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In the course of its history, the latin alphabet was used for new languages, and therefore, some new letters and diacritics were created, e.g. the cedilla in ç (probably came from z and had originally nothing to do with c) that symbolized /ts/ in Romance or the hacek in Slavonic languages. W is a Germanic letter made up from two U's, and U and J were originally not distinguished from V and I respectively. In Old English, thorn? and wynn? - a Runic letter - were added. In modern Icelandic?, thorn is still used. The additional letters added in German are generally either special presentations of earlier ligature forms (ae -> ä, ue -> ü or sz -> β). French adds the circumflex to record elided consonants that were present in earlier forms and are often still present in the modern English cognate forms (OF hostel -> F hôtel = E hotel or LL pasta -> MF paste -> F pâte & E paste).
Some slavic languages use the latin alphabet rather than the Cyrillic. Among these, Polish uses a variety of ligatures with z to represent special phonetic values. Czech uses diacritcs as in Dvor^ak where the ^ should be on the r. The slavic regions which stayed with the Orthodox church generally use Cyrillic instead which is much closer to the Greek alphabet.
Jensen, Hans. 1970. Sign Symbol and Script. London: George Allen and Unwin Ltd. Transl. of Die Schrift in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart. VEB Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften. 1958, as revised by the author.
Rix, Helmut. 1993. "La scrittura e la lingua" In: Cristofani, Mauro (hrsg.) 1993. Gli etruschi - Una nuova immagine. Firenze: Giunti. S.199-227.
Sampson, Geoffrey. 1985. Writing systems. London (etc.): Hutchinson.
Wachter, Rudolf. 1987. Altlateinische Inschriften: sprachliche und epigraphische Untersuchungen zu den Dokumenten bis etwa 150 v.Chr. Bern (etc.): Peter Lang.
Compare Greek alphabet, Hebrew alphabet, Cyrillic alphabet.