Wikipedia http://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE MediaWiki 1.9alpha first-letter Media বিশেষ আলাপ ব্যবহারকারী ব্যবহারকারী আলাপ Wikipedia Wikipedia আলাপ চিত্র চিত্র আলাপ MediaWiki MediaWiki আলাপ Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk 2 2 2006-10-01T15:56:50Z Purodha 3 {{babel-16 | bpy-0 | de | ksh | en-3 | la-2 | ru-1 | nds-1 | nl-1 | li-1 | lb-1 | als-1 | af-1 | pdc-1 | pfl-1 | sxu-1 | bar-1 }} &bull;&nbsp;[[:ksh:Metmaacher:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:de:Benutzer:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:nds:Bruker:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:en:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:simple:User:Purodha]] &bull; &bull;&nbsp;[[:meta:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:commons:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:incubator:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:test:User:Purodha]] &bull; <!-- '''Wikipedi&aelig;:'''<br /><!-- --> &bull;&nbsp;[[:af:Gebruiker:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:als:Benutzer:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:bar:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:bg:Потребител:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:bpy:ব্যবহারকারী:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:bxr:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:cbk-zam:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:cdo:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:cu:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:cy:Defnyddiwr:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:diq:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:eml:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:eo:Vikipediisto:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:es:Usuario:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:fr:Utilisateur:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:glk:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:hi:सदस्य:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:hr:Suradnik:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:hsb:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:it:Utente:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:ka:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:kn:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:la:Usor:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:lb:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:lbe:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:li:Gebroeker:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:mg:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:mzn:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:new:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:nl:Gebruiker:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:nov:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:pag:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:pdc:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:pl:Wikipedysta:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:ro:Utilizator:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:roa-tara:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:ru:Участник:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:ru-sib:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:sv:Användare:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:tr:Kullanıcı:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:wuu:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:zea:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:zh-classical:User:Purodha]] &bull; <!-- &bull;&nbsp;[[:species:User:Purodha]] &bull; '''Wikiquotes:'''<br /> '''Wiktionaries:'''<br /> '''Wikiversities:'''<br /> &bull;&nbsp;[[:wikiversity:beta:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:wikiversity:de:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:wikiversity:en:User:Purodha]] &bull; --> <div style="display:none"> [[de:Benutzer:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ksh:Metmaacher:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[nds:Bruker:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[en:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[simple:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[li:Gebroeker:Purodha]]<!-- --> [[la:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> <!-- --> [[aa:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ab:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[af:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ak:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[als:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[am:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[an:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ang:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ar:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[arc:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[as:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ast:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[av:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ay:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[az:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ba:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[bar:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[bat-smg:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[be:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[bg:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[bh:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[bi:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[bm:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[bn:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[bo:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[bpy:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[br:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[bs:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[bug:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[bxr:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ca:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[cbk-zam:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[cdo:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ce:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ceb:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ch:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[cho:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[chr:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[chy:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[co:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[cr:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[cs:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[csb:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[cu:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[cv:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[cy:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[da:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[de:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[diq:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[dv:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[dz:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ee:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[el:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[eml:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[en:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[eo:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[es:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[et:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[eu:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[fa:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ff:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[fi:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[fiu-vro:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[fj:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[fo:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[fr:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[frp:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[fur:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[fy:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ga:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[gd:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[gl:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[glk:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[gn:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[got:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[gu:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[gv:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ha:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[haw:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[he:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[hi:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ho:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[hr:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[hsb:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ht:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[hu:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[hy:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[hz:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ia:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[id:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ie:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ig:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ii:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ik:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ilo:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[io:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[is:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[it:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[iu:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ja:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[jbo:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[jv:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ka:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[kg:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ki:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[kj:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[kk:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[kl:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[km:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[kn:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ko:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[kr:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ks:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ksh:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ku:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[kv:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[kw:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ky:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[la:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[lad:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[lb:User:Purodha]]<!-- --> [[lbe:User:Purodha]]<!-- --> [[lg:User:Purodha]]<!-- --> [[li:Gebroeker:Purodha]]<!-- --> [[lij:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ln:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[lmo:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[lo:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[lt:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[lv:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[map-bms:User:Purodha]]<!-- --> [[mg:User:Purodha]]<!-- --> [[mh:User:Purodha]]<!-- --> [[mi:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[mk:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ml:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[mn:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[mo:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[mr:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ms:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[mt:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[mus:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[my:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[mzn:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[na:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[nah:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[nap:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[nds:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[nds-nl:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ne:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[new:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ng:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[nl:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[nn:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[no:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[nov:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[nrm:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[nv:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ny:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[oc:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[om:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[or:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[os:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[pa:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[pag:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[pam:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[pap:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[pdc:User:Purodha]]<!-- --> [[pi:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[pih:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[pl:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[pms:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ps:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[pt:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[qu:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[rmy:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[rn:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ro:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[roa-rup:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[roa-tara:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ru:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ru-sib:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[rw:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[sa:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[sc:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[scn:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[sco:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[sd:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[se:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[sg:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[sh:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[si:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[simple:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[sk:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[sl:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[sm:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[sn:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[so:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[sq:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[sr:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ss:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[st:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[su:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[sv:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[sw:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ta:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[te:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[tet:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[tg:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[th:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ti:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[tk:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[tl:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[tlh:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[tn:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[to:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[tpi:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[tr:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ts:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[tt:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[tum:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[tv:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[tw:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ty:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[udm:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ug:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[uk:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ur:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[uz:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ve:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[vec:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[vi:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[vls:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[vo:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[wa:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[war:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[wo:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[wuu:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[xal:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[xh:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[yi:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[yo:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[za:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[zea:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[zh:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[zh-classical:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[zh-min-nan:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[zh-yue:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[zu:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> </div> 4 2006-10-01T23:50:30Z Purodha 3 {{babel-16 | bpy-0 | de | ksh | en-3 | la-2 | ru-1 | nds-1 | nl-1 | li-1 | lb-1 | als-1 | af-1 | pdc-1 | pfl-1 | sxu-1 | bar-1 }} {{Transl-6|ksh-deu|deu-eng|eng-ksh|ksh-eng|eng-deu|deu-ksh}} &bull;&nbsp;[[:ksh:Metmaacher:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:de:Benutzer:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:nds:Bruker:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:en:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:simple:User:Purodha]] &bull; &bull;&nbsp;[[:meta:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:commons:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:incubator:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:test:User:Purodha]] &bull; <!-- '''Wikipedi&aelig;:'''<br /><!-- --> &bull;&nbsp;[[:af:Gebruiker:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:als:Benutzer:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:bar:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:bg:Потребител:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:bpy:ব্যবহারকারী:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:bxr:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:cbk-zam:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:cdo:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:cu:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:cy:Defnyddiwr:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:diq:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:eml:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:eo:Vikipediisto:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:es:Usuario:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:fr:Utilisateur:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:glk:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:hi:सदस्य:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:hr:Suradnik:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:hsb:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:it:Utente:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:ka:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:kn:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:la:Usor:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:lb:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:lbe:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:li:Gebroeker:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:mg:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:mzn:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:new:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:nl:Gebruiker:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:nov:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:pag:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:pdc:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:pl:Wikipedysta:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:ro:Utilizator:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:roa-tara:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:ru:Участник:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:ru-sib:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:sv:Användare:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:tr:Kullanıcı:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:wuu:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:zea:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:zh-classical:User:Purodha]] &bull; <!-- &bull;&nbsp;[[:species:User:Purodha]] &bull; '''Wikiquotes:'''<br /> '''Wiktionaries:'''<br /> '''Wikiversities:'''<br /> &bull;&nbsp;[[:wikiversity:beta:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:wikiversity:de:User:Purodha]] &bull;&nbsp;[[:wikiversity:en:User:Purodha]] &bull; --> <div style="display:none"> [[de:Benutzer:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ksh:Metmaacher:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[nds:Bruker:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[en:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[simple:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[li:Gebroeker:Purodha]]<!-- --> [[la:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> <!-- --> [[aa:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ab:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[af:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ak:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[als:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[am:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[an:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ang:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ar:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[arc:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[as:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ast:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[av:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ay:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[az:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ba:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[bar:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[bat-smg:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[be:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[bg:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[bh:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[bi:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[bm:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[bn:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[bo:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[bpy:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[br:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[bs:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[bug:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[bxr:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ca:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[cbk-zam:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[cdo:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ce:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ceb:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ch:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[cho:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[chr:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[chy:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[co:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[cr:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[cs:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[csb:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[cu:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[cv:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[cy:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[da:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[de:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[diq:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[dv:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[dz:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ee:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[el:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[eml:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[en:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[eo:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[es:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[et:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[eu:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[fa:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ff:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[fi:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[fiu-vro:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[fj:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[fo:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[fr:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[frp:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[fur:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[fy:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ga:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[gd:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[gl:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[glk:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[gn:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[got:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[gu:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[gv:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ha:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[haw:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[he:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[hi:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ho:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[hr:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[hsb:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ht:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[hu:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[hy:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[hz:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ia:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[id:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ie:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ig:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ii:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ik:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ilo:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[io:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[is:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[it:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[iu:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ja:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[jbo:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[jv:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ka:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[kg:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ki:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[kj:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[kk:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[kl:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[km:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[kn:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ko:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[kr:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ks:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ksh:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ku:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[kv:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[kw:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ky:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[la:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[lad:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[lb:User:Purodha]]<!-- --> [[lbe:User:Purodha]]<!-- --> [[lg:User:Purodha]]<!-- --> [[li:Gebroeker:Purodha]]<!-- --> [[lij:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ln:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[lmo:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[lo:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[lt:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[lv:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[map-bms:User:Purodha]]<!-- --> [[mg:User:Purodha]]<!-- --> [[mh:User:Purodha]]<!-- --> [[mi:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[mk:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ml:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[mn:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[mo:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[mr:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ms:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[mt:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[mus:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[my:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[mzn:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[na:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[nah:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[nap:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[nds:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[nds-nl:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ne:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[new:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ng:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[nl:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[nn:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[no:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[nov:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[nrm:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[nv:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ny:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[oc:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[om:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[or:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[os:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[pa:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[pag:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[pam:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[pap:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[pdc:User:Purodha]]<!-- --> [[pi:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[pih:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[pl:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[pms:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ps:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[pt:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[qu:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[rmy:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[rn:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ro:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[roa-rup:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[roa-tara:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ru:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ru-sib:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[rw:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[sa:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[sc:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[scn:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[sco:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[sd:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[se:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[sg:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[sh:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[si:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[simple:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[sk:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[sl:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[sm:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[sn:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[so:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[sq:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[sr:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ss:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[st:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[su:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[sv:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[sw:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ta:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[te:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[tet:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[tg:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[th:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ti:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[tk:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[tl:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[tlh:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[tn:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[to:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[tpi:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[tr:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ts:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[tt:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[tum:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[tv:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[tw:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ty:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[udm:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ug:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[uk:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ur:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[uz:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[ve:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[vec:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[vi:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[vls:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[vo:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[wa:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[war:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[wo:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[wuu:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[xal:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[xh:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[yi:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[yo:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[za:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[zea:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[zh:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[zh-classical:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[zh-min-nan:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[zh-yue:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> [[zu:User:Purodha]] <!-- --> </div> 3 3 2006-10-01T20:41:33Z Jon Harald Søby 5 I am '''[[m:User:Jon Harald Søby|Jon Harald Søby]]'''. You can contact me [[m:User talk:Jon Harald Søby|on Meta]].&nbsp;&nbsp; [[aa:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ab:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[af:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ak:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[als:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[am:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[an:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ang:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ar:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[arc:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[as:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ast:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[av:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ay:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[az:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ba:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[bar:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[bat-smg:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[be:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[bg:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[bh:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[bi:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[bm:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[bn:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[bo:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[bpy:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[br:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[bs:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[bug:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[bxr:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ca:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[cbk-zam:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ce:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ceb:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[cdo:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ch:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[cho:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[chr:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[chy:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[co:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[cr:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[cs:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[csb:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[cu:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[cv:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[cy:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[da:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[de:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[diq:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[dv:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[dz:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ee:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[el:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[eml:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[en:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[eo:User:Jon Harald SØBY]] [[es:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[et:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[eu:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[fa:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ff:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[fi:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[fiu-vro:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[fj:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[fo:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[fr:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[frp:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[fur:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[fy:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ga:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[gd:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[gl:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[glk:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[gn:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[got:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[gu:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[gv:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ha:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[haw:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[he:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[hi:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ho:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[hr:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[hsb:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ht:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[hu:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[hy:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[hz:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ia:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[id:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ie:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ig:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ii:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ik:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ilo:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[io:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[is:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[it:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[iu:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ja:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[jbo:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[jv:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ka:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[kg:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[kj:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ki:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[kk:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[kl:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[km:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[kn:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ko:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[kr:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ks:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ksh:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ku:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[kv:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[kw:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ky:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[la:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[lad:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[lb:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[lbe:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[lg:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[li:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[lij:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[lmo:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ln:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[lo:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[lt:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[lv:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[map-bms:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[mg:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[mh:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[mi:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[mk:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ml:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[mn:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[mo:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[mr:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ms:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[mt:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[mus:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[my:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[mzn:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[na:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[nah:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[nap:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[nds:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[nds-nl:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ne:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[new:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ng:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[nl:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[nn:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[no:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[nov:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[nrm:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[nv:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ny:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[oc:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[om:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[or:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[os:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[pa:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[pag:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[pam:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[pap:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[pdc:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[pi:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[pih:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[pl:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[pms:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ps:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[pt:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[qu:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[rm:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[rmy:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[rn:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ro:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[roa-rup:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[roa-tara:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ru:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ru-sib:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[rw:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[sa:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[sc:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[scn:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[sco:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[sd:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[se:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[sg:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[sh:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[si:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[simple:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[sk:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[sl:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[sm:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[sn:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[so:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[sq:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[sr:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ss:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[st:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[su:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[sv:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[sw:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ta:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[te:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[tet:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[tg:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[th:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ti:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[tk:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[tl:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[tn:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[to:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[tpi:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[tr:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ts:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[tt:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[tum:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[tw:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ty:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[udm:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ug:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[uk:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ur:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[uz:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ve:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[vec:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[vi:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[vls:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[vo:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[wa:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[war:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[wo:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[wuu:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[xal:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[xh:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[yi:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[yo:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[za:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[zea:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[zh:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[zh-classical:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[zh-min-nan:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[zh-yue:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[zu:User:Jon Harald Søby]] 4 5 2006-07-11T02:38:39Z Usingha <p style="text-align:center; font-size: 150%">'''[[উইকিপিডিয়া]]'''-তে [[উইকিপেডিয়াত:স্বাগতম, নুওয়াতা|স্বাগতম]]। </p> <p style="text-align:center; font-size: 120%">উইকিপিডিয়া এহান ইন্টানেটর উন্মুক্ত [[বিশ্বকোষ]]হান যেহান [[m:Complete list of language Wikipedias available|১০০হারউ গজে ঠারলো]] পানা য়্যাকরের। এহান যেগউ সম্পাদনা করানি পারতারা।</p> {{পয়লা পাতার মেথেল}} ==মেথেল== {{Mainpageindex}} ==উইকিপিডিয়ার বারাদে যেসাদেউ পাকরানি থক নিবন্ধ== {{উইকিপিডিয়া সম্পর্কে হারপিক}} ==আরআর ঠারে উইকিপিডিয়া== {{আরআর ঠারে উইকিপিডিয়া}} ==উইকিপিডিয়ার সহপ্রকল্পসমুহ== {{সহপ্রকল্প}} <!-- interwiki --> [[als:]] [[ak:]] [[ar:]] [[as:]] [[bg:]] [[bh:]] [[bs:]] [[ca:]] [[cs:]] [[da:]] [[de:]] [[el:]] [[eo:]] [[en:]] [[es:]] [[fi:]] [[fr:]] [[fy:]] [[gu:]] [[he:]] [[hi:]] [[hr:]] [[hu:]] [[io:]] [[it:]] [[ja:]] [[ko:]] [[kn:]] [[ks:]] [[ku:]] [[lb:]] [[ml:]] [[mr:]] [[nds:]] [[ne:]] [[nl:]] [[no:]] [[or:]] [[pa:]] [[pl:]] [[pt:]] [[ro:]] [[ru:]] [[sa:]] [[sd:]] [[sk:]] [[sl:]] [[sr:]] [[sv:]] [[ta:]] [[te:]] [[tr:]] [[ur:]] [[uk:]] [[zh:]] 6 2006-07-11T02:40:06Z Usingha <p style="text-align:center; font-size: 150%">'''[[উইকিপিডিয়া]]'''-ত [[উইকিপেডিয়াত:স্বাগতম, নুওয়াতা|স্বাগতম]]। </p> <p style="text-align:center; font-size: 120%">উইকিপিডিয়া এহান ইন্টানেটর উন্মুক্ত [[বিশ্বকোষ]]হান যেহান [[m:Complete list of language Wikipedias available|১০০হারউ গজে ঠারলো]] পানা য়্যাকরের। এহান যেগউ সম্পাদনা করানি পারতারা।</p> {{পয়লা পাতার মেথেল}} ==মেথেল== {{Mainpageindex}} ==উইকিপিডিয়ার বারাদে যেসাদেউ পাকরানি থক নিবন্ধ== {{উইকিপিডিয়া সম্পর্কে হারপিক}} ==আরআর ঠারে উইকিপিডিয়া== {{আরআর ঠারে উইকিপিডিয়া}} ==উইকিপিডিয়ার সহপ্রকল্পসমুহ== {{সহপ্রকল্প}} <!-- interwiki --> [[als:]] [[ak:]] [[ar:]] [[as:]] [[bg:]] [[bh:]] [[bs:]] [[ca:]] [[cs:]] [[da:]] [[de:]] [[el:]] [[eo:]] [[en:]] [[es:]] [[fi:]] [[fr:]] [[fy:]] [[gu:]] [[he:]] [[hi:]] [[hr:]] [[hu:]] [[io:]] [[it:]] [[ja:]] [[ko:]] [[kn:]] [[ks:]] [[ku:]] [[lb:]] [[ml:]] [[mr:]] [[nds:]] [[ne:]] [[nl:]] [[no:]] [[or:]] [[pa:]] [[pl:]] [[pt:]] [[ro:]] [[ru:]] [[sa:]] [[sd:]] [[sk:]] [[sl:]] [[sr:]] [[sv:]] [[ta:]] [[te:]] [[tr:]] [[ur:]] [[uk:]] [[zh:]] 7 2006-07-11T02:50:46Z Usingha <div style="background-color:#FFFBF0; padding:10px; border:2px solid green;"> <p style="text-align: center"> <big>'''বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী ঠারর উইকিপিডিয়া'''</big> (''' Bishnupriya Manipuri Wikipedia''') </p> <p style="margin: 0.5em 0 0 3%; text-align: center; font-size: 125%; line-height: 1.3"> '''[[উইকিপিডিয়া]]'''-ত [[উইকিপেডিয়াত:স্বাগতম, নুওয়াতা|স্বাগতম]]। <p>উইকিপিডিয়া এহান ইন্টানেটর উন্মুক্ত [[বিশ্বকোষ]]হান যেহান [[m:Complete list of language Wikipedias available|১০০হারউ গজে ঠারলো]] পানা য়্যাকরের। এহান যেগউ সম্পাদনা করানি পারতারা।</p> {{পয়লা পাতার মেথেল}} ==মেথেল== {{Mainpageindex}} ==উইকিপিডিয়ার বারাদে যেসাদেউ পাকরানি থক নিবন্ধ== {{উইকিপিডিয়া সম্পর্কে হারপিক}} ==আরআর ঠারে উইকিপিডিয়া== {{আরআর ঠারে উইকিপিডিয়া}} ==উইকিপিডিয়ার সহপ্রকল্পসমুহ== {{সহপ্রকল্প}} <!-- interwiki --> [[als:]] [[ak:]] [[ar:]] [[as:]] [[bg:]] [[bh:]] [[bs:]] [[ca:]] [[cs:]] [[da:]] [[de:]] [[el:]] [[eo:]] [[en:]] [[es:]] [[fi:]] [[fr:]] [[fy:]] [[gu:]] [[he:]] [[hi:]] [[hr:]] [[hu:]] [[io:]] [[it:]] [[ja:]] [[ko:]] [[kn:]] [[ks:]] [[ku:]] [[lb:]] [[ml:]] [[mr:]] [[nds:]] [[ne:]] [[nl:]] [[no:]] [[or:]] [[pa:]] [[pl:]] [[pt:]] [[ro:]] [[ru:]] [[sa:]] [[sd:]] [[sk:]] [[sl:]] [[sr:]] [[sv:]] [[ta:]] [[te:]] [[tr:]] [[ur:]] [[uk:]] [[zh:]] 8 2006-07-11T03:13:16Z Usingha <div style="background-color:#FFFBF0; padding:10px; border:2px solid green;"> <p style="text-align: center"> <big>'''বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী ঠারর উইকিপিডিয়া'''</big> (''' Bishnupriya Manipuri Wikipedia''') </p> <p style="margin: 0.5em 0 0 3%; text-align: center; font-size: 125%; line-height: 1.3"> '''[[উইকিপিডিয়া]]'''-ত [[উইকিপেডিয়াত:স্বাগতম, নুওয়াতা|স্বাগতম]]। <p>উইকিপিডিয়া এহান ইন্টানেটর উন্মুক্ত [[বিশ্বকোষ]]হান যেহান [[m:Complete list of language Wikipedias available|১০০হারউ গজে ঠারলো]] পানা য়্যাকরের। এহান যেগউ সম্পাদনা করানি পারতারা।</p> {| === हलिमसफूया ख्य:त === |- | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" | width="10%" | [[Image:Nuvola apps kalzium.png|50px|Zienziah Naturaleh]] | width="90%" style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/new/গনিত|গনিত]] , [[Test-wp/new/প্রকৃতি|প্রকৃতি]] বারো [[Test-wp/new/বিজ্ঞান|বিজ্ঞান]]'''<br/> <font color="green"> [[Test-wp/new/পশু বিজ্ঞান|পশু বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/লুক বিজ্ঞান|লুক বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/জ্যামিতি|জ্যামিতি]] </font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps browser.png|50px|Zienziah Zozialeh]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/new/মানু|মানু]] বারো [[Test-wp/new/সমাজর বিজ্ঞান|সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] '''<br/><font color="green"> [[Test-wp/new/মানুর বিজ্ঞান|মানুর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/সমাজর বিজ্ঞান|সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/ভূগোল|ভূগোল]] - [[Test-wp/new/ধর্ম|ধর্ম]]</font> '''</big><br/> |} |} </div> <br> ---- <br> {{পয়লা পাতার মেথেল}} ==মেথেল== {{Mainpageindex}} ==উইকিপিডিয়ার বারাদে যেসাদেউ পাকরানি থক নিবন্ধ== {{উইকিপিডিয়া সম্পর্কে হারপিক}} ==আরআর ঠারে উইকিপিডিয়া== {{আরআর ঠারে উইকিপিডিয়া}} ==উইকিপিডিয়ার সহপ্রকল্পসমুহ== {{সহপ্রকল্প}} <!-- interwiki --> [[als:]] [[ak:]] [[ar:]] [[as:]] [[bg:]] [[bh:]] [[bs:]] [[ca:]] [[cs:]] [[da:]] [[de:]] [[el:]] [[eo:]] [[en:]] [[es:]] [[fi:]] [[fr:]] [[fy:]] [[gu:]] [[he:]] [[hi:]] [[hr:]] [[hu:]] [[io:]] [[it:]] [[ja:]] [[ko:]] [[kn:]] [[ks:]] [[ku:]] [[lb:]] [[ml:]] [[mr:]] [[nds:]] [[ne:]] [[nl:]] [[no:]] [[or:]] [[pa:]] [[pl:]] [[pt:]] [[ro:]] [[ru:]] [[sa:]] [[sd:]] [[sk:]] [[sl:]] [[sr:]] [[sv:]] [[ta:]] [[te:]] [[tr:]] [[ur:]] [[uk:]] [[zh:]] 9 2006-07-11T03:15:49Z Usingha <div style="background-color:#FFFBF0; padding:10px; border:2px solid green;"> <p style="text-align: center"> <big>'''বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী ঠারর উইকিপিডিয়া'''</big> (''' Bishnupriya Manipuri Wikipedia''') </p> <p style="margin: 0.5em 0 0 3%; text-align: center; font-size: 125%; line-height: 1.3"> '''[[উইকিপিডিয়া]]'''-ত [[উইকিপেডিয়াত:স্বাগতম, নুওয়াতা|স্বাগতম]]। <p>উইকিপিডিয়া এহান ইন্টানেটর উন্মুক্ত [[বিশ্বকোষ]]হান যেহান [[m:Complete list of language Wikipedias available|১০০হারউ গজে ঠারলো]] পানা য়্যাকরের। এহান যেগউ সম্পাদনা করানি পারতারা।</p> {| === ইনসাইক্লোপিডিয়া === |- | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" | width="10%" | [[Image:Nuvola apps kalzium.png|50px|Zienziah Naturaleh]] | width="90%" style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/new/গনিত|গনিত]] , [[Test-wp/new/প্রকৃতি|প্রকৃতি]] বারো [[Test-wp/new/বিজ্ঞান|বিজ্ঞান]]'''<br/> <font color="green"> [[Test-wp/new/পশু বিজ্ঞান|পশু বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/লুক বিজ্ঞান|লুক বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/জ্যামিতি|জ্যামিতি]] </font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps browser.png|50px|Zienziah Zozialeh]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/new/মানু|মানু]] বারো [[Test-wp/new/সমাজর বিজ্ঞান|সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] '''<br/><font color="green"> [[Test-wp/new/মানুর বিজ্ঞান|মানুর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/সমাজর বিজ্ঞান|সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/ভূগোল|ভূগোল]] - [[Test-wp/new/ধর্ম|ধর্ম]]</font> '''</big><br/> |} |} </div> <br> ---- <br> {{পয়লা পাতার মেথেল}} ==মেথেল== {{Mainpageindex}} ==উইকিপিডিয়ার বারাদে যেসাদেউ পাকরানি থক নিবন্ধ== {{উইকিপিডিয়া সম্পর্কে হারপিক}} ==আরআর ঠারে উইকিপিডিয়া== {{আরআর ঠারে উইকিপিডিয়া}} ==উইকিপিডিয়ার সহপ্রকল্পসমুহ== {{সহপ্রকল্প}} <!-- interwiki --> [[als:]] [[ak:]] [[ar:]] [[as:]] [[bg:]] [[bh:]] [[bs:]] [[ca:]] [[cs:]] [[da:]] [[de:]] [[el:]] [[eo:]] [[en:]] [[es:]] [[fi:]] [[fr:]] [[fy:]] [[gu:]] [[he:]] [[hi:]] [[hr:]] [[hu:]] [[io:]] [[it:]] [[ja:]] [[ko:]] [[kn:]] [[ks:]] [[ku:]] [[lb:]] [[ml:]] [[mr:]] [[nds:]] [[ne:]] [[nl:]] [[no:]] [[or:]] [[pa:]] [[pl:]] [[pt:]] [[ro:]] [[ru:]] [[sa:]] [[sd:]] [[sk:]] [[sl:]] [[sr:]] [[sv:]] [[ta:]] [[te:]] [[tr:]] [[ur:]] [[uk:]] [[zh:]] 10 2006-07-12T04:00:42Z Usingha /* উইকিপিডিয়ার সহপ্রকল্পসমুহ */ <div style="background-color:#FFFBF0; padding:10px; border:2px solid green;"> <p style="text-align: center"> <big>'''বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী ঠারর উইকিপিডিয়া'''</big> (''' Bishnupriya Manipuri Wikipedia''') </p> <p style="margin: 0.5em 0 0 3%; text-align: center; font-size: 125%; line-height: 1.3"> '''[[উইকিপিডিয়া]]'''-ত [[উইকিপেডিয়াত:স্বাগতম, নুওয়াতা|স্বাগতম]]। <p>উইকিপিডিয়া এহান ইন্টানেটর উন্মুক্ত [[বিশ্বকোষ]]হান যেহান [[m:Complete list of language Wikipedias available|১০০হারউ গজে ঠারলো]] পানা য়্যাকরের। এহান যেগউ সম্পাদনা করানি পারতারা।</p> {| === ইনসাইক্লোপিডিয়া === |- | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" | width="10%" | [[Image:Nuvola apps kalzium.png|50px|Zienziah Naturaleh]] | width="90%" style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/new/গনিত|গনিত]] , [[Test-wp/new/প্রকৃতি|প্রকৃতি]] বারো [[Test-wp/new/বিজ্ঞান|বিজ্ঞান]]'''<br/> <font color="green"> [[Test-wp/new/পশু বিজ্ঞান|পশু বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/লুক বিজ্ঞান|লুক বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/জ্যামিতি|জ্যামিতি]] </font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps browser.png|50px|Zienziah Zozialeh]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/new/মানু|মানু]] বারো [[Test-wp/new/সমাজর বিজ্ঞান|সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] '''<br/><font color="green"> [[Test-wp/new/মানুর বিজ্ঞান|মানুর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/সমাজর বিজ্ঞান|সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/ভূগোল|ভূগোল]] - [[Test-wp/new/ধর্ম|ধর্ম]]</font> '''</big><br/> |} |} </div> <br> ---- <br> {{পয়লা পাতার মেথেল}} ==মেথেল== {{Mainpageindex}} ==উইকিপিডিয়ার বারাদে যেসাদেউ পাকরানি থক নিবন্ধ== {{উইকিপিডিয়া সম্পর্কে হারপিক}} ==আরআর ঠারে উইকিপিডিয়া== {{আরআর ঠারে উইকিপিডিয়া}} ==উইকিপিডিয়ার সহপ্রকল্পসমুহ== {| width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid #006699;" |- ! bgcolor="#D0E2EE" style="border-bottom:1px solid #006699; font: 125% Verdana; color:black" |Sister projects |- | bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="font: 95% Verdana;" align="left" |{{Wikipediasister}} |} <!-- interwiki --> [[als:]] [[ak:]] [[ar:]] [[as:]] [[bg:]] [[bh:]] [[bs:]] [[ca:]] [[cs:]] [[da:]] [[de:]] [[el:]] [[eo:]] [[en:]] [[es:]] [[fi:]] [[fr:]] [[fy:]] [[gu:]] [[he:]] [[hi:]] [[hr:]] [[hu:]] [[io:]] [[it:]] [[ja:]] [[ko:]] [[kn:]] [[ks:]] [[ku:]] [[lb:]] [[ml:]] [[mr:]] [[nds:]] [[ne:]] [[nl:]] [[no:]] [[or:]] [[pa:]] [[pl:]] [[pt:]] [[ro:]] [[ru:]] [[sa:]] [[sd:]] [[sk:]] [[sl:]] [[sr:]] [[sv:]] [[ta:]] [[te:]] [[tr:]] [[ur:]] [[uk:]] [[zh:]] 11 2006-07-12T04:01:22Z Usingha /* উইকিপিডিয়ার সহপ্রকল্পসমুহ */ <div style="background-color:#FFFBF0; padding:10px; border:2px solid green;"> <p style="text-align: center"> <big>'''বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী ঠারর উইকিপিডিয়া'''</big> (''' Bishnupriya Manipuri Wikipedia''') </p> <p style="margin: 0.5em 0 0 3%; text-align: center; font-size: 125%; line-height: 1.3"> '''[[উইকিপিডিয়া]]'''-ত [[উইকিপেডিয়াত:স্বাগতম, নুওয়াতা|স্বাগতম]]। <p>উইকিপিডিয়া এহান ইন্টানেটর উন্মুক্ত [[বিশ্বকোষ]]হান যেহান [[m:Complete list of language Wikipedias available|১০০হারউ গজে ঠারলো]] পানা য়্যাকরের। এহান যেগউ সম্পাদনা করানি পারতারা।</p> {| === ইনসাইক্লোপিডিয়া === |- | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" | width="10%" | [[Image:Nuvola apps kalzium.png|50px|Zienziah Naturaleh]] | width="90%" style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/new/গনিত|গনিত]] , [[Test-wp/new/প্রকৃতি|প্রকৃতি]] বারো [[Test-wp/new/বিজ্ঞান|বিজ্ঞান]]'''<br/> <font color="green"> [[Test-wp/new/পশু বিজ্ঞান|পশু বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/লুক বিজ্ঞান|লুক বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/জ্যামিতি|জ্যামিতি]] </font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps browser.png|50px|Zienziah Zozialeh]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/new/মানু|মানু]] বারো [[Test-wp/new/সমাজর বিজ্ঞান|সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] '''<br/><font color="green"> [[Test-wp/new/মানুর বিজ্ঞান|মানুর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/সমাজর বিজ্ঞান|সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/ভূগোল|ভূগোল]] - [[Test-wp/new/ধর্ম|ধর্ম]]</font> '''</big><br/> |} |} </div> <br> ---- <br> {{পয়লা পাতার মেথেল}} ==মেথেল== {{Mainpageindex}} ==উইকিপিডিয়ার বারাদে যেসাদেউ পাকরানি থক নিবন্ধ== {{উইকিপিডিয়া সম্পর্কে হারপিক}} ==আরআর ঠারে উইকিপিডিয়া== {{আরআর ঠারে উইকিপিডিয়া}} ==উইকিপিডিয়ার সহপ্রকল্পসমুহ== {| width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid #006699;" |- ! bgcolor="#D0E2EE" style="border-bottom:1px solid #006699; font: 125% Verdana; color:black" |Sister projects |- | bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="font: 95% Verdana;" align="left" |{{Wikipediasister}} |} <!-- interwiki --> [[als:]] [[ak:]] [[ar:]] [[as:]] [[bg:]] [[bh:]] [[bs:]] [[ca:]] [[cs:]] [[da:]] [[de:]] [[el:]] [[eo:]] [[en:]] [[es:]] [[fi:]] [[fr:]] [[fy:]] [[gu:]] [[he:]] [[hi:]] [[hr:]] [[hu:]] [[io:]] [[it:]] [[ja:]] [[ko:]] [[kn:]] [[ks:]] [[ku:]] [[lb:]] [[ml:]] [[mr:]] [[nds:]] [[ne:]] [[nl:]] [[no:]] [[or:]] [[pa:]] [[pl:]] [[pt:]] [[ro:]] [[ru:]] [[sa:]] [[sd:]] [[sk:]] [[sl:]] [[sr:]] [[sv:]] [[ta:]] [[te:]] [[tr:]] [[ur:]] [[uk:]] [[zh:]] 12 2006-07-12T04:02:14Z Usingha /* উইকিপিডিয়ার সহপ্রকল্পসমুহ */ <div style="background-color:#FFFBF0; padding:10px; border:2px solid green;"> <p style="text-align: center"> <big>'''বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী ঠারর উইকিপিডিয়া'''</big> (''' Bishnupriya Manipuri Wikipedia''') </p> <p style="margin: 0.5em 0 0 3%; text-align: center; font-size: 125%; line-height: 1.3"> '''[[উইকিপিডিয়া]]'''-ত [[উইকিপেডিয়াত:স্বাগতম, নুওয়াতা|স্বাগতম]]। <p>উইকিপিডিয়া এহান ইন্টানেটর উন্মুক্ত [[বিশ্বকোষ]]হান যেহান [[m:Complete list of language Wikipedias available|১০০হারউ গজে ঠারলো]] পানা য়্যাকরের। এহান যেগউ সম্পাদনা করানি পারতারা।</p> {| === ইনসাইক্লোপিডিয়া === |- | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" | width="10%" | [[Image:Nuvola apps kalzium.png|50px|Zienziah Naturaleh]] | width="90%" style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/new/গনিত|গনিত]] , [[Test-wp/new/প্রকৃতি|প্রকৃতি]] বারো [[Test-wp/new/বিজ্ঞান|বিজ্ঞান]]'''<br/> <font color="green"> [[Test-wp/new/পশু বিজ্ঞান|পশু বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/লুক বিজ্ঞান|লুক বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/জ্যামিতি|জ্যামিতি]] </font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps browser.png|50px|Zienziah Zozialeh]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/new/মানু|মানু]] বারো [[Test-wp/new/সমাজর বিজ্ঞান|সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] '''<br/><font color="green"> [[Test-wp/new/মানুর বিজ্ঞান|মানুর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/সমাজর বিজ্ঞান|সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/ভূগোল|ভূগোল]] - [[Test-wp/new/ধর্ম|ধর্ম]]</font> '''</big><br/> |} |} </div> <br> ---- <br> {{পয়লা পাতার মেথেল}} ==মেথেল== {{Mainpageindex}} ==উইকিপিডিয়ার বারাদে যেসাদেউ পাকরানি থক নিবন্ধ== {{উইকিপিডিয়া সম্পর্কে হারপিক}} ==আরআর ঠারে উইকিপিডিয়া== {{আরআর ঠারে উইকিপিডিয়া}} {| width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid #006699;" |- ! bgcolor="#D0E2EE" style="border-bottom:1px solid #006699; font: 125% Verdana; color:black" |Sister projects |- | bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="font: 95% Verdana;" align="left" |{{Wikipediasister}} |} <!-- interwiki --> [[als:]] [[ak:]] [[ar:]] [[as:]] [[bg:]] [[bh:]] [[bs:]] [[ca:]] [[cs:]] [[da:]] [[de:]] [[el:]] [[eo:]] [[en:]] [[es:]] [[fi:]] [[fr:]] [[fy:]] [[gu:]] [[he:]] [[hi:]] [[hr:]] [[hu:]] [[io:]] [[it:]] [[ja:]] [[ko:]] [[kn:]] [[ks:]] [[ku:]] [[lb:]] [[ml:]] [[mr:]] [[nds:]] [[ne:]] [[nl:]] [[no:]] [[or:]] [[pa:]] [[pl:]] [[pt:]] [[ro:]] [[ru:]] [[sa:]] [[sd:]] [[sk:]] [[sl:]] [[sr:]] [[sv:]] [[ta:]] [[te:]] [[tr:]] [[ur:]] [[uk:]] [[zh:]] 13 2006-07-12T04:03:45Z Usingha <div style="background-color:#FFFBF0; padding:10px; border:2px solid green;"> <p style="text-align: center"> <big>'''বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী ঠারর উইকিপিডিয়া'''</big> (''' Bishnupriya Manipuri Wikipedia''') </p> <p style="margin: 0.5em 0 0 3%; text-align: center; font-size: 125%; line-height: 1.3"> '''[[উইকিপিডিয়া]]'''-ত [[উইকিপেডিয়াত:স্বাগতম, নুওয়াতা|স্বাগতম]]। <p>উইকিপিডিয়া এহান ইন্টানেটর উন্মুক্ত [[বিশ্বকোষ]]হান যেহান [[m:Complete list of language Wikipedias available|১০০হারউ গজে ঠারলো]] পানা য়্যাকরের। এহান যেগউ সম্পাদনা করানি পারতারা।</p> {| === ইনসাইক্লোপিডিয়া === |- | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" | width="10%" | [[Image:Nuvola apps kalzium.png|50px|Zienziah Naturaleh]] | width="90%" style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/new/গনিত|গনিত]] , [[Test-wp/new/প্রকৃতি|প্রকৃতি]] বারো [[Test-wp/new/বিজ্ঞান|বিজ্ঞান]]'''<br/> <font color="green"> [[Test-wp/new/পশু বিজ্ঞান|পশু বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/লুক বিজ্ঞান|লুক বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/জ্যামিতি|জ্যামিতি]] </font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps browser.png|50px|Zienziah Zozialeh]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/new/মানু|মানু]] বারো [[Test-wp/new/সমাজর বিজ্ঞান|সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] '''<br/><font color="green"> [[Test-wp/new/মানুর বিজ্ঞান|মানুর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/সমাজর বিজ্ঞান|সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/ভূগোল|ভূগোল]] - [[Test-wp/new/ধর্ম|ধর্ম]]</font> '''</big><br/> |} |} </div> <br> ---- <br> {{পয়লা পাতার মেথেল}} ==মেথেল== {{Mainpageindex}} ==উইকিপিডিয়ার বারাদে যেসাদেউ পাকরানি থক নিবন্ধ== {{উইকিপিডিয়া সম্পর্কে হারপিক}} ==আরআর ঠারে উইকিপিডিয়া== {{আরআর ঠারে উইকিপিডিয়া}} {| width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid #006699;" |- ! bgcolor="#D0E2EE" style="border-bottom:1px solid #006699; font: 125% Verdana; color:black" |Sister projects |- | bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="font: 95% Verdana;" align="left" |{{Wikipediasister}} |} <!-- interwiki --> [[als:]] [[ak:]] [[ar:]] [[as:]] [[bg:]] [[bh:]] [[bs:]] [[ca:]] [[cs:]] [[da:]] [[de:]] [[el:]] [[eo:]] [[en:]] [[es:]] [[fi:]] [[fr:]] [[fy:]] [[gu:]] [[he:]] [[hi:]] [[hr:]] [[hu:]] [[io:]] [[it:]] [[ja:]] [[ko:]] [[kn:]] [[ks:]] [[ku:]] [[lb:]] [[ml:]] [[mr:]] [[nds:]] [[ne:]] [[nl:]] [[no:]] [[or:]] [[pa:]] [[pl:]] [[pt:]] [[ro:]] [[ru:]] [[sa:]] [[sd:]] [[sk:]] [[sl:]] [[sr:]] [[sv:]] [[ta:]] [[te:]] [[tr:]] [[ur:]] [[uk:]] [[zh:]] 14 2006-07-12T04:04:46Z Usingha <div style="background-color:#FFFBF0; padding:10px; border:2px solid green;"> <p style="text-align: center"> <big>'''বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী ঠারর উইকিপিডিয়া'''</big> (''' Bishnupriya Manipuri Wikipedia''') </p> <p style="margin: 0.5em 0 0 3%; text-align: center; font-size: 125%; line-height: 1.3"> '''[[উইকিপিডিয়া]]'''-ত [[উইকিপেডিয়াত:স্বাগতম, নুওয়াতা|স্বাগতম]]। <p>উইকিপিডিয়া এহান ইন্টানেটর উন্মুক্ত [[বিশ্বকোষ]]হান যেহান [[m:Complete list of language Wikipedias available|১০০হারউ গজে ঠারলো]] পানা য়্যাকরের। এহান যেগউ সম্পাদনা করানি পারতারা।</p> {| === ইনসাইক্লোপিডিয়া === |- | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" | width="10%" | [[Image:Nuvola apps kalzium.png|50px|Zienziah Naturaleh]] | width="90%" style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/new/গনিত|গনিত]] , [[Test-wp/new/প্রকৃতি|প্রকৃতি]] বারো [[Test-wp/new/বিজ্ঞান|বিজ্ঞান]]'''<br/> <font color="green"> [[Test-wp/new/পশু বিজ্ঞান|পশু বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/লুক বিজ্ঞান|লুক বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/জ্যামিতি|জ্যামিতি]] </font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps browser.png|50px|Zienziah Zozialeh]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/new/মানু|মানু]] বারো [[Test-wp/new/সমাজর বিজ্ঞান|সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] '''<br/><font color="green"> [[Test-wp/new/মানুর বিজ্ঞান|মানুর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/সমাজর বিজ্ঞান|সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/ভূগোল|ভূগোল]] - [[Test-wp/new/ধর্ম|ধর্ম]]</font> '''</big><br/> |} |} {| width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid #006699;" |- ! bgcolor="#D0E2EE" style="border-bottom:1px solid #006699; font: 125% Verdana; color:black" |Sister projects |- | bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="font: 95% Verdana;" align="left" |{{Wikipediasister}} |} </div> <br> ---- <br> {{পয়লা পাতার মেথেল}} ==মেথেল== {{Mainpageindex}} ==উইকিপিডিয়ার বারাদে যেসাদেউ পাকরানি থক নিবন্ধ== {{উইকিপিডিয়া সম্পর্কে হারপিক}} ==আরআর ঠারে উইকিপিডিয়া== {{আরআর ঠারে উইকিপিডিয়া}} <!-- interwiki --> [[als:]] [[ak:]] [[ar:]] [[as:]] [[bg:]] [[bh:]] [[bs:]] [[ca:]] [[cs:]] [[da:]] [[de:]] [[el:]] [[eo:]] [[en:]] [[es:]] [[fi:]] [[fr:]] [[fy:]] [[gu:]] [[he:]] [[hi:]] [[hr:]] [[hu:]] [[io:]] [[it:]] [[ja:]] [[ko:]] [[kn:]] [[ks:]] [[ku:]] [[lb:]] [[ml:]] [[mr:]] [[nds:]] [[ne:]] [[nl:]] [[no:]] [[or:]] [[pa:]] [[pl:]] [[pt:]] [[ro:]] [[ru:]] [[sa:]] [[sd:]] [[sk:]] [[sl:]] [[sr:]] [[sv:]] [[ta:]] [[te:]] [[tr:]] [[ur:]] [[uk:]] [[zh:]] 15 2006-07-12T04:05:34Z Usingha <div style="background-color:#FFFBF0; padding:10px; border:2px solid green;"> <p style="text-align: center"> <big>'''বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী ঠারর উইকিপিডিয়া'''</big> (''' Bishnupriya Manipuri Wikipedia''') </p> <p style="margin: 0.5em 0 0 3%; text-align: center; font-size: 125%; line-height: 1.3"> '''[[উইকিপিডিয়া]]'''-ত [[উইকিপেডিয়াত:স্বাগতম, নুওয়াতা|স্বাগতম]]। <p>উইকিপিডিয়া এহান ইন্টানেটর উন্মুক্ত [[বিশ্বকোষ]]হান যেহান [[m:Complete list of language Wikipedias available|১০০হারউ গজে ঠারলো]] পানা য়্যাকরের। এহান যেগউ সম্পাদনা করানি পারতারা।</p> {| === ইনসাইক্লোপিডিয়া === |- | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" | width="10%" | [[Image:Nuvola apps kalzium.png|50px|Zienziah Naturaleh]] | width="90%" style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/new/গনিত|গনিত]] , [[Test-wp/new/প্রকৃতি|প্রকৃতি]] বারো [[Test-wp/new/বিজ্ঞান|বিজ্ঞান]]'''<br/> <font color="green"> [[Test-wp/new/পশু বিজ্ঞান|পশু বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/লুক বিজ্ঞান|লুক বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/জ্যামিতি|জ্যামিতি]] </font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps browser.png|50px|Zienziah Zozialeh]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/new/মানু|মানু]] বারো [[Test-wp/new/সমাজর বিজ্ঞান|সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] '''<br/><font color="green"> [[Test-wp/new/মানুর বিজ্ঞান|মানুর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/সমাজর বিজ্ঞান|সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/ভূগোল|ভূগোল]] - [[Test-wp/new/ধর্ম|ধর্ম]]</font> '''</big><br/> |} |} </div> <br> ---- <br> {{পয়লা পাতার মেথেল}} ==মেথেল== {{Mainpageindex}} ==উইকিপিডিয়ার বারাদে যেসাদেউ পাকরানি থক নিবন্ধ== {{উইকিপিডিয়া সম্পর্কে হারপিক}} ==আরআর ঠারে উইকিপিডিয়া== {{আরআর ঠারে উইকিপিডিয়া}} <!-- interwiki --> [[als:]] [[ak:]] [[ar:]] [[as:]] [[bg:]] [[bh:]] [[bs:]] [[ca:]] [[cs:]] [[da:]] [[de:]] [[el:]] [[eo:]] [[en:]] [[es:]] [[fi:]] [[fr:]] [[fy:]] [[gu:]] [[he:]] [[hi:]] [[hr:]] [[hu:]] [[io:]] [[it:]] [[ja:]] [[ko:]] [[kn:]] [[ks:]] [[ku:]] [[lb:]] [[ml:]] [[mr:]] [[nds:]] [[ne:]] [[nl:]] [[no:]] [[or:]] [[pa:]] [[pl:]] [[pt:]] [[ro:]] [[ru:]] [[sa:]] [[sd:]] [[sk:]] [[sl:]] [[sr:]] [[sv:]] [[ta:]] [[te:]] [[tr:]] [[ur:]] [[uk:]] [[zh:]] {| width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid #006699;" |- ! bgcolor="#D0E2EE" style="border-bottom:1px solid #006699; font: 125% Verdana; color:black" |Sister projects |- | bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="font: 95% Verdana;" align="left" |{{Wikipediasister}} |} 16 2006-07-12T04:07:20Z Usingha /* আরআর ঠারে উইকিপিডিয়া */ <div style="background-color:#FFFBF0; padding:10px; border:2px solid green;"> <p style="text-align: center"> <big>'''বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী ঠারর উইকিপিডিয়া'''</big> (''' Bishnupriya Manipuri Wikipedia''') </p> <p style="margin: 0.5em 0 0 3%; text-align: center; font-size: 125%; line-height: 1.3"> '''[[উইকিপিডিয়া]]'''-ত [[উইকিপেডিয়াত:স্বাগতম, নুওয়াতা|স্বাগতম]]। <p>উইকিপিডিয়া এহান ইন্টানেটর উন্মুক্ত [[বিশ্বকোষ]]হান যেহান [[m:Complete list of language Wikipedias available|১০০হারউ গজে ঠারলো]] পানা য়্যাকরের। এহান যেগউ সম্পাদনা করানি পারতারা।</p> {| === ইনসাইক্লোপিডিয়া === |- | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" | width="10%" | [[Image:Nuvola apps kalzium.png|50px|Zienziah Naturaleh]] | width="90%" style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/new/গনিত|গনিত]] , [[Test-wp/new/প্রকৃতি|প্রকৃতি]] বারো [[Test-wp/new/বিজ্ঞান|বিজ্ঞান]]'''<br/> <font color="green"> [[Test-wp/new/পশু বিজ্ঞান|পশু বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/লুক বিজ্ঞান|লুক বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/জ্যামিতি|জ্যামিতি]] </font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps browser.png|50px|Zienziah Zozialeh]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/new/মানু|মানু]] বারো [[Test-wp/new/সমাজর বিজ্ঞান|সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] '''<br/><font color="green"> [[Test-wp/new/মানুর বিজ্ঞান|মানুর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/সমাজর বিজ্ঞান|সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/ভূগোল|ভূগোল]] - [[Test-wp/new/ধর্ম|ধর্ম]]</font> '''</big><br/> |} |} </div> <br> ---- <br> {{পয়লা পাতার মেথেল}} ==মেথেল== {{Mainpageindex}} ==উইকিপিডিয়ার বারাদে যেসাদেউ পাকরানি থক নিবন্ধ== {{উইকিপিডিয়া সম্পর্কে হারপিক}} ==আরআর ঠারে উইকিপিডিয়া== {{আরআর ঠারে উইকিপিডিয়া}} <!-- interwiki --> [[als:]] [[ak:]] [[ar:]] [[as:]] [[bg:]] [[bh:]] [[bs:]] [[ca:]] [[cs:]] [[da:]] [[de:]] [[el:]] [[eo:]] [[en:]] [[es:]] [[fi:]] [[fr:]] [[fy:]] [[gu:]] [[he:]] [[hi:]] [[hr:]] [[hu:]] [[io:]] [[it:]] [[ja:]] [[ko:]] [[kn:]] [[ks:]] [[ku:]] [[lb:]] [[ml:]] [[mr:]] [[nds:]] [[ne:]] [[nl:]] [[no:]] [[or:]] [[pa:]] [[pl:]] [[pt:]] [[ro:]] [[ru:]] [[sa:]] [[sd:]] [[sk:]] [[sl:]] [[sr:]] [[sv:]] [[ta:]] [[te:]] [[tr:]] [[ur:]] [[uk:]] [[zh:]] {| width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid #006699;" |- ! bgcolor="#D0E2EE" style="border-bottom:1px solid #006699; font: 125% Verdana; color:black" |Sister projects |- | bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="font: 95% Verdana;" align="left" |{{{Wikipediasister}}} |} 17 2006-07-12T04:07:43Z Usingha /* আরআর ঠারে উইকিপিডিয়া */ <div style="background-color:#FFFBF0; padding:10px; border:2px solid green;"> <p style="text-align: center"> <big>'''বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী ঠারর উইকিপিডিয়া'''</big> (''' Bishnupriya Manipuri Wikipedia''') </p> <p style="margin: 0.5em 0 0 3%; text-align: center; font-size: 125%; line-height: 1.3"> '''[[উইকিপিডিয়া]]'''-ত [[উইকিপেডিয়াত:স্বাগতম, নুওয়াতা|স্বাগতম]]। <p>উইকিপিডিয়া এহান ইন্টানেটর উন্মুক্ত [[বিশ্বকোষ]]হান যেহান [[m:Complete list of language Wikipedias available|১০০হারউ গজে ঠারলো]] পানা য়্যাকরের। এহান যেগউ সম্পাদনা করানি পারতারা।</p> {| === ইনসাইক্লোপিডিয়া === |- | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" | width="10%" | [[Image:Nuvola apps kalzium.png|50px|Zienziah Naturaleh]] | width="90%" style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/new/গনিত|গনিত]] , [[Test-wp/new/প্রকৃতি|প্রকৃতি]] বারো [[Test-wp/new/বিজ্ঞান|বিজ্ঞান]]'''<br/> <font color="green"> [[Test-wp/new/পশু বিজ্ঞান|পশু বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/লুক বিজ্ঞান|লুক বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/জ্যামিতি|জ্যামিতি]] </font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps browser.png|50px|Zienziah Zozialeh]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/new/মানু|মানু]] বারো [[Test-wp/new/সমাজর বিজ্ঞান|সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] '''<br/><font color="green"> [[Test-wp/new/মানুর বিজ্ঞান|মানুর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/সমাজর বিজ্ঞান|সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/ভূগোল|ভূগোল]] - [[Test-wp/new/ধর্ম|ধর্ম]]</font> '''</big><br/> |} |} </div> <br> ---- <br> {{পয়লা পাতার মেথেল}} ==মেথেল== {{Mainpageindex}} ==উইকিপিডিয়ার বারাদে যেসাদেউ পাকরানি থক নিবন্ধ== {{উইকিপিডিয়া সম্পর্কে হারপিক}} ==আরআর ঠারে উইকিপিডিয়া== {{আরআর ঠারে উইকিপিডিয়া}} <!-- interwiki --> [[als:]] [[ak:]] [[ar:]] [[as:]] [[bg:]] [[bh:]] [[bs:]] [[ca:]] [[cs:]] [[da:]] [[de:]] [[el:]] [[eo:]] [[en:]] [[es:]] [[fi:]] [[fr:]] [[fy:]] [[gu:]] [[he:]] [[hi:]] [[hr:]] [[hu:]] [[io:]] [[it:]] [[ja:]] [[ko:]] [[kn:]] [[ks:]] [[ku:]] [[lb:]] [[ml:]] [[mr:]] [[nds:]] [[ne:]] [[nl:]] [[no:]] [[or:]] [[pa:]] [[pl:]] [[pt:]] [[ro:]] [[ru:]] [[sa:]] [[sd:]] [[sk:]] [[sl:]] [[sr:]] [[sv:]] [[ta:]] [[te:]] [[tr:]] [[ur:]] [[uk:]] [[zh:]] {| width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid #006699;" |- ! bgcolor="#D0E2EE" style="border-bottom:1px solid #006699; font: 125% Verdana; color:black" |Sister projects |- | bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="font: 95% Verdana;" align="left" |{{Wikipediasister}} |} 18 2006-07-12T04:12:33Z Usingha /* আরআর ঠারে উইকিপিডিয়া */ <div style="background-color:#FFFBF0; padding:10px; border:2px solid green;"> <p style="text-align: center"> <big>'''বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী ঠারর উইকিপিডিয়া'''</big> (''' Bishnupriya Manipuri Wikipedia''') </p> <p style="margin: 0.5em 0 0 3%; text-align: center; font-size: 125%; line-height: 1.3"> '''[[উইকিপিডিয়া]]'''-ত [[উইকিপেডিয়াত:স্বাগতম, নুওয়াতা|স্বাগতম]]। <p>উইকিপিডিয়া এহান ইন্টানেটর উন্মুক্ত [[বিশ্বকোষ]]হান যেহান [[m:Complete list of language Wikipedias available|১০০হারউ গজে ঠারলো]] পানা য়্যাকরের। এহান যেগউ সম্পাদনা করানি পারতারা।</p> {| === ইনসাইক্লোপিডিয়া === |- | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" | width="10%" | [[Image:Nuvola apps kalzium.png|50px|Zienziah Naturaleh]] | width="90%" style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/new/গনিত|গনিত]] , [[Test-wp/new/প্রকৃতি|প্রকৃতি]] বারো [[Test-wp/new/বিজ্ঞান|বিজ্ঞান]]'''<br/> <font color="green"> [[Test-wp/new/পশু বিজ্ঞান|পশু বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/লুক বিজ্ঞান|লুক বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/জ্যামিতি|জ্যামিতি]] </font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps browser.png|50px|Zienziah Zozialeh]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/new/মানু|মানু]] বারো [[Test-wp/new/সমাজর বিজ্ঞান|সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] '''<br/><font color="green"> [[Test-wp/new/মানুর বিজ্ঞান|মানুর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/সমাজর বিজ্ঞান|সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/ভূগোল|ভূগোল]] - [[Test-wp/new/ধর্ম|ধর্ম]]</font> '''</big><br/> |} |} </div> <br> ---- <br> {{পয়লা পাতার মেথেল}} ==মেথেল== {{Mainpageindex}} ==উইকিপিডিয়ার বারাদে যেসাদেউ পাকরানি থক নিবন্ধ== {{উইকিপিডিয়া সম্পর্কে হারপিক}} ==আরআর ঠারে উইকিপিডিয়া== {{আরআর ঠারে উইকিপিডিয়া}} <h3 id="sister">विकिपिडियायागु भातृ ज्याखंत: </h3> विकिपिडियायागु संचालन अमेरिकायागु फ्लोरिडाले दर्ता जुगु लव मवैगु गुठि [[विकिमिडिया|विकिमिडिया फाउन्डेसन]]नं याई| थ्व गुठिं मेमेगु [[विकिपिडिया:बहुभाषिक समन्वय|बहुभाषिक]] व [[विकिपिडिया:प्रतिलिपिअधिकार|खुला-सामाग्री]] ज्याखं नं संचालन यानाच्वंगु दु| {| align="center" cellpadding="2" width="100%" |- valign="top" | colspan="3" | '''भातृ परियोजनाहरु:''' |- | [[Image:Wikimedia-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[m:Main Page|'''मेटा-विकि''']]<br /> सकल विकिपिडिया परियोजनातेगु समन्वय | [[Image:Wiktionary-logo-en.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[wikt:|'''विकिखंग्वसफु''']]<br />खंग्वसफु | [[Image:Commons-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[commons:|'''विकिमीडिया कमन्स''']]<br />बायातगु सामाग्रीतेगु धुकु | [[Image:Wikibooks-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[b:|'''विकिसफु''']]<br />सितिंगु सफुधुकु |- | [[Image:Wikiquote-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[q:|'''विकिधापु''']]<br />धापुयु मंका | [[Image:Wikisource-logo.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[wikisource:|'''विकिश्रोत''']]<br />मपंगु-श्रोत कागजात | [[Image:Wikispecies-logo.png|35px|Wikispecies]] | [[Wikispecies:|'''विकिप्रजाती''']]<br />प्रजातीतेगु डाइरेक्त्री | [[Image:Wikinews-logo.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[n:|'''विकिबुखं''']]<br />सितिंगु बुखं |} [[Category:Test-wp]] <!-- interwiki --> [[als:]] [[ak:]] [[ar:]] [[as:]] [[bg:]] [[bh:]] [[bs:]] [[ca:]] [[cs:]] [[da:]] [[de:]] [[el:]] [[eo:]] [[en:]] [[es:]] [[fi:]] [[fr:]] [[fy:]] [[gu:]] [[he:]] [[hi:]] [[hr:]] [[hu:]] [[io:]] [[it:]] [[ja:]] [[ko:]] [[kn:]] [[ks:]] [[ku:]] [[lb:]] [[ml:]] [[mr:]] [[nds:]] [[ne:]] [[nl:]] [[no:]] [[or:]] [[pa:]] [[pl:]] [[pt:]] [[ro:]] [[ru:]] [[sa:]] [[sd:]] [[sk:]] [[sl:]] [[sr:]] [[sv:]] [[ta:]] [[te:]] [[tr:]] [[ur:]] [[uk:]] [[zh:]] 19 2006-07-12T04:13:35Z Usingha <div style="background-color:#FFFBF0; padding:10px; border:2px solid green;"> <p style="text-align: center"> <big>'''বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী ঠারর উইকিপিডিয়া'''</big> (''' Bishnupriya Manipuri Wikipedia''') </p> <p style="margin: 0.5em 0 0 3%; text-align: center; font-size: 125%; line-height: 1.3"> '''[[উইকিপিডিয়া]]'''-ত [[উইকিপেডিয়াত:স্বাগতম, নুওয়াতা|স্বাগতম]]। <p>উইকিপিডিয়া এহান ইন্টানেটর উন্মুক্ত [[বিশ্বকোষ]]হান যেহান [[m:Complete list of language Wikipedias available|১০০হারউ গজে ঠারলো]] পানা য়্যাকরের। এহান যেগউ সম্পাদনা করানি পারতারা।</p> {| === ইনসাইক্লোপিডিয়া === |- | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" | width="10%" | [[Image:Nuvola apps kalzium.png|50px|Zienziah Naturaleh]] | width="90%" style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/new/গনিত|গনিত]] , [[Test-wp/new/প্রকৃতি|প্রকৃতি]] বারো [[Test-wp/new/বিজ্ঞান|বিজ্ঞান]]'''<br/> <font color="green"> [[Test-wp/new/পশু বিজ্ঞান|পশু বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/লুক বিজ্ঞান|লুক বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/জ্যামিতি|জ্যামিতি]] </font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps browser.png|50px|Zienziah Zozialeh]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/new/মানু|মানু]] বারো [[Test-wp/new/সমাজর বিজ্ঞান|সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] '''<br/><font color="green"> [[Test-wp/new/মানুর বিজ্ঞান|মানুর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/সমাজর বিজ্ঞান|সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/ভূগোল|ভূগোল]] - [[Test-wp/new/ধর্ম|ধর্ম]]</font> '''</big><br/> |} |} </div> <br> ---- <br> {{পয়লা পাতার মেথেল}} ==মেথেল== {{Mainpageindex}} ==উইকিপিডিয়ার বারাদে যেসাদেউ পাকরানি থক নিবন্ধ== {{উইকিপিডিয়া সম্পর্কে হারপিক}} ==আরআর ঠারে উইকিপিডিয়া== {{আরআর ঠারে উইকিপিডিয়া}} <!-- interwiki --> [[als:]] [[ak:]] [[ar:]] [[as:]] [[bg:]] [[bh:]] [[bs:]] [[ca:]] [[cs:]] [[da:]] [[de:]] [[el:]] [[eo:]] [[en:]] [[es:]] [[fi:]] [[fr:]] [[fy:]] [[gu:]] [[he:]] [[hi:]] [[hr:]] [[hu:]] [[io:]] [[it:]] [[ja:]] [[ko:]] [[kn:]] [[ks:]] [[ku:]] [[lb:]] [[ml:]] [[mr:]] [[nds:]] [[ne:]] [[nl:]] [[no:]] [[or:]] [[pa:]] [[pl:]] [[pt:]] [[ro:]] [[ru:]] [[sa:]] [[sd:]] [[sk:]] [[sl:]] [[sr:]] [[sv:]] [[ta:]] [[te:]] [[tr:]] [[ur:]] [[uk:]] [[zh:]] 20 2006-07-12T04:13:56Z Usingha <div style="background-color:#FFFBF0; padding:10px; border:2px solid green;"> <p style="text-align: center"> <big>'''বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী ঠারর উইকিপিডিয়া'''</big> (''' Bishnupriya Manipuri Wikipedia''') </p> <p style="margin: 0.5em 0 0 3%; text-align: center; font-size: 125%; line-height: 1.3"> '''[[উইকিপিডিয়া]]'''-ত [[উইকিপেডিয়াত:স্বাগতম, নুওয়াতা|স্বাগতম]]। <p>উইকিপিডিয়া এহান ইন্টানেটর উন্মুক্ত [[বিশ্বকোষ]]হান যেহান [[m:Complete list of language Wikipedias available|১০০হারউ গজে ঠারলো]] পানা য়্যাকরের। এহান যেগউ সম্পাদনা করানি পারতারা।</p> {| === ইনসাইক্লোপিডিয়া === |- | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" | width="10%" | [[Image:Nuvola apps kalzium.png|50px|Zienziah Naturaleh]] | width="90%" style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/new/গনিত|গনিত]] , [[Test-wp/new/প্রকৃতি|প্রকৃতি]] বারো [[Test-wp/new/বিজ্ঞান|বিজ্ঞান]]'''<br/> <font color="green"> [[Test-wp/new/পশু বিজ্ঞান|পশু বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/লুক বিজ্ঞান|লুক বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/জ্যামিতি|জ্যামিতি]] </font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps browser.png|50px|Zienziah Zozialeh]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/new/মানু|মানু]] বারো [[Test-wp/new/সমাজর বিজ্ঞান|সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] '''<br/><font color="green"> [[Test-wp/new/মানুর বিজ্ঞান|মানুর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/সমাজর বিজ্ঞান|সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/ভূগোল|ভূগোল]] - [[Test-wp/new/ধর্ম|ধর্ম]]</font> '''</big><br/> |} |} </div> <br> ---- <br> {{পয়লা পাতার মেথেল}} ==মেথেল== {{Mainpageindex}} ==উইকিপিডিয়ার বারাদে যেসাদেউ পাকরানি থক নিবন্ধ== {{উইকিপিডিয়া সম্পর্কে হারপিক}} ==আরআর ঠারে উইকিপিডিয়া== {{আরআর ঠারে উইকিপিডিয়া}} <!-- interwiki --> [[als:]] [[ak:]] [[ar:]] [[as:]] [[bg:]] [[bh:]] [[bs:]] [[ca:]] [[cs:]] [[da:]] [[de:]] [[el:]] [[eo:]] [[en:]] [[es:]] [[fi:]] [[fr:]] [[fy:]] [[gu:]] [[he:]] [[hi:]] [[hr:]] [[hu:]] [[io:]] [[it:]] [[ja:]] [[ko:]] [[kn:]] [[ks:]] [[ku:]] [[lb:]] [[ml:]] [[mr:]] [[nds:]] [[ne:]] [[nl:]] [[no:]] [[or:]] [[pa:]] [[pl:]] [[pt:]] [[ro:]] [[ru:]] [[sa:]] [[sd:]] [[sk:]] [[sl:]] [[sr:]] [[sv:]] [[ta:]] [[te:]] [[tr:]] [[ur:]] [[uk:]] [[zh:]] <h3 id="sister">विकिपिडियायागु भातृ ज्याखंत: </h3> विकिपिडियायागु संचालन अमेरिकायागु फ्लोरिडाले दर्ता जुगु लव मवैगु गुठि [[विकिमिडिया|विकिमिडिया फाउन्डेसन]]नं याई| थ्व गुठिं मेमेगु [[विकिपिडिया:बहुभाषिक समन्वय|बहुभाषिक]] व [[विकिपिडिया:प्रतिलिपिअधिकार|खुला-सामाग्री]] ज्याखं नं संचालन यानाच्वंगु दु| {| align="center" cellpadding="2" width="100%" |- valign="top" | colspan="3" | '''भातृ परियोजनाहरु:''' |- | [[Image:Wikimedia-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[m:Main Page|'''मेटा-विकि''']]<br /> सकल विकिपिडिया परियोजनातेगु समन्वय | [[Image:Wiktionary-logo-en.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[wikt:|'''विकिखंग्वसफु''']]<br />खंग्वसफु | [[Image:Commons-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[commons:|'''विकिमीडिया कमन्स''']]<br />बायातगु सामाग्रीतेगु धुकु | [[Image:Wikibooks-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[b:|'''विकिसफु''']]<br />सितिंगु सफुधुकु |- | [[Image:Wikiquote-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[q:|'''विकिधापु''']]<br />धापुयु मंका | [[Image:Wikisource-logo.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[wikisource:|'''विकिश्रोत''']]<br />मपंगु-श्रोत कागजात | [[Image:Wikispecies-logo.png|35px|Wikispecies]] | [[Wikispecies:|'''विकिप्रजाती''']]<br />प्रजातीतेगु डाइरेक्त्री | [[Image:Wikinews-logo.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[n:|'''विकिबुखं''']]<br />सितिंगु बुखं |} [[Category:Test-wp]] 21 2006-07-12T04:21:46Z Usingha <div style="background-color:#FFFBF0; padding:10px; border:2px solid green;"> <p style="text-align: center"> <big>'''বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী ঠারর উইকিপিডিয়া'''</big> (''' Bishnupriya Manipuri Wikipedia''') </p> <p style="margin: 0.5em 0 0 3%; text-align: center; font-size: 125%; line-height: 1.3"> '''[[উইকিপিডিয়া]]'''-ত [[উইকিপেডিয়াত:স্বাগতম, নুওয়াতা|স্বাগতম]]। <p>উইকিপিডিয়া এহান ইন্টানেটর উন্মুক্ত [[বিশ্বকোষ]]হান যেহান [[m:Complete list of language Wikipedias available|১০০হারউ গজে ঠারলো]] পানা য়্যাকরের। এহান যেগউ সম্পাদনা করানি পারতারা।</p> {| === ইনসাইক্লোপিডিয়া === |- | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" | width="10%" | [[Image:Nuvola apps kalzium.png|50px|Zienziah Naturaleh]] | width="90%" style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/new/গনিত|গনিত]] , [[Test-wp/new/প্রকৃতি|প্রকৃতি]] বারো [[Test-wp/new/বিজ্ঞান|বিজ্ঞান]]'''<br/> <font color="green"> [[Test-wp/new/পশু বিজ্ঞান|পশু বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/লুক বিজ্ঞান|লুক বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/জ্যামিতি|জ্যামিতি]] </font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps browser.png|50px|Zienziah Zozialeh]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/new/মানু|মানু]] বারো [[Test-wp/new/সমাজর বিজ্ঞান|সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] '''<br/><font color="green"> [[Test-wp/new/মানুর বিজ্ঞান|মানুর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/সমাজর বিজ্ঞান|সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/ভূগোল|ভূগোল]] - [[Test-wp/new/ধর্ম|ধর্ম]]</font> '''</big><br/> |} |} </div> <br> ---- <br> {{পয়লা পাতার মেথেল}} ==মেথেল== {{Mainpageindex}} ==উইকিপিডিয়ার বারাদে যেসাদেউ পাকরানি থক নিবন্ধ== {{উইকিপিডিয়া সম্পর্কে হারপিক}} ==আরআর ঠারে উইকিপিডিয়া== {{আরআর ঠারে উইকিপিডিয়া}} <!-- interwiki --> [[als:]] [[ak:]] [[ar:]] [[as:]] [[bg:]] [[bh:]] [[bs:]] [[ca:]] [[cs:]] [[da:]] [[de:]] [[el:]] [[eo:]] [[en:]] [[es:]] [[fi:]] [[fr:]] [[fy:]] [[gu:]] [[he:]] [[hi:]] [[hr:]] [[hu:]] [[io:]] [[it:]] [[ja:]] [[ko:]] [[kn:]] [[ks:]] [[ku:]] [[lb:]] [[ml:]] [[mr:]] [[nds:]] [[ne:]] [[nl:]] [[no:]] [[or:]] [[pa:]] [[pl:]] [[pt:]] [[ro:]] [[ru:]] [[sa:]] [[sd:]] [[sk:]] [[sl:]] [[sr:]] [[sv:]] [[ta:]] [[te:]] [[tr:]] [[ur:]] [[uk:]] [[zh:]] ==== <h3 id="sister">উইকিপিডিয়ার আরআর প্রকল্প: </h3> উইকিপিডিয়া বাদেউ বেলাভ প্রতিষ্ঠান উইকিমিডিয়া ফাউন্ডেশন আরাকউ আক্কুস ঠার বারো উদুঙ-দুয়া প্রকল্পনো কাম করের: {| align="center" cellpadding="2" width="100%" |- valign="top" | colspan="3" | '''भातृ परियोजनाहरु:''' |- | [[Image:Wikimedia-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[m:Main Page|'''मेटा-विकि''']]<br /> सकल विकिपिडिया परियोजनातेगु समन्वय | [[Image:Wiktionary-logo-en.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[wikt:|'''विकिखंग्वसफु''']]<br />खंग्वसफु | [[Image:Commons-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[commons:|'''विकिमीडिया कमन्स''']]<br />बायातगु सामाग्रीतेगु धुकु | [[Image:Wikibooks-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[b:|'''विकिसफु''']]<br />सितिंगु सफुधुकु |- | [[Image:Wikiquote-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[q:|'''विकिधापु''']]<br />धापुयु मंका | [[Image:Wikisource-logo.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[wikisource:|'''विकिश्रोत''']]<br />मपंगु-श्रोत कागजात | [[Image:Wikispecies-logo.png|35px|Wikispecies]] | [[Wikispecies:|'''विकिप्रजाती''']]<br />प्रजातीतेगु डाइरेक्त्री | [[Image:Wikinews-logo.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[n:|'''विकिबुखं''']]<br />सितिंगु बुखं |} [[Category:Test-wp]] 22 2006-07-12T04:22:33Z Usingha <div style="background-color:#FFFBF0; padding:10px; border:2px solid green;"> <p style="text-align: center"> <big>'''বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী ঠারর উইকিপিডিয়া'''</big> (''' Bishnupriya Manipuri Wikipedia''') </p> <p style="margin: 0.5em 0 0 3%; text-align: center; font-size: 125%; line-height: 1.3"> '''[[উইকিপিডিয়া]]'''-ত [[উইকিপেডিয়াত:স্বাগতম, নুওয়াতা|স্বাগতম]]। <p>উইকিপিডিয়া এহান ইন্টানেটর উন্মুক্ত [[বিশ্বকোষ]]হান যেহান [[m:Complete list of language Wikipedias available|১০০হারউ গজে ঠারলো]] পানা য়্যাকরের। এহান যেগউ সম্পাদনা করানি পারতারা।</p> {| === ইনসাইক্লোপিডিয়া === |- | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" | width="10%" | [[Image:Nuvola apps kalzium.png|50px|Zienziah Naturaleh]] | width="90%" style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/new/গনিত|গনিত]] , [[Test-wp/new/প্রকৃতি|প্রকৃতি]] বারো [[Test-wp/new/বিজ্ঞান|বিজ্ঞান]]'''<br/> <font color="green"> [[Test-wp/new/পশু বিজ্ঞান|পশু বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/লুক বিজ্ঞান|লুক বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/জ্যামিতি|জ্যামিতি]] </font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps browser.png|50px|Zienziah Zozialeh]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/new/মানু|মানু]] বারো [[Test-wp/new/সমাজর বিজ্ঞান|সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] '''<br/><font color="green"> [[Test-wp/new/মানুর বিজ্ঞান|মানুর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/সমাজর বিজ্ঞান|সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/ভূগোল|ভূগোল]] - [[Test-wp/new/ধর্ম|ধর্ম]]</font> '''</big><br/> |} |} </div> <br> ---- <br> {{পয়লা পাতার মেথেল}} ==মেথেল== {{Mainpageindex}} ==উইকিপিডিয়ার বারাদে যেসাদেউ পাকরানি থক নিবন্ধ== {{উইকিপিডিয়া সম্পর্কে হারপিক}} ==আরআর ঠারে উইকিপিডিয়া== {{আরআর ঠারে উইকিপিডিয়া}} <!-- interwiki --> [[als:]] [[ak:]] [[ar:]] [[as:]] [[bg:]] [[bh:]] [[bs:]] [[ca:]] [[cs:]] [[da:]] [[de:]] [[el:]] [[eo:]] [[en:]] [[es:]] [[fi:]] [[fr:]] [[fy:]] [[gu:]] [[he:]] [[hi:]] [[hr:]] [[hu:]] [[io:]] [[it:]] [[ja:]] [[ko:]] [[kn:]] [[ks:]] [[ku:]] [[lb:]] [[ml:]] [[mr:]] [[nds:]] [[ne:]] [[nl:]] [[no:]] [[or:]] [[pa:]] [[pl:]] [[pt:]] [[ro:]] [[ru:]] [[sa:]] [[sd:]] [[sk:]] [[sl:]] [[sr:]] [[sv:]] [[ta:]] [[te:]] [[tr:]] [[ur:]] [[uk:]] [[zh:]] == <h3 id="sister">উইকিপিডিয়ার আরআর প্রকল্প: </h3> উইকিপিডিয়া বাদেউ বেলাভ প্রতিষ্ঠান উইকিমিডিয়া ফাউন্ডেশন আরাকউ আক্কুস ঠার বারো উদুঙ-দুয়া প্রকল্পনো কাম করের: {| align="center" cellpadding="2" width="100%" |- valign="top" | colspan="3" | '''भातृ परियोजनाहरु:''' |- | [[Image:Wikimedia-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[m:Main Page|'''मेटा-विकि''']]<br /> सकल विकिपिडिया परियोजनातेगु समन्वय | [[Image:Wiktionary-logo-en.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[wikt:|'''विकिखंग्वसफु''']]<br />खंग्वसफु | [[Image:Commons-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[commons:|'''विकिमीडिया कमन्स''']]<br />बायातगु सामाग्रीतेगु धुकु | [[Image:Wikibooks-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[b:|'''विकिसफु''']]<br />सितिंगु सफुधुकु |- | [[Image:Wikiquote-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[q:|'''विकिधापु''']]<br />धापुयु मंका | [[Image:Wikisource-logo.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[wikisource:|'''विकिश्रोत''']]<br />मपंगु-श्रोत कागजात | [[Image:Wikispecies-logo.png|35px|Wikispecies]] | [[Wikispecies:|'''विकिप्रजाती''']]<br />प्रजातीतेगु डाइरेक्त्री | [[Image:Wikinews-logo.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[n:|'''विकिबुखं''']]<br />सितिंगु बुखं |} [[Category:Test-wp]] 23 2006-07-12T04:24:01Z Usingha <div style="background-color:#FFFBF0; padding:10px; border:2px solid green;"> <p style="text-align: center"> <big>'''বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী ঠারর উইকিপিডিয়া'''</big> (''' Bishnupriya Manipuri Wikipedia''') </p> <p style="margin: 0.5em 0 0 3%; text-align: center; font-size: 125%; line-height: 1.3"> '''[[উইকিপিডিয়া]]'''-ত [[উইকিপেডিয়াত:স্বাগতম, নুওয়াতা|স্বাগতম]]। <p>উইকিপিডিয়া এহান ইন্টানেটর উন্মুক্ত [[বিশ্বকোষ]]হান যেহান [[m:Complete list of language Wikipedias available|১০০হারউ গজে ঠারলো]] পানা য়্যাকরের। এহান যেগউ সম্পাদনা করানি পারতারা।</p> {| === ইনসাইক্লোপিডিয়া === |- | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" | width="10%" | [[Image:Nuvola apps kalzium.png|50px|Zienziah Naturaleh]] | width="90%" style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/new/গনিত|গনিত]] , [[Test-wp/new/প্রকৃতি|প্রকৃতি]] বারো [[Test-wp/new/বিজ্ঞান|বিজ্ঞান]]'''<br/> <font color="green"> [[Test-wp/new/পশু বিজ্ঞান|পশু বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/লুক বিজ্ঞান|লুক বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/জ্যামিতি|জ্যামিতি]] </font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps browser.png|50px|Zienziah Zozialeh]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/new/মানু|মানু]] বারো [[Test-wp/new/সমাজর বিজ্ঞান|সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] '''<br/><font color="green"> [[Test-wp/new/মানুর বিজ্ঞান|মানুর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/সমাজর বিজ্ঞান|সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/ভূগোল|ভূগোল]] - [[Test-wp/new/ধর্ম|ধর্ম]]</font> '''</big><br/> |} |} </div> <br> ---- <br> {{পয়লা পাতার মেথেল}} ==মেথেল== {{Mainpageindex}} ==উইকিপিডিয়ার বারাদে যেসাদেউ পাকরানি থক নিবন্ধ== {{উইকিপিডিয়া সম্পর্কে হারপিক}} ==আরআর ঠারে উইকিপিডিয়া== {{আরআর ঠারে উইকিপিডিয়া}} <!-- interwiki --> [[als:]] [[ak:]] [[ar:]] [[as:]] [[bg:]] [[bh:]] [[bs:]] [[ca:]] [[cs:]] [[da:]] [[de:]] [[el:]] [[eo:]] [[en:]] [[es:]] [[fi:]] [[fr:]] [[fy:]] [[gu:]] [[he:]] [[hi:]] [[hr:]] [[hu:]] [[io:]] [[it:]] [[ja:]] [[ko:]] [[kn:]] [[ks:]] [[ku:]] [[lb:]] [[ml:]] [[mr:]] [[nds:]] [[ne:]] [[nl:]] [[no:]] [[or:]] [[pa:]] [[pl:]] [[pt:]] [[ro:]] [[ru:]] [[sa:]] [[sd:]] [[sk:]] [[sl:]] [[sr:]] [[sv:]] [[ta:]] [[te:]] [[tr:]] [[ur:]] [[uk:]] [[zh:]] ==উইকিপিডিয়ার আরআর প্রকল্প:== <h3 id="sister">উইকিপিডিয়ার আরআর প্রকল্প: </h3> উইকিপিডিয়া বাদেউ বেলাভ প্রতিষ্ঠান উইকিমিডিয়া ফাউন্ডেশন আরাকউ আক্কুস ঠার বারো উদুঙ-দুয়া প্রকল্পনো কাম করের: {| align="center" cellpadding="2" width="100%" |- valign="top" | colspan="3" | '''भातृ परियोजनाहरु:''' |- | [[Image:Wikimedia-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[m:Main Page|'''मेटा-विकि''']]<br /> सकल विकिपिडिया परियोजनातेगु समन्वय | [[Image:Wiktionary-logo-en.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[wikt:|'''विकिखंग्वसफु''']]<br />खंग्वसफु | [[Image:Commons-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[commons:|'''विकिमीडिया कमन्स''']]<br />बायातगु सामाग्रीतेगु धुकु | [[Image:Wikibooks-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[b:|'''विकिसफु''']]<br />सितिंगु सफुधुकु |- | [[Image:Wikiquote-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[q:|'''विकिधापु''']]<br />धापुयु मंका | [[Image:Wikisource-logo.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[wikisource:|'''विकिश्रोत''']]<br />मपंगु-श्रोत कागजात | [[Image:Wikispecies-logo.png|35px|Wikispecies]] | [[Wikispecies:|'''विकिप्रजाती''']]<br />प्रजातीतेगु डाइरेक्त्री | [[Image:Wikinews-logo.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[n:|'''विकिबुखं''']]<br />सितिंगु बुखं |} [[Category:Test-wp]] 24 2006-07-12T04:25:47Z Usingha <div style="background-color:#FFFBF0; padding:10px; border:2px solid green;"> <p style="text-align: center"> <big>'''বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী ঠারর উইকিপিডিয়া'''</big> (''' Bishnupriya Manipuri Wikipedia''') </p> <p style="margin: 0.5em 0 0 3%; text-align: center; font-size: 125%; line-height: 1.3"> '''[[উইকিপিডিয়া]]'''-ত [[উইকিপেডিয়াত:স্বাগতম, নুওয়াতা|স্বাগতম]]। <p>উইকিপিডিয়া এহান ইন্টানেটর উন্মুক্ত [[বিশ্বকোষ]]হান যেহান [[m:Complete list of language Wikipedias available|১০০হারউ গজে ঠারলো]] পানা য়্যাকরের। এহান যেগউ সম্পাদনা করানি পারতারা।</p> {| === ইনসাইক্লোপিডিয়া === |- | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" | width="10%" | [[Image:Nuvola apps kalzium.png|50px|Zienziah Naturaleh]] | width="90%" style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/new/গনিত|গনিত]] , [[Test-wp/new/প্রকৃতি|প্রকৃতি]] বারো [[Test-wp/new/বিজ্ঞান|বিজ্ঞান]]'''<br/> <font color="green"> [[Test-wp/new/পশু বিজ্ঞান|পশু বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/লুক বিজ্ঞান|লুক বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/জ্যামিতি|জ্যামিতি]] </font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps browser.png|50px|Zienziah Zozialeh]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/new/মানু|মানু]] বারো [[Test-wp/new/সমাজর বিজ্ঞান|সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] '''<br/><font color="green"> [[Test-wp/new/মানুর বিজ্ঞান|মানুর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/সমাজর বিজ্ঞান|সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/ভূগোল|ভূগোল]] - [[Test-wp/new/ধর্ম|ধর্ম]]</font> '''</big><br/> |} |} </div> <br> ---- <br> <!-- interwiki --> [[als:]] [[ak:]] [[ar:]] [[as:]] [[bg:]] [[bh:]] [[bs:]] [[ca:]] [[cs:]] [[da:]] [[de:]] [[el:]] [[eo:]] [[en:]] [[es:]] [[fi:]] [[fr:]] [[fy:]] [[gu:]] [[he:]] [[hi:]] [[hr:]] [[hu:]] [[io:]] [[it:]] [[ja:]] [[ko:]] [[kn:]] [[ks:]] [[ku:]] [[lb:]] [[ml:]] [[mr:]] [[nds:]] [[ne:]] [[nl:]] [[no:]] [[or:]] [[pa:]] [[pl:]] [[pt:]] [[ro:]] [[ru:]] [[sa:]] [[sd:]] [[sk:]] [[sl:]] [[sr:]] [[sv:]] [[ta:]] [[te:]] [[tr:]] [[ur:]] [[uk:]] [[zh:]] <h3 id="sister">উইকিপিডিয়ার আরআর প্রকল্প: </h3> উইকিপিডিয়া বাদেউ বেলাভ প্রতিষ্ঠান উইকিমিডিয়া ফাউন্ডেশন আরাকউ আক্কুস ঠার বারো উদুঙ-দুয়া প্রকল্পনো কাম করের: {| align="center" cellpadding="2" width="100%" |- valign="top" | colspan="3" | '''भातृ परियोजनाहरु:''' |- | [[Image:Wikimedia-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[m:Main Page|'''मेटा-विकि''']]<br /> सकल विकिपिडिया परियोजनातेगु समन्वय | [[Image:Wiktionary-logo-en.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[wikt:|'''विकिखंग्वसफु''']]<br />खंग्वसफु | [[Image:Commons-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[commons:|'''विकिमीडिया कमन्स''']]<br />बायातगु सामाग्रीतेगु धुकु | [[Image:Wikibooks-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[b:|'''विकिसफु''']]<br />सितिंगु सफुधुकु |- | [[Image:Wikiquote-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[q:|'''विकिधापु''']]<br />धापुयु मंका | [[Image:Wikisource-logo.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[wikisource:|'''विकिश्रोत''']]<br />मपंगु-श्रोत कागजात | [[Image:Wikispecies-logo.png|35px|Wikispecies]] | [[Wikispecies:|'''विकिप्रजाती''']]<br />प्रजातीतेगु डाइरेक्त्री | [[Image:Wikinews-logo.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[n:|'''विकिबुखं''']]<br />सितिंगु बुखं |} [[Category:Test-wp]] 25 2006-07-12T04:40:59Z Usingha <div style="background-color:#FFFBF0; padding:10px; border:2px solid green;"> <p style="text-align: center"> <big>'''বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী ঠারর উইকিপিডিয়া'''</big> (''' Bishnupriya Manipuri Wikipedia''') </p> <p style="margin: 0.5em 0 0 3%; text-align: center; font-size: 125%; line-height: 1.3"> '''[[উইকিপিডিয়া]]'''-ত [[উইকিপেডিয়াত:স্বাগতম, নুওয়াতা|স্বাগতম]]। <p>উইকিপিডিয়া এহান ইন্টানেটর উন্মুক্ত [[বিশ্বকোষ]]হান যেহান [[m:Complete list of language Wikipedias available|১০০হারউ গজে ঠারলো]] পানা য়্যাকরের। এহান যেগউ সম্পাদনা করানি পারতারা।</p> {| === ইনসাইক্লোপিডিয়া === |- | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" | width="10%" | [[Image:Nuvola apps kalzium.png|50px|Zienziah Naturaleh]] | width="90%" style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/new/গনিত|গনিত]] , [[Test-wp/new/প্রকৃতি|প্রকৃতি]] বারো [[Test-wp/new/বিজ্ঞান|বিজ্ঞান]]'''<br/> <font color="green"> [[Test-wp/new/পশু বিজ্ঞান|পশু বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/লুক বিজ্ঞান|লুক বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/জ্যামিতি|জ্যামিতি]] </font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps browser.png|50px|Zienziah Zozialeh]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/new/মানু|মানু]] বারো [[Test-wp/new/সমাজর বিজ্ঞান|সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] '''<br/><font color="green"> [[Test-wp/new/মানুর বিজ্ঞান|মানুর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/সমাজর বিজ্ঞান|সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/new/ভূগোল|ভূগোল]] - [[Test-wp/new/ধর্ম|ধর্ম]]</font> '''</big><br/> |} |} </div> <br> ---- <br> <!-- interwiki --> [[als:]] [[ak:]] [[ar:]] [[as:]] [[bg:]] [[bh:]] [[bs:]] [[ca:]] [[cs:]] [[da:]] [[de:]] [[el:]] [[eo:]] [[en:]] [[es:]] [[fi:]] [[fr:]] [[fy:]] [[gu:]] [[he:]] [[hi:]] [[hr:]] [[hu:]] [[io:]] [[it:]] [[ja:]] [[ko:]] [[kn:]] [[ks:]] [[ku:]] [[lb:]] [[ml:]] [[mr:]] [[nds:]] [[ne:]] [[nl:]] [[no:]] [[or:]] [[pa:]] [[pl:]] [[pt:]] [[ro:]] [[ru:]] [[sa:]] [[sd:]] [[sk:]] [[sl:]] [[sr:]] [[sv:]] [[ta:]] [[te:]] [[tr:]] [[ur:]] [[uk:]] [[zh:]] <h3 id="sister">উইকিপিডিয়ার আরআর প্রকল্প: </h3> উইকিপিডিয়া বাদেউ বেলাভ প্রতিষ্ঠান উইকিমিডিয়া ফাউন্ডেশন আরাকউ আক্কুস ঠার বারো উদুঙ-দুয়া প্রকল্পনো কাম করের: {| align="center" cellpadding="2" width="100%" |- valign="top" | colspan="3" | |- | [[Image:Wikimedia-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[m:Main Page|'''মেটা উইকি''']]<br /> উইকিমিডিয়ার প্রকল্পহাব্বির সমন্বয় | [[Image:Wiktionary-logo-en.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[wikt:|'''উইকিনারি''']]<br />শব্দকোষ | [[Image:Commons-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[commons:|'''উইকমিডিয়া কমন্স''']]<br />পাতাপলসি মিডিয়ার ভান্ডার | [[Image:Wikibooks-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[b:|'''উইকিলেরিক''']]<br />উদুম-দুয়া লেরিক বারো পাকরিলতা |- | [[Image:Wikiquote-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[q:|'''উইকিউক্তি''']]<br />উক্তিহাবির তিলপা জাগা | [[Image:Wikisource-logo.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[wikisource:|'''উইকিসোর্স''']]<br />উদুম-দুয়া লেরিকসাঙ | [[Image:Wikispecies-logo.png|35px|Wikispecies]] | [[Wikispecies:|'''উইকিপ্রজাতি''']]<br />জীব প্রজাতিহাবির নির্দেশিকাহান | [[Image:Wikinews-logo.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[n:|'''উইকিপৌ''']]<br />উদুম-দুয়া উইকি পৌ |} [[Category:Test-wp]] 26 2006-07-12T04:54:55Z Usingha /* ইনসাইক্লোপিডিয়া */ <div style="background-color:#FFFBF0; padding:10px; border:2px solid green;"> <p style="text-align: center"> <big>'''বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী ঠারর উইকিপিডিয়া'''</big> (''' Bishnupriya Manipuri Wikipedia''') </p> <p style="margin: 0.5em 0 0 3%; text-align: center; font-size: 125%; line-height: 1.3"> '''[[উইকিপিডিয়া]]'''-ত [[উইকিপেডিয়াত:স্বাগতম, নুওয়াতা|স্বাগতম]]। <p>উইকিপিডিয়া এহান ইন্টানেটর উন্মুক্ত [[বিশ্বকোষ]]হান যেহান [[m:Complete list of language Wikipedias available|১০০হারউ গজে ঠারলো]] পানা য়্যাকরের। এহান যেগউ সম্পাদনা করানি পারতারা।</p> {| === ইনসাইক্লোপিডিয়া === |- | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" | width="10%" | [[Image:Nuvola apps kalzium.png|50px|Zienziah Naturaleh]] | width="90%" style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/bpy/গনিত|গনিত]] , [[Test-wp/bpy/প্রকৃতি|প্রকৃতি]] বারো [[Test-wp/bpy/বিজ্ঞান|বিজ্ঞান]]'''<br/> <font color="green"> [[Test-wp/bpy/পশু বিজ্ঞান|পশু বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/লুক বিজ্ঞান|লুক বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/জ্যামিতি|জ্যামিতি]] </font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps browser.png|50px|Zienziah Zozialeh]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/npy/মানু|মানু]] বারো [[Test-wp/bpy/সমাজর বিজ্ঞান|সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] '''<br/><font color="green"> [[Test-wp/bpy/মানুর বিজ্ঞান|মানুর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/সমাজর বিজ্ঞান|সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/ভূগোল|ভূগোল]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/ধর্ম|ধর্ম]]</font> '''</big><br/> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps mycomputer.png|50px|Teknolohía]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/bpy/ज्यानाप स्वागु विज्ञान|ज्यानाप स्वागु विज्ञान]]'''<br/><font color="green"> [[Test-wp/bpy/बुंज्या विज्ञान|बुंज्या विज्ञान]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/छें विज्ञान|छें विज्ञान]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/संचार|संचार]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/ईलेक्त्रोनिक विज्ञान|ईलेक्त्रोनिक विज्ञान]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/ईन्जिन्यरिङ|ईन्जिन्यरिङ]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/उसायं ख्य:|उसायं ख्य:]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/उध्योग|उध्योग]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/चिकित्सा विज्ञान|चिकित्सा विज्ञान]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/यातायात|यातायात]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/मौसम|मौसम]]</font> |} | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" | width="10%" | [[Image:Nuvola apps kcoloredit.png|50px|Arte i Kurtura]] | width="90%" style="font-family: unicode; font-size:medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/bpy/कला|कला]] व [[Test-wp/bpy/संस्कृति|संस्कृति]]'''<br/><font color="green"> [[Test-wp/bpy/कला|कला]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/सफु|सफु]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/नसला: ज्वरे यागु|नसला: ज्वरे यागु]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/संस्कृति|संस्कृति]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/प्याखं|प्याखं]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/क्येब|क्येब]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/लाईबिलेयागु ज्याखं (हब्बि)|लाईबिलेयागु ज्याखं (हब्बि)]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/संकिपा|संकिपा]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/म्ये|म्ये]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/रेडियो|रेडियो]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/कासा|कासा]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/दबु|दबु]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/चाहिलिगु (ट्र्याभल)|चाहिलिगु (ट्र्याभल)]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/टेलिभिजन|टेलिभिजन]]</font> |} |} </div> <br> ---- <br> <!-- interwiki --> [[als:]] [[ak:]] [[ar:]] [[as:]] [[bg:]] [[bh:]] [[bs:]] [[ca:]] [[cs:]] [[da:]] [[de:]] [[el:]] [[eo:]] [[en:]] [[es:]] [[fi:]] [[fr:]] [[fy:]] [[gu:]] [[he:]] [[hi:]] [[hr:]] [[hu:]] [[io:]] [[it:]] [[ja:]] [[ko:]] [[kn:]] [[ks:]] [[ku:]] [[lb:]] [[ml:]] [[mr:]] [[nds:]] [[ne:]] [[nl:]] [[no:]] [[or:]] [[pa:]] [[pl:]] [[pt:]] [[ro:]] [[ru:]] [[sa:]] [[sd:]] [[sk:]] [[sl:]] [[sr:]] [[sv:]] [[ta:]] [[te:]] [[tr:]] [[ur:]] [[uk:]] [[zh:]] <h3 id="sister">উইকিপিডিয়ার আরআর প্রকল্প: </h3> উইকিপিডিয়া বাদেউ বেলাভ প্রতিষ্ঠান উইকিমিডিয়া ফাউন্ডেশন আরাকউ আক্কুস ঠার বারো উদুঙ-দুয়া প্রকল্পনো কাম করের: {| align="center" cellpadding="2" width="100%" |- valign="top" | colspan="3" | |- | [[Image:Wikimedia-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[m:Main Page|'''মেটা উইকি''']]<br /> উইকিমিডিয়ার প্রকল্পহাব্বির সমন্বয় | [[Image:Wiktionary-logo-en.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[wikt:|'''উইকিনারি''']]<br />শব্দকোষ | [[Image:Commons-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[commons:|'''উইকমিডিয়া কমন্স''']]<br />পাতাপলসি মিডিয়ার ভান্ডার | [[Image:Wikibooks-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[b:|'''উইকিলেরিক''']]<br />উদুম-দুয়া লেরিক বারো পাকরিলতা |- | [[Image:Wikiquote-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[q:|'''উইকিউক্তি''']]<br />উক্তিহাবির তিলপা জাগা | [[Image:Wikisource-logo.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[wikisource:|'''উইকিসোর্স''']]<br />উদুম-দুয়া লেরিকসাঙ | [[Image:Wikispecies-logo.png|35px|Wikispecies]] | [[Wikispecies:|'''উইকিপ্রজাতি''']]<br />জীব প্রজাতিহাবির নির্দেশিকাহান | [[Image:Wikinews-logo.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[n:|'''উইকিপৌ''']]<br />উদুম-দুয়া উইকি পৌ |} [[Category:Test-wp]] 27 2006-07-12T05:01:19Z Usingha /* ইনসাইক্লোপিডিয়া */ <div style="background-color:#FFFBF0; padding:10px; border:2px solid green;"> <p style="text-align: center"> <big>'''বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী ঠারর উইকিপিডিয়া'''</big> (''' Bishnupriya Manipuri Wikipedia''') </p> <p style="margin: 0.5em 0 0 3%; text-align: center; font-size: 125%; line-height: 1.3"> '''[[উইকিপিডিয়া]]'''-ত [[উইকিপেডিয়াত:স্বাগতম, নুওয়াতা|স্বাগতম]]। <p>উইকিপিডিয়া এহান ইন্টানেটর উন্মুক্ত [[বিশ্বকোষ]]হান যেহান [[m:Complete list of language Wikipedias available|১০০হারউ গজে ঠারলো]] পানা য়্যাকরের। এহান যেগউ সম্পাদনা করানি পারতারা।</p> {| === ইনসাইক্লোপিডিয়া === |- | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" | width="10%" | [[Image:Nuvola apps kalzium.png|50px|Zienziah Naturaleh]] | width="90%" style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/bpy/গনিত|গনিত]] , [[Test-wp/bpy/প্রকৃতি|প্রকৃতি]] বারো [[Test-wp/bpy/বিজ্ঞান|বিজ্ঞান]]'''<br/> <font color="green"> [[Test-wp/bpy/পশু বিজ্ঞান|পশু বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/লুক বিজ্ঞান|লুক বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/জ্যামিতি|জ্যামিতি]] </font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps browser.png|50px|Zienziah Zozialeh]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/npy/মানু|মানু]] বারো [[Test-wp/bpy/সমাজর বিজ্ঞান|সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] '''<br/><font color="green"> [[Test-wp/bpy/মানুর বিজ্ঞান|মানুর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/সমাজর বিজ্ঞান|সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/ভূগোল|ভূগোল]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/ধর্ম|ধর্ম]]</font> '''</big><br/> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps mycomputer.png|50px|Teknolohía]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/bpy/কম্পিউটার বারো প্রযুক্তি|কম্পিউটার বারো প্রযুক্তি]]'''<br/><font color="green"> [[Test-wp/bpy/बुंज्या विज्ञान|बुंज्या विज्ञान]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/छें विज्ञान|छें विज्ञान]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/संचार|संचार]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/ईलेक्त्रोनिक विज्ञान|ईलेक्त्रोनिक विज्ञान]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/ईन्जिन्यरिङ|ईन्जिन्यरिङ]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/उसायं ख्य:|उसायं ख्य:]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/उध्योग|उध्योग]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/चिकित्सा विज्ञान|चिकित्सा विज्ञान]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/यातायात|यातायात]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/मौसम|मौसम]]</font> |} | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" | width="10%" | [[Image:Nuvola apps kcoloredit.png|50px|Arte i Kurtura]] | width="90%" style="font-family: unicode; font-size:medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/bpy/কলা|কলা]] বারো [[Test-wp/bpy/সঙস্কৃতি|সংস্কৃতি]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/नसला: ज्वरे यागु|नसला: ज्वरे यागु]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/সঙস্কৃতি|সংস্কৃতি]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/प्याखं|प्याखं]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/क्येब|क्येब]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/लाईबिलेयागु ज्याखं (हब्बि)|लाईबिलेयागु ज्याखं (हब्बि)]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/संकिपा|संकिपा]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/म्ये|म्ये]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/रेडियो|रेडियो]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/कासा|कासा]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/दबु|दबु]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/चाहिलिगु (ट्र्याभल)|चाहिलिगु (ट्र्याभल)]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/टेलिभिजन|टेलिभिजन]]</font> |} |} </div> <br> ---- <br> <!-- interwiki --> [[als:]] [[ak:]] [[ar:]] [[as:]] [[bg:]] [[bh:]] [[bs:]] [[ca:]] [[cs:]] [[da:]] [[de:]] [[el:]] [[eo:]] [[en:]] [[es:]] [[fi:]] [[fr:]] [[fy:]] [[gu:]] [[he:]] [[hi:]] [[hr:]] [[hu:]] [[io:]] [[it:]] [[ja:]] [[ko:]] [[kn:]] [[ks:]] [[ku:]] [[lb:]] [[ml:]] [[mr:]] [[nds:]] [[ne:]] [[nl:]] [[no:]] [[or:]] [[pa:]] [[pl:]] [[pt:]] [[ro:]] [[ru:]] [[sa:]] [[sd:]] [[sk:]] [[sl:]] [[sr:]] [[sv:]] [[ta:]] [[te:]] [[tr:]] [[ur:]] [[uk:]] [[zh:]] <h3 id="sister">উইকিপিডিয়ার আরআর প্রকল্প: </h3> উইকিপিডিয়া বাদেউ বেলাভ প্রতিষ্ঠান উইকিমিডিয়া ফাউন্ডেশন আরাকউ আক্কুস ঠার বারো উদুঙ-দুয়া প্রকল্পনো কাম করের: {| align="center" cellpadding="2" width="100%" |- valign="top" | colspan="3" | |- | [[Image:Wikimedia-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[m:Main Page|'''মেটা উইকি''']]<br /> উইকিমিডিয়ার প্রকল্পহাব্বির সমন্বয় | [[Image:Wiktionary-logo-en.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[wikt:|'''উইকিনারি''']]<br />শব্দকোষ | [[Image:Commons-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[commons:|'''উইকমিডিয়া কমন্স''']]<br />পাতাপলসি মিডিয়ার ভান্ডার | [[Image:Wikibooks-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[b:|'''উইকিলেরিক''']]<br />উদুম-দুয়া লেরিক বারো পাকরিলতা |- | [[Image:Wikiquote-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[q:|'''উইকিউক্তি''']]<br />উক্তিহাবির তিলপা জাগা | [[Image:Wikisource-logo.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[wikisource:|'''উইকিসোর্স''']]<br />উদুম-দুয়া লেরিকসাঙ | [[Image:Wikispecies-logo.png|35px|Wikispecies]] | [[Wikispecies:|'''উইকিপ্রজাতি''']]<br />জীব প্রজাতিহাবির নির্দেশিকাহান | [[Image:Wikinews-logo.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[n:|'''উইকিপৌ''']]<br />উদুম-দুয়া উইকি পৌ |} [[Category:Test-wp]] 28 2006-07-12T05:05:39Z Usingha /* ইনসাইক্লোপিডিয়া */ <div style="background-color:#FFFBF0; padding:10px; border:2px solid green;"> <p style="text-align: center"> <big>'''বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী ঠারর উইকিপিডিয়া'''</big> (''' Bishnupriya Manipuri Wikipedia''') </p> <p style="margin: 0.5em 0 0 3%; text-align: center; font-size: 125%; line-height: 1.3"> '''[[উইকিপিডিয়া]]'''-ত [[উইকিপেডিয়াত:স্বাগতম, নুওয়াতা|স্বাগতম]]। <p>উইকিপিডিয়া এহান ইন্টানেটর উন্মুক্ত [[বিশ্বকোষ]]হান যেহান [[m:Complete list of language Wikipedias available|১০০হারউ গজে ঠারলো]] পানা য়্যাকরের। এহান যেগউ সম্পাদনা করানি পারতারা।</p> {| === ইনসাইক্লোপিডিয়া === |- | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" | width="10%" | [[Image:Nuvola apps kalzium.png|50px|Zienziah Naturaleh]] | width="90%" style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/bpy/গনিত|গনিত]] , [[Test-wp/bpy/প্রকৃতি|প্রকৃতি]] বারো [[Test-wp/bpy/বিজ্ঞান|বিজ্ঞান]]'''<br/> <font color="green"> [[Test-wp/bpy/পশু বিজ্ঞান|পশু বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/লুক বিজ্ঞান|লুক বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/জ্যামিতি|জ্যামিতি]] </font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps browser.png|50px|Zienziah Zozialeh]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/npy/মানু|মানু]] বারো [[Test-wp/bpy/সমাজর বিজ্ঞান|সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] '''<br/><font color="green"> [[Test-wp/bpy/মানুর বিজ্ঞান|মানুর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/সমাজর বিজ্ঞান|সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/ভূগোল|ভূগোল]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/ধর্ম|ধর্ম]]</font> '''</big><br/> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps mycomputer.png|50px|Teknolohía]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/bpy/কম্পিউটার বারো প্রযুক্তি|কম্পিউটার বারো প্রযুক্তি]]'''<br/><font color="green"> কম্পিউটার কম্পিউটার নেটওয়ার্ক কম্পিউটার প্রোগ্রামার কম্পিউটার বিজ্ঞানী কম্পিউটার সফটওয়্যার কম্পিটার প্রোগ্রামিং </font> |} | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" | width="10%" | [[Image:Nuvola apps kcoloredit.png|50px|Arte i Kurtura]] | width="90%" style="font-family: unicode; font-size:medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/bpy/কলা|কলা]] বারো [[Test-wp/bpy/সঙস্কৃতি|সংস্কৃতি]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/রূহিবৃত্তি|রূহিবৃত্তি]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/সঙস্কৃতি|সংস্কৃতি]] </font> |} |} </div> <br> ---- <br> <!-- interwiki --> [[als:]] [[ak:]] [[ar:]] [[as:]] [[bg:]] [[bh:]] [[bs:]] [[ca:]] [[cs:]] [[da:]] [[de:]] [[el:]] [[eo:]] [[en:]] [[es:]] [[fi:]] [[fr:]] [[fy:]] [[gu:]] [[he:]] [[hi:]] [[hr:]] [[hu:]] [[io:]] [[it:]] [[ja:]] [[ko:]] [[kn:]] [[ks:]] [[ku:]] [[lb:]] [[ml:]] [[mr:]] [[nds:]] [[ne:]] [[nl:]] [[no:]] [[or:]] [[pa:]] [[pl:]] [[pt:]] [[ro:]] [[ru:]] [[sa:]] [[sd:]] [[sk:]] [[sl:]] [[sr:]] [[sv:]] [[ta:]] [[te:]] [[tr:]] [[ur:]] [[uk:]] [[zh:]] <h3 id="sister">উইকিপিডিয়ার আরআর প্রকল্প: </h3> উইকিপিডিয়া বাদেউ বেলাভ প্রতিষ্ঠান উইকিমিডিয়া ফাউন্ডেশন আরাকউ আক্কুস ঠার বারো উদুঙ-দুয়া প্রকল্পনো কাম করের: {| align="center" cellpadding="2" width="100%" |- valign="top" | colspan="3" | |- | [[Image:Wikimedia-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[m:Main Page|'''মেটা উইকি''']]<br /> উইকিমিডিয়ার প্রকল্পহাব্বির সমন্বয় | [[Image:Wiktionary-logo-en.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[wikt:|'''উইকিনারি''']]<br />শব্দকোষ | [[Image:Commons-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[commons:|'''উইকমিডিয়া কমন্স''']]<br />পাতাপলসি মিডিয়ার ভান্ডার | [[Image:Wikibooks-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[b:|'''উইকিলেরিক''']]<br />উদুম-দুয়া লেরিক বারো পাকরিলতা |- | [[Image:Wikiquote-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[q:|'''উইকিউক্তি''']]<br />উক্তিহাবির তিলপা জাগা | [[Image:Wikisource-logo.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[wikisource:|'''উইকিসোর্স''']]<br />উদুম-দুয়া লেরিকসাঙ | [[Image:Wikispecies-logo.png|35px|Wikispecies]] | [[Wikispecies:|'''উইকিপ্রজাতি''']]<br />জীব প্রজাতিহাবির নির্দেশিকাহান | [[Image:Wikinews-logo.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[n:|'''উইকিপৌ''']]<br />উদুম-দুয়া উইকি পৌ |} [[Category:Test-wp]] 29 2006-07-12T05:08:02Z Usingha <div style="background-color:#FFFBF0; padding:10px; border:2px solid green;"> <p style="text-align: center"> <big>'''বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী ঠারর উইকিপিডিয়া'''</big> (''' Bishnupriya Manipuri Wikipedia''') </p> <p style="margin: 0.5em 0 0 3%; text-align: center; font-size: 125%; line-height: 1.3"> '''[[উইকিপিডিয়া]]'''-ত [[উইকিপেডিয়াত:স্বাগতম, নুওয়াতা|স্বাগতম]]। <p>উইকিপিডিয়া এহান ইন্টানেটর উন্মুক্ত [[বিশ্বকোষ]]হান যেহান [[m:Complete list of language Wikipedias available|১০০হারউ গজে ঠারলো]] পানা য়্যাকরের। এহান যেগউ সম্পাদনা করানি পারতারা।</p> {| === ইনসাইক্লোপিডিয়া === |- | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" | width="10%" | [[Image:Nuvola apps kalzium.png|50px|Zienziah Naturaleh]] | width="90%" style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/bpy/গনিত|গনিত]] , [[Test-wp/bpy/প্রকৃতি|প্রকৃতি]] বারো [[Test-wp/bpy/বিজ্ঞান|বিজ্ঞান]]'''<br/> <font color="green"> [[Test-wp/bpy/পশু বিজ্ঞান|পশু বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/লুক বিজ্ঞান|লুক বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/জ্যামিতি|জ্যামিতি]] </font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps browser.png|50px|Zienziah Zozialeh]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/npy/মানু|মানু]] বারো [[Test-wp/bpy/সমাজর বিজ্ঞান|সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] '''<br/><font color="green"> [[Test-wp/bpy/মানুর বিজ্ঞান|মানুর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/সমাজর বিজ্ঞান|সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/ভূগোল|ভূগোল]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/ধর্ম|ধর্ম]]</font> '''</big><br/> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps mycomputer.png|50px|Teknolohía]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/bpy/কম্পিউটার বারো প্রযুক্তি|কম্পিউটার বারো প্রযুক্তি]]'''<br/><font color="green"> কম্পিউটার কম্পিউটার নেটওয়ার্ক কম্পিউটার প্রোগ্রামার কম্পিউটার বিজ্ঞানী কম্পিউটার সফটওয়্যার কম্পিটার প্রোগ্রামিং </font> |} | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" | width="10%" | [[Image:Nuvola apps kcoloredit.png|50px|Arte i Kurtura]] | width="90%" style="font-family: unicode; font-size:medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/bpy/কলা|কলা]] বারো [[Test-wp/bpy/সঙস্কৃতি|সংস্কৃতি]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/রূহিবৃত্তি|রূহিবৃত্তি]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/সঙস্কৃতি|সংস্কৃতি]] </font> |} |} </div> <br> ---- <br> <!-- interwiki --> [[als:]] [[ak:]] [[ar:]] [[as:]] [[bn:]] [[bh:]] [[bs:]] [[en:]] [[es:]] [[fi:]] [[fr:]] [[fy:]] [[gu:]] [[he:]] [[hi:]] [[hr:]] [[hu:]] [[io:]] [[it:]] [[ja:]] [[ko:]] [[kn:]] [[ks:]] [[ku:]] [[lb:]] [[ml:]] [[mr:]] [[nds:]] [[ne:]] [[nl:]] [[no:]] [[or:]] [[pa:]] [[pl:]] [[pt:]] [[ro:]] [[ru:]] [[sa:]] [[sd:]] [[sk:]] [[sl:]] [[sr:]] [[sv:]] [[ta:]] [[te:]] [[tr:]] [[ur:]] [[uk:]] [[zh:]] <h3 id="sister">উইকিপিডিয়ার আরআর প্রকল্প: </h3> উইকিপিডিয়া বাদেউ বেলাভ প্রতিষ্ঠান উইকিমিডিয়া ফাউন্ডেশন আরাকউ আক্কুস ঠার বারো উদুঙ-দুয়া প্রকল্পনো কাম করের: {| align="center" cellpadding="2" width="100%" |- valign="top" | colspan="3" | |- | [[Image:Wikimedia-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[m:Main Page|'''মেটা উইকি''']]<br /> উইকিমিডিয়ার প্রকল্পহাব্বির সমন্বয় | [[Image:Wiktionary-logo-en.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[wikt:|'''উইকিনারি''']]<br />শব্দকোষ | [[Image:Commons-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[commons:|'''উইকমিডিয়া কমন্স''']]<br />পাতাপলসি মিডিয়ার ভান্ডার | [[Image:Wikibooks-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[b:|'''উইকিলেরিক''']]<br />উদুম-দুয়া লেরিক বারো পাকরিলতা |- | [[Image:Wikiquote-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[q:|'''উইকিউক্তি''']]<br />উক্তিহাবির তিলপা জাগা | [[Image:Wikisource-logo.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[wikisource:|'''উইকিসোর্স''']]<br />উদুম-দুয়া লেরিকসাঙ | [[Image:Wikispecies-logo.png|35px|Wikispecies]] | [[Wikispecies:|'''উইকিপ্রজাতি''']]<br />জীব প্রজাতিহাবির নির্দেশিকাহান | [[Image:Wikinews-logo.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[n:|'''উইকিপৌ''']]<br />উদুম-দুয়া উইকি পৌ |} [[Category:Test-wp]] 30 2006-07-17T04:08:30Z Usingha /* ইনসাইক্লোপিডিয়া */ <div style="background-color:#FFFBF0; padding:10px; border:2px solid green;"> <p style="text-align: center"> <big>'''বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী ঠারর উইকিপিডিয়া'''</big> (''' Bishnupriya Manipuri Wikipedia''') </p> <p style="margin: 0.5em 0 0 3%; text-align: center; font-size: 125%; line-height: 1.3"> '''[[উইকিপিডিয়া]]'''-ত [[উইকিপেডিয়াত:স্বাগতম, নুওয়াতা|স্বাগতম]]। <p>উইকিপিডিয়া এহান ইন্টানেটর উন্মুক্ত [[বিশ্বকোষ]]হান যেহান [[m:Complete list of language Wikipedias available|১০০হারউ গজে ঠারলো]] পানা য়্যাকরের। এহান যেগউ সম্পাদনা করানি পারতারা।</p> {| === ইনসাইক্লোপিডিয়া === |- | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" | width="10%" | [[Image:Nuvola apps kalzium.png|50px|Zienziah Naturaleh]] | width="90%" style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/bpy/গনিত|গনিত]] , [[Test-wp/bpy/প্রকৃতি|প্রকৃতি]] বারো [[Test-wp/bpy/বিজ্ঞান|বিজ্ঞান]]'''<br/> <font color="green"> [[Test-wp/bpy/পশু বিজ্ঞান|পশু বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/লুক বিজ্ঞান|লুক বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/জ্যামিতি|জ্যামিতি]] </font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps browser.png|50px|Zienziah Zozialeh]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/npy/মানু|মানু]] বারো [[Test-wp/bpy/সমাজর বিজ্ঞান|সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] '''<br/><font color="green"> [[Test-wp/bpy/মানুর বিজ্ঞান|মানুর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/সমাজর বিজ্ঞান|সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/ভূগোল|ভূগোল]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/ধর্ম|ধর্ম]]</font> '''</big><br/> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps mycomputer.png|50px|Teknolohía]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/bpy/কম্পিউটার বারো প্রযুক্তি|কম্পিউটার বারো প্রযুক্তি]]'''<br/><font color="green"> কম্পিউটার কম্পিউটার নেটওয়ার্ক কম্পিউটার প্রোগ্রামার কম্পিউটার বিজ্ঞানী কম্পিউটার সফটওয়্যার কম্পিটার প্রোগ্রামিং </font> |} | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" | width="10%" | [[Image:Nuvola apps kcoloredit.png|50px|Arte i Kurtura]] | width="90%" style="font-family: unicode; font-size:medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/bpy/কলা|কলা]] বারো [[Test-wp/bpy/সঙস্কৃতি|সংস্কৃতি]]'''<br/><font color="green"> [[Test-wp/bpy/রূহিবৃত্তি|রূহিবৃত্তি]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/সঙস্কৃতি|সংস্কৃতি]] </font> |} |} </div> <br> ---- <br> <!-- interwiki --> [[als:]] [[ak:]] [[ar:]] [[as:]] [[bn:]] [[bh:]] [[bs:]] [[en:]] [[es:]] [[fi:]] [[fr:]] [[fy:]] [[gu:]] [[he:]] [[hi:]] [[hr:]] [[hu:]] [[io:]] [[it:]] [[ja:]] [[ko:]] [[kn:]] [[ks:]] [[ku:]] [[lb:]] [[ml:]] [[mr:]] [[nds:]] [[ne:]] [[nl:]] [[no:]] [[or:]] [[pa:]] [[pl:]] [[pt:]] [[ro:]] [[ru:]] [[sa:]] [[sd:]] [[sk:]] [[sl:]] [[sr:]] [[sv:]] [[ta:]] [[te:]] [[tr:]] [[ur:]] [[uk:]] [[zh:]] <h3 id="sister">উইকিপিডিয়ার আরআর প্রকল্প: </h3> উইকিপিডিয়া বাদেউ বেলাভ প্রতিষ্ঠান উইকিমিডিয়া ফাউন্ডেশন আরাকউ আক্কুস ঠার বারো উদুঙ-দুয়া প্রকল্পনো কাম করের: {| align="center" cellpadding="2" width="100%" |- valign="top" | colspan="3" | |- | [[Image:Wikimedia-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[m:Main Page|'''মেটা উইকি''']]<br /> উইকিমিডিয়ার প্রকল্পহাব্বির সমন্বয় | [[Image:Wiktionary-logo-en.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[wikt:|'''উইকিনারি''']]<br />শব্দকোষ | [[Image:Commons-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[commons:|'''উইকমিডিয়া কমন্স''']]<br />পাতাপলসি মিডিয়ার ভান্ডার | [[Image:Wikibooks-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[b:|'''উইকিলেরিক''']]<br />উদুম-দুয়া লেরিক বারো পাকরিলতা |- | [[Image:Wikiquote-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[q:|'''উইকিউক্তি''']]<br />উক্তিহাবির তিলপা জাগা | [[Image:Wikisource-logo.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[wikisource:|'''উইকিসোর্স''']]<br />উদুম-দুয়া লেরিকসাঙ | [[Image:Wikispecies-logo.png|35px|Wikispecies]] | [[Wikispecies:|'''উইকিপ্রজাতি''']]<br />জীব প্রজাতিহাবির নির্দেশিকাহান | [[Image:Wikinews-logo.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[n:|'''উইকিপৌ''']]<br />উদুম-দুয়া উইকি পৌ |} [[Category:Test-wp]] 31 2006-07-17T04:20:38Z Usingha /* ইনসাইক্লোপিডিয়া */ <div style="background-color:#FFFBF0; padding:10px; border:2px solid green;"> <p style="text-align: center"> <big>'''বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী ঠারর উইকিপিডিয়া'''</big> (''' Bishnupriya Manipuri Wikipedia''') </p> <p style="margin: 0.5em 0 0 3%; text-align: center; font-size: 125%; line-height: 1.3"> '''[[উইকিপিডিয়া]]'''-ত [[উইকিপেডিয়াত:স্বাগতম, নুওয়াতা|স্বাগতম]]। <p>উইকিপিডিয়া এহান ইন্টানেটর উন্মুক্ত [[বিশ্বকোষ]]হান যেহান [[m:Complete list of language Wikipedias available|১০০হারউ গজে ঠারলো]] পানা য়্যাকরের। এহান যেগউ সম্পাদনা করানি পারতারা।</p> {| === ইনসাইক্লোপিডিয়া === |- | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" | width="10%" | [[Image:Nuvola apps kalzium.png|50px|Zienziah Naturaleh]] | width="90%" style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/bpy/গনিত|গনিত]] , [[Test-wp/bpy/প্রকৃতি|প্রকৃতি]] বারো [[Test-wp/bpy/বিজ্ঞান|বিজ্ঞান]]'''<br/> <font color="green"> [[Test-wp/bpy/পশু বিজ্ঞান|পশু বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/লুক বিজ্ঞান|লুক বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/জ্যামিতি|জ্যামিতি]] </font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps browser.png|50px|Zienziah Zozialeh]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/npy/মানু|মানু]] বারো [[Test-wp/bpy/সমাজর বিজ্ঞান|সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] '''<br/><font color="green"> [[Test-wp/bpy/মানুর বিজ্ঞান|মানুর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/সমাজর বিজ্ঞান|সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/ভূগোল|ভূগোল]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/ধর্ম|ধর্ম]]</font> '''</big><br/> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps mycomputer.png|50px|Teknolohía]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/bpy/কম্পিউটার বারো প্রযুক্তি|কম্পিউটার বারো প্রযুক্তি]]'''<br/><font color="green"> কম্পিউটার কম্পিউটার নেটওয়ার্ক কম্পিউটার প্রোগ্রামার কম্পিউটার বিজ্ঞানী কম্পিউটার সফটওয়্যার কম্পিটার প্রোগ্রামিং </font> |} |- | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" | width="10%" | [[Image:Nuvola apps kcoloredit.png|50px|Arte i Kurtura]] | width="90%" style="font-family: unicode; font-size:medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/bpy/কলা|কলা]] বারো [[Test-wp/bpy/সঙস্কৃতি|সংস্কৃতি]]'''<br/><font color="green"> [[Test-wp/bpy/রূহিবৃত্তি|রূহিবৃত্তি]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/সঙস্কৃতি|সংস্কৃতি]] </font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps atlantik.png|50px|Entretenimientoh]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/bpy/হারৌ - পিয়ম|হারৌ - পিয়ম]]'''<br/> <font color="green"> [[Test-wp/bpy/এলা|এলা]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/নাচা|নাচা]]</font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps kwrite.png|50px|Index]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/bpy/দেশ|দেশ]] বারো [[Test-wp/bpy/রাজ্য|রাজ্য]]'''<br/><font color="green"> [[Test-wp/bpy/ভারত|ভারত]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/বাংলা দেশ|বাংলা দেশ]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/তিলপা রাষ্ট্র(USA)|তিলপা রাষ্ট্র(USA)|]] </font> |} |} </div> <br> ---- <br> <!-- interwiki --> [[als:]] [[ak:]] [[ar:]] [[as:]] [[bn:]] [[bh:]] [[bs:]] [[en:]] [[es:]] [[fi:]] [[fr:]] [[fy:]] [[gu:]] [[he:]] [[hi:]] [[hr:]] [[hu:]] [[io:]] [[it:]] [[ja:]] [[ko:]] [[kn:]] [[ks:]] [[ku:]] [[lb:]] [[ml:]] [[mr:]] [[nds:]] [[ne:]] [[nl:]] [[no:]] [[or:]] [[pa:]] [[pl:]] [[pt:]] [[ro:]] [[ru:]] [[sa:]] [[sd:]] [[sk:]] [[sl:]] [[sr:]] [[sv:]] [[ta:]] [[te:]] [[tr:]] [[ur:]] [[uk:]] [[zh:]] <h3 id="sister">উইকিপিডিয়ার আরআর প্রকল্প: </h3> উইকিপিডিয়া বাদেউ বেলাভ প্রতিষ্ঠান উইকিমিডিয়া ফাউন্ডেশন আরাকউ আক্কুস ঠার বারো উদুঙ-দুয়া প্রকল্পনো কাম করের: {| align="center" cellpadding="2" width="100%" |- valign="top" | colspan="3" | |- | [[Image:Wikimedia-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[m:Main Page|'''মেটা উইকি''']]<br /> উইকিমিডিয়ার প্রকল্পহাব্বির সমন্বয় | [[Image:Wiktionary-logo-en.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[wikt:|'''উইকিনারি''']]<br />শব্দকোষ | [[Image:Commons-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[commons:|'''উইকমিডিয়া কমন্স''']]<br />পাতাপলসি মিডিয়ার ভান্ডার | [[Image:Wikibooks-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[b:|'''উইকিলেরিক''']]<br />উদুম-দুয়া লেরিক বারো পাকরিলতা |- | [[Image:Wikiquote-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[q:|'''উইকিউক্তি''']]<br />উক্তিহাবির তিলপা জাগা | [[Image:Wikisource-logo.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[wikisource:|'''উইকিসোর্স''']]<br />উদুম-দুয়া লেরিকসাঙ | [[Image:Wikispecies-logo.png|35px|Wikispecies]] | [[Wikispecies:|'''উইকিপ্রজাতি''']]<br />জীব প্রজাতিহাবির নির্দেশিকাহান | [[Image:Wikinews-logo.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[n:|'''উইকিপৌ''']]<br />উদুম-দুয়া উইকি পৌ |} [[Category:Test-wp]] 32 2006-07-17T04:21:15Z Usingha /* ইনসাইক্লোপিডিয়া */ <div style="background-color:#FFFBF0; padding:10px; border:2px solid green;"> <p style="text-align: center"> <big>'''বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী ঠারর উইকিপিডিয়া'''</big> (''' Bishnupriya Manipuri Wikipedia''') </p> <p style="margin: 0.5em 0 0 3%; text-align: center; font-size: 125%; line-height: 1.3"> '''[[উইকিপিডিয়া]]'''-ত [[উইকিপেডিয়াত:স্বাগতম, নুওয়াতা|স্বাগতম]]। <p>উইকিপিডিয়া এহান ইন্টানেটর উন্মুক্ত [[বিশ্বকোষ]]হান যেহান [[m:Complete list of language Wikipedias available|১০০হারউ গজে ঠারলো]] পানা য়্যাকরের। এহান যেগউ সম্পাদনা করানি পারতারা।</p> {| === ইনসাইক্লোপিডিয়া === |- | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" | width="10%" | [[Image:Nuvola apps kalzium.png|50px|Zienziah Naturaleh]] | width="90%" style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/bpy/গনিত|গনিত]] , [[Test-wp/bpy/প্রকৃতি|প্রকৃতি]] বারো [[Test-wp/bpy/বিজ্ঞান|বিজ্ঞান]]'''<br/> <font color="green"> [[Test-wp/bpy/পশু বিজ্ঞান|পশু বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/লুক বিজ্ঞান|লুক বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/জ্যামিতি|জ্যামিতি]] </font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps browser.png|50px|Zienziah Zozialeh]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/npy/মানু|মানু]] বারো [[Test-wp/bpy/সমাজর বিজ্ঞান|সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] '''<br/><font color="green"> [[Test-wp/bpy/মানুর বিজ্ঞান|মানুর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/সমাজর বিজ্ঞান|সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/ভূগোল|ভূগোল]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/ধর্ম|ধর্ম]]</font> '''</big><br/> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps mycomputer.png|50px|Teknolohía]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/bpy/কম্পিউটার বারো প্রযুক্তি|কম্পিউটার বারো প্রযুক্তি]]'''<br/><font color="green"> কম্পিউটার কম্পিউটার নেটওয়ার্ক কম্পিউটার প্রোগ্রামার কম্পিউটার বিজ্ঞানী কম্পিউটার সফটওয়্যার কম্পিটার প্রোগ্রামিং </font> |} | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" | width="10%" | [[Image:Nuvola apps kcoloredit.png|50px|Arte i Kurtura]] | width="90%" style="font-family: unicode; font-size:medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/bpy/কলা|কলা]] বারো [[Test-wp/bpy/সঙস্কৃতি|সংস্কৃতি]]'''<br/><font color="green"> [[Test-wp/bpy/রূহিবৃত্তি|রূহিবৃত্তি]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/সঙস্কৃতি|সংস্কৃতি]] </font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps atlantik.png|50px|Entretenimientoh]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/bpy/হারৌ - পিয়ম|হারৌ - পিয়ম]]'''<br/> <font color="green"> [[Test-wp/bpy/এলা|এলা]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/নাচা|নাচা]]</font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps kwrite.png|50px|Index]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/bpy/দেশ|দেশ]] বারো [[Test-wp/bpy/রাজ্য|রাজ্য]]'''<br/><font color="green"> [[Test-wp/bpy/ভারত|ভারত]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/বাংলা দেশ|বাংলা দেশ]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/তিলপা রাষ্ট্র(USA)|তিলপা রাষ্ট্র(USA)|]] </font> |} |} </div> <br> ---- <br> <!-- interwiki --> [[als:]] [[ak:]] [[ar:]] [[as:]] [[bn:]] [[bh:]] [[bs:]] [[en:]] [[es:]] [[fi:]] [[fr:]] [[fy:]] [[gu:]] [[he:]] [[hi:]] [[hr:]] [[hu:]] [[io:]] [[it:]] [[ja:]] [[ko:]] [[kn:]] [[ks:]] [[ku:]] [[lb:]] [[ml:]] [[mr:]] [[nds:]] [[ne:]] [[nl:]] [[no:]] [[or:]] [[pa:]] [[pl:]] [[pt:]] [[ro:]] [[ru:]] [[sa:]] [[sd:]] [[sk:]] [[sl:]] [[sr:]] [[sv:]] [[ta:]] [[te:]] [[tr:]] [[ur:]] [[uk:]] [[zh:]] <h3 id="sister">উইকিপিডিয়ার আরআর প্রকল্প: </h3> উইকিপিডিয়া বাদেউ বেলাভ প্রতিষ্ঠান উইকিমিডিয়া ফাউন্ডেশন আরাকউ আক্কুস ঠার বারো উদুঙ-দুয়া প্রকল্পনো কাম করের: {| align="center" cellpadding="2" width="100%" |- valign="top" | colspan="3" | |- | [[Image:Wikimedia-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[m:Main Page|'''মেটা উইকি''']]<br /> উইকিমিডিয়ার প্রকল্পহাব্বির সমন্বয় | [[Image:Wiktionary-logo-en.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[wikt:|'''উইকিনারি''']]<br />শব্দকোষ | [[Image:Commons-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[commons:|'''উইকমিডিয়া কমন্স''']]<br />পাতাপলসি মিডিয়ার ভান্ডার | [[Image:Wikibooks-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[b:|'''উইকিলেরিক''']]<br />উদুম-দুয়া লেরিক বারো পাকরিলতা |- | [[Image:Wikiquote-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[q:|'''উইকিউক্তি''']]<br />উক্তিহাবির তিলপা জাগা | [[Image:Wikisource-logo.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[wikisource:|'''উইকিসোর্স''']]<br />উদুম-দুয়া লেরিকসাঙ | [[Image:Wikispecies-logo.png|35px|Wikispecies]] | [[Wikispecies:|'''উইকিপ্রজাতি''']]<br />জীব প্রজাতিহাবির নির্দেশিকাহান | [[Image:Wikinews-logo.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[n:|'''উইকিপৌ''']]<br />উদুম-দুয়া উইকি পৌ |} [[Category:Test-wp]] 33 2006-07-17T04:22:06Z Usingha /* ইনসাইক্লোপিডিয়া */ <div style="background-color:#FFFBF0; padding:10px; border:2px solid green;"> <p style="text-align: center"> <big>'''বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী ঠারর উইকিপিডিয়া'''</big> (''' Bishnupriya Manipuri Wikipedia''') </p> <p style="margin: 0.5em 0 0 3%; text-align: center; font-size: 125%; line-height: 1.3"> '''[[উইকিপিডিয়া]]'''-ত [[উইকিপেডিয়াত:স্বাগতম, নুওয়াতা|স্বাগতম]]। <p>উইকিপিডিয়া এহান ইন্টানেটর উন্মুক্ত [[বিশ্বকোষ]]হান যেহান [[m:Complete list of language Wikipedias available|১০০হারউ গজে ঠারলো]] পানা য়্যাকরের। এহান যেগউ সম্পাদনা করানি পারতারা।</p> {| === ইনসাইক্লোপিডিয়া === |- | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" | width="10%" | [[Image:Nuvola apps kalzium.png|50px|Zienziah Naturaleh]] | width="90%" style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/bpy/গনিত|গনিত]] , [[Test-wp/bpy/প্রকৃতি|প্রকৃতি]] বারো [[Test-wp/bpy/বিজ্ঞান|বিজ্ঞান]]'''<br/> <font color="green"> [[Test-wp/bpy/পশু বিজ্ঞান|পশু বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/লুক বিজ্ঞান|লুক বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/জ্যামিতি|জ্যামিতি]] </font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps browser.png|50px|Zienziah Zozialeh]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/npy/মানু|মানু]] বারো [[Test-wp/bpy/সমাজর বিজ্ঞান|সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] '''<br/><font color="green"> [[Test-wp/bpy/মানুর বিজ্ঞান|মানুর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/সমাজর বিজ্ঞান|সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/ভূগোল|ভূগোল]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/ধর্ম|ধর্ম]]</font> '''</big><br/> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps mycomputer.png|50px|Teknolohía]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/bpy/কম্পিউটার বারো প্রযুক্তি|কম্পিউটার বারো প্রযুক্তি]]'''<br/><font color="green"> কম্পিউটার কম্পিউটার নেটওয়ার্ক কম্পিউটার প্রোগ্রামার কম্পিউটার বিজ্ঞানী কম্পিউটার সফটওয়্যার কম্পিটার প্রোগ্রামিং </font> |} | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" | width="10%" | [[Image:Nuvola apps kcoloredit.png|50px|Arte i Kurtura]] | width="90%" style="font-family: unicode; font-size:medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/bpy/কলা|কলা]] বারো [[Test-wp/bpy/সঙস্কৃতি|সংস্কৃতি]]'''<br/><font color="green"> [[Test-wp/bpy/রূহিবৃত্তি|রূহিবৃত্তি]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/সঙস্কৃতি|সংস্কৃতি]] </font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps atlantik.png|50px|Entretenimientoh]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/bpy/হারৌ - পিয়ম|হারৌ - পিয়ম]]'''<br/> <font color="green"> [[Test-wp/bpy/এলা|এলা]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/নাচা|নাচা]]</font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps kwrite.png|50px|Index]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/bpy/দেশ|দেশ]] বারো [[Test-wp/bpy/রাজ্য|রাজ্য]]'''<br/><font color="green"> [[Test-wp/bpy/ভারত|ভারত]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/বাংলাদেশ|বাংলাদেশ]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/তিলপা রাষ্ট্র(USA)|তিলপা রাষ্ট্র(USA)|]] </font> |} |} </div> <br> ---- <br> <!-- interwiki --> [[als:]] [[ak:]] [[ar:]] [[as:]] [[bn:]] [[bh:]] [[bs:]] [[en:]] [[es:]] [[fi:]] [[fr:]] [[fy:]] [[gu:]] [[he:]] [[hi:]] [[hr:]] [[hu:]] [[io:]] [[it:]] [[ja:]] [[ko:]] [[kn:]] [[ks:]] [[ku:]] [[lb:]] [[ml:]] [[mr:]] [[nds:]] [[ne:]] [[nl:]] [[no:]] [[or:]] [[pa:]] [[pl:]] [[pt:]] [[ro:]] [[ru:]] [[sa:]] [[sd:]] [[sk:]] [[sl:]] [[sr:]] [[sv:]] [[ta:]] [[te:]] [[tr:]] [[ur:]] [[uk:]] [[zh:]] <h3 id="sister">উইকিপিডিয়ার আরআর প্রকল্প: </h3> উইকিপিডিয়া বাদেউ বেলাভ প্রতিষ্ঠান উইকিমিডিয়া ফাউন্ডেশন আরাকউ আক্কুস ঠার বারো উদুঙ-দুয়া প্রকল্পনো কাম করের: {| align="center" cellpadding="2" width="100%" |- valign="top" | colspan="3" | |- | [[Image:Wikimedia-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[m:Main Page|'''মেটা উইকি''']]<br /> উইকিমিডিয়ার প্রকল্পহাব্বির সমন্বয় | [[Image:Wiktionary-logo-en.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[wikt:|'''উইকিনারি''']]<br />শব্দকোষ | [[Image:Commons-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[commons:|'''উইকমিডিয়া কমন্স''']]<br />পাতাপলসি মিডিয়ার ভান্ডার | [[Image:Wikibooks-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[b:|'''উইকিলেরিক''']]<br />উদুম-দুয়া লেরিক বারো পাকরিলতা |- | [[Image:Wikiquote-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[q:|'''উইকিউক্তি''']]<br />উক্তিহাবির তিলপা জাগা | [[Image:Wikisource-logo.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[wikisource:|'''উইকিসোর্স''']]<br />উদুম-দুয়া লেরিকসাঙ | [[Image:Wikispecies-logo.png|35px|Wikispecies]] | [[Wikispecies:|'''উইকিপ্রজাতি''']]<br />জীব প্রজাতিহাবির নির্দেশিকাহান | [[Image:Wikinews-logo.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[n:|'''উইকিপৌ''']]<br />উদুম-দুয়া উইকি পৌ |} [[Category:Test-wp]] 34 2006-07-31T00:12:44Z 70.239.22.58 <div style="background-color:#FFFBF0; padding:10px; border:2px solid green;"> <p style="text-align: center"> <big>'''বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী ঠারর উইকিপিডিয়া'''</big> (''' Bishnupriya Manipuri Wikipedia''') </p> <p style="margin: 0.5em 0 0 3%; text-align: center; font-size: 125%; line-height: 1.3"> '''[[উইকিপিডিয়া]]'''-ত [[উইকিপেডিয়াত:স্বাগতম, নুওয়াতা|স্বাগতম]]। <p>উইকিপিডিয়া এহান ইন্টানেটর উন্মুক্ত [[বিশ্বকোষ]]হান যেহান [[m:List of Wikipedias|১০০হারউ গজে ঠারলো]] পানা য়্যাকরের। এহান যেগউ সম্পাদনা করানি পারতারা।</p> {| === ইনসাইক্লোপিডিয়া === |- | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" | width="10%" | [[Image:Nuvola apps kalzium.png|50px|Zienziah Naturaleh]] | width="90%" style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/bpy/গনিত|গনিত]] , [[Test-wp/bpy/প্রকৃতি|প্রকৃতি]] বারো [[Test-wp/bpy/বিজ্ঞান|বিজ্ঞান]]'''<br/> <font color="green"> [[Test-wp/bpy/পশু বিজ্ঞান|পশু বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/লুক বিজ্ঞান|লুক বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/জ্যামিতি|জ্যামিতি]] </font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps browser.png|50px|Zienziah Zozialeh]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/npy/মানু|মানু]] বারো [[Test-wp/bpy/সমাজর বিজ্ঞান|সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] '''<br/><font color="green"> [[Test-wp/bpy/মানুর বিজ্ঞান|মানুর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/সমাজর বিজ্ঞান|সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/ভূগোল|ভূগোল]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/ধর্ম|ধর্ম]]</font> '''</big><br/> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps mycomputer.png|50px|Teknolohía]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/bpy/কম্পিউটার বারো প্রযুক্তি|কম্পিউটার বারো প্রযুক্তি]]'''<br/><font color="green"> কম্পিউটার কম্পিউটার নেটওয়ার্ক কম্পিউটার প্রোগ্রামার কম্পিউটার বিজ্ঞানী কম্পিউটার সফটওয়্যার কম্পিটার প্রোগ্রামিং </font> |} | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" | width="10%" | [[Image:Nuvola apps kcoloredit.png|50px|Arte i Kurtura]] | width="90%" style="font-family: unicode; font-size:medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/bpy/কলা|কলা]] বারো [[Test-wp/bpy/সঙস্কৃতি|সংস্কৃতি]]'''<br/><font color="green"> [[Test-wp/bpy/রূহিবৃত্তি|রূহিবৃত্তি]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/সঙস্কৃতি|সংস্কৃতি]] </font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps atlantik.png|50px|Entretenimientoh]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/bpy/হারৌ - পিয়ম|হারৌ - পিয়ম]]'''<br/> <font color="green"> [[Test-wp/bpy/এলা|এলা]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/নাচা|নাচা]]</font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps kwrite.png|50px|Index]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/bpy/দেশ|দেশ]] বারো [[Test-wp/bpy/রাজ্য|রাজ্য]]'''<br/><font color="green"> [[Test-wp/bpy/ভারত|ভারত]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/বাংলাদেশ|বাংলাদেশ]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/তিলপা রাষ্ট্র(USA)|তিলপা রাষ্ট্র(USA)|]] </font> |} |} </div> <br> ---- <br> <!-- interwiki --> [[als:]] [[ak:]] [[ar:]] [[as:]] [[bn:]] [[bh:]] [[bs:]] [[en:]] [[es:]] [[fi:]] [[fr:]] [[fy:]] [[gu:]] [[he:]] [[hi:]] [[hr:]] [[hu:]] [[io:]] [[it:]] [[ja:]] [[ko:]] [[kn:]] [[ks:]] [[ku:]] [[lb:]] [[ml:]] [[mr:]] [[nds:]] [[ne:]] [[nl:]] [[no:]] [[or:]] [[pa:]] [[pl:]] [[pt:]] [[ro:]] [[ru:]] [[sa:]] [[sd:]] [[sk:]] [[sl:]] [[sr:]] [[sv:]] [[ta:]] [[te:]] [[tr:]] [[ur:]] [[uk:]] [[zh:]] <h3 id="sister">উইকিপিডিয়ার আরআর প্রকল্প: </h3> উইকিপিডিয়া বাদেউ বেলাভ প্রতিষ্ঠান উইকিমিডিয়া ফাউন্ডেশন আরাকউ আক্কুস ঠার বারো উদুঙ-দুয়া প্রকল্পনো কাম করের: {| align="center" cellpadding="2" width="100%" |- valign="top" | colspan="3" | |- | [[Image:Wikimedia-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[m:Main Page|'''মেটা উইকি''']]<br /> উইকিমিডিয়ার প্রকল্পহাব্বির সমন্বয় | [[Image:Wiktionary-logo-en.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[wikt:|'''উইকিনারি''']]<br />শব্দকোষ | [[Image:Commons-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[commons:|'''উইকমিডিয়া কমন্স''']]<br />পাতাপলসি মিডিয়ার ভান্ডার | [[Image:Wikibooks-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[b:|'''উইকিলেরিক''']]<br />উদুম-দুয়া লেরিক বারো পাকরিলতা |- | [[Image:Wikiquote-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[q:|'''উইকিউক্তি''']]<br />উক্তিহাবির তিলপা জাগা | [[Image:Wikisource-logo.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[wikisource:|'''উইকিসোর্স''']]<br />উদুম-দুয়া লেরিকসাঙ | [[Image:Wikispecies-logo.png|35px|Wikispecies]] | [[Wikispecies:|'''উইকিপ্রজাতি''']]<br />জীব প্রজাতিহাবির নির্দেশিকাহান | [[Image:Wikinews-logo.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[n:|'''উইকিপৌ''']]<br />উদুম-দুয়া উইকি পৌ |} [[Category:Test-wp]] 35 2006-08-03T20:40:15Z Usingha /* ইনসাইক্লোপিডিয়া */ <div style="background-color:#FFFBF0; padding:10px; border:2px solid green;"> <p style="text-align: center"> <big>'''বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী ঠারর উইকিপিডিয়া'''</big> (''' Bishnupriya Manipuri Wikipedia''') </p> <p style="margin: 0.5em 0 0 3%; text-align: center; font-size: 125%; line-height: 1.3"> '''[[উইকিপিডিয়া]]'''-ত [[উইকিপেডিয়াত:স্বাগতম, নুওয়াতা|স্বাগতম]]। <p>উইকিপিডিয়া এহান ইন্টানেটর উন্মুক্ত [[বিশ্বকোষ]]হান যেহান [[m:List of Wikipedias|১০০হারউ গজে ঠারলো]] পানা য়্যাকরের। এহান যেগউ সম্পাদনা করানি পারতারা।</p> {| === ইনসাইক্লোপিডিয়া === |- | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" | width="10%" | [[Image:Nuvola apps kalzium.png|50px|Zienziah Naturaleh]] | width="90%" style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/bpy/গনিত|গনিত]] , [[Test-wp/bpy/প্রকৃতি|প্রকৃতি]] বারো [[Test-wp/bpy/বিজ্ঞান|বিজ্ঞান]]'''<br/> <font color="green"> [[Test-wp/bpy/পশু বিজ্ঞান|পশু বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/লুক বিজ্ঞান|লুক বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/জ্যামিতি|জ্যামিতি]] </font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps browser.png|50px|Zienziah Zozialeh]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/npy/মানু|মানু]] বারো [[Test-wp/bpy/সমাজর বিজ্ঞান|সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] '''<br/><font color="green"> [[Test-wp/bpy/মানুর বিজ্ঞান|মানুর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/সমাজর বিজ্ঞান|সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/ভূগোল|ভূগোল]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/ধর্ম|ধর্ম]]</font> '''</big><br/> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps mycomputer.png|50px|Teknolohía]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/bpy/কম্পিউটার বারো প্রযুক্তি|কম্পিউটার বারো প্রযুক্তি]]'''<br/><font color="green"> কম্পিউটার কম্পিউটার নেটওয়ার্ক কম্পিউটার প্রোগ্রামার কম্পিউটার বিজ্ঞানী কম্পিউটার সফটওয়্যার কম্পিটার প্রোগ্রামিং </font> |} | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" | width="10%" | [[Image:Nuvola apps kcoloredit.png|50px|Arte i Kurtura]] | width="90%" style="font-family: unicode; font-size:medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/bpy/কলা|কলা]] বারো [[Test-wp/bpy/সঙস্কৃতি|সংস্কৃতি]]'''<br/><font color="green"> [[Test-wp/bpy/রূহিবৃত্তি|রূহিবৃত্তি]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/সংস্কৃতি|সংস্কৃতি]] </font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps atlantik.png|50px|Entretenimientoh]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/bpy/হারৌ - পিয়ম|হারৌ - পিয়ম]]'''<br/> <font color="green"> [[Test-wp/bpy/এলা|এলা]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/নাচা|নাচা]]</font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps kwrite.png|50px|Index]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/bpy/দেশ|দেশ]] বারো [[Test-wp/bpy/রাজ্য|রাজ্য]]'''<br/><font color="green"> [[Test-wp/bpy/ভারত|ভারত]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/বাংলাদেশ|বাংলাদেশ]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/তিলপা রাষ্ট্র(USA)|তিলপা রাষ্ট্র(USA)|]] </font> |} |} </div> <br> ---- <br> <!-- interwiki --> [[als:]] [[ak:]] [[ar:]] [[as:]] [[bn:]] [[bh:]] [[bs:]] [[en:]] [[es:]] [[fi:]] [[fr:]] [[fy:]] [[gu:]] [[he:]] [[hi:]] [[hr:]] [[hu:]] [[io:]] [[it:]] [[ja:]] [[ko:]] [[kn:]] [[ks:]] [[ku:]] [[lb:]] [[ml:]] [[mr:]] [[nds:]] [[ne:]] [[nl:]] [[no:]] [[or:]] [[pa:]] [[pl:]] [[pt:]] [[ro:]] [[ru:]] [[sa:]] [[sd:]] [[sk:]] [[sl:]] [[sr:]] [[sv:]] [[ta:]] [[te:]] [[tr:]] [[ur:]] [[uk:]] [[zh:]] <h3 id="sister">উইকিপিডিয়ার আরআর প্রকল্প: </h3> উইকিপিডিয়া বাদেউ বেলাভ প্রতিষ্ঠান উইকিমিডিয়া ফাউন্ডেশন আরাকউ আক্কুস ঠার বারো উদুঙ-দুয়া প্রকল্পনো কাম করের: {| align="center" cellpadding="2" width="100%" |- valign="top" | colspan="3" | |- | [[Image:Wikimedia-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[m:Main Page|'''মেটা উইকি''']]<br /> উইকিমিডিয়ার প্রকল্পহাব্বির সমন্বয় | [[Image:Wiktionary-logo-en.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[wikt:|'''উইকিনারি''']]<br />শব্দকোষ | [[Image:Commons-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[commons:|'''উইকমিডিয়া কমন্স''']]<br />পাতাপলসি মিডিয়ার ভান্ডার | [[Image:Wikibooks-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[b:|'''উইকিলেরিক''']]<br />উদুম-দুয়া লেরিক বারো পাকরিলতা |- | [[Image:Wikiquote-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[q:|'''উইকিউক্তি''']]<br />উক্তিহাবির তিলপা জাগা | [[Image:Wikisource-logo.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[wikisource:|'''উইকিসোর্স''']]<br />উদুম-দুয়া লেরিকসাঙ | [[Image:Wikispecies-logo.png|35px|Wikispecies]] | [[Wikispecies:|'''উইকিপ্রজাতি''']]<br />জীব প্রজাতিহাবির নির্দেশিকাহান | [[Image:Wikinews-logo.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[n:|'''উইকিপৌ''']]<br />উদুম-দুয়া উইকি পৌ |} [[Category:Test-wp]] 36 2006-08-03T20:41:07Z Usingha /* ইনসাইক্লোপিডিয়া */ <div style="background-color:#FFFBF0; padding:10px; border:2px solid green;"> <p style="text-align: center"> <big>'''বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী ঠারর উইকিপিডিয়া'''</big> (''' Bishnupriya Manipuri Wikipedia''') </p> <p style="margin: 0.5em 0 0 3%; text-align: center; font-size: 125%; line-height: 1.3"> '''[[উইকিপিডিয়া]]'''-ত [[উইকিপেডিয়াত:স্বাগতম, নুওয়াতা|স্বাগতম]]। <p>উইকিপিডিয়া এহান ইন্টানেটর উন্মুক্ত [[বিশ্বকোষ]]হান যেহান [[m:List of Wikipedias|১০০হারউ গজে ঠারলো]] পানা য়্যাকরের। এহান যেগউ সম্পাদনা করানি পারতারা।</p> {| === ইনসাইক্লোপিডিয়া === |- | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" | width="10%" | [[Image:Nuvola apps kalzium.png|50px|Zienziah Naturaleh]] | width="90%" style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/bpy/গনিত|গনিত]] , [[Test-wp/bpy/প্রকৃতি|প্রকৃতি]] বারো [[Test-wp/bpy/বিজ্ঞান|বিজ্ঞান]]'''<br/> <font color="green"> [[Test-wp/bpy/পশু বিজ্ঞান|পশু বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/লুক বিজ্ঞান|লুক বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/জ্যামিতি|জ্যামিতি]] </font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps browser.png|50px|Zienziah Zozialeh]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/npy/মানু|মানু]] বারো [[Test-wp/bpy/সমাজর বিজ্ঞান|সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] '''<br/><font color="green"> [[Test-wp/bpy/মানুর বিজ্ঞান|মানুর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/সমাজর বিজ্ঞান|সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/ভূগোল|ভূগোল]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/ধর্ম|ধর্ম]]</font> '''</big><br/> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps mycomputer.png|50px|Teknolohía]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/bpy/কম্পিউটার বারো প্রযুক্তি|কম্পিউটার বারো প্রযুক্তি]]'''<br/><font color="green"> কম্পিউটার কম্পিউটার নেটওয়ার্ক কম্পিউটার প্রোগ্রামার কম্পিউটার বিজ্ঞানী কম্পিউটার সফটওয়্যার কম্পিটার প্রোগ্রামিং </font> |} | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" | width="10%" | [[Image:Nuvola apps kcoloredit.png|50px|Arte i Kurtura]] | width="90%" style="font-family: unicode; font-size:medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/bpy/কলা|কলা]] বারো [[Test-wp/bpy/সংস্কৃতি|সংস্কৃতি]]'''<br/><font color="green"> [[Test-wp/bpy/রূহিবৃত্তি|রূহিবৃত্তি]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/সংস্কৃতি|সংস্কৃতি]] </font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps atlantik.png|50px|Entretenimientoh]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/bpy/হারৌ - পিয়ম|হারৌ - পিয়ম]]'''<br/> <font color="green"> [[Test-wp/bpy/এলা|এলা]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/নাচা|নাচা]]</font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps kwrite.png|50px|Index]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/bpy/দেশ|দেশ]] বারো [[Test-wp/bpy/রাজ্য|রাজ্য]]'''<br/><font color="green"> [[Test-wp/bpy/ভারত|ভারত]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/বাংলাদেশ|বাংলাদেশ]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/তিলপা রাষ্ট্র(USA)|তিলপা রাষ্ট্র(USA)|]] </font> |} |} </div> <br> ---- <br> <!-- interwiki --> [[als:]] [[ak:]] [[ar:]] [[as:]] [[bn:]] [[bh:]] [[bs:]] [[en:]] [[es:]] [[fi:]] [[fr:]] [[fy:]] [[gu:]] [[he:]] [[hi:]] [[hr:]] [[hu:]] [[io:]] [[it:]] [[ja:]] [[ko:]] [[kn:]] [[ks:]] [[ku:]] [[lb:]] [[ml:]] [[mr:]] [[nds:]] [[ne:]] [[nl:]] [[no:]] [[or:]] [[pa:]] [[pl:]] [[pt:]] [[ro:]] [[ru:]] [[sa:]] [[sd:]] [[sk:]] [[sl:]] [[sr:]] [[sv:]] [[ta:]] [[te:]] [[tr:]] [[ur:]] [[uk:]] [[zh:]] <h3 id="sister">উইকিপিডিয়ার আরআর প্রকল্প: </h3> উইকিপিডিয়া বাদেউ বেলাভ প্রতিষ্ঠান উইকিমিডিয়া ফাউন্ডেশন আরাকউ আক্কুস ঠার বারো উদুঙ-দুয়া প্রকল্পনো কাম করের: {| align="center" cellpadding="2" width="100%" |- valign="top" | colspan="3" | |- | [[Image:Wikimedia-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[m:Main Page|'''মেটা উইকি''']]<br /> উইকিমিডিয়ার প্রকল্পহাব্বির সমন্বয় | [[Image:Wiktionary-logo-en.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[wikt:|'''উইকিনারি''']]<br />শব্দকোষ | [[Image:Commons-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[commons:|'''উইকমিডিয়া কমন্স''']]<br />পাতাপলসি মিডিয়ার ভান্ডার | [[Image:Wikibooks-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[b:|'''উইকিলেরিক''']]<br />উদুম-দুয়া লেরিক বারো পাকরিলতা |- | [[Image:Wikiquote-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[q:|'''উইকিউক্তি''']]<br />উক্তিহাবির তিলপা জাগা | [[Image:Wikisource-logo.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[wikisource:|'''উইকিসোর্স''']]<br />উদুম-দুয়া লেরিকসাঙ | [[Image:Wikispecies-logo.png|35px|Wikispecies]] | [[Wikispecies:|'''উইকিপ্রজাতি''']]<br />জীব প্রজাতিহাবির নির্দেশিকাহান | [[Image:Wikinews-logo.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[n:|'''উইকিপৌ''']]<br />উদুম-দুয়া উইকি পৌ |} [[Category:Test-wp]] 37 2006-08-05T13:08:08Z W [[Test-wp/bpy/]] moved to [[Test-wp/bpy]]: correct the link <div style="background-color:#FFFBF0; padding:10px; border:2px solid green;"> <p style="text-align: center"> <big>'''বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী ঠারর উইকিপিডিয়া'''</big> (''' Bishnupriya Manipuri Wikipedia''') </p> <p style="margin: 0.5em 0 0 3%; text-align: center; font-size: 125%; line-height: 1.3"> '''[[উইকিপিডিয়া]]'''-ত [[উইকিপেডিয়াত:স্বাগতম, নুওয়াতা|স্বাগতম]]। <p>উইকিপিডিয়া এহান ইন্টানেটর উন্মুক্ত [[বিশ্বকোষ]]হান যেহান [[m:List of Wikipedias|১০০হারউ গজে ঠারলো]] পানা য়্যাকরের। এহান যেগউ সম্পাদনা করানি পারতারা।</p> {| === ইনসাইক্লোপিডিয়া === |- | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" | width="10%" | [[Image:Nuvola apps kalzium.png|50px|Zienziah Naturaleh]] | width="90%" style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/bpy/গনিত|গনিত]] , [[Test-wp/bpy/প্রকৃতি|প্রকৃতি]] বারো [[Test-wp/bpy/বিজ্ঞান|বিজ্ঞান]]'''<br/> <font color="green"> [[Test-wp/bpy/পশু বিজ্ঞান|পশু বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/লুক বিজ্ঞান|লুক বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/জ্যামিতি|জ্যামিতি]] </font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps browser.png|50px|Zienziah Zozialeh]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/npy/মানু|মানু]] বারো [[Test-wp/bpy/সমাজর বিজ্ঞান|সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] '''<br/><font color="green"> [[Test-wp/bpy/মানুর বিজ্ঞান|মানুর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/সমাজর বিজ্ঞান|সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/ভূগোল|ভূগোল]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/ধর্ম|ধর্ম]]</font> '''</big><br/> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps mycomputer.png|50px|Teknolohía]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/bpy/কম্পিউটার বারো প্রযুক্তি|কম্পিউটার বারো প্রযুক্তি]]'''<br/><font color="green"> কম্পিউটার কম্পিউটার নেটওয়ার্ক কম্পিউটার প্রোগ্রামার কম্পিউটার বিজ্ঞানী কম্পিউটার সফটওয়্যার কম্পিটার প্রোগ্রামিং </font> |} | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" | width="10%" | [[Image:Nuvola apps kcoloredit.png|50px|Arte i Kurtura]] | width="90%" style="font-family: unicode; font-size:medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/bpy/কলা|কলা]] বারো [[Test-wp/bpy/সংস্কৃতি|সংস্কৃতি]]'''<br/><font color="green"> [[Test-wp/bpy/রূহিবৃত্তি|রূহিবৃত্তি]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/সংস্কৃতি|সংস্কৃতি]] </font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps atlantik.png|50px|Entretenimientoh]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/bpy/হারৌ - পিয়ম|হারৌ - পিয়ম]]'''<br/> <font color="green"> [[Test-wp/bpy/এলা|এলা]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/নাচা|নাচা]]</font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps kwrite.png|50px|Index]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/bpy/দেশ|দেশ]] বারো [[Test-wp/bpy/রাজ্য|রাজ্য]]'''<br/><font color="green"> [[Test-wp/bpy/ভারত|ভারত]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/বাংলাদেশ|বাংলাদেশ]] - [[Test-wp/bpy/তিলপা রাষ্ট্র(USA)|তিলপা রাষ্ট্র(USA)|]] </font> |} |} </div> <br> ---- <br> <!-- interwiki --> [[als:]] [[ak:]] [[ar:]] [[as:]] [[bn:]] [[bh:]] [[bs:]] [[en:]] [[es:]] [[fi:]] [[fr:]] [[fy:]] [[gu:]] [[he:]] [[hi:]] [[hr:]] [[hu:]] [[io:]] [[it:]] [[ja:]] [[ko:]] [[kn:]] [[ks:]] [[ku:]] [[lb:]] [[ml:]] [[mr:]] [[nds:]] [[ne:]] [[nl:]] [[no:]] [[or:]] [[pa:]] [[pl:]] [[pt:]] [[ro:]] [[ru:]] [[sa:]] [[sd:]] [[sk:]] [[sl:]] [[sr:]] [[sv:]] [[ta:]] [[te:]] [[tr:]] [[ur:]] [[uk:]] [[zh:]] <h3 id="sister">উইকিপিডিয়ার আরআর প্রকল্প: </h3> উইকিপিডিয়া বাদেউ বেলাভ প্রতিষ্ঠান উইকিমিডিয়া ফাউন্ডেশন আরাকউ আক্কুস ঠার বারো উদুঙ-দুয়া প্রকল্পনো কাম করের: {| align="center" cellpadding="2" width="100%" |- valign="top" | colspan="3" | |- | [[Image:Wikimedia-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[m:Main Page|'''মেটা উইকি''']]<br /> উইকিমিডিয়ার প্রকল্পহাব্বির সমন্বয় | [[Image:Wiktionary-logo-en.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[wikt:|'''উইকিনারি''']]<br />শব্দকোষ | [[Image:Commons-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[commons:|'''উইকমিডিয়া কমন্স''']]<br />পাতাপলসি মিডিয়ার ভান্ডার | [[Image:Wikibooks-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[b:|'''উইকিলেরিক''']]<br />উদুম-দুয়া লেরিক বারো পাকরিলতা |- | [[Image:Wikiquote-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[q:|'''উইকিউক্তি''']]<br />উক্তিহাবির তিলপা জাগা | [[Image:Wikisource-logo.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[wikisource:|'''উইকিসোর্স''']]<br />উদুম-দুয়া লেরিকসাঙ | [[Image:Wikispecies-logo.png|35px|Wikispecies]] | [[Wikispecies:|'''উইকিপ্রজাতি''']]<br />জীব প্রজাতিহাবির নির্দেশিকাহান | [[Image:Wikinews-logo.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[n:|'''উইকিপৌ''']]<br />উদুম-দুয়া উইকি পৌ |} [[Category:Test-wp]] 81 2006-10-02T13:23:56Z Incubator import 6 Fixing internal links <div style="background-color:#FFFBF0; padding:10px; border:2px solid green;"> <p style="text-align: center"> <big>'''বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী ঠারর উইকিপিডিয়া'''</big> (''' Bishnupriya Manipuri Wikipedia''') </p> <p style="margin: 0.5em 0 0 3%; text-align: center; font-size: 125%; line-height: 1.3"> '''[[উইকিপিডিয়া]]'''-ত [[উইকিপেডিয়াত:স্বাগতম, নুওয়াতা|স্বাগতম]]। <p>উইকিপিডিয়া এহান ইন্টানেটর উন্মুক্ত [[বিশ্বকোষ]]হান যেহান [[m:List of Wikipedias|১০০হারউ গজে ঠারলো]] পানা য়্যাকরের। এহান যেগউ সম্পাদনা করানি পারতারা।</p> {| === ইনসাইক্লোপিডিয়া === |- | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" | width="10%" | [[Image:Nuvola apps kalzium.png|50px|Zienziah Naturaleh]] | width="90%" style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[গনিত]] , [[প্রকৃতি]] বারো [[বিজ্ঞান]]'''<br/> <font color="green"> [[পশু বিজ্ঞান]] - [[লুক বিজ্ঞান]] - [[জ্যামিতি]] </font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps browser.png|50px|Zienziah Zozialeh]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/npy/মানু|মানু]] বারো [[সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] '''<br/><font color="green"> [[মানুর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[ভূগোল]] - [[ধর্ম]]</font> '''</big><br/> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps mycomputer.png|50px|Teknolohía]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[কম্পিউটার বারো প্রযুক্তি]]'''<br/><font color="green"> কম্পিউটার কম্পিউটার নেটওয়ার্ক কম্পিউটার প্রোগ্রামার কম্পিউটার বিজ্ঞানী কম্পিউটার সফটওয়্যার কম্পিটার প্রোগ্রামিং </font> |} | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" | width="10%" | [[Image:Nuvola apps kcoloredit.png|50px|Arte i Kurtura]] | width="90%" style="font-family: unicode; font-size:medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[কলা]] বারো [[সংস্কৃতি]]'''<br/><font color="green"> [[রূহিবৃত্তি]] - [[সংস্কৃতি]] </font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps atlantik.png|50px|Entretenimientoh]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[হারৌ - পিয়ম]]'''<br/> <font color="green"> [[এলা]] - [[নাচা]]</font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps kwrite.png|50px|Index]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[দেশ]] বারো [[রাজ্য]]'''<br/><font color="green"> [[ভারত]] - [[বাংলাদেশ]] - [[তিলপা রাষ্ট্র(USA)|তিলপা রাষ্ট্র(USA)|]] </font> |} |} </div> <br> ---- <br> <!-- interwiki --> [[als:]] [[ak:]] [[ar:]] [[as:]] [[bn:]] [[bh:]] [[bs:]] [[en:]] [[es:]] [[fi:]] [[fr:]] [[fy:]] [[gu:]] [[he:]] [[hi:]] [[hr:]] [[hu:]] [[io:]] [[it:]] [[ja:]] [[ko:]] [[kn:]] [[ks:]] [[ku:]] [[lb:]] [[ml:]] [[mr:]] [[nds:]] [[ne:]] [[nl:]] [[no:]] [[or:]] [[pa:]] [[pl:]] [[pt:]] [[ro:]] [[ru:]] [[sa:]] [[sd:]] [[sk:]] [[sl:]] [[sr:]] [[sv:]] [[ta:]] [[te:]] [[tr:]] [[ur:]] [[uk:]] [[zh:]] <h3 id="sister">উইকিপিডিয়ার আরআর প্রকল্প: </h3> উইকিপিডিয়া বাদেউ বেলাভ প্রতিষ্ঠান উইকিমিডিয়া ফাউন্ডেশন আরাকউ আক্কুস ঠার বারো উদুঙ-দুয়া প্রকল্পনো কাম করের: {| align="center" cellpadding="2" width="100%" |- valign="top" | colspan="3" | |- | [[Image:Wikimedia-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[m:Main Page|'''মেটা উইকি''']]<br /> উইকিমিডিয়ার প্রকল্পহাব্বির সমন্বয় | [[Image:Wiktionary-logo-en.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[wikt:|'''উইকিনারি''']]<br />শব্দকোষ | [[Image:Commons-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[commons:|'''উইকমিডিয়া কমন্স''']]<br />পাতাপলসি মিডিয়ার ভান্ডার | [[Image:Wikibooks-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[b:|'''উইকিলেরিক''']]<br />উদুম-দুয়া লেরিক বারো পাকরিলতা |- | [[Image:Wikiquote-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[q:|'''উইকিউক্তি''']]<br />উক্তিহাবির তিলপা জাগা | [[Image:Wikisource-logo.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[wikisource:|'''উইকিসোর্স''']]<br />উদুম-দুয়া লেরিকসাঙ | [[Image:Wikispecies-logo.png|35px|Wikispecies]] | [[Wikispecies:|'''উইকিপ্রজাতি''']]<br />জীব প্রজাতিহাবির নির্দেশিকাহান | [[Image:Wikinews-logo.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[n:|'''উইকিপৌ''']]<br />উদুম-দুয়া উইকি পৌ |} [[Category:Test-wp]] 103 2006-10-02T13:24:00Z Incubator import 6 [[Test-wp/bpy]] moved to [[প্রধান পাতা]] <div style="background-color:#FFFBF0; padding:10px; border:2px solid green;"> <p style="text-align: center"> <big>'''বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী ঠারর উইকিপিডিয়া'''</big> (''' Bishnupriya Manipuri Wikipedia''') </p> <p style="margin: 0.5em 0 0 3%; text-align: center; font-size: 125%; line-height: 1.3"> '''[[উইকিপিডিয়া]]'''-ত [[উইকিপেডিয়াত:স্বাগতম, নুওয়াতা|স্বাগতম]]। <p>উইকিপিডিয়া এহান ইন্টানেটর উন্মুক্ত [[বিশ্বকোষ]]হান যেহান [[m:List of Wikipedias|১০০হারউ গজে ঠারলো]] পানা য়্যাকরের। এহান যেগউ সম্পাদনা করানি পারতারা।</p> {| === ইনসাইক্লোপিডিয়া === |- | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" | width="10%" | [[Image:Nuvola apps kalzium.png|50px|Zienziah Naturaleh]] | width="90%" style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[গনিত]] , [[প্রকৃতি]] বারো [[বিজ্ঞান]]'''<br/> <font color="green"> [[পশু বিজ্ঞান]] - [[লুক বিজ্ঞান]] - [[জ্যামিতি]] </font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps browser.png|50px|Zienziah Zozialeh]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/npy/মানু|মানু]] বারো [[সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] '''<br/><font color="green"> [[মানুর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[ভূগোল]] - [[ধর্ম]]</font> '''</big><br/> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps mycomputer.png|50px|Teknolohía]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[কম্পিউটার বারো প্রযুক্তি]]'''<br/><font color="green"> কম্পিউটার কম্পিউটার নেটওয়ার্ক কম্পিউটার প্রোগ্রামার কম্পিউটার বিজ্ঞানী কম্পিউটার সফটওয়্যার কম্পিটার প্রোগ্রামিং </font> |} | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" | width="10%" | [[Image:Nuvola apps kcoloredit.png|50px|Arte i Kurtura]] | width="90%" style="font-family: unicode; font-size:medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[কলা]] বারো [[সংস্কৃতি]]'''<br/><font color="green"> [[রূহিবৃত্তি]] - [[সংস্কৃতি]] </font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps atlantik.png|50px|Entretenimientoh]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[হারৌ - পিয়ম]]'''<br/> <font color="green"> [[এলা]] - [[নাচা]]</font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps kwrite.png|50px|Index]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[দেশ]] বারো [[রাজ্য]]'''<br/><font color="green"> [[ভারত]] - [[বাংলাদেশ]] - [[তিলপা রাষ্ট্র(USA)|তিলপা রাষ্ট্র(USA)|]] </font> |} |} </div> <br> ---- <br> <!-- interwiki --> [[als:]] [[ak:]] [[ar:]] [[as:]] [[bn:]] [[bh:]] [[bs:]] [[en:]] [[es:]] [[fi:]] [[fr:]] [[fy:]] [[gu:]] [[he:]] [[hi:]] [[hr:]] [[hu:]] [[io:]] [[it:]] [[ja:]] [[ko:]] [[kn:]] [[ks:]] [[ku:]] [[lb:]] [[ml:]] [[mr:]] [[nds:]] [[ne:]] [[nl:]] [[no:]] [[or:]] [[pa:]] [[pl:]] [[pt:]] [[ro:]] [[ru:]] [[sa:]] [[sd:]] [[sk:]] [[sl:]] [[sr:]] [[sv:]] [[ta:]] [[te:]] [[tr:]] [[ur:]] [[uk:]] [[zh:]] <h3 id="sister">উইকিপিডিয়ার আরআর প্রকল্প: </h3> উইকিপিডিয়া বাদেউ বেলাভ প্রতিষ্ঠান উইকিমিডিয়া ফাউন্ডেশন আরাকউ আক্কুস ঠার বারো উদুঙ-দুয়া প্রকল্পনো কাম করের: {| align="center" cellpadding="2" width="100%" |- valign="top" | colspan="3" | |- | [[Image:Wikimedia-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[m:Main Page|'''মেটা উইকি''']]<br /> উইকিমিডিয়ার প্রকল্পহাব্বির সমন্বয় | [[Image:Wiktionary-logo-en.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[wikt:|'''উইকিনারি''']]<br />শব্দকোষ | [[Image:Commons-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[commons:|'''উইকমিডিয়া কমন্স''']]<br />পাতাপলসি মিডিয়ার ভান্ডার | [[Image:Wikibooks-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[b:|'''উইকিলেরিক''']]<br />উদুম-দুয়া লেরিক বারো পাকরিলতা |- | [[Image:Wikiquote-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[q:|'''উইকিউক্তি''']]<br />উক্তিহাবির তিলপা জাগা | [[Image:Wikisource-logo.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[wikisource:|'''উইকিসোর্স''']]<br />উদুম-দুয়া লেরিকসাঙ | [[Image:Wikispecies-logo.png|35px|Wikispecies]] | [[Wikispecies:|'''উইকিপ্রজাতি''']]<br />জীব প্রজাতিহাবির নির্দেশিকাহান | [[Image:Wikinews-logo.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[n:|'''উইকিপৌ''']]<br />উদুম-দুয়া উইকি পৌ |} [[Category:Test-wp]] 153 2006-10-05T01:18:16Z Usingha 10 <div style="background-color:#FFFBF0; padding:10px; border:2px solid green;"> <p style="text-align: center"> <big>'''বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী ঠারর উইকিপিডিয়া'''</big> (''' Bishnupriya Manipuri Wikipedia''') </p> <p style="margin: 0.5em 0 0 3%; text-align: center; font-size: 125%; line-height: 1.3"> '''[[উইকিপিডিয়া]]'''-ত [[উইকিপেডিয়াত:স্বাগতম, নুওয়াতা|স্বাগতম]]। <p>উইকিপিডিয়া এহান ইন্টানেটর উন্মুক্ত [[বিশ্বকোষ]]হান যেহান [[m:List of Wikipedias|১০০হারউ গজে ঠারলো]] পানা য়্যাকরের। এহান যেগউ সম্পাদনা করানি পারতারা।</p> {| === ইনসাইক্লোপিডিয়া === |- | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" | width="10%" | [[Image:Nuvola apps kalzium.png|50px|Zienziah Naturaleh]] | width="90%" style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[গনিত]] , [[প্রকৃতি]] বারো [[বিজ্ঞান]]'''<br/> <font color="green"> [[পশু বিজ্ঞান]] - [[লুক বিজ্ঞান]] - [[জ্যামিতি]] </font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps browser.png|50px|Zienziah Zozialeh]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/npy/মানু|মানু]] বারো [[সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] '''<br/><font color="green"> [[মানুর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[ভূগোল]] - [[ধর্ম]]</font> '''</big><br/> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps mycomputer.png|50px|Teknolohía]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[কম্পিউটার বারো প্রযুক্তি]]'''<br/><font color="green"> কম্পিউটার কম্পিউটার নেটওয়ার্ক কম্পিউটার প্রোগ্রামার কম্পিউটার বিজ্ঞানী কম্পিউটার সফটওয়্যার কম্পিটার প্রোগ্রামিং </font> |} | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" | width="10%" | [[Image:Nuvola apps kcoloredit.png|50px|Arte i Kurtura]] | width="90%" style="font-family: unicode; font-size:medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[কলা]] বারো [[সংস্কৃতি]]'''<br/><font color="green"> [[রূহিবৃত্তি]] - [[সংস্কৃতি]] </font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps atlantik.png|50px|Entretenimientoh]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[হারৌ - পিয়ম]]'''<br/> <font color="green"> [[এলা]] - [[নাচা]]</font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps kwrite.png|50px|Index]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[দেশ]] বারো [[রাজ্য]]'''<br/><font color="green"> [[ভারত]] - [[বাংলাদেশ]] - [[তিলপা রাষ্ট্র(USA)|তিলপা রাষ্ট্র(USA)|]] </font> |} |} </div> <br> ---- <br> <!-- interwiki --> [[als:]] [[ak:]] [[ar:]] [[as:]] [[bn:]] [[bh:]] [[bs:]] [[en:]] [[es:]] [[fi:]] [[fr:]] [[fy:]] [[gu:]] [[he:]] [[hi:]] [[hr:]] [[hu:]] [[io:]] [[it:]] [[ja:]] [[ko:]] [[kn:]] [[ks:]] [[ku:]] [[lb:]] [[ml:]] [[mr:]] [[nds:]] [[ne:]] [[nl:]] [[no:]] [[or:]] [[pa:]] [[pl:]] [[pt:]] [[ro:]] [[ru:]] [[sa:]] [[sd:]] [[sk:]] [[sl:]] [[sr:]] [[sv:]] [[ta:]] [[te:]] [[tr:]] [[ur:]] [[uk:]] [[zh:]] <h3 id="sister">উইকিপিডিয়ার আরআর প্রকল্প: </h3> উইকিপিডিয়া বাদেউ বেলাভ প্রতিষ্ঠান উইকিমিডিয়া ফাউন্ডেশন আরাকউ আক্কুস ঠার বারো উদুঙ-দুয়া প্রকল্পনো কাম করের: {| align="center" cellpadding="2" width="100%" |- valign="top" | colspan="3" | |- | [[Image:Wikimedia-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[m:Main Page|'''মেটা উইকি''']]<br /> উইকিমিডিয়ার প্রকল্পহাব্বির সমন্বয় | [[Image:Wiktionary-logo-en.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[wikt:|'''উইকিনারি''']]<br />শব্দকোষ | [[Image:Commons-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[commons:|'''উইকমিডিয়া কমন্স''']]<br />পাতাপলসি মিডিয়ার ভান্ডার | [[Image:Wikibooks-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[b:|'''উইকিলেরিক''']]<br />উদুম-দুয়া লেরিক বারো পাকরিলতা |- | [[Image:Wikiquote-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[q:|'''উইকিউক্তি''']]<br />উক্তিহাবির তিলপা জাগা | [[Image:Wikisource-logo.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[wikisource:|'''উইকিসোর্স''']]<br />উদুম-দুয়া লেরিকসাঙ | [[Image:Wikispecies-logo.png|35px|Wikispecies]] | [[Wikispecies:|'''উইকিপ্রজাতি''']]<br />জীব প্রজাতিহাবির নির্দেশিকাহান | [[Image:Wikinews-logo.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[n:|'''উইকিপৌ''']]<br />উদুম-দুয়া উইকি পৌ |} 155 2006-10-05T01:43:48Z Usingha 10 <div style="background-color:#FFFBF0; padding:10px; border:2px solid green;"> <p style="text-align: center"> <big>'''বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী ঠারর উইকিপিডিয়া'''</big> (''' Bishnupriya Manipuri Wikipedia''') </p> <p style="margin: 0.5em 0 0 3%; text-align: center; font-size: 125%; line-height: 1.3"> '''[[উইকিপিডিয়া]]'''-ত [[উইকিপেডিয়াত:স্বাগতম, নুওয়াতা|স্বাগতম]]। <p>উইকিপিডিয়া এহান ইন্টানেটর উন্মুক্ত [[বিশ্বকোষ]]হান যেহান [[m:List of Wikipedias|১০০হারউ গজে ঠারলো]] পানা য়্যাকরের। এহান যেগউ সম্পাদনা করানি পারতারা।</p> <inputbox> type=create width=40 bgcolor=#fffbf0 preload=Template:Standard content for new page editintro=Template:Instructions default=Wp/bpy/ </inputbox> {| === ইনসাইক্লোপিডিয়া === |- | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" | width="10%" | [[Image:Nuvola apps kalzium.png|50px|Zienziah Naturaleh]] | width="90%" style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[গনিত]] , [[প্রকৃতি]] বারো [[বিজ্ঞান]]'''<br/> <font color="green"> [[পশু বিজ্ঞান]] - [[লুক বিজ্ঞান]] - [[জ্যামিতি]] </font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps browser.png|50px|Zienziah Zozialeh]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/npy/মানু|মানু]] বারো [[সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] '''<br/><font color="green"> [[মানুর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[ভূগোল]] - [[ধর্ম]]</font> '''</big><br/> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps mycomputer.png|50px|Teknolohía]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[কম্পিউটার বারো প্রযুক্তি]]'''<br/><font color="green"> কম্পিউটার কম্পিউটার নেটওয়ার্ক কম্পিউটার প্রোগ্রামার কম্পিউটার বিজ্ঞানী কম্পিউটার সফটওয়্যার কম্পিটার প্রোগ্রামিং </font> |} | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" | width="10%" | [[Image:Nuvola apps kcoloredit.png|50px|Arte i Kurtura]] | width="90%" style="font-family: unicode; font-size:medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[কলা]] বারো [[সংস্কৃতি]]'''<br/><font color="green"> [[রূহিবৃত্তি]] - [[সংস্কৃতি]] </font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps atlantik.png|50px|Entretenimientoh]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[হারৌ - পিয়ম]]'''<br/> <font color="green"> [[এলা]] - [[নাচা]]</font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps kwrite.png|50px|Index]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[দেশ]] বারো [[রাজ্য]]'''<br/><font color="green"> [[ভারত]] - [[বাংলাদেশ]] - [[তিলপা রাষ্ট্র(USA)|তিলপা রাষ্ট্র(USA)|]] </font> |} |} </div> <br> ---- <br> <!-- interwiki --> [[als:]] [[ak:]] [[ar:]] [[as:]] [[bn:]] [[bh:]] [[bs:]] [[en:]] [[es:]] [[fi:]] [[fr:]] [[fy:]] [[gu:]] [[he:]] [[hi:]] [[hr:]] [[hu:]] [[io:]] [[it:]] [[ja:]] [[ko:]] [[kn:]] [[ks:]] [[ku:]] [[lb:]] [[ml:]] [[mr:]] [[nds:]] [[ne:]] [[nl:]] [[no:]] [[or:]] [[pa:]] [[pl:]] [[pt:]] [[ro:]] [[ru:]] [[sa:]] [[sd:]] [[sk:]] [[sl:]] [[sr:]] [[sv:]] [[ta:]] [[te:]] [[tr:]] [[ur:]] [[uk:]] [[zh:]] <h3 id="sister">উইকিপিডিয়ার আরআর প্রকল্প: </h3> উইকিপিডিয়া বাদেউ বেলাভ প্রতিষ্ঠান উইকিমিডিয়া ফাউন্ডেশন আরাকউ আক্কুস ঠার বারো উদুঙ-দুয়া প্রকল্পনো কাম করের: {| align="center" cellpadding="2" width="100%" |- valign="top" | colspan="3" | |- | [[Image:Wikimedia-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[m:Main Page|'''মেটা উইকি''']]<br /> উইকিমিডিয়ার প্রকল্পহাব্বির সমন্বয় | [[Image:Wiktionary-logo-en.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[wikt:|'''উইকিনারি''']]<br />শব্দকোষ | [[Image:Commons-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[commons:|'''উইকমিডিয়া কমন্স''']]<br />পাতাপলসি মিডিয়ার ভান্ডার | [[Image:Wikibooks-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[b:|'''উইকিলেরিক''']]<br />উদুম-দুয়া লেরিক বারো পাকরিলতা |- | [[Image:Wikiquote-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[q:|'''উইকিউক্তি''']]<br />উক্তিহাবির তিলপা জাগা | [[Image:Wikisource-logo.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[wikisource:|'''উইকিসোর্স''']]<br />উদুম-দুয়া লেরিকসাঙ | [[Image:Wikispecies-logo.png|35px|Wikispecies]] | [[Wikispecies:|'''উইকিপ্রজাতি''']]<br />জীব প্রজাতিহাবির নির্দেশিকাহান | [[Image:Wikinews-logo.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[n:|'''উইকিপৌ''']]<br />উদুম-দুয়া উইকি পৌ |} 157 2006-10-05T01:46:30Z Usingha 10 <div style="background-color:#FFFBF0; padding:10px; border:2px solid green;"> <p style="text-align: center"> <big>'''বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী ঠারর উইকিপিডিয়া'''</big> (''' Bishnupriya Manipuri Wikipedia''') </p> <p style="margin: 0.5em 0 0 3%; text-align: center; font-size: 125%; line-height: 1.3"> '''[[উইকিপিডিয়া]]'''-ত [[উইকিপেডিয়াত:স্বাগতম, নুওয়াতা|স্বাগতম]]। <p>উইকিপিডিয়া এহান ইন্টানেটর উন্মুক্ত [[বিশ্বকোষ]]হান যেহান [[m:List of Wikipedias|১০০হারউ গজে ঠারলো]] পানা য়্যাকরের। এহান যেগউ সম্পাদনা করানি পারতারা।</p> <inputbox> type=create width=40 bgcolor=#fffbf0 preload=Template:Standard content for new page editintro=Template:Instructions default=bpm </inputbox> {| === ইনসাইক্লোপিডিয়া === |- | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" | width="10%" | [[Image:Nuvola apps kalzium.png|50px|Zienziah Naturaleh]] | width="90%" style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[গনিত]] , [[প্রকৃতি]] বারো [[বিজ্ঞান]]'''<br/> <font color="green"> [[পশু বিজ্ঞান]] - [[লুক বিজ্ঞান]] - [[জ্যামিতি]] </font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps browser.png|50px|Zienziah Zozialeh]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[Test-wp/npy/মানু|মানু]] বারো [[সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] '''<br/><font color="green"> [[মানুর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] - [[ভূগোল]] - [[ধর্ম]]</font> '''</big><br/> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps mycomputer.png|50px|Teknolohía]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[কম্পিউটার বারো প্রযুক্তি]]'''<br/><font color="green"> কম্পিউটার কম্পিউটার নেটওয়ার্ক কম্পিউটার প্রোগ্রামার কম্পিউটার বিজ্ঞানী কম্পিউটার সফটওয়্যার কম্পিটার প্রোগ্রামিং </font> |} | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" | width="10%" | [[Image:Nuvola apps kcoloredit.png|50px|Arte i Kurtura]] | width="90%" style="font-family: unicode; font-size:medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[কলা]] বারো [[সংস্কৃতি]]'''<br/><font color="green"> [[রূহিবৃত্তি]] - [[সংস্কৃতি]] </font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps atlantik.png|50px|Entretenimientoh]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[হারৌ - পিয়ম]]'''<br/> <font color="green"> [[এলা]] - [[নাচা]]</font> |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps kwrite.png|50px|Index]] | style="font-family: unicode; font-size: medium; border-top: 1px dashed #AAAAAA;" | '''[[দেশ]] বারো [[রাজ্য]]'''<br/><font color="green"> [[ভারত]] - [[বাংলাদেশ]] - [[তিলপা রাষ্ট্র(USA)|তিলপা রাষ্ট্র(USA)|]] </font> |} |} </div> <br> ---- <br> <!-- interwiki --> [[als:]] [[ak:]] [[ar:]] [[as:]] [[bn:]] [[bh:]] [[bs:]] [[en:]] [[es:]] [[fi:]] [[fr:]] [[fy:]] [[gu:]] [[he:]] [[hi:]] [[hr:]] [[hu:]] [[io:]] [[it:]] [[ja:]] [[ko:]] [[kn:]] [[ks:]] [[ku:]] [[lb:]] [[ml:]] [[mr:]] [[nds:]] [[ne:]] [[nl:]] [[no:]] [[or:]] [[pa:]] [[pl:]] [[pt:]] [[ro:]] [[ru:]] [[sa:]] [[sd:]] [[sk:]] [[sl:]] [[sr:]] [[sv:]] [[ta:]] [[te:]] [[tr:]] [[ur:]] [[uk:]] [[zh:]] <h3 id="sister">উইকিপিডিয়ার আরআর প্রকল্প: </h3> উইকিপিডিয়া বাদেউ বেলাভ প্রতিষ্ঠান উইকিমিডিয়া ফাউন্ডেশন আরাকউ আক্কুস ঠার বারো উদুঙ-দুয়া প্রকল্পনো কাম করের: {| align="center" cellpadding="2" width="100%" |- valign="top" | colspan="3" | |- | [[Image:Wikimedia-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[m:Main Page|'''মেটা উইকি''']]<br /> উইকিমিডিয়ার প্রকল্পহাব্বির সমন্বয় | [[Image:Wiktionary-logo-en.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[wikt:|'''উইকিনারি''']]<br />শব্দকোষ | [[Image:Commons-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[commons:|'''উইকমিডিয়া কমন্স''']]<br />পাতাপলসি মিডিয়ার ভান্ডার | [[Image:Wikibooks-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[b:|'''উইকিলেরিক''']]<br />উদুম-দুয়া লেরিক বারো পাকরিলতা |- | [[Image:Wikiquote-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[q:|'''উইকিউক্তি''']]<br />উক্তিহাবির তিলপা জাগা | [[Image:Wikisource-logo.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[wikisource:|'''উইকিসোর্স''']]<br />উদুম-দুয়া লেরিকসাঙ | [[Image:Wikispecies-logo.png|35px|Wikispecies]] | [[Wikispecies:|'''উইকিপ্রজাতি''']]<br />জীব প্রজাতিহাবির নির্দেশিকাহান | [[Image:Wikinews-logo.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[n:|'''উইকিপৌ''']]<br />উদুম-দুয়া উইকি পৌ |} 6 39 2006-08-03T20:42:46Z Usingha '''এলা''' <p>বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া।</p> ==Link== <p>[[Test-wp/bpy/|পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 82 2006-10-02T13:23:58Z Incubator import 6 Fixing internal links '''এলা''' <p>বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া।</p> ==Link== <p>[[পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 105 2006-10-02T13:24:01Z Incubator import 6 [[Test-wp/bpy/এলা]] moved to [[এলা]] '''এলা''' <p>বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া।</p> ==Link== <p>[[পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 154 2006-10-05T01:24:18Z Usingha 10 '''এলা''' <p>বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া।</p> ==Link== <p>[[bpy]]</p> 7 40 2006-08-03T20:38:22Z Usingha '''কম্পিউটার বারো প্রযুক্তি''' <p>বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া।</p> ==Link== <p>[[Test-wp/bpy/|পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 83 2006-10-02T13:23:59Z Incubator import 6 Fixing internal links '''কম্পিউটার বারো প্রযুক্তি''' <p>বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া।</p> ==Link== <p>[[পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 107 2006-10-02T13:24:01Z Incubator import 6 [[Test-wp/bpy/কম্পিউটার বারো প্রযুক্তি]] moved to [[কম্পিউটার বারো প্রযুক্তি]] '''কম্পিউটার বারো প্রযুক্তি''' <p>বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া।</p> ==Link== <p>[[পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 8 41 2006-08-03T20:38:56Z Usingha '''কলা''' <p>বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া।</p> ==Link== <p>[[Test-wp/bpy/|পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 84 2006-10-02T13:23:59Z Incubator import 6 Fixing internal links '''কলা''' <p>বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া।</p> ==Link== <p>[[পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 109 2006-10-02T13:24:01Z Incubator import 6 [[Test-wp/bpy/কলা]] moved to [[কলা]] '''কলা''' <p>বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া।</p> ==Link== <p>[[পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 158 2006-10-05T02:12:36Z Usingha 10 '''কলা''' {{for|a Unix sound server|aRts}} '''The arts''' is a broad subdivision of [[culture]], composed of many expressive disciplines. In modern usage, it is a term broader than "''[[art]]''", which usually means the [[visual arts]] (comprising both [[fine art]] and [[crafts]]). A precise definition of '''the arts''' can be contentious, but the following areas of activity usually are included: {{col-begin}} {{col-3}} * [[Architecture]] * [[Art]] & [[Visual arts]] * [[Crafts]] * [[Dance]] * [[Design]] {{col-3}} * [[Drawing]] * [[Film]] * [[Language]] * [[Literature]] * [[Music]] * [[Opera]] {{col-3}} * [[Painting]] * [[Photography]] * [[Poetry]] * [[Sculpture]] * [[Theatre]] & [[Performing arts]] {{col-end}} Historically, the arts also included the [[liberal arts]] taught in medieval universities as part of the [[Trivium]] (grammar, logic,and rhetoric) and the [[Quadrivium]] ([[grammar]], [[rhetoric]], [[logic]], [[arithmetic]], [[geometry]], [[music]], and [[astronomy]].) In modern [[academia]], the arts are usually grouped with or a subset of the [[Humanities]]. Some subjects in the Humanities are [[history]], [[linguistics]], [[literature]], [[philosophy]], [[women's studies]]. Newspapers such as the ''[[New York Times]]'' and ''[[The Times]]'' of [[London]] typically include a section on the arts. {{portal|Arts}} ==Branches== ====History==== [[Image:Gaozongquatrain.jpg|thumbnail|"Quatrain on Heavenly Mountain" by [[Emperor Gaozong of Song China|Emperor Gaozong]] (source:www.metmuseum.org)]] The great traditions in [[art]] have a foundation in the art of one of six ancient civilizations: *[[Ancient Egypt]], *[[Ancient Greece|Greece]], *[[Ancient Rome|Rome]], *[[China]], *[[Indus Valley Civilization|India]], or *[[Mesopotamia]]. Ancient Greek art saw a veneration of the human physical form and the development of equivalent skills to show musculature, poise, beauty and anatomically correct proportions. [[Roman Empire|Ancient Roman]] art depicted gods as idealized humans, shown with characteristic distinguishing features (i.e. [[Zeus]]' thunderbolt). In [[Byzantine art|Byzantine]] and [[Gothic art|Gothic]] art of the [[Middle Ages]], the dominance of the church insisted on the expression of biblical and not material truths. The [[Renaissance]] saw the return to valuation of the material world, and this shift is reflected in art forms, which show the corporeality of the human body, and the three-dimensional reality of landscape. Eastern art has generally worked in a style akin to Western medieval art, namely a concentration on surface patterning and local colour (meaning the plain colour of an object, such as basic red for a red robe, rather than the modulations of that colour brought about by light, shade and reflection). A characteristic of this style is that the local colour is often defined by an outline (a contemporary equivalent is the cartoon). This is evident in, for example, the art of India, Tibet and Japan. [[Image:Pittura-Painting3.JPG|thumb|right|An artist's palette]] Religious [[Islam]]ic art forbids iconography, and expresses religious ideas through geometry instead. The physical and rational certainties depicted by the 19th-century Enlightenment were shattered not only by new discoveries of relativity by [[Albert Einstein|Einstein]] [http://books.guardian.co.uk/review/story/0,,1035752,00.html] and of unseen psychology by [[Sigmund Freud|Freud]], [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/modsbook36.html] but also by unprecedented technological development. Increasing [[globalization|global]] interaction during this time saw an equivalent influence of other cultures into Western art. ====Media types==== [[Drawing]] is a means of making an [[image]], using any of a wide variety of tools and techniques. It generally involves making marks on a surface by applying pressure from a tool, or moving a tool across a surface. Common tools are [[graphite]] [[pencil]]s, [[pen and ink]], [[ink]]ed [[brush]]es, wax [[color pencil]]s, [[crayon]]s, [[charcoal]]s, [[pastel]]s, and [[marker pen|marker]]s. Digital tools which simulate the effects of these are also used. The main techniques used in drawing are: line drawing, [[hatching]], crosshatching, random hatching, scribbling, [[stippling]], and blending. An artist who excels in drawing is referred to as a ''draftsman'' or ''draughtsman''. =====Architecture===== [[Image:Ac.parthenon5.jpg|thumb|250px|The [[Parthenon]] on top of the [[Acropolis]], [[Athens]], [[Greece]]]] '''Architecture''' (from [[Latin language|Latin]], ''architectura'' and ultimately from [[Greek language|Greek]], ''αρχιτεκτων'', "a master builder", from ''αρχι-'' "chief, leader" and ''τεκτων'', "builder, carpenter"){{ref|etymology}} is the [[art]] and [[science]] of [[design|designing]] [[building]]s and [[structure]]s. A wider definition would include within its scope the design of the total built environment, from the macrolevel of [[town planning]], [[urban design]], and [[landscape architecture]] to the microlevel of creating [[furniture]]. Architectural design usually must address both feasibility and [[cost]] for the [[Construction|builder]], as well as function and [[aesthetics]] for the [[wiktionary:user|user]]. In modern usage, architecture is the [[art]] and [[discipline]] of creating an actual, or inferring an implied or apparent plan of any complex object or [[system]]. The term can be used to connote the ''implied architecture'' of abstract things such as [[music]] or [[mathematics]], the ''apparent architecture'' of natural things, such as [[geology|geological]] formations or the [[structural biology|structure of biological cells]], or explicitly ''planned architectures'' of human-made things such as [[software]], [[computers]], [[Enterprise architecture|enterprise]]s, and [[database]]s, in addition to buildings. In every usage, an architecture may be seen as a ''subjective [[Map (mathematics)|mapping]]'' from a human perspective (that of the ''user'' in the case of abstract or physical artifacts) to the [[Element (mathematics)|elements]] or [[wikt:component|components]] of some kind of [[structure]] or system, which preserves the relationships among the elements or components. Planned architecture often [[manipulation|manipulates]] [[space]], [[volume]], [[texture]], [[light]], [[shadow]], or abstract elements in order to achieve pleasing [[aesthetics]]. This distinguishes it from [[applied science]] or [[engineering]], which usually concentrate more on the functional and feasibility aspects of the design of constructions or structures. In the field of building architecture, the skills demanded of an architect range from the more complex, such as for a [[hospital]] or a [[stadium]], to the apparently simpler, such as planning [[residential]] houses. Many architectural works may be seen also as cultural and political [[symbol]]s, and/or works of art. The role of the architect, though changing, has been central to the successful (and sometimes less than successful) design and implementation of pleasingly built environments in which people live. [[Image:Table of architecture, Cyclopaedia, 1728, volume 1.jpg|thumb|right|160px|Table of architecture, ''[[Cyclopaedia]]'', 1728 =====Painting===== [[Image:Mona_Lisa.jpg|thumb|250px|The [[Mona Lisa]] is one of the most recognizable artistic paintings in the [[Western world]].]] '''Painting''' taken literally is the practice of applying [[pigment]] suspended in a carrier (or [[Paint#Components|medium]]) and a binding agent (a [[adhesive|glue]]) to a [[surface]] (support) such as [[paper]], [[canvas]] or a wall. However, when used in an artistic sense it means the use of this activity in combination with [[drawing]], [[composition (visual arts)|composition]] and other aesthetic considerations in order to manifest the expressive and conceptual intention of the practitioner. Painting is also used to express spiritual motifs and ideas; sites of this kind of painting range from artwork depicting mythological figures on pottery to [[Sistine Chapel|The Sistine Chapel]] to the human body itself. [[Colour]] is the essence of painting as [[sound]] is of [[music]]. Colour is highly subjective, but has observable psychological effects, although these can differ from one culture to the next. Black is associated with mourning in the West, but elsewhere white may be. Some painters, theoreticians, writers and scientists, including [[Goethe]], [[Kandinsky]], [[Newton]], have written their own [[colour theory]]. Moreover the use of language is only a generalisation for a colour equivalent. The word "[[red]]", for example, can cover a wide range of variations on the pure red of the spectrum. There is not a formalised register of different colours in the way that there is agreement on different notes in music, such as [[C]] or [[C#]] in music, although the [[Pantone]] system is widely used in the printing and design industry for this purpose. Modern artists have extended the practice of painting considerably to include, for example, [[collage]]. This began with [[Cubism]] and is not painting in strict sense. Some modern painters incorporate different materials such as [[sand]], [[cement]], [[straw]] or [[wood]] for their [[texture]]. Examples of this are the works of [[Jean Dubuffet]] or [[Anselm Kiefer]]. Modern and contemporary art has moved away from the historic value of craft in favour of [[concept]]; this has led some to say that painting, as a serious art form, is dead, although this has not deterred the majority of artists from continuing to practise it either as whole or part of their work. ===Literature=== [[Image:First Folio.jpg|thumb|right|Shakespeare wrote some of the greatest works in English literature.]] {{main|language|literature}} '''Literature''' is literally "acquaintance with letters" as in the first sense given in the [[Oxford English Dictionary]] (from the [[Latin]] ''littera'' meaning "an individual written character ([[letter]])"). The term has generally come to identify a collection of [[text]]s, which in Western culture are mainly [[prose]], both [[fiction]] and [[non-fiction]], [[drama]] and [[poetry]]. In much, if not all of the world, texts can be [[oral literature|oral]] as well, and include such [[genre]]s as [[Epic poetry|epic]], [[legend]], [[Mythology|myth]], [[ballad]], other forms of oral poetry, and the [[folktale]]. ===Performing arts=== The '''performing arts''' differ from the [[plastic arts]] insofar as the former uses the artist's own body, face, presence as a medium, and the latter uses materials such as clay, metal or paint which can be molded or transformed to create some [[work of art|art object]]. Performing arts include [[acrobatics]], [[busking]], [[comedy]], [[dance]], [[magic (illusion)|magic]], [[music]], [[opera]], [[film]], [[juggling]], [[marching arts]], such as [[brass band]]s, and [[theatre]]. Artists who participate in these arts in front of an audience are called performers, including [[actor]]s, [[comedian]]s, [[dancer]]s, [[musician]]s, and [[singer]]s. Performing arts are also supported by workers in related fields, such as [[songwriting]] and [[stagecraft]]. Performers often adapt their [[physical appearance|appearance]], such as with [[costume]]s and [[cosmetics|stage makeup]], etc. There is also a specialized form of [[fine art]] in which the artists ''perform'' their work live to an audience. This is called [[Performance art]]. Most performance art also involves some form of plastic art, perhaps in the creation of [[prop]]s. Dance was often referred to as a ''plastic art'' during the [[Modern dance]] era. ;Music [[Music]] as an academic discipline mainly focuses on two career paths, music [[performance]] (focused on the [[orchestra]] and the [[concert hall]]) and [[music education]] (training music teachers). Students learn to play [[musical instrument|instruments]], but also study [[music theory]], [[musicology]], [[history of music]] and [[musical composition|composition]]. In the liberal arts tradition, music is also used to broaden skills of non-musicians by teaching skills such as concentration and listening. ;Theater '''Theatre''' or '''theater''' (Greek "theatron", ''θέατρον'') is the branch of the [[performing arts]] concerned with [[acting]] out stories in front of an audience using combinations of speech, gesture, music, dance, sound and spectacle &mdash; indeed any one or more elements of the other performing arts. In addition to the standard narrative dialogue style, theatre takes such forms as [[opera]], [[ballet]], [[mime artist|mime]], [[kabuki]], [[classical Indian dance]], [[Chinese opera]], [[Mummers Play|mummers' plays]], and [[pantomime]]. ====Dance==== [[Dance]] (from [[Old French]] ''dancier'', perhaps from [[Old Frankish language|Frankish]]) generally refers to [[human]] [[Motion (physics)|movement]] either used as a form of [[expression]] or presented in a [[social]], [[spirituality|spiritual]] or [[performance]] setting. '''''Dance''''' is also used to describe methods of [[non-verbal communication]] (see [[body language]]) between humans or [[animal]]s ([[Bee learning and communication#Dance language|bee dance]], mating dance), [[Motion (physics)|motion]] in inanimate objects (''the [[leaves]] danced in the [[wind]]''), and certain [[dance (music)|musical form]]s or [[music|genre]]s. [[Choreography]] is the art of making dances, and the person who does this is called a choreographer. Definitions of what constitutes dance are dependent on [[Society|social]], [[Culture|cultural]], [[aesthetic]] [[artistic]] and [[moral]] constraints and range from functional movement (such as [[Folk dance]]) to codified, [[virtuoso]] techniques such as [[ballet]]. In [[sport]]s, [[gymnastics]], [[figure skating]] and [[synchronized swimming]] are ''dance'' disciplines while [[Martial arts]] '[[Kata (martial arts)|kata]]' are often compared to dances. == See also == * [[List of academic disciplines#Humanities and Arts|Academic disciplines of the Humanities and arts]] * [[Art]] * [[Art history]] * [[Arts by region]] * [[Fine art]] * [[Humanities]] * [[Social sciences]] == External links == * [http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/cgi-local/DHI/dhi.cgi?id=dv1-56 Dictionary of the history of ideas — Classification of the arts] * [http://dmoz.org/Arts/ Open Directory — Arts] * [http://www.nea.gov/ National Endowment for the Arts — USA] * [http://www.artscouncil.org.uk/ Arts Council — England] * [http://www.artsusa.org/ Americans for the Arts] * [http://www.artsjournal.com/ ArtsJournal — Daily Arts News] * [http://www.nytimes.com/pages/arts/ Arts — New York Times] * [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/section/0,,585,00.html Arts — The Times] *[http://www.latinoarts.org/ Association of Hispanic Arts (AHA)] * [http://www.all-art.org History of Art: From Paleolithic Age to Contemporary Art] {{List resources footer}} [[Category:Arts| ]] 159 2006-10-05T02:13:35Z Usingha 10 '''The arts''' is a broad subdivision of [[culture]], composed of many expressive disciplines. In modern usage, it is a term broader than "''[[art]]''", which usually means the [[visual arts]] (comprising both [[fine art]] and [[crafts]]). A precise definition of '''the arts''' can be contentious, but the following areas of activity usually are included: {{col-begin}} {{col-3}} * [[Architecture]] * [[Art]] & [[Visual arts]] * [[Crafts]] * [[Dance]] * [[Design]] {{col-3}} * [[Drawing]] * [[Film]] * [[Language]] * [[Literature]] * [[Music]] * [[Opera]] {{col-3}} * [[Painting]] * [[Photography]] * [[Poetry]] * [[Sculpture]] * [[Theatre]] & [[Performing arts]] {{col-end}} Historically, the arts also included the [[liberal arts]] taught in medieval universities as part of the [[Trivium]] (grammar, logic,and rhetoric) and the [[Quadrivium]] ([[grammar]], [[rhetoric]], [[logic]], [[arithmetic]], [[geometry]], [[music]], and [[astronomy]].) In modern [[academia]], the arts are usually grouped with or a subset of the [[Humanities]]. Some subjects in the Humanities are [[history]], [[linguistics]], [[literature]], [[philosophy]], [[women's studies]]. Newspapers such as the ''[[New York Times]]'' and ''[[The Times]]'' of [[London]] typically include a section on the arts. {{portal|Arts}} ==Branches== ====History==== [[Image:Gaozongquatrain.jpg|thumbnail|"Quatrain on Heavenly Mountain" by [[Emperor Gaozong of Song China|Emperor Gaozong]] (source:www.metmuseum.org)]] The great traditions in [[art]] have a foundation in the art of one of six ancient civilizations: *[[Ancient Egypt]], *[[Ancient Greece|Greece]], *[[Ancient Rome|Rome]], *[[China]], *[[Indus Valley Civilization|India]], or *[[Mesopotamia]]. Ancient Greek art saw a veneration of the human physical form and the development of equivalent skills to show musculature, poise, beauty and anatomically correct proportions. [[Roman Empire|Ancient Roman]] art depicted gods as idealized humans, shown with characteristic distinguishing features (i.e. [[Zeus]]' thunderbolt). In [[Byzantine art|Byzantine]] and [[Gothic art|Gothic]] art of the [[Middle Ages]], the dominance of the church insisted on the expression of biblical and not material truths. The [[Renaissance]] saw the return to valuation of the material world, and this shift is reflected in art forms, which show the corporeality of the human body, and the three-dimensional reality of landscape. Eastern art has generally worked in a style akin to Western medieval art, namely a concentration on surface patterning and local colour (meaning the plain colour of an object, such as basic red for a red robe, rather than the modulations of that colour brought about by light, shade and reflection). A characteristic of this style is that the local colour is often defined by an outline (a contemporary equivalent is the cartoon). This is evident in, for example, the art of India, Tibet and Japan. [[Image:Pittura-Painting3.JPG|thumb|right|An artist's palette]] Religious [[Islam]]ic art forbids iconography, and expresses religious ideas through geometry instead. The physical and rational certainties depicted by the 19th-century Enlightenment were shattered not only by new discoveries of relativity by [[Albert Einstein|Einstein]] [http://books.guardian.co.uk/review/story/0,,1035752,00.html] and of unseen psychology by [[Sigmund Freud|Freud]], [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/modsbook36.html] but also by unprecedented technological development. Increasing [[globalization|global]] interaction during this time saw an equivalent influence of other cultures into Western art. ====Media types==== [[Drawing]] is a means of making an [[image]], using any of a wide variety of tools and techniques. It generally involves making marks on a surface by applying pressure from a tool, or moving a tool across a surface. Common tools are [[graphite]] [[pencil]]s, [[pen and ink]], [[ink]]ed [[brush]]es, wax [[color pencil]]s, [[crayon]]s, [[charcoal]]s, [[pastel]]s, and [[marker pen|marker]]s. Digital tools which simulate the effects of these are also used. The main techniques used in drawing are: line drawing, [[hatching]], crosshatching, random hatching, scribbling, [[stippling]], and blending. An artist who excels in drawing is referred to as a ''draftsman'' or ''draughtsman''. =====Architecture===== [[Image:Ac.parthenon5.jpg|thumb|250px|The [[Parthenon]] on top of the [[Acropolis]], [[Athens]], [[Greece]]]] '''Architecture''' (from [[Latin language|Latin]], ''architectura'' and ultimately from [[Greek language|Greek]], ''αρχιτεκτων'', "a master builder", from ''αρχι-'' "chief, leader" and ''τεκτων'', "builder, carpenter"){{ref|etymology}} is the [[art]] and [[science]] of [[design|designing]] [[building]]s and [[structure]]s. A wider definition would include within its scope the design of the total built environment, from the macrolevel of [[town planning]], [[urban design]], and [[landscape architecture]] to the microlevel of creating [[furniture]]. Architectural design usually must address both feasibility and [[cost]] for the [[Construction|builder]], as well as function and [[aesthetics]] for the [[wiktionary:user|user]]. In modern usage, architecture is the [[art]] and [[discipline]] of creating an actual, or inferring an implied or apparent plan of any complex object or [[system]]. The term can be used to connote the ''implied architecture'' of abstract things such as [[music]] or [[mathematics]], the ''apparent architecture'' of natural things, such as [[geology|geological]] formations or the [[structural biology|structure of biological cells]], or explicitly ''planned architectures'' of human-made things such as [[software]], [[computers]], [[Enterprise architecture|enterprise]]s, and [[database]]s, in addition to buildings. In every usage, an architecture may be seen as a ''subjective [[Map (mathematics)|mapping]]'' from a human perspective (that of the ''user'' in the case of abstract or physical artifacts) to the [[Element (mathematics)|elements]] or [[wikt:component|components]] of some kind of [[structure]] or system, which preserves the relationships among the elements or components. Planned architecture often [[manipulation|manipulates]] [[space]], [[volume]], [[texture]], [[light]], [[shadow]], or abstract elements in order to achieve pleasing [[aesthetics]]. This distinguishes it from [[applied science]] or [[engineering]], which usually concentrate more on the functional and feasibility aspects of the design of constructions or structures. In the field of building architecture, the skills demanded of an architect range from the more complex, such as for a [[hospital]] or a [[stadium]], to the apparently simpler, such as planning [[residential]] houses. Many architectural works may be seen also as cultural and political [[symbol]]s, and/or works of art. The role of the architect, though changing, has been central to the successful (and sometimes less than successful) design and implementation of pleasingly built environments in which people live. [[Image:Table of architecture, Cyclopaedia, 1728, volume 1.jpg|thumb|right|160px|Table of architecture, ''[[Cyclopaedia]]'', 1728 =====Painting===== [[Image:Mona_Lisa.jpg|thumb|250px|The [[Mona Lisa]] is one of the most recognizable artistic paintings in the [[Western world]].]] '''Painting''' taken literally is the practice of applying [[pigment]] suspended in a carrier (or [[Paint#Components|medium]]) and a binding agent (a [[adhesive|glue]]) to a [[surface]] (support) such as [[paper]], [[canvas]] or a wall. However, when used in an artistic sense it means the use of this activity in combination with [[drawing]], [[composition (visual arts)|composition]] and other aesthetic considerations in order to manifest the expressive and conceptual intention of the practitioner. Painting is also used to express spiritual motifs and ideas; sites of this kind of painting range from artwork depicting mythological figures on pottery to [[Sistine Chapel|The Sistine Chapel]] to the human body itself. [[Colour]] is the essence of painting as [[sound]] is of [[music]]. Colour is highly subjective, but has observable psychological effects, although these can differ from one culture to the next. Black is associated with mourning in the West, but elsewhere white may be. Some painters, theoreticians, writers and scientists, including [[Goethe]], [[Kandinsky]], [[Newton]], have written their own [[colour theory]]. Moreover the use of language is only a generalisation for a colour equivalent. The word "[[red]]", for example, can cover a wide range of variations on the pure red of the spectrum. There is not a formalised register of different colours in the way that there is agreement on different notes in music, such as [[C]] or [[C#]] in music, although the [[Pantone]] system is widely used in the printing and design industry for this purpose. Modern artists have extended the practice of painting considerably to include, for example, [[collage]]. This began with [[Cubism]] and is not painting in strict sense. Some modern painters incorporate different materials such as [[sand]], [[cement]], [[straw]] or [[wood]] for their [[texture]]. Examples of this are the works of [[Jean Dubuffet]] or [[Anselm Kiefer]]. Modern and contemporary art has moved away from the historic value of craft in favour of [[concept]]; this has led some to say that painting, as a serious art form, is dead, although this has not deterred the majority of artists from continuing to practise it either as whole or part of their work. ===Literature=== [[Image:First Folio.jpg|thumb|right|Shakespeare wrote some of the greatest works in English literature.]] {{main|language|literature}} '''Literature''' is literally "acquaintance with letters" as in the first sense given in the [[Oxford English Dictionary]] (from the [[Latin]] ''littera'' meaning "an individual written character ([[letter]])"). The term has generally come to identify a collection of [[text]]s, which in Western culture are mainly [[prose]], both [[fiction]] and [[non-fiction]], [[drama]] and [[poetry]]. In much, if not all of the world, texts can be [[oral literature|oral]] as well, and include such [[genre]]s as [[Epic poetry|epic]], [[legend]], [[Mythology|myth]], [[ballad]], other forms of oral poetry, and the [[folktale]]. ===Performing arts=== The '''performing arts''' differ from the [[plastic arts]] insofar as the former uses the artist's own body, face, presence as a medium, and the latter uses materials such as clay, metal or paint which can be molded or transformed to create some [[work of art|art object]]. Performing arts include [[acrobatics]], [[busking]], [[comedy]], [[dance]], [[magic (illusion)|magic]], [[music]], [[opera]], [[film]], [[juggling]], [[marching arts]], such as [[brass band]]s, and [[theatre]]. Artists who participate in these arts in front of an audience are called performers, including [[actor]]s, [[comedian]]s, [[dancer]]s, [[musician]]s, and [[singer]]s. Performing arts are also supported by workers in related fields, such as [[songwriting]] and [[stagecraft]]. Performers often adapt their [[physical appearance|appearance]], such as with [[costume]]s and [[cosmetics|stage makeup]], etc. There is also a specialized form of [[fine art]] in which the artists ''perform'' their work live to an audience. This is called [[Performance art]]. Most performance art also involves some form of plastic art, perhaps in the creation of [[prop]]s. Dance was often referred to as a ''plastic art'' during the [[Modern dance]] era. ;Music [[Music]] as an academic discipline mainly focuses on two career paths, music [[performance]] (focused on the [[orchestra]] and the [[concert hall]]) and [[music education]] (training music teachers). Students learn to play [[musical instrument|instruments]], but also study [[music theory]], [[musicology]], [[history of music]] and [[musical composition|composition]]. In the liberal arts tradition, music is also used to broaden skills of non-musicians by teaching skills such as concentration and listening. ;Theater '''Theatre''' or '''theater''' (Greek "theatron", ''θέατρον'') is the branch of the [[performing arts]] concerned with [[acting]] out stories in front of an audience using combinations of speech, gesture, music, dance, sound and spectacle &mdash; indeed any one or more elements of the other performing arts. In addition to the standard narrative dialogue style, theatre takes such forms as [[opera]], [[ballet]], [[mime artist|mime]], [[kabuki]], [[classical Indian dance]], [[Chinese opera]], [[Mummers Play|mummers' plays]], and [[pantomime]]. ====Dance==== [[Dance]] (from [[Old French]] ''dancier'', perhaps from [[Old Frankish language|Frankish]]) generally refers to [[human]] [[Motion (physics)|movement]] either used as a form of [[expression]] or presented in a [[social]], [[spirituality|spiritual]] or [[performance]] setting. '''''Dance''''' is also used to describe methods of [[non-verbal communication]] (see [[body language]]) between humans or [[animal]]s ([[Bee learning and communication#Dance language|bee dance]], mating dance), [[Motion (physics)|motion]] in inanimate objects (''the [[leaves]] danced in the [[wind]]''), and certain [[dance (music)|musical form]]s or [[music|genre]]s. [[Choreography]] is the art of making dances, and the person who does this is called a choreographer. Definitions of what constitutes dance are dependent on [[Society|social]], [[Culture|cultural]], [[aesthetic]] [[artistic]] and [[moral]] constraints and range from functional movement (such as [[Folk dance]]) to codified, [[virtuoso]] techniques such as [[ballet]]. In [[sport]]s, [[gymnastics]], [[figure skating]] and [[synchronized swimming]] are ''dance'' disciplines while [[Martial arts]] '[[Kata (martial arts)|kata]]' are often compared to dances. == See also == * [[List of academic disciplines#Humanities and Arts|Academic disciplines of the Humanities and arts]] * [[Art]] * [[Art history]] * [[Arts by region]] * [[Fine art]] * [[Humanities]] * [[Social sciences]] == External links == * [http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/cgi-local/DHI/dhi.cgi?id=dv1-56 Dictionary of the history of ideas — Classification of the arts] * [http://dmoz.org/Arts/ Open Directory — Arts] * [http://www.nea.gov/ National Endowment for the Arts — USA] * [http://www.artscouncil.org.uk/ Arts Council — England] * [http://www.artsusa.org/ Americans for the Arts] * [http://www.artsjournal.com/ ArtsJournal — Daily Arts News] * [http://www.nytimes.com/pages/arts/ Arts — New York Times] * [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/section/0,,585,00.html Arts — The Times] *[http://www.latinoarts.org/ Association of Hispanic Arts (AHA)] * [http://www.all-art.org History of Art: From Paleolithic Age to Contemporary Art] {{List resources footer}} [[Category:Arts| ]] 9 42 2006-08-03T19:23:09Z Usingha '''গণিত''' উইকিপিডিয়ার উদুমদুয়া বিশ্বকোষহানাত্ত| [[Image:Euclid.jpg|right|thumb|220px|[[Euclid]], a famous Greek mathematician known as the father of geometry, is shown here in detail from "[[The School of Athens]]" by [[Raphael]].]] '''Mathematics''' is the discipline that deals with concepts such as [[quantity]], [[structure]], [[space]] and [[change]]. It evolved, through the use of [[abstraction (mathematics)|abstraction]] and [[logic|logical]] [[reasoning]], from [[counting]], [[calculation]], [[measurement]] and the study of the [[shape]]s and [[motion (physics)|motion]]s of physical objects. [[Mathematician]]s explore these and related concepts, aiming to formulate new [[conjecture]]s and establish their truth by [[Rigour|rigorous]] deduction from appropriately chosen [[axiom]]s and [[definition]]s. Knowledge and use of basic mathematics is widespread, as it has been throughout history. Refinements of basic ideas are visible in ancient mathematical texts originating in [[ancient Egypt]], [[Mesopotamia]] and [[ancient India]], with increased rigour introduced by the [[ancient Greeks]]. From this point on, the development continued in short bursts until the [[Renaissance]] period of the [[16th century]] where mathematical innovations interacted with new [[scientific discoveries]] leading to an acceleration in understanding that continues to the present day. Mathematics is used throughout the world in many fields, including [[science]], [[engineering]], [[medicine]] and [[economics]]. These fields both inspire and make use of new discoveries in mathematics. New mathematics is also created for its own sake, without any particular application in view, a common practice in the branch known as [[pure mathematics]]. The word "mathematics" is often abbreviated '''math''' in the [[North American English|U.S. and Canada]] and '''maths''' in [[British English|Britain]], [[Hiberno-English|Ireland]] and many [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] countries. ==Etymology== The word "mathematics" (Greek: μαθηματικά) comes from the [[Ancient Greek language|Greek]] μάθημα (''máthēma''), which means ''learning'', ''study'', ''science'', and additionally came to have the narrower and more technical meaning "mathematical study", even in Classical times. Its adjective is μαθηματικός (''mathēmatikós''), ''related to learning'', or ''studious'', which likewise further came to mean ''mathematical''. In particular, μαθηματική τέχνη (''mathēmatikḗ tékhnē''), in [[Latin]] ''ars mathematica'', meant ''the mathematical art''. The apparent plural form in {{lan|English}}, like the {{lan|French}} plural form ''les mathématiques'' (and the less commonly used singular derivative ''la mathématique''), goes back to the Latin neuter plural ''mathematica'' ([[Cicero]]), based on the Greek plural τα μαθηματικά (''ta mathēmatiká''), used by [[Aristotle]], and meaning roughly "all things mathematical". Despite the form and etymology, the word, like the names of arts and sciences in general, is used as a singular [[mass noun]] in English today.<ref>''[[The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology]]'', 1983 reprint. ISBN 0-19-8611129.</ref><ref>[[Oxford English Dictionary]], second edition, ed. John Simpson and Edmund Weiner, Clarendon Press, 1989, ISBN 0198611862.</ref> ==History== [[Image:Quipu.png|thumb|right|A [[quipu]], a counting device used by the [[Inca Empire|Inca]].]] :''Main article: [[History of mathematics]]'' The evolution of mathematics might be seen to be an ever-increasing series of [[abstraction]]s, or alternatively an expansion of subject matter. The first abstraction was probably that of [[number]]s. The realization that two apples and two oranges have something in common was a breakthrough in human thought. In addition to recognizing how to [[Counting|count]] ''physical'' objects, [[Prehistory|prehistoric]] peoples also recognized how to count ''abstract'' quantities, like [[time]] — [[day]]s, [[season]]s, [[year]]s. [[Arithmetic]] ([[addition]], [[subtraction]], [[multiplication]] and [[division (mathematics)|division]]), naturally followed. Monolithic monuments testify to knowledge of [[geometry]]. Further steps need [[writing]] or some other system for recording numbers such as [[Tally sticks|tallies]] or the knotted strings called [[quipu]] used by the [[Inca empire]] to store numerical data. [[Numeral system]]s have been many and diverse. From the beginnings of recorded history, the major disciplines within mathematics arose out of the need to do calculations relating to [[taxation]] and [[commerce]], to understand the relationships among numbers, to [[land measurement|measure land]], and to predict [[astronomy|astronomical events]]. These needs can be roughly related to the broad subdivision of mathematics, into the studies of ''quantity'', ''structure'', ''space'', and ''change''. Mathematics since has been much extended, and there has been a fruitful interaction between mathematics and science, to the benefit of both. Mathematical discoveries have been made throughout history and continue to be made today. According to Mikhail B. Sevryuk, in the January 2006 issue of the [[Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society]], "The number of papers and books included in the [[Mathematical Reviews]] database since 1940 (the first year of operation of MR) is now more than 1.9 million, and more than 75 thousand items are added to the database each year. The overwhelming majority of works in this ocean contain new mathematical [[theorem]]s and their [[mathematical proof|proof]]s."<ref>{{cite journal| author = Mikhail B. Sevryuk| year = 2006| month = January| title = Book Reviews| journal = [[Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society]]| volume = 43| issue = 1| pages = 101-109| url = http://www.ams.org/bull/2006-43-01/S0273-0979-05-01069-4/S0273-0979-05-01069-4.pdf| format = PDF| accessdate = 2006-06-24}}</ref> ==Inspiration, pure and applied mathematics, and aesthetics== [[Image:GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg|right|thumb|Sir [[Isaac Newton]] (1643-1727), an inventor of [[infinitesimal calculus]].]] {{main|Mathematical beauty}} Mathematics arises wherever there are difficult problems that involve quantity, structure, space, or change. At first these were found in [[commerce]], [[land measurement]] and later [[astronomy]]; nowadays, all sciences suggest problems studied by mathematicians, and many problems arise within mathematics itself. [[Isaac Newton|Newton]] was one of the [[infinitesimal calculus]] inventors, [[Feynman]] invented the [[Feynman path integral]] using a combination of reasoning and physical insight, and today's [[string theory]] also inspires new mathematics. Some mathematics is only relevant in the area that inspired it, and is applied to solve further problems in that area. But often mathematics inspired by one area proves useful in many areas, and joins the general stock of mathematical concepts. The remarkable fact that even the "purest" mathematics often turns out to have practical applications is what [[Eugene Wigner]] has called "[[The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Natural Sciences|the unreasonable effectiveness of mathematics]]." As in most areas of study, the explosion of knowledge in the scientific age has led to specialization in mathematics. One major distinction is between [[pure mathematics]] and [[applied mathematics]]. Within applied mathematics, two major areas have split off and become disciplines in their own right, [[statistics]] and [[computer science]]. Many mathematicians talk about the ''elegance'' of mathematics, its intrinsic [[aesthetics]] and inner [[beauty]]. [[Simplicity]] and [[generality]] are valued. There is beauty also in a clever proof, such as [[Euclid]]'s proof that there are infinitely many [[prime number]]s, and in a numerical method that speeds calculation, such as the [[fast Fourier transform]]. [[G. H. Hardy]] in ''[[A Mathematician's Apology]]'' expressed the belief that these aesthetic considerations are, in themselves, sufficient to justify the study of pure mathematics. ==Notation, language, and rigor== [[Image:Pic79.png|right|thumb|In modern notation, simple expressions can describe complex concepts. This image is generated by a single [[equation]].]] {{main|Mathematical notation}} Most of the mathematical notation we use today was not invented until the [[16th century]]. Before that, mathematics was written out in words, a painstaking process that limited mathematical discovery. Modern notation makes mathematics much easier for the professional, but beginners often find it daunting. It is extremely compressed: a few symbols contain a great deal of information. Like musical notation, modern mathematical notation has a strict syntax and encodes information that would be difficult to write in any other way. Mathematical language also is hard for beginners. Words such as ''or'' or ''only'' have more precise meanings than in everyday speech. Also confusing to beginners, words such as ''[[open set|open]]'' and ''[[field (mathematics)|field]]'' have been given specialized mathematical meanings, and [[mathematical jargon]] includes technical terms such as ''[[homeomorphism]]'' and ''[[integrability|integrable]]''. It was said that [[Henri Poincaré]] was only elected to the [[Académie française]] so that he could tell them how to define ''[[automorphic|automorphe]]'' in their dictionary. But there is a reason for special notation and technical jargon: mathematics requires more precision than everyday speech. Mathematicians refer to this precision of language and logic as "rigor". Rigor is fundamentally a matter of [[mathematical proof]]. Mathematicians want their theorems to follow from axioms by means of systematic reasoning. This is to avoid mistaken "[[theorem]]s", based on fallible intuitions, of which many instances have occurred in the history of the subject (for example, in [[mathematical analysis]]). The level of rigor expected in mathematics has varied over time: the Greeks expected detailed arguments, but at the time of [[Isaac Newton]] the methods employed were less rigorous. Problems inherent in the definitions used by Newton would lead to a resurgence of careful analysis and formal proof in the 19th century. Today, mathematicians continue to argue among themselves about [[computer-assisted proof]]s. Since large computations are hard to verify, such proofs may not be sufficiently rigorous. [[Axiom]]s in traditional thought were 'self-evident truths', but that conception is problematic. At a formal level, an axiom is just a string of symbols, which has an intrinsic meaning only in the context of all derivable formulas of an [[axiomatic system]]. It was the goal of [[Hilbert's program]] to put all of mathematics on a firm axiomatic basis, but according to [[Gödel's incompleteness theorem]] every (sufficiently powerful) axiomatic system has undecidable formulas; and so a final [[axiomatization]] of mathematics is impossible. Nonetheless mathematics is often imagined to be (as far as its formal content) nothing but [[set theory]] in some axiomatization, in the sense that every mathematical statement or proof could be cast into formulas within set theory. ==Mathematics as science== [[Image:Carl Friedrich Gauss.jpg|right|thumb|[[Carl Friedrich Gauss]], while known as the "prince of mathematicians", did not believe that mathematics was worthy of study in its own right.]] [[Carl Friedrich Gauss]] referred to mathematics as "the Queen of the Sciences".<ref>[[Wolfgang Sartorius von Waltershausen|Waltershausen, Wolfgang Sartorius von]]: ''Gauss zum Gedächtniss'', 1856. (''Gauss zum Gedächtnis'' 1965 reprint by Sändig Reprint Verlag H. R. Wohlwend: ISBN 3-253-01702-8, [http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/ASIN/B0000BN5SQ ASIN: B0000BN5SQ]).</ref> In the original Latin ''Regina Scientiarum'', as well as in {{lan|German}} ''Königin der Wissenschaften'', the word corresponding to ''science'' means (field of) knowledge. Indeed, this is also the original meaning in English, and there is no doubt that mathematics is in this sense a science. The specialization restricting the meaning to ''natural'' science is of later date. If one considers [[science]] to be strictly about the physical world, then mathematics, or at least [[pure mathematics]], is not a science. [[Karl Popper]] believed that mathematics was not experimentally [[Falsifiability|falsifiable]] and thus not a science.{{fact}} However, other thinkers, notably [[Imre Lakatos]], have applied a version of falsificationism to mathematics itself. In his 2002 book ''[[A New Kind of Science]]'', [[Stephen Wolfram]] argues that computational mathematics deserves to be explored empirically as a scientific field in its own right. An alternative view is that certain scientific fields (such as [[theoretical physics]]) are mathematics with axioms that are intended to correspond to reality. In fact, the theoretical physicist, J. M. Ziman, proposed that science is ''public knowledge'' and thus includes mathematics.<ref>{{cite paper|url=http://info.med.yale.edu/therarad/summers/ziman.htm|date=1968|title=Public Knowledge:An essay concerning the social dimension of science|author= Ziman, J.M., F.R.S.}}</ref> In any case, mathematics shares much in common with many fields in the physical sciences, notably the exploration of the logical consequences of assumptions. [[intuition (knowledge)|Intuition]] and [[experiment|experimentation]] also play a role in the formulation of [[conjecture]]s in both mathematics and the (other) sciences. [[Experimental mathematics]] continues to grow in importance within mathematics, and computation and simulation are playing an increasing role in both the sciences and mathematics, weakening the objection that mathematics does not utilize the [[Scientific Method]]. The opinions of mathematicians on this matter are varied. While some in [[applied mathematics]] feel that they are scientists, those in pure mathematics often feel that they are working in an area more akin to [[logic]] and that they are, hence, fundamentally [[Philosophy|philosophers]]. Many mathematicians feel that to call their area a science is to downplay the importance of its aesthetic side, and its history in the traditional seven [[liberal arts]]; others feel that to ignore its connection to the sciences is to turn a blind eye to the fact that the interface between mathematics and its applications in science and [[engineering]] has driven much development in mathematics. One way this difference of viewpoint plays out is in the philosophical debate as to whether mathematics is ''created'' (as in art) or ''discovered'' (as in science). It is common to see [[University|universities]] divided into sections that include a division of ''Science and Mathematics'', indicating that the fields are seen as being allied but that they do not coincide. In practice, mathematicians are typically grouped with scientists at the gross level but separated at finer levels. This is one of many issues considered in the [[philosophy of mathematics]]. Mathematical awards are generally kept separate from their equivalents in science. The most prestigious award in mathematics is the [[Fields Medal]],{{citation-needed}} established in 1936 and now awarded every 4 years. It is usually considered the equivalent of science's [[Nobel prize]]. Another major international award, the [[Abel Prize]], was introduced in 2003. Both of these are awarded for a particular body of work, either innovation in a new area of mathematics or resolution of an outstanding problem in an established field. A famous list of 23 such open problems, called "[[Hilbert's problems]]", was compiled in 1900 by German mathematician [[David Hilbert]]. This list achieved great celebrity among mathematicians, and at least nine of the problems have now been solved. A new list of seven important problems, titled the "[[Clay Mathematics Institute#The Millennium Prize problems|Millennium Prize Problems]]", was published in 2000. Solution of each of these problems carries a $1 million reward, and only one (the [[Riemann hypothesis]]) is duplicated in Hilbert's problems. ==Fields of mathematics== [[Image:Abacus 6.png|right|thumb|Early mathematics was entirely concerned with the need to perform practical calculations, as reflected in this Chinese [[abacus]].]] As noted above, the major disciplines within mathematics first arose out of the need to do calculations in commerce, to understand the relationships between numbers, to measure land, and to predict [[astronomy|astronomical]] events. These four needs can be roughly related to the broad subdivision of mathematics into the study of quantity, structure, space, and change (i.e., [[arithmetic]], [[algebra]], [[geometry]], and [[mathematical analysis|analysis]]). In addition to these main concerns, there are also subdivisions dedicated to exploring links from the heart of mathematics to other fields: to [[Mathematical logic|logic]], to [[set theory]] ([[Foundations of mathematics|foundations]]), to the empirical mathematics of the various sciences ([[applied mathematics]]), and more recently to the rigorous study of [[uncertainty]]. ===Quantity=== The study of quantity starts with [[number]]s, first the familiar [[natural number]]s and [[integer]]s ("whole numbers") and arithmetical operations on them, which are characterized in [[arithmetic]]. The deeper properties of integers are studied in [[number theory]], whence such popular results as [[Fermat's last theorem]]. Number theory also holds two widely-considered unsolved problems: the [[twin prime conjecture]] and [[Goldbach's conjecture]]. As the number system is further developed, the integers are recognised as a [[subset]] of the [[rational numbers]] ("fractions"). These, in turn, are contained within the [[real numbers]], which are used to represent continuous quantities. Real numbers are generalised to [[complex number]]s. These are the first steps of a hierarchy of numbers that goes on to include [[quarternions]] and [[octonions]]. Consideration of the natural numbers also leads to the [[transfinite numbers]], which formalise the concept of counting to infinite. Another area of study is size, which leads to the [[cardinal number]]s and then to another conception of infinity; the [[aleph number]]s, which allow meaningful comparison of the size of infinitely large sets. :{| style="border:1px solid #ddd; text-align:center; margin: auto;" cellspacing="20" | <math>1, 2, \ldots \,</math> || <math>\ldots, -1, 0, 1, \ldots \,</math> || <math>\frac{1}{2}, \frac{2}{3}, 0.125,\ldots \,</math> || <math>\pi, e, \sqrt{2},\ldots \,</math> || <math>i, 3i+2, e^{i\pi/3},\ldots \,</math> |- | [[Natural number]]s|| [[Integer]]s || [[Rational number]]s || [[Real number]]s || [[Complex number]]s |} ===Structure=== Many mathematical objects, such as [[set]]s of numbers and [[function]]s, exhibit internal structure. The structural properties of these objects are investigated in the study of [[group (mathematics)|groups]], [[ring (mathematics)|rings]], [[field (mathematics)|fields]] and other abstract systems, which are themselves such objects. This is the field of [[abstract algebra]]. An important concept here is that of [[vector (spatial)|vector]]s, generalized to [[vector space]]s, and studied in [[linear algebra]]. The study of vectors combines three of the fundamental areas of mathematics; quantity, structure, and space. [[Vector calculus]] expands the field into a fourth fundamental area, that of change. :{| style="border:1px solid #ddd; text-align:center; margin: auto;" cellspacing="15" | [[Image:Elliptic curve simple.png|96px]] || [[Image:Rubik float.png|96px]] || [[Image:GroupDiagramD6.png|96px]] || [[Image:Lattice of the divisibility of 60.svg|96px]] |- | [[Number theory]] || [[Abstract algebra]] || [[Group theory]] || [[Order theory]] |} ===Space=== The study of space originates with [[geometry]] - in particular, [[Euclidean geometry]]. [[Trigonometry]] combines space and number, and encompasses the well-known [[Pythagorean theorem]]. The modern study of space generalizes these ideas to include higher-dimensional geometry, [[Non-euclidean geometry|non-Euclidean geometries]] (which play a central role in [[general relativity]]) and [[topology]]. Quantity and space both play a role in [[analytic geometry]], [[differential geometry]], and [[algebraic geometry]]. Within differential geometry are the concepts of [[fiber bundles]] and calculus on [[manifold]]s. Within algebraic geometry is the description of geometric objects as solution sets of [[polynomial]] equations, combining the concepts of quantity and space, and also the study of [[topological groups]], which combine structure and space. [[Lie group]]s are used to study space, structure, and change. [[Topology]] in all its many ramifications may have been the greatest growth area in 20th century mathematics, and includes the long-standing [[Poincaré conjecture]] and the controversial [[four color theorem]], whose only proof, by computer, has never been verified by a human. :{| style="border:1px solid #ddd; text-align:center; margin: auto;" cellspacing="15" | [[Image:Pythagorean.svg|96px]] || [[Image:Taylorsine.png|96px]] || [[Image:OsculatingCircle.png|96px]] || [[Image:Torus.jpg|96px]] || [[Image:Koch curve.png|96px]] |- |[[Geometry]] || [[Trigonometry]] || [[Differential geometry]] || [[Topology]] || [[Fractal geometry]] |} ===Change=== Understanding and describing change is a common theme in the [[natural science]]s, and [[calculus]] was developed as a powerful tool to investigate it. [[function (mathematics)|Functions]] arise here, as a central concept describing a changing quantity. The rigorous study of real numbers and real-valued functions is known as [[real analysis]], with [[complex analysis]] the equivalent field for the complex numbers. The [[Riemann hypothesis]], one of the most fundamental open questions in mathematics, is drawn from complex analysis. [[Functional analysis]] focuses attention on (typically infinite-dimensional) [[space#Mathematical spaces|space]]s of functions. One of many applications of functional analysis is [[quantum mechanics]]. Many problems lead naturally to relationships between a quantity and its rate of change, and these are studied as [[differential equation]]s. Many phenomena in nature can be described by [[dynamical system]]s; [[chaos theory]] makes precise the ways in which many of these systems exhibit unpredictable yet still [[deterministic system (mathematics)|deterministic]] behavior. :{| style="border:1px solid #ddd; text-align:center; margin: auto;" cellspacing="20" | [[Image:Integral_as_region_under_curve.png|96px]] || [[Image:Vectorfield_jaredwf.png|96px]] || <math>\frac{d^2}{dx^2} y = \frac{d}{dx} y + c</math> || [[Image:Limitcycle.jpg|96px]] || [[Image:LorenzAttractor.png|96px]] |- | [[Calculus]] || [[Vector calculus]]|| [[Differential equation]]s || [[Dynamical system]]s || [[Chaos theory]] |} ===Foundations and philosophy=== In order to clarify the [[foundations of mathematics]], the fields of [[mathematical logic]] and [[set theory]] were developed. Mathematical logic is concerned with setting mathematics on a rigid [[axiom]]atic framework, and studying the results of such a framework. As such, it is home to [[Gödel's incompleteness theorems#Second incompleteness theorem|Gödel's second incompleteness theorem]], perhaps the most widely celebrated result in logic, which (informally) implies that there are always true theorems which cannot be proven. Modern logic is divided into [[recursion theory]], [[model theory]], and [[proof theory]], and is closely linked to [[theoretical computer science|theoretical]] [[computer science]]. :{| style="border:1px solid #ddd; text-align:center; margin: auto;" cellspacing="15" | <math> P \Rightarrow Q \,</math>|| [[Image:Venn_A_intersect_B.png|128px]] || [[Image:MorphismComposition-01.png|96px]] |- | [[Mathematical logic]] || [[Set theory]] || [[Category theory]] || |} ===Discrete mathematics=== [[Discrete mathematics]] is the common name for the fields of mathematics most generally useful in [[theoretical computer science]]. This includes [[Computability theory (computation)|computability theory]], [[computational complexity theory]], and [[information theory]]. Computability theory examines the limitations of various theoretical models of the computer, including the most powerful known model - the [[Turing machine]]. Complexity theory is the study of tractability by computer; some problems, although theoretically soluble by computer, are so expensive in terms of time or space that solving them is likely to remain practically unfeasible, even with rapid advance of computer hardware. Finally, information theory is concerned with the amount of data that can be stored on a given medium, and hence concepts such as [[data compression|compression]] and [[Entropy in thermodynamics and information theory|entropy]]. As a relatively new field, discrete mathematics has a number of fundamental open problems. The most famous of these is the "[[Complexity classes P and NP|P=NP?]]" problem, one of the [[Millennium Prize Problems]]. It is widely believed that the answer to this problem is no. :{| style="border:1px solid #ddd; text-align:center; margin: auto;" cellspacing="15" | <math>\begin{matrix} (1,2,3) & (1,3,2) \\ (2,1,3) & (2,3,1) \\ (3,1,2) & (3,2,1) \end{matrix}</math> || [[Image:DFAexample.png|96px]] || [[Image:Caesar3.png|96px]] || [[Image:6n-graf.svg|96px]] |- | [[Combinatorics]] || [[Theory of computation]] || [[Cryptography]] || [[Graph theory]] |} ===Applied mathematics=== Applied mathematics considers the use of abstract mathematical tools in solving concrete problems in [[natural science]]. An important field in applied mathematics is [[statistics]], which uses [[probability theory]] as a tool and allows the description, analysis, and prediction of phenomena where chance plays a role. This is used in all the sciences. (Many statisticians, however, do not consider themselves to be mathematicians, but rather part of an allied group.) [[Numerical analysis]] investigates computational methods for efficiently solving a broad range of mathematical problems that are typically too large for human numerical capacity; it includes the study of [[rounding error]]s or other sources of error in computation. :[[Mathematical physics]] • [[Mechanics|Analytical mechanics]] • [[Fluid mechanics|Mathematical fluid dynamics]] • [[Numerical analysis]] • [[Optimization (mathematics)|Optimization]] • [[Probability]] • [[Statistics]] • [[Mathematical economics]] • [[Financial mathematics]] • [[Game theory]] • [[Mathematical biology]] • [[Cryptography]] • [[Operations research]] ==Common misconceptions== Mathematics is not a closed intellectual system, in which everything has already been worked out. There is no shortage of open problems. [[Pseudomathematics]] is a form of mathematics-like activity undertaken outside [[academia]], and occasionally by mathematicians themselves. It often consists of determined attacks on famous questions, consisting of proof-attempts made in an isolated way (that is, long papers not supported by previously published theory). The relationship to generally-accepted mathematics is similar to that between [[pseudoscience]] and real science. The misconceptions involved are normally based on: *misunderstanding of the implications of [[mathematical rigor]]; *attempts to circumvent the usual criteria for publication of [[mathematical paper]]s in a [[learned journal]] after [[peer review]], often in the belief that the journal is biased against the author; *lack of familiarity with, and therefore underestimation of, the existing literature. The case of [[Kurt Heegner]]'s work shows that the mathematical establishment is neither infallible, nor unwilling to admit error in assessing 'amateur' work. And like [[astronomy]], mathematics owes much to amateur contributors such as [[Pierre de Fermat|Fermat]] and [[Marin Mersenne|Mersenne]]. === Relationship between mathematics and physical reality === Mathematical concepts and theorems need not correspond to anything in the physical world. Insofar as a correspondence does exist, while mathematicians and physicists may select axioms and postulates that seem reasonable and intuitive, it is not necessary for the basic assumptions within an axiomatic system to be true in an empirical or physical sense. This leads to confusion on the part of those who assume that where mathematical concepts are named after or ostensibly correspond with aspects of reality (physics, economics, etc), they have a rigorous relationship with it. Such is simply not the case, and empirical testing of mathematical predictions is not a mathematical undertaking (see [[Mathematics#Mathematics as science|Mathematics as science]] above). Thus while most systems of axioms are derived from our perceptions and experiments, they are not dependent on them. Nevertheless, mathematics remains extremely useful for solving real-world problems. This fact led Eugene Wigner to write an essay, ''[[The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Natural Sciences]]''. === What mathematics is not === Mathematics is not about unrestricted [[theorem proving]], any more than [[literature]] is about the construction of [[grammar|grammatically correct]] [[sentence (linguistics)|sentence]]s. Mathematics is not [[accountancy]]. Although arithmetic computation is crucial to accountants, their main concern is to verify that computations are correct through a system of doublechecks. Advances in abstract mathematics are mostly irrelevant to the efficiency of bookkeeping, but the use of computers clearly does matter. Mathematics is not [[numerology]]. Numerology uses [[modular arithmetic]] to reduce names and dates down to numbers, but assigns emotions or traits to these numbers intuitively or on the basis of traditions. ==References== <div class="references-small"> <references/> *[[Morris Kline|Kline, Morris]], ''Mathematical Thought from Ancient to Modern Times'', Oxford University Press, USA; Paperback edition (March 1, 1990). ISBN 0195061357. </div> ==Further reading== *Benson, Donald C., ''The Moment of Proof: Mathematical Epiphanies'', Oxford University Press, USA; New Ed edition (December 14, 2000). ISBN 0195139194. *[[Carl B. Boyer|Boyer, Carl B.]], ''A History of Mathematics'', Wiley; 2 edition (March 6, 1991). ISBN 0471543977. &mdash; A concise history of mathematics from the Concept of Number to contemporary Mathematics. *Courant, R. and H. Robbins, ''What Is Mathematics? : An Elementary Approach to Ideas and Methods'', Oxford University Press, USA; 2 edition (July 18, 1996). ISBN 0195105192. *[[Philip J. Davis|Davis, Philip J.]] and [[Reuben Hersh|Hersh, Reuben]], ''The Mathematical Experience''. Mariner Books; Reprint edition (January 14, 1999). ISBN 0395929687.&mdash; A gentle introduction to the world of mathematics. *Gullberg, Jan, ''Mathematics—From the Birth of Numbers''. W. W. Norton & Company; 1st edition (October 1997). ISBN 039304002X. &mdash; An encyclopedic overview of mathematics presented in clear, simple language. *Hazewinkel, Michiel (ed.), ''[[Encyclopaedia of Mathematics]]''. Kluwer Academic Publishers 2000. &mdash; A translated and expanded version of a Soviet mathematics encyclopedia, in ten (expensive) volumes, the most complete and authoritative work available. Also in paperback and on CD-ROM, and online [http://eom.springer.de/default.htm]. *Pappas, Theoni, ''The Joy Of Mathematics'', Wide World Publishing; Revised edition (June 1989). ISBN 0933174659. *{{cite book | last = Paulos | first = John Allen | authorlink = John Allen Paulos | year = 1996 | title = A Mathematician Reads the Newspaper | publisher = Anchor | id = ISBN 038548254X}} ==See also== * [[Portal:Mathematics|Mathematics portal]] * [[Philosophy of mathematics]] * [[Mathematical game]] * [[Mathematical problem]] ==External links== {{sisterlinks|Mathematics}} {{Wikibookspar|Wikiversity|School of Mathematics}} * Online [http://eom.springer.de/ "Encyclopaedia of Mathematics"] from Springer. Graduate-level reference work with over 8,000 entries, illuminating nearly 50,000 notions in mathematics. * [http://www.cut-the-knot.org/ ''Interactive Mathematics Miscellany and Puzzles''] &mdash; A collection of articles on various mathematical topics, with interactive [[Java applet|Java]] illustrations at [[cut-the-knot]] * [http://www-math.mit.edu/daimp Some mathematics applets, at MIT] * Rusin, Dave: [http://www.math-atlas.org/ ''The Mathematical Atlas'']. A guided tour through the various branches of modern mathematics. * Stefanov, Alexandre: [http://us.geocities.com/alex_stef/mylist.html ''Textbooks in Mathematics'']. A list of free online textbooks and lecture notes in mathematics. * Weisstein, Eric et al.: [http://www.mathworld.com/ ''MathWorld: World of Mathematics'']. An online encyclopedia of mathematics. * Polyanin, Andrei: [http://eqworld.ipmnet.ru/ ''EqWorld: The World of Mathematical Equations'']. An online resource focusing on algebraic, ordinary differential, partial differential ([[mathematical physics]]), integral, and other mathematical equations. * [http://planetmath.org/ ''Planet Math'']. An online mathematics encyclopedia under construction, focusing on modern mathematics. Uses the [[GNU Free Documentation License|GFDL]], allowing article exchange with Wikipedia. Uses [[TeX]] markup. * [http://www.mathforge.net/ ''Mathforge'']. A news-blog with topics ranging from popular mathematics to popular physics to computer science and education. * [http://www.youngmath.net/concerns ''Young Mathematicians Network (YMN)'']. A math-blog "Serving the Community of Young Mathematicians". Topics include: Mathematics News, Grad and Undergrad Life, Job Search, Career, Work & Family, Teaching, Research, Misc... * [http://metamath.org/ ''Metamath'']. A site and a language, that formalize mathematics from its foundations. * [http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/ Mathematician Bibliography]. Extensive history and quotes from all famous mathematicians. * Cain, George: [http://www.math.gatech.edu/~cain/textbooks/onlinebooks.html Online Mathematics Textbooks] available free online. * [http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/DicHist/analytic/anaVII.html Math & Logic: The history of formal mathematical, logical, linguistic and methodological ideas.] In ''The Dictionary of the History of Ideas.'' * [http://www.nrich.maths.org/public/index.php nrich] Prize winning mathematics site for students from age five from [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge University]] {{Mathematics-footer}} 111 2006-10-02T13:24:01Z Incubator import 6 [[Test-wp/bpy/গনিত]] moved to [[গনিত]] '''গণিত''' উইকিপিডিয়ার উদুমদুয়া বিশ্বকোষহানাত্ত| [[Image:Euclid.jpg|right|thumb|220px|[[Euclid]], a famous Greek mathematician known as the father of geometry, is shown here in detail from "[[The School of Athens]]" by [[Raphael]].]] '''Mathematics''' is the discipline that deals with concepts such as [[quantity]], [[structure]], [[space]] and [[change]]. It evolved, through the use of [[abstraction (mathematics)|abstraction]] and [[logic|logical]] [[reasoning]], from [[counting]], [[calculation]], [[measurement]] and the study of the [[shape]]s and [[motion (physics)|motion]]s of physical objects. [[Mathematician]]s explore these and related concepts, aiming to formulate new [[conjecture]]s and establish their truth by [[Rigour|rigorous]] deduction from appropriately chosen [[axiom]]s and [[definition]]s. Knowledge and use of basic mathematics is widespread, as it has been throughout history. Refinements of basic ideas are visible in ancient mathematical texts originating in [[ancient Egypt]], [[Mesopotamia]] and [[ancient India]], with increased rigour introduced by the [[ancient Greeks]]. From this point on, the development continued in short bursts until the [[Renaissance]] period of the [[16th century]] where mathematical innovations interacted with new [[scientific discoveries]] leading to an acceleration in understanding that continues to the present day. Mathematics is used throughout the world in many fields, including [[science]], [[engineering]], [[medicine]] and [[economics]]. These fields both inspire and make use of new discoveries in mathematics. New mathematics is also created for its own sake, without any particular application in view, a common practice in the branch known as [[pure mathematics]]. The word "mathematics" is often abbreviated '''math''' in the [[North American English|U.S. and Canada]] and '''maths''' in [[British English|Britain]], [[Hiberno-English|Ireland]] and many [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] countries. ==Etymology== The word "mathematics" (Greek: μαθηματικά) comes from the [[Ancient Greek language|Greek]] μάθημα (''máthēma''), which means ''learning'', ''study'', ''science'', and additionally came to have the narrower and more technical meaning "mathematical study", even in Classical times. Its adjective is μαθηματικός (''mathēmatikós''), ''related to learning'', or ''studious'', which likewise further came to mean ''mathematical''. In particular, μαθηματική τέχνη (''mathēmatikḗ tékhnē''), in [[Latin]] ''ars mathematica'', meant ''the mathematical art''. The apparent plural form in {{lan|English}}, like the {{lan|French}} plural form ''les mathématiques'' (and the less commonly used singular derivative ''la mathématique''), goes back to the Latin neuter plural ''mathematica'' ([[Cicero]]), based on the Greek plural τα μαθηματικά (''ta mathēmatiká''), used by [[Aristotle]], and meaning roughly "all things mathematical". Despite the form and etymology, the word, like the names of arts and sciences in general, is used as a singular [[mass noun]] in English today.<ref>''[[The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology]]'', 1983 reprint. ISBN 0-19-8611129.</ref><ref>[[Oxford English Dictionary]], second edition, ed. John Simpson and Edmund Weiner, Clarendon Press, 1989, ISBN 0198611862.</ref> ==History== [[Image:Quipu.png|thumb|right|A [[quipu]], a counting device used by the [[Inca Empire|Inca]].]] :''Main article: [[History of mathematics]]'' The evolution of mathematics might be seen to be an ever-increasing series of [[abstraction]]s, or alternatively an expansion of subject matter. The first abstraction was probably that of [[number]]s. The realization that two apples and two oranges have something in common was a breakthrough in human thought. In addition to recognizing how to [[Counting|count]] ''physical'' objects, [[Prehistory|prehistoric]] peoples also recognized how to count ''abstract'' quantities, like [[time]] — [[day]]s, [[season]]s, [[year]]s. [[Arithmetic]] ([[addition]], [[subtraction]], [[multiplication]] and [[division (mathematics)|division]]), naturally followed. Monolithic monuments testify to knowledge of [[geometry]]. Further steps need [[writing]] or some other system for recording numbers such as [[Tally sticks|tallies]] or the knotted strings called [[quipu]] used by the [[Inca empire]] to store numerical data. [[Numeral system]]s have been many and diverse. From the beginnings of recorded history, the major disciplines within mathematics arose out of the need to do calculations relating to [[taxation]] and [[commerce]], to understand the relationships among numbers, to [[land measurement|measure land]], and to predict [[astronomy|astronomical events]]. These needs can be roughly related to the broad subdivision of mathematics, into the studies of ''quantity'', ''structure'', ''space'', and ''change''. Mathematics since has been much extended, and there has been a fruitful interaction between mathematics and science, to the benefit of both. Mathematical discoveries have been made throughout history and continue to be made today. According to Mikhail B. Sevryuk, in the January 2006 issue of the [[Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society]], "The number of papers and books included in the [[Mathematical Reviews]] database since 1940 (the first year of operation of MR) is now more than 1.9 million, and more than 75 thousand items are added to the database each year. The overwhelming majority of works in this ocean contain new mathematical [[theorem]]s and their [[mathematical proof|proof]]s."<ref>{{cite journal| author = Mikhail B. Sevryuk| year = 2006| month = January| title = Book Reviews| journal = [[Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society]]| volume = 43| issue = 1| pages = 101-109| url = http://www.ams.org/bull/2006-43-01/S0273-0979-05-01069-4/S0273-0979-05-01069-4.pdf| format = PDF| accessdate = 2006-06-24}}</ref> ==Inspiration, pure and applied mathematics, and aesthetics== [[Image:GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg|right|thumb|Sir [[Isaac Newton]] (1643-1727), an inventor of [[infinitesimal calculus]].]] {{main|Mathematical beauty}} Mathematics arises wherever there are difficult problems that involve quantity, structure, space, or change. At first these were found in [[commerce]], [[land measurement]] and later [[astronomy]]; nowadays, all sciences suggest problems studied by mathematicians, and many problems arise within mathematics itself. [[Isaac Newton|Newton]] was one of the [[infinitesimal calculus]] inventors, [[Feynman]] invented the [[Feynman path integral]] using a combination of reasoning and physical insight, and today's [[string theory]] also inspires new mathematics. Some mathematics is only relevant in the area that inspired it, and is applied to solve further problems in that area. But often mathematics inspired by one area proves useful in many areas, and joins the general stock of mathematical concepts. The remarkable fact that even the "purest" mathematics often turns out to have practical applications is what [[Eugene Wigner]] has called "[[The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Natural Sciences|the unreasonable effectiveness of mathematics]]." As in most areas of study, the explosion of knowledge in the scientific age has led to specialization in mathematics. One major distinction is between [[pure mathematics]] and [[applied mathematics]]. Within applied mathematics, two major areas have split off and become disciplines in their own right, [[statistics]] and [[computer science]]. Many mathematicians talk about the ''elegance'' of mathematics, its intrinsic [[aesthetics]] and inner [[beauty]]. [[Simplicity]] and [[generality]] are valued. There is beauty also in a clever proof, such as [[Euclid]]'s proof that there are infinitely many [[prime number]]s, and in a numerical method that speeds calculation, such as the [[fast Fourier transform]]. [[G. H. Hardy]] in ''[[A Mathematician's Apology]]'' expressed the belief that these aesthetic considerations are, in themselves, sufficient to justify the study of pure mathematics. ==Notation, language, and rigor== [[Image:Pic79.png|right|thumb|In modern notation, simple expressions can describe complex concepts. This image is generated by a single [[equation]].]] {{main|Mathematical notation}} Most of the mathematical notation we use today was not invented until the [[16th century]]. Before that, mathematics was written out in words, a painstaking process that limited mathematical discovery. Modern notation makes mathematics much easier for the professional, but beginners often find it daunting. It is extremely compressed: a few symbols contain a great deal of information. Like musical notation, modern mathematical notation has a strict syntax and encodes information that would be difficult to write in any other way. Mathematical language also is hard for beginners. Words such as ''or'' or ''only'' have more precise meanings than in everyday speech. Also confusing to beginners, words such as ''[[open set|open]]'' and ''[[field (mathematics)|field]]'' have been given specialized mathematical meanings, and [[mathematical jargon]] includes technical terms such as ''[[homeomorphism]]'' and ''[[integrability|integrable]]''. It was said that [[Henri Poincaré]] was only elected to the [[Académie française]] so that he could tell them how to define ''[[automorphic|automorphe]]'' in their dictionary. But there is a reason for special notation and technical jargon: mathematics requires more precision than everyday speech. Mathematicians refer to this precision of language and logic as "rigor". Rigor is fundamentally a matter of [[mathematical proof]]. Mathematicians want their theorems to follow from axioms by means of systematic reasoning. This is to avoid mistaken "[[theorem]]s", based on fallible intuitions, of which many instances have occurred in the history of the subject (for example, in [[mathematical analysis]]). The level of rigor expected in mathematics has varied over time: the Greeks expected detailed arguments, but at the time of [[Isaac Newton]] the methods employed were less rigorous. Problems inherent in the definitions used by Newton would lead to a resurgence of careful analysis and formal proof in the 19th century. Today, mathematicians continue to argue among themselves about [[computer-assisted proof]]s. Since large computations are hard to verify, such proofs may not be sufficiently rigorous. [[Axiom]]s in traditional thought were 'self-evident truths', but that conception is problematic. At a formal level, an axiom is just a string of symbols, which has an intrinsic meaning only in the context of all derivable formulas of an [[axiomatic system]]. It was the goal of [[Hilbert's program]] to put all of mathematics on a firm axiomatic basis, but according to [[Gödel's incompleteness theorem]] every (sufficiently powerful) axiomatic system has undecidable formulas; and so a final [[axiomatization]] of mathematics is impossible. Nonetheless mathematics is often imagined to be (as far as its formal content) nothing but [[set theory]] in some axiomatization, in the sense that every mathematical statement or proof could be cast into formulas within set theory. ==Mathematics as science== [[Image:Carl Friedrich Gauss.jpg|right|thumb|[[Carl Friedrich Gauss]], while known as the "prince of mathematicians", did not believe that mathematics was worthy of study in its own right.]] [[Carl Friedrich Gauss]] referred to mathematics as "the Queen of the Sciences".<ref>[[Wolfgang Sartorius von Waltershausen|Waltershausen, Wolfgang Sartorius von]]: ''Gauss zum Gedächtniss'', 1856. (''Gauss zum Gedächtnis'' 1965 reprint by Sändig Reprint Verlag H. R. Wohlwend: ISBN 3-253-01702-8, [http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/ASIN/B0000BN5SQ ASIN: B0000BN5SQ]).</ref> In the original Latin ''Regina Scientiarum'', as well as in {{lan|German}} ''Königin der Wissenschaften'', the word corresponding to ''science'' means (field of) knowledge. Indeed, this is also the original meaning in English, and there is no doubt that mathematics is in this sense a science. The specialization restricting the meaning to ''natural'' science is of later date. If one considers [[science]] to be strictly about the physical world, then mathematics, or at least [[pure mathematics]], is not a science. [[Karl Popper]] believed that mathematics was not experimentally [[Falsifiability|falsifiable]] and thus not a science.{{fact}} However, other thinkers, notably [[Imre Lakatos]], have applied a version of falsificationism to mathematics itself. In his 2002 book ''[[A New Kind of Science]]'', [[Stephen Wolfram]] argues that computational mathematics deserves to be explored empirically as a scientific field in its own right. An alternative view is that certain scientific fields (such as [[theoretical physics]]) are mathematics with axioms that are intended to correspond to reality. In fact, the theoretical physicist, J. M. Ziman, proposed that science is ''public knowledge'' and thus includes mathematics.<ref>{{cite paper|url=http://info.med.yale.edu/therarad/summers/ziman.htm|date=1968|title=Public Knowledge:An essay concerning the social dimension of science|author= Ziman, J.M., F.R.S.}}</ref> In any case, mathematics shares much in common with many fields in the physical sciences, notably the exploration of the logical consequences of assumptions. [[intuition (knowledge)|Intuition]] and [[experiment|experimentation]] also play a role in the formulation of [[conjecture]]s in both mathematics and the (other) sciences. [[Experimental mathematics]] continues to grow in importance within mathematics, and computation and simulation are playing an increasing role in both the sciences and mathematics, weakening the objection that mathematics does not utilize the [[Scientific Method]]. The opinions of mathematicians on this matter are varied. While some in [[applied mathematics]] feel that they are scientists, those in pure mathematics often feel that they are working in an area more akin to [[logic]] and that they are, hence, fundamentally [[Philosophy|philosophers]]. Many mathematicians feel that to call their area a science is to downplay the importance of its aesthetic side, and its history in the traditional seven [[liberal arts]]; others feel that to ignore its connection to the sciences is to turn a blind eye to the fact that the interface between mathematics and its applications in science and [[engineering]] has driven much development in mathematics. One way this difference of viewpoint plays out is in the philosophical debate as to whether mathematics is ''created'' (as in art) or ''discovered'' (as in science). It is common to see [[University|universities]] divided into sections that include a division of ''Science and Mathematics'', indicating that the fields are seen as being allied but that they do not coincide. In practice, mathematicians are typically grouped with scientists at the gross level but separated at finer levels. This is one of many issues considered in the [[philosophy of mathematics]]. Mathematical awards are generally kept separate from their equivalents in science. The most prestigious award in mathematics is the [[Fields Medal]],{{citation-needed}} established in 1936 and now awarded every 4 years. It is usually considered the equivalent of science's [[Nobel prize]]. Another major international award, the [[Abel Prize]], was introduced in 2003. Both of these are awarded for a particular body of work, either innovation in a new area of mathematics or resolution of an outstanding problem in an established field. A famous list of 23 such open problems, called "[[Hilbert's problems]]", was compiled in 1900 by German mathematician [[David Hilbert]]. This list achieved great celebrity among mathematicians, and at least nine of the problems have now been solved. A new list of seven important problems, titled the "[[Clay Mathematics Institute#The Millennium Prize problems|Millennium Prize Problems]]", was published in 2000. Solution of each of these problems carries a $1 million reward, and only one (the [[Riemann hypothesis]]) is duplicated in Hilbert's problems. ==Fields of mathematics== [[Image:Abacus 6.png|right|thumb|Early mathematics was entirely concerned with the need to perform practical calculations, as reflected in this Chinese [[abacus]].]] As noted above, the major disciplines within mathematics first arose out of the need to do calculations in commerce, to understand the relationships between numbers, to measure land, and to predict [[astronomy|astronomical]] events. These four needs can be roughly related to the broad subdivision of mathematics into the study of quantity, structure, space, and change (i.e., [[arithmetic]], [[algebra]], [[geometry]], and [[mathematical analysis|analysis]]). In addition to these main concerns, there are also subdivisions dedicated to exploring links from the heart of mathematics to other fields: to [[Mathematical logic|logic]], to [[set theory]] ([[Foundations of mathematics|foundations]]), to the empirical mathematics of the various sciences ([[applied mathematics]]), and more recently to the rigorous study of [[uncertainty]]. ===Quantity=== The study of quantity starts with [[number]]s, first the familiar [[natural number]]s and [[integer]]s ("whole numbers") and arithmetical operations on them, which are characterized in [[arithmetic]]. The deeper properties of integers are studied in [[number theory]], whence such popular results as [[Fermat's last theorem]]. Number theory also holds two widely-considered unsolved problems: the [[twin prime conjecture]] and [[Goldbach's conjecture]]. As the number system is further developed, the integers are recognised as a [[subset]] of the [[rational numbers]] ("fractions"). These, in turn, are contained within the [[real numbers]], which are used to represent continuous quantities. Real numbers are generalised to [[complex number]]s. These are the first steps of a hierarchy of numbers that goes on to include [[quarternions]] and [[octonions]]. Consideration of the natural numbers also leads to the [[transfinite numbers]], which formalise the concept of counting to infinite. Another area of study is size, which leads to the [[cardinal number]]s and then to another conception of infinity; the [[aleph number]]s, which allow meaningful comparison of the size of infinitely large sets. :{| style="border:1px solid #ddd; text-align:center; margin: auto;" cellspacing="20" | <math>1, 2, \ldots \,</math> || <math>\ldots, -1, 0, 1, \ldots \,</math> || <math>\frac{1}{2}, \frac{2}{3}, 0.125,\ldots \,</math> || <math>\pi, e, \sqrt{2},\ldots \,</math> || <math>i, 3i+2, e^{i\pi/3},\ldots \,</math> |- | [[Natural number]]s|| [[Integer]]s || [[Rational number]]s || [[Real number]]s || [[Complex number]]s |} ===Structure=== Many mathematical objects, such as [[set]]s of numbers and [[function]]s, exhibit internal structure. The structural properties of these objects are investigated in the study of [[group (mathematics)|groups]], [[ring (mathematics)|rings]], [[field (mathematics)|fields]] and other abstract systems, which are themselves such objects. This is the field of [[abstract algebra]]. An important concept here is that of [[vector (spatial)|vector]]s, generalized to [[vector space]]s, and studied in [[linear algebra]]. The study of vectors combines three of the fundamental areas of mathematics; quantity, structure, and space. [[Vector calculus]] expands the field into a fourth fundamental area, that of change. :{| style="border:1px solid #ddd; text-align:center; margin: auto;" cellspacing="15" | [[Image:Elliptic curve simple.png|96px]] || [[Image:Rubik float.png|96px]] || [[Image:GroupDiagramD6.png|96px]] || [[Image:Lattice of the divisibility of 60.svg|96px]] |- | [[Number theory]] || [[Abstract algebra]] || [[Group theory]] || [[Order theory]] |} ===Space=== The study of space originates with [[geometry]] - in particular, [[Euclidean geometry]]. [[Trigonometry]] combines space and number, and encompasses the well-known [[Pythagorean theorem]]. The modern study of space generalizes these ideas to include higher-dimensional geometry, [[Non-euclidean geometry|non-Euclidean geometries]] (which play a central role in [[general relativity]]) and [[topology]]. Quantity and space both play a role in [[analytic geometry]], [[differential geometry]], and [[algebraic geometry]]. Within differential geometry are the concepts of [[fiber bundles]] and calculus on [[manifold]]s. Within algebraic geometry is the description of geometric objects as solution sets of [[polynomial]] equations, combining the concepts of quantity and space, and also the study of [[topological groups]], which combine structure and space. [[Lie group]]s are used to study space, structure, and change. [[Topology]] in all its many ramifications may have been the greatest growth area in 20th century mathematics, and includes the long-standing [[Poincaré conjecture]] and the controversial [[four color theorem]], whose only proof, by computer, has never been verified by a human. :{| style="border:1px solid #ddd; text-align:center; margin: auto;" cellspacing="15" | [[Image:Pythagorean.svg|96px]] || [[Image:Taylorsine.png|96px]] || [[Image:OsculatingCircle.png|96px]] || [[Image:Torus.jpg|96px]] || [[Image:Koch curve.png|96px]] |- |[[Geometry]] || [[Trigonometry]] || [[Differential geometry]] || [[Topology]] || [[Fractal geometry]] |} ===Change=== Understanding and describing change is a common theme in the [[natural science]]s, and [[calculus]] was developed as a powerful tool to investigate it. [[function (mathematics)|Functions]] arise here, as a central concept describing a changing quantity. The rigorous study of real numbers and real-valued functions is known as [[real analysis]], with [[complex analysis]] the equivalent field for the complex numbers. The [[Riemann hypothesis]], one of the most fundamental open questions in mathematics, is drawn from complex analysis. [[Functional analysis]] focuses attention on (typically infinite-dimensional) [[space#Mathematical spaces|space]]s of functions. One of many applications of functional analysis is [[quantum mechanics]]. Many problems lead naturally to relationships between a quantity and its rate of change, and these are studied as [[differential equation]]s. Many phenomena in nature can be described by [[dynamical system]]s; [[chaos theory]] makes precise the ways in which many of these systems exhibit unpredictable yet still [[deterministic system (mathematics)|deterministic]] behavior. :{| style="border:1px solid #ddd; text-align:center; margin: auto;" cellspacing="20" | [[Image:Integral_as_region_under_curve.png|96px]] || [[Image:Vectorfield_jaredwf.png|96px]] || <math>\frac{d^2}{dx^2} y = \frac{d}{dx} y + c</math> || [[Image:Limitcycle.jpg|96px]] || [[Image:LorenzAttractor.png|96px]] |- | [[Calculus]] || [[Vector calculus]]|| [[Differential equation]]s || [[Dynamical system]]s || [[Chaos theory]] |} ===Foundations and philosophy=== In order to clarify the [[foundations of mathematics]], the fields of [[mathematical logic]] and [[set theory]] were developed. Mathematical logic is concerned with setting mathematics on a rigid [[axiom]]atic framework, and studying the results of such a framework. As such, it is home to [[Gödel's incompleteness theorems#Second incompleteness theorem|Gödel's second incompleteness theorem]], perhaps the most widely celebrated result in logic, which (informally) implies that there are always true theorems which cannot be proven. Modern logic is divided into [[recursion theory]], [[model theory]], and [[proof theory]], and is closely linked to [[theoretical computer science|theoretical]] [[computer science]]. :{| style="border:1px solid #ddd; text-align:center; margin: auto;" cellspacing="15" | <math> P \Rightarrow Q \,</math>|| [[Image:Venn_A_intersect_B.png|128px]] || [[Image:MorphismComposition-01.png|96px]] |- | [[Mathematical logic]] || [[Set theory]] || [[Category theory]] || |} ===Discrete mathematics=== [[Discrete mathematics]] is the common name for the fields of mathematics most generally useful in [[theoretical computer science]]. This includes [[Computability theory (computation)|computability theory]], [[computational complexity theory]], and [[information theory]]. Computability theory examines the limitations of various theoretical models of the computer, including the most powerful known model - the [[Turing machine]]. Complexity theory is the study of tractability by computer; some problems, although theoretically soluble by computer, are so expensive in terms of time or space that solving them is likely to remain practically unfeasible, even with rapid advance of computer hardware. Finally, information theory is concerned with the amount of data that can be stored on a given medium, and hence concepts such as [[data compression|compression]] and [[Entropy in thermodynamics and information theory|entropy]]. As a relatively new field, discrete mathematics has a number of fundamental open problems. The most famous of these is the "[[Complexity classes P and NP|P=NP?]]" problem, one of the [[Millennium Prize Problems]]. It is widely believed that the answer to this problem is no. :{| style="border:1px solid #ddd; text-align:center; margin: auto;" cellspacing="15" | <math>\begin{matrix} (1,2,3) & (1,3,2) \\ (2,1,3) & (2,3,1) \\ (3,1,2) & (3,2,1) \end{matrix}</math> || [[Image:DFAexample.png|96px]] || [[Image:Caesar3.png|96px]] || [[Image:6n-graf.svg|96px]] |- | [[Combinatorics]] || [[Theory of computation]] || [[Cryptography]] || [[Graph theory]] |} ===Applied mathematics=== Applied mathematics considers the use of abstract mathematical tools in solving concrete problems in [[natural science]]. An important field in applied mathematics is [[statistics]], which uses [[probability theory]] as a tool and allows the description, analysis, and prediction of phenomena where chance plays a role. This is used in all the sciences. (Many statisticians, however, do not consider themselves to be mathematicians, but rather part of an allied group.) [[Numerical analysis]] investigates computational methods for efficiently solving a broad range of mathematical problems that are typically too large for human numerical capacity; it includes the study of [[rounding error]]s or other sources of error in computation. :[[Mathematical physics]] • [[Mechanics|Analytical mechanics]] • [[Fluid mechanics|Mathematical fluid dynamics]] • [[Numerical analysis]] • [[Optimization (mathematics)|Optimization]] • [[Probability]] • [[Statistics]] • [[Mathematical economics]] • [[Financial mathematics]] • [[Game theory]] • [[Mathematical biology]] • [[Cryptography]] • [[Operations research]] ==Common misconceptions== Mathematics is not a closed intellectual system, in which everything has already been worked out. There is no shortage of open problems. [[Pseudomathematics]] is a form of mathematics-like activity undertaken outside [[academia]], and occasionally by mathematicians themselves. It often consists of determined attacks on famous questions, consisting of proof-attempts made in an isolated way (that is, long papers not supported by previously published theory). The relationship to generally-accepted mathematics is similar to that between [[pseudoscience]] and real science. The misconceptions involved are normally based on: *misunderstanding of the implications of [[mathematical rigor]]; *attempts to circumvent the usual criteria for publication of [[mathematical paper]]s in a [[learned journal]] after [[peer review]], often in the belief that the journal is biased against the author; *lack of familiarity with, and therefore underestimation of, the existing literature. The case of [[Kurt Heegner]]'s work shows that the mathematical establishment is neither infallible, nor unwilling to admit error in assessing 'amateur' work. And like [[astronomy]], mathematics owes much to amateur contributors such as [[Pierre de Fermat|Fermat]] and [[Marin Mersenne|Mersenne]]. === Relationship between mathematics and physical reality === Mathematical concepts and theorems need not correspond to anything in the physical world. Insofar as a correspondence does exist, while mathematicians and physicists may select axioms and postulates that seem reasonable and intuitive, it is not necessary for the basic assumptions within an axiomatic system to be true in an empirical or physical sense. This leads to confusion on the part of those who assume that where mathematical concepts are named after or ostensibly correspond with aspects of reality (physics, economics, etc), they have a rigorous relationship with it. Such is simply not the case, and empirical testing of mathematical predictions is not a mathematical undertaking (see [[Mathematics#Mathematics as science|Mathematics as science]] above). Thus while most systems of axioms are derived from our perceptions and experiments, they are not dependent on them. Nevertheless, mathematics remains extremely useful for solving real-world problems. This fact led Eugene Wigner to write an essay, ''[[The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Natural Sciences]]''. === What mathematics is not === Mathematics is not about unrestricted [[theorem proving]], any more than [[literature]] is about the construction of [[grammar|grammatically correct]] [[sentence (linguistics)|sentence]]s. Mathematics is not [[accountancy]]. Although arithmetic computation is crucial to accountants, their main concern is to verify that computations are correct through a system of doublechecks. Advances in abstract mathematics are mostly irrelevant to the efficiency of bookkeeping, but the use of computers clearly does matter. Mathematics is not [[numerology]]. Numerology uses [[modular arithmetic]] to reduce names and dates down to numbers, but assigns emotions or traits to these numbers intuitively or on the basis of traditions. ==References== <div class="references-small"> <references/> *[[Morris Kline|Kline, Morris]], ''Mathematical Thought from Ancient to Modern Times'', Oxford University Press, USA; Paperback edition (March 1, 1990). ISBN 0195061357. </div> ==Further reading== *Benson, Donald C., ''The Moment of Proof: Mathematical Epiphanies'', Oxford University Press, USA; New Ed edition (December 14, 2000). ISBN 0195139194. *[[Carl B. Boyer|Boyer, Carl B.]], ''A History of Mathematics'', Wiley; 2 edition (March 6, 1991). ISBN 0471543977. &mdash; A concise history of mathematics from the Concept of Number to contemporary Mathematics. *Courant, R. and H. Robbins, ''What Is Mathematics? : An Elementary Approach to Ideas and Methods'', Oxford University Press, USA; 2 edition (July 18, 1996). ISBN 0195105192. *[[Philip J. Davis|Davis, Philip J.]] and [[Reuben Hersh|Hersh, Reuben]], ''The Mathematical Experience''. Mariner Books; Reprint edition (January 14, 1999). ISBN 0395929687.&mdash; A gentle introduction to the world of mathematics. *Gullberg, Jan, ''Mathematics—From the Birth of Numbers''. W. W. Norton & Company; 1st edition (October 1997). ISBN 039304002X. &mdash; An encyclopedic overview of mathematics presented in clear, simple language. *Hazewinkel, Michiel (ed.), ''[[Encyclopaedia of Mathematics]]''. Kluwer Academic Publishers 2000. &mdash; A translated and expanded version of a Soviet mathematics encyclopedia, in ten (expensive) volumes, the most complete and authoritative work available. Also in paperback and on CD-ROM, and online [http://eom.springer.de/default.htm]. *Pappas, Theoni, ''The Joy Of Mathematics'', Wide World Publishing; Revised edition (June 1989). ISBN 0933174659. *{{cite book | last = Paulos | first = John Allen | authorlink = John Allen Paulos | year = 1996 | title = A Mathematician Reads the Newspaper | publisher = Anchor | id = ISBN 038548254X}} ==See also== * [[Portal:Mathematics|Mathematics portal]] * [[Philosophy of mathematics]] * [[Mathematical game]] * [[Mathematical problem]] ==External links== {{sisterlinks|Mathematics}} {{Wikibookspar|Wikiversity|School of Mathematics}} * Online [http://eom.springer.de/ "Encyclopaedia of Mathematics"] from Springer. Graduate-level reference work with over 8,000 entries, illuminating nearly 50,000 notions in mathematics. * [http://www.cut-the-knot.org/ ''Interactive Mathematics Miscellany and Puzzles''] &mdash; A collection of articles on various mathematical topics, with interactive [[Java applet|Java]] illustrations at [[cut-the-knot]] * [http://www-math.mit.edu/daimp Some mathematics applets, at MIT] * Rusin, Dave: [http://www.math-atlas.org/ ''The Mathematical Atlas'']. A guided tour through the various branches of modern mathematics. * Stefanov, Alexandre: [http://us.geocities.com/alex_stef/mylist.html ''Textbooks in Mathematics'']. A list of free online textbooks and lecture notes in mathematics. * Weisstein, Eric et al.: [http://www.mathworld.com/ ''MathWorld: World of Mathematics'']. An online encyclopedia of mathematics. * Polyanin, Andrei: [http://eqworld.ipmnet.ru/ ''EqWorld: The World of Mathematical Equations'']. An online resource focusing on algebraic, ordinary differential, partial differential ([[mathematical physics]]), integral, and other mathematical equations. * [http://planetmath.org/ ''Planet Math'']. An online mathematics encyclopedia under construction, focusing on modern mathematics. Uses the [[GNU Free Documentation License|GFDL]], allowing article exchange with Wikipedia. Uses [[TeX]] markup. * [http://www.mathforge.net/ ''Mathforge'']. A news-blog with topics ranging from popular mathematics to popular physics to computer science and education. * [http://www.youngmath.net/concerns ''Young Mathematicians Network (YMN)'']. A math-blog "Serving the Community of Young Mathematicians". Topics include: Mathematics News, Grad and Undergrad Life, Job Search, Career, Work & Family, Teaching, Research, Misc... * [http://metamath.org/ ''Metamath'']. A site and a language, that formalize mathematics from its foundations. * [http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/ Mathematician Bibliography]. Extensive history and quotes from all famous mathematicians. * Cain, George: [http://www.math.gatech.edu/~cain/textbooks/onlinebooks.html Online Mathematics Textbooks] available free online. * [http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/DicHist/analytic/anaVII.html Math & Logic: The history of formal mathematical, logical, linguistic and methodological ideas.] In ''The Dictionary of the History of Ideas.'' * [http://www.nrich.maths.org/public/index.php nrich] Prize winning mathematics site for students from age five from [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge University]] {{Mathematics-footer}} 10 43 2006-08-03T20:04:37Z Usingha '''জ্যামিতি''' <p>বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া।</p> ==Link== <p>[[Test-wp/bpy/|পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 85 2006-10-02T13:23:59Z Incubator import 6 Fixing internal links '''জ্যামিতি''' <p>বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া।</p> ==Link== <p>[[পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 113 2006-10-02T13:24:01Z Incubator import 6 [[Test-wp/bpy/জ্যামিতি]] moved to [[জ্যামিতি]] '''জ্যামিতি''' <p>বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া।</p> ==Link== <p>[[পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 11 44 2006-08-03T20:45:00Z Usingha '''তিলপা রাষ্ট্র(USA)''' <p>বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া।</p> ==Link== <p>[[Test-wp/bpy/|পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 86 2006-10-02T13:23:59Z Incubator import 6 Fixing internal links '''তিলপা রাষ্ট্র(USA)''' <p>বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া।</p> ==Link== <p>[[পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 115 2006-10-02T13:24:01Z Incubator import 6 [[Test-wp/bpy/তিলপা রাষ্ট্র(USA)]] moved to [[তিলপা রাষ্ট্র(USA)]] '''তিলপা রাষ্ট্র(USA)''' <p>বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া।</p> ==Link== <p>[[পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 12 45 2006-08-03T20:43:31Z Usingha '''দেশ''' <p>বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া।</p> ==Link== <p>[[Test-wp/bpy/|পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 87 2006-10-02T13:23:59Z Incubator import 6 Fixing internal links '''দেশ''' <p>বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া।</p> ==Link== <p>[[পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 117 2006-10-02T13:24:01Z Incubator import 6 [[Test-wp/bpy/দেশ]] moved to [[দেশ]] '''দেশ''' <p>বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া।</p> ==Link== <p>[[পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 13 46 2006-08-03T20:37:35Z Usingha '''ধর্ম''' ধর্ম বা লিচেত, এহানে মানুরে হবা পথে চলতে সাহায্য করের, মনহানরে ঙকখি-ঙারাল করেদের। মানুর নানান লিচেতর মা<br> ১) হিন্দু <br> ২) বৌদ্ধ <br> ৩) ইসলাম<br> ৪) খ্রীষ্টান<br> ৫) ইহুদি<br> <p>বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া।</p> ==Link== <p>[[Test-wp/bpy/|পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 88 2006-10-02T13:23:59Z Incubator import 6 Fixing internal links '''ধর্ম''' ধর্ম বা লিচেত, এহানে মানুরে হবা পথে চলতে সাহায্য করের, মনহানরে ঙকখি-ঙারাল করেদের। মানুর নানান লিচেতর মা<br> ১) হিন্দু <br> ২) বৌদ্ধ <br> ৩) ইসলাম<br> ৪) খ্রীষ্টান<br> ৫) ইহুদি<br> <p>বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া।</p> ==Link== <p>[[পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 119 2006-10-02T13:24:01Z Incubator import 6 [[Test-wp/bpy/ধর্ম]] moved to [[ধর্ম]] '''ধর্ম''' ধর্ম বা লিচেত, এহানে মানুরে হবা পথে চলতে সাহায্য করের, মনহানরে ঙকখি-ঙারাল করেদের। মানুর নানান লিচেতর মা<br> ১) হিন্দু <br> ২) বৌদ্ধ <br> ৩) ইসলাম<br> ৪) খ্রীষ্টান<br> ৫) ইহুদি<br> <p>বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া।</p> ==Link== <p>[[পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 14 47 2006-08-03T20:43:09Z Usingha '''নাচা''' <p>বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া।</p> ==Link== <p>[[Test-wp/bpy/|পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 89 2006-10-02T13:23:59Z Incubator import 6 Fixing internal links '''নাচা''' <p>বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া।</p> ==Link== <p>[[পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 121 2006-10-02T13:24:01Z Incubator import 6 [[Test-wp/bpy/নাচা]] moved to [[নাচা]] '''নাচা''' <p>বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া।</p> ==Link== <p>[[পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 15 48 2006-08-03T20:03:14Z Usingha '''পশু বিজ্ঞান''' <p>বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া।</p> ==Link== <p>[[Test-wp/bpy/|পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 90 2006-10-02T13:23:59Z Incubator import 6 Fixing internal links '''পশু বিজ্ঞান''' <p>বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া।</p> ==Link== <p>[[পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 123 2006-10-02T13:24:01Z Incubator import 6 [[Test-wp/bpy/পশু বিজ্ঞান]] moved to [[পশু বিজ্ঞান]] '''পশু বিজ্ঞান''' <p>বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া।</p> ==Link== <p>[[পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 16 49 2006-08-03T19:31:13Z Usingha '''প্রকৃতি''' বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক 50 2006-08-03T19:32:56Z Usingha '''প্রকৃতি''' বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া। 125 2006-10-02T13:24:01Z Incubator import 6 [[Test-wp/bpy/প্রকৃতি]] moved to [[প্রকৃতি]] '''প্রকৃতি''' বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া। 17 51 2006-08-03T20:44:36Z Usingha '''বাংলাদেশ''' <p>বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া।</p> ==Link== <p>[[Test-wp/bpy/|পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 91 2006-10-02T13:24:00Z Incubator import 6 Fixing internal links '''বাংলাদেশ''' <p>বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া।</p> ==Link== <p>[[পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 127 2006-10-02T13:24:01Z Incubator import 6 [[Test-wp/bpy/বাংলাদেশ]] moved to [[বাংলাদেশ]] '''বাংলাদেশ''' <p>বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া।</p> ==Link== <p>[[পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 18 52 2006-08-03T19:37:01Z Usingha '''বিজ্ঞান''' বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া। http://incubator.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Test-wp/bpy/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8&action=edit 53 2006-08-03T19:37:32Z Usingha '''বিজ্ঞান''' বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া। /Test-wp/bpy/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8&action=edit 54 2006-08-03T19:40:14Z Usingha '''বিজ্ঞান''' বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া। {{Incubator|code= bpy/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8&action=edit}}} 55 2006-08-03T19:40:57Z Usingha '''বিজ্ঞান''' বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া। {{Incubator|code= bpy/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8&action=edit}} 56 2006-08-03T19:43:22Z Usingha '''বিজ্ঞান''' বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া। {{সম্পাদনা|Test-wp/bpy/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8&action=edit}} 57 2006-08-03T19:44:22Z Usingha '''বিজ্ঞান''' বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া। সম্পাদনা|Test-wp/bpy/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8&action=edit 58 2006-08-03T19:44:43Z Usingha '''বিজ্ঞান''' বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া। [সম্পাদনা|Test-wp/bpy/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8&action=edit] 59 2006-08-03T19:45:06Z Usingha '''বিজ্ঞান''' বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া। {সম্পাদনা|Test-wp/bpy/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8&action=edit} 60 2006-08-03T19:46:53Z Usingha '''বিজ্ঞান''' বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া। {{বিজ্ঞান|Test-wp/bpy/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8&action=edit}} 61 2006-08-03T19:53:08Z Usingha '''বিজ্ঞান''' বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া। [[Test-wp/bpy/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8&action=edit]] 62 2006-08-03T19:53:39Z Usingha '''বিজ্ঞান''' বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া। [[%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8&action=edit]] 63 2006-08-03T19:54:48Z Usingha '''বিজ্ঞান''' বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া। [[edit]] 64 2006-08-03T19:55:22Z Usingha '''বিজ্ঞান''' বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া। [[বিজ্ঞান]] 65 2006-08-03T19:56:35Z Usingha '''বিজ্ঞান''' বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া। [[Test-wp/bpy/]] 66 2006-08-03T19:57:24Z Usingha '''বিজ্ঞান''' বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া। [[পয়লা পাতাত অআলথক|Test-wp/bpy/]] 67 2006-08-03T19:58:25Z Usingha '''বিজ্ঞান''' বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া। [[Test-wp/bpy/|পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]] 68 2006-08-03T19:59:22Z Usingha '''বিজ্ঞান''' বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া। <p>[[Test-wp/bpy/|পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 69 2006-08-03T20:01:53Z Usingha '''বিজ্ঞান''' বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া। ==Link== <p>[[Test-wp/bpy/|পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 92 2006-10-02T13:24:00Z Incubator import 6 Fixing internal links '''বিজ্ঞান''' বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া। ==Link== <p>[[পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 129 2006-10-02T13:24:01Z Incubator import 6 [[Test-wp/bpy/বিজ্ঞান]] moved to [[বিজ্ঞান]] '''বিজ্ঞান''' বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া। ==Link== <p>[[পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 160 2006-10-06T01:26:35Z Usingha 10 <DIV style="border: 1px solid #006699; width: 100%; margin: 0"> <H3 style="padding: 10px; margin: 0; text-align: center; background-color: #006699; border-bottom: 1px solid #006699; font: size 15px bold 80% Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; color: yellow"> বিজ্ঞান </H3> <DIV style="background-color: #FFFFFF; padding: 1em; padding-left: 25px; font: normal 90% Verdana, Arial, sans-serif"> <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[Image:Nuvola apps kalzium.png|80px|Icon]] </div>A '''[[science]]''', from the [[Latin]], ''scire'', to know, is a body of knowledge that is constructed via observation, hypothesis, experimentation, and logic for the purpose of explaining and predicting events or behavior. Observation, experimentation and critical reasoning all play crucial roles in the advancement of scientific knowledge. A discipline is widely regarded as a science if its practitioners apply the '[[scientific method]]'. According to [[falsifiability | falsificationists]], this involves the formation of a ''testable'' [[hypothesis]], followed by ongoing attempts to refute this hypothesis via critical reasoning, experimentation and observation. A hypothesis that has been rigorously tested under a wide variety of conditions, and which remains unrefuted, is tentatively accepted as a useful approximation to the truth, and attains the status of theory; future observations may yet refute it. <div style="text-align:right;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:4px;">'''[[বিজ্ঞান|আরাকউ পাকরিক...]]'''</div> </DIV> </DIV> 161 2006-10-06T01:28:13Z Usingha 10 <DIV style="border: 1px solid #006699; width: 100%; margin: 0"> <H3 style="padding: 10px; margin: 0; text-align: center; background-color: #006699; border-bottom: 1px solid #006699; font: size 15px bold 80% Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; color: yellow"> বিজ্ঞান </H3> <DIV style="background-color: #FFFFFF; padding: 1em; padding-left: 25px; font: normal 90% Verdana, Arial, sans-serif"> <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.9em"> [[Image:Nuvola apps kalzium.png|80px|Icon]] </div>A '''[[science]]''', from the [[Latin]], ''scire'', to know, is a body of knowledge that is constructed via observation, hypothesis, experimentation, and logic for the purpose of explaining and predicting events or behavior. Observation, experimentation and critical reasoning all play crucial roles in the advancement of scientific knowledge. A discipline is widely regarded as a science if its practitioners apply the '[[scientific method]]'. According to [[falsifiability | falsificationists]], this involves the formation of a ''testable'' [[hypothesis]], followed by ongoing attempts to refute this hypothesis via critical reasoning, experimentation and observation. A hypothesis that has been rigorously tested under a wide variety of conditions, and which remains unrefuted, is tentatively accepted as a useful approximation to the truth, and attains the status of theory; future observations may yet refute it. <div style="text-align:right;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:4px;">'''[[/বিজ্ঞান|আরাকউ পাকরিক...]]'''</div> </DIV> </DIV> 19 70 2006-08-03T20:44:16Z Usingha '''ভারত''' <p>বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া।</p> ==Link== <p>[[Test-wp/bpy/|পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 93 2006-10-02T13:24:00Z Incubator import 6 Fixing internal links '''ভারত''' <p>বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া।</p> ==Link== <p>[[পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 131 2006-10-02T13:24:01Z Incubator import 6 [[Test-wp/bpy/ভারত]] moved to [[ভারত]] '''ভারত''' <p>বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া।</p> ==Link== <p>[[পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 20 71 2006-08-03T20:06:15Z Usingha '''ভূগোল''' <p>বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া।</p> ==Link== <p>[[Test-wp/bpy/|পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 94 2006-10-02T13:24:00Z Incubator import 6 Fixing internal links '''ভূগোল''' <p>বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া।</p> ==Link== <p>[[পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 133 2006-10-02T13:24:01Z Incubator import 6 [[Test-wp/bpy/ভূগোল]] moved to [[ভূগোল]] '''ভূগোল''' <p>বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া।</p> ==Link== <p>[[পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 21 72 2006-08-03T20:05:03Z Usingha '''মানু''' <p>বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া।</p> ==Link== <p>[[Test-wp/bpy/|পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 73 2006-08-23T20:42:34Z Timichal [[Test-wp/npy/মানু]] moved to [[Test-wp/bpy/মানু]]: correct place '''মানু''' <p>বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া।</p> ==Link== <p>[[Test-wp/bpy/|পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 95 2006-10-02T13:24:00Z Incubator import 6 Fixing internal links '''মানু''' <p>বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া।</p> ==Link== <p>[[পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 135 2006-10-02T13:24:01Z Incubator import 6 [[Test-wp/bpy/মানু]] moved to [[মানু]] '''মানু''' <p>বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া।</p> ==Link== <p>[[পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 22 74 2006-08-03T20:06:49Z Usingha '''মানুর বিজ্ঞান''' <p>বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া।</p> ==Link== <p>[[Test-wp/bpy/|পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 96 2006-10-02T13:24:00Z Incubator import 6 Fixing internal links '''মানুর বিজ্ঞান''' <p>বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া।</p> ==Link== <p>[[পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 137 2006-10-02T13:24:01Z Incubator import 6 [[Test-wp/bpy/মানুর বিজ্ঞান]] moved to [[মানুর বিজ্ঞান]] '''মানুর বিজ্ঞান''' <p>বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া।</p> ==Link== <p>[[পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 23 75 2006-08-03T20:43:53Z Usingha '''রাজ্য''' <p>বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া।</p> ==Link== <p>[[Test-wp/bpy/|পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 97 2006-10-02T13:24:00Z Incubator import 6 Fixing internal links '''রাজ্য''' <p>বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া।</p> ==Link== <p>[[পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 139 2006-10-02T13:24:01Z Incubator import 6 [[Test-wp/bpy/রাজ্য]] moved to [[রাজ্য]] '''রাজ্য''' <p>বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া।</p> ==Link== <p>[[পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 24 76 2006-08-03T20:41:56Z Usingha '''রূহিবৃত্তি''' <p>বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া।</p> ==Link== <p>[[Test-wp/bpy/|পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 98 2006-10-02T13:24:00Z Incubator import 6 Fixing internal links '''রূহিবৃত্তি''' <p>বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া।</p> ==Link== <p>[[পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 141 2006-10-02T13:24:01Z Incubator import 6 [[Test-wp/bpy/রূহিবৃত্তি]] moved to [[রূহিবৃত্তি]] '''রূহিবৃত্তি''' <p>বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া।</p> ==Link== <p>[[পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 25 77 2006-08-03T20:03:58Z Usingha '''লুক বিজ্ঞান''' <p>বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া।</p> ==Link== <p>[[Test-wp/bpy/|পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 99 2006-10-02T13:24:00Z Incubator import 6 Fixing internal links '''লুক বিজ্ঞান''' <p>বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া।</p> ==Link== <p>[[পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 143 2006-10-02T13:24:01Z Incubator import 6 [[Test-wp/bpy/লুক বিজ্ঞান]] moved to [[লুক বিজ্ঞান]] '''লুক বিজ্ঞান''' <p>বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া।</p> ==Link== <p>[[পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 26 78 2006-08-03T20:41:26Z Usingha '''সংস্কৃতি''' <p>বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া।</p> ==Link== <p>[[Test-wp/bpy/|পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 100 2006-10-02T13:24:00Z Incubator import 6 Fixing internal links '''সংস্কৃতি''' <p>বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া।</p> ==Link== <p>[[পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 145 2006-10-02T13:24:01Z Incubator import 6 [[Test-wp/bpy/সংস্কৃতি]] moved to [[সংস্কৃতি]] '''সংস্কৃতি''' <p>বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া।</p> ==Link== <p>[[পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 27 79 2006-08-03T20:05:35Z Usingha '''সমাজর বিজ্ঞান''' <p>বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া।</p> ==Link== <p>[[Test-wp/bpy/|পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 101 2006-10-02T13:24:00Z Incubator import 6 Fixing internal links '''সমাজর বিজ্ঞান''' <p>বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া।</p> ==Link== <p>[[পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 147 2006-10-02T13:24:01Z Incubator import 6 [[Test-wp/bpy/সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] moved to [[সমাজর বিজ্ঞান]] '''সমাজর বিজ্ঞান''' <p>বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া।</p> ==Link== <p>[[পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 28 80 2006-08-03T20:42:23Z Usingha '''হারৌ - পিয়ম''' <p>বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া।</p> ==Link== <p>[[Test-wp/bpy/|পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 102 2006-10-02T13:24:00Z Incubator import 6 Fixing internal links '''হারৌ - পিয়ম''' <p>বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া।</p> ==Link== <p>[[পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 149 2006-10-02T13:24:01Z Incubator import 6 [[Test-wp/bpy/হারৌ - পিয়ম]] moved to [[হারৌ - পিয়ম]] '''হারৌ - পিয়ম''' <p>বিষয় এহানল আলোচনা পুরা নাসে। মনেইলে পুরেইক গজর Edit Tab--গত ক্লিক করিয়া।</p> ==Link== <p>[[পয়লা পাতাত আলথক]]</p> 54 152 2006-10-02T23:30:05Z Taichi 8 {{Babel|es|en-2|ja-1|bpy-0}} Hi I'm '''Taichi'''. I don't speak manipuri; for any message please go [[:es:Usuario Discusión:Taichi|here]]. [[aa:User:Taichi]] [[ab:Участник:Taichi]] [[af:Gebruiker:Taichi]] [[ak:User:Taichi]] [[als:Benutzer:Taichi]] [[am:User:Taichi]] [[an:User:Taichi]] [[ang:User:Taichi]] [[ar:مستخدم:Taichi]] [[arc:User:Taichi]] [[as:User:Taichi]] [[ast:Usuariu:Taichi]] [[av:Участник:Taichi]] [[ay:Usuario:Taichi]] [[az:User:Taichi]] [[ba:Участник:Taichi]] [[be:Удзельнік:Taichi]] [[bg:Потребител:Taichi]] [[bh:User:Taichi]] [[bi:User:Taichi]] [[bm:Utilisateur:Taichi]] [[bn:ব্যবহারকারী:Taichi]] [[bo:User:Taichi]] [[br:Implijer:Taichi]] [[bs:User:Taichi]] [[ca:Usuari:Taichi]] [[ce:Участник:Taichi]] [[ceb:User:Taichi]] [[ch:User:Taichi]] [[cho:User:Taichi]] [[chr:User:Taichi]] [[chy:User:Taichi]] [[co:User:Taichi]] [[cr:User:Taichi]] [[cs:Wikipedista:Taichi]] [[csb:Brëkòwnik:Taichi]] [[cv:Хутшăнакан:Taichi]] [[cy:Defnyddiwr:Taichi]] [[da:Bruger:Taichi]] [[dv:User:Taichi]] [[dz:User:Taichi]] [[el:Χρήστης:Taichi]] [[en:User:Taichi]] [[eo:Vikipediisto:Taichi]] [[es:Usuario:Taichi]] [[et:Kasutaja:Taichi]] [[eu:Lankide:Taichi]] [[fa:کاربر:Taichi]] [[ff:User:Taichi]] [[fi:Käyttäjä:Taichi]] [[fiu-vro:User:Taichi]] [[fj:User:Taichi]] [[fo:Brúkari:Taichi]] [[fr:Utilisateur:Taichi]] [[fur:Utent:Taichi]] [[fy:Meidogger:Taichi]] [[ga:Úsáideoir:Taichi]] [[gd:User:Taichi]] [[gl:User:Taichi]] [[gn:Usuario:Taichi]] [[got:User:Taichi]] [[gu:User:Taichi]] [[gv:User:Taichi]] [[ha:User:Taichi]] [[haw:User:Taichi]] [[he:משתמש:Taichi]] [[hi:सदस्य:Taichi]] [[ho:User:Taichi]] [[hr:Suradnik:Taichi]] [[ht:User:Taichi]] [[hu:User:Taichi]] [[hy:User:Taichi]] [[hz:User:Taichi]] [[ia:Usator:Taichi]] [[id:Pengguna:Taichi]] [[ie:User:Taichi]] [[ig:User:Taichi]] [[ii:User:Taichi]] [[ik:User:Taichi]] [[io:User:Taichi]] [[is:Notandi:Taichi]] [[it:Utente:Taichi]] [[iu:User:Taichi]] [[ja:利用者:*Taichi*]] [[jbo:User:Taichi]] [[jv:User:Taichi]] [[ka:მომხმარებელი:Taichi]] [[kg:User:Taichi]] [[ki:User:Taichi]] [[kj:User:Taichi]] [[kk:User:Taichi]] [[kl:User:Taichi]] [[km:User:Taichi]] [[kn:User:Taichi]] [[ko:사용자:Taichi]] [[kr:User:Taichi]] [[ks:User:Taichi]] [[ku:Bikarhêner:Taichi]] [[kv:Участник:Taichi]] [[kw:User:Taichi]] [[ky:User:Taichi]] [[la:Usor:Taichi]] [[lb:User:Taichi]] [[lg:User:Taichi]] [[li:Gebroeker:Taichi]] [[ln:User:Taichi]] [[lo:User:Taichi]] [[lt:Naudotojas:Taichi]] [[lv:User:Taichi]] [[mg:User:Taichi]] [[mh:User:Taichi]] [[mi:User:Taichi]] [[mk:Корисник:Taichi]] [[ml:User:Taichi]] [[mn:User:Taichi]] [[mo:User:Taichi]] [[mr:User:Taichi]] [[ms:Pengguna:Taichi]] [[mt:User:Taichi]] [[mus:User:Taichi]] [[my:User:Taichi]] [[na:User:Taichi]] [[nah:Usuario:Taichi]] [[nds:Bruker:Taichi]] [[ne:User:Taichi]] [[ng:User:Taichi]] [[nl:Gebruiker:Taichi]] [[nn:Brukar:Taichi]] [[no:Bruker:Taichi]] [[nv:Choinish'įįhí:Taichi]] [[ny:User:Taichi]] [[oc:Utilisator:Taichi]] [[om:User:Taichi]] [[or:User:Taichi]] [[os:Архайæг:Taichi]] [[sl:Uporabnik:Taichi]] 55 156 2006-10-05T01:45:08Z Usingha 10 আমার ঠার/ইমার ঠার/বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী 56 162 2006-10-06T01:29:26Z Usingha 10 {{for|the periodical|Science (journal)}} {{portal}} '''Science''' in the broadest sense refers to any system of knowledge attained by verifiable means.<ref>See, e.g., the entry ''Science'' in the Oxford English Dictionary ISBN 0-19-522217-2</ref> In a more restricted sense, ''science'' refers to a system of acquiring knowledge based on [[empiricism#Scientific usage|empiricism]], [[experiment]]ation, and methodological [[naturalism (philosophy)|naturalism]], as well as to the organized body of [[knowledge]] humans have gained by such [[research]]. This article focuses on the meaning of ''science'' in the latter sense. [[Scientist]]s maintain that scientific investigation must adhere to the [[scientific method]], a process for evaluating [[empirical]] [[knowledge]] that explains [[observation|observable]] events in [[nature]] as results of natural causes, rejecting [[supernatural]] notions. Fields of science are commonly classified along two major lines: :* [[Natural science#Natural sciences|Natural sciences]], the study of the natural phenomena; :* [[Social sciences]], the systematic study of [[human behavior]] and [[society|societies]]. [[Mathematics]] has both similarities and differences compared to other fields of science. It is similar to other sciences, because it is a rigorous, structured study of topics such as quantity, structure, space, and change. It is, however, different in its method of arriving at results. Mathematics as a whole is vital to the sciences &mdash; indeed, major advances in mathematics have often led to major advances in other sciences. Certain aspects of mathematics are indispensable for the formation of [[hypotheses]], [[theories]], and [[Law (principle)|laws]], both in discovering and describing how things work (natural sciences) and how people think and act (social sciences). Science as defined above is sometimes termed [[pure science]] in order to differentiate it from [[applied science]], the latter being the application of scientific research to human needs. [[Image:Bohratommodel.png|thumb|307px|The [[Bohr model]] of the [[atom]], like many ideas in the [[history of science]], was at first prompted by and later partially disproved by experiment.]] ==Etymology== The word '''science''' comes from the [[Latin]] word ''scientia'' for [[knowledge]], which in turn comes from ''scio'' - ''I know''. The [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] root means to discern or to separate, akin to [[Sanskrit]] ''chyati'', he cuts off, [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] ''schizein'', to split, Latin ''scindere'', to split. From the [[Middle Ages]] to the [[Age of Enlightenment|Enlightenment]], ''science'' or ''scientia'' meant any systematic or exact recorded knowledge. ''Science'' therefore had the same sort of very broad meaning that ''[[philosophy]]'' had at that time. In some languages, including French, Spanish, Portuguese, and Italian, the word corresponding to ''science'' still carries this meaning. From classical times until the advent of the modern era, philosophy was divided into [[natural philosophy]] and [[moral philosophy]]. In the [[1800s]], the term ''natural philosophy'' gradually gave way to the term ''[[natural science]]''. Natural science was gradually specialized to its current domain, which typically includes the [[physical science]]s and [[biological science]]s. The [[social sciences]], inheriting portions of the realm of moral philosophy, are currently also included under the auspices of science to the extent that these disciplines use [[empirical method]]s. As currently understood, [[moral philosophy]] still retains the study of [[ethics]], regarded as a branch of philosophy and one of the three classical [[normative science]]s.<ref>The Oxford English Dictionary defines science as: # The state of fact of knowing; knowledge or cognizance of something specified or implied; also, with wider reference, knowledge (more or less extensive) as a personal attribute. (Now only theological and philosophical.) # Knowledge acquired by study; acquaintance with or mastery of any department of learning. Also (plural) (a person's) various kinds of knowledge. b) Trained skill # A particular branch of knowledge or study; a recognized department of learning. b) Contradistinguished from ''art''....d)A craft, trade or occupation requiring trained skill. (obs.) # In a more restricted sense: A branch of study which is concerned either with a connected body of demonstrated truths or with observed facts systematically classified and more or less colligated by being brought under general laws, and which includes trustworthy methods for the discovery of new truth within its own domain. # The kind of knowledge or of intellectual activity of which the various ''sciences'' are examples....In modern use, chiefly: The sciences (in sense 4) as distinguished from other departments of learning; scientific doctrine or investigation.... b) In modern use, often treated synonymous with 'Natural and Physical Science,' and thus restricted to those branches of study that relate to the phenomena of the material universe and their laws, sometimes with implied exclusion of pure mathematics.</ref> == Early history of Science == The earliest recorded scientific practices can be traced back to Egypt in North-East Africa. [[Isaac Asimov]] (a Russian-born American author) in his book ''Biographical Encyclopaedia of Science and Technology'' reports that science is a gift from Ancient Africa to the modern world. [[Imhotep]] (an Egyptian priest) was the first recorded person to practice [[Medicine]]. The earlest scientific centre could possibly have been the [[Library of Alexandria]] in Egypt (North-East Africa), where many notable early scientists like [[Euclid]] and [[Heron of Alexandria]] came to study. The [[Greeks]] also practiced science in its early forms but the oldest trace of science still lies in [[Egypt]]. ==Scientific method== {{main|Scientific method}} Scientists use ''model'' to refer to a description of something, specifically one which can be used to make predictions that can be tested by experiment or observation. A ''hypothesis'' is a contention that has been neither well supported nor yet ruled out by experiment. A ''theory'', in the context of science, is a logically self-consistent model or framework for describing the behavior of a certain natural phenomena. A theory typically describes the behavior of much broader sets of phenomena than a hypothesis &mdash; commonly, a large number of hypotheses may be logically bound together by a single theory. A ''physical law'' or ''law of nature'' is a scientific generalization based on a sufficiently large number of empirical observations that it is taken as fully verified. Scientific method seeks to explain the complexities of [[nature]] in a common, known, and replicatable way, and to use these explanations to make useful [[prediction]]s. The scientific method provides an objective process to find solutions to problems in a number of scientific and technological fields. Often scientists have a preference for one outcome over another, and it is important that this preference does not bias their interpretation. The scientific method attempts to minimize the influence of a scientist's bias on the outcome of an experiment. This can be achieved by correct experimental design, and thorough peer review of experimental design as well as conclusions of a study. Scientists never claim absolute knowledge. Unlike a mathematical proof, a proven scientific theory is ''always'' open to [[falsifiability|falsification]], if new evidence is presented. Even the most basic and fundamental theories may turn out to be imperfect if new observations are inconsistent with them. Critical to this process is making every relevant aspect of research publicly available, which permits peer review of published results, and also allows ongoing review and repeating of experiments and observations by multiple researchers operating independently of one another. Only by fulfilling these expectations can it be determined how reliable the experimental results are for potential use by others. Isaac Newton's Newtonian [[mechanics|law of gravitation]] is a famous example of an established law that was later found not to be universal - it does not hold in experiments involving motion at speeds close to the speed of light or in close proximity of strong gravitational fields. Outside these conditions, Newton's Laws remain an excellent model of motion and gravity. Since general relativity accounts for all the same phenomena that Newton's Laws do and more, general relativity is now regarded as a better theory. == Philosophy of science== {{main|Philosophy of science}} The philosophy of science seeks to understand the nature and justification of scientific knowledge, and its ethical implications. It has proven difficult to provide a definitive [[Scientific method#Philosophical issues|account of the scientific method]] that can decisively serve to distinguish science from non-science. Thus there are legitimate arguments about exactly where the borders are. There is nonetheless a set of core precepts that have broad consensus among published philosophers of science and within the [[scientific community]] at large. (see: [[Problem of demarcation#Demarcation in contemporary scientific method|Problem of demarcation]]) Science is reasoned-based analysis of [[sensation]] upon our awareness. As such, the scientific method cannot deduce anything about the realm of [[reality]] that is beyond what is observable by existing or theoretical means. When a manifestation of our reality previously considered [[supernatural]] is understood in the terms of causes and consequences, it acquires a scientific explanation. Resting on reason and logic, along with other guidelines such as [[Ockham's Razor]], which states a principle of [[parsimony]], scientific theories are formulated and the most promising theory is selected after analysing the collected evidence. Some of the findings of science can be very [[counter-intuitive]]. [[Atomic theory]], for example, implies that a granite boulder which appears a heavy, hard, solid, grey object is actually a combination of subatomic [[Particle physics|particles]] with none of these properties, moving very rapidly in space where the mass is concentrated in a very small fraction of the total volume. Many of humanity's [[folk physics|preconceived notions]] about the workings of the [[universe]] have been challenged by new scientific discoveries. [[Quantum mechanics]], particularly, examines phenomena that seem to defy our most basic postulates about causality and fundamental understanding of the world around us. == Mathematics and the scientific method == [[Mathematics]] is essential to many sciences. The most important function of mathematics in science is the role it plays in the expression of scientific ''models''. Observing and collecting measurements, as well as hypothesizing and predicting, often require mathematical models and extensive use of mathematics. Mathematical branches most often used in science include [[calculus]] and [[statistics]], although virtually every branch of mathematics has applications, even "pure" areas such as [[number theory]] and [[topology]]. Mathematics is most prevalent in [[physics]], but less so in chemistry, biology, and some social sciences. Some thinkers see mathematicians as scientists, regarding physical experiments as inessential or mathematical proofs as equivalent to experiments. Others do not see mathematics as a science, since it does not require experimental test of its theories and hypotheses, although some theorems can be disproved by contradiction through finding exceptions. (More specifically, mathematical [[theorem]]s and [[formula]]s are obtained by [[Mathematical logic|logic]]al derivations which presume [[axiom]]atic systems, rather than a combination of [[empirical]] observation and method of reasoning that has come to be known as [[scientific method]].) In either case, the fact that mathematics is such a useful tool in describing the universe is a central issue in the [[philosophy of mathematics]]. {{further|[[Eugene Wigner]], [[The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Natural Sciences]]}} [[Richard Feynman]] said "Mathematics is not real, but it ''feels'' real. Where is this place?"{{Verify source}}, while [[Bertrand Russell]] quipped, in allusion to the [[abstraction]] inherent in the [[axiomatic method]], that "Mathematics may be defined as the subject in which we never know what we are talking about, nor whether what we are saying is true." Mathematics cannot be considered pure science as everything that is mathematically correct may not be physically or practically correct. It is a tool to study various fields of science and to effectively pursue the scientific method. == Goals of science == [[Image:Glowing tobacco plant.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Science continually seeks to gain increased understanding and, where appropriate, the possibility for control of many specific aspects of the [[nature|physical world]]. Its successes in achieving this goal stem directly from its ability to elucidate the foundational mechanisms which underlie nature's processes. Here, an image of "artificial" [[bioluminescence]] which has been induced in a tobacco plant by the use of [[genetic engineering]].]] The underlying goal or purpose of science to society and individuals is to produce ''useful models of reality''. It has been said that it is virtually impossible to make inferences from human senses which actually describe what “is.” On the other hand, people can form [[hypothesis|hypotheses]] based on ''observations'' that they make in the world. By analyzing a number of related hypotheses, scientists can form general [[theory|theories]]. These theories benefit society or human individuals who make use of them. For example, [[Newtonian physics|Newton's theories of physics]] allow us to predict various physical interactions, from the collision of one moving billiard ball with another, to trajectories of space shuttles and satellites. [[Relativity]] can be used to calculate the effects of our sun's gravity on a mass light-years away. The social sciences allow us to predict (with limited accuracy for now) things like economic turbulence and also to better understand human behavior and to produce useful models of society and to work more empirically with government policies. [[Chemistry]] and [[biology]] together have transformed our ability to use and predict chemical and biological reactions and scenarios. In modern times though, these segregated scientific disciplines (notably the latter two) are more often being used together in conjunction to produce more complete models and tools. One goal of science is to explain and utilize multiple known phenomena with one theory or set of theories. Despite popular impressions of science, it is not the goal of science to answer all questions. The goal of the sciences is to answer only those that pertain to perceived reality. Also, science cannot possibly address nonsensical, or untestable questions, so the choice of which questions to answer becomes important. Science does not and can not produce absolute and unquestionable [[truth]]. Rather, science tests some aspect of the world and provides a reasonable theory to explain it. Science is not a source of subjective value judgements, though it can certainly speak to matters of [[ethics]] and public policy by pointing to the likely consequences of actions. What one projects from the currently most reasonable scientific hypothesis onto other realms of interest is not a scientific issue, and the [[scientific method]] offers no assistance for those who wish to do so. Scientific justification (or refutation) for many things is, nevertheless, often claimed. Of course, value judgements are intrinsic to science itself. For example, scientists value relative truth and knowledge. In short, science produces ''useful models'' which allow us to make often useful ''predictions''. Science attempts to ''describe'' what is, but avoids trying to ''determine'' what is (which is for practical reasons impossible). Science is a ''useful tool''. . . it is a growing body of understanding that allows us to contend more effectively with our surroundings and to better adapt and evolve as a social whole as well as independently. For a large part of recorded history, science had little bearing on people's everyday lives. Scientific knowledge was gathered for its own sake, and it had few practical applications. However, with the dawn of the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century, this rapidly changed. Today, science has a profound effect on the way we live, largely through technology—the use of scientific knowledge for practical purposes. Some forms of technology have become so well established that it is easy to forget the great scientific achievements that they represent. The refrigerator, for example, owes its existence to a discovery that liquids take in energy when they evaporate, a phenomenon known as latent heat. The principle of latent heat was first exploited in a practical way in 1876, and the refrigerator has played a major role in maintaining public health ever since (see [[Refrigeration]]). The first automobile, dating from the 1880s, made use of many advances in physics and engineering, including reliable ways of generating high-voltage sparks, while the first computers emerged in the 1940s from simultaneous advances in electronics and mathematics. Other fields of science also play an important role in the things we use or consume every day. Research in food technology has created new ways of preserving and flavoring what we eat (see [[Food processing]]). Research in industrial chemistry has created a vast range of plastics and other synthetic materials, which have thousands of uses in the home and in industry. Synthetic materials are easily formed into complex shapes and can be used to make machine, electrical, and automotive parts, scientific and industrial instruments, decorative objects, containers, and many other items. Alongside these achievements, science has also brought about technology that helps save human life. The kidney dialysis machine enables many people to survive kidney diseases that would once have proved fatal, and artificial valves allow sufferers of coronary heart disease to return to active living. Biochemical research is responsible for the antibiotics and vaccinations that protect us from infectious diseases, and for a wide range of other drugs used to combat specific health problems. As a result, the majority of people on the planet now live longer and healthier lives than ever before. However, scientific discoveries can also have a negative impact in human affairs. Over the last hundred years, some of the technological advances that make life easier or more enjoyable have proved to have unwanted and often unexpected long-term effects. Industrial and agricultural chemicals pollute the global environment, even in places as remote as Antarctica, and city air is contaminated by toxic gases from vehicle exhausts (see [[Pollution]]). The increasing pace of innovation means that products become rapidly obsolete, adding to a rising tide of waste (see [[Solid Waste Disposal]]). Most significantly of all, the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas releases into the atmosphere carbon dioxide and other substances known as greenhouse gases. These gases have altered the composition of the entire atmosphere, producing global warming and the prospect of major climate change in years to come. Science has also been used to develop technology that raises complex ethical questions. This is particularly true in the fields of biology and medicine (see [[Medical Ethics]]). Research involving genetic engineering, cloning, and in vitro fertilization gives scientists the unprecedented power to bring about new life, or to devise new forms of living things. At the other extreme, science can also generate technology that is deliberately designed to harm or to kill. The fruits of this research include chemical and biological warfare, and also nuclear weapons, by far the most destructive weapons that the world has ever known. == Where science is practiced == For a large part of recorded history, science had little bearing on people's everyday lives. Scientific knowledge was gathered for its own sake, and it had few practical applications. However, with the dawn of the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century, this rapidly changed. Today, science has a profound effect on the way we live, largely through technology—the use of scientific knowledge for practical purposes. Thus science is practiced formally, in [[university|universities]] and other scientific institutes and it has become a solid vocation in [[academia]]. However, informally many more people who are not associated with any university or research institute practice science in their daily life. As people involved in the field of science education often argue that the process of science is performed by all individuals as they learn about their world. For example, science is often practiced by [[amateur]]s, who typically engage in the [[observation]]al part of science. Workers in corporate [[laboratory|research laboratories]] also practice science, although their results are often deemed [[trade secret]]s and not published in public journals. Corporate and university scientists often cooperate, with the university scientists focusing on basic research and the corporate scientists applying their findings to a specific [[technology]] of interest to the company. Although generally this method of co-operation has benefited both the advancement of science and the corporations, it has also in some cases lead to ethical problems, when the results arrived at in the course of research have had a negative aspect for the financing corporation. A classical example is the history of health research related to [[Tobacco smoking|smoking]]. Science is also practiced in many other places to achieve specific goals. For example: * Quality control in [[manufacturing]] facilities (for example, a microbiologist in a cheese factory ensures that cultures contain the proper species of bacteria) * Obtaining and processing [[crime scene]] evidence ([[forensics]]) * Monitoring compliance with [[environmental law]]s * Performing [[medical test]]s to help physicians evaluate the health of their patients * Investigating the causes of a [[disaster]] (such as a bridge collapse or airline crash) == Science and social concerns== A basic understanding of science and [[technology]] has become indispensable for anyone living in a developed country, whether in an urban or rural area, because technology &ndash; a product of science &ndash; has become an important part of peoples' lives. [[Science education]] aims at increasing common knowledge about science and widening social awareness. The process of learning science begins early in life for many people; school students start learning about science as soon as they acquire basic language skills, and science is always an essential part of [[curriculum]]. Science education is also a very vibrant field of study and research. Learning science requires learning its language, which often differs from colloquial language. For example, the terminology of the physical sciences is rich in mathematical jargon, and that of biological studies is rich in [[Latin]] names. The language used to communicate science is rich in words pertaining to [[concepts]], [[phenomena]], and [[process (science)|process]]es, which are initially alien to children. Due to the growing economic value of technology and industrial research, the economy of any modern country depends on its state of science and technology. The governments of most developed and developing countries therefore dedicate a significant portion of their annual budget to scientific and technological research. Many countries have an official [[science policy]], and many undertake large-scale scientific projects&mdash;so-called "[[big science]]". The practice of science by scientists has undergone remarkable changes in the past few centuries. Most scientific research is currently funded by government or corporate bodies. These relatively recent economic factors appear to increase the incentive for some to engage in fraud in reporting the results of scientific research [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1345552.cms],[http://www.aaronsw.com/weblog/001616] often termed [[scientific misconduct]]. Occasional instances of verified scientific misconduct, however, are by no means solely modern occurrences. ''(see also: [[Junk science]])'' == Scientific literature == {{main|Scientific literature}} Science has become so pervasive in modern societies that it is generally considered necessary to communicate the achievements, news, and dreams of scientists to a wider populace. This need is fulfilled by an enormous range of [[scientific literature]]. While [[scientific journal]]s communicate and document the results of research carried out in universities and various other institutions, [[science magazine]]s cater to the needs of a wider readership. Additionally, [[science book]]s and magazines on [[science fiction]] ignite the interest of many more people. A significant fraction of literature in science is also available on the [[World Wide Web]]; most reputable journals and newsmagazines maintain their own [[website]]s. A growing number of people are being attracted towards the vocation of [[popular science|science popularization]] and [[science journalism]]. == Fields of science == {{main|Fields of science}} <!-- The organizational tables have been moved to the main article "Fields of science" --> Science is broadly sub-divided into the categories of [[natural science]]s and the [[social science]]s. There are also related disciplines that are grouped into interdisciplinary and applied sciences, such as [[engineering]] and [[health science]]. Within these categories are specialized scientific fields that can include elements of other scientific disciplines but often possess their own terminology and body of expertise. Examples of diverse scientific specialities include [[Linguistics]], [[archaeology]], [[forensic psychology]], [[materials science]], [[microbiology]], [[nuclear physics]] and [[paleontology]]. ==Scientific institutions== {{sect-stub}} [[Learned society|Learned societies]] for the communication and promotion of scientific thought and experimentation have existed since the [[Renaissance]] period. The oldest surviving institution is the ''[[Accademia dei Lincei]]'' in [[Italy]]. National [[Academy of Sciences]] are distinguished institutions that exist in a number of countries, beginning with the British ''[[Royal Society]]'' in 1660 and the French ''[[Académie des Sciences]]'' in 1666. International scientific organizations, such as the ''[[International Council for Science]]'', have since been formed to promote co-operation between the scientific communities of different nations. More recently, influential government agencies have been created to support scientific research, including the ''[[National Science Foundation]]'' in the [[United States|U.S.]] Other prominent organizations include: France: [[Centre national de la recherche scientifique]] Germany: [[Max Planck Society]], [[Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft]] == See also == * For an understanding of how these fields came to be: [[History of science]]. * See also [[scientist]]s for catalogs of people active in each of these fields. {| style="background-color: transparent; width: {{{width|100%}}}" <p></p> | width="{{{width|}}}" align="{{{align|left}}}" valign="{{{valign|top}}}" | * [[Engineering]] (science applied) * [[Exact sciences]] * [[Fields of science]] * [[Knowledge]] (goal of science) * [[List of publications in science]] * [[Mathematics]] (complements science, and is its main tool) * [[Military funding of science]] * [[Perfection]] * [[The Gay Science]] -- a book written by [[Nietzsche]], about how, among other things, science can be construed in a rather [[gay]] [[enlightenment|light]]. <p></p> | width="{{{width|}}}" align="{{{align|left}}}" valign="{{{valign|top}}}" | * [[Philosophy]] (foundation of inquiry) ** [[Philosophy of science]] (foundation of science) * [[Scientific computing]] * [[Scientific enterprise]] * [[Scientific materialism]] * [[Technology]] (result of science) <p></p> |} {| class="wikitable" !Controversy | * [[Controversial science]] * [[Fringe science]] * [[Junk science]] * [[List of scientific howlers in literature]] * [[Pathological science]] * [[Pseudoscience]] * [[Relationship between religion and science]] * [[Scientific misconduct]] * [[Scientific skepticism]] (cf. [[Pseudoskepticism]]) |- !History | * [[History of science and technology]] * [[Historiography of science]] * [[Protoscience]] * [[Scientific constants named after people]] * [[Scientific laws named after people]] * [[Scientific phenomena named after people]] * [[Scientific revolution]] * [[Scientific units named after people]] |- !Philosophy | * [[Philosophy of science]] * [[Rhetoric of science]] * [[Scientific method]] |} == External articles and references== {{sisterlinks|Science}} === Textbooks === * "''[http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/General_Science GSCE science textbook]''". [[Wikibooks]].org * [[National Center for Biotechnology Information]] [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?CMD=search&DB=books Bookshelf] * [http://www.techbooksforfree.com/science.shtml Science & Engineering books for free download] === News and articles === ;News * [http://www.hypography.com Hypography - Science for everyone] * [http://www.thesciencesite.info The Science Site] a New Zealand-based zine with realtime news feeds (very popular site, with the world's first Squidcam). * [http://www.rinf.com/tech/ Strange Science and Technology News] (Alternative and under-reported video and audio streams with an analysis-ready news network with Online Analytical Processing and embedded Extract, Transform, and Load Data Mining capabilities.) * [http://science-advisor.net Science-advisor, Online Review of Scientific Articles] (Writings of short comments on scientific articles, reviews and letters with a scientific literature search engine.) * [http://www.yoga6d.com/ps.txt Popperian Science] Henning von Weber * [http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn7915 Most scientific papers are probably wrong] - Kurt Kleiner - [[New Scientist]] - August 2005 * [http://www.eviltutor.com How NOT to produce Scientific Graphs and Figures] - For Science students - Markus Weichselbaum, July 1997 === Resources === * [http://www.vega.org.uk/ The Vega Science Trust] Hours of science freevideo including scientific lectures (Feynman, Kroto, Davis etc.), discussions (nanotechnology, GM, stem cells etc.), careers programmes, interviews with Nobel Laureates and school resources. * [http://www.retrovirology.com/content/3/1/55 Beyond Open Access: Open Discourse, the next great equalizer], ''Retrovirology'' 2006, 3:55 * "[http://www.cemag.us Controlled Environments Magazine]" : information on contamination control in cleanrooms and other controlled environments in Life Sciences and Microelectronics. * "''[http://www.newscientist.com Current Events]''". [[New Scientist]] Magazine, Reed Business Information Ltd. * "[http://www.intute.ac.uk/sciences/ Intute: Science, Engineering and Technology]": A free online service providing with access to the very best Web resources for education and research, evaluated and selected by a network of subject specialists. * "[http://www.labmgr.com Lab Manager Magazine]" : source for information on management, technology, and equipment issues common to lab professionals in all sectors. * "''[http://www.newton.dep.anl.gov/ NEWTON BBS Ask A Scientist]''". The purpose is to provide a means to have questions answered that are not going to be easily found on the web or within common references. * "[http://www.sciencechatforum.com Science Chat Forum]" : A discussion forum for scientists and amateurs. * "''[http://www.science.gov United States Science Initiative]''". Authoritative selected science information provided by U.S. Government agencies, including research and development results. ===Further reading=== * "''[http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/cgi-local/DHI/dhi.cgi?id=dv1-57 Classification of the Sciences]''". Dictionary of the History of Ideas. * Mendoza, Martha, "''[http://www.spinwatch.org/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1265 Allegations of Fake Scientific Research Hit New High]; U.S. Fielded Record 274 Scientific Misconduct Complaints Last Year, 50 Percent More Than in 2003''". [[ABC News]] (Associated Press), July 10, 2005. (source: spinwatch.org) * Cole, K. C., "''Things your teacher never told you about science (Nine shocking revelations!); Maybe you think that science is devoted to gathering and cataloging facts, and that scientists are a dull, dreary lot who don't know how to have fun. Maybe you should think again.''". [[Newsday]], [[Long Island, New York]], March 23, 1986, pg 21+ * Bauer, Henry H., "''[http://www.csu.edu.au/learning/eis/hbauer-intro.html Ethics in Science]''". Chemistry Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA. *John Krige and Dominique Pestre, eds., ''Science in the Twentieth Century'', Routledge 2003, ISBN 0-415-28606-9 * [http://lipas.uwasa.fi/~ts/popsci.html A Book List of Popularized Natural and Behavioral Sciences] ===Fun Science=== * [http://www.rmcybernetics.com/ Science Experiments and DIY Projects] * [http://www.bayerus.com/MSMS/fun/index.html Science Fun for Kids] * [http://www.sciencemadesimple.com/ ScienceMadeSimple Resources] * "[http://www.scientificameriken.com Scientific AmeriKen]" : Delving into all the sciences for the purpose of gathering statistics and knowledge for the benefit of mankind. * [http://www.tryengineering.org] /http://www.tryengineering.org Features "Ask an Engineer", engineering games, college searches, and other resources for students, parents and teachers * [http://www.twis.org This Week in Science] Radio show that gives a hip and irreverent take on current science news. ===Notes=== <references/> [[Category:School subjects]] [[Category:Science| ]] [[ar:علم]] [[an:Zenzia]] [[ast:Ciencia]] [[bn:বিজ্ঞান]] [[zh-min-nan:Kho-ha̍k]] [[be:Навука]] [[bs:Nauka]] [[br:Siañs]] [[bg:Наука]] [[ca:Ciència]] [[cv:Ăслăлăх]] [[cs:Věda]] [[da:Videnskab]] [[de:Wissenschaft]] [[et:Teadus]] [[el:Επιστήμη]] [[es:Ciencia]] [[eo:Scienco]] [[eu:Zientzia]] [[fa:علم]] [[fr:Science]] [[gd:Saidheans]] [[gl:Ciencia]] [[gu:વિજ્ઞાન]] [[ko:과학]] [[hr:Znanost]] [[io:Cienco]] [[id:Ilmu]] [[ia:Scientia]] [[is:Vísindi]] [[it:Scienza]] [[he:מדע]] [[kn:ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ]] [[ka:მეცნიერება]] [[csb:Ùczba]] [[kw:Godhonieth]] [[sw:Sayansi]] [[kg:Kizabu]] [[ht:Syans]] [[ku:Zanist]] [[la:Scientia]] [[lt:Mokslas]] [[li:Weitesjap]] [[hu:Tudomány]] [[mk:Наука]] [[ms:Sains]] [[nah:Tlatilizmatiliztli]] [[nl:Wetenschap]] [[ja:科学]] [[no:Vitenskap]] [[nn:Vitskap]] [[ug:تەبىئىي پەنلەر]] [[nds:Wetenschop]] [[pl:Nauka]] [[pt:Ciência]] [[ro:Ştiinţă]] [[ru:Наука]] [[scn:scienza]] [[simple:Science]] [[sk:Veda]] [[sl:Znanost]] [[sr:Наука]] [[sh:Nauka]] [[su:Élmu]] [[fi:Tiede]] [[sv:Vetenskap]] [[tl:Agham]] [[ta:அறிவியல்]] [[th:วิทยาศาสตร์]] [[vi:Khoa học]] [[tr:Bilim]] [[uk:Наука]] [[wa:Syince]] [[wo:Xam-xam]] [[yi:וויסנשאפט]] [[zh:科学]] 57 163 2006-10-12T00:25:32Z Koavf 11 [[:en:User:Koavf|!!!!!]]