Arapan ya Bolong

Wikipedia http://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arapan_ya_Bolong MediaWiki 1.9alpha first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk Image Image talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk Arapan ya Bolong 1 1287 2006-10-18T06:51:30Z 130.54.12.243  <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 style="background:none"> <tr><td width="45%" style="padding-right:10px"> {| width=100% cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid #B3B3FF; background-color:#ffffff; height:267px" | <div style="font-size:20px;text-align:center; padding:10px">'''Maabig ya Agew ed Sikayon Amin'''</div> |-- |<div style="text-align:justify; padding:10px;">Say [[Wikipedia]]: '''web ya international''' tan '''lukas so loob to ed para amin'''. Sakey ya [[wiki]], sakey ya website ya na-edit ya anggano siopan undalaw. Say tua labat, say '''Wikipedia''', pinantekep ya salitan nanlapod ''wiki'' tan ''encyclopedia''. ******** Akasulat ed [[Salitan Pangasinan]] so ayan Wikipedia. Karaklan ya makapansalita na [[Pangasinan]], naanap ed [[Luyag na Pangasinan]]. Siempre ondakel labat so akasulat dia, no dakel tayo ran [[Pangasinan]] ya man-contribute. No ag yo ni labay so man-contribute, loob kila bat! *Bilang na Aritikulo Walay [[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] ya artikulon akasulat ed Wikipedia natan. *Agew Natan {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTDAY}}, [[{{CURRENTYEAR}}]] </div> |} {| width=100% cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" style="padding:1px; background-color:#F0FFCF; border:1px solid #B3B3FF; border-top: 0px; height:36px" |<center> <div style="margin: 0; background-color:#E1F1FF; font-family: sans-serif; font-size:91%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #C4C40F; text-align:center; color:#030; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.2em; padding-bottom: 0.2em;"> Pinablin atateng, agagi, san kaluyagan, loob kayo!</div> |} </td>   <td style="vertical-align:top; align: right" width="45%"> {| width=100% cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" style="padding:1px; background-color:#DEECEF; border:1px solid #42808C; border-bottom: 0; height:36px" |<div style="margin: 0; background-color:#C4FFE4; font-family: sans-serif; font-size:91%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #7BB4BF; text-align:center; color:#386872; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.2em; padding-bottom: 0.2em;">Aka-Feature Natan</div> |} {| width="100%" cellspacing=0 cellpadding="10" style=" border:1px solid #42808C; background-color:#ffffff; height:267px" | * [[Listaan na Antikeg ya Estoria ed Pangasinan]] * [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | Listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed Pangasinan]] * [[Listaan na Salitan English|Dictionari na English-Pangasinan]] * [[Cancion ed Pangasinan]] * [[Anlong ed Pangasinan|Saray Anlong (Poems) ed Pangasinan]] * [[Baley san Siyudad ed Luyag na Pangasinan]] * [[Salitan Pangasinan]] * [[Totoon Pangasinan]] * [[Filipinas]] * [[Dasal ed Pangasinan]] * [[Rito]] ==Pangibalikasan== [[Wikibalikasan|Wikibalikasan (Pangasinan Wiktionary)]] * Salita ed sayan agew: [[Wikibalikasan/ilalo|ilalo]] |} </td> </tr> </table>   <td style="vertical-align:top; align: right" width="45%"> {| width=100% cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" style="padding:1px; background-color:#ffDfEf; border:1px solid #42808C; border-bottom: 0; height:36px" |<div style="margin: 0; background-color:#EfffDf; font-family: sans-serif; font-size:130%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #7BB4BF; text-align:center; color:#0300A0; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.2em; padding-bottom: 0.2em;">Nakakaukulan ka na Wikipedian Pangasinan!</div> |} {| width="100%" cellspacing=0 cellpadding="10" style=" border:1px solid #42808C; background-color:#ffffff; height:0px" | '''Sarag mon naitulong ed Wikipedia''' * Mansulat na balon artikulo. Basa yo yan artikulo umpian naaralan yoy mansulat na balon artikulo. [[m:Help:Starting a new page]] * Man-edit na asulat lan artikulo. Basa yo yan artikulo umpian naaralan yoy man-edit na asulat lan artikulo. [[m:Help:Editing]] * Basaen so kumpleton [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]]. Mansulat na artikulon anggapo ni ed [[Pangasinan]]. '''Ulupan tayo ed Wikipedia''' * Diad [[Wikipedia:kaleskesan|kaleskesan]] tayo pantongtongan so amin ya bagay nipakar ed Wikipedian Pangasinan. * Diad [[Wikipedia:pankabatan|pankabatan]] tayo mikabat ed ulupan tayo diad Wikipedia. |} </td> </tr> </table>   {| width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style=" background-color:#FFFFE8; border:1px solid #DDDD00; border-bottom: 0px;" | |<div style="margin: 0; background-color:#FFFFCE; font-family: sans-serif; font-size:100%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #ECEC00; text-align:center; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.2em; padding-bottom: 0.2em; color: #8C8C00;">Kategori ed Wikipedian Pangasinan</div> |} {| width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#FFFFFF; border:1px solid #DDDD00;" | [[Image:Nuvola_apps_bug.png|50px]] | width="45%" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;" | '''[[Bayoloji]]''' [[Nipaakar ed Parte na Laman]] • [[Nipaakar ed Antropoji|Nipaakar ed Antropoloji]] • [[Nipaakar ed Talaman]] | [[Image:Nuvola_apps_kdmconfig.png|50px]] | style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;" | '''[[Totoo san Ulupan]]''' [[Kabat ran Totoo]] • [[Grupon Ethnic]] • [[Ulupan]] '''</big> |- | [[ Image:Christian cross.svg|35px]] | style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small; " | '''[[Pananisia]]''' [[Biblia]] • [[Dasal]] • [[Rito]] • [[Kankanta]] • [[Bilay na Saray Santo]] • [[Arom ran Reliyon]] | width="10%" | [[Image:Nuvola_apps_browser.png|50px]] | width="90%" style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;" | '''[[Geography]]''' [[Asia]] • [[Amerika]] • [[Europe]] • [[Australya]]• [[Afrika]] |- | [[Image:Nuvola_apps_colors.png|50px]] | style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;" | '''[[Panaon san Klima]]''' [[ekoloji]] • [[klima]] | [[Image:P literature.png|50px]] | style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small" | '''[[Kultura tan Aral]]''' [[Eskwelaan]] • [[Librari]] • [[Sayaw]] |- | [[Image:Nuvola_apps_kchart.png|50px]] | style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;" | '''[[Negosyo]]''' [[Agro-Industrial]] • [[Trading]] • [[Banko san Finance]] | [[Image:Nuvola apps ktip.png|50px]] | style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;" | '''[[Philosofi]]''' [[Ideoloji]] |- | [[Image:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.png|50px]] | style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;" | '''[[Phisiks]]''' | [[Image:p ps.png|50px]] | style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;" | '''[[Klase na Gobyerno]]''' [[Republik]] • [[Kaarian]] • [[Federalist]] |- | [[Image:Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png|50px]] | style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;" | '''[[Art]]''' [[Painting]] • [[Sculpture]]• [[Arkitekture]] | [[Image:Nuvola_apps_edu_science.png|50px]] | style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;" | '''[[Chemistry]]''' |- | [[Image:Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics.png|50px]] | style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;" | '''[[Matematiks]]''' | [[Image:Nuvola_apps_knewsticker.png|50px]] | style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;" | '''[[Media]]''' [[Internet]] • [[Diaryo]] • [[Telebisyon]] • [[Radio]] • [[Magasin]] |- | [[Image:Nuvola apps kworldclock.png|50px]] | style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;" | '''[[Season]]''' [[Season na Petang]] • [[Season na Uran]] | [[Image:Nuvola_apps_juk.png|50px]] | style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;" | '''[[Musik]]''' [[Cancion ed Pangasinan]] • [[Pop]] • [[Kankanta|Cancion na Simbaan]] • [[Jazz]] |- | [[Image:Nuvola_apps_kmines.png|50px]] | style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;" | '''[[Sports]]''' [[Basketball]]• [[Bisikleta]]• [[Boxing]]• [[Futball]] | [[Image:Nuvola_apps_edu_languages.png|50px]] | style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;" | '''[[Salita]]''' [[Grammar]] • [[Diktionario]] • [[Listaan na Lingguahi]] |}   {| width=100% cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" style="padding:1px; background-color:#FFF3DD; border:1px solid #FFC253; border-bottom: 0;" |<div style="margin: 0; background-color:#FFEAC1; font-family: sans-serif; font-size:100%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #FFCF77; text-align:center; color:#C17D05; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.2em; padding-bottom: 0.2em;">Salita ya Uusarin ed Wikipedia</div> |} {| width="100%" cellspacing=0 cellpadding="10" style="margin:0; height:100%px; border:1px solid #FFC253; background-color:#ffffff;" |{{SalitadWikipedia}} |}   {| width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style=" background-color:#FFFFE8; border:1px solid #DDDD00; border-bottom: 0px;" | |<div style="margin: 0; background-color:#FFFFCE; font-family: sans-serif; font-size:100%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #ECEC00; text-align:center; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.2em; padding-bottom: 0.2em; color: #8C8C00;">Arom ran Proyekton Agi na Wikipedia</div> |} {| width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background:#FFFFFF; border:1px solid #DDDD00;" {| width="100%" cellspacing=0 cellpadding="10" style="margin:0; height:100%px; border:1px solid #FFC253; background-color:#ffffff;" |{{Agin Proyekto}} |}  [[aa:]] [[af:]] [[als:]] [[ar:]] [[de:]] [[en:]] [[as:]] [[ast:]] [[ay:]] [[az:]] [[be:]] [[bg:]] [[bn:]] [[bo:]] [[bs:]] [[cbk-zam:]] [[cs:]] [[co:]] [[cs:]] [[cy:]] [[da:]] [[el:]] [[en:]] [[eo:]] [[es:]] [[et:]] [[eu:]] [[fa:]] [[fi:]] [[fr:]] [[fy:]] [[ga:]] [[gl:]] [[gn:]] [[gu:]] [[he:]] [[hi:]] [[hr:]] [[hy:]] [[io:]] [[ia:]] [[id:]] [[is:]] [[it:]] [[ja:]] [[ka:]] [[kk:]] [[km:]] [[kn:]] [[ko:]] [[ks:]] [[ku:]] [[ky:]] [[la:]] [[ln:]] [[lo:]] [[lt:]] [[lv:]] [[hu:]] [[mi:]] [[mk:]] [[ml:]] [[mn:]] [[mr:]] [[ms:]] [[mt:]] [[my:]] [[na:]] [[nah:]] [[nds:]] [[ne:]] [[nl:]] [[no:]] [[oc:]] [[om:]] [[pa:]] [[pam:]] [[pl:]] [[ps:]] [[pt:]] [[qu:]] [[ro:]] [[ru:]] [[sa:]] [[si:]] [[sk:]] [[sl:]] [[sq:]] [[sr:]] [[sv:]] [[sw:]] [[ta:]] [[te:]] [[tg:]] [[th:]] [[tk:]] [[tl:]] [[tr:]] [[tt:]] [[ug:]] [[uk:]] [[ur:]] [[uz:]] [[vi:]] [[vo:]] [[xh:]] [[yo:]] [[za:]] [[zh:]] [[zu:]] Afrika 5 475 2006-10-02T13:14:20Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Afrika]] moved to [[Afrika]] * Algeria * Benin * Eritrea * Ethiopia * Kenya * Libya * Morocco * Tanzania * Uganda * Zambia * Zimbabwe Agro-Industrial 6 477 2006-10-02T13:14:20Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Agro-Industrial]] moved to [[Agro-Industrial]] Poultry Piggery Prawn Hatchery Bangus Industry Albrecht Dürer 7 1026 2006-10-10T21:46:40Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:Albrecht-self.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Self-Portrait'', 1493, Oil on Canvas]] Sakey ya [[German]] painter, wood carver, engraver san [[Mathematician]] si Albrecht Dürer (Mayo 21, 1471 – Abril 6, 1528). Sankakabatan si Dürer ed woodcuts ton aka-serye - sakey diya so Apocalpse (1498) san Great Passion (1498-1510) [[listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] [[en:Albrecht Dürer|Albrecht Dürer]] Amerika 8 777 2006-10-04T00:13:57Z Arikasikis 11 [[United States]] [[Canada]] [[Mexico]] [[Argentina]] [[Brazil]] [[Nicaragua]] [[Columbia]] [[Bolivia]] [[Venezuela]] [[Cuba]] [[Paraguay]] [[Uruguay]] [[Chile]] [[Equador]] Arkitekture 9 483 2006-10-02T13:14:20Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Arkitekture]] moved to [[Arkitekture]] Say arkitekture: sakey ya art san science ya panagdesign na building san arom ran structure. Arom ran Reliyon 10 778 2006-10-04T00:17:15Z Arikasikis 11 [[Buddhismo]] [[Hindu]] [[Islam]] [[Judaismo]] [[Iglesia nen Kristo]] [[Tasi nen Jehovah]] [[Mormon]] Art 11 487 2006-10-02T13:14:21Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Art]] moved to [[Art]] [[Painting]] [[Sculpture]] [[Architecture]] Asia 12 763 2006-10-03T23:43:36Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:Asia satellite orthographic.jpg|right|400px|]] Arayan untumbok ya bansa, naanap ed '''Asia'''. * [[Afghanistan]] * [[Burma]] * [[Cambodia]] * [[China]] * [[East Timor]] * [[Hapon]] * [[India]] * [[Indonesia]] * [[Korea, South]] * [[Korea, North]] * [[Laos]] * [[Malaysia]] * [[Mongolia]] * [[Nepal]] * [[Filipinas]] * [[Sri Lanka]] * [[Thailand]] * [[Vietnam]] [[en:Asia]] [[af:Asië]] [[ar:آسيا]] [[an:Asia]] [[frp:Asia]] [[ast:Asia]] [[az:Asiya]] [[bn:এশিয়া]] [[zh-min-nan:A-chiu]] [[bs:Azija]] [[br:Azia]] [[bg:Азия]] [[ca:Àsia]] [[ceb:Asya]] [[cs:Asie]] [[cy:Asia]] [[da:Asien]] [[de:Asien]] [[et:Aasia]] [[el:Ασία]] [[es:Asia]] [[eo:Azio]] [[eu:Asia]] [[fa:آسیا]] [[fo:Asia]] [[fr:Asie]] [[fy:Aazje]] [[ga:An Áise]] [[gl:Asia]] [[gu:એશિયા]] [[ko:아시아]] [[hi:एशिया]] [[hr:Azija]] [[io:Azia]] [[id:Asia]] [[ia:Asia]] [[os:Ази]] [[is:Asía]] [[it:Asia]] [[he:אסיה]] [[kn:ಏಶ್ಯಾ]] [[ka:აზია (ქვეყნის ნაწილი)]] [[csb:Azëjô]] [[kw:Asi]] [[sw:Asia]] [[ht:Azi]] [[ku:Asya]] [[la:Asia]] [[lv:Āzija]] [[lb:Asien]] [[lt:Azija]] [[li:Azië]] [[jbo:zdotu'a]] [[hu:Ázsia]] [[mk:Азија]] [[mg:Azia]] [[ml:ഏഷ്യ]] [[mt:Asja]] [[ms:Asia]] [[mo:Асия]] [[my:အာရ္ဟတိုက္‌]] [[nl:Azië]] [[ja:アジア]] [[no:Asia]] [[nn:Asia]] [[nrm:Âsie]] [[oc:Asia]] [[ug:ئاسىيا]] [[nds:Asien]] [[pl:Azja]] [[pt:Ásia]] [[ro:Asia]] [[ru:Азия]] [[war:Asya]] [[se:Ásia]] [[sa:एशिया]] [[si:ආසියාව]] [[simple:Asia]] [[sk:Ázia]] [[sl:Azija]] [[sr:Азија]] [[sh:Azija]] [[su:Asia]] [[fi:Aasia]] [[sv:Asien]] [[tl:Asya]] [[ta:ஆசியா]] [[th:ทวีปเอเชีย]] [[vi:Châu Á]] [[tpi:Asia]] [[chr:ᎠᏏᎠ]] [[tr:Asya]] [[tk:Aziýa]] [[uk:Азія]] [[yi:אזיע]] [[zh-yue:亞洲]] [[zh:亚洲]] Australya 13 491 2006-10-02T13:14:21Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Australya]] moved to [[Australya]] Continent ya asinger ed Antartika. Balita/State of the Nation Address nen President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo 14 493 2006-10-02T13:14:21Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Balita/State of the Nation Address nen President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo]] moved to [[Balita/State of the Nation Address nen President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo]] Nansalita so Presidente ed Kongreso nipakar ed Estado na Bansa tayo nen Hulyo. Banko san Finance 15 495 2006-10-02T13:14:21Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Banko san Finance]] moved to [[Banko san Finance]] Say banko san finance: sakey klasen negosyo ya nipakar ed trading (buy and sell) ya financial instruments (instrumenton walay koneksyon tod kwarta). Makakapan-buy and sell na kwarta, kasi sarag ya saliwen so kwarta na mamura (say labay to ya ibaga ya, alepsab so interest) san sarag ya ilako yan kwarta ya mas mable (atagey ya interest). Say gagawen na bangko sinkya unya met lamang. Say bangko imbabayes na kwarta manlapud saray manag-deposito, san ipapabayes to yan parehas ya kwarta ed saray umuutang. Imbabayes usually so bangko diad mas alepsab ya interest san ipapabayes to ya ed mas atagey ya interest. Basketball 16 497 2006-10-02T13:14:21Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Basketball]] moved to [[Basketball]] Say Basketball so sakey ya sankapopularan ed Bansa tayo. Bayoloji 17 499 2006-10-02T13:14:21Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Bayoloji]] moved to [[Bayoloji]] Aral ya nipakar ed bilay. Biblia 18 501 2006-10-02T13:14:21Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Biblia]] moved to [[Biblia]] Daan ya Tipan Balon Tipan Bilay na Saray Santo 19 503 2006-10-02T13:14:21Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Bilay na Saray Santo]] moved to [[Bilay na Saray Santo]] San Juan San Pedro Santa Isabel Santo Tomas Bisikleta 20 505 2006-10-02T13:14:21Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Bisikleta]] moved to [[Bisikleta]] Ayan sport siguro so sankasikatan ya sport para ed saray Pangasinan. Dakel lan Champion diad Tour na Luzon san Tour na Pilipinas, so nalapod Pangasinan ya singa sikara: Garcia, Sicam, Bonzo, Quirimit, Carino, san arom nira. Boxing 21 507 2006-10-02T13:14:21Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Boxing]] moved to [[Boxing]] Amateur Professional Cancion na Simbaan 23 511 2006-10-02T13:14:21Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Cancion na Simbaan]] moved to [[Cancion na Simbaan]] Dakdakel so cancion na simbaan ya akasulat ed salitan Pangasinan. Say sankakabatan la siguro ed saraya so Galiken ya cancion ya iistoriaen toy inkayanak nen Jesus. Chemistry 24 762 2006-10-03T23:43:00Z Arikasikis 11 [[Table na Saray Periodic Element]] [[Asin]] Dagupan City 25 1276 2006-10-18T02:18:57Z Arikasikis 11 {{translation}} {{Infobox Philippine city | infoboxtitle = Dagupan City | locatormapfile = Ph_locator_pangasinan_dagupan.png | caption = Map of [[Pangasinan]] showing the location of Dagupan. | region = [[Sagor na Baybay na Luzon]] (Region I) | province = [[Luyag na Pangasinan]] | districts = 4th district of Pangasinan | barangays = 31 | class = 1st class; partially urban | mayor = Mayor Benjamin "Benjie" Saplan-Lim | cityhood = [[1947]]| areakm2 = 37.20 | pop2000 = 130,328 | popden2000 = 3503 | coordinates = | }} '''Dagupan City''' is a 1st class [[Philippine city|city]] in the [[Philippine province|province]] of [[Pangasinan province|Pangasinan]], [[Philippines]]. According to the [[2000]] census, Dagupan City has a population of 130,328 people in 25,921 households. According to the same survey, Pangasinan is the most populous province in the Philippines. Located on Lingayen Gulf on the island of Luzon, Dagupan is the chief port and commercial and financial center of the province and Northern Luzon; an active trade is conducted in sugarcane, corn, rice, copra, salt, and an alcoholic liquor produced from the nipa palm. The city is known as the [[Bangus]] ([[milkfish]]) capital of the Philippines because of its abundance of fresh bangus. The longest barbecue measured 1,007.56 m (3,305.64 ft) - it was created by the people of Dagupan City on [[May 3]], [[2003]] as part of the city’s ''Bangus Festival''. ==Geography== ==History== ===Pre-Hispanic times=== When the Spaniards arrived in Pangasinan in the 16th century, they found that [[Lingayen Gulf]] was already a prosperous entrepot visited by traders from other Asian countries. The [[Augustinian]] missionary Juan de la Concepcion noted that the communities at [[Lingayen]], [[Bolinao]] and the defunct [[Binalatongan]] exercised authority over other communities (called ''baley'' in the Pangasinan language) in the area. De la Concepcion also mentioned several other towns but did not identify them. ===Spanish colonial period=== The area that is now known as Dagupan was described as marshland thickly covered with mangrove and nipa palm trees. The natives lived along the shoreline and riverbanks of Calmay, Pantal, and Bonuan. But there were also communities in Malaued, Lasip, Pogo, and Bacayao. The natives called the area ''Bacnotan'' which would later be incorporated into the [[encomienda]] of Lingayen that was established in 1583. The foreign traders would come to the Lingayen coast to trade gold that was brought down to the area by tribesmen in the [[Cordillera Mountains]]. Aside from traders, Filipinos also had experience with pirates from Japan and China. One of the Chinese corsairs was [[Lim Feng]] (in Fukienese, Lim A-hong), who would be known in Philippine history as Limahong. Limahong sailed down the Ilocos coast with 62 ships and attacked Manila on Nov. 30, 1574. The Spanish, however, repulsed Limahong's two attacks. The Chinese corsair repaired to Pangasinan to establish a colony at Bacnotan on December 2, 1574. But the Spanish conquistador [[Juan de Salcedo]] laid siege on his fortress for eight months by blocking the river outlets. Limahong puportedly broke through the siege by digging a channel from the Agno River through the Bacnotan marshes to Lingayen Gulf In 1661, a big fire hit Bacnotan during the [[Malong Revolt]], led by [[Andres Malong]] of Binalatongan, against the forced labor and mandatory sale of local goods imposed by the Spanish colonial government. The fire broke out after Malong sent 3,000 supporters, most of whom were [[Zambal]] tribesmen, to [[Ilocos]] and [[Cagayan]] to fight the Spaniards. The people of Bacnotan, many of whom joined the Spanish in repelling the Zambal marauders, rebuilt the town and renamed it ''Nandaragupan'', meaning ''where once stood the commercial center'', indicating its early importance as a trade, commercial and political center in the region. In 1720, Nandaragupan was chartered as a town but its name was simplified to Dagupan. Malong was eventually beheaded in the city's Pantal bridge in 1661 by Spanish authorities. Dagupan was also the birthplace of a ''ladino'' named Caragay who led another uprising in 1719 against the provincial governor (''alcalde mayor'', in Spanish) who had him flogged for what appeared to be a false accusation of smuggling. Governor Antonio del Valle had Caragay arrested in the village of Nantagalan, northeast of San Jacinto and Mangaldan and flogged. Vowing vengeance, Caragay organized a band of men who hounded the governor until they were able to kill him. Historians view Caragay as a "model" of the revolts of [[Palaris]] and [[Diego Silang]]. More than Malong, historians view Caragay as a "model" of the revolts of [[Palaris]] and [[Diego Silang]]. In 1762, Dagupan would be one of the first towns to join the [[Palaris Revolt]] against Spain. In 1780, Pantal, originally named Pantalan (port), became a trading center and docking station for merchant ships. At about the same time, the bangus industry thrived and mangrove swamps were converted into fishponds, starting the land conversions that would later have an impact on flooding and earthquake damage in the province. The opening of the Pantalan dock eased the transportation of goods from Pangasinan to other parts of the country, spurring the cultivation of idle lands in the eastern part and the development of fishponds in the western part of the province. The new dock also eased communications between the colonial government, its soldiers and the missionaries, who were tasked to colonize the natives in the [[Cordillera Mountains]] and the [[Cagayan Valley]] region and exploit its gold deposits. In July 1787, the Spanish began to build a road to connect Pangasinan and the Cagayan Valley, the home of several head-hunting tribesmen who refused to submit to Spanish rule. Although it took several years to complete, the road would play a vital role in the colonization of the Cagayan Valley and the Cordillera Mountains. The Palaris and Silang revolts, which occurred simultaneously with the [[British Invasion of the Philippines]] demonstrated to the Spaniards the importance of ports in Pangasin and Ilocos to the security of the entire island of [[Luzon]]. They thus became centers of Spanish governance and acculturation in the 19th century. When the port of Manila was opened to foreign trade in 1830, tobacco from Pangasinan and Cagayan Valley were shipped to the colonial capital via Dagupan and Lingayen. Foreign trading agents also began to make appearances in the two towns, starting a new era of prosperity, especially for the provincial gentry. The Filipino scholar [[Maximo Kalaw]] found the description of the American writer David Barrows as appropriate: ''The Filipino had now become embarked upon a new current of intellectual experience -- a course of enlightenment which has been so full of unexpected development... Throughout the islands a class was rapidly growing up to which the new industries had brought wealth. Their means enabled them to build spacious and splendid homes of the fine hardwoods of the Philippines, and to surround themselves with such luxuries as the life of the islands permitted. This class was rapidly gaining education.'' This was also true of the Dagupan gentry. Trade enriched many families and allowed them to send their scions to study overseas. These young men returned to the Philippines not only with technical knowledge in their chosen fields but also with the intellectual currents of the time, including constitutional republicanism which swept Spain in 1810. News from the colonial government in Manila also reached Dagupan at a faster pace with the completion of the Manila-Dagupan Railway in 1891. The railway would play a significant role not only in the economic development of Pangasinan but also in the success of the [[Philippine Revolution]]. ===Under the First Philippine Republic=== Not much is known of Dagupeños involvement in the [[Katipunan]] and the first and second parts of the Philippine Revolution. But on Mar. 7, 1898, the Dagupeños unveiled a coordinated attack on Spanish forces that appears to have been planned months in advance. It is now known as the [[Battle of Dagupan (1898)]] The Dagupeño leaders of the attack were [[Juan Solis Galvan]], [[Teodoro Villamil]], [[Pedro de Venecia]], [[Macario Meneses]] and [[Daniel Maramba]]. They were under the overall command of [[Francisco Macabulos]], who had just liberated the provinces of [[Pampanga]] and [[Tarlac]]. He was assisted by [[Ramon Manalang]], who was based in Alaminos. Communications between Macabulos and Manalang was coordinated by Macario Meneses of Bonuan. The Spanish forces were commanded by [[Federico Caballos]], who had troops garrisoned at all the towns of Pangasinan. In Dagupan, he had men at the Colegio de San Alberto Magno, which guarded the western approach to the town; at the foot of Quintos Bridge, which guarded the east; and his main force at the Catholic Church. Although the revolutionary forces were ill equipped (most of them armed only with bolos and lances), they attacked the Spanish with an ingenious rolling trench. The "trenches" were made of several banana tree trunks, wrapped in sheets of dried nipa palm leaves. The trenches were seven feet in diameter and the revolutionists would roll the it toward Spanish positions so they could fight them in close quarter with their bolos and lances. Galvan led the back at the Colegio de San Alberto Magno while Villamil and De Venecia swooped down on the enemies at Quintos Bridge. The Tagalog forces from Nueva Ecija, who were better armed, joined the Dagupeños who attacked the Spanish position at the church. The Dagupeños held the Spanish troops at bay in Dagupan while other revolutionists liberated other towns in the province. Maramba later joined the battle after fighting in Sta. Barbara and Mangaldan. By July 21, after four months and 16 days, Macabulos unleashed a concerted attack. The Spanish and Filipino troops exchanged fire for two nights and a day before Caballos surrendered on July 23 1898, six weeks after the [[Declaration of Philippine Independence]] on June 12, 1898. After the town returned to normal, President [[Emilio Aguinaldo]] named Galvan president of the municipal council. Galvan was a ranking officer of the Katipunan. Galvan Street along which the public market was built was named after him. ===American colonial period=== On January 8-9, 1945, U.S. General [[Douglas MacArthur]] landed his amphibious liberation force in the city's "Blue Beach" section along the [[Lingayen Gulf]]. From his beachhead in Dagupan, along with those in neighboring towns Lingayen and San Fabian, MacArthur's forces under General [[Walter Krueger]] were able to penetrate Japanese defenses in Luzon island and liberate Filipino and allied prisoners of war in Manila's University of Sto. Tomas. ===Dagupan becomes a city=== Dagupan became a city by virtue of Republic Act No. 170, authored by Speaker [[Eugenio Perez]]. It was signed into law by President [[Manuel Roxas]] on June 20, 1947. On October 15, 1947, President Roxas issued Executive Order No. 96 fixing the city limits to include the towns of [[San Fabian]], [[Pangasinan]] and [[Calasiao]], [[Pangasinan]] but the residents of Calasiao rejected inclusion into the new city, causing controversy over the election that was held on Nov. 10, 1947. The dispute was brought before the [[Supreme Court of the Philippines]] which subsequently validated the election and ruled that Dagupan became a city on June 20, 1947, when Roxas signed the charter into law. Despite the controversy attending Dagupan's rise as a city, the new city mayor, Angel B. Fernandez, embarked on an infrastructure program that would develop erswhile idle swamplands toward the south and west. In 1948, he built a road from barrio Mayombo to barrio Tapuac, passing through the edge of barrio Pogo Chico. The road, built mostly on reclaimed swampland, was named Perez Boulevard, in honor of the House speaker who sponsored the city charter. The road was needed because of the increasing number of commercial establishments on Torres Bugallon Avenue and the growing number of residents at the southern limits of the city. In 1946, the Dagupan City High School was transferred from Torres Bugallon Avenue. Perez Boulevard expanded the commercial area south especially after Fernandez built a new public market at the bank of the river. Later, Fernandez's successor Teofilo Guadiz, who served from 1954-1957 and 1958-1959, would also contribute to the city's expansion by extending Rizal Street, which was only then from Torres Bugallon to Rivera Street, up to the [[Iglesia ni Cristo]] compound. Also, he extended Galvan Street, which was then up to Gomez Street only, up to Perez Boulevard. He also secured funds from Senator Cipriano Primicias Sr., a native of Pangasinan, to build a two-story semi-permanent building for the city high school. Guadiz also replaced the Bailey bridge on Perez Boulevard with a concrete one. The westward expansion of the city went as far as Lucao which was also swampland. Local historian Restituto Basa surmised that the name Lucao may have been derived from the shellfish called ''lukan'' that used to abound in the swampy area. In June 1962, Dagupan was shaken by a series of strong earthquakes which occurred at irregular intervals for about three weeks. The quakes toppled the belfry of the Roman Catholic Church. The epicenter of the earthquake was in Calmay, where real estate values dropped after the temblors. Many people from Calmay, Carael and island barrios evacuated to other towns. In 1968, the national government agencies opened offices in Dagupan and other key cities across the country. The daytime population increased sustantially, causing congestion in the city that began to see the appearance of public utility tricycles. On July 16, 1990, an magnitude 7.7 earthquake struck northern Luzon. The worst hit cities were Cabanatuan, Baguio and Dagupan. Many public and private structures were destroyed or damaged when river banks slid into the Pantal River and dry land into the swampy areas. Streets were ruptured and the ground subsided, causing buildings to sink by as much as two meters. Other buildings tilted severely, especially along Perez Boulevard. One building tilted by as much as 19 degrees, but generally, the magnitude of tilt was within 2-5 degrees. There were sand boils in several areas in the city and drainage systems were clogged by the accumulated sand causing temporary flooding of the city's main thoroughfares. Some houses remained underwater by 30-50 cms. for several months. The whole stretch of Don Jose Calimlim Street and swampy areas and fishpond communities, such as Barangay Lasip Grande, remained underwater even during low tide conditions. At the height of the earthquake, an eyewitness told experts of the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology that he saw rolling during the earthquake and a jeep parked along the road vanished from his sight. Scientists blamed the destruction on the liquefaction of land that was had not compacted enough since it was reclaimed from the swamp or marsh. It was also blamed on the active shifting of Pantal River, which left abandoned meanders on which people built structures. Varying degrees of damage were sustained in the different affected areas of Dagupan City. Phivolcs said a study of the damage during the earthquake indicate that susceptibility to liquefaction in different parts of Dagupan City can be related to the relative ages of the geologic features and the deposits underlying them. The degree of destruction along A.B. Fernandez Avenue, which largely lies on reclaimed swampland, was generally less than that in the Perez Blvd. area except near its intersection with Rizal Street. The great degree of liquefaction along a 100m stretch of A.B. Fernandez Ave. can be traced to changes in the channel of Pantal River. Prior to north eastward expansion of Dagupan City, Pantal River used to meander around the area now partly occupied by A.B. Fernandez Ave. and Rizal St. before running parallel to Pantal Road. ==Demographics== ==Government== ===Barangays=== Dagupan City is politically subdivided into 31 [[barangay]]s. <table border=0><tr> <td valign=top> * Bacayao Norte * Bacayao Sur * Barangay II (Nueva) * Barangay IV (Zamora) * Bolosan * Bonuan Binloc * Bonuan Boquig * Bonuan Gueset * Calmay * Carael * Caranglaan </td><td valign=top> * Herrero * Lasip Chico * Lasip Grande * Lomboy * Lucao * Malued * Mamalingling * Mangin * Mayombo * Pantal </td><td valign=top> * Poblacion Oeste * Barangay I (T. Bugallon) * Pogo Chico * Pogo Grande * Pugaro Suit * Salapingao * Salisay * Tambac * Tapuac * Tebeng </td></tr></table> ==Economy== ==Culture== ===Tourism and recreation=== ===Sports=== ===Media=== ====Television Networks:==== *[[ABS-CBN]]: Channel 3 *[[GMA Network]]: Channel 7 *[[Studio 23]]: Channel 30 ==Transportation== ==Education== ===Universities=== ===Primary and secondary education=== ==Further reading== ==External links== * [http://www.dagupan.gov.ph/ Official Website of Dagupan City] * [http://www.gomilpitas.com/sistercites.htm Sister City of Milpitas, California, USA] * [http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/gwr5/content_pages/record.asp?recordid=53726 World's Longest Barbeque by Guinness World Records] * [http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp Philippine Standard Geographic Code] * [http://www.t-macs.com/kiso/local/ 2000 Philippine Census Information] * [http://www.dagupanbangusfestival.com Dagupan Bangus Festival Official Website | Celebrating the World's Longest Barbecue] * [http://www.kingfisher.edu.ph Kingfisher School of Business and Finance] * [http://www.pangasinan.gov.ph Official Website of the Provincial Government of Pangasinan] * [http://www.dalityapi.com Pangasinan: Preservation and Revitalization of the Pangasinan Language and Literature] * [http://punch.dagupan.com Sunday Punch] * [http://www.sunstar.com.ph/pangasinan Sun Star Pangasinan] * [http://pangasinanstar.prepys.com Pangasinan Star Online] * [http://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Test-wp/pag Pangasinan Test Wikipedia] {{Pangasinan}} '''Bold text''' {{coor title dm|16|03|N|120|20|E|region:PH_type:city}} [[Category:Cities in the Philippines]] [[en:Dagupan City]] [[de:Dagupan]] [[ilo:Ciudad ti Dagupan]] [[nl:Dagupan City]] Dasal 26 517 2006-10-02T13:14:22Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Dasal]] moved to [[Dasal]] * [[Dasal ed Pangasinan]] Dasal ed Pangasinan 27 519 2006-10-02T13:14:22Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Dasal ed Pangasinan]] moved to [[Dasal ed Pangasinan]] '''Dasal ed Pangasinan''' * Say [[Ama Mi]] * Say [[Ave Maria]] * Say [[Nagalang]] * [[Gloria]] * Say [[Manisia Ak]] Diaryo 28 521 2006-10-02T13:14:22Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Diaryo]] moved to [[Diaryo]] ==Diaryo ed Kapuluan== * [http://punch.Dagupan.com Sunday Punch] * [http://www.philstar.com Philippine Star] * [http://www.inq7.net Channel 7 san Inquirer] ==Diaryo ed Bansan [[Hapon]]== * [http://www.japantimes.com Japan Times]: Diaryo ya akasulat ed [[Salitan English]]. * [http://www.asahi.com Asahi Shinbun]: Diaryo ya akasulat ed [[Salitan Hapon]]. ==Diaryo ed [[United States]]== * [http://www.nytimes.com New York Times] ==Diaryo ed [[Germany]]== * [http://service.spiegel.de/cache/international/ Spiegel]: Diaryo ya akasulat ed Salitan English. * [http://www.welt.de Die Welt]: Diaryo ya akasulated [[Salitan German]]. ==Diaryo ed [[United Kingdom]]== * [http://www.guardian.co.uk Guardian Unlimited] Diktionario 29 772 2006-10-03T23:58:31Z Arikasikis 11 [[Listaan na Salitan English|Dictionari na English-Pangasinan]] [[Dictionari na Pangasinan-English]] [[Dictionari na Hapon-Pangasinan]] [[Dictionari na Pangasinan-Hapon]] Eskwelaan 30 525 2006-10-02T13:14:22Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Eskwelaan]] moved to [[Eskwelaan]] Kabat ran Unibersidad * [http://www.upd.edu.ph Unibersidad ng Pilipinas]: Kabat ya unibersidad ed Siyudad Quezon * [http://www.kingfisher.edu.ph Kingfishers of School of Business and Finance]: Maong ya unibersidad nipakar ed Business ed [[luyag na Pangasinan]]. * [http://www.kyoto-u.ac.jp Kyoto University]: Kabat ya nayarin unibersidad. Pigara lan graduate to so akaawat ya [[Nobel Prize]]. Europe 31 527 2006-10-02T13:14:22Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Europe]] moved to [[Europe]] * Austria * Belgium * Czech * Croatia * Denmark * Finland * France * Germany * Hungary * Italy * Luxemburg * Netherlands * Norway * Poland * Romania * Slovakia * Spain * Sweden * Switzerland * United Kingdom Federalist 32 529 2006-10-02T13:14:22Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Federalist]] moved to [[Federalist]] United States na Amerika Filipinas 33 1222 2006-10-17T21:36:26Z Arikasikis 11 /* Politics and government */ {{Infobox Country | native_name = Republika na Filipinas Republic of the Philippines | common_name = the Philippines | image_flag = Flag of the Philippines.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Philippines.png | national_motto = ''Maka-Diyos, Makatao, Makakalikasan, at Makabansa'' ([[Filipino language|Filipino]]: For God, People, Nature, and Country)'' | image_map = LocationPhilippines.png | national_anthem = ''[[Oh, Pilipinas dalin min kagal-galang]] (bersyon ed Pangasinan)'' | official_languages = [[Salitan Filipino|Filipino]], [[Salitan English|English]].<ref> [[Salitan Cebuano|Cebuano]], [[Salitan Iloko|Ilokano]], [[Salitan Hiligaynon|Hiligaynon]], [[Salitan Bikol|Bikol]], [[Salitan Waray-Waray|Waray-Waray]], [[Salitan Kapampangan|Kapampangan]], [[Salitan Pangasinan|Pangasinan]], [[SAlitan Kinaray-a|Kinaray-a]], [[SAlitan Maranao|Maranao]], [[Salitan Maguindanao|Maguindanao]], [[Salitan Tagalog|Tagalog]], [[Salitan Tausug|Tausug]] are the auxiliary official languages in their respective regions. [[Salitan Kastila|Kastila]] and [[Salitan Arabo|Arabo]] are recognized in the Constitution.</ref> | capital = [[Manila]]|latd=14|latm=35|latNS=N|longd=121|longm=0|longEW=E | largest_city = [[Quezon City]] | government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]]-[[President|presidential]] | leader_title1 = [[President of the Philippines|President]] | leader_title2 = [[Vice President of the Philippines|Vice President]] | leader_name1 = [[Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo]] | leader_name2 = [[Noli de Castro]] | area = 300,000 | areami²=115,831  | area_rank = 72nd | area_magnitude = 1 E11 | percent_water = 0.6% | population_estimate = 83,054,000 | population_estimate_year = July 2005 | population_estimate_rank = 13th | population_census = 76,504,077 | population_census_year = 2000 | population_density = 276 | population_densitymi² =715  | population_density_rank = 42nd | GDP_PPP_year = 2005 | GDP_PPP = $414.7 billion | GDP_PPP_rank = 25th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $4,923 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 102nd | HDI_year = 2003 | HDI = 0.758 | HDI_rank = 84th | HDI_category = medium | sovereignty_type = [[Kawayangen]] | sovereignty_note = Manlapod [[Spain]] tan [[United States|U.S.]] | established_event1 = Declared | established_date1 = [[June 12]], [[1898]] | established_event2 = Recognized | established_date2 = [[July 4]], [[1946]] | established_event3 = [[Constitution of the Philippines|Current constitution]] | established_date3 = [[March 25]], [[1986]] | currency = [[Philippine Peso|Philippine peso]] (''piso'') | currency_code = PHP | time_zone = [[Philippine Standard Time|PHT]] | utc_offset = +8 | time_zone_DST = not in use | utc_offset_DST = | cctld = [[.ph]] | calling_code = 63 | patron_saint = Mother Mary | footnotes= }} Filipinas (English: ''Philippines''; Filipino: ''Pilipinas''), tatawagen a Republika na Filipinas (English: ''Republic of the Philippines''; Filipino: ''Republika ng Pilipinas''), sakey a bansan kapuloan a nipasen ed kapuloan Malay ed Southeast Asia, a say ''capital'' to so [[Manila]]. Say kaarawi to ed Asia so 1,210 kilometers o 750 miles, tan 7,107 a kapuloan a tatawagen a kapuloan Filipinas. Say Filipinas so panlalapuan na karakel a ''migrant workers'' o onkikimey ed arom a bansa; wala so masulok a 8 million ''overseas Filipinos'' tan say ipapawit da a remittances so masulok a $12 billion a tinaon. Say ngaran a Filipinas so ingaran nen Ruy Lopez de Villalobos, sakey a Kastilan a conquistador, ed ari na Espana, si Ari Felipe II ed Espana. ==History== ==Politics and government==  {| class="toccolours" style="float: right; margin: 1em; padding: 1em; width: 240px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%; clear: right" |+ [[National symbols]] of the Philippines |- | style="padding-left: 1em;" | '''Flag''' | [[Flag of the Philippines|National Flag]] (''Pambansang Watawat'') |- | style="padding-left: 1em;" | '''Anthem''' | ''[[Oh, Pilipinas dalin min kagal-galang]] (bersyon ed Pangasinan)'' |- | style="padding-left: 1em;" | '''Patriotic Song''' | ''[[Pilipinas Kong Mahal]]'' |- | style="padding-left: 1em;" | '''Gem''' | [[Pearl|South Sea pearls]] |- | style="padding-left: 1em;" | '''Dance''' | ''[[Cariñosa]]'' (formerly ''[[Tinikling]]'') |- | style="padding-left: 1em;" | '''Animal''' | [[Carabao]] / [[Tamaraw]] |- | style="padding-left: 1em;" | '''Bird''' | [[Philippine Eagle]] (formerly the [[Tree Sparrow]] or ''Maya'') |- | style="padding-left: 1em;" | '''Fish''' | [[Milkfish]] (''Bangus'') |- | style="padding-left: 1em;" | '''Flower''' | [[Jasminum sambac|Arabian Jasmine]] (''Sampaguita'') |- | style="padding-left: 1em;" | '''Tree''' | [[Angsana]] (''Narra'') |- | style="padding-left: 1em;" | '''Leaf''' | [[Livistona|Fan palm]] (''Anahaw'') |- | style="padding-left: 1em;" | '''Fruit''' | [[Mango]] |- | style="padding-left: 1em;" | '''Sport''' | [[Sipa]] |- | style="padding-left: 1em;" | '''Costume''' | [[Barong Tagalog|Barong]] and [[Baro't saya]] |- | style="padding-left: 1em;" | '''Hero''' | [[José P. Rizal]] |} '''Saray Region''' <table><tr><td valign=top> * [[Sagor na Baybay na Luzon]] (Region I) * [[Valley na Cagayan]] (Region II) * [[Pegley na Luzon]] (Region III) * [[CALABARZON]] (Region IV-A) '''¹''' '''²''' * [[MIMARO]] (Region IV-B) '''¹''' '''²''' '''³''' * [[Bicol Region]] (Region V) * [[Sagor na Visayas]] (Region VI) '''³''' * [[Pegley na Visayas]] (Region VII) * [[Bokig na Visayas]] (Region VIII) </td><td valign=top> * [[Zamboanga Peninsula]] (Region IX) * [[Baybay na Mindanao]] (Region X) * [[Davao Region]] (Region XI) * [[SOCCSKSARGEN]] (Region XII) '''¹''' * [[Caraga]] (Region XIII) * [[Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao]] (ARMM) * [[Cordillera Administrative Region]] (CAR) * [[Metro Manila|National Capital Region]] (NCR) (''Metro Manila'') </td></tr></table> ==Geography== {{main|Geography of the Philippines}} [[Image:Ph physical map.png|250px|thumb|right|Geography of the Philippines]] The Philippines constitutes an [[archipelago]] of 7,107 islands with a total land area of approximately 300,000 [[square kilometre]]s (116,000 [[square mile|sq. mi]]). It lies between 116° 40' and 126° 34' E. longitude, and 4° 40' and 21° 10' N. latitude, and borders the [[Philippine Sea]] on the east, on the [[South China Sea]] the west, and the [[Celebes Sea]] on the south. The island of [[Borneo]] lies a few hundred kilometers southwest and [[Taiwan]] directly north. The [[Moluccas]] and [[Sulawesi]] are to the south, and [[Palau]] is to the east beyond the [[Philippine Sea]]. The islands are commonly divided into three island groups: [[Luzon]] (Regions I to V, NCR & CAR), [[Visayas]] (VI to VIII), and [[Mindanao]] (IX to XIII & ARMM). The busy port of [[Manila]], on [[Luzon]], is the national [[capital]] and second largest [[city]] after its suburb [[Quezon City]]. The local [[climate]] is hot, humid, and tropical. The average yearly temperature is around 26.5°[[Celsius|C]] (79.7°[[Fahrenheit|F]]). There are three recognized seasons: ''Tag-init'' or ''Tag-araw'' (the hot season or summer from March to May), ''Tag-ulan'' (the rainy season from June to November), and ''Taglamig'' (the cold season from December to February). The southwest [[monsoon]] (May-October) is known as the "[[habagat]]" and the dry winds of the northeast monsoon (November-April) as the "[[amihan]]". Most of the mountainous islands used to be covered in [[tropical rainforest]] and are volcanic in origin. The highest point is [[Mount Apo]] on Mindanao at 2,954 metres (9,692 [[foot (unit of length)|ft]]). There are many active [[volcano]]s such as [[Mayon Volcano]], [[Mount Pinatubo]], and [[Taal Volcano]]. The country also lies within the [[typhoon]] belt of the Western Pacific and about 19 typhoons strike per year. Lying on the northwestern fringes of the [[Pacific Ring of Fire]], the Philippines experiences frequent seismic and volcanic activities. Some 20 [[earthquake]]s are registered daily in the Philippines, though most are too weak to be felt. ==Economy== [[Image:Salcedo_village.jpg|thumb|right|250px|The [[Makati]] CBD]] [[Image:HPIM2166.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Greenbelt Park, at the heart of Makati CBD, where al fresco cafés and restaurants are situated]] [[Image:Cebu_Business_Park.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Cebu Business Park, located at the "Queen City of the South," Cebu City. ]] {{main|Economy of the Philippines}} == Demographics == {{main articles|[[Demographics of the Philippines]], [[Ethnic Groups of the Philippines]]}} == Language == ==Religion== == See also == {{main|Philippine-related topics}} ==References== <div class="references-small"> <references/> :* PSE: [http://www.pse.com.ph Philippine Stock Exchange]. URL accessed March 29th, 2006. </div> ==External links== {{sisterlinks|Philippines}} {{portal}} '''Maps''' * [http://www.wikimapia.org/#y=12554564&x=122915039&z=6&l=0&m=a WikiSatellite view of Philippines at WikiMapia] ;'''Official''' * [http://www.gov.ph Official website of the Philippine Government] - Gateway to governmental sites  ; '''Other''' * {{wikitravel}} * {{wikia|philippines|Philippines}} * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/country_profiles/1262783.stm BBC Country Profile on the Philippines] * [http://countrystudies.us/philippines/ U.S. Country Studies: Philippines] * [http://web.kssp.upd.edu.ph/linguistics/plc2006/papers/FullPapers/I-2_Solheim.pdf Origins of the Filipinos and Their Languages by Wilhelm G. Solheim II] ([[Portable Document File|PDF]])  {{ASEAN}} {{APEC}} {{Southeast Asia}} {{Asia}} [[Category:First republics in Asia]] [[Category:ASEAN member states]] [[Category:Former Spanish colonies]] [[Category:Southeast Asian countries]] [[Category:Island nations]] [[Category:English speaking countries]] [[Category:Spanish speaking countries]] [[af:Filippyne]] [[ar:فلبين]] [[an:Filipinas]] [[ast:Filipines]] [[zh-min-nan:Hui-li̍p-pin]] [[bs:Filipini]] [[br:Filipinez]] [[bg:Филипини]] [[ca:Filipines]] [[ceb:Pilipinas]] [[cs:Filipíny]] [[cy:Pilipinas]] [[da:Filippinerne]] [[de:Philippinen]] [[et:Filipiinid]] [[el:Φιλιππίνες]] [[es:Filipinas]] [[eo:Filipinoj]] [[eu:Filipinak]] [[fa:فیلیپین]] [[fr:Philippines]] [[fy:Filipinen]] [[gl:Filipinas - Pilipinas]] [[ko:필리핀]] [[hr:Filipini]] [[io:Filipini]] [[ilo:Filipinas]] [[id:Filipina]] [[ia:Philippinas]] [[is:Filippseyjar]] [[it:Filippine]] [[he:הפיליפינים]] [[ka:ფილიპინები]] [[kw:Filipinys]] [[ht:Filipin]] [[ku:Fîlîpîn]] [[la:Philippinae]] [[lv:Filipīnas]] [[lb:Philippinen]] [[lt:Filipinai]] [[li:Filipiene]] [[hu:Fülöp-szigetek]] [[mr:फिलिपाईन्स]] [[ms:Filipina]] [[nl:Filipijnen]] [[ja:フィリピン]] [[no:Filippinene]] [[nn:Filippinane]] [[oc:Filipinas]] [[ug:فىلىپپىن تاقىم ئاراللىرى]] [[pam:Filipinas]] [[nds:Philippinen]] [[pl:Filipiny]] [[pt:Filipinas]] [[ro:Filipine]] [[ru:Филиппины]] [[war:Pilipinas]] [[sm:Filipaina]] [[sq:Filipinet]] [[simple:Philippines]] [[sk:Filipíny]] [[sl:Filipini]] [[sr:Филипини]] [[sh:Filipini]] [[fi:Filippiinit]] [[sv:Filippinerna]] [[tl:Pilipinas]] [[ta:பிலிப்பைன்ஸ்]] [[th:ประเทศฟิลิปปินส์]] [[vi:Philippines]] [[tr:Filipinler Cumhuriyeti]] [[uk:Філіппіни]] [[yi:פיליפינען]] [[zh:菲律宾]] Francisco Goya 34 533 2006-10-02T13:14:22Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Francisco Goya]] moved to [[Francisco Goya]] [[Image:Goya selfportrait.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Self-portrait nen Goya]] Sakey ya Spanish painter san printmaker si Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes (Marso 30, 1746 – Abril 16, 1828). Sakey ya portraitst san painter na court na Spanish crown si Goya. Sakey met na tagasulat na history san ed say unofficial work to, sakey ya revolutionary san visionary. Akadisplay ed Museo del Prado so karaklan na trabaho nen Goya. [[pag/Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] Futball 35 535 2006-10-02T13:14:22Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Futball]] moved to [[Futball]] World Cup Geography 36 537 2006-10-02T13:14:22Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Geography]] moved to [[Geography]] [[Asia]] [[Amerika]] [[Europe]] [[Australya]] [[Afrika]] Grammar 37 539 2006-10-02T13:14:22Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Grammar]] moved to [[Grammar]] Say grammar: panaral nipakar ed saray rule diad sakey lenguahi. Grupon Ethnic 38 541 2006-10-02T13:14:23Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Grupon Ethnic]] moved to [[Grupon Ethnic]] Pangasinan Ilocano Ilonggo Tagalog Bisaya Kapangpangan Ita Maranao Mangyan Henri Matisse 39 543 2006-10-02T13:14:23Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Henri Matisse]] moved to [[Henri Matisse]] [[Image:Portrait of Henri Matisse 1933 May 20.jpg|thumb|Litrato nen Henri Matisse ya nilitrato nen [[Carl Van Vechten]], 1933.]] Sakey ya French artist, kabat ed panag-usar to na color san say original ton draftmanship. Sakey ya sankakabatan na artist ed 20th century. [[pag/Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] Hokusai 40 545 2006-10-02T13:14:23Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Hokusai]] moved to [[Hokusai]] [[Image:Tsunami by hokusai 19th century.jpg|thumb|300px|''In the Hollow of a Wave off the Coast at Kanagawa'' (from a ''[[36 Views of Mount Fuji (Hokusai)|Series of Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji]]'') by Katsushika Hokusai. Color [[woodcut]], 10 × 15 inches; [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], New York]] Sakey ya Hapon ya artist si Katsushika Hokusai (葛飾北斎) (1760-1849) nen panaon na Edo ed Japan. Sakey met na author na 13-volume ya sketchbook ya tatawagen dan Hokusai manga (ginapuan nen 1814) san block prints ya 36 Views na Mount Fuji. [[pag/Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] Ideoloji 41 547 2006-10-02T13:14:23Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Ideoloji]] moved to [[Ideoloji]] Neo-liberalismo Neo-conservatsimo Komunismo Anarchismo Liberalismo Internet 42 549 2006-10-02T13:14:23Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Internet]] moved to [[Internet]] Worldwide so Internet ya sakey ya network na computer. Jazz 43 551 2006-10-02T13:14:23Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Jazz]] moved to [[Jazz]] Sakey ya original American musik so jazz. Naimbento yan genre nen gapo na 20th century diad New Orleans. Kaarian 44 553 2006-10-02T13:14:23Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Kaarian]] moved to [[Kaarian]] Kaarian na Saudi Arabia Kaarian na Jordan Kabat ran Pangasinan 45 1024 2006-10-10T21:41:18Z Arikasikis 11 * [[Victorio C. Edades]] * [[Fernando Poe, Jr.]] * [[Fidel V. Ramos]] * [[Jose de Venecia, Jr.]] * [[Oscar V. Cruz]] * [[Oscar Lambino]] * [[Ermin F. Garcia, Jr.]] Kabat ran Totoo 46 557 2006-10-02T13:14:23Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Kabat ran Totoo]] moved to [[Kabat ran Totoo]] * [[Aristotle]] * [[Carlos Bulusan]] * [[Jose De Venecia]] * [[Santo Dominggo]] * [[Victorio Edades]] * [[Immanuel Kant]] * [[Andres Malong]] * [[Karl Marx]] * [[Michelangelo]] * [[Isaac Newton]] * [[John Paul II]] * [[Juan Dela Cruz Palaris]] * [[Pantaleon Perez]] * [[Picasso]] * [[Plato]] * [[Fernando Poe, Jr.]] * [[Fidel V. Ramos]] * [[Socrates]] * [[Mother Theresa]] * [[Santo Tomas]] * [[Van Gogh]] Kankanta 47 749 2006-10-03T21:56:15Z Arikasikis 11 * [[Jesus a Dios tan Ari mi]] * [[Ondakmomo itayo]] * [[Galin Amin]] * [[Hesus ya Dios tan Ari Mi]] * [[Maaron Jesus]] * [[Jesus Pirdonaen Mo ak]] * [[O Arin Manamalsa]] * [[Awaten Koy Mabilay a Dios]] * [[Adios]] * [[Misalamat]] * [[O Maria O Ligliwa]] * [[Galiken]] Klase na Gobyerno 48 561 2006-10-02T13:14:23Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Klase na Gobyerno]] moved to [[Klase na Gobyerno]] [[Republik]] [[Kaarian]] [[Federalist]] Kultura tan Aral 49 563 2006-10-02T13:14:23Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Kultura tan Aral]] moved to [[Kultura tan Aral]] [[Eskwelaan]] [[Librari]] [[Sayaw]] [[Cancion]] Librari 50 565 2006-10-02T13:14:23Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Librari]] moved to [[Librari]] Naanap ed sakey a librari so koleksyon na libro, magazine, san diaryo. Listaan na Lingguahi 51 567 2006-10-02T13:14:23Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Listaan na Lingguahi]] moved to [[Listaan na Lingguahi]] Pangasinan English German Japanese Hiligaynon Tagalog Cebuano Ilokano Kapangpangan Waray waray Chabacano Listaan na Salitan English 52 1058 2006-10-13T20:58:33Z Arikasikis 11 /* e */ '''Listaan na Salitan English''' Say salitan English tan [[salitan Pangasinan]] ==a== ===a=== # a sakey # abandon kaindan, paulian # abase abeba # abbreviate patikey # abide mansiansia, on-ag-alis # ability kaya, sarag, nayarian # abode ayaman # abolish ekalen, palisen # abolition pakaekal # about nipaakar ed, ngalngali # above tagey # abound kapno, calaan # abreast caampar # abrupt mapareng # absent andi dia # absent-minded malingwan # absorb sepsepen # abstain paliisan # abstinence mapaliis # abundance karaklan # abuse duksa, lames, loor, ikana ed agkatonongan # accede miabobon # accelerate peles, siglat, manganat # accept akoen # acceptable makana, aawaten # accessible naakar # accident disgrasya # accomodate padakesen # accompany ibaan # accomplish nagawaan # according onong # accordingly onong lanti # accurate ag-oncasipa # achieve gamoran # acid apseng # acknowledge akoen-ya-kabat # acquaint mikabat # acquire nagegemtan # across basil, baliw, biek # act gawa # actual peles # adapt usoen # add aroman # address (verb) mansalita # adjacent kaabay # adjourn mansisiaan # adopt iwien # admit akoen # adult matakken, ataonan # adultery pikakalngoran # advantage talonggaring # adventure ipalaran ===af=== # afar arawi # affair kimey # affirm paletan # aflict dusaen # affloat manletletao # afraid antakot # after kayari # afternoon ngarem # again lamet # against sungpa # age taon # aggravate palaloen # agile makitsing # agitation golo # ago nen saman # agony gonigon # agree mitonong # agreement nan-nonongan, paknaan # agriculture panagdalus # aid tolongan # aim getma # air dagem # ajar atenieg ===ak=== # alarm pakabat na mauges # albumen ampoti icnol # alcohol alac, alcohol # alert malicsi # alien sankaili ed nacion # alight epas ed luganan # align dasig, petek # alike manpadpara # alive mabilay # all amin # alley melag ya dalan # alliance moyongan # alligator buaya # allow abuloyan, buloyan # almost ngalngali, dawit-dawit # alms payabol # alone bokbokor, begtao # along kaiba # along-side kaoksoy # alphabet letras na salita # already la # also met # alternate kasublayan # although angaman # altitude kaatagey # altogether amin # always lanang, naynay, lawas # amaze kelawan, pankelawan # ambition pilalek # amendment pangapiger # amiable maararo # amidst manpepegleyan # amongst naleleetan # amount karakel # amusement panliketan # an sakey # analogy kaolibay # analyze salaysay-en # ancestor ateng # anchor pataga # ancient daan # and tan, san # anger pasnok, sanok # animal ayep # animosity gula # ankle batangan # announce ipakabat # announcement pakabat # annoy solon-en # annual tinaon # anoint puyokan # another sananey # answer ebat, esel # ant gilata # anxiety panpirawat # any siopaman # anybody anggansiopaman # anyhow anggaman ontan # anything anggan anto # anywhere anggan iner ===ap=== # apart nibiig # apperture panlucas # apparel kawes # appear onpatnag # appetite maong a panangan # applaud tipakan # apply onparongtal # appoint toto-en # appreciate pabli-en # approach asinggeran # approve aboloyan # apron tapis # arbitrary agnapising # arch basikaw # archipelago polok na polpolo # area kaawang # argue man-katonong-an # argument sangsangan, singbatan # arid andi-tanaman # arise alagey # arm taklay # army ejercitos # aroma balingit # around kaliber-liber # arouse liingen # arrest erelen # arrive sabi # arrow pana # article bengatla # as singa # ascend onatagey # ash dapol # ashamed abaingan # ashore nisakda # ask kerew # ask (as in question) tepeten # ask mercy mikasi # ask permission patanir # asleep naogip # assembly singbatan, dongoan # assert ikolkol # assign ipasen # association pililimog # assurance pansiguroan # astern masoner # astonish nikelawan # astounding makapakelkelaw # at diad # atmosphere dagem # attach kabit # attack bacalen # attempt salien # attend dago # attention imano # attribute inkawalna ===au=== # audible narengel # audience saray mandengel # aunt panginaen # author nansulat # avarice agum # avenge onbales # avoid iwas, paliis # await awaten # awake aliing # away andi-dia # awkward mabanday # ax wasay # axle sibagnan ==b== ===b=== # baby ugaw ya melag # bachelor balolaki # back (as in part of the body) beneg # back pawel # backbone tenten # backward sener # bad mauges # bag supot # baggage balcot # bait tapang # bake urnoen # balance simbangan # bald yangyangen # ballroom sayawan # bamboo kawayan # banana punti # bandage perper # banner laylay # baptise binyag # barbarian bugkalot # barber pumopoklis # bare-footed kasali-sali # bare-headed caolo-olo # bargain (to make a bargain) tawalan # bark (e.g. of dog) dangol # bark (e.g. of tree) obak # barn kamilir # base letnegan # bashful mabaing # basin palanggana # basis sengegan # basket baksot # bat kaging # bathe ames # battle bakal # bazaar lakoan # beach baybay, guilig na dayat # beak tepek # bean agayep # beard balbal # beast ayep # beatitude kapalaran # beautiful magana, malinggas, malimgas # because ta, lapud # become maliw, manmaliw # bed dukulan # bee potiokan # beef karne baka # beetle balangobang # before nen saman # before (e.g. in front) arap # beggar payabol # begin gapo # behave manbinta # behavior kiwas # behind beneg # being kiwawala # belief pananisia # belief pananisia # believe manisia, sisia # belly eges # belly button puseg # belong kabiangan # below leksab, beba # belt balkes # beneath lepsag # benefit minabang, pinabang, gongona # bequeath ipatawir # beseech pikasi # beside kaabay, sanabay # best sankamaongan, kamaomaongan # bet pusta # betray itapat # better magmaong # between naleetan # beyond labas ===bf=== # Bible Biblia # big baleg # bigamy doaray asawa # bill tepek # bind (e.g. a number of sticks) berber, latop # big baleg # bird manok # birth kianak # birtday inkianak # birthmark siring # bite ketket # bitter ampait ===bk=== # black andeket # bladder birong # blade tarem # blame pankasalanan # blanket oles # blaze ulam, pool # bleed ondala # blemish mansa # blend kames # blind bulag # block (e.g. a way) sara, sanib, sabat # blood dala # blow isibok, onsiplog # blue inanagan, azul # blush ambalangay lupa # board tabla # boat baloto, bangka, parao # body laman # boil (e.g. on skin) larag # boil (e.g. water) onloag # bold mabayani # bone pokel # bone (e.g. in fish) sabit # book libro (Span.) # border ketegan # born nianak # borrow bayes # boss kapatas, pangolo # both sikaran dua # bottom dalem # bounce poktal # bow igalang # bowl yaong # bowlegged pakang # bottle poronggo # box kaban # boy lakin ugaw ===bp=== # brain otek # branch sanga # brass gansa # brave masibeg, mabayani # bravery sibeg # bread tinapay # break (e.g. a wood) puter # break (e.g. glass) bitagen # breakfast almosal # breast suso # breast (chest) pagew # breastbone pokel na pagew # breathe ingas, linawa # bride nobia # bridegroom nobio # bridge taytay # bridle pakalat # bright (as in with light) maliwawa, marlang, masnag # brim sangat # bring awiten # bring back pawil # broad maawang # broken aputer, abetag # brook kolos # broom panis # brother agi-ya-laki # brow kirep # brown kayomanggi # bruise sireg # brutal inayep ===bu=== # bubble bura # bug piseng, sibaweng # build paalagey # bulge onbisog # bulging butirog # bull baka # bundle balkot # burn puol # bury kotkot # business kimey # busy makuli # but balet, ingen # butterfly kompapey # buttocks ebet # buy saliw # by ed, abay ==c== ===c=== # cackle onkotak # calf (of cow) kelaw na baka # calf (as in part of leg) bikkeng # call tawagen # callous immawet # calm mareen # can (as in potential) nayari-an # candy masamit # cap kipes # capable makayari # capital kabisera # captive akakep # car luganan ya kotse # carabao dueg # carbon uring # carcass bankay na ayep # care talimaen # careful maalwar # careless dalakorak # cargo awit, lugan # carpenter panday # carry awiten # cart kariton # carve ibangbang # casket longon # cast (out) bantak # cat pusa # catch sampaten # cathecism katekismo # cattle baka # cause sengegan, pansengegan # cavity longon # cease tonda # ceiling gobida # celebrate pan-liketan # celestial mangatatawen # cemetery kamposanto # censure pasnokan # center pegley # centipede gamayan # century siglo, sanlasus taon # ceremony oksoy, seremonia ===cf=== # chaff taep # chain golong-golong # chair yorongan # challenge ayatan # chance kapalaran # change salatan # channel banawang # chapter kapitulo # character kabibilay # charcoal uring # chase abol, usil # chastise dusaen # chat daldal, dalatdat, talabit # chatter manlabir # cheap mamura # cheat mansaol # cheek aping # cheer paliketen # chest pagew # chick sisiw # chief manona # chiefly nagkalalo # child ugaw, anak # childhood kaugawan # children ugugaw # chilly ambetel # chin baba # chip sapsap # choice pilien # chop popoen # Christmas Inkianak # church simbaan # circle malimpek # circumcission segat, galsim # circumstance kipapasen # citizen mibabaley # city baley ===ck=== # clamp sipit # clap mantipak # clatter ontalokotok # claw gamet # clean malimgas, malinis # clear malinew # clerk sumusulat # clever masilib # click tapik, tiktik # climb (e.g. a tree) kalab, dagi # climb (e.g. a stair) segep, tatdang # cling peket # close (e.g. a door) sara, kaput # close (e.g. eyes) pikit # closet silir # cloth abel # clothing kawes # cloud lorem # cloudy malorem # club pekpek # clump bonton # clumsy masional # coarse magasal # coast gilig na dayat # cock lalong # cockpit bulangan # coconut niog # coffee kafe # coin kuwarta, pilak # cold (temperature) betel # colds (illness) panateng # colic sibok # collapse gaygay # collar biklew na aysing # colleck singilen # collide milupa # comb sagaysay # combine tipon # come ondago, galaen # come (in) loob # come (out) paway # come (up) segep # community komyunidad (Span.) # common karaklan # companion iba # company olop # compare yalimbawa, ipara # compassion abagey # compel pasuoten # complain reklamo # complete sumpalen # complexion kolor na lupa # complement pagalang # comprehend talosan # comrade iba # conceal iyamot # conceit pasirayew # conception kaisipan # concerning nipakar # condemn naplagan na dusa # condescend manpaabeba # condition kipapasen # conduct kagagawa # confess mangipatua # confine ipokok # confirm paletan # conflict supiatan # confuse elewen # congregation moyong # conscience isip, liknaan # consecutive mantotombokan # consent aboloy # conserve gimper, inot # consider isipen # consistent masiansia # consolation ligliwa # conspicuous mapatnag # constant matoor # constipation agmakabawas # consult mibalita # consume opoten # consume opot # contain luganen # content napera # contest salian # continue ituloy # contradict supiatan # contrary sungpa # contribute osos, iter # control oleyan # convenient matokoy # conversation tongtongan # convert pangomanen # convince napanisia # convulsion kelat # coo keteketeken # cook luto # cook (person) lumuluto # cool ambetel # coop kulungan # cord lubir # core otel # cork pulet # corn mais (Span.) # corner sukong, suyok # corpse bangkay # correct susto # corrupt marutak # cost (verb) manbayar # cotton kapes # cough on-okok # count bilang # countless agnabilang # country dalin # couple sanparis # courage sibeg # court okom # courtship panamag, karaw # cousin kapinsan # cover sakob, sakbongan # coward matakot ===cp=== # crab alama # crack lamat # cradle andoyan # cramp mankelat # crank peyesan # crawfish kising-kising # crawl onkorong # crazy ambagel # crease atopian na keskes # create lesa, palesa # creator manamalsa # creation pamalsa # creator manamalsa # creature pinalsa # creed pananisia # cricket wirwir # cripple piley # crockery (earthenware) damdamili # crocodile buaya # crooked pikewet, baskweng # cross (e.g. a river) baliw # cross kruz # crow wakwak # crow (verb) onkokaok # crowd olop # crown panlok # crucify ipasak ed kruz # cruel maruksa # crumb mikmik # cry onakis ===cu=== # cultivate dalos, alilaen # cunning masilib # cup yaong ya inumen # curdle pakigtelen # cure tambalen # current agos, anor # curse ayew # curtain sanib # custom ugali # cut popoen, poltoten, katlien # cute masonong ==d== ===da=== # daily inagew-agew # damage deral # damp nennab # dance sayaw # dark ambilonget # darkness kabilongetan # darn sorsian # date bilang na agew # dawn palbangon # day agew # dead inatey # deaf telek # dear pinablin, pinabli # death patey # debate supiatan # debt utang # debtor akautang # decay bokbok # deceive bulagen # decent matukoy # decide gagalaen # deck (of a ship) kasig # declare isalaysay # decoration arkos # decree gangan # dedicate italaga # deed gawa # deep aralem # deer ulsa # defend yagel # defile dutaken # define paliwawaen # definite nibiig # dejection panunaw # delay abalaen # delegate pinagkalupa # delight ligsa # deliver iter # deluge delap # demonstrate ipanengneng # deny ibeneg # dense mapalet, aseksek # depart ontaynan # deprave paugesen # deprive paandian # descend onlasor # describe paliwawaen, kanegnengan # desire panpilalekan # desolate begbegtaw # despair andiay ilalo # destroy deralen # destruction kadederal # detach apnit # determine ninonot ya gawaen # develop aligwas, aliguas # devil tokso # devise oksoyen # devour opoten # dew linaew ===df=== # diarrhoea empatcho # die ompatey # differ miduma # difference pandumaan # different sananey, duma # difficult mairap # dig kotkoten # digest tunawen # dignity dignidad (Span.) # digits (as in fingers) gamet # dike dike # diligent makuli # dim aliwan maliwawa # dimple abat-na-aping # dinner pandem # dip ikaor # direct itonton # dirt dutak # dirty marutak # disagree mi-agnonong # disappear onandi # disapprove ag-abobon-an # disassemble bagbag # disciple babangatan # discipline oksoy # discourage patabangen # discover sukay, anap, kusimat # discuss tongtongan # disease sakit # dish lipong # dishonor kabandayan # dismantle bagbag # disorder akosokoso # disposition walna # dispute supiaten # distress gonigon # dive onlegep # diversity nambabangil # divide palduwaen, apagen # divine maridios # divorce pansian ===dk=== # do gawa # doctor mananambal # doctrine bangat # dodge onlikir # dog aso # doll anak-anak # door pinto, puwerta (Span.) # double doble # doubt panduarua # dove malapati # down lepsag # dozen dosena ===dp=== # draw onkaor # dragonfly andiret # dream kugip # dress kawes # drink on-inom # drizzle maya maya # drop (as in water) terter # drop (verb) ipelag # drought tiagew # drown lener # drunk abuek # dragonfly andiret # dream kugip # drink inom # drizzle maya-maya # dry amaga ===du=== # duck itik # dull epel # dumb emel # dung tai # durable malet, mapaot # duration kabayagan # dust dabok, sapok # dusty marabok, masapok # dwarf onano ==e== ===ea=== # each balang # ear layag # ear-ache sakit na layag # early masakbay # earnest masimoon # earth dalin # earthquake yegyeg # ease gano # east bokig # easy mainomay, magano # eat mangan # ebb (tide) kati # echo al-alig # edge gilig # eel olsob ===ef=== # effect nasungpalan # egg iknol # eight walora # eighth kumawalo # either balangla # eject lua ===ek=== # elbow siko # elder panguloan # elect pilien, toroen # elevate ipaatagey # else arum # embark onlugan # embrace lakapen # emotion liknaan # emphasis ipurek # employ pakimey-an # empty andilugan # enclose kobkob-en, liber-en # end sampot, anggaan, kasampotan # endless ag-naandi, andi-angaan # endure mantepel # energy kasil # enjoy panliketan # enlarge pabalegen # enormous balbaleg # enough nagnap # enter onloob # entertain manangkaili # entire amin # envy sibletan ===ep=== # equal nanpara # erase purak, papas, buralen # erect maptek # error lingo, aliwa # essential nakaukulan # eternity andi-angaan ===eu=== # eulogy pandayew # even mapatad # even (adverb) anggan, lanti # evening labi # event agawa # ever (adverb) lawas # every balng # evil mauges # exact kasukatan # examine imanoen # example alimbawa # exceed onsulok # excel laslasan # exception nilikod # excess sulok # exchange salatan # excitement pakelaw # excuse baraan, itepel # exhibit ipanengneng # exodus ipaway # expand onbaleg # expect ilaloan # expel ikalen # expensive mabli # experience salsali # expert sanay # expression panangibaga # exterior paway # extinction kaopot, kasimot # extra kera # extract bagot # extreme alabas # eye mata # eye brow kirep # eye lash goyamgoyam # eye lid lokab-lokab ==f== # face lupa # fade puraw # fake bulaw # fall pelag # false aliwa # family boleg # famous bantog # far arawi # farewell patanir # fast maples, masiglat # father ama # favor abobon # fear takot # feed pakan # feel likna, likas # feeling liknaan # fever petang # few pirpigara, daiset # fiber kanot, linat # fifth kumalima # fight kulkulan # fill pano # filter sapit # find anap, almo # finish sumpal # fish ikan, sira # fishpond tanggal, look # five limara # fix apiger # flag laylay # float letaw # flood delap # flow agos # flower bulaklak, rosas (Span.) # fog kelpa # follow sunor # food panangan, kanen # foot sali # forbid sebel # force (e.g. a person) pasoot # forehead moling # forest kakiewan, katakelan # forever anggad angga # forum pulong # forget lingwan # fork tinidor # former akauna # four apatera # fourth kumapat # fragrant ambalingit # frequency betbet # friction gasgas, gasigas # friend kaaro # frog patang # front arap # fruit bunga # full napno, apano # funny makapalek # future arapen ==g== # game galaw # gap leet # generous maiter, mapalangkap # germ bigis # get ala # get well abig # gift pamalangkap # give itdan # glare (stare) linggis # glory nagalang # go to school urong # good maong # goodness kamaungan # grade balitang # grandfather laki # grandmother bae # grass dika # great apo # green berde (Span.) # groan (verb) man-aglem # grow tobo # guess parles, padisir ==h== # habit iloam # halt tonda # ham hamon (Span.) # hand lima # hard anawet # hair buek # happiness liket # happy maliket # hard awet # hardship irap # hay dayami # he sikato, sikara # head ulo # health abig # hear dengel # heart puso # heat petang # heaven tawen # heaviness belat # heir tumatawir # heavy ambelat # hell impiyerno (Span.) # help tulong-an # helm timon # here dia # hide amot, yamot # hit (with a stick) pekpek # hive abong na potiakan # hold benben # hole butaw, abot # homesickness iliw # honeybee oyokan # hope ilalo # horn saklor # hornet akotakot # horse kabayo (Span.) # house abong # how pano # human being too # human beings totoo # hundred lasus # hunger eras # hungry narasan # husband asawa ==i== # I siak # ice yelo (Span.) # idea kaisipan, kanonotan # if no # ignorance agpikakabat # ignore ag-asikasoen # illness sakit # immature agataonan # immitate alig # impatient mapaga # impenitent agmansibkel # imperfect agnagnap # impossible agnayari # improve paabigen # incapable agmakasarag # incident agawa # incomprehensible agnatalosan # inconvenient agonnepeg # incubate lemlem # incurable agnatambal # industrious makuli # inexhaustible agnapotan # infallible agnalingo # inform pakabat # innumerable agnabilang # insert salet # inside loob # intolerant agmakapalabas # invalid agmakayari # invisible agnanengneng # irregular agmoksoy # island pulo # islet pugo # intestines pait # invite baga ==j== # jar pasig, boyog # jewels kidiam # job anapan # joy gayaga # judge okom # juice tabol # justice katonongan # jump lukso, kudtot, kugtot # jump off taboy ==k== # key tombok # kick sipa # kid ugaw # kill patas, patey # king ari # kingfisher tikkalak # kiss angob # kite baga baga # knee pueg # kneel talimokor # know amta, kabat ==l== # labor kimey # ladle aklo, balaok # large baleg # land dalin # lately agano-ni # laugh elek # laundry pesak # lawyer abogado # last utit # last year katantaon # laziness ngiras # lazy mangiras # leaf bulong # learn aral # leather katat # leave taynan # left (as in right and left) kawigi # leftover kera # leg bikking # length dukey # lest aglapiga # letter sulat # lick dilaan, dildil # lie (to tell a lie) tila (mantila) # lie down dokol # life bilay # light silew # light (antonym of heavy) anlemew # lightning kirmat # like labay, paknaan, gusto (Span.) # line gulis # link kabit, gawing # live (a life) bilay # live (e.g. in a place) ayam # liver altey # lip bibil # load lugan, libit # lock talak # locust doron # long andukey # look anap # look up akatangay # lose (a thing) abalang # lost abalang # Lord Katawan # louse (parasite of man) kuto # louse (parasite of dog) garapata # love aro, amayoen ==m== # majority karaklan # man laki # many dakel # mark bakat # master katawan # medicine tambal # melt tunaw, tunao # memorize patlep # men lalaki # mention bitla # mercy kasi # middle pegley # milk gatas # mince tartar # minute (as in small) melanting # mistake lingo # mistress bii # mix laok, mix # mole kamkampuyo # moon bulan # morning kabwasan # mosquito ageyet # mother ina # mound pogo # mountain palandey, bundok # mouse utot # mouth sangi # mud pitek # mysterious mapakelaw ==n== # nail pasak # name ngaran # nap lirep # navel puseg # neck beklew # needle dagom # nephew kaanakan ya laki # nest ubong # net iket # new balo # niece kaanakan ya bii # night labi # nine siammera # no andi # none anggapo # noon ugto, kagwan # north amianen, amian # nose eleng # nostalgia iliw # notice (announcement) pakabat # notice imano # now natan # nude labos-lakseb, labos ==o== # obey onor # October Oktubre (Span.) # often mabetbet, maslak # old daan, matakken # one sakey # open lukas # or odino # order gangan # other arom # overflow lepoa, salipoang # owe utang # owner makankien ==p== # painful (physical) manutot # pants pantalon (Span.) # pardon perdona (Span.) # parent ateng # patient (as in sick) agmakayari # peace kareenan # peak toktok # peel ubak, ukis # penis oten # permit abuloyan # pickle achara # pierce torok # pig baboy # piglet belek # place pasen # plant tanem # plate plato (Span.) # play (a music) togtog # play (e.g. a game) galaw # point turo # possession kaarian # practice pasal # praise dayew # pregnancy lokon # pretty marakep, magana # province luyag # pubic hair boldot # pull goyor # puppy uken # pure andi laok # push tulak # punch punite (Span.) ==q== # queen reyna (Span.) # question tepet # quickness peles ==r== # rain uran # reading babasaen # ready akaparaan # receive awat # recent agano-ni # recently agano-ni # recognize birbir # red ambalanga # reduce bawas # reject ag-akoen # release bolos # remove ekal # rent abang, upa # repair apiger # repeat olit # reply esel # residence panayaman # rest painawa # restless agmakareen # return pawel # reverse sener # rice stalk pagey # right (as in left and right) kawanan # right (as in correct) duga # rights katonongan # rite rito (Span.) # road dalan # roast kalot # roof atep # rooster lalong # root lamot # rope lubir # rotate telek, peyes # rotten abulok # round malimpek # run batek ==s== # sadness ermen # salt asin # salty maasin # sand buer # saw dait # scratch (verb) gugo, gorgor # scratch (noun) agulilis # scratch (noun) agurabis # sea dayat # search kosimat, anap, sukay # season panaon # seat yorongan # second kumadua # seed bokel # sense likas # seven pitora # seventh kumapito # share apag # sharp makdem # sharpen kayas # shepherd pastol (Span.) # shoulder abala # shoot (with gun) paltog # short (antonym of long) antikey # shout (e.g. because of anger) engal # shout (e.g. because of joy or pain) eyag # shy mabaing # sibling agi # siblings agagi # sickness enagem, sakit # side diking # similar singa # sin kasalanan # sing cancion (Span.) # sister agi-ya-bii # sit yorong # sit (on lap) akwal # six anemmera # sixth kumanem # skin baog, katat # sky tawen # sleep ugip # slow matantan # small melag # smile imis # smoke asiwek # smooth pino # snail bisokol # snake oleg # snow linew # so kanyan # soft malambot # some pigara # son anak ya laki # soul kamarerwa # sound tanol # sour anakseng # south abalaten # sow kaong # spicy anagasang # spider genggeng # spill ibung, kalbo # spit lukda # split (e.g. a fruit) pesag # spoon sirok # spring subol # squid pusit # stab saksak, doyok # stand alagey # star bitewen # steal takew # step gatin # stick (as in wood) bislak # stick (as in to stick) peket # stone bato # stop tunda # straight maptek # street lansangan # strength kasil, biskeg # strong maksil, mabiskeg # study aral # sugar masamit # sugarcane unas # summit toktok # sun agew, banua # surface tapew # swallow akmonen # sweep panis # sweet masamit # swelling larag # swim langoy # sword barang, espada (Span.) # Sunday Simba ==t== # table lamisaan # tail ikol # tall atagey # talk (verb) tongtong # talk (noun) tongtongan # taste taway # teach bangat # tear (e.g. a paper) pelat # ten samplora # that aman # there diman # they sikara, ra # thick makapal # thickness kapal # thief matakew # thigh ulpo # thin mabeng, mayapis, maimpis # think nonot # third kumatlo # this aya # thread tinebey # through panamegley # tight malet # tiny tingot # tired naksawan # those araman # three talora # thunder karol # tree kiew # think nonot # thirst paet # thirsty apaet # tie up singer # touch diwit # tomorrow nabuas # top tapew # tooth ngipen # towards mamaarap # trim gepeng # true tua # try sali # twenty dwamplo # two duwara, dua # typhoon bagyo ==u== # unbelief agpananisia # umbrella payong # unblemished ag-amansaan # unchangeable agmangoman # uncountable agnabilang # undefiled ag-amansaan # under dalem # understand talos # unfaithful agmananoor # unfair agmatunong # unfold buskag # ungodly agmaridios # uninjured agnaano # unnecessary agnakaukulan # unripe (as in fruit) maeta # unsuccessful agapalaran # unusual ag-ononglawas # unwelcome (cannot be received) agnaawat # urinate sirit ==v== # vegetables pising # vest chaleco (Span.) # vomit uta # vulva pipit, bao ==w== # wait alagar # wake up bangon, liing # walk akar, korang # wash oras # wash (e.g. clothing) pesak # watch out talaranan # water (e.g. plant) salog # wave (e.g. in sea) daluyon # wave payapay # way dalan # we sikami # weak makapoy # web sapet # welcome maong a insabi # wellness abig # west sagor # wet ambasa # what anto # when kapigan # where iner # white amputi # who siopa # width lapar, awang # wide malapar, maawang # will linawa # win manalo # wind dagem # wing payak # witness imaton, tasi # woman bii # women bibii # woo (e.g. a girl) karaw # word salita # worm biges, alumbayar # worry aburido (Span.) # wrong aliwa ==x== ==y== # year taon # yellow duyaw # yes e, on # yesterday karuman # you sika, ka, sikayo, kayo # youth kalangweran ==z== Luyag na Pangasinan 53 1065 2006-10-14T00:20:26Z Arikasikis 11 Nengneng met so: [[Pangasinan|Pangasinan (panpalinewan)]] [[Luyag na Pangasinan|Pangasinan]], o [[Luyag na Pangasinan]] (English: Province of Pangasinan), so sakey ya luyag na [[Filipinas|Republika na Filipinas]]. Say ''capital'' to et [[Lingayen, Pangasinan|Lingayen]]. Say Pangasinan so nipasen ed sagor na pulo na [[Luzon]]. Say sukat na dalin na [[Pangasinan]] et 5,368.82 square kilometer. Say bilang na totoo ed [[Pangasinan]] et 2,434,086. (National Statistics Office, 2000 Census). Say [[salitan Pangasinan]] so kumasakey ya salita ed luyag na Pangasinan. Say ngaran ya [[Pangasinan]] so labay ton ibaga ''dalin na asin'' o ''pasen na gawaan na asin'', ya nanlapu ed lamot na salita ya ''asin''. Nen saman, wala'y daan ya panarian ya atawag na Luyag na [[Pangasinan]]. Si Princesa Urduja, sakey ya biin mibabakal, so panisiaan ya nan-oley ed Pangasinan nen 14th siglo o kumalabinapat ya lasus ya taon. Say [[Pangasinan]] so bantog lapu ed say Hundred Islands National Park tan saray mararakep ya baybay to. Say [[Pangasinan]] so nakakabat ya inianakan nen Pangulo Fidel V. Ramos tan si Speaker Jose de Venecia. Si ina nen Pangulo Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo so inianak ed [[Binalonan, Pangasinan]]. Say 1200 megawatt Sual Coal-Fired Power Plant, tan say 345 megawatt San Roque Multi-Purpose Dam so nipasen ed [[Pangasinan]]. {{Infobox Philippine province | infoboxtitle = Province of Pangasinan | sealfile = [[Image:Ph_seal_pangasinan.png]] | region = [[Ilocos Region]] (Region I) | capital = [[Lingayen, Pangasinan|Lingayen]] | founded = [[1578]] | pop2000 = 2,434,086 | pop2000rank = 3rd largest | popden2000 = 453 | popden2000rank= 8th highest | areakm2 = 5,368.2 | arearank = 15th largest | hucities = 0 | componentcities=4 | municipalities= 44 | barangays = 1,364 | districts = 6 | languages = [[Pangasinan language|Pangasinan]], [[Ilokano language|Ilokano]], [[Bolinao language|Bolinao ]] | governor = Victor Aguedo E. Agbayani | locatormapfile= [[Image:Ph_locator_map_pangasinan.png]] | }} =History= ==Prehistory== Say balon totoo o Homo sapiens so sinmabi ed ''Malay archipelago'' o kapuloan Malay nen imbeneg a 50,000 a taon. Arayan balon totoo so panisiaan ya nanlapu ed Africa. =Salitan Austronesian= Say salitan Austronesian so kabat a nanlapu ed Taiwan o dia ed dalin Sunda ed Southeast Asia, sakey a baleg a dalin nen abayag lan panaon a akapeket ed dalin na Asia. Balet, nen abayag lan panaon, say dalin Sunda so adelap. Say atilak ed dalin na Sunda so saray kapuloan Malay o ''Malay archipelago''. Saray totoo a managsalita na salitan Austronesian tan saray ilalak da a Malayo-Polynesian so tinmayak ed kapuloan Malay tan saray arom ya kapuloan ed dayat Pacific tan dayat Indian, pati angga ed pulo Easter o ''Easter Island'' tan pulo Madagascar. Saray Malayo-Polynesian so akasabi met ed Australia nen saman. Arawi so asabi na saray Malayo-Polynesian ta marunong ira a ondayat tan lapu ed pandayat a baloto, bangka, o parao da. Nayari a say parao da et asabi to pati Egypt, amay dalin na Pharaoh, tan Sumer nen saman lan panaon. Princesa Urduja tan Luyag na Kaboloan Ferdinand Magellan Sinmabi si Ferdinand Magellan ed [[Filipinas]] nen [[1521]]. Nen Abril 27, 1565, say ''conquistador'' (managsakop) na Espana a si Miguel Lopez de Legazpi so sinmabi ed Cebu. Nen 1571, ingapu na Espana so pansakop ed Pangasinan. Nen 1580, say Pangasinan so asakop la insan ginawan Alcadia Mayor na Governador a Espanol ed Filipinas. Say Panarian na Pangasinan Nen Deciembre 1660, si [[Andres Malong]] so ginawan ari ed Panarian na Pangasinan nen tinalo da ray Kastila. Nen Noviembre 3, 1762, si Juan de la Cruz [[Palaris]] akilaban ed saray Kastila. In-proklama na totoon Pangasinan so ''independence'' na Pangasinan. '''Location''' [[Image:Ph_locator_map_pangasinan.png]] =Kultura (Culture)= Say kultura na [[Pangasinan]] so karaklan a laok na Malayo-Polynesian, Kastila, tan American, a alaokan met na Hindu, tan Insik. Natan, say Pangasinan so maslak a ''westernized'' la. Totoo Saray totoo ed Pangasinan et tatawagen na Pangasinan, Pangasinense, o taga Pangasinan. Saray arom a totoo ed Pangasinan et saray Ilocano, Bolinao, tan Tagalog. Saray Pangasinan so Malay o Malayan, singa saray arom a totoo ed kapuloan na kapuloan Malay o ''Malay archipelago''. Saray totoo ed Pangasinan so mikanayon ed saray Polynesian ed kapuloan na dayat Pacific, saray totoo a Formosan ed Taiwan, saray Cham ed Vietnam tan Kampuchea, saray Malagasy ed Madagascar, tan nayarin walay arawin pikanayon da ed saray Ainu ed Japan. Saray kabkabat a totoon nanlapu ed Pangasinan, si Pangulo Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo; datin Pangulo Fidel V. Ramos; Speaker Jose de Venecia, Jr.; tan si Fernando Poe, Jr. Salita Say salitan Pangasinan so sakey a sanga na salitan Malayo-Polynesian a sanga na salitan Austronesian. Say salitan Pangasinan so asingger a kanayon na salitan Ibaloi ed luyag na Benguet tan baley na Baguio. Saray salitan Pangasinic: * Pangasinan * Ibaloi * Karao * I-wak * Kalanguya * Keley-I * Kallahan * Kayapa * Tinoc Saraya so arom a salitan Pangasinic so salita ed luyag na Benguet, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, tan Ifugao. Say salitan Pangasinan so sakey a salitan ''agglutinative'' (nanpepeket). Nayarin say salitan Pangasinan so walay pikanayon to ed salitan Sumerian, amay salita nen saman ed dalin na Sumer ed Mesopotamia, natan diman ed Iraq. =Baley= *[[Agno, Pangasinan|Agno]] *[[Aguilar, Pangasinan|Aguilar]] *[[Alcala, Pangasinan|Alcala]] *[[Anda, Pangasinan|Anda]] *[[Asingan, Pangasinan|Asingan]] *[[Balungao, Pangasinan|Balungao]] *[[Bani, Pangasinan|Bani]] *[[Basista, Pangasinan|Basista]] *[[Bautista, Pangasinan|Bautista]] *[[Bayambang, Pangasinan|Bayambang]] *[[Binalonan, Pangasinan|Binalonan]] *[[Binmaley, Pangasinan|Binmaley]] *[[Bolinao, Pangasinan|Bolinao]] *[[Bugallon, Pangasinan|Bugallon]] *[[Burgos, Pangasinan|Burgos]] *[[Calasiao, Pangasinan|Calasiao]] *[[Dasol, Pangasinan|Dasol]] *[[Infanta, Pangasinan|Infanta]] *[[Labrador, Pangasinan|Labrador]] *[[Laoac, Pangasinan|Laoac]] *[[Lingayen, Pangasinan|Lingayen]] *[[Mabini, Pangasinan|Mabini]] *[[Malasiqui, Pangasinan|Malasiqui]] *[[Manaoag, Pangasinan|Manaoag]] *[[Mangaldan, Pangasinan|Mangaldan]] *[[Mangatarem, Pangasinan|Mangatarem]] *[[Mapandan, Pangasinan|Mapandan]] *[[Natividad, Pangasinan|Natividad]] *[[Pozzorubio, Pangasinan|Pozzorubio]] *[[Rosales, Pangasinan|Rosales]] *[[San Fabian, Pangasinan|San Fabian]] *[[San Jacinto, Pangasinan|San Jacinto]] *[[San Manuel, Pangasinan|San Manuel]] *[[San Nicolas, Pangasinan|San Nicolas]] *[[San Quintin, Pangasinan|San Quintin]] *[[Santa Barbara, Pangasinan|Santa Barbara]] *[[Santa Maria, Pangasinan|Santa Maria]] *[[Santo Tomas, Pangasinan|Santo Tomas]] *[[Sison, Pangasinan|Sison]] *[[Sual, Pangasinan|Sual]] *[[Tayug, Pangasinan|Tayug]] *[[Umingan, Pangasinan|Umingan]] *[[Urbiztondo, Pangasinan|Urbiztondo]] *[[Villasis, Pangasinan|Villasis]] [[Image:saltfarm.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Commercial Salt Industry in [[Dasol]].]] =Siyudad= *[[Alaminos City]] *[[Urdaneta City]] *[[Dagupan City]] *[[San Carlos City, Pangasinan|San Carlos City]] ==Dadalawen== ===Hundred Islands=== Say [[Hundred Islands National Park]], dia ed baybay na Brgy. Lucap ed [[Alaminos City]], so 123 a kapuloan ed [[Lingayen Gulf]]. ===Nuestra Senora de Manaoag=== Say Nuestra Senora de Manaoag ===Arom a bantog a dadalawen=== * Bonuan Blue Beach in Dagupan * White Beach in San Fabian * Cape Bolinao Beach in Bolinao * Tambobong White Beach in Dasol * Tondol Beach in Anda * Antong Falls in Sison * Cacupangan Cave in Mabini * Mount Balungao in Balungao * Manleluag Spring National Park in Mangatarem * Sanctuario de Senor Divino Tesoro in Calasiao * Salasa Church in Bugallon * Urduja House in Lingayen * Lingayen Gulf War Museum in Lingayen * Bolinao Museum in Bolinao * Narciso Ramos Sports and Civic Center in Lingayen * Oceanographic Marine Laboratory in Alaminos ==Nengneng met== * [[Salitan Pangasinan|Salitan Pangasinan]] * [[Totoon Pangasinan|Totoon Pangasinan]] * [[Pangibalikasan na English - Pangasinan|Pangibalikasan na English - Pangasinan]] * [[Panngibalikasan na Pangasinan - English|Pangibalikasan na Pangasinan - English]] * [[Filipinas|Filipinas]] * [[Asin|Asin]] * [[Bagoon|Bagoong]] * [[Bangus|Bangus]] * [[Fidel V. Ramos|Fidel V. Ramos]] * [[Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo|Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo]] * [[Fernando Poe, Jr.|Fernando Poe, Jr.]] * [[Jose de Venecia, Jr.|Jose de Venecia, Jr.]] * [[Victor Aguedo E. Agbayani|Victor Aguedo E. Agbayani]] ==Saray nipaway ya kawing== * [http://www.pangasinan.gov.ph Official Website of the Provincial Government of Pangasinan] * [http://www.kingfisher.edu.ph Kingfisher School of Business and Finance] * [http://www.dalityapi.com Pangasinan: Preservation and Revitalization of the Pangasinan Language and Literature] * [http://punch.dagupan.com Sunday Punch] * [http://www.sunstar.com.ph/pangasinan Sun Star Pangasinan] * [http://pangasinanstar.prepys.com Pangasinan Star Online] * [http://www.bansa.org Bansa.org] * [http://www.borobudurshipexpedition.com/index.htm Borobudur Ship Expedition] * [http://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Test-wp/pag Pangasinan Test Wikipedia] {{Pangasinan}} {{Luzon lateral}} [[Category:Provinces of the Philippines]] [[ceb:Pangasinan]] [[de:Pangasinan]] [[ilo:Pangasinan]] [[nl:Pangasinan]] [[ja:パンガシナン州]] [[no:Pangasinan]] [[pam:Pangasinan]] [[tl:Pangasinan]] Magasin 54 573 2006-10-02T13:14:23Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Magasin]] moved to [[Magasin]] Dakdakel lay magasin balet anggapo niy magasin ya akasulat ed Pangasinan. Matematiks 55 912 2006-10-06T01:20:33Z Escarbot 14 robot Adding: [[ba:Математика]] * [[Numero]] * [[Aritmetik]] * [[Algebra]] * [[Geometry]] * [[Trigonometry]] * [[Calculus]] [[af:Wiskunde]] [[an:Matematicas]] [[ar:رياضيات]] [[ast:Matemátiques]] [[az:Riyaziyyat]] [[ba:Математика]] [[be:Матэматыка]] [[bg:Математика]] [[bn:গণিত]] [[br:Matematikoù]] [[bs:Matematika]] [[ca:Matemàtiques]] [[ceb:Matematika]] [[co:Matematica]] [[cs:Matematika]] [[csb:Matematika]] [[cy:Mathemateg]] [[da:Matematik]] [[de:Mathematik]] [[diq:Matematik]] [[el:Μαθηματικά]] [[en:Mathematics]] [[eo:Matematiko]] [[es:Matemática]] [[et:Matemaatika]] [[eu:Matematika]] [[fa:ریاضیات]] [[fi:Matematiikka]] [[fiu-vro:Matõmaatiga]] [[fo:Støddfrøði]] [[fr:Mathématiques]] [[fur:Matematiche]] [[fy:Wiskunde]] [[ga:Matamaitic]] [[gd:Matamataigs]] [[gl:Matemáticas]] [[gu:ગણિત]] [[gv:Maddaght]] [[he:מתמטיקה]] [[hr:Matematika]] [[hu:Matematika]] [[ia:Mathematica]] [[id:Matematika]] [[ie:Matematica]] [[io:Matematiko]] [[is:Stærðfræði]] [[it:Matematica]] [[ja:数学]] [[jbo:cmaci]] [[ka:მათემატიკა]] [[km:គណិតសាស្ត្រ]] [[ko:수학]] [[ky:Математика]] [[la:Mathematica]] [[lad:Matematika]] [[lb:Mathematik]] [[li:Mathematik]] [[lmo:Matemàtega]] [[lt:Matematika]] [[lv:Matemātika]] [[mk:Математика]] [[ms:Matematik]] [[nah:Tlapōhuayōtl]] [[nds:Mathematik]] [[nds-nl:Wiskunde]] [[nl:Wiskunde]] [[nn:Matematikk]] [[no:Matematikk]] [[nrm:Caltchul]] [[oc:Matematicas]] [[pl:Matematyka]] [[ps:شمېر پوهنه]] [[pt:Matemática]] [[qu:Yupana]] [[ro:Matematică]] [[ru:Математика]] [[ru-sib:Математика]] [[sc:Matemàtica]] [[scn:Matimàtica]] [[sco:Mathematics]] [[simple:Mathematics]] [[sk:Matematika]] [[sl:Matematika]] [[sq:Matematika]] [[sr:Математика]] [[su:Matematika]] [[sv:Matematik]] [[sw:Hisabati]] [[ta:கணிதம்]] [[tet:Matemátika]] [[th:คณิตศาสตร์]] [[tl:Matematika]] [[tr:Matematik]] [[tt:Matematik]] [[ug:ماتېماتىكا]] [[uk:Математика]] [[uz:Matematika]] [[vec:Matematega]] [[vi:Toán học]] [[vo:Matematav]] [[wo:Xayma]] [[zh:数学]] [[zh-classical:數學]] [[zh-min-nan:Sò͘-ha̍k]] [[zh-yue:數學]] Media 56 577 2006-10-02T13:14:24Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Media]] moved to [[Media]] Internet Diaryo Telebishon Musik 57 764 2006-10-03T23:45:16Z Arikasikis 11 Say musik: sakey ya expression na too ya mangungusar ya tanol san silence. * [[Cancion ed Pangasinan]] Negosyo 58 581 2006-10-02T13:14:24Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Negosyo]] moved to [[Negosyo]] * [[Agro-Industrial]] * [[Trading]] * [[Bangko san Finance]] Nipaakar ed Antropoji 59 583 2006-10-02T13:14:24Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Nipaakar ed Antropoji]] moved to [[Nipaakar ed Antropoji]] History na Too Nipaakar ed Parte na Laman 60 776 2006-10-04T00:10:37Z Arikasikis 11 [[Olo]] [[Puso]] [[Mata]] [[Altey]] Nipaakar ed Talaman 61 587 2006-10-02T13:14:24Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Nipaakar ed Talaman]] moved to [[Nipaakar ed Talaman]] * [[Dika]] * [[Lomboy]] * [[Mangga]] * [[Mais]] * [[Niog]] * [[Pantol]] * [[Punti]] * [[Unas]] Painting 62 589 2006-10-02T13:14:24Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Painting]] moved to [[Painting]] Michelangelo Rembrandt Van Gogh Pananisia 63 591 2006-10-02T13:14:24Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Pananisia]] moved to [[Pananisia]] * [[Biblia]] * [[Dasal]] * [[Rito]] * [[Kankanta]] * [[Bilay na Saray Santo]] * [[Arom ran Reliyon]] Panaon san Klima 64 593 2006-10-02T13:14:25Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Panaon san Klima]] moved to [[Panaon san Klima]] Tiagew Panaon na Uran Paul Cézanne 65 731 2006-10-03T17:37:29Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:Paul Cezanne.jpg|150px|thumb|Self portrait]] Sakey ya French artist ya painter (Post-impressinist) si Paul Cézanne (Enero 19, 1839 – Octobre 22, 1906). Say trabaho to so foundation ya taytay ya mansusuldong na 19th Century kanunotan nipaakar ed art san say kanunuton ed 20th century. [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] [[ar:بول سيزان]] [[bg:Пол Сезан]] [[ca:Paul Cézanne]] [[cs:Paul Cézanne]] [[da:Paul Cézanne]] [[de:Paul Cézanne]] [[en:Paul Cézanne]] [[et:Paul Cézanne]] [[el:Πωλ Σεζάν]] [[es:Paul Cézanne]] [[eo:Paul Cézanne]] [[fr:Paul Cézanne]] [[fy:Paul Cézanne]] [[ko:폴 세잔]] [[hr:Paul Cézanne]] [[io:Paul Cézanne]] [[ilo:Paul Cézanne]] [[id:Paul Cézanne]] [[is:Paul Cézanne]] [[it:Paul Cézanne]] [[he:פול סזאן]] [[ka:სეზანი, პოლ]] [[lb:Paul Cézanne]] [[lt:Polis Sezanas]] [[li:Paul Cézanne]] [[mk:Пол Сезан]] [[nl:Paul Cézanne]] [[ja:ポール・セザンヌ]] [[no:Paul Cézanne]] [[oc:Paul Cézanne]] [[nds:Paul Cézanne]] [[pl:Paul Cézanne]] [[pt:Paul Cézanne]] [[ro:Paul Cézanne]] [[ru:Сезанн, Поль]] [[scn:Paul Cézanne]] [[sk:Paul Cézanne]] [[sr:Пол Сезан]] [[sh:Paul Cézanne]] [[fi:Paul Cézanne]] [[sv:Paul Cézanne]] [[tr:Paul Cézanne]] [[uk:Сезан Поль]] [[zh:保罗·塞尚]] Philosofi 66 597 2006-10-02T13:14:25Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Philosofi]] moved to [[Philosofi]] Sakey ya field na study so Philosofi ya nipakar ed aesthetics, logic, ethics, san metaphysics. Phisiks 67 599 2006-10-02T13:14:25Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Phisiks]] moved to [[Phisiks]] Newton's Law na Motion Quantum Mechanics General Theory na Relativity Pop 68 601 2006-10-02T13:14:25Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Pop]] moved to [[Pop]] Say pop odino pop music: sakey ya genre na popular music ya duma ed classical music san folk music. Radio 69 603 2006-10-02T13:14:25Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Radio]] moved to [[Radio]] Say radio: sakey appliance ed abong ya uusarin umpian makarengel na musika, balikas, o drama. Republik 70 605 2006-10-02T13:14:25Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Republik]] moved to [[Republik]] Republika na Pilipinas Republika na Indonesia People's Republik na Tsina Salita 71 607 2006-10-02T13:14:25Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Salita]] moved to [[Salita]] Sakey ya sisteman signal so salita ya mangungusar ya boses, sulat odino gestures. Salitan Pangasinan 72 1216 2006-10-17T07:50:18Z 202.57.77.27 /* External links */ Nengneng yo met: [[Pangasinan]] Nengneng yo met: [[Listaan na Salitan English]] ''Salitan Pangasinan'' Say [[salitan Pangasinan]] so sakey ya [[Saray salitan Malayo Polynesia|salitan Malayo-Polynesian]] ya sanga na boleg ya [[salitan Austronesian]]. Onsulok ya 1 milyon so mansasalita na say salitan Pangasinan. Naananap ed luyag na Pangasinan, tan naanap ed bansa na Filipinas, so saray karaklan na makapansalita na sayan salita. Balet wala met ray naanap ya makapansalita na Pangasinan ed luyag na [[La Union]], [[Tarlac]], [[Zambales]], tan diad [[Metro Manila]], diad parehas ya bansa. Aga labat ed [[Filipinas]], naanap ray makapansalita na Pangasinan, wala met makapansalita ed arom na bansa ya singa ed [[United States]]. Pangasinan so sankarekelan ya uusarin ya salita ed luyag na [[Pangasinan]], ya naanap ed pulo na [[Luzon]] tan gilig na [[Lingayen Gulf]]. Say salitan Pangasinan so sakey ya sankabalegan ya salita ed [[Filipinas]]. Say amin ya totoo ed [[luyag na Pangasinan]] so 2,434,086 (National Statistics Office: 2000 Census). Dia ed amin ya toto to ya, walay 1.5 million so makapansalita na Pangasinan. Say sakey ya tawag ed salitan Pangasinan: * ''Pangasinense'', a-Kastilan ngaran na Pangasinan. '''Etymology of Pangasinan''' * "gawaan na asin" odino "dalin ya panlalapuan na asin" odino "asinan" so pinanlapuan na salitan ''Pangasinan''. * "pananginan na asin" so sakey nen meaning na ''pangasinan''. sakey yan ceramic jar ya uusaren da umpian pananginan na asin odino panangan ya inasinan. ==History== Andukey so history na Pangasinan kumpara ed arom ya grupo ed Pilipinas. Nen 10th century, akabisita laray lider na Pangasinan ed [[China]]. Balo nira aka-bisita ed China ed saman ya panaon, wala lay trade na nagagawa diad pegley na Pangasinan san China san [[Japan]]. Lapod sayan record, sakey so Pangasinan ya sankadaanan ya kultura ed Pilipinas. Balo ni simmabi ray [[Kastila]] ed Pangasinan, wala lay sisteman panagsulat daray totoon Pangasinan. Sakey yan klase na alibata. Balet duma ya daiset ed alibata na saray taga-Java na [[Indonesia]] san saray [[Tagalog]]. Ginapuan labat so panag-usar na alpabeton Latin, nen sinmabi ray Kastila ed Pangasinan. Natan, alpabeton Latin la so uusarin na saray totoo ed Pangasinan. Dakel ya produkto ya simbulo na [[Filipinas]], nanlapo ed kultura na Pangasinan. Say [[Sayaw ed Tapew na Bangko]], odino say panangan na inasin; saraya nanlapo ed Pangasinan. Dakel sa produkto na Pangasinan ya say nonot na saray arom, Sounds Features ==Grammar== ===Pronouns=== {| border="1" cellpadding="2" !  !Absolutive Independent !Absolutive Enclitic !Ergative !Oblique |- |'''1st person singular''' |siák | ak | -k(o) |ed siak |- |'''1st person dual''' |sikatá | ita, ta | -ta |ed sikata |- |'''2nd person singular''' |siká | ka | -m(o) |ed sika |- |'''3rd person singular''' |sikató | - , -a | to |ed sikato |- |'''1st person plural inclusive''' |sikatayó | itayo, tayo | -tayo |ed sikatayo |- |'''1st person plural exclusive''' |sikamí | kamí | mi |ed sikami |- |'''2nd person plural''' |sikayó |kayó |yo |ed sikayo |- |'''3rd person plural''' |sikara |ira, ra |da |ed sikara |} ===Numero=== Say untombok, say numero ed Pangasinan anggad samplura. 1 sakey 2 dwara 3 talora 4 apatera 5 limara 6 animmera 7 pitora 8 walora 9 siamera 10 samplora ''Tongtong'': Pangasinan Stories ''Uliran'': Pangasinan Myths and Legends ''Togtog'': Pangasinan Songs and Music ''Diparan'': Pangasinan Sayings and Proverbs ''Pabitla'': Pangasinan Riddles Sakey ya kansion na Pangasinan '''''Malinak Lay Labi''''' ''Malinak lay Labi'' ''Oras la'y mareen'' ''Mapalpalna'y dagem'' ''Katekep to'y linaew'' ''Samit da'y kugip ko'' ''Binangonan kon tampol'' ''Lapu'd say limgas mo'' ''Sikan sika'y amamayoen'' ''Lalo la bilay'' ''No sika la'y nanengneng'' ''Napunas lan amin'' ''So ermen ya akbibiten'' ''No nanonotan'' ''Ko la'y samit day ugalim'' ''Ag ta ka nalingwanan'' ''Angga'd kauyos na bilay'' Listaan na apilin salita ed English '''English - Pangasinan''' # I - siak, ak # you (singular) - sika, ka # he - sikato (he/she), to # we - sikami, kami, mi, sikatayo, tayo, sikata, ta # you (plural) - sikayo, kayo, yo # they - sikara, ra # this - aya # that - aman, atan # here - dia # there - diman, ditan # who - siopa, opa, si # what - anto, a # where - iner # when - kapigan, pigan # how - pano, panon # not - ag, andi, aleg, aliwa # all - amin # many - amayamay, dakel # some - pigara # few - daiset # other - arom # one - isa, sakey # two - dua, duara # three - talo, talora # four - apat, apatira # five - lima, limara # big - baleg # long - andokey # wide - maawang, malapar # thick - makapal # heavy - ambelat # small - melag, melanting, tingot, daiset # short - melag, melanting, tingot, antikey, kulang, abeba # narrow - mainget # thin - mabeng, maimpis # woman - bii # man (adult male) - laki, bolog # man (human being) - too # child - ogaw, anak # wife - asawa, kaamong, akolaw # husband - asawa, kaamong, masiken # mother - ina # father - ama # animal - ayep # fish - sira # bird - manok, siwsiw # dog - aso # louse - kuto # snake - oleg # worm - biges, alumbayar # tree - kiew, tanem # forest - kakiewan, katakelan # stick - bislak, sanga # fruit - bunga # seed - bokel # leaf - bulong # root - lamot # bark - obak # flower - bulaklak # grass - dika # rope - singer, lubir # skin - baog, katat # meat - laman # blood - dala # bone - pokel # fat (n.) - mataba, taba # egg - iknol # horn - saklor # tail - ikol # feather - bago # hair - buek # head - ulo # ear - layag # eye - mata # nose - eleng # mouth - sangi # tooth - ngipen # tongue - dila # fingernail - kuko # foot - sali # leg - bikking # knee - pueg # hand - lima # wing - payak # belly - eges # guts - pait # neck - beklew # back - beneg # breast - pagew, suso # heart - puso # liver - altey # drink - inom # eat - mangan, akan, kamot # bite - ketket # suck - supsup, suso # spit - lutda # vomit - uta # blow - sibok # breathe - engas, ingas, dongap, linawa # laugh - elek # see - nengneng # hear - dengel # know - amta, kabat # think - isip, nonot # smell - angob, amoy # fear - takot # sleep - ogip # live - bilay # die - onpatey, patey # kill - manpatey, patey # fight - laban, kolkol, bakal # hunt - managnop, anop, manpana, pana, manpaltog, paltog # hit - tira, nakna, pekpek # cut - tegteg, sugat # split - pisag, puter # stab - saksak, doyok # scratch - gugo, gorgor # dig - kotkot # swim - langoy # fly (v.) - tekyab # walk - akar # come - gala, gali, onsabi, sabi # lie - dokol (lie down) # sit - yorong # stand - alagey # turn - liko, telek # fall - pelag # give - iter, itdan # hold - benben # squeeze - pespes # rub - kuskos, gorgor # wash - oras # wipe - punas # pull - goyor # push - tolak # throw - topak # tie - singer # sew - dait # count - bilang # say - ibaga # sing - togtog # play - galaw # float - letaw # flow - agos # freeze - kigtel # swell - larag # sun - agew, banua, ugto (noon) # moon - bulan # star - bitewen # water - danum # rain - uran # river - ilog, kalayan # lake - ilog, look # sea - dayat # salt - asin # stone - bato # sand - buer # dust - dabok # earth - dalin # cloud - lorem # fog - kelpa # sky - tawen # wind - dagem # snow - linew # ice - pakigtel # smoke - asiwek, asewek # fire - apoy, pool, dalang, sinit # ashes - dapol # burn - pool # road - dalan, basbas # mountain - palandey # red - ambalanga # green - ampasiseng, pasiseng, maeta, eta # yellow - duyaw # white - amputi, puti # black - andeket, deket # night - labi # day - agew # year - taon # warm - ampetang, petang # cold - ambetel, betel # full - naksel, napno # new - balo # old - daan # good - duga, maong, abig # bad - aliwa, mauges # rotten - abolok, bolok # dirty - maringot, dingot, marutak, dutak # straight - maptek, petek # round - malimpek, limpek # sharp - matdem, tarem # dull - mangmang, epel # smooth - patad # wet - ambasa, basa # dry - amaga, maga # correct - duga, tua # near - asinger, abay # far - arawi, biek (other side) # right - kawanan # left - kawigi # at - ed # in - ed # with - iba # and - tan # if - no # because - ta, lapu ed # name - ngaran ==Dictionaries san References== Listaan na dictionary san nabasan libro nipakar ed Pangasinan. Lorenzo Fernandez Cosgaya. Diccionario Pangasinan-Espanol'' and ''Vocabulario Hispano-Pangasinan (Colegio de Santo Tomas, 1865). This is available in the Internet at the University of Michigan's Humanities Text Initiative. Anastacio Austria Macaraeg. Vocabulario Castellano-Pangasinan (1898). Mariano Pellicer. Arte de la Lengua Pangasinan o Caboloan (1904). Felixberto B. Viray. The Sounds and Sound Symbols of the Pangasinan Language (1927). Corporacion de PP. Dominicos. Pasion Na Cataoan Tin JesuChristo (U.S.T. Press, 1951). Paciencia E. Versoza. Stress and Intonation Difficulties of Pangasinan Learners of English (1961). Paul Morris Schachter. A Contrastive Analysis of English and Pangasinan (1968). Richard A. Benton. Pangasinan Dictionary (University of Hawaii Press, 1971). Richard A. Benton. Pangasinan Reference Grammar (University of Hawaii Press, 1971). Richard A. Benton. Spoken Pangasinan (University of Hawaii Press, 1971). Richard A. Benton. Phonotactics of Pangasinan (1972). Ernesto Constantino. English-Pangasinan Dictionary (1975). Julio F. Silverio. New English-Pilipino-Pangasinan Dictionary (1976). Alta Grace Q. Garcia. Morphological Analysis of English and Pangasinan Verbs (1981). Philippine Bible Society. Say Santa Biblia (Philippine Bible Society, 1982). Philippine Bible Society. Maung A Balita Para Sayan Panaon Tayo (Philippine Bible Society and United Bible Societies, 1983). Mario "Guese" Tungol. Modern English-Filipino Dictionary (Merriam Webster, 1993). Church of Christ. Say Cancanta (Church of Christ, n.d.). Translations of English songs like "Joy to the World," and "What A Friend We Have in Jesus" are included. A favorite traditional folk song of Pangasinan is ''Malinak Lay Labi'', which is translated "Calm is the Night." An English translation of this song can be found in the Internet along with some Pangasinan poems and literature. ==See also== * [[Pangasinan]] * [[Saray arom ran salita ed Filipinas]] * [[Salitan Tagalog]] * [[Salitan Ilokano]] * [[Salitan Cebuano]] * [[Salitan Kapampangan]] * [[Salitan Chabacano]] * [[Salitan Malayo-Polynesian]] * [[Salitan Sumerian]] * [[Listaan ya Swadesh]] ==External links== * [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=pag Ethnologue Report for Pangasinan] * [http://www.kingfisher.edu.ph Kingfisher School of Business and Finance] * [http://www.dalityapi.com/mambo/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=223 Basic description of Pangasinan language history and grammar] * [http://punch.dagupan.com Sunday Punch] * [http://www.sunstar.com.ph/pangasinan Sun Star Pangasinan] * [http://pangasinanstar.prepys.com Pangasinan Star] * [http://www.bansa.org Bansa.org] * [http://language.psy.auckland.ac.nz/austronesian/ Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database] * [http://pangasinanblog.blogspot.com Pangasinan Blog] ==Further reading== Lorenzo Fernandez Cosgaya. Diccionario Pangasinan-Espanol'' and ''Vocabulario Hispano-Pangasinan (Colegio de Santo Tomas, 1865). This is available in the Internet at the University of Michigan's Humanities Text Initiative. Anastacio Austria Macaraeg. Vocabulario Castellano-Pangasinan (1898). Mariano Pellicer. Arte de la Lengua Pangasinan o Caboloan (1904). Felixberto B. Viray. The Sounds and Sound Symbols of the Pangasinan Language (1927). Paciencia E. Versoza. Stress and Intonation Difficulties of Pangasinan Learners of English (1961). Paul Morris Schachter. A Contrastive Analysis of English and Pangasinan (1968). Richard A. Benton. Pangasinan Dictionary (University of Hawaii Press, 1971). Richard A. Benton. Pangasinan Reference Grammar (University of Hawaii Press, 1971). Richard A. Benton. Spoken Pangasinan (University of Hawaii Press, 1971). Richard A. Benton. Phonotactics of Pangasinan (1972). Ernesto Constantino. English-Pangasinan Dictionary (1975). Julio F. Silverio. New English-Pilipino-Pangasinan Dictionary (1976). Alta Grace Q. Garcia. Morphological Analysis of English and Pangasinan Verbs (1981). Mario "Guese" Tungol. Modern English-Filipino Dictionary (Merriam Webster, 1993). [[Category:Languages of the Philippines]] [[Category:Austronesian languages]] [[nl:Pangasinan]] [[no:Pangasinan]] [[de:Pangasinan]] [[ja:パンガシナン州]] [[en:Pangasinan]] [[tl:Pangasinan]] [[ilo:Pagsasao a Pangasinense]] Salvador Dalí 73 1075 2006-10-14T18:39:41Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:Salvador_Dal%C3%AD_1954.jpg|150px|thumb|Litrato nen Dalí]] Sakey ya [[Surealist]] si Salvador Dali. Taga [[Espanya]]. Kabat si Dali ya manpi-pintor na natutunaw ran orasan. [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] [[ar:سلفادور دالي]] [[bg:Салвадор Дали]] [[bs:Salvador Dali]] [[ca:Salvador Dalí i Domènech]] [[cs:Salvador Dalí]] [[de:Salvador Dalí]] [[el:Σαλβαδόρ Νταλί]] [[en:Salvador Dalí]] [[eo:Salvador Dalí]] [[es:Salvador Dalí]] [[fi:Salvador Dalí]] [[fr:Salvador Dalí]] [[gl:Salvador Dalí]] [[he:סלבדור דאלי]] [[hr:Salvador Dali]] [[hu:Salvador Dalí]] [[hy:Սալվադոր Դալի]] [[id:Salvador Dalí]] [[io:Salvador Dalí]] [[it:Salvador Dalí]] [[ja:サルバドール・ダリ]] [[ka:დალი, სალვადორ]] [[la:Salvatorius Dalí]] [[lb:Salvador Dalí]] [[mk:Салвадор Дали]] [[nds:Salvador Dali]] [[nl:Salvador Dalí]] [[no:Salvador Dalí]] [[oc:Salvador Dalí]] [[pl:Salvador Dalí]] [[pt:Salvador Dalí]] [[ro:Salvador Dalí]] [[ru:Дали, Сальвадор]] [[scn:Salvador Dalí]] [[sk:Salvador Dalí]] [[sl:Salvador Dali]] [[sq:Salvador Dalí]] [[sr:Салвадор Дали]] [[sv:Salvador Dalí]] [[th:ซัลวาดอร์ ดาลี]] [[tr:Salvador Dalí]] [[uk:Далі Сальвадор]] [[zh:萨尔瓦多·达利]] Sayaw 74 613 2006-10-02T13:14:25Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Sayaw]] moved to [[Sayaw]] '''Sayaw''' ==Sayaw na Pangasinan== * [[Binasuan]] * [[Sayaw ed Tapew na Bangko]] * [[Wasiwas]] ==Sayaw na Kastila== * [[Flamenco]] ==Sayaw na Hapon== * [[Bon Odori]] Sculpture 75 615 2006-10-02T13:14:25Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Sculpture]] moved to [[Sculpture]] Abueva Gaugin Season 76 617 2006-10-02T13:14:25Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Season]] moved to [[Season]] Walay dwaran season ed Pangasinan: season na petang san season na uran. Season na Petang 77 619 2006-10-02T13:14:25Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Season na Petang]] moved to [[Season na Petang]] Say season na petang so sakey ya season ed tropics. Aya may panaon ya anggapoy uran. Lapor anggapoy uran, ampetang ed sayan panaon. Season na Uran 78 621 2006-10-02T13:14:25Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Season na Uran]] moved to [[Season na Uran]] Say season na uran: sakey ya season ya uran ran uran. Aya met so panaon ed tropics ya ensasabi so bagyo. Sports 79 623 2006-10-02T13:14:25Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Sports]] moved to [[Sports]] Sakey ya physical activity so sports. Telebisyon 80 625 2006-10-02T13:14:26Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Telebisyon]] moved to [[Telebisyon]] GMA-7 ABS-CBN ABC-5 RPN-9 Totoo san Ulupan 81 627 2006-10-02T13:14:26Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Totoo san Ulupan]] moved to [[Totoo san Ulupan]] Kabat ran totoo Grupon Ethnic Ulupan Totoon Pangasinan 82 1064 2006-10-14T00:16:51Z Arikasikis 11 Totoon mansasalita na [[Pangasinan]]. Trading 83 631 2006-10-02T13:14:26Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Trading]] moved to [[Trading]] Voluntary ya panagsalat na produkto so labay na ibaga na trading. Ulupan 84 779 2006-10-04T00:18:15Z Arikasikis 11 /* Ulupan Lokal */ ==Ulupan International== * [[APEC]] * [[ASEAN]] * [[United Nations]] * [[World Wildlife Fund for Nature]] ==Ulupan Lokal== * [[Palaris Confraternity]] * [[Rotary Dagupan]] * [[Subol Society]] * [[Ulupan na Pansiansiay Salitan Pangasinan]] United States of America 85 635 2006-10-02T13:14:26Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/United States of America]] moved to [[United States of America]] United States of America (USA), sakey a bansa ed Norte America. Vincent van Gogh 86 637 2006-10-02T13:14:26Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Vincent van Gogh]] moved to [[Vincent van Gogh]] [[Image:VanGogh 1887 Selbstbildnis.jpg|150px|thumb|Self-Portrait nen Van Gogh]] [[en:Vincent van Gogh|Vincent van Gogh]] Say inkianak to yan si Vincent van Gogh et nen Marso 30, 1853 dimad Groot Zundert diman ed Nederlands. Diya ed sayan lugar met la nanayam si Vincent anggad asabi to so taon ya labin-anem. Nen asabi toy taon ya duwamplo nanayam si Vincent diman ed Inglatera. Diman met la nantrabaho diya ed sakey ya tatawagen ya schoolhouse. Balet maermen si Vincent ed sayan trabaho to ta melag so suweldo kanyan dinesisyunan toy ompawil ed Holland. Masuwerte met ta akaanap na trabaho to diya ed sakey ya bookstore. Sinmabi imay taon ya 1878. Baleg so pisasalamat tayon mahilig ed painting ta aya imay taon ya nanumpisa si Vincent ed panag-drowing. Nen 1881 pinmawil si Vincent ya nanayam kaiba toray ateng to. Diya met la nan-umpisa si Vincent ya man-painting kasompal ton man-training ed uncle ton si Anton Mauve. Baleg so impluwensiya nen Vincent ed modern art ya tatawagen. Nen saman ya panaon saray pintor baleg so respeto da ed matuwan kolor. Bilbilang no say kolor to yan rosas et ambalanga o say tuwan kolor to yay sunflower et doyaw dapat doyaw met so kolor to ed painting. Sananey balet so pananisia to ya si Vincent. Lapud ta henyon natawag, anggapoy pibabali to ed tuwan kolor. No anto imay kolor ya mangipaway na emosyon ya aanapen to iman so usaren to. Aliwan importante ed sikato so katuwaan ya pisikal. Say importante ed sikato et imay katuwaan ya naliliknay pusom. No nanengneng yo labat so "Starry, Starry Night", ombegas so bago yo. Aliwan omman so tuwan kolor na bitewen. Aliwan omman so tuwan korte'y tawen balet amay tuwan nalilikna nen Vincent aman so nanengneng yo ed sayan painting. Vicent van Gogh, sakey ya tuwan henyo. [[pag/Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] Wikibalikasan 87 639 2006-10-02T13:14:26Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Wikibalikasan]] moved to [[Wikibalikasan]] ==A== a aba sakey ya tanaman abala abig abol aboloy abong ==B== Wikibalikasan/ilalo 88 641 2006-10-02T13:14:26Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Wikibalikasan/ilalo]] moved to [[Wikibalikasan/ilalo]] Say ilalo ed English: hope. Wikibalita 89 643 2006-10-02T13:14:26Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Wikibalita]] moved to [[Wikibalita]] Balita ed Pangasinan. Wikipedia 90 645 2006-10-02T13:14:26Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Wikipedia]] moved to [[Wikipedia]] International wiki san pedia so wikipedia. Anggano siopa makabasa san makapan-edit ya amin ya artikulo ed wikipedia. Wikipedia:Kaleskesan 91 647 2006-10-02T13:14:26Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/Wikipedia:kaleskesan]] moved to [[Wikipedia:Kaleskesan]] =Palemleman na Pangasinan Wikipedia= Pian onaliguas so pangamil na sakey a salita, nakaukulan ya na-istandard so parongtal o nengneng to ra. Diad ''standardization'' labat, naparakep so pakatalos na amin ya tagagamil na Salitan Pangasinan. Siguro, karaklan ed sikatayo, ag nanaral na Salitan Pangasinan ed panagaralan. Lapu ed saya, karaklan ed sikatayo, nandumaan so ''spelling'' tayo. Agti met inaral so ''grammar'' to kanyan na-babalang o na-babawasan so inkaduga tan linew na nonot ya labay tayon ibalikas. Kanyan, say sakey ya kimey tayo komon ya nagawaan, say ''standardization'' na ''spelling'' tan makapanggawa tayo na Grammar, Grammar ya duga-ruga, umpian na-ibangat tan nagamil ed Science, Law, tan Math so Salita tayo. Nayari met ya aga ni bagay so panagsulat tayon uusaren. Anggad natan ag ko ni amta no pigara so tanol na ''vowel'' na Pangasinan. Balet amtak ya walay tanol ed Pangasinan ya anggapo ed English tan Tagalog. Naamtaan tayo so ambabangil ya ''vowel'' na salitan Pangasinan no naisulat tilay amin ya salitan Pangasinan. Nipakar ed saya, aroman yo komon so listaan na Pangasinan ed diktionarin [[Listaan na Salitan English|English-Pangasinan]]. Ag yo ni proproblemaen so korek spelling. Ta say pananisiak gaween ti ni labat natan so patakaran to. Say nakaukulan nagapoan tayo, umpian naantaan tayo so amta tayo tan ag tayo amta ed sayan Salita. -[http://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Arikasikis Arikasikis] ---------------------------------------- Nakaukulan timet manaya ya desisyonan no antoran salita so naawat ed Pangasinan. Ok labat ya man-awat so sakey ya salita manlapo ed arom ya salita, basta na i-standardize may salita ya aman. Singa say English ran salita, dakel diman nanlapo ed salitan French. Balet ag tayo ninunot ya saraman ya salita, aga English. Siguro naibagan 70% ya salita ed English, nanlapo ed arom ya Salita. Wala ni ingen sa nanlapo ed Tagalog. Bundok, ya no isulat ed English boondocks. Aga na-prevent no maminsan so pangala ed arom ran salita ta wala ray concept san idea ya say pinanlapuan to ed arom ran Salita. Singa democracy odino Nazism. Manaya, say standardization aga labat diad spelling. Sakey ni ya importante say standardization na salita ed antoy scope na definition to. Nagawaan labat ya no walay dictionari ed Pangasinan, ya diad Pangasinan so explanation. Ingawan klaro labat so explanation no walay klaron grammar. Accuracy so importante, aga labat precision, umpian mantalusan ray totoo no uusarin day sakey salita. Long term ya direction na Salitan Pangasinan # Listaan na salitan Pangasinan # Standardization na spelling da rayan salita. # Standardization na Grammar # Dictionari na salitan Pangasinan, ya diad Pangasinan so explanation. No wala lay dictionari na say explanation wadyad Pangasinan, amin ya salita (word) sarag to lan makaloob diad Salitan Pangasinan basta walay explanation diad Pangasinan ya kaiba. -[http://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Arikasikis Arikasikis] =Saray kailangan ya babasaen= Kailangan ya saray malabay ya mansulat tan manoman ed Pangasinan Wikipedia so wala so babasaen da ya nipaakar ed salita tan panagsulat ed Pangasinan. Saraya so babasaen ya makatulong ya baleg: Lorenzo Fernandez Cosgaya. Diccionario Pangasinan-Espanol'' and ''Vocabulario Hispano-Pangasinan (Colegio de Santo Tomas, 1865). This is available in the Internet at the University of Michigan's Humanities Text Initiative. Anastacio Austria Macaraeg. Vocabulario Castellano-Pangasinan (1898). Richard A. Benton. Pangasinan Dictionary (University of Hawaii Press, 1971). Richard A. Benton. Pangasinan Reference Grammar (University of Hawaii Press, 1971). Richard A. Benton. Spoken Pangasinan (University of Hawaii Press, 1971). Richard A. Benton. Phonotactics of Pangasinan (1972). Ernesto Constantino. English-Pangasinan Dictionary (1975). Julio F. Silverio. New English-Pilipino-Pangasinan Dictionary (1976). Mario "Guese" Tungol. Modern English-Filipino Dictionary (Merriam Webster, 1993). -Bato Balani ---------------------------------------- Wikipedia:Listaan ya nakaukulan ed balang salita 92 1149 2006-10-14T22:42:12Z Arikasikis 11 /* Saray Bansa */ Ipatalos yo komon odino mansulat na artikulon mangiparungtal ed saramay walad leksab. Aya so listaay "basic subjects" ya nakaukulan tayon ipatalos ed Wikipedian Pangasinan. Sarag yo kasin aroman yan listaan? ==Estoria na Bilay==  === Saray Artist === # [[Paul Cézanne]] # [[Salvador Dalí]] # [[Albrecht Dürer]] # [[Vincent van Gogh]] # [[Francisco Goya]] # [[Hokusai]] # [[Henri Matisse]] # [[Michelangelo]] # [[Claude Monet]] # [[Pablo Picasso]] # [[Jackson Pollock]] # [[Raphael]] # [[Rembrandt]] # [[Diego Velázquez]] # [[Andy Warhol]] === Saray Author === # [[Dante Alighieri]] # [[William Blake]] # [[Miguel de Cervantes]] # [[Fyodor Dostoevsky]] # [[Brothers Grimm]] # [[Homer]] # [[Victor Hugo]] # [[James Joyce]] # [[Franz Kafka]] # [[Li Bai]] # [[Molière]] # [[Pablo Neruda]] # [[Edgar Allan Poe]] # [[Jean-Paul Sartre]] # [[William Shakespeare]] # [[George Bernard Shaw]] # [[Sophocles]] # [[Mark Twain]] # [[Virgil]] === Saray Musikero san Tagasulat na Musika === # [[Johann Sebastian Bach]] # [[The Beatles]] # [[Ludwig van Beethoven]] # [[Frédéric Chopin]] # [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] # [[Elvis Presley]] # [[Frank Sinatra]] # [[Richard Wagner]] === Saray Explorer === # [[Roald Amundsen]] # [[Jacques Cartier]] # [[Christopher Columbus]] # [[Hernán Cortés]] # [[Francis Drake]] # [[Vasco da Gama]] # [[Edmund Hillary]] # [[Ferdinand Magellan]] # [[Marco Polo]] # [[Zheng He]] === Inbentor san scientist === # [[Nicolaus Copernicus]] # [[Charles Darwin]] # [[Thomas Edison]] # [[Albert Einstein]] # [[Henry Ford]] # [[Galileo Galilei]] # [[Bill Gates]] # '''[[Johann Gutenberg]]''' # [[Carolus Linnaeus]] # [[Isaac Newton]] # [[Louis Pasteur]] # [[Nikola Tesla]] # [[Leonardo da Vinci]] # [[Wright brothers]] === Saray Mathematician === # [[Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi]] # [[Archimedes]] # [[Gottfried Leibniz]] # [[Pythagoras]] {{col-break}} === Saray Manag-philosofi san social scientist === # [[Thomas Aquinas]] # [[Aristotle]] # [[Augustine of Hippo]] # [[Averroes]] # [[René Descartes]] # [[Sigmund Freud]] # [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] # [[Herodotus]] # '''[[Hippocrates]]''' # [[Immanuel Kant]] # [[Søren Kierkegaard]] # [[Martin Luther]] # [[Rosa Luxemburg]] # '''[[Niccolò Machiavelli]]''' # [[Karl Marx]] # [[Friedrich Nietzsche]] # [[Plato]] # [[Jean-Jacques Rousseau]] # [[Adam Smith]] # [[Socrates]] # [[Sun Tzu]] # [[Thales]] # [[Voltaire]] # [[Max Weber]] === Saray Politiko san lider === # [[Akbar]] # [[Alexander the Great]] # [[Kofi Annan]] # [[Attila the Hun]] # [[Augustus]] # [[Pope Benedict XVI]] # [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel]] # [[Otto von Bismarck]] # [[Tony Blair]] # [[Simón Bolívar]] # [[George W. Bush]] # [[Julius Caesar]] # [[Charlemagne]] # [[Winston Churchill]] # [[Cleopatra VII of Egypt]] # [[Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria]] # [[Charles de Gaulle]] # [[Hammurabi]] # [[Hannibal]] # '''[[Indira Gandhi]]''' # [[Hirohito]] # '''[[Adolf Hitler]]''' # [[Pope John Paul II]] # [[Genghis Khan]] # '''[[Vladimir Lenin]]''' # [[Nelson Mandela]] # '''[[Mao Zedong]]''' # [[Benito Mussolini]] # [[Napoleon I na France]] # [[Kwame Nkrumah]] # [[Peter I na Russia]] # [[Vladimir Putin]] # [[Qin Shi Huang]] # [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] # [[Saladin]] # '''[[Shaka]]''' # [[Sitting Bull]] # '''[[Joseph Stalin]]''' # [[Timur]] # [[Leon Trotsky]] # [[Harry S. Truman]] # [[Victoria na United Kingdom]] # [[George Washington]] # [[Wilhelm II na Germany]] === Saray Revolutionari san Aktibista === # [[Mahatma Gandhi]] # [[Che Guevara]] # [[Joan of Arc]] # [[Martin Luther King, Jr.]] # [[Osama bin Laden]] # [[Mother Teresa]] {{col-end}} ==Histori==  {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} # '''[[Test-wp/pag/History|History]]''' # [[Histori na Mundo]] ===Panahon balo Asulat so Histori anggad Pegley ya Panaon (Middle Ages)=== # [[Daan ya Egypt]] # [[Daan ya Greece]] # [[Daan ya Rome]] # [[Archaeology]] # [[Aztec]] # [[Black Death]] # [[Bronze Age]] # [[Byzantine Empire]] # [[Crusade]] # [[East-West Schism]] # [[Holy Roman Empire]] # [[Indus Valley Civilization]] # [[Iron Age]] # [[Maya civilization]] # [[Macedon]] # [[Middle Ages]] # '''[[Ottoman Empire]]''' # [[Prehistory]] # [[Spanish Inquisition]] # [[Stone Age]] # '''[[Sumer]]''' # [[Viking]] {{col-break}} ===Renaissance anggad Panaon Industrial=== # [[Panaon na Liwawa]] # [[Gieran Sibil na Amerika]] # [[Gieran Rebolusyon na Amerika]] # [[Imperyon British]] # [[Ambetel ya Giera (Cold War)]] # [[Gieran Sibil na English]] # '''[[European colonization of the Americas]]''' # [[Rebolusyon na French]] # [[Great Depression]] # [[Histori na South Africa diad paanon na apartheid]] # [[The Holocaust]] # [[Rebolusyon Industrial]] # [[Saray Gieran kebay Napoleon]] # [[Protestant Reformation]] # [[Renaissance]] # [[Gieran Sibil na Russia]] # [[Rebolusyon na Russia nen taon na 1917]] # [[Scramble para Africa]] # [[Space exploration]] # [[Gieran Sibil na Kastila]] # [[Gierad Vietnam]] # [[TWorld War I]] # [[World War II]] {{col-end}} ==Geography==  {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} # [[Test-wp/pag/Geografi|Geografi]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Siudad|Siudad]] # '''[[Test-wp/pag/Continent|Continent]]''' # [[Test-wp/pag/Bansa|Bansa]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Desierto|Desierto]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Ocean|Ocean]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Ilog|Ilog]] ===Continents and regions=== # [[Afrika]] # [[Antarctika]] # [[Asia]] # [[Europe]] # '''[[Latin Amerika]]''' # '''[[Pigley na East]]''' # '''[[North Amerika]]''' # [[Oceania]] # '''[[South Amerika]]''' ===Saray Bansa=== # [[Afghanistan]] # [[Austria]] # [[Australia]] # [[Bangladesh]] # [[Brazil]] # [[Canada]] # '''[[Cuba]]''' # [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] # [[Egypt]] # [[Ethiopia]] # [[France]] # [[Germany]] # '''[[Greece]]''' # [[India]] # '''[[Indonesia]]''' # [[Iran]] # '''[[Iraq]]''' # [[Israel]] # [[Italy]] # [[Japan]] # [[Libya]] # [[Mexico]] # [[Monaco]] # [[Niger]] # [[North Korea]] # [[People's Republic of China]] # [[Poland]] # [[Russia]] # [[Rwanda]] # [[Saudi Arabia]] # [[South Africa]] # [[South Korea]] # '''[[Spain]]''' # [[Turkey]] # [[United Kingdom]] # [[United States]] # [[Vatican City]] # '''[[Vietnam]]''' ===Saray Siyudad=== # [[Athens]] # [[Beijing]] # [[Berlin]] # [[Dagupan City|Dagupan]] # [[Hong Kong]] # '''[[Jerusalem]]''' # [[London]] # [[Mecca]] # [[Moscow]] # [[Mumbai]] # [[New Delhi]] # [[New York City|New York]] # '''[[Paris]]''' # '''[[Rome]]''' # [[Saint Petersburg]] # [[Shanghai]] # [[Sydney]] # [[Tokyo]] # [[Toronto]] # [[Washington, D.C.]] ===Pasen na Danom=== # '''[[Test-wp/pag/Arctic Ocean|Arctic Ocean]]''' # [[Test-wp/pag/Ilog na Amazon|Ilog na Amazon]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Dayat na Baltic|Dayat na Baltic]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Dayat ya Andeket (Black Sea)|Dayat ya Andeket]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Great Barrier Reef|Great Barrier Reef]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Great Lakes|Great Lakes]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Indian Ocean|Indian Ocean]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Lake Baikal|Lake Baikal]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Lake Tanganyika|Lake Tanganyika]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Lake Titicaca|Lake Titicaca]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Lake Victoria|Lake Victoria]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Dayat na Mediterranean|Dayat na Mediterranean]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Ilog na Mississippi|Ilog na Mississippi]] # {{FA}} [[Test-wp/pag/Niagara Falls|Niagara Falls]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Nile|Nile]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Dayat North|Dayat North]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Pacific Ocean|Pacific Ocean]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Southern Ocean|Southern Ocean]] ===Saray Palandey, valley, san desierto=== # [[Test-wp/pag/Andes|Andes]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Himalaya|Himalaya]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Rocky Mountains|Rocky Mountains]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Sahara|Sahara]] {{col-end}} == Society and social sciences ==  {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} # [[Test-wp/pag/Society|Society]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Family|Family]] ## [[Test-wp/pag/Adult|Adult]] ## [[Test-wp/pag/Child|Child]] ## [[Test-wp/pag/Infant|Infant]] ## '''[[Test-wp/pag/Marriage|Marriage]]''' # '''[[Test-wp/pag/Law|Law]]''' ## [[Test-wp/pag/Constitution|Constitution]] ## {{GAicon}} [[Test-wp/pag/Crime|Crime]] # '''[[Test-wp/pag/Military|Military]]''' # Social sciences ## [[Test-wp/pag/Anthropology|Anthropology]] ## {{GAicon}} [[Test-wp/pag/Archaeology|Archaeology]] ## [[Test-wp/pag/Education|Education]] ## '''[[Test-wp/pag/Political science|Political science]]''' ## [[Test-wp/pag/Psychology|Psychology]] ## {{GAicon}} [[Test-wp/pag/Sociology|Sociology]] === Behavior === # [[Test-wp/pag/Emotion|Emotion]] ## [[Test-wp/pag/Anger|Anger]] ## [[Test-wp/pag/Fear|Fear]] ## [[Test-wp/pag/Love|Love]] ## [[Test-wp/pag/Happiness|Happiness]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Mind|Mind]] ## [[Test-wp/pag/Consciousness|Consciousness]] ## [[Test-wp/pag/Thought|Thought]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Ugip|Ugip]] ## [[Test-wp/pag/Kugip|Kugip]] === Politics === # '''[[Test-wp/pag/Politics|Politics]]''' # [[Test-wp/pag/Anarchism|Anarchism]] # '''[[Test-wp/pag/Capitalism|Capitalism]]''' # [[Test-wp/pag/Communism|Communism]] # '''[[Test-wp/pag/Democracy|Democracy]]''' # '''[[Test-wp/pag/Dictatorship|Dictatorship]]''' # {{GAicon}} [[Test-wp/pag/Diplomacy|Diplomacy]] # '''[[Test-wp/pag/Fascism|Fascism]]''' # {{GAicon}} [[Test-wp/pag/Globalization|Globalization]] # '''[[Test-wp/pag/Government|Government]]''' # [[Test-wp/pag/Imperialism|Imperialism]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Liberalism|Liberalism]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Monarchy|Monarchy]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Nationalism|Nationalism]] # '''[[Test-wp/pag/Socialism|Socialism]]''' # [[Test-wp/pag/State|State]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Theocracy|Theocracy]] {{col-break}} === International organizations === # [[Test-wp/pag/Arab League|Arab League]] # [[Test-wp/pag/European Union|European Union]] # {{GAicon}} [[Test-wp/pag/International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement|International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement]] # {{GAicon}} '''[[Test-wp/pag/NATO|NATO]]''' # [[Test-wp/pag/Nobel Prize|Nobel Prize]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries|Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries]] # [[Test-wp/pag/United Nations|United Nations]] ## [[Test-wp/pag/World Bank Group|World Bank Group]] ## [[Test-wp/pag/World Health Organization|World Health Organization]] ## [[Test-wp/pag/World Trade Organization|World Trade Organization]] === Business and economics === # [[Test-wp/pag/Business|Business]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Economics|Economics]] # {{GAicon}} [[Test-wp/pag/Agriculture|Agriculture]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Currency|Currency]] ## {{GAicon}} [[Test-wp/pag/Euro|Euro]] ## [[Test-wp/pag/Japanese yen|Japanese yen]] ## [[Test-wp/pag/Pound sterling|Pound sterling]] ## [[Test-wp/pag/Renminbi|Renminbi]] ## [[Test-wp/pag/Rupee|Rupee]] ## [[Test-wp/pag/United States dollar|United States dollar]] # '''[[Test-wp/pag/Market|Market]]''' # '''[[Test-wp/pag/Money|Money]]''' # {{FA}} [[Test-wp/pag/Supply and demand|Supply and demand]] === Social issues === # '''[[Test-wp/pag/Abortion|Abortion]]''' # [[Test-wp/pag/Birth control|Birth control]] # '''[[Test-wp/pag/Capital punishment|Capital punishment]]''' # [[Test-wp/pag/Freedom|Freedom]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Human rights|Human rights]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Peace|Peace]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Racism|Racism]] # '''[[Test-wp/pag/Sexism|Sexism]]''' # [[Test-wp/pag/Slavery|Slavery]] # [[Test-wp/pag/War|War]] {{col-end}} ==Culture==  # '''[[Culture]]''' # [[Art]] ## [[Comics]] ## '''[[Painting]]''' ## '''[[Sculpture]]''' # [[Dance]] # '''[[Film]]''' # [[Radio]] # [[Television]] # '''[[Theatre]]''' ===Language and literature===  # [[Language]] # [[Alphabet]] ## [[Letter (alphabet)|Letter]] # [[Book]] # [[Grammar]] # [[Literature]] # [[Novel]] ## [[The Book of One Thousand and One Nights]] ## [[Don Quixote]] ## [[Republic (Plato)|Republic]] # [[Poetry]] ## [[Epic of Gilgamesh]] ## [[Iliad]] ## [[Mahabharata]] ## [[Odyssey]] # Specific languages ## [[Arabic language]] ## [[Chinese language]] ## [[English language]] ## [[Esperanto]] ## [[French language]] ## [[German language]] ## [[Hindi]] ## [[Japanese language]] ## [[Latin]] ## [[Portuguese language]] ## [[Russian language]] ## [[Sanskrit]] ## '''[[Spanish language]]''' # [[Word]] # [[Writing]] ===Architecture=== # [[Architecture]] # [[Arko]] # [[Taytay]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Dome|Dome]] # '''[[Test-wp/pag/House|House]]''' # [[Test-wp/pag/Nail (engineering)|Nail]] # '''[[Test-wp/pag/Pyramid|Pyramid]]''' # Specific structures ## '''[[Test-wp/pag/Great Wall of China|Great Wall of China]]''' ## [[Test-wp/pag/Taj Mahal|Taj Mahal]] # '''[[Test-wp/pag/Tower|Tower]]''' ===Music=== # [[Test-wp/pag/Music|Music]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Baroque music|Baroque music]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Classical music|Classical music]] # {{GAicon}} [[Test-wp/pag/Folk music|Folk music]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Jazz|Jazz]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Pop music|Pop music]] # {{GAicon}} [[Test-wp/pag/Rhythm and blues|Rhythm and blues]] # '''[[Test-wp/pag/Rock and roll|Rock and roll]]''' === Recreation === # '''[[Recreation]]''' # [[Athletics]] # '''[[Game]]''' ## [[Backgammon]] ## [[Bawet]] ## [[Chess]] ## [[Dice]] ## [[Draughts]] ## [[Go (board game)|Go]] ## [[Mancala]] ## [[Sipa]] ## [[Syatong]] ## [[Kitkit]] # [[Gambling]] ## [[Bulang]] ## [[Pusoy]] # '''[[Sport]]''' ## [[American football]] ## [[Baseball]] ## [[Cricket]] ## [[Football (soccer)|Football]] ## [[Olympic Games]] ## [[Rugby football]] ## [[Tennis]] # [[Galawgalaw]] ## [[Bagabaga]] {{col-break}} ===Religion=== # '''[[Test-wp/pag/Religion|Religion]]''' # [[Test-wp/pag/Deity|Deity]] ## '''[[Test-wp/pag/God|God]]''' # [[Test-wp/pag/Mythology|Mythology]] # Religious philosophies ## [[Test-wp/pag/Agnosticism|Agnosticism]] ## [[Test-wp/pag/Atheism|Atheism]] ## [[Test-wp/pag/Fundamentalism|Fundamentalism]] # '''[[Test-wp/pag/Soul|Soul]]''' # Specific religions ## {{FA}} [[Test-wp/pag/Bahá'í Faith|Bahá'í Faith]] ### [[Test-wp/pag/Báb|Báb]] ### [[Test-wp/pag/Bahá'u'lláh|Bahá'u'lláh]] ## '''[[Test-wp/pag/Buddhism|Buddhism]]''' ### [[Test-wp/pag/Gautama Buddha|Gautama Buddha]] ## [[Test-wp/pag/Christianity|Christianity]] ### [[Test-wp/pag/Bible|Bible]] ### [[Test-wp/pag/Church|Church]] ### {{GAicon}} '''[[Test-wp/pag/Jesus|Jesus]]''' ### [[Test-wp/pag/Pope|Pope]] ### [[Test-wp/pag/Trinity|Trinity]] ## [[Test-wp/pag/Confucianism|Confucianism]] ### [[Test-wp/pag/Confucius|Confucius]] ## {{FA}} [[Test-wp/pag/Hinduism|Hinduism]] ### [[Test-wp/pag/Bhagavad Gita|Bhagavad Gita]] ### [[Test-wp/pag/Krishna|Krishna]] ### [[Test-wp/pag/Upanishad|Upanishad]] ### [[Test-wp/pag/Veda|Veda]] ### '''[[Test-wp/pag/Yoga|Yoga]]''' ## {{GAicon}} [[Test-wp/pag/Islam|Islam]] ### '''[[Test-wp/pag/Mosque|Mosque]]''' ### '''[[Test-wp/pag/Muhammad|Muhammad]]''' ### [[Test-wp/pag/Qur'an|Qur'an]] ## [[Test-wp/pag/Jainism|Jainism]] ## {{GAicon}} [[Test-wp/pag/Judaism|Judaism]] ## '''[[Test-wp/pag/Shinto|Shinto]]''' ## [[Test-wp/pag/Sikhism|Sikhism]] ## [[Test-wp/pag/Taoism|Taoism]] ### '''[[Test-wp/pag/Laozi|Laozi]]''' ## [[Test-wp/pag/Voodoo|Voodoo]] ## [[Test-wp/pag/Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrianism]] ### [[Test-wp/pag/Zoroaster|Zoroaster]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Spirituality|Spirituality]] ===Philosophy=== # [[Test-wp/pag/Philosophy|Philosophy]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Beauty|Beauty]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Ethics|Ethics]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Existence|Existence]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Feminism|Feminism]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Humanism|Humanism]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Knowledge|Knowledge]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Logic|Logic]] # '''[[Test-wp/pag/Morality|Morality]]''' # [[Test-wp/pag/Reality|Reality]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Truth|Truth]] {{col-end}} ==Science== # [[Science]] # '''[[Chemistry]]''' ## [[Asin]] # [[Ecology]] # [[Geology]] # [[Mineral]] ## '''[[Copper]]''' ## [[Diamond]] ## [[Ginto]] ## [[Balakyang]] ## [[Silver]] # [[Oil]] ===Astronomy=== # [[Astronomy]] # [[Big Bang]] # [[Galaxy]] ## [[Milky Way]] # [[Bulan]] # [[Planet]] ## [[Earth]] ## [[Jupiter]] ## [[Mars]] ## [[Mercury (planet)|Mercury]] ## '''[[Saturn]]''' ## [[Uranus]] ## [[Neptune]] ## [[Pluto]] ## [[Venus]] # [[Bitowen]] ## [[Agew]] # [[Universe]] ===Physics=== # [[Physics]] # [[Atom]] ## [[Molecule]] # [[Energy]] ## [[Electromagnetic radiation]] ### [[Visible spectrum]] #### [[Andiket]] #### [[Color]] ##### [[Blue]] ##### [[Green]] ##### [[Ambalanga]] ##### [[Duyaw]] #### [[Amputi]] # [[Force]] ## [[Gravitation]] # [[Mass]] # [[Quantum mechanics]] # [[Sound]] # [[Peles]] # [[Time]] # [[Belat]] ===Weather and climate=== # [[Avalanche]] # [[Climate]] # [[Lorem]] # '''[[Yegyeg]]''' # [[El Niño-Southern Oscillation]] # [[Delap]] # [[Global warming]] # [[Meteorology]] # [[Uran]] # '''[[Tornado]]''' # [[Bagyo]] # [[Volcano]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Weather|Weather]] {{col-break}} ===Biology=== # [[Biology]] # [[Anatomy]] ## [[Utek]] ## [[Gastrointestinal tract]] ## '''[[Puso]]''' ## [[Lung]] ## [[Skeleton]] # Specific organisms ## [[Ayep]] ### [[Manok]] ### [[Sira]] ### [[Insect]] ### [[Mammal]] #### [[Cattle]] #### [[Pusa]] #### [[Aso]] #### [[Kabayo]] #### [[Too]] ### [[Reptile]] #### [[Dinosaur]] #### [[Oleg]] ## [[Archaea]] ## [[Bacteria]] ## [[Fungus]] ## '''[[Tanaman]]''' ### [[Flower]] ### [[Tree]] ## [[Protist]] # '''[[Medicine]]''' ## [[AIDS]] ## '''[[Blindness]]''' ## [[Cholera]] ## '''[[Dysentery]]''' ## [[Hearing impairment]] ## [[Malaria]] ## '''[[Mental illness]]''' ## [[Pregnancy]] ## [[Smallpox]] == Technology == # '''[[Technology]]''' # [[Kuryente]] # [[Electronics]] ## [[Computer]] ### '''[[Internet]]''' # [[Explosive material]] ## [[Pulbura (Gunpowder)]] # [[Fire]] # [[Metallurgy]] # [[Transport]] ## '''[[Automobile]]''' ## [[Bisiklita]] ## [[Train]] # [[Weapon]] ## [[Wasay]] ## [[Firearm]] == Mathematics == # [[Test-wp/pag/Mathematics|Mathematics]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Algebra|Algebra]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Calculus|Calculus]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Calendar|Calendar]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Game theory|Game theory]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Geometry|Geometry]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Number|Number]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Set|Set]] # [[Test-wp/pag/Trigonometry|Trigonometry]] ==Foodstuffs== # [[Barley]] # [[Tinapay]] # [[Cheese]] # [[Cotton]] # '''[[Prutas]]''' # [[Mais]] # [[Oat]] # '''[[Niluto]]''' # [[Sorghum]] # '''[[Soybean]]''' # [[Sigarilyo]] # [[Pising]] # [[Wheat]] ===Beverages=== # [[Alcohol]] # [[Beer]] # [[Kape]] # [[Cha]] # [[Danom]] # [[Wine]] [[Category:Wikipedia article lists|All languages should have]] [[Category:Wikipedia core topics|Vital articles]] [[ast:Uiquipedia:Llista d'artículos que toa Wikipedia tien que tener]] [[zh-min-nan:Wikipedia:Só·-ū ê Wikipedia pán-pún lóng èng-kai ū ê bûn-chiuⁿ]] [[bs:Wikipedia:1000 članaka]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:Llista d'articles que totes les llengües haurien de tenir]] [[cv:Википеди:Ку статьясем кашни Википеди уйрăмěсенче пулмалла]] [[cs:Wikipedie:1000 nejdůležitějších článků]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Rhestr erthyglau sy'n angenrheidiol ym mhob iaith]] [[da:Wikipedia:Artikler vi bør have]] [[de:Wikipedia:Artikel, die es in allen Wikipedias geben sollte]] [[et:Vikipeedia:Artiklid, mis peaksid igas keeles olemas olema]] [[el:Βικιπαίδεια:Κατάλογος άρθρων που όλες οι γλώσσες πρέπει να έχουν]] [[en:Wikipedia:Vital articles]] [[es:Wikipedia:Lista de artículos que toda Wikipedia debería tener]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Listo de havendaj artikoloj]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Wikipedia guztiek eduki behar duten artikulu zerrenda]] [[fa:ویکی‌پدیا:فهرست نوشتارهایی كه باید به همه زبان‌ها ترجمه شود]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Liste d'articles que toutes les encyclopédies devraient avoir]] [[fur:Vichipedie:Liste dai articui che dutis lis vichipedîs a varessin di vê]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Liosta d'ábhair riachtanach do gach uile Vicipéid]] [[gl:Wikipedia:Lista de artigos que toda Wikipedia debera ter]] [[gu:વિકિપીડિયા:દરેક ભાષાના વિકિપીડિયામાં હોય એવા પ્રારંભિક લેખોની યાદી]] [[ko:위키백과:모든 언어의 위키백과마다 꼭 있어야 하는 문서 목록]] [[hy:Wikipedia:1000 հոդվածներ, որոնք կարևոր են բոլոր լեզուներով հանրագիտարանների համար]] [[hi:विकिपीडिया:कुछ प्रारंभिक लेख जो कि हर भाषा के विकिपीडिया में होने चाहिए]] [[ilo:Wikipedia:Listaan dagiti articulo a nasken a maipatarus ti amin a pagsasao]] [[id:Wikipedia:Artikel yang perlu dimiliki Wikipedia seluruh bahasa]] [[os:Википеди:Алы æвзагыл дæр чи хъуамæ уа, уыцы статьятæ]] [[it:Wikipedia:Lista delle voci che tutte le Wikipedie dovrebbero avere]] [[jv:Wikipedia:Daftar Artikel Dhasar]] [[ku:Wîkîpediya:Gotar ku ji bo hemû Wîkîpediyayan pêwîst in]] [[lad:Wikipedia:Lista de artikolos ke toda Wikipedia deberiya tener]] [[la:Vicipaedia:Paginae quas omnes Vicipaediae habeant]] [[lv:Wikipedia:Raksti, kuriem vajadzētu būt visu valodu Vikipēdijās]] [[lt:Wikipedia:Sąrašas straipsnių, būtinų visomis kalbomis]] [[li:Wikipedia:Lies van artikele die eder Wikipedia moot höbbe]] [[hu:Wikipédia:Ezer fontos cikk]] [[mk:Листа на статии кои Википедија на македонски би требало да ги има]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Senarai rencana semua bahasa perlu ada]] [[nl:Wikipedia:Artikelen die elke Wikipedia zou moeten hebben]] [[ja:Wikipedia:すべての言語版にあるべき項目の一覧]] [[no:Wikipedia:Liste over artikler vi bør ha]] [[nn:Wikipedia:Artiklar vi bør ha]] [[nds:Wikipedia:List vun Artikels, de in all Wikipedias binnen ween schöölt]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Strony, które powinna mieć każda Wikipedia]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Lista dos 1000 artigos essenciais]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Listă de articole pe care ar trebui să le aibă fiecare Wikipedie]] [[ru:Википедия:Список статей, которые должны быть во всех языковых версиях]] [[scn:Wikipedia:Artìculi nicissarî]] [[simple:Wikipedia:List of articles all languages should have]] [[sk:Wikipédia:1000 najdôležitejších článkov]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Članki, ki bi jih morala imeti vsaka Wikipedija]] [[sr:Википедија:Списак чланака које српска Википедија треба да има]] [[su:Artikel nu sadaya basa Wikipédia kedah gaduh]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Luettelo keskeisistä tietosanakirja-artikkeleista]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Artiklar som bör finnas på Wikipedia]] [[tl:Wikipedia:Listahan ng mga artikulo na kailangan ng lahat ng wika]] [[th:วิกิพีเดีย:รายชื่อบทความที่ควรมี]] [[vi:Wikipedia:Danh sách bài cơ bản nên có]] [[tr:Vikipedi:Her Vikipedi'de olması gereken maddeler]] [[bug:Wikipedia:Daftar artikel ᨆᨊᨛᨂ ᨅᨔ ᨄᨑᨛᨒᨘ ᨂᨛᨀ]] [[uk:Вікіпедія:Статті, які повинні бути у всіх вікіпедіях]] [[zh:Wikipedia:中文维基百科应该有的特色条目列表]] Wikipedia:Pankabatan 93 861 2006-10-04T08:19:30Z Arikasikis 11 /* Introdukshon */ ==Introdukshon== Dia itayo mankakabat. Say Wikipedian Pangasinan, et aliwa labat ya Encyclopedia. Siguro mas importanten nunoten tayo ya say Wikipedia tayo, et sakey ya ulupan odino sakey ya communidad. Diad rason ya aya, marakep no mankakabat tayon amin ya manuusar tan man-cocontribute dya. Marakep no makagawa tayo ya nabasa, nadengel, nabantayan na anak tayo ed salitan Pangasinan. Binmaleg tayo ed sayan salita tan kulturan Pangasinan, kanyan say karaklan ed sikatayo siguro etlabay tayon ipasabi o ibawag irayan kultura ed anak tayora. Diad sayan panamegley, naco-communicate tayo no antoy enkatoo tayo ed sikara. Ag ko apanaralan so Pangasinan ya isulat o basaen. Nanaral ak ed aliwan sayan Salita. Kanyan saray akademik ya kanunutan, mairap kon i-communicate ed sayan salita. Balet, agko innayari no agko gapuan ya mansulat o mannunot ya academic ran kanunutan, kanyan ginapoan ko la. Anggano dakel niray kulang ed siak. Sikayo met, gapuan yo lan mansulat tan mambasa ed Pangasinan. Anta tayo ya anggapoy magano ed bilay. Say kuanda, say [[Roma]] aga agawa ed sakey taon. Pyano unggawan great so Pangasinan, aliwa labat ya sakey taon so naupot. -[[User:Arikasikis|Arikasikis]] Wiki 94 653 2006-10-02T13:14:27Z Incubator import 6 [[Wp/pag/wiki]] moved to [[Wiki]] Sakey ya website so wiki ya sarag na man-edit, man-dagdag san manbawas so amin ya manag-usar. Template:SalitadWikipedia 189 908 2006-10-05T13:38:18Z Arikasikis 11 *Salita ed Polok na Polpolo: [[:ceb:|Salitan Sinugboanon (Salitan Cebuano)]] · [[:tl:|Salitan Tagalog]] · [[:war:|Salitan Winaray (Salitan Waray-Waray)]] · [[:pam:|Salitan Kapampangan]]· [[:ilo:|Salitan Iloko]] · [[:cbk-zam:|Salitan Chavacano de Zamboanga]] · [[:en:|Salitan English]] <div style="font-size:95%"><div id="lang-100000"> *Sobra ed 1,000,000 ya artikulo: [[:en:|Salitan English]] <div style="font-size:95%"><div id="lang-100000"> *Sobra ed 100,000 ya artikulo: [[:de:|Deutsch (German)]] · [[:es:|Español (Spanish)]] · [[:fr:|Français (French)]] · [[:it:|Italiano (Italian)]] · [[:ja:|日本語 (Japanese)]] · [[:nl:|Nederlands (Dutch)]] · [[:pl:|Polski (Polish)]] · [[:pt:| Português (Portuguese)]] · [[:sv:|Svenska (Swedish)]] </div><div style="font-size:95%"><div id="lang-10000"> *Sobra ed 10,000 ya artikulo: [[:ar:|العربية (Arabic)]] · [[:bg:|Български (Bulgarian)]] · [[:ca:|Català (Catalan)]] · [[:cs:|Česky (Czech)]] · [[:da:|Dansk (Danish)]] · [[:el:|Ελληνικά (Greek)]] · [[:et:|Eesti (Estonian)]] · [[:eo:|Esperanto]] · [[:eu:|Euskara (Basque)]] · [[:fa:|فارسی (Persian)]] · [[:gl:|Galego (Galician)]] · [[:he:|עברית (Hebrew)]] · [[:hr:|Hrvatski (Croatian)]] · [[:io:|Ido]] · [[:id:|Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian)]] · [[:is:|Íslenska (Icelandic)]] · [[:ko:|한국어 (Korean)]] · [[:lt:|Lietuvių (Lithuanian)]] · [[:hu:|Magyar (Hungarian)]] · [[:ms:|Bahasa Melayu (Malay)]] · [[:nap:|Napulitana (Neapolitan)]] · [[:no:|Norsk bokmål (Norwegian)]] · [[:nn:|Norsk nynorsk (Norwegian)]] · [[:ro:|Română (Romanian)]] · [[:ru:|Русский (Russian)]] · [[:sk:|Slovenčina (Slovak)]] · [[:sl:|Slovenščina (Slovenian)]] · [[:sr:|Српски (Serbian)]] · [[:fi:|Suomi (Finnish)]] · [[:th:|ภาษาไทย (Thai)]] · [[:tr:|Türkçe (Turkish)]] · [[:uk:|Українська (Ukrainian)]] · [[:zh:|中文 (Chinese)]] </div><div style="font-size:95%"><div id="lang-1000"> *Sobra ed 1,000 ya artikulo: [[:als:|Alemannisch (Alemannic)]] · [[:af:|Afrikaans]] · [[:an:|Aragonés (Aragonese)]] · [[:frp:|Arpitan (Franco-Provençal)]] · [[:ast:|Asturianu (Asturian)]] · [[:az:|Azərbaycan (Azerbaijani)]] · [[:zh-min-nan:|Bân-lâm-gú (Min Nan)]] · [[:be:|Беларуская (Belarusian)]] · [[:bn:|বাংলা (Bengali)]] · [[:bs:|Bosanski (Bosnian)]] · [[:br:|Brezhoneg (Breton)]] · [[:cv:|Чăваш чěлхи (Chuvash)]] · [[:co:|Corsu (Corsican)]] · [[:cy:|Cymraeg (Welsh)]] · [[:fo:|Føroyskt (Faroese)]] · [[:fy:|Frysk (Western Frisian)]] · [[:ga:|Gaeilge (Irish)]] · [[:gd:|Gàidhlig (Scots Gaelic)]] · [[:hi:|हिन्दी (Hindi)]] · [[:ilo:|Ilokano]] · [[:ia:|Interlingua]] · [[:jv:|Basa Jawa (Javanese)]] · [[:ka:|ქართული (Georgian)]] · [[:kn:|ಕನ್ನಡ (Kannada)]] · [[:kw:|Kernewek (Cornish)]] · [[:ht:|Kreyòl Ayisyen (Haitian Creole)]] · [[:ku:|Kurdî / كوردی (Kurdish)]] · [[:la:|Latina (Latin)]] · [[:lv:|Latviešu (Latvian)]] · [[:lb:|Lëtzebuergesch (Luxembourgish)]] · [[:li:|Limburgs (Limburgish)]] · [[:mk:|Македонски (Macedonian)]] · [[:mr:|मराठी (Marathi)]] · [[:uz:|O‘zbek (Uzbek)]] · [[:oc:|Occitan]] · [[:os:|Ирон (Ossetic)]] · [[:pam:|Pampangan (Kapampangan)]] · [[:pms:|Piemontèis (Piedmontese)]] · [[:nds:|Plattdüütsch (Low Saxon)]] · [[:se:|Sámegiella (Northern Sami)]] · [[:sco:|Scots]] · [[:scn:|Sicilianu (Sicilian)]] · [[:simple:|Simple English]] · [[:sq:|Shqip (Albanian)]] · [[:ceb:|Sinugboanon (Cebuano)]] · [[:sh:|Srpskohrvatski/Српскохрватски (Serbo–Croatian)]] · [[:ta:| தமிழ் (Tamil)]] · [[:tl:|Tagalog]] · [[:tt:|Tatarça (Tatar)]] · [[:te:|తెలుగు (Telugu)]] · [[:vi:|Tiếng Việt (Vietnamese)]] · [[:wa:|Walon (Walloon)]] · [[:war:|Winaray (Waray-Waray)]] · [[:yi:|ייִדיש (Yiddish)]] '''[[m:Listaan na Saray Wikipedia|Kumpleton Listaan]]''' · '''[[:en:Wikipedia:Multilingual coordination|Coordination diad Nandurumaan ya Salita]]''' · '''[[m:How to start a new Wikipedia|Pyanon Manggapo na Wikipedia]]''' </div></div> Template:Agin Proyekto 190 663 2006-10-03T04:52:12Z Harvzsf 9 Say Wikipedia, manhohost so [[Wikipedia Foundation|Wikipedia Foundation]], sakey ya organisyon ya angapoy-tubo (Non-Profit Organization odino NPO). Wadyad English ni so amin iran akasulat ed lepsab. {| align="center" cellpadding="2" width="100%" style="text-align:left" | [[Image:Wiktionary-logo-en.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[wiktionary:en:Main Page|'''Wiktionary''']] Diksionari san Tesaurus | [[Image:Wikibooks-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[wikibooks:en:Main Page|'''Wikibooks''']] Libren Textbook san Manual | [[Image:Wikiquote-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[wikiquote:en:Main Page|'''Wikiquote''']] Colection na Quote | [[Image:Wikisource-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[wikisource:Main Page:English|'''Wikisource''']] Free Content ya Librari |- | [[Image:Wikispecies-logo-en.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[Wikispecies:|'''Wikispecies''']] Listaan na specie | [[Image:Wikinews-logo.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[wikinews:Main Page|'''Wikinews''']] Free Content ya News | [[Image:Commons-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[commons:Main Page|'''Commons''']] Shi-nare na Media | [[Image:Wikimedia-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[m:Main Page|'''Meta-Wiki''']] Coordination na saray proyekto ed Wikipedia |} Michelangelo 193 674 2006-10-03T12:16:50Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:Michelango Portrait by Volterra.jpg|thumb|150px|Chalk portrait nen Michelangelo ya en-drawing nen [[Daniele da Volterra]]]] Sakey ya Italian Renaissance sculptor, painter, architect san poet si Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti (Marso 6, 1475 – Pebrero 18, 1564), ya mas kabat ya Michelangelo. Lapur ed artistic versality to, dakel so mannununot ya sikato so perpekton ehemplo na Renaissance man. [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] Claude Monet 194 679 2006-10-03T12:30:14Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:ClaudeMonet.jpg|right|frame|Claude Monet.]] Sakey ya French Impressionist painter si Claude Monet ya kabat met ya Oscar-Claude Monet odino Claude Oscar Monet (Nobyembre 14, 1840 – Disyembre 5, 1926). [[Image:Claude Monet, Impression, soleil levant, 1872.jpg|thumb|left|275px|''[[Impression, Sunrise]] (Impression, soleil levant)'' ([[1872]]/[[1873]]).]] [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] Pablo Picasso 195 680 2006-10-03T12:31:05Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:PabloPicasso1916 (photo).jpg|thumb|right|125px|Kalangweran nen Pablo Picasso]] Enianak si Pablo Ruiz Picasso ed Málaga, Spain, panguluan na anak na sanasawan José Ruiz y Blasco and María Picasso y López. Say kumpleton ngaran nen Picasso: Pablo Diego José Santiago Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno Crispín Crispiniano de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz Picasso. [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] Jackson Pollock 196 681 2006-10-03T12:31:55Z Arikasikis 11 Sakey ya influential ya Amerikanon painter si Paul Jackson Pollock (January 28, 1912 – August 11, 1956). [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] Raphael 197 682 2006-10-03T12:35:01Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:Sanzio 00.jpg|thumb|150px|right|Self-portrait nen Raphael.]] Sakey ya master painter san architect na Florentine school nen Italian High Renaissance si Raphael odino Raffaello (Abril 6, 1483 – Abril 6, 1520) was a master painter and architect of the Florentine school in the Italian High Renaissance. Say arom ya tawag ed sikato: Raffaello Sanzio, Raffaello Santi, Raffaello da Urbino or Rafael Sanzio da Urbino. [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] Wikipedia:Administrators 198 727 2006-10-03T14:52:40Z Arikasikis 11 /* List of administrators */ An '''administrator''' is also called a ''sysop''. You can add requests to this page for things that can only be done by sysops. If you want a page deleted, say so on the [[Wikipedia:Proposed deletions]] page. Sysops are allowed to do some things that other users are not. This is for performance reasons (it would make the website too slow to let everyone do it). It is also for security reasons (because they are trusted). If you want to become one, please say so on this page. Anyone who has been adding to this website for a while is allowed to be an administrator. Jimbo Wales, the founder of the [[Wikimedia|Wikimedia Foundation]], said "this should be no big deal". Sysops do not have any special authority. They are equal to everybody else. Things administrators can do: * Delete pages - [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy]], [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion]] * Protect and unprotect pages, and edit protected pages - [[Wikipedia:Protection policy]] * Stop users who damage pages - [[Wikipedia:Bans and blocks]], [[Wikipedia:Vandalism in progress]] :''See also: Administrator logs'' - [[Special:Log/block|Blocks]], [[Special:Log/protect|Page protection]], [[Special:Log/delete|Deletions]] ---- A '''bureaucrat''' is a slightly higher administrative level that can perform a few additional functions. Bureaucrats can give administrator or bureaucrat status to other users following a successful request on this page. Bureaucrats can also help users who want to [[:meta:Changing username|change user names]]. They can also "flag" [[Wikipedia:Bot|bots]], which means to hide their contributions from the new changes and put them in the bot group. Requests for name changes should be made directly to the talk page of one of the listed bureaucrats. :''See also: Bureaucrat logs'' - [[Special:Log/rights|User rights]], [[Special:Log/renameuser|User rename]] ==Listaan na saray administrator== :''Sakey ya automated ya listaan ya amin na account ya walay admin status so nanengneng ed saya [[Special:Listadmins]].'' === Actibo === === Aga Actibo === == Requests for bureaucratship == ===[[User:Arikasikis|Arikasikis]]=== Since there are many articles here, I request this status. == Requests for adminship == ===[[User:Arikasikis|Arikasikis]]=== I was the main contributor and test administrator of the Test-wp/pag. I want to translate the buttons into Pangasinan. How do I become an administrator? [[User:Arikasikis]] : ''[[/Archive1|Archive of older requests for administrator status]]'' ==Current issues and requests== [[/Current issues and requests archive 1]] Users can contact sysops on this page to ask them to protect pages. Requests for deletion should be made on [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion]] and requests for blocking on [[Wikipedia:Vandalism in progress]]. All sysops should watch this section for issues that sysops must be aware of, and for news about policy changes affecting sysops. == See also == * [[Wikipedia:Rules]] * [[meta:Administrators of various Wikipedias]] [[Category:Wikipedia|Administrators]] [[af:Wikipedia:Administrateur]] [[als:Wikipedia:Administratoren]] [[ar:ويكيبيديا:إداريون]] [[ast:Uiquipedia:Alministradores]] [[av:Википедия:Администраторал]] [[bm:Wikipedia:Administrateurs]] [[zh-min-nan:Wikipedia:Hêng-chèng jîn-oân]] [[be:Вікіпэдыя:Адміністрацыя]] [[bs:Wikipedia:Administratori]] [[br:Wikipedia:Merourien]] [[bg:Уикипедия:Администратори]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:Administradors]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Správci]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Gweinyddwyr]] [[da:Wikipedia:Administratorer]] [[de:Wikipedia:Administratoren]] [[arc:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[et:Vikipeedia:Administraatorid]] [[el:Βικιπαίδεια:Διαχειριστές]] [[en:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[es:Wikipedia:Bibliotecarios]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Administrantoj]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Administratzaileak]] [[fa:ویکی‌پدیا:مدیران]] [[fo:Wikipedia:Umboðsstjóri]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Administrateur]] [[fy:Wikipedy:Behearders]] [[fur:Vichipedie:Aministradôrs]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Riarthóirí]] [[gl:Wikipedia:Administradores]] [[gu:વિકિપીડિયા:પ્રબંધક]] [[ko:위키백과:관리자]] [[ha:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[hi:विकिपीडिया:प्रबन्धक]] [[hr:Wikipedija:Administratori]] [[io:Wikipedia:Administranti]] [[id:Wikipedia:Pengurus]] [[ia:Wikipedia:Administratores]] [[os:Википеди:Админтæ]] [[is:Wikipedia:Stjórnendur]] [[it:Wikipedia:Amministratori]] [[he:ויקיפדיה:מפעיל מערכת]] [[kn:ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:ನಿರ್ವಾಹಕರು]] [[ka:ვიკიპედია:ადმინისტრატორები]] [[ks:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[kk:Wikipedia:Әкімшілер]] [[sw:Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]] [[ku:Wîkîpediya:Koordînasyon]] [[lad:Wikipedia:Administradores]] [[la:Vicipaedia:Magistratus]] [[lv:Wikipedia:Administrācija]] [[lb:Wikipedia:Administratoren]] [[lt:Wikipedia:Administratoriai]] [[li:Wikipedia:Systeemwèrkers]] [[lmo:Wikipedia:Aministraduur]] [[hu:Segítség:Adminisztrátorok]] [[mk:Википедија:Администратори]] [[mt:Wikipedija:Amministraturi]] [[mi:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Penyelia]] [[na:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[fj:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[nl:Wikipedia:Moderator]] [[ja:Wikipedia:管理者]] [[nap:Wikipedia:Amministratore]] [[no:Wikipedia:Administratorer]] [[nn:Wikipedia:Administratorar]] [[ps:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Administraters]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Administratorzy]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Administradores]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Administratori]] [[rmy:Vikipidiya:Administratorurya]] [[ru:Википедия:Администраторы]] [[se:Wikipedia:Hálddašeaddjit]] [[sm:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[sa:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[sq:Wikipedia:Administruesit]] [[scn:Wikipedia:Amministraturi]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Správcovia]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Administratorji]] [[sr:Википедија:Администратори]] [[su:Wikipedia:Kuncén]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Ylläpitäjät]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Administratörer]] [[tl:Wikipedia:Mga Tagapangasiwa]] [[tt:Wikipedia:İdäräçelär]] [[th:วิกิพีเดีย:ผู้ดูแลระบบ]] [[vi:Wikipedia:Người quản lý]] [[tr:Vikipedi:Yöneticiler]] [[tk:Wikipedia:Yöneticilik Başvurusu]] [[uk:Вікіпедія:Адміністратори]] [[vec:Wikipedia:Aministradori]] [[wa:Wikipedia:Manaedjeus]] [[yi:װיקיפּעדיע:Administrators]] [[zh-yue:Wikipedia:管理員]] [[zh:Wikipedia:管理员]] Rembrandt 199 684 2006-10-03T13:15:25Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:Rembrandt van rijn-self portrait.jpg|150px|thumb|Self portrait nen Rembrandt]] Sakey ya proficient printmaker si Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn (Hulyo 15, 1606 odino 1607– Octubre 4, 1669). [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] Andy Warhol 200 685 2006-10-03T13:16:21Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:Helmut Newton- Andy Warhol.jpg|thumb|150px|right|Andy Warhol, photographed by [[Helmut Newton]].]] Sakey ya Amerikanon avant-garde filmmaker, writer san social figure si Andy Warhol (Augusto 6, 1928 – Pebrero 22, 1987). Nantrabaho met si Warhol ya sakey ya publisher na magazine, music producer san actor. [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] Dante Alighieri 201 686 2006-10-03T13:17:25Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:Dante alighieri.jpg|right|thumb]] Sakey ya Italian poet si '''Dante Alighieri''' (May/June [[1265]] - [[September 14|September 13/14]], [[1321]]). Say sankasikatan ya insulat to so ''La Divina Comedia'', ya say titulo to ed English: The Divine Comedy]]. Say sankasikatan ya parte na ''La Davina Comedia'' so ''Inferon'', ya aya so itsura na impiyerno para ed si Dante. [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] [[ar:دانتي أليغييري]] [[ast:Dante Alighieri]] [[bn:দান্তে আলিগিয়েরি]] [[bs:Dante Alighieri]] [[bg:Данте Алигиери]] [[ca:Dante Alighieri]] [[cs:Dante Alighieri]] [[da:Dante Alighieri]] [[de:Dante Alighieri]] [[et:Dante Alighieri]] [[el:Δάντης Αλιγκέρι]] [[en:Dante Alighieri]] [[es:Dante Alighieri]] [[eo:Dante Alighieri]] [[eu:Dante Alighieri]] [[fr:Dante Alighieri]] [[ga:Dainté Ailigéirí]] [[gd:Dante Alighieri]] [[gl:Dante Alighieri]] [[ko:단테 알리기에리]] [[hr:Dante Alighieri]] [[id:Dante Alighieri]] [[is:Dante Alighieri]] [[it:Dante Alighieri]] [[he:דנטה אליגיירי]] [[ku:Dante Alighieri]] [[la:Dantes Alagherius]] [[lv:Dante Aligjēri]] [[lt:Dantė]] [[hu:Dante Alighieri]] [[mk:Данте Алигиери]] [[mt:Dante Alighieri]] [[nl:Dante Alighieri]] [[ja:ダンテ・アリギエーリ]] [[no:Dante Alighieri]] [[nn:Dante Alighieri]] [[pl:Dante Alighieri]] [[pt:Dante Alighieri]] [[ro:Dante Alighieri]] [[ru:Данте Алигьери]] [[sq:Dante Aligieri]] [[scn:Danti Alighieri]] [[sk:Dante Alighieri]] [[sl:Dante Alighieri]] [[sr:Данте Алигијери]] [[fi:Dante Alighieri]] [[sv:Dante Alighieri]] [[tl:Dante Alighieri]] [[tr:Dante Alighieri]] [[uk:Данте Аліґ'єрі]] [[zh:但丁]] Miguel de Cervantes 202 687 2006-10-03T13:18:22Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:Cervates jauregui.jpg|150px|thumb|Portrait nen Cervantes]] Sakey ya Kastilan nobelista, poet san playwright si Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra (Septyembre 29, 1547 – Abril 23, 1616). Sankakabatan si Cervantes ed nobela ton Don Quixote de la Mancha, ya ibabaga dan sakey ya sankanayarian ya writing ed Western literature, san sankanayarian ed Salitan Kastila. [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] Fyodor Dostoevsky 203 688 2006-10-03T13:22:44Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:Dostoevsky 1872.jpg|150px|thumb|Portrait ya indrawing nen Vasily Perov nen taon na 1872]] [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] Brothers Grimm 204 689 2006-10-03T13:23:24Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:Grimm.jpg|150px|thumb|Jacob san Wilhelm Grimm nanlapo ed 1855 painting ya inpainting nen Elisabeth Jerichau-Baumann. Wadyad kawanan si Jacob]] [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] Homer 205 690 2006-10-03T13:24:16Z Arikasikis 11 Sakey ya writer ya Greek si Homer. Say sankasikatan ton insulat, say [[Illiad]] san [[Odyssey]]. James Joyce 206 691 2006-10-03T13:29:48Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:JamesJoyce1904.jpg|150px|thumb|Litrato nen James Joyce ya inala na kapara ton estudyante ed University College Dublin - National University of Ireland, Dublin ya si Constantine P. Curran nen tiagew na [[1904]].]] [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] Victor Hugo 207 692 2006-10-03T13:30:38Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:Victor Hugo.jpg|thumb|150px|Victor-Marie Hugo.]] [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] Franz Kafka 208 693 2006-10-03T13:31:22Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:Kafka_aprox1917_small.jpg|150px|thumb|Litrato nen Franz Kafka nen taon na 1917]] [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] William Shakespeare 209 694 2006-10-03T13:32:09Z Arikasikis 11 Sankasikatan ya writer ed buon mundo si William Shakespeare balet say bilay to so balbaleg met ya misteryo. Daiset labat so anta itayo ed nagin bilay to yan henyo. Inianak da ed Stratford-upon-Avon nen Abril 23, 1564. Nanengneng tayo ed rekord na simbaan na Holy Trinity Church ya abinyagan da yan ogaw nen Abril 26, 1564. Nan-aral ed sakey ya libren “grammar school.” Kasompal tonyan anggapo lay anta itayo no anto lay agawa ed bilay to. Say sinmublay ya public rekord to et nen naasawa to si Anne Hathaway nen Nobyiembre 28, 1582. Labinwalo to labat tan si Anne et duwamplo-tan-anemira to la nen nankasal ira. Nen taon ya 1588 nanayam si William diman ed London. Akaanap na trabaho to bilang umaarte o aktor tan managsulat o playwright. Malinew ya baleg so talento to yan balon managsulat. Omman labat lay panag-ibeg da iramay masisiken lan managsulat ed sikato lalo la ya ay si Robert Greene. Intan met la nen nan-trabaho si William ed samay tatawagen ya Lord Chamberlain’s Men (King’s Men). Sikato so sanka-sikatan ya managsulat ed teatro anggan ta nagin sakey ed akanggawa na teatron Globe. Diya to la insulat iramay sikat ton Romeo tan Juliet, Anthony tan Kleopatra, Julius Caesar, Macbeth, Hamlet, A Midsummer Night’s Dream tan The Merchant of Venice. Anggapo la siguroy makatalo ed henyo to yan managsulat. Pigaran taon lay apalabas balet anggad natan nababasa tayo ni so insulat to. Anggad natan narerengel tayo ni iramay “To be or not to be,” “A rose by any other name would smell as sweet,” “Lend me your ears,” tan dakel niran arum ya balikas to. Siyopa ed saramay managsulat natan so makatalo ed makapalaram ya henyo to iyay si William Shakespeare? Anggapo la siguro. Saksakey labat so William Shakespeare diya ed mundo. Johann Sebastian Bach 210 732 2006-10-03T17:40:40Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:Johann Sebastian Bach 1746.jpg|thumb|150px|Johann Sebastian Bach nen taon na 1746] Si Johann Sebastian Bach (b. Eisenach, 25 March 1685; d.Leipzig, 28 July 1750) so sankanayarian ya composer nen panaon to. Karanggo to ra Mozart san Beethoven ya higante na history na musica. Abilay nen utit na parte na Baroque period. Nanengneng ed musika nen Bach ya akapan-aral sikato na musikon Italian, French san German. [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] [[af:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[an:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[ar:يوهان سباستيان باخ]] [[ast:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[ay:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[be:Ёган Бах]] [[bg:Йохан Себастиан Бах]] [[bn:জোহান সেবাস্টিয়ান বাখ]] [[bs:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[ca:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[cs:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[cv:Бах Иоганн Себастьян]] [[cy:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[da:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[el:Γιόχαν Σεμπάστιαν Μπαχ]] [[en:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[eo:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[es:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[et:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[eu:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[fa:یوهان سباستین باخ]] [[fi:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[fr:Jean-Sébastien Bach]] [[fy:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[ga:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[gd:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[gl:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[he:יוהן סבסטיאן באך]] [[hr:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[hu:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[id:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[io:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[is:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[it:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[ja:ヨハン・ゼバスティアン・バッハ]] [[jbo:io'an.zybastian.bax]] [[jv:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[ka:ბახი, იოჰან სებასტიან]] [[ko:요한 제바스티안 바흐]] [[ku:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[la:Iohannes Sebastianus Bach]] [[lb:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[li:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[lt:Johanas Sebastianas Bachas]] [[lv:Johans Sebastians Bahs]] [[mk:Јохан Себастијан Бах]] [[ms:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[mt:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[nah:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[nds:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[nl:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[nn:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[no:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[pl:Jan Sebastian Bach]] [[pt:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[ro:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[ru:Бах, Иоганн Себастьян]] [[scn:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[sco:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[sh:Johan Sebastijan Bah]] [[simple:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[sk:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[sl:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[sq:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[sr:Јохан Себастијан Бах]] [[su:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[sv:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[sw:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[th:โยฮันน์ เซบาสเทียน บาค]] [[tl:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[tr:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[uk:Бах Йоганн Себастьян]] [[ur:جوہن باخ]] [[vi:Johann Sebastian Bach]] [[zh:约翰·塞巴斯蒂安·巴赫]] [[zh-yue:巴哈]] The Beatles 211 696 2006-10-03T13:33:50Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:Beatles.jpg|thumb|right|The Beatles nen 1964. Kawigi paulad kawanan: John, Paul, George, Ringo]] Sakey ya popular ya banda so '''The Beatles''' nen 1960s. Saray miembro na banda: [[John Lennon]], [[Paul McCartney]], [[George Harrison]] san [[Ringo Starr]]. Gimmapo so banda ed [[Liverpool]] diad [[England]]. Simmikat ya maong so banda ed entiron mundo, sanka sakey ran sankaimpluensiyaan ed history na music. Si [[Brian Epstein]] so manager da. San si [[George Martin]] si nan-produce na karaklan na album da. === Listaan na Album Da === * ''Please Please Me'' (1963) * ''With the Beatles'' (1963) * ''A Hard Day's Night'' (1964) * ''Beatles for Sale'' (1964) * ''Help!'' (1965) * ''Rubber Soul'' (1965) * ''Revolver'' (1966) * ''[[Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band]]'' (1967) * ''Magical Mystery Tour'' (1967) (Double EP) * ''The Beatles (White Album)'' (1968) * ''Yellow Submarine'' (1969) * ''Abbey Road'' (1969) * ''Let It Be'' (1970) [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] Ludwig van Beethoven 212 697 2006-10-03T13:35:18Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:Beethoven wiki.jpg|thumb|150px|left|[[Ludwig van Beethoven]]]] Sakey ya German ya tagasulat na musika si '''Ludwig van Beethoven'''. Enianak nen 1770 san enatey nen Marso 26, 1827. Say sikat ran ensulat ton musika: fifth san ninth symphonies san say piano piece ya ''[[Für Elise]]''. Nen 1801, atelek si Beethoven. Nen 1817, agapo lay nadengel to. Anggano aga la maka-concert, endirecho toy panag-compose na musika san ed ayan panaon ensulat toy sankanayarian to ran Musika. [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] ==External link== *[http://www.lvbeethoven.com/index_En.html English homepage of big Beethoven website] [[ar:لودفيج فان بيتهوفن]] [[an:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[ast:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[bn:লুড‌উইগ ভ্যান বেইটোভেন]] [[be:Людвіг ван Бетховен]] [[bs:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[bg:Лудвиг ван Бетховен]] [[ca:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[ceb:Beethoven]] [[cs:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[cy:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[da:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[de:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[et:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[el:Λούντβιχ βαν Μπετόβεν]] [[en:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[es:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[eo:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[eu:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[fa:لودویگ وان بتهوون]] [[fr:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[fy:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[gd:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[gl:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[ko:루트비히 판 베토벤]] [[hr:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[io:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[ilo:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[id:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[is:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[it:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[he:לודוויג ואן בטהובן]] [[jv:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[ka:ბეთჰოვენი, ლუდვიგ ვან]] [[la:Ludovicus van Beethoven]] [[lv:Ludvigs van Bēthovens]] [[lt:Liudvikas van Bethovenas]] [[li:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[hu:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[mk:Лудвиг ван Бетовен]] [[mt:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[ms:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[nah:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[nl:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[ja:ルートヴィヒ・ヴァン・ベートーヴェン]] [[no:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[nn:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[oc:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[pl:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[pt:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[ro:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[ru:Бетховен, Людвиг ван]] [[war:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[sco:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[sq:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[scn:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[sk:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[sl:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[sr:Лудвиг ван Бетовен]] [[sh:Ludvig Van Betoven]] [[fi:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[sv:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[tl:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[th:ลุดวิก ฟาน เบโทเฟน]] [[vi:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[tr:Ludwig van Beethoven]] [[uk:Бетховен Людвіґ ван]] [[zh:贝多芬]] Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart 213 699 2006-10-03T13:37:15Z Arikasikis 11 Sakey ya Austrian ya manag-sulat na musika si '''Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart'''. Eniayak ed siyudad na [[Salzburg]] nen Enero 27, 1756. Akapansulat na 600 ya piyesan musika, ya kaiba so operan (musika ya walay estoria) [[Don Giovanni]] and [[Die Zauberflöte]]. Enatey nen Disyembre 5, 1791, 35 years old ne labat. [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] ==External links== *[http://www.mozartproject.org/index.html The Mozart Project] *[http://www.panoramablick.com Mozart livecams] Live pictures of Mozart Birth house, Mozart Monument, Mozart View and so on. [[af:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[ar:فولفغانغ أماديوس موتسارت]] [[an:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[ast:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[bs:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[bg:Волфганг Амадеус Моцарт]] [[ca:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[cs:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[cy:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[da:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[de:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[et:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[el:Βόλφγκανγκ Αμαντέους Μότσαρτ]] [[en:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[es:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[eo:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[eu:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[fa:ولفگانگ آمادئوس موتزارت]] [[fr:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[fy:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[ga:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[gd:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[gl:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[ko:볼프강 아마데우스 모차르트]] [[hi:मोटज़ार्ट]] [[hr:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[io:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[ilo:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[id:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[is:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[it:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[he:וולפגנג אמדאוס מוצרט]] [[jv:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[kn:ವುಲ್ಫ್‌ಗ್ಯಾಂಗ್ ಅಮೆಡಿಯುಸ್ ಮೊಟ್ಜಾರ್ಟ್]] [[ka:მოცარტი, ვოლფგანგ ამადეუს]] [[kw:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[sw:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[ku:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[la:Wolfgangus Amadeus Mozart]] [[lv:Volfgangs Amadejs Mocarts]] [[lb:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[lt:Volfgangas Amadėjus Mocartas]] [[li:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[jbo:vulfygan.amade,us.motsart]] [[hu:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[mk:Волфганг Амадеус Моцарт]] [[ms:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[nah:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[nl:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[ja:ヴォルフガング・アマデウス・モーツァルト]] [[no:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[nn:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[oc:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[nds:Mozart]] [[pl:Wolfgang Amadeusz Mozart]] [[pt:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[ro:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[ru:Моцарт, Вольфганг Амадей]] [[sco:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[sq:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[scn:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[sk:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[sl:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[sr:Волфганг Амадеус Моцарт]] [[sh:Volfgang Amadeus Mocart]] [[fi:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[sv:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[tl:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[ta:வொல்ஃப்கேங்க் அமதியுஸ் மோட்ஸார்ட்]] [[th:โวล์ฟกัง อะมาเดอุส โมซาร์ท]] [[vi:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[tr:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] [[uk:Моцарт Вольфґанґ Амадей]] [[zh:沃尔夫冈·阿马多伊斯·莫扎特]] Roald Amundsen 214 700 2006-10-03T13:37:59Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:RoaldAmundsen.JPG|thumb|150px|Roald Amundsen]] Sakey ya Norwegian explorer na saray polar region si '''Roald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen''' ([[July 16]], 1872; June 18?, 1928). [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] Jacques Cartier 215 701 2006-10-03T13:38:45Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:Cartier.png|thumb|150px|right|Portrait nen Jacques Cartier ya inpainting nen Théophile Hamel, ca. 1844. Anggapoy antan contemporary portrait nen Cartier.]] Sakey ya French explorer si '''Jacques Cartier''' (Enianak nen Disyembre 31, 1491 san enatey nen Septiyembre 1, 1557), ya bininyagan ed ngaran na '''Jakez Karter'''. [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] Christopher Columbus 216 781 2006-10-04T01:42:43Z 128.12.61.106 Typo and interwiki links; I am [[en:User:Mxn]] [[vi:User:Mxn]] [[Image:Face Christopher Columbus.jpg|thumb|150px|Painting na itsura Christopher Columbus ya ginawa nen Alejo Fernández.]] Sakey ya explorer san trader si Christopher Columbus (1451 anggad Mayo 20, 1506). Abaliw toy Atlantic Ocean san akasabi ed Amerika nen Octubre 12, 1492. [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] [[af:Christophorus Columbus]] [[ar:كريستوفر كولومبوس]] [[an:Cristofo Colombo]] [[ast:Cristóbal Colón]] [[az:Xristofor Kolumb]] [[id:Christopher Columbus]] [[ms:Christopher Columbus]] [[bn:ক্রিস্টোফার কলম্বাস]] [[be:Хрыстафор Калумб]] [[bs:Kristofor Kolumbo]] [[br:Kristol Goulm]] [[bg:Христофор Колумб]] [[ca:Cristòfor Colom]] [[cs:Kryštof Kolumbus]] [[cy:Christopher Columbus]] [[da:Christoffer Columbus]] [[de:Christoph Kolumbus]] [[et:Christoph Kolumbus]] [[el:Χριστόφορος Κολόμβος]] [[en:Christopher Columbus]] [[es:Cristóbal Colón]] [[eo:Kristoforo Kolumbo]] [[eu:Kristobal Kolon]] [[fa:کریستف کلمب]] [[fr:Christophe Colomb]] [[ga:Criostóir Colambas]] [[gd:Cristoforo Colombo]] [[gl:Cristovo Colón]] [[ko:크리스토퍼 콜럼버스]] [[hr:Kristofor Kolumbo]] [[io:Cristoforo Colombo]] [[is:Kristófer Kólumbus]] [[it:Cristoforo Colombo]] [[he:כריסטופר קולומבוס]] [[ka:კოლუმბი, ქრისტეფორე]] [[la:Christophorus Columbus]] [[lv:Kristofors Kolumbs]] [[lt:Kristupas Kolumbas]] [[hu:Kolumbusz Kristóf]] [[mk:Кристофер Колумбо]] [[nah:Cristóbal Colón]] [[nl:Christoffel Columbus]] [[ja:クリストファー・コロンブス]] [[no:Christofer Columbus]] [[nn:Christofer Columbus]] [[oc:Cristòl Colomb]] [[nds:Christoph Kolumbus]] [[pl:Krzysztof Kolumb]] [[pt:Cristóvão Colombo]] [[ksh:Christoph Kolumbus]] [[ro:Cristofor Columb]] [[ru:Колумб, Христофор]] [[sco:Christopher Columbus]] [[sq:Kristofor Kolombi]] [[scn:Cristòfuru Culommu]] [[simple:Christopher Columbus]] [[sk:Krištof Kolumbus]] [[sl:Krištof Kolumb]] [[sr:Кристифор Колумбо]] [[sh:Kristofor Kolumbo]] [[fi:Kristoffer Kolumbus]] [[sv:Christofer Columbus]] [[tl:Christopher Columbus]] [[ta:கொலம்பஸ்]] [[th:คริสตอเฟอร์ โคลัมบัส]] [[vi:Cristoforo Colombo]] [[tg:Христофор Колумб]] [[tr:Kristof Kolomb]] [[uk:Колумб Христофор]] [[yi:קאלאמבוס]] [[zh-yue:哥倫布]] [[zh:克里斯托弗·哥伦布]] Hernán Cortés 217 703 2006-10-03T13:40:15Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:Cortes-Hernando-LOC.jpg|thumb|150px|Hernán Cortés]] Sakey ya conquistador si Hernán(do) Cortés, marqués del Valle de Oaxaca (1485–December 2, 1547). Sikato so nan-sakop na Mexico para ed Espanya. [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] Francis Drake 218 704 2006-10-03T13:41:02Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:FrancisDrake.jpg|framed|Francis Drake.]] Sakey ya English navigator, politiko, san raider si Francis Drake (1540 anggad Enero 28, 1596). Sikato so sankaonaan ya captain ya atelek toy mundo (si Magellan komon balet enatey balo to asumpal so biyahe to). [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] Vasco da Gama 219 705 2006-10-03T13:41:47Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:Vasco da Gama.jpg|thumb|Vasco da Gama]] Sakey ya Portuguese explorer si Vasco de Gama (enianak nen 1469 diad Siner odino Vidigueira, Alentejo, Portugal san enatey nen Disyembre 24, 1524 diad Kochi, India), san sikato so unaan ya toon nan baloto manlapod Europe anggad India. [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] Marco Polo 220 706 2006-10-03T13:42:34Z Arikasikis 11 Sakey ya Italian trader san explorer si '''Marco Polo''' (1254 - Enero 8, 1324). Akaula si Marco Polo, kaiba toy pamilya to, ed Mongolia, ya diad panaon ya aman nansakop ed China. Simmikat si Marco Polo ed Europe, lapor say estoria to duma san interesting. [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] [[ar:ماركو بولو]] [[ast:Marco Polo]] [[br:Marco Polo]] [[bg:Марко Поло]] [[ca:Marco Polo]] [[cs:Marco Polo]] [[cy:Marco Polo]] [[da:Marco Polo]] [[de:Marco Polo]] [[el:Μάρκο Πόλο]] [[en:Marco Polo]] [[es:Marco Polo]] [[eo:Marko Polo]] [[eu:Marco Polo]] [[fr:Marco Polo]] [[ga:Marco Polo]] [[gd:Marco Polo]] [[gl:Marco Polo]] [[hr:Marko Polo]] [[io:Marco Polo]] [[id:Marco Polo]] [[it:Marco Polo]] [[he:מרקו פולו]] [[jv:Marco Polo]] [[la:Marcus Paulus Venetus]] [[lt:Markas Polas]] [[hu:Marco Polo]] [[mk:Марко Поло]] [[ms:Marco Polo]] [[nl:Marco Polo]] [[ja:マルコ・ポーロ]] [[no:Marco Polo]] [[nn:Marco Polo]] [[pl:Marco Polo]] [[pt:Marco Polo]] [[ro:Marco Polo]] [[ru:Поло, Марко]] [[sco:Marco Polo]] [[sq:Marco Polo]] [[scn:Marcu Polu]] [[sk:Marco Polo]] [[sl:Marco Polo]] [[sr:Марко Поло]] [[sh:Marko Polo]] [[fi:Marco Polo]] [[sv:Marco Polo]] [[tl:Marco Polo]] [[ta:மார்கோ போலோ]] [[th:มาร์โก โปโล]] [[vi:Marco Polo]] [[tr:Marko Polo]] [[uk:Поло Марко]] [[zh:马可·波罗]] Isaac Newton 221 708 2006-10-03T13:43:43Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg|150px|thumb|Sir Isaac Newton diad portrait ya ginawa nen Godfrey Kneller nen 1689]] [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] Thomas Aquinas 222 709 2006-10-03T13:44:37Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:St-thomas-aquinas.jpg|150px|thumb|Depiction nen Carlo Crivelli]] Sakey ya Italyano san Romano Katoliko ya philosopher si '''Saint Thomas Aquinas''' ['''Thomas of Aquin''', '''Aquino''', odino '''Santo Tomas Aquino'''] (enianak nen 1225 san enatey nen March 7, 1274). Lapor ed saray ensulat to, akabat ya '''Doctor Angelicus, Doctor Universalis'''. [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] Aristotle 223 710 2006-10-03T13:45:31Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:Aristoteles Louvre.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Aristotle, [[marble]] copy na [[bronze]] nen [[Lysippos]]. [[Louvre Museum]].]] '''Aristotle''' ([[Greek language|Greek]] Αριστοτέλης Aristotelēs) (enianak [[384 BC]] diad [[Stagira]], ed [[Macedonia]], Greece; enatey [[Marso 7]], [[322 BC]] diad [[Chalicis]], [[Euboea]], Greece), sakey ya daan ya Greece|Greek]] [[philosopher]]. Para ed dakel ran totoo, sikato san si [[Plato]], so sankaimportantean ya philosopher ed kanunotan na West. Wala ray mangibabaga ya akapansulat si Aristotle na 150 libro ed Philosophy. [[Wikipedia:listaan_ya_nakaukulan_ed_balang_salita | listaan ya nakaukulan ya artikulo ed balang salita]] Friedrich Nietzsche 224 711 2006-10-03T13:46:12Z Arikasikis 11 Sakey ya Pilosopon Aleman si Friedrich Nietzsche ya inianak da nen Oktubre 15, 1844 ed Röcken bei Lützen asinger ed lugar na Leipzig. Baleg so pananisia to ed importansiya’s bilay na too tan iramay reyalidad tonya. Anggapoy pikabat to ed saray doktrina ya anggapoy usar to ed reyalidad tonya’y bilay tayo diya ed mundo. “Existentialist” so tawag da ed onyan pananisia nen Nietzsche. United States 225 714 2006-10-03T13:53:35Z Arikasikis 11 Say '''United States na America''', ya kabat met ya '''United States''', '''U.S.''', '''U.S.A''', '''States''', odino '''America''', sakey ya [[bansa]] diad [[North America]]. Kabay na United States, ya sakey ya [[republikan federal]], so bansan [[Canada]] san [[Mexico]]. Sa sakey side do wadyad [[Atlantic Ocean]] san sakey side to wadyad [[Pacific Ocean]]. Say Capital na U.S., naanap ed [[Washington, D.C.]]. Architecture 226 719 2006-10-03T14:07:11Z Arikasikis 11 Kabat ran Architect [[Locsin]] [[Gaudi]] Nicolaus Copernicus 228 733 2006-10-03T17:42:53Z Arikasikis 11 [[ar:نيكولاس كوبرنيكوس]] [[bg:Николай Коперник]] [[bn:নিকলাস কপারনিকাস]] [[bs:Nikola Kopernik]] [[ca:Nicolau Copèrnic]] [[co:Nicolò Copernico]] [[cs:Mikuláš Koperník]] [[da:Nicolaus Kopernikus]] [[el:Κοπέρνικος]] [[en:Nicolaus Copernicus]] [[eo:Koperniko]] [[es:Nicolás Copérnico]] [[et:Mikołaj Kopernik]] [[eu:Nikolas Koperniko]] [[fa:نیکلاس کوپرنیک]] [[fi:Nikolaus Kopernikus]] [[fr:Nicolas Copernic]] [[fy:Nicolaus Copernicus]] [[gl:Nicolás Copérnico]] [[he:ניקולאוס קופרניקוס]] [[hr:Nikola Kopernik]] [[hu:Nikolaus Kopernikusz]] [[id:Nicolaus Copernicus]] [[is:Nikulás Kópernikus]] [[it:Nicolò Copernico]] [[ja:ニコラウス・コペルニクス]] [[ko:니콜라우스 코페르니쿠스]] [[la:Nicolaus Copernicus]] [[lb:Nikolaus Kopernikus]] [[lij:Nicolò Copernico]] [[lt:Mikalojus Kopernikas]] [[nds:Nikolaus Kopernikus]] [[nds-nl:Nicolaus Copernicus]] [[nl:Nicolaus Copernicus]] [[no:Nikolaus Kopernicus]] [[pl:Mikołaj Kopernik]] [[pt:Nicolau Copérnico]] [[ro:Nicolaus Copernic]] [[ru:Коперник, Николай]] [[sc:Nicolò Copernico]] [[scn:Nicculò Cupèrnicu]] [[sco:Nicolaus Copernicus]] [[sh:Nikola Kopernik]] [[simple:Nicolaus Copernicus]] [[sk:Mikuláš Kopernik]] [[sl:Nikolaj Kopernik]] [[sq:Nikolaus Kopernikus]] [[sr:Никола Коперник]] [[sv:Nicolaus Copernicus]] [[ta:நிக்கோலாஸ் கோப்பர்னிக்கஸ்]] [[th:นิโคเลาส์ โคเปอร์นิคัส]] [[tl:Nicolaus Copernicus]] [[tr:Mikolaj Kopernik]] [[uk:Коперник Микола]] [[vi:Nicolaus Copernicus]] [[zh:尼古拉·哥白尼]] Numero 229 735 2006-10-03T17:48:25Z Arikasikis 11 Bilang na numero 1 - sakey 2 - dwara 3 - talora 4 - apatera 5 - limara 6 - animmira 7 - pitora 8 - walora 9 - siyammera 10 - samplora 11 - labinsakey 12 - labindwa 13 -labintalo 14 -labin-apat 15 - labinlima 16 - labin-anem 17 - labinpito 18 - labinwalo 19 - labinsiyam 20 - dwamplo Ama Mi 230 1070 2006-10-14T18:31:30Z Arikasikis 11 Ama mi a wala ed tawen, nagalang so ngaran Mo, onsabiy panarian Mo, onorey linawam, diad dalin a onung ed tawen. Say kanen min inagew-agew, iter mo ed sikami ed agew aya. Paandian Mo ray kasalanan mi, onung na panamaandi miy kasalanan day akapankasalanan ed sikami; tan ag mo kami iter ya onabuloy ed tukso, ilaban Mo kami ingen ed mauges. [[als:Vaterunser]] [[ang:Fæder ūre]] [[roa-rup:Tată a nostru]] [[be:Ойча наш]] [[ca:Parenostre]] [[cs:Otčenáš]] [[da:Fader vor]] [[de:Vaterunser]] [[et:Meieisapalve]] [[el:Κυριακή προσευχή]] [[es:Padrenuestro]] [[eo:Patro Nia]] [[fi:Isä meidän]] [[fo:Faðir vár]] [[fr:Notre Père]] [[fur:Pari Nestri]] [[gd:Urnaigh an Tighearna]] [[gl:Noso Pai]] [[got:ð°ððð° ð¿ð½ðð°ð]] [[ko:주기도문]] [[hi:विनय से स्वामी]] [[hsb:Wótčenaš]] [[io:Patro nia]] [[id:Bapa Kami]] [[is:Faðir vor]] [[it:Padre Nostro]] [[jv:Kanjeng Rama]] [[kw:Pader]] [[ku:Bavê me]] [[la:Pater noster]] [[lt:Tėve mūsų]] [[hu:Miatyánk]] [[mk:Оче наш]] [[mi:Inoi a te Ariki]] [[my:Lord's Prayer]] [[nah:Totatzine in ilhuicac]] [[fj:Na Masu]] [[nl:Onzevader]] [[nds-nl:Onzevaor]] [[ja:主の祈り]] [[no:Fader vår]] [[nds:Vadderunser]] [[pl:Ojcze nasz]] [[pt:Pai Nosso]] [[ro:Rugăciunea domnească]] [[ru:Отче Наш]] [[sm:Tatalo o le Alii]] [[st:Lord's Prayer]] [[sq:Ati yne]] [[sl:Očenaš]] [[sv:Herrens bön]] [[tl:Ama Namin]] [[ta:கிறிஸ்து கற்பித்த செபம்]] [[th:การอธิษฐานของศาสนาคริสต์]] [[chr:ᎣᎩᏙᏓ ᎦᎸᎳᏗ ᎮᎯ]] [[uk:Отче наш]] [[vo:Pleked Söla]] [[fiu-vro:Mi Esä]] [[zh:主禱文]] [[bat-smg:Tėve Mūsų]] [[hr:Oče naš]] Ave Maria 231 1069 2006-10-14T18:28:37Z Arikasikis 11 Ave Maria, napno ka’y grasya. Say Katawan so wala ed sika. Bendita kad biin amin tan bendito so bungay eges mon si Jesus. Santa Maria, Inay Dios, pikasi mo kami ya managkasalanan, natan tan naani ed oras na ipatey mi. Amen. [[ceb:Maghimaya ka Maria]] [[de:Ave Maria]] [[mh:Io̧kwe eok Maria]] [[es:Ave María]] [[eo:Ave Maria]] [[fr:Je vous salue Marie]] [[id:Salam Maria]] [[it:Ave Maria]] [[he:אווה מריה]] [[la:Ave Maria]] [[li:Weesgegroetje]] [[hu:Üdvözlégy]] [[na:A kamawireij uw Maria]] [[nl:Weesgegroet]] [[ja:アヴェ・マリア]] [[no:Hill deg, Maria]] [[pl:Zdrowaś Maryjo]] [[pt:Ave Maria]] [[ksh:Ave Maria]] [[ru:Аве Мария]] [[sk:Zdravas Mária]] [[fi:Ave Maria]] [[sv:Ave Maria]] [[tl:Aba Ginoong Maria]] [[uk:Богородице Діво]] [[zh:瑪利亞]] Nagalang 232 1072 2006-10-14T18:34:16Z Arikasikis 11 Nagalang so Dios Ama, Dios Anak tan Dios Espiritu Santo. Unong ed gapo, natan tan lawas ed ando lan ando. Amen. [[en:Glory Be]] [[fr:Gloire au Père]] [[it:Gloria al Padre]] [[pl:Chwała Ojcu]] [[sk:Sláva Otcu]] Gloria 233 740 2006-10-03T21:46:33Z Arikasikis 11 Nagalang so Dios ed sankatageyan tan diad dalin kareenan ed saray totoon maong ya inpanlinawa. Idayew mi Ka. Itandoro mi Ka. Dakmomoan mi Ka. Igalang mi ka. Misalamat kamid Sika, lapud matalonan galang Mo. O Dios a Katawan, mangatatawen ya Ari, Dios Aman makapanyarin amin. O Jesucriston Katawan, bogbogtong ya Anak. O Dios a Katawan, Corderoy Dios, Anak na Ama, ya mamaandi kasalanany talba, kasian Mo kami. Sika ya mamaandi kasalanany talba, kasian Mo kami. Sika ya mamaandi kasalanay talba, akom pa ray pikakasi mi. Sika a manyorong ed kawanay Ama, kasian Mo kami. Ta Sikan bokor so masanto, Sikan bokor so Katawan, Sikan bokor so sankatageyan, O Jesucristo, a katekep Moy Espiritu Santo, ed galang na Dios Ama. Amen. Manisia Ak 234 741 2006-10-03T21:46:54Z Arikasikis 11 Manisia ak ed Dios a makapanyarin amin, manamalsay tawen tan dalin. Manisia ak ed Hesukriston Anak Ton bogtong, a Katawan tayo. Tinmoo ed gaway Espiritu Santo tan inyanak nen Virgen Maria. Inpapairap nen Poncio Pilato, inpasak ed Krus, inatey tan inkotkot. Inmakseb ed saray inatey. Diad komatlon agueo inmolin binmilay. Tinmokotok ed taoen tan manyorong ed kawanay Ama. Onla dia lamet a mangokom ed saray mabilay tan inatey. Manisia ak ed Espiritu Santo. Sisiaen ko met so Santa Iglesia Katolika, say pannanabangan day sasantos, say panamaandiy kasalanan, say kiolid bilay na laman, tan say bilay ya ag naandi. Amen. Jesus a Dios tan Ari mi 235 1325 2006-10-18T09:20:33Z 130.54.12.247 Jesus a Dios tan Ari mi Aguin manangilaban Say dayew tan salamat mi Isaklang mi ra natan. Nanarian moy inlaknab mod Kabansaay inerman Diad sikatoy pakalmoan mi Bilay tan kilalaban. Sika tan diad simbaan mo Bilay mi inispan mi Anggad diad tawen say liket So lawas ibelyaw mi. Ondakmomo itayo 236 744 2006-10-03T21:53:16Z Arikasikis 11 Ondakmomo itayon Mangigalang ed Jesus O itilan ondagon Manpikasi ed mablin Dios. Koro: O Jesus a Katawan mi, ipelag moy panangasim. O Jesus a Katawan mi, ipelag moy panangasim. Diad amin ya segsegang Si Jesus maabagey No ngaran toy tawagen, Denglen toy ami’y ey-ey. GALIN AMIN 237 745 2006-10-03T21:53:51Z Arikasikis 11 Galin amin agagi, ya mangigalang ed Dios Liket kumoy pantiponan. Galin amin agagi. Puso tayoy lukasan, puso tayoy isaklang Ed maaro ya Katawan. Galin amin agagi. Say Dios natan kantaan, say Dios natan igalang Liket kumoy pantiponan. Galin amin agagi. HESUS YA DIOS TAN ARI MI 238 746 2006-10-03T21:54:22Z Arikasikis 11 Hesus ya Dios tan Ari mi Aguin Manangilaban Say dayew tan salamat mi, Isaklang mi ra natan. Nanarian moy inlaknab Mod Kabansaay inerman. Diad Sikatoy pakalmoan miy Bilay tan kilalaban Sika tan diad Simbaan mi Bilay mi isipan mi Anggad diad tawen say liket So lawas ibelyaw mi. Maaron Jesus 239 747 2006-10-03T21:54:51Z Arikasikis 11 Maaron Jesus, sobul na panangasi Sikay bilay tan aro min amin. Akom payay lawas mogmon kerew mi Tan aagmo pa komon ikaindan. KORO: Puson maaro, gawam pay puso mi Ya maolibay ed satay simpit mo. Oyla komon ta lawas maoyamo So puso min manlingkor ed Sika Tan diad nanarian mon andi angga Liket tan aro so itumang Mo. Jesus Pirdonaen Mo ak 240 748 2006-10-03T21:55:26Z Arikasikis 11 Jesus pirdonaen mo ak, tan nakasalanan ak Ag Mo ak pa paulian ya makasian ed dalan Siak la so manbabawi ed inpakasalanan ko, Jesus, pirdonaen mo ak, nakasalanan ak. Jesus pirdonaen Mo ak ta nanakasalanan ak, Ed kaparak ya too, kabosul tan kakaaro. Siak la so manbabawi ed inpanksalanan ko, Jesus, pirdonaen Mo ak, nankasalanan ak. Jesus pirdona en Mo ak, ta nanakasalnan ak. Agwat Mo ak pad irap, laman tan kamarewak. Siak la so manbabawi ed inpankasalanan ko, Jesus, pirdonaen Mo ak, nankasalanan ak. Galin Amin 241 750 2006-10-03T21:56:48Z Arikasikis 11 Galin amin agagi, ya mangigalang ed Dios Liket kumoy pantiponan. Galin amin agagi. Puso tayoy lukasan, puso tayoy isaklang Ed maaro ya Katawan. Galin amin agagi. Say Dios natan kantaan, say Dios natan igalang Liket kumoy pantiponan. Galin amin agagi. Hesus ya Dios tan Ari Mi 242 751 2006-10-03T21:57:13Z Arikasikis 11 Hesus ya Dios tan Ari mi Aguin Manangilaban Say dayew tan salamat mi, Isaklang mi ra natan. Nanarian moy inlaknab Mod Kabansaay inerman. Diad Sikatoy pakalmoan miy Bilay tan kilalaban Sika tan diad Simbaan mi Bilay mi isipan mi Anggad diad tawen say liket So lawas ibelyaw mi. O Arin Manamalsa 243 752 2006-10-03T21:57:41Z Arikasikis 11 O Arin manamalsa, Sikay igalang mi Say bagat min pinalsa, nia isaklang mi Komon ta sayan bagat, sikay napaliket Tan kasalanay talba, perdonaen mo met. Laman Mo insaklang Mo, Dalam interter Mo. Ta pian say kasalanan, jesus paandien Mo Onung ya nunoten mi, so impatey mod krus Bilay mi isaklang min ami’d Sika Jesus. Awaten Koy Mabilay a Dios 244 753 2006-10-03T21:58:09Z Arikasikis 11 Awaten moy mabilay, ya dios kon mamaliket. Awaten moy mabilay, ya dios kon mamaliket. Inkuanto: tinapay Ak ya amolin mamabilay Say minabang ya akoen to ak Agto takotay patey. Awaten… Inkuanto: Siak so dalan. Say Amak labay to ka Tan sikay isempet ko Pian sakey kayo lamet. Inkuanto: katuaan ak. Et no siak so sisiaen Siak so tuan naamtaan, Tan salitak so okbor mo. Inkuanto: siak so Bilay, A sengeg na itubo Awaten mo yan Laman Naamtaan moy Espirituk. Adios 245 754 2006-10-03T21:58:35Z Arikasikis 11 Adios O Reinay tawen Inan ar-aroen Marian mapagalang Sikay pataniran. Adios Inan malagak Ina na Dios anak Esposan mapararo Na Espiritu Santo. Adios gayagay tawen Ligliway maermen Salimbeng day makabos Adios, Adios, Adios. Misalamat 246 755 2006-10-03T21:59:00Z Arikasikis 11 Misalamt kami Ama Ed ianwat ni a gracia Biskeg na pananisia Panangaro, panagserbi. KORO; Paakseb Noy bendision Mo. Ed sikami ya Anak Mo Ya misalamat ed Sika Ya andi angga. O Maria O Ligliwa 247 756 2006-10-03T21:59:27Z Arikasikis 11 Refrain: O Maria, O ligliwa tan Ina ya maaro Tulongan mo ak, idalan mo ak Ya onarap ed tawen. Saray dayew mo, Maria Diad mundo ipalapag Say ngaran mon mapagalang Bitlaen kon maranay. O Maria… Diad amin a kaatapan Tan tukso na demonyo Ampayam so kamareruak Pian lawas natalo. O Maria.. Sikay mananulong mi; Sikay panilaloan. Diad bilay tan diad patey Ag mo kami paolian. O Maria… Rito 248 757 2006-10-03T22:03:22Z Arikasikis 11 * [[Panuntunan na Misa]] * [[Rito na Panpuyok na Santa Lana ed say Mansasakit]] Panuntunan na Misa 249 758 2006-10-03T22:04:18Z Arikasikis 11 RITO NA PANAGPARAAN SAY ILOOB (alagey) (Kanta ed iloob) P: Diad ngaray Ama tan Anak tan Espiritu Santo. K: Amen. P: Say gracia na Katawan tayon Hesucristo, tan say aro na Dios, tan say pikakasakey na Espiritu Santo so wala komun ed sikayon amin. K: Ontan met ed sika. PANAGSIBKEL P: Agagik ira, pian niparaan tayoy inkasikatayo a manumpal na saray masantos a misterio, nunoten tayo ray kasalanan tayo. (man-ulimek tan man-umameng) A: Mankonfesar ak ed Dios a makapanyarin amin, tan diad sikayon agagik ta nankasalanan ak ed nunot ko, salitak, gawak tan liwat ko. (patokey pagew) Kanian mikasi ak ed Santa Marian lawas Virgen, amin day angeles tan sasantos tan diad sikayon agagik, ta pikasi yo ak ed Dios a Katawan tayo. P: Kasian itayo komuy Dios a makapanyarin amin, paandien To ray kasalanan tayo, tan iyakar To itayod maandon bilay. K: Amen. KYRIE (Ikanta odino isalita) P: Katawan, mangasi Ka. K: Katawan, mangasi Ka. P: Kristo, mangasi Ka. K: Kristo, mangasi Ka. P: Katawan, mangasi Ka. K: Katawan, mangasi Ka. GLORIA (Ikanta odino isalita) A: Nagalang so Dios ed sankatageyan, tan diad dalin kareenan ed saray totoon maong ya inpanlinawa. Idayew mi Ka. Itandoro mi Ka. Dakmomoan mi Ka. Igalang mi Ka. Misalamat kamid Sika, lapud matalonan galang Mo. O Dios a Katawan, mangatatawen ya Ari, Dios Aman makapanyarin amin. O Hesukriston Katawan, bogbogtong ya Anak , O Dios a Katawan, Korderoy Dios, Anak na Ama, ya manamaandi kasalanay talba, kasian Mo kami. Sika ya manamaandi kasalanay talba, akom pa ray pikakasi mi. Sika a manyorong ed kawanay Ama, kasian Mo kami. Ta Sikan bokor so masanto, Sikan bokor so Katawan, Sikan bokor so sankatageyan, Hesucristo, a katekep Moy Espiritu Santo, ed galang na Dios Ama. Amen. P: Mikasi tayo…. K: Amen. LITURGIA NA SALITAY KATAWAN UNONAN BABASAEN (yorong) (panbasa ed Masanton Eskriptura) L: Saya so salitay Katawan. K: Salamat ed Dios. KUMADWAN BABASAEN (panbasa ed Masanton Eskriptura) L: Saya so salitay Katawan. K: Salamat ed Dios. ALLELUYA (Ikanta odino isalita ) (alagey) Ibanghilyo P: Say Katawan so wala komun ed sikayo. K: Ontan met ed Sika. P: Babasaen ya inaon ed masanton Ibanghilyo onung ed... K: Nagalang Ka Katawan. (+) P: Saya so Ibanghilyo na Katawan. K: Narayew Ka, Katawan a Hesukristo. PALIWAWA(SERMON) (yorong) PANGIBELIAW NA PANANISIA A: Manisia ak ed Dios a makapanyarin amin, manamalsay tawen tan dalin. Manisia ak ed Hesukriston Anak Ton bogtong, a Katawan tayo. Tinmoo ed gaway Espiritu Santo tan inyanak nen Virgen Maria. Inpapairap nen Poncio Pilato, inpasak ed Krus, inatey tan inkotkot. Inmakseb ed saray inatey. Diad komatlon agueo inmolin binmilay. Tinmokotok ed taoen tan manyorong ed kawanay Ama. Onla dia lamet a mangokom ed saray mabilay tan inatey. Manisia ak ed Espiritu Santo. Sisiaen ko met so Santa Iglesia Katolika, say pannanabangan day sasantos, say panamaandiy kasalanan, say kiolid bilay na laman, tan say bilay ya ag naandi. Amen. LAPAG A PIKAKASI LITURGIA NA EUCARISTIA PANANGISAKLANG (yorong) P: Nagalang Ka, Katawan…………. pian mgamaliw ed sikami a tinapay na bilay. K: Nagalang so Dios ed ando lan ando. P: Nagalang Ka, Katawan…. ….pian magmaliw ya inumen ya onkanad kamarerua mi. K: Nagalang so Dios ed ando lan ando. (Mandasal so pari tan manuras na lima to) P: Mikasi tayo, agagik, pian sayan bagat tayo et onkanan akoen na Dios Aman makapanyarin amin. K: Akoen komun na Katawan so bagat a manlapud saray limam a pangirayew tan pangigalang ed ngaran To, yo onkana met ed kaabigan tayo, tan kaabigan na lapag ya Iglesia To. DASAL ED BAGAT (alagey) P: … ……….nen Hesukriston Katawan tayo. K: Amen. DASAL NA PISASALAMAT P: Say Katawan so wala komun ed sikayo. K: Ontan met ed sika. P: Itangwa yo ray kapusoan yo. K: Intangwa mi la rad Katawan. P: Misalamat tayod Dios a Katawan tayo. K: Matunong so misalamat tan mangirayew ed Sikato. P: Ama……………………….. PANANGITANDURO (ikanta odino isalita) A: Santo, Santo, Santon Katawan; Dios a makapanyarin amin. Napnoy tawen tan dalin na galang Mo. Hosana ed sankatageyan. Nagalang so onsabid ngaray Katawan. Hosana ed Sankatageyan. (talimokor) P: Katawan a Hesukristo,…………..Gawa yo ya a pakanunnunutan ed Siak. P: Ibeliaw tayo so misterio na pananisia: A: Inatey si Kristo Inmolid bilay si Kristo Onpawil dia si Kristo. (odino) Lapud inpatey Mo, tinalo mi patey Lapud inkiolim, ilaloan mi onulid bilay Katawan a Hesus, onakseb Kan magalang. (odino) No kanen mi yan tinapay tan oninum kami ed sayan kupa, ibeliaw mi inpatey Mo anggad onakseb Kan magalang. (odino) Katawan, lapud Krus Mo tan inkiolim, inlaban Mo kami. Sika so Manangilaban na talba. P: …………..Lapud si Kristo, diad si Kristo, a katekep Toy Espiritu Santo, amin a galang tan dayew so niiter ed Sika makapanyarin Ama, Dios ed ando lan ando. K: Amen. (Ikanta o isalita) RITO NA KOMUNION (alagey) SAY DASAL NA KATAWAN TAYO P: Onung ed bilin tan bangat na Katawan dasalen tayon sitatalek so “Ama Mi” A: Ama mi a wala ed tawen, nagalang so ngaran Mo. Onsabid sikami panarian Mo, onorey linawam diad dalin a onung ed tawen. Say kanen min inagew-agew, iter mod sikamid agew aya. Tan pandien Mo ray utang mi, onung na panamaandi mi ed saray akautang ed sikami. Tan ag mo kami iter ya onabuloy ed tukso. Ilaban Mo kami ingen ed mauges. P: Ilaban Mo kami Katawan ……………… .ed isabi na Manangilaban min Hesukristo. K: Ta kayarian Mo so panarian, pakapanyari tan galang ed ando lan ando. TANDAY KAREENAN P: Katawan a Hesukristo………………….. a diman Ka manayam ed ando lan ando. K: Amen. P: Say kareenan na Katawan so walad sikayo komun lawas. K: Ontan met ed sika. P: Maniiteran itayoy tanday kareenan. PAMISAG NA TINAPAY A: Korderoy Dios ya manamaandi kasalanay mundo, kasian Mo kami. Korderoy Dios ya manamaandi kasalanay mundo, kasian Mo kami. Korderoy Dios ya manamaandi kasalanay mundo, itdan Mo kami kareeenan. KOMUNION (talimokor) P: Nia so Corderoy Dios ya manamaandi kasalanay mundo, mapalar iray atawag ed pandem To. K: Katawan ag ak onkanan mangakod Sika, balet diad sakey labat lan salitam onabig ak. DASAL KAYARI KOMUNION (alagey) P: Mikasi itayo….. K: Amen. RITO NA PANGISAMPUT (alagey) P: Say Katawan so wala komun ed sikayo. K: Ontan met ed sika. P: Bendicionan kayo komuy Dios a makapanyarin amin: Say Ama, tan say Anak (+) tan say Espiritu Santo. K: Amen. P: Asumpal lay Misa, milay kareenan nen Kristo. K: Salamat ed Dios. (Kantad pangisamput) Rito na Panpuyok na Santa Lana ed say Mansasakit 250 759 2006-10-03T22:05:49Z Arikasikis 11 INTRODUCTORY RITES Greeting Pari: Say grasya na Katawan tayon Jesukristo tan say aro na Dios tan say pikakasakey na Espirito Santo so wala ed sikayon amin. Karaklan: Ontan met ed sika. If communion is to take place during the rite, the priest then places the Blessed Sacrament on the table, and all join in adoration. SPRINKLING WITH HOLY WATER If it seems desirable, the priest may sprinkle the sick person and those present with holy water. Sayan danum komon so mangipanunot na binyag tayo ed Cristo, ya lapud say inpatey tan say inkiolid bilay To, inlaban To itayo. Odino, Say Katawan so Managpastol tayo, tan Sikatoy mangantabay ed sikatayo ed ilog na mabilay ya danum. Instruction Kakaarok ira, wadia tayon mantitipon ed ngaran na Katawan tayon Jesucristo ya wadiay kiwawala to ed kapegleyan tayo. Unong ed say Ibanghilyo, saray mansasakit so linma ed Sikato ya manpatambal; inararo To itayon maong kanian Sikatoy inatey para sikatayo. Onung ed si Santiago, ya Apostol, ingangan na Katawan so onya: “Wala ed sikayo so mansasakit? Manpatawag iray papari na Simbaan, tan sikaray papuyokan ed papari na lana lapud ngaran na Katawan; tan say pikakasi a katekep toy pananisia so mangilaban ed sarayan mansasakit, tan pabiskegen ira na Katawan; tan no sikaray walay kasalanan, naperdona irayan kasalanan.” Manpikasi tayo sirin ed si N. ya agi tayon mansasakit pian say grasya tan biskeg nen Cristo so mangilaban tan mamabiskeg ed sikato. PENITENTIAL RITE The priest invites the sick person and all present to join in the penitential rite, using these or similar words. Agagik ira, pian niparaan tayoy inkasikatayo ed sayan Masanton Panagpuyok na Lana, nunuten tayo ray kasalanan tayo. All say: A. Mankompisar ak ed Dios a makapanyarin amin, tan diad sikayon agagik, ta nankasalan ak ed nunot ko, salitak, gawak tan diad liwat ko. Kanian mikasi ak ed Santa Marian Birhen, amin daray angel tan sasanto tan diad sikayo ran agagik, ta pikasi yo ak ed Dios a Katawan tayo. B. Katawan a Jesus, Sika so managtambal na mansasakit: Katawan, mangasika. K. Katawan, mangasika. Katawan a Jesus, piperdonaen Mo ray managkasalanan: Kristo, mangasika. K. Kristo, mangasika. Katawan a Jesus, inter Moy inkasika ed sikami pian tambalen tan itdan Mo kami biskeg: Katawan, mangasika. K. Katawan, mangasika. Kasian tayo komon na makapanyarin amin a Dios, perdonaen To itayo ed saray kasalanan tayo, tan awiten To itayo ed maandon bilay. LITURGY OF THE WORD Say babasaen ya inaon ed Masanton Ibangahilyo onung ed Mateo (11:25-30) Inkuanen Jesus ed satan, “Misalamat ak ed sika, Ama, Katawan na tawen tan dalin, ta inyamut mo ra yan bengatla ed saray makabat tan makatalus, tan impaamtam ed saray totoon mapaabeba singa saray ogogaw. On, Ama, agawa ya ta sikatoy nilabay mo. Inter na Amak ed siak iray amin a bengatla, anggapoy mikabat ed Anak likud ed Ama; anggapoy mikabat ed Ama likud ed Anak tan saray labay a pangipakabatan na Anak. Dago kayod siak, amin yon nakekesawan ed panaawit yoy ambelat, ta pampainawaen ta kayo. Sakbat yoy pakok tan manaral kayod siak, ta mauyamo tan mapaabeba ak, et makapampainawa kayo. Ta mainomay so ipasakbat kod sikayo, tan anlemew so ipaawit kod sikayo.” Odino, Lukas 7:18b-23 LITURGY OF THE ANOINTING LITANY The priest may adapt or shorten the Litany according to the conditon of the sick person. Agagik ira, lapud dasal tayon walay katekep toy pananisia, manpikasi tayod Dios para say agi tayon si N. Gala Katawan tan pabiskeg Mo si N., diad panamegley na sayan Santa Lana: Katawan, mangasika. K: Katawan, mangasika. Itdan Moy kawayangan ed amin na kakabusan: Katawan, mangasika. Ebat. Itdan Moy kawayangan ed kasalanan tan amin a tukso: Katawan, mangasika. Ebat. Itdan Moy inawa ray irirap na amin a mansasakit (ya wadia natan): Katawan, mangasi ka. Ebat. Iter Mod si N., so bilay tan biskeg na laman, ya sikatoy puyokan mi masanton larak ed ngaran Mo. Ebat. LAYING ON OF HANDS PRAYER OVER THE OIL The priest says a prayer of thanksgiving over the blessed oil, or he may bless the oil himself, using one of the following: Thanksgiving Over the Blessed Oil (If the oil is already blessed, the priest says the following prayer of thanksgiving over it). Narayew Ka, O Dios, makapanyarin Ama. Imbakim so Anak Mo ya manayam ed kapegleyan mi tan mangawit na kilalaban mi. K. Narayew Ka, O Dios ya mamapaabig ed sikami lapud Kriston. Narayew Ka, O Dios, bogbogtong ya Anak. Nanpaabeba Ka pian akikasakey Ka ed say inkatoo mi, tan tinambal Mo ray sakisakit mi. Ebat. Narayew Ka, O Dios, Espiritu Santo, ya Manligliwa. Say mansiansian biskeg Mo so mangiiter na biskeg ed say kakapuyan na laman mi. Ebat. Dios na Pangasi, palemewen Mo ray irirap mi tan tambayoen Moy kakapuyan nen N., ya aripen Mo, ya puyokan na Simbaan na sayan Masanton Lana. Kekerewen mi ya lapud Kriston Katawan mi. K. Amen. (BLESSING OF OIL – When the priest blesses the oil during the rite, he uses the following blessing: Mikasi tayo. Dios na amin na Inawa, Pinilim tan imbakim so Anak Mo ya manambal na mundo. Dengel Mo iyan pikakasi a katekep toy pananisia mi: Paakseb Mo pay pakayari na Espirito Santom, ya Managligliwa, ed sayan larak, a salanti, lanan manangiter na inawa a mablin langkap, tan bunga na dalin. Bendision Mo pa yan larak + tan pasantosen Mo para usaren mi. Pagmaliw Mon tambal na amin a siopaman a nalarakan; paabig Mo rad laman da, diad kamarerwa ra, tan diad espirito ra, tan ag Mo ra iyaabuloy ed amin ya kairapan. Kekerewen mi ya diad panamegley nen Katawan min Jesucristo, ya Anak Mo, a manbibilay tan manaari a kaibam tan say Espiritu Santo, saksakey a Dios, ed ando lan ando. K. Amen ) ANOINTING The priest anoints the sick person with the blessed oil. First he anoints the forehead, saying: THROUGH THIS HOLY ANOINTING MAY THE LORD IN IS LOVE AND MERCY HELP YOU WITH THE GRACE OF THE HOLY SPIRIT. K. Amen. Then he anoints the hands, saying: MAY THE LORD WHO FREES YOU FROM SIN SAVE YOU AND RAISE YOU UP. Prayer after Anointing The priest says one of the following prayers: Mikasi tayo. A. General Ama ed tawen, Lapud sayan masanton panpuyok na larak, Iter Mod si N., so inawa ed say irirap to. No sikato so natatakot, itdan Mo pa na sibeg na linawa, No sikatoy nanairapan, itdan Mo na anos tan seseg, No nakalan na ilalo, itdan Mo pa ed sikato so panampaya na masanton totoom. Kekerewen mi ya lapud Kristo ya Katawan mi. K: Amen. B. General Katawan min Jesukristo, ya Manangilaban mi, Lapud grasya na Espirito Santom paabig mo yan kakapuyan nen N., ya aripen mo. Paabig Mo so sakit to tan perdonam iray kasalanan to; Ekal Mo ray kairapan na kanununtan tan laman to; Diad panangasim, pasimbaloen Mo komon so biskeg na laman to, Pian nayarian ton sumpalen lamet iray kimey to, Lapud Sika so Katawan ed ando lan ando. K. Amen. C. In extreme or terminal illness Katawan a Jesukristo, Pinilim a mikasakey Ka ed inkatoo mi, Pian nilaban Mon amin so totoo tan natambal Mo ray mansasakit. Nengneng Mon mapangasi si N., ya aripen Mo, Ya pinuyokan mi masanton lana ed ngaran Mo para say iyabig na laman Tan kamarerwa to. Ampayaen Mo na biskeg Mo, Ligliwam diad panangiyagel Mo ed sikato, Tan iter Mod sikato so biskeg ya onlaban ed saray mauges Lapud inter Mo lad sikato so kabyangan to ed say inpanirap Mo, Tulongan Mon makalmo na ilalo ed irap, Lapud Sika so Katawan ed ando lan ando. K: Amen. D. In Advanced Age Dios a mapangasi, Nengneng Mon maabagey so aripen Mon kinmapoy onung ed intaken to. Lapud sayan masanton panpuyok na masanton lana, Sikatoy onkekerew na abig na laman tan kamarerwa. Panom pa na pakayari na Espirito Santo. Pasbiskeg Mo ed pananisia tan ilalo, Pian sikatoy makapangiter na alimbawa na anos tan seseg, tan Maliket ya mantasi ed say pakayari na panangarom. Kekerewen mi ya lapud Kristo ya Katawan mi. K: Amen. E. Before Surgery Dios a Maabagey, Say kakapuyan mi ya totoo so onkekerew diad biskeg Mo. Manpipikasi kami ya lapud saray dunong na doktor tan nars, Say langkap ya makapaabig so nagamuran nen N. Say aripen Mo komon so makaawat na makapaabig ya linawam Tan sikatoy mikasakey ed sikami lalamet diad altar na dayew Mo. Kekerewen mi ya diad panamegley nen Kristo ya Katawan tayo. K. Amen. F. For a Child Ama mi, Pinuyokan mi na makapaabig a santa lana tan kareenan si N. Ampayam, isirum tan isinop Mo ed maaron panangasim. Kekerewen mi ya lapud ngaran nen Jesus a Katawan. K: Amen G. For a Young Person Dios ya managtambal mi, Ed sayan bekta na sakit, linma Ka ya manbendision ed si N. Lapud grasyamIpawil Mo ed sikato so abig na laman tan biskeg, Gawam pan sikato so sililiket ed espirito Tan sipaparaan ya mangawat ed linawam. Kekerewen mi pa ya lapud Kristo ya Katawan mi. K: Amen. THE LORD’S PRAYER Dasalen tayon sitatalek so dasal ya imbangat nen Katawan tayon Jesukristo: Ama mi wala Kad tawen Nagalang so ngaran Mo Onsabid sikami panarian Mo Onorey linawam diad dalin a onung ed tawen. Say kanen min inagew-agew, iter Mod sikami ed agew aya. Paandien Mo ray kasalanan mi, Onung na panamaandi miy kasalanan daray Akapankasalanan ed sikami; Tan ag Mo kami iter ya onabuloy ed tukso, Ilaban Mo kami ingen ed mauges. (LITURGY OF HOLY COMMUNION The priest shows the eucharistic bread to those present, saying: A. Nia so Kordero na Dios Manamaandi na kasalanan na mundo. Gali kayo ed Sikato, sikayo ran maniirap tan nabebelatan, tan sikayo’y panpaninawaen To. B. Nia so tinapay na bilay. Tawayan tan nengneng yo ya say Katawan et maong. The sick person and all who are to receive communion say: Katawan, ag ak onkanan mangako ed Sika, balet diad sakey labat a salitam, onabig ak. The priest goes to the sick person and, showing the blessed sacrament, says: Laman nen Kristo. The sick peson answers: Amen, and receives communion. Dala nen Kristo. The sick person answers: Amen, and receives communion. Silent Prayer Then a period of silence may be observed. PRAYER AFTER COMMUNION The priest says a concluding prayer. One of the following may be used: Mikasi tayo. A. Dios a makapanyarin amin, Lapud say inpanirap, inpatey tan inkiolid bilay nen Kristo ya Anak Mo, sinumpal Mo so kimey na kilalaban. Sikami komun ya lapud sayan tanda na sakraminto, So mangibelyaw na inpatey tan inkiolid bilay na Katawan, Tan sikami so onsalindak lapud say grasya na kilalaban Mo. Kekerewen mi ya lapud Kristo ya Katawan mi. K: Amen. B. Dios a makapanyarin amin, Misalamat kami ed sayan legpet ya inter Mod sikami Lapud sayan masanton langkap Mo. Paakseb Moy Espirito ed sikami Tan lapud say biskeg na sayan kanen a nanlapud tawen Gawa Mo kamin mikasakey ed lingkur para Sika. Kekerewen mi ya lapud Kristo a Katawan mi. K: Amen. ) CONCLUDING RITE BLESSING The priest blesses the sick person and the others present, using one of the following blessings. If, however, any of the blessed sacrament remains, he may bless the sick person by making a sign of the cross with the blessed sacrament, in silence. A. Say katawan so wala ed sikayo ya mangiyagel ed sikayo. K: Amen. Iwanwan kayo komuy Katawan tan itdan To kayo na biskeg. K: Amen. Bantayan tan awiten To kayo komon ed aro To,Tan bendisionan To kayo na kareenan To. K: Amen. Bendisionan kayo komuy Dios, say Ama tan say Anak + tan say Espiritu Santo. K: Amen. B. Bendisionan kayo komuy Dios Ama. K: Amen. Paabigen kayo komuy Dios Anak. K: Amen. Paliwawaen kayo komuy Dios Espirito Santo. K: Amen. C. Say bendision na Dios a makapanyarin amin, Say Ama, say Anak + tan say Espirito Santo, so walad sikayo tan manayam ed sikayo natan tan diad ando lan ando. K: Amen. Cancion ed Pangasinan 251 1324 2006-10-18T09:19:29Z 130.54.12.247 * [[Cancion para diad saray Ugugaw]] * [[Cancion na Puso]] * [[Kankanta|Cancion na Simbaan]] * [[Cancion diad Inkianak na Katawan]] * [[Cancion na Saray Kalangweran]] * [[Cancion na Bansan Filipinas]] Malinak lay Labi 252 1047 2006-10-13T01:26:18Z Arikasikis 11 Malinak lay labi, Oras lay mareen Mapalpalnay dagem, Katekep toy linaew Samit day kugip ko, Binangonan kon tampol Lapu'd say linggas mo, Sikan-sikay amamayoen Refrain: Lalo la bilay no sika lay nanengneng Napunas lan amin so ermin ya akbibiten No nanonotan ko lay samit day ugalim Agtaka nalingwanan anggad kaoyos na bilay. Repeat refrain. Dictionari na Hapon-Pangasinan 253 775 2006-10-04T00:08:26Z Arikasikis 11 #Ano Amay #Aruku Akar #Ashi Sali #Atama Ulo #Atarashii Balo #Buta Baboy #Furui Daan #Kaeru Patang #Ke Bago #Kirei Magana #Kumo Lorem #Hashi Taytay #Hito Too #Ie Abong #Iku Ula #Inu Aso #Isu Irongan #Me Mata #Neko Pusa #Nomu Inom #Tabemono Panangan #Taberu Akan #Taiyou Agew #Te Lima #Tombo Andiret #Tsuchi Dalin #Tsuki Bulan #Tsuyoi Maksil #Ue Tagey #Ushi Baka #Yasai Pising #Yowai Makapew MediaWiki:1movedto2 256 784 2006-10-04T06:32:51Z Arikasikis 11 say [[$1]] enyales paula ed [[$2]] MediaWiki:About 257 785 2006-10-04T06:33:49Z Arikasikis 11 Nipakar ed MediaWiki:Allarticles 258 786 2006-10-04T06:35:54Z Arikasikis 11 Amin ya artikulo MediaWiki:Accmailtitle 259 787 2006-10-04T06:37:14Z Arikasikis 11 Say Password impawet la. 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Pangasinan 312 853 2006-10-04T08:09:32Z Arikasikis 11 * [[Totoon Pangasinan]] * [[Salitan Pangasinan]] * [[Luyag na Pangasinan]] Baley san Siyudad ed Luyag na Pangasinan 313 1062 2006-10-14T00:15:51Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:saltfarm.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Commercial Salt Industry in [[Dasol]].]] Listaan na saray baley san siyudad ed luyag na [[Pangasinan]]. =Baley= *[[Agno, Pangasinan|Agno]] *[[Aguilar, Pangasinan|Aguilar]] *[[Alcala, Pangasinan|Alcala]] *[[Anda, Pangasinan|Anda]] *[[Asingan, Pangasinan|Asingan]] *[[Balungao, Pangasinan|Balungao]] *[[Bani, Pangasinan|Bani]] *[[Basista, Pangasinan|Basista]] *[[Bautista, Pangasinan|Bautista]] *[[Bayambang, Pangasinan|Bayambang]] *[[Binalonan, Pangasinan|Binalonan]] *[[Binmaley, Pangasinan|Binmaley]] *[[Bolinao, Pangasinan|Bolinao]] *[[Bugallon, Pangasinan|Bugallon]] *[[Burgos, Pangasinan|Burgos]] *[[Calasiao, Pangasinan|Calasiao]] *[[Dasol, Pangasinan|Dasol]] *[[Infanta, Pangasinan|Infanta]] *[[Labrador, Pangasinan|Labrador]] *[[Laoac, Pangasinan|Laoac]] *[[Lingayen, Pangasinan|Lingayen]] *[[Mabini, Pangasinan|Mabini]] *[[Malasiqui, Pangasinan|Malasiqui]] *[[Manaoag, Pangasinan|Manaoag]] *[[Mangaldan, Pangasinan|Mangaldan]] *[[Mangatarem, Pangasinan|Mangatarem]] *[[Mapandan, Pangasinan|Mapandan]] *[[Natividad, Pangasinan|Natividad]] *[[Pozzorubio, Pangasinan|Pozzorubio]] *[[Rosales, Pangasinan|Rosales]] *[[San Fabian, Pangasinan|San Fabian]] *[[San Jacinto, Pangasinan|San Jacinto]] *[[San Manuel, Pangasinan|San Manuel]] *[[San Nicolas, Pangasinan|San Nicolas]] *[[San Quintin, Pangasinan|San Quintin]] *[[Santa Barbara, Pangasinan|Santa Barbara]] *[[Santa Maria, Pangasinan|Santa Maria]] *[[Santo Tomas, Pangasinan|Santo Tomas]] *[[Sison, Pangasinan|Sison]] *[[Sual, Pangasinan|Sual]] *[[Tayug, Pangasinan|Tayug]] *[[Umingan, Pangasinan|Umingan]] *[[Urbiztondo, Pangasinan|Urbiztondo]] *[[Villasis, Pangasinan|Villasis]] =Siyudad= *[[Alaminos City]] *[[Urdaneta City]] *[[Dagupan City]] *[[San Carlos City, Pangasinan|San Carlos City]] Template:Arikasikisprofile 314 863 2006-10-04T09:10:37Z Arikasikis 11 {{Babel|en-5|pag|tl-5|ja-2|es-1|hil-1}} Template:Babel 315 864 2006-10-04T09:11:01Z Arikasikis 11 {{Babel|en-5|sv|no-4|he-3|lt-2|es-1|an-0}} La Union 317 871 2006-10-04T14:26:39Z Arikasikis 11 Say Luyag na La Union, wadyad kabay san norte na [[Luyag na Pangasinan]]. MediaWiki:Confirmemail needlogin 322 881 2006-10-05T09:07:13Z Arikasikis 11 Nakaukulan mo ya $1 umpian nakompirma so email address mo. MediaWiki:Articlepage 323 882 2006-10-05T09:07:57Z Arikasikis 11 Nengnengen so content page MediaWiki:Confirmedittitle 324 883 2006-10-05T09:09:08Z Arikasikis 11 Nakaukulan na e-mail confirmation para makapan-edit MediaWiki:Emailfrom 325 884 2006-10-05T09:10:16Z Arikasikis 11 Manlapud MediaWiki:Accmailtext 326 885 2006-10-05T09:11:30Z Arikasikis 11 Empawet ed $2 so password para ed $1. MediaWiki:Contributions 327 886 2006-10-05T09:12:29Z Arikasikis 11 Saray contribution na user MediaWiki:Emailto 328 887 2006-10-05T09:13:06Z Arikasikis 11 Para ed MediaWiki:Deletecomment 329 888 2006-10-05T09:17:43Z Arikasikis 11 Aken buralen MediaWiki:Emailsent 330 889 2006-10-05T09:19:57Z Arikasikis 11 Say e-mail impawet la MediaWiki:Confirmemail sent 331 890 2006-10-05T09:22:50Z Arikasikis 11 Empawet so confirmation e-mail. MediaWiki:Deletepage 332 891 2006-10-05T09:41:49Z Arikasikis 11 Buralen so page MediaWiki:Deletethispage 333 892 2006-10-05T09:42:57Z Arikasikis 11 Buralen so ayan page MediaWiki:Emailuser 334 893 2006-10-05T09:43:28Z Arikasikis 11 E-mail so ayan user MediaWiki:Imagelistall 335 894 2006-10-05T09:44:10Z Arikasikis 11 amin MediaWiki:Qbspecialpages 336 920 2006-10-06T07:03:49Z Arikasikis 11 Niduma ran Bolong MediaWiki:Specialpages 337 921 2006-10-06T07:04:32Z Arikasikis 11 Niduma ran bolong MediaWiki:Specialpage 338 922 2006-10-06T07:05:23Z Arikasikis 11 Niduman Bolong MediaWiki:Allinnamespace 339 923 2006-10-06T07:06:15Z Arikasikis 11 Amin ya bolong ($1 namespace) MediaWiki:Mainpage 340 924 2006-10-06T07:07:16Z Arikasikis 11 Arapan ya Bolong MediaWiki:Randompage 341 925 2006-10-06T07:08:22Z Arikasikis 11 Random ya bolong MediaWiki:Upload 342 926 2006-10-06T07:09:50Z Arikasikis 11 Mangisigep na file Main Page 343 928 2006-10-06T08:33:42Z Arikasikis 11 say [[Main Page]] enyales paula ed [[Arapan ya Bolong]] #REDIRECT [[Arapan ya Bolong]] MediaWiki:Allpages 345 931 2006-10-06T08:52:12Z Arikasikis 11 Amin ya bolong MediaWiki:Ancientpages 347 933 2006-10-06T08:53:44Z Arikasikis 11 Daan ran bolong MediaWiki:Confirmprotecttext 348 934 2006-10-06T08:56:24Z Arikasikis 11 Labay mon talagan protektaan yan bolong? MediaWiki:Enotif newpagetext 350 936 2006-10-06T08:58:32Z Arikasikis 11 Balo yan bolong. MediaWiki:Makesysopname 352 938 2006-10-06T09:00:44Z Arikasikis 11 Ngaran na user: MediaWiki:Math unknown error 353 939 2006-10-06T09:01:30Z Arikasikis 11 aga-antan error Galiken 354 991 2006-10-09T22:30:41Z Arikasikis 11 Say galiken odino aligando, kakansionen diad [[Inkianak na Katawan]]. ==Lyrics== '''Galiken''' Masantos tan mablin oras So inter na Dyus laoas Ombangon itin misalamat Ombangon itin misalamat Tan inanak la'y Dyus anak Tan inanak la'y Dyus anak Ombangon itin onliing Agagi mi'ran ami-amin Ta inanak la nen Marian Birhin Ta inanak la nen Marian Birhin So ari'd taoen tan dalin So ari'd taoen tan dalin (Ebat ed Galikin) Galikin Galikin Kapastorisan Gali kayon Gali kayon manangigalang Ed ari ra'y Ed ari ra'y kataoaenan A dia'd Belen so nianakan A dia'd Belen so nianakan (Ebat ed Biteoen) Biteoen Biteoen kan pinmanengneng Diman ed Diman ed letaka'y agew Sikato 'ma'y Sikato 'ma'y tumtumbuken Na talo'ran ararin kuanen Na talo'ran ararin kuanen Ta nen baleg la’y lokun to Nen Marian ma-Divino Linma ya dinalaw to Linma ya dinalaw to Si Isabel a kapinsan to Si Isabel a kapinsan to Sakey ya anghil so dinmago San Gabriel so ngaran to Bang say kuan ton angibano Bang say kuan ton angibano Ave Marian ma-Divino Ave Marian ma-Divino Galikin (4x) Nen usto lan siam bulan So loku’y Marian malalang Pinakna na Kataoan Pinakna na Kataoan A say mundo’y nalioaoaoan A say mundo’y nalioaoaoan Bang balet so naisipan Nen arin Herodes ya kuan Nanpabando’d nanarian Nanpabando’d nanarian Ed sakop ton panuuleyan Ed sakop ton panuuleyan Et nadngel dayan intaoag Di San Joseph tan Marian mapalar Pinmaoil la’ran maganat Pinmaoil la’ran maganat Ed Nazareth baley dan gendat Ed Nazareth baley dan gendat Ta nila ran amin lanti So kakanayon dan dili Et andi lambengat la’y mangasi Et andi lambengat la’y mangasi Ya mamasegep no nayari Ya mamasegep no nayari Say oalna’y too nen saman Laut la’d saray mamayaman Kaingit o kagola da’ra’y Kaingit o kagola da’ra’y Kakanayon dan masegsegang Kakanayon dan masegsegang Dia’d labin alay betel Panaon la’y malinaew Si San Joseph oala’y anengneng Si San Joseph oala’y anengneng A kamalir a dirindingen A kamalir a dirindingen Esposa kuan ton sinmingger Diman ita la ondaoes Ed kamalir ta oala’y atep Ed kamalir ta oala’y atep Itepel la’y betel a baleg Itepel la’y betel a baleg Diman so pinonta ra Si San Joseph tan si Maria Oala’y atotong na baka Oala’y atotong na baka Ya amarokolan to la Ya amarokolan to la Dia’d pegley na labin mas Ya mareen la’ra’y lapag Kapagdaka ton inianak Kapagdaka ton inianak So masurin Dyus Anak So masurin Dyus Anak Osang, dika’y amarokolan Ed Mesias ya malalang Masiado’y betel ed saman Masiado’y betel ed saman Ya nilikna na Kataoan Ya nilikna na Kataoan Masiado’y karumsisan Na kamalir a nananakan Salambengat kaabigan Salambengat kaabigan Ta anghilis so amayamay Ta anghilis so amayamay Anghilis tan Serafinis Ya pari saray pastoris Oadman iran arasdasig Oadman iran arasdasig Ed marumsis a kamalir Ed marumsis a kamalir Bangnen oalo’ra’y agew to Impangalsiman to’y anak to Et bang say impangingaran to Et bang say impangingaran to Manuel Salvador del Mundo Manuel Salvador del Mundo Anem agew so binilang Sikato la’y tinandaan Et talo’ran ari’y dinmalaw Et talo’ran ari’y dinmalaw Ya rigalo so isaklang Ya rigalo so isaklang Sarama’y ararin talo Nagsi-aoit ira’y rigalo Mira, balitok tan balsamo Mira, balitok tan balsamo Ya pampuyok da’d Sali’y Niño Ya pampuyok da’d Sali’y Niño Bang say aoit nen San Melchor Sama’y masurin balitok Ya intalaga ton innonot Ya intalaga ton innonot Ed Marian masantos Ed Marian masantos Et bang sa aoit nen San Gaspar Sama’y mira lambengat Irigalo to’d Mesias Irigalo to’d Mesias Ya oadman a kapanianak Ya oadman a kapanianak Bang say aoit nen San Baltazar Sama’y balsamo lambengat Ninonot ton ibagat Ninonot ton ibagat Ed sankablian a Mesias Ed sankablian a Mesias Si Herodes anengneng to ‘ra So sarama’y ararin talo’ra Say kuan ton nansalita Say kuan ton nansalita Seseñoris onsamar ki pa Seseñoris onsamar ki pa Ta no kablian yon talo Mapatnag ta arari kayo Tabi pa ed kablian yo Tabi pa ed kablian yo No iner so laen yo No iner so laen yo Ebat da’y talo’ran arari Si Jesus so dalaoen mi Ta inanak la kono lanti Ta inanak la kono lanti So ari’y ganagana’y ari So ari’y ganagana’y ari Arin Herodes mannonot ka Ta ondalaw itin magano Ta nianak la kono lanti Ta nianak la kono lanti Onangob iti’d sali to Onangob iti’d sali to Inkua’y Herodes ed sikara Natan ag ak makapila Ta oala’y mapilit kon gaoa Ta oala’y mapilit kon gaoa Kanian natan onona kila Kanian natan onona kila No sata’y kuan yon ari Ya anak a maung a bii Inkapoli to met lagi Inkapoli to met lagi A taoir to’d laki to tan bai A taoir to’d laki to tan bai Ta bang pano ompaoil kayo la Say kuan ko ta onsamar kayo dia Ta siak balet so onla Ta siak balet so onla Ta inanak la kasin tua Ta inanak la kasin tua Dia’d satan iman mas la’ra’ So sarama’y ararin talo’ra Et bang say tinumbok da Et bang say tinumbok da Sama’y sindag na lioaoa Sama’y sindag na lioaoa Ed bang nen onsabi ‘ra Ed kaoalaa’y Birhin Maria Tampol angigalang ira Tampol angigalang ira Sali’y Niño’y inangoban da Sali’y Niño’y inangoban da Say komaduan inggalang da Si San Joseph tan si Maria Agay kala Maria kuan da Agay kala Maria kuan da Ta inianak mo’y manamalsa Ta inianak mo’y manamalsa Nen ayari la’ran angigalang So sarama’y ararin kinuan Labay da mas la’y ompikal Labay da mas la’y ompikal Ya ompaoil la’ra’d nanlapuan Ya ompaoil la’ra’d nanlapuan Taynan mi kila Kataoan Ag mo kami lilingoanan Say dayew mo’d sankamundoan Say dayew mo’d sankamundoan Sikato’y itarok mi natan Sikato’y itarok mi natan Nen manaakar la’ra So sarama’y ararin talo’ra Getma ya samaren da Getma ya samaren da Si Herodes ya maruksa Si Herodes ya maruksa Sakey ya anghil a manuna So pinmayaoar ed sikara Say kuan to ompaoil kila Say kuan to ompaoil kila Ag yo sasamare’y Herodes a maruksa Ag yo sasamare’y Herodes a maruksa Say ayari laoari’d nonot da Si Herodes so samaren da Anghil balet so angibaga Anghil balet so angibaga Ya aleg ya onsamar ira Ya aleg ya onsamar ira Dia’d saman a pantatalaran Nen arin Herodes a duksaan Pasnuk to’y sankabalgan Pasnuk to’y sankabalgan Basallos to ‘ra’y ginanggan Basallos to ‘ra’y ginanggan 2006 355 969 2006-10-09T00:30:44Z 202.71.92.74 ==Saray Nagawa== ''Events'' * [[Doypo (meeting) na Batch 98, PNHS]] ==Saray Inianak== ''Birthday'' ==Agew na Letnegan== ''Foundation Day'' ==Anniversary== ==Saray Inatey== ''Death'' [[Category:21 siglo]] [[af:2006]] [[als:2006]] [[am:2006 እ.ኤ.አ.]] [[ar:2006]] [[an:2006]] [[ast:2006]] [[zh-min-nan:2006 nî]] [[be:2006]] [[bs:2006]] [[br:2006]] [[bg:2006]] [[ca:2006]] [[cv:2006]] [[cs:2006]] [[co:2006]] [[cy:2006]] [[da:2006]] [[de:2006]] [[et:2006]] [[el:2006]] [[en:2006]] [[es:2006]] [[eo:2006]] [[eu:2006]] [[fo:2006]] [[fr:2006]] [[fy:2006]] [[fur:2006]] [[ga:2006]] [[gl:2006]] [[ko:2006년]] [[hr:2006]] [[io:2006]] [[ilo:2006]] [[id:2006]] [[ia:2006]] [[os:2006]] [[is:2006]] [[it:2006]] [[he:2006]] [[kn:೨೦೦೫]] [[ka:2006]] [[csb:2006]] [[kw:2006]] [[ku:2006]] [[la:2006]] [[lb:2006]] [[lt:2006]] [[li:2006]] [[hu:2006]] [[mk:2006]] [[ml:2006]] [[mi:2006]] [[ms:2006]] [[mo:2006]] [[nl:2006]] [[ja:2006年]] [[nap:2006]] [[no:2006]] [[nn:2006]] [[oc:2006]] [[pap:2006]] [[pl:2006]] [[pt:2006]] [[ro:2006]] [[qu:2006]] [[ru:2006]] [[se:2006]] [[sco:2006]] [[sq:2006]] [[scn:2006]] [[simple:2006]] [[sk:2006]] [[sl:2006]] [[sr:2006]] [[sh:2006]] [[fi:2006]] [[sv:2006]] [[tl:2006]] [[tt:2006]] [[te:2006]] [[th:พ.ศ. 2549]] [[vi:2006]] [[tpi:2006]] [[tr:2006]] [[uk:2006]] [[wa:2006]] [[yi:ה'תשס"ו]] [[zh-yue:2006年]] [[bat-smg:2006]] [[zh:2006年]] [[zu:2006]] October 9 356 983 2006-10-09T22:11:15Z Arikasikis 11 ==Saray Inianak== ''Birthday'' ==Niduman Agew== ''Special Day'' ==Agew na Letnegan== ''Foundation Day'' ==Anniversary== [[Category: Bilang na Agew]] Category:Bilang na Agew 357 984 2006-10-09T22:11:29Z Arikasikis 11 January 1 358 980 2006-10-09T22:08:46Z Arikasikis 11 ==Saray Inianak== ''Birthday'' ==Niduman Agew== ''Special Day'' * [[Balon Taon]] ==Agew na Letnegan== ''Foundation Day'' ==Anniversary== [[Category: Bilang na Agew]] February 14 359 981 2006-10-09T22:09:13Z Arikasikis 11 ==Saray Inianak== ''Birthday'' ==Niduman Agew== ''Special Day'' * [[Agew na saray San-enaro]] ==Agew na Letnegan== ''Foundation Day'' ==Anniversary== [[Category: Bilang na Agew]] June 24 360 982 2006-10-09T22:10:05Z Arikasikis 11 ==Saray Inianak== ''Birthday'' * [[San Juan Bautista]] ==Niduman Agew== ''Special Day'' ==Agew na Letnegan== ''Foundation Day'' ==Anniversary== [[Category: Bilang na Agew]] Luzon 361 988 2006-10-09T22:16:09Z Arikasikis 11 Say Luzon so sankabalgan ya [[isla]] ed [[Filipinas]]. MediaWiki:Aboutsite 362 993 2006-10-10T18:48:31Z Arikasikis 11 Nipakar ed {{SITENAME}} MediaWiki:Categorytree-mode-all 363 994 2006-10-10T18:50:25Z Arikasikis 11 Amin ya bolong MediaWiki:Cite page 364 995 2006-10-10T18:59:23Z Arikasikis 11 Bolong: MediaWiki:Confirmdelete 365 996 2006-10-10T19:05:07Z Arikasikis 11 Kompirmaen so panbural MediaWiki:Confirmemail sendfailed 366 997 2006-10-10T19:05:48Z Arikasikis 11 Aga naipawet so confirmation mail. Check address for invalid characters. MediaWiki:Couldntremove 367 998 2006-10-10T19:06:58Z Arikasikis 11 Aga naekal so item '$1'... MediaWiki:Deletedarticle 368 999 2006-10-10T19:11:33Z Arikasikis 11 binural so "[[$1]]" MediaWiki:Emailmessage 369 1000 2006-10-10T19:13:13Z Arikasikis 11 Pakabat MediaWiki:Exblank 370 1001 2006-10-10T19:20:09Z Arikasikis 11 Anggapoy laman na bolong MediaWiki:Imagelist name 371 1002 2006-10-10T19:21:34Z Arikasikis 11 Ngaran MediaWiki:Imgmultigo 372 1003 2006-10-10T19:22:32Z Arikasikis 11 Ula! MediaWiki:Imgmultigotopre 373 1004 2006-10-10T19:31:32Z Arikasikis 11 Ula ed bolong MediaWiki:Last 374 1005 2006-10-10T19:33:22Z Arikasikis 11 utet MediaWiki:Longpages 375 1006 2006-10-10T19:34:10Z Arikasikis 11 Andokoy ran bolong MediaWiki:Makebot-search 376 1007 2006-10-10T19:34:52Z Arikasikis 11 Ula MediaWiki:Movearticle 377 1008 2006-10-10T19:36:12Z Arikasikis 11 Iyales so bolong MediaWiki:Movepage 378 1009 2006-10-10T19:39:59Z Arikasikis 11 Iyales so bolong MediaWiki:Mypage 379 1010 2006-10-10T19:40:39Z Arikasikis 11 Say bolong ko MediaWiki:Namespacesall 380 1011 2006-10-10T19:43:04Z Arikasikis 11 amin MediaWiki:Newpage 381 1012 2006-10-10T19:45:20Z Arikasikis 11 Balon bolong MediaWiki:Newpages 382 1013 2006-10-10T19:46:16Z Arikasikis 11 Balo ran bolong MediaWiki:Newpassword 383 1014 2006-10-10T19:48:01Z Arikasikis 11 Balon password: MediaWiki:Newuserlog-create-entry 384 1015 2006-10-10T19:49:44Z Arikasikis 11 Balon user MediaWiki:Nextpage 385 1016 2006-10-10T19:50:28Z Arikasikis 11 Ontombok ya page ($1) MediaWiki:Lastmodifiedat 386 1017 2006-10-10T19:52:00Z Arikasikis 11 Say ayan bolong: otet ya binalo nen $2, $1. MediaWiki:Movethispage 387 1018 2006-10-10T19:53:13Z Arikasikis 11 Iyales yan bolong Oh, Pilipinas dalin min kagal-galang 388 1021 2006-10-10T21:07:01Z Arikasikis 11 Oh, Pilipinas, Dalin min kagal-galang Musia na dayat, Ed dapit letakan Simpey gayagan, Panag-ugagepan day Totoon lapag, Ed dapit-seslekan. Saray anak mo agda Kawananen ya ibagat ed sika'y Dilin bilay da no Nakaukulay galang tan ka-inaoan Diad palandey, lawak, taquel, Dayat o no dia ed lawang Sugbaen day patey ya andi Dua-rua no sikay pan-sengegan. Diad silong na laylay mo mankaka-sakey Tan diad sika man-lingkor tan mangi-agel Bangta dia'd akualan mo aneng-neng day silew Diad akualan mo muet akuen day patey. MediaWiki:Yourrealname 389 1027 2006-10-11T20:40:20Z Arikasikis 11 Tuwan ngaran *: MediaWiki:Youhavenewmessages 390 1028 2006-10-11T20:42:25Z Arikasikis 11 Walay $1 ($2). MediaWiki:Wldone 391 1029 2006-10-11T20:43:20Z Arikasikis 11 Agawa la. MediaWiki:Watchthis 392 1030 2006-10-11T20:47:04Z Arikasikis 11 Bantayan yan bolong MediaWiki:Watchthispage 393 1031 2006-10-11T20:47:53Z Arikasikis 11 Bantayan yan bolong MediaWiki:Watchthisupload 394 1032 2006-10-11T20:49:44Z Arikasikis 11 Bantayan yan bolong MediaWiki:Viewtalkpage 395 1033 2006-10-11T20:51:28Z Arikasikis 11 Nengnengen so tongtongan MediaWiki:Viewdeletedpage 396 1034 2006-10-11T20:57:00Z Arikasikis 11 Nengnengen so inekal ran bolong MediaWiki:Underline-always 397 1035 2006-10-11T20:58:13Z Arikasikis 11 Naynay MediaWiki:Undelete 398 1036 2006-10-11T20:59:57Z Arikasikis 11 Nengnengen so inekal ran bolong MediaWiki:Tog-enotifwatchlistpages 399 1037 2006-10-11T21:02:20Z Arikasikis 11 Manpa-awit na e-mail ed siak no abalo may sakey ya bolong ya babantayan ko MediaWiki:Talkpage 400 1038 2006-10-11T21:03:44Z Arikasikis 11 Pantongtongan yan bolong MediaWiki:Table pager first 401 1039 2006-10-11T21:06:26Z Arikasikis 11 Unaan ya bolong MediaWiki:Table pager last 402 1040 2006-10-11T21:06:52Z Arikasikis 11 Otet ya bolong MediaWiki:Sp-contributions-oldest 403 1041 2006-10-11T21:07:45Z Arikasikis 11 Sankadaanan MediaWiki:Sp-contributions-newest 404 1042 2006-10-11T21:08:33Z Arikasikis 11 Sankabaloan MediaWiki:Sitematrix 405 1043 2006-10-11T21:09:30Z Arikasikis 11 Listaan na saray Wikimedia wiki MediaWiki:Show 406 1044 2006-10-11T21:10:36Z Arikasikis 11 Ipanengneng MediaWiki:Shortpages 407 1045 2006-10-11T21:11:53Z Arikasikis 11 Antikey ran bolong MediaWiki:Allpagesfrom 409 1049 2006-10-13T20:21:31Z Arikasikis 11 Ipanengneng ray bolong ya manlapod: MediaWiki:Alphaindexline 410 1050 2006-10-13T20:22:05Z Arikasikis 11 $1 anggad $2 MediaWiki:Boardvote dumplink 411 1051 2006-10-13T20:24:17Z Arikasikis 11 Click dia MediaWiki:Whitelistedittext 412 1052 2006-10-13T20:26:50Z Arikasikis 11 Nakaukulan mo ya $1 umpian nabalo o nadagdagan ray bolong. MediaWiki:Watchlistall1 413 1053 2006-10-13T20:28:58Z Arikasikis 11 amin MediaWiki:Viewdeleted 414 1054 2006-10-13T20:30:23Z Arikasikis 11 Nengnengen so $1? MediaWiki:Uploadedfiles 415 1055 2006-10-13T20:32:23Z Arikasikis 11 Insegep ran file MediaWiki:Table pager limit submit 416 1056 2006-10-13T20:35:39Z Arikasikis 11 Ula MediaWiki:Table pager next 417 1057 2006-10-13T20:36:32Z Arikasikis 11 Ontombok ya bolong Agno, Pangasinan 418 1059 2006-10-13T21:07:02Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:Ph_locator_pangasinan_agno.png|right|Mapa na Pangasinan ya nanengnengan na lugar na Agno]] Say '''Agno''': sakey ya [[baley]] ed [[luyag na Pangasinan]]. Onong ed [[2000]] census, walay population to ya 25,077 ya too diad 5,493 ya pamilya. ==Listaan na Barangay== Walay 17 ya [[barangay]] ed [[baley]] na Agno. <table border=0><tr> <td valign=top> * [[Allabon]] * [[Aloleng]] * [[Bangan-Oda]] * [[Baruan]] * [[Boboy]] * [[Cayungnan]] * [[Dangley]] * [[Gayusan]] * [[Macaboboni]] </td><td valign=top> * [[Magsaysay]] * [[Namatucan]] * [[Patar]] * [[Poblacion East]] * [[Poblacion West]] * [[San Juan]] * [[Tupa]] * [[Viga]] </td></tr></table> ==External links== * [http://www.kingfisher.edu.ph: Kingfisher School of Business and Finance] * [http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp Philippine Standard Geographic Code] * [http://www.t-macs.com/kiso/local/ 2000 Philippine Census Information] * [http://www.agno.pangasinan.info Agno, Pangasinan website] * [http://www.pasyalan.net/pangasinan/ Pasyalan Pangasinan] * [http://www.pangasinan.gov.ph Official Website of the Provincial Government of Pangasinan] * [http://www.dalityapi.com Pangasinan: Preservation and Revitalization of the Pangasinan Language and Literature] * [http://punch.dagupan.com Sunday Punch] * [http://www.sunstar.com.ph/pangasinan Sun Star Pangasinan] * [http://pangasinanstar.prepys.com Pangasinan Star Online] * [http://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Test-wp/pag Pangasinan Test Wikipedia] {{Pangasinan}} [[Category:Baley na Pangasinan]] [[en:Agno, Pangasinan]] [[de:Agno (Pangasinan)]] [[ilo:Agno, Pangasinan]] [[nl:Agno (Pangasinan)]] [[pam:Agno, Pangasinan]] Lingayen, Pangasinan 419 1244 2006-10-18T00:17:21Z Arikasikis 11 {{translation}} [[Image:Ph_locator_pangasinan_lingayen.png|right|Map of Pangasinan showing the location of Lingayen]] '''Lingayen''' is a 1st class [[Philippine municipality|municipality]] in the [[Philippine province|province]] of [[Pangasinan province|Pangasinan]] on the island of [[Luzon]] in the [[Philippines]]. It is the capital municipality of Pangasinan. According to the [[2000]] census, it has a population of 88,891 people in 16,467 households. The town was the site of the amphibious landing of U.S. liberation forces under General Douglas MacArthur on 8-9 January 1945, from which U.S. forces punctured the Japanese defenses on Luzon Island and rescued American and allied prisoners of war interned at the University of Sto. Tomas campus in Manila. Lingayen is the birthplace of former [[President of the Philippines|President]] [[Fidel V. Ramos]]. Lingayen is the home for world-class products such as [[bocayo]] and [[bagoong]]. Also in this municipality lies the popular Lingayen Beach. ==Barangays== Lingayen is politically subdivided into 32 [[barangay]]s. <table border=0><tr> <td valign=top> * Aliwekwek * Baay * Balangobong * Balococ * Bantayan * Basing * Capandanan * Domalandan Center * Domalandan East * Domalandan West * Dorongan </td><td valign=top> * Dulag * Estanza * Lasip * Libsong East * Libsong West * Malawa * Malimpuec * Maniboc * Matalava * Naguelguel * Namolan </td><td valign=top> * Pangapisan North * Pangapisan Sur * Poblacion * Quibaol * Rosario * Sabangan * Talogtog * Tonton * Tumbar * Wawa </td></tr></table> ==External links== * [http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp Philippine Standard Geographic Code] * [http://www.t-macs.com/kiso/local/ 2000 Philippine Census Information] * [http://www.pangasinan.gov.ph Official Website of the Provincial Government of Pangasinan] * [http://www.pasyalan.net/pangasinan/ Pasyalan Pangasinan] * [http://www.dalityapi.com Pangasinan: Preservation and Revitalization of the Pangasinan Language and Literature] * [http://punch.dagupan.com Sunday Punch] * [http://www.sunstar.com.ph/pangasinan Sun Star Pangasinan] * [http://pangasinanstar.prepys.com Pangasinan Star Online] * [http://www.kingfisher.edu.ph/ Kingfisher School of Business and Finance] * [http://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Test-wp/pag Pangasinan Test Wikipedia] {{Pangasinan}} [[Category:Municipalities of Pangasinan]] [[de:Lingayen]] [[ilo:Lingayen, Pangasinan]] [[nl:Lingayen]] Charles Darwin 420 1076 2006-10-14T18:41:14Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:Charles Darwin.jpg|thumb|right|Charles Darwin]] [[ar:تشارلز داروين]] [[ast:Charles Darwin]] [[az:Çarlz Robert Darvin]] [[bg:Чарлз Дарвин]] [[bn:চার্ল্‌স্‌ ডারউইন]] [[bs:Charles Darwin]] [[ca:Charles Robert Darwin]] [[cs:Charles Darwin]] [[cy:Charles Darwin]] [[de:Charles Darwin]] [[el:Κάρολος Δαρβίνος]] [[en:Charles Darwin]] [[eo:Charles Darwin]] [[es:Charles Darwin]] [[et:Charles Darwin]] [[eu:Charles Darwin]] [[fa:چارلز داروین]] [[fi:Charles Darwin]] [[fr:Charles Darwin]] [[fy:Charles Darwin]] [[ga:Charles Darwin]] [[gd:Charles Darwin]] [[gl:Charles Darwin]] [[he:צ'ארלס דרווין]] [[hi:चार्ल्स डार्विन]] [[hr:Charles Darwin]] [[hu:Charles Darwin]] [[hy:Շարլ Դարվին]] [[id:Charles Darwin]] [[io:Charles Darwin]] [[is:Charles Darwin]] [[it:Charles Darwin]] [[ja:チャールズ・ダーウィン]] [[kn:ಚಾರ್ಲ್ಸ್ ಡಾರ್ವಿನ್]] [[ko:찰스 다윈]] [[ku:Charles Darwin]] [[la:Carolus Darwin]] [[lb:Charles Darwin]] [[lt:Čarlzas Darvinas]] [[lv:Čārlzs Darvins]] [[mk:Чарлс Дарвин]] [[mr:चार्ल्स डार्विन]] [[ms:Charles Darwin]] [[nl:Charles Darwin]] [[nn:Charles Darwin]] [[no:Charles Darwin]] [[oc:Charles Darwin]] [[pl:Charles Darwin]] [[pt:Charles Darwin]] [[ro:Charles Darwin]] [[ru:Дарвин, Чарлз Роберт]] [[scn:Charles Darwin]] [[sco:Charles Darwin]] [[sh:Čarls Darvin]] [[simple:Charles Darwin]] [[sk:Charles Robert Darwin]] [[sl:Charles Darwin]] [[sq:Charles Darwin]] [[sr:Чарлс Дарвин]] [[sv:Charles Darwin]] [[ta:சார்லஸ் டார்வின்]] [[tg:Чарлз Дарвин]] [[th:ชาลส์ ดาร์วิน]] [[tl:Charles Darwin]] [[tr:Charles Darwin]] [[uk:Дарвін Чарльз Роберт]] [[vi:Charles Darwin]] [[yi:טשארלס דארווין]] [[zh:查尔斯·罗伯特·达尔文]] [[zh-yue:達爾文]] Thomas Edison 421 1080 2006-10-14T18:44:50Z Arikasikis 11 [[ar:توماس إديسون]] [[ast:Thomas Alva Edison]] [[bg:Томас Едисън]] [[bn:টমাস আলভা এডিসন]] [[bs:Thomas Alva Edison]] [[ca:Thomas Alva Edison]] [[cs:Thomas Alva Edison]] [[de:Thomas Alva Edison]] [[en:Thomas Edison]] [[eo:Thomas Alva Edison]] [[es:Thomas Alva Edison]] [[eu:Thomas Alva Edison]] [[fa:توماس ادیسون]] [[fi:Thomas Alva Edison]] [[fr:Thomas Alva Edison]] [[gl:Thomas Alva Edison]] [[he:תומאס אלווה אדיסון]] [[hr:Thomas Alva Edison]] [[hu:Thomas Alva Edison]] [[id:Thomas Alva Edison]] [[is:Thomas Alva Edison]] [[it:Thomas Alva Edison]] [[ja:トーマス・エジソン]] [[ka:ედისონი, თომას ალვა]] [[ko:토머스 에디슨]] [[la:Thomas Edison]] [[lt:Tomas Edisonas]] [[lv:Tomass Edisons]] [[mk:Томас Алва Едисон]] [[mn:Томас Альва Эдисон]] [[mr:थॉमस अल्वा एडिसन]] [[ms:Thomas Edison]] [[nl:Thomas Edison]] [[nn:Thomas Edison]] [[no:Thomas Edison]] [[pl:Thomas Alva Edison]] [[pt:Thomas Edison]] [[ro:Thomas Alva Edison]] [[ru:Эдисон, Томас Алва]] [[scn:Thomas Alva Edison]] [[sco:Thomas Edison]] [[sh:Tomas Alva Edison]] [[simple:Thomas Alva Edison]] [[sk:Thomas Edison]] [[sl:Thomas Alva Edison]] [[sq:Thomas Edison]] [[sr:Томас Алва Едисон]] [[sv:Thomas Edison]] [[ta:தொமஸ் அல்வா எடிசன்]] [[th:โทมัส เอดิสัน]] [[tl:Thomas Edison]] [[tr:Thomas Alva Edison]] [[uk:Едісон Томас]] [[vi:Thomas Alva Edison]] [[zh:托马斯·爱迪生]] [[zh-yue:愛迪生]] Albert Einstein 422 1081 2006-10-14T18:45:45Z Arikasikis 11 [[af:Albert Einstein]] [[als:Albert Einstein]] [[an:Albert Einstein]] [[ar:ألبرت آينشتاين]] [[ast:Albert Einstein]] [[az:Albert Eynşteyn]] [[be:Альбэрт Айнштайн]] [[bg:Алберт Айнщайн]] [[bm:Albert Einstein]] [[bn:আলবার্ট আইনস্টাইন]] [[br:Albert Einstein]] [[bs:Albert Einstein]] [[ca:Albert Einstein]] [[cs:Albert Einstein]] [[de:Albert Einstein]] [[el:Άλμπερτ Αϊνστάιν]] [[en:Albert Einstein]] [[eo:Albert Einstein]] [[es:Albert Einstein]] [[et:Albert Einstein]] [[eu:Albert Einstein]] [[fa:آلبرت اینشتین]] [[fi:Albert Einstein]] [[fr:Albert Einstein]] [[ga:Albert Einstein]] [[gd:Albert Einstein]] [[gl:Albert Einstein]] [[he:אלברט איינשטיין]] [[hi:ऐल्बर्ट आइनस्टाइन]] [[hr:Albert Einstein]] [[hu:Albert Einstein]] [[hy:Էյնշտեյն Ալբերտ]] [[ia:Albert Einstein]] [[id:Albert Einstein]] [[ilo:Albert Einstein]] [[io:Albert Einstein]] [[is:Albert Einstein]] [[it:Albert Einstein]] [[ja:アルベルト・アインシュタイン]] [[jbo:albert.ainctain]] [[jv:Albert Einstein]] [[ka:აინშტაინი, ალბერტ]] [[kn:ಆಲ್ಬರ್ಟ್ ಐನ್‍ಸ್ಟೀನ್]] [[ko:알베르트 아인슈타인]] [[ksh:Albert Einstein]] [[ku:Albert Einstein]] [[la:Albertus Einstein]] [[lad:Albert Einstein]] [[lb:Albert Einstein]] [[lmo:Albert Einstein]] [[lt:Albertas Einšteinas]] [[lv:Alberts Einšteins]] [[mk:Алберт Ајнштајн]] [[mr:अल्बर्ट आईन्स्टाईन]] [[ms:Albert Einstein]] [[nds:Albert Einstein]] [[nl:Albert Einstein]] [[nn:Albert Einstein]] [[no:Albert Einstein]] [[os:Эйнштейн, Альберт]] [[pl:Albert Einstein]] [[pt:Albert Einstein]] [[qu:Albert Einstein]] [[ro:Albert Einstein]] [[ru:Эйнштейн, Альберт]] [[scn:Albert Einstein]] [[sco:Albert Einstein]] [[sh:Albert Einstein]] [[simple:Albert Einstein]] [[sk:Albert Einstein]] [[sl:Albert Einstein]] [[sq:Albert Einstein]] [[sr:Алберт Ајнштајн]] [[sv:Albert Einstein]] [[ta:அல்பர்ட் ஐன்ஸ்டீன்]] [[th:อัลเบิร์ต ไอน์สไตน์]] [[tl:Albert Einstein]] [[tpi:Albert Einstein]] [[tr:Albert Einstein]] [[tt:Albert Einstein]] [[uk:Альберт Ейнштейн]] [[vi:Albert Einstein]] [[wo:Albert Einstein]] [[yi:אלבערט איינשטיין]] [[zh:阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦]] [[zh-yue:愛因斯坦]] Hamid Karzai 425 1084 2006-10-14T18:50:20Z Arikasikis 11 Pangulo na Afghanistan Afghanistan 436 1119 2006-10-14T20:53:36Z Arikasikis 11 {{Infobox_Country| |native_name = د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت ''Da Afġānistān Islāmī jomhoriyat'' جمهوری اسلامی افغانستان''' '''''jomhoriye-e Eslāmī-ye Afġānistān'' |conventional_long_name = Islamic Republic of Afghanistan |common_name = Afghanistan |image_flag = Flag of Afghanistan.svg |image_coat = Afghanistan COA.png |symbol_type=Simbolo |image_map = LocationAfghanistan.png |national_motto = none |national_anthem = ''[[Soroud-e-Melli]]'' |official_languages = [[Pashto]], [[Dari (Afghanistan)|Persian (Dari)]][1] |capital = [[Kabul]] |latd=34|latm=31|latNS=N|longd=69|longm=08|longEW=E |largest_city = [[Kabul]] |government_type = [[Islamic Republic]] |leader_title1 = [[Pangolo na Afghanistan|Pangolo]] |leader_title2 = [[Kumadwan pangolo|Kumadwan Pangolo]] |leader_name1 = [[Hamid Karzai]] |leader_name2 = [[Ahmad Zia Massoud]] |leader_title3 = [[Kumadwan pangolo|Kumadwan Pangolo]] |leader_name3 = [[Karim Khalili]] |area_rank = 40th |area_magnitude = 1_E11 |area = 647,500 |areami² = 250,001 |percent_water = N/A | |population_estimate = 29,863,000 |population_estimate_year = 2005 |population_estimate_rank = 38th |population_census = 13,051,358 |population_census_year = 1979 |population_density = 43 |population_densitymi² = 111 |population_density_rank= ika-125 |GDP_PPP_year= 2006 |GDP_PPP = $31.9 bilyon |GDP_PPP_rank = 91st |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $1,310 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = ika-162 |HDI_year = 2003 |HDI = NA |HDI_rank = aga ni alista |HDI_category = NA |sovereignty_type = [[Kawayangen]] |sovereignty_note = manlapod impluensya na [[United Kingdom|UK]] |established_event1 = Bilang na Agew |established_date1 = [[August 19]], [[1919]] |currency = [[Afghani (kwarta)|Afghani (Af)]] |currency_code = AFN |country_code = AFG |time_zone = |utc_offset = +4:30 |time_zone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = +4:30 |cctld = [[.af]] |calling_code = 93 |footnotes =[1] onong ed [http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/af.html CIA - The World Factbook - Afghanistan] }} Sakey ya dalin ed [[Pegley Asia]] so '''Afghanistan''' ([[Pashtu]]/[[Dari-Persian]]: افغانستان, ''Afğānistān''). Saray kabay toran dalin: [[Iran]] diad sagor; [[Pakistan]] diad abalaten san bokig; [[Turkmenistan]], [[Uzbekistan]] san [[Tajikistan]] diad baybay; san [[China]] diad sankabokigan na dalin. {{stub}} {{Central Asia}} [[Category:saray dalin ed Asya]] [[af:Afghanistan]] [[als:Afghanistan]] [[an:Afganistán]] [[ar:أفغانستان]] [[ast:Afganistán]] [[az:Əfqanıstan]] [[bg:Афганистан]] [[bn:আফগানিস্তান]] [[br:Afghanistan]] [[bs:Afganistan]] [[ca:Afganistan]] [[cs:Afghánistán]] [[cv:Афганистан]] [[cy:Afghanistan]] [[da:Afghanistan]] [[de:Afghanistan]] [[dv:އައްފާނިސްތާން]] [[el:Αφγανιστάν]] [[en:Afghanistan]] [[eo:Afganio]] [[es:Afganistán]] [[et:Afganistan]] [[eu:Afganistan]] [[fa:افغانستان]] [[fi:Afganistan]] [[fr:Afghanistan]] [[fur:Afghanistan]] [[fy:Afganistan]] [[ga:An Afganastáin]] [[gd:Afghanistan]] [[gl:Afganistán - افغانستان]] [[gu:અફઘાનિસ્તાન]] [[he:אפגניסטן]] [[hi:अफ़्ग़ानिस्तान]] [[hr:Afganistan]] [[ht:Afganistan]] [[hu:Afganisztán]] [[hy:Աֆղանստան]] [[ia:Afghanistan]] [[id:Afganistan]] [[ilo:Afganistan]] [[io:Afganistan]] [[is:Afganistan]] [[it:Afghanistan]] [[ja:アフガニスタン]] [[ka:ავღანეთი]] [[km:អាហ្វហ្គានីស្តង់]] [[ko:아프가니스탄]] [[ku:Efxanistan]] [[kw:Afghanistan]] [[la:Afgania]] [[lb:Afghanistan]] [[li:Afganistan]] [[lt:Afganistanas]] [[lv:Afganistāna]] [[mk:Авганистан]] [[ml:അഫ്ഗാനിസ്ഥാന്‍]] [[mo:Афганистан]] [[ms:Afghanistan]] [[na:Afganistan]] [[nds:Afghanistan]] [[nl:Afghanistan]] [[nn:Afghanistan]] [[no:Afghanistan]] [[oc:Afganistan]] [[os:Афгъанистан]] [[pam:Afghanistan]] [[pl:Afganistan]] [[ps:افغانستان]] [[pt:Afeganistão]] [[ro:Afganistan]] [[ru:Афганистан]] [[sa:अफगानस्थान]] [[scn:Afganistàn]] [[se:Afghanistan]] [[sh:Afganistan]] [[simple:Afghanistan]] [[sk:Afganistan]] [[sl:Afganistan]] [[sq:Afganistani]] [[sr:Авганистан]] [[sv:Afghanistan]] [[ta:ஆப்கானிஸ்தான்]] [[tet:Afeganistaun]] [[tg:Афғонистон]] [[th:ประเทศอัฟกานิสถาน]] [[tk:Owganystan]] [[tr:Afganistan]] [[udm:Афганистан]] [[ug:ئافغانىستان]] [[uk:Афганістан]] [[uz:Afg`oniston]] [[vi:Afghanistan]] [[zh:阿富汗]] [[zh-min-nan:Afghanistan]] Template:Infobox Country 437 1129 2006-10-14T21:50:21Z Arikasikis 11 <div style="float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width: auto; text-align: center; font-size: 90%; line-height: 1.4em;">  <div style="border: 1px solid #ccd2d9; width: 24em; background: #f9f9f9; text-align: left; padding: 0.5em 1em 0.5em 1em; text-align: center;">  {| style="background: transparent; text-align: left; table-layout: auto; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; font-size: 100%;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" |+ style="margin-left: inherit; font-size: 135%; padding-bottom: 0.5em; line-height: 1.1em;" | '''{{{native_name}}}'''{{#if:{{{conventional_long_name|}}}| '''{{{conventional_long_name|}}}'''}} |- style="border-top-style: hidden;" | colspan="2" | {| style="text-align: center; margin: 0 auto; background: none;" |- | style="border: 0; vertical-align: middle;" | [[Image:{{{image_flag}}}|125px|Laylay na {{{common_name}}}]] | style="border: 0; vertical-align: middle;" | [[Image:{{{image_coat}}}|110px|{{{symbol_type|Simbolo}}} na {{{common_name}}}]] |- style="font-size: 95%;" | style="border: 0;text-align: center;" | [[Laylay na {{{common_name}}}|Laylay]] | style="border: 0;text-align: center;" | [[{{{symbol_type_article|{{{symbol_type|Simbolo}}}}}} na {{{common_name}}}|{{{symbol_type|Simbolo}}}]] |} {{#if: {{{national_motto|}}} | {{!}}-  {{!}} colspan="2" style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: center; font-size: 95%;" {{!}} [[Listaan na saray motto|Motto]]: {{{national_motto}}} }} |-  | colspan="2" style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: center; font-size: 95%;" | [[Kansion na Dalin]]: {{{national_anthem}}} |-  | colspan="2" style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; vertical-align: top; text-align: center; font-size: 95%;" | [[Image:{{{image_map}}}|250px|center|Lokasyon ng {{{common_name}}}]] |-  | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top" | '''[[Listaan na saray kabesera na saray dalin|Kabesera]]''' | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top" | {{{capital}}} {{coor dm|{{{latd}}}|{{{latm}}}|{{{latNS}}}|{{{longd}}}|{{{longm}}}|{{{longEW}}}|type:country({{{area}}})}} |-  | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | '''[[Demography na {{{common_name}}}|{{{largest_settlement_type|Sankabalgan ya siyudad}}}]]''' | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top" | {{{largest_settlement|{{{largest_city}}}}}} |-  | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | '''[[Salita ya uusarin na gobiyerno]]''' | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top" | {{{official_languages}}} |-  | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | '''[[Listaan na saray dalin onong ed sayan ocsoy na gobiyerno|Gobiyerno]]''' | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0 0; vertical-align: top;" | {{{government_type}}} |- {{#if:{{{leader_titles|}}} | {{!}} style="padding: 0 1em 0.4em 0; text-align:left;" {{!}} {{{leader_titles}}} {{!}} style="padding: 0 1em 0.4em 0; text-align:left;" {{!}} {{{leader_names}}} }} |- {{#if:{{{leader_title1|}}} | {{!}} style="padding: 0 1em 0.2em 0; text-align:left; vertical-align: top" {{!}}  - {{{leader_title1}}} {{!}} style="padding: 0 1em 0.2em 0; text-align:left; vertical-align: top" {{!}} {{{leader_name1}}} }} |- {{#if:{{{leader_title2|}}} | {{!}} style="padding: 0 1em 0.2em 0; text-align:left; vertical-align: top" {{!}}  - {{{leader_title2}}} {{!}} style="padding: 0 1em 0.2em 0; text-align:left; vertical-align: top" {{!}} {{{leader_name2}}} }} |- {{#if:{{{leader_title3|}}} | {{!}} style="padding: 0 1em 0.2em 0; text-align:left; vertical-align: top" {{!}}  - {{{leader_title3}}} {{!}} style="padding: 0 1em 0.2em 0; text-align:left; vertical-align: top" {{!}} {{{leader_name3}}} }} |- {{#if:{{{leader_title4|}}} | {{!}} style="padding: 0 1em 0.2em 0; text-align:left; vertical-align: top" {{!}}  - {{{leader_title4}}} {{!}} style="padding: 0 1em 0.2em 0; text-align:left; vertical-align: top" {{!}} {{{leader_name4}}} }} |- {{#if:{{{leader_title5|}}} | {{!}} style="padding: 0 1em 0.2em 0; text-align:left; vertical-align: top" {{!}}  - {{{leader_title5}}} {{!}} style="padding: 0 1em 0.2em 0; text-align:left; vertical-align: top" {{!}} {{{leader_name5}}} }} |-  {{#if:{{{established_event1|}}}{{{sovereignty_note|}}} | {{!}} style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" {{!}} '''{{{sovereignty_type}}}''' {{!}} style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0 0; vertical-align: top;" {{!}} {{{sovereignty_note|}}}  {{!}}- | {{!}} style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" {{!}} '''{{{sovereignty_type}}}''' {{{established_events}}} {{!}} style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top;" {{!}} {{{established_dates}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if: {{{established_event1|}}} | {{!}} style="padding: 0em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align: top" {{!}}  - {{{established_event1}}} {{!}}{{!}} {{{established_date1|}}}  {{!}}- }} {{#if: {{{established_event2|}}} | {{!}} style="padding: 0em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align: top" {{!}}  - {{{established_event2}}} {{!}}{{!}} {{{established_date2|}}}  {{!}}- }} {{#if: {{{established_event3|}}} | {{!}} style="padding: 0em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align: top" {{!}}  - {{{established_event3}}} {{!}}{{!}} {{{established_date3|}}}  {{!}}- }} {{#if: {{{established_event4|}}} | {{!}} style="padding: 0em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align: top" {{!}}  - {{{established_event4}}} {{!}}{{!}} {{{established_date4|}}}  {{!}}- }} {{#if: {{{established_event5|}}} | {{!}} style="padding: 0em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align: top" {{!}}  - {{{established_event5}}} {{!}}{{!}} {{{established_date5|}}}  {{!}}- }} {{#if: {{{established_event6|}}} | {{!}} style="padding: 0em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align: top" {{!}}  - {{{established_event6}}} {{!}}{{!}} {{{established_date6|}}}  {{!}}- }} {{#if: {{{accessionEUdate|}}} | {{!}} style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" {{!}} '''[[European Union|Accession to EU]]''' {{!}} style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top;" {{!}} {{{accessionEUdate|}}} }} |-  | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | '''[[Listaan na saray dalin onong ed awang|Awang]]''' | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0 0; " |   |- style="padding: 0 1em 0 0; text-align:left;" |  - Katiponan || [[{{{area_magnitude}}} m²|{{{area}}} km²]] ([[Listaan na saray dalin onong ed awang|{{{area_rank}}}]]) {{ #if: {{{areami²|}}} | {{!}}- style="padding: 0 1em 0 0; text-align:left;" {{!}}   {{!}}{{!}} {{{areami²}}} sq mi  }} |- | style="padding: 0 1em 0.4em 0; text-align:left;" |  - Danom (%) || {{{percent_water}}} |-  | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | '''[[Listaan na saray dalin onong ed bilang na too|Bilang na Too]]''' | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" |   |- | style="padding: 0 1em 0 0; text-align:left;" |  - Nen {{{population_estimate_year}}} || {{{population_estimate}}} ([[Listaan na bilang na too|{{{population_estimate_rank}}}]]) |- {{#if: {{{population_census|}}} | {{!}} style="padding: 0 1em 0 0; text-align:left; vertical-align: top;" {{!}}  - Census nen {{{population_census_year}}} {{!}} {{{population_census}}} }} |- | style="padding: 0 1em 0.4em 0; text-align:left; vertical-align: top;" |  - [[Density na bilang na too|Density]] | style="padding: 0 1em 0.4em 0; text-align:left; vertical-align: top;" | {{{population_density}}}/km² ([[Listaan na saray dalin onong ed density na bilang na too|{{{population_density_rank}}}]]){{ #if: {{{population_densitymi²|}}} | {{{population_densitymi²}}}/sq mi  }} |-  {{ #if: {{{economy|}}} | {{!}} style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" {{!}} '''[[Economy]]''' {{!}} style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top" {{!}} {{{economy}}} {{!}}- }}  {{ #if: {{{GDP_PPP|}}} | {{!}} style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" {{!}} '''[[Gross domestic product{{!}}GDP]]''' ([[Purchasing power parity{{!}}PPP]]) {{!}} style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0 0; vertical-align: top" {{!}} Nen {{{GDP_PPP_year}}} {{!}}-style="padding: 0 1em 0 0; text-align:left; vertical-align: top;" {{!}}  - Katiponan {{!}}{{!}} {{{GDP_PPP}}} ([[Listaan na saray dalin onong ed GDP (PPP){{!}}{{{GDP_PPP_rank}}}]]) {{!}}- {{!}} style="padding: 0 1em 0.4em 0; text-align:left; vertical-align: top;" {{!}}  - Per capita {{!}}{{!}} {{{GDP_PPP_per_capita}}} ([[Listaan na saray bansa onong ed GDP (PPP) per capita{{!}}{{{GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank}}}]]) {{!}}- }}  {{ #if: {{{HDI|}}} | {{!}} style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" {{!}} '''[[Human Development Index{{!}}HDI]]''' ({{{HDI_year}}}) {{!}} style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top" {{!}} {{{HDI}}} ([[Tala ng bansa ayon sa Human Development Index{{!}}{{{HDI_rank}}}]]) – {{{HDI_category}}} }} |-  | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | '''[[Kwarta]]''' | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top;" | {{{currency}}} (<code>[[ISO 4217|{{{currency_code}}}]]</code>) |-  | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | '''[[Zone na oras]]''' | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top" | {{{time_zone}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset}}}) |- style="padding: 0 1em 0 0; text-align:left; vertical-align: top;" {{#if: {{{utc_offset_DST|}}} | {{!}} - Summer ([[Daylight saving time|DST]]) {{!}}{{{DST|{{{time_zone_DST}}} ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]{{{utc_offset_DST}}})}}}}} |- style="padding: 0 1em 0 0; text-align:left; vertical-align: top;" {{#if:{{{DST_note|}}} | {{!}}  {{!}}{{!}} {{{DST_note}}}}} |-  | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | '''[[Listaan na saray Internet top-level domain|Internet TLD]]''' | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top" | {{{cctld}}} |-  | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | '''[[Listaan na saray calling code na saray dalin|Calling code]]''' | style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top" | <code>+{{{calling_code}}}</code> |-  {{#if: {{{footnotes|}}} | {{!}} colspan="2" style="border-top: solid 1px #ccd2d9; padding: 0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align: top" {{!}} {{{footnotes|}}} }} |} </div>  </div> Template:! 438 1114 2006-10-14T20:27:30Z Arikasikis 11 |<noinclude> {{/doc}}</noinclude> Template:Coor dm 439 1112 2006-10-14T20:24:13Z Arikasikis 11 {{coor|{{{1}}}_{{{2}}}_{{{3}}}_{{{4}}}_{{{5}}}_{{{6}}}_{{{7}}}|{{{1}}}°{{{2}}}′ {{{3}}} {{{4}}}°{{{5}}}′ {{{6}}}}} Template:Coor 440 1113 2006-10-14T20:24:37Z Arikasikis 11 [http://kvaleberg.com/extensions/mapsources/index.php?params={{{1}}} {{{2}}}] Kawayangen 441 1121 2006-10-14T20:57:02Z Arikasikis 11 Diad English say labay na ibaga na kawayangen: independence. Austria 442 1147 2006-10-14T22:37:44Z Arikasikis 11 {{Infobox_Country| common_name = Austria| native_name = ''Republik Österreich''| conventional_long_name = Republic of Austria| image_flag = Flag of Austria.svg| image_coat = Austria Bundesadler.svg| image_map = LocationAustria.png| national_motto = anggapo| national_anthem = ''[[Land der Berge, Land am Strome]]'' ("Land of Mountains, Land on the River")| official_languages = [[Salitan German|German]] (official) [[Salitan Slovenian|Slovenian]] ([[Salitan para region|reg.]]) [[Salitan Croatian|Croatian]] (reg.) [[Salitan Hungarian|Hungarian]] (reg.) [[Austrian Sign Language]] | capital = [[Vienna]]| latd=48|latm=12|latNS=N|longd=16|longm=21|longEW=E| largest_city = Vienna| government_type = [[Republic]]| leader_title1 = [[Pangolo na Federal na Austria|Pangolo]] | leader_title2 = [[Chancellor na Austria|Chancellor]]| leader_name1 = [[Heinz Fischer]] | leader_name2 = [[Wolfgang Schüssel]]| sovereignty_type = [[Austrian State Treaty|Kawayangen]]| established_date1 = [[October 26]], [[1955]] | established_event1 = [[Austrian State Treaty]] | accessionEUdate = [[January 1]], [[1995]]| area = 83,871| area_rank = kuma-113| area_magnitude = 1 E10| percent_water = 1.3| areami² = 32,383| population_estimate = 8,189,000| population_estimate_year= 2005| population_estimate_rank= kuma-92| population_density = 97| population_density_rank = kuma-78| population_densitymi² = 251| population_census = 8,032,926| population_census_year = 2001| GDP_PPP = $267 billion| GDP_PPP_year = 2005| GDP_PPP_rank = ika-34| GDP_nominal = $318 billion| GDP_nominal_year = 2005| GDP_nominal_rank = kuma-22| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $32,962| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = ika-8| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $39,292| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=kuma-10| HDI_year = 2003| HDI = 0.936| HDI_rank = kuma-17| HDI_category = high| currency = [[Austrian euro coins|Euro]][1]| currency_code = EUR| time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]]| utc_offset = +1| time_zone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]| utc_offset_DST = +2| cctld = [[.at]]| calling_code = 43| footnotes = [1] Balo 2002: Austrian [[Schilling]]| }} Sakey ya dalin ed [[Pegley na Europe]] so '''Austria''' (/ós·tri·ya/) ay isang bansa sa [[Gitnang Europa]]. [[Vienna]] so kabesera to.Aliktoben na saray dalin na [[Germany]] tan [[Czech Republic]] ed baybay, [[Slovakia]] tan [[Hungary]] ed bokig, [[Slovenia]] tan [[Italy]] ed abalaten, san [[Switzerland]] tan [[Liechtenstein]] ed sagor. {{stub}}{{EU countries and candidates}} {{Europe}} [[Category:Saray dalin ed Europa]] [[Category:Austria]] [[af:Oostenryk]] [[als:Österreich]] [[am:ኦስትሪያ]] [[an:Austria]] [[ang:Ēastrīce]] [[ar:نمسا]] [[arc:ܢܡܣܐ]] [[ast:Austria]] [[be:Аўстрыя]] [[bg:Австрия]] [[bn:অস্ট্রিয়া]] [[br:Aostria]] [[bs:Austrija]] [[ca:Àustria]] [[cs:Rakousko]] [[cy:Awstria]] [[da:Østrig]] [[de:Österreich]] [[el:Αυστρία]] [[en:Austria]] [[eo:Aŭstrio]] [[es:Austria]] [[et:Austria]] [[eu:Austria]] [[fa:اتریش]] [[fi:Itävalta]] [[fiu-vro:Austria]] [[fo:Eysturríki]] [[fr:Autriche]] [[fur:Austrie]] [[fy:Eastenryk]] [[ga:An Ostair]] [[gd:An Ostair]] [[gl:Austria - Österreich]] [[gu:ઑસ્ટ્રિયા]] [[he:אוסטריה]] [[hi:ऑस्ट्रिया]] [[hr:Austrija]] [[hu:Ausztria]] [[hy:Ավստրիա]] [[ia:Austria]] [[id:Austria]] [[io:Austria]] [[is:Austurríki]] [[it:Austria]] [[ja:オーストリア]] [[ka:ავსტრია]] [[km:អូត្រីហ្ស]] [[ko:오스트리아]] [[ku:Avûstûrya]] [[kw:Estrych]] [[la:Austria]] [[lb:Éisträich]] [[li:Oesteriek]] [[lt:Austrija]] [[lv:Austrija]] [[mk:Австрија]] [[ms:Austria]] [[mt:Awstrija]] [[na:Austria]] [[nds:Öösterriek]] [[nds-nl:Oostnriek]] [[ne:अष्ट्रीया]] [[nl:Oostenrijk]] [[nn:Austerrike]] [[no:Østerrike]] [[nrm:Autriche]] [[oc:Àustria]] [[os:Австри]] [[pam:Austria]] [[pdc:Eestereich]] [[pl:Austria]] [[ps:اطريش]] [[pt:Áustria]] [[rm:Austria]] [[ro:Austria]] [[ru:Австрия]] [[sa:आस्ट्रिया]] [[scn:Austria]] [[se:Nuortariika]] [[sh:Austrija]] [[simple:Austria]] [[sk:Rakúsko]] [[sl:Avstrija]] [[sq:Austria]] [[sr:Аустрија]] [[sv:Österrike]] [[ta:ஆஸ்திரியா]] [[tet:Áustria]] [[th:ประเทศออสเตรีย]] [[tr:Avusturya]] [[ug:ئاۋسترىيە]] [[uk:Австрія]] [[vi:Áo]] [[yi:עסטרייך]] [[zh:奥地利]] [[zh-min-nan:Tang-kok]] Germany 443 1135 2006-10-14T21:59:03Z Arikasikis 11 {| border="1" align="right" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="300" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+ <big>'''Bundesrepublik Deutschland'''</big> |- | align="center" colspan="2" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="background: #f9f9f9; text-align: center;" | width="130px" | [[Image:Flag of Germany.svg|125px|Laylay na Germany]] | width="130px" | [[Image:Coat of Arms of Germany.svg|100px|Simbolo na dalin na Germany]] |- | Laylay na Federal || Simbolo na Dalin |} |- | align="center" colspan="2" | ''[[motto]] na dalin: Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit ([[Salitan German|German]]: “Pantitipon tan katonongan tan Inkabolos”)'' |- | align="center" colspan="2" style="background:#f9f9f9;" | [[image:LocationGermany.png|Napan-anapan na Germany]] |- | [[Kabesera]] || [[Berlin]] |- | [[Salitan Uusarin na Gobiyerno]] || [[Salitan German|German]]1 |- | [[Kansion na dalin]] || ''[[Das Lied der Deutschen]]'' |- | valign="top" | Pantitipon Kumadwan Pantitipon | [[Treaty na Verdun]] ([[843]]) [[Enero 18]], [[1871]] [[Mayo 23]], [[1949]] [[October 3]], [[1990]] |- | Kabesera || [[Berlin]] |- | [[Listaan na saray dalin onong ed gobiyerno|Ocsoy na gobiyerno]] || Republic |- | [[Politics na Germany|Saray lider]]  - [[Listaan na saray Chancellor na Germany]]  - [[Listaan na saray Pangolo na Germany|Pangolo]] || [[Angela Merkel (CDU)]] [[Horst Köhler]] |- | [[Awang]]  - Katiponan  - % danom || [[Listaan na saray dalin onong ed awang|Kuma-61]] [[1 E11 m2|349 223 km²]] 2416% |- | [[Bilang na too]]  - Katiponan  - [[Density]] || [[Listaan na saray dalin onong ed bilang na too|Kuma-13]] 83 251 851 238 hab./km² |- | [[Gross Domestic Product|GDP]]  - Katiponan ([[2003]])  - GDP/capita || [[Listaan na saray dalin onong ed GDP|kuma-4]] 1.62 billion € 19.714€ |- | [[Kwarta]] || [[Euro]] ([[ISO 4217|€ EUR]])2 |- | [[Zone na Oras]]  - en [[Oras no tiagew|tiagew]] || [[CET]] ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]+1) [[CEST]] ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]+2) |- | [[Listaan na saray calling code na saray dalin|Calling Code]] || +49 |- | [[Listaan na saray internet top-level domain|ccTLD]] || [[.de]] |- | align="left" colspan="2" |- Mikabiangan ed: [[UE]], [[UN]], [[NATO]], [[CBSS]] |} Say '''Federal Republic na Germany''' odino ''Bundesrepublik Deutschland'' (diad salitan German), naanap ed [[Pegley na Europe]]. Aliktoben na [[Baybay Dayat]], [[Denmark]] tan [[Baltic Dayat]] ed baybay, [[Poland]] tan [[Czech Republic]] ed bokig, [[Austria]] tan [[Switzerland]] ed abalaten, san [[France]], [[Luxembourg]], [[Belgium]] tan [[Netherlands]] ed sagor. {{stub}}{{EU countries and candidates}} {{Europe}} [[Category:Germany]] [[Category:Saray dalin ed Europe]] [[af:Duitsland]] [[als:Deutschland]] [[am:ጀርመን]] [[an:Alemaña]] [[ang:Þēodiscland]] [[ar:ألمانيا]] [[arc:ܓܪܡܢ]] [[ast:Alemaña]] [[az:Almaniya]] [[bar:Deutschland]] [[be:Нямеччына]] [[bg:Германия]] [[br:Alamagn]] [[bs:Njemačka]] [[ca:Alemanya]] [[cs:Německo]] [[csb:Miemieckô]] [[cv:Германи]] [[cy:Yr Almaen]] [[da:Tyskland]] [[de:Deutschland]] [[el:Γερμανία]] [[en:Germany]] [[eo:Germanio]] [[es:Alemania]] [[et:Saksamaa]] [[eu:Alemania]] [[fa:آلمان]] [[fi:Saksa]] [[fiu-vro:S'aksamaa]] [[fo:Týskland]] [[fr:Allemagne]] [[frp:Alemagne]] [[fur:Gjermanie]] [[fy:Dútslân]] [[ga:An Ghearmáin]] [[gd:A' Ghearmailt]] [[gl:Alemaña - Deutschland]] [[gn:Alemaña]] [[gv:Yn Ghermaan]] [[he:גרמניה]] [[hi:जर्मनी]] [[hr:Njemačka]] [[hu:Németország]] [[hy:Գերմանիա]] [[ia:Germania]] [[id:Jerman]] [[ilo:Alemania]] [[io:Germania]] [[is:Þýskaland]] [[it:Germania]] [[ja:ドイツ]] [[jbo:dotygu'e]] [[jv:Jerman]] [[ka:გერმანია]] [[kn:ಜರ್ಮನಿ]] [[ko:독일]] [[ku:Elmanya]] [[kw:Almayn]] [[la:Germania]] [[lb:Däitschland]] [[lg:Girimane]] [[li:Duutsjlandj]] [[ln:Alémani]] [[lt:Vokietija]] [[lv:Vācija]] [[mi:Tiamana]] [[mk:Германија]] [[mo:Ӂермания]] [[mr:जर्मनी]] [[ms:Jerman]] [[mt:Ġermanja]] [[na:Germany]] [[nah:Teutōtitlan]] [[nds:Düütschland]] [[nds-nl:Duutslaand]] [[ne:जर्मनी]] [[nl:Duitsland]] [[nn:Tyskland]] [[no:Tyskland]] [[nrm:Allemangne]] [[oc:Alemanha]] [[os:Герман]] [[pam:Germany]] [[pdc:Deitschland]] [[pl:Niemcy]] [[pms:Germania]] [[ps:جرمني/آلمان]] [[pt:Alemanha]] [[qu:Alimaniya]] [[rm:Germania]] [[rmy:Jermaniya]] [[ro:Germania]] [[roa-rup:Ghermãnia]] [[ru:Германия]] [[sc:Germània]] [[scn:Girmania]] [[sco:Germany]] [[se:Duiska]] [[sh:Nemačka]] [[simple:Germany]] [[sk:Nemecko]] [[sl:Nemčija]] [[so:Jarmal]] [[sq:Gjermania]] [[sr:Немачка]] [[st:Tôitšhi]] [[su:Jėrman]] [[sv:Tyskland]] [[sw:Ujerumani]] [[ta:ஜெர்மனி]] [[tet:Alemaña]] [[tg:Олмон]] [[th:สหพันธ์สาธารณรัฐเยอรมนี]] [[tpi:Siaman]] [[tr:Almanya]] [[ty:Heremani]] [[ug:گېرمانىيە]] [[uk:Німеччина]] [[uz:Olmoniya]] [[vec:Germania]] [[vi:Đức]] [[vls:Duutsland]] [[vo:Deutän]] [[yi:דייטשלאנד]] [[yo:Jámánì]] [[zh:德国]] [[zh-min-nan:Tek-kok]] [[zh-yue:德國]] [[zu:IJalimani]] Czech Republic 444 1139 2006-10-14T22:12:00Z Arikasikis 11 {{Infobox_Country| native_name = {{lang|cs|''Česká republika''}} | conventional_long_name = Czech Republic | common_name = Czech Republic | image_flag = Flag of the Czech Republic.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of the Czech Republic.svg| image_map = LocationCzechRepublic.png | national_motto = {{lang|cs|''Pravda vítězí''}} ([[Czech language|Czech]] para "Say Tua Manalo")| national_anthem = {{lang|cs|''[[Kde domov můj]]''}} | official_languages = [[Czech language|Czech]] | capital = [[Prague]] | latd=50|latm=05|latNS=N|longd=14|longm=28|longEW=E| largest_city = [[Prague]] | government_type= [[Republic]] | leader_title1 = [[Pangolo na Czech Republic|Pangolo]] | leader_title2 = [[Listaan na saray Primon Tagalinkor na Czech Republic|Primon Tagalinkor]] | leader_name1 = [[Václav Klaus]] | leader_name2 = [[Mirek Topolánek]] | accessionEUdate = [[May 1]], [[2004]] | area_rank = kuma-117 | area_magnitude = 1_E10 | area=78,866 | areami² = 30,450 |  percent_water = 2.0% | population_estimate = 10,265,231 | population_estimate_year = 2006 | population_estimate_rank = kuma-78 | population_census= 10,230,060 | population_census_year= 2001 | population_density = 130 | population_densitymi² = 337 |  population_density_rank=kuma-77 | religion = [[atheism]], [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]] | GDP_PPP_year=2006 | GDP_PPP = $198.93 [[1000000000 (number)|billion]] | GDP_PPP_rank = 46th2 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $19,478 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 38th2 | HDI_year = 2003 | HDI = 0.874 | HDI_rank = 31st | HDI_category = high | sovereignty_type = [[Formation]] | sovereignty_note = [[9th century]] | established_event1 = [[Kawayangen]] manlapod [[Austria-Hungary]] | established_event2 = [[Dissolution of Czechoslovakia|Dissolution]] na [[Czechoslovakia]] | established_date1 = [[October 28]], [[1918]] | established_date2 = [[January 1]], [[1993]] | currency = [[Czech koruna]] | currency_code = CZK | time_zone= [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset= +1 | time_zone_DST= [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST= +2 | cctld= [[.cz]] 3| calling_code = 4201 | footnotes = 1 Shared code 42 with [[Slovakia]] until [[1997]] 2 Rank based on 2005 IMF data 3 also [[.eu]], shared with other [[European Union]] member states. }} Aliktoben na dalin (land) ya naanap ed [[Pegley Europe]] san mikabiangan ed [[European Union]]so '''Czech Republic''' ({{lang-cs|Česká republika}}). Saray dalin (country) ya wadyad gilig to: [[Austria]] ed abalaten, [[Slovakia]] ed bokig, [[Poland]] ed baybay, san [[Germany]] ed baybay-sagor tan sagor. Template:Lang 445 1137 2006-10-14T22:01:37Z Arikasikis 11 <noinclude>{{protected template}}</noinclude>{{{2}}}<noinclude> [[Category:Multilingual support templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[de:Vorlage:lang]] [[es:Plantilla:Lang]] [[ko:Template:lang]] [[ja:Template:lang]] [[zh:Template:lang]] [[zh-yue:Template:lang]]</noinclude> Template:Lang-cs 446 1138 2006-10-14T22:02:42Z Arikasikis 11 {{langWithName|cs|Czech|''{{{1}}}''}}<noinclude> [[Category:Multilingual support templates|Lang-cs]] [[fi:Malline:K-cs]] </noinclude> Template:LangWithName 447 1140 2006-10-14T22:12:50Z Arikasikis 11 <noinclude>{{protected template}}</noinclude>[[{{{2}}} language|{{{2}}}]]: {{lang|{{{1}}}|{{{3}}}}}<noinclude>[[Category:Multilingual support templates|{{PAGENAME}}]][[ja:Template:LangWithName]]</noinclude> Slovakia 448 1141 2006-10-14T22:21:46Z Arikasikis 11 {{Infobox_Country |native_name = ''Slovenská republika'' |conventional_long_name = Slovak Republic |common_name = Slovakia |image_flag = Flag of Slovakia.svg |image_coat = Coat of Arms of Slovakia.svg |image_map = LocationSlovakia.png |national_motto = anggapo |national_anthem = ''[[Nad Tatrou sa blýska]]'' ("Kirmat labas na saray Tatra") |official_languages = [[Slovak language|Slovak]] |capital = [[Bratislava]] |latd=48|latm=08|latNS=N|longd=17|longm=06|longEW=E| |largest_city = [[Bratislava]] |government_type = [[Parliamentary democracy]] |leader_title1 = [[Pangolo na Slovakia|Pangolo]] |leader_title2 = [[Primon Tagalinkor na Slovakia|Primon Tagalinkor]] |leader_name1 = [[Ivan Gašparovič]] |leader_name2 = [[Robert Fico]] |accessionEUdate = [[May 1]], [[2004]] |area_rank = 130th |area_magnitude =1 E10 |area= 49,036 |areami²=18,933 |percent_water = Negligible |population_estimate = 5,401,000 |population_estimate_rank = 110th |population_estimate_year = July 2005 |population_census = 5,379,455 |population_census_year = 2001 |population_density = 111 |population_densitymi² =287 |population_density_rank = kuma-88 |GDP_PPP = $87.32 billion  |GDP_PPP_rank = kuma-60 |GDP_PPP_year= 2005 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $16,041 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = kuma-45 |sovereignty_type = [[Kawayangen]] |sovereignty_note = From [[Czechoslovakia]] |established_event1 = Bilang na Agew |established_date1 = [[January 1]], [[1993]]<ref>[[Czechoslovakia]] split into the [[Czech Republic]] and Slovakia (see [[Velvet Divorce]])</ref> |HDI = 0.849 |HDI_rank = kuma-42 |HDI_year = 2003 |HDI_category = high |currency = [[Slovak koruna]] |currency_code = SKK |country_code = |time_zone = [[CET]] |utc_offset = +1 |time_zone_DST = [[CEST]] |utc_offset_DST = +2 |cctld = [[.sk]] <ref> also [[.eu]], shared with other [[European Union]] member states.</ref> |calling_code = 421<ref> Shared code 42 with [[Czech Republic]] until [[1997]]</ref> |footnotes = <references /> }} Sakey ya aliktoben na dalin (land) ya naanap ed [[Pegley na Europe]] so '''Slovakia''' ([[Slovak language|Slovak]]: ''Slovensko''). Walay 5 laksa so totoo diad ayan dalin. Mikabiangan met yan dalin ed [[European Union]]. Wadyad sagor to so [[Czech Republic]] tan [[Austria]], baybay to so [[Poland]], bokig to so [[Ukraine]], san abalaten to so [[Hungary]]. Say kabesera to so sankabalgan ton siyudad ya [[Bratislava]]. Hungary 449 1142 2006-10-14T22:26:49Z Arikasikis 11 {{Infobox_Country| |native_name = ''Magyar Köztársaság'' |conventional_long_name = Republic na Hungary |common_name = Hungary |image_flag = Flag of Hungary.svg |image_coat = Coat of arms of Hungary.png |image_map = Europe_location_HUN.png |national_motto = none Historical: [[Latin]]: ''Regnum Mariae Patrona Hungariae'' ([[English language|English]]: "Kaarian nen Mary ya Patrona na Hungary") |national_anthem = ''[[Himnusz|Himnusz (Isten, áldd meg a magyart)]]'' "Hymn (Dios, bless yo ray Hungarian)" |official_languages = [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] (''Magyar'') |capital = [[Budapest]] |latd=47 |latm=26 |latNS=N |longd=19 |longm=15 |longEW=E | |largest_city = [[Budapest]] |government_type = [[Parliamentary system|Parliamentary]] [[republic]] |leader_title1 = [[Pangolo na Hungary|Pangolo]] |leader_title2 = [[Primon Tagalinkor na Hungary|Primon Tagalinkor]] |leader_name1 = [[László Sólyom]] |leader_name2 = [[Ferenc Gyurcsány]] |accessionEUdate = [[May 1]] [[2004]] |area_rank = 109th |area_magnitude = 1 E10 |area = 93,030 |areami²= 35,919 |percent_water = 0.74% |population_estimate = 10,076,581  |population_estimate_year = 2006 |population_estimate_rank = kuma-79 |population_census = 10,198,315 |population_census_year = 2001 |population_density = 109 |population_densitymi² =282  |population_density_rank = kuma-92 |GDP_PPP_year = 2006 |GDP_PPP = $169.875 billion |GDP_PPP_rank = kuma-48 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $17,405 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = kuma-43 |sovereignty_type = [[Kawayangen]] |established_event1 = Pantitipon nen [[Stephen I of Hungary|Stephen I]] |established_date1 = [[December]] [[1000]] |HDI_year = 2003 |HDI = 0.862 |HDI_rank = 35th |HDI_category = high |currency = [[Hungarian forint|Forint]] |currency_code = HUF |country_code = hu |time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset = +1 |time_zone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST = +2 |cctld = [[.hu]] (also [[.eu]] as part of the European Union) |calling_code = 36 |footnotes = |ISO_3166-1_alpha2=HU |ISO_3166-1_alpha3=HUN |ISO_3166-1_numeric=348 |sport_code=HUN |vehicle_code=H }} Italy 450 1144 2006-10-14T22:32:23Z Arikasikis 11 {{Infobox_Country |native_name = ''Repubblica Italiana'' |conventional_long_name = Italiyanon Republic |common_name = Italy |image_flag = Flag of Italy.svg |image_coat = Italian coa.png |symbol_type=Coat of arms |image_map = LocationItaly.png |national_motto = |national_anthem = ''[[Il Canto degli Italiani]]'' (ya amta met ya "Fratelli d'Italia") |official_languages = [[Salitan Italian|Italian]] 1 |latd=41 |latm=54 |latNS=N |longd=12 |longm=29 |longEW=E |capital = [[Rome, Italy|Rome]] |largest_city = [[Rome, Italy|Rome]] |government_type =[[Republic]] |leader_title1 = [[Listaan na saray Pangolo na Italiyanon Republic|Pangolo]] |leader_title2 = [[Listaan na saray Primon Tagalinkor na Italy|Primon Tagalinkor]] |leader_name1 =[[Giorgio Napolitano]] |leader_name2 = [[Romano Prodi]] |accessionEUdate = [[March 25]], [[1957]]; Founding Member |area_rank = kuma-71 |area_magnitude = 1 E11 |area=301,318 |areami²= 116,346.5  |percent_water = 2.4 |population_estimate = 58,751,711  |population_estimate_rank = 22nd |population_estimate_year = 2006 |population_census = 57,110,144 |population_census_year = October 2001 |population_density =192.8 |population_densitymi² = 499.4 |population_density_rank = kuma-54 |GDP_PPP = $1.668 trillion |GDP_PPP_rank= kuma-8 |GDP_PPP_year= 2005 |GDP_PPP_per_capita =$28,760 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = kuma-21 |sovereignty_type = Formation |established_event1 = [[Italian Unification|Unification]] |established_event2 = [[Birth of the Italian Republic|Republic]] |established_date1 = [[17 March]] [[1861]] |established_date2 = [[2 June]] [[1946]] |HDI = 0.934 |HDI_rank = 18th |HDI_year =2003 |HDI_category = high |currency = [[Euro]] ([[Euro sign|€]]) 2 |currency_code = EUR |country_code = |time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset = +1 |time_zone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST = +2 |cctld = [[.it]] 3 |calling_code = 39 |footnotes =1 [[French language|French]] is co-official in the [[Aosta Valley]]; [[German language|German]] is co-official in [[Trentino-South Tyrol]]. 2 Prior to 2002: [[Italian lira|Italian Lira]]. 3 The [[.eu]] domain is also used, as it is shared with other [[European Union]] member states. }} Switzerland 451 1146 2006-10-14T22:36:16Z Arikasikis 11 {{Infobox Country |common_name = Switzerland |native_name = ''Confoederatio Helvetica'' ''Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft'' ''Confédération suisse'' ''Confederazione Svizzera'' ''Confederaziun svizra'' Swiss Confederation |image_flag = Flag of Switzerland.svg|image_coat = Coat of Arms of Switzerland.svg |symbol_type = Coat of arms |image_map = LocationSwitzerland.png |national_anthem = [[Swiss Psalm]] |national_motto = [[Latin]]: ''[[Unus pro omnibus, omnes pro uno]]'' (traditional)<ref>The motto is traditional; it does not have an official status that was defined by the Swiss constitution or a Swiss law. See [[Unus pro omnibus, omnes pro uno]] for more information.</ref> ([[Salitan Pangasinan|Pangasinan]]: "Sakey para amin, amin para sakey") |official_languages = [[German language|German]], [[French language|French]], [[Italian language|Italian]] <ref>http://www.oefre.unibe.ch/law/icl/sz00000_.html Switzerland Constitution], article 70, "Languages": (1) The official languages of the Federation are German, French, and Italian. Romansh is an official language for communicating with persons of Romansh language. (2) The Cantons designate their official languages. In order to preserve harmony between linguistic communities, they respect the traditional territorial distribution of languages, and take into account the indigenous linguistic minorities.</ref> |common_languages = [[Serbo-Croatian]], [[Albanian language|Albanian]], [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[English language|English]] <ref>http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/fr/index/themen/bevoelkerung/sprachen__religionen/blank/medienmitteilungen.Document.24786.html </ref> |capital = [[Bern]] (federal capital) |latd=46|latm=57|latNS=N|longd=7|longm=27|longEW=E |largest_city = [[Zürich]] |government_type = [[Direct democracy]], [[Federal republic]] |leader_title1 = [[Swiss Federal Council|Federal Council]] |leader_name1 = [[Moritz Leuenberger]] ([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Pres. 06]]) [[Pascal Couchepin]] [[Samuel Schmid]] [[Micheline Calmy-Rey]] (V[[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|P 06]]) [[Christoph Blocher]] [[Hans-Rudolf Merz]] [[Doris Leuthard]] |area = 41,285 |areami²=15,940  |area_rank=kuma-136|area_magnitude=1 E10|percent_water=4.2 |population_estimate = 7,252,000|population_estimate_year=July 2005|population_estimate_rank=kuma-95 |population_density = 182 |population_densitymi² =472  |population_density_rank=kuma-61 |population_census = 7,288,010|population_census_year=2000 |GDP_PPP = $264.1 billion|GDP_PPP_year=2005|GDP_PPP_rank=kuma-39 |GDP_nominal = $309 billion|GDP_nominal_year=2003|GDP_nominal_rank=kuma-17 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $35,300|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=kuma-10 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $50,524|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=4th |HDI_year=2003|HDI=0.947|HDI_rank=7th |HDI_category=high |sovereignty_type =[[Independence]] |sovereignty_note = [[Federal Charter of 1291|Federal Charter]] |established_event1 = Declared |established_event2 = Recognised |established_event3 = [[Switzerland as a federal state|Federal state]] |established_date1 = [[August 1]], [[1291]] |established_date2 = [[October 24]], [[1648]] |established_date3 = 1848 |currency = [[Swiss franc]]|currency_code=CHF |time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 |time_zone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST=+2 |cctld = [[.ch]] |calling_code = 41 |footnotes = }} Slovenia 452 1148 2006-10-14T22:39:33Z Arikasikis 11 {{Infobox Country|  native_name = ''Republika Slovenija'' | conventional_long_name = Republic na Slovenia | common_name = Slovenia | image_flag = Flag of Slovenia.svg | image_coat = Coat of Arms of Slovenia.svg | image_map = SVN_highlighted_map.png | national_motto (unofficial) = Žive naj vsi narodi (Blessing na Dios ed amin ya nasyon)| national_anthem = [[Zdravljica]] | official_languages = [[Slovenian language|Slovenian]], [[Italian language|Italian]]1, [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]]1 | capital = [[Ljubljana]] | latd=46|latm=03|latNS=N|longd=14|longm=30|longEW=E| largest_city = [[Ljubljana]] | government_type = [[Parliamentary system|Parliamentary]] [[republic]] | leader_title1 = [[President of Slovenia|President]] | leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Slovenia|Prime Minister]] | leader_name1 = [[Janez Drnovšek]] | leader_name2 = [[Janez Janša]] | accessionEUdate = [[May 1]], [[2004]] | area_rank = 153rd | area_magnitude = 1_E10 | area=20,273 | areami²= 7,827| percent_water = 0.6% | population_estimate = 2,004,3942 | population_estimate_year = March 2006 | population_estimate_rank = 145th | population_census = 1,964,036 | population_census_year = 2002| population_density = 97 | population_densitymi² = 251| population_density_rank = 101st | GDP_PPP_year=2005 | GDP_PPP = $43.69 billion | GDP_PPP_rank = 81st | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $21,911 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 31st | HDI_year = 2003 | HDI = 0.904 | HDI_rank = 26th | HDI_category = high | sovereignty_type = [[Independence]] | sovereignty_note = From [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]] | established_event1 = Declared | established_event2 = Recognized | established_date1 = [[June 25]], [[1991]] | established_date2 = 1992 | currency = [[Slovenian tolar|Tolar]]3 | currency_code = SIT | time_zone= [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset= +1 | time_zone_DST= [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST= +2 | cctld= [[.si]]4 | calling_code = 386 | ISBN_code = 961, 86 | ISO_3166-1_alpha2 = SI | ISO_3166-1_alpha3 = SVN | ISO_3166-1_numeric = 705 | sport_code = SLO | vehicle_code = SLO | footnotes=1 In the residential municipalities of Italian or Hungarian national community. 2 Source: [http://www.stat.si/novica_prikazi.aspx?id=352 Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia: Population, Slovenia, 31 March 2006] 3 Will be replaced by the [[euro]] (EUR) on 1 January 2007. 4also [[.eu]], shared with other [[European Union]] member states. }} Anlong ed Pangasinan 453 1286 2006-10-18T06:47:56Z 130.54.12.245 == No labay yon idagdag so insulat yon anlong diad bolong ya aya, idagdag yo labat. == * [[Listaan na Saray Anlong nen Manonton Dalan]] Brazil 454 1158 2006-10-15T23:08:33Z Arikasikis 11 {{Infobox Country |native_name = {{lang|pt|''República Federativa do Brasil''}} |conventional_long_name = Federative Republic na Brazil |common_name = Brazil |image_flag = Flag of Brazil.svg |image_coat = Coat of arms of Brazil.svg |symbol_type = coat of arms |image_map = BrazilWorldMap.png |national_motto = {{lang|pt|''Ordem e Progresso''}} ([[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] para "Ayos tan Aligwas") |national_anthem = ''[[Hino Nacional Brasileiro|Brazilian National Anthem]]'' |official_languages = [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] |capital = [[Brasília]] |latd=15 |latm=45 |latNS=S |longd=47 |longm=57 |longEW=W |largest_city = [[São Paulo]] |government_type = [[Federal Republic|Federal republic]] |leader_title1 = [[Pangolo na Brazil|Pangolo]] |leader_name1 = [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]] |leader_title2 = [[Kumadwan Pangolo na Brazil|Kumadwan Pangolo]] |leader_name2 = [[José Alencar Gomes da Silva]] |area_rank = kuma-5 |area_magnitude = 1 E12 |area= 8,514,877 |areami²= 3,287,597  |percent_water = 0.65 |population_estimate = 186,405,000  |population_estimate_rank = kuma-5 |population_estimate_year = 2005 |population_census = 169,799,170 |population_census_year = 2000 |population_density = 22 |population_densitymi² = 57  |population_density_rank = 182nd |GDP_PPP = $1.577 [[trillion]]  |GDP_PPP_rank = 9th  |GDP_PPP_year= 2005 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $8,584  |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = kuma-68 |sovereignty_type = [[Kawayangen]] |sovereignty_note = manlapod [[Portugal]] |established_event1 = Declared |established_event2 = Recognised |established_event3 = Republic |established_date1 = [[September 7]] [[1822]] |established_date2 = [[August 29]] [[1825]] |established_date3 = [[November 15]] [[1889]] |HDI = 0.792 |HDI_rank = kuma-63 |HDI_year = 2003 |HDI_category = medium |currency = [[Brazilian real|Real]] |currency_code = BRL |country_code = |time_zone = |utc_offset = -2 to -5 (Official: -3) |time_zone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |cctld = [[.br]] |calling_code = 55 |footnotes = }} '''Brazil''', o say opisyal ya '''Federative Republic of Brazil''' ({{lang-pt|''Brasil''}} o diad salitan Portuguese {{lang|pt|''República Federativa do Brasil''. Arom ni ran pangibaga:[[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: {{IPA|[ʁe'publikɐ fedeɾa'tivɐ du bɾa'ziw]}}, {{IPA|[he.'pu.bli.kɐ fe.de.ɾa.'tʃi.vɐ du bɾa.'ziw]}}, {{IPA|[ʁe.'pu.bli.kɐ fe.de.ɾa.'ti.vɐ du bɾa.'zil]}}, {{IPA|[hɛ.'pu.bli.kɐ fɛ.dɛ.ɾa.'ti.vɐ du bɾa.'ziw]}}, {{IPA|[ʀe'publɪkä fedeɾä'tʰivɐ dʊ brä'zɪɫ]}} . Nakaukulan ya natalosan ya diad standard [[Brazilian Portuguese]] pronunciantion, sarag to ray variant ran pangibaga na saray phoneme. Say Brazil so sankabalgan tan sankarakelan na too ed [[Abalaten America]]. Wadyad bokig na Brazil so [[Dayat Atlantic]], tan say Brazil aliber na saray dalin na [[Uruguay]], [[Argentina]], [[Paraguay]], [[Bolivia]], [[Peru]], [[Columbia]], [[Venezuela]], [[Guyana]], [[Suriname]] tan French department na [[French Guiana]]. Template:Audio 455 1157 2006-10-15T22:54:47Z Arikasikis 11 <onlyinclude>[[:Media:{{{1|}}}|{{{2|{{{1|}}}}}}]] ([[Wikipedia:Media help|help]]·[[:Image:{{{1|}}}|info]])</onlyinclude> __NOTOC__ == Purpose == This template links to an audio file for quick listening. It is meant to be used inline with text, for pronunciations and the like. == Usage == <code><nowiki>{{Audio|name of sound file|text to use as link to soundfile}}</nowiki></code> Example: :<code><nowiki>'''Bordeaux''' ({{Audio|Fr-Bordeaux.ogg|pronunciation}}) is a [[Seaport|port]] city in...</nowiki></code> gives this: :'''Bordeaux''' ({{Audio|Fr-Bordeaux.ogg|pronunciation}}) is a [[Seaport|port]] city in... == See also == * {{tl|Audio-nohelp}}, a variant of this template with no help links. * {{tl|Audio-IPA}}, a variant of this template to be used with [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] notation. **{{tl|Audio-IPA-nohelp}}, a variant with no help links. * {{tl|Spoken}}, which adds only the small icon with no links. * {{tl|Listen}}, which sets an audio clip off from the main text. [[de:Vorlage:Audio]] [[es:Plantilla:Audio]] [[fa:الگو:صدا]] [[ko:틀:듣기]] [[mk:Шаблон:Аудио]] [[no:Mal:Audio]] [[pl:Szablon:Audio]] [[pt:Predefinição:Áudio]] [[rmy:Format:Shun]] [[th:Template:เสียง]] [[vi:Tiêu bản:Âm thanh]] [[it:Template:Audio]] Philippine Eagle 456 1159 2006-10-16T11:18:20Z 221.134.213.184 t4t4 Metro Manila 457 1177 2006-10-17T02:54:43Z 130.54.12.244 {{translation}} ---- {{Infobox Philippine region | name = Metropolitan Manila | map_file = Ph locator ncr.png | center = [[Manila]] | population = 11,289,368[http://www.census.gov.ph/data/sectordata/poproj09.txt] (2005)| density_km2 = 17,751 | area_km2 = 636 | provinces = — | cities = 14 | municipalities = 3 | barangays = 1694 | districts = 27 | languages = [[Salitan Tagalog|Tagalog]], [[Salitan Cebuano|Cebuano]], [[Salitan Ilokano|Ilokano]], [[Salitan English|English]], [[Salitan Pangasinan|Pangalinan]], arom | }} '''Metropolitan Manila''' ([[Filipino language|Filipino]]: ''Kalakhang Maynila'') or the '''National Capital Region (NCR)''' ([[Filipino language|Filipino]]: ''Pambansang Punong Rehiyon'') is the capital of the [[Philippines]] and among the world's thirty [[List of metropolitan areas by population|most populous metropolitan areas]]. Metro Manila is one of the two defined metropolitan areas in the Philippines, the other being [[Metro Cebu]]. Metro Manila is the [[metropolitan area]] that contains the city of [[Manila]], as well as sixteen surrounding cities and municipalities, including [[Quezon City]], the capital from [[1948]] to [[1976]]. Metro Manila is the political, economic, social, and cultural center of the Philippines, and is one of the more modern metropolises in Southeast Asia. Among locals, particularly those from Manila proper and those in the provinces, Metro Manila is often simply referred to as ''Manila''; however locals from other parts of the metropolis may see this as offensive, owing to city pride and also the fact that some cities are actually geographically closer to the neighboring provinces than to Manila itself. Metro Manila is often abbreviated as ''M.M.''. Metro Manila is the smallest of the country's [[Regions of the Philippines|administrative regions]], but the most populous and the most densely populated, having a population of 9,932,560 (2000 [[census]]) in an area only 636 square kilometers large. It is also the only region without any [[Provinces of the Philippines|provinces]]. The region is bordered by the provinces of [[Bulacan]] to the north, [[Rizal]] to the east, and [[Cavite]] and [[Laguna]] to the south. Metro Manila is also sandwiched by the [[Manila Bay]] to the west and the [[Laguna de Bay]] to the southeast with the [[Pasig River]] running between them, bisecting the region. The term ''Metro Manila'' should not be confused with the [[metro]] rail system of the region, and the word ''metro'' itself always describes the metropolitan area (as in ''the metro''). The railways are called by their abbreviations, such as the LRT and the MRT, also known as Light Rail Transit and Metro Rail Transit, respectively. On paper, [[Manila]] is the designated capital and seat of the Philippine government, but in practice, the seats of government are all around Metro Manila. The executive and administrative seat of government is located in Manila, so is the judiciary. The upper house of the legislature ([[Senate of the Philippines]]) is located in [[Pasay City]], and the lower house ([[House of Representatives of the Philippines]]) in [[Quezon City]]. ==History== Manila was first founded in [[June 24]], [[1571]] by three Spanish [[conquistadors]], led by [[Martín de Goiti]], [[Juan de Salcedo]] and [[Miguel López de Legazpi]]. In 1867, the Spanish Government of the Philippines founded the municipalities and territories south of the District of Morong in Nueva Ecija, north of the Province of Tondo and Imperial Manila, and isolated these from their mother province-Nueva Ecija. The Government created the Province of Manila composed of the Province of Tondo to the south and the isolated territories of Nueva Ecija to the north. The parts of Tondo were Navotas, Malabon, and Caloocan; and the parts of Nueva Ecija were Mariquina, Balintawak, Caloocan, Pasig, San Felipe Neri (presently called Makati), Las Piñas, what had been known as Paranaque, and Muntinlupa were combined to form the Province of Manila. The capital of the Province was [[Intramuros]], then itself called and considered to be Manila, a walled city located along the banks of Pasig River and Manila Bay in the present Manila. [[Image:Intramuros.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Intamuros, The Walled City of Manila, in 1932 before its destruction in 1945.]][[Image:Makati78.jpg|thumb|250px|right|A portion of the Makati Central Business District]] In 1897, while the Imperial City of Manila is being prepared for industrialization, most houses in Tondo were demolished to give way to railroad construction. One of those whose house was demolished was Andres Bonifacio, the founder of the Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalangan, Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (Supreme and Revered Union of the Children of the Nation) or KKK, a secret organization which aimed towards independence and self-governance away from the Spanish government. In 1896, the Cry of Balintawak was initiated, an event which denounces the Spanish authority by tearing their ''cedulas'' or residence tax slips. On December 30, 1896, [[Jose Rizal]], the Philippine National Hero, was executed by the Spanish government in Bagumbayan, an execution site near Intramuros. This event led to the Filipino uprising against Spain. Likewise, The Province of Manila was the 8th and last Province to revolt against Spain paving the establishment of the Federated Philippine Republics (composed of [[Nueva Ecija]], [[Pampanga]], [[Bulacan]], [[Tarlac]], [[Laguna]], [[Batangas]], [[Cavite]] and Manila). The Province remained in existence until 1901, when its territory was subdivided by the Americans. In [[1901]], the Philippine Assembly created the City of Manila composed of the Municipalities of Ermita, [[Intramuros]] or Imperial City of Manila, [[Tondo, Manila|Tondo]], [[Santa Cruz, Manila|Santa Cruz]], [[Sta. Ana, Manila|Sta. Ana]], [[San Nicolas]], [[San Miguel, Manila|San Miguel]], [[Paco, Manila|Paco]], [[Port, Manila|Port Area]], [[Pandacan, Manila|Pandacan]], [[Sampaloc, Manila|Sampaloc]], [[Quiapo, Manila|Quiapo]], [[Binondo, Manila|Binondo]] and others. Some Assemblymen included the municipalities of Caloocan, Marikina, Pasig, Parañaque, Malabon, Navotas, San Juan, Makati, Mandaluyong (San Felipe Neri), Las Piñas, Muntinglupa and Taguig-Pateros to a new province named Rizal. The capital of the province was Pasig. In [[1976]], owing a great respect to the history of Manila, President [[Ferdinand Marcos]] issued Presidential Decree 824, creating the Metropolitan Manila Area. The site of the old province of Manila can no longer be used for agricultural purposes and therefore the term 'province' is not applicable. The decree seceded the 12 municipalities and 2 cities of Rizal, the municipality of Valenzuela in Bulacan, Quezon City and Manila. The Metropolitan Manila Commission is created to administer the emerging metropolis. Marcos appointed his wife [[Imelda Marcos]] as governor of Metro Manila. In [[1986]], after a major government reorganization, President [[Corazon Aquino]] issued Executive Order No. 392 and changed the structure of the Metropolitan Manila Commission and renamed it to Metropolitan Manila Authority. Metro Manila Mayors chose from themselves as chair of the agency. In [[1995]], through Republic Act 7924, Metro Manila Authority was reorganized and became the [[Metropolitan Manila Development Authority]]. The chair of the agency is appointed by the President and should not have a concurrent elected position such as mayor. ==Cities and municipalities== Metro Manila is composed of fourteen [[Cities of the Philippines|cities]] and three [[Philippine municipality|municipalities]]. Each is governed by a mayor who belongs to the Metro Manila Mayor's League, which is part of the [[Metropolitan Manila Development Authority]] (MMDA). [[image:Metro manila map.png|right|thumb|240px|Map of Metro Manila showing the cities and municipalities.]] {| class="wikitable" |- !colspan="2" | City !Population'''¹''' !Area ([[square kilometre|km²]]) !Pop. density (per km²) |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_ncr_caloocan.png|20px]] |[[Caloocan City]] |1,177,604 |53.33 |22,081 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_ncr_laspinas.png|20px]] |[[Las Piñas City]] |528,011 |41.54 |12,710 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_ncr_makati.png|20px]] |[[Makati City]] |444,867 |27.36 |16,260 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_ncr_malabon.png|20px]] |[[Malabon City]] |338,855 |15.76 |21,501 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_ncr_mandaluyong.png|20px]] |[[Mandaluyong City]] |278,474 |11.26 |24,731 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_ncr_manila.png|20px]] |[[Manila]] |1,581,082 |38.55 |41,014 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_ncr_marikina.png|20px]] |[[Marikina City]] |391,170 |33.97 |11,515 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_ncr_muntinlupa.png|20px]] |[[Muntinlupa City]] |379,310 |46.70 |8,122 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_ncr_paranaque.png|20px]] |[[Parañaque City]] |449,811 |47.69 |9,432 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_ncr_pasay.png|20px]] |[[Pasay City]] |354,908 |19.00 |18,679 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_ncr_pasig.png|20px]] |[[Pasig City]] |505,058 |31.00 |16,292 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_ncr_quezoncity.png|20px]] |[[Quezon City]] |2,173,831 |161.12 |13,492 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_ncr_taguig.png|20px]] |[[Taguig City]] |467,375 |47.88 |9,761 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_ncr_valenzuela.png|20px]] |[[Valenzuela City]] |485,433 |44.58 |10,889 |- !colspan="2" | Municipality !Population'''¹''' !Area ([[square kilometre|km²]]) !Pop. density (per km²) |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_ncr_navotas.png|20px]] |[[Navotas]] |230,403 |10.77 |21,393 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_ncr_pateros.png|20px]] |[[Pateros, Metro Manila|Pateros]] |57,407 |2.10 |27,337 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_ncr_sanjuan.png|20px]] |[[San Juan, Metro Manila|San Juan]] |117,680 |5.94 |19,811 |} '''¹''' 2000 Census Unlike other regions which are divided into [[Provinces of the Philippines|provinces]], Metro Manila or the National Capital Region (NCR) is divided into four nonfunctioning districts, which are grouped according to geographical basis in reference to the [[Pasig River]]. These districts were created in 1976 but have no local government and no congressional representation, in contrast to that of the provinces. These districts are used mostly for fiscal and statistical purposes. The cities and municipalities within the NCR are grouped into the four districts as follows: *'''1st District:''' City of [[Manila]] *'''2nd District:''' [[Mandaluyong City]], [[Marikina City]], [[Pasig City]], [[Quezon City]], [[San Juan, Metro Manila|San Juan]] *'''3rd District:''' [[Caloocan City]], [[Malabon City]], [[Navotas]], [[Valenzuela City]] *'''4th District:''' [[Las Piñas City]], [[Makati City]], [[Muntinlupa City]], [[Parañaque City]], [[Pasay City]], [[Pateros, Metro Manila|Pateros]], [[Taguig City]] ==Economy== [[Image:Rockwellcenter87.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Rockwell Center in Makati]] [[Image:Ortigas_full_moon.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Ortigas Center in Mandaluyong, Pasig and Quezon City Boundary]] ===Business districts=== [[Makati City]] is widely acknowledged as the financial capital of the country where one can find the Makati Central Business District (CBD). Interesting landmarks in Makati's Central Business District include [[Ayala Center]], composed of [[Glorietta]] and [[Greenbelt]], [[Ayala Museum]], and [[Yuchengco Museum]]. Also in Makati is Rockwell Center. Most multi-national company offices and embassies in the Philippines are situated in Makati. Also posing as a competitor for a vibrant business center are Bonifacio Global City in Taguig, Eastwood City in Quezon City, Ortigas Center in Pasig City, Manila Bay City Reclamation Area in the cities of Pasay, Parañaque and Las Piñas, and Alabang Estates and Madrigal Business Park in Muntinlupa. ===Shopping centers=== Metro Manila currently has a large number of malls in the [[Philippines]], and the largest of these is the [[SM Mall of Asia]] in the Pasay City reclamation area. Before the Mall of Asia was completed, the largest was [[SM Megamall]] in Ortigas Center. Other shopping centers in Ortigas Center include Robinson's Galleria, Shangri-la Plaza, and The Podium. Recently opened in Pasig is a new development called Frontera Verde, which currently hosts Tiendesitas, a tiangge-style shopping center. Soon to rise are a new SM development as well as several other malls. In the Central Business District of Makati, the [[Ayala Center]] hosts other malls, including Glorietta and the upscale Greenbelt shopping districts. Also in Makati is the Rockwell Center. These places are frequented by members of Metro Manila's upper classes. Taguig City has a mall named ''Market-Market!'', which is strategically located in a transportation hub within [[Fort Bonifacio]] Global City. In the City of Manila, the largest malls include SM City Manila and Robinson's Place-Ermita. Cubao is [[Quezon City]]'s Central Commercial Area that hosts 5 malls that includes the ultra-modern Gateway Mall. Other malls include various SM chains in the metropolis. Aside from Cubao, there is also Eastwood City, located along Libis. Metro Manila has a lot of markets, locally called ''palengke''. One of these are the Central Market, located in Quiapo district of Manila, and Divisoria Market, also in Manila. Cloverleaf Market in Balintawak, Quezon City supplies most of Metro Manila's fruit and vegetable products. Navotas Port Market supplies most of Metro Manila's fish products. Other smaller markets include the markets of Cubao Farmers, Nepa-Q Mart, Muñoz, Balingasa, Galas, Santa Mesa, Novaliches Talipapa, Baclaran, Pasay Libertad, and Pasay Cartimar, the latter also being one of the finest pet markets in the Philippines. Midway between a mall and a market are the Philippine-only ''tiangge''s, or airconditioned markets selling goods such as clothes, shoes, accessories, computer parts, mobile phones, CDs, VCDs, MP3s, iPods, and DVDs. Among these can be found in [[Greenhills Shopping Center]] in the municipality of San Juan and St. Francis Square in Mandaluyong City. ===Wealth extremes=== [[Image:Malateskylinemanilabay.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Manila Bay]] [[Image:HPIM2166.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Greenbelt Park, at the heart of Makati CBD, where al fresco cafés and restaurants are situated]] Metro Manila is a place of economic extremes. Most of the wealthy and upper-middle class in the country reside within [[gated communities]] in places such as [[Forbes Park]], [[Dasmariñas Village]], [[Bel-Air Village]], and Urdaneta Village in Makati, [[Loyola Heights]], La Vista Subdivision, Corinthian Gardens, Greenmeadows, Capitol Hills District, [[Ayala Heights]], Filinvest 1 and 2, Baranggay South Triangle, Baranggay West Triangle, New Manila, Blue Ridge, St. Ignatius Village, and [[White Plains]] of [[Quezon City]], Valle Verde Village of Pasig City, Greenhills in San Juan, and Ayala Alabang in [[Muntinlupa City]]. Other wealthy families opt to live urban lifestyles and instead own large apartments and condominium units such as those in the Rockwell Center in Makati and the Fort Bonifacio Global City in Taguig. That the area is populated by many of the wealthiest people in the country has also driven up the real estate value of the properties in these areas such that they are unmatched anywhere else. However, practically side-by-side with the residences of Metro Manila's elite are slums and squattered areas, most of which are in the outskirts of the aforementioned gated communities, as well as areas left behind by the rapid development of the rest of Metro Manila, such as Tondo and Sampaloc in Manila, Guadalupe in Makati, some parts of Marikina, Caloocan, and Valenzuela, and most parts of Navotas. Highway roadsides are often crowded with corrugated-steel-roofed huts and straw markets by which livelihood is obtained, in a stark contrast to the gated subdivisions present in Metro Manila. Less than 10% of the population actually live in the aformentioned neighborhoods, while the rest live in non-gated (normal) neighborhoods in regular houses, apartments, tenements and shacks. Metro Manila is also characterized by a very large middle class group scattered throughout the metropolis. The middle-class group in Metro Manila enjoys much more spending power, access to education, and far better living qualities than the quite numerous poverty-stricken people that migrate to Metro Manila from the provinces. ==Recreation== [[Image:Pic_rizalpark.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Rizal Monument at Rizal Park]] [[Image:Manila - Intramuros.jpg|250px|thumb|right|A Colonial House in Intramuros]] [[Image:Manila - Manila Bay.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Manila Bay Sunset]] Located west of Metro Manila, [[Rizal Park]] is the reference point for all kilometer points in the island of [[Luzon]] and the Philippines. Rizal Park features the statue of the Philippine National Hero [[Jose Rizal]], as well as several Philippine flags, a gigantic relief map of the Philippines, scenic Chinese gardens, and the several government offices, such as the Department of Tourism. On the seaside front of Rizal Park are numerous seafood restaurants specializing in Filipino and Asian cuisine. The National Museum of the Filipino People can be also found here. It is a complex of two Greco-Roman buildings which house ancient relics, native mummies, natural treasures and factual galleries about the Philippines and other countries. The museum also boasts a vast collection of artworks and masterpieces crafted by Filipinos which were commended by the [[Louvre]] Museum per se. Similarly, part of the museum complex is the first planetarium in Southeast Asia. Also located here is the [[Quirino Grandstand]], which apart from the regular ''miting de avance'' (Spanish: political gatherings), is also a popular rendezvous of various religious groups, such as [[El Shaddai]] and other popular American-based Protestant movements, such as [[Benny Hinn]] International Ministries. Near the Rizal Park is a 400-year-old Imperial City known as Intramuros, a walled domain which was once the seat of government during the Spanish Colonial Era and Mid-American Periods. Among the attractions are the Fort Santiago, a timeworn Spanish military fortress which was also the cell for the national hero, Jose Rizal in [[1896]]; Casa Manila, a Spanish colonial villa which is converted into a house gallery; Manila Cathedral, the official seat of the Archbishop of Manila; San Agustin Church, the oldest existing church/building in the Philippines that survived the wars and earthquakes of Manila since [[1587]]; Intramuros Golf Club, a prime golf course outside the walls; and the Clam Shell Tent, an exhibition center of the Department of Tourism. Horse-carriages and tourist buses are also some of the attractions. The rest also includes a walk above the walls surrounding Intramuros, government offices, universities and colonial houses. Fort Bonifacio, or FB, is the location of military detachments, cemeteries, International schools, and world-class dining and shopping facilities. Other local recreation areas include the Nayong Pilipino (Philippine Village) in Parañague City, Quezon City Memorial Circle and Ninoy Aquino Wildlife Center, both located in Diliman district of Quezon City, the posh Greenbelt Center, located in Makati City, the Cultural Center of the Philippines Complex and Bay City, both located in Pasay City. Meanwhile, the Paco Park, Arroceros Botanical Garden, Manila Zoo, Plaza Rajah Sulayman, Plaza Miranda, new Rizal Avenue Bargain Walkway, the all-steel Gothic Church of San Sebastian, the bars and night clubs of Ermita and Malate districts and the famous Roxas Boulevard Bay Walk which offers a fine view of the legendary Manila Bay sunset and hip-dining of Asian, Western and Filipino cuisine, are all located in Manila. ==Transportation== {{seealso|Transportation in the Philippines}} ===Roadways=== {{main|Major roads in Metro Manila}} [[Image:Nlew8.jpg|450px|thumb|right|The [[North Luzon Expressway]], one of the major roads out of Metro Manila]] The metropolis has an extensive system of highways connecting the various cities and municipalities. The major roads include ten radial roads, which branch out from central [[Manila]] and five circumferential roads which form a series of concentric semi-circular arcs around downtown Manila. Most of these roads are very important transportation arteries. One is the C-4 (Circumferential Road 4), also called [[EDSA|Epifanio de los Santos Avenue]] or more popularly as EDSA. It is the major thoroughfare in Metro Manila connecting five cities in Metro Manila, namely Pasay, Makati, Mandaluyong, Quezon City, and Caloocan. Some other important roads are R-1 (Radial Road 1) ([[Roxas Boulevard]] and [[Manila-Cavite Expressway]]) connecting to [[Cavite]] province in the southwest; R-3 or the [[South Luzon Expressway]] (SLEX) connecting to [[Laguna province]] in the southeast; R-6 (Aurora Boulevard and Marcos Highway) connecting to [[Rizal]] province in the east; and R-8 or the [[North Luzon Expressway]] (NLEX) connecting to [[Bulacan]] province in the north. One of its newest roads, the [[Diosdado Macapagal Boulevard]], running on the [[Land reclamation|reclamation area]] parallel to R-1, is one of the destinations of Manila's elite. Metro Manila is notorious for its traffic jams. A trip that should take 20 minutes will last an hour or more especially during rush hour. Consequently, the [[Metro Manila Development Authority]] (see section below) has constructed many projects to decongest traffic. [[Image:Edsa4.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Evening rush hour in [[EDSA]] with the MRT in the middle]] Such projects of the MMDA for motorists are the construction of [[flyover]]s (elevated roads), [[Road junction|interchanges]], ''loading bays'' for Public Utility Vehicles (PUVs), ''emergency bays'', and ''U-Turn slots'' over various intersections and thoroughfares, and the completion of the comprehensive railway system (see below). It has also been engaged in road widening with the support of the Department of Public Works and Highways. MMDA has also utilized projects for the pedestrians such as the installation of footbridges, waiting sheds, and men's urinals to various roads in the metropolis. The agency has also implemented various schemes for motorists such as the Uniform Vehicular Volume Reduction Scheme (UVRRS), more popularly known as "color coding", where vehicles whose plate numbers end in different digits are banned from traveling on different days, the Yellow Lane scheme, where yellow-plated PUBs (Public Utility Buses) will only use the two outermost lanes in EDSA, and the Organized Bus Route (OBR) for Metro Manila. ===Railways=== [[Image:megatren.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Almost all of the rail lines in Metro Manila are elevated such as this LRT 2 (Purple Line) Train passing along its tracks.]] {{main|Manila Light Rail Transit System|Manila Metro Rail Transit System|Philippine National Railways}} [[As of 2005]], there are two different [[rapid transit]] systems in Metro Manila: the [[Manila Light Rail Transit System]], or the LRT, and the [[Manila Metro Rail Transit System]], or the MRT. The [[Manila LRT Yellow Line|Yellow Line]] (LRT-1) and the [[Manila LRT Purple Line|Purple Line]] (MRT-2) form the LRT network, while the Blue Line (MRT-3) forms the MRT network, with [[List of Strong Republic Transit System stations#List of LRT stations|29 stations]] on the LRT and [[List of Strong Republic Transit System stations#List of MRT stations|13 stations]] on the MRT . Four more lines are [[Manila Light Rail Transit System#Future expansion|proposed]] and would connect Metro Manila to the provinces of [[Bulacan]], [[Cavite]], [[Laguna province|Laguna]] and [[Rizal]] upon their completion. [[Philippine National Railways]] also operates two main-line railway lines within Metro Manila, all part of the once-flourshing Luzon railway system. The northern line, known as Northrail and connecting [[Manila]] to [[Caloocan City]], is currently closed. Line extensions are proposed to [[Valenzuela City]] and further on to Bulacan and [[Pampanga]]. The trans-Metro Manila portion of the still-open southern line, known as Southrail, commences at Tutuban station in [[Tondo, Manila]], passes through the cities of Manila, [[Makati City|Makati]], [[Taguig City|Taguig]], [[Parañaque City|Parañaque]] and [[Las Piñas City|Las Piñas]], and ends in Barangay Buli, [[Muntinlupa City]], before entering the province of Laguna. ===Airports=== The country's main airport is the [[Ninoy Aquino International Airport]] (NAIA) which straddles the boundary between [[Parañaque City]] and [[Pasay City]]. It presently consists of two terminals, while a third one will open soon. There is also a separate domestic terminal. There are two main runways and the hangar of [[Philippine Airlines]] is located near the [[Villamor Air Base]]. [[Image:Naia3.jpg|250px|thumb|right|NAIA Terminal 3]] There are four airport terminals in Metro Manila, all of which are located in Parañaque City, 9 kilometers south of the City of Manila. *'''NAIA-1''': NAIA-1 is the original terminal and was constructed in 1981. The 67,000 square meter terminal was designed by Filipino architect Leandro V. Locsin and has a design capacity of 4.5 million passengers per year. It currently serves all non-Philippine Airlines international flights. The terminal has reached capacity in 1991 and has been over capacity ever since. *'''NAIA-2''': NAIA-2 terminal was finished in 1998 and is named the Centennial Terminal since 1998 was the centennial year of the declaration of Philippine independence. The 75,000 square meter terminal was originally designed by Aéroports de Paris to be a domestic terminal, but the design was later modified to accommodate international flights. It has a capacity of 2.5 million passengers per year in its international wing and 5 million in its domestic wing, which later will expand to nine million passengers yearly. Terminal 2 is the home of Philippine Airlines and Air Philippines and is used for both its domestic and international flights since it has the most flights out of the NAIA terminals. *'''NAIA-3''': NAIA-3 was approved for construction in 1997 and is nearly complete. The modern US$500 million, 189,000 square meter facility was designed by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill (SOM) to have a capacity of 13 million passengers per year. However, a legal dispute between the government of the Philippines and the project's main contractor, PIATCO, over alleged anomalies in the Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) contract, is holding completion and opening of the terminal. On December 2004, the Philippine Government took over the management of the facility through an order of the Pasay City Regional Trial Court (RTC). Manila International Airport Authority is due to announce its opening in the mid-2006. *'''Domestic Airport''': The Domestic Airport was built on 1948 on the old Airport Road. It currently handles all domestic air traffic, excluding Philippine Airlines and Air Philippines. Currently, the terminal is composed of two single-story buildings and serves the domestic flights of other local carriers, which are Cebu Pacific, Asian Spirit, Southeast Asian Airlines (Seair), Laoag International Airlines and Interisland Airlines. ==Demographics== [[Image:Ci_mla_cathedral.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Manila Cathedral.]] As of the [[census]] of 2000, there were 9,932,560 people and 2,132,989 households residing in Metro Manila. With a population density of 15,617/km², it is by far the most densely populated region of the Philippines. For the period 1995 to 2000, the annual population growth rate was 1.06 percent, lower than that of the 1990 to 1995 period (3.30 percent). If the current annual population growth rate of the metropolitan area continues, the population is expected to double in 65 years. The most common language spoken in households is [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]] (94.34%). [[English language|English]] is widely understood. The large majority of the population of Metro Manila is [[Roman Catholic]] (89.10%). Other religions include [[Iglesia ni Cristo]] (2.89%), [[Evangelicalism]] (1.64%), and Islam (0.60%).<ref name="2000census">[http://www.census.gov.ph/data/pressrelease/2003/pr0312tx.html National Capital Region: Close to 10 million persons], National Statistics Office.</ref> ==Education== Metro Manila is home to several noteworthy Philippine higher educational institutions such as [[Adamson University]], [[Arellano University]], [[Ateneo de Manila University]], [[Assumption College]], [[Centro Escolar University]], the [[Colegio de San Juan de Letran]], [[De La Salle Philippines|De La Salle University]] {[[De La Salle-Araneta University|Araneta]], [[De La Salle-College of Saint Benilde|College of Saint Benilde]], and [[De La Salle University-Manila|Manila]] [[Far Eastern University]], [[FEATI University]], [[Lyceum of the Philippines University]], [[Mapua Institute of Technology]], [[Miriam College]], the [[Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila]], [[Philippine Normal University]], [[Philippine Women's University]], [[Polytechnic University of the Philippines]], [[San Beda College]], the [[University of Asia and the Pacific]], the [[University of the East]], [[Saint Pedro Poveda College]], [[University of Manila]], the [[University of the Philippines]] {both the [[University of the Philippines, Diliman|Diliman]] and [[University of the Philippines, Manila|Manila]] campuses}, and the [[University of Santo Tomas]]. Metro Manila is also home to numerous public and private basic education institutions, science high schools, and international schools. Every year, thousands of students from the various countries of Asia, such as China, Japan, Korea, Iran and Vietnam, and even from Europe go to the Philippines to study. ==Police and security== [[Image:Wbphillipines.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Riot police block anti-Arroyo protesters near the Philippine Congress]] Police structure in the Philippines is centralized and its command center is located in Camp Rafael Crame in Santolan, Quezon City. Metro Manila is divided into 5 police districts namely Central (Quezon City), Western (City of Manila), Eastern (Mandaluyong, Pasig, San Juan), Northern (Caloocan, Malabon, Navotas, Valenzuela) and Southern (Makati, Muntinlupa, Las Piñas, Parañaque, Taguig and Pateros). The Armed Forces of the Philippines' command headquarters is located in Camp Emilio Aguinaldo in Murphy, Quezon City. Metro Manila is the National Capital Region Command created by President [[Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo]] to defend the metropolis from insurgents and terrorist groups. Philippine Army headquarters is located in Fort Bonifacio in Taguig City. Philippine Air Force headquarters is located in Villamor Airbase in Pasay City. Philippine Navy headquarters was once located in Roxas Boulevard in Manila until its transfer by President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo to [[Zamboanga City]]. ==Public utilities== ===Electricity=== Metro Manila's electricity is generated by the state-owned National Power Corporation (Napocor) and other independent power producers across the island of [[Luzon]]. It is transmitted by the state-owned National Transmission Corporation (TransCo) through high tension wires. It is stored and distributed by the [[Manila Electric Company]] (Meralco), the only company allowed to distribute electricity to the metropolis. ===Water=== Metro Manila's tap water is sourced from the Angat Dam in [[Norzagaray]], [[Bulacan]]. It is stored in the Novaliches Reservoir and filtered in the La Mesa Dam, both in northeast Quezon City. Metro Manila's water distribution and sewerage system used to be managed by the Metropolitan Water and Sewerage System (MWSS), a state-owned company. In 1997, MWSS awarded concessionare licenses to two private corporations. Metro Manila was sliced into two distribution areas. * '''Maynilad Water Services Inc. (MWSI)'''. It is currently majority-owned by the MWSS, which took it over from Benpres Holdings Company, which also controls MERALCO. It operates in western Quezon City, southern Caloocan City, Manila (excludes Downtown), Valenzuela City, Malabon City, Navotas, Pasay City, Parañaque City, Las Piñas City, and western Muntinlupa City. MWSS is currently bidding out its shares in MWSI and expects to conclude the bidding before the end of the year. * '''Manila Water Company (MWC)'''. It is owned by the Ayala Corporation, which also controls Globe Telecoms. It operates in eastern Quezon City, northern Caloocan City, downtown Manila, Marikina City, Pasig City, Taguig City, Pateros, Makati City, Mandaluyong City, San Juan, and eastern Muntinlupa City. ===Communications=== Since 1925, the [[Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company]] ([[PLDT]]) was the Philippines' only phone carrier. With the passage of the National Telecommunications Act of 1995, the Philippine [[National Telecommunications Commission]] (NTC) granted licenses to new and independent companies to install new phones across the Philippines. The NTC granted 3 new licenses for Metro Manila. * '''[[Bayan Telecommunications|Bayantel]]/ Benpres''' - Northern Metro Manila (Quezon City, northern Caloocan City, Malabon City, Navotas, Valenzuela City, Marikina City, northeastern Manila, and the Ortigas Center in Pasig City) * '''[[Globe Telecom|Globelines/ Innove]]''' - Southern Metro Manila (Makati City, Mandaluyong City, Muntinlupa City, Pasay City, Las Piñas City, Parañaque City, Taguig City, Pateros, San Juan, and Pasig City excluding the Ortigas Center) * '''[[Eastern Telecoms]]''' - Western Metro Manila (Southern Caloocan City and Manila, excluding the northeast part) ==Metropolitan Manila Development Authority== The [[Metropolitan Manila Development Authority]] (MMDA) is the administrative body in charge of the metropolis' development, and solving perennial problems such as traffic management, flood control, garbage disposal and sewage maintenace. It closely coordinates with various other organizations such as the Pasig River Rehabilitation Commission (PRRC) and the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH), as well as the local government units of the component cities and municipalities. Its agency's head is appointed by the president, which is now presided by Chairman [[Bayani Fernando]]. It is a member of [[Asian Network of Major Cities 21]]. ==See also== * [[Seals of Metro Manila]] * [[Mega Manila]] * [[Metro Cebu]] * [[List of shopping malls in the Philippines]] ==References== <div class="references-small"> <references/> </div> ==External links== * [http://www.yellowasp.com/makatimap/ Makati Map]: An interactive flash map of Makati, street-finder and key locations. * [http://www.kabeet.com Kabeet.com]: An online directory, map atlas and search portal for Metro Manila. * [http://www.clickthecity.com ClickTheCity.com]: An entertainment guide and directory for Metro Manila. * [http://www.mmda.gov.ph Metro Manila Development Authority] * [http://www.bfhomes.net/metro_manila_map.htm Metro Manila Street Map] [[Category:Metro Manila| ]] [[Category:Metropolitan areas of the Philippines|Manila]] [[Category:Regions of the Philippines]] [[br:Metro Manila]] [[de:Metro Manila]] [[es:Metro Manila]] [[ia:Metro Manila]] [[ilo:Metro Manila]] [[id:Metro Manila]] [[lv:Manila]] [[nl:National Capital Region]] [[ja:メトロ・マニラ]] [[pam:Metro Manila]] [[fi:Metro Manila]] [[sv:Metro Manila]] [[tl:Kalakhang Maynila]] Template:Infobox Philippine region 458 1180 2006-10-17T03:01:57Z 130.54.12.244 <div style="float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width: auto; text-align: center; font-size: 90%; line-height: 1.4em;">  <div style="border: 1px solid #ccd2d9; width: 10em; background: #f9f9f9; text-align: left; padding: 0.5em 1em 0.5em 1em; text-align: center;"> {| style="background: transparent; text-align: left; table-layout: auto; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; font-size: 100%;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" {| class="infobox" style="width: 19em; text-align: left; font-size: 110%;" |+ style="font-size: larger;" | '''{{{name}}}''' |-{{!}}- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[Image:{{{map_file}}}|200px|center|Map of the Philippines showing the location of {{{name}}}]] |- ! style="white-space: nowrap;" | Regional center | {{{center}}} |- ! Bilang na too | {{{population}}} |- ! – Density | {{{density_km2}}} per km² |- ! Awang | {{{area_km2}}} km² |- ! colspan="2" | Divisions |- ! – [[Provinces of the Philippines|Saray Luyag]] | {{{provinces}}} |- ! – [[Cities of the Philippines|Saray Siyudad]] | {{{cities}}} |- ! – [[Municipalities of the Philippines|Saray Baley]] | {{{municipalities}}} |- ! – Saray [[Barangay]] | {{{barangays}}} |- ! style="white-space: nowrap;" | – [[House of Representatives of the Philippines|Saray Distrito na Congress]] | {{{districts}}} |- ! Saray salita | {{{languages}}} |} </div> </div> Template:Translation 459 1185 2006-10-17T03:16:20Z 130.54.12.244 '''Pitranslate pa ya ed Pangasinan. Sarag yon dagdagan o bawasan. Salamat.''' ---- Template:Main 460 1179 2006-10-17T03:00:13Z 130.54.12.244 :<div class="noprint">''Main article{{#if:{{{2|}}}|s}}: [[{{{1}}}|{{{l1|{{{1}}}}}}]]{{#if:{{{2| }}} |{{#if:{{{3|}}}|, | and }}[[{{{2}}}|{{{l2|{{{2}}}}}}]]}}{{#if:{{{3|}}} |{{#if:{{{4|}}}|, |, and }}[[{{{3}}}|{{{l3|{{{3}}}}}}]]}}{{#if:{{{4|}}} |{{#if:{{{5|}}}|, |, and }}[[{{{4}}}|{{{l4|{{{4}}}}}}]]}}{{#if:{{{5|}}} |, and [[{{{5}}}|{{{l5|{{{5}}}}}}]]}}''{{#if:{{{6| }}}| (too many parameters in {{[[Template:main|main]]}})}}</div><noinclude> == Usage == To link to a "main article" on a topic, use {{main|The other article}}. == See also == *{{tl|Catmore}} For categories * {{tl|Details}} * {{tl|Further}} * <s>{{tl|See}}</s> (deprecated - use {{tl|Further}}) * {{tl|See also}} [[Category:Section templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:List templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:Templates using ParserFunctions|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[bn:Template:মূল নিবন্ধ]] [[ca:Plantilla:Principal]] [[de:Vorlage:Hauptartikel]] [[eo:Ŝablono:Ĉefa]] [[fr:Modèle:Détails]] [[pl:Szablon:Main]] [[es:Plantilla:AP]] [[fi:Malline:Pääartikkeli]] [[gl:Template:Ver artigo principal]] [[he:תבנית:הפניה לערך מורחב]] [[hr:Predložak:Main]] [[id:Templat:Main]] [[it:Template:Vedi anche]] [[ko:틀:본문]] [[mg:Template:Antsipirihany]] [[nl:Sjabloon:Zieook]] [[pt:Predefinição:Principal]] [[ro:Format:Articol principal]] [[ru:Шаблон:Main]] [[simple:Template:Main]] [[sk:Šablóna:Hlavný článok]] [[sl:Predloga:Glavno]] [[sq:Stampa:Kryesor]] [[sr:Шаблон:Посебан чланак]] [[sv:Mall:Huvudartikel]] [[ta:வார்ப்புரு:Main]] [[tl:Template:Main]] [[vi:Tiêu bản:Chính]] [[zh:Template:Main]] </noinclude> Pegley na Luzon 461 1182 2006-10-17T03:06:26Z 130.54.12.244 {{translation}} {{Infobox Philippine region | name = Region III CENTRAL LUZON | map_file = Ph_locator_region_3.png | center = [[San Fernando City, Pampanga|City of San Fernando]], [[Pampanga]] | population = 8,204,742 | density_km2 = 382.1 | area_km2 = 21,470.30 | provinces = 7 | cities = 12 | municipalities = 118 | barangays = 3,102 | districts = 20 | languages = [[Kapampangan language|Kapampangan]], [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]], [[Ilokano language|Ilokano]], , [[Sambal language|Sambal]], others | }} '''Central Luzon''' [[Regions of the Philippines|region]] contains the largest [[plain]] of the [[Philippines]] and produces most of the country's [[rice]] supply. That is why it is called the Rice Bowl of the Philippines. Its provinces are: [[Aurora (province)|Aurora]], [[Bataan]], [[Bulacan]], [[Nueva Ecija]], [[Pampanga]], [[Tarlac]], and [[Zambales]]. There are twelve [[Cities of the Philippines|cities]] which include: [[Balanga City|Balanga]] from Bataan; [[Cabanatuan City|Cabanatuan]], [[Gapan City|Gapan]], [[Science City of Muñoz|Muñoz]], [[Palayan City|Palayan]] and [[San Jose City, Nueva Ecija|San Jose]] from Nueva Ecija; [[Olongapo City|Olongapo]] from Zambales; [[Angeles City|Angeles]] and [[San Fernando City, Pampanga|San Fernando]] from Pampanga; [[San Jose del Monte City|San Jose del Monte]] and [[Malolos City|Malolos]] from Bulacan; and [[Tarlac City|Tarlac]] from Tarlac. The [[San Fernando City, Pampanga|City of San Fernando]], in Pampanga, is the regional center. Aurora was transferred from Region IV by [[Executive Order, Philippines|Executive Order]] No. 103. ==Political Divisions== {| class="wikitable" |- bgcolor=#cccccc ! colspan=2 | [[Provinces of the Philippines|Province]]/[[Cities of the Philippines|City]] !! Capital !! Population ([[2000]]) !! Area ([[square kilometre|km²]]) !! Pop. density (per km²) |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_aurora.png|20px]] |[[Aurora (province)|Aurora]] |[[Baler, Aurora|Baler]] |173,797 |3,239.5 |53.6 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_bataan.png|20px]] |[[Bataan]] |[[Balanga City]] |557,659 |1,202.7 |463.67 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_bulacan.png|20px]] |[[Bulacan]] |[[Malolos City]] |2,234,088 |2,625.0 |851.1 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_nueva ecija.png|20px]] |[[Nueva Ecija]] |[[Palayan City]] |1,659,883 |5,284.3 |314.1 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_of_pampanga.PNG|20px]] |[[Pampanga]] |[[San Fernando City, Pampanga|City of San Fernando]] |1,882,730 |2,118.74 |888.6 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_tarlac.png|20px]] |[[Tarlac]] |[[Tarlac City]] |1,068,783 |3,053.4 |350.0 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_zambales.png|20px]] |[[Zambales]] |[[Iba, Zambales|Iba]] |433,538 |3,714.4 |116.7 |- ! style="background: gray" | ! style="background: gray" | ! style="background: gray" | ! style="background: gray" | ! style="background: gray" | ! style="background: gray" | |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_pampanga_angeles city.jpg|20px]] |[[Angeles City]] |— |263,971 |62.16 |4,246.6 |- |''n.a.'' |[[Olongapo City]] |— |194,260 |170.30 |1141 |} '''¹''' [[Angeles City]] and [[Olongapo City]] are highly urbanized cities; figures are excluded from [[Pampanga Province|Pampanga]] and [[Zambales Province|Zambales]] respectively. ===Cities=== *[[Balanga City]], [[Bataan]] *[[Cabanatuan City]], [[Nueva Ecija]] *[[Gapan City]], [[Nueva Ecija]] *[[Malolos City]], [[Bulacan]] *[[Science City of Muñoz]], [[Nueva Ecija]] *[[Palayan City]], [[Nueva Ecija]] *[[San Fernando City, Pampanga|City of San Fernando]], [[Pampanga]] *[[San Jose City, Nueva Ecija|San Jose City]], [[Nueva Ecija]] *[[San Jose del Monte City]], [[Bulacan]] *[[Tarlac City]], [[Tarlac]] {{Luzon lateral}}{{Philippine regions}} [[Category:Regions of the Philippines]] [[es:Luzón Central]] [[id:Central Luzon]] [[ilo:Tengnga a Luzon]] [[ja:中部ルソン地方]] [[no:Central Luzon]] [[nl:Central Luzon]] [[pam:Kalibudtarang Luzon]] [[tl:Gitnang Luzon]] [[de:Central Luzon]] Template:Philippine regions 462 1226 2006-10-17T21:37:49Z Arikasikis 11 <div style="text-align: center; clear:both; margin: 1.5em 0em"> {| class="toccolours" style="margin: auto; line-height: 1.5; text-align: left;" |- | style="background:#ccccff; font-size: larger;" align="center" | '''[[Saray Region na Filipinas|Saray Region]] na [[Filipinas]]''' |- |style="padding:0px 5px" | [[Sagor na Baybay na Luzon|I]] | [[Valley na Cagayan|II]] | [[Pegley na Luzon|III]] | [[CALABARZON|IV-A]] | [[MIMARO|IV-B]] | [[Bicol Region|V]] | [[Sagor na Visayas|VI]] | [[Pegley na Visayas|VII]] | [[Bokig na Visayas|VIII]] | [[Zamboanga Peninsula|IX]] | [[Baybay na Mindanao|X]] | [[Davao Region|XI]] | [[SOCCSKSARGEN|XII]] | [[Caraga|XIII]] | [[Metro Manila|NCR]] | [[Cordillera Administrative Region|CAR]] | [[Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao|ARMM]] |} </div> Baybay-Sagor na Luzon 463 1189 2006-10-17T03:22:58Z 130.54.12.244 {{translation}} {{Infobox Philippine region | name = Region I | map_file = Ph_locator_region_1.png | center = [[San Fernando City, La Union|San Fernando City]], [[La Union province|La Union]] | population = 4,200,478 | density_km2 = 327 | area_km2 = 12,840 | provinces = 4 | cities = 9 | municipalities = 116 | barangays = 3,265 | districts = 12 | languages = [[Ilokano language|Ilokano]], [[Pangasinan language|Pangasinan]], [[Bolinao language|Bolinao]]| }} '''Baybay-sagor na Luzon Region (Northwestern Luzon Region)''' or '''Region 1''' of the [[Philippines]] is located in the northwestern part of [[Luzon]]. It is bounded by [[Cordillera Administrative Region]] and [[Cagayan Valley]] to the east, [[Central Luzon]] to the south and by the [[South China Sea]] to the west. The region is composed of four [[Provinces of the Philippines|provinces]], namely: [[Ilocos Norte]], [[Ilocos Sur]], [[La Union]] and [[Pangasinan]]. Its regional center is [[San Fernando City, La Union|San Fernando City]], La Union. The region is occupied 70% by Ilocanos and 28% by Pangasinenses. Although the Philippine government designated Region 1 as the Ilocos Region, many people find the designated name of the region as ethno-centric. Many people find the name '''Northwestern Region''', which is geographically deduced, as the more appropriate term. ==People and culture== The Ilocos provinces of Region 1 is the historical homeland of the Ilocanos. The Ilocanos have the following percentage of the population inside the bracket in each province: Pangasinan (43%), La Union (92%), Ilocos Norte (97%), and Ilocos Sur (93%). Pangasinan is the historical homeland of the [[Pangasinense|Pangasinenses]]. The population of Pangasinan composed around 60% of the whole population of the region. The Pangasinenses presently constitute around 50% of the population of the province. The province was not originally part of the Region 1. It was only during the time of President Marcos, when Pangasinan was included in the province. Minority groups include the [[Tingguian]] and [[Isneg]] communities that inhabit the foothills of the Cordillera mountains. The population is predominantly [[Roman Catholic]] with strong adherents of [[Protestantism]] such as the [[Aglipayan]] denomination further north of the country. There is also an undercurrent of traditional animistic beliefs especially in rural areas. The small mercantile [[China|Chinese]] and [[India]]n communities are primarily [[Buddhist]]s and [[Hindu]]s respectively ==Economy== Although the economy in the southern portion of the region, esp. [[Pangasinan]], is anchored in agro-industial and service industry, the economy in the northern portion of the region is anchored in the agricultural sector. The economy in Pangasinan is driven by agro-industrial businesses, such as milkfish (bangus) cultivation and processing, livestock raising, fish paste processing (bagoong), and others. At the same time the importance of trading, financial services, and educational services in the economy cannot be denied. Income in the northern portion mostly come from cultivating rice, tobacco, corn, sugarcane, and fruits; raising livestock such as pigs, chicken, goats, and carabaos (water buffalos). The distribution of the economic activity in the region may be seen from the collection of tax revenue of the national government. According to the data from the [http://www.nscb.gov.ph/ru1/|National Statistical Coordination Board], the bulk of the collections come from Pangasinan, which posted 61% of the total. The service and light manufacturing industries are concentrated in the cities. [[Dagupan City]] is mostly driven by its local entrepreneurs, which have started to expand its network up to the national level. San Fernando City in La Union also has an active shipping port and Laoag City in Ilocos Norte has a growing international airport. The government is one of the largest employers along with multinational corporations like Coca-Cola. The tourism industry focuses on the coastal beaches and on eco-tourism. There are fine sands stretching along Bauang, La Union and the rest of the region. Opportunities to engage in other water sports and activities abound. Eco-tourism takes advantage of the marine and forest resources in the region and displays the natural beauty of the Ilocos. The region is also rich in crafts, with renowned blanket-weaving and pottery. Their ''burnay'' pottery is well known for its dark colored clay. ==Political Division== Region 1 is composed of 4 [[Provinces of the Philippines|provinces]] and a total of 9 [[Cities of the Philippines|cities]]. {| class="wikitable" |- bgcolor=#cccccc ! colspan=2 | [[Provinces of the Philippines|Province]] !! Capital !! Population ([[2000]]) !! Area ([[square kilometre|km²]]) !! Pop. density (per km²) |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_ilocos_norte.png|20px]] |[[Ilocos Norte]] |[[Laoag City]] |514,241 |3,399.3 |151.3 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_ilocos_sur.png|20px]] |[[Ilocos Sur]] |[[Vigan City]] |594,206 |2,579.6 |230.3 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_la_union.png|20px]] |[[La Union]] |[[San Fernando City, La Union|San Fernando City]] |657,945 |1,493.1 |440.7 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_pangasinan.png|20px]] |[[Pangasinan]] |[[Lingayen, Pangasinan|Lingayen]] |2,434,086 |5,368.2 |453.4 |} ====Component Cities==== *[[Alaminos City]], [[Pangasinan]] *[[Candon City]], [[Ilocos Sur]] *[[Dagupan City ]], [[Pangasinan]] *[[Laoag City]], [[Ilocos Norte]] *[[Urdaneta City]], [[Pangasinan]] *[[San Carlos City]], [[Pangasinan]] *[[San Fernando City, La Union|San Fernando City]], [[La Union]] *[[Vigan City]], [[Ilocos Sur]] ===Physical=== Region 1 occupies the narrow plain between the [[Cordillera Central, Luzon|Cordillera Central]] mountain range and the [[South China Sea]]. It also occupies the northern portion of the Central Luzon plain, to the northeast of the [[Zambales Mountains]]. [[Lingayen Gulf]] is the most notable body of water in the region and it contains a number of islands, including the [[Hundred Islands National Park]]. To the north of the region is [[Luzon Strait]]. The [[Agno]] [[river]] runs through [[Pangasinan]] and empties into Lingayen Gulf. The river flow into a broad delta in the vicinity of [[Lingayen, Pangasinan|Lingayen]] and [[Dagupan City]]. ==Tourist Attractions== '''Hundred Islands National Park.''' Located in the [[Lingayen Gulf]] in [[Pangasinan]], the watery park is dotted by 123 small, pristine islands. Three islands have been developed for tourists. '''Vigan colonial houses.''' [[Vigan City]] is famous for its cobblestone streets and Spanish-style houses, an architectural remnant of its colonial past. The Mestizo District displays mansions typical of the era. They were owned by prominent Ilocano-Chinese merchant families of that time, hence [[mestizo]] or "mixed race." '''Ancient churches.''' The region is dotted by old Catholic churches built by natives for the Spanish. Famous churches can be found in Vigan City, once the seat of the Bishop of Nueva Segovia, and in Manaoag, Pangasinan. ==History== Region 1 was first inhabited by the aboriginal Negritos before they were pushed by successive waves of Malay immigrants that penetrated the narrow coast. Tingguians in the interior, Ilocanos in the north, and Pangasinense in the south settled the region. The Spanish arrived in the 16th century and established Christian missions and governmental institutions to control the native population and convert them to the Roman Catholic church. Present-day Vigan City in Ilocos Sur province became the bishopric seat of Nueva Segovia. Proud Ilocanos in the northern parts were less easily swayed, however, and remained an area filled with deep resentments against Spain. These resentments bubbled to the surface at various points in the region's history as insurrections. According to Nick Joaquin in his book Culture and History, the Pangasinenses were the last to be stand against the Spaniards. The most notable of the rebellions were that of [[Andres Malong]] and [[Palaris]] of Pangasinan,[[Diego Silang]] and his wife [[Gabriela Silang]] in 1764, and the Basi Revolt in the 19th century. In 1901, the region went under American colonial rule, and in 1941, under Japanese occupation. Several modern presidents of the Republic of the Philippines hailed from the Region: [[Elpidio Quirino]], [[Ferdinand Marcos]], and [[Fidel Ramos]]. Before the [[Cordillera Administrative Region]] was formed, Region 1 also included the provinces of [[Abra (province)|Abra]], [[Mountain Province]], and [[Benguet]]. {{Luzon lateral}}{{Philippine regions}} [[Category:Regions of the Philippines]] [[ceb:Rehiyon sa Ilokos]] [[de:Ilocos Region]] [[es:Región de Ilocos]] [[fr:Région d'Ilocos]] [[id:Ilocos Region]] [[ilo:Rehion ti Ilocos]] [[ja:イロコス地方]] [[nl:Ilocos Region]] [[no:Ilocos Region]] [[tl:Ilocos]] Sagor na Baybay na Luzon 464 1225 2006-10-17T21:37:19Z Arikasikis 11 {{translation}} {{Infobox Philippine region | name = Region I | map_file = Ph_locator_region_1.png | center = [[San Fernando City, La Union|San Fernando City]], [[La Union province|La Union]] | population = 4,200,478 | density_km2 = 327 | area_km2 = 12,840 | provinces = 4 | cities = 9 | municipalities = 116 | barangays = 3,265 | districts = 12 | languages = [[Salitan Pangasinan|Pangasinan]], [[Salitan Iloko|Ilokano]], [[Salitan Bolinao|Bolinao]], [[Salitan English|English]]| }} '''Sagor na Baybay na Luzon Region (Northwestern Luzon Region)''' or '''Region 1''' of the [[Philippines]] is located in the northwestern part of [[Luzon]]. It is bounded by [[Cordillera Administrative Region]] and [[Cagayan Valley]] to the east, [[Central Luzon]] to the south and by the [[South China Sea]] to the west. The region is composed of four [[Provinces of the Philippines|provinces]], namely: [[Ilocos Norte]], [[Ilocos Sur]], [[La Union]] and [[Pangasinan]]. Its regional center is [[San Fernando City, La Union|San Fernando City]], La Union. The region is occupied 70% by Ilocanos and 28% by Pangasinenses. Although the Philippine government designated Region 1 as the Ilocos Region, many people find the designated name of the region as ethno-centric. Many people find the name '''Northwestern Region''', which is geographically deduced, as the more appropriate term. ==People and culture== The Ilocos provinces of Region 1 is the historical homeland of the Ilocanos. The Ilocanos have the following percentage of the population inside the bracket in each province: Pangasinan (43%), La Union (92%), Ilocos Norte (97%), and Ilocos Sur (93%). Pangasinan is the historical homeland of the [[Pangasinense|Pangasinenses]]. The population of Pangasinan composed around 60% of the whole population of the region. The Pangasinenses presently constitute around 50% of the population of the province. The province was not originally part of the Region 1. It was only during the time of President Marcos, when Pangasinan was included in the province. Minority groups include the [[Tingguian]] and [[Isneg]] communities that inhabit the foothills of the Cordillera mountains. The population is predominantly [[Roman Catholic]] with strong adherents of [[Protestantism]] such as the [[Aglipayan]] denomination further north of the country. There is also an undercurrent of traditional animistic beliefs especially in rural areas. The small mercantile [[China|Chinese]] and [[India]]n communities are primarily [[Buddhist]]s and [[Hindu]]s respectively ==Economy== Although the economy in the southern portion of the region, esp. [[Pangasinan]], is anchored in agro-industial and service industry, the economy in the northern portion of the region is anchored in the agricultural sector. The economy in Pangasinan is driven by agro-industrial businesses, such as milkfish (bangus) cultivation and processing, livestock raising, fish paste processing (bagoong), and others. At the same time the importance of trading, financial services, and educational services in the economy cannot be denied. Income in the northern portion mostly come from cultivating rice, tobacco, corn, sugarcane, and fruits; raising livestock such as pigs, chicken, goats, and carabaos (water buffalos). The distribution of the economic activity in the region may be seen from the collection of tax revenue of the national government. According to the data from the [http://www.nscb.gov.ph/ru1/|National Statistical Coordination Board], the bulk of the collections come from Pangasinan, which posted 61% of the total. The service and light manufacturing industries are concentrated in the cities. [[Dagupan City]] is mostly driven by its local entrepreneurs, which have started to expand its network up to the national level. San Fernando City in La Union also has an active shipping port and Laoag City in Ilocos Norte has a growing international airport. The government is one of the largest employers along with multinational corporations like Coca-Cola. The tourism industry focuses on the coastal beaches and on eco-tourism. There are fine sands stretching along Bauang, La Union and the rest of the region. Opportunities to engage in other water sports and activities abound. Eco-tourism takes advantage of the marine and forest resources in the region and displays the natural beauty of the Ilocos. The region is also rich in crafts, with renowned blanket-weaving and pottery. Their ''burnay'' pottery is well known for its dark colored clay. ==Political Division== Region 1 is composed of 4 [[Provinces of the Philippines|provinces]] and a total of 9 [[Cities of the Philippines|cities]]. {| class="wikitable" |- bgcolor=#cccccc ! colspan=2 | [[Provinces of the Philippines|Province]] !! Capital !! Population ([[2000]]) !! Area ([[square kilometre|km²]]) !! Pop. density (per km²) |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_ilocos_norte.png|20px]] |[[Ilocos Norte]] |[[Laoag City]] |514,241 |3,399.3 |151.3 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_ilocos_sur.png|20px]] |[[Ilocos Sur]] |[[Vigan City]] |594,206 |2,579.6 |230.3 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_la_union.png|20px]] |[[La Union]] |[[San Fernando City, La Union|San Fernando City]] |657,945 |1,493.1 |440.7 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_pangasinan.png|20px]] |[[Pangasinan]] |[[Lingayen, Pangasinan|Lingayen]] |2,434,086 |5,368.2 |453.4 |} ====Component Cities==== *[[Alaminos City]], [[Pangasinan]] *[[Candon City]], [[Ilocos Sur]] *[[Dagupan City ]], [[Pangasinan]] *[[Laoag City]], [[Ilocos Norte]] *[[Urdaneta City]], [[Pangasinan]] *[[San Carlos City]], [[Pangasinan]] *[[San Fernando City, La Union|San Fernando City]], [[La Union]] *[[Vigan City]], [[Ilocos Sur]] ===Physical=== Region 1 occupies the narrow plain between the [[Cordillera Central, Luzon|Cordillera Central]] mountain range and the [[South China Sea]]. It also occupies the northern portion of the Central Luzon plain, to the northeast of the [[Zambales Mountains]]. [[Lingayen Gulf]] is the most notable body of water in the region and it contains a number of islands, including the [[Hundred Islands National Park]]. To the north of the region is [[Luzon Strait]]. The [[Agno]] [[river]] runs through [[Pangasinan]] and empties into Lingayen Gulf. The river flow into a broad delta in the vicinity of [[Lingayen, Pangasinan|Lingayen]] and [[Dagupan City]]. ==Tourist Attractions== '''Hundred Islands National Park.''' Located in the [[Lingayen Gulf]] in [[Pangasinan]], the watery park is dotted by 123 small, pristine islands. Three islands have been developed for tourists. '''Vigan colonial houses.''' [[Vigan City]] is famous for its cobblestone streets and Spanish-style houses, an architectural remnant of its colonial past. The Mestizo District displays mansions typical of the era. They were owned by prominent Ilocano-Chinese merchant families of that time, hence [[mestizo]] or "mixed race." '''Ancient churches.''' The region is dotted by old Catholic churches built by natives for the Spanish. Famous churches can be found in Vigan City, once the seat of the Bishop of Nueva Segovia, and in Manaoag, Pangasinan. ==History== Region 1 was first inhabited by the aboriginal Negritos before they were pushed by successive waves of Malay immigrants that penetrated the narrow coast. Tingguians in the interior, Ilocanos in the north, and Pangasinense in the south settled the region. The Spanish arrived in the 16th century and established Christian missions and governmental institutions to control the native population and convert them to the Roman Catholic church. Present-day Vigan City in Ilocos Sur province became the bishopric seat of Nueva Segovia. Proud Ilocanos in the northern parts were less easily swayed, however, and remained an area filled with deep resentments against Spain. These resentments bubbled to the surface at various points in the region's history as insurrections. According to Nick Joaquin in his book Culture and History, the Pangasinenses were the last to be stand against the Spaniards. The most notable of the rebellions were that of [[Andres Malong]] and [[Palaris]] of Pangasinan,[[Diego Silang]] and his wife [[Gabriela Silang]] in 1764, and the Basi Revolt in the 19th century. In 1901, the region went under American colonial rule, and in 1941, under Japanese occupation. Several modern presidents of the Republic of the Philippines hailed from the Region: [[Elpidio Quirino]], [[Ferdinand Marcos]], and [[Fidel Ramos]]. Before the [[Cordillera Administrative Region]] was formed, Region 1 also included the provinces of [[Abra (province)|Abra]], [[Mountain Province]], and [[Benguet]]. {{Luzon lateral}}{{Philippine regions}} [[Category:Regions of the Philippines]] [[ceb:Rehiyon sa Ilokos]] [[de:Ilocos Region]] [[es:Región de Ilocos]] [[fr:Région d'Ilocos]] [[id:Ilocos Region]] [[ilo:Rehion ti Ilocos]] [[ja:イロコス地方]] [[nl:Ilocos Region]] [[no:Ilocos Region]] [[tl:Ilocos]] CALABARZON 465 1196 2006-10-17T03:29:56Z 130.54.12.244 {{Infobox Philippine region | name = Region IV-A CALABARZON | map_file = Ph_locator_region_4a.png | center = [[Calamba City]], [[Laguna Province|Laguna]] | population = 9,320,629 | density_km2 = 574.3 | area_km2 = 16,228.6 | provinces = 5 | cities = 11 | municipalities = 131 | barangays = 4,012 | districts = 19 | languages = [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]]| }} '''CALABARZON''' is one of the [[Regions of the Philippines|regions]] of the [[Philippines]]. It is also designated as '''Region IV-A''' and its regional capital is [[Calamba City]] in [[Laguna (province)|Laguna]]. The region is composed of five [[Provinces of the Philippines|provinces]], namely: [[Cavite]], [[Laguna]], [[Batangas]], [[Rizal]], and [[Quezon]]. The region's name is an [[acronym]] of the names of these provinces. The region is located in southwestern [[Luzon]], just south and west of [[Metro Manila]] and is the second most densely populated region. CALABARZON and [[MIMAROPA]] were previously combined together as [[Southern Tagalog]], until they were separated in [[2002]]. Executive Order No. 246, dated [[October 28]], [[2003]], designated [[Calamba City]] as the regional center of CALABARZON. ==Political Divisions== {| class="wikitable" |- bgcolor=#cccccc ! colspan=2 | [[Provinces of the Philippines|Province]] !! Capital !! Population ([[2000]]) !! Area ([[square kilometre|km²]]) !! Pop. density (per km²) |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_batangas.png|20px]] |[[Batangas]] |[[Batangas City]] |1,905,348 |3,165.8 |601.8 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_cavite.png|20px]] |[[Cavite]] |[[Trece Martires City]] |2,063,161 |1,287.6 |1,602.3 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_laguna.png|20px]] |[[Laguna (province)|Laguna]] |[[Santa Cruz, Laguna|Santa Cruz]] |1,965,872 |1,759.7 |1,117.2 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_quezon.png|20px]] |[[Quezon]] |[[Lucena City]] |1,463,030 |8,706.6 |171.7 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_rizal.png|20px]] |[[Rizal Province|Rizal]] |[[Antipolo City]] |1,707,143 |1,308.9 |1,304.3 |- ! style="background: gray" | ! style="background: gray" | ! style="background: gray" | ! style="background: gray" | ! style="background: gray" | ! style="background: gray" | |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_quezon_lucena.png|20px]] |[[Lucena City]]'''¹''' |— |196,075 |56.3 |2,483 |} '''¹''' [[Lucena City]] is a highly urbanized city; figures are excluded from [[Quezon Province]]. ===Component Cities=== *[[Antipolo City]], [[Rizal Province|Rizal]] *[[Batangas City]], [[Batangas]] *[[Calamba City]], [[Laguna Province|Laguna]] *[[Cavite City]], [[Cavite]] *[[Lipa City]], [[Batangas]] *[[San Pablo City]], [[Laguna Province|Laguna]] *[[Santa Rosa City]], [[Laguna Province|Laguna]] *[[Tagaytay City]], [[Cavite]] *[[Tanauan City]], [[Batangas]] *[[Trece Martires City]], [[Cavite]] {{Luzon lateral}}{{Philippine regions}} {{philippines-geo-stub}} [[Category:Regions of the Philippines]] [[de:CALABARZON]] [[es:Calabarzón]] [[fr:Calabarzón]] [[ilo:CALABARZON]] [[ja:カラバルソン地方]] [[sv:CALABARZON]] [[tl:CALABARZON]] Template:Luzon lateral 466 1209 2006-10-17T03:59:27Z 130.54.12.243 {| class="toccolours" align="center" width="94%" style="text-align:center; font-size:87%; clear:both" ! width="80px" | [[Image:Flag of the Philippines.svg|80px]] ! style="background-color: #bce" | [[Filipinas]] !rowspan=2 width="50px" | [[Image:Coat of arms of Philippines.png|50px]] |- ! style="background-color: #bce" | Kabesera | '''[[Manila]]''' | [[Metro Manila|National Capital Region]] |- ! style="background-color: #bce" | [[Luyag ed Filipinas|Saray Luyag]] |colspan=2 style="background-color: #eee"| [[Abra (province)|Abra]] | [[Agusan ed Baybay]] | [[Agusan ed Abalaten]] | [[Aklan]] | [[Albay]] | [[Antique (province)|Antique]] | [[Apayao]] | [[Aurora (province)|Aurora]] | [[Basilan]] | [[Bataan]] | [[Batanes]] | [[Batangas]] | [[Benguet]] | [[Biliran]] | [[Bohol]] | [[Bukidnon]] | [[Bulacan]] | [[Cagayan]] | [[Camarines ed Baybay]] | [[Camarines Sur]] | [[Camiguin]] | [[Capiz]] | [[Catanduanes]] | [[Cavite]] | [[Cebu]] | [[Valley diad Compostela]] | [[Cotabato]] | [[Davao ed Baybay]] | [[Davao ed Abalaten]] | [[Davao ed Bokig]] | [[Bokig na Samar]] | [[Guimaras]] | [[Ifugao]] | [[Ilocos ed Baybay]] | [[Ilocos ed Abalaten]] | [[Iloilo]] | [[Isabela (province)|Isabela]] | [[Kalinga]] | [[La Union]] | [[Laguna (province)|Laguna]] | [[Lanao ed Baybay]] | [[Lanao ed Abalaten]] | [[Leyte]] | [[Maguindanao]] | [[Marinduque]] | [[Masbate]] | [[Misamis ed Sagor]] | [[Misamis Oriental]] | [[Luyag na Palandey]] | [[Negros ed Sagor]] | [[Negros ed Bokig]] | [[Baybay na Samar]] | [[Balon Ecija]] | [[Balon Vizcaya]] | [[Mindoro ed Baybay]] | [[Mindoro ed Bokid]] | [[Palawan]] | [[Pampanga]] | [[Pangasinan]] | [[Quezon]] | [[Quirino]] | [[Rizal]] | [[Romblon]] | [[Samar]] | [[Sarangani]] | [[Siquijor]] | [[Sorsogon]] | [[Cotabato ed Abalaten]] | [[Abalaten na Leyte]] | [[Sultan Kudarat]] | [[Sulu]] | [[Surigao ed Baybay]] | [[Surigao ed Abalaten]] | [[Tarlac]] | [[Tawi-Tawi]] | [[Zambales]] | [[Zamboanga ed Baybay]] | [[Zamboanga ed Abalaten]] | [[Zamboanga Sibugay]] |- !style="background-color: #bce" | [[Administrative divisions of the Philippines|Political divisions]] |colspan=2| [[Regions of the Philippines|Regions]] | [[Cities of the Philippines|Cities]] | [[Municipalities of the Philippines|Municipalities]] | [[Barangay]]s  |- !2 style="background-color: #bce" | Territorial disputes |colspan=2 style="background-color: #eee"| [[Sabah]] | [[Scarborough Shoal]] | [[Spratly Islands]] |} Valley na Cagayan 467 1204 2006-10-17T03:48:25Z 130.54.12.243 {{translation}} {{Infobox Philippine region | name = Region II CAGAYAN VALLEY | map_file = Ph_locator_region_2.png | center = [[Tuguegarao City]] | population = 2,813,159 | density_km2 = 104.8 | area_km2 = 26,837.0 | provinces = 5 | cities = 3 | municipalities = 90 | barangays = 2,311 | districts = 10 | languages = [[Ilokano language|Ilokano]], [[Ibanag language|Ibanag]], [[Ivatan language|Ivatan]], [[Itawis language|Itawis]], [[Gaddang language|Gaddang]], others | }} '''Cagayan Valley''' ('''''Lambak ng Cagayan''''' in [[Filipino language|Filipino]]) is a [[Regions of the Philippines|region]] of the [[Philippines]], also designated as '''Region II''' or ''Region 02''. It is composed of five [[Provinces of the Philippines|provinces]], namely: [[Batanes Province|Batanes]], [[Cagayan Province|Cagayan]], [[Isabela Province|Isabela]], [[Nueva Vizcaya]], and [[Quirino Province|Quirino]]. Its regional center is [[Tuguegarao City]]. Most of the region lies in a large valley in northeastern [[Luzon]], between the [[Cordillera Central, Luzon|Cordilleras]] and the [[Sierra Madre (Philippines)|Sierra Madre]] mountain ranges. [[Cagayan River]], the country's longest [[river]] runs through its center and flows out to [[Luzon Strait]] in the north, in the town of [[Aparri, Cagayan]]. The Babuyan and Batanes island groups that lie in the Luzon Strait also belong to the region. ==Political Divisions== {| class="wikitable" |- bgcolor=#cccccc ! colspan=2 | [[Provinces of the Philippines|Province]]/[[Cities of the Philippines|City]] !! Capital !! Population ([[2000]]) !! Area ([[square kilometre|km²]]) !! Pop. density (per km²) |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_batanes.png|20px]] |[[Batanes]] |[[Basco, Batanes|Basco]] |16,467 |209.3 |78.7 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_cagayan.png|20px]] |[[Cagayan Province|Cagayan]] |[[Tuguegarao City]] |993,580 |9,002.0 |110.4 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_isabela.png|20px]] |[[Isabela Province|Isabela]] |[[Ilagan, Isabela|Ilagan]] |1,287,575 |10,664.6 |120.7 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_nueva vizcaya.png|20px]] |[[Nueva Vizcaya]] |[[Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya|Bayombong]] |366,962 |3,903.9 |94.0 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_quirino.png|20px]] |[[Quirino]] |[[Cabarroguis, Quirino|Cabarroguis]] |148,575 |3,057.2 |48.6 |} ===Component Cities=== *[[Cauayan City]], [[Isabela Province|Isabela]] *[[Santiago City]]'''¹''', [[Isabela Province|Isabela]] *[[Tuguegarao City]], [[Cagayan Province|Cagayan]] '''¹''' [[Santiago City]] is an independent component city. {{Luzon lateral}}{{Philippine regions}} [[Category:Regions of the Philippines]] [[de:Cagayan Valley]] [[es:Valle del Cagayán (Luzón)]] [[fr:Vallée de Cagayan]] [[ilo:Tanap ti Cagayan]] [[id:Lembah Cagayan]] [[nl:Cagayan Valley]] [[ja:カガヤン・バレー地方]] [[no:Cagayan Valley]] [[tl:Lambak ng Cagayan]] MIMARO 468 1205 2006-10-17T03:50:19Z 130.54.12.243 {{translation}} {{Infobox Philippine region | name = Region IV-B MIMARO | map_file = Ph_locator_region_4b.png | center = [[Calapan City]], [[Oriental Mindoro]] | population = 1,543,817 | density_km2 = 122.9 | area_km2 = 12,559.8 | provinces = 4 | cities = 1 | municipalities = 48 | barangays = 1,025 | districts = 5 | languages = [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]], [[Romblomanon language|Romblomanon]], [[Asi language|Asi]], [[Onhan language|Onhan]], and languages spoken by [[Mangyan]]s | }} '''MIMARO''', also known as '''Region IV-B''', is a [[Regions of the Philippines|region]] of the [[Philippines]] located in [[Luzon]]. The name is an [[acronym]] that stands for its [[Provinces of the Philippines|provinces]], which are: [[Occidental Mindoro]], [[Oriental Mindoro]], [[Marinduque]], and [[Romblon]]. There is only one [[Cities of the Philippines|city]] in the entire region: [[Calapan City]] in [[Oriental Mindoro]]. ==History== Executive Order No. 103, dated May 17, 2002, divided Region IV (Southern Tagalog) into MIMAROPA and [[CALABARZON|Region IV-A (CALABARZON)]]. Executive Order No. 429, dated May 23, 2005, transferred [[Palawan]] to [[Western Visayas|Region VI]] Administrative Order No. 129 was issued on [[August 19]], 2005, to "resolve" the negative backlash and as part of the supervison of the transfer process of Palawan from '''MIMAROPA''' to '''[[Western Visayas]]'''. ==Political Divisions== {| class="wikitable" |- bgcolor=#cccccc ! colspan=2 | [[Provinces of the Philippines|Province]] !! Capital !! Population ([[2000]]) !! Area ([[square kilometre|km²]]) !! Pop. density (per km²) |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_marinduque.png|20px]] |[[Marinduque]] |[[Boac, Marinduque|Boac]] |217,392 |959.3 |226.6 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_occidental mindoro.png|20px]] |[[Occidental Mindoro]] |[[Mamburao, Occidental Mindoro|Mamburao]] |380,250 |5,879.9 |64.7 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_oriental mindoro.png|20px]] |[[Oriental Mindoro]] |[[Calapan City]] |681,818 |4,364.7 |156.2 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_romblon.png|20px]] |[[Romblon]] |[[Romblon, Romblon|Romblon]] |264,357 |1,355.9 |195.0 |} ===Component City=== *[[Calapan City]], [[Oriental Mindoro]] ==Languages== [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]] is spoken in the province of Marinduque as well as the northeastern and southerwestern coasts of Mindoro. In the interior of Mindoro, various languages are spoken by [[Mangyan]]s. They are [[Iraya language|Iraya]], [[Alangan language|Alangan]], [[Tawbuid language|Tawbuid]], [[Hanunoo language|Hanunoo]], [[Tadyawan language|Tadyawan]], [[Buhid language|Buhid]], and [[Ratagnon language|Ratagnon]]. The later is a Visayan language with less than three speakers. In Romblon, there are three main languages: [[Romblomanon language|Romblomanon]], [[Asi language|Asi]], and [[Onhan language|Onhan]]. These languages belong to the [[Visayan languages|Visayan]] language family. {{Luzon lateral}}{{Philippine regions}} [[Category:Regions of the Philippines]] [[de:MIMARO]] [[es:MIMARO]] [[ilo:MIMARO]] [[nl:MIMARO]] [[ja:ミマロパ地方]] [[sv:MIMARO]] [[tl:MIMARO]] Bicol Region 469 1206 2006-10-17T03:51:34Z 130.54.12.243 {{translation}} {{Infobox Philippine region | name = Region V BICOL REGION | map_file = Ph_locator_region_5.png | center = [[Legazpi City]], [[Albay]] | population = 4,674,855 | density_km2 = 265.1 | area_km2 = 17,632.5| provinces = 6 | cities = 7 | municipalities = 107 | barangays = 3,471 | districts = 14 | languages = [[Bikol languages|Bikol]], [[Masbatenyo language|Masbatenyo]], [[Sorsoganon language|Sorsoganon]], [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]]| }} '''Bicol Region''' or '''Bicolandia''' is one of the 16 [[Regions of the Philippines|regions]] of the [[Philippines]] occupying the [[Bicol Peninsula]] at the southeastern end of [[Luzon]] island and some other islands. It consists of six [[Provinces of the Philippines|provinces]], namely, [[Albay]], [[Camarines Norte]], [[Camarines Sur]], [[Catanduanes]], [[Masbate]], and [[Sorsogon]]. It has one independent chartered [[Cities of the Philippines|city]], [[Naga City]], and six component [[Cities of the Philippines|cities]], [[Iriga City]], [[Legazpi City]], [[Ligao City]], [[Masbate City]], [[Sorsogon City]], and [[Tabaco City]]. The inhabitants speak one of the [[Bikol language| Bikol]] languages, [[Masbatenyo language|Masbatenyo]], or a Warayan language, and the commercial/financial centers and transportation hubs are [[Legazpi City]], the Regional Center and the Gateway City to Bicolandia, and [[Naga City]], The Heart of Bicol and The Home of Our Lady of Peñafrancia. The Bicol region is often seen as the epicenter of the [[counterculture]] and [[liberal politics]] in the Philippines. As many of its inhabitants seem to oppose many [[right-wing]] governments and ideology in which they blame for [[political corruption|corruption]]. The region has a political reputation of being the most liberal region in the highly conservative Archipelago. It is also a stronghold for the [[National Democratic Front]]. ==Political Divisions== Bicol is composed of six [[Provinces of the Philippines|provinces]] and 7 [[Cities of the Philippines|cities]]. {| class="wikitable" |- bgcolor=#cccccc ! colspan=2 | [[Provinces of the Philippines|Province]] !! Capital !! Population ([[2000]]) !! Area ([[square kilometre|km²]]) !! Pop. density (per km²) |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_albay.png|20px]] |[[Albay]] |[[Legazpi City]] |1,090,907 |2,552.6 |427.4 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_camarines_norte.png|20px]] |[[Camarines Norte]] |[[Daet, Camarines Norte|Daet]] |458,840 |2,112.5 |217.2 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_camarines_sur.png |20px]] |[[Camarines Sur]] |[[Pili, Camarines Sur|Pili]] |1,551,549 |5,266.8 |294.6 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_catanduanes.png|20px]] |[[Catanduanes]] |[[Virac, Catanduanes|Virac]] |215,356 |1,511.5 |142.5 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_masbate.png|20px]] |[[Masbate]] |[[Masbate City]] |707,668 |4,047.7 |174.8 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_sorsogon.png|20px]] |[[Sorsogon]] |[[Sorsogon City]] |650,535 |2,141.4 |303.8 |} ===Component Cities=== *[[Legazpi City]], [[Albay]] *[[Ligao City]], [[Albay]] *[[Tabaco City]], [[Albay]] *[[Iriga City]], [[Camarines Sur]] *[[Naga City]]'''¹''', [[Camarines Sur]] *[[Masbate City]], [[Masbate]] *[[Sorsogon City]], [[Sorsogon]] ==Languages== The [[Bikol languages]] are the dominant languages of the region. [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]] is also spoken in most of Camarines Norte as well as in the municipality of [[Del Gallego, Camarines Sur]]. Two [[Visayan languages]], [[Sorsoganon language|Sorsoganon]] and [[Masbatenyo language|Masbatenyo]], are spoken in Masbate and Sorsogon; they are collectively referred to as [[Bisakol language|Bisakol]]. '''¹''' [[Naga City]] is an indepedent component city. {{Luzon lateral}}{{Philippine regions}} [[Category:Regions of the Philippines]] [[de:Bicol Region]] [[ilo:Rehion ti Bicol]] [[ja:ビコル地方]] [[nl:Bicol Region]] [[tl:Bicol]] Cordillera Administrative Region 470 1208 2006-10-17T03:57:39Z 130.54.12.243 {{translation}} {{Infobox Philippine region | name = Cordillera Administrative Region | map_file = Ph_locator_car.png | center = [[Baguio City]] | population = 1,365,220 | density_km2 = 75 | area_km2 = 18,294 | provinces = 6 | cities = 1 | municipalities = 76 | barangays = 1176 | districts = 7 | languages = [[Ilokano language|Ilokano]], [[Kalinga language|Kalinga]], [[Kankanaey language|Kankanaey]], [[Ifugao language|Ifugao]], [[Itneg language|Itneg]], [[Isneg language|Isneg]], [[Pangasinan language|Pangasinense]], others | }} The '''Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR)''' of the [[Philippines]] is a [[Landlocked country|land-locked]] region consists of the [[Provinces of the Philippines|provinces]] of [[Abra (Philippines)|Abra]], [[Benguet]], [[Ifugao]], [[Kalinga Province|Kalinga]], [[Mountain Province]] and [[Apayao Province|Apayao]]. [[Baguio City]] is the regional center. The Cordillera region encompasses most of the areas within the [[Cordillera Central, Luzon|Cordillera Central]] mountain range of Luzon, the largest range in the country. This region is home to numerous [[indigenous people|indigenous tribes]] collectively called the [[Igorot]]. The Cordillera Administrative Region is the only landlocked region in the country. ==Economy== Cordillera has abundant mineral reserves. These include metallic ores such as gold, copper, silver, zinc, and non-metallic minerals like sand, gravel and sulfur. Mineral reserves are found in all the provinces. However, mining is concentrated in Benguet. ==Geography== ===Political Divisions=== CAR is subdivided into 6 [[Provinces of the Philippines|provinces]] and [[Baguio City]]. {| class="wikitable" |- bgcolor=#cccccc ! colspan=2 | [[Provinces of the Philippines|Province]]/[[Cities of the Philippines|City]] !! Capital !! Population ([[2000]]) !! Area ([[square kilometre|km²]]) !! Pop. density (per km²) |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_abra.png|20px]] |[[Abra (province)|Abra]] |[[Bangued, Abra|Bangued]] |209,491 |3,975.6 |52.7 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_apayao.png|20px]] |[[Apayao]] |[[Kabugao, Apayao|Kabugao]] |97,129 |3,927.9 |24.7 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_benguet.png|20px]] |[[Benguet]] |[[La Trinidad, Benguet|La Trinidad]] |330,129 |2,599.4 |127.0 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_ifugao.png|20px]] |[[Ifugao]] |[[Lagawe, Ifugao|Lagawe]] |161,623 |2,517.8 |64.2 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_kalinga.png|20px]] |[[Kalinga]] |[[Tabuk, Kalinga|Tabuk]] |174,023 |3,119.7 |55.8 |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_mountain_province.png|20px]] |[[Mountain Province]] |[[Bontoc, Mountain Province|Bontoc]] |140,439 |2,097.3 |67.0 |- ! style="background: gray" | ! style="background: gray" | ! style="background: gray" | ! style="background: gray" | ! style="background: gray" | ! style="background: gray" | |- |[[Image:Ph_seal_baguio.png|20px]] |[[Baguio City]] |— |252,386 |57.5 |4,839.3 |} '''¹''' [[Baguio City]] is a highly urbanized city; figures are excluded from [[Benguet Province]]. ===Physical=== Almost the whole region is situated in the mountainous [[Cordillera Central, Luzon|Cordillera Central]] range. Located there is [[Mount Pulag]], the second highest mountain in the country, rising at 2,922 meters. Various rivers start here, like the [[Cagayan River]] and the [[Agno River]]. ==Tourist attractions== Tourist attractions in the region include the world famous [[Banaue Rice Terraces]] in the province of [[Ifugao]]. This is supposedly considered as the "Eighth Wonder of the World". Natural attractions of the region include the Sumaguing Cave in Sagada and the mummy caves of [[Benguet]] and [[Mt. Province]]. There are four National Parks: Cassamata Hill, [[Mount Pulag]] (the second highest mountain in the Philippines with an elevation of 2,922 meters above sea level), Mt. Data and Balbalasang-Balbalan, located in the province of Kalinga. Kalinga is also offering world class white water rafting along the chico river. ==History== On [[July 15]], [[1987]], Executive Order No. 220 was issued creating the Cordillera Administrative Region. It is composed of provinces which used to be part of the Old Mountain Province. [[Republic Acts of the Philippines|Republic Act]] No. 6766 was passed on [[October 23]], [[1989]]. It provided for an Organic Act for the Cordillera Autonomous Region. It mandates the creation of an autonomous government to be headed by a Regional Governor. It creates a Regional Assembly that will enact laws of regional application and a regional judiciary composed of a supreme court and lower courts. The act also directs the proposed autonomous government in the Cordillera to exercise governmental functions, including the raising of taxes, but excluding defense, foreign affairs and monetary functions. However, the Constitution requires that the act has to be ratified by the people in a plebiscite. It was originally scheduled on [[December 27]] of the same year but was reset to [[January 30]] the following by virtue of the Commission on Elections. During the said plebiscite, it was only Ifugao which voted favorably. Republic Act No. 8438 dated [[December 22]], [[1997]] created the Cordillera Autonomous Region. In [[January]] [[1998]], a group of lawyers challenged the constitutionality of the act. A plebiscite held on March 9 of the same year was held and invalidated the act. The region was created but reduced to a regular administrative region. {{Luzon lateral}} {{Philippine regions}} [[Category:Regions of the Philippines]] [[de:Regierungsbezirk Cordillera]] [[ilo:Rehion Administrativo ti Cordillera]] [[nl:Cordillera Administrative Region]] [[ja:コルディリェラ行政地域]] [[tl:Cordillera Administrative Region]] Augustine of Hippo 471 1211 2006-10-17T04:06:28Z 130.54.12.243 {{translation}} {| class="wikitable" style="margin:0px 0px 10px 10px;float:right;width:300px;" ! colspan="2" style="background-color:gold;font-size:120%;"|'''''Saint Augustine''''' |- |align="center" colspan="2" |[[Image:Augustine_of_Hippo.jpg|300px]] |- |align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="gold"|'''Bishop''' and '''Doctor of the Church''' |- |'''Born''' |[[November 13]], [[354]], Souk-Ahras, Algeria |- |'''Died''' |[[August 28]], [[430]], Hippo |- |'''[[Calendar of saints|Feast]]''' |[[August 28]] |- |'''Attributes''' |child; dove; pen; shell, pierced heart |- |'''[[Patron saint|Patronage]]''' |brewers; printers; sore eyes; theologians |- |'''[[Patron saint|Patron saint of these places:]]''' |[[Bridgeport, Connecticut]]; [[Cagayan de Oro, Philippines]]; [[Ida, Philippines]]; [[Kalamazoo Michigan]]; [[Saint Augustine, Florida]]; [[Superior, Wisconsin]]; [[Tucson, Arizona]] |- |} {{dablink|For the first Archbishop of Canterbury, see [[Saint Augustine of Canterbury]].}} '''Aurelius Augustinus''', '''Augustine of Hippo''', or '''Saint Augustine''' ([[November 13]], [[354]] – [[August 28]], [[430]]) was one of the most important figures in the development of [[Western Christianity]]. In [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholicism]], he is a saint and pre-eminent [[Doctor of the Church]], and the patron of the [[Augustinians|Augustinian religious order]]. Many [[Protestantism|Protestants]], especially [[Calvinism|Calvinists]], consider him to be one of the theological fountainheads of [[Reformation]] teaching on [[salvation]] and [[divine grace|grace]]. Born in [[Africa]] as the eldest son of [[Monica of Hippo|Monica]], he was educated and baptized in [[Italy]]. His works—including ''[[Confessions (St. Augustine)|The Confessions]]'', which is often called the first Western [[autobiography]]—are still read around the world ==Life== Saint Augustine was born in [[354]] in [[Thagaste]] (present-day [[Souk Ahras]], [[Algeria]]), a provincial Roman city in [[North Africa]]. He was raised and went to primary school in Thagaste. At age seventeen he went to [[Carthage]] to continue his education in rhetoric. His mother Monica was a devout [[catholic]]<ref>Monica would have called herself a catholic. However the word catholic is not being used in the modern sense of Roman Catholic (capital 'C') versus Eastern Orthodox, but rather in the older sense of a follower of the [[Nicene Creed]], in that she was not a [[Donatist]] or [[Arian]], a significant distinction for the time.</ref> and his father [[Patricius]] a [[Paganism|pagan]], but Augustine followed the controversial [[Manichaeism|Manichaean]] religion, much to the horror of his mother. As a youth Augustine lived a hedonistic lifestyle for a time, and in Carthage, he developed a relationship with a young woman who would be his [[concubine]] for over fifteen years, with whom he had a son. His education and early career was in [[philosophy]] and [[rhetoric]], the art of persuasion and public speaking. He taught in Thagaste and Carthage, but desired to travel to Rome where he believed the best and brightest rhetoricians practiced. However, Augustine grew disappointed with the Roman schools, which he found apathetic. Once the time came for his students to pay their fees they simply fled. Manichean friends introduced him to the prefect of the City of Rome, [[Symmachus]], who had been asked to provide a professor of rhetoric for the imperial court at [[Milan]]. [[Image:Sainte Monique.jpg|left|thumb|"St Augustine and Monica" (1846), by [[Ary Scheffer]].]] The young provincial won the job and headed north to take up his position in late [[384]]. At age thirty, Augustine had won the most visible academic chair in the Latin world, at a time when such posts gave ready access to political careers. However, he felt the tensions of life at an imperial court, lamenting one day as he rode in his carriage to deliver a grand speech before the emperor, that a drunken beggar he passed on the street had a less careworn existence than he. His mother Monica pressured him to become a Catholic, but it was the bishop of Milan, [[Ambrose]], who had most influence over Augustine. Ambrose was a master of rhetoric like Augustine himself, but older and more experienced. Prompted in part by Ambrose's [[sermon]]s, and other studies, including a disappointing meeting with a key exponent of Manichaean theology, Augustine moved away from Manichaeism; but instead of becoming Catholic like Ambrose and Monica, he converted to a pagan [[Neoplatonism|Neoplatonic]] approach to truth, saying that for a time he had a sense of making real progress in his quest, although he eventually lapsed into skepticism. Augustine's mother had followed him to Milan and he allowed her to arrange a society marriage, for which he abandoned his concubine (however he had to wait two years until his fiancée came of age; he promptly took up in the meantime with another woman). It was during this period Augustine of Hippo uttered his famous prayer, "Grant me chastity and continence, but not yet" [da mihi castitatem et continentiam, sed noli modo] (Conf., VIII. vii (17)). In the summer of [[386]], after having read an account of the life of [[Anthony the Great|Saint Anthony of the Desert]] which greatly inspired him, Augustine underwent a profound personal crisis and decided to convert to Christianity, abandon his career in rhetoric, quit his teaching position in Milan, give up any ideas of marriage (much to the horror of his mother), and devote himself entirely to serving [[God]] and the practices of [[priesthood]], which included [[clerical celibacy|celibacy]]. Key to this conversion was the voice of a small girl he heard at one point telling him in a sing-song voice to "tolle lege" ("take up and read") the Bible, at which point he opened the Bible at random and fell upon the [[Epistle to the Romans]] 13:13, which reads: "Let us walk honestly, as in the day; not in rioting and drunkenness, not in chambering and wantonness, not in strife and envying" (KJV). He would detail his spiritual journey in his famous ''[[Confessions (St. Augustine)|Confessions]]'', which went on to become a classic of both Christian theology and world literature. Ambrose baptized Augustine, along with his son, Adeodatus, on [[Easter]] day in [[387]], and soon thereafter in [[388]] he returned to Africa. On his way back to Africa his mother died, as did his son soon after, leaving him relatively alone in the world without family. Upon his return to north Africa he created a [[monastic]] foundation at Thagaste for himself and a group of friends. In [[391]] he was [[ordination|ordained]] a [[priest]] in [[Hippo Regius]], (now [[Annaba]], in [[Algeria]]). He became a famous [[preacher]] (more than 350 preserved sermons are believed to be authentic), and was noted for combating the Manichaean heresy, to which he had formerly adhered. In [[396]] he was made [[coadjutor bishop]] of Hippo (assistant with the right of succession on the death of the current bishop), and remained as [[bishop]] in Hippo until his death in [[430]]. He left his monastery, but continued to lead a monastic life in the episcopal residence. He left a Rule ([[Latin]], ''Regula'') for his monastery that has led him to be designated the "[[patron saint]] of [[Regular Clergy]]," that is, [[Clergy]] who live by a [[monastic rule]]. Augustine died on [[August 28]], [[430]], during the siege of Hippo by the [[Vandals]]. It is said that he died just as the Vandals were tearing down the city walls of Hippo. He is said to have encouraged its citizens to resist the attacks, primarily on the grounds that the Vandals adhered to the [[Arianism|Arian]] heresy. ==Personality== Of all the teachers and thinkers of the early middle era, Augustine's personality is perhaps the best known because of the enormous volume of his surviving writings. He was conflicted personally; an individual of strong and driving passions. His early sexual dalliances, his mistress and his illegitimate son whom he loved give an important context to the struggle he underwent to establish principles of consistency, justice and goodness. Augustine could not be considered a "moderate" in the modern sense of the word. His drive was for clarity and directness in teaching. Evaluated by modern methods, his views are not necessarily consistent nor integrated; yet his writing reveals an individual of his times who considered the important questions of meaning in life passionately and with intelligence. ==Influence as a theologian and thinker== [[Image:Tiffany_Window_of_St_Augustine_-_Lightner_Museum.jpg|thumb|270px|Detail of St. Augustine in a [[stained glass window]] by [[Louis Comfort Tiffany]] in the [[Lightner Museum]], [[St. Augustine, Florida]].]] Augustine remains a central figure, both within Christianity and in the history of Western thought, and is considered by modern historian [[Thomas Cahill]] to be the first medieval man and the last classical man.<ref>Thomas Cahill, ''How the Irish Saved Civilization'' Ch.2</ref> In both his philosophical and theological reasoning, he was greatly influenced by [[Stoicism]], [[Platonism]] and [[Neoplatonism]], particularly by the work of [[Plotinus]], author of the [[Enneads]], probably through the mediation of [[Porphyry (philosopher)|Porphyry]] and [[Victorinus]] (as [[Pierre Hadot]] has argued). His generally favorable outlook upon Neoplatonic thought contributed to the "baptism" of Greek thought and its entrance into the Christian and subsequently the [[European]] intellectual tradition. His early and influential writing on the [[Will (philosophy)|human will]], a central topic in [[ethics]], would become a focus for later philosophers such as [[Arthur Schopenhauer|Schopenhauer]] and [[Friedrich Nietzsche|Nietzsche]]. In addition, Augustine was influenced by the work of both Virgil (known for his teaching on language) and Cicero (known for his teaching on argument). Augustine's concept of original sin was expounded in his works against the [[Pelagians]]. However, [[Eastern Orthodox]] theologians, while they believe all humans were damaged by the original sin of Adam and Eve, have key disputes with Augustine about this doctrine, and as such this is viewed as a key source of division between East and West. Augustine's writings helped formulate the theory of [[The Just War Theory|the just war]]. He also advocated the use of force against the [[Donatism|Donatists]], asking "Why ... should not the Church use force in compelling her lost sons to return, if the lost sons compelled others to their destruction?" (''The Correction of the Donatists'', 22–24) St. [[Thomas Aquinas]] took much from Augustine's theology while creating his own unique synthesis of Greek and Christian thought after the widespread rediscovery of the work of [[Aristotle]]. While Augustine's doctrine of divine [[predestination]] would never be wholly forgotten within the [[Catholicism|Catholic Church]], finding eloquent expression in the works of [[Bernard of Clairvaux]], [[Reformation]] theologians such as [[Martin Luther]] and [[John Calvin]] would look back to him as the inspiration for their avowed capturing of the Biblical Gospel. Bishop John Fisher of Rochester, a chief opponent of Luther, articulated an Augustinian view of grace and salvation consistent with Church doctrine, thus encompassing both Augustine’s soteriology and his teaching on the authority of and obedience to the Catholic Church.<ref>Diarmaid MacCulloch, ''The Reformation'' (Penguin Group, 2005) p112.</ref> Later, within the [[Catholicism|Catholic Church]], the writings of [[Cornelius Jansen]], who claimed heavy influence from Augustine, would form the basis of the movement known as [[Jansenism]]; some Jansenists went into [[Schism (religion)|schism]] and formed their own church. [[Image:Nuremberg chronicles - Augustine (CXXXVIr).jpg|thumb|right|St. Augustine in the [[Nuremberg Chronicle]]]] Augustine was [[canonization|canonized]] by popular recognition and recognized as a [[Doctor of the Church]] in [[1303]] by [[Pope Boniface VIII]]. His [[feast day]] is [[August 28]], the day on which he is thought to have died. He is considered the [[patron saint]] of brewers, printers, theologians, sore eyes, and a number of cities and dioceses. The latter part of Augustine's ''Confessions'' consists of an extended meditation on the nature of time. Catholic theologians generally subscribe to Augustine's belief that God exists [[eternity|outside of time]] in the "eternal present"; that time only exists within the created universe because only in space is time discernible through motion and change. Augustine's meditations on the nature of time are closely linked to his consideration of the human ability of [[memory]]. [[Frances Yates]] in her [[1966]] study, ''The Art of Memory'' argues that a brief passage of the ''Confessions'', X.8.12, in which Augustine writes of walking up a flight of stairs and entering the vast fields of memory [http://www.stoa.org/hippo/text10.html#TB10C8S12 (see text and commentary)]clearly indicates that the ancient Romans were aware of how to use explicit spatial and architectural metaphors as a [[mnemonic]] technique for organizing large amounts of information. A few French philosophers have argued that this technique can be seen as the conceptual ancestor of the [[user interface]] [[paradigm]] of [[virtual reality]].{{fact}} According to [[Leo Ruickbie]], Augustine's arguments against [[Magic (paranormal)|magic]], differentiating it from [[miracle]], were crucial in the early Church's fight against [[paganism]] and became a central thesis in the later denunciation of witches and [[witchcraft]]. According to Professor Deepak Lal, Augustine's vision of the heavenly city has influenced the secular faiths of the Enlightenment, Marxism, Freudianism and Eco-fundamentalism. ==Influential quotations from Augustine's writings == * "Love the sinner and hate the sin " (''Cum dilectione hominum et odio vitiorum'') (Opera Omnia, vol II. col. 962, letter 211.), literally "With love for mankind and hatred of sins " <ref>Migne, J.-P. (translator) <cite> St. Augustine's Letter 211 </cite> (ed.) "Patrologiae Latinae" Volume 33, (1845). </ref> * "Heart Speaks to heart" (''Cor ad cor loquitur'') <ref>Augustine of Hippo<cite> The Confessions </cite></ref> * "Nothing conquers except truth and the victory of truth is love" (''Victoria veritatis est caritas''}<ref>Augustine of Hippo <cite>Sermons 358,1</cite> "Victoria veritatis est caritas"</ref> * "To sing once is to pray twice" (''Qui cantat, bis orat'') literally "he who sings, prays twice" <ref>Augustine of Hippo<cite> Sermons 336, 1</cite> PL 38, 1472 </ref> * "Lord, you have seduced me and I let myself be seduced" (quoting the prophet Jeremiah 20.7-9) * "Love, and do what you will" (''Dilige et quod vis fac'')(Sermon on 1 John 7, 8) * "Grant me chastity and continence, but not yet" (''da mihi castitatem et continentiam, sed noli modo'') (Conf., VIII. vii (17)) * "Christ is [http://individual.utoronto.ca/pking/articles/Augustine_on_Teaching.pdf#search=%22%22the%20teacher%20within%22%20%2B%20Augustine%22 the teacher within us] <ref>Augustine's Confessions : critical essays<cite>edited by William E. Mann. Lanham, Md. : Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2006. - xii, 240 s</cite></ref> * "Hear the other side"( ''Audi partem alteram'') De Duabus Animabus, XlV ii * "Rome has spoken; the case is concluded" (''Roma locuta est; causa finita est.'') (Sermons, Book I) * "Take it up and Read it" (''Tolle, lege'') Confessions, Book VIII, Chapter 12 * "There is no salvation outside the church" (''Salus extra ecclesiam non est'') (De Bapt. IV, cxvii.24) * "To many, total abstinence is easier than perfect moderation." (''Multi quidem facilius se abstinent ut non utantur, quam temperent ut bene utantur.'') (On the Good of Marriage) * "We make ourselves a ladder out of our vices if we trample the vices themselves underfoot. (iii. De Ascensione) ==Natural knowledge and biblical interpretation== Augustine took the view that the Biblical text should not be interpreted literally if it contradicts what we know from science and our God-given reason. In an important passage on his "The Literal Interpretation of Genesis" (early [[5th century]], AD), St. Augustine wrote: {{cquote|It not infrequently happens that something about the earth, about the sky, about other elements of this world, about the motion and rotation or even the magnitude and distances of the stars, about definite eclipses of the sun and moon, about the passage of years and seasons, about the nature of animals, of fruits, of stones, and of other such things, may be known with the greatest certainty by reasoning or by experience, even by one who is not a Christian. It is too disgraceful and ruinous, though, and greatly to be avoided, that he [the non-Christian] should hear a Christian speaking so idiotically on these matters, and as if in accord with Christian writings, that he might say that he could scarcely keep from laughing when he saw how totally in error they are. In view of this and in keeping it in mind constantly while dealing with the book of Genesis, I have, insofar as I was able, explained in detail and set forth for consideration the meanings of obscure passages, taking care not to affirm rashly some one meaning to the prejudice of another and perhaps better explanation." (''The Literal Interpretation of Genesis 1:19–20'', Chapt. 19 [AD 408]) With the scriptures it is a matter of treating about the faith. For that reason, as I have noted repeatedly, if anyone, not understanding the mode of divine eloquence, should find something about these matters [about the physical universe] in our books, or hear of the same from those books, of such a kind that it seems to be at variance with the perceptions of his own rational faculties, let him believe that these other things are in no way necessary to the admonitions or accounts or predictions of the scriptures. In short, it must be said that our authors knew the truth about the nature of the skies, but it was not the intention of the Spirit of God, who spoke through them, to teach men anything that would not be of use to them for their salvation." (ibid, 2:9)}} A more clear distinction between "metaphorical" and "literal" in literary texts arose with the rise of the [[Scientific Revolution]], although its source could be found in earlier writings, such as those of [[Herodotus]] (5th century BC). It was even considered heretical to interpret the Bible literally at times (cf. Origen, St. Jerome).{{citation needed}} ==Creation== :''See also: [[Allegorical interpretations of Genesis]]'' In "''The Literal Interpretation of Genesis''" Augustine took the view that everything in the universe was created simultaneously by God, and not in seven calendar days like a plain account of Genesis would require. He argues that the six-day structure of creation presented in the book of Genesis represents a logical framework, rather than the passage of time in a physical way - it would bear a spiritual, rather than physical, meaning, which is no less literal. Augustine also doesn’t envisage [[original sin]] as originating structural changes in the universe, and even suggests that the bodies of Adam and Eve were already created mortal before the Fall. Apart from his specific views, Augustine recognizes that the interpretation of the creation story is difficult, and remarks that we should be willing to change our mind about it as new information comes up. [http://www.asa3.org/ASA/topics/Bible-Science/PSCF3-88Young.html] In "''The City of God''", Augustine also defended what would be called today as [[young Earth creationism]]. In the specific passage, Augustine rejected both the immortality of the human race proposed by pagans, and contemporary ideas of ages (such as those of certain Greeks and Egyptians) that differed from the Church's sacred writings: {{cquote|Let us, then, omit the conjectures of men who know not what they say, when they speak of the nature and origin of the human race. For some hold the same opinion regarding men that they hold regarding the world itself, that they have always been... They are deceived, too, by those highly mendacious documents which profess to give the history of many thousand years, though, reckoning by the sacred writings, we find that not 6000 years have yet passed." (Augustine, [http://www.ccel.org/fathers2/NPNF1-02/npnf1-02-18.htm#P2017_1154484 Of the Falseness of the History Which Allots Many Thousand Years to the World’s Past], ''The City of God'', Book 12: Chapt. 10 [AD 419]).}} ==Doctrine on Original Sin== Augustine's theological views in the early middle era were revolutionary, perhaps none so much as his doctrine on original sin which is still used by the Catholic faith today. {{cquote|Saint Augustine taught that Adam, before the Fall, had had free will, and could have abstained from sin. But as he and Eve ate the apple, corruption entered into them, and descended to all their posterity, none of whom can, of their own power, abstain from sin. Only God's grace enables men to be virtuous. Since we all inherit Adam's sin, we all deserve eternal damnation. All who die unbaptized, even infants, will go to hell and suffer unending torment. We have no reason to complain of this, since we are all wicked. (In the ''Confessions'', the Saint enumerates the crimes of which he was guilty in the cradle.) But by God's free grace certain people, among those who have been baptized, are chosen to go to heaven; these are the elect. They do not go to heaven because they are good; we are all totally depraved, except in so far as God's grace, which is only bestowed on the elect, enables us to be otherwise. No reason can be given why some are saved and the rest damned; this is due to God's unmotivated choice. Damnation proves God's justice; salvation His mercy. Both equally display His goodness. <ref name="multiple"> ''A history of Western Philosophy by Bertrand Russell'', Simon & Schuster, 1945 </ref>}} This [[double predestination]] (ie. the idea that despite free-will and grace, God had already decided who would be saved and who would be damned) was not accepted by the Catholic church; but was later taken up and elaborated upon by the [[Protestant]] reformer [[John Calvin]]. In summary, Augustine believed that no one would be saved unless they freely accepted baptism, and thus became a member of the church. He believed that those who are saved had been predetermined. God, to Augustine, was secretly just, and justly secret. This remains an anomaly in his teaching when compared with his views on free will. == Augustine and lust == Lust to Augustine was something that plagued his life. It was a sin independent of the will handed down by the sins of Adam. "The need of lust in sexual intercourse is a punishment for Adam's sin, but for which sex might have been divorced from pleasure." <ref name="multiple"> ''A history of Western Philosophy by Bertrand Russell'', Simon & Schuster, 1945 </ref> Augustine, begging for chastity in his early youth writes, "But I wretched, most wretched, in the very commencement of my early youth, had begged chastity of Thee, and said, "Give me chastity and continency, only not yet." <ref> [http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/jod/augustine/Pusey/book07]''Confessions'', Saint Augustine, Book Eight, Chapter 7</ref>. At sixteen Augustine moved to Carthage where again he was plagued by this "wretched sin": {{cquote|Where there seethed all around me a cauldron of lawless loves. I loved not yet, yet I loved to love, and out of a deep-seated want, I hated myself for wanting not. I sought what I might love, in love with loving, and I hated safety... To love then, and to be beloved, was sweet to me; but more, when I obtained to enjoy the person I loved. I defiled, therefore, the spring of friendship with the filth of concupiscence, and I beclouded its brightness with the hell of lustfulness. <ref> [http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/jod/augustine/Pusey/book03] ''Confessions'', Saint Augustine, Book Three, Chapter 1 </ref>}} Lust was also blind, as it even affected the barbarians who pillaged Rome. Augustine, while writing to the pious virgins who were raped during Rome's sack, spoke of chastity of mind, "Truth, another's lust cannot pollute thee." Chastity is "a virtue of the mind, and is not lost by rape, but is lost by the intention of sin, even if unperformed." <ref name="multiple"> ''A history of Western Philosophy by Bertrand Russell'', Simon & Schuster, 1945 </ref> In short lust was an obstacle to the virtuous life for Augustine, something to be avoided, and one of the most miserable sins which deeply impacted his life. == Augustine and the Jews == Against certain Christian movements rejecting the use of Hebrew Scriptures, Augustine countered that God had chosen the Jews as a special people, whilst he also deemed the scattering of Jews by the Roman empire as a fulfilment of certain Messianic prophecies.<ref>Diarmaid MacCulloch, ''The Reformation'' (Penguin Group, 2005) p8.</ref> Augustine wrote: "The Jews who slew [[Jesus|Him]], and would not believe in Him, because it behooved Him to die and rise again, were yet more miserably wasted by the Romans, and utterly rooted out from their kingdom, where aliens had already ruled over them, and were dispersed through the lands (so that indeed there is no place where they are not), and are thus by their own Scriptures a testimony to us that we have not forged the prophecies about Christ."<ref>''City of God'', book 18, chapter 46.</ref> Augustine also quotes part of the same prophecy that says "Slay them not, lest they should at last forget Thy law". Augustine argued that God had allowed the Jews to survive this dispersion as a warning to Christians, thus they were to be permitted to dwell in Christian lands. Augustine further argued that the Jews would be converted at the end of time.<ref>J. Edwards, ''The Spanish Inquisition'' (Stroud, 1999), pp33-5.</ref> ==Books== *''[[On Christian Doctrine]],'' [[397]]-[[426]] *''[[Confessions (St. Augustine)|Confessions]],'' [[397]]-[[398]] *''[[The City of God]],'' begun ca. [[413]], finished [[426]] *''[[On the Trinity]],'' [[400]]-[[416]] *''[[Enchiridion of Augustine|Enchiridion]]'' *''[[Retractions (book)|Retractions]]'': At the end of his life (ca. [[426]]-[[428]]) Augustine revisited his previous works in chronological order and suggested what he would have said differently in a work titled the ''[[Retractions (book)|Retractions]]'', giving the reader a rare picture of the development of a writer and his final thoughts. *''[[The Literal Meaning of Genesis]]'' *''[[On Free Choice of the Will]]'' ==Letters== {|width=100% |-valign=top |width=50%| *On the Catechising of the Uninstructed *On Faith and the Creed *Concerning Faith of Things Not Seen *On the Profit of Believing *On the Creed: A Sermon to Catechumens *On Continence *On the Good of Marriage *On Holy Virginity *On the Good of Widowhood *On Lying *To Consentius: Against Lying *On the Work of Monks *On Patience *On Care to be Had For the Dead *On the Morals of the Catholic Church *On the Morals of the Manichaeans *On Two Souls, Against the Manichaeans *Acts or Disputation Against Fortunatus the Manichaean *Against the Epistle of Manichaeus Called Fundamental *Reply to Faustus the Manichaean *Concerning the Nature of Good, Against the Manichaeans *On Baptism, Against the Donatists |width=50%| *Answer to Letters of Petilian, Bishop of Cirta *The Correction of the Donatists *Merits and Remission of Sin, and Infant Baptism *On the Spirit and the Letter *On Nature and Grace *On Man's Perfection in Righteousness *On the Proceedings of Pelagius *On the Grace of Christ, and on Original Sin *On Marriage and Concupiscence *On the Soul and its Origin *Against Two Letters of the Pelagians *On Grace and Free Will *On Rebuke and Grace *The Predestination of the Saints/Gift of Perseverance *Our Lord's Sermon on the Mount *The Harmony of the Gospels *Sermons on Selected Lessons of the New Testament *Tractates on the Gospel of John *Homilies on the First Epistle of John *Soliloquies *The Enarrations, or Expositions, on the Psalms *On the Immortality of the Soul |} ==Notes== <div class="references-small"> <references /> </div> ==In the arts== *[[Christian rock]] band [[Petra (band)|Petra]] dedicated a song to St. Augustine called ''"St. Augustine Pears"''. It's based on one of Augustine's writings in his book "Confessions" where he tells of how he stole some neighbor's pears without being hungry, and how that petty theft haunted him through his life.[http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/rels/002/lectures/lecture18.html] *[[Jon Foreman]], lead singer and song writer of the [[alternative rock]] band [[Switchfoot]] wrote a song called "Something More (Augustine's Confession)," based after the life and book, "Confessions", of Augustine. * For his 1993 album "[[Ten Summoner's Tales]]", [[Sting]] wrote a song entitled "Saint Augustine in Hell", although Augustine himself is not in fact mentioned in the lyrics. * [[Bob Dylan]], for his 1967 album [[John Wesley Harding]] penned a song entitled "I Dreamed I Saw St. Augustine". The song's opening lines ("I dreamed I saw Saint Augustine / Alive as you or me") are likely based on the opening lines of " I Dreamed I Saw [[Joe Hill]] Last Night", a song crafted in 1936 by [[Earl Robinson]] detailing the death of the famous American labor-activist who, himself, was an influential songwriter. *[[Roberto Rossellini]] directed the film "Agostino d'Ippona" (Augustine of Hippo) for Italy's RAI-TV in 1972. ==Bibliography== *[[Peter Brown (historian)|Brown, Peter]]. ''Augustine of Hippo''. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1967. ISBN 0-520-00186-9 *Gareth B. Matthews. ''Augustine''. Blackwell, 2005. ISBN 0-631-23348-2 *[[James J. O'Donnell|O'Donnell, James J.]] ''Augustine: A New Biography''. New York: HarperCollins, 2005. ISBN 0-06-053537-7 *[[Leo Ruickbie|Ruickbie, Leo]]. ''Witchcraft Out of the Shadows''. London: Robert Hale, 2004. ISBN 0-7090-7567-7, pp. 57-8. *[[Adolphe Tanquerey|Tanquerey, Adolphe]]. ''The Spiritual Life: A Treatise on [[Ascetical theology|Ascetical]] and Mystical Theology''. Reprinted Ed. (original 1930). Rockford, IL: Tan Books, 2000. ISBN 0-89555-659-6, p. 37. *[[John von Heyking|von Heyking, John]]. ''Augustine and Politics as Longing in the World''. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2001. ISBN 0-8262-1349-9 * [http://www.cassiciaco.it/ITA/001ago/Agostiniani/lubin_conventi/lubin_600.htm ''Orbis Augustinianus sive conventuum O. Erem. S. A. chorographica et topographica descriptio] Augustino Lubin, Paris, 1659, 1671, 1672. * '''Regle de S. Augustin pour lei religieuses de son .ordre; et Constitutions de la Congregation des Religieuses du Verbe-Incarne et du Saint-Sacrament''' (Lyon: Chez Pierre Guillimin, 1662), pp. 28-29. Cf. later edition published at Lyon (Chez Briday, Libraire,1962), pp. 22-24. English edition, ''The Rule of Saint Augustine and the Constitutions of the Order of the Incarnate Word and Blessed Sacrament'' (New York: Schwartz, Kirwin, and Fauss, 1893), pp. 33-35. * {{cite book | author=Zumkeller O.S.A.,Adolar | title=Augustine's ideal of Religious life | publisher= Fordham University Press, New York| year=1986 |}} * {{cite book | author=Zumkeller O.S.A.,Adolar | title=Augustine's Rule | publisher= Augustinian Press, Villanova, Pennsylvania U.S.A.| year=1987 |}} ==See also== {|width=100% |-valign=top |width=50%| * [[Augustinians]] * [[Predestination]] * [[Free will]] * [[Pelagianism]] * [[In necessariis unitas, in dubiis libertas, in omnibus caritas]] |width=50%| * [[Constantinian shift]] * [[Floria Aemilia]] * [[Filioque clause]] * [[Scholasticism]] |} {{portalpar|Saints|Gloriole.svg}} ==External links== {{wikiquote}} *General: **At UPENN: [http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/jod/augustine/ Texts, translations, introductions, commentaries...] ** [http://www.earlychurch.org.uk/augustine.php EarlyChurch.org.uk] Extensive bibliography and on-line articles. ** [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02084a.htm Life of St. Augustine of Hippo], from the [[Catholic Encyclopedia]] *Texts by Augustine: ** {{gutenberg author|id=Augustine_of_Hippo|name=Augustine of Hippo}} ** In Latin, at [[The Latin Library]]: [http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/august.html books and letters by Augustine] **At "Christian Classics Ethereal Library" [http://www.ccel.org/a/augustine/ Translations of several works by Augustine, incl. introductions] **At "New Advent": [http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/ Several works by Augustine in English, incl. introduction] **[http://www.philosophyarchive.com/text.php?era=400-499&author=Augustine&text=Confessions%20and%20Enchiridion%20Introduction The Enchiridion] by Augustine **[http://www.augustinus.it] Full Latin and Italian text resource **At "IntraText Digital Library": [http://www.intratext.com/Catalogo/Autori/AUT31.HTM Works by Augustine in several languages, with concordance and frequency list] *Texts on Augustine: **[http://www.mrrena.com/misc/august.shtml St. Augustine: Between Two Worlds] **[http://personal2.stthomas.edu/gwschlabach/docs/jhy-aug.htm Augustine and 'other Catholics'] **[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/augustine/ Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry] **[http://www.revneal.org/Writings/augustinegracesin.html "Augustine's Concept of Freedom: The Dynamic of Sin and Grace" from ''Grace Incarnate'' (1989)] **[http://www.econ.ucla.edu/workingpapers/wp813.pdf Augustine's Heavenly City and the Western Mind]Pgs 22-24 * On Music ** [http://www.smithcreekmusic.com/Hymnology/What.is.a.Hymn/Augustine.html Augustine on Hymns] * On Original Sin ** [http://www.leaderu.com/theology/augpelagius.html Augustine and Pelagius] ** [http://www.cse.uiuc.edu/~siefert/research/original_sin.html Augustine and Thomas Aquinas on Orignal Sin] ** [http://www.firstthings.com/ftissues/ft9811/articles/oakes.html Original sin: a disputation] ** [http://cco.cambridge.org/extract?id=ccol0521650186_CCOL0521650186A005 The Cambridge Companion to Augustine; 3 Augustine on evil and original sin ] * Links to the Augustinian Order ** [http://www.augnet.org/default.asp?ipageid=223 Augustine's writings] * Manuscripts that refer to his relationship with a woman of high intellectual calibre (This may or may not be true) ** [http://dl.nlb.gov.sg/highbrowseonline/2006/03/post_7.html Letter To St Augustine Of Hippo] * Audio books ** [http://www.doxologypress.org/theaudio/index.html City of God, Confessions, Enchiridion, Doctrine] [[Category:354 births|Augustine of Hippo]] [[Category:430 deaths|Augustine of Hippo]] [[Category:Algerian people]] [[Category:Algerian saints]] [[Category:Ancient Roman Christianity]] [[Category:Ancient Roman rhetoricians]] [[Category:Augustinians]] [[Category:Berber]] [[Category:Christian philosophers]] [[Category:Christian writers]] [[Category:Church Fathers]] [[Category:Converts to Christianity]] [[Category:Doctors of the Church]] [[Category:History of the Maghreb]] [[Category:Late Antique writers]] [[Category:Neoplatonists]] [[Category:Religious writers|Augustine of Hippo]] [[Category:Rhetoricians|Augustine of Hippo]] [[Category:Roman Catholic bishops]] [[Category:Roman Catholic philosophers|Augustine of Hippo]] [[Category:Roman Catholic theologians]] [[Category:Thelemites]] [[Category:Theologians]] [[Category:Theories of history]] {{Link FA|no}} {{Link FA|pl}} [[ast:Agustín d'Hipona]] [[bs:Aurelije Augustin]] [[bg:Августин]] [[ca:Sant Agustí d'Hipona]] [[cs:Augustinus]] [[de:Augustinus von Hippo]] [[et:Augustinus]] [[es:Agustín de Hipona]] [[eo:Aŭgusteno]] [[eu:Hiponako San Augustin]] [[fr:Augustin d'Hippone]] [[gl:Agostiño de Hipona]] [[ko:아우렐리우스 아우구스티누스]] [[hr:Sveti Aurelije Augustin]] [[io:Augustinus]] [[id:Augustinus dari Hippo]] [[it:Sant'Agostino d'Ippona]] [[he:אוגוסטינוס]] [[la:Augustinus]] [[lb:Augustinus]] [[lt:Augustinas]] [[hu:Szent Ágoston]] [[nl:Augustinus van Hippo]] [[ja:アウグスティヌス]] [[mt:Santu Wistin]] [[no:Augustin av Hippo]] [[nds:Augustinus]] [[pl:Augustyn z Hippony]] [[pt:Agostinho de Hipona]] [[ro:Augustin de Hipona]] [[ru:Августин Блаженный]] [[sq:Shën Agostini]] [[sk:Augustín]] [[sl:Sveti Avguštin]] [[sr:Свети Августин]] [[fi:Augustinus]] [[sv:Augustinus]] [[zh:奥古斯丁 (希波)]] René Descartes 472 1212 2006-10-17T04:08:10Z 130.54.12.243 {{translation}} {{Infobox_Philosopher |   region = Western Philosophy | era = [[17th-century philosophy]] | color = #B0C4DE |  image_name = Descartes.jpg | image_name = Descartes.jpg | image_caption = René Descartes |  name = René Descartes | birth = [[March 31]] [[1596]] ([[La Haye en Touraine]] (now Descartes), [[Indre-et-Loire]], [[France]]) | death = [[February 11]] [[1650]] ([[Stockholm]], [[Sweden]]) | school_tradition = [[Cartesianism]], [[Rationalism]], [[Foundationalism]] | main_interests = [[Metaphysics]], [[Epistemology]], [[Science]], [[Mathematics]] | influences = [[Plato]], [[Aristotle]], [[Anselm of Canterbury|Anselm]], [[Thomas Aquinas|Aquinas]], [[William of Ockham|Ockham]], [[Francisco Suárez|Suarez]], [[Marin Mersenne|Mersenne]], [[Pyrrho]] | influenced = [[Baruch Spinoza|Spinoza]], [[Antoine Arnauld|Arnauld]], [[Nicolas Malebranche|Malebranche]], [[Blaise Pascal|Pascal]], [[John Locke|Locke]], [[Gottfried Leibniz|Leibniz]], [[Henry More|More]], [[Immanuel Kant|Kant]], [[Edmund Husserl|Husserl]]| notable_ideas = [[Cogito ergo sum]], method of doubt, [[Mathesis Universalis]], [[Cartesian coordinate system]], [[Cartesian dualism]], [[ontological argument]] for God's existence; regarded as a founder of [[Modern philosophy]] | }} {{For|other things named Descartes|Descartes (disambiguation)}} '''René Descartes''' ([[March 31]], [[1596]] – [[February 11]], [[1650]]), also known as ''Cartesius'', was a noted [[French philosophy|French philosopher]], [[mathematician]], and [[scientist]]. Dubbed the "Founder of Modern Philosophy" and the "[[List of people known as father or mother of something|Father of Modern Mathematics]]," he ranks as one of the most important and influential thinkers of modern times. For good or bad, much of subsequent western philosophy is a reaction to his writings, which have been closely studied from his time down to the present day. Descartes was one of the key thinkers of the [[Scientific Revolution]] in the Western World. He is also honoured by having the [[Cartesian coordinate system]] used in plane geometry and algebra named after him. Descartes frequently contrasted his views with those of his predecessors. In the opening section of the ''Passions of the Soul'', he goes so far as to assert that he will write on his topic "as if no one had written on these matters before". Nevertheless many elements of his philosophy have precedents in late [[Aristotelianism]], the revived [[Stoicism]] of the [[16th century]], or in earlier philosophers like [[Augustine of Hippo|Augustine]]. In his natural philosophy, he differs from the [[Scholasticism|Schools]] on two major points: first, he rejects the analysis of [[corporeal substance]] into matter and form; second, he rejects any appeal to [[Teleology|ends]]—divine or natural—in explaining natural phenomena. In his theology, he insists on the absolute freedom of God’s act of creation. Descartes was a major figure in [[17th century]] continental [[rationalism]], later advocated by [[Baruch Spinoza]] and [[Gottfried Leibniz]], and opposed by the [[empiricist]] school of thought, consisting of [[Thomas Hobbes|Hobbes]], [[John Locke|Locke]], [[George Berkeley|Berkeley]], and [[David Hume|Hume]]. Leibniz, Spinoza and Descartes were all versed in mathematics as well as philosophy, and Descartes and Leibniz contributed greatly to science as well. As the inventor of the [[Cartesian coordinate system]], Descartes founded [[analytic geometry]], that bridge between algebra and geometry crucial to the invention of the [[calculus]] and [[Mathematical analysis|analysis]]. Descartes' reflections on mind and mechanism began the strain of western thought that much later, impelled by the invention of the [[electronic computer]] and by the possibility of [[machine intelligence]], blossomed into, e.g., the [[Turing test]]. His most famous statement is ''[[Cogito ergo sum]]'' ([[French language|French]]: ''Je pense, donc je suis'' or in [[English language|English]]: ''I think, therefore I am''), found in §7 of ''Principles of Philosophy'' (Latin) and part IV of ''Discourse on Method'' (French). ==Biography== On March 31, 1596, Descartes was born in [[La Haye en Touraine]] (now Descartes), [[Indre-et-Loire]], [[France]]. When he was 1 year old, his mother died of [[tuberculosis]]. His father was a judge in the High Court at Justice. At the age of ten, he entered the [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] [[Prytanee|Collège Royal Henry-Le-Grand]] at [[La Flèche]]. After graduation, he studied at the University of [[Poitiers]], earning a ''[[Baccalauréat]]'' and ''Licence'' in [[law]] in [[1616]], in accordance with his father's wishes that he become a lawyer. Descartes never actually practised law, however, and in 1618 he entered the service of Prince [[Maurice of Nassau]], leader of the United Provinces of the [[Netherlands]]. His intention was to see the world and to discover the truth. :"I entirely abandoned the study of letters. Resolving to seek no knowledge other than that which could be found in myself or else in the great book of the world, I spent the rest of my youth traveling, visiting courts and armies, mixing with people of diverse temperaments and ranks, gathering various experiences, testing myself in the situations which fortune offered me, and at all times reflecting upon whatever came my way so as to derive some profit from it. (Descartes, ''Discourse on the Method of Rightly Conducting One's Reason and Seeking the Truth in the Sciences'') Here he met [[Isaac Beeckman]], who sparked his interest in mathematics and the new physics, particularly the problem of fall of heavy bodies. On [[November 10]] [[1619]], while traveling in Germany and thinking about using mathematics to solve problems in physics, Descartes had a vision in a dream through which he "discovered the foundations of a marvelous science" <ref>{{cite book|year=1911|title=Encyclopedia Britannica}}</ref>. This became a pivotal point in young Descartes' life and the foundation on which he develops analytical geometry. He dedicated the rest of his life to researching this connection between mathematics and nature. In [[1622]] he returned to [[France]], and during the next few years spent time in Paris and other parts of Europe. He arrived in La Haye in 1623, selling all of his property, investing this remuneration in [[Bond (finance)|bonds]] which provided Descartes with a comfortable income for the rest of his life. Descartes was present at the [[siege of La Rochelle]] by Cardinal [[Armand Jean du Plessis, Cardinal Richelieu|Richelieu]] in [[1627]]. He left for [[Holland]] in [[1628]], where he lived and changed his address frequently until [[1649]]. In [[1633]], [[Galileo Galilei|Galileo]] was condemned by the [[Catholic Church]], and Descartes abandoned plans to publish ''[[The World (Descartes)|Treatise on the World]]'', his work of the previous four years. Although Descartes never married, he fathered a daughter, the issue of an affair with a woman named Helene; [[Francine Descartes|Francine]], born in [[1635]] and baptized on [[August 7]] of the same year. Much to Descartes' distress, she died in [[1640]]. Descartes continued to [[René Descartes#References|publish works]] concerning mathematics and philosophy for the rest of his life. In [[1643]], Cartesian philosophy was condemned at the [[Utrecht University|University of Utrecht]], and Descartes began his long correspondence with [[Elisabeth of Bohemia, Princess Palatine|Princess Elizabeth of Bohemia]]. In 1647, he was awarded a pension by the [[King of France]]. Descartes was interviewed by [[Frans Burman]] at [[Egmond-Binnen]] in 1648. René Descartes died on [[February 11]], [[1650]] in [[Stockholm]], [[Sweden]], where he had been invited as a teacher for Queen [[Christina of Sweden]]. The cause of death was said to be [[pneumonia]] - accustomed to working in bed till noon, he may have suffered a detrimental effect on his health due to Christina's demands for early morning study. Others believe that Descartes may have contracted pneumonia as result of nursing a French ambassador, ill with aforementioned disease, back to health. [http://oregonstate.edu/instruct/phl302/philosophers/descartes.html] However, letters to and from the doctor [[Eike Pies]] have recently been discovered which indicate that Descartes may have been poisoned using [[arsenic]]. In [[1667]], the [[Pope]] placed his works on the [[Index Librorum Prohibitorum|Index of Prohibited Books]]. As a [[Catholic]] in a [[Protestant]] nation, he was interred in a graveyard mainly used for unbaptized infants in [[Adolf Fredrikskyrkan]] in Stockholm. Later, his remains were taken to France and buried in the church of [[Sainte-Geneviève-du-Mont]] in [[Paris]]. His memorial erected in the 18th century remains in the Swedish church. During the [[French Revolution]], his remains were disinterred for burial in the [[Panthéon, Paris|Panthéon]] among the great French thinkers. The village in the [[Loire Valley]] where he was born was renamed ''La Haye - Descartes'' in [[1802]], which was shortened to "Descartes" in [[1967]]. Currently his tomb is in [[Saint-Germain-des-Prés]]' church in Paris. ==Philosophical work== Descartes is often regarded as the first modern thinker to provide a philosophical framework for the [[natural sciences]] as these began to develop. In his ''[[Meditations on First Philosophy]]'' he attempts to arrive at a fundamental set of principles that one can know as true without any doubt. To achieve this, he employs a method called [[methodological skepticism]]: he doubts any idea that can be doubted. He gives the example of dreaming: in a dream, one's senses perceive stimuli that seem real, but do not actually exist. Thus, one cannot rely on the data of the senses as necessarily true. Or, perhaps an "evil [[Evil Daemon|demon]]" exists: a supremely powerful and cunning being who sets out to try to deceive Descartes from knowing the true nature of reality. Given these possibilities, what can one know for certain? Initially, Descartes arrives at only a single principle: if I am being deceived, then surely "I" must exist. Most famously, this is known as ''[[cogito ergo sum]]'', ("I think, therefore I am"). (These words do not appear in the ''Meditations'', although he had written them in his earlier work ''Discourse on Method''). Note; Descartes was also sceptical of memory, as that has also been known to be manipulated, and can be doubted, so the 'cogito' argument can only apply to the present. The phrase is therefore more accurately (but less famously) translated as; "I am thinking, therefore I exist" Therefore, Descartes concludes that he can be certain that he exists. But in what form? He perceives his body through the use of the senses; however, these have previously been proven unreliable. So Descartes concludes that the only undoubtable knowledge is that he is a ''thinking thing''. Thinking is his essence as it is the only thing about him that cannot be doubted. Descartes defines "thought" (''cogitatio'') as "what happens in me such that I am immediately conscious of it, insofar as I am conscious of it". Thinking is thus every activity of a person of which he is immediately [[Consciousness|conscious]]. To further demonstrate the limitations of the senses, Descartes proceeds with what is known as the ''Wax Argument''. He considers a piece of wax: his senses inform him that it has certain characteristics, such as shape, texture, size, color, smell, and so forth. When he brings the wax towards a flame, these characteristics change completely. However, it seems that it is still the same thing: it is still a piece of wax, even though the data of the senses inform him that all of its characteristics are different. Therefore, in order to properly grasp the nature of the wax, he cannot use the senses: he must use his mind. Descartes concludes: :"Thus what I thought I had seen with my eyes, I actually grasped solely with the faculty of judgment, which is in my mind." In this manner, Descartes proceeds to construct a system of knowledge, discarding [[perception]] as unreliable and instead admitting only [[deduction]] as a method. Halfway through the ''Meditations'', he offers an [[ontological proof]] of a [[benevolent]] [[God]] (through both the [[ontological argument]] and [[trademark argument]]). Because God is benevolent, he can have some faith in the account of reality his senses provide him, for God has provided him with a working mind and [[sensory system]] and does not desire to deceive him; however, this is a contentious argument, as his very notion of a benevolent God from which he developed this argument is easily subject to the same kind of doubt as his perceptions. From this supposition, however, he finally establishes the possibility of acquiring knowledge about the world based on deduction ''and'' perception. In terms of [[epistemology]] therefore, he can be said to have contributed such ideas as a rigorous conception of [[foundationalism]] and the possibility that [[reason]] is the only reliable method of attaining knowledge, as others said before him, though not as clearly as he did, and the [[rationalist]] answer to [[scepticism]] which other rationalists have elaborated on. In Descartes' system, knowledge takes the form of ideas, and philosophical investigation is the contemplation of these ideas. This concept would influence subsequent [[internalism|internalist]] movements as Descartes' epistemology requires that a connection made by conscious awareness will distinguish knowledge from falsity. As a result of his Cartesian doubt, he sought for knowledge to be "incapable of being destroyed", in order to construct an unshakeable ground from which all other knowledge can be based on. The first item of unshakeable knowledge that Descartes argues for is the aforementioned ''cogito'', or thinking thing. Descartes also wrote a response to [[External world skepticism#Motivations for external world skepticism|skepticism about the existence of the external world]]. He argues that [[sensory perception]]s come to him involuntarily, and are not willed by him. They are external to his senses, and according to Descartes, this is evidence of the existence of something outside of his mind, and thus, an external world. Descartes goes on to show that the things in the external world are material by arguing that since God would not deceive him as to the ideas that are being transmitted, and that God has given him the "propensity" to believe that such ideas are caused by material things. Sceptics have responded to Descartes' proof for the external world by positing a [[brain in a vat]] thought experiment, in that Descartes' brain may be connected up to a machine which simulates all of these perceptions. ==Mathematical legacy== Descartes's theory provided the basis for the calculus of [[Isaac Newton|Newton]] and [[Gottfried Leibniz|Leibniz]], by applying [[infinitesimal calculus]] to the [[tangent problem]], thus permitting the evolution of that branch of modern mathematics <ref>{{cite book|first=Jan|last=Gullberg|year=1997|title=Mathematics From The Birth Of Numbers|location=|publisher=W. W. Norton|id=ISBN 0-393-04002-X}}</ref>. This appears even more astounding considering that the work was just intended as an ''example'' to his ''Discours de la méthode pour bien conduire sa raison, et chercher la verité dans les sciences'' (''Discourse on the Method to Rightly Conduct the Reason and Search for the Truth in Sciences'', known better under the shortened title ''Discours de la méthode''). [[Descartes' rule of signs]] is also a commonly used method in modern mathematics to determine possible quantities of positive and negative zeros of a function. Descartes also made contributions in the field of [[optics]]; for instance, he showed by [[geometrical construction]] using the [[Law of Refraction]] that the angular radius of a rainbow is 42° (i.e. the angle subtended at the eye by the edge of the rainbow and the ray passing from the sun through the rainbow's centre is 42°). <ref>{{cite book|last=Tipler|first=P. A. and G. Mosca|year=2004|title=Physics For Scientists And Engineers|location=|publisher=W. H. Freeman|id=ISBN 0-7167-4389-2}}</ref> == Writings by Descartes== * 1618. ''Compendium Musicae''. A treatise on music theory and the aesthetics of music written for Descartes' early collaborator Isaac Beeckman. * 1626–1628. ''Regulae ad directionem ingenii'' (''[[Rules for the Direction of the Mind]]''). Incomplete. First published posthumously in 1684. The best critical edition, which includes an early Dutch translation, is edited by Giovanni Crapulli (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1966). * 1630–1633. ''Le Monde'' (''The World'') and ''L'Homme'' (''Man''). Descartes' first systematic presentation of his natural philosophy. ''Man'' was first published in Latin translation in 1662; ''The World'' in 1664. * 1637. ''Discours de la méthode'' (''[[Discourse on Method]]''). An introduction to the ''Essais'', which include the ''Dioptrique'', the ''Météores'' and the ''Géométrie''. * 1637. ''[[La Géométrie]]'' (''Geometry''). Descartes' major work in mathematics. There is an English translation by Michael Mahoney (New York: Dover, 1979). * 1641. ''Meditationes de prima philosophia'' (''[[Meditations on First Philosophy]]''), also known as ''Metaphysical Meditations''. In Latin; a French translation, probably done without Descartes' supervision, was published in 1647. Includes six [[Meditations on First Philosophy#Objections and replies|Objections and Replies]]. A second edition, published the following year, included an additional objection and reply, and a ''Letter to Dinet''. * 1644. ''Principia philosophiae'' (''[[Principles of Philosophy]]''). A Latin textbook at first intended by Descartes to replace the Aristotelian textbooks then used in universities. A French translation, ''Principes de philosophie'' by Claude Picot, under the supervision of Descartes, appeared in 1647 with a letter-preface to [[Queen Christina of Sweden]]. * 1647. ''Notae in programma'' (''Comments on a Certain Broadsheet''). A reply to Descartes' one-time disciple Henricus Regius. * 1647. ''[[The Description of the Human Body]]''. Published posthumously. * 1648. ''Responsiones Renati Des Cartes…'' (''Conversation with Burman''). Notes on a Q&A session between Descartes and Frans Burman on 16 April 1648. Rediscovered in 1895 and published for the first time in 1896. An annotated bilingual edition (Latin with French translation), edited by Jean-Marie Beyssade, was published in 1981 (Paris: PUF). * 1649. ''Les passions de l'âme'' (''[[Passions of the Soul]]''). Dedicated to Princess Elizabeth of Bohemia. * 1657. ''Correspondance''. Published by Descartes' literary executor Claude Clerselier. The third edition, in 1667, was the most complete; Clerselier omitted, however, much of the material pertaining to mathematics. ==See also== {{wikisource author}} {{wikiquote}} *[[Dualistic interactionism]] *[[Baruch Spinoza]] *[[3587 Descartes|Asteroid 3587 Descartes]], named after the philosopher *[[Defect (geometry)]] *[[Analytic geometry]] *[[Cartesian coordinate system]] *[[Folium of Descartes]] ==References== Collected works in French: * 1983. ''Oeuvres de Descartes'' in 11 vols. Adam, Charles, and Tannery, Paul, eds. Paris: Librairie Philosophique Vrin. Collected English translations: * 1988. ''The Philosophical Writings Of Descartes'' in 3 vols. Cottingham, J., Stoothoff, R., Kenny, A., and Murdoch, D., trans. Cambridge University Press. Single works: * 1618. ''Compendium Musicae''. * 1628. ''[[Rules for the Direction of the Mind]]''. * 1637. ''[[Discourse on Method]]'' (‘’Discours de la Methode’’). An introduction to ''Dioptrique'', ''Des Météores'' and ''La Géométrie''. Original in French, because intended for a wider public. * 1637. ''[[La Géométrie]]''. Smith, David E., and Lantham, M. L., trans., 1954. ''The Geometry of René Descartes''. Dover. * 1641. ''[[Meditations on First Philosophy]]''. Cottingham, J., trans., 1996. Cambridge University Press. Latin original. Alternative English title: ''Metaphysical Meditations''. Includes six ''Objections and Replies''. A second edition published the following year, includes an additional ‘’Objection and Reply’’ and a ''Letter to Dinet''. [http://www.wright.edu/cola/descartes/intro.html HTML Online Latin-French-English Edition] * 1644. ''Les Principes de la philosophie''. Miller, V. R. and R. P., trans., 1983. ''Principles of Philosophy''. Reidel. * 1647. ''Comments on a Certain Broadsheet''. * 1647. ''[[The Description of the Human Body]]''. * 1648. ''Conversation with Burman''. * 1649. ''Passions of the Soul''. Voss, S. H., trans., 1989. Indianapolis: Hackett. Dedicated to Princess Elizabeth of Bohemia. Secondary literature: *{{cite book|last=Keeling|first=S. V.|year=1968|title=Descartes|location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press|id=ISBN }} *{{cite book|last=Boyer|first=Carl|year=1985|title=A History of Mathematics|location=Princeton, NJ |publisher=Princeton University Press|id=ISBN 0-691-02391-3}} *Farrell, John. “Demons of Descartes and Hobbes.” ''Paranoia and Modernity: Cervantes to Rousseau'' (Cornell UP, 2006), chapter seven. *{{cite book|last=Sorrell|first=Tom|year=1987|title=Descartes|location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press.|id=ISBN 0-19-287636-8}} *{{cite book|last=Costabel|first=Pierre|year=1987|title=Rene Descartes - Exercises pour les elements des solides |location=Paris|publisher=Presses Universitaires de France|id=ISBN 2-13-040099-X}} *{{cite book|last=Cottingham|first=John |year=1992|title=The Cambridge Companion to Descartes|location=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press|id=ISBN 0-521-36696-8}} *{{cite book|last=Garber|first=Daniel|year=1992|title=Descartes' Metaphysical Physics|location=Chicago |publisher=University of Chicago Press|id=ISBN 0-226-28219-8}} *{{cite book|last=Gaukroger|first=Stephen|year=1995|title=Descartes: An Intellectual Biography|location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press|id=ISBN 0-19-823994-7}} *{{cite book|last=Garber|first=Daniel|coauthors=Michael Ayers|year=1998|title=The Cambridge History of Seventeenth-Century Philosophy |location=Cambridge | publisher=Cambridge University Press| id=ISBN 0-521-53721-5}} *{{cite book|last=Melchert|first=Norman|year=2002|title=The Great Conversation: A Historical Introduction to Philosophy|location=New York |publisher=McGraw Hill|id=ISBN 0-19-517510-7}} ==Footnotes== # Keeling (1968). # Cottingham et al. (1988). <references /> Citations: [http://www.wright.edu/cola/descartes/mede.html] ==External links== *[http://www.incipitblog.com/index.php/2005/06/01/rene-descartes-discours-de-la-methode-1637/ French Audio Book (mp3)]: excerpt about animals/machines from Discourse On the Method *[http://gutenberg.net/etext/59 Discourse On the Method] – at [[Project Gutenberg]] *[http://gutenberg.net/etext/4391 Selections from the Principles of Philosophy] – at [[Project Gutenberg]] *[http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Descartes.html Detailed biography of Descartes] *[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04744b.htm CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Rene Descartes] *[http://www.earlymoderntexts.com/ More easily readable versions of Meditations, Discourse on the Method, and the Objections to the Meditations and Descartes's Replies.] *[http://www.borishennig.de/texte/descartes/diss Conscientia in Descartes] *[http://web.uct.ac.za/depts/philosophy/phi212s_descartes.htm Descartes and Ryle (lecture notes)] *[http://www.new-science-theory.com/rene-descartes.html The science of Rene Descartes] ===Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy=== *[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/descartes-epistemology/ Descartes' Epistemology] *[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/descartes-ethics/ Descartes' Ethics] *[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/descartes-works/ Descartes' Life and Works] *[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/descartes-modal/ Descartes' Modal Metaphysics] *[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/descartes-ontological/ Descartes' Ontological Argument] *[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/pineal-gland/ Descartes and the Pineal Gland] ===Further references=== * [http://www.cartesius.net/ Centro di Studi su Descartes e il Seicento], containing the Bulletin Cartésian online * [http://www.cec.paris4.sorbonne.fr/ Centre d'études cartésiennes], Paris IV Sorbonne * [http://www.modernthought.unibuc.ro/ Research Centre for the Foundations of Modern Thought], University of Bucharest [[Category:1596 births|Descartes, Rene]] [[Category:1650 deaths|Descartes, Rene]] [[Category:17th century mathematicians|Descartes, Rene]] [[Category:Christian philosophers|Descartes, Rene]] [[Category:Consciousness studies|Descartes, Rene]] [[Category:Dynamicists|Descartes, Rene]] [[Category:Early modern philosophers|Descartes, Rene]] [[Category:French mathematicians|Descartes, Rene]] [[Category:French philosophers|Descartes, Rene]] [[Category:History of neuroscience|Descartes, Rene]] [[Category:Philosophers of mind|Descartes, Rene]] [[Category:Natives of Indre-et-Loire|Descartes, Rene]] [[Category:Rationalists|Descartes, Rene]] [[Category:Roman Catholic philosophers|Descartes, Rene]] [[Category:Roman Catholic scientists|Descartes, Rene]] [[Category:René Descartes|*]] [[af:René Descartes]] [[ar:رينيه ديكارت]] [[bg:Рене Декарт]] [[bn:রেনে দেকার্ত]] [[bs:René Descartes]] [[ca:René Descartes]] [[cs:René Descartes]] [[cy:René Descartes]] [[da:René Descartes]] [[de:René Descartes]] [[et:René Descartes]] [[es:René Descartes]] [[eo:Rene Descartes]] [[eu:Rene Descartes]] [[fa:رنه دکارت]] [[fr:René Descartes]] [[ga:René Descartes]] [[gl:René Descartes]] [[ko:르네 데카르트]] [[hr:René Descartes]] [[io:René Descartes]] [[id:Rene Descartes]] [[is:René Descartes]] [[it:René Descartes]] [[he:רנה דקארט]] [[la:Renatus Cartesius]] [[lt:Renė Dekartas]] [[li:René Descartes]] [[hu:René Descartes]] [[mk:Рене Декарт]] [[nl:René Descartes]] [[ja:ルネ・デカルト]] [[no:René Descartes]] [[pl:Kartezjusz]] [[pt:René Descartes]] [[ro:René Descartes]] [[ru:Декарт, Рене]] [[scn:Cartesiu]] [[simple:René Descartes]] [[sk:René Descartes]] [[sl:René Descartes]] [[sr:Рене Декарт]] [[fi:René Descartes]] [[sv:René Descartes]] [[ta:ரேனே டெஸ்கார்ட்டஸ்]] [[th:เรอเน เดส์การตส์]] [[vi:René Descartes]] [[tr:René Descartes]] [[uk:Декарт Рене]] [[ur:رینے دیکارت]] [[yi:רענע דעקארט]] [[zh:笛卡尔]] Akbar 473 1213 2006-10-17T04:10:06Z 130.54.12.243 {{translation}} The "Iqbal-nama" events of the last three years of his life can be referenced by adding <ref name="Iqnama"> --> {{otheruses}} {| cellpadding=3px cellspacing=0px class="toccolours" style="float:right; border:1px #CCCCCC solid; margin:5px" |+ <big>'''Akbar'''</big> |colspan=2 align=center style="border-top:1px #CCCCCC solid"|[[Image:Akbar - Project Gutenberg eText 14134.jpg|200px]] |- |align=left style="border-top:1px #CCCCCC solid"|'''Birth name:'''||style="border-top:1px #CCCCCC solid"|Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar |- |align=left style="border-top:1px #CCCCCC solid"|'''Family name:'''||style="border-top:1px #CCCCCC solid"|[[Timurid]] |- |align=left style="border-top:1px #CCCCCC solid"|'''Title:'''||style="border-top:1px #CCCCCC solid"|[[Emperor]] of [[Mughal Empire]] |- |align=left style="border-top:1px #CCCCCC solid"|'''Birth:'''||style="border-top:1px #CCCCCC solid"|[[October 15]] [[1542]] |- |align=left style="border-top:1px #CCCCCC solid"|'''Place of birth:'''||style="border-top:1px #CCCCCC solid"|[[Umarkot]], [[Sindh]] |- |align=left style="border-top:1px #CCCCCC solid"|'''Death:'''||style="border-top:1px #CCCCCC solid"|[[October 27]] [[1605]] |- |align=left style="border-top:1px #CCCCCC solid"|'''Succeeded by:'''||style="border-top:1px #CCCCCC solid"|[[Jahangir]] |- |align=left style="border-top:1px #CCCCCC solid"|'''Marriage:'''||style="border-top:1px #CCCCCC solid"| [[Jodhabai]] (?) or [[Jodhi Bibi]] [[Mariam-uz-Zamani]] [[Ruqayya Sultan Begum]] [[Sakina Banu Begum]] [[Salima Sultan Begum]] |- |align=left style="border-top:1px #CCCCCC solid"|'''Children:'''||style="border-top:1px #CCCCCC solid"| [[Jahangir]], son [[Shah Murad]], son [[Danyal]], son [[Shahzada Khanim]], daughter [[Shakarunnisa Begum]], daughter [[Aram Banu Begum]], daughter [[Ximini Begum]], daughter |} '''Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar''' ([[Persian language|Persian]]: جلال الدین محمد اکبر), (alternative spellings include ''Jellaladin'', ''Celalettin'') also known as '''''Akbar [[the Great]]''''' ('''''Akbar-e-Azam''''') ([[October 15]] [[1542]] – [[October 27]] [[1605]]) was the son of [[Humayun]] whom he succeeded to become ruler of the [[Mughal Empire]] from 1556 until 1605. Though only 13 when he ascended to the throne, he is widely considered the greatest of the Mughal emperors.<ref>[http://www.skidmore.edu/academics/arthistory/ah369/Intropg2.htm Women of the Mughal Dynasty] - Deborah Hutton - 2002 - [[Skidmore College]].</ref><ref>[http://www.boloji.com/history/022.htm History of India] The Nine Gems of Akbar - Neria Harish Hebbar, MD - Saturday, April 5 2003</ref> During his reign, he eliminated external military threats from the Afghan descendants of [[Sher Shah]] (an Afghan who was able to temporarily oust Humayun from 1540-1555), and at the [[Second Battle of Panipat]] defeated the [[Hindu]] leader [[Hemu]].<ref>[http://militaryhistory.about.com/b/a/124653.htm The Second Battle of Panipat] - Robert W. Martin - [[about.com]].</ref><ref name="AknamaVolII">Abul Fazl - Akbarnama Volume II</ref><ref name="avasthy">The life and times of Humayun, by Ishwari Prasad (1955, rev.1970)[http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Ishwari%20Prasad%20life%20and%20times%20of%20humayun&hl=en&lr=&oi=scholart]</ref> In addition to his military gains, the emperor solidified his rule by repealing the [[jizya]] tax on non-Muslims and courting the favor of the powerful [[Rajput]] caste, to the extent of marrying Rajput princesses.<ref name="AknamaVolII">Abul Fazl - Akbarnama Volume II</ref><ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/A/Akbar.asp Akbar] - The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition 2006</ref> However, Akbar's most lasting contributions were to the arts and to [[Indian religion]]. He initiated a large collection of literature, including the [[Akbar-nama]] and the Ain-i-Akbari, and incorporated art from around the world into the Mughal collections. He also commissioned the building of widely admired buildings, including the [[Panj Mahal]]. Having a greatly tolerant attitude toward religion, Akbar preserved Hindu temples. He also began a series of religious debates where [[Alim|Muslim scholars]] would debate religious matters with [[Sikh]]s, [[Hindu]]s, [[Carvaka]] atheists and even [[Jesuits]] from the Vatican. Also, he founded his own religion(Din-i-Elahi), the "Divine Faith"; the religion, however, amounted only to a form of [[personality cult]] for Akbar, and quickly dissolved after his death.<ref name="AknamaVolIII">Abul Fazl - Akbarnama Volume III</ref><ref name="AknamaVolII">Abul Fazl - Akbarnama Volume II</ref> ==Early years== Akbar was born on [[October 15]] [[1542]], at the [[Rajput]] Fortress of [[Umarkot]] in [[Sind]] where the Mughal Emperor [[Humayun]] and his recently wedded wife, [[Hamida Banu Begum]] were taking refuge. In 1540, Humayun had been driven into exile, following decisive battles, by the [[Afghan people|Afghan]] leader [[Sher Shah]].<ref name="Multiple5">S.K. Banjerji: "Humayun Badshah".</ref> Akbar did not go to Persia with his parents, and was raised for a time instead by his uncle Askari and his wife in the rugged country of [[Afghanistan]] rather than in the splendor of the [[Persian Empire|Persian]] court. He spent his youth learning to hunt, run and fight, but he never learned to read or write, the sole exception in Babur's line.<ref name="AknamaVolI">Abul Fazl - Akbarnama Volume I</ref> Nonetheless, Akbar matured into a well-informed ruler, with refined tastes in the arts, architecture and music, a love for literature, and a breadth of vision that tolerated other opinions. Following the chaos over the succession of Islam Shah (Sher Shah's son), Humayun reconquered Delhi in 1555, leading an army partly provided by his Persian ally [[Tahmasp I|Shah Tahmasp]]. Only a few months later, Humayun died from an accident. Akbar succeeded his father on [[February 14]], [[1556]], while in the midst of a war against Sikandar Shah for the reclamation of the Mughal throne. Here, in Kalanaur the 13 year old Akbar donned a golden robe and Dark Tiara and sat on a newly constructed platform, which still stands[http://punjabgovt.nic.in/government/gurdas1.GIF], and was proclaimed "Shahanshah" ([[Persian language|Persian]] for "King of Kings") == Clash with Hemu == Early into Akbar's career, he decided that he should eliminate the threat of [[Sher Shah]]'s dynasty, and decided to lead an army against the strongest of the three, [[Sikandar Shah Suri]], in the [[Punjab region|Punjab]]. He left the city of Delhi under the regency of [[Tardi Beg Khan]]. [[Sikandar Shah Suri]] presented no major concern for Akbar, and often withdrew from territory as Akbar approached; however, back in Delhi [[Hemu]], a low-[[caste]] Hindu warrior, succeeded in launching a surprise attack on the unprepared Tardi Beg Khan, who promptly fled the city. Hemu, who had launched the attack on behalf of [[Adil Shah Suri]], one of Sikandar's brothers, had won 22 successive battles and appointed himself ruler, or ''Raja Vikramaditya'', instead Adil Shah. Word of the capitulation of Delhi spread quickly to the new Mughal ruler, and he was advised to withdraw to [[Kabul]], which was relatively secure. However, Bairam Khan differed and urged Akbar to fight the invaders and reclaim the capital. Akbar sided with Bairam, and began to march on Delhi. In order to bolster troop morale, Akbar took the curious step of ordering that someone "prepare [[fireworks]] as a treat for the soldiers" and that one should "make an image of Hemu, fill it with gunpowder, and set it on fire". On the march forward, he was joined by Tardi Beg and his retreating troops, who also urged him to retreat to Kabul, but Akbar refused again; later, Bairam Khan had the former regent executed for cowardice, though [[Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak|Abul Fazl]] and [[Jahangir]] both record that they believed that Bairam Khan was merely using the retreat from Kabul as an excuse to eliminate a rival. On [[November 5]], 1556 Akbar's Mughal army defeated the numerically superior forces of General [[Hemu]] at the [[Second Battle of Panipat]], fifty miles north of [[Delhi]], thanks to a chance arrow into Hemu's eye. Hemu was brought before Akbar unconscious, and was beheaded. Some sources say that it was actually Bairam Khan who killed the man, but Akbar certainly did use the term "Ghazi", ''killer of Kafirs'', a term used by both [[Babur]], his grandfather, and [[Timur]] when fighting the [[Kafir]] (''non-Muslims'') in India. Hemu's head was sent to Kabul while his body was displayed on a type of gallows specially constructed to display this dead body. Even more gruesomely Akbar followed an old Khanate tradition, one which pre-dates even [[Genghis Khan]], and constructed a "victory pillar" made from the heads of the dead soldiers. The victory also left Akbar with over 1,500 [[war elephant]]s which he used to re-engage Sikandar Shah at the siege of Mankot. Sikandar surrendered and so was spared death, and lived the last remaining two years of his life on a large estate granted to him by Akbar. In 1557 the only other threat to Akbars rule, Adil Shah, brother of Sikandar, died during a battle in [[Bengal]]. Thus, by the time Akbar was 15 his rule over Hindustan was secured. ==Bairam Khan== Akbar was only 13 years old when he became emperor, and so his general ruled on his behalf till he came of age. The regency belonged to [[Bairam Khan]], a [[Shia]] [[Turkmen people|Turkoman]] noble who successfully dealt with [[pretender]]s to the throne and improved the discipline of the Mughal armies. He ensured power was centralised and was able to expand the empires boundaries with orders from the capital. These moves helped to consolidate Mughal power in the newly recovered empire. Respect for Bairam's regency was not, however, universal. There were many people plotting his demise in order to assume the apparent absolute rule they saw in him. Much was written, critically, of his religion. The majority of the early court were Sunni Muslims, and Bairam's Shia'ism was disliked. Bairam knew about this, and perhaps even to spite that, appointed a Shia Sheikh, [[Kamboj in Muslim and British Era#Shaikh Abdul Gadai Kamboh|Gadai]] to become the Administrator General, one of the more important roles in the empire. Further Bairam lived a rather opulent lifestyle, which appeared to be even more excessive than that of Akbar. The most serious of those opposed to Bairam was [[Maham Anga]], Akbar's aunt, chief nurse and mother of his foster brother, [[Adham Khan]]. Maham was both shrewd and manipulative and hoped to rule herself by proxy through her son. In March 1560 the pair of them urged Akbar to visit them in Delhi, leaving Bairam in the capital, [[Agra]]. While in Delhi Akbar was bombarded by people who told him he was now ready to take full control of the empire and to dismiss Bairam. He was persuaded to fund an excursion for Bairam to go on [[Hajj]] to [[Mecca]], which was to act, essentially, as a form of ostracism. Bairam was shocked at the news from Delhi, but was loyal to Akbar, and despite Akbars refusal to even meet with the General, refused the suggestions by some of his commanders to march on Delhi and "rescue" Akbar. Bairam left for Mecca, but was quickly met by an army sent by Adham Khan, but approved by Akbar, which was sent to "escort" him from the Mughal territories. Bairam saw this as the last straw, and led an attack on the army, but was captured and sent as a rebel back to Akbar to be sentenced. Bairam Khan, whose military genius had seen the Mughals regain their lands in India, who had served both Humayun and Akbar loyally, and laid the foundation for a strong empire, was now before the emperor as a prisoner. [[Maham Anga]] urged Akbar to execute Bairam, but Akbar refused. Instead, in defiance of Anga, he laid down full honours to the General, and gave him robes of honour, and agreed to fund him a proper Hajj excursion. However, shorlty after Bairam Khan's Hajj journey got underway, just before he reached the port city of [[Khambhat]] (then known as "Cambay") he encountered an Afghan whose father had been killed five years earlier in a battle led by Bairam. The Afgan saw a chance to reap vengeance, and promptly stabbed Bairam, who died on [[January 31]], [[1561]]. ==Adham Khan and Maham Anga== With the demise of Bairam Khan, Maham Anga saw an opportunity for herself, and attempted to wrest the control that Bairam had. Her attempts at absolute rule, however, were not particularly successful. In February 1561, her son Adham was sent to capture [[Malwa]], which was being incompetently ruled by [[Baz Bahadur]]. Baz Bahadur was a talented musician but had no ability to govern an area, and many of the people of the area had fled to Mughal territories, alerting the Mughals to the possibility of taking the area. As the army of Adham Khan approached Baz Bahadur fled, leaving behind his wealth and his wives in their [[Harem (household)|Harem]], and instructions that they were to be killed if the city of Sarangpur (''now a part of the [[Rajgarh District]]'') fell to the Mughals. However, despite the best attempts by the [[Eunuch]] in charge of the Harem, many of the women survived; even [[Rupmati]], who was famed through many of Baz Bahadurs songs for her beauty, survived multiple slash wounds to be captured by the invading Mughals. [[Image:Akbar as a boy.jpg|thumb|left|Akbar as a boy around 1557]] However, aside from this instance when he was thwarted, Adham engaged in some thoroughly grotesque abuses of the captured Harem and populace. The least attractive members of the women were brought before the senior members of the invading army and killed, as they drank alcohol, took opium pellets, and generally treated the event as if it were a festive occasion. Badauni records that on at least one occasion members present tried to stop the slaughter but were shackled. The slaughter was not only of the women in the harem, and Badauni records that "Sayyids and Sheikhs came out to meet him with their [[Qur'an]]s in hand, but Khan put them all to death and burnt them". Besides, Adham kept the vast majority of the wealth and captives for himself and sent a mere three elephants to his Emperor. Along with the elephants, Akbar received word of what Adham had done, and became enraged. He decided to ride out to Malwar himself, along with a small band of loyal soldiers, racing and beating a group of courtiers sent by Maham Anga to warn Adham of Akbar's rage. Adham became terrified and quickly begged for Akbar's forgiveness. Akbar forgave him, and received the booty he had seized. However, Adham secretly kept two of the women he decided were the most attractive in his own Harem. When Akbar found out about this, Maham Anga killed the women, fearing what they might reveal about Adham to Akbar. ==Restoration== While previous Muslim rulers, in particular the Mughal founder [[Babur]], allowed freedom of worship for Hindus and other religious groups, Akbar engaged in a policy of actively encouraging members of the varying religious groups to enter his government. In one instance, he persuaded the [[Kacchwaha]] Rajput rulers of [[Amber]](modern day [[Jaipur]]) into a matrimonial alliance: The King of Amber's daughter, Hira Kunwari, became Akbar's queen. She took the name [[Jodhabai]], and was the mother of Prince Salim, who later became the Mughal emperor [[Jahangir]]. Further, while other Muslim rulers had married Hindu wives, he was the first one to allow to fully practise their religion, not just without hindrance but with everything they needed in that regard. During his reign more than in any other Mughal ruler's, Hindus were employed in the [[Civil Service]]. He also married a Christian woman from Goa, [[Maryam]]. The other Rajput kingdoms also gave their daughters' hands to Akbar, until only two Rajput clans remained against him, the [[Sisodiya]]s of [[Mewar]] and [[Hada]]s ([[Chauhan]]s) of [[Ranthambore]]. The Rajputs were a famed group of Hindu warriors, who, like the Afghans took opium prior to battle to ward off fear. Entering into an alliance with these groups helped to secure Akbar's control, as for the next 100 years Rajput soldiers served on behalf of the Mughal empire. Finally [[Raja Man Singh]] of Amber went with Akbar to meet the Hada leader, [[Surjan Hada]], to effect an alliance. Surjan grudgingly accepted an alliance on the condition that Akbar did not marry any of his daughters. Surjan later moved his residence to [[Varanasi|Banaras]]. Akbar is recorded as saying "A monarch should be ever intent on conquest, lest his neighbours rise in arms against him", and he went on to expand the Mughal empire to include [[Malwa]] (1562), [[Gujarat]] (1572), [[Bengal]] (1574), [[Kabul]] (1581), [[Kashmir]] (1586), and [[Kandesh]] (1601), among others. Akbar installed a governor over each of the conquered provinces, under his authority. Akbar did not want to have his court tied too closely to the city of [[Delhi]]. He ordered the court moved to [[Fatehpur Sikri]], near [[Agra]], but when this site proved untenable, he set up a roaming camp that let him keep a close eye on what was happening throughout the empire. He developed and encouraged commerce, in part by abolishing religious restrictions on the conduct of business between Muslims and Hindus. Akbar's tax reforms were an especially noteworthy achievement, and formed the basis of the Mughal Empire's immense wealth in succeeding generations. His officials prepared a detailed and accurate cadaster (land register) noting each land parcel's soil quality, water access, etc., and then converted those characteristics to money, taking account of the different prevailing prices for various crops in each region of the Empire. This was a distinct improvement on earlier land tax systems, including the Egyptian and Roman ones, which had levied land taxes as an in-kind share of the harvest. By making land tax payments more accurately reflect the economic rent of the land in money rather than the actual harvest, Akbar's innovations had the effect of stimulating both investment in improvements and more productive use of the land. He also abolished the jizyah (a discriminatory tax on non-Muslims) and gave strict orders to prevent extortion by [[tax]] collectors. The salutary economic effect of these reforms was such that the revered Qing emperor Kang Xi adopted similar measures a century later in China, with similar success. ==Personality of Akbar== Akbar is said to have been a benevolent and wise ruler, a man of new ideas, and a sound judge of character. As a ruler, he was able to win the love and reverence of his subjects. [[Image:Akbar lg.jpg|thumb|150px|The court of Akbar, an illustration from Akbarnama]] [[Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak|Abul Fazal]], and even the hostile critic [[Badayuni]], described him as having a commanding personality. He was fearless in the chase as well as in the field of battle, and, "like [[Alexander the Great|Alexander]] of Macedon, was always ready to risk his life, regardless of political consequences". He often plunged his horse into the full-flooded river during the rainy seasons and safely crossed over to the other side. Though a mighty conqueror, he did not usually indulge in cruelty. He is said to have been affectionate towards his relatives. He pardoned his brother Hakim, who was a repented rebel. However, on some rare occasions, he dealt cruelly with the offenders, as is shown by his behavior towards his maternal uncle, Muazzam, and his foster-brother, Adam Khan. He is said to have been extremely moderate in his diet. According to records, he was fond of fruits and had little liking for meat, which he ceased to eat altogether in his later years. Many of the historians are of the opinion that Emperor Akbar possessed inordinate "lust" for women. It is also believed that he was an alcoholic as well. He had a harem of over 5000 women. : ... Akbar habitually drank hard. The good father had boldly dared to reprove the emperor sharply for his licentious relations with women. Akbar instead of resenting the priests audacity, blushingly excused himself. <ref> Page 81, "Akbar, The Great Mogul" by V.Smith Second Edition. Publishers S.Chand and Company Delhi 1958</ref> ==Views on religion== At the time of Akbar's rule, the Mughal Empire included both [[Hindu]]s and [[Muslim]]s. Profound differences separate the Islamic and Hindu faith. When Akbar commenced his rule, a majority of the subjects in the Mughal Empire were Hindus. However, the rulers of the empire were almost exclusively Muslim. In this highly polarized society, Akbar fostered tolerance for all religions. He not only appointed Hindus to high posts, but also tried to remove all distinctions between the Muslims and non-Muslims. He abolished the pilgrim tax in the eighth year and the [[jizya]] in the ninth year of his reign, and inaugurated a policy of universal toleration. He also enjoyed a good relationship with the [[Catholic Church]], who routinely sent [[Jesuit]] priests to debate in his court, and at least three of his Grandsons were baptized as Catholics (though they did become Muslim later in life). Akbar built a building called ''Ibadat Khana'' (House of Worship), where he encouraged religious debate. Originally, this debating house was open only to [[Sunni]]s, but following a series of petty squabbles which turned ugly, Akbar encouraged Hindus, [[Catholic]]s and even [[Carvaka|atheists]] to participate. He tried to reconcile the differences of both religions by creating a new faith called the [[Din-i-Ilahi]] ("Faith of the Divine"), which incorporated both 'pantheistic' versions of Islamic Sufism (most notably the Ibn Arabi's doctrine of 'Wahdat al Wajood' or Unity of existence )and 'bhakti' or devotional cults of Hinduism. Even some elements of [[Christianity]] - like crosses, [[Zoroastrianism]]- fire worship and [[Jainism]] were amalgamated in the new religion. Akbar the Great was particularly famed for this. Akbar was greatly influenced by the teachings of JainAcharyaHir Vijay Suri and Jin Chandra Suri.Akbar gave up non-vegetarian food by their influence.Akbar declared "Amari" or non-killing of animals in the holy days of Jains like Paryushan and Mahavir Jayanti.He rolled back Zazia Tax from Jain Pilgrim places like Palitana. This faith, however, was not for the masses. In fact, the only "converts" to this new religion were the upper nobility of Akbar's court. Historians have so far been able to identify only 18 members of this new religion. He also married several Hindu princesses, though many consider that to be politically motivated rather than a genuine attempt at religious reconciliation. Akbar passed [[decrees]] against [[child marriage]] and [[sati (practice)|sati]]. [citation needed] Akbar's move to start the pseudo religion of Din-I-Ilahi was a brilliant move to wrest absolute power from the islamic clergy to the monarchy and establish the king as the supreme authority. Akbar was greatly fond of big game hunting. In this regard, it is doubtful that he even contemplated vegetarianism. ==Patron of arts and literature== Although Akbar was [[Illiteracy|illiterate]], he had a fine literary taste. He took interest in [[philosophy]], [[theology]], history, and politics. He maintained a library full of books on various subjects, and was fond of the society of scholars, poets and philosophers, who read books to him aloud, and thus enabled him to be conversant with [[Sufi]], Christian, [[Zoroastrian]], Hindu and Jain literature. He used to invite scholars from different religions for discussions with him. In his book, "Akbar, The Great Mogul" Vincent Smith wrote that "anybody who heard him arguing with acuteness and lucidity on a subject of debate would have credited him with wide literary knowledge and profound erudition and never would have suspected him of illiteracy". He was a patron to many literary figures, including the brothers [[Feizi]] and [[Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak|Abul-Fazel]]. The former was commissioned by Akbar to translate a number of [[Sanskrit]] scientific works into [[Persian language|Persian]]; and the latter produced the [[Akbarnama]], an enduring record of the emperor's reign. It is also said that Akbar employed [[Jerome Xavier]] (nephew of [[Francis Xavier]]) , a [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] missionary, to translate the four [[Gospel]]s of the [[New Testament]] into Persian. He commissioned the Tarikh-i-Alfi, or "The History of a Thousand Years" to celebrate the year 1000 (1591-92CE) on the Muslim calendar, though only about thirty of the original hundreds of paintings and pages of the manuscript now remain. Akbar also possessed a fair taste of art, architecture and mechanical works. Many pieces, including the magnificent [[Hamzanama]], were produced under Akbar. Akbar is also credited with many inventions and improvements in the manufacture of [[matchlock]]s. He built a vast administrative machinery on a detailed plan. He looked, as we know from the [[Ain-i-Akbari]], "upon the smallest details as mirrors capable of reflecting a comprehensive outline''. ==Akbar and Science== Akbar had absolutely no interest in the physical sciences. Even a printed Gutenberg bible presented to him by the Portuguese aroused no interest. Hence, India's steep decline in sciences which began with the advent of the Islamic invasions continued unabated even under the most progressive of all the Mughals. ==''Navratnas''== As with many Indian rulers Akbar's court had ''[[Navaratnas]]'' ("Nine Jewels"), a term denoting a group of nine extraordinary people. Akbar's Navratnas were: * [[Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak|Abul-Fazel]] - Akbars's chief advisor and author of [[Akbarnama]], Akbar's biography * [[Faizi]] * [[Tansen|Mian Tansen]] - known for his voice and music * [[Birbal]] - known for great wit * [[Raja Todar Mal]] * [[Raja Man Singh]] * [[Abdul Rahim Khan-I-Khana]] * [[Fakir Aziao-Din]] * [[Mullah Do Piaza]] * [[Baiju Bawara]] ==Final years== The last few years of Akbar's reign were troubled by the misconduct of his sons. Two of them died in their youth, the victims of [[alcoholism|intemperance]]. The third, Salim, later known as [[Emperor]] [[Jahangir]], was frequently in rebellion against his father. [[Asirgarh]], a fort in the [[Deccan]], proved to be the last conquest of Akbar, taken in 1599 as he proceeded north to face his son's rebellion. Reportedly, Akbar keenly felt these calamities, and they may even have affected his health and hastened his death, which occurred in Agra. His body was interned in a magnificent mausoleum at Sikandra, near Agra. ==Akbar in media== *Akbar was portrayed in the [[Hindi]] movie ''[[Mughal-e-Azam]]'', in which he was played by [[Prithviraj Kapoor]]. *Akbar and Birbal were portrayed in the [[Hindi]] series ''Akbar-Birbal'' aired on [[Zee TV]] in late 1990s. *A television series, called ''Akbar the Great'', directed by [[Sanjay Khan]] was aired on [[Doordarshan]] in the 1990s. *[[Ashutosh Gowariker]] is making a film on Akbar and his wife Jodha bai entitled ''[[Akbar-Jodha]]''. * A fictionalized Akbar plays an important supporting role in Kim Stanley Robinson's 2002 novel, ''[[The Years of Rice and Salt]]''. * [[Amartya Sen]] uses Akbar has a prime example in his books ''[[The Argumentative Indian]]'' and ''Violence and Identity''. * [[Bertrice Small]] is known for incorporating historical figures as primary characters in her romance novels, and Akbar is no exception. He is a prominent figure in two of her novels, and mentioned several times in a third, which takes place after his death. In ''This Heart of Mine'' the heroine becomes Akbar's fortieth "wife" for a time, while ''Wild Jasmine'' and ''Darling Jasmine'' centre around the life of his half-British daughter. == See also == *[[Mughal Emperor]] *[[List of people known as The Great]] *[[Banarasidas|The Death of Akbar]] *[[Akbarnama|The Akbarnama]] ==Notes== <div class="references-small"><references/></div> ==References== * Abu al-Fazl ibn Mubarak ''Akbar-namah'' Edited with commentary by Muhammad Sadiq Ali (Kanpur-Lucknow: Nawal Kishore) 1881-3 Three Vols. ([[Persian Language|Persian]]) * Abu al-Fazl ibn Mubarak ''Akbarnamah'' Edited by Maulavi Abd al-Rahim. Bibliotheca Indica Series (Calcutta: Asiatic Society of Bengal) 1877-1887 Three Vols. ([[Persian Language|Persian]]) * Henry Beveridge (Trans.) ''The Akbarnama of Ab-ul-Fazl'' Bibliotheca Indica Series (Calcutta: Asiatic Society of Bengal) 1897 Three Vols. * Haji Muhammad 'Arif Qandahari ''Tarikh-i-Akbari (Better known as Tarikh-i-Qandahari)'' edited & Annotated by Haji Mu'in'd-Din Nadwi, Dr. Azhar 'Ali Dihlawi & Imtiyaz 'Ali 'Arshi (Rampur: Raza Library) 1962 ([[Persian Language|Persian]]) ==External links== * [http://www.i3pep.org/archives/2004/11/12/akbar/ Akbar] * [http://www.storyofpakistan.com/articletext.asp?artid=A014 Akbar's Reign] * {{gutenberg|no=14134|name=Akbar, Emperor of India, ''by Richard von Garbe, translated by Lydia G. Robinson''}} * [http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/MUGHAL/AKBAR.HTM The Mughals: Akbar] * [http://www.worldofbiography.com/9001%2DAkbar/ The Mughal Emperor Akbar : World of Biography] * [http://www.jamshedpurlive.com/i/h/genealogy.html Dastoor Meherji Rana] Genealogy {{start box}} {{succession box|title=[[List of Mughal emperors|Mughal Emperor]]|before=[[Humayun]]|after=[[Jahangir]]|years=1556–1605}} {{end box}} {{Persondata |NAME=Akbar |ALTERNATIVE NAMES=Akbar, Jalaluddin Muhammad (full name); Akbar, Jellaladin Muhammad (alternate form); Akbar, Celalettin Muhammad (alternate form); Akbar the Great (honorific); جلال الدین محمد اکب (Persian) |SHORT DESCRIPTION=Mughal emperor |DATE OF BIRTH=[[October 15]] [[1542]] |PLACE OF BIRTH=[[Sindh]], [[Pakistan]] |DATE OF DEATH=[[October 27]] [[1605]] |PLACE OF DEATH=[[Agra]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]] }} [[Category:Mughal emperors]] [[Category:Muslims]] [[Category:Polygamists]] [[Category:1542 births]] [[Category:1605 deaths]] [[ar:جلال الدين أكبر]] [[ast:Akbar]] [[bn:আকবর]] [[bs:Akbar Veliki]] [[ca:Akbar el Gran]] [[da:Akbar]] [[de:Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar]] [[es:Akbar]] [[eo:Akbar]] [[eu:Akbar]] [[fr:Akbar]] [[gl:Akbar]] [[hy:Աքբար Մեծ]] [[io:Akbar]] [[id:Akbar yang Agung]] [[is:Akbar mikli]] [[it:Akbar Imperatore dell'India]] [[he:אכבר]] [[ku:Ekberê Mezin]] [[li:Akbar de Groete]] [[ms:Akbar Agung]] [[nl:Akbar]] [[ja:アクバル]] [[no:Akbar den store]] [[nds:Akbar]] [[pl:Akbar]] [[pt:Akbar]] [[ru:Акбар Великий]] [[scn:Akbar lu Granni]] [[simple:Akbar the Great]] [[sr:Акбар Велики]] [[sh:Akbar Veliki]] [[fi:Akbar]] [[sv:Akbar den store]] [[ur:اکبر اعظم]] [[zh:阿克巴]] Baybay tan Sagor na Luzon 474 1220 2006-10-17T21:34:23Z Arikasikis 11 say [[Baybay tan Sagor na Luzon]] enyales paula ed [[Baybay ya Sagor na Luzon]] #REDIRECT [[Baybay ya Sagor na Luzon]] Baybay ya Sagor na Luzon 475 1224 2006-10-17T21:36:41Z Arikasikis 11 say [[Baybay ya Sagor na Luzon]] enyales paula ed [[Sagor na Baybay na Luzon]] #REDIRECT [[Sagor na Baybay na Luzon]] Template:Pangasinan 476 1227 2006-10-17T21:46:48Z Arikasikis 11 <div style="text-align: center; clear:both; margin: 1.5em 0em"> {| id="toc" style="margin: auto; line-height: 1.5; font-size: smaller; text-align: left;" |- | colspan="2" style="background:#ccccff; font-size: larger;" align="center" | '''[[Siyudad]] san [[Baley]] na [[Luyag na Pangasinan]]''' |- |style="padding:0px 5px" align="right"|'''Saray Siyudad:''' |style="padding:0px 5px" | [[Alaminos City]] | [[Dagupan City]] | [[San Carlos City, Pangasinan]] | [[Urdaneta City]] |- |style="padding:0px 5px" align="right"|'''Saray Baley:''' |style="padding:0px 5px" | [[Agno, Pangasinan|Agno]] | [[Aguilar, Pangasinan|Aguilar]] | [[Alcala, Pangasinan|Alcala]] | [[Anda, Pangasinan|Anda]] | [[Asingan, Pangasinan|Asingan]] | [[Balungao, Pangasinan|Balungao]] | [[Bani, Pangasinan|Bani]] | [[Basista, Pangasinan|Basista]] | [[Bautista, Pangasinan|Bautista]] | [[Bayambang, Pangasinan|Bayambang]] | [[Binalonan, Pangasinan|Binalonan]] | [[Binmaley, Pangasinan|Binmaley]] | [[Bolinao, Pangasinan|Bolinao]] | [[Bugallon, Pangasinan|Bugallon]] | [[Burgos, Pangasinan|Burgos]] | [[Calasiao, Pangasinan|Calasiao]] | [[Dasol, Pangasinan|Dasol]] | [[Infanta, Pangasinan|Infanta]] | [[Labrador, Pangasinan|Labrador]] | [[Laoac, Pangasinan|Laoac]] | [[Lingayen, Pangasinan|Lingayen]] | [[Mabini, Pangasinan|Mabini]] | [[Malasiqui, Pangasinan|Malasiqui]] | [[Manaoag, Pangasinan|Manaoag]] | [[Mangaldan, Pangasinan|Mangaldan]] | [[Mangatarem, Pangasinan|Mangatarem]] | [[Mapandan, Pangasinan|Mapandan]] | [[Natividad, Pangasinan|Natividad]] | [[Pozzorubio, Pangasinan|Pozzorubio]] | [[Rosales, Pangasinan|Rosales]] | [[San Fabian, Pangasinan|San Fabian]] | [[San Jacinto, Pangasinan|San Jacinto]] | [[San Manuel, Pangasinan|San Manuel]] | [[San Nicolas, Pangasinan|San Nicolas]] | [[San Quintin, Pangasinan|San Quintin]] | [[Santa Barbara, Pangasinan|Santa Barbara]] | [[Santa Maria, Pangasinan|Santa Maria]] | [[Santo Tomas, Pangasinan|Santo Tomas]] | [[Sison, Pangasinan|Sison]] | [[Sual, Pangasinan|Sual]] | [[Tayug, Pangasinan|Tayug]] | [[Umingan, Pangasinan|Umingan]] | [[Urbiztondo, Pangasinan|Urbiztondo]] | [[Villasis, Pangasinan|Villasis]] |} </div> Alaminos City 477 1233 2006-10-17T21:54:29Z Arikasikis 11 {{translation}} {{Infobox Philippine city | infoboxtitle = Alaminos City | locatormapfile = Ph_locator_pangasinan_alaminos.png | caption = Mapa na [[Luyag na Pangasinan]] ya nanengneng so location na Alaminos. | region = [[Sagor na Baybay na Luzon]] Region (Region I) | province = [[Pangasinan]] | districts = 1st district of Pangasinan| barangays = 39 | class = 5th class; partially urban | areakm2 = 137.00 | pop2000 = 73,448 | popden2000 = 536 | }} '''Alaminos City''' is a 5th class [[Philippine city|city]] in the [[Philippine province|province]] of [[Pangasinan province|Pangasinan]], [[Philippines]]. According to the [[2000]] census, it has a population of 73,448 people in 15,527 households. [[Hundred Islands National Park]], a tourism destination composed of 123 small islands, is located in Alaminos City. ==Barangays== Alaminos City is politically subdivided into 39 [[barangay]]s. <table border=0><tr> <td valign=top> * Alos * Amandiego * Amangbangan * Balangobong * Balayang * Bisocol * Bolaney * Baleyadaan * Bued * Cabatuan * Cayucay * Dulacac * Inerangan </td><td valign=top> * Linmansangan * Lucap * Macatiw * Magsaysay * Mona * Palamis * Pangapisan * Poblacion * Pocalpocal * Pogo * Polo * Quibuar * Sabangan </td><td valign=top> * San Jose * San Roque * San Vicente * Santa Maria * Tanaytay * Tangcarang * Tawintawin * Telbang * Victoria * Landoc * Maawi * Pandan * San Antonio </td></tr></table> ==External links== * [http://www.alaminoscity.com/ Community Website of the City of Alaminos] * [http://rotary.alaminoscity.info/ Official Website of the Rotary Club of the Hundred Islands, Alaminos City] * [http://www.alaminoscity.gov.ph/ Official Website of City Government of Alaminos] * [http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp Philippine Standard Geographic Code] * [http://www.t-macs.com/kiso/local/ 2000 Philippine Census Information] * [http://www.pangasinan.gov.ph Official Website of the Provincial Government of Pangasinan] * [http://www.dalityapi.com Pangasinan: Preservation and Revitalization of the Pangasinan Language and Literature] * [http://punch.dagupan.com Sunday Punch] * [http://www.kingfisher.edu.ph/ Kingfisher School of Business and Finance] * [http://www.sunstar.com.ph/pangasinan Sun Star Pangasinan] * [http://pangasinanstar.prepys.com Pangasinan Star Online] * [http://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Test-wp/pag Pangasinan Test Wikipedia] {{Pangasinan}} [[Category:Cities in the Philippines]] [[de:Alaminos (Pangasinan)]] [[ilo:Ciudad ti Alaminos]] [[nl:Alaminos City]] Template:Infobox Philippine city 478 1232 2006-10-17T21:52:30Z Arikasikis 11 {| class="toccolours" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em;" width="300px" |+colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: larger;"| '''{{{infoboxtitle}}}''' {{ #if: {{{sealfile|}}} | {{!}}- {{!}}colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"{{!}} [[Image:{{{sealfile}}}{{!}}center{{!}}100px{{!}}Official seal of {{{infoboxtitle}}}]] }} |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background: #e0e0e0;;"| '''Location''' |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 0.9em;"| [[Image:{{{locatormapfile}}}|250px|center|{{{caption}}}]]{{{caption}}} |- style="vertical-align:top;" | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background: #e0e0e0;;"| '''Government''' |- | width="100px" | '''[[Regions of the Philippines|Region]]''' | width="200px" | {{{region}}} |- style="vertical-align:top;" | '''[[Luyag]]''' | {{{province}}} |- style="vertical-align:top;" | '''[[House of Representatives of the Philippines#District Representation|District]]''' | {{{districts}}} |- style="vertical-align:top;" | '''Bilang na [[Barangay]]''' | {{{barangays}}} |- style="vertical-align:top;" | '''[[Cities of the Philippines#Classification|Income class]]:''' | {{{class}}} |- style="vertical-align:top;" | '''[[Mayor]]''' | {{{mayor}}} {{ #if: {{{founded|}}} | {{!}}- style="vertical-align:top;" {{!}} '''Founded''' {{!}} {{{founded}}} }} |- style="vertical-align:top;" | '''Cityhood''' | {{{cityhood}}} {{ #if: {{{website|}}} | {{!}}- style="vertical-align:top;" {{!}} '''[[Website|Official Website]]''' {{!}} {{{website}}} }} |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background: #e0e0e0;;"| '''Physical characteristics''' |- style="vertical-align:top;" {{ #if: {{{areakm2|}}} | {{!}} '''[[Awang]]''' {{!}} {{{areakm2}}} [[Square kilometre|km²]] }} |- style="vertical-align:top;" | '''[[Bilang na Too]]'''      Total ([[2000]]) {{ #if: {{{popden2000|}}} |      [[Population density|Density]] }} | {{{pop2000}}}{{ #if: {{{popden2000|}}} | {{{popden2000}}}/[[Square kilometre|km²]] }} {{ #if: {{{coordinates|}}} | {{!}}- style="vertical-align:top;" {{!}} '''[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]''' {{!}} {{{coordinates}}} }} |}<noinclude> [[Category:Coordinates templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:City infobox templates|Philippine city]] [[Category:Templates using ParserFunctions|{{PAGENAME}}]] </noinclude> San Carlos City, Pangasinan 479 1235 2006-10-17T21:57:02Z Arikasikis 11 {{Infobox Philippine city | infoboxtitle = San Carlos City | locatormapfile = Ph_locator_pangasinan_san carlos.png | caption = Mapa na [[Luyag na Pangasinan]] ya nanengneng so location na San Carlos. | region = [[Sagor na Baybay na Luzon]] Region (Region I) | province = [[Pangasinan]] | districts = 3rd district na Pangasinan | barangays = 86 | class = 2nd class| areakm2 = 169.00 | pop2000 = 154,364 | popden2000 = 913 | }} '''San Carlos City''' is a 2nd class [[Philippine city|city]] in the [[Philippine province|province]] of [[Pangasinan]], [[Philippines]]. According to the [[2000]] census, it has a population of 154,264 people in 28,025 households. ==Barangays== San Carlos City is politically subdivided into 86 [[barangay]]s (Fillipino units of government). <table border=0><tr> <td valign=top> * Abanon * Agdao * Anando * Ano * Antipangol * Aponit * Bacnar * Balaya * Balayong * Baldog * Balite Sur * Balococ * Bani * Bega * Bocboc * Bugallon-Posadas Street (Pob * Bogaoan * Bolingit * Bolosan * Bonifacio (Pob.) * Buenglat * Burgos Padlan (Pob.) * Cacaritan * Caingal * Calobaoan * Calomboyan * Capataan * Caoayan-Kiling * Cobol </td><td valign=top> * Coliling * Cruz * Doyong * Gamata * Guelew * Ilang * Inerangan * Isla * Libas * Lilimasan * Longos * Lucban (Pob.) * Mabalbalino * Mabini (Pob.) * Magtaking * Malacañang * Maliwara * Mamarlao * Manzon *Malong street * Matagdem * Mestizo Norte * Naguilayan * Nilentap * Padilla-Gomez * Pagal * Palaming * Palaris (Pob.) * Palospos * Pangalangan </td><td valign=top> * Pangoloan * Pangpang * Paitan-Panoypoy * Parayao * Payapa * Payar * Perez Boulevard (Pob.) * Polo * Quezon Boulevard (Pob.) * Quintong * Rizal (Pob.) * Roxas Boulevard (Pob.) * Salinap * San Juan * San Pedro-Taloy * Sapinit * PNR Station Site * Supo * Talang * Tamayo * Tandoc * Tarece * Tarectec * Tayambani * Tebag * Turac * M. Soriano St. * Tandang Sora </td></tr></table> ==External links== * [http://www.pangasinan.gov.ph Official Website of the Provincial Government of Pangasinan] * [http://www.dalityapi.com Pangasinan: Preservation and Revitalization of the Pangasinan Language and Literature] * [http://punch.dagupan.com Sunday Punch] * [http://www.sunstar.com.ph/pangasinan Sun Star Pangasinan] * [http://pangasinanstar.prepys.com Pangasinan Star Online] * [http://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Test-wp/pag Pangasinan Test Wikipedia] * [http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp Philippine Standard Geographic Code] * [http://www.t-macs.com/kiso/local/ 2000 Philippine Census Information] * [http://www.kingfisher.edu.ph/ Kingfisher School of Business and Finance] * [http://sancarloscity.blogspot.com/ San Carlos City Blogs || Panangaro] {{Pangasinan}} [[Category:Cities in the Philippines]] [[de:San Carlos (Pangasinan)]] [[fr:San Carlos]] [[ilo:Ciudad ti San Carlos]] [[nl:San Carlos City (Pangasinan)]] Urdaneta City 480 1240 2006-10-17T22:07:37Z Arikasikis 11 {{translation}} {{Infobox Philippine city | infoboxtitle = Urdaneta City | sealfile = | locatormapfile = Ph_locator_pangasinan_urdaneta.png | caption = Mapa na [[Pangasinan]] ya nanengneng so location na Urdaneta. | region = [[Sagor na Baybay na Luzon]] Region (Region I) | province = [[Pangasinan]] | district = [[5th district na Pangasinan]] | website = [http://www.urdaneta-city.gov.ph http://www.urdaneta-city.gov.ph ] | barangays = 34 | class = 2nd class, partially urban | mayor = Amadeo R. Perez Jr.| cityhood = [[March 21]], [[1998]] | areakm2 = 121.00 | pop2000 = 111,582 | popden2000 = 922 | }} '''Urdaneta City''' is a 2nd class [[Philippine city|city]] in the [[Philippine province|province]] of [[Pangasinan]], [[Philippines]]. According to the [[2000]] census, it has a population of 111,582 people in 22,908 households. The city has been identified by the Province of Pangasinan as a growth pole, thereby making the sorrounding localities as its satellite. ==Geography== The City of Urdaneta is located in eastern part of the Province of Pangasinan, situated on 15°56' to 16°0' latitude and 120°29' to 120°37' longitude. Traverse by the [[Manila North Road]] virtually bisecting the locality into the west and east side. The city is bounded north by the Municipality of Binalonan, south of villasis, east by Asingan and west by Sta. Barbara. The city is approximately 186 km. from [[Metro Manila]], 70 km. from [[Baguio]], and 40 km. from [[Lingayen]]. ==Historical Background== Other localities have legends of their own as to how their names evolved. Urdaneta differs. The Purists maintain that since the [[Spanish language|Spanish]] root word was organo, the correct name should have been "Organists". On the other hand, the Theorists are of the opinion that the original name of the city was "Organeta" meaning "little organ or unit" considering that at that time, the place was composed of portions of barrios of adjacent towns where travelers and traders converged. But the next issue that biweldered the concerned groups was whether the city was named after Fr. Andres Urdaneta or Fr. Simon de Urdaneta. While the archives of the National Library show that it was after Fr. Miguel de Urdaneta, some articles on the city's history envariably reffered to Fr. Simon de Urdaneta. Curiously noted historian Fr. Jose Ma. Gonzalez, author of "Labor Evangelica y Civilizadora delos Religioso en Pangasinan", was silent in this issue. ==Creation of the City== On January 10, 1998, the Philippine Congress enacted and passed R.A. 8480 converting the Municipality of Urdaneta as a component city of the Province of Pangasinan. The electorate in a plebiscite overhelmingly ratified this legislative act and the locality was proclaimed as a city on March 21, 1998. ==Establishments== Most commercial establishments in Urdaneta such as large department and variety stores, business and professional offices, hotels and theaters are found in brgy's Poblacion, Nancayasan and San Vicente. There are also food chains such as [[Jollibee]], [[McDonald's]], Cindys, [[Shakeys]], [[Chowking]] and [[KFC]]. And offices of multinational companies, among which are those of Coca-Cola Phils., Pepsi-Cola, San Miguel Corp. and Nestle products. There are also malls in the city such as Magic mall and CB mall. [[SM Prime Holdings]] want also to put up a mall in the city. ==Education== {| border="1" style="float:right; font-size:0.85em; background-color:#F0F8FF;" |+'''EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN URDANETA CITY''' ! SECONDARY PUBLIC SCHOOLS !! PRIVATE SCHOOLS |- | *Anonas N H S *Bactad East N H S *Badipa N H S *Cabaruan N H S *Cabuloan N H S *Camabu N H S *Camantiles N H S *Casabula N H S *Catablan N H S *Cayambanan N H S *Don Antonio Bongolan N H S *Don Mariano Q. Umipig N H S *Labit N H S *Lananpin N H S *Nancalobasaan N H S *Palina East N H S *Palina West N H S *Pedro T. Orata N H S *Urdaneta City N H S | *Divine Grace Montessori School *Sisonand Aruego Colleges *St. Andrew Montessori School *St. Francisof Urdaneta *St. Matthew Montessori School *St. Paul Christian Center *Tender Loving Care School *Urdaneta High School *Urdaneta School Of Commerce *Child Devt. Centerof Urdaneta Inc. *Divine Grace Montessori School *Homeschooled in City Of Urdaneta *Immaculate Heart Learning Center *Maranatha Christian Academy *Merry Land M S, Inc. *Metropolitan International Christian Academy *Michelli Maries M S *Mother Goose Spec. Science High School, Inc. *Motherof Graceof Urdaneta Inc. *Loving Heart Christian School *Lyceum Northern Luzon High School *North Woods Academy *Our Ladyofthe Lilies Academy |} Urdaneta city has more elementary schools and more high schools than any other cities and towns in Pangasinan.The city is a center of education in Eastern [[Pangasinan]] due to numerous tertiary institution, including: *Lyceum Northwestern University *Lyceum Northern Luzon *City College of Urdaneta *Pangasinan College of Science and Technology *Urdaneta College of Technology *Divine Word College of Urdaneta *Pangasinan State University *STI-Urdaneta *AMA-Urdaneta *ABE-International College of Business and Economics ==Notable Persons== *'''Dr. Pedro T. Orata''' - ORATA was born in Bangar, a remote sitio (section) of Barrio (village) Bactad, Urdaneta, in northern Pangasinan Province of the Philippines, on February 27, 1899. He was a Magsaysay Awardee and dubbed as the Father of barangay High Schools. *'''Danny Ildefonso''' - PBA player and two time MVP. ==Urdaneta tops in finances== [[Urdaneta City]] is now the cream of the crop. Based on the financial report released by the Commission on Audit for 2005, Urdaneta City is now the leading city not only in [[Pangasinan]] but in the Northwestern Luzon region in terms of net income, gross income, total assets and total equity. The COA report showed Urdaneta reported a net income of P132,107,000 with a gross income of P382,699,000 and expenses amounting to P250,582,000, considered only as the third highest among eight cities in the region. Urdaneta, which won its cityhood only in March 1998, had the highest total assets among all the region’s cities totaling P810,722,000, registering total equity of P693,166,000 with total liabilities of P117,546,000, among the lowest in the region so far. In contrast, [[Dagupan City]] the oldest city in Region 1 had the lowest net income among in the province and among eight Northwestern Luzon Region cities at P18,901,000, according to the COA financial report. Dagupan, however, registered the second highest total income at P357,404,000 but the report showed it is also the biggest spender among all eight cities, registering total expenditure amounting to P338,503,000 in 2005. Urdaneta and Dagupan City are the only second class cities in the Northwestern Luzon region today. But Urdaneta’s rise to second class from fourth class when it earned its city hood eight years ago is considered phenomenal. Dagupan trails Urdaneta in total assets at P713,760,000 but again it registered the highest total liabilities among all cities in the region at P372,420,000, placing its total equity to P341,340,000. ==Barangays== Urdaneta City is politically subdivided into 34 [[barangay]]s. <table border=0><tr> <td valign=top> * Anonas * Bactad East * Bactad Proper * Bayaoas * Bolaoen * Cabaruan * Cabuloan * Camanang * Camantiles * Casantaan * Catablan * Cayambanan </td><td valign=top> * Consolacion * Dilan Paurido * Labit Proper * Labit West * Mabanogbog * Macalong * Nancalobasaan * Nancamaliran East * Nancamaliran West * Nancayasan * Oltama </td><td valign=top> * Palina East * Palina West * Pinmaludpod * Poblacion * San Jose * San Vicente * Santa Lucia * Santo Domingo * Sugcong * Tipuso * Tulong </td></tr></table> ==External links== * [http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp Philippine Standard Geographic Code] * [http://www.pasyalan.net/pangasinan/ Pasyalan Pangasinan] * [http://www.t-macs.com/kiso/local/ 2000 Philippine Census Information] * [http://www.urdaneta-city.gov.ph/ Urdaneta City Official Website] * [http://www.pangasinan.gov.ph/towns/urdaneta.htm City of Urdaneta Brief History] * [http://www.pangasinan.gov.ph Official Website of the Provincial Government of Pangasinan] * [http://www.kingfisher.edu.ph/ Kingfisher School of Business and Finance] * [http://www.dalityapi.com Pangasinan: Preservation and Revitalization of the Pangasinan Language and Literature] * [http://punch.dagupan.com Sunday Punch] * [http://www.sunstar.com.ph/pangasinan Sun Star Pangasinan] * [http://pangasinanstar.prepys.com Pangasinan Star Online] * [http://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Test-wp/pag Pangasinan Test Wikipedia] {{Pangasinan}} [[Category:Cities in the Philippines]] [[de:Urdaneta (Pangasinan)]] [[ilo:Ciudad ti Urdaneta]] [[nl:Urdaneta City]] Aguilar, Pangasinan 481 1243 2006-10-18T00:16:44Z Arikasikis 11 {{translation}} [[Image:Ph_locator_pangasinan_aguilar.png|right|Map of Pangasinan showing the location of Aguilar]] '''Aguilar''' is a 4th class [[Philippine municipality|municipality]] in the [[Philippine province|province]] of [[Pangasinan]], [[Philippines]]. According to the [[2000]] census, it has a population of 33,213 people in 6,131 households. ==Barangays== Aguilar is politically subdivided into 16 [[barangay]]s. <table border=0><tr> <td valign=top> * Bayaoas * Baybay * Bocacliw * Bocboc East * Bocboc West * Buer * Calsib * Ninoy </td><td valign=top> * Poblacion * Pogomboa * Pogonsili * San Jose * Tampac * Laoag * Manlocboc * Panacol </td></tr></table> ==External links== * [http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp Philippine Standard Geographic Code] * [http://www.pasyalan.net/pangasinan/ Pasyalan Pangasinan] * [http://www.t-macs.com/kiso/local/ 2000 Philippine Census Information] * [http://www.pangasinan.gov.ph Official Website of the Provincial Government of Pangasinan] * [http://www.dalityapi.com Pangasinan: Preservation and Revitalization of the Pangasinan Language and Literature] * [http://punch.dagupan.com Sunday Punch] * [http://www.sunstar.com.ph/pangasinan Sun Star Pangasinan] * [http://pangasinanstar.prepys.com Pangasinan Star Online] * [http://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Test-wp/pag Pangasinan Test Wikipedia] {{Pangasinan}} [[Category:Municipalities of Pangasinan]] [[de:Aguilar (Philippinen)]] [[ilo:Aguilar, Pangasinan]] [[nl:Aguilar]] [[pam:Aguilar, Pangasinan]] Malasiqui, Pangasinan 482 1245 2006-10-18T00:18:06Z Arikasikis 11 {{translation}} [[Image:Ph_locator_pangasinan_malasiqui.png|right|Map of Pangasinan showing the location of Malasiqui]] '''Malasiqui''' is a 1st class [[Philippine municipality|municipality]] in the [[Philippine province|province]] of [[Pangasinan province|Pangasinan]], [[Philippines]]. According to the [[2000]] census, it has a population of 113,190 people in 20,798 households. It is mainly an agricultural municipality with rice, corn and tropical lowland vegetables as main crops. It is also famous for its mango fruits having one of the largest concentration of mango tree population in the Philippines. The word Malasiqui originates from the Pangasinan root word "lasi" meaning lightning. With prefix "ma' indicating high degree and suffix "qui" indicating place - Malasiqui means "place full of lightning". The municipality traces its origins during the middle of 17th century when Spanish friars opened a mission intended to convert the native population to Catholicism. There were no organized communities in the area before the Spaniards arrived. The present site was then heavily forested with small family groups scattered along banks of small rivers and creeks. The socio-political history of the municipality parallels that of the Pangasinan province and the country in general. Its history is punctuated by periods of foreign domination first by the Spanish, then by the Americans during the first half of the 20th century and briefly by the Japanese during the 2nd World War. The population participated heavily in some of bloodiest rebellions during the Spanish period. Catholicism and other Christian sects dominate the religious life of the people. Ethnically, it is one of the few places in the province of Pangasinan which did not experience in-migration from other regions. Consequently, Pangasinanse is the dominant ethnic group with almost no other groups mixing into the locality. The poblacion or town center, is recently experiencing high commercial growth spurred mainly by high consumer spending generated by increase in family incomes attributable to earnings of OFWs (Overseas Filipino Workers). The estimate of OFW population as a percentage of adult labor force is as much as 22% - one of the highest rates in the Philippines. The OFW phenomenon is so significant that almost all households have at least one member working outside of the country. ==Barangays== Malasiqui is politically subdivided into 73 [[barangay]]s. <table border=0><tr> <td valign=top> * Abonagan * Agdao * Alacan * Aliaga * Amacalan * Anolid * Apaya * Asin Este * Asin Weste * Bacundao Este * Bacundao Weste * Bakitiw * Balite * Banawang * Barang * Bawer * Binalay * Bobon * Bolaoit * Bongar * Butao * Cabatling * Cabueldatan * Calbueg * Canan Norte </td><td valign=top> * Canan Sur * Cawayan Bogtong * Don Pedro * Gatang * Goliman * Gomez * Guilig * Ican * Ingalagala * Lareg-lareg * Lasip * Lepa * Loqueb Este * Loqueb Norte * Loqueb Sur * Lunec * Mabulitec * Malimpec * Manggan-Dampay * Nancapian * Nalsian Norte * Nalsian Sur * Nansangaan * Olea </td><td valign=top> * Pacuan * Palapar Norte * Palapar Sur * Palong * Pamaranum * Pasima * Payar * Poblacion * Polong Norte * Polong Sur * Potiocan * San Julian * Tabo-Sili * Tobor * Talospatang * Taloy * Taloyan * Tambac * Tolonguat * Tomling * Umando * Viado * Waig * Warey </td></tr></table> ==External links== * [http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp Philippine Standard Geographic Code] * [http://www.t-macs.com/kiso/local/ 2000 Philippine Census Information] * [http://www.pangasinan.gov.ph Official Website of the Provincial Government of Pangasinan] * [http://www.pasyalan.net/pangasinan/ Pasyalan Pangasinan] * [http://www.dalityapi.com Pangasinan: Preservation and Revitalization of the Pangasinan Language and Literature] * [http://punch.dagupan.com Sunday Punch] * [http://www.sunstar.com.ph/pangasinan Sun Star Pangasinan] * [http://pangasinanstar.prepys.com Pangasinan Star Online] * [http://www.kingfisher.edu.ph/ Kingfisher School of Business and Finance] * [http://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Test-wp/pag Pangasinan Test Wikipedia] {{Pangasinan}} {{coor title dm|15|55|N|120|25|E|region:PH_type:city}} [[Category:Municipalities of Pangasinan]] [[de:Malasiqui]] [[ilo:Malasiqui, Pangasinan]] [[nl:Malasiqui]] [[pam:Malasiqui, Pangasinan]] Mangaldan, Pangasinan 483 1246 2006-10-18T00:18:54Z Arikasikis 11 {{translation}} [[Image:Ph_locator_pangasinan_mangaldan.png|right|Map of Pangasinan showing the location of Mangaldan]] '''Mangaldan''' is a 1st class [[Philippine municipality|municipality]] in the [[Philippine province|province]] of [[Pangasinan province|Pangasinan]], [[Philippines]]. It is near the cities of [[Dagupan City|Dagupan]] and [[Baguio]]. It is in the 4th congressional district of Pangasinan. According to the [[2000]] census, it has a population of 82,142 people in 15,356 households. Mangaldan was founded by [[Dominican order]] missionaries from [[Spain]] (the third such city in [[Pangasinan]]). It is known to have already been a Spanish [[encomienda]] by [[1591]]. During [[World War II]], Mangaldan had an airstrip that was used by the [[American military]]. ==Barangays== Mangaldan is politically subdivided into 30 [[barangay]]s. <table border=0><tr> <td valign=top> * Alitaya * Amansabina * Anolid * Banaoang * Bantayan * Bari * Bateng * Buenlag * David * Embarcadero (also spelled Imbarcadero) * Gueguesangen * Guesang * Guiguilonen * Guilig * Inlambo </td><td valign=top> * Lanas * Landas * Maasin * Macayug * Malabago * Navaluan * Nibaliw * Osiem * Palua * Poblacion * Pogo * Salaan * Salay * Tebag * Talogtog </td></tr></table> ==External links== * [http://gov.pangasinan.com/towns/mangaldan.htm Municipality Homepage] * [http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp Philippine Standard Geographic Code] * [http://www.t-macs.com/kiso/local/ 2000 Philippine Census Information] * [http://www.pangasinan.gov.ph Official Website of the Provincial Government of Pangasinan] * [http://www.pasyalan.net/pangasinan/ Pasyalan Pangasinan] * [http://www.dalityapi.com Pangasinan: Preservation and Revitalization of the Pangasinan Language and Literature] * [http://punch.dagupan.com Sunday Punch] * [http://www.sunstar.com.ph/pangasinan Sun Star Pangasinan] * [http://pangasinanstar.prepys.com Pangasinan Star Online] * [http://www.kingfisher.edu.ph/ Kingfisher School of Business and Finance] * [http://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Test-wp/pag Pangasinan Test Wikipedia] {{Pangasinan}} {{coor title dm|16|04|N|120|24|E|region:PH_type:city}} [[Category:Municipalities of Pangasinan]] [[de:Mangaldan]] [[ilo:Mangaldan, Pangasinan]] [[nl:Mangaldan]] [[pam:Mangaldan, Pangasinan]] San Fabian, Pangasinan 484 1247 2006-10-18T00:19:34Z Arikasikis 11 [[Image:Ph_locator_pangasinan_san fabian.png|right|Map of Pangasinan showing the location of San Fabian]] '''San Fabian''' is a 3rd class [[Philippine municipality|municipality]] in the [[Philippine province|province]] of [[Pangasinan province|Pangasinan]], [[Philippines]]. According to the [[2000]] census, it has a population of 66,274 people in 12,690 households. ==Barangays== San Fabian is politically subdivided into 34 [[barangay]]s. <table border=0><tr> <td valign=top> * Ambalangan-Dalin * Angio * Anonang * Aramal * Bigbiga * Binday * Bolaoen * Bolasi * Cayanga * Gomot * Inmalog * Lekep-Butao </td><td valign=top> * Longos * Mabilao * Nibaliw Central * Nibaliw East * Nibaliw Magliba * Palapad * Poblacion * Rabon * Sagud-Bahley * Sobol * Tempra-Guilig </td><td valign=top> * Tocok * Lipit-Tomeeng * Colisao * Nibaliw Narvarte (Nibaliw W. * Nibaliw Vidal (Nibaliw West * Alacan * Cabaruan * Inmalog Norte * Longos-Amangonan-Parac-Parac * Longos Proper * Tiblong </td></tr></table> ==External links== * [http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp Philippine Standard Geographic Code] * [http://www.t-macs.com/kiso/local/ 2000 Philippine Census Information] * [http://www.pangasinan.gov.ph Official Website of the Provincial Government of Pangasinan] * [http://www.pasyalan.net/pangasinan/ Pasyalan Pangasinan] * [http://www.dalityapi.com Pangasinan: Preservation and Revitalization of the Pangasinan Language and Literature] * [http://punch.dagupan.com Sunday Punch] * [http://www.sunstar.com.ph/pangasinan Sun Star Pangasinan] * [http://pangasinanstar.prepys.com Pangasinan Star Online] * [http://www.kingfisher.edu.ph/ Kingfisher School of Business and Finance] * [http://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Test-wp/pag Pangasinan Test Wikipedia] * [http://www.cbcpworld.com/sanfabianparish Parish of St. Fabian, Pope and Martyr] {{Pangasinan}} [[Category:Municipalities of Pangasinan]] [[de:San Fabian]] [[ilo:San Fabian, Pangasinan]] [[nl:San Fabian]] [[pam:San Fabian, Pangasinan]] Bayambang, Pangasinan 485 1249 2006-10-18T00:21:13Z Arikasikis 11 {{translation}} [[Image:Ph_locator_pangasinan_bayambang.png|right|Map of Pangasinan showing the location of Bayambang]] '''Bayambang''' is a 2nd class [[Philippine municipality|municipality]] in the [[Philippine province|province]] of [[Pangasinan]], [[Philippines]]. According to the [[2000]] census, it has a population of 96,609 people in 17,897 households. Bayambang is bounded on the north by Malasiqui, on the south by Camiling, on the east by Bautista, and on the west by Urbiztondo. Bayambang is the farthest town south of the province of Pangasinan. The name of this town according to the legend, came from the name of a plant called "balangbang" which grew in abundance during the early days. The verdant hills of Bayambang were almost covered by these plants. The people made pickles out of them. As years passed by, these plants became extinct in the vicinity, but the name "Bayambang" which sounds like an echo of the plant's name, was retained and was given to designate this town. Others believed that the name of the town came from the once numerous "Culibangbang" tress (these trees are growing on the hills of Bayambang and at present we can still find some of them). It was said that when the Spaniards first came to this town they asked some natives what this place was called. The people thought the Spaniards were asking about the trees, and so they answered "culibangbang." The Spaniards thought it was "Bayambang" and hence forth they called the town by that name. The town of Bayambang is in the central part of Southern Pangasinan . The town got its name from a plant called “Balambang” which grew in abundance in the place during the olden days. The hilly portions on the southern part were almost covered by these plants, which was noted for making salad. As years passed by, theses plants became extinct in the vicinity but not before the town was named after it by changing its letter L to letter Y, hence the name of BAYAMBANG. Bayambang in the early days had a big territorial coverage. The municipality of Bautista , Alcala, Sto. Tomas, Rosales, Paniqui, Gerona and Camiling of the province of Tarlac were once part of the old Bayambang. Today, however, its size has been considerably reduced after the aforementioned municipalities attained municipal status. Bayambang is at present bound4ed by the following municipalities on the north by Basista and Malasiqui; on the east by Bautista; on the south by Camiling, Tarlac, and on the west by Urbiztondo. According to the records obtained from the “Awarans” of our old folks, the late Benaldo Gutierrez and the late Honorato Carungay, and also from the testimonies of some of their contemporaries, Bayambang was founded in the early sixteenth century by an Aeta known as Agalet. In its early founding, the Aita founder led in forming the town by organizing his own tribe. He formed barangays composed of small villages. The town was first located in what is now barrio Inirangan and Hermosa and later on moved to the barrio of Telbang and part of southern Poblacion just at the old Spanish Catholic Cemetery which is better known as the Old Bayambang. The old Municipal building was found near the public market until finally moved to its present location. Bayambang is a historic town. It stands with enduring pride as the first town in Pangasinan to experience disastrous and terrifying events that occurred in the province. It was in Bayambang where the first Juez de Cuchillo sowed horror in 1897. Many of the prominent men of the town were executed and many of the houses were razed to the ground. It was through the intervention of a Spanish-Filipino General which ended the inhuman torture during those days. The lyrics of the Philippine Anthem were written by Jose Palma in Bautista once part of the old Bayambang. By early November 1899, President Emilio Aguinaldo made Bayambang his temporary capital in Pangasinan. Bayambang became the last seat of our short-lived Philippine Republic when the American forces of Gen. Arthur MacArthur captured Tarlac on October 12, 1899 , that's when Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo moved the capital to Bayambang until November 13, 1899 , when he marched on to Isabela. At the now defunct railroad station of Bayambang located at the north end of Rizal Avenue, the town's main artery way before barrio Tambac (this area is currently called the “Estacion”), Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo encountered the Spanish Forces during the revolution. Our national hero, Jose P. Rizal had for a number of times visited Camiling because of his love for Leonor Rivera. Camiling was then a part of Bayambang. Gen. Antonio Luna and his brave men once established camp in Bayambang while fleeing from the “ “Krag “ welding American cavalry. At the railroad station of Bayambang, Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo encountered the Spanish Forces during the revolution. Bayambang during the Japanese Regime was made the capital of Pangasinan when Dr. Diaz was appointed Governor by the Japanese Imperial Government, Dr. Diaz held his Provincial Administration Office in Bayambang at the still existing residence of the late Eulogio Dauz, at the junction of Quezon Blvd. And M.H. Del Pilar streets. During the war, three bombs were dropped by the Japanese at Roman Catholic Church of Bayambang. The bombs did not explode something miraculous to reckon with. Bayambang became the first Pilot Town in the Far East when it was chosen to be the seat of the famed UNESCO NATIONAL COMMUNITY TRAINING CENTER . This made Bayambang the Educational show window of the Philippines in the Far East as waves of Educational dignitaries from all over the country as well as from other countries come to town to attend educational workshops and seminars. The first Executive of the town under the Spanish Regime was Vicente Cayabyab who held the office of Gobernadorcillo. In 1892, Mauricio de Guzman became the first Cabeza de Barangay (Captain of the Municipality). He was succeeded by Honorato Carungay, Lorenzo Rodriguez and Julian Mananzan. During the revolutionary period, Saturnino Junio was appointed as the Chief Executive. And when the American Military Government was inaugurated, Evaristo Dimalanta was appointed President. When the CIVIL Government was inaugurated, Lauriano Roldan was appointed as the first President of the town under such government. He was succeeded by Alvino Garcia, Mateo Mananzan, Gavino de Guzman, Marciano Fajardo, Agustin Carungay, Emeterio Camacho, and Enrique M. Roldan. After them followed Mayors Gerundio Emengan, Leopoldo Aquino, Sr., Ambrosio Gloria (appointed by the PCAU of the Army), Bernardo Lagoy, appointed 1946, Leopoldo Aquino, Sr. (reelected), Eligio C. Sagun (1952-1955), Don Numeriano Castro (appointed), Salvador F. Quinto (1956-1959), Miguel C. Matabang (1960-1963), Jaime P. Junio (1964-1986), Feliciano Casingal, Jr. (OIC), Don Daniel Bato (OIC), Domingo Tagulao, Calixto B. Camacho. '''GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION''' '''LATITUDE :''' 15 º 43‘ North 15 º 41‘ North '''LONGITUDE :''' 120º 21' East 120º 33' East '''TOPOGRAPHY / TERRAIN :''' Varies from rolling lands and hills / Generally Flat '''CLIMATE :''' WET Season ( June to October ) DRY Season ( November to May ) '''TOTAL LAND AREA''' 16,800 hectares '''Total Agricultural Area''' 12,225 hectares '''Total Residential Area''' 278 hectares '''Total Commercial Area''' 9.5 hectares '''Total Institutional Area''' 68 hectares '''Forest reserve & Wild Parks''' 2,059 hectares '''Total Industrial Area''' 15.8 hectares Open Space 2,134.7 hectares '''BARANGAYS''' Total Barangays :77 Urban Barangays : 11 Rural Barangays : 66 '''POPULATION''' Total Populations 105, 887 '''HOUSEHOLDS''' Total number of Households : 19,252 '''INCOME CLASS''' 1st CLASS MUNICIPALITY '''LITERACY RATE :''' 92 % '''ANNUALGROWTH RATE :''' 2.5% '''PER CAPITA INCOME :''' P 26,182.00 '''SOURCE OF POWER SUPPLY''' (CENPELCO) Central Pangasinan Electric Coop., Inc '''SOURCE OF WATER SUPPLY''' ( BWAD ) BAYAMBANG WATER DISTRICT '''MAJOR SOURCE OF LIVELIHOOD''' Farming & Fishing ==Barangays== Bayambang is politically subdivided into 78 [[barangay]]s. <table border=0><tr> <td valign=top> * Alinggan * Amamperez * Amancosiling Norte * Amancosiling Sur * Ambayat I * Ambayat II * Apalen * Asin * Ataynan * Bacnono * Balaybuaya * Banaban * Bani * Batangcawa * Beldet * Beleng * Bical Norte * Bical Sur * Bongato East * Bongato West * Buayaen * Buenlag 1st * Buenlag 2nd * Cadre Site * Carungay * Caturay * Duera </td><td valign=top> * Dusoc * Hermoza * Idong * Inanlorenzana * Inirangan * Iton * Langiran * Ligue * M. H. del Pilar * Macayocayo * Magsaysay * Maigpa * Malimpec * Malioer * Managos * Manambong Norte * Manambong Parte * Manambong Sur * Mangayao * Nalsian Norte * Nalsian Sur * Pangdel * Pantol * Paragos * Poblacion Sur * Pugo </td><td valign=top> * Reynado * San Gabriel 1st * San Gabriel 2nd * San Vicente * Sangcagulis * Sanlibo * Sapang * Tamaro * Tambac * Tampog * Darawey (Tangal) * Tanolong * Tatarao * Telbang * Tococ East * Tococ West * Warding * Wawa * Zone I (Pob.) * Zone II (Pob.) * Zone III (Pob.) * Zone IV (Pob.) * Zone V (Pob.) * Zone VI (Pob.) * Zone VII (Pob.) </td></tr></table> ==External links== * [http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp Philippine Standard Geographic Code] * [http://www.t-macs.com/kiso/local/ 2000 Philippine Census Information] * [http://www.psu.edu.ph/Bayambang.htm] * [http://www.pangasinan.gov.ph Official Website of the Provincial Government of Pangasinan] * [http://www.pasyalan.net/pangasinan/ Pasyalan Pangasinan] * [http://www.dalityapi.com Pangasinan: Preservation and Revitalization of the Pangasinan Language and Literature] * [http://punch.dagupan.com Sunday Punch] * [http://www.sunstar.com.ph/pangasinan Sun Star Pangasinan] * [http://pangasinanstar.prepys.com Pangasinan Star Online] * [http://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Test-wp/pag Pangasinan Test Wikipedia] {{Pangasinan}} [[Category:Municipalities of Pangasinan]] [[de:Bayambang]] [[ilo:Bayambang, Pangasinan]] [[nl:Bayambang]] [[pam:Bayambang, Pangasinan]] MediaWiki:Allnotinnamespace 486 1250 2006-10-18T00:25:31Z Arikasikis 11 Amin ya bolong (anggapo ed namespace ya $1) MediaWiki:Allpagesprev 487 1251 2006-10-18T00:26:54Z Arikasikis 11 Enbeneg MediaWiki:Badfilename 488 1252 2006-10-18T00:28:44Z Arikasikis 11 Binalo so ngaran na file, umpian "$1" so balon ngaran to. MediaWiki:Boardvote days 489 1253 2006-10-18T00:30:03Z Arikasikis 11 Agew MediaWiki:Deleteimgcompletely 490 1254 2006-10-18T00:32:51Z Arikasikis 11 Buralen so amin ya binalo ed sayan file. MediaWiki:Anontalk 491 1255 2006-10-18T00:34:13Z Arikasikis 11 Tongtongan para ed sayan IP MediaWiki:Viewsource 492 1256 2006-10-18T00:35:04Z Arikasikis 11 Nengnengen so source MediaWiki:Userrights-user-editname 493 1257 2006-10-18T00:36:00Z Arikasikis 11 Isulat so username: MediaWiki:Searchresultshead 494 1258 2006-10-18T00:36:36Z Arikasikis 11 Anapen MediaWiki:Qbpageoptions 495 1259 2006-10-18T00:37:19Z Arikasikis 11 Ayan bolong Listaan na Antikeg ya Estoria ed Pangasinan 496 1285 2006-10-18T06:47:26Z 130.54.12.245 == No labay yon idagdag so insulat yon antikeg ya estoria diad bolong ya aya, idagdag yo labat. == * [[Eufemia Villamil]] * [[Maria Magsano]] Maria Magsano 497 1267 2006-10-18T02:03:29Z Arikasikis 11 * [[Kaonoran ya Bilin: Tongtong a Tugtuwan Agawa]] * [[Vida]] Kaonoran ya Bilin: Tongtong a Tugtuwan Agawa 498 1263 2006-10-18T02:00:31Z Arikasikis 11 '''KAONORAN YA BILIN: TONGTONG A TUGTUWAN AGAWA''' nen ''Maria Magsano'' Nandorongo ran mangoto sa sanina tan sanbabai a di Maria tan Cornelia tan saray aapo na onor ya ngaran. Ven so sankamelagan ed saray apo to tan sikato met so napapalabiay aro. Walad abay ton sipor kapag no mangan ira, kanian kanawnawa toy manguray, manestilo tan manlampay no maminsan ed panangan. Kapag no onla met ya onorong ed ngarem, mapanaynay ay agto ni ombuat ya ondago ya anggad itdan nen bai toy sakey a centimes ya isaliw toy kanen. Diad labi no kasakbayay idokol to, si bai to met so mangipanunot ed pandasal to no bilang ta alipatan to yan gawa to. Diad kautlay labi no isisipen nen bai ya ompan nakalay ules, bangonan ton ulesan. No si ugaw et sinmabi pakasisirit to anggapoy bangonen ton arum noag si bai to. Diad peles dan mangakan, sayay Maria ya anak, lapud anggapoy arum ya pandaleman to ray bengatlan irirap odino erermen tod bilay aya noag si inaton kaibiba ton nanlapud inlesay bilay to, agto apokpokan so inpanbaga to ray kaonoran iran noticias ya sinmabid layag to tan puron nipaakar ed sikaton dili. Agaylay makapasinagem ed agto impakanunot ya si maaro tan malagak ton ina et walay sakit tod puso tan diad saraman ya agew, mabetbet so isigi betbet na paruk na asalita lan puso to. Say destino anti no sikatolay aasabi, dakel ya baraan ya onsabi, dakel ya lingong nagawa ya agnaamamtaan no say palar lay ontawag. “Ina,” kuay mapalnan talima nen Maria, “saray mangiitap na linawa ed siak agni ran siansian napda.” “Akin, anto ta tan lamet anako so pangiirapan day linawad sikaa? Isip kono tinmonda lara ta ayadyari met lay fiesta. Anto tan lamet konoy kuandan nipaakared sika?.” Kuay ina ya singa taruk na sibeg so tanila tan expression na lupa to. “Eh, nanbabangil lamet ya ipapalsa rad siak-ya pati nipaakar ed basinkawel ed politica ya linmabas la. Say kuanda ta si Dona Victorina ibabaga to konod si Apo Gobernador ya sinmungpaak ed candidature to nen peles na basinkawel ed sayay kaonoran ya eleccion. Agko kono makapanburi ta walay inopaan ton secreta ya oonlan inagewagew ya mansisiim ed amin ya kiwas ko. Ontan met nen Don Tasio kono nanbabangil so labir-labir ton nipaakar ed siak lapud agko pangipaonong na pilak na karaklan ed ag onkatunongan ya panbayaran. Sani makapadpaermen, ina, ta saramay profetas nen saman ya angikuan ya aliwliway kasungpalay fiesta tan agda labay so mibiang et sikara natay makakaonan mannununot ya mangalay kuartan nakdaan ya agni agastos,” kuay anak ya singa nanaermenan. “Anto met lay irirap mo anako ed sayan bilay? Polim ira lambengat tan agmo panermenan o paningongotan iratan, tan isaklang mo lan amin ed Dios a Kataawan ta pian payabolan to ka komoy biskeg, dunong tan lalang ya manakbat niran tan ya amin. Inunot mo la anako ed saray irirap nen Katawan tin Jesucristo ipasen mo lan signa pisasakbat mo ed belat na cruz ya sinakbat to sengeged kasalanan tin pinalsa to. Agmo ra bobosolen noag ingen sikaray pikasim t apian komon nabirbir daray lingo tan kasalanan da et oniarain panpataolian da,” kuay maoyamon bili ina. Ameneng ya agano si anak, insane inebatan toy inato: “On, ina, agkora bosolen ni irapey linawa, balet agdaak napiluk ed agonkatunongan. Ipatron ko rad Dios a katawan, balet ikanak met so tudio ya inter tod siak a mamakal ed saratan ya kaisipan dan agmatunong. No akowen yon amii panamairap na sakey a maruksa inta walad sikayoy sekder tan pakayarri ya mamaat, maong la inay agyoak inanak t apian nabawasay bilang na aripen ed sayan bansa. Paolian yoak lambengat inan onebat ed papel tan pluma ta sikarra raya so ayurran inter na Dios ed siak a pangiagel kod inkasiak a dili tan say kaparak ya too. Alanang lay kiknaan kod sarayan amin, ina, kanian agki lambengat mapaga ta agko ra paningongotan t apian agda deraley laman tan nunot ko.” “Maong sirin anako no ontay kaisipan mo ta say papagaan ko wari so say kasakitan mo, ta no sikay nasakitan, ompatey kami met lan amin…” kkuay ina kasakbabayay pamilin tod Apo ton Ven. “Ven, agmo sumsumlangey baim ta no sikatoy ompatey la, kaskasi ka ta angapolay pialaan moy sakey a centimes no onorongka, anggapo lay mangoles ed sika no labi, anggapo lay bangonen mo no makasisirit ka, anggapo lay manbangat ed sikay dasal, mangipanunot na pandasal mo t apian lawas kasian kay Dios.” Balibali so impangogto ran sanina tan sanbabai ya singa anggapoy onsabin bigla ya mangerep na arowan tan likeliket da. No panoy biskeg na kirmat tan karol ya mangatot ed sakey a kiew, ontan met so impamakbak na mauges a dagem a kuan ti ngola ed si ina nen apaleenay masudsulok a kapalduay horas ed kaonuran ya inpanbilin to. Sikatoy atumba ed dilin silir to tan say kaonoran a balikas to, “Dios ko, ilaban moak.” Agla akasalita ya anggad inkoyos na bilay to ed komalabintalon agew ya indokol to ed agew na Miercoles fecha 19 ed Enero ed horas n alas 9:45 ed kabuasan. Say kaonoran ton bilin so lawas agamiley anak ton ataynanan to, tan amin ya kimey to ed bilay aya ya laut lad lingkor ed baley tan kaparan too so lawaas ibagat tod mablin ngaran na mapaaro tan malagak ton ina ya nibokor a natawag toy kien ton dili ya nanlapud inkaugaw to. Listaan na estoria ed Pangasinan 499 1265 2006-10-18T02:02:04Z Arikasikis 11 say [[Listaan na estoria ed Pangasinan]] enyales paula ed [[Listaan na Antikeg ya Estoria ed Pangasinan]] #REDIRECT [[Listaan na Antikeg ya Estoria ed Pangasinan]] Vida 500 1268 2006-10-18T02:04:08Z Arikasikis 11 '''Vida''' nen ''Maria Magsano'' Say baley na Lingayen napnek na liga tan sayaksak nen kuay agew ya onbalatabat ed sakey ya kabuasan ed bolay Enero, visperas na fiestay baley. Sayan agew ed poloy Filipinas, onung na abangonan ya kagagawa a nanlapud saray inmonan ateng tayo, nayarian tin ipangta so kaabigan tin manangkaili, balet ta ugalin ipasen day arum ya pasirayew labat ed kaparan too ya aliwan peteg ya tanday kabaleg na linawa tan puson mamarawes ed siopa Kaman ya nibalon mifiesta. No say sakey ya ag kadalaan et panduaruaan toyan ugali, paakar yod sakey a fiesta y baley may barrio t apian nanengneng tan naimatonan to so panangkaili rad sikato ya no nayari ngalngali ra seksekey bitoka ya angad kolokolong to. Arum ed saray bibirbiren ya atagey ya aral ya kaagian tayo ipapasen day a sayan ujgali tin nailuaman so sakey ed saray sengeg na kapobrean tan irap ed sayan bansa. Napatua may andi yan kuan a, anganko napalabas ni nilasus ya taon insane naekal yad awaray awir tin kagagawa ed saray inmonan lapuan tiran at-ateng. Diad Libsong, uman asinger ed baley na Lingayen diad utel na kompog day caniogan ya anggapoy paga ran natumba ed anggan anton biskeg na dagem, walan a katalindeg ed silong na bolobolong ya mapanaspas no onsibok so dagem na amiyan ya manlapud dayat na Lingayen so sakey ya abong a baleg, abeba, maalindaway, malinis tan nengneng toy nanpanaon la ed kabayag, tan sikatoy pinagkaariray amin ya abong ed saman ya simpok. Walan manaayam ed mapayapan loob to so sakey a marikit ya limgas to ag makabuek ya singa sakey ya bilay ed saray estorias ya nababasa, no ag diad kasimpitay makaroyroyon kaabigan to. Diad antikey ya salita, saray kakaaro to, Vida so pantatawag dad sikato, ngaran ya pinili laki tod ina ya say talos to so sikato naani “bilay” na pulin sengueg to. Sat dalem tonian abong so kapegleyay walan arlong to. Walay pigaran yorongan ton narra ya singa ra balon naynay ed kapoponosanan dan inagew-agew na lupot ya binasaay petroleo, walay sakey ya baleg a nengnengay horas ya akapeket ed dingding tan diad leksab to so sakey ya piano a nanlapud Alemania. Sikatoyan piano ya andi inkera tan diad dilin abay to so angeselan na ina nen Vida ed panganko toy imparongtal ya aro na sakey a walay betang a sondalo nen Revolucion. Saksakey ya anak nen Capitan Don Lorenzo Solis tan Capitana Dona Josefa Sangalang, saray laki tan bai na bilay na sayan tongtong. Sikatoya so antikey ya awaran tonian abong ya nianakan nen Vida. Ompawil iti natan lamet ed samay fiestay baley. Marakep tan masaya ya tua so impamalabas da, saray sankaili amawil irad kabalbaleyan day a napno ray ambabangil ya natongtong da. Walay sakey ed saraya balet so ag ni pinmawil tan agto labay no nayari so miolup ed saray kakaaro to ed anggan iner ya laen da. Ugaw-ugawen met nin balon-laki, noble tan mabinta so indengan to, ankabli ray ugagep tod bilay tan say sankatagian ya pilalek to so say pakasabi tod maliket tan mareen ya panamaley. Sakey a enginiero tan nianak ed baley na Alaminos, “ciudad ed dapit sagur na Lugar Pangasinan ya kuanen Presidente Quezon nen aminsan ya nakar to yan pasen. Say agew ya pikasakey tod si Vida so namasingger la, tan diad saya, mapanaynay ya onsabid kalakal tan linawa to so kaganoan to la komon nian kanunotan ta pian wala lan makatempey na saray erermen tan gonigoy kabokoran. Sayagew, singa panaon so aliling dad sikato. Sinambaan to so pamaliket tan pi-ando lawas na panangaro to ed si Vida. Samay reloj ed dingding n alas cinco ed ngarem nen natalineng nen Vida so tanol na sapatos ya ombabalitang ed takayan tan sinmalat so toktok ed kapot na wangalan. Ang gapoy onkitakitaw diad pigaran segundos. Kabekta nangel ya sinmoblay so ngayengey napakaskasin voces ya itatareren toy tambayo, “Maria Clara.” Say toktok so tinmobat, tan nankalkalna ya inlokas nen Vida so puerta. Siopa kasi so wadman? Akin kasi et puso toy atalagnaw tan paruk toy ngalngalin pekdaken toy pagew to! Akin kasi ray aping to et binmalanga tan saray amta to so malikeliket, saray bibil toy napnoy agnibalikas ya pakelaw tan gayaga? Siopay ag manisia ya say mangaro tan inaro et sikatoy sankabalgan ya liket diad bilay. Bukot na ambagel anganko so onsungpa pa lagi ed sayan pananisia. Inderew toy lima to nen Vida ed si Mario ya tanday liket tod inpakapannengneng da. Sininkat tan minesmes nen sakey ed sanduan limato, insan to inkalkalnan inasingger ed bibil tora t apian niter to may quan day a pinagkatanday panangaron ipaparok na puso. Ag iran dua akasel ya tampol; say puso ran napnoy liket tan anggapoy lugar na anton salita. Say mata ra balet so nanabet; tan diad inpakapanabet da, say puso ray nantalusan tan akapansalita ed salitan bukor na saray duaran manaarowan so makaamta. Nankalkalna ran amaarap ed abay ton may piano tan say karakpay panaon so sikaran bokbukor so akankien ed sman ya igsa. “Amtak ya onsabi ka,” kuanen Vida ya inmona, “kanian inparaan kon inian yank awes ya inter mod siak nen kaonoran ya inkianak ko. Labay moy inkagawa to?” “Labay ko? Masoluk nen say isip mo, marakerakep tan inangaangay mo, singak nengnengnengen so itchoray talintaom no nasabilay agew ya itoon kod olom so balanget na amputi ran bulaklak ya tanday panlaktip na puso tan kamarerua tan dua t apian saksakey so iparok tan ilinawa ra,” kuanen Mario ya napnoy voces toy tamuy tan kaulimikan, say lupa toy alimbos na liket tan gayagay onpepelnak ya balon bilay, “Anto balet kasi so liknaan mo? Labay ko mett ya kabaten.” Tinmonda ed pansasalita to tan aalagden toy Vida ya onebat, tan nen anggapoy naalagar ton ebat tinampol ton intobat so pansasalita to. “Mapanaynay kon omamengen so panbilay ta naanin dua, tan ay, Vida, ngalngalin agko la nisongdo so pannununot ko. Liliknaen ko ya manbilayak ya andi angga ya mangaro ed sika, sikay inter na Dios ya bilay na bilay ko, panlingkoran ko, amamayoen ko tan kawaloen kod angaay nayarian ko.” Inalis tod arap na mata to ya agano nen leleg ton manaalagar na ebat nen Vida, balet nen pawilen ton lingisen. Nikelawan nen walan anengneng to ta samay mabilay a talintao ya maligliga, bigla nagmaliw ya singa “Madre Dolorosa” ya mata toy asebseban ya tampol na layap ya mandarlang ya gayagad kamareua to. Sininkat to ray lima nen Vida, binenbenan to ran mapeget ed dalem na lima ton dili tan kekerewen ton pikakasi ya sikato komoy perdonaen to no kasalanan to kasi may inpambaga toy petepeteg ya liliknaen to. “Ah, Vida, Vida ya bilay an bilay ko,” inkuan ton nanbalikas lamet, “antoy ginawak ya akasengeg na ontan lan pannangis mo? Oniarin sikatotay bales na abayag lan ogagep ko ya sikay kien kon bokbokor tan mablin kapisag na laman tan kamareruak?” Lalon pinmalaloy pansibsibek nen Vida, tan lapud ag to ra naokpos so lima to ran nipangaw ed saray lima nen inaro ton Mario, agto naponasay lua to ran aamesen day sanduan aping to. Nen agla makanonoy liknaan ton nalalames na mapalalon gonigoy loob to, alopbob ed dilin panytodyodrongan to, say mata to ray kinmopit, pagew toy manbanlayon ya singa binel day daloyon ed makibual ya dayat. Inmalagey si Mario tan say sanduan taklay toy inlakap tod duan takeb nen Vida, pinonasan to ray lua to, tan sinarel to ya anggad inkaimasmasan to, tan inpakalikna to ya s ay oloto et walan inmobong ya singa manok ed paggew nen inaroto. Inangoban ta ray gamet nen Vida ya sinansakey, balet agto nanpakpelan ya sinali a inangobad bibil tora ta anggaman amtato ya say angob ya inalad limot et makapalikliket met no mamnisan, balet ta diad sakey a makalakal tan mabintan bii anggapoy kana to no ag sakey lambengat ya gawan makabos tan mauges ya inanamotan. Bang say ginawato laingen so say maoyamon pangokoyong to dia ed mangasamit iran balikas, tan pikakasi ya sikato la komoy onsalita. Linmimatay Vida tan tampol ya inmikban ed samay duaran taklay ya aliling day mangiaagel ed kaatapan to. Sinakoban toy lupa to na sanduan limato tan nannunnunot ya agano. Pinaulianan nen Mario, tan banbantayan to lambengat ya andi mogmon inbaga to ya anggad impanbalikas nen Vida na pigaran apoltot ya salita ed pangekerew toy pangitepel nen Mario ed sikato ed walan apatnag toran kakapoyan to. Kayari ton nansalita, iniorong to, inosdong toray matato, tan alay pakaskasi tan makatenieg na liknaan ya awawey to. Nen kapanemet toy panolito ton naplag ed tabla, si Mario pinmawil ed yorongan to tan tinepettan toy onia, “Vida, por Dios, antoy sinmabid sika ya akin et siak so inpanimaton mo nian gonigon ya agko natalusan, tan siak so inpagmaliw ton sankaermenan ya too natan? Ipangasim komon ya isalaysay ed siak no wala bilang so akasengeg ya mamilit ed sika ed pagbabawim na sipasipan morad siak. Ag oniarin isiblet mod siak yan kasangpotan ya kerew ko.” Agton siansia ni makasel nen Vida tan ngalngalni agto inengneng iray mata to ed si Mario ya inaro to. Siopay makapangibaga ya diad maligligaan inpakapannengneng da, impakagamgam day pirawat dan makapantuyaw tan diad liket dan agnasabsabaan ed magano lan pakarapat day gegemtan dan magmaliw ya saksakey ira ed puso tan kamarerua, et onmay asabiran kipapasen? Agay lan tuay inkalamang na panaon! Tan makapasigsinagem ya karuksaan to no maminsan! Bulaklak na gayaga, no sikay nitaktakatak ed pasen ya dalanen, itan met lan ontombok ya ontobo so sabit na ermen ya manorok na kasalian ni no kuan mi lan ompawil. Balet kaaron bomabasa, agmo lilingwanan net balet ta diad kayari siplog na baleg ya dagen, ontombok so mareereen ya panaon, tan diad beneg na makapal ya lurem wadmay managaag ya agew. Ngalngalin agla nisongdo nen Mario so onman ya kipapasen dan dua. Sinmabid sikato so panayakop ton lakapen iman ya magapil tan napnoy ermen ya talintao, tan yangob tod lupan names na lua tan maimpis iran bibil to, balet ta tampol met ya anonotan to ya sarayan gawa marapit malaverden kabibilaay; tan diad awaray peteg ya ugali Filipino, agmakana tan sungpan tuloy ed ugali mabintan awey tan pitotoo. Diad karaklan, say angoban ya nagawad saray duaran maarowan ya agni kinasal so sakey ay binayes ya ugali lambengat ed saray bansa ed biek taew. Si Mario tipoy lakin mareen, malabid kagagawan abangonay daiset, aliwan maagap ya linawa ya singa saray arum ya lalaki. Ag maliket ed saray kagagalaw tan kakikiwi ray bibiid arum ya nacion, mapeget so panangaro to ed abangonan iran ugali dilin kabansaan to. Diad bii labay to lawas so yanon panangawes, pitotoo, kagagallaw tan kakaawey, kagula to ray konkonwaarin [KULANG PA ITO] Singa atenieg iray likknaan nen Mario, balet ta lapud pilit ton makapikabat na satan a toon inaro nen Vida, indeen ton tampol tan ag inmesel. “Amin pigapiga ya ginapoan kon ibagad sika so apalabas lan inpanbilay ko, balet ta baaten moak met lan baaten, tan inkuan mo ya say apalabas so apalabas la tan anggapoy biang dad natan tan arapen ya bilay, ta aliling day ikonfesar ed sika so agawadsiak antes ya idago moak ed altar ya kapisag na pusom tan kamareruam ya anggad angga.” Lapud say isip nen Mario so anggapo ni akaonan angiteran toy puso to no agto book, singa sinmabi duarua to. Singa to nengnengnengen natan ya si inaro to so walalan akaimeng nen saman ed taklay na sakey a laki, tan sa may bibil ya agto atrivien ya diwiten so inangoban lan aminpigapiga na bibil na sakey a manangaro. Say mansasbon pirawat ed sikato ya tekmelan to komon itan ya laki, saray lima to inelet to ran inpanmesmesan. Kabekta apapa toy petang na liknaan ton dili tan inkuan ton nantepet ed Vida, “Siopa tan ya laki so inarom nen saman? Ipangasim pan isalaysay ed siak ya amin so nipaakar ed sikato.” “Anak na toon kabkabosol nen amak. A kapanabet kami ya amin pinsan ed sakey a baile tan sikato met lamay kasangpotan. No panoy inpakapanarowan min tamtampol so anggapoy mikabat ni say siak ya dili. Naplag so onman lan inpangaro tod siak ed samay pasen ya akanengnengean tod siak tan ontan komet. Nanlapud saman ya impakapanabet tan impa-kapannengnengan mi bokor na maamoamot ya sulatan mi so pakapankakabatan mi ya anggad impakasingkat nen amak na sakey a sulat ko ed sakey ya agew tan sikato met lamay impangiakar ton tampol ed siak ed sakey a colegio ray bibii ed Ibali tan niarawiak ed amin yua kabkabat ko. Nen si Pepe, sikatoyay ngaran to, akabatan toy asungpalan ko, nila ton agto nanangananganan si amak tan pasooten ton mapilit ya amtaen ed sikato so akasengeg. Apatey lawari nen amak ed gaway petang na oolu to noag asambot a asinkat na sakey ya manaayam ed sikami may sablin isigbat to lawari ed sikato. Andi talaw tan takut, agto inmalis ed arap nen amak ya anggad agto ya nibalikas iran salita, ‘Masiken ka la natan balet agmo niburi ya enn wala ka met ed kaugawan ya singa say siak, apalabas mo met yan liknaan ya singa say liknaan ko met natan. No kabosol moy amak nen saman tan natan, akin et lanoren mon manliknay irap so anak mo tan anak ton man ya kabosol mo? Lakiak tan say mundo maawang lawas ya panakarakaran ko ya pangitaligaygay irap tan sakit na sugat ya intilak mod pusok. Isambak ya say anak mo anggapoy pandeen na kalakal to ya anggad makaromog na lakin mangawit ed sikatod altar tan kienen ton kapisag na puso, laman tan kamarerua to.’ Ag akasel si amak tan ag akagalaw ya abayag a singa pinekpek na ambelat ya kiew. Nila toak ya tampol nen amak ed kawalaan ko tan siak so binilin ton maong tan tinempey toy agolon liknaan tan kalakal ko. Insipan ton iter ed siak ya ami labay tan nakaokulan ko dapot ilingwan koy Pepe. Impasambaan to met ed siak ya anggan sikami ya duan bokor nen Pepe so natilak ya manaltalindeg ed mundo, so agkon balut onaboloy ya miasawad sikato. Ugawak nin tultuloy ta mikalkalabinlimak, tan lapud niiluamak ed kabibilay ya walad inumay tan pankanawnawa, mainumay towak ya apaonor ed sayan kerew to. Nanlapud saman singa agko amtay petepeteg ya kareenan ya anggaman inatey si Pepe ed estrangero nen apalabas so pigaray taon, ya anggad agko pakapangibagad sikan amin nian aparalan kod bilay, ta inememan koyad dalem na pusok ya maomaong ya anggaman sika lay inarok.” “Akin ey, Vida?” kuay Mario’n nantepet. “Lapud diad pikakabat kon peteg ed kabaleg na panangarom ed siak, singak likliknaen ya agak onnepeg ed satan ya arom ta lapud asalik so angaro lan aminsan nen agak ni akasabid wangalay pusom.” Sinaltan toy daiset so yorung to, inkuan to lamet ya nanolit, “Mario, iter kod sikan dildili so pankanawnawa ya gawaen mo so labay mon kasungpalan ko natan ta nibagak lad sika so maamoamot ya secretok ya inatol kon masimoon ed pagew ko ya pigapigay taon. No walad nunot mo so pangikaindan mod siak tan pangisalat mo lad siak ed arum ya bin onnepeg ya maong ed sika nen say siak, walad sika tan ya pankanawnawa tan ekalen mo lay nilawan mon linawa ya siak wari apilim ya katangbayan mod bilay aya. Say arom ya niter tan nitilak mo lad siak ya napnoy katooran, lingkor tan katuaan so sikato lay pinagka ligliwak ed kabokoran no naandi kalan ligliwak ed bilay ko.” Si Mario tampol ya alimbos na liknaan ya agto nabenbenan. Alingwana to lay dilin inkasikato tan say dilin kasimpitay awey tan pitotoo to, inmalagey tan pinonggos toy Vida na dili rran taklay to, inangoban tod bibil ya ago to la nananganganan tan sikato met so onaonan inpakagawato, tan inolitolit ton inbagad sikato so saray priawat ton abayag lan panaon ya ipaamta ed sikato. “Vida, inaro takad amiamin day bii diad mundo ya anggan antoy Agawam o agawad sika. Sikay kien ko ya arowen, amamayoween, panlingkoran tan kayamanan ko natan, naani tan andi angga.” Kuan nen Mario. Nen asabin apalabas so taloran samba, Vida tan si Mario nankasal irad simbaan ya walaran akaimatoy kakaaro kakanayon tan kagkabat na familia ran dua. Samay abong ya nianakan nen Vida nagmaliwan toy nanaabetan day amin ya bibirbiren ya buleg na Lingayen tan Alaminos tan kangaranan dan ami insulat ed Society page na Tribune. Kayari bansal, samay “confesion” nen Vida so aminpinsan ya alingwanan dan dua, tan say walad nunod a lambengat so say inpakagamor day pirawrawat dan nasabi ya andi arum no agsa lanti panbilay dad kareenan tan gayaga. Eufemia Villamil 501 1273 2006-10-18T02:08:54Z Arikasikis 11 * [[Aseleng na Inawa]] * [[Pinawil to ray Boleg to]] Aseleng na Inawa 502 1272 2006-10-18T02:08:12Z Arikasikis 11 '''ASELENG NA INAWA''' nen ''Eufemia Villamil'' Asabi so wedding anniversary di sanasawan Bernardo tan si Melba ed inpakarapat day samploy taon ya maong dan olupan. Diad bayag dalan sanasawa ya manaamong, anggapoy bengatlan siblangan da no ag ingen manaari lawas so kaliketan ed loub na maawang dan ayaman. Si Bernardo ya abangonan to’d bilay to so maong ya arowan tan maong a pantalusan, nanengneng so ontan lan panamabli to ed kapisag na puso to tan ontan met ed saray anemiran anak da. Diad saman a mablin agew walaran dinmagup so atatagey ya oked na totoo laut lad saray maaro tan malugor ton ateng nen Bernardo tan ontan met na saray agi tan kakanayon to. “Mabuhay! Long Live!” So maliket ya nibelyaw day totoo ed saray sanasawa. “Salamat ed sikayon amin!” So nikuan day sanasawa ed saray sankaili ya aki-ambegya. Alimbos iray liket so totoo ed saman a labi. ANdi lay ginawa ra say nansayaw, nanpalek, naniinuman na alak tan angan. Baleg ya tanol so agawa ed dalem tan paway na marakep dan ayaman. Diad paway na kosina balet, nanengneng so ag manondan kimey tan oras na ikakana ran baso, plato, kutsara, tenedor tan arom nira. Si Bernardo ya maimano lawas ed saray totoo, adatngan ton anengneng so sanina ya dingan met lay yakar dala. Saraya nengneng day nababaingan tan atawag so imano nen Bernardo lapud nalikas ton singa mamapasnok si asawa to ed saraya. “Akin, Melba? Siopa raman? Angan lara?” So nantotombukan ton tepet. “Saraman so totoon ayaman day abong. Labay day onloub ya igaganggan. Mamapasnokak ta onlaradia amta maringdingot ira. Inablog kora laingen!” Ebat nen Melba. Lapud niduman ingal so nangel ed kawalaan day sankaili, kanian atawag so imano ray sanasawa. Tampol dinmago ra ed simpok day sankaili ya atiptipon. Labi lan maong nen nasungpal so saman ya ayayam. Saray totoo kinalkalnaan da met lay nanpatanir ed satay sanasawa. Ag nibalikas so kaliketan ya alikna na baling sakey ed saray dinmagup. Saray sanasawa, saray anak da tan saray igaganggan dara baleg met met so inkabanalan da. Asakbay iran nalaan na inpakaugip. Andi kita-kitaw ed abong kayari na inpanliliket da. “Sakay kan bin andi sibeg! Agko inilaluan ya ontan so ugalim! Kaonungan mo lan mangipanengneng itan a walna ed sika?” So nikuan nen Bernardo ed asawa to. “Akin et ontan so ibagam! Iner so nanggawaan koy makapoy ed sika?” Masebesebeg ya inebat nen bii. “Anggapoy makapoy ya ginawam! No amtak labat ya ontan so ugalim, dakel ni bin agko ni anengneng,” masiadoy pasnok nen Bernardo. “Ibagam ed siak no antoy kinolangan ko ya asawa. Niinter ko met so kanepegan kon sakey ya asawa tan sakey ya ina. Kaonugan mon mangibaga tan ed siak!” So nangisan ya ebat nen Melba. “Taboy kadia! Taboy kadia! Agko labay a nanengneng so lupam! Diad bayag talan manaamong, anggapoy nibagam ed panangarok ed sika, balet diad anengneng kon kalamngan mo ed dilin ateng mo, sikato tan so ugalim agko nitepel!” Mabakat ya paliwawa nen asawan laki. “Sikatotan so pamatabuyan mo ed siak ya asawam! Agak met nanlamang ed sika! Antoy pibibiang mo no malamangak ed ateng ko! Sikatotan so agmo nepeg ya louban!” Paliwawa nen Melba. “So kuanmo, Melba. Balet diad siak a mantalus ditan mapatnag so petepeteg ya inkatoom. No nayarian mon lamangen so ateng mon dili ya akautangan moy nagnap mon bilay, siopa ak nin agmo lamangen!” So maingal ya nibaga nen Bernardo. Lapud mapalaloy nangis nen Melba, kanian agto agawaan lay onebat ed si asawa ton singa oolamen so laman to ed kabaleg na pasnok to. “Taboy kadia! Taboy kadia ed sayan ayaman! Agko naako so ginawam ya kalamangan. Agak ni akanengneng na sankaugsan a too, no agmo bukod! Malamang! Malamang! Taboy kadia! Taboy ka!” So maingal ya baga nen asawan laki. Lapud manponiti tan maingal si Bernardo kanian narengel met si Melba ya maingal. “Daddy! Daddy! Akin? Antoy kokogipen yo? Akin et maingal kayo?” Si Bernardo ya naksawan ed gaway pasnok to, sansansakey so balikas to. “Salamat! Salamat! Kugip ko labat manaya. Salamat!” Diad biek tonian agawa, si Melba alikna to so niduman liknaan nen asawa to. Nanlapu lad saman, naaralan ton arowen si inato, tan lapud wala man a kinugip nen Bernardo kanian anonutan tomay akulaw ya anengneng ton nanpasnukan nen asawa to. Intepel ton inbaga ed si asawa to ya sman ya akulaw, et dilin ina to fan lapud duka ed kipapasen, inbaing to ya inkabat ed si asawa to. Anggaman mairap tan duka si katulangan nen Bernardo, siansian inpanengneng toy luor tan panangaro to ed si akulaw a dilin ateng na kapisag na puso to. Pinawil to ray Boleg to 503 1274 2006-10-18T02:09:32Z Arikasikis 11 '''INAWIL TORAY BOLEG TO''' nen ''Eufemia Villamil'' Lapud ag inilaluan ya isabi nen bakal diad dalin tayo, nanbabangil so agawgawa ed bilay lautlad inkiwaklit na saray mabli ed puso tayo lapud inkasakupan da ed a rawin pasen. Ontan la kalamor so gonigon na pagew nen malimgas ya asawa nen Genaro nen agto la agawaan so pinmawil ed diking day boleg to. Asaraan ya amin so ganaganay paaralan knian akatonda ed anapan to si Aurora ed pasen ton maestra. Lalon taluna so gonigon to lapud agto amta no iner so pangalaan toy legpet tod bilay tan saray anak ton talora. “Dya la ed kindi laki tan bai yoy laen tayon panayaman, anako,” so nikuan nen maaron ina ed saray talora. “Labay kod man, nanay! Dakel so niog diman! Abonton so lakamas! Sawaan so pisi-pising, lomboy tan kamantilis!” masiglat ya nibaga ray duaran yogtan ya anak to. “Dali sirin Nanay, diman itila ed kindi laki tan bai so panayanan tayo,” masiglat ya nibaga ray duaran yogtan ya anak to. “Dali sirin Nanay, diman itila ed kindi laki tan bai so panayanan tayo,” masiglat ya nibaga ray duaran yogtan ya anak to. Diad seet, kuli tan anos nen Aurora agawaan toy nanbilay a kabokbokuran ya andi si asawa ton katulong to. Nanbabuy tan nanmanuk iran saniina. Lapud walara ed otel na makapal a kaniogan di katulangan to, kanian mabetbet met so panlarak da na ilako ra, ta ontan lay bili na larak ed saraman a panaon. Sakey a lahbi nitepet nen Mario. “Nanay, kapigan balet so isengpet nen tatay ko ey?” “Agka mapaga anak, ta no nasungpal so bakal, onpawil dya lay tatay yo,” inpailalo nen ina. “Agaylan likeliket tayo ed satan! Anto, nanay?” maliket a nikuan day ogugaw. “Ogip kayo la sirin anako, pian masakbay kayon onbangon. Dakel so kimey tayo nabuas. Manulor itayo na niog,” nipasakbay nen ina ed saray anak to. Sanlegan na bakal ontan met lay kairapan ya nilikna nen Aurora lautla nen ag tola akab-kabatan so walan kipapasen nen asawa to lapud anggapo sa coreo, palapagan radio odinu anton bengatlan pakalaan na balita. Say agew, bulan tan taon dinmalan ya ag namantaan tan diad utel day kairapan tan kaermenan nen Aurora naanosan toray anak ton apan-aral. Ilalo lahwas so agnaoman ya diad agew iran onsabi walan siansia so pakanunot nen asawa ton onpawil ed sikara. “Nanay,” kuanday anak to, “akin kasi et agto balesen nen tatay mi so saray sulsulat me ed sikara? Talagan indaindan da itayo lan sigpot.” “Nayari met lagi, balet agak manisia ya agto met mailiw ed sikatayo,” ebat nen nanay da. “Nen sinulat tayoy tatay ko, nen naplag si agik pinakabatan tayo ra met. Agay lay awet na puso ran ag mansulat ed sikatayo!” maermen ya abisuat na anak ton bii. “Ag nayari ya makalinguan si tatay yo ed sikatayo. Anggapo met so kinulangan ko bilang ya nepeg ton barungan ed siak, andi bali, anak, manilalo kayo lawas ed Dios a katawan ta walan siansia so ipawil to ed sikatayo. Ag lara akasel so anak tan diad maong dan panangaro ed si nanay da, sikato so makapangiter na ilalo to ed bilay. Lapud asakbay iran nandem di Aurora tan saray kaiba to ed abong ed sman a lahbi, kanian walalaran mareereen ed loub na abong. Ag abayag walay nangel a bocis ya saya et abirbir nen Aurora. Amaarap a tampol ed pinto tan nilukasan toy katulangan ton laki tan mankelaw. Angigalang tan nanopapet. “Akin, ana, et akakar kayo dya ed srayan igsa? Antoy agawa? Antoy pegdat yo?” so manoosilan a tepet nen Aurora. “Walay pakelaw ed sika, anako, Pisalamatan koy baleg no mangiter na kaliketan mod bilay,” inpangigapo nen katulangan to. “Antoy labay yon ibaga, ama? Anto tan a pakelaw so kuanyo?” kuanen Aurora. “Sinmabi asawam, anako,” so ag napokpukan ya inbalita nen masiken. “Sinmabi Genaro! Iner so kawalaan to ey? Panliketan kon peteg ama so inpawil tod diking min boleg to Say ilalik ag balut naapa! Say Dios lawas agto ka paulian no agmo met ikaindan,” tan dingay inpanpales ton akila ed si katulangan to ya minengneng ed si asawa ton agto anengneng ya pigay taon. Cancion para diad saray Ugugaw 504 1320 2006-10-18T09:03:20Z 130.54.12.243 * [[Panyo]] * [[Kurok, Kurok, Manok]] * [[Buwabo, Katatbo]] * [[Kem, Kem, Kemakem]] * [[Sakey, Duwa]] * [[Manok kon Pugo]] * [[Bakak ya Kapon]] Panyo 505 1329 2006-10-19T13:32:31Z 202.71.92.74 '''Panyo''' ''sakey ya lullaby'' I Say akes nen (ngaran na sanggol), punasan tayo na panyo. Say pinanpunas ya panyo italem tayo, italem tayo Say intalem ya panyo igelgel tayo, igelgel tayo Say ingelgel ya panyo pespesen tayo, pespesen tayo Say pinespes ya panyo ibalaybay tayo, ibalaybay tayo Say imbalaybay ya panyo pamagaen tayo, pamagaen tayo II Say impamaga ya panyo ipunas tayo ed akes nen (ngaran na sanggol) Say pinanpunas ya panyo italem tayo, italem tayo Say intalem ya panyo igelgel tayo, igelgel tayo Say ingelgel ya panyo pespesen tayo, pespesen tayo Say pinespes ya panyo ibalaybay tayo, ibalaybay tayo Say imbalaybay ya panyo pamagaen tayo, pamagaen tayo ''ulitin so II'' Kurok, Kurok, Manok 506 1289 2006-10-18T08:32:54Z 130.54.12.244 Kurok, kurok, manok Masakbay ka pan ompokok Ta talaranan yay libot Libot ya sipok-sipok Nakandilay tanos Nanta kokoy galos Buwabo, Katatbo 507 1290 2006-10-18T08:34:03Z 130.54.12.244 Buabo, katatbo Napelag so anak mi Manbayar ka sanlibo Kem, Kem, Kemakem 508 1293 2006-10-18T08:36:27Z 130.54.12.244 ''para sanggol ya bii'' Kem, kem, kemakem Say agik masansanting Kaparpara na Birhen ''para sanggol ya laki'' Kem, kem, kemakem Say agik mareereen Pa pakaney kanen Sakey, Duwa 509 1294 2006-10-18T08:37:16Z 130.54.12.244 Sakey, dua, bibingka Talo, apat, patopat Lima, anem, intemtem Pito, walo , ampetang-petang ya puto Manok kon Pugo 510 1296 2006-10-18T08:38:24Z 130.54.12.244 Walay manok kon pugo Sasaliwen da lay walo Agko iter na walo Ta maong ya manluto. Walay manok kon sikling Sasaliwen da lay binting Agko iter na binting Ta maong ya manpising Cansion na Puso 511 1300 2006-10-18T08:40:53Z 130.54.12.244 Cancion na Puso 512 1318 2006-10-18T09:00:24Z 130.54.12.243 * [[Malinak lay Labi]] * [[Maminsad Sanagew]] * [[Pawilen Taka]] * [[Saray Luluak]] * [[Matalag ya Agew]] * [[No onya lan onya]] * [[Bituen Tan Dua]] * [[Pawil Kala]] * [[Puson Nankasalanan]] * [[Mairap So Mangaro]] * [[Bituen Ko]] * [[Inan Maaro]] * [[Liwaway Bulan]] * [[Nalingwan]] * [[Puson Maermen]] * [[Matila yan Nunot]] * [[Nilamang Mo'y Arok]] * [[Pagbabawi]] * [[Lapud Sika]] * [[Napapagaan]] * [[Diad Kasal Ko]] * [[Samar kani Agi]] * [[Pinagpabli Taka]] * [[Siknol na Aro]] Cancion diad Inkianak na Katawan 513 1304 2006-10-18T08:42:57Z 130.54.12.244 * [[Galiken]] odino [[Galiken|Alegando]] Cancion na Bansan Filipinas 514 1306 2006-10-18T08:43:47Z 130.54.12.244 * [[Oh, Pilipinas dalin min kagal-galang]] - National Anthem na [[Filipinas]], bersiyon na [[Pangasinan]] Cancion na Saray Kalangweran 515 1322 2006-10-18T09:04:19Z 130.54.12.243 * [[Rosing]] * [[Cancion na Kuya nen Rosing]] * [[Kasal nen Rosing]] Rosing 516 1309 2006-10-18T08:52:20Z 130.54.12.243 Siopa may walad tagey na torre? Si Rosing na amputi-puti Siopa may labay na manserserbi Si Berting ya maong na laki Cancion na Kuya nen Rosing 517 1310 2006-10-18T08:53:15Z 130.54.12.243 Akar ak lan akar Ed arawi lan dalan Katanga tangay ko et Abong ya sinalming Balitok so takayan Samporadoy dingding Bangon ka pa agi, Rosing Ta wadia ak lan pinabli Maminsad Sanagew 518 1313 2006-10-18T08:56:00Z 130.54.12.243 Maminsad sanagew ya agtaka nanengneng Sakiten toy olok lupoken toy pokel Ganaganay kanen ko mansisimentod pagew Inumen kon danum manbuknol ed beklew No wala ni panangasim sambot mon subegan Ganaganay remedyo walad saduan limam No onya lan onya 519 1315 2006-10-18T08:57:50Z 130.54.12.243 No onya lan onya Mabetbet ya inuman koy lua Ta pagew ngalngalin ombetag Ed irap iran mansasabid siak Masamit ko nin kaney Samal ya mangekal na bilay Nan say manbilay ak Ed sankabalgan na irap Matila yan Nunot 520 1317 2006-10-18T08:59:17Z 130.54.12.243 Matila yan nunot Isip ya magamgam Agka napampian Iner a la ra may Samit day salitam Angaro kay duara Saksakey ka ya laman Samar kani Agi 521 1319 2006-10-18T09:00:55Z 130.54.12.243 Nen karomay ngarem Apalabas ta ka Ibam si inarom Paypayongan to ka Samar kini Agi Kuan kon nansalita Intuwek moy lupam Tan agmo la intangwa Bakak ya Kapon 522 1321 2006-10-18T09:03:51Z 130.54.12.243 Walay bakak ya kapon Ambalanga tan malokon Batik lan batik Nakar toy San Isidro “Erel yo, erel yo” kuanen pare “Andi, andi” kuanen tiniente Imakalar toy batik Obet toy manpaparitpit Kasal nen Rosing 523 1323 2006-10-18T09:05:01Z 130.54.12.243 Ay, Rosing apiger mo Ta mankasal ka la no Sabado Abeten kay musiko Musikon manlapud Baguio