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At very low temperatures in the vicinity of absolute zero, matter exhibits many unusual properties including superconductivity, superfluidity, and [Bose-Einstein condensation]?. In order to study such phenomena, scientists have worked to obtain ever lower temperatures. To date the lowest temperature ever acheived was 20 nK (20 billionths of a degree above absolute zero). This record-setting low temperature was achieved in 1995 by scientists working for NIST? in Boulder, Colorado. The work is described in the July 14, 1995 edition of the journal Science.