Biologija

Wikipedia http://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page MediaWiki 1.7alpha first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk Image Image talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk Biologija 6 2573 2002-05-30T08:56:43Z vo97-69.dial-up.volja.net *KOS Describe the new page here. ආයුෙබා්වන්. 13 43 2003-11-22T02:52:01Z proxy23.ihug.com.au * <h2>001 : Human error</h2> The Wikipedia you are looking for can not been found here <center>This subdomain is reserverd for the creation of a Wikipedia in the Sinhalese language. </center> <center>If you speak this language and think it would be cool to have your own Encyclopedia then you can make it. Go ahead. Delete this crap and start working on your Encyclopedia.</center> [http://www.wikipedia.org For more information go to the main website] You can find the Wikipedia in the Slovenian (Slovensko) language at http://sl.wikipedia.org 142 2003-12-25T06:41:11Z flets-a-west-12-219.dsn.jp * <h2>001 : Human error</h2> The Wikipedia you are looking for can not been found here <center>This subdomain is reserverd for the creation of a Wikipedia in the Sinhalese language. </center> <center>If you speak this language and think it would be cool to have your own Encyclopedia then you can make it. Go ahead. Delete this crap and start working on your Encyclopedia.</center> [http://www.wikipedia.org For more information go to the main website] You can find the Wikipedia in the Slovenian (Slovensko) language at http://sl.wikipedia.org [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Elsässische] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://as.wikipedia.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org (Balgarski)] [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Brezhoneg] - [http://ca.wikipedia.org Català] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Česky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://et.wikipedia.com Eesti] - [http://el.wikipedia.org (Ελληνικά Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.org Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (Farsi)] - [http://fr.wikipedia.com Français] - [http://fy.wikipedia.org Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.org Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaraní] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी (Hindi)] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://hr.wikipedia.org Hrvatski] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org Íslenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org (Hangukeo)] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Ekspreso] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lt.wikipedia.com Lietuviškai] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org Mâori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://nds.wikipedia.com Plattdüütsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com/ Polska] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pt.wikipedia.com/ Português] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.org/ Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.org Русский] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqiptare] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Singhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovensčina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svenska] - [http://sw.wikipedia.org kiSwahili] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org Tatarça] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org Türkçe] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek] - [http://vi.wikipedia.org Tiếng Việt] - [http://vo.wikipedia.org Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zh.wikipedia.org (Zhongwen)/Hanyu] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] 144 2004-02-16T02:31:52Z 212.100.178.141 <h2>001 : Human error</h2> The Wikipedia you are looking for can not been found here <center>This subdomain is reserverd for the creation of a Wikipedia in the Sinhalese language. </center> <center>If you speak this language and think it would be cool to have your own Encyclopedia then you can make it. Go ahead. Delete this crap and start working on your Encyclopedia.</center> [http://www.wikipedia.org For more information go to the main website] You can find the Wikipedia in the Slovenian (Slovensko) language at http://sl.wikipedia.org [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Elsässische] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://as.wikipedia.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org (Balgarski)] [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.org Català] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Česky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://et.wikipedia.com Eesti] - [http://el.wikipedia.org (Ελληνικά Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.org Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (Farsi)] - [http://fr.wikipedia.com Français] - [http://fy.wikipedia.org Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.org Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaraní] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी (Hindi)] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://hr.wikipedia.org Hrvatski] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org Íslenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org (Hangukeo)] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Ekspreso] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lt.wikipedia.com Lietuviškai] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org Mâori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://nds.wikipedia.com Plattdüütsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com/ Polska] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pt.wikipedia.com/ Português] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.org/ Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.org Русский] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqiptare] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Singhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovensčina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svenska] - [http://sw.wikipedia.org kiSwahili] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org Tatarça] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org Türkçe] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek] - [http://vi.wikipedia.org Tiếng Việt] - [http://vo.wikipedia.org Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zh.wikipedia.org (Zhongwen)/Hanyu] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] 145 2004-03-24T23:32:49Z 66.92.26.227 =සිංහල= <h2>001 : Human error</h2> The Wikipedia you are looking for can not been found here <center>This subdomain is reserved for the creation of a Wikipedia in the Sinhalese language. </center> <center>If you speak this language and think it would be cool to have your own Encyclopedia then you can make it. Go ahead. Delete this crap and start working on your Encyclopedia.</center> [http://www.wikipedia.org For more information go to the main website] You can find the Wikipedia in the Slovenian (Slovensko) language at http://sl.wikipedia.org [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Elsässische] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://as.wikipedia.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org (Balgarski)] [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.org Català] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Česky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://et.wikipedia.com Eesti] - [http://el.wikipedia.org (Ελληνικά Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.org Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (Farsi)] - [http://fr.wikipedia.com Français] - [http://fy.wikipedia.org Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.org Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaraní] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी (Hindi)] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://hr.wikipedia.org Hrvatski] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org Íslenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org (Hangukeo)] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Ekspreso] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lt.wikipedia.com Lietuviškai] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org Mâori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://nds.wikipedia.com Plattdüütsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com/ Polska] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pt.wikipedia.com/ Português] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.org/ Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.org Русский] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqiptare] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Singhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovensčina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svenska] - [http://sw.wikipedia.org kiSwahili] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org Tatarça] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org Türkçe] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek] - [http://vi.wikipedia.org Tiếng Việt] - [http://vo.wikipedia.org Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zh.wikipedia.org (Zhongwen)/Hanyu] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] 146 2004-03-28T16:25:36Z 213.169.38.171 =සිංහල= <h2>001 : Human error</h2> The Wikipedia you are looking for can not been found here <center>This subdomain is reserved for the creation of a Wikipedia in the Sinhalese language. </center> <center>If you speak this language and think it would be cool to have your own Encyclopedia then you can make it. Go ahead. Delete this crap and start working on your Encyclopedia.</center> [http://www.wikipedia.org For more information go to the main website] You can find the Wikipedia in the Slovenian (Slovensko) language at http://sl.wikipedia.org [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Elsässische] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://as.wikipedia.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org Balgarski] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.org Català] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Česky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://et.wikipedia.com Eesti] - [http://el.wikipedia.org (Ελληνικά Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.org Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (Farsi)] - [http://fr.wikipedia.com Français] - [http://fy.wikipedia.org Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.org Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaraní] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी (Hindi)] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://hr.wikipedia.org Hrvatski] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org Íslenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org (Hangukeo)] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Ekspreso] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lt.wikipedia.com Lietuviškai] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org Mâori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://nds.wikipedia.com Plattdüütsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com/ Polska] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pt.wikipedia.com/ Português] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.org/ Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.org Русский] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqiptare] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Singhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovensčina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svenska] - [http://sw.wikipedia.org kiSwahili] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org Tatarça] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org Türkçe] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek] - [http://vi.wikipedia.org Tiếng Việt] - [http://vo.wikipedia.org Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zh.wikipedia.org (Zhongwen)/Hanyu] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] 147 2004-04-01T22:20:40Z 83.77.69.61 =සිංහල= <h2>001 : Human error</h2> The Wikipedia you are looking for can not been found here <center>This subdomain is reserved for the creation of a Wikipedia in the Sinhalese language. </center> <center>If you speak this language and think it would be cool to have your own Encyclopedia then you can make it. Go ahead. Delete this crap and start working on your Encyclopedia.</center> [http://www.wikipedia.org For more information go to the main website] Current number of articles: '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' You can find the Wikipedia in the Slovenian (Slovensko) language at http://sl.wikipedia.org [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Elsässische] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://as.wikipedia.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org Balgarski] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.org Català] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Česky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://et.wikipedia.com Eesti] - [http://el.wikipedia.org (Ελληνικά Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.org Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (Farsi)] - [http://fr.wikipedia.com Français] - [http://fy.wikipedia.org Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.org Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaraní] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी (Hindi)] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://hr.wikipedia.org Hrvatski] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org Íslenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org (Hangukeo)] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Ekspreso] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lt.wikipedia.com Lietuviškai] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org Mâori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://nds.wikipedia.com Plattdüütsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com/ Polska] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pt.wikipedia.com/ Português] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.org/ Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.org Русский] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqiptare] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Singhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovensčina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svenska] - [http://sw.wikipedia.org kiSwahili] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org Tatarça] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org Türkçe] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek] - [http://vi.wikipedia.org Tiếng Việt] - [http://vo.wikipedia.org Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zh.wikipedia.org (Zhongwen)/Hanyu] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] 148 2004-04-03T20:57:54Z 81.212.103.54 =සිංහල= <center>This subdomain is reserved for the creation of a Wikipedia in the Sinhalese language. </center> <center>If you speak this language and think it would be cool to have your own Encyclopedia then you can make it. Go ahead. Delete this crap and start working on your Encyclopedia.</center> [http://www.wikipedia.org For more information go to the main website] Current number of articles: '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' You can find the Wikipedia in the Slovenian (Slovensko) language at http://sl.wikipedia.org [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Elsässische] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://as.wikipedia.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org Balgarski] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.org Català] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Česky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://et.wikipedia.com Eesti] - [http://el.wikipedia.org (Ελληνικά Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.org Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (Farsi)] - [http://fr.wikipedia.com Français] - [http://fy.wikipedia.org Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.org Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaraní] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी (Hindi][http://www.hukuki.net )] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://hr.wikipedia.org Hrvatski] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org Íslenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org (Hangukeo)] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Ekspreso] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lt.wikipedia.com Lietuviškai] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org Mâori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://nds.wikipedia.com Plattdüütsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com/ Polska] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pt.wikipedia.com/ Português] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.org/ Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.org Русский] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqiptare] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Singhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovensčina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svenska] - [http://sw.wikipedia.org kiSwahili] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org Tatarça] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org Türkçe] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek] - [http://vi.wikipedia.org Tiếng Việt] - [http://vo.wikipedia.org Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zh.wikipedia.org (Zhongwen)/Hanyu] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] 149 2004-04-03T20:58:33Z 81.212.103.54 =Sinhalese= <center>This subdomain is reserved for the creation of a Wikipedia in the Sinhalese language. </center> <center>If you speak this language and think it would be cool to have your own Encyclopedia then you can make it. Go ahead. Delete this crap and start working on your Encyclopedia.</center> [http://www.wikipedia.org For more information go to the main website] Current number of articles: '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' You can find the Wikipedia in the Slovenian (Slovensko) language at http://sl.wikipedia.org [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Elsässische] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://as.wikipedia.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org Balgarski] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.org Català] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Česky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://et.wikipedia.com Eesti] - [http://el.wikipedia.org (Ελληνικά Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.org Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (Farsi)] - [http://fr.wikipedia.com Français] - [http://fy.wikipedia.org Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.org Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaraní] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी (Hindi][http://www.hukuki.net )] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://hr.wikipedia.org Hrvatski] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org Íslenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org (Hangukeo)] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Ekspreso] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lt.wikipedia.com Lietuviškai] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org Mâori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://nds.wikipedia.com Plattdüütsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com/ Polska] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pt.wikipedia.com/ Português] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.org/ Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.org Русский] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqiptare] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Singhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovensčina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svenska] - [http://sw.wikipedia.org kiSwahili] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org Tatarça] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org Türkçe] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek] - [http://vi.wikipedia.org Tiếng Việt] - [http://vo.wikipedia.org Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zh.wikipedia.org (Zhongwen)/Hanyu] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] 150 2004-04-03T21:00:15Z 81.212.103.54 =Sinhalese= <center>This subdomain is reserved for the creation of a Wikipedia in the Sinhalese language. </center> <center>If you speak this language and think it would be cool to have your own Encyclopedia then you can make it. Go ahead. Delete this crap and start working on your Encyclopedia [http://www.wikipedia.org For more information go to the main website] Current number of articles: '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' You can find the Wikipedia in the Slovenian (Slovensko) language at http://sl.wikipedia.org [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Elsässische] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://as.wikipedia.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org Balgarski] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.org Català] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Česky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://et.wikipedia.com Eesti] - [http://el.wikipedia.org (Ελληνικά Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.org Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (Farsi)] - [http://fr.wikipedia.com Français] - [http://fy.wikipedia.org Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.org Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaraní] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी (Hindi][http://www.hukuki.net )] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://hr.wikipedia.org Hrvatski] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org Íslenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org (Hangukeo)] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Ekspreso] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lt.wikipedia.com Lietuviškai] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org Mâori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://nds.wikipedia.com Plattdüütsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com/ Polska] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pt.wikipedia.com/ Português] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.org/ Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.org Русский] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqiptare] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Singhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovensčina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svenska] - [http://sw.wikipedia.org kiSwahili] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org Tatarça] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org Türkçe] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek] - [http://vi.wikipedia.org Tiếng Việt] - [http://vo.wikipedia.org Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zh.wikipedia.org (Zhongwen)/Hanyu] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] 157 2004-04-04T13:24:18Z Angela 3 remove hukuki spam =Sinhalese= <center>This subdomain is reserved for the creation of a Wikipedia in the Sinhalese language. </center> <center>If you speak this language and think it would be cool to have your own Encyclopedia then you can make it. Go ahead. Delete this crap and start working on your Encyclopedia [http://www.wikipedia.org For more information go to the main website] Current number of articles: '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' You can find the Wikipedia in the Slovenian (Slovensko) language at http://sl.wikipedia.org [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Elsässische] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://as.wikipedia.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org Balgarski] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.org Català] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Česky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://et.wikipedia.com Eesti] - [http://el.wikipedia.org (Ελληνικά Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.org Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (Farsi)] - [http://fr.wikipedia.com Français] - [http://fy.wikipedia.org Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.org Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaraní] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी (Hindi] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://hr.wikipedia.org Hrvatski] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org Íslenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org (Hangukeo)] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Ekspreso] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lt.wikipedia.com Lietuviškai] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org Mâori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://nds.wikipedia.com Plattdüütsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com/ Polska] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pt.wikipedia.com/ Português] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.org/ Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.org Русский] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqiptare] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Singhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovensčina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svenska] - [http://sw.wikipedia.org kiSwahili] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org Tatarça] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org Türkçe] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek] - [http://vi.wikipedia.org Tiếng Việt] - [http://vo.wikipedia.org Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zh.wikipedia.org (Zhongwen)/Hanyu] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] 921 2004-05-29T05:21:17Z 151.204.159.22 =Sinhalese= Sinhalese page ... Comming Soon..... Yoga Raja <center>This subdomain is reserved for the creation of a Wikipedia in the Sinhalese language. </center> <center>If you speak this language and think it would be cool to have your own Encyclopedia then you can make it. Go ahead. Delete this crap and start working on your Encyclopedia [http://www.wikipedia.org For more information go to the main website] Current number of articles: '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' You can find the Wikipedia in the Slovenian (Slovensko) language at http://sl.wikipedia.org [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Elsässische] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://as.wikipedia.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org Balgarski] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.org Català] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Česky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://et.wikipedia.com Eesti] - [http://el.wikipedia.org (Ελληνικά Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.org Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (Farsi)] - [http://fr.wikipedia.com Français] - [http://fy.wikipedia.org Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.org Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaraní] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी (Hindi] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://hr.wikipedia.org Hrvatski] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org Íslenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org (Hangukeo)] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Ekspreso] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lt.wikipedia.com Lietuviškai] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org Mâori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://nds.wikipedia.com Plattdüütsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com/ Polska] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pt.wikipedia.com/ Português] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.org/ Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.org Русский] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqiptare] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Singhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovensčina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svenska] - [http://sw.wikipedia.org kiSwahili] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org Tatarça] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org Türkçe] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek] - [http://vi.wikipedia.org Tiếng Việt] - [http://vo.wikipedia.org Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zh.wikipedia.org (Zhongwen)/Hanyu] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] 922 2004-09-22T14:05:18Z 213.169.38.188 =Sinhalese= Sinhalese page ... Coming Soon..... Yoga Raja <center>This subdomain is reserved for the creation of a Wikipedia in the Sinhalese language. </center> <center>If you speak this language and think it would be cool to have your own Encyclopedia then you can make it. Go ahead. Delete this crap and start working on your Encyclopedia [http://www.wikipedia.org For more information go to the main website] Current number of articles: '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' You can find the Wikipedia in the Slovenian (Slovensko) language at http://sl.wikipedia.org [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Elsässische] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://as.wikipedia.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org Balgarski] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.org Català] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Česky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://et.wikipedia.com Eesti] - [http://el.wikipedia.org (Ελληνικά Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.org Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (Farsi)] - [http://fr.wikipedia.com Français] - [http://fy.wikipedia.org Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.org Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaraní] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी (Hindi] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://hr.wikipedia.org Hrvatski] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org Íslenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org (Hangukeo)] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Ekspreso] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lt.wikipedia.com Lietuviškai] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org Mâori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://nds.wikipedia.com Plattdüütsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com/ Polska] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pt.wikipedia.com/ Português] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.org/ Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.org Русский] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqiptare] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Singhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovensčina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svenska] - [http://sw.wikipedia.org kiSwahili] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org Tatarça] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org Türkçe] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek] - [http://vi.wikipedia.org Tiếng Việt] - [http://vo.wikipedia.org Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zh.wikipedia.org (Zhongwen)/Hanyu] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] 923 2004-10-08T07:57:05Z 193.77.124.253 =Sinhalese= Sinhalese page ... Coming Soon..... Yoga Raja fdfdfd <center>This subdomain is reserved for the creation of a Wikipedia in the Sinhalese language. </center> <center>If you speak this language and think it would be cool to have your own Encyclopedia then you can make it. Go ahead. Delete this crap and start working on your Encyclopedia [http://www.wikipedia.org For more information go to the main website] Current number of articles: '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' You can find the Wikipedia in the Slovenian (Slovensko) language at http://sl.wikipedia.org [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Elsässische] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://as.wikipedia.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org Balgarski] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.org Català] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Česky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://et.wikipedia.com Eesti] - [http://el.wikipedia.org (Ελληνικά Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.org Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (Farsi)] - [http://fr.wikipedia.com Français] - [http://fy.wikipedia.org Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.org Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaraní] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी (Hindi] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://hr.wikipedia.org Hrvatski] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org Íslenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org (Hangukeo)] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Ekspreso] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lt.wikipedia.com Lietuviškai] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org Mâori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://nds.wikipedia.com Plattdüütsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com/ Polska] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pt.wikipedia.com/ Português] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.org/ Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.org Русский] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqiptare] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Singhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovensčina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svenska] - [http://sw.wikipedia.org kiSwahili] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org Tatarça] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org Türkçe] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek] - [http://vi.wikipedia.org Tiếng Việt] - [http://vo.wikipedia.org Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zh.wikipedia.org (Zhongwen)/Hanyu] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] 924 2004-10-11T10:31:41Z 213.250.57.19 /* Sinhalese */ Simon Kurincic Kako ste ??? =Sinhalese= Sinhalese page ... Coming Soon..... Yoga Raja fdfdfd <center>This subdomain is reserved for the creation of a Wikipedia in the Sinhalese language. </center> <center>If you speak this language and think it would be cool to have your own Encyclopedia then you can make it. Go ahead. Delete this crap and start working on your Encyclopedia [http://www.wikipedia.org For more information go to the main website] Current number of articles: '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' You can find the Wikipedia in the Slovenian (Slovensko) language at http://sl.wikipedia.org [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Elsässische] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://as.wikipedia.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org Balgarski] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.org Català] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Česky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://et.wikipedia.com Eesti] - [http://el.wikipedia.org (Ελληνικά Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.org Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (Farsi)] - [http://fr.wikipedia.com Français] - [http://fy.wikipedia.org Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.org Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaraní] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी (Hindi] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://hr.wikipedia.org Hrvatski] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org Íslenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org (Hangukeo)] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Ekspreso] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lt.wikipedia.com Lietuviškai] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org Mâori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://nds.wikipedia.com Plattdüütsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com/ Polska] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pt.wikipedia.com/ Português] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.org/ Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.org Русский] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqiptare] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Singhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovensčina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svenska] - [http://sw.wikipedia.org kiSwahili] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org Tatarça] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org Türkçe] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek] - [http://vi.wikipedia.org Tiếng Việt] - [http://vo.wikipedia.org Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zh.wikipedia.org (Zhongwen)/Hanyu] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] 925 2004-10-11T10:32:34Z 213.250.57.19 '''Simon Kurincic''' Kako ste ??? To sem ti pravkar napisal tako da lahko vsi, ki obiscejo to stran preberejo... =Sinhalese= Sinhalese page ... Coming Soon..... Yoga Raja fdfdfd <center>This subdomain is reserved for the creation of a Wikipedia in the Sinhalese language. </center> <center>If you speak this language and think it would be cool to have your own Encyclopedia then you can make it. Go ahead. Delete this crap and start working on your Encyclopedia [http://www.wikipedia.org For more information go to the main website] Current number of articles: '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' You can find the Wikipedia in the Slovenian (Slovensko) language at http://sl.wikipedia.org [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Elsässische] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://as.wikipedia.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org Balgarski] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.org Català] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Česky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://et.wikipedia.com Eesti] - [http://el.wikipedia.org (Ελληνικά Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.org Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (Farsi)] - [http://fr.wikipedia.com Français] - [http://fy.wikipedia.org Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.org Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaraní] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी (Hindi] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://hr.wikipedia.org Hrvatski] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org Íslenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org (Hangukeo)] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Ekspreso] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lt.wikipedia.com Lietuviškai] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org Mâori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://nds.wikipedia.com Plattdüütsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com/ Polska] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pt.wikipedia.com/ Português] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.org/ Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.org Русский] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqiptare] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Singhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovensčina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svenska] - [http://sw.wikipedia.org kiSwahili] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org Tatarça] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org Türkçe] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek] - [http://vi.wikipedia.org Tiếng Việt] - [http://vo.wikipedia.org Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zh.wikipedia.org (Zhongwen)/Hanyu] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] 926 2004-10-11T10:33:57Z 213.250.57.19 '''Simon Kurincic''' Kako ste ??? To sem ti pravkar napisal tako da lahko vsi, ki obiscejo to stran preberejo... Lahko bi naredil tako stran za Solo, kjer bi vsak nekaj napisal, dodal, uredil,... Ucitelji posebej, ucenci posebej... =Sinhalese= Sinhalese page ... Coming Soon..... Yoga Raja fdfdfd <center>This subdomain is reserved for the creation of a Wikipedia in the Sinhalese language. </center> <center>If you speak this language and think it would be cool to have your own Encyclopedia then you can make it. Go ahead. Delete this crap and start working on your Encyclopedia [http://www.wikipedia.org For more information go to the main website] Current number of articles: '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' You can find the Wikipedia in the Slovenian (Slovensko) language at http://sl.wikipedia.org [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Elsässische] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://as.wikipedia.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org Balgarski] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.org Català] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Česky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://et.wikipedia.com Eesti] - [http://el.wikipedia.org (Ελληνικά Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.org Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (Farsi)] - [http://fr.wikipedia.com Français] - [http://fy.wikipedia.org Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.org Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaraní] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी (Hindi] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://hr.wikipedia.org Hrvatski] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org Íslenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org (Hangukeo)] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Ekspreso] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lt.wikipedia.com Lietuviškai] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org Mâori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://nds.wikipedia.com Plattdüütsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com/ Polska] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pt.wikipedia.com/ Português] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.org/ Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.org Русский] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqiptare] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Singhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovensčina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svenska] - [http://sw.wikipedia.org kiSwahili] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org Tatarça] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org Türkçe] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek] - [http://vi.wikipedia.org Tiếng Việt] - [http://vo.wikipedia.org Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zh.wikipedia.org (Zhongwen)/Hanyu] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] 929 2004-10-11T10:35:56Z 213.250.57.19 =Sinhalese= Sinhalese page ... Coming Soon..... Yoga Raja fdfdfd <center>This subdomain is reserved for the creation of a Wikipedia in the Sinhalese language. </center> <center>If you speak this language and think it would be cool to have your own Encyclopedia then you can make it. Go ahead. Delete this crap and start working on your Encyclopedia [http://www.wikipedia.org For more information go to the main website] Current number of articles: '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' You can find the Wikipedia in the Slovenian (Slovensko) language at http://sl.wikipedia.org [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Elsässische] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://as.wikipedia.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org Balgarski] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.org Català] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Česky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://et.wikipedia.com Eesti] - [http://el.wikipedia.org (Ελληνικά Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.org Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (Farsi)] - [http://fr.wikipedia.com Français] - [http://fy.wikipedia.org Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.org Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaraní] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी (Hindi] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://hr.wikipedia.org Hrvatski] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org Íslenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org (Hangukeo)] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Ekspreso] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lt.wikipedia.com Lietuviškai] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org Mâori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://nds.wikipedia.com Plattdüütsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com/ Polska] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pt.wikipedia.com/ Português] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.org/ Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.org Русский] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqiptare] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Singhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovensčina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svenska] - [http://sw.wikipedia.org kiSwahili] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org Tatarça] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org Türkçe] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek] - [http://vi.wikipedia.org Tiếng Việt] - [http://vo.wikipedia.org Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zh.wikipedia.org (Zhongwen)/Hanyu] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] 941 2004-11-17T11:22:22Z 141.53.194.251 =Sinhalese= Sinhalese page ... Coming Soon..... Yoga Raja <center>This subdomain is reserved for the creation of a Wikipedia in the Sinhalese language. </center> <center>If you speak this language and think it would be cool to have your own Encyclopedia then you can make it. Go ahead. Delete this crap and start working on your Encyclopedia [http://www.wikipedia.org For more information go to the main website] Current number of articles: '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' You can find the Wikipedia in the Slovenian (Slovensko) language at http://sl.wikipedia.org [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Elsässische] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://as.wikipedia.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org Balgarski] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.org Català] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Česky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://et.wikipedia.com Eesti] - [http://el.wikipedia.org (Ελληνικά Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.org Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (Farsi)] - [http://fr.wikipedia.com Français] - [http://fy.wikipedia.org Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.org Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaraní] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी (Hindi] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://hr.wikipedia.org Hrvatski] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org Íslenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org (Hangukeo)] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Ekspreso] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lt.wikipedia.com Lietuviškai] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org Mâori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://nds.wikipedia.com Plattdüütsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com/ Polska] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pt.wikipedia.com/ Português] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.org/ Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.org Русский] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqiptare] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Singhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovensčina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svenska] - [http://sw.wikipedia.org kiSwahili] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org Tatarça] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org Türkçe] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek] - [http://vi.wikipedia.org Tiếng Việt] - [http://vo.wikipedia.org Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zh.wikipedia.org (Zhongwen)/Hanyu] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] 942 2004-11-25T22:01:37Z 210.18.189.95 sinhala font from http://sinhala.linux.lk/ =Sinhalese= <center>This subdomain is reserved for the creation of a Wikipedia in the Sinhalese language. </center> <center>If you speak this language and think it would be cool to have your own Encyclopedia then you can make it. Go ahead. Delete this crap and start working on your Encyclopedia [http://en.wikipedia.org/ For more information go to the English website] Current number of articles: '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' Sinhalese page ... Coming Soon..... Yoga Raja Getting a Sinhalese font: #Go to http://sinhala.linux.lk/. #Click the [http://sinhala.linux.lk/pub/0.2/ download link]. #Download [http://sinhala.linux.lk/pub/0.2/sinhala-gnu-linux-0.2.tar.gz the tarball]. Extracting the font out of it: #Search for the file lklug.otf in the tarball and extract it into any convenient directory. Installing the font: *Windows: Open the directory where you extracted lklug.otf, open control panel->fonts, drag & drop the otf into the fonts window. *GNOME 2.x: Open the directory where you extracted lklug.otf in the file manager, open <tt>fonts:///</tt> in another file manager window, drag & drop the otf into the fonts window. *Linux/*BSD (with XFreetype): Ensure the directory ~/.fonts/ exists and copy lklug.otf to ~/.fonts/. If this doesn't work, check which directories are referenced in /etc/fonts/fonts.conf and copy the file to one of those directories. Configuring the browser to use the font: *In the browser settings for character-set "Unicode", select the font "lklug" for all font families. NOTE: If your rendering engine (e.g. Internet Explorer's renderer or Gecko or Pango, etc.) doesn't have "complex text layout/Indic support/<whatever other names it is called as>" for Sinhalese, it may not combine consonants & vowel signs properly. You can find the Wikipedia in the Slovenian (Slovensko) language at http://sl.wikipedia.org [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Elsässische] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://as.wikipedia.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org Balgarski] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.org Català] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Česky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://et.wikipedia.com Eesti] - [http://el.wikipedia.org (Ελληνικά Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.org Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (Farsi)] - [http://fr.wikipedia.com Français] - [http://fy.wikipedia.org Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.org Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaraní] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी (Hindi] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://hr.wikipedia.org Hrvatski] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org Íslenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org (Hangukeo)] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Ekspreso] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lt.wikipedia.com Lietuviškai] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org Mâori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://nds.wikipedia.com Plattdüütsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com/ Polska] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pt.wikipedia.com/ Português] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.org/ Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.org Русский] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqiptare] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Singhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovensčina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svenska] - [http://sw.wikipedia.org kiSwahili] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org Tatarça] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org Türkçe] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek] - [http://vi.wikipedia.org Tiếng Việt] - [http://vo.wikipedia.org Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zh.wikipedia.org (Zhongwen)/Hanyu] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] 1623 2004-11-25T22:02:54Z 210.18.189.95 fmt =Sinhalese= <center>This subdomain is reserved for the creation of a Wikipedia in the Sinhalese language. </center> <center>If you speak this language and think it would be cool to have your own Encyclopedia then you can make it. Go ahead. Delete this crap and start working on your Encyclopedia [http://en.wikipedia.org/ For more information go to the English website] Current number of articles: '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' Sinhalese page ... Coming Soon..... Yoga Raja </center> Getting a Sinhalese font: #Go to http://sinhala.linux.lk/. #Click the [http://sinhala.linux.lk/pub/0.2/ download link]. #Download [http://sinhala.linux.lk/pub/0.2/sinhala-gnu-linux-0.2.tar.gz the tarball]. Extracting the font out of it: #Search for the file lklug.otf in the tarball and extract it into any convenient directory. Installing the font: *Windows: Open the directory where you extracted lklug.otf, open control panel->fonts, drag & drop the otf into the fonts window. *GNOME 2.x: Open the directory where you extracted lklug.otf in the file manager, open <tt>fonts:///</tt> in another file manager window, drag & drop the otf into the fonts window. *Linux/*BSD (with XFreetype): Ensure the directory ~/.fonts/ exists and copy lklug.otf to ~/.fonts/. If this doesn't work, check which directories are referenced in /etc/fonts/fonts.conf and copy the file to one of those directories. Configuring the browser to use the font: *In the browser settings for character-set "Unicode", select the font "lklug" for all font families. NOTE: If your rendering engine (e.g. Internet Explorer's renderer or Gecko or Pango, etc.) doesn't have "complex text layout/Indic support/<whatever other names it is called as>" for Sinhalese, it may not combine consonants & vowel signs properly. You can find the Wikipedia in the Slovenian (Slovensko) language at http://sl.wikipedia.org [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Elsässische] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://as.wikipedia.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org Balgarski] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.org Català] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Česky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://et.wikipedia.com Eesti] - [http://el.wikipedia.org (Ελληνικά Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.org Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (Farsi)] - [http://fr.wikipedia.com Français] - [http://fy.wikipedia.org Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.org Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaraní] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी (Hindi] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://hr.wikipedia.org Hrvatski] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org Íslenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org (Hangukeo)] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Ekspreso] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lt.wikipedia.com Lietuviškai] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org Mâori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://nds.wikipedia.com Plattdüütsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com/ Polska] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pt.wikipedia.com/ Português] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.org/ Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.org Русский] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqiptare] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Singhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovensčina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svenska] - [http://sw.wikipedia.org kiSwahili] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org Tatarça] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org Türkçe] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek] - [http://vi.wikipedia.org Tiếng Việt] - [http://vo.wikipedia.org Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zh.wikipedia.org (Zhongwen)/Hanyu] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] 1625 2004-12-31T22:47:15Z 4.3.206.65 /* Sinhalese */ =Sinhalese= <center>This subdomain is reserved for the creation of a Wikipedia in the Sinhalese language. </center> <center>If you speak this language and think it would be cool to have your own Encyclopedia then you can make it. Go ahead. Delete this crap and start working on your Encyclopedia [http://en.wikipedia.org/ For more information go to the English website] Current number of articles: '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' Sinhalese page ... Coming Soon..... </center> Getting a Sinhalese font: #Go to http://sinhala.linux.lk/. #Click the [http://sinhala.linux.lk/pub/0.2/ download link]. #Download [http://sinhala.linux.lk/pub/0.2/sinhala-gnu-linux-0.2.tar.gz the tarball]. Extracting the font out of it: #Search for the file lklug.otf in the tarball and extract it into any convenient directory. Installing the font: *Windows: Open the directory where you extracted lklug.otf, open control panel->fonts, drag & drop the otf into the fonts window. *GNOME 2.x: Open the directory where you extracted lklug.otf in the file manager, open <tt>fonts:///</tt> in another file manager window, drag & drop the otf into the fonts window. *Linux/*BSD (with XFreetype): Ensure the directory ~/.fonts/ exists and copy lklug.otf to ~/.fonts/. If this doesn't work, check which directories are referenced in /etc/fonts/fonts.conf and copy the file to one of those directories. Configuring the browser to use the font: *In the browser settings for character-set "Unicode", select the font "lklug" for all font families. NOTE: If your rendering engine (e.g. Internet Explorer's renderer or Gecko or Pango, etc.) doesn't have "complex text layout/Indic support/<whatever other names it is called as>" for Sinhalese, it may not combine consonants & vowel signs properly. You can find the Wikipedia in the Slovenian (Slovensko) language at http://sl.wikipedia.org [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Elsässische] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://as.wikipedia.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org Balgarski] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.org Català] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Česky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://et.wikipedia.com Eesti] - [http://el.wikipedia.org (Ελληνικά Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.org Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (Farsi)] - [http://fr.wikipedia.com Français] - [http://fy.wikipedia.org Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.org Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaraní] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी (Hindi] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://hr.wikipedia.org Hrvatski] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org Íslenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org (Hangukeo)] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Ekspreso] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lt.wikipedia.com Lietuviškai] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org Mâori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://nds.wikipedia.com Plattdüütsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com/ Polska] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pt.wikipedia.com/ Português] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.org/ Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.org Русский] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqiptare] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Singhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovensčina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svenska] - [http://sw.wikipedia.org kiSwahili] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org Tatarça] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org Türkçe] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek] - [http://vi.wikipedia.org Tiếng Việt] - [http://vo.wikipedia.org Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zh.wikipedia.org (Zhongwen)/Hanyu] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] 1626 2005-01-15T20:53:35Z 194.249.35.29 /* Sinhalese */ =Sinhalese= <center>This subdomain is reserved for the creation of a Wikipedia in the Sinhalese language. </center> <center>lolololollol [http://en.wikipedia.org/ For more information go to the English website] Current number of articles: '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' Sinhalese page ... Coming Soon..... </center> Getting a Sinhalese font: #Go to http://sinhala.linux.lk/. #Click the [http://sinhala.linux.lk/pub/0.2/ download link]. #Download [http://sinhala.linux.lk/pub/0.2/sinhala-gnu-linux-0.2.tar.gz the tarball]. Extracting the font out of it: #Search for the file lklug.otf in the tarball and extract it into any convenient directory. Installing the font: *Windows: Open the directory where you extracted lklug.otf, open control panel->fonts, drag & drop the otf into the fonts window. *GNOME 2.x: Open the directory where you extracted lklug.otf in the file manager, open <tt>fonts:///</tt> in another file manager window, drag & drop the otf into the fonts window. *Linux/*BSD (with XFreetype): Ensure the directory ~/.fonts/ exists and copy lklug.otf to ~/.fonts/. If this doesn't work, check which directories are referenced in /etc/fonts/fonts.conf and copy the file to one of those directories. Configuring the browser to use the font: *In the browser settings for character-set "Unicode", select the font "lklug" for all font families. NOTE: If your rendering engine (e.g. Internet Explorer's renderer or Gecko or Pango, etc.) doesn't have "complex text layout/Indic support/<whatever other names it is called as>" for Sinhalese, it may not combine consonants & vowel signs properly. You can find the Wikipedia in the Slovenian (Slovensko) language at http://sl.wikipedia.org [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Elsässische] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://as.wikipedia.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org Balgarski] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.org Català] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Česky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://et.wikipedia.com Eesti] - [http://el.wikipedia.org (Ελληνικά Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.org Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (Farsi)] - [http://fr.wikipedia.com Français] - [http://fy.wikipedia.org Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.org Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaraní] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी (Hindi] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://hr.wikipedia.org Hrvatski] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org Íslenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org (Hangukeo)] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Ekspreso] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lt.wikipedia.com Lietuviškai] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org Mâori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://nds.wikipedia.com Plattdüütsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com/ Polska] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pt.wikipedia.com/ Português] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.org/ Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.org Русский] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqiptare] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Singhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovensčina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svenska] - [http://sw.wikipedia.org kiSwahili] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org Tatarça] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org Türkçe] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek] - [http://vi.wikipedia.org Tiếng Việt] - [http://vo.wikipedia.org Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zh.wikipedia.org (Zhongwen)/Hanyu] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] 1627 2005-01-15T23:27:51Z 24.251.243.233 rv vandalism (node) =Sinhalese= <center>This subdomain is reserved for the creation of a Wikipedia in the Sinhalese language. </center> <center>If you speak this language and think it would be cool to have your own Encyclopedia then you can make it. Go ahead. Delete this crap and start working on your Encyclopedia [http://en.wikipedia.org/ For more information go to the English website] Current number of articles: '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' Sinhalese page ... Coming Soon..... Yoga Raja </center> Getting a Sinhalese font: #Go to http://sinhala.linux.lk/. #Click the [http://sinhala.linux.lk/pub/0.2/ download link]. #Download [http://sinhala.linux.lk/pub/0.2/sinhala-gnu-linux-0.2.tar.gz the tarball]. Extracting the font out of it: #Search for the file lklug.otf in the tarball and extract it into any convenient directory. Installing the font: *Windows: Open the directory where you extracted lklug.otf, open control panel->fonts, drag & drop the otf into the fonts window. *GNOME 2.x: Open the directory where you extracted lklug.otf in the file manager, open <tt>fonts:///</tt> in another file manager window, drag & drop the otf into the fonts window. *Linux/*BSD (with XFreetype): Ensure the directory ~/.fonts/ exists and copy lklug.otf to ~/.fonts/. If this doesn't work, check which directories are referenced in /etc/fonts/fonts.conf and copy the file to one of those directories. Configuring the browser to use the font: *In the browser settings for character-set "Unicode", select the font "lklug" for all font families. NOTE: If your rendering engine (e.g. Internet Explorer's renderer or Gecko or Pango, etc.) doesn't have "complex text layout/Indic support/<whatever other names it is called as>" for Sinhalese, it may not combine consonants & vowel signs properly. [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Elsässische] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://as.wikipedia.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org Balgarski] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.org Català] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Česky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://et.wikipedia.com Eesti] - [http://el.wikipedia.org (Ελληνικά Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.org Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (Farsi)] - [http://fr.wikipedia.com Français] - [http://fy.wikipedia.org Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.org Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaraní] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी (Hindi] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://hr.wikipedia.org Hrvatski] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org Íslenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org (Hangukeo)] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Ekspreso] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lt.wikipedia.com Lietuviškai] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org Mâori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://nds.wikipedia.com Plattdüütsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com/ Polska] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pt.wikipedia.com/ Português] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.org/ Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.org Русский] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqiptare] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Singhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovensčina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svenska] - [http://sw.wikipedia.org kiSwahili] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org Tatarça] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org Türkçe] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek] - [http://vi.wikipedia.org Tiếng Việt] - [http://vo.wikipedia.org Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zh.wikipedia.org (Zhongwen)/Hanyu] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] 1628 2005-01-16T10:18:07Z 80.171.110.144 /* Sinhalese */ =Sinhalese= <center>This subdomain is reserved for the creation of a Wikipedia in the Sinhalese language. </center> <center>If you speak this language and think it would be cool to have your own Encyclopedia then you can make it. Go ahead. Delete this crap and start working on your Encyclopedia [http://en.wikipedia.org/ For more information go to the English website] Current number of articles: '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' Sinhalese page ... Coming Soon..... Yoga Raja </center> Getting a Sinhalese font: #Go to http://sinhala.linux.lk/. #Click the [http://sinhala.linux.lk/pub/0.2/ download link]. #Download [http://sinhala.linux.lk/pub/0.2/sinhala-gnu-linux-0.2.tar.gz the tarball]. Extracting the font out of it: #Search for the file lklug.otf in the tarball and extract it into any convenient directory. Installing the font: *Windows: Open the directory where you extracted lklug.otf, open control panel->fonts, drag & drop the otf into the fonts window. *GNOME 2.x: Open the directory where you extracted lklug.otf in the file manager, open <tt>fonts:///</tt> in another file manager window, drag & drop the otf into the fonts window. *Linux/*BSD (with XFreetype): Ensure the directory ~/.fonts/ exists and copy lklug.otf to ~/.fonts/. If this doesn't work, check which directories are referenced in /etc/fonts/fonts.conf and copy the file to one of those directories. Configuring the browser to use the font: *In the browser settings for character-set "Unicode", select the font "lklug" for all font families. NOTE: If your rendering engine (e.g. Internet Explorer's renderer or Gecko or Pango, etc.) doesn't have "complex text layout/Indic support/<whatever other names it is called as>" for Sinhalese, it may not combine consonants & vowel signs properly. [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Elsässische] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://as.wikipedia.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org Balgarski] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.org Català] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Česky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://et.wikipedia.com Eesti] - [http://el.wikipedia.org (Ελληνικά Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.org Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (Farsi)] - [http://fr.wikipedia.com Français] - [http://fy.wikipedia.org Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.org Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaraní] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी (Hindi] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://hr.wikipedia.org Hrvatski] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org Íslenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org (Hangukeo)] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Ekspreso] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lt.wikipedia.com Lietuviškai] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org Mâori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://nds.wikipedia.com Plattdüütsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com/ Polska] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pt.wikipedia.com/ Português] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.org/ Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.org Русский] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqiptare] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Singhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovensčina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svenska] - [http://sw.wikipedia.org kiSwahili] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org Tatarça] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org Türkçe] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek] - [http://vi.wikipedia.org Tiếng Việt] - [http://vo.wikipedia.org Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zh.wikipedia.org (Zhongwen)/Hanyu] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] 1629 2005-01-27T19:35:23Z 128.2.179.91 =Sinhalese= <center>This subdomain is reserved for the creation of a Wikipedia in the Sinhalese language. </center> <center>If you speak this language and think it would be cool to have your own Encyclopedia then you can make it. Go ahead. Delete this crap and start working on your Encyclopedia [http://en.wikipedia.org/ For more information go to the English website] Current number of articles: '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' Sinhalese page ... Coming Soon..... </center> Getting a Sinhalese font: #Go to http://sinhala.linux.lk/. #Click the [http://sinhala.linux.lk/pub/0.2/ download link]. #Download [http://sinhala.linux.lk/pub/0.2/sinhala-gnu-linux-0.2.tar.gz the tarball]. Extracting the font out of it: #Search for the file lklug.otf in the tarball and extract it into any convenient directory. Installing the font: *Windows: Open the directory where you extracted lklug.otf, open control panel->fonts, drag & drop the otf into the fonts window. *GNOME 2.x: Open the directory where you extracted lklug.otf in the file manager, open <tt>fonts:///</tt> in another file manager window, drag & drop the otf into the fonts window. *Linux/*BSD (with XFreetype): Ensure the directory ~/.fonts/ exists and copy lklug.otf to ~/.fonts/. If this doesn't work, check which directories are referenced in /etc/fonts/fonts.conf and copy the file to one of those directories. Configuring the browser to use the font: *In the browser settings for character-set "Unicode", select the font "lklug" for all font families. NOTE: If your rendering engine (e.g. Internet Explorer's renderer or Gecko or Pango, etc.) doesn't have "complex text layout/Indic support/<whatever other names it is called as>" for Sinhalese, it may not combine consonants & vowel signs properly. [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Elsässische] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://as.wikipedia.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org Balgarski] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.org Català] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Česky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://et.wikipedia.com Eesti] - [http://el.wikipedia.org (Ελληνικά Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.org Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (Farsi)] - [http://fr.wikipedia.com Français] - [http://fy.wikipedia.org Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.org Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaraní] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी (Hindi] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://hr.wikipedia.org Hrvatski] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org Íslenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org (Hangukeo)] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Ekspreso] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lt.wikipedia.com Lietuviškai] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org Mâori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://nds.wikipedia.com Plattdüütsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com/ Polska] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pt.wikipedia.com/ Português] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.org/ Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.org Русский] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqiptare] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Singhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovensčina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svenska] - [http://sw.wikipedia.org kiSwahili] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org Tatarça] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org Türkçe] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek] - [http://vi.wikipedia.org Tiếng Việt] - [http://vo.wikipedia.org Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zh.wikipedia.org (Zhongwen)/Hanyu] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] 1632 2005-02-01T13:03:08Z 61.51.101.15 =Sinhala= <center>This subdomain is reserved for the creation of a Wikipedia in the Sinhalese language. </center> <center>If you speak this language and think it would be cool to have your own Encyclopedia then you can make it. Go ahead. Delete this crap and start working on your Encyclopedia [http://en.wikipedia.org/ For more information go to the English website] Current number of articles: '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' Sinhalese page ... Coming Soon..... </center> Getting a Sinhalese font: #Go to http://sinhala.linux.lk/. #Click the [http://sinhala.linux.lk/pub/0.2/ download link]. #Download [http://sinhala.linux.lk/pub/0.2/sinhala-gnu-linux-0.2.tar.gz the tarball]. Extracting the font out of it: #Search for the file lklug.otf in the tarball and extract it into any convenient directory. Installing the font: *Windows: Open the directory where you extracted lklug.otf, open control panel->fonts, drag & drop the otf into the fonts window. *GNOME 2.x: Open the directory where you extracted lklug.otf in the file manager, open <tt>fonts:///</tt> in another file manager window, drag & drop the otf into the fonts window. *Linux/*BSD (with XFreetype): Ensure the directory ~/.fonts/ exists and copy lklug.otf to ~/.fonts/. If this doesn't work, check which directories are referenced in /etc/fonts/fonts.conf and copy the file to one of those directories. Configuring the browser to use the font: *In the browser settings for character-set "Unicode", select the font "lklug" for all font families. NOTE: If your rendering engine (e.g. Internet Explorer's renderer or Gecko or Pango, etc.) doesn't have "complex text layout/Indic support/<whatever other names it is called as>" for Sinhalese, it may not combine consonants & vowel signs properly. [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Elsässische] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://as.wikipedia.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org Balgarski] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.org Català] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Česky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://et.wikipedia.com Eesti] - [http://el.wikipedia.org (Ελληνικά Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.org Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (Farsi)] - [http://fr.wikipedia.com Français] - [http://fy.wikipedia.org Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.org Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaraní] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी (Hindi] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://hr.wikipedia.org Hrvatski] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org Íslenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org (Hangukeo)] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Ekspreso] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lt.wikipedia.com Lietuviškai] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org Mâori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://nds.wikipedia.com Plattdüütsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com/ Polska] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pt.wikipedia.com/ Português] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.org/ Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.org Русский] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqiptare] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Singhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovensčina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svenska] - [http://sw.wikipedia.org kiSwahili] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org Tatarça] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org Türkçe] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek] - [http://vi.wikipedia.org Tiếng Việt] - [http://vo.wikipedia.org Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zh.wikipedia.org (Zhongwen)/Hanyu] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] 1633 2005-03-12T17:04:15Z 193.95.248.99 =Sinhala= <center>This subdomain is reserved for the creation of a Wikipedia in the Sinhalese language. </center> <center>If you speak this language and think it would be cool to have your own Encyclopedia then you can make it. Go ahead. Delete this crap and start working on your Encyclopedia [http://en.wikipedia.org/ For more information go to the English website] Current number of articles: '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' Sinhalese page ... Coming Soon..... </center> Getting a Sinhalese font: #Go to http://sinhala.linux.lk/. #Click the [http://sinhala.linux.lk/pub/0.2/ download link]. #Download [http://sinhala.linux.lk/pub/0.2/sinhala-gnu-linux-0.2.tar.gz the tarball]. Extracting the font out of it: #Search for the file lklug.otf in the tarball and extract it into any convenient directory. Installing the font: *Windows: Open the directory where you extracted lklug.otf, open control panel->fonts, drag & drop the otf into the fonts window. *GNOME 2.x: Open the directory where you extracted lklug.otf in the file manager, open <tt>fonts:///</tt> in another file manager window, drag & drop the otf into the fonts window. *Linux/*BSD (with XFreetype): Ensure the directory ~/.fonts/ exists and copy lklug.otf to ~/.fonts/. If this doesn't work, check which directories are referenced in /etc/fonts/fonts.conf and copy the file to one of those directories. Configuring the browser to use the font: *In the browser settings for character-set "Unicode", select the font "lklug" for all font families. NOTE: If your rendering engine (e.g. Internet Explorer's renderer or Gecko or Pango, etc.) doesn't have "complex text layout/Indic support/<whatever other names it is called as>" for Sinhalese, it may not combine consonants & vowel signs properly. [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Elsässische] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://as.wikipedia.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org Balgarski] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.org Català] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Česky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://et.wikipedia.com Eesti] - [http://el.wikipedia.org (Ελληνικά Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.org Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (Farsi)] - [http://fr.wikipedia.com Français] - [http://fy.wikipedia.org Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.org Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaraní] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी (Hindi] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://hr.wikipedia.org Hrvatski] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org Íslenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org (Hangukeo)] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Ekspreso] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lt.wikipedia.com Lietuviškai] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org Mâori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://nds.wikipedia.com Plattdüütsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com/ Polska] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pt.wikipedia.com/ Português] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.org/ Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.org Русский] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqiptare] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Singhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovensčina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svenska] - [http://sw.wikipedia.org kiSwahili] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org Tatarça] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org Türkçe] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek] - [http://vi.wikipedia.org Tiếng Việt] - [http://vo.wikipedia.org Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zh.wikipedia.org (Zhongwen)/Hanyu] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] == SI stands for Slovenia == The .si top domain country code stands for Slovenia, it should be the same on wikipedia. 1642 2005-03-12T23:37:04Z 24.251.243.233 /* SI stands for Slovenia */ Sorry, but NO =Sinhala= <center>This subdomain is reserved for the creation of a Wikipedia in the Sinhalese language. </center> <center>If you speak this language and think it would be cool to have your own Encyclopedia then you can make it. Go ahead. Delete this crap and start working on your Encyclopedia [http://en.wikipedia.org/ For more information go to the English website] Current number of articles: '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' Sinhalese page ... Coming Soon..... </center> Getting a Sinhalese font: #Go to http://sinhala.linux.lk/. #Click the [http://sinhala.linux.lk/pub/0.2/ download link]. #Download [http://sinhala.linux.lk/pub/0.2/sinhala-gnu-linux-0.2.tar.gz the tarball]. Extracting the font out of it: #Search for the file lklug.otf in the tarball and extract it into any convenient directory. Installing the font: *Windows: Open the directory where you extracted lklug.otf, open control panel->fonts, drag & drop the otf into the fonts window. *GNOME 2.x: Open the directory where you extracted lklug.otf in the file manager, open <tt>fonts:///</tt> in another file manager window, drag & drop the otf into the fonts window. *Linux/*BSD (with XFreetype): Ensure the directory ~/.fonts/ exists and copy lklug.otf to ~/.fonts/. If this doesn't work, check which directories are referenced in /etc/fonts/fonts.conf and copy the file to one of those directories. Configuring the browser to use the font: *In the browser settings for character-set "Unicode", select the font "lklug" for all font families. NOTE: If your rendering engine (e.g. Internet Explorer's renderer or Gecko or Pango, etc.) doesn't have "complex text layout/Indic support/<whatever other names it is called as>" for Sinhalese, it may not combine consonants & vowel signs properly. [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Elsässische] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://as.wikipedia.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org Balgarski] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.org Català] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Česky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://et.wikipedia.com Eesti] - [http://el.wikipedia.org (Ελληνικά Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.org Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (Farsi)] - [http://fr.wikipedia.com Français] - [http://fy.wikipedia.org Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.org Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaraní] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी (Hindi] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://hr.wikipedia.org Hrvatski] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org Íslenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org (Hangukeo)] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Ekspreso] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lt.wikipedia.com Lietuviškai] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org Mâori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://nds.wikipedia.com Plattdüütsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com/ Polska] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pt.wikipedia.com/ Português] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.org/ Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.org Русский] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqiptare] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Singhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovensčina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svenska] - [http://sw.wikipedia.org kiSwahili] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org Tatarça] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org Türkçe] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek] - [http://vi.wikipedia.org Tiếng Việt] - [http://vo.wikipedia.org Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zh.wikipedia.org (Zhongwen)/Hanyu] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] 1643 2005-04-19T13:17:43Z 67.43.130.54 =Sinhala= <center>This subdomain is reserved for the creation of a Wikipedia in the Sinhalese language. </center> <center>If you speak this language and think it would be cool to have your own Encyclopedia then you can make it. Go ahead. Delete this crap and start working on your Encyclopedia [http://en.wikipedia.org/ For more information go to the English website] Current number of articles: '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' Sinhalese page ... Coming Soon..... Ayubowan </center> Getting a Sinhalese font: #Go to http://sinhala.linux.lk/. #Click the [http://sinhala.linux.lk/pub/0.2/ download link]. #Download [http://sinhala.linux.lk/pub/0.2/sinhala-gnu-linux-0.2.tar.gz the tarball]. Extracting the font out of it: #Search for the file lklug.otf in the tarball and extract it into any convenient directory. Installing the font: *Windows: Open the directory where you extracted lklug.otf, open control panel->fonts, drag & drop the otf into the fonts window. *GNOME 2.x: Open the directory where you extracted lklug.otf in the file manager, open <tt>fonts:///</tt> in another file manager window, drag & drop the otf into the fonts window. *Linux/*BSD (with XFreetype): Ensure the directory ~/.fonts/ exists and copy lklug.otf to ~/.fonts/. If this doesn't work, check which directories are referenced in /etc/fonts/fonts.conf and copy the file to one of those directories. Configuring the browser to use the font: *In the browser settings for character-set "Unicode", select the font "lklug" for all font families. NOTE: If your rendering engine (e.g. Internet Explorer's renderer or Gecko or Pango, etc.) doesn't have "complex text layout/Indic support/<whatever other names it is called as>" for Sinhalese, it may not combine consonants & vowel signs properly. [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Elsässische] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://as.wikipedia.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org Balgarski] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.org Català] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Česky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://et.wikipedia.com Eesti] - [http://el.wikipedia.org (Ελληνικά Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.org Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (Farsi)] - [http://fr.wikipedia.com Français] - [http://fy.wikipedia.org Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.org Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaraní] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी (Hindi] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://hr.wikipedia.org Hrvatski] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org Íslenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org (Hangukeo)] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Ekspreso] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lt.wikipedia.com Lietuviškai] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org Mâori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://nds.wikipedia.com Plattdüütsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com/ Polska] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pt.wikipedia.com/ Português] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.org/ Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.org Русский] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqiptare] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Singhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovensčina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svenska] - [http://sw.wikipedia.org kiSwahili] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org Tatarça] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org Türkçe] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek] - [http://vi.wikipedia.org Tiếng Việt] - [http://vo.wikipedia.org Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zh.wikipedia.org (Zhongwen)/Hanyu] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] 1644 2005-04-20T03:22:51Z 162.83.38.216 /* Sinhala */ =Sinhala= <center>This subdomain is reserved for the creation of a Wikipedia in the Sinhalese language. </center> <center>If you speak this language and think it would be cool to have your own Encyclopedia then you can make it. Go ahead. Delete this crap and start working on your Encyclopedia [http://en.wikipedia.org/ For more information go to the English website] Current number of articles: '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' Sinhalese page ... Coming Soon..... Ayubowan... Will begin construction soon...Ayubowan </center> Getting a Sinhalese font: #Go to http://sinhala.linux.lk/. #Click the [http://sinhala.linux.lk/pub/0.2/ download link]. #Download [http://sinhala.linux.lk/pub/0.2/sinhala-gnu-linux-0.2.tar.gz the tarball]. Extracting the font out of it: #Search for the file lklug.otf in the tarball and extract it into any convenient directory. Installing the font: *Windows: Open the directory where you extracted lklug.otf, open control panel->fonts, drag & drop the otf into the fonts window. *GNOME 2.x: Open the directory where you extracted lklug.otf in the file manager, open <tt>fonts:///</tt> in another file manager window, drag & drop the otf into the fonts window. *Linux/*BSD (with XFreetype): Ensure the directory ~/.fonts/ exists and copy lklug.otf to ~/.fonts/. If this doesn't work, check which directories are referenced in /etc/fonts/fonts.conf and copy the file to one of those directories. Configuring the browser to use the font: *In the browser settings for character-set "Unicode", select the font "lklug" for all font families. NOTE: If your rendering engine (e.g. Internet Explorer's renderer or Gecko or Pango, etc.) doesn't have "complex text layout/Indic support/<whatever other names it is called as>" for Sinhalese, it may not combine consonants & vowel signs properly. [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Elsässische] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://as.wikipedia.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org Balgarski] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.org Català] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Česky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://et.wikipedia.com Eesti] - [http://el.wikipedia.org (Ελληνικά Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.org Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (Farsi)] - [http://fr.wikipedia.com Français] - [http://fy.wikipedia.org Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.org Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaraní] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी (Hindi] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://hr.wikipedia.org Hrvatski] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org Íslenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org (Hangukeo)] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Ekspreso] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lt.wikipedia.com Lietuviškai] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org Mâori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://nds.wikipedia.com Plattdüütsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com/ Polska] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pt.wikipedia.com/ Português] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.org/ Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.org Русский] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqiptare] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Singhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovensčina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svenska] - [http://sw.wikipedia.org kiSwahili] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org Tatarça] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org Türkçe] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek] - [http://vi.wikipedia.org Tiếng Việt] - [http://vo.wikipedia.org Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zh.wikipedia.org (Zhongwen)/Hanyu] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] 1645 2005-04-22T21:42:35Z 80.58.15.170 =Sinhala= <center>This subdomain is reserved for the creation of a Wikipedia in the Sinhalese language. </center> <center>If you speak this language and think it would be cool to have your own Encyclopedia then you can make it. Go ahead. Delete this crap and start working on your Encyclopedia [http://en.wikipedia.org/ For more information go to the English website] Current number of articles: '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' Sinhalese page ... Coming Soon..... Ayubowan... Will begin construction soon...Ayubowan </center> Getting a Sinhalese font: #Go to http://sinhala.linux.lk/. #Click the [http://sinhala.linux.lk/pub/0.2/ download link]. #Download [http://sinhala.linux.lk/pub/0.2/sinhala-gnu-linux-0.2.tar.gz the tarball]. Extracting the font out of it: #Search for the file lklug.otf in the tarball and extract it into any convenient directory. Installing the font: *Windows: Open the directory where you extracted lklug.otf, open control panel->fonts, drag & drop the otf into the fonts window. *GNOME 2.x: Open the directory where you extracted lklug.otf in the file manager, open <tt>fonts:///</tt> in another file manager window, drag & drop the otf into the fonts window. *Linux/*BSD (with XFreetype): Ensure the directory ~/.fonts/ exists and copy lklug.otf to ~/.fonts/. If this doesn't work, check which directories are referenced in /etc/fonts/fonts.conf and copy the file to one of those directories. Configuring the browser to use the font: *In the browser settings for character-set "Unicode", select the font "lklug" for all font families. NOTE: If your rendering engine (e.g. Internet Explorer's renderer or Gecko or Pango, etc.) doesn't have "complex text layout/Indic support/<whatever other names it is called as>" for Sinhalese, it may not combine consonants & vowel signs properly. [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Elsässische] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://as.wikipedia.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org Balgarski] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.org Català] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Česky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://et.wikipedia.com Eesti] - [http://el.wikipedia.org (Ελληνικά Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.org Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (Farsi)] - [http://fr.wikipedia.com Français] - [http://fy.wikipedia.org Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.org Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaraní] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी (Hindi] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://hr.wikipedia.org Hrvatski] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org Íslenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org (Hangukeo)] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Ekspreso] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lt.wikipedia.com Lietuviškai] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org Mâori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://nds.wikipedia.com Plattdüütsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com/ Polska] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pt.wikipedia.com/ Português] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.org/ Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.org Русский] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqiptare] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Singhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovensčina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svenska] - [http://sw.wikipedia.org kiSwahili] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org Tatarça] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org Türkçe] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek] - [http://vi.wikipedia.org Tiếng Việt] - [http://vo.wikipedia.org Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zh.wikipedia.org (Zhongwen)/Hanyu] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] 1646 2005-05-02T10:14:40Z 139.98.3.23 =Sinhala= <center>This subdomain is reserved for the creation of a Wikipedia in the Sinhalese language. </center> <center>If you speak this language and think it would be cool to have your own Encyclopedia then you can make it. Go ahead. Delete this crap and start working on your Encyclopedia [[:en:Sinhala|For more information, go to the English website]]] Current number of articles: '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' Sinhalese page ... Coming Soon..... Ayubowan... Will begin construction soon...Ayubowan </center> Getting a Sinhalese font: #Go to http://sinhala.linux.lk/. #Click the [http://sinhala.linux.lk/pub/0.2/ download link]. #Download [http://sinhala.linux.lk/pub/0.2/sinhala-gnu-linux-0.2.tar.gz the tarball]. Extracting the font out of it: #Search for the file lklug.otf in the tarball and extract it into any convenient directory. Installing the font: *Windows: Open the directory where you extracted lklug.otf, open control panel->fonts, drag & drop the otf into the fonts window. *GNOME 2.x: Open the directory where you extracted lklug.otf in the file manager, open <tt>fonts:///</tt> in another file manager window, drag & drop the otf into the fonts window. *Linux/*BSD (with XFreetype): Ensure the directory ~/.fonts/ exists and copy lklug.otf to ~/.fonts/. If this doesn't work, check which directories are referenced in /etc/fonts/fonts.conf and copy the file to one of those directories. Configuring the browser to use the font: *In the browser settings for character-set "Unicode", select the font "lklug" for all font families. NOTE: If your rendering engine (e.g. Internet Explorer's renderer or Gecko or Pango, etc.) doesn't have "complex text layout/Indic support/<whatever other names it is called as>" for Sinhalese, it may not combine consonants & vowel signs properly. [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Elsässische] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://as.wikipedia.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org Balgarski] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.org Català] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Česky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://et.wikipedia.com Eesti] - [http://el.wikipedia.org (Ελληνικά Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.org Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (Farsi)] - [http://fr.wikipedia.com Français] - [http://fy.wikipedia.org Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.org Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaraní] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी (Hindi] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://hr.wikipedia.org Hrvatski] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org Íslenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org (Hangukeo)] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Ekspreso] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lt.wikipedia.com Lietuviškai] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org Mâori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://nds.wikipedia.com Plattdüütsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com/ Polska] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pt.wikipedia.com/ Português] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.org/ Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.org Русский] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqiptare] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Singhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovensčina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svenska] - [http://sw.wikipedia.org kiSwahili] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org Tatarça] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org Türkçe] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek] - [http://vi.wikipedia.org Tiếng Việt] - [http://vo.wikipedia.org Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zh.wikipedia.org (Zhongwen)/Hanyu] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] 1648 2005-05-02T10:15:33Z 139.98.3.23 typo =Sinhala= <center>This subdomain is reserved for the creation of a Wikipedia in the Sinhalese language. </center> <center>If you speak this language and think it would be cool to have your own Encyclopedia then you can make it. Go ahead. Delete this crap and start working on your Encyclopedia [[:en:Sinhala|For more information, go to the English website]] Current number of articles: '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' Sinhalese page ... Coming Soon..... Ayubowan... Will begin construction soon...Ayubowan </center> Getting a Sinhalese font: #Go to http://sinhala.linux.lk/. #Click the [http://sinhala.linux.lk/pub/0.2/ download link]. #Download [http://sinhala.linux.lk/pub/0.2/sinhala-gnu-linux-0.2.tar.gz the tarball]. Extracting the font out of it: #Search for the file lklug.otf in the tarball and extract it into any convenient directory. Installing the font: *Windows: Open the directory where you extracted lklug.otf, open control panel->fonts, drag & drop the otf into the fonts window. *GNOME 2.x: Open the directory where you extracted lklug.otf in the file manager, open <tt>fonts:///</tt> in another file manager window, drag & drop the otf into the fonts window. *Linux/*BSD (with XFreetype): Ensure the directory ~/.fonts/ exists and copy lklug.otf to ~/.fonts/. If this doesn't work, check which directories are referenced in /etc/fonts/fonts.conf and copy the file to one of those directories. Configuring the browser to use the font: *In the browser settings for character-set "Unicode", select the font "lklug" for all font families. NOTE: If your rendering engine (e.g. Internet Explorer's renderer or Gecko or Pango, etc.) doesn't have "complex text layout/Indic support/<whatever other names it is called as>" for Sinhalese, it may not combine consonants & vowel signs properly. [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Elsässische] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://as.wikipedia.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org Balgarski] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.org Català] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Česky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://et.wikipedia.com Eesti] - [http://el.wikipedia.org (Ελληνικά Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.org Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (Farsi)] - [http://fr.wikipedia.com Français] - [http://fy.wikipedia.org Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.org Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaraní] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी (Hindi] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://hr.wikipedia.org Hrvatski] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org Íslenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org (Hangukeo)] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Ekspreso] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lt.wikipedia.com Lietuviškai] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org Mâori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://nds.wikipedia.com Plattdüütsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com/ Polska] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pt.wikipedia.com/ Português] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.org/ Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.org Русский] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqiptare] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Singhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovensčina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svenska] - [http://sw.wikipedia.org kiSwahili] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org Tatarça] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org Türkçe] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek] - [http://vi.wikipedia.org Tiếng Việt] - [http://vo.wikipedia.org Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zh.wikipedia.org (Zhongwen)/Hanyu] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] 1649 2005-05-20T13:04:41Z 193.2.148.175 =Sinhala= <center>This subdomain is reserved for the creation of a Wikipedia in the Sinhalese language. </center> <center>If you speak this language and think it would be cool to have your own Encyclopedia then you can make it. Go ahead. Delete this crap and start working on your Encyclopedia [[:en:Sinhala|For more information, go to the English website]] Current number of articles: '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' Sinhalese page ... Coming Soon..... Ayubowan... Will begin construction soon...Ayubowan </center> Getting a Sinhalese font: #Go to http://sinhala.linux.lk/. #Click the [http://sinhala.linux.lk/pub/0.2/ download link]. #Download [http://sinhala.linux.lk/pub/0.2/sinhala-gnu-linux-0.2.tar.gz the tarball]. Extracting the font out of it: #Search for the file lklug.otf in the tarball and extract it into any convenient directory. Installing the font: *Windows: Open the directory where you extracted lklug.otf, open control panel->fonts, drag & drop the otf into the fonts window. *GNOME 2.x: Open the directory where you extracted lklug.otf in the file manager, open <tt>fonts:///</tt> in another file manager window, drag & drop the otf into the fonts window. *Linux/*BSD (with XFreetype): Ensure the directory ~/.fonts/ exists and copy lklug.otf to ~/.fonts/. If this doesn't work, check which directories are referenced in /etc/fonts/fonts.conf and copy the file to one of those directories. Configuring the browser to use the font: *In the browser settings for character-set "Unicode", select the font "lklug" for all font families. NOTE: If your rendering engine (e.g. Internet Explorer's renderer or Gecko or Pango, etc.) doesn't have "complex text layout/Indic support/<whatever other names it is called as>" for Sinhalese, it may not combine consonants & vowel signs properly. [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Elsässische] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://as.wikipedia.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org Balgarski] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.org Català] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Česky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://et.wikipedia.com Eesti] - [http://el.wikipedia.org (Ελληνικά Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.org Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (Farsi)] - [http://fr.wikipedia.com Français] - [http://fy.wikipedia.org Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.org Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaraní] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी (Hindi] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://hr.wikipedia.org Hrvatski] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org Íslenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org (Hangukeo)] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Ekspreso] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lt.wikipedia.com Lietuviškai] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org Mâori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://nds.wikipedia.com Plattdüütsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com/ Polska] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pt.wikipedia.com/ Português] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.org/ Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.org Русский] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqiptare] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Singhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovenčina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svenska] - [http://sw.wikipedia.org kiSwahili] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org Tatarça] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org Türkçe] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek] - [http://vi.wikipedia.org Tiếng Việt] - [http://vo.wikipedia.org Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zh.wikipedia.org (Zhongwen)/Hanyu] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] [[:si]] 2580 2005-05-20T13:06:00Z 193.2.148.175 =Sinhala= <center>This subdomain is reserved for the creation of a Wikipedia in the Sinhalese language. </center> <center>If you speak this language and think it would be cool to have your own Encyclopedia then you can make it. Go ahead. Delete this crap and start working on your Encyclopedia [[:en:Sinhala|For more information, go to the English website]] Current number of articles: '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' Sinhalese page ... Coming Soon..... Ayubowan... Will begin construction soon...Ayubowan </center> Getting a Sinhalese font: #Go to http://sinhala.linux.lk/. #Click the [http://sinhala.linux.lk/pub/0.2/ download link]. #Download [http://sinhala.linux.lk/pub/0.2/sinhala-gnu-linux-0.2.tar.gz the tarball]. Extracting the font out of it: #Search for the file lklug.otf in the tarball and extract it into any convenient directory. Installing the font: *Windows: Open the directory where you extracted lklug.otf, open control panel->fonts, drag & drop the otf into the fonts window. *GNOME 2.x: Open the directory where you extracted lklug.otf in the file manager, open <tt>fonts:///</tt> in another file manager window, drag & drop the otf into the fonts window. *Linux/*BSD (with XFreetype): Ensure the directory ~/.fonts/ exists and copy lklug.otf to ~/.fonts/. If this doesn't work, check which directories are referenced in /etc/fonts/fonts.conf and copy the file to one of those directories. Configuring the browser to use the font: *In the browser settings for character-set "Unicode", select the font "lklug" for all font families. NOTE: If your rendering engine (e.g. Internet Explorer's renderer or Gecko or Pango, etc.) doesn't have "complex text layout/Indic support/<whatever other names it is called as>" for Sinhalese, it may not combine consonants & vowel signs properly. [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Elsässische] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://as.wikipedia.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org Balgarski] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.org Català] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Česky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://et.wikipedia.com Eesti] - [http://el.wikipedia.org (Ελληνικά Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.org Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (Farsi)] - [http://fr.wikipedia.com Français] - [http://fy.wikipedia.org Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.org Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaraní] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी (Hindi] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://hr.wikipedia.org Hrvatski] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org Íslenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org (Hangukeo)] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Ekspreso] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lt.wikipedia.com Lietuviškai] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org Mâori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://nds.wikipedia.com Plattdüütsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com/ Polska] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pt.wikipedia.com/ Português] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.org/ Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.org Русский] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqiptare] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Singhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovenčina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svenska] - [http://sw.wikipedia.org kiSwahili] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org Tatarça] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org Türkçe] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek] - [http://vi.wikipedia.org Tiếng Việt] - [http://vo.wikipedia.org Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zh.wikipedia.org (Zhongwen)/Hanyu] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] [[si:]] 4165 2005-07-10T14:16:14Z 61.248.143.2 * [[ශ්රී ලංකා]] =Sinhala= <center>This subdomain is reserved for the creation of a Wikipedia in the Sinhalese language. </center> <center>If you speak this language and think it would be cool to have your own Encyclopedia then you can make it. Go ahead. Delete this crap and start working on your Encyclopedia [[:en:Sinhala|For more information, go to the English website]] Current number of articles: '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' Sinhalese page ... Coming Soon..... Ayubowan... Will begin construction soon...Ayubowan </center> Getting a Sinhalese font: #Go to http://sinhala.linux.lk/. #Click the [http://sinhala.linux.lk/pub/0.2/ download link]. #Download [http://sinhala.linux.lk/pub/0.2/sinhala-gnu-linux-0.2.tar.gz the tarball]. Extracting the font out of it: #Search for the file lklug.otf in the tarball and extract it into any convenient directory. Installing the font: *Windows: Open the directory where you extracted lklug.otf, open control panel->fonts, drag & drop the otf into the fonts window. *GNOME 2.x: Open the directory where you extracted lklug.otf in the file manager, open <tt>fonts:///</tt> in another file manager window, drag & drop the otf into the fonts window. *Linux/*BSD (with XFreetype): Ensure the directory ~/.fonts/ exists and copy lklug.otf to ~/.fonts/. If this doesn't work, check which directories are referenced in /etc/fonts/fonts.conf and copy the file to one of those directories. Configuring the browser to use the font: *In the browser settings for character-set "Unicode", select the font "lklug" for all font families. NOTE: If your rendering engine (e.g. Internet Explorer's renderer or Gecko or Pango, etc.) doesn't have "complex text layout/Indic support/<whatever other names it is called as>" for Sinhalese, it may not combine consonants & vowel signs properly. [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Elsässische] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://as.wikipedia.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org Balgarski] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.org Català] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Česky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://et.wikipedia.com Eesti] - [http://el.wikipedia.org (Ελληνικά Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.org Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (Farsi)] - [http://fr.wikipedia.com Français] - [http://fy.wikipedia.org Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.org Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaraní] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी (Hindi] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://hr.wikipedia.org Hrvatski] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org Íslenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org (Hangukeo)] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Ekspreso] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lt.wikipedia.com Lietuviškai] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org Mâori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://nds.wikipedia.com Plattdüütsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com/ Polska] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pt.wikipedia.com/ Português] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.org/ Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.org Русский] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqiptare] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Singhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovenčina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svenska] - [http://sw.wikipedia.org kiSwahili] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org Tatarça] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org Türkçe] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek] - [http://vi.wikipedia.org Tiếng Việt] - [http://vo.wikipedia.org Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zh.wikipedia.org (Zhongwen)/Hanyu] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] [[si:]] 4168 2005-07-12T06:29:23Z 24.17.17.26 =Sinhala= <center>This subdomain is reserved for the creation of a Wikipedia in the Sinhalese language. </center> <center>If you speak this language and think it would be cool to have your own Encyclopedia then you can make it. Go ahead. Delete this crap and start working on your Encyclopedia [[:en:Sinhala|For more information, go to the English website]] Current number of articles: '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' Sinhalese page ... Coming Soon..... Ayubowan... Will begin construction soon...Ayubowan </center> Getting a Sinhalese font: #Go to http://sinhala.linux.lk/. #Click the [http://sinhala.linux.lk/pub/0.2/ download link]. #Download [http://sinhala.linux.lk/pub/0.2/sinhala-gnu-linux-0.2.tar.gz the tarball]. Extracting the font out of it: #Search for the file lklug.otf in the tarball and extract it into any convenient directory. Installing the font: *Windows: Open the directory where you extracted lklug.otf, open control panel->fonts, drag & drop the otf into the fonts window. *GNOME 2.x: Open the directory where you extracted lklug.otf in the file manager, open <tt>fonts:///</tt> in another file manager window, drag & drop the otf into the fonts window. *Linux/*BSD (with XFreetype): Ensure the directory ~/.fonts/ exists and copy lklug.otf to ~/.fonts/. If this doesn't work, check which directories are referenced in /etc/fonts/fonts.conf and copy the file to one of those directories. Configuring the browser to use the font: *In the browser settings for character-set "Unicode", select the font "lklug" for all font families. NOTE: If your rendering engine (e.g. Internet Explorer's renderer or Gecko or Pango, etc.) doesn't have "complex text layout/Indic support/<whatever other names it is called as>" for Sinhalese, it may not combine consonants & vowel signs properly. [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Elsässische] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://as.wikipedia.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org Balgarski] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.org Català] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Česky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://et.wikipedia.com Eesti] - [http://el.wikipedia.org (Ελληνικά Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.org Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (Farsi)] - [http://fr.wikipedia.com Français] - [http://fy.wikipedia.org Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.org Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaraní] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी (Hindi] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://hr.wikipedia.org Hrvatski] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org Íslenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org (Hangukeo)] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Ekspreso] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lt.wikipedia.com Lietuviškai] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org Mâori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://nds.wikipedia.com Plattdüütsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com/ Polska] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pt.wikipedia.com/ Português] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.org/ Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.org Русский] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqiptare] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Singhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovenčina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svenska] - [http://sw.wikipedia.org kiSwahili] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org Tatarça] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org Türkçe] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek] - [http://vi.wikipedia.org Tiếng Việt] - [http://vo.wikipedia.org Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zh.wikipedia.org (Zhongwen)/Hanyu] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] [[si:]] 4330 2005-09-07T15:25:14Z 60.240.230.100 spelling =Sinhala= <center>This subdomain is reserved for the creation of a Wikipedia in the Sinhalese language. </center> <center>If you speak this language and think it would be cool to have your own Encyclopedia then you can make it. Go ahead. Delete this crap and start working on your Encyclopedia [[:en:Sinhala|For more information, go to the English website]] Current number of articles: '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' Sinhalese page ... Coming Soon..... Ayubowan... Will begin construction soon...Ayubowan </center> Getting a Sinhalese font: #Go to http://sinhala.linux.lk/. #Click the [http://sinhala.linux.lk/pub/0.2/ download link]. #Download [http://sinhala.linux.lk/pub/0.2/sinhala-gnu-linux-0.2.tar.gz the tarball]. Extracting the font out of it: #Search for the file lklug.otf in the tarball and extract it into any convenient directory. Installing the font: *Windows: Open the directory where you extracted lklug.otf, open control panel->fonts, drag & drop the otf into the fonts window. *GNOME 2.x: Open the directory where you extracted lklug.otf in the file manager, open <tt>fonts:///</tt> in another file manager window, drag & drop the otf into the fonts window. *Linux/*BSD (with XFreetype): Ensure the directory ~/.fonts/ exists and copy lklug.otf to ~/.fonts/. If this doesn't work, check which directories are referenced in /etc/fonts/fonts.conf and copy the file to one of those directories. Configuring the browser to use the font: *In the browser settings for character-set "Unicode", select the font "lklug" for all font families. NOTE: If your rendering engine (e.g. Internet Explorer's renderer or Gecko or Pango, etc.) doesn't have "complex text layout/Indic support/<whatever other names it is called as>" for Sinhalese, it may not combine consonants & vowel signs properly. [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Elsässische] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://as.wikipedia.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org Balgarski] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.org Català] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Česky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://et.wikipedia.com Eesti] - [http://el.wikipedia.org (Ελληνικά Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.org Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (Farsi)] - [http://fr.wikipedia.com Français] - [http://fy.wikipedia.org Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.org Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaraní] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी (Hindi] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://hr.wikipedia.org Hrvatski] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org Íslenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org (Hangukeo)] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Ekspreso] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lt.wikipedia.com Lietuviškai] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org Mâori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://nds.wikipedia.com Plattdüütsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com/ Polska] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pt.wikipedia.com/ Português] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.org/ Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.org Русский] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqiptare] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Sinhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovenčina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svenska] - [http://sw.wikipedia.org kiSwahili] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org Tatarça] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org Türkçe] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek] - [http://vi.wikipedia.org Tiếng Việt] - [http://vo.wikipedia.org Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zh.wikipedia.org (Zhongwen)/Hanyu] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] [[si:]] 4331 2005-09-07T15:44:15Z 60.240.230.100 =Sinhala= <center>This subdomain is reserved for the creation of a Wikipedia in the Sinhalese language. </center> <center>If you speak this language and think it would be cool to have your own Encyclopedia then you can make it. Go ahead. Delete this crap and start working on your Encyclopedia [[:en:Sinhala|For more information, go to the English website]] Current number of articles: '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' Sinhalese page ... Coming Soon..... Ayubowan... Will begin construction soon...Ayubowan Please explain how to write articles in Sinhalese. </center> Getting a Sinhalese font: #Go to http://sinhala.linux.lk/. #Click the [http://sinhala.linux.lk/pub/0.2/ download link]. #Download [http://sinhala.linux.lk/pub/0.2/sinhala-gnu-linux-0.2.tar.gz the tarball]. Extracting the font out of it: #Search for the file lklug.otf in the tarball and extract it into any convenient directory. Installing the font: *Windows: Open the directory where you extracted lklug.otf, open control panel->fonts, drag & drop the otf into the fonts window. *GNOME 2.x: Open the directory where you extracted lklug.otf in the file manager, open <tt>fonts:///</tt> in another file manager window, drag & drop the otf into the fonts window. *Linux/*BSD (with XFreetype): Ensure the directory ~/.fonts/ exists and copy lklug.otf to ~/.fonts/. If this doesn't work, check which directories are referenced in /etc/fonts/fonts.conf and copy the file to one of those directories. Configuring the browser to use the font: *In the browser settings for character-set "Unicode", select the font "lklug" for all font families. NOTE: If your rendering engine (e.g. Internet Explorer's renderer or Gecko or Pango, etc.) doesn't have "complex text layout/Indic support/<whatever other names it is called as>" for Sinhalese, it may not combine consonants & vowel signs properly. [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Elsässische] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://as.wikipedia.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org Balgarski] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.org Català] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Česky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://et.wikipedia.com Eesti] - [http://el.wikipedia.org (Ελληνικά Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.org Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (Farsi)] - [http://fr.wikipedia.com Français] - [http://fy.wikipedia.org Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.org Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaraní] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी (Hindi] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://hr.wikipedia.org Hrvatski] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org Íslenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org (Hangukeo)] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Ekspreso] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lt.wikipedia.com Lietuviškai] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org Mâori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://nds.wikipedia.com Plattdüütsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com/ Polska] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pt.wikipedia.com/ Português] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.org/ Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.org Русский] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqiptare] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Sinhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovenčina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svenska] - [http://sw.wikipedia.org kiSwahili] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org Tatarça] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org Türkçe] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek] - [http://vi.wikipedia.org Tiếng Việt] - [http://vo.wikipedia.org Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zh.wikipedia.org (Zhongwen)/Hanyu] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] [[si:]] 4334 2005-09-07T16:54:22Z Chin 20 starting sinhalese wikipedia =Ayubowan= <center>This subdomain is reserved for the creation of a Wikipedia in the Sinhalese language. ''' Current number of articles: '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' </center> Welcome friends. A number of people are working on starting up our very own Sinhalese Wikipedia. The common consensus is that a unicode font should be used instead of something like kaputa. We have two candidates. :: * LKLug - proposed by ''Unknown User''. Download instructions are below. * Malathi - proposed by [[User:Chin]]. Download from [http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf Moratuwa University] LKLug is a very nice font but is not very suitable for a webpage (good for printing though) as it has too much frills and curves. Malathi is simpler and more appropriate. It looks like a Sinhala sister of Trebuchet. Please download it from [[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf]] and change your encoding to UTF-8. Also change all font families to Malithi. '''For more help, refer to the ''[[Talk:Main_Page|discussion page]]''. Start working on a page or two if you can.''' ---- Getting a Sinhalese font: #Go to http://sinhala.linux.lk/. #Click the [http://sinhala.linux.lk/pub/0.2/ download link]. #Download [http://sinhala.linux.lk/pub/0.2/sinhala-gnu-linux-0.2.tar.gz the tarball]. Extracting the font out of it: #Search for the file lklug.otf in the tarball and extract it into any convenient directory. Installing the font: *Windows: Open the directory where you extracted lklug.otf, open control panel->fonts, drag & drop the otf into the fonts window. *GNOME 2.x: Open the directory where you extracted lklug.otf in the file manager, open <tt>fonts:///</tt> in another file manager window, drag & drop the otf into the fonts window. *Linux/*BSD (with XFreetype): Ensure the directory ~/.fonts/ exists and copy lklug.otf to ~/.fonts/. If this doesn't work, check which directories are referenced in /etc/fonts/fonts.conf and copy the file to one of those directories. Configuring the browser to use the font: *In the browser settings for character-set "Unicode", select the font "lklug" for all font families. NOTE: If your rendering engine (e.g. Internet Explorer's renderer or Gecko or Pango, etc.) doesn't have "complex text layout/Indic support/<whatever other names it is called as>" for Sinhalese, it may not combine consonants & vowel signs properly. ---- [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Elsässische] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://as.wikipedia.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org Balgarski] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.org Català] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Česky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://et.wikipedia.com Eesti] - [http://el.wikipedia.org (Ελληνικά Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.org Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (Farsi)] - [http://fr.wikipedia.com Français] - [http://fy.wikipedia.org Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.org Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaraní] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी (Hindi] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://hr.wikipedia.org Hrvatski] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org Íslenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org (Hangukeo)] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Ekspreso] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lt.wikipedia.com Lietuviškai] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org Mâori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://nds.wikipedia.com Plattdüütsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com/ Polska] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pt.wikipedia.com/ Português] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.org/ Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.org Русский] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqiptare] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Sinhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovenčina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svenska] - [http://sw.wikipedia.org kiSwahili] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org Tatarça] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org Türkçe] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek] - [http://vi.wikipedia.org Tiếng Việt] - [http://vo.wikipedia.org Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zh.wikipedia.org (Zhongwen)/Hanyu] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] 4336 2005-09-09T17:19:24Z Chin 20 added sinhala greeting =Ayubowan= <center>This subdomain is reserved for the creation of a Wikipedia in the Sinhalese language. ''' Current number of articles: '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' </center> ආයුෙබා්වන් මිතුරනි. Welcome friends. A number of people are working on starting up our very own Sinhalese Wikipedia. The common consensus is that a unicode font should be used instead of something like kaputa. We have two candidates. :: * LKLug - proposed by ''Unknown User''. Download instructions are below. * Malathi - proposed by [[User:Chin]]. Download from [http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf Moratuwa University] LKLug is a very nice font but is not very suitable for a webpage (good for printing though) as it has too much frills and curves. Malathi is simpler and more appropriate. It looks like a Sinhala sister of Trebuchet. Please download it from [[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf]] and change your encoding to UTF-8. Also change all font families to Malithi. '''For more help, refer to the ''[[Talk:Main_Page|discussion page]]''. Start working on a page or two if you can.''' ---- Getting a Sinhalese font: #Go to http://sinhala.linux.lk/. #Click the [http://sinhala.linux.lk/pub/0.2/ download link]. #Download [http://sinhala.linux.lk/pub/0.2/sinhala-gnu-linux-0.2.tar.gz the tarball]. Extracting the font out of it: #Search for the file lklug.otf in the tarball and extract it into any convenient directory. Installing the font: *Windows: Open the directory where you extracted lklug.otf, open control panel->fonts, drag & drop the otf into the fonts window. *GNOME 2.x: Open the directory where you extracted lklug.otf in the file manager, open <tt>fonts:///</tt> in another file manager window, drag & drop the otf into the fonts window. *Linux/*BSD (with XFreetype): Ensure the directory ~/.fonts/ exists and copy lklug.otf to ~/.fonts/. If this doesn't work, check which directories are referenced in /etc/fonts/fonts.conf and copy the file to one of those directories. Configuring the browser to use the font: *In the browser settings for character-set "Unicode", select the font "lklug" for all font families. NOTE: If your rendering engine (e.g. Internet Explorer's renderer or Gecko or Pango, etc.) doesn't have "complex text layout/Indic support/<whatever other names it is called as>" for Sinhalese, it may not combine consonants & vowel signs properly. ---- [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Elsässische] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://as.wikipedia.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org Balgarski] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.org Català] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Česky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://et.wikipedia.com Eesti] - [http://el.wikipedia.org (Ελληνικά Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.org Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (Farsi)] - [http://fr.wikipedia.com Français] - [http://fy.wikipedia.org Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.org Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaraní] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी (Hindi] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://hr.wikipedia.org Hrvatski] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org Íslenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org (Hangukeo)] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Ekspreso] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lt.wikipedia.com Lietuviškai] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org Mâori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://nds.wikipedia.com Plattdüütsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com/ Polska] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pt.wikipedia.com/ Português] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.org/ Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.org Русский] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqiptare] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Sinhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovenčina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svenska] - [http://sw.wikipedia.org kiSwahili] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org Tatarça] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org Türkçe] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek] - [http://vi.wikipedia.org Tiếng Việt] - [http://vo.wikipedia.org Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zh.wikipedia.org (Zhongwen)/Hanyu] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] 4337 2005-09-09T17:21:29Z Chin 20 =ආයුෙබා්වන් මිතුරනි!= <center>This subdomain is reserved for the creation of a Wikipedia in the Sinhalese language. ''' Current number of articles: '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' </center> Welcome friends. A number of people are working on starting up our very own Sinhalese Wikipedia. The common consensus is that a unicode font should be used instead of something like kaputa. We have two candidates. :: * LKLug - proposed by ''Unknown User''. Download instructions are below. * Malathi - proposed by [[User:Chin]]. Download from [http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf Moratuwa University] LKLug is a very nice font but is not very suitable for a webpage (good for printing though) as it has too much frills and curves. Malathi is simpler and more appropriate. It looks like a Sinhala sister of Trebuchet. Please download it from [[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf]] and change your encoding to UTF-8. Also change all font families to Malithi. '''For more help, refer to the ''[[Talk:Main_Page|discussion page]]''. Start working on a page or two if you can.''' ---- Getting a Sinhalese font: #Go to http://sinhala.linux.lk/. #Click the [http://sinhala.linux.lk/pub/0.2/ download link]. #Download [http://sinhala.linux.lk/pub/0.2/sinhala-gnu-linux-0.2.tar.gz the tarball]. Extracting the font out of it: #Search for the file lklug.otf in the tarball and extract it into any convenient directory. Installing the font: *Windows: Open the directory where you extracted lklug.otf, open control panel->fonts, drag & drop the otf into the fonts window. *GNOME 2.x: Open the directory where you extracted lklug.otf in the file manager, open <tt>fonts:///</tt> in another file manager window, drag & drop the otf into the fonts window. *Linux/*BSD (with XFreetype): Ensure the directory ~/.fonts/ exists and copy lklug.otf to ~/.fonts/. If this doesn't work, check which directories are referenced in /etc/fonts/fonts.conf and copy the file to one of those directories. Configuring the browser to use the font: *In the browser settings for character-set "Unicode", select the font "lklug" for all font families. NOTE: If your rendering engine (e.g. Internet Explorer's renderer or Gecko or Pango, etc.) doesn't have "complex text layout/Indic support/<whatever other names it is called as>" for Sinhalese, it may not combine consonants & vowel signs properly. ---- [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Elsässische] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://as.wikipedia.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org Balgarski] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.org Català] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Česky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://et.wikipedia.com Eesti] - [http://el.wikipedia.org (Ελληνικά Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.org Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (Farsi)] - [http://fr.wikipedia.com Français] - [http://fy.wikipedia.org Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.org Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaraní] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी (Hindi] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://hr.wikipedia.org Hrvatski] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org Íslenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org (Hangukeo)] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Ekspreso] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lt.wikipedia.com Lietuviškai] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org Mâori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://nds.wikipedia.com Plattdüütsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com/ Polska] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pt.wikipedia.com/ Português] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.org/ Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.org Русский] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqiptare] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Sinhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovenčina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svenska] - [http://sw.wikipedia.org kiSwahili] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org Tatarça] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org Türkçe] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek] - [http://vi.wikipedia.org Tiếng Việt] - [http://vo.wikipedia.org Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zh.wikipedia.org (Zhongwen)/Hanyu] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] 4345 2005-09-09T21:34:57Z Chin 20 =ආයුෙබා්වන් මිතුරනි!= <center>This subdomain is reserved for the creation of a Wikipedia in the Sinhalese language. ''' Current number of articles: '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' </center> '''ඔබට ෙමය කියවීමට හැකිනම් පහත පියවරවල් අවශ්ය නැත.''' Welcome friends. A number of people are working on starting up our very own Sinhalese Wikipedia. The common consensus is that a unicode font should be used instead of something like kaputa. We have two candidates. :: * LKLug - proposed by ''Unknown User''. Download instructions are below. * Malathi - proposed by [[User:Chin]]. Download from [http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf Moratuwa University] LKLug is a very nice font but is not very suitable for a webpage (good for printing though) as it has too much frills and curves. Malathi is simpler and more appropriate. It looks like a Sinhala sister of Trebuchet. Please download it from [[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf]] and change your encoding to UTF-8. Also change all font families to Malithi. '''For more help, refer to the ''[[Talk:Main_Page|discussion page]]''. Start working on a page or two if you can.''' ---- Getting a Sinhalese font: #Go to http://sinhala.linux.lk/. #Click the [http://sinhala.linux.lk/pub/0.2/ download link]. #Download [http://sinhala.linux.lk/pub/0.2/sinhala-gnu-linux-0.2.tar.gz the tarball]. Extracting the font out of it: #Search for the file lklug.otf in the tarball and extract it into any convenient directory. Installing the font: *Windows: Open the directory where you extracted lklug.otf, open control panel->fonts, drag & drop the otf into the fonts window. *GNOME 2.x: Open the directory where you extracted lklug.otf in the file manager, open <tt>fonts:///</tt> in another file manager window, drag & drop the otf into the fonts window. *Linux/*BSD (with XFreetype): Ensure the directory ~/.fonts/ exists and copy lklug.otf to ~/.fonts/. If this doesn't work, check which directories are referenced in /etc/fonts/fonts.conf and copy the file to one of those directories. Configuring the browser to use the font: *In the browser settings for character-set "Unicode", select the font "lklug" for all font families. NOTE: If your rendering engine (e.g. Internet Explorer's renderer or Gecko or Pango, etc.) doesn't have "complex text layout/Indic support/<whatever other names it is called as>" for Sinhalese, it may not combine consonants & vowel signs properly. ---- [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Elsässische] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://as.wikipedia.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org Balgarski] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.org Català] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Česky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://et.wikipedia.com Eesti] - [http://el.wikipedia.org (Ελληνικά Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.org Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (Farsi)] - [http://fr.wikipedia.com Français] - [http://fy.wikipedia.org Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.org Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaraní] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी (Hindi] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://hr.wikipedia.org Hrvatski] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org Íslenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org (Hangukeo)] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Ekspreso] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lt.wikipedia.com Lietuviškai] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org Mâori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://nds.wikipedia.com Plattdüütsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com/ Polska] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pt.wikipedia.com/ Português] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.org/ Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.org Русский] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqiptare] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Sinhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovenčina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svenska] - [http://sw.wikipedia.org kiSwahili] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org Tatarça] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org Türkçe] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek] - [http://vi.wikipedia.org Tiếng Việt] - [http://vo.wikipedia.org Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zh.wikipedia.org (Zhongwen)/Hanyu] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] 4353 2005-09-09T22:30:35Z Chin 20 =ආයුෙබා්වන් මිතුරනි!= <center>This subdomain is reserved for the creation of a Wikipedia in the Sinhalese language. ''' Current number of articles: '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' </center> :: *[[ශ්රී ලංකා]] '''ඔබට ෙමය කියවීමට හැකිනම් පහත පියවරවල් අවශ්ය නැත.''' Welcome friends. A number of people are working on starting up our very own Sinhalese Wikipedia. The common consensus is that a unicode font should be used instead of something like kaputa. We have two candidates. :: * LKLug - proposed by ''Unknown User''. Download instructions are below. * Malathi - proposed by [[User:Chin]]. Download from [http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf Moratuwa University] LKLug is a very nice font but is not very suitable for a webpage (good for printing though) as it has too much frills and curves. Malathi is simpler and more appropriate. It looks like a Sinhala sister of Trebuchet. Please download it from [[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf]] and change your encoding to UTF-8. Also change all font families to Malithi. '''For more help, refer to the ''[[Talk:Main_Page|discussion page]]''. Start working on a page or two if you can.''' ---- Getting a Sinhalese font: #Go to http://sinhala.linux.lk/. #Click the [http://sinhala.linux.lk/pub/0.2/ download link]. #Download [http://sinhala.linux.lk/pub/0.2/sinhala-gnu-linux-0.2.tar.gz the tarball]. Extracting the font out of it: #Search for the file lklug.otf in the tarball and extract it into any convenient directory. Installing the font: *Windows: Open the directory where you extracted lklug.otf, open control panel->fonts, drag & drop the otf into the fonts window. *GNOME 2.x: Open the directory where you extracted lklug.otf in the file manager, open <tt>fonts:///</tt> in another file manager window, drag & drop the otf into the fonts window. *Linux/*BSD (with XFreetype): Ensure the directory ~/.fonts/ exists and copy lklug.otf to ~/.fonts/. If this doesn't work, check which directories are referenced in /etc/fonts/fonts.conf and copy the file to one of those directories. Configuring the browser to use the font: *In the browser settings for character-set "Unicode", select the font "lklug" for all font families. NOTE: If your rendering engine (e.g. Internet Explorer's renderer or Gecko or Pango, etc.) doesn't have "complex text layout/Indic support/<whatever other names it is called as>" for Sinhalese, it may not combine consonants & vowel signs properly. ---- [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Elsässische] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://as.wikipedia.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org Balgarski] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.org Català] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Česky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://et.wikipedia.com Eesti] - [http://el.wikipedia.org (Ελληνικά Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.org Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (Farsi)] - [http://fr.wikipedia.com Français] - [http://fy.wikipedia.org Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.org Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaraní] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी (Hindi] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://hr.wikipedia.org Hrvatski] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org Íslenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org (Hangukeo)] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Ekspreso] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lt.wikipedia.com Lietuviškai] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org Mâori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://nds.wikipedia.com Plattdüütsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com/ Polska] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pt.wikipedia.com/ Português] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.org/ Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.org Русский] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqiptare] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Sinhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovenčina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svenska] - [http://sw.wikipedia.org kiSwahili] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org Tatarça] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org Türkçe] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek] - [http://vi.wikipedia.org Tiếng Việt] - [http://vo.wikipedia.org Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zh.wikipedia.org (Zhongwen)/Hanyu] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] 4361 2005-09-10T11:59:47Z Chin 20 =ආයුෙබා්වන් මිතුරනි!= <center>This subdomain is reserved for the creation of a Wikipedia in the Sinhalese language. ''' Current number of articles: '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' </center> :: *[[ශ්රී ලංකා]] '''ඔබට ෙමය කියවීමට හැකිනම් පහත පියවරවල් අවශ්ය නැත.''' Welcome friends. A number of people are working on starting up our very own Sinhalese Wikipedia. The common consensus is that a unicode font should be used instead of something like kaputa. We have two candidates. :: * LKLug - proposed by ''Unknown User''. Download instructions are below. * Malathi - proposed by [[User:Chin]]. Download from [http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf Moratuwa University] LKLug is a very nice font but is not very suitable for a webpage (good for printing though) as it has too much frills and curves. Malathi is simpler and more appropriate. It looks like a Sinhala sister of Trebuchet. Please download it from [[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf]] and change your (browser) encoding to UTF-8. You can compose articles easily by using the windows character map. For more detailed instructions, [http://www.fonts.lk click here]. '''For more help, refer to the ''[[Talk:Main_Page|discussion page]]''. Start working on a page or two if you can.''' ---- Getting a Sinhalese font: #Go to http://sinhala.linux.lk/. #Click the [http://sinhala.linux.lk/pub/0.2/ download link]. #Download [http://sinhala.linux.lk/pub/0.2/sinhala-gnu-linux-0.2.tar.gz the tarball]. Extracting the font out of it: #Search for the file lklug.otf in the tarball and extract it into any convenient directory. Installing the font: *Windows: Open the directory where you extracted lklug.otf, open control panel->fonts, drag & drop the otf into the fonts window. *GNOME 2.x: Open the directory where you extracted lklug.otf in the file manager, open <tt>fonts:///</tt> in another file manager window, drag & drop the otf into the fonts window. *Linux/*BSD (with XFreetype): Ensure the directory ~/.fonts/ exists and copy lklug.otf to ~/.fonts/. If this doesn't work, check which directories are referenced in /etc/fonts/fonts.conf and copy the file to one of those directories. Configuring the browser to use the font: *In the browser settings for character-set "Unicode", select the font "lklug" for all font families. NOTE: If your rendering engine (e.g. Internet Explorer's renderer or Gecko or Pango, etc.) doesn't have "complex text layout/Indic support/<whatever other names it is called as>" for Sinhalese, it may not combine consonants & vowel signs properly. ---- [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Elsässische] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://as.wikipedia.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org Balgarski] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.org Català] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Česky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://et.wikipedia.com Eesti] - [http://el.wikipedia.org (Ελληνικά Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.org Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (Farsi)] - [http://fr.wikipedia.com Français] - [http://fy.wikipedia.org Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.org Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaraní] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी (Hindi] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://hr.wikipedia.org Hrvatski] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org Íslenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org (Hangukeo)] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Ekspreso] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lt.wikipedia.com Lietuviškai] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org Mâori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://nds.wikipedia.com Plattdüütsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com/ Polska] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pt.wikipedia.com/ Português] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.org/ Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.org Русский] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqiptare] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Sinhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovenčina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svenska] - [http://sw.wikipedia.org kiSwahili] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org Tatarça] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org Türkçe] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek] - [http://vi.wikipedia.org Tiếng Việt] - [http://vo.wikipedia.org Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zh.wikipedia.org (Zhongwen)/Hanyu] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] 4363 2005-09-11T18:42:09Z Chin 20 clean up [[Image:Sinhalaganna.jpg|right]] =ආයුෙබා්වන්!= <center> ===[[විිිිිකිපීඩියා]], ෙහවත් ඕනෑම ෙකෙනකුට වැඩිදියුණු කල හැකි විශ්වෙකා්ෂයට ඔබව පිළිගනිමු. 2005 වසේර ඇරඹි ෙම් [[සිංහල]] භාෂා සංස්කරණෙය් දැනට පිටු {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}ක් අැත.=== Welcome to Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia that anyone can improve. This [[:en:Sinhalese|Sinhalese]] version, started in 2005, has {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} articles. If you '''cannot read''' the Sinhala letters in this page, '''[[Wikipedia:Help|click here]]''' for '''[[Wikipedia:Help|Help]]''' </center> :: *[[ශ්රී ලංකා]] '''ඔබට ෙමය කියවීමට හැකිනම් පහත පියවරවල් අවශ්ය නැත.''' ---- [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Elsässische] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://as.wikipedia.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org Balgarski] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.org Català] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Česky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://et.wikipedia.com Eesti] - [http://el.wikipedia.org (Ελληνικά Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.org Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (Farsi)] - [http://fr.wikipedia.com Français] - [http://fy.wikipedia.org Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.org Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaraní] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी (Hindi] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://hr.wikipedia.org Hrvatski] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org Íslenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org (Hangukeo)] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Ekspreso] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lt.wikipedia.com Lietuviškai] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org Mâori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://nds.wikipedia.com Plattdüütsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com/ Polska] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pt.wikipedia.com/ Português] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.org/ Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.org Русский] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqiptare] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Sinhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovenčina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svenska] - [http://sw.wikipedia.org kiSwahili] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org Tatarça] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org Türkçe] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek] - [http://vi.wikipedia.org Tiếng Việt] - [http://vo.wikipedia.org Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zh.wikipedia.org (Zhongwen)/Hanyu] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] 4364 2005-09-11T19:03:39Z Chin 20 [[Image:Sinhalaganna.jpg|right|Sinhala fonts]] =ආයුෙබා්වන්!= <center> ===[[විිිිිකිපීඩියා]], ෙහවත් ඕනෑම ෙකෙනකුට වැඩිදියුණු කල හැකි විශ්වෙකා්ෂයට ඔබව පිළිගනිමු. 2005 වසේර ඇරඹි ෙම් [[සිංහල]] භාෂා සංස්කරණෙය් දැනට පිටු {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}ක් අැත.=== Welcome to Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia that anyone can improve. This [[:en:Sinhalese|Sinhalese]] version, started in 2005, has {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} articles. </center> :: *[[ශ්රී ලංකා]] ---- [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Elsässische] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://as.wikipedia.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org Balgarski] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.org Català] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Česky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://et.wikipedia.com Eesti] - [http://el.wikipedia.org (Ελληνικά Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.org Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (Farsi)] - [http://fr.wikipedia.com Français] - [http://fy.wikipedia.org Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.org Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaraní] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी (Hindi] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://hr.wikipedia.org Hrvatski] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org Íslenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org (Hangukeo)] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Ekspreso] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lt.wikipedia.com Lietuviškai] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org Mâori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://nds.wikipedia.com Plattdüütsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com/ Polska] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pt.wikipedia.com/ Português] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.org/ Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.org Русский] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqiptare] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Sinhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovenčina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svenska] - [http://sw.wikipedia.org kiSwahili] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org Tatarça] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org Türkçe] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek] - [http://vi.wikipedia.org Tiếng Việt] - [http://vo.wikipedia.org Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zh.wikipedia.org (Zhongwen)/Hanyu] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] 4365 2005-09-11T19:07:59Z Chin 20 [[Image:Sinhalaganna.jpg|right|Sinhala fonts]] =ආයුෙබා්වන්= <center> '''[[විිිිිකිපීඩියා]], ෙහවත් ඕනෑම ෙකෙනකුට වැඩිදියුණු කල හැකි විශ්වෙකා්ෂයට ඔබව පිළිගනිමු. 2005 වසේර ඇරඹි ෙම් [[සිංහල]] භාෂා සංස්කරණෙය් දැනට පිටු {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}ක් අැත.''' Welcome to Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia that anyone can improve. This [[:en:Sinhalese|Sinhalese]] version, started in 2005, has {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} articles. </center> :: *[[ශ්රී ලංකා]] ---- [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Elsässische] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://as.wikipedia.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org Balgarski] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.org Català] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Česky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://et.wikipedia.com Eesti] - [http://el.wikipedia.org (Ελληνικά Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.org Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (Farsi)] - [http://fr.wikipedia.com Français] - [http://fy.wikipedia.org Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.org Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaraní] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी (Hindi] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://hr.wikipedia.org Hrvatski] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org Íslenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org (Hangukeo)] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Ekspreso] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lt.wikipedia.com Lietuviškai] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org Mâori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://nds.wikipedia.com Plattdüütsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com/ Polska] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pt.wikipedia.com/ Português] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.org/ Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.org Русский] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqiptare] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Sinhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovenčina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svenska] - [http://sw.wikipedia.org kiSwahili] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org Tatarça] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org Türkçe] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek] - [http://vi.wikipedia.org Tiếng Việt] - [http://vo.wikipedia.org Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zh.wikipedia.org (Zhongwen)/Hanyu] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] 4366 2005-09-11T19:10:14Z Chin 20 /* ආයුෙබා්වන් */ [[Image:Sinhalaganna.jpg|right|Sinhala fonts]] ආයුෙබා්වන් ---- <center> '''[[විිිිිකිපීඩියා]], ෙහවත් ඕනෑම ෙකෙනකුට වැඩිදියුණු කල හැකි විශ්වෙකා්ෂයට ඔබව පිළිගනිමු. 2005 වසේර ඇරඹි ෙම් [[සිංහල]] භාෂා සංස්කරණෙය් දැනට පිටු {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}ක් අැත.''' Welcome to Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia that anyone can improve. This [[:en:Sinhalese|Sinhalese]] version, started in 2005, has {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} articles. </center> :: *[[ශ්රී ලංකා]] ---- [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Elsässische] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://as.wikipedia.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org Balgarski] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.org Català] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Česky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://et.wikipedia.com Eesti] - [http://el.wikipedia.org (Ελληνικά Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.org Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (Farsi)] - [http://fr.wikipedia.com Français] - [http://fy.wikipedia.org Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.org Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaraní] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी (Hindi] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://hr.wikipedia.org Hrvatski] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org Íslenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org (Hangukeo)] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Ekspreso] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lt.wikipedia.com Lietuviškai] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org Mâori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://nds.wikipedia.com Plattdüütsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com/ Polska] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pt.wikipedia.com/ Português] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.org/ Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.org Русский] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqiptare] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Sinhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovenčina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svenska] - [http://sw.wikipedia.org kiSwahili] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org Tatarça] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org Türkçe] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek] - [http://vi.wikipedia.org Tiếng Việt] - [http://vo.wikipedia.org Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zh.wikipedia.org (Zhongwen)/Hanyu] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] 4367 2005-09-11T19:11:37Z Chin 20 [[Image:Sinhalaganna.jpg|right|Sinhala fonts]] =ආයුෙබා්වන්= ---- <center> '''[[විිිිිකිපීඩියා]], ෙහවත් ඕනෑම ෙකෙනකුට වැඩිදියුණු කල හැකි විශ්වෙකා්ෂයට ඔබව පිළිගනිමු. 2005 වසේර ඇරඹි ෙම් [[සිංහල]] භාෂා සංස්කරණෙය් දැනට පිටු {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}ක් අැත.''' Welcome to Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia that anyone can improve. This [[:en:Sinhalese|Sinhalese]] version, started in 2005, has {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} articles. </center> :: *[[ශ්රී ලංකා]] ---- [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Elsässische] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://as.wikipedia.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org Balgarski] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.org Català] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Česky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://et.wikipedia.com Eesti] - [http://el.wikipedia.org (Ελληνικά Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.org Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (Farsi)] - [http://fr.wikipedia.com Français] - [http://fy.wikipedia.org Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.org Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaraní] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी (Hindi] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://hr.wikipedia.org Hrvatski] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org Íslenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org (Hangukeo)] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Ekspreso] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lt.wikipedia.com Lietuviškai] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org Mâori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://nds.wikipedia.com Plattdüütsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com/ Polska] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pt.wikipedia.com/ Português] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.org/ Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.org Русский] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqiptare] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Sinhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovenčina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svenska] - [http://sw.wikipedia.org kiSwahili] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org Tatarça] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org Türkçe] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek] - [http://vi.wikipedia.org Tiếng Việt] - [http://vo.wikipedia.org Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zh.wikipedia.org (Zhongwen)/Hanyu] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] 4371 2005-09-11T19:25:26Z Chin 20 ADDED REDIRECT TO ආයුෙබා්වන්! #REDIRECT [ආයුෙබා්වන්!] 4372 2005-09-11T19:26:20Z Chin 20 #REDIRECT [[ආයුෙබා්වන්!]] 4383 2005-09-11T21:30:41Z Chin 20 Main Page moved to ආයුෙබා්වන්. #REDIRECT [[ආයුෙබා්වන්!]] Kemija 25 73 2002-05-27T15:11:55Z Peterlin * [[Periodni sistem elementov]] 2592 2002-06-03T12:37:22Z XJamRastafire * Kvantna Teorija Polja 26 74 2002-05-29T22:10:38Z ar10-214i.dial-up.arnes.si plain prevod iz angleske inacice+rusko raziskovanje na tem podrocju '''Kvantna teorija polja''' je razširitev [[kvantna mehanika|kvantne mehanike]] od toèkovnih delcev do polj kot je na primer elektromagnetno polje. Razvoj nove teorije je bil potreben, ker navadna kvantna mehanika ni mogla opisati nastanka ali anihilacije osnovnih delcev. Teorija je v skladu z [[Albert Einstein|Einsteinovo]] [[posebna teorija relativnosti|posebno teorijo relativnosti]]. Kvantno teorijo polja so med leti [[1935]] do [[1955]] razvili fiziki, med njimi [[Paul Dirac]], [[Vladimir A. Fock]],[[Werner Heisenberg]], [[Wolfgang Ernst Pauli]], [[Enrico Fermi]], [[Freeman John Dyson]], [[Julian Schwinger]], [[Richard Feynman]]. Močno se je razvila tudi s pomočjo ruskih fizikov. Je temelj sodobnim teorijam osnovnih delcev v elektromagnetnem polju in poljih šibke in moène sile. Kvantna teorija elektromagnetnih pojavov ali [[kvantna elektrodinamika]] (QED) je ena od najbolj preskušenih fizikalnih teorij. ---- '''Viri:''' A. N. Kušnirenko (А. Н. Кушниренко), ''Uvod v kvantno teorijo polja'' (''Введение в квантовую теорию поля''), (Высшая школа, Москва 1983) 2593 2002-06-03T13:12:01Z XJamRastafire * Meter 29 79 2002-04-25T10:22:29Z Peterlin Zgodovinski podatki. '''Meter''' je [[dolzina|dol¾ina]], ki jo svetloba prepotuje v vakuumu v 1/299.792.458 sekunde. Zgodovinsko so meter ¾eleli definirati v 18. stoletju kot eno desetmilijoninko razdalje med polom in ekvatorjem, potegnjene po poldnevniku skozi Pariz. Ta prvi prototipni meter pa je bil za pribli¾no 0,2 milimetra prekratek, ker znansveniki niso upo¹tevali splo¹èenja Zemlje zaradi njenega vrtenja, vseeno pa je postal standard. Leta 1889 so izdelali nov ''prameter'' iz zlitine 90% platine in 10% iridija in meter definirali kot njegovo dol¾ino pri niè stopinjah celzija. Leta 1960 so meter definirali na osnovi sevanja kriptona 86Kr, leta 1983 pa je mednarodna konferenca za ute¾i in mere (CPGM - Conférence Générale des Poids et Mesures) sprejela zgornjo definicijo. 2596 2002-06-03T12:58:22Z XJamRastafire * Mol 30 80 2002-04-25T10:07:06Z Peterlin * '''Mol''' je enota mno¾ina snovi, ki vsebuje toliko osnovnih delov snovi, kolikor atomov vsebuje 0,012 [[kilogram|kilogramov]] izotopa ogljika 12C. Pri uporabi te kolièine je vedno treba navesti, za kak¹ne osnovne dele snovi gre: atome, molekule, ione, elektrone, druge delce, ali doloèene skupine teh delcev. 2597 2002-06-03T12:52:03Z XJamRastafire * Matematicne Konstante 31 81 2002-05-22T16:55:57Z XJamRastafire * '''Mathematièna konstanta''' je kolièina v [[matematika|matematiki]], ki ne spreminja svoje vrednosti. Tako je konstanta nasprotje [[spremenljivka|spremenljivki]]. === Mathematiène konstante === '''π''' ≈ 3.14159 26535 89793 23846 26433 83279 502 ([[Pi]], [[Arhimed|Arhimedova]] konstanta ali Ludolfovo število, po [[Ludolph van Ceulen|Ludolph van Ceulenu]] ['''splošna''' (''transcendentna'')]) '''e''' ≈ 2.71828 18284 59045 ([[e - osnova naravnih logaritmov|Napierjeva konstanta]], osnova [[naravni logaritem|naravnega logaritma]] ['''splošna''' (''transcendentna'')]) '''γ''' ≈ 0.57721 56649 01532 ([[Euler-Mascheronijeva konstanta]], ['''splošna''', '''teorija števil''' (''?'')]) '''φ''' ≈ 1.61803 39887 49894 ([[Stevilo zlatega reza|Število zlatega reza]] ['''splošna''' (''algebraièna'')]) '''δ''' ≈ 4.66920 16091 ([[Feigenbaumova konstanta]] ['''bifurkacija''']) '''α''' ≈ 2.50290 78750 ([[Feigenbaumova konstanta]] ['''bifurkacija''']) '''C2''' ≈ 0.66016 11815 84686 95739 27812 11001 45 ([[Konstanta prastevilskih dvojskov|Konstanta praštevilskih dvojèkov]] ['''teorija števil''']) '''M1''' ≈ 0.26149 72128 ([[Mertensova konstanta]] ['''teorija števil''']) '''B2''' ≈ 1.90216 05823 ([[Brunova konstanta]] za praštevilske dvojčke ['''teorija števil''']) '''B4''' ≈ 0.87058 83800 ([[Brunova konstanta]] za praštevilske četverčke ['''teorija števil''']) '''Λ''' > – 2.7 · 10-9 ([[de Bruijn-Newmanova konstanta]] ['''teorija števil''']) '''K''' ≈ 0.91596 55941 77 ([[Catalanova konstanta]] ['''teorija števil''']) '''B´L''' ≈ 1.0836 6 ([[Legendreva konstanta]] ['''teorija števil''']) '''μ''' ≈ 1.45136 92348 ([[Ramanujan-Soldnerjeva konstanta]], [[Soldnerjeva konstanta]] ['''teorija števil''']) '''Zunanje povezave:''' * Matematične konstante: http://www.mathsoft.com/asolve/constant/constant.html * Kalkulator z inverzno simboliko (kako lahko dano število konstruiramo iz matematičnih konstant): http://www.cecm.sfu.ca/projects/ISC/ 82 2002-05-31T09:07:44Z XJamRastafire T skrati '''Matematièna konstanta''' je kolièina v [[matematika|matematiki]], ki ne spreminja svoje vrednosti. Tako je konstanta nasprotje [[spremenljivka|spremenljivki]]. === Matematiène konstante === '''π''' ≈ 3.14159 26535 89793 23846 26433 83279 502 ([[Pi]], [[Arhimed|Arhimedova]] konstanta ali Ludolfovo število, po [[Ludolph van Ceulen|Ludolph van Ceulenu]] ['''splošna''' (''transcendentna'')]) '''e''' ≈ 2.71828 18284 59045 ([[e - osnova naravnih logaritmov|Napierjeva konstanta]], osnova [[naravni logaritem|naravnega logaritma]] ['''splošna''' (''transcendentna'')]) '''γ''' ≈ 0.57721 56649 01532 ([[Euler-Mascheronijeva konstanta]], ['''splošna''', '''teorija števil''' (''?'')]) '''φ''' ≈ 1.61803 39887 49894 ([[Stevilo zlatega reza|Število zlatega reza]] ['''splošna''' (''algebraièna'')]) '''δ''' ≈ 4.66920 16091 ([[Feigenbaumova konstanta]] ['''bifurkacija''']) '''α''' ≈ 2.50290 78750 ([[Feigenbaumova konstanta]] ['''bifurkacija''']) '''C2''' ≈ 0.66016 11815 84686 95739 27812 11001 45 ([[Konstanta prastevilskih dvojskov|Konstanta praštevilskih dvojèkov]] ['''teorija števil''']) '''M1''' ≈ 0.26149 72128 ([[Mertensova konstanta]] ['''teorija števil''']) '''B2''' ≈ 1.90216 05823 ([[Brunova konstanta]] za praštevilske dvojčke ['''teorija števil''']) '''B4''' ≈ 0.87058 83800 ([[Brunova konstanta]] za praštevilske četverčke ['''teorija števil''']) '''Λ''' > – 2.7 · 10-9 ([[de Bruijn-Newmanova konstanta]] ['''teorija števil''']) '''K''' ≈ 0.91596 55941 77 ([[Catalanova konstanta]] ['''teorija števil''']) '''B´L''' ≈ 1.0836 6 ([[Legendreva konstanta]] ['''teorija števil''']) '''μ''' ≈ 1.45136 92348 ([[Ramanujan-Soldnerjeva konstanta]], [[Soldnerjeva konstanta]] ['''teorija števil''']) '''Zunanje povezave:''' * Matematične konstante: http://www.mathsoft.com/asolve/constant/constant.html * Kalkulator z inverzno simboliko (kako lahko dano število konstruiramo iz matematičnih konstant): http://www.cecm.sfu.ca/projects/ISC/ 83 2002-05-31T21:04:46Z ar10-246i.dial-up.arnes.si +Erdoes-Borweinova konstanta E (vsota obratnih vrednosti Mersenneovih stevil) '''Matematièna konstanta''' je kolièina v [[matematika|matematiki]], ki ne spreminja svoje vrednosti. Tako je konstanta nasprotje [[spremenljivka|spremenljivki]]. === Matematiène konstante === '''π''' ≈ 3.14159 26535 89793 23846 26433 83279 502 ([[Pi]], [[Arhimed|Arhimedova]] konstanta ali Ludolfovo število, po [[Ludolph van Ceulen|Ludolph van Ceulenu]] ['''splošna''' (''transcendentna'')]) '''e''' ≈ 2.71828 18284 59045 ([[e - osnova naravnih logaritmov|Napierjeva konstanta]], osnova [[naravni logaritem|naravnega logaritma]] ['''splošna''' (''transcendentna'')]) '''γ''' ≈ 0.57721 56649 01532 ([[Euler-Mascheronijeva konstanta]], ['''splošna''', '''teorija števil''' (''?'')]) '''φ''' ≈ 1.61803 39887 49894 ([[Stevilo zlatega reza|Število zlatega reza]] ['''splošna''' (''algebraièna'')]) '''δ''' ≈ 4.66920 16091 ([[Feigenbaumova konstanta]] ['''bifurkacija''']) '''α''' ≈ 2.50290 78750 ([[Feigenbaumova konstanta]] ['''bifurkacija''']) '''C2''' ≈ 0.66016 11815 84686 95739 27812 11001 45 ([[Konstanta prastevilskih dvojskov|Konstanta praštevilskih dvojèkov]] ['''teorija števil''']) '''M1''' ≈ 0.26149 72128 ([[Mertensova konstanta]] ['''teorija števil''']) '''B2''' ≈ 1.90216 05823 ([[Brunova konstanta]] za praštevilske dvojčke ['''teorija števil''']) '''B4''' ≈ 0.87058 83800 ([[Brunova konstanta]] za praštevilske četverčke ['''teorija števil''']) '''Λ''' > – 2.7 · 10-9 ([[de Bruijn-Newmanova konstanta]] ['''teorija števil''']) '''K''' ≈ 0.91596 55941 77 ([[Catalanova konstanta]] ['''teorija števil''']) '''B´L''' ≈ 1.0836 6 ([[Legendreva konstanta]] ['''teorija števil''']) '''μ''' ≈ 1.45136 92348 ([[Ramanujan-Soldnerjeva konstanta]], [[Soldnerjeva konstanta]] ['''teorija števil''']) '''E'''B ≈ 1.60669 51524 15291 763 ([[Erdoes-Borweinova konstanta|Erdös-Borweinova konstanta]], ['''teorija števil'''] (''iracionalna'') '''Zunanje povezave:''' * Matematične konstante: http://www.mathsoft.com/asolve/constant/constant.html * Kalkulator z inverzno simboliko (kako lahko dano število konstruiramo iz matematičnih konstant): http://www.cecm.sfu.ca/projects/ISC/ 2598 2002-06-03T11:01:44Z XJamRastafire * Maja Einstein 32 84 2002-05-28T16:39:36Z XJamRastafire * '''Maja Einstein''', mlajša sestra [[Albert Einstein|Albelta Einsteina]], poroèena [[Winteler]], * [[1881]], † [[1951]] 85 2002-05-28T16:51:55Z XJamRastafire * '''Maja Einstein''', mlajša sestra [[Albert Einstein|Albelta Einsteina]], rojena Maria, poroèena [[Winteler]], * [[18. november]] [[1881]], München, † [[25. junij]] [[1951]], Princeton, New Jersey, ZDA. 2599 2002-06-03T10:34:40Z XJamRastafire * Nobelova Nagrada Za Fiziko 33 86 2002-05-07T08:33:32Z Peterlin Prenesel angle¹ko stran, poslovenil slovanska imena Seznam dobitnikov [[Nobelova nagrada|Nobelove nagrade]] za [[fizika|fiziko]] 1901-2001. Podrobnej¹e obrazlo¾itve so na spletni strani Nobelove fondacije http://www.nobel.se. 1901 [[Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen]]      "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him" 1902 [[Hendrik Antoon Lorentz]] [[Pieter Zeeman]]      "in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena" 1903 Antoine [[Henri Becquerel]]      "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity" [[Pierre Curie]] [[Marie Curie]]      "in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel" 1904 [[Lord Rayleigh]] (John William Strutt)      "for his investigations of the densities of the most important gases and for his discovery of argon in connection with these studies" 1905 [[Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard]]      "for his work on cathode rays" 1906 [[Sir Joseph John Thomson]]      "in recognition of the great merits of his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases" 1907 [[Albert Abraham Michelson]]      "for his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with their aid" 1908 [[Gabriel Lippmann]]      "for his method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference" 1909 [[Guglielmo Marconi]] [[Karl Ferdinand Braun]]      "in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy" 1910 [[Johannes Diderik van der Waals]]      "for his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids" 1911 [[Wilhelm Wien]]      "for his discoveries regarding the laws governing the radiation of heat" 1912 [[Nils Gustaf Dalén]]      "for his invention of automatic regulators for use in conjunction with gas accumulators for illuminating lighthouses and buoys" 1913 [[Heike Kamerlingh-Onnes]]      "for his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures which led, inter alia, to the production of liquid helium" 1914 [[Max von Laue]]      "for his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals" 1915 [[Sir William Henry Bragg]] [[William Lawrence Bragg]]      "for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays" 1916 The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section 1917 [[Charles Glover Barkla]]      "for his discovery of the characteristic Röntgen radiation of the elements" 1918 [[Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck]]      "in recognition of the services he rendered to the advancement of Physics by his discovery of energy quanta" 1919 [[Johannes Stark]]      "for his discovery of the [[Doppler effect]] in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields" 1920 [[Charles Edouard Guillaume]]      "in recognition of the service he has rendered to precision measurements in Physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys" 1921 [[Albert Einstein]]      "for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect" 1922 [[Niels Henrik David Bohr]]      "for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them" 1923 [[Robert Andrews Millikan]]      "for his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect" 1924 [[Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn]]      "for his discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy" 1925 [[James Franck]] [[Gustav Ludwig Hertz]]      "for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom" 1926 [[Jean Baptiste Perrin]]      "for his work on the discontinuous structure of matter, and especially for his discovery of sedimentation equilibrium" 1927 [[Arthur Holly Compton]]      "for his discovery of the effect named after him" [[Charles Thomson Rees Wilson]]      "for his method of making the paths of electrically charged particles visible by condensation of vapour" 1928 [[Owen Willans Richardson]]      "for his work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of the law named after him" 1929 [[Prince Louis-Victor Pierre Raymond de Broglie]]      "for his discovery of the wave nature of electrons" 1930 [[Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman]]      "for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him" 1931 The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section 1932 [[Werner Karl Heisenberg]]      "for the creation of quantum mechanics, the application of which has, inter alia, led to the discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen" 1933 [[Erwin Schrodinger|Erwin Schrödinger]] [[Paul Dirac|Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac]]      "for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory" 1934 The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section 1935 [[James Chadwick]]      "for the discovery of the neutron" 1936 [[Victor Franz Hess]]      "for his discovery of cosmic radiation" [[Carl David Anderson]]      "for his discovery of the positron" 1937 [[Clinton Joseph Davisson]] [[George Paget Thomson]]      "for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals" 1938 [[Enrico Fermi]]      "for his demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation, and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons" 1939 [[Ernest Orlando Lawrence]]      "for the invention and development of the cyclotron and for results obtained with it, especially with regard to artificial radioactive elements" 1940 The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section 1941 The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section 1942 The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section 1943 [[Otto Stern]]      "for his contribution to the development of the molecular ray method and his discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton" 1944 [[Isidor Isaac Rabi]]      "for his resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei" 1945 [[Wolfgang Ernst Pauli|Wolfgang Pauli]]      "for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle, also called the Pauli Principle" 1946 [[Percy Williams Bridgman]]      "for the invention of an apparatus to produce extremely high pressures, and for the discoveries he made therewith in the field of high pressure physics" 1947 [[Sir Edward Victor Appleton]]      "for his investigations of the physics of the upper atmosphere especially for the discovery of the so-called Appleton layer" 1948 [[Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett]]      "for his development of the Wilson cloud chamber method, and his discoveries therewith in the fields of nuclear physics and cosmic radiation" 1949 [[Hideki Yukawa]]      "for his prediction of the existence of mesons on the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces" 1950 [[Cecil Frank Powell]]      "for his development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and his discoveries regarding mesons made with this method" 1951 [[Sir John Douglas Cockcroft]] [[Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton]]      "for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles" 1952 [[Felix Bloch]] [[Edward Mills Purcell]]      "for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith" 1953 [[Frits (Frederik) Zernike]]      "for his demonstration of the phase contrast method, especially for his invention of the phase contrast microscope" 1954 [[Max Born]]      "for his fundamental research in quantum mechanics, especially for his statistical interpretation of the wavefunction" [[Walther Bothe]]      "for the coincidence method and his discoveries made therewith" 1955 [[Willis Eugene Lamb]]      "for his discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum" [[Polykarp Kusch]]      "for his precision determination of the magnetic moment of the electron" 1956 [[William Bradford Shockley]] [[John Bardeen]] [[Walter Houser Brattain]]      "for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect" 1957 [[Chen Ning Yang]] [[Tsung-Dao Lee]]      "for their penetrating investigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles" 1958 [[Pavel Aleksejevic Cerenkov|Pavel Aleksejeviè Èerenkov]] [[Ilija Mihailovic Frank|Ilija Mihailoviè Frank]] [[Igor Jergenjevic Tamm|Igor Jergenjeviè Tamm]]      "for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect" 1959 [[Emilio Gino Segre|Emilio Gino Segrè]] [[Owen Chamberlain]]      "for their discovery of the antiproton" 1960 [[Donald Arthur Glaser]]      "for the invention of the bubble chamber" 1961 [[Robert Hofstadter]]      "for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the stucture of the nucleons" [[Rudolf Ludwig Mossbauer|Rudolf Ludwig Mössbauer]]      "for his researches concerning the resonance absorption of gamma radiation and his discovery in this connection of the effect which bears his name" 1962 [[Lev Davidovic Landau|Lev Davidoviè Landau]]      "for his pioneering theories for condensed matter, especially liquid helium" 1963 [[Eugene Paul Wigner]]      "for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles" [[Maria Goeppert-Mayer]] [[J. Hans D. Jensen]]      "for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure" 1964 [[Charles Hard Townes]] [[Nikolaj Genadijevic Basov|Nikolaj Genadijeviè Basov]] [[Aleksander Mihailovic Prohorov|Aleksander Mihailoviè Prohorov]]      "for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle" 1965 [[Sin-Itiro Tomonaga]] [[Julian Schwinger]] [[Richard Feynman| Richard P. Feynman]]      "for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles" 1966 [[Alfred Kastler]]      "for the discovery and development of optical methods for studying Hertzian resonances in atoms" 1967 [[Hans Albrecht Bethe]]      "for his contributions to the theory of nuclear reactions, especially his discoveries concerning the energy production in stars" 1968 [[Luis Walter Alvarez]]      "for his decisive contributions to elementary particle physics, in particular the discovery of a large number of resonance states, made possible through his development of the technique of using hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis" 1969 [[Murray Gell-Mann]]      "for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions" 1970 [[Hannes Olof Gosta Alfven|Hannes Olof Gösta Alfvén]]      "for fundamental work and discoveries in magneto-hydrodynamics with fruitful applications in different parts of plasma physics" [[Louis Eugene Felix Neel|Louis Eugène Félix Néel]]      "for fundamental work and discoveries concerning antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism which have led to important applications in solid state physics" 1971 [[Dennis Gabor]]      "for his invention and development of the holographic method" 1972 [[John Bardeen]] [[Leon Neil Cooper]] [[John Robert Schrieffer]]      "for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory" 1973 [[Leo Esaki]] [[Ivar Giaever]]      "for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors, respectively" [[Brian David Josephson]]      "for his theoretical predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel barrier, in particular those phenomena which are generally known as the Josephson effects" 1974 [[Sir Martin Ryle]] [[Antony Hewish]]      "for their pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle for his observations and inventions, in particular of the aperture synthesis technique, and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars" 1975 [[Aage Niels Bohr]] [[Ben Roy Mottelson]] [[Leo James Rainwater]]      "for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection" 1976 [[Burton Richter]] [[Samuel Chao Chung Ting]]      "for their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind" 1977 [[Philip Warren Anderson]] [[Sir Nevill Francis Mott]] [[John Hasbrouck van Vleck]]      "for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems" 1978 [[Pjotr Leonidovic Kapica|Pjotr Leonidoviè Kapica]]      "for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics" [[Arno Allan Penzias]] [[Robert Woodrow Wilson]]      "for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation" 1979 [[Sheldon Lee Glashow]] [[Abdus Salam]] [[Steven Weinberg]]      "for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current" 1980 [[James Watson Cronin]] [[Val Logsdon Fitch]]      "for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons" 1981 [[Nicolaas Bloembergen]] [[Arthur Leonard Schawlow]]      "for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy" [[Kai M. Siegbahn]]      "for his contribution to the development of high-resolution electron spectroscopy" 1982 [[Kenneth G. Wilson]]      "for his theory for critical phenomena in connection with phase transitions" 1983 [[Subramanyan Chandrasekhar]]      "for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars" [[William Alfred Fowler]]      "for his theoretical and experimental studies of the nuclear reactions of importance in the formation of the chemical elements in the universe" 1984 [[Carlo Rubbia]] [[Simon van der Meer]]      "for their decisive contributions to the large project, which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z, communicators of weak interaction" 1985 [[Klaus von Klitzing]]      "for the discovery of the quantized Hall effect" 1986 [[Ernst Ruska]]      "for his fundamental work in electron optics, and for the design of the first electron microscope" [[Gerd Binnig]] [[Heinrich Rohrer]]      "for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope" 1987 [[J. Georg Bednorz]] [[K. Alexander Muller|K. Alexander Müller]]      "for their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials" 1988 [[Leon M. Lederman]] [[Melvin Schwartz]] [[Jack Steinberger]]      "for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino" 1989 [[Norman F. Ramsey]]      "for the invention of the separated oscillatory fields method and its use in the hydrogen maser and other atomic clocks" [[Hans G. Dehmelt]] [[Wolfgang Paul]]      "for the development of the ion trap technique" 1990 [[Jerome I. Friedman]] [[Henry W. Kendall]] [[Richard E. Taylor]]      "for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics" 1991 [[Pierre-Gilles de Gennes]]      "for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter, in particular to liquid crystals and polymers" 1992 [[Georges Charpak]]      "for his invention and development of particle detectors, in particular the multiwire proportional chamber" 1993 [[Russell A. Hulse]] [[Joseph H. Taylor Jr.]]      "for the discovery of a new type of pulsar, a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation" 1994      "for pioneering contributions to the development of neutron scattering techniques for studies of condensed matter" [[Bertram N. Brockhouse]]      "for the development of neutron spectroscopy" [[Clifford G. Shull]]      "for the development of the neutron diffraction technique" 1995      "for pioneering experimental contributions to lepton physics" [[Martin L. Perl]]      "for the discovery of the tau lepton" [[Frederick Reines]]      "for the detection of the neutrino" 1996 [[David M. Lee]] [[Douglas D. Osheroff]] [[Robert C. Richardson]]      "for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3" 1997 [[Steven Chu]] [[Claude Cohen-Tannoudji]] [[William D. Phillips]]      "for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light" 1998 [[Robert B. Laughlin]] [[Horst L. Stormer|Horst L. Störmer]] [[Daniel C. Tsui]]      "for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations" 1999 [[Gerardus 't Hooft]] [[Martinus J.G. Veltman]]      "for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics" 2000 [[Zores I. Alferov|®ores I. Alferov]]      "for basic work on information and communication technology" [[Herbert Kroemer]]      "for developing semiconductor heterostuctures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics" [[Jack S Kilby]]      "for his part in the invention of the integrated circuit" 2001 [[Eric A Cornell]] [[Wolfgang Ketterle]] [[Carl E Wieman]]      "for the achievement of [[Bose-Einstein condensate|Bose-Einstein condensation]] in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates" ---- ''Opomba" - vsi citati so povzeti s spletne strani Nobelove fondacije: http://www.nobel.se 2600 2002-06-03T13:04:19Z XJamRastafire * Nikolaj Nikolajevic Bogoljubov 34 87 2002-05-30T00:53:13Z ar10-214i.dial-up.arnes.si * '''Nikolaj Nikolajevič Bogoljubov''' ('''(Николай Николаевич Боголюбов''', ruski fizik in matematik, * [[21. avgust]] [[1909]], Nižnij Novgorod, ((Нижний Новгород), † [[12. februar]] [[1992]], Moskva. [[23. oktober|23. oktobra]] [[1953]] je postal član Sovjetske akademije znanosti. [[1983]] je prejel zlato medaljo M.A. Lavrentjeva za delo ''O stohastičnih procesih v dinamičnih sestavih'' (''(О стохастических процессах в динамических системах''), [[1984]] zlato medaljo M.V. Lomonosova za pomembne dosežke na področju matematike in teoretične fizike, [[1989]] zlato medaljo A.M. Ljapunova za obsežno delo na področju stabilnosti, kritičnih pojavov in faznih prehodov v teoriji sestavov delcev, [[1992]] pa je posmrtno prejel [[Diracova medalja|Diracovo medaljo]] za temeljne doprinose fiziki in matematiki. V statistični fiziki je bilo njegovo raziskovanje Bose-Einsteinove kondenzacije neidealnega plina zelo plodno. Pomeni temelje za teorijo supertekočnosti helija II. Poživilo je precej poznejših raziskav z metodo kvazi delcev. Pozneje je posplošil to metodo na fermione in jo uporabil pri pojavu superprevodnosti s sistematično mikroskopsko teorijo. Znamenite Bogoljubove transformacije so temelj sodobne fizike. V fiziki osnovnih delcev je bil Bogoljubov prvi, ki je podal natančen dokaz enačb nepomične kotne disperzije za pionski jedrski raztros, na podlagi [[kvantna teorija polja|lokalne kvantne teorije polja]]. To delo je izhajalo iz njegovega raziskovanja aksiomatske osnove relativistične kvantne teorije polja in zgradbe S matrik. Drugo pomembno delo je bila njegova sistematična določitev renolmalizacijskih postopkov za preračune motenj S matrik. V matematiki je pomembno njegovo delo na področju nelinearne mehanike in splošne teorije dinamičnih sestavov. 88 2002-05-30T00:56:45Z ar10-214i.dial-up.arnes.si * Nikolaj Nikolajevič '''Bogoljubov''' ((Николай Николаевич '''Боголюбов''', ruski fizik in matematik, * [[21. avgust]] [[1909]], Nižnij Novgorod, (Нижний Новгород), † [[12. februar]] [[1992]], Moskva. [[23. oktober|23. oktobra]] [[1953]] je postal član Sovjetske akademije znanosti. [[1983]] je prejel zlato medaljo M.A. Lavrentjeva za delo ''O stohastičnih procesih v dinamičnih sestavih'' (''(О стохастических процессах в динамических системах''), [[1984]] zlato medaljo M.V. Lomonosova za pomembne dosežke na področju matematike in teoretične fizike, [[1989]] zlato medaljo A.M. Ljapunova za obsežno delo na področju stabilnosti, kritičnih pojavov in faznih prehodov v teoriji sestavov delcev, [[1992]] pa je posmrtno prejel [[Diracova medalja|Diracovo medaljo]] za temeljne doprinose fiziki in matematiki. V statistični fiziki je bilo njegovo raziskovanje Bose-Einsteinove kondenzacije neidealnega plina zelo plodno. Pomeni temelje za teorijo supertekočnosti helija II. Poživilo je precej poznejših raziskav z metodo kvazi delcev. Pozneje je posplošil to metodo na fermione in jo uporabil pri pojavu superprevodnosti s sistematično mikroskopsko teorijo. Znamenite Bogoljubove transformacije so temelj sodobne fizike. V fiziki osnovnih delcev je bil Bogoljubov prvi, ki je podal natančen dokaz enačb nepomične kotne disperzije za pionski jedrski raztros, na podlagi [[kvantna teorija polja|lokalne kvantne teorije polja]]. To delo je izhajalo iz njegovega raziskovanja aksiomatske osnove relativistične kvantne teorije polja in zgradbe S matrik. Drugo pomembno delo je bila njegova sistematična določitev renolmalizacijskih postopkov za preračune motenj S matrik. V matematiki je pomembno njegovo delo na področju nelinearne mehanike in splošne teorije dinamičnih sestavov. 89 2002-05-30T01:12:24Z ar10-214i.dial-up.arnes.si T skrat Nikolaj Nikolajevič '''Bogoljubov''' ((Николай Николаевич '''Боголюбов''', ruski fizik in matematik, * [[21. avgust]] [[1909]], Nižnij Novgorod, (Нижний Новгород), † [[12. februar]] [[1992]], Moskva. [[23. oktober|23. oktobra]] [[1953]] je postal član Sovjetske akademije znanosti. [[1983]] je prejel zlato medaljo M.A. Lavrentjeva za delo ''O stohastičnih procesih v dinamičnih sestavih'' (''(О стохастических процессах в динамических системах''), [[1984]] zlato medaljo M.V. Lomonosova za pomembne dosežke na področju matematike in teoretične fizike, [[1989]] zlato medaljo A.M. Ljapunova za obsežno delo na področju stabilnosti, kritičnih pojavov in faznih prehodov v teoriji sestavov delcev, [[1992]] pa je posmrtno prejel [[Diracova medalja|Diracovo medaljo]] za temeljne doprinose fiziki in matematiki. V statistični fiziki je bilo njegovo raziskovanje Bose-Einsteinove kondenzacije neidealnega plina zelo plodno. Pomeni temelje za teorijo supertekočnosti helija II. Poživilo je precej poznejših raziskav z metodo kvazi delcev. Pozneje je posplošil to metodo na fermione in jo uporabil pri pojavu superprevodnosti s sistematično mikroskopsko teorijo. Znamenite Bogoljubove transformacije so temelj sodobne fizike. V fiziki osnovnih delcev je bil Bogoljubov prvi, ki je podal natančen dokaz enačb nepomične kotne disperzije za pionski jedrski raztros, na podlagi [[kvantna teorija polja|lokalne kvantne teorije polja]]. To delo je izhajalo iz njegovega raziskovanja aksiomatske osnove relativistične kvantne teorije polja in zgradbe S matrik. Drugo pomembno delo je bila njegova sistematična določitev renormalizacijskih postopkov za preračune motenj S matrik. V matematiki je pomembno njegovo delo na področju nelinearne mehanike in splošne teorije dinamičnih sestavov. 2601 2002-06-03T10:32:19Z XJamRastafire * Obvestila 35 90 2002-04-18T03:25:26Z ce6-92i.dial-up.arnes.si 1 [2002.26.03]] Slovenšèina sedaj tudi na glavni strani zahvaljujoè Brionu. [XJam] 91 2002-05-20T17:51:43Z XJamRastafire Se en nov clan [2002.26.03] Slovenšèina sedaj tudi na glavni strani zahvaljujoè Brionu. [http://si.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?XJamRastafire XJam] [2002.24.04] Pridružil se nam je [http://si.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?Peterlin Primož Peterlin]. [http://si.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?XJamRastafire XJam] 2602 2002-06-03T12:27:02Z XJamRastafire * Osnovne Enote SI 36 92 2002-04-24T14:20:08Z peterlin-pc.mf.uni-lj.si * Osnovne enote mednarodnega sistema enot (SI - Système International) so: <table border=1> <tr> <th>Fizikalna kolièina</th> <th>Oznaka</th> <th>Ime osnovne enote SI</th> <th>Oznaka enote SI</th> </tr> <tr> <td>dol¾ina</td> <td>''l''</td> <td>[[meter]]</td> <td>m</td> </tr> <tr> <td>masa</td> <td>''m''</td> <td>[[kilogram]]</td> <td>kg</td> </tr> <tr> <td>èas</td> <td>''t''</td> <td>[[sekunda]]</td> <td>s</td> </tr> <tr> <td>elektrièni tok</td> <td>''I''</td> <td>[[amper]]</td> <td>A</td> </tr> <tr> <td>temperatura</td> <td>''T''</td> <td>[[kelvin]]</td> <td>K</td> </tr> <tr> <td>mno¾ina snovi</td> <td>''n''</td> <td>[[mol]]</td> <td>mol</td> </tr> <tr> <td>svetilnost</td> <td>''Is''</td> <td>[[candela]]</td> <td>cd</td> </tr> </table> Vse ostale [[fizikalna enota|fizikalne enote]] lahko izpeljemo iz teh sedmih osnovnih enot. Za zapis zelo velikih ali zelo majhnih vrednosti uporabljamo [[predpone SI]]. 2603 2002-06-03T12:47:21Z XJamRastafire * Predpone SI 38 94 2002-04-25T10:40:08Z Peterlin * == Faktorji veèji od 1 == <table border=1> <tr> <th>Faktor</th> <th>Ime</th> <th>Simbol</th> </tr> <tr> <td>1024</td> <td>jota</td> <td>Y</td> </tr> <tr> <td>1021</td> <td>zeta</td> <td>Z</td> </tr> <tr> <td>1018</td> <td>eksa</td> <td>E</td> </tr> <tr> <td>1015</td> <td>peta</td> <td>P</td> </tr> <tr> <td>1012</td> <td>tera</td> <td>T</td> </tr> <tr> <td>109</td> <td>giga</td> <td>G</td> </tr> <tr> <td>106</td> <td>mega</td> <td>M</td> </tr> <tr> <td>103</td> <td>kilo</td> <td>k</td> </tr> <tr> <td>102</td> <td>hekto</td> <td>h</td> </tr> <tr> <td>101</td> <td>deka</td> <td>da</td> </tr> </table> == Faktorji manj¹i od 1 == <table border=1> <tr> <th>Faktor</th> <th>Ime</th> <th>Simbol</th> </tr> <tr> <td>10-24</td> <td>jokto</td> <td>y</td> </tr> <tr> <td>10-21</td> <td>zepto</td> <td>z</td> </tr> <tr> <td>10-18</td> <td>ato</td> <td>a</td> </tr> <tr> <td>10-15</td> <td>femto</td> <td>f</td> </tr> <tr> <td>10-12</td> <td>piko</td> <td>p</td> </tr> <tr> <td>10-9</td> <td>nano</td> <td>n</td> </tr> <tr> <td>10-6</td> <td>mikro</td> <td>µ</td> </tr> <tr> <td>10-3</td> <td>mili</td> <td>m</td> </tr> <tr> <td>10-2</td> <td>centi</td> <td>c</td> </tr> <tr> <td>10-1</td> <td>deci</td> <td>d</td> </tr> </table> 2605 2002-06-03T13:02:35Z XJamRastafire * Verjetnost In Statistika 53 2620 2002-05-31T08:53:36Z Blaz * Describe the new page here. XJamRastafire 54 128 2002-05-24T17:45:53Z XJamRastafire * Moja trenutna domača stran v slovenščini http://www.geocities.com/xjamrastafire Nekaj mojih zanimanj v slovenski in izvirni angleški inačici je navedenih spodaj. Moram reči, da odkar sodelujem v Vikipediji, se je moje osebno zanimanje še povečalo in se vzelo takorekoč od nikoder. <table border=0> <tr valign=top> <td> [[matematika| Matematika]] * [[Teorija grafov]] * [[ravninski graf|Ravninski grafi]] * [[Spektralna analiza grafov]] * [[Ramseyev izrek]] * [[Topologija]] * [[Peanovi izreki]] * [[Hilbertova Herkul in hidra]] * [[absolutni diferencialni racun|Absolutni diferencialni račun]] * [[tenzor|Tenzorski račun]] * [[valovna enacba|Valovne enačbe] * [[vektorski prostor|Vektorski prostori]] * [[Hilbertov prostor]] * [[neevklidska geometrija|Neevklidske geometrije]] * [[matematicna grupa|Matematična grupa]] * [[Teorija grup]] * [[teorija stevil|Teorija števil]] * [[najvecji skupni delitelj|Največji skupni delitelj]] * [[prastevilo|Praštevila]] * [[celostevilcna faktorizacija|Naravna ali celostevilčna faktorizacija]] * [[prastevilski izrek|Praštevilski izrek]] * [[Fermatov majhen izrek]] * [[psevdoprastevilo|Psevdopraštevila]] * [[Carmichaelova stevila|Carmichaelova števila]] * [[Semi Möbiusovo praštevilo (Möbiusovo praštevilo)]] * [[Möbiusov problem]] * [[Domneva prastevilskih dvojckov|Domneva praštevilskih dvojčkov]] * [[prastevilski dvojcki|Praštevilski dvojčki]] * [[Möbiusova aritmeticna funkcija|Möbiusova aritmetična funkcija μ(n)]] * [[Ulam - Möbiusov prt]] * [[Fermatov zadnji izrek]] * [[popolno stevilo|Popolna števila]] * [[popolno stevilo|Obstoj lihega popolnega števila]] * [[Mersenneovo stevilo|Mersenneova števila]] * [[Lucas - Lehmerjev test]] * [[razredno stevilo|Razredno število]] * [[Ramanujanova konstanta|Iracionalna semi Ramanujanova konstanta R]] * [[stevilcni sestavi|Številčni sestavi]] * [[nic|Število 0]] * [[stevilo|Znaki za števila]] * [[Ramseyevo stevilo|Ramseyevo število R(m,n)]] * [[matematicna entiteta|Matematične entitete]] * [[kolobar|Kolobarji]] * [[Homomorfizem kolobarja]] * [[logaritmicni integral|Logaritmični integral]] * [[Algebra]] * [[algebraicna geometrija|Algebraična geometrija]] * [[topoloski prostor|Topološki prostori]] * [[verizni ulomek|Verižni ulomki]] * [[Ramanujanov verizni ulomek|Ramanujanov verižni ulomek]] * [[zaporedje|Celostevična zaporedja]] * [[zaporedje|Samorodna zaporedja]] * [[zaporedje|Povratna zaporedja]] * [[Fibonaccijevo zaporedje]] * [[Fibonaccijeva stevila|Fibonaccijeva števila]] * [[Fibonaccijev kolicnik|Fibonaccijevi količniki]] * [[Lucasovo zaporedje]] * [[Beattyjeva zaporedja]] * [[Wythoffova zaporedja]] * [[zaporedje|Grupoidna celoštevična zaporedja]] * [[zaporedje|Nakopičevalna celoštevična zaporedja ]] * [[Amelova analiticna funkcija|Amelova analitična funkcija μ1(n)]] * [[Zlati rez]] * [[stevilo zlatega reza|Število zlatega reza]] * [[binomski kolicnik|Binomski količniki]] * [[matematicne konstante|Catalanova konstanta]] * [[Catalanova stevila|Catalanova števila]] * [[zaporedje|Zaporedje Catalanovih števil]] * [[Hardy - Ramanujanova stevila taksijev|Hardy - Ramanujanova števila taksijev]] * [[Riemannova domneva|Riemannova domneva o ničlah splošne Euler-Riemannove funkcije ζ(s)]] * [[Ramanujanov 117. problem]] * [[Goldbachova domneva]] * [[Ramanujanova funkcija|Ramanujanova funkcija ø(a,n), ø(n)]] * [[Ramanujanova Theta funkcija|Ramanujanove funkcije φ(x)]] * [[celicni avtomat|Celični avtomati]] * [[Turingov stroj|Turingovi stroji]] * [[Emperor's New Brain|Penroseova 'cesarjeva nova pamet']] * [[generator psevdonakljucnih stevil|Generatorji naključnih števil]] * [[nakljucnost|Naključnost sama]] * [[racunalniski algoritem|Računalniški algoritmi]] * [[jezik|Računalniški jeziki]] * [[programski jezik C|plain C]] * [[programski jezik C|C]] * [[C++]] * [[Jeziki na osnovi obratnega LISPa]] * [[HP28C/S]] * [[Maple]] * [[Umetna inteligenca]] * [[Aktivnost 'Ljudenov']] * [[Teorija kaosa]] * [[teorija kaosa|Splošna uporaba teorije kaosa v astronomiji]] * [[pojav metulja|Lorenzov pojav metulja]] * [[El Niño|Pojav El Niño]] * [[Smaleov 14. problem]] * [[aritmeticna funkcija|Aritmetične funkcije na ravnini]] * [[moebiusova funkcija|Möbiusova aritmetična funkcija μ(n) na ravnini]] * [[posebna konstanta M|Posebna konstanta 1Mλ za praštevilske siamske dvojčke]] * [[matematicne konstante|Feigenbaumovi konstanti α,δ]] * [[Hausdorffova razseznost|Besicovitch - Hausdorffova razsežnost d]] * [[L-sestav|L-sestavi]] * [[Penroseovo pokritje]] * [[Zgodovina matematike]] * [[Pi|Ludolfovo transcendentno število π]] * [[Slovenska matematika]] * [[Slovenski matematiki]] * [[TeX|PlainTeX]] * [[TeX]] * [[METAFONT]] * [[programiranje|Knjižno programiranje]] * [[Matematika]] * [[matematicne konstante|Matematične konstante]] [[fizika|Fizika]] * [[voda|Fizikalne lastnosti vode]] * [[Newtonov splosni gravitacijski zakon|Newtonov splošni gravitacijski zakon]] * [[statika|Statika togih teles]] * [[kinematika|Kinematika togih teles]] * [[dinamika|Dinamika togih teles]] * [[dinamika|Gibanje togega telesa okoli nepomične točke]] * [[Precesija]] * [[gibalna enacba|Gibalne enačbe]] * [[Hamiltonovo nacelo|Hamiltonovo načelo]] * [[Lagrangeova funkcija]] * [[Besselova funkcija|Besselove funkcije]] * [[Trdnost]] * [[Toerija hladnega preoblikovanja]] * [[Napake v snovi]] * [[atomska mreza|Napake v atomski mrezi]] * [[Fizikalne meritve]] * [[elektromagnetno valovanje|Gibanje elektromagnetnega valovanja]] * [[Svetloba]] * [[zakoni sevanja za crno telo|Zakoni sevanja za črno telo]] * [[Invariante in transformacije]] * [[Transformacijske grupe]] * [[Ohranitveni zakoni]] * [[Hitrost svetlobe]] * [[Nebesna mehanika]] * [[osnovni delec|Osnovni delci snovi]] * [[Planckova dolzina|Fizika ob Planckovi dolžini]] * [[Gauss - Landauova konvolucija]] * [[goedelov izrek|Gödelov nepopolnostni izrek v fiziki]] * [[Fizikalna nepopolnost]] * [[Paulijevo izkljucitveno nacelo|Paulijevo izključitveno načelo]] * [[Veljavnost fizikalnih teorij]] * [[Fizika]] * [[Znani fiziki]] * [[Slovenski fiziki]] * [[osnovne fizikalne konstante|Fizikalne konstante]] <td> [[Astronomija in astrofizika|Astronomija]] in [[astrofizika|Astrofizika]] * [[Astronomija na obzorju]] * [[Arheoastronomija]] * [[Astronomija Sumercev]] * [[Astronomija Majev]] * [[Astronomija Grkov]] * [[Arabska astronomija]] * [[Zgodovina astronomije]] * [[Dan]] * [[Mesec]] * [[Tropsko leto]] * [[Leto]] * [[koledar|Koledarji]] * [[prolepticni Gregorijanski koledar|Proleptični Gregorijanski koledar]] * [[Tzolkin|Tzol'kin]] * [[Cas|Astronomski čas]] * [[casovna perioda|Časovne periode]] * [[casovni cikel|Časovni cikli]] * [[Osoncje|Osončje]] * [[Gibanje Lune]] * [[Dinamika zvezd]] * [[Galaksija]] * [[Lokalna jata]] * [[Motnje planetnih tirov]] * [[Navidezna gibanja zvezd]] * [[razdalje v prostoru]] * [[Astrometrija]] * [[Astronomski instrumenti|Astronomski inštrumenti]] * [[Opticna astronomija|Optična astronomija]] * [[Gravitacijski 'detektorji']] * [[Fizika zvezd]] * [[crna luknja|Sesedke]] * [[crna luknja|Toploške lastnosti sesedk]] * [[singularnost|Singularnosti]] * [[Hubbleov vesoljski daljnogled]] * [[Astrodezija]] * [[Problemi vesoljskih poletov]] * [[astronavtika|Medvezdni in medgalaktični poleti]] * [[Astronavtika]] * [[Letalstvo]] * [[Planetologija, geoplanetologija]] * [[Slovenska astronomija]] [[kozmologija|Kozmologija]] * [[Izvor [[vesolje|Vesolja]]]] * [[kozmologija|Laična fizikalna kozmologija]] * [[Miti o stvaritvi]] * [[Kozmogoneza Dogonov]] * [[splosna teorija relativnosti|Klasična splošna teorija relativnosti kot prvi kozmološki model]] * [[gravitacija|Teorije gravitecije]] * [[Zgodovina fizikalne kozmologije]] * [[splosna teorija relativnosti|Preskusi v STR]] * [[antropicno nacelo|Antropična načela]] * [[vesolje|Mesto človeka v Vesolju]] * [[nakljucnost zivljenja|Verjetnost obstoja življenja v vesolju]] * [[Penroseova verjetnost|Penroseova verjetnost 10^10^123]] * [[kozmoloske konstante|Meritve kozmoloških konstant]] * [[fizikalna kozmologija|Matematični izreki v fizikalni kozmologiji]] * [[Temna snov]] * [[Nastanek galaksij]] * [[Olbersov paradoks|Premi in posplošen Olbersov paradoks]] * [[rdeci premik|Rdeči premik]] * [[cas|Kozmološki čas]] * [[Everrett|Deliteve v prostoru - (času) (npr. Everrett mlajši, (scenariji Vrnitve v prihodnost)]] * [[valovna funkcija|(Fraktalna) valovna funkcija časa]] * [[Cas/lastnosti|Lastnosti časa]] * [[Slovenska kozmologija]] * [[Slovenski kozmologi]] [[zemljepis|Zemljepis]],[[planetoloija|Planetologija]] * [[planet]] [[Zemlja]] (MELADMS Raa Sol 11) * [[Srednja Evropa]] * [[neskoncnost|Neskončnost]] [[Slovenija]] * [[Celje]] * [[Bled]] * [[Slovenska geografija]] * [[zunajzemeljsko zivljenje|Zunajzemeljsko življenje]] Osebnosti * [[Matametiki]] ** [[Georg Ferdinand Cantor]] ** [[Julius Wilhelm Richard Dedekind]] ** [[Keith Devlin]] ** [[Leonhard Euler]] ** [[Martin Gardner]] ** [[Carl Friedrich Gauss]] ** [[Gerhard Gentzen]] ** [[Godfrey Harold Hardy]] ** [[France Krizanic|France Križanič]] ** [[Ernst Eduard Kummer]] ** [[Josip Plemelj]] ** [[Alphonse de Polignac]] ** [[Srinivasa Aaiyangar Ramanujan]] ** [[Roger Penrose]] ** [[Abraham Robinson]] ** [[Henry John Stephen Smith]] ** [[Gabor Szego|Gábor Szegö]] ** [[Jurij Vega]] ** [[Hermann Weyl]] * [[znani fiziki|Fiziki]] [[astrofizik|Astrofiziki]] [[kozmolog|Kozmologi]] ** [[Brandon Carter]] ** [[Andrej Catez|Andrej Čatež]] ** [[Freeman Dyson|Freeman John Dyson]] ** [[Albert Einstein]] ** [[Richard Feynman|Richard Phillips Feynman]] ** [[Mirjam Galicic|Mirjam Galičič]] ** [[Andrej Gustin|Andrej Guštin]] ** [[Alojz Kodre]] ** [[Giulio Racah]] ** [[Jozef Stefan|Jožef Stefan]] ** [[Janez Strnad]] ** [[Jakov Borisovic Zel'dovic|Jakov Borisovič Zel'dovič]] * [[astronom|Astronomi]] ** [[Naburimani]] ** [[Kidinu]] ** [[Hiparh]] ** [[Ommar Hajam]] ** [[Ulugh - beg]] ** [[Nikolaj Kopernik]] ** [[Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel]] ** [[Tomaz Zwitter|Tomaž Zwitter]] * [[geograf|Geografi]] ** [[Eratosten]] ** [[Dicearh]] ** [[Anton Melik]] [[igra|Igre]] * [[Backgammon]] * [[Conwayova igra zivljenja|Conwayova igra življenja]] * [[Igre/Strategija in taktika]] * [[Go]] * [[labirint|Labirinti]] * [[Othello|Igre s ploščo podobne Othellu]] * [[Reversi]] * [[LEGO]] [[kocka|kocke]] [[slovnica|Slovnica]] * [[slovenscina|Slovenščina]] * [[anglescina|English language]] * [[ruscina|Русский язык]] * [[Inuktitut]] * [[slovnicno stevilo|Slovnično število]] * [[Dvojina]] * [[Vljudnostna oblika]] Razno * [[Ras Tafari]] * [[reggae|Roots Rock Reggae]] * [[Ptice]] * [[Ornitologija]] * [[repaljscica|Repaljščica ''Saxicola rubetra'']] * [[Sibirski husky|Sibirski husky (Čukša)]] * [[Alaski husky|Alaški husky]] * [[abesinska domaca macka|Abesinska domača mačka (abesinka)]] * [[Modeli vlakov]] * [[Modeli letal]] Kodi, števila in znaki * [[ISO 3166]] * [[ISO 639]] </td> </tr> </table> ---- [[XJamrastafire/Pripombe|Komentarji in pripombe so zelo dobrodošli...]] [[XJamrastafire/Sklici|Sklici]] '''Opomba:''' kdor želi lahko najde v zgornjem [[seznam|seznamu]] dva [[neobstoj|neobstoječa]] [[pojem|pojma]]. Nagrada sta dve [[crno pivo|črni pivi]] v Smash pubu, kar znese okoli 4€ (pohlevna [[inacica|inačica]] [[Paul Erdos|Paul Erdösove]] nagrade o [[Collatzova domneva|Collatzovi domnevi]]: matematika še ni pripravljena, njeni ljubitelji pa so). V bistvu so trije takšni pojmi, vendar tretji ne šteje... 2621 2002-06-03T11:07:25Z XJamRastafire * Zores I. Alferov 56 130 2002-05-22T14:46:16Z XJamRastafire Nekaj zacetnih podatkov (imena naj bodo v geslih po moznosti cela...) Žores Ivanoviè '''Alferov''' (tudi '''Alfyorov''') (Жорес Иванович '''Алферов'''('''Алфёров''') ), ruski fizik beloruskega rodu, rojen: [[15 Marec|15. Marca]] [[1930]], [[Vitebsk]], ( Витебск), [[ZSSR]] (sedaj [[Belorusija]] ( Беларусь) ). 131 2002-05-22T14:49:21Z XJamRastafire Angleski yo je nas jo (e oborotnie) (Rusi ga ne pisejo, pa zato taksna zmesnjava...) Žores Ivanoviè '''Alferov''' (tudi (pravilno) '''Alfjorov''') (Жорес Иванович '''Алферов'''('''Алфёров''') ), ruski fizik beloruskega rodu, rojen: [[15 Marec|15. Marca]] [[1930]], [[Vitebsk]], ( Витебск), [[ZSSR]] (sedaj [[Belorusija]] ( Беларусь) ). 132 2002-05-28T10:20:13Z XJamRastafire * Žores Ivanoviè '''Alferov''' (tudi (pravilno) '''Alfjorov''') (Жорес Иванович '''Алферов'''('''Алфёров''') ), ruski fizik beloruskega rodu, * [[15. Marec]] [[1930]], [[Vitebsk]], ( Витебск), [[ZSSR]] (sedaj [[Belorusija]] ( Беларусь) ). 133 2002-05-28T10:31:17Z XJamRastafire * Žores Ivanoviè '''Alferov''' (tudi (pravilno) '''Alfjorov''') (Жорес Иванович '''Алферов'''('''Алфёров''') ), ruski fizik beloruskega rodu, * [[15. marec]] [[1930]], [[Vitebsk]], ( Витебск), [[ZSSR]] (sedaj [[Belorusija]] ( Беларусь) ). 134 2002-05-31T09:37:00Z XJamRastafire Preusmeritev #REDIRECT [[Zores Ivanovic Alferov]] 2623 2002-06-03T11:18:58Z XJamRastafire * Znani Fiziki 57 135 2002-05-24T01:30:01Z ce7-5i.dial-up.arnes.si Prva 2 (najvecji svetovni in najvecji slovenski) Nekaj najbolj znanih svetovnih fizikov: [[Albert Einstein]] [[Jozef Stefan|Jožef Stefan]] 136 2002-05-24T01:34:45Z ce7-5i.dial-up.arnes.si prvi 3 (najvecji svetovni in najvecji slovenski, lanskoletni nobelovec) Nekaj najbolj znanih svetovnih fizikov: *[[Zores I. Alferov|Žores Ivanoviè Alferov (Жорес Иванович Алфёров)]] *[[Albert Einstein]] *[[Jozef Stefan|Jožef Stefan]] 137 2002-05-29T15:15:41Z XJamRastafire +JS Bell Nekaj najbolj znanih svetovnih fizikov: *[[Zores I. Alferov|Žores Ivanoviè Alferov (Жорес Иванович Алфёров)]], ([[Rusija]], [[1930]]-) *[[John Stewart Bell]],([[Velika Britanija]], [[Severna Irska]] [[1928]]-[[1990]]) *[[Albert Einstein]], ([[Švica]], [[ZDA]] [[1879]]-[[1955]]) *[[Jozef Stefan|Jožef Stefan]], ([[Avstro-Ogrska]], [[Slovenija]], [[1835]]-[[1893]]) 138 2002-05-30T01:01:56Z ar10-214i.dial-up.arnes.si NN Bogoljubov Nekaj najbolj znanih svetovnih fizikov: *[[Zores I. Alferov|Žores Ivanoviè Alferov (Жорес Иванович Алфёров)]], ([[Rusija]], [[1930]]-) *[[John Stewart Bell]],([[Velika Britanija]], [[Severna Irska]], [[1928]]-[[1990]]) *[[Nikolaj Nikolajevic Bogoljubov|Nikolaj Nikolajevič Bogoljubov (Николай Николаевич Боголюбов)]], ([[Rusija]], [[1909]]-[[1992]]) *[[Albert Einstein]], ([[Svica|Švica]], [[ZDA]] [[1879]]-[[1955]]) *[[Jozef Stefan|Jožef Stefan]], ([[Avstro-Ogrska]], [[Slovenija]], [[1835]]-[[1893]]) 2624 2002-06-03T13:13:08Z XJamRastafire * HomePage 60 2627 2004-01-25T14:35:53Z Brion VIBBER 1 moved to "Main_Page" #REDIRECT [[Main_Page]] MediaWiki:Categories 61 sysop 268 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Categories 1017 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Categories 1750 2004-12-23T05:41:01Z MediaWiki default Categories 2628 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Categories 5774 2006-07-01T19:07:50Z MediaWiki default {{PLURAL:$1|Category|Categories}} MediaWiki:Category 62 sysop 269 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default category 1018 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default category 1752 2004-12-23T05:41:01Z MediaWiki default category 2629 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default category MediaWiki:Category header 63 sysop 270 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Articles in category "$1" 1019 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Articles in category "$1" 1753 2004-12-23T05:41:01Z MediaWiki default Articles in category "$1" 2630 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Articles in category "$1" MediaWiki:Subcategories 64 sysop 748 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Subcategories 1491 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Subcategories 2360 2004-12-23T05:42:03Z MediaWiki default Subcategories 2631 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Subcategories MediaWiki:Linktrail 65 sysop 443 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default /^([a-z]+)(.*)$/sD 1189 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default /^([a-z]+)(.*)$/sD 1960 2004-12-23T05:41:22Z MediaWiki default /^([a-z]+)(.*)$/sD 2632 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default /^([a-z]+)(.*)$/sD MediaWiki:Mainpage 66 sysop 476 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Main Page 1222 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Main Page 1996 2004-12-23T05:41:27Z MediaWiki default Main Page 2633 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Main Page MediaWiki:Mainpagetext 67 sysop 478 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Wiki software successfully installed. 1224 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Wiki software successfully installed. 1998 2004-12-23T05:41:27Z MediaWiki default Wiki software successfully installed. 2634 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Wiki software successfully installed. 4894 2006-02-26T02:05:31Z MediaWiki default '''MediaWiki has been successfully installed.''' 4987 2006-03-28T06:33:44Z MediaWiki default <big>'''MediaWiki has been successfully installed.'''</big> MediaWiki:About 68 sysop 159 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default About 944 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default About 1656 2004-12-23T05:40:39Z MediaWiki default About 2635 2005-06-25T11:23:01Z MediaWiki default About MediaWiki:Aboutwikipedia 69 sysop 161 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default About MediaWiki 2636 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default About Wikipedia MediaWiki:Aboutpage 70 sysop 160 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia:About 945 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia:About 1657 2004-12-23T05:40:39Z MediaWiki default Project:About 2637 2005-06-25T11:23:01Z MediaWiki default Project:About MediaWiki:Help 71 sysop 384 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Help 1130 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Help 1890 2004-12-23T05:41:14Z MediaWiki default Help 2638 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Help MediaWiki:Helppage 72 sysop 385 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Help:Contents 1131 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Help:Contents 1891 2004-12-23T05:41:14Z MediaWiki default Help:Contents 2639 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Help:Contents MediaWiki:Wikititlesuffix 73 sysop 905 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default MediaWiki 1608 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia 2552 2004-12-23T05:42:28Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} 2640 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} MediaWiki:Bugreports 74 sysop 255 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Bug reports 1004 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Bug reports 1737 2004-12-23T05:41:00Z MediaWiki default Bug reports 2641 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Bug reports MediaWiki:Bugreportspage 75 sysop 256 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia:Bug_reports 1005 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia:Bug_reports 1738 2004-12-23T05:41:00Z MediaWiki default Project:Bug_reports 2642 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Project:Bug_reports MediaWiki:Sitesupport 76 sysop 735 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Donations 1478 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Donations 2341 2004-12-23T05:42:01Z MediaWiki default - 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MediaWiki default Page history 1896 2004-12-23T05:41:14Z MediaWiki default Page history 2669 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Page history MediaWiki:Printableversion 103 sysop 628 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Printable version 1374 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Printable version 2186 2004-12-23T05:41:46Z MediaWiki default Printable version 2670 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Printable version MediaWiki:Editthispage 104 sysop 339 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Edit this page 1086 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Edit this page 1838 2004-12-23T05:41:07Z MediaWiki default Edit this page 2671 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Edit this page MediaWiki:Deletethispage 105 sysop 314 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Delete this page 1062 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Delete this page 1811 2004-12-23T05:41:04Z MediaWiki default Delete this page 2672 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Delete this page MediaWiki:Protectthispage 106 sysop 641 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Protect this page 1387 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Protect this page 2200 2004-12-23T05:41:48Z MediaWiki default Protect this page 2673 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Protect this page MediaWiki:Unprotectthispage 107 sysop 844 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Unprotect this page 1548 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Unprotect this page 2448 2004-12-23T05:42:18Z MediaWiki default Unprotect this page 2674 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Unprotect this page MediaWiki:Newpage 108 sysop 537 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default New page 1283 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default New page 2075 2004-12-23T05:41:33Z MediaWiki default New page 2675 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default New page MediaWiki:Talkpage 109 sysop 759 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Discuss this page 1501 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Discuss this page 2374 2004-12-23T05:42:07Z MediaWiki default Discuss this page 2676 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Discuss this page MediaWiki:Postcomment 110 sysop 611 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Post a comment 1357 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Post a comment 2167 2004-12-23T05:41:43Z MediaWiki default Post a comment 2677 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Post a comment MediaWiki:Articlepage 111 sysop 224 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default View article 973 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default View content page 1701 2004-12-23T05:40:50Z MediaWiki default View content page 2678 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default View content page MediaWiki:Subjectpage 112 sysop 750 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default View subject 1493 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default View subject 2364 2004-12-23T05:42:05Z MediaWiki default View subject 2679 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default View subject MediaWiki:Userpage 113 sysop 874 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default View user page 1577 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default View user page 2492 2004-12-23T05:42:24Z MediaWiki default View user page 2680 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default View user page MediaWiki:Wikipediapage 114 sysop 904 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default View meta page 1607 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default View project page 2551 2004-12-23T05:42:27Z MediaWiki default View project page 2681 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default View project page MediaWiki:Imagepage 115 sysop 402 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default View image page 1148 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default View image page 1911 2004-12-23T05:41:15Z MediaWiki default View image page 2682 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default View image page MediaWiki:Viewtalkpage 116 sysop 881 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default View discussion 1584 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default View discussion 2527 2004-12-23T05:42:25Z MediaWiki default View discussion 2683 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default View discussion MediaWiki:Otherlanguages 117 sysop 597 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Other languages 1343 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Other languages 2152 2004-12-23T05:41:41Z MediaWiki default Other languages 2684 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Other languages 4208 2005-07-29T11:09:17Z MediaWiki default In other languages MediaWiki:Redirectedfrom 118 sysop 672 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default (Redirected from $1) 1418 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default (Redirected from $1) 2237 2004-12-23T05:41:53Z MediaWiki default (Redirected from $1) 2685 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default (Redirected from $1) MediaWiki:Lastmodified 119 sysop 435 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default This page was last modified $1. 1181 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default This page was last modified $1. 1952 2004-12-23T05:41:19Z MediaWiki default This page was last modified $1. 2686 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default This page was last modified $1. MediaWiki:Viewcount 120 sysop 878 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default This page has been accessed $1 times. 1581 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default This page has been accessed $1 times. 2524 2004-12-23T05:42:24Z MediaWiki default This page has been accessed $1 times. 2687 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default This page has been accessed $1 times. 5911 2006-07-01T19:07:52Z MediaWiki default This page has been accessed {{plural:$1|one time|$1 times}}. Template:Gnunote 121 sysop 2688 2004-01-29T14:06:54Z MediaWiki default All text is available under the terms of the <a class=internal href='/wiki/GNU_FDL'>GNU Free Documentation License</a>. MediaWiki:Printsubtitle 122 sysop 629 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default (From http://si.wikipedia.org) 1375 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default (From http://si.wikipedia.org) 2187 2004-12-23T05:41:46Z MediaWiki default (From {{SERVER}}) 2689 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default (From {{SERVER}}) MediaWiki:Protectedpage 123 sysop 633 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Protected page 1379 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Protected page 2191 2004-12-23T05:41:47Z MediaWiki default Protected page 2690 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Protected page MediaWiki:Administrators 124 sysop 208 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia:Administrators 957 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia:Administrators 1672 2004-12-23T05:40:46Z MediaWiki default Project:Administrators 2691 2005-06-25T11:23:01Z MediaWiki default Project:Administrators 5760 2006-07-01T19:07:50Z MediaWiki default {{ns:project}}:Administrators MediaWiki:Sysoptitle 125 sysop 755 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Sysop access required 1497 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Sysop access required 2369 2004-12-23T05:42:06Z MediaWiki default Sysop access required 2692 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Sysop access required MediaWiki:Sysoptext 126 sysop 754 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default The action you have requested can only be performed by users with "sysop" status. See $1. 1496 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default The action you have requested can only be performed by users with "sysop" status. See $1. 2368 2004-12-23T05:42:06Z MediaWiki default The action you have requested can only be performed by users with "sysop" status. See $1. 2693 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default The action you have requested can only be performed by users with "sysop" status. See $1. 4223 2005-07-29T11:09:18Z MediaWiki default The action you have requested can only be performed by users with "sysop" capability. See $1. MediaWiki:Developertitle 127 sysop 320 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Developer access required 1067 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Developer access required 1816 2004-12-23T05:41:06Z MediaWiki default Developer access required 2694 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Developer access required MediaWiki:Developertext 128 sysop 319 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default The action you have requested can only be performed by users with "developer" status. See $1. 1066 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default The action you have requested can only be performed by users with "developer" status. See $1. 1815 2004-12-23T05:41:05Z MediaWiki default The action you have requested can only be performed by users with "developer" status. See $1. 2695 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default The action you have requested can only be performed by users with "developer" status. See $1. 4182 2005-07-29T11:09:15Z MediaWiki default The action you have requested can only be performed by users with "developer" capability. See $1. MediaWiki:Nbytes 129 sysop 531 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default $1 bytes 1277 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default $1 bytes 2067 2004-12-23T05:41:33Z MediaWiki default $1 bytes 2696 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default $1 bytes 5837 2006-07-01T19:07:51Z MediaWiki default $1 {{PLURAL:$1|byte|bytes}} MediaWiki:Ok 130 sysop 592 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default OK 1338 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default OK 2147 2004-12-23T05:41:41Z MediaWiki default OK 2697 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default OK MediaWiki:Sitetitle 131 sysop 736 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default MediaWiki 1479 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia 2343 2004-12-23T05:42:01Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} 2698 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} MediaWiki:Sitesubtitle 132 sysop 734 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default The Free Encyclopedia 1477 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default The Free Encyclopedia 2340 2004-12-23T05:42:01Z MediaWiki default The Free Encyclopedia 2699 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default The Free Encyclopedia 4744 2005-12-22T07:39:47Z MediaWiki default MediaWiki:Retrievedfrom 133 sysop 681 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Retrieved from "$1" 1427 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Retrieved from "$1" 2246 2004-12-23T05:41:55Z MediaWiki default Retrieved from "$1" 2700 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Retrieved from "$1" MediaWiki:Newmessages 134 sysop 535 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default You have $1. 1281 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default You have $1. 2073 2004-12-23T05:41:33Z MediaWiki default You have $1. 2701 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default You have $1. MediaWiki:Newmessageslink 135 sysop 536 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default new messages 1282 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default new messages 2074 2004-12-23T05:41:33Z MediaWiki default new messages 2702 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default new messages MediaWiki:Editsection 136 sysop 338 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default edit 1085 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default edit 1837 2004-12-23T05:41:07Z MediaWiki default edit 2703 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default edit MediaWiki:Toc 137 sysop 770 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Table of contents 1512 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Table of contents 2388 2004-12-23T05:42:10Z MediaWiki default Table of contents 2704 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Table of contents 4224 2005-07-29T11:09:18Z MediaWiki default Contents MediaWiki:Showtoc 138 sysop 730 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default show 1473 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default show 2301 2004-12-23T05:42:00Z MediaWiki default show 2705 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default show MediaWiki:Hidetoc 139 sysop 387 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default hide 1133 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default hide 1893 2004-12-23T05:41:14Z MediaWiki default hide 2706 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default hide MediaWiki:Thisisdeleted 140 sysop 765 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default View or restore $1? 1507 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default View or restore $1? 2381 2004-12-23T05:42:09Z MediaWiki default View or restore $1? 2707 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default View or restore $1? MediaWiki:Restorelink 141 sysop 679 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default $1 deleted edits 1425 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default $1 deleted edits 2244 2004-12-23T05:41:55Z MediaWiki default $1 deleted edits 2708 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default $1 deleted edits 5875 2006-07-01T19:07:52Z MediaWiki default {{PLURAL:$1|one deleted edit|$1 deleted edits}} MediaWiki:Nosuchaction 142 sysop 566 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default No such action 1312 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default No such action 2111 2004-12-23T05:41:39Z MediaWiki default No such action 2709 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default No such action MediaWiki:Nosuchactiontext 143 sysop 567 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default The action specified by the URL is not recognized by the wiki 1313 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default The action specified by the URL is not recognized by the wiki 2112 2004-12-23T05:41:39Z MediaWiki default The action specified by the URL is not recognized by the wiki 2710 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default The action specified by the URL is not recognized by the wiki MediaWiki:Nosuchspecialpage 144 sysop 568 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default No such special page 1314 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default No such special page 2113 2004-12-23T05:41:39Z MediaWiki default No such special page 2711 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default No such special page MediaWiki:Nospecialpagetext 145 sysop 565 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default You have requested a special page that is not recognized by the wiki. 1311 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default You have requested a special page that is not recognized by the wiki. 2110 2004-12-23T05:41:38Z MediaWiki default You have requested a special page that is not recognized by the wiki. 2712 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default You have requested a special page that is not recognized by the wiki. 4033 2005-07-03T13:47:13Z MediaWiki default You have requested an invalid special page, a list of valid special pages may be found at [[{{ns:special}}:Specialpages]]. MediaWiki:Error 146 sysop 353 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Error 1100 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Error 1854 2004-12-23T05:41:08Z MediaWiki default Error 2713 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Error MediaWiki:Databaseerror 147 sysop 299 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Database error 1047 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Database error 1790 2004-12-23T05:41:03Z MediaWiki default Database error 2714 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Database error MediaWiki:Dberrortext 148 sysop 301 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default A database query syntax error has occurred. This could be because of an illegal search query (see $5), or it may indicate a bug in the software. The last attempted database query was: <blockquote><tt>$1</tt></blockquote> from within function "<tt>$2</tt>". MySQL returned error "<tt>$3: $4</tt>". 1049 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default A database query syntax error has occurred. This could be because of an illegal search query (see $5), or it may indicate a bug in the software. The last attempted database query was: <blockquote><tt>$1</tt></blockquote> from within function "<tt>$2</tt>". MySQL returned error "<tt>$3: $4</tt>". 1792 2004-12-23T05:41:03Z MediaWiki default A database query syntax error has occurred. This may indicate a bug in the software. The last attempted database query was: <blockquote><tt>$1</tt></blockquote> from within function "<tt>$2</tt>". MySQL returned error "<tt>$3: $4</tt>". 2715 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default A database query syntax error has occurred. This may indicate a bug in the software. The last attempted database query was: <blockquote><tt>$1</tt></blockquote> from within function "<tt>$2</tt>". MySQL returned error "<tt>$3: $4</tt>". MediaWiki:Dberrortextcl 149 sysop 302 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default A database query syntax error has occurred. The last attempted database query was: "$1" from within function "$2". MySQL returned error "$3: $4". 1050 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default A database query syntax error has occurred. The last attempted database query was: "$1" from within function "$2". MySQL returned error "$3: $4". 1793 2004-12-23T05:41:03Z MediaWiki default A database query syntax error has occurred. The last attempted database query was: "$1" from within function "$2". MySQL returned error "$3: $4". 2716 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default A database query syntax error has occurred. The last attempted database query was: "$1" from within function "$2". MySQL returned error "$3: $4". 4287 2005-09-05T09:54:31Z MediaWiki default A database query syntax error has occurred. The last attempted database query was: "$1" from within function "$2". MySQL returned error "$3: $4" 4517 2005-11-09T23:10:57Z MediaWiki default A database query syntax error has occurred. The last attempted database query was: "$1" from within function "$2". MySQL returned error "$3: $4" 4604 2005-11-29T21:33:22Z MediaWiki default A database query syntax error has occurred. The last attempted database query was: "$1" from within function "$2". MySQL returned error "$3: $4" 4639 2005-12-02T02:44:07Z MediaWiki default A database query syntax error has occurred. The last attempted database query was: "$1" from within function "$2". MySQL returned error "$3: $4" 4685 2005-12-02T04:16:54Z MediaWiki default A database query syntax error has occurred. The last attempted database query was: "$1" from within function "$2". MySQL returned error "$3: $4" MediaWiki:Noconnect 150 sysop 549 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Sorry! The wiki is experiencing some technical difficulties, and cannot contact the database server. 1295 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Sorry! The wiki is experiencing some technical difficulties, and cannot contact the database server. 2091 2004-12-23T05:41:36Z MediaWiki default Sorry! The wiki is experiencing some technical difficulties, and cannot contact the database server. $1 2717 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Sorry! The wiki is experiencing some technical difficulties, and cannot contact the database server. $1 MediaWiki:Nodb 151 sysop 554 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Could not select database $1 1300 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Could not select database $1 2097 2004-12-23T05:41:37Z MediaWiki default Could not select database $1 2718 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Could not select database $1 MediaWiki:Cachederror 152 sysop 264 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default The following is a cached copy of the requested page, and may not be up to date. 1013 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default The following is a cached copy of the requested page, and may not be up to date. 1746 2004-12-23T05:41:01Z MediaWiki default The following is a cached copy of the requested page, and may not be up to date. 2719 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default The following is a cached copy of the requested page, and may not be up to date. MediaWiki:Readonly 153 sysop 665 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Database locked 1411 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Database locked 2229 2004-12-23T05:41:53Z MediaWiki default Database locked 2720 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Database locked MediaWiki:Enterlockreason 154 sysop 352 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Enter a reason for the lock, including an estimate of when the lock will be released 1099 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Enter a reason for the lock, including an estimate of when the lock will be released 1853 2004-12-23T05:41:08Z MediaWiki default Enter a reason for the lock, including an estimate of when the lock will be released 2721 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Enter a reason for the lock, including an estimate of when the lock will be released MediaWiki:Readonlytext 155 sysop 666 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default The database is currently locked to new entries and other modifications, probably for routine database maintenance, after which it will be back to normal. The administrator who locked it offered this explanation: $1 1412 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default The database is currently locked to new entries and other modifications, probably for routine database maintenance, after which it will be back to normal. The administrator who locked it offered this explanation: $1 2230 2004-12-23T05:41:53Z MediaWiki default The database is currently locked to new entries and other modifications, probably for routine database maintenance, after which it will be back to normal. The administrator who locked it offered this explanation: $1 2722 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default The database is currently locked to new entries and other modifications, probably for routine database maintenance, after which it will be back to normal. The administrator who locked it offered this explanation: $1 4049 2005-07-03T13:47:14Z MediaWiki default The database is currently locked to new entries and other modifications, probably for routine database maintenance, after which it will be back to normal. The administrator who locked it offered this explanation: $1 4307 2005-09-05T09:54:33Z MediaWiki default The database is currently locked to new entries and other modifications, probably for routine database maintenance, after which it will be back to normal. The administrator who locked it offered this explanation: $1 MediaWiki:Missingarticle 156 sysop 510 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default The database did not find the text of a page that it should have found, named "$1". This is usually caused by following an outdated diff or history link to a page that has been deleted. If this is not the case, you may have found a bug in the software. Please report this to an administrator, making note of the URL. 1256 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default The database did not find the text of a page that it should have found, named "$1". This is usually caused by following an outdated diff or history link to a page that has been deleted. If this is not the case, you may have found a bug in the software. Please report this to an administrator, making note of the URL. 2039 2004-12-23T05:41:31Z MediaWiki default The database did not find the text of a page that it should have found, named "$1". This is usually caused by following an outdated diff or history link to a page that has been deleted. If this is not the case, you may have found a bug in the software. Please report this to an administrator, making note of the URL. 2723 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default The database did not find the text of a page that it should have found, named "$1". This is usually caused by following an outdated diff or history link to a page that has been deleted. If this is not the case, you may have found a bug in the software. Please report this to an administrator, making note of the URL. 4021 2005-07-03T13:47:13Z MediaWiki default The database did not find the text of a page that it should have found, named "$1". This is usually caused by following an outdated diff or history link to a page that has been deleted. If this is not the case, you may have found a bug in the software. Please report this to an administrator, making note of the URL. 4298 2005-09-05T09:54:33Z MediaWiki default The database did not find the text of a page that it should have found, named "$1". This is usually caused by following an outdated diff or history link to a page that has been deleted. If this is not the case, you may have found a bug in the software. Please report this to an administrator, making note of the URL. MediaWiki:Internalerror 157 sysop 417 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Internal error 1163 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Internal error 1928 2004-12-23T05:41:16Z MediaWiki default Internal error 2724 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Internal error MediaWiki:Filecopyerror 158 sysop 367 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Could not copy file "$1" to "$2". 1114 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Could not copy file "$1" to "$2". 1870 2004-12-23T05:41:10Z MediaWiki default Could not copy file "$1" to "$2". 2725 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Could not copy file "$1" to "$2". MediaWiki:Filerenameerror 159 sysop 372 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Could not rename file "$1" to "$2". 1119 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Could not rename file "$1" to "$2". 1877 2004-12-23T05:41:12Z MediaWiki default Could not rename file "$1" to "$2". 2726 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Could not rename file "$1" to "$2". MediaWiki:Filedeleteerror 160 sysop 368 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Could not delete file "$1". 1115 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Could not delete file "$1". 1871 2004-12-23T05:41:10Z MediaWiki default Could not delete file "$1". 2727 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Could not delete file "$1". MediaWiki:Filenotfound 161 sysop 371 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Could not find file "$1". 1118 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Could not find file "$1". 1876 2004-12-23T05:41:10Z MediaWiki default Could not find file "$1". 2728 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Could not find file "$1". MediaWiki:Unexpected 162 sysop 833 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Unexpected value: "$1"="$2". 1537 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Unexpected value: "$1"="$2". 2437 2004-12-23T05:42:18Z MediaWiki default Unexpected value: "$1"="$2". 2729 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Unexpected value: "$1"="$2". MediaWiki:Formerror 163 sysop 376 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Error: could not submit form 1123 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Error: could not submit form 1881 2004-12-23T05:41:12Z MediaWiki default Error: could not submit form 2730 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Error: could not submit form MediaWiki:Badarticleerror 164 sysop 228 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default This action cannot be performed on this page. 977 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default This action cannot be performed on this page. 1708 2004-12-23T05:40:53Z MediaWiki default This action cannot be performed on this page. 2731 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default This action cannot be performed on this page. MediaWiki:Cannotdelete 165 sysop 266 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Could not delete the page or image specified. (It may have already been deleted by someone else.) 1015 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Could not delete the page or image specified. (It may have already been deleted by someone else.) 1748 2004-12-23T05:41:01Z MediaWiki default Could not delete the page or image specified. (It may have already been deleted by someone else.) 2732 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Could not delete the page or image specified. (It may have already been deleted by someone else.) 3682 2005-07-03T13:47:10Z MediaWiki default Could not delete the page or file specified. (It may have already been deleted by someone else.) MediaWiki:Badtitle 166 sysop 235 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Bad title 984 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Bad title 1715 2004-12-23T05:40:53Z MediaWiki default Bad title 2733 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Bad title MediaWiki:Badtitletext 167 sysop 236 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default The requested page title was invalid, empty, or an incorrectly linked inter-language or inter-wiki title. 985 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default The requested page title was invalid, empty, or an incorrectly linked inter-language or inter-wiki title. 1716 2004-12-23T05:40:53Z MediaWiki default The requested page title was invalid, empty, or an incorrectly linked inter-language or inter-wiki title. 2734 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default The requested page title was invalid, empty, or an incorrectly linked inter-language or inter-wiki title. 4284 2005-09-05T09:54:31Z MediaWiki default The requested page title was invalid, empty, or an incorrectly linked inter-language or inter-wiki title. 4881 2006-02-26T02:05:30Z MediaWiki default The requested page title was invalid, empty, or an incorrectly linked inter-language or inter-wiki title. It may contain one more characters which cannot be used in titles. MediaWiki:Perfdisabled 168 sysop 605 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Sorry! This feature has been temporarily disabled because it slows the database down to the point that no one can use the wiki. 1351 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Sorry! This feature has been temporarily disabled because it slows the database down to the point that no one can use the wiki. 2161 2004-12-23T05:41:42Z MediaWiki default Sorry! This feature has been temporarily disabled because it slows the database down to the point that no one can use the wiki. 2735 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Sorry! This feature has been temporarily disabled because it slows the database down to the point that no one can use the wiki. 4303 2005-09-05T09:54:33Z MediaWiki default Sorry! This feature has been temporarily disabled because it slows the database down to the point that no one can use the wiki. MediaWiki:Perfdisabledsub 169 sysop 606 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Here's a saved copy from $1: 1352 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Here's a saved copy from $1: 2162 2004-12-23T05:41:42Z MediaWiki default Here's a saved copy from $1: 2736 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Here's a saved copy from $1: 4304 2005-09-05T09:54:33Z MediaWiki default Here is a saved copy from $1: MediaWiki:Wrong wfQuery params 170 sysop 909 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Incorrect parameters to wfQuery() Function: $1 Query: $2 1612 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Incorrect parameters to wfQuery() Function: $1 Query: $2 2556 2004-12-23T05:42:29Z MediaWiki default Incorrect parameters to wfQuery() Function: $1 Query: $2 2737 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Incorrect parameters to wfQuery() Function: $1 Query: $2 4329 2005-09-05T09:54:35Z MediaWiki default Incorrect parameters to wfQuery() Function: $1 Query: $2 MediaWiki:Viewsource 171 sysop 880 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default View source 1583 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default View source 2526 2004-12-23T05:42:24Z MediaWiki default View source 2738 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default View source MediaWiki:Protectedtext 172 sysop 635 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default This page has been locked to prevent editing; there are a number of reasons why this may be so, please see [[Wikipedia:Protected page]]. You can view and copy the source of this page: 1381 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default This page has been locked to prevent editing; there are a number of reasons why this may be so, please see [[Wikipedia:Protected page]]. You can view and copy the source of this page: 2193 2004-12-23T05:41:47Z MediaWiki default This page has been locked to prevent editing; there are a number of reasons why this may be so, please see [[Project:Protected page]]. You can view and copy the source of this page: 2739 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default This page has been locked to prevent editing; there are a number of reasons why this may be so, please see [[Project:Protected page]]. You can view and copy the source of this page: 5863 2006-07-01T19:07:51Z MediaWiki default This page has been locked to prevent editing. You can view and copy the source of this page: MediaWiki:Logouttitle 173 sysop 468 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default User logout 1214 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default User logout 1988 2004-12-23T05:41:27Z MediaWiki default User logout 2740 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default User logout MediaWiki:Logouttext 174 sysop 467 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default You are now logged out. You can continue to use MediaWiki anonymously, or you can log in again as the same or as a different user. Note that some pages may continue to be displayed as if you were still logged in, until you clear your browser cache 1213 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default You are now logged out. You can continue to use Wikipedia anonymously, or you can log in again as the same or as a different user. Note that some pages may continue to be displayed as if you were still logged in, until you clear your browser cache 1987 2004-12-23T05:41:27Z MediaWiki default You are now logged out. You can continue to use {{SITENAME}} anonymously, or you can log in again as the same or as a different user. Note that some pages may continue to be displayed as if you were still logged in, until you clear your browser cache 2741 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default You are now logged out. You can continue to use {{SITENAME}} anonymously, or you can log in again as the same or as a different user. Note that some pages may continue to be displayed as if you were still logged in, until you clear your browser cache 4011 2005-07-03T13:47:13Z MediaWiki default You are now logged out. You can continue to use {{SITENAME}} anonymously, or you can log in again as the same or as a different user. Note that some pages may continue to be displayed as if you were still logged in, until you clear your browser cache. 4200 2005-07-29T11:09:17Z MediaWiki default You are now logged out. You can continue to use {{SITENAME}} anonymously, or you can log in again as the same or as a different user. Note that some pages may continue to be displayed as if you were still logged in, until you clear your browser cache. 4264 2005-08-19T23:37:32Z MediaWiki default You are now logged out. You can continue to use {{SITENAME}} anonymously, or you can log in again as the same or as a different user. Note that some pages may continue to be displayed as if you were still logged in, until you clear your browser cache. 4296 2005-09-05T09:54:33Z MediaWiki default You are now logged out. You can continue to use {{SITENAME}} anonymously, or you can log in again as the same or as a different user. Note that some pages may continue to be displayed as if you were still logged in, until you clear your browser cache. 4530 2005-11-09T23:10:58Z MediaWiki default You are now logged out. You can continue to use {{SITENAME}} anonymously, or you can log in again as the same or as a different user. Note that some pages may continue to be displayed as if you were still logged in, until you clear your browser cache. 4609 2005-11-29T21:33:23Z MediaWiki default You are now logged out. You can continue to use {{SITENAME}} anonymously, or you can log in again as the same or as a different user. Note that some pages may continue to be displayed as if you were still logged in, until you clear your browser cache. 4651 2005-12-02T02:44:08Z MediaWiki default You are now logged out. You can continue to use {{SITENAME}} anonymously, or you can log in again as the same or as a different user. Note that some pages may continue to be displayed as if you were still logged in, until you clear your browser cache. 4688 2005-12-02T04:16:55Z MediaWiki default You are now logged out. You can continue to use {{SITENAME}} anonymously, or you can log in again as the same or as a different user. Note that some pages may continue to be displayed as if you were still logged in, until you clear your browser cache. MediaWiki:Welcomecreation 175 sysop 896 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default <h2>Welcome, $1!</h2>Your account has been created. Don't forget to change your MediaWiki preferences. 1599 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default <h2>Welcome, $1!</h2>Your account has been created. Don't forget to change your Wikipedia preferences. 2543 2004-12-23T05:42:27Z MediaWiki default == Welcome, $1! == Your account has been created. Don't forget to change your {{SITENAME}} preferences. 2742 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default == Welcome, $1! == Your account has been created. Don't forget to change your {{SITENAME}} preferences. MediaWiki:Loginpagetitle 176 sysop 459 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default User login 1205 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default User login 1979 2004-12-23T05:41:25Z MediaWiki default User login 2743 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default User login MediaWiki:Yourname 177 sysop 913 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Your user name 1616 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Your user name 2561 2004-12-23T05:42:30Z MediaWiki default Your user name 2744 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Your user name 4159 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default User name 4247 2005-07-29T11:09:19Z MediaWiki default Username MediaWiki:Yourpassword 178 sysop 915 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Your password 1618 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Your password 2563 2004-12-23T05:42:30Z MediaWiki default Your password 2745 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Your password 4161 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default Password MediaWiki:Yourpasswordagain 179 sysop 916 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Retype password 1619 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Retype password 2564 2004-12-23T05:42:30Z MediaWiki default Retype password 2746 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Retype password MediaWiki:Newusersonly 180 sysop 542 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default (new users only) 1288 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default (new users only) 2080 2004-12-23T05:41:35Z MediaWiki default (new users only) 2747 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default (new users only) MediaWiki:Remembermypassword 181 sysop 673 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Remember my password across sessions. 1419 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Remember my password across sessions. 2238 2004-12-23T05:41:53Z MediaWiki default Remember my password across sessions. 2748 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Remember my password across sessions. 4213 2005-07-29T11:09:18Z MediaWiki default Remember me MediaWiki:Loginproblem 182 sysop 460 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default There has been a problem with your login. Try again! 1206 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default There has been a problem with your login. Try again! 1980 2004-12-23T05:41:25Z MediaWiki default There has been a problem with your login. Try again! 2749 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default There has been a problem with your login. Try again! MediaWiki:Alreadyloggedin 183 sysop 215 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default User $1, you are already logged in! 964 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default User $1, you are already logged in! 1689 2004-12-23T05:40:48Z MediaWiki default User $1, you are already logged in! 2750 2005-06-25T11:23:01Z MediaWiki default User $1, you are already logged in! 4255 2005-08-19T23:37:30Z MediaWiki default User $1, you are already logged in! 4283 2005-09-05T09:54:31Z MediaWiki default User $1, you are already logged in! 4507 2005-11-09T23:10:56Z MediaWiki default User $1, you are already logged in! 4601 2005-11-29T21:33:21Z MediaWiki default User $1, you are already logged in! 4634 2005-12-02T02:44:07Z MediaWiki default User $1, you are already logged in! 4682 2005-12-02T04:16:54Z MediaWiki default User $1, you are already logged in! MediaWiki:Login 184 sysop 456 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Log in 1202 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Log in 1976 2004-12-23T05:41:24Z MediaWiki default Log in 2751 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Log in MediaWiki:Loginprompt 185 sysop 461 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default You must have cookies enabled to log in to MediaWiki. 1207 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default You must have cookies enabled to log in to Wikipedia. 1981 2004-12-23T05:41:26Z MediaWiki default You must have cookies enabled to log in to {{SITENAME}}. 2752 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default You must have cookies enabled to log in to {{SITENAME}}. MediaWiki:Userlogin 186 sysop 871 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Log in 1574 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Log in 2489 2004-12-23T05:42:23Z MediaWiki default Create an account or log in 2753 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Create an account or log in 4673 2005-12-02T02:44:10Z MediaWiki default Log in / create account MediaWiki:Logout 187 sysop 466 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Log out 1212 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Log out 1986 2004-12-23T05:41:27Z MediaWiki default Log out 2754 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Log out MediaWiki:Userlogout 188 sysop 872 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Log out 1575 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Log out 2490 2004-12-23T05:42:23Z MediaWiki default Log out 2755 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Log out MediaWiki:Notloggedin 189 sysop 577 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Not logged in 1323 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Not logged in 2123 2004-12-23T05:41:39Z MediaWiki default Not logged in 2756 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Not logged in MediaWiki:Createaccount 190 sysop 294 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Create new account 1042 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Create new account 1780 2004-12-23T05:41:02Z MediaWiki default Create new account 2757 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Create new account 4637 2005-12-02T02:44:07Z MediaWiki default Create account MediaWiki:Createaccountmail 191 sysop 295 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default by email 1043 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default by email 1781 2004-12-23T05:41:02Z MediaWiki default by email 2758 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default by email 4638 2005-12-02T02:44:07Z MediaWiki default by e-mail MediaWiki:Badretype 192 sysop 234 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default The passwords you entered do not match. 983 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default The passwords you entered do not match. 1714 2004-12-23T05:40:53Z MediaWiki default The passwords you entered do not match. 2759 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default The passwords you entered do not match. MediaWiki:Userexists 193 sysop 869 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default The user name you entered is already in use. Please choose a different name. 1572 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default The user name you entered is already in use. Please choose a different name. 2474 2004-12-23T05:42:22Z MediaWiki default The user name you entered is already in use. Please choose a different name. 2760 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default The user name you entered is already in use. Please choose a different name. 4672 2005-12-02T02:44:10Z MediaWiki default Username entered already in use. Please choose a different name. MediaWiki:Youremail 194 sysop 912 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Your email* 1615 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Your email* 2559 2004-12-23T05:42:30Z MediaWiki default Your email* 2761 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Your email* 4157 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default Email² 4246 2005-07-29T11:09:19Z MediaWiki default Email * 4680 2005-12-02T02:44:10Z MediaWiki default E-mail * MediaWiki:Yournick 195 sysop 914 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Your nickname (for signatures) 1617 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Your nickname (for signatures) 2562 2004-12-23T05:42:30Z MediaWiki default Your nickname (for signatures) 2762 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Your nickname (for signatures) 4160 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default Nickname 4579 2005-11-09T23:11:00Z MediaWiki default Nickname: MediaWiki:Emailforlost 196 sysop 341 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Fields marked with a star (*) are optional. Storing an email address enables people to contact you through the website without you having to reveal your email address to them, and it can be used to send you a new password if you forget it. Your real name, if you choose to provide it, will be used for giving you attribution for your work. 1088 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Fields marked with a star (*) are optional. Storing an email address enables people to contact you through the website without you having to reveal your email address to them, and it can be used to send you a new password if you forget it. Your real name, if you choose to provide it, will be used for giving you attribution for your work. 1841 2004-12-23T05:41:07Z MediaWiki default Fields marked with a star (*) are optional. Storing an email address enables people to contact you through the website without you having to reveal your email address to them, and it can be used to send you a new password if you forget it. Your real name, if you choose to provide it, will be used for giving you attribution for your work. 2763 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Fields marked with a star (*) are optional. Storing an email address enables people to contact you through the website without you having to reveal your email address to them, and it can be used to send you a new password if you forget it. Your real name, if you choose to provide it, will be used for giving you attribution for your work. 3715 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Fields marked with superscripts are optional. Storing an email address enables people to contact you through the website without you having to reveal your email address to them, and it can be used to send you a new password if you forget it. Your real name, if you choose to provide it, will be used for giving you attribution for your work. 4643 2005-12-02T02:44:07Z MediaWiki default <div style='width:30em'>* Optional. An e-mail lets others contact you on this site without revealing your address, and lets us send you a new password if you forget it. Your real name will be used to give you attribution for your work.</div> 4727 2005-12-22T07:39:45Z MediaWiki default <div style="width:30em">* Optional. An e-mail lets others contact you on this site without revealing your address, and lets us send you a new password if you forget it. Your real name will be used to give you attribution for your work.</div> MediaWiki:Loginerror 197 sysop 458 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Login error 1204 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Login error 1978 2004-12-23T05:41:25Z MediaWiki default Login error 2764 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Login error MediaWiki:Nocookiesnew 198 sysop 552 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default The user account was created, but you are not logged in. MediaWiki uses cookies to log in users. You have cookies disabled. Please enable them, then log in with your new username and password. 1298 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default The user account was created, but you are not logged in. Wikipedia uses cookies to log in users. You have cookies disabled. Please enable them, then log in with your new username and password. 2094 2004-12-23T05:41:36Z MediaWiki default The user account was created, but you are not logged in. {{SITENAME}} uses cookies to log in users. You have cookies disabled. Please enable them, then log in with your new username and password. 2765 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default The user account was created, but you are not logged in. {{SITENAME}} uses cookies to log in users. You have cookies disabled. Please enable them, then log in with your new username and password. MediaWiki:Nocookieslogin 199 sysop 551 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default MediaWiki uses cookies to log in users. You have cookies disabled. Please enable them and try again. 1297 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia uses cookies to log in users. You have cookies disabled. Please enable them and try again. 2093 2004-12-23T05:41:36Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} uses cookies to log in users. You have cookies disabled. Please enable them and try again. 2766 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} uses cookies to log in users. You have cookies disabled. Please enable them and try again. MediaWiki:Noname 200 sysop 563 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default You have not specified a valid user name. 1309 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default You have not specified a valid user name. 2107 2004-12-23T05:41:38Z MediaWiki default You have not specified a valid user name. 2767 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default You have not specified a valid user name. MediaWiki:Loginsuccesstitle 201 sysop 465 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Login successful 1211 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Login successful 1985 2004-12-23T05:41:27Z MediaWiki default Login successful 2768 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Login successful MediaWiki:Loginsuccess 202 sysop 464 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default You are now logged in to MediaWiki as "$1". 1210 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default You are now logged in to Wikipedia as "$1". 1984 2004-12-23T05:41:26Z MediaWiki default You are now logged in to {{SITENAME}} as "$1". 2769 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default You are now logged in to {{SITENAME}} as "$1". 4650 2005-12-02T02:44:08Z MediaWiki default '''You are now logged in to {{SITENAME}} as "$1".''' MediaWiki:Nosuchuser 203 sysop 569 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default There is no user by the name "$1". Check your spelling, or use the form below to create a new user account. 1315 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default There is no user by the name "$1". Check your spelling, or use the form below to create a new user account. 2114 2004-12-23T05:41:39Z MediaWiki default There is no user by the name "$1". Check your spelling, or use the form below to create a new user account. 2770 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default There is no user by the name "$1". Check your spelling, or use the form below to create a new user account. 4657 2005-12-02T02:44:09Z MediaWiki default There is no user by the name "$1". Check your spelling, or create a new account. MediaWiki:Wrongpassword 204 sysop 910 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default The password you entered is incorrect. Please try again. 1613 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default The password you entered is incorrect. Please try again. 2557 2004-12-23T05:42:29Z MediaWiki default The password you entered is incorrect. Please try again. 2771 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default The password you entered is incorrect. Please try again. 4155 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default The password you entered is incorrect (or missing). Please try again. 4678 2005-12-02T02:44:10Z MediaWiki default Incorrect password entered. Please try again. MediaWiki:Mailmypassword 205 sysop 473 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Mail me a new password 1219 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Mail me a new password 1993 2004-12-23T05:41:27Z MediaWiki default Mail me a new password 2772 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Mail me a new password 4652 2005-12-02T02:44:08Z MediaWiki default E-mail password MediaWiki:Passwordremindertitle 206 sysop 602 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Password reminder from MediaWiki 1348 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Password reminder from Wikipedia 2158 2004-12-23T05:41:42Z MediaWiki default Password reminder from {{SITENAME}} 2773 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Password reminder from {{SITENAME}} MediaWiki:Passwordremindertext 207 sysop 601 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Someone (probably you, from IP address $1) requested that we send you a new MediaWiki login password. The password for user "$2" is now "$3". You should log in and change your password now. 1347 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Someone (probably you, from IP address $1) requested that we send you a new Wikipedia login password. The password for user "$2" is now "$3". You should log in and change your password now. 2157 2004-12-23T05:41:42Z MediaWiki default Someone (probably you, from IP address $1) requested that we send you a new {{SITENAME}} login password. The password for user "$2" is now "$3". You should log in and change your password now. 2774 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Someone (probably you, from IP address $1) requested that we send you a new {{SITENAME}} login password. The password for user "$2" is now "$3". You should log in and change your password now. 4302 2005-09-05T09:54:33Z MediaWiki default Someone (probably you, from IP address $1) requested that we send you a new {{SITENAME}} login password for {{SERVERNAME}}. The password for user "$2" is now "$3". You should log in and change your password now. If someone else made this request or if you have remembered your password and you no longer wish to change it, you may ignore this message and continue using your old password. 5850 2006-07-01T19:07:51Z MediaWiki default Someone (probably you, from IP address $1) requested that we send you a new password for {{SITENAME}} ($4). The password for user "$2" is now "$3". You should log in and change your password now. If someone else made this request or if you have remembered your password and you no longer wish to change it, you may ignore this message and continue using your old password. MediaWiki:Noemail 208 sysop 556 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default There is no e-mail address recorded for user "$1". 1302 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default There is no e-mail address recorded for user "$1". 2099 2004-12-23T05:41:38Z MediaWiki default There is no e-mail address recorded for user "$1". 2775 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default There is no e-mail address recorded for user "$1". MediaWiki:Passwordsent 209 sysop 603 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default A new password has been sent to the e-mail address registered for "$1". Please log in again after you receive it. 1349 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default A new password has been sent to the e-mail address registered for "$1". Please log in again after you receive it. 2159 2004-12-23T05:41:42Z MediaWiki default A new password has been sent to the e-mail address registered for "$1". Please log in again after you receive it. 2776 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default A new password has been sent to the e-mail address registered for "$1". Please log in again after you receive it. MediaWiki:Loginend 210 sysop 457 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default   1203 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default   1977 2004-12-23T05:41:25Z MediaWiki default   2777 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default   4649 2005-12-02T02:44:08Z MediaWiki default MediaWiki:Bold sample 211 sysop 249 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Bold text 998 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Bold text 1731 2004-12-23T05:40:59Z MediaWiki default Bold text 2778 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Bold text MediaWiki:Bold tip 212 sysop 250 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Bold text 999 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Bold text 1732 2004-12-23T05:40:59Z MediaWiki default Bold text 2779 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Bold text MediaWiki:Italic sample 213 sysop 430 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Italic text 1176 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Italic text 1941 2004-12-23T05:41:18Z MediaWiki default Italic text 2780 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Italic text MediaWiki:Italic tip 214 sysop 431 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Italic text 1177 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Italic text 1942 2004-12-23T05:41:19Z MediaWiki default Italic text 2781 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Italic text MediaWiki:Link sample 215 sysop 438 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Link title 1184 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Link title 1955 2004-12-23T05:41:22Z MediaWiki default Link title 2782 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Link title MediaWiki:Link tip 216 sysop 439 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Internal link 1185 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Internal link 1956 2004-12-23T05:41:22Z MediaWiki default Internal link 2783 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Internal link MediaWiki:Extlink sample 217 sysop 362 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default http://www.example.com link title 1109 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default http://www.example.com link title 1863 2004-12-23T05:41:09Z MediaWiki default http://www.example.com link title 2784 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default http://www.example.com link title MediaWiki:Extlink tip 218 sysop 363 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default External link (remember http:// prefix) 1110 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default External link (remember http:// prefix) 1864 2004-12-23T05:41:10Z MediaWiki default External link (remember http:// prefix) 2785 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default External link (remember http:// prefix) MediaWiki:Headline sample 219 sysop 382 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Headline text 1128 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Headline text 1888 2004-12-23T05:41:12Z MediaWiki default Headline text 2786 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Headline text MediaWiki:Headline tip 220 sysop 383 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Level 2 headline 1129 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Level 2 headline 1889 2004-12-23T05:41:13Z MediaWiki default Level 2 headline 2787 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Level 2 headline MediaWiki:Math sample 221 sysop 497 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Insert formula here 1243 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Insert formula here 2024 2004-12-23T05:41:30Z MediaWiki default Insert formula here 2788 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Insert formula here MediaWiki:Math tip 222 sysop 499 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Mathematical formula (LaTeX) 1245 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Mathematical formula (LaTeX) 2026 2004-12-23T05:41:30Z MediaWiki default Mathematical formula (LaTeX) 2789 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Mathematical formula (LaTeX) MediaWiki:Nowiki sample 223 sysop 579 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Insert non-formatted text here 1325 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Insert non-formatted text here 2127 2004-12-23T05:41:40Z MediaWiki default Insert non-formatted text here 2790 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Insert non-formatted text here MediaWiki:Nowiki tip 224 sysop 580 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Ignore wiki formatting 1326 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Ignore wiki formatting 2128 2004-12-23T05:41:40Z MediaWiki default Ignore wiki formatting 2791 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Ignore wiki formatting MediaWiki:Image sample 225 sysop 397 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Example.jpg 1143 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Example.jpg 1905 2004-12-23T05:41:15Z MediaWiki default Example.jpg 2792 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Example.jpg MediaWiki:Image tip 226 sysop 398 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Embedded image 1144 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Embedded image 1906 2004-12-23T05:41:15Z MediaWiki default Embedded image 2793 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Embedded image MediaWiki:Media sample 227 sysop 502 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Example.mp3 1248 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Example.mp3 2031 2004-12-23T05:41:31Z MediaWiki default Example.mp3 2794 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Example.mp3 4016 2005-07-03T13:47:13Z MediaWiki default Example.ogg MediaWiki:Media tip 228 sysop 503 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Media file link 1249 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Media file link 2032 2004-12-23T05:41:31Z MediaWiki default Media file link 2795 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Media file link MediaWiki:Sig tip 229 sysop 731 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Your signature with timestamp 1474 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Your signature with timestamp 2302 2004-12-23T05:42:00Z MediaWiki default Your signature with timestamp 2796 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Your signature with timestamp MediaWiki:Hr tip 230 sysop 393 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Horizontal line (use sparingly) 1139 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Horizontal line (use sparingly) 1900 2004-12-23T05:41:15Z MediaWiki default Horizontal line (use sparingly) 2797 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Horizontal line (use sparingly) MediaWiki:Infobox 231 sysop 415 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Click a button to get an example text 1161 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Click a button to get an example text 1925 2004-12-23T05:41:16Z MediaWiki default Click a button to get an example text 2798 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Click a button to get an example text MediaWiki:Summary 232 sysop 752 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Summary 1495 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Summary 2366 2004-12-23T05:42:06Z MediaWiki default Summary 2799 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Summary MediaWiki:Subject 233 sysop 749 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Subject/headline 1492 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Subject/headline 2363 2004-12-23T05:42:05Z MediaWiki default Subject/headline 2800 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Subject/headline MediaWiki:Minoredit 234 sysop 505 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default This is a minor edit 1251 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default This is a minor edit 2034 2004-12-23T05:41:31Z MediaWiki default This is a minor edit 2801 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default This is a minor edit 4020 2005-07-03T13:47:13Z MediaWiki default This is a minor edit. 4202 2005-07-29T11:09:17Z MediaWiki default This is a minor edit MediaWiki:Watchthis 235 sysop 894 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Watch this article 1597 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Watch this page 2540 2004-12-23T05:42:26Z MediaWiki default Watch this page 2802 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Watch this page MediaWiki:Savearticle 236 sysop 700 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Save page 1446 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Save page 2267 2004-12-23T05:41:57Z MediaWiki default Save page 2803 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Save page MediaWiki:Preview 237 sysop 624 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Preview 1370 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Preview 2180 2004-12-23T05:41:46Z MediaWiki default Preview 2804 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Preview MediaWiki:Showpreview 238 sysop 729 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Show preview 1472 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Show preview 2300 2004-12-23T05:42:00Z MediaWiki default Show preview 2805 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Show preview MediaWiki:Blockedtitle 239 sysop 239 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default User is blocked 988 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default User is blocked 1720 2004-12-23T05:40:55Z MediaWiki default User is blocked 2806 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default User is blocked MediaWiki:Blockedtext 240 sysop 238 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Your user name or IP address has been blocked by $1. The reason given is this: ''$2''You may contact $1 or one of the other [[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrators]] to discuss the block. Note that you may not use the "email this user" feature unless you have a valid email address registered in your [[Special:Preferences|user preferences]]. Your IP address is $3. Please include this address in any queries you make. 987 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Your user name or IP address has been blocked by $1. The reason given is this: ''$2''You may contact $1 or one of the other [[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrators]] to discuss the block. Note that you may not use the "email this user" feature unless you have a valid email address registered in your [[Special:Preferences|user preferences]]. Your IP address is $3. Please include this address in any queries you make. 1719 2004-12-23T05:40:54Z MediaWiki default Your user name or IP address has been blocked by $1. The reason given is this: ''$2''You may contact $1 or one of the other [[Project:Administrators|administrators]] to discuss the block. Note that you may not use the "email this user" feature unless you have a valid email address registered in your [[Special:Preferences|user preferences]]. Your IP address is $3. Please include this address in any queries you make. 2807 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Your user name or IP address has been blocked by $1. The reason given is this: ''$2''You may contact $1 or one of the other [[Project:Administrators|administrators]] to discuss the block. Note that you may not use the "email this user" feature unless you have a valid email address registered in your [[Special:Preferences|user preferences]]. Your IP address is $3. Please include this address in any queries you make. 4635 2005-12-02T02:44:07Z MediaWiki default Your user name or IP address has been blocked by $1. The reason given is this: ''$2''You may contact $1 or one of the other [[Project:Administrators|administrators]] to discuss the block. Note that you may not use the "e-mail this user" feature unless you have a valid e-mail address registered in your [[Special:Preferences|user preferences]]. Your IP address is $3. Please include this address in any queries you make. 4683 2005-12-02T04:16:54Z MediaWiki default Your user name or IP address has been blocked by $1. The reason given is this: ''$2''You may contact $1 or one of the other [[Project:Administrators|administrators]] to discuss the block. Note that you may not use the "e-mail this user" feature unless you have a valid e-mail address registered in your [[Special:Preferences|user preferences]]. Your IP address is $3. Please include this address in any queries you make. 5769 2006-07-01T19:07:50Z MediaWiki default Your user name or IP address has been blocked by $1. The reason given is this: ''$2'' You may contact $1 or one of the other [[{{ns:project}}:Administrators|administrators]] to discuss the block. Note that you may not use the "e-mail this user" feature unless you have a valid e-mail address registered in your [[Special:Preferences|user preferences]]. Your IP address is $3. Please include this address in any queries you make. MediaWiki:Whitelistedittitle 241 sysop 901 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Login required to edit 1604 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Login required to edit 2548 2004-12-23T05:42:27Z MediaWiki default Login required to edit 2808 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Login required to edit MediaWiki:Whitelistedittext 242 sysop 900 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default You have to [[Special:Userlogin|login]] to edit articles. 1603 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default You have to [[Special:Userlogin|login]] to edit pages. 2547 2004-12-23T05:42:27Z MediaWiki default You have to [[Special:Userlogin|login]] to edit pages. 2809 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default You have to [[Special:Userlogin|login]] to edit pages. 5920 2006-07-01T19:07:52Z MediaWiki default You have to $1 to edit pages. MediaWiki:Whitelistreadtitle 243 sysop 903 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Login required to read 1606 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Login required to read 2550 2004-12-23T05:42:27Z MediaWiki default Login required to read 2810 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Login required to read MediaWiki:Whitelistreadtext 244 sysop 902 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default You have to [[Special:Userlogin|login]] to read articles. 1605 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default You have to [[Special:Userlogin|login]] to read pages. 2549 2004-12-23T05:42:27Z MediaWiki default You have to [[Special:Userlogin|login]] to read pages. 2811 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default You have to [[Special:Userlogin|login]] to read pages. MediaWiki:Whitelistacctitle 245 sysop 899 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default You are not allowed to create an account 1602 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default You are not allowed to create an account 2546 2004-12-23T05:42:27Z MediaWiki default You are not allowed to create an account 2812 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default You are not allowed to create an account MediaWiki:Whitelistacctext 246 sysop 898 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default To be allowed to create accounts in this Wiki you have to [[Special:Userlogin|log]] in and have the appropriate permissions. 1601 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default To be allowed to create accounts in this Wiki you have to [[Special:Userlogin|log]] in and have the appropriate permissions. 2545 2004-12-23T05:42:27Z MediaWiki default To be allowed to create accounts in this Wiki you have to [[Special:Userlogin|log]] in and have the appropriate permissions. 2813 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default To be allowed to create accounts in this Wiki you have to [[Special:Userlogin|log]] in and have the appropriate permissions. MediaWiki:Accmailtitle 247 sysop 203 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Password sent. 952 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Password sent. 1665 2004-12-23T05:40:45Z MediaWiki default Password sent. 2814 2005-06-25T11:23:01Z MediaWiki default Password sent. MediaWiki:Accmailtext 248 sysop 202 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default The Password for '$1' has been sent to $2. 951 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default The Password for '$1' has been sent to $2. 1664 2004-12-23T05:40:43Z MediaWiki default The Password for '$1' has been sent to $2. 2815 2005-06-25T11:23:01Z MediaWiki default The Password for '$1' has been sent to $2. 4172 2005-07-29T11:09:14Z MediaWiki default The password for '$1' has been sent to $2. 4724 2005-12-22T07:39:44Z MediaWiki default The password for "$1" has been sent to $2. MediaWiki:Newarticle 249 sysop 533 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default (New) 1279 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default (New) 2069 2004-12-23T05:41:33Z MediaWiki default (New) 2816 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default (New) MediaWiki:Newarticletext 250 sysop 534 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default You've followed a link to a page that doesn't exist yet. To create the page, start typing in the box below (see the [[Wikipedia:Help|help page]] for more info). If you are here by mistake, just click your browser's '''back''' button. 1280 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default You've followed a link to a page that doesn't exist yet. To create the page, start typing in the box below (see the [[Wikipedia:Help|help page]] for more info). If you are here by mistake, just click your browser's '''back''' button. 2070 2004-12-23T05:41:33Z MediaWiki default You've followed a link to a page that doesn't exist yet. To create the page, start typing in the box below (see the [[Project:Help|help page]] for more info). If you are here by mistake, just click your browser's '''back''' button. 2817 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default You've followed a link to a page that doesn't exist yet. To create the page, start typing in the box below (see the [[Project:Help|help page]] for more info). If you are here by mistake, just click your browser's '''back''' button. 5839 2006-07-01T19:07:51Z MediaWiki default You've followed a link to a page that doesn't exist yet. To create the page, start typing in the box below (see the [[{{ns:help}}:Contents|help page]] for more info). If you are here by mistake, just click your browser's '''back''' button. MediaWiki:Anontalkpagetext 251 sysop 220 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default ----''This is the discussion page for an anonymous user who has not created an account yet or who does not use it. We therefore have to use the numerical [[IP address]] to identify him/her. Such an IP address can be shared by several users. If you are an anonymous user and feel that irrelevant comments have been directed at you, please [[Special:Userlogin|create an account or log in]] to avoid future confusion with other anonymous users.'' 969 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default ----''This is the discussion page for an anonymous user who has not created an account yet or who does not use it. We therefore have to use the numerical [[IP address]] to identify him/her. Such an IP address can be shared by several users. If you are an anonymous user and feel that irrelevant comments have been directed at you, please [[Special:Userlogin|create an account or log in]] to avoid future confusion with other anonymous users.'' 1694 2004-12-23T05:40:49Z MediaWiki default ----''This is the discussion page for an anonymous user who has not created an account yet or who does not use it. We therefore have to use the numerical [[IP address]] to identify him/her. Such an IP address can be shared by several users. If you are an anonymous user and feel that irrelevant comments have been directed at you, please [[Special:Userlogin|create an account or log in]] to avoid future confusion with other anonymous users.'' 2818 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default ----''This is the discussion page for an anonymous user who has not created an account yet or who does not use it. We therefore have to use the numerical [[IP address]] to identify him/her. Such an IP address can be shared by several users. If you are an anonymous user and feel that irrelevant comments have been directed at you, please [[Special:Userlogin|create an account or log in]] to avoid future confusion with other anonymous users.'' 4880 2006-02-26T02:05:29Z MediaWiki default ----''This is the discussion page for an anonymous user who has not created an account yet or who does not use it. We therefore have to use the numerical [[IP address]] to identify him/her. Such an IP address can be shared by several users. If you are an anonymous user and feel that irrelevant comments have been directed at you, please [[Special:Userlogin|create an account or log in]] to avoid future confusion with other anonymous users.'' 5765 2006-07-01T19:07:50Z MediaWiki default ----''This is the discussion page for an anonymous user who has not created an account yet or who does not use it. We therefore have to use the numerical IP address to identify him/her. Such an IP address can be shared by several users. If you are an anonymous user and feel that irrelevant comments have been directed at you, please [[Special:Userlogin|create an account or log in]] to avoid future confusion with other anonymous users.'' MediaWiki:Noarticletext 252 sysop 547 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default (There is currently no text in this page) 1293 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default (There is currently no text in this page) 2089 2004-12-23T05:41:36Z MediaWiki default (There is currently no text in this page) 2819 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default (There is currently no text in this page) 4540 2005-11-09T23:10:58Z MediaWiki default There is currently no text in this page, you can [[{{ns:special}}:Search/{{PAGENAME}}|search for this page title]] in other pages or [{{fullurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}} edit this page]. 5842 2006-07-01T19:07:51Z MediaWiki default There is currently no text in this page, you can [[{{ns:special}}:Search/{{PAGENAME}}|search for this page title]] in other pages or [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=edit}} edit this page]. MediaWiki:Updated 253 sysop 849 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default (Updated) 1553 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default (Updated) 2453 2004-12-23T05:42:19Z MediaWiki default (Updated) 2820 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default (Updated) MediaWiki:Note 254 sysop 574 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Note: 1320 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Note: 2120 2004-12-23T05:41:39Z MediaWiki default Note: 2821 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Note: 4900 2006-02-26T02:05:31Z MediaWiki default Note: MediaWiki:Previewnote 255 sysop 626 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Remember that this is only a preview, and has not yet been saved! 1372 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Remember that this is only a preview, and has not yet been saved! 2182 2004-12-23T05:41:46Z MediaWiki default Remember that this is only a preview, and has not yet been saved! 2822 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Remember that this is only a preview, and has not yet been saved! 4547 2005-11-09T23:10:58Z MediaWiki default This is only a preview; changes have not yet been saved! MediaWiki:Previewconflict 256 sysop 625 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default This preview reflects the text in the upper text editing area as it will appear if you choose to save. 1371 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default This preview reflects the text in the upper text editing area as it will appear if you choose to save. 2181 2004-12-23T05:41:46Z MediaWiki default This preview reflects the text in the upper text editing area as it will appear if you choose to save. 2823 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default This preview reflects the text in the upper text editing area as it will appear if you choose to save. 5858 2006-07-01T19:07:51Z MediaWiki default This preview reflects the text in the upper text editing area as it will appear if you choose to save. MediaWiki:Editing 257 sysop 336 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Editing $1 1083 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Editing $1 1833 2004-12-23T05:41:07Z MediaWiki default Editing $1 2824 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Editing $1 MediaWiki:Sectionedit 258 sysop 712 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default (section) 2825 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default (section) MediaWiki:Commentedit 259 sysop 274 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default (comment) 2826 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default (comment) MediaWiki:Editconflict 260 sysop 332 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Edit conflict: $1 1079 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Edit conflict: $1 1828 2004-12-23T05:41:07Z MediaWiki default Edit conflict: $1 2827 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Edit conflict: $1 MediaWiki:Explainconflict 261 sysop 358 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Someone else has changed this page since you started editing it. The upper text area contains the page text as it currently exists. Your changes are shown in the lower text area. You will have to merge your changes into the existing text. Only the text in the upper text area will be saved when you press "Save page". 1105 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Someone else has changed this page since you started editing it. The upper text area contains the page text as it currently exists. Your changes are shown in the lower text area. You will have to merge your changes into the existing text. Only the text in the upper text area will be saved when you press "Save page". 1859 2004-12-23T05:41:09Z MediaWiki default Someone else has changed this page since you started editing it. The upper text area contains the page text as it currently exists. Your changes are shown in the lower text area. You will have to merge your changes into the existing text. Only the text in the upper text area will be saved when you press "Save page". 2828 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Someone else has changed this page since you started editing it. The upper text area contains the page text as it currently exists. Your changes are shown in the lower text area. You will have to merge your changes into the existing text. Only the text in the upper text area will be saved when you press "Save page". 3960 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Someone else has changed this page since you started editing it. The upper text area contains the page text as it currently exists. Your changes are shown in the lower text area. You will have to merge your changes into the existing text. Only the text in the upper text area will be saved when you press "Save page". 4728 2005-12-22T07:39:45Z MediaWiki default Someone else has changed this page since you started editing it. The upper text area contains the page text as it currently exists. Your changes are shown in the lower text area. You will have to merge your changes into the existing text. Only the text in the upper text area will be saved when you press "Save page". MediaWiki:Yourtext 262 sysop 918 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Your text 1621 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Your text 2566 2004-12-23T05:42:30Z MediaWiki default Your text 2829 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Your text MediaWiki:Storedversion 263 sysop 746 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Stored version 1489 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Stored version 2358 2004-12-23T05:42:03Z MediaWiki default Stored version 2830 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Stored version MediaWiki:Editingold 264 sysop 337 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default WARNING: You are editing an out-of-date revision of this page. If you save it, any changes made since this revision will be lost. 1084 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default WARNING: You are editing an out-of-date revision of this page. If you save it, any changes made since this revision will be lost. 1835 2004-12-23T05:41:07Z MediaWiki default WARNING: You are editing an out-of-date revision of this page. If you save it, any changes made since this revision will be lost. 2831 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default WARNING: You are editing an out-of-date revision of this page. If you save it, any changes made since this revision will be lost. 3711 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default WARNING: You are editing an out-of-date revision of this page. If you save it, any changes made since this revision will be lost. MediaWiki:Yourdiff 265 sysop 911 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Differences 1614 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Differences 2558 2004-12-23T05:42:30Z MediaWiki default Differences 2832 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Differences MediaWiki:Copyrightwarning 266 sysop 292 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Please note that all contributions to MediaWiki are considered to be released under the GNU Free Documentation License (see $1 for details). If you don't want your writing to be edited mercilessly and redistributed at will, then don't submit it here. You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource. DO NOT SUBMIT COPYRIGHTED WORK WITHOUT PERMISSION! 1040 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Please note that all contributions to Wikipedia are considered to be released under the GNU Free Documentation License (see $1 for details). If you don't want your writing to be edited mercilessly and redistributed at will, then don't submit it here. You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource. DO NOT SUBMIT COPYRIGHTED WORK WITHOUT PERMISSION! 1777 2004-12-23T05:41:02Z MediaWiki default Please note that all contributions to {{SITENAME}} are considered to be released under the $2 (see $1 for details). If you don't want your writing to be edited mercilessly and redistributed at will, then don't submit it here. You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource. DO NOT SUBMIT COPYRIGHTED WORK WITHOUT PERMISSION! 2833 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Please note that all contributions to {{SITENAME}} are considered to be released under the $2 (see $1 for details). If you don't want your writing to be edited mercilessly and redistributed at will, then don't submit it here. You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource. DO NOT SUBMIT COPYRIGHTED WORK WITHOUT PERMISSION! 4725 2005-12-22T07:39:44Z MediaWiki default Please note that all contributions to {{SITENAME}} are considered to be released under the $2 (see $1 for details). If you don't want your writing to be edited mercilessly and redistributed at will, then don't submit it here. You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource. DO NOT SUBMIT COPYRIGHTED WORK WITHOUT PERMISSION! MediaWiki:Longpagewarning 267 sysop 471 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default WARNING: This page is $1 kilobytes long; some browsers may have problems editing pages approaching or longer than 32kb. Please consider breaking the page into smaller sections. 1217 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default WARNING: This page is $1 kilobytes long; some browsers may have problems editing pages approaching or longer than 32kb. Please consider breaking the page into smaller sections. 1991 2004-12-23T05:41:27Z MediaWiki default WARNING: This page is $1 kilobytes long; some browsers may have problems editing pages approaching or longer than 32kb. Please consider breaking the page into smaller sections. 2834 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default WARNING: This page is $1 kilobytes long; some browsers may have problems editing pages approaching or longer than 32kb. Please consider breaking the page into smaller sections. 4012 2005-07-03T13:47:13Z MediaWiki default WARNING: This page is $1 kilobytes long; some browsers may have problems editing pages approaching or longer than 32kb. Please consider breaking the page into smaller sections. MediaWiki:Readonlywarning 268 sysop 667 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default WARNING: The database has been locked for maintenance, so you will not be able to save your edits right now. You may wish to cut-n-paste the text into a text file and save it for later. 1413 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default WARNING: The database has been locked for maintenance, so you will not be able to save your edits right now. You may wish to cut-n-paste the text into a text file and save it for later. 2231 2004-12-23T05:41:53Z MediaWiki default WARNING: The database has been locked for maintenance, so you will not be able to save your edits right now. You may wish to cut-n-paste the text into a text file and save it for later. 2835 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default WARNING: The database has been locked for maintenance, so you will not be able to save your edits right now. You may wish to cut-n-paste the text into a text file and save it for later. 4050 2005-07-03T13:47:14Z MediaWiki default WARNING: The database has been locked for maintenance, so you will not be able to save your edits right now. You may wish to cut-n-paste the text into a text file and save it for later. MediaWiki:Protectedpagewarning 269 sysop 634 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default WARNING: This page has been locked so that only users with sysop privileges can edit it. Be sure you are following the <a href='/w/wiki.phtml/Wikipedia:Protected_page_guidelines'>protected page guidelines</a>. 1380 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default WARNING: This page has been locked so that only users with sysop privileges can edit it. Be sure you are following the <a href='/w/wiki.phtml/Wikipedia:Protected_page_guidelines'>protected page guidelines</a>. 2192 2004-12-23T05:41:47Z MediaWiki default WARNING: This page has been locked so that only users with sysop privileges can edit it. Be sure you are following the <a href='/w/index.php/Project:Protected_page_guidelines'>protected page guidelines</a>. 2836 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default WARNING: This page has been locked so that only users with sysop privileges can edit it. Be sure you are following the <a href='/w/index.php/Project:Protected_page_guidelines'>protected page guidelines</a>. 4047 2005-07-03T13:47:14Z MediaWiki default WARNING: This page has been locked so that only users with sysop privileges can edit it. Be sure you are following the [[Project:Protected_page_guidelines|protected page guidelines]]. 5862 2006-07-01T19:07:51Z MediaWiki default WARNING: This page has been locked so that only users with sysop privileges can edit it. MediaWiki:Revhistory 270 sysop 689 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Revision history 1435 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Revision history 2254 2004-12-23T05:41:56Z MediaWiki default Revision history 2837 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Revision history MediaWiki:Nohistory 271 sysop 560 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default There is no edit history for this page. 1306 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default There is no edit history for this page. 2103 2004-12-23T05:41:38Z MediaWiki default There is no edit history for this page. 2838 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default There is no edit history for this page. MediaWiki:Revnotfound 272 sysop 691 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Revision not found 1437 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Revision not found 2257 2004-12-23T05:41:57Z MediaWiki default Revision not found 2839 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Revision not found MediaWiki:Revnotfoundtext 273 sysop 692 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default The old revision of the page you asked for could not be found. Please check the URL you used to access this page. 1438 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default The old revision of the page you asked for could not be found. Please check the URL you used to access this page. 2258 2004-12-23T05:41:57Z MediaWiki default The old revision of the page you asked for could not be found. Please check the URL you used to access this page. 2840 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default The old revision of the page you asked for could not be found. Please check the URL you used to access this page. 4743 2005-12-22T07:39:47Z MediaWiki default The old revision of the page you asked for could not be found. Please check the URL you used to access this page. MediaWiki:Loadhist 274 sysop 446 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Loading page history 1192 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Loading page history 1965 2004-12-23T05:41:24Z MediaWiki default Loading page history 2841 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Loading page history MediaWiki:Currentrev 275 sysop 298 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Current revision 1046 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Current revision 1787 2004-12-23T05:41:03Z MediaWiki default Current revision 2842 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Current revision MediaWiki:Revisionasof 276 sysop 690 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Revision as of $1 1436 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Revision as of $1 2255 2004-12-23T05:41:57Z MediaWiki default Revision as of $1 2843 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Revision as of $1 MediaWiki:Cur 277 sysop 296 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default cur 1044 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default cur 1784 2004-12-23T05:41:03Z MediaWiki default cur 2844 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default cur MediaWiki:Next 278 sysop 543 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default next 1289 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default next 2082 2004-12-23T05:41:35Z MediaWiki default next 2845 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default next MediaWiki:Last 279 sysop 434 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default last 1180 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default last 1951 2004-12-23T05:41:19Z MediaWiki default last 2846 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default last MediaWiki:Orig 280 sysop 594 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default orig 1340 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default orig 2149 2004-12-23T05:41:41Z MediaWiki default orig 2847 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default orig MediaWiki:Histlegend 281 sysop 389 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Diff selection: mark the radio boxes of the versions to compare and hit enter or the button at the bottom. Legend: (cur) = difference with current version, (last) = difference with preceding version, M = minor edit. 1135 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Diff selection: mark the radio boxes of the versions to compare and hit enter or the button at the bottom. Legend: (cur) = difference with current version, (last) = difference with preceding version, M = minor edit. 1895 2004-12-23T05:41:14Z MediaWiki default Diff selection: mark the radio boxes of the versions to compare and hit enter or the button at the bottom. Legend: (cur) = difference with current version, (last) = difference with preceding version, M = minor edit. 2848 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Diff selection: mark the radio boxes of the versions to compare and hit enter or the button at the bottom. Legend: (cur) = difference with current version, (last) = difference with preceding version, M = minor edit. MediaWiki:Difference 282 sysop 322 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default (Difference between revisions) 1069 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default (Difference between revisions) 1818 2004-12-23T05:41:06Z MediaWiki default (Difference between revisions) 2849 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default (Difference between revisions) MediaWiki:Loadingrev 283 sysop 447 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default loading revision for diff 1193 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default loading revision for diff 1966 2004-12-23T05:41:24Z MediaWiki default loading revision for diff 2850 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default loading revision for diff MediaWiki:Lineno 284 sysop 437 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Line $1: 1183 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Line $1: 1954 2004-12-23T05:41:22Z MediaWiki default Line $1: 2851 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Line $1: MediaWiki:Editcurrent 285 sysop 333 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Edit the current version of this page 1080 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Edit the current version of this page 1829 2004-12-23T05:41:07Z MediaWiki default Edit the current version of this page 2852 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Edit the current version of this page MediaWiki:Searchresults 286 sysop 709 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Search results 1453 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Search results 2276 2004-12-23T05:41:58Z MediaWiki default Search results 2853 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Search results MediaWiki:Searchhelppage 287 sysop 706 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia:Searching 2854 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia:Searching MediaWiki:Searchingwikipedia 288 sysop 707 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Searching MediaWiki 2855 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Searching Wikipedia MediaWiki:Searchresulttext 289 sysop 711 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default For more information about searching MediaWiki, see $1. 1455 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default For more information about searching Wikipedia, see $1. 2278 2004-12-23T05:41:58Z MediaWiki default For more information about searching {{SITENAME}}, see [[Project:Searching|Searching {{SITENAME}}]]. 2856 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default For more information about searching {{SITENAME}}, see [[Project:Searching|Searching {{SITENAME}}]]. 5880 2006-07-01T19:07:52Z MediaWiki default For more information about searching {{SITENAME}}, see [[{{ns:project}}:Searching|Searching {{SITENAME}}]]. MediaWiki:Searchquery 290 sysop 708 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default For query "$1" 1452 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default For query "$1" 2275 2004-12-23T05:41:58Z MediaWiki default For query "$1" 2857 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default For query "$1" MediaWiki:Badquery 291 sysop 232 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Badly formed search query 981 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Badly formed search query 1712 2004-12-23T05:40:53Z MediaWiki default Badly formed search query 2858 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Badly formed search query MediaWiki:Badquerytext 292 sysop 233 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default We could not process your query. This is probably because you have attempted to search for a word fewer than three letters long, which is not yet supported. It could also be that you have mistyped the expression, for example "fish and and scales". Please try another query. 982 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default We could not process your query. This is probably because you have attempted to search for a word fewer than three letters long, which is not yet supported. It could also be that you have mistyped the expression, for example "fish and and scales". Please try another query. 1713 2004-12-23T05:40:53Z MediaWiki default We could not process your query. This is probably because you have attempted to search for a word fewer than three letters long, which is not yet supported. It could also be that you have mistyped the expression, for example "fish and and scales". Please try another query. 2859 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default We could not process your query. This is probably because you have attempted to search for a word fewer than three letters long, which is not yet supported. It could also be that you have mistyped the expression, for example "fish and and scales". Please try another query. MediaWiki:Matchtotals 293 sysop 489 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default The query "$1" matched $2 article titles and the text of $3 articles. 1235 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default The query "$1" matched $2 page titles and the text of $3 pages. 2016 2004-12-23T05:41:29Z MediaWiki default The query "$1" matched $2 page titles and the text of $3 pages. 2860 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default The query "$1" matched $2 page titles and the text of $3 pages. MediaWiki:Nogomatch 294 sysop 559 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default No page with this exact title exists, trying full text search. 1305 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default No page with this exact title exists, trying full text search. 2102 2004-12-23T05:41:38Z MediaWiki default No page with this exact title exists, trying full text search. 2861 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default No page with this exact title exists, trying full text search. 4030 2005-07-03T13:47:13Z MediaWiki default No page with [[$1|this exact title]] exists, trying full text search. 4899 2006-02-26T02:05:31Z MediaWiki default '''There is no page titled "$1".''' You can [[$1|create this page]]. MediaWiki:Titlematches 295 sysop 769 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Article title matches 1511 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Article title matches 2387 2004-12-23T05:42:10Z MediaWiki default Article title matches 2862 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Article title matches MediaWiki:Notitlematches 296 sysop 576 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default No article title matches 1322 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default No page title matches 2122 2004-12-23T05:41:39Z MediaWiki default No page title matches 2863 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default No page title matches MediaWiki:Textmatches 297 sysop 764 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Article text matches 1506 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Page text matches 2380 2004-12-23T05:42:09Z MediaWiki default Page text matches 2864 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Page text matches MediaWiki:Notextmatches 298 sysop 575 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default No article text matches 1321 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default No page text matches 2121 2004-12-23T05:41:39Z MediaWiki default No page text matches 2865 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default No page text matches MediaWiki:Prevn 299 sysop 627 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default previous $1 1373 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default previous $1 2185 2004-12-23T05:41:46Z MediaWiki default previous $1 2866 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default previous $1 MediaWiki:Nextn 300 sysop 544 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default next $1 1290 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default next $1 2084 2004-12-23T05:41:36Z MediaWiki default next $1 2867 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default next $1 MediaWiki:Viewprevnext 301 sysop 879 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default View ($1) ($2) ($3). 1582 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default View ($1) ($2) ($3). 2525 2004-12-23T05:42:24Z MediaWiki default View ($1) ($2) ($3). 2868 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default View ($1) ($2) ($3). MediaWiki:Showingresults 302 sysop 726 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Showing below $1 results starting with #$2. 1469 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Showing below $1 results starting with #$2. 2297 2004-12-23T05:41:59Z MediaWiki default Showing below up to $1 results starting with #$2. 2869 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Showing below up to $1 results starting with #$2. MediaWiki:Showingresultsnum 303 sysop 727 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Showing below $3 results starting with #$2. 1470 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Showing below $3 results starting with #$2. 2298 2004-12-23T05:41:59Z MediaWiki default Showing below $3 results starting with #$2. 2870 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Showing below $3 results starting with #$2. MediaWiki:Nonefound 304 sysop 564 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Note: unsuccessful searches are often caused by searching for common words like "have" and "from", which are not indexed, or by specifying more than one search term (only pages containing all of the search terms will appear in the result). 1310 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Note: unsuccessful searches are often caused by searching for common words like "have" and "from", which are not indexed, or by specifying more than one search term (only pages containing all of the search terms will appear in the result). 2108 2004-12-23T05:41:38Z MediaWiki default '''Note''': unsuccessful searches are often caused by searching for common words like "have" and "from", which are not indexed, or by specifying more than one search term (only pages containing all of the search terms will appear in the result). 2871 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default '''Note''': unsuccessful searches are often caused by searching for common words like "have" and "from", which are not indexed, or by specifying more than one search term (only pages containing all of the search terms will appear in the result). MediaWiki:Powersearch 305 sysop 613 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Search 1359 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Search 2169 2004-12-23T05:41:44Z MediaWiki default Search 2872 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Search MediaWiki:Powersearchtext 306 sysop 614 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Search in namespaces : $1 $2 List redirects   Search for $3 $9 1360 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Search in namespaces : $1 $2 List redirects   Search for $3 $9 2170 2004-12-23T05:41:45Z MediaWiki default Search in namespaces : $1 $2 List redirects   Search for $3 $9 2873 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Search in namespaces : $1 $2 List redirects   Search for $3 $9 5853 2006-07-01T19:07:51Z MediaWiki default Search in namespaces: $1 $2 List redirects Search for $3 $9 MediaWiki:Searchdisabled 307 sysop 705 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Sorry! Full text search has been disabled temporarily, for performance reasons. In the meantime, you can use the Google search below, which may be out of date. 1451 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Sorry! Full text search has been disabled temporarily, for performance reasons. In the meantime, you can use the Google search below, which may be out of date. 2274 2004-12-23T05:41:58Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} search is disabled for performance reasons. You can search via Google in the meantime. Note that their indexes of {{SITENAME}} content may be out of date. 2874 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} search is disabled for performance reasons. You can search via Google in the meantime. Note that their indexes of {{SITENAME}} content may be out of date. 4063 2005-07-03T13:47:14Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} search is disabled. You can search via Google in the meantime. Note that their indexes of {{SITENAME}} content may be out of date. MediaWiki:Blanknamespace 308 sysop 237 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default (Main) 986 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default (Main) 1717 2004-12-23T05:40:54Z MediaWiki default (Main) 2875 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default (Main) MediaWiki:Preferences 309 sysop 615 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Preferences 1361 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Preferences 2171 2004-12-23T05:41:45Z MediaWiki default Preferences 2876 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Preferences MediaWiki:Prefsnologin 310 sysop 621 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Not logged in 1367 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Not logged in 2177 2004-12-23T05:41:46Z MediaWiki default Not logged in 2877 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Not logged in MediaWiki:Prefsnologintext 311 sysop 622 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default You must be <a href="/wiki/Special:Userlogin">logged in</a> to set user preferences. 1368 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default You must be <a href="/wiki/Special:Userlogin">logged in</a> to set user preferences. 2178 2004-12-23T05:41:46Z MediaWiki default You must be <a href="{{localurl:Special:Userlogin}}">logged in</a> to set user preferences. 2878 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default You must be <a href="{{localurl:Special:Userlogin}}">logged in</a> to set user preferences. 4043 2005-07-03T13:47:14Z MediaWiki default You must be [[Special:Userlogin|logged in]] to set user preferences. 4211 2005-07-29T11:09:17Z MediaWiki default You must be [[Special:Userlogin|logged in]] to set user preferences. MediaWiki:Prefslogintext 312 sysop 620 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default You are logged in as "$1". Your internal ID number is $2. See [[Wikipedia:User preferences help]] for help deciphering the options. 1366 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default You are logged in as "$1". Your internal ID number is $2. See [[Wikipedia:User preferences help]] for help deciphering the options. 2176 2004-12-23T05:41:46Z MediaWiki default You are logged in as "$1". Your internal ID number is $2. See [[Project:User preferences help]] for help deciphering the options. 2879 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default You are logged in as "$1". Your internal ID number is $2. See [[Project:User preferences help]] for help deciphering the options. MediaWiki:Prefsreset 313 sysop 623 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Preferences have been reset from storage. 1369 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Preferences have been reset from storage. 2179 2004-12-23T05:41:46Z MediaWiki default Preferences have been reset from storage. 2880 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Preferences have been reset from storage. MediaWiki:Qbsettings 314 sysop 651 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Quickbar settings 1397 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Quickbar settings 2211 2004-12-23T05:41:50Z MediaWiki default Quickbar settings 2881 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Quickbar MediaWiki:Changepassword 315 sysop 271 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Change password 1020 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Change password 1756 2004-12-23T05:41:01Z MediaWiki default Change password 2882 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Change password MediaWiki:Skin 316 sysop 739 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Skin 1482 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Skin 2346 2004-12-23T05:42:03Z MediaWiki default Skin 2883 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Skin MediaWiki:Math 317 sysop 490 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Rendering math 1236 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Rendering math 2017 2004-12-23T05:41:29Z MediaWiki default Rendering math 2884 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Rendering math 4015 2005-07-03T13:47:13Z MediaWiki default Math MediaWiki:Dateformat 318 sysop 300 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Date format 1048 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Date format 1791 2004-12-23T05:41:03Z MediaWiki default Date format 2885 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Date format MediaWiki:Math failure 319 sysop 493 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Failed to parse 1239 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Failed to parse 2020 2004-12-23T05:41:29Z MediaWiki default Failed to parse 2886 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Failed to parse MediaWiki:Math unknown error 320 sysop 500 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default unknown error 1246 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default unknown error 2027 2004-12-23T05:41:30Z MediaWiki default unknown error 2887 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default unknown error MediaWiki:Math unknown function 321 sysop 501 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default unknown function 1247 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default unknown function 2028 2004-12-23T05:41:30Z MediaWiki default unknown function 2888 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default unknown function 4897 2006-02-26T02:05:31Z MediaWiki default unknown function MediaWiki:Math lexing error 322 sysop 495 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default lexing error 1241 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default lexing error 2022 2004-12-23T05:41:30Z MediaWiki default lexing error 2889 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default lexing error MediaWiki:Math syntax error 323 sysop 498 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default syntax error 1244 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default syntax error 2025 2004-12-23T05:41:30Z MediaWiki default syntax error 2890 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default syntax error MediaWiki:Math image error 324 sysop 494 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default PNG conversion failed; check for correct installation of latex, dvips, gs, and convert 1240 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default PNG conversion failed; check for correct installation of latex, dvips, gs, and convert 2021 2004-12-23T05:41:29Z MediaWiki default PNG conversion failed; check for correct installation of latex, dvips, gs, and convert 2891 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default PNG conversion failed; check for correct installation of latex, dvips, gs, and convert MediaWiki:Saveprefs 325 sysop 703 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Save preferences 1449 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Save preferences 2271 2004-12-23T05:41:57Z MediaWiki default Save preferences 2892 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Save preferences 4059 2005-07-03T13:47:14Z MediaWiki default Save MediaWiki:Resetprefs 326 sysop 678 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Reset preferences 1424 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Reset preferences 2243 2004-12-23T05:41:55Z MediaWiki default Reset preferences 2893 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Reset preferences 4054 2005-07-03T13:47:14Z MediaWiki default Reset MediaWiki:Oldpassword 327 sysop 593 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Old password 1339 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Old password 2148 2004-12-23T05:41:41Z MediaWiki default Old password 2894 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Old password 4544 2005-11-09T23:10:58Z MediaWiki default Old password: MediaWiki:Newpassword 328 sysop 540 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default New password 1286 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default New password 2078 2004-12-23T05:41:34Z MediaWiki default New password 2895 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default New password 4539 2005-11-09T23:10:58Z MediaWiki default New password: MediaWiki:Retypenew 329 sysop 683 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Retype new password 1429 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Retype new password 2248 2004-12-23T05:41:55Z MediaWiki default Retype new password 2896 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Retype new password 4057 2005-07-03T13:47:14Z MediaWiki default Again 4214 2005-07-29T11:09:18Z MediaWiki default Retype new password 4552 2005-11-09T23:10:59Z MediaWiki default Retype new password: MediaWiki:Textboxsize 330 sysop 763 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Textbox dimensions 1505 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Textbox dimensions 2379 2004-12-23T05:42:08Z MediaWiki default Editing 2897 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Editing MediaWiki:Rows 331 sysop 699 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Rows 1445 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Rows 2265 2004-12-23T05:41:57Z MediaWiki default Rows 2898 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Rows 4553 2005-11-09T23:10:59Z MediaWiki default Rows: MediaWiki:Columns 332 sysop 273 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Columns 1022 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Columns 1759 2004-12-23T05:41:01Z MediaWiki default Columns 2899 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Columns 4509 2005-11-09T23:10:56Z MediaWiki default Columns: MediaWiki:Searchresultshead 333 sysop 710 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Search result settings 1454 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Search result settings 2277 2004-12-23T05:41:58Z MediaWiki default Search result settings 2900 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Search result settings 4065 2005-07-03T13:47:14Z MediaWiki default Search MediaWiki:Resultsperpage 334 sysop 680 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Hits to show per page 1426 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Hits to show per page 2245 2004-12-23T05:41:55Z MediaWiki default Hits to show per page 2901 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Hits to show per page 4056 2005-07-03T13:47:14Z MediaWiki default Hits per page 4551 2005-11-09T23:10:59Z MediaWiki default Hits per page: MediaWiki:Contextlines 335 sysop 285 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Lines to show per hit 1033 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Lines to show per hit 1770 2004-12-23T05:41:02Z MediaWiki default Lines to show per hit 2902 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Lines to show per hit 3697 2005-07-03T13:47:10Z MediaWiki default Lines per hit 4514 2005-11-09T23:10:56Z MediaWiki default Lines per hit: MediaWiki:Contextchars 336 sysop 284 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Characters of context per line 1032 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Characters of context per line 1769 2004-12-23T05:41:02Z MediaWiki default Characters of context per line 2903 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Characters of context per line 3696 2005-07-03T13:47:10Z MediaWiki default Context per line 4513 2005-11-09T23:10:56Z MediaWiki default Context per line: MediaWiki:Stubthreshold 337 sysop 747 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Threshold for stub display 1490 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Threshold for stub display 2359 2004-12-23T05:42:03Z MediaWiki default Threshold for stub display 2904 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Threshold for stub display 4556 2005-11-09T23:10:59Z MediaWiki default Threshold for stub display: MediaWiki:Recentchangescount 338 sysop 669 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Number of titles in recent changes 1415 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Number of titles in recent changes 2234 2004-12-23T05:41:53Z MediaWiki default Number of titles in recent changes 2905 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Number of titles in recent changes 4052 2005-07-03T13:47:14Z MediaWiki default Titles in recent changes 4548 2005-11-09T23:10:59Z MediaWiki default Titles in recent changes: MediaWiki:Savedprefs 339 sysop 701 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Your preferences have been saved. 1447 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Your preferences have been saved. 2268 2004-12-23T05:41:57Z MediaWiki default Your preferences have been saved. 2906 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Your preferences have been saved. MediaWiki:Timezonetext 340 sysop 768 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Enter number of hours your local time differs from server time (UTC). 1510 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Enter number of hours your local time differs from server time (UTC). 2386 2004-12-23T05:42:10Z MediaWiki default Enter number of hours your local time differs from server time (UTC). 2907 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Enter number of hours your local time differs from server time (UTC). 4079 2005-07-03T13:47:14Z MediaWiki default The number of hours your local time differs from server time (UTC). MediaWiki:Localtime 341 sysop 448 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Local time display 1194 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Local time display 1967 2004-12-23T05:41:24Z MediaWiki default Local time display 2908 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Local time display 4010 2005-07-03T13:47:13Z MediaWiki default Local time MediaWiki:Timezoneoffset 342 sysop 767 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Offset 1509 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Offset 2385 2004-12-23T05:42:09Z MediaWiki default Offset 2909 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Offset 4078 2005-07-03T13:47:14Z MediaWiki default Offset¹ MediaWiki:Servertime 343 sysop 719 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Server time is now 1462 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Server time is now 2288 2004-12-23T05:41:58Z MediaWiki default Server time is now 2910 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Server time is now 4067 2005-07-03T13:47:14Z MediaWiki default Server time MediaWiki:Guesstimezone 344 sysop 381 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Fill in from browser 1127 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Fill in from browser 1887 2004-12-23T05:41:12Z MediaWiki default Fill in from browser 2911 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Fill in from browser MediaWiki:Emailflag 345 sysop 340 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Disable e-mail from other users 1087 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Disable e-mail from other users 1840 2004-12-23T05:41:07Z MediaWiki default Disable e-mail from other users 2912 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Disable e-mail from other users MediaWiki:Defaultns 346 sysop 305 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Search in these namespaces by default: 1053 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Search in these namespaces by default: 1799 2004-12-23T05:41:04Z MediaWiki default Search in these namespaces by default: 2913 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Search in these namespaces by default: MediaWiki:Changes 347 sysop 272 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default changes 1021 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default changes 1757 2004-12-23T05:41:01Z MediaWiki default changes 2914 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default changes MediaWiki:Recentchanges 348 sysop 668 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Recent changes 1414 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Recent changes 2232 2004-12-23T05:41:53Z MediaWiki default Recent changes 2915 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Recent changes MediaWiki:Recentchangestext 349 sysop 671 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Track the most recent changes to the wiki on this page. 1417 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Track the most recent changes to the wiki on this page. 2236 2004-12-23T05:41:53Z MediaWiki default Track the most recent changes to the wiki on this page. 2916 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Track the most recent changes to the wiki on this page. MediaWiki:Rcloaderr 350 sysop 661 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Loading recent changes 1407 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Loading recent changes 2223 2004-12-23T05:41:52Z MediaWiki default Loading recent changes 2917 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Loading recent changes MediaWiki:Rcnote 351 sysop 663 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Below are the last $1 changes in last $2 days. 1409 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Below are the last $1 changes in last $2 days. 2225 2004-12-23T05:41:53Z MediaWiki default Below are the last $1 changes in last $2 days. 2918 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Below are the last $1 changes in last $2 days. 5867 2006-07-01T19:07:51Z MediaWiki default Below are the last $1 changes in the last $2 days, as of $3. MediaWiki:Rcnotefrom 352 sysop 664 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Below are the changes since $2 (up to $1 shown). 1410 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Below are the changes since $2 (up to $1 shown). 2226 2004-12-23T05:41:53Z MediaWiki default Below are the changes since $2 (up to $1 shown). 2919 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Below are the changes since $2 (up to $1 shown). MediaWiki:Rclistfrom 353 sysop 659 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Show new changes starting from $1 1405 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Show new changes starting from $1 2221 2004-12-23T05:41:51Z MediaWiki default Show new changes starting from $1 2920 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Show new changes starting from $1 MediaWiki:Showhideminor 354 sysop 725 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default $1 minor edits | $2 bots | $3 logged in users 1468 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default $1 minor edits | $2 bots | $3 logged in users 2296 2004-12-23T05:41:59Z MediaWiki default $1 minor edits | $2 bots | $3 logged in users | $4 patrolled edits 2921 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default $1 minor edits | $2 bots | $3 logged in users | $4 patrolled edits 4911 2006-02-26T02:05:31Z MediaWiki default $1 minor edits | $2 bots | $3 logged in users | $4 patrolled edits MediaWiki:Rclinks 355 sysop 658 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Show last $1 changes in last $2 days $3 1404 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Show last $1 changes in last $2 days $3 2220 2004-12-23T05:41:51Z MediaWiki default Show last $1 changes in last $2 days $3 2922 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Show last $1 changes in last $2 days $3 MediaWiki:Rchide 356 sysop 657 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default in $4 form; $1 minor edits; $2 secondary namespaces; $3 multiple edits. 1403 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default in $4 form; $1 minor edits; $2 secondary namespaces; $3 multiple edits. 2219 2004-12-23T05:41:50Z MediaWiki default in $4 form; $1 minor edits; $2 secondary namespaces; $3 multiple edits. 2923 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default in $4 form; $1 minor edits; $2 secondary namespaces; $3 multiple edits. MediaWiki:Rcliu 357 sysop 660 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default ; $1 edits from logged in users 1406 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default ; $1 edits from logged in users 2222 2004-12-23T05:41:51Z MediaWiki default ; $1 edits from logged in users 2924 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default ; $1 edits from logged in users MediaWiki:Diff 358 sysop 321 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default diff 1068 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default diff 1817 2004-12-23T05:41:06Z MediaWiki default diff 2925 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default diff MediaWiki:Hist 359 sysop 388 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default hist 1134 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default hist 1894 2004-12-23T05:41:14Z MediaWiki default hist 2926 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default hist MediaWiki:Hide 360 sysop 386 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default hide 1132 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default hide 1892 2004-12-23T05:41:14Z MediaWiki default hide 2927 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default hide 4196 2005-07-29T11:09:16Z MediaWiki default Hide MediaWiki:Show 361 sysop 724 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default show 1467 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default show 2294 2004-12-23T05:41:59Z MediaWiki default show 2928 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default show 4311 2005-09-05T09:54:33Z MediaWiki default Show MediaWiki:Tableform 362 sysop 756 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default table 1498 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default table 2370 2004-12-23T05:42:06Z MediaWiki default table 2929 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default table MediaWiki:Listform 363 sysop 444 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default list 1190 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default list 1962 2004-12-23T05:41:23Z MediaWiki default list 2930 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default list MediaWiki:Nchanges 364 sysop 532 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default $1 changes 1278 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default $1 changes 2068 2004-12-23T05:41:33Z MediaWiki default $1 changes 2931 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default $1 changes MediaWiki:Minoreditletter 365 sysop 506 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default M 1252 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default M 2035 2004-12-23T05:41:31Z MediaWiki default m 2932 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default m MediaWiki:Newpageletter 366 sysop 538 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default N 1284 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default N 2076 2004-12-23T05:41:34Z MediaWiki default N 2933 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default N MediaWiki:Upload 367 sysop 850 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Upload file 1554 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Upload file 2454 2004-12-23T05:42:19Z MediaWiki default Upload file 2934 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Upload file MediaWiki:Uploadbtn 368 sysop 851 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Upload file 1555 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Upload file 2455 2004-12-23T05:42:19Z MediaWiki default Upload file 2935 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Upload file MediaWiki:Uploadlink 369 sysop 857 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Upload images 1561 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Upload images 2462 2004-12-23T05:42:20Z MediaWiki default Upload images 2936 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Upload images MediaWiki:Reupload 370 sysop 684 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Re-upload 1430 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Re-upload 2249 2004-12-23T05:41:55Z MediaWiki default Re-upload 2937 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Re-upload MediaWiki:Reuploaddesc 371 sysop 685 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Return to the upload form. 1431 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Return to the upload form. 2250 2004-12-23T05:41:55Z MediaWiki default Return to the upload form. 2938 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Return to the upload form. MediaWiki:Uploadnologin 372 sysop 861 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Not logged in 1565 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Not logged in 2466 2004-12-23T05:42:20Z MediaWiki default Not logged in 2939 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Not logged in MediaWiki:Uploadnologintext 373 sysop 862 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default You must be <a href="/wiki/Special:Userlogin">logged in</a> to upload files. 1566 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default You must be <a href="/wiki/Special:Userlogin">logged in</a> to upload files. 2467 2004-12-23T05:42:20Z MediaWiki default You must be <a href="{{localurl:Special:Userlogin}}">logged in</a> to upload files. 2940 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default You must be <a href="{{localurl:Special:Userlogin}}">logged in</a> to upload files. 4100 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default You must be [[Special:Userlogin|logged in]] to upload files. MediaWiki:Uploadfile 374 sysop 856 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Upload images, sounds, documents etc. 1560 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Upload images, sounds, documents etc. 2461 2004-12-23T05:42:20Z MediaWiki default Upload images, sounds, documents etc. 2941 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Upload images, sounds, documents etc. MediaWiki:Uploaderror 375 sysop 855 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Upload error 1559 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Upload error 2460 2004-12-23T05:42:20Z MediaWiki default Upload error 2942 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Upload error MediaWiki:Uploadtext 376 sysop 863 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default STOP! Before you upload here, make sure to read and follow the <a href="/wiki/Special:Image_use_policy">image use policy</a>. If a file with the name you are specifying already exists on the wiki, it'll be replaced without warning. So unless you mean to update a file, it's a good idea to first check if such a file exists. To view or search previously uploaded images, go to the <a href="/wiki/Special:Imagelist">list of uploaded images</a>. Uploads and deletions are logged on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Upload_log">upload log</a>. Use the form below to upload new image files for use in illustrating your articles. On most browsers, you will see a "Browse..." button, which will bring up your operating system's standard file open dialog. Choosing a file will fill the name of that file into the text field next to the button. You must also check the box affirming that you are not violating any copyrights by uploading the file. Press the "Upload" button to finish the upload. This may take some time if you have a slow internet connection. The preferred formats are JPEG for photographic images, PNG for drawings and other iconic images, and OGG for sounds. Please name your files descriptively to avoid confusion. To include the image in an article, use a link in the form [[Image:file.jpg]] or [[Image:file.ogg]] for sounds. Please note that as with wiki pages, others may edit or delete your uploads if they think it serves the encyclopedia, and you may be blocked from uploading if you abuse the system. 1567 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default STOP! Before you upload here, make sure to read and follow the <a href="/wiki/Special:Image_use_policy">image use policy</a>. If a file with the name you are specifying already exists on the wiki, it'll be replaced without warning. So unless you mean to update a file, it's a good idea to first check if such a file exists. To view or search previously uploaded images, go to the <a href="/wiki/Special:Imagelist">list of uploaded images</a>. Uploads and deletions are logged on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Upload_log">upload log</a>. Use the form below to upload new image files for use in illustrating your pages. On most browsers, you will see a "Browse..." button, which will bring up your operating system's standard file open dialog. Choosing a file will fill the name of that file into the text field next to the button. You must also check the box affirming that you are not violating any copyrights by uploading the file. Press the "Upload" button to finish the upload. This may take some time if you have a slow internet connection. The preferred formats are JPEG for photographic images, PNG for drawings and other iconic images, and OGG for sounds. Please name your files descriptively to avoid confusion. To include the image in a page, use a link in the form [[Image:file.jpg]] or [[Image:file.ogg]] for sounds. Please note that as with wiki pages, others may edit or delete your uploads if they think it serves the project, and you may be blocked from uploading if you abuse the system. 2468 2004-12-23T05:42:20Z MediaWiki default '''STOP!''' Before you upload here, make sure to read and follow the [[Project:Image use policy|image use policy]]. To view or search previously uploaded images, go to the [[Special:Imagelist|list of uploaded images]]. Uploads and deletions are logged on the [[Project:Upload log|upload log]]. Use the form below to upload new image files for use in illustrating your pages. On most browsers, you will see a "Browse..." button, which will bring up your operating system's standard file open dialog. Choosing a file will fill the name of that file into the text field next to the button. You must also check the box affirming that you are not violating any copyrights by uploading the file. Press the "Upload" button to finish the upload. This may take some time if you have a slow internet connection. The preferred formats are JPEG for photographic images, PNG for drawings and other iconic images, and OGG for sounds. Please name your files descriptively to avoid confusion. To include the image in a page, use a link in the form '''<nowiki>[[{{ns:6}}:file.jpg]]</nowiki>''' or '''<nowiki>[[{{ns:6}}:file.png|alt text]]</nowiki>''' or '''<nowiki>[[{{ns:-2}}:file.ogg]]</nowiki>''' for sounds. Please note that as with wiki pages, others may edit or delete your uploads if they think it serves the project, and you may be blocked from uploading if you abuse the system. 2943 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default '''STOP!''' Before you upload here, make sure to read and follow the [[Project:Image use policy|image use policy]]. To view or search previously uploaded images, go to the [[Special:Imagelist|list of uploaded images]]. Uploads and deletions are logged on the [[Project:Upload log|upload log]]. Use the form below to upload new image files for use in illustrating your pages. On most browsers, you will see a "Browse..." button, which will bring up your operating system's standard file open dialog. Choosing a file will fill the name of that file into the text field next to the button. You must also check the box affirming that you are not violating any copyrights by uploading the file. Press the "Upload" button to finish the upload. This may take some time if you have a slow internet connection. The preferred formats are JPEG for photographic images, PNG for drawings and other iconic images, and OGG for sounds. Please name your files descriptively to avoid confusion. To include the image in a page, use a link in the form '''<nowiki>[[{{ns:6}}:file.jpg]]</nowiki>''' or '''<nowiki>[[{{ns:6}}:file.png|alt text]]</nowiki>''' or '''<nowiki>[[{{ns:-2}}:file.ogg]]</nowiki>''' for sounds. Please note that as with wiki pages, others may edit or delete your uploads if they think it serves the project, and you may be blocked from uploading if you abuse the system. 4102 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default Use the form below to upload new files, to view or search previously uploaded images go to the [[Special:Imagelist|list of uploaded files]], uploads and deletions are also logged in the [[Special:Log|project log]]. You must also check the box affirming that you are not violating any copyrights by uploading the file. Press the "Upload" button to finish the upload. To include the image in a page, use a link in the form '''<nowiki>[[{{ns:6}}:file.jpg]]</nowiki>''', '''<nowiki>[[{{ns:6}}:file.png|alt text]]</nowiki>''' or '''<nowiki>[[{{ns:-2}}:file.ogg]]</nowiki>''' for directly linking to the file. 4240 2005-07-29T11:09:19Z MediaWiki default Use the form below to upload new files, to view or search previously uploaded images go to the [[Special:Imagelist|list of uploaded files]], uploads and deletions are also logged in the [[Special:Log|project log]]. You must also check the box affirming that you are not violating any copyrights by uploading the file. Press the "Upload" button to finish the upload. To include the image in a page, use a link in the form '''<nowiki>[[{{ns:6}}:file.jpg]]</nowiki>''', '''<nowiki>[[{{ns:6}}:file.png|alt text]]</nowiki>''' or '''<nowiki>[[{{ns:-2}}:file.ogg]]</nowiki>''' for directly linking to the file. 4279 2005-08-19T23:37:33Z MediaWiki default Use the form below to upload new files, to view or search previously uploaded images go to the [[Special:Imagelist|list of uploaded files]], uploads and deletions are also logged in the [[Special:Log|project log]]. You must also check the box affirming that you are not violating any copyrights by uploading the file. Press the "Upload" button to finish the upload. To include the image in a page, use a link in the form '''<nowiki>[[{{ns:6}}:file.jpg]]</nowiki>''', '''<nowiki>[[{{ns:6}}:file.png|alt text]]</nowiki>''' or '''<nowiki>[[{{ns:-2}}:file.ogg]]</nowiki>''' for directly linking to the file. 4322 2005-09-05T09:54:34Z MediaWiki default Use the form below to upload files, to view or search previously uploaded images go to the [[Special:Imagelist|list of uploaded files]], uploads and deletions are also logged in the [[Special:Log/upload|upload log]]. To include the image in a page, use a link in the form '''<nowiki>[[{{ns:6}}:file.jpg]]</nowiki>''', '''<nowiki>[[{{ns:6}}:file.png|alt text]]</nowiki>''' or '''<nowiki>[[{{ns:-2}}:file.ogg]]</nowiki>''' for directly linking to the file. 4569 2005-11-09T23:10:59Z MediaWiki default Use the form below to upload files, to view or search previously uploaded images go to the [[Special:Imagelist|list of uploaded files]], uploads and deletions are also logged in the [[Special:Log/upload|upload log]]. To include the image in a page, use a link in the form '''<nowiki>[[{{ns:6}}:file.jpg]]</nowiki>''', '''<nowiki>[[{{ns:6}}:file.png|alt text]]</nowiki>''' or '''<nowiki>[[{{ns:-2}}:file.ogg]]</nowiki>''' for directly linking to the file. 4623 2005-11-29T21:33:25Z MediaWiki default Use the form below to upload files, to view or search previously uploaded images go to the [[Special:Imagelist|list of uploaded files]], uploads and deletions are also logged in the [[Special:Log/upload|upload log]]. To include the image in a page, use a link in the form '''<nowiki>[[{{ns:6}}:file.jpg]]</nowiki>''', '''<nowiki>[[{{ns:6}}:file.png|alt text]]</nowiki>''' or '''<nowiki>[[{{ns:-2}}:file.ogg]]</nowiki>''' for directly linking to the file. 4671 2005-12-02T02:44:10Z MediaWiki default Use the form below to upload files, to view or search previously uploaded images go to the [[Special:Imagelist|list of uploaded files]], uploads and deletions are also logged in the [[Special:Log/upload|upload log]]. To include the image in a page, use a link in the form '''<nowiki>[[{{ns:6}}:file.jpg]]</nowiki>''', '''<nowiki>[[{{ns:6}}:file.png|alt text]]</nowiki>''' or '''<nowiki>[[{{ns:-2}}:file.ogg]]</nowiki>''' for directly linking to the file. 4696 2005-12-02T04:16:57Z MediaWiki default Use the form below to upload files, to view or search previously uploaded images go to the [[Special:Imagelist|list of uploaded files]], uploads and deletions are also logged in the [[Special:Log/upload|upload log]]. To include the image in a page, use a link in the form '''<nowiki>[[{{ns:6}}:file.jpg]]</nowiki>''', '''<nowiki>[[{{ns:6}}:file.png|alt text]]</nowiki>''' or '''<nowiki>[[{{ns:-2}}:file.ogg]]</nowiki>''' for directly linking to the file. 4748 2005-12-22T07:39:47Z MediaWiki default Use the form below to upload files, to view or search previously uploaded images go to the [[Special:Imagelist|list of uploaded files]], uploads and deletions are also logged in the [[Special:Log/upload|upload log]]. To include the image in a page, use a link in the form '''<nowiki>[[{{ns:6}}:file.jpg]]</nowiki>''', '''<nowiki>[[{{ns:6}}:file.png|alt text]]</nowiki>''' or '''<nowiki>[[{{ns:-2}}:file.ogg]]</nowiki>''' for directly linking to the file. 5910 2006-07-01T19:07:52Z MediaWiki default Use the form below to upload files, to view or search previously uploaded images go to the [[Special:Imagelist|list of uploaded files]], uploads and deletions are also logged in the [[Special:Log/upload|upload log]]. To include the image in a page, use a link in the form '''<nowiki>[[{{ns:image}}:File.jpg]]</nowiki>''', '''<nowiki>[[{{ns:image}}:File.png|alt text]]</nowiki>''' or '''<nowiki>[[{{ns:media}}:File.ogg]]</nowiki>''' for directly linking to the file. MediaWiki:Uploadlog 377 sysop 858 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default upload log 1562 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default upload log 2463 2004-12-23T05:42:20Z MediaWiki default upload log 2944 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default upload log MediaWiki:Uploadlogpage 378 sysop 859 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Upload_log 1563 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Upload_log 2464 2004-12-23T05:42:20Z MediaWiki default Upload_log 2945 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Upload_log 5908 2006-07-01T19:07:52Z MediaWiki default Upload log MediaWiki:Uploadlogpagetext 379 sysop 860 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of the most recent file uploads. All times shown are server time (UTC). <ul> </ul> 1564 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of the most recent file uploads. All times shown are server time (UTC). <ul> </ul> 2465 2004-12-23T05:42:20Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of the most recent file uploads. 2946 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of the most recent file uploads. MediaWiki:Filename 380 sysop 370 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Filename 1117 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Filename 1875 2004-12-23T05:41:10Z MediaWiki default Filename 2947 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Filename MediaWiki:Filedesc 381 sysop 369 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Summary 1116 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Summary 1872 2004-12-23T05:41:10Z MediaWiki default Summary 2948 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Summary MediaWiki:Filestatus 382 sysop 374 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Copyright status 1121 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Copyright status 1879 2004-12-23T05:41:12Z MediaWiki default Copyright status 2949 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Copyright status MediaWiki:Filesource 383 sysop 373 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Source 1120 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Source 1878 2004-12-23T05:41:12Z MediaWiki default Source 2950 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Source MediaWiki:Affirmation 384 sysop 209 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default I affirm that the copyright holder of this file agrees to license it under the terms of the $1. 958 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default I affirm that the copyright holder of this file agrees to license it under the terms of the $1. 1673 2004-12-23T05:40:46Z MediaWiki default I affirm that the copyright holder of this file agrees to license it under the terms of the $1. 2951 2005-06-25T11:23:01Z MediaWiki default I affirm that the copyright holder of this file agrees to license it under the terms of the $1. MediaWiki:Copyrightpage 385 sysop 290 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia:Copyrights 1038 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia:Copyrights 1775 2004-12-23T05:41:02Z MediaWiki default Project:Copyrights 2952 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Project:Copyrights MediaWiki:Copyrightpagename 386 sysop 291 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default MediaWiki copyright 1039 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia copyright 1776 2004-12-23T05:41:02Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} copyright 2953 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} copyright MediaWiki:Uploadedfiles 387 sysop 853 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Uploaded files 1557 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Uploaded files 2458 2004-12-23T05:42:19Z MediaWiki default Uploaded files 2954 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Uploaded files MediaWiki:Noaffirmation 388 sysop 546 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default You must affirm that your upload does not violate any copyrights. 1292 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default You must affirm that your upload does not violate any copyrights. 2088 2004-12-23T05:41:36Z MediaWiki default You must affirm that your upload does not violate any copyrights. 2955 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default You must affirm that your upload does not violate any copyrights. MediaWiki:Ignorewarning 389 sysop 394 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Ignore warning and save file anyway. 1140 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Ignore warning and save file anyway. 1901 2004-12-23T05:41:15Z MediaWiki default Ignore warning and save file anyway. 2956 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Ignore warning and save file anyway. MediaWiki:Minlength 390 sysop 504 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Image names must be at least three letters. 1250 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Image names must be at least three letters. 2033 2004-12-23T05:41:31Z MediaWiki default Image names must be at least three letters. 2957 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Image names must be at least three letters. 4201 2005-07-29T11:09:17Z MediaWiki default File names must be at least three letters. MediaWiki:Badfilename 391 sysop 229 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Image name has been changed to "$1". 978 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Image name has been changed to "$1". 1709 2004-12-23T05:40:53Z MediaWiki default Image name has been changed to "$1". 2958 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Image name has been changed to "$1". 4177 2005-07-29T11:09:15Z MediaWiki default File name has been changed to "$1". MediaWiki:Badfiletype 392 sysop 230 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default ".$1" is not a recommended image file format. 979 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default ".$1" is not a recommended image file format. 1710 2004-12-23T05:40:53Z MediaWiki default ".$1" is not a recommended image file format. 2959 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default ".$1" is not a recommended image file format. MediaWiki:Largefile 393 sysop 433 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default It is recommended that images not exceed 100k in size. 1179 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default It is recommended that images not exceed 100k in size. 1950 2004-12-23T05:41:19Z MediaWiki default It is recommended that images not exceed 100k in size. 2960 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default It is recommended that images not exceed 100k in size. 4008 2005-07-03T13:47:13Z MediaWiki default It is recommended that images not exceed $1 bytes in size, this file is $2 bytes 5828 2006-07-01T19:07:51Z MediaWiki default It is recommended that files do not exceed $1 bytes in size; this file is $2 bytes MediaWiki:Successfulupload 394 sysop 751 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Successful upload 1494 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Successful upload 2365 2004-12-23T05:42:05Z MediaWiki default Successful upload 2961 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Successful upload MediaWiki:Fileuploaded 395 sysop 375 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default File "$1" uploaded successfully. Please follow this link: $2 to the description page and fill in information about the file, such as where it came from, when it was created and by whom, and anything else you may know about it. 1122 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default File "$1" uploaded successfully. Please follow this link: $2 to the description page and fill in information about the file, such as where it came from, when it was created and by whom, and anything else you may know about it. 1880 2004-12-23T05:41:12Z MediaWiki default File $1 uploaded successfully. Please follow this link: $2 to the description page and fill in information about the file, such as where it came from, when it was created and by whom, and anything else you may know about it. If this is an image, you can insert it like this: <tt><nowiki>[[Image:$1|thumb|Description]]</nowiki></tt> 2962 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default File $1 uploaded successfully. Please follow this link: $2 to the description page and fill in information about the file, such as where it came from, when it was created and by whom, and anything else you may know about it. If this is an image, you can insert it like this: <tt><nowiki>[[Image:$1|thumb|Description]]</nowiki></tt> MediaWiki:Uploadwarning 396 sysop 864 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Upload warning 1568 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Upload warning 2469 2004-12-23T05:42:20Z MediaWiki default Upload warning 2963 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Upload warning MediaWiki:Savefile 397 sysop 702 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Save file 1448 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Save file 2269 2004-12-23T05:41:57Z MediaWiki default Save file 2964 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Save file MediaWiki:Uploadedimage 398 sysop 854 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default uploaded "$1" 1558 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default uploaded "$1" 2459 2004-12-23T05:42:20Z MediaWiki default uploaded "$1" 2965 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default uploaded "$1" 4098 2005-07-03T13:47:14Z MediaWiki default uploaded "[[$1]]" MediaWiki:Uploaddisabled 399 sysop 852 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Sorry, uploading is disabled. 1556 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Sorry, uploading is disabled. 2457 2004-12-23T05:42:19Z MediaWiki default Sorry, uploading is disabled. 2966 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Sorry, uploading is disabled. 4922 2006-02-26T02:05:32Z MediaWiki default Uploads disabled MediaWiki:Imagelist 400 sysop 400 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Image list 1146 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Image list 1908 2004-12-23T05:41:15Z MediaWiki default Image list 2967 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Image list 3992 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default File list MediaWiki:Imagelisttext 401 sysop 401 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of $1 images sorted $2. 1147 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of $1 images sorted $2. 1909 2004-12-23T05:41:15Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of $1 images sorted $2. 2968 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of $1 images sorted $2. 3994 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of $1 files sorted $2. 5812 2006-07-01T19:07:51Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of '''$1''' {{plural:$1|file|files}} sorted $2. MediaWiki:Getimagelist 402 sysop 378 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default fetching image list 1124 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default fetching image list 1884 2004-12-23T05:41:12Z MediaWiki default fetching image list 2969 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default fetching image list 3964 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default fetching file list MediaWiki:Ilshowmatch 403 sysop 395 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Show all images with names matching 1141 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Show all images with names matching 1903 2004-12-23T05:41:15Z MediaWiki default Show all images with names matching 2970 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Show all images with names matching MediaWiki:Ilsubmit 404 sysop 396 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Search 1142 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Search 1904 2004-12-23T05:41:15Z MediaWiki default Search 2971 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Search MediaWiki:Showlast 405 sysop 728 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Show last $1 images sorted $2. 1471 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Show last $1 images sorted $2. 2299 2004-12-23T05:41:59Z MediaWiki default Show last $1 images sorted $2. 2972 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Show last $1 images sorted $2. 4072 2005-07-03T13:47:14Z MediaWiki default Show last $1 files sorted $2. MediaWiki:All 406 sysop 210 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default all 959 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default all 1674 2004-12-23T05:40:46Z MediaWiki default all 2973 2005-06-25T11:23:01Z MediaWiki default all MediaWiki:Byname 407 sysop 262 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default by name 1011 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default by name 1744 2004-12-23T05:41:00Z MediaWiki default by name 2974 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default by name MediaWiki:Bydate 408 sysop 261 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default by date 1010 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default by date 1743 2004-12-23T05:41:00Z MediaWiki default by date 2975 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default by date MediaWiki:Bysize 409 sysop 263 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default by size 1012 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default by size 1745 2004-12-23T05:41:01Z MediaWiki default by size 2976 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default by size MediaWiki:Imgdelete 410 sysop 404 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default del 1150 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default del 1913 2004-12-23T05:41:16Z MediaWiki default del 2977 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default del MediaWiki:Imgdesc 411 sysop 405 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default desc 1151 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default desc 1914 2004-12-23T05:41:16Z MediaWiki default desc 2978 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default desc MediaWiki:Imglegend 412 sysop 408 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Legend: (desc) = show/edit image description. 1154 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Legend: (desc) = show/edit image description. 1917 2004-12-23T05:41:16Z MediaWiki default Legend: (desc) = show/edit image description. 2979 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Legend: (desc) = show/edit image description. 4198 2005-07-29T11:09:16Z MediaWiki default Legend: (desc) = show/edit file description. MediaWiki:Imghistory 413 sysop 407 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Image history 1153 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Image history 1916 2004-12-23T05:41:16Z MediaWiki default Image history 2980 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Image history 3996 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default History 4197 2005-07-29T11:09:16Z MediaWiki default File history MediaWiki:Revertimg 414 sysop 687 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default rev 1433 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default rev 2252 2004-12-23T05:41:55Z MediaWiki default rev 2981 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default rev MediaWiki:Deleteimg 415 sysop 311 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default del 1059 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default del 1806 2004-12-23T05:41:04Z MediaWiki default del 2982 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default del MediaWiki:Imghistlegend 416 sysop 406 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Legend: (cur) = this is the current image, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. Click on date to see image uploaded on that date. 1152 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Legend: (cur) = this is the current image, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. Click on date to see image uploaded on that date. 1915 2004-12-23T05:41:16Z MediaWiki default Legend: (cur) = this is the current image, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. Click on date to see image uploaded on that date. 2983 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Legend: (cur) = this is the current image, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. Click on date to see image uploaded on that date. 3995 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. Click on date to see the file uploaded on that date. MediaWiki:Imagelinks 417 sysop 399 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Image links 1145 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Image links 1907 2004-12-23T05:41:15Z MediaWiki default Image links 2984 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Image links 3991 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Links MediaWiki:Linkstoimage 418 sysop 442 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default The following pages link to this image: 1188 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default The following pages link to this image: 1959 2004-12-23T05:41:22Z MediaWiki default The following pages link to this image: 2985 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default The following pages link to this image: 4009 2005-07-03T13:47:13Z MediaWiki default The following pages link to this file: MediaWiki:Nolinkstoimage 419 sysop 562 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default There are no pages that link to this image. 1308 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default There are no pages that link to this image. 2106 2004-12-23T05:41:38Z MediaWiki default There are no pages that link to this image. 2986 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default There are no pages that link to this image. 4032 2005-07-03T13:47:13Z MediaWiki default There are no pages that link to this file. MediaWiki:Statistics 420 sysop 745 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Statistics 1488 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Statistics 2357 2004-12-23T05:42:03Z MediaWiki default Statistics 2987 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Statistics MediaWiki:Sitestats 421 sysop 732 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Site statistics 1475 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Site statistics 2338 2004-12-23T05:42:01Z MediaWiki default Site statistics 2988 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Site statistics 4219 2005-07-29T11:09:18Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} statistics MediaWiki:Userstats 422 sysop 875 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default User statistics 1578 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default User statistics 2494 2004-12-23T05:42:24Z MediaWiki default User statistics 2989 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default User statistics MediaWiki:Sitestatstext 423 sysop 733 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default There are '''$1''' total pages in the database. This includes "talk" pages, pages about MediaWiki, minimal "stub" pages, redirects, and others that probably don't qualify as articles. Excluding those, there are '''$2''' pages that are probably legitimate articles. There have been a total of '''$3''' page views, and '''$4''' page edits since the wiki was setup. That comes to '''$5''' average edits per page, and '''$6''' views per edit. 1476 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default There are '''$1''' total pages in the database. This includes "talk" pages, pages about Wikipedia, minimal "stub" pages, redirects, and others that probably don't qualify as content pages. Excluding those, there are '''$2''' pages that are probably legitimate content pages. There have been a total of '''$3''' page views, and '''$4''' page edits since the wiki was setup. That comes to '''$5''' average edits per page, and '''$6''' views per edit. 2339 2004-12-23T05:42:01Z MediaWiki default There are '''$1''' total pages in the database. This includes "talk" pages, pages about {{SITENAME}}, minimal "stub" pages, redirects, and others that probably don't qualify as content pages. Excluding those, there are '''$2''' pages that are probably legitimate content pages. There have been a total of '''$3''' page views, and '''$4''' page edits since the wiki was setup. That comes to '''$5''' average edits per page, and '''$6''' views per edit. 2990 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default There are '''$1''' total pages in the database. This includes "talk" pages, pages about {{SITENAME}}, minimal "stub" pages, redirects, and others that probably don't qualify as content pages. Excluding those, there are '''$2''' pages that are probably legitimate content pages. There have been a total of '''$3''' page views, and '''$4''' page edits since the wiki was setup. That comes to '''$5''' average edits per page, and '''$6''' views per edit. 4913 2006-02-26T02:05:31Z MediaWiki default There are '''$1''' total pages in the database. This includes "talk" pages, pages about {{SITENAME}}, minimal "stub" pages, redirects, and others that probably don't qualify as content pages. Excluding those, there are '''$2''' pages that are probably legitimate content pages. There have been a total of '''$3''' page views, and '''$4''' page edits since the wiki was setup. That comes to '''$5''' average edits per page, and '''$6''' views per edit. The [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Job_queue job queue] length is '''$7'''. 5009 2006-03-28T06:33:46Z MediaWiki default There are '''$1''' total pages in the database. This includes "talk" pages, pages about {{SITENAME}}, minimal "stub" pages, redirects, and others that probably don't qualify as content pages. Excluding those, there are '''$2''' pages that are probably legitimate content pages. '''$8''' files have been uploaded. There have been a total of '''$3''' page views, and '''$4''' page edits since the wiki was setup. That comes to '''$5''' average edits per page, and '''$6''' views per edit. The [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Job_queue job queue] length is '''$7'''. MediaWiki:Userstatstext 424 sysop 876 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default There are '''$1''' registered users. '''$2''' of these are administrators (see $3). 1579 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default There are '''$1''' registered users. '''$2''' of these are administrators (see $3). 2495 2004-12-23T05:42:24Z MediaWiki default There are '''$1''' registered users. '''$2''' of these are administrators (see $3). 2991 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default There are '''$1''' registered users. '''$2''' of these are administrators (see $3). 4112 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default There are '''$1''' registered users, of which '''$2''' (or '''$4%''') are administrators (see $3). MediaWiki:Maintenance 425 sysop 479 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Maintenance page 1225 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Maintenance page 1999 2004-12-23T05:41:27Z MediaWiki default Maintenance page 2992 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Maintenance page MediaWiki:Maintnancepagetext 426 sysop 481 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default This page includes several handy tools for everyday maintenance. Some of these functions tend to stress the database, so please do not hit reload after every item you fixed ;-) 1227 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default This page includes several handy tools for everyday maintenance. Some of these functions tend to stress the database, so please do not hit reload after every item you fixed ;-) 2001 2004-12-23T05:41:28Z MediaWiki default This page includes several handy tools for everyday maintenance. Some of these functions tend to stress the database, so please do not hit reload after every item you fixed ;-) 2993 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default This page includes several handy tools for everyday maintenance. Some of these functions tend to stress the database, so please do not hit reload after every item you fixed ;-) MediaWiki:Maintenancebacklink 427 sysop 480 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Back to Maintenance Page 1226 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Back to Maintenance Page 2000 2004-12-23T05:41:28Z MediaWiki default Back to Maintenance Page 2994 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Back to Maintenance Page MediaWiki:Disambiguations 428 sysop 323 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Disambiguation pages 1070 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Disambiguation pages 1819 2004-12-23T05:41:06Z MediaWiki default Disambiguation pages 2995 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Disambiguation pages MediaWiki:Disambiguationspage 429 sysop 324 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia:Links_to_disambiguating_pages 1071 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia:Links_to_disambiguating_pages 1820 2004-12-23T05:41:06Z MediaWiki default Project:Links_to_disambiguating_pages 2996 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Project:Links_to_disambiguating_pages 4183 2005-07-29T11:09:15Z MediaWiki default Template:disambig MediaWiki:Disambiguationstext 430 sysop 325 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default The following articles link to a disambiguation page. They should link to the appropriate topic instead. A page is treated as dismbiguation if it is linked from $1. Links from other namespaces are not listed here. 1072 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default The following pages link to a disambiguation page. They should link to the appropriate topic instead. A page is treated as dismbiguation if it is linked from $1. Links from other namespaces are not listed here. 1821 2004-12-23T05:41:06Z MediaWiki default The following pages link to a disambiguation page. They should link to the appropriate topic instead. A page is treated as dismbiguation if it is linked from $1. Links from other namespaces are not listed here. 2997 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default The following pages link to a disambiguation page. They should link to the appropriate topic instead. A page is treated as disambiguation if it is linked from $1. Links from other namespaces are not listed here. MediaWiki:Doubleredirects 431 sysop 328 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Double Redirects 1075 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Double Redirects 1824 2004-12-23T05:41:06Z MediaWiki default Double Redirects 2998 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Double Redirects 4184 2005-07-29T11:09:15Z MediaWiki default Double redirects MediaWiki:Doubleredirectstext 432 sysop 329 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Attention: This list may contain false positives. That usually means there is additional text with links below the first #REDIRECT. Each row contains links to the first and second redirect, as well as the first line of the second redirect text, usually giving the "real" taget article, which the first redirect should point to. 1076 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Attention: This list may contain false positives. That usually means there is additional text with links below the first #REDIRECT. Each row contains links to the first and second redirect, as well as the first line of the second redirect text, usually giving the "real" target page, which the first redirect should point to. 1825 2004-12-23T05:41:07Z MediaWiki default Attention: This list may contain false positives. That usually means there is additional text with links below the first #REDIRECT. Each row contains links to the first and second redirect, as well as the first line of the second redirect text, usually giving the "real" target page, which the first redirect should point to. 2999 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Each row contains links to the first and second redirect, as well as the first line of the second redirect text, usually giving the "real" target page, which the first redirect should point to. MediaWiki:Brokenredirects 433 sysop 253 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Broken Redirects 1002 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Broken Redirects 1735 2004-12-23T05:41:00Z MediaWiki default Broken Redirects 3000 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Broken Redirects 4883 2006-02-26T02:05:30Z MediaWiki default Broken redirects MediaWiki:Brokenredirectstext 434 sysop 254 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default The following redirects link to a non-existing article. 1003 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default The following redirects link to a non-existing pages. 1736 2004-12-23T05:41:00Z MediaWiki default The following redirects link to a non-existing pages. 3001 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default The following redirects link to a non-existing pages. 4884 2006-02-26T02:05:30Z MediaWiki default The following redirects link to non-existent pages: MediaWiki:Selflinks 435 sysop 716 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Pages with Self Links 1459 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Pages with Self Links 2283 2004-12-23T05:41:58Z MediaWiki default Pages with Self Links 3002 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Pages with Self Links 4907 2006-02-26T02:05:31Z MediaWiki default Self-linking pages MediaWiki:Selflinkstext 436 sysop 717 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default The following pages contain a link to themselves, which they should not. 1460 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default The following pages contain a link to themselves, which they should not. 2284 2004-12-23T05:41:58Z MediaWiki default The following pages contain a link to themselves, which they should not. 3003 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default The following pages contain a link to themselves, which they should not. 4908 2006-02-26T02:05:31Z MediaWiki default The following pages link to themselves: MediaWiki:Mispeelings 437 sysop 507 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Pages with misspellings 1253 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Pages with misspellings 2036 2004-12-23T05:41:31Z MediaWiki default Pages with misspellings 3004 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Pages with misspellings MediaWiki:Mispeelingstext 438 sysop 509 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default The following pages contain a common misspelling, which are listed on $1. The correct spelling might be given (like this). 1255 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default The following pages contain a common misspelling, which are listed on $1. The correct spelling might be given (like this). 2038 2004-12-23T05:41:31Z MediaWiki default The following pages contain a common misspelling, which are listed on $1. The correct spelling might be given (like this). 3005 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default The following pages contain a common misspelling, which are listed on $1. The correct spelling might be given (like this). MediaWiki:Mispeelingspage 439 sysop 508 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default List of common misspellings 1254 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default List of common misspellings 2037 2004-12-23T05:41:31Z MediaWiki default List of common misspellings 3006 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default List of common misspellings MediaWiki:Missinglanguagelinks 440 sysop 512 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Missing Language Links 1258 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Missing Language Links 2041 2004-12-23T05:41:31Z MediaWiki default Missing Language Links 3007 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Missing Language Links MediaWiki:Missinglanguagelinksbutton 441 sysop 513 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Find missing language links for 1259 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Find missing language links for 2042 2004-12-23T05:41:31Z MediaWiki default Find missing language links for 3008 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Find missing language links for MediaWiki:Missinglanguagelinkstext 442 sysop 514 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default These articles do not link to their counterpart in $1. Redirects and subpages are not shown. 1260 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default These pages do not link to their counterpart in $1. Redirects and subpages are not shown. 2043 2004-12-23T05:41:31Z MediaWiki default These pages do not link to their counterpart in $1. Redirects and subpages are not shown. 3009 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default These pages do not link to their counterpart in $1. Redirects and subpages are not shown. MediaWiki:Orphans 443 sysop 595 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Orphaned pages 1341 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Orphaned pages 2150 2004-12-23T05:41:41Z MediaWiki default Orphaned pages 3010 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Orphaned pages MediaWiki:Lonelypages 444 sysop 469 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Orphaned pages 1215 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Orphaned pages 1989 2004-12-23T05:41:27Z MediaWiki default Orphaned pages 3011 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Orphaned pages MediaWiki:Unusedimages 445 sysop 845 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Unused images 1549 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Unused images 2449 2004-12-23T05:42:19Z MediaWiki default Unused images 3012 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Unused images 4096 2005-07-03T13:47:14Z MediaWiki default Unused files MediaWiki:Popularpages 446 sysop 608 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Popular pages 1354 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Popular pages 2164 2004-12-23T05:41:43Z MediaWiki default Popular pages 3013 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Popular pages MediaWiki:Nviews 447 sysop 591 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default $1 views 1337 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default $1 views 2144 2004-12-23T05:41:41Z MediaWiki default $1 views 3014 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default $1 views 5848 2006-07-01T19:07:51Z MediaWiki default $1 {{PLURAL:$1|view|views}} MediaWiki:Wantedpages 448 sysop 882 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Wanted pages 1585 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Wanted pages 2528 2004-12-23T05:42:25Z MediaWiki default Wanted pages 3015 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Wanted pages MediaWiki:Nlinks 449 sysop 545 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default $1 links 1291 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default $1 links 2087 2004-12-23T05:41:36Z MediaWiki default $1 links 3016 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default $1 links 5840 2006-07-01T19:07:51Z MediaWiki default $1 {{PLURAL:$1|link|links}} MediaWiki:Allpages 450 sysop 213 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default All pages 962 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default All pages 1681 2004-12-23T05:40:48Z MediaWiki default All pages 3017 2005-06-25T11:23:01Z MediaWiki default All pages MediaWiki:Randompage 451 sysop 655 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Random page 1401 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Random page 2216 2004-12-23T05:41:50Z MediaWiki default Random page 3018 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Random page MediaWiki:Shortpages 452 sysop 723 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Short pages 1466 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Short pages 2293 2004-12-23T05:41:59Z MediaWiki default Short pages 3019 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Short pages MediaWiki:Longpages 453 sysop 470 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Long pages 1216 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Long pages 1990 2004-12-23T05:41:27Z MediaWiki default Long pages 3020 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Long pages MediaWiki:Deadendpages 454 sysop 303 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Dead-end pages 1051 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Dead-end pages 1794 2004-12-23T05:41:03Z MediaWiki default Dead-end pages 3021 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Dead-end pages MediaWiki:Listusers 455 sysop 445 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default User list 1191 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default User list 1964 2004-12-23T05:41:23Z MediaWiki default User list 3022 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default User list MediaWiki:Specialpages 456 sysop 741 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Special pages 1484 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Special pages 2353 2004-12-23T05:42:03Z MediaWiki default Special pages 3023 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Special pages MediaWiki:Spheading 457 sysop 742 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Special pages for all users 1485 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Special pages for all users 2354 2004-12-23T05:42:03Z MediaWiki default Special pages for all users 3024 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Special pages for all users MediaWiki:Sysopspheading 458 sysop 753 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default For sysop use only 3025 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default For sysop use only MediaWiki:Developerspheading 459 sysop 318 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default For developer use only 3026 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default For developer use only MediaWiki:Protectpage 460 sysop 638 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Protect page 1384 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Protect page 2197 2004-12-23T05:41:48Z MediaWiki default Protect page 3027 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Protect page MediaWiki:Recentchangeslinked 461 sysop 670 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Related changes 1416 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Related changes 2235 2004-12-23T05:41:53Z MediaWiki default Related changes 3028 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Related changes MediaWiki:Rclsub 462 sysop 662 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default (to pages linked from "$1") 1408 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default (to pages linked from "$1") 2224 2004-12-23T05:41:52Z MediaWiki default (to pages linked from "$1") 3029 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default (to pages linked from "$1") MediaWiki:Debug 463 sysop 304 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Debug 1052 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Debug 1795 2004-12-23T05:41:04Z MediaWiki default Debug 3030 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Debug MediaWiki:Newpages 464 sysop 539 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default New pages 1285 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default New pages 2077 2004-12-23T05:41:34Z MediaWiki default New pages 3031 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default New pages MediaWiki:Ancientpages 465 sysop 217 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Oldest articles 966 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Oldest pages 1691 2004-12-23T05:40:48Z MediaWiki default Oldest pages 3032 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Oldest pages MediaWiki:Intl 466 sysop 418 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Interlanguage links 1164 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Interlanguage links 1929 2004-12-23T05:41:17Z MediaWiki default Interlanguage links 3033 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Interlanguage links MediaWiki:Movethispage 467 sysop 526 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Move this page 1272 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Move this page 2056 2004-12-23T05:41:32Z MediaWiki default Move this page 3034 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Move this page MediaWiki:Unusedimagestext 468 sysop 846 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Please note that other web sites may link to an image with a direct URL, and so may still be listed here despite being in active use. 1550 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Please note that other web sites may link to an image with a direct URL, and so may still be listed here despite being in active use. 2450 2004-12-23T05:42:19Z MediaWiki default Please note that other web sites may link to an image with a direct URL, and so may still be listed here despite being in active use. 3035 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Please note that other web sites may link to an image with a direct URL, and so may still be listed here despite being in active use. MediaWiki:Booksources 469 sysop 251 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Book sources 1000 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Book sources 1733 2004-12-23T05:40:59Z MediaWiki default Book sources 3036 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Book sources MediaWiki:Booksourcetext 470 sysop 252 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of links to other sites that sell new and used books, and may also have further information about books you are looking for.MediaWiki is not affiliated with any of these businesses, and this list should not be construed as an endorsement. 1001 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of links to other sites that sell new and used books, and may also have further information about books you are looking for.Wikipedia is not affiliated with any of these businesses, and this list should not be construed as an endorsement. 1734 2004-12-23T05:40:59Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of links to other sites that sell new and used books, and may also have further information about books you are looking for. {{SITENAME}} is not affiliated with any of these businesses, and this list should not be construed as an endorsement. 3037 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of links to other sites that sell new and used books, and may also have further information about books you are looking for. {{SITENAME}} is not affiliated with any of these businesses, and this list should not be construed as an endorsement. 4179 2005-07-29T11:09:15Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of links to other sites that sell new and used books, and may also have further information about books you are looking for. MediaWiki:Alphaindexline 471 sysop 214 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default $1 to $2 963 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default $1 to $2 1688 2004-12-23T05:40:48Z MediaWiki default $1 to $2 3038 2005-06-25T11:23:01Z MediaWiki default $1 to $2 MediaWiki:Mailnologin 472 sysop 474 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default No send address 1220 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default No send address 1994 2004-12-23T05:41:27Z MediaWiki default No send address 3039 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default No send address MediaWiki:Mailnologintext 473 sysop 475 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default You must be <a href="{{localurl:Special:Userlogin">logged in</a> and have a valid e-mail address in your <a href="/wiki/Special:Preferences">preferences</a> to send e-mail to other users. 1221 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default You must be <a href="{{localurl:Special:Userlogin">logged in</a> and have a valid e-mail address in your <a href="/wiki/Special:Preferences">preferences</a> to send e-mail to other users. 1995 2004-12-23T05:41:27Z MediaWiki default You must be <a href="{{localurl:Special:Userlogin">logged in</a> and have a valid e-mail address in your <a href="{{localurl:Special:Preferences}}">preferences</a> to send e-mail to other users. 3040 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default You must be <a href="{{localurl:Special:Userlogin">logged in</a> and have a valid e-mail address in your <a href="{{localurl:Special:Preferences}}">preferences</a> to send e-mail to other users. 4013 2005-07-03T13:47:13Z MediaWiki default You must be [[Special:Userlogin|logged in]] and have a valid e-mail address in your [[Special:Preferences|preferences]] to send e-mail to other users. MediaWiki:Emailuser 474 sysop 351 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default E-mail this user 1098 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default E-mail this user 1851 2004-12-23T05:41:08Z MediaWiki default E-mail this user 3041 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default E-mail this user MediaWiki:Emailpage 475 sysop 344 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default E-mail user 1091 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default E-mail user 1844 2004-12-23T05:41:08Z MediaWiki default E-mail user 3042 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default E-mail user MediaWiki:Emailpagetext 476 sysop 345 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default If this user has entered a valid e-mail address in his or her user preferences, the form below will send a single message. The e-mail address you entered in your user preferences will appear as the "From" address of the mail, so the recipient will be able to reply. 1092 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default If this user has entered a valid e-mail address in his or her user preferences, the form below will send a single message. The e-mail address you entered in your user preferences will appear as the "From" address of the mail, so the recipient will be able to reply. 1845 2004-12-23T05:41:08Z MediaWiki default If this user has entered a valid e-mail address in his or her user preferences, the form below will send a single message. The e-mail address you entered in your user preferences will appear as the "From" address of the mail, so the recipient will be able to reply. 3043 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default If this user has entered a valid e-mail address in his or her user preferences, the form below will send a single message. The e-mail address you entered in your user preferences will appear as the "From" address of the mail, so the recipient will be able to reply. MediaWiki:Noemailtitle 477 sysop 558 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default No e-mail address 1304 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default No e-mail address 2101 2004-12-23T05:41:38Z MediaWiki default No e-mail address 3044 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default No e-mail address MediaWiki:Noemailtext 478 sysop 557 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default This user has not specified a valid e-mail address, or has chosen not to receive e-mail from other users. 1303 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default This user has not specified a valid e-mail address, or has chosen not to receive e-mail from other users. 2100 2004-12-23T05:41:38Z MediaWiki default This user has not specified a valid e-mail address, or has chosen not to receive e-mail from other users. 3045 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default This user has not specified a valid e-mail address, or has chosen not to receive e-mail from other users. MediaWiki:Emailfrom 479 sysop 342 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default From 1089 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default From 1842 2004-12-23T05:41:07Z MediaWiki default From 3046 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default From MediaWiki:Emailto 480 sysop 350 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default To 1097 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default To 1850 2004-12-23T05:41:08Z MediaWiki default To 3047 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default To MediaWiki:Emailsubject 481 sysop 349 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Subject 1096 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Subject 1849 2004-12-23T05:41:08Z MediaWiki default Subject 3048 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Subject MediaWiki:Emailmessage 482 sysop 343 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Message 1090 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Message 1843 2004-12-23T05:41:07Z MediaWiki default Message 3049 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Message MediaWiki:Emailsend 483 sysop 346 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Send 1093 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Send 1846 2004-12-23T05:41:08Z MediaWiki default Send 3050 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Send MediaWiki:Emailsent 484 sysop 347 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default E-mail sent 1094 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default E-mail sent 1847 2004-12-23T05:41:08Z MediaWiki default E-mail sent 3051 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default E-mail sent MediaWiki:Emailsenttext 485 sysop 348 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Your e-mail message has been sent. 1095 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Your e-mail message has been sent. 1848 2004-12-23T05:41:08Z MediaWiki default Your e-mail message has been sent. 3052 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Your e-mail message has been sent. MediaWiki:Watchlist 486 sysop 886 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default My watchlist 1589 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default My watchlist 2532 2004-12-23T05:42:25Z MediaWiki default My watchlist 3053 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default My watchlist MediaWiki:Watchlistsub 487 sysop 888 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default (for user "$1") 1591 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default (for user "$1") 2534 2004-12-23T05:42:25Z MediaWiki default (for user "$1") 3054 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default (for user "$1") MediaWiki:Nowatchlist 488 sysop 578 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default You have no items on your watchlist. 1324 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default You have no items on your watchlist. 2126 2004-12-23T05:41:40Z MediaWiki default You have no items on your watchlist. 3055 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default You have no items on your watchlist. MediaWiki:Watchnologin 489 sysop 892 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Not logged in 1595 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Not logged in 2538 2004-12-23T05:42:26Z MediaWiki default Not logged in 3056 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Not logged in MediaWiki:Watchnologintext 490 sysop 893 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default You must be <a href="/wiki/Special:Userlogin">logged in</a> to modify your watchlist. 1596 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default You must be <a href="/wiki/Special:Userlogin">logged in</a> to modify your watchlist. 2539 2004-12-23T05:42:26Z MediaWiki default You must be <a href="{{localurl:Special:Userlogin}}">logged in</a> to modify your watchlist. 3057 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default You must be <a href="{{localurl:Special:Userlogin}}">logged in</a> to modify your watchlist. 4149 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default You must be [[Special:Userlogin|logged in]] to modify your watchlist. 4245 2005-07-29T11:09:19Z MediaWiki default You must be [[Special:Userlogin|logged in]] to modify your watchlist. MediaWiki:Addedwatch 491 sysop 205 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Added to watchlist 954 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Added to watchlist 1668 2004-12-23T05:40:46Z MediaWiki default Added to watchlist 3058 2005-06-25T11:23:01Z MediaWiki default Added to watchlist MediaWiki:Addedwatchtext 492 sysop 206 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default The page "$1" has been added to your [[Special:Watchlist|watchlist]]. Future changes to this page and its associated Talk page will be listed there, and the page will appear '''bolded''' in the [[Special:Recentchanges|list of recent changes]] to make it easier to pick out. If you want to remove the page from your watchlist later, click "Stop watching" in the sidebar. 955 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default The page "$1" has been added to your [[Special:Watchlist|watchlist]]. Future changes to this page and its associated Talk page will be listed there, and the page will appear '''bolded''' in the [[Special:Recentchanges|list of recent changes]] to make it easier to pick out. If you want to remove the page from your watchlist later, click "Stop watching" in the sidebar. 1669 2004-12-23T05:40:46Z MediaWiki default The page "$1" has been added to your [[Special:Watchlist|watchlist]]. Future changes to this page and its associated Talk page will be listed there, and the page will appear '''bolded''' in the [[Special:Recentchanges|list of recent changes]] to make it easier to pick out. If you want to remove the page from your watchlist later, click "Stop watching" in the sidebar. 3059 2005-06-25T11:23:01Z MediaWiki default The page "$1" has been added to your [[Special:Watchlist|watchlist]]. Future changes to this page and its associated Talk page will be listed there, and the page will appear '''bolded''' in the [[Special:Recentchanges|list of recent changes]] to make it easier to pick out. If you want to remove the page from your watchlist later, click "Stop watching" in the sidebar. 4254 2005-08-19T23:37:30Z MediaWiki default The page "$1" has been added to your [[Special:Watchlist|watchlist]]. Future changes to this page and its associated Talk page will be listed there, and the page will appear '''bolded''' in the [[Special:Recentchanges|list of recent changes]] to make it easier to pick out. If you want to remove the page from your watchlist later, click "Unwatch" in the sidebar. 5759 2006-07-01T19:07:50Z MediaWiki default The page "[[:$1]]" has been added to your [[Special:Watchlist|watchlist]]. Future changes to this page and its associated Talk page will be listed there, and the page will appear '''bolded''' in the [[Special:Recentchanges|list of recent changes]] to make it easier to pick out. If you want to remove the page from your watchlist later, click "Unwatch" in the sidebar. MediaWiki:Removedwatch 493 sysop 675 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Removed from watchlist 1421 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Removed from watchlist 2240 2004-12-23T05:41:53Z MediaWiki default Removed from watchlist 3060 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Removed from watchlist MediaWiki:Removedwatchtext 494 sysop 676 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default The page "$1" has been removed from your watchlist. 1422 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default The page "$1" has been removed from your watchlist. 2241 2004-12-23T05:41:53Z MediaWiki default The page "$1" has been removed from your watchlist. 3061 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default The page "$1" has been removed from your watchlist. 5874 2006-07-01T19:07:52Z MediaWiki default The page "[[:$1]]" has been removed from your watchlist. MediaWiki:Watchthispage 495 sysop 895 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Watch this page 1598 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Watch this page 2541 2004-12-23T05:42:27Z MediaWiki default Watch this page 3062 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Watch this page MediaWiki:Unwatchthispage 496 sysop 848 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Stop watching 1552 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Stop watching 2452 2004-12-23T05:42:19Z MediaWiki default Stop watching 3063 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Stop watching MediaWiki:Notanarticle 497 sysop 571 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Not an article 1317 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Not a content page 2117 2004-12-23T05:41:39Z MediaWiki default Not a content page 3064 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Not a content page MediaWiki:Watchnochange 498 sysop 891 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default None of your watched items were edited in the time period displayed. 1594 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default None of your watched items were edited in the time period displayed. 2537 2004-12-23T05:42:26Z MediaWiki default None of your watched items were edited in the time period displayed. 3065 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default None of your watched items were edited in the time period displayed. 4244 2005-07-29T11:09:19Z MediaWiki default None of your watched items was edited in the time period displayed. MediaWiki:Watchdetails 499 sysop 884 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default ($1 pages watched not counting talk pages; $2 total pages edited since cutoff; $3... <a href='$4'>show and edit complete list</a>.) 1587 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default ($1 pages watched not counting talk pages; $2 total pages edited since cutoff; $3... <a href='$4'>show and edit complete list</a>.) 2530 2004-12-23T05:42:25Z MediaWiki default ($1 pages watched not counting talk pages; $2 total pages edited since cutoff; $3... <a href='$4'>show and edit complete list</a>.) 3066 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default ($1 pages watched not counting talk pages; $2 total pages edited since cutoff; $3... <a href='$4'>show and edit complete list</a>.) 4145 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default * $1 pages watched not counting talk pages * [[Special:Watchlist/edit|Show and edit complete watchlist]] 4243 2005-07-29T11:09:19Z MediaWiki default * $1 pages watched not counting talk pages * [[Special:Watchlist/edit|Show and edit complete watchlist]] 4281 2005-08-19T23:37:33Z MediaWiki default * $1 pages watched not counting talk pages * [[Special:Watchlist/edit|Show and edit complete watchlist]] 4327 2005-09-05T09:54:35Z MediaWiki default * $1 pages watched not counting talk pages * [[Special:Watchlist/edit|Show and edit complete watchlist]] 4576 2005-11-09T23:11:00Z MediaWiki default * $1 pages watched not counting talk pages * [[Special:Watchlist/edit|Show and edit complete watchlist]] 4626 2005-11-29T21:33:25Z MediaWiki default * $1 pages watched not counting talk pages * [[Special:Watchlist/edit|Show and edit complete watchlist]] 4676 2005-12-02T02:44:10Z MediaWiki default * $1 pages watched not counting talk pages * [[Special:Watchlist/edit|Show and edit complete watchlist]] 4699 2005-12-02T04:16:57Z MediaWiki default * $1 pages watched not counting talk pages * [[Special:Watchlist/edit|Show and edit complete watchlist]] 5913 2006-07-01T19:07:52Z MediaWiki default * $1 pages watched not counting talk pages * [[Special:Watchlist/edit|Show and edit complete watchlist]] * [[Special:Watchlist/clear|Remove all pages]] MediaWiki:Watchmethod-recent 500 sysop 890 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default checking recent edits for watched pages 1593 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default checking recent edits for watched pages 2536 2004-12-23T05:42:26Z MediaWiki default checking recent edits for watched pages 3067 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default checking recent edits for watched pages MediaWiki:Watchmethod-list 501 sysop 889 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default checking watched pages for recent edits 1592 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default checking watched pages for recent edits 2535 2004-12-23T05:42:25Z MediaWiki default checking watched pages for recent edits 3068 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default checking watched pages for recent edits MediaWiki:Removechecked 502 sysop 674 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Remove checked items from watchlist 1420 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Remove checked items from watchlist 2239 2004-12-23T05:41:53Z MediaWiki default Remove checked items from watchlist 3069 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Remove checked items from watchlist MediaWiki:Watchlistcontains 503 sysop 887 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Your watchlist contains $1 pages. 1590 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Your watchlist contains $1 pages. 2533 2004-12-23T05:42:25Z MediaWiki default Your watchlist contains $1 pages. 3070 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Your watchlist contains $1 pages. MediaWiki:Watcheditlist 504 sysop 885 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Here's an alphabetical list of your watched pages. Check the boxes of pages you want to remove from your watchlist and click the 'remove checked' button at the bottom of the screen. 1588 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Here's an alphabetical list of your watched pages. Check the boxes of pages you want to remove from your watchlist and click the 'remove checked' button at the bottom of the screen. 2531 2004-12-23T05:42:25Z MediaWiki default Here's an alphabetical list of your watched pages. Check the boxes of pages you want to remove from your watchlist and click the 'remove checked' button at the bottom of the screen. 3071 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Here's an alphabetical list of your watched pages. Check the boxes of pages you want to remove from your watchlist and click the 'remove checked' button at the bottom of the screen. 4146 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default Here's an alphabetical list of your watched content pages. Check the boxes of pages you want to remove from your watchlist and click the 'remove checked' button at the bottom of the screen (deleting a content page also deletes the accompanying talk page and vice versa). MediaWiki:Removingchecked 505 sysop 677 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Removing requested items from watchlist... 1423 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Removing requested items from watchlist... 2242 2004-12-23T05:41:55Z MediaWiki default Removing requested items from watchlist... 3072 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Removing requested items from watchlist... MediaWiki:Couldntremove 506 sysop 293 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Couldn't remove item '$1'... 1041 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Couldn't remove item '$1'... 1779 2004-12-23T05:41:02Z MediaWiki default Couldn't remove item '$1'... 3073 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Couldn't remove item '$1'... MediaWiki:Iteminvalidname 507 sysop 432 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Problem with item '$1', invalid name... 1178 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Problem with item '$1', invalid name... 1943 2004-12-23T05:41:19Z MediaWiki default Problem with item '$1', invalid name... 3074 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Problem with item '$1', invalid name... MediaWiki:Wlnote 508 sysop 906 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Below are the last $1 changes in the last $2 hours. 1609 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Below are the last $1 changes in the last $2 hours. 2553 2004-12-23T05:42:28Z MediaWiki default Below are the last $1 changes in the last $2 hours. 3075 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Below are the last $1 changes in the last $2 hours. MediaWiki:Wlshowlast 509 sysop 908 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Show last $1 hours $2 days $3 1611 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Show last $1 hours $2 days $3 2555 2004-12-23T05:42:29Z MediaWiki default Show last $1 hours $2 days $3 3076 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Show last $1 hours $2 days $3 MediaWiki:Wlsaved 510 sysop 907 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default This is a saved version of your watchlist. 1610 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default This is a saved version of your watchlist. 2554 2004-12-23T05:42:29Z MediaWiki default This is a saved version of your watchlist. 3077 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default This is a saved version of your watchlist. MediaWiki:Deletepage 511 sysop 312 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Delete page 1060 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Delete page 1808 2004-12-23T05:41:04Z MediaWiki default Delete page 3078 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Delete page MediaWiki:Confirm 512 sysop 276 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Confirm 1024 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Confirm 1761 2004-12-23T05:41:01Z MediaWiki default Confirm 3079 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Confirm MediaWiki:Excontent 513 sysop 357 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default content was: 1104 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default content was: 1858 2004-12-23T05:41:09Z MediaWiki default content was: 3080 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default content was: 3724 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default content was: '$1' MediaWiki:Exbeforeblank 514 sysop 355 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default content before blanking was: 1102 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default content before blanking was: 1856 2004-12-23T05:41:08Z MediaWiki default content before blanking was: 3081 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default content before blanking was: 3723 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default content before blanking was: '$1' MediaWiki:Exblank 515 sysop 356 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default page was empty 1103 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default page was empty 1857 2004-12-23T05:41:09Z MediaWiki default page was empty 3082 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default page was empty MediaWiki:Confirmdelete 516 sysop 278 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Confirm delete 1026 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Confirm delete 1763 2004-12-23T05:41:01Z MediaWiki default Confirm delete 3083 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Confirm delete MediaWiki:Deletesub 517 sysop 313 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default (Deleting "$1") 1061 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default (Deleting "$1") 1810 2004-12-23T05:41:04Z MediaWiki default (Deleting "$1") 3084 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default (Deleting "$1") MediaWiki:Historywarning 518 sysop 392 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Warning: The page you are about to delete has a history: 1138 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Warning: The page you are about to delete has a history: 1899 2004-12-23T05:41:15Z MediaWiki default Warning: The page you are about to delete has a history: 3085 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Warning: The page you are about to delete has a history: 4889 2006-02-26T02:05:30Z MediaWiki default Warning: The page you are about to delete has a history: MediaWiki:Confirmdeletetext 519 sysop 279 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default You are about to permanently delete a page or image along with all of its history from the database. Please confirm that you intend to do this, that you understand the consequences, and that you are doing this in accordance with [[Wikipedia:Policy]]. 1027 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default You are about to permanently delete a page or image along with all of its history from the database. Please confirm that you intend to do this, that you understand the consequences, and that you are doing this in accordance with [[Wikipedia:Policy]]. 1764 2004-12-23T05:41:02Z MediaWiki default You are about to permanently delete a page or image along with all of its history from the database. Please confirm that you intend to do this, that you understand the consequences, and that you are doing this in accordance with [[Project:Policy]]. 3086 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default You are about to permanently delete a page or image along with all of its history from the database. Please confirm that you intend to do this, that you understand the consequences, and that you are doing this in accordance with [[Project:Policy]]. 5779 2006-07-01T19:07:50Z MediaWiki default You are about to permanently delete a page or image along with all of its history from the database. Please confirm that you intend to do this, that you understand the consequences, and that you are doing this in accordance with [[{{ns:project}}:Policy]]. MediaWiki:Confirmcheck 520 sysop 277 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Yes, I really want to delete this. 1025 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Yes, I really want to delete this. 1762 2004-12-23T05:41:01Z MediaWiki default Yes, I really want to delete this. 3087 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Yes, I really want to delete this. MediaWiki:Actioncomplete 521 sysop 204 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Action complete 953 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Action complete 1667 2004-12-23T05:40:45Z MediaWiki default Action complete 3088 2005-06-25T11:23:01Z MediaWiki default Action complete MediaWiki:Deletedtext 522 sysop 310 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default "$1" has been deleted. See $2 for a record of recent deletions. 1058 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default "$1" has been deleted. See $2 for a record of recent deletions. 1805 2004-12-23T05:41:04Z MediaWiki default "$1" has been deleted. See $2 for a record of recent deletions. 3089 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default "$1" has been deleted. See $2 for a record of recent deletions. MediaWiki:Deletedarticle 523 sysop 309 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default deleted "$1" 1057 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default deleted "$1" 1803 2004-12-23T05:41:04Z MediaWiki default deleted "$1" 3090 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default deleted "$1" 3705 2005-07-03T13:47:10Z MediaWiki default deleted "[[$1]]" MediaWiki:Dellogpage 524 sysop 316 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Deletion_log 1064 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Deletion_log 1813 2004-12-23T05:41:05Z MediaWiki default Deletion_log 3091 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Deletion_log 5783 2006-07-01T19:07:50Z MediaWiki default Deletion log MediaWiki:Dellogpagetext 525 sysop 317 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of the most recent deletions. All times shown are server time (UTC). <ul> </ul> 1065 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of the most recent deletions. All times shown are server time (UTC). <ul> </ul> 1814 2004-12-23T05:41:05Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of the most recent deletions. 3092 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of the most recent deletions. MediaWiki:Deletionlog 526 sysop 315 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default deletion log 1063 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default deletion log 1812 2004-12-23T05:41:05Z MediaWiki default deletion log 3093 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default deletion log MediaWiki:Reverted 527 sysop 686 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Reverted to earlier revision 1432 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Reverted to earlier revision 2251 2004-12-23T05:41:55Z MediaWiki default Reverted to earlier revision 3094 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Reverted to earlier revision MediaWiki:Deletecomment 528 sysop 308 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Reason for deletion 1056 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Reason for deletion 1802 2004-12-23T05:41:04Z MediaWiki default Reason for deletion 3095 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Reason for deletion MediaWiki:Imagereverted 529 sysop 403 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Revert to earlier version was successful. 1149 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Revert to earlier version was successful. 1912 2004-12-23T05:41:16Z MediaWiki default Revert to earlier version was successful. 3096 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Revert to earlier version was successful. MediaWiki:Rollback 530 sysop 695 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Roll back edits 1441 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Roll back edits 2261 2004-12-23T05:41:57Z MediaWiki default Roll back edits 3097 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Roll back edits MediaWiki:Rollbacklink 531 sysop 698 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default rollback 1444 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default rollback 2264 2004-12-23T05:41:57Z MediaWiki default rollback 3098 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default rollback MediaWiki:Rollbackfailed 532 sysop 697 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Rollback failed 1443 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Rollback failed 2263 2004-12-23T05:41:57Z MediaWiki default Rollback failed 3099 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Rollback failed MediaWiki:Cantrollback 533 sysop 267 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Cannot revert edit; last contributor is only author of this article. 1016 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Cannot revert edit; last contributor is only author of this page. 1749 2004-12-23T05:41:01Z MediaWiki default Cannot revert edit; last contributor is only author of this page. 3100 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Cannot revert edit; last contributor is only author of this page. MediaWiki:Alreadyrolled 534 sysop 216 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Cannot rollback last edit of [[$1]] by [[User:$2|$2]] ([[User talk:$2|Talk]]); someone else has edited or rolled back the article already. Last edit was by [[User:$3|$3]] ([[User talk:$3|Talk]]). 965 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Cannot rollback last edit of [[$1]] by [[User:$2|$2]] ([[User talk:$2|Talk]]); someone else has edited or rolled back the page already. Last edit was by [[User:$3|$3]] ([[User talk:$3|Talk]]). 1690 2004-12-23T05:40:48Z MediaWiki default Cannot rollback last edit of [[$1]] by [[User:$2|$2]] ([[User talk:$2|Talk]]); someone else has edited or rolled back the page already. Last edit was by [[User:$3|$3]] ([[User talk:$3|Talk]]). 3101 2005-06-25T11:23:01Z MediaWiki default Cannot rollback last edit of [[$1]] by [[User:$2|$2]] ([[User talk:$2|Talk]]); someone else has edited or rolled back the page already. Last edit was by [[User:$3|$3]] ([[User talk:$3|Talk]]). 4877 2006-02-26T02:05:29Z MediaWiki default Cannot rollback last edit of [[$1]] by [[User:$2|$2]] ([[User talk:$2|Talk]]); someone else has edited or rolled back the page already. Last edit was by [[User:$3|$3]] ([[User talk:$3|Talk]]). MediaWiki:Editcomment 535 sysop 331 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default The edit comment was: "$1". 1078 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default The edit comment was: "$1". 1827 2004-12-23T05:41:07Z MediaWiki default The edit comment was: "$1". 3102 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default The edit comment was: "$1". MediaWiki:Revertpage 536 sysop 688 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Reverted edit of $2, changed back to last version by $1 1434 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Reverted edit of $2, changed back to last version by $1 2253 2004-12-23T05:41:55Z MediaWiki default Reverted edit of $2, changed back to last version by $1 3103 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Reverted edit of $2, changed back to last version by $1 5876 2006-07-01T19:07:52Z MediaWiki default Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/$2|$2]] ([[User_talk:$2|Talk]]); changed back to last version by [[User:$1|$1]] MediaWiki:Protectlogpage 537 sysop 636 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Protection_log 1382 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Protection_log 2194 2004-12-23T05:41:47Z MediaWiki default Protection_log 3104 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Protection_log 5864 2006-07-01T19:07:51Z MediaWiki default Protection log MediaWiki:Protectlogtext 538 sysop 637 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of page locks/unlocks. See [[Wikipedia:Protected page]] for more information. 1383 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of page locks/unlocks. See [[Wikipedia:Protected page]] for more information. 2195 2004-12-23T05:41:48Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of page locks/unlocks. See [[Project:Protected page]] for more information. 3105 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of page locks/unlocks. See [[Project:Protected page]] for more information. 5865 2006-07-01T19:07:51Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of page locks and unlocks. MediaWiki:Protectedarticle 539 sysop 632 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default protected [[$1]] 1378 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default protected [[$1]] 2190 2004-12-23T05:41:47Z MediaWiki default protected $1 3106 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default protected $1 4046 2005-07-03T13:47:14Z MediaWiki default protected "[[$1]]" MediaWiki:Unprotectedarticle 540 sysop 842 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default unprotected [[$1]] 1546 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default unprotected [[$1]] 2446 2004-12-23T05:42:18Z MediaWiki default unprotected $1 3107 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default unprotected $1 4095 2005-07-03T13:47:14Z MediaWiki default unprotected "[[$1]]" MediaWiki:Undelete 541 sysop 822 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Restore deleted page 1526 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Restore deleted page 2425 2004-12-23T05:42:14Z MediaWiki default Restore deleted page 3108 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Restore deleted page 4319 2005-09-05T09:54:34Z MediaWiki default View deleted pages MediaWiki:Undeletepage 542 sysop 829 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default View and restore deleted pages 1533 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default View and restore deleted pages 2433 2004-12-23T05:42:17Z MediaWiki default View and restore deleted pages 3109 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default View and restore deleted pages MediaWiki:Undeletepagetext 543 sysop 830 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default The following pages have been deleted but are still in the archive and can be restored. The archive may be periodically cleaned out. 1534 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default The following pages have been deleted but are still in the archive and can be restored. The archive may be periodically cleaned out. 2434 2004-12-23T05:42:17Z MediaWiki default The following pages have been deleted but are still in the archive and can be restored. The archive may be periodically cleaned out. 3110 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default The following pages have been deleted but are still in the archive and can be restored. The archive may be periodically cleaned out. MediaWiki:Undeletearticle 544 sysop 824 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Restore deleted article 1528 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Restore deleted page 2427 2004-12-23T05:42:15Z MediaWiki default Restore deleted page 3111 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Restore deleted page MediaWiki:Undeleterevisions 545 sysop 832 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default $1 revisions archived 1536 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default $1 revisions archived 2436 2004-12-23T05:42:18Z MediaWiki default $1 revisions archived 3112 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default $1 revisions archived MediaWiki:Undeletehistory 546 sysop 828 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default If you restore the page, all revisions will be restored to the history. If a new page with the same name has been created since the deletion, the restored revisions will appear in the prior history, and the current revision of the live page will not be automatically replaced. 1532 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default If you restore the page, all revisions will be restored to the history. If a new page with the same name has been created since the deletion, the restored revisions will appear in the prior history, and the current revision of the live page will not be automatically replaced. 2432 2004-12-23T05:42:17Z MediaWiki default If you restore the page, all revisions will be restored to the history. If a new page with the same name has been created since the deletion, the restored revisions will appear in the prior history, and the current revision of the live page will not be automatically replaced. 3113 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default If you restore the page, all revisions will be restored to the history. If a new page with the same name has been created since the deletion, the restored revisions will appear in the prior history, and the current revision of the live page will not be automatically replaced. MediaWiki:Undeleterevision 547 sysop 831 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Deleted revision as of $1 1535 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Deleted revision as of $1 2435 2004-12-23T05:42:17Z MediaWiki default Deleted revision as of $1 3114 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Deleted revision as of $1 MediaWiki:Undeletebtn 548 sysop 825 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Restore! 1529 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Restore! 2428 2004-12-23T05:42:15Z MediaWiki default Restore! 3115 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Restore! 5898 2006-07-01T19:07:52Z MediaWiki default Restore MediaWiki:Undeletedarticle 549 sysop 826 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default restored "$1" 1530 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default restored "$1" 2429 2004-12-23T05:42:15Z MediaWiki default restored "$1" 3116 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default restored "$1" 4094 2005-07-03T13:47:14Z MediaWiki default restored "[[$1]]" MediaWiki:Undeletedtext 550 sysop 827 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default The article [[$1]] has been successfully restored. See [[Wikipedia:Deletion_log]] for a record of recent deletions and restorations. 1531 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default [[$1]] has been successfully restored. See [[Wikipedia:Deletion_log]] for a record of recent deletions and restorations. 2431 2004-12-23T05:42:15Z MediaWiki default [[$1]] has been successfully restored. See [[Special:Log/delete]] for a record of recent deletions and restorations. 3117 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default [[$1]] has been successfully restored. See [[Special:Log/delete]] for a record of recent deletions and restorations. 4567 2005-11-09T23:10:59Z MediaWiki default [[:$1|$1]] has been successfully restored. See [[Special:Log/delete]] for a record of recent deletions and restorations. MediaWiki:Contributions 551 sysop 288 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default User contributions 1036 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default User contributions 1773 2004-12-23T05:41:02Z MediaWiki default User contributions 3118 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default User contributions MediaWiki:Mycontris 552 sysop 527 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default My contributions 1273 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default My contributions 2063 2004-12-23T05:41:32Z MediaWiki default My contributions 3119 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default My contributions MediaWiki:Contribsub 553 sysop 287 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default For $1 1035 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default For $1 1772 2004-12-23T05:41:02Z MediaWiki default For $1 3120 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default For $1 MediaWiki:Nocontribs 554 sysop 550 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default No changes were found matching these criteria. 1296 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default No changes were found matching these criteria. 2092 2004-12-23T05:41:36Z MediaWiki default No changes were found matching these criteria. 3121 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default No changes were found matching these criteria. MediaWiki:Ucnote 555 sysop 816 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Below are this user's last $1 changes in the last $2 days. 1520 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Below are this user's last $1 changes in the last $2 days. 2417 2004-12-23T05:42:12Z MediaWiki default Below are this user's last $1 changes in the last $2 days. 3122 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Below are this user's last $1 changes in the last $2 days. MediaWiki:Uclinks 556 sysop 815 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default View the last $1 changes; view the last $2 days. 1519 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default View the last $1 changes; view the last $2 days. 2416 2004-12-23T05:42:12Z MediaWiki default View the last $1 changes; view the last $2 days. 3123 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default View the last $1 changes; view the last $2 days. MediaWiki:Uctop 557 sysop 817 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default (top) 1521 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default (top) 2418 2004-12-23T05:42:12Z MediaWiki default (top) 3124 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default (top) MediaWiki:Notargettitle 558 sysop 573 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default No target 1319 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default No target 2119 2004-12-23T05:41:39Z MediaWiki default No target 3125 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default No target MediaWiki:Notargettext 559 sysop 572 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default You have not specified a target page or user to perform this function on. 1318 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default You have not specified a target page or user to perform this function on. 2118 2004-12-23T05:41:39Z MediaWiki default You have not specified a target page or user to perform this function on. 3126 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default You have not specified a target page or user to perform this function on. MediaWiki:Linklistsub 560 sysop 440 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default (List of links) 1186 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default (List of links) 1957 2004-12-23T05:41:22Z MediaWiki default (List of links) 3127 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default (List of links) MediaWiki:Linkshere 561 sysop 441 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default The following pages link to here: 1187 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default The following pages link to here: 1958 2004-12-23T05:41:22Z MediaWiki default The following pages link to here: 3128 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default The following pages link to here: MediaWiki:Nolinkshere 562 sysop 561 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default No pages link to here. 1307 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default No pages link to here. 2105 2004-12-23T05:41:38Z MediaWiki default No pages link to here. 3129 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default No pages link to here. MediaWiki:Isredirect 563 sysop 429 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default redirect page 1175 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default redirect page 1940 2004-12-23T05:41:18Z MediaWiki default redirect page 3130 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default redirect page MediaWiki:Blockip 564 sysop 240 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Block user 989 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Block user 1721 2004-12-23T05:40:55Z MediaWiki default Block user 3131 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Block user MediaWiki:Blockiptext 565 sysop 243 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Use the form below to block write access from a specific IP address or username. This should be done only only to prevent vandalism, and in accordance with [[Wikipedia:Policy|policy]]. Fill in a specific reason below (for example, citing particular pages that were vandalized). 992 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Use the form below to block write access from a specific IP address or username. This should be done only only to prevent vandalism, and in accordance with [[Wikipedia:Policy|policy]]. Fill in a specific reason below (for example, citing particular pages that were vandalized). 1724 2004-12-23T05:40:55Z MediaWiki default Use the form below to block write access from a specific IP address or username. This should be done only only to prevent vandalism, and in accordance with [[Project:Policy|policy]]. Fill in a specific reason below (for example, citing particular pages that were vandalized). 3132 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Use the form below to block write access from a specific IP address or username. This should be done only only to prevent vandalism, and in accordance with [[Project:Policy|policy]]. Fill in a specific reason below (for example, citing particular pages that were vandalized). 5770 2006-07-01T19:07:50Z MediaWiki default Use the form below to block write access from a specific IP address or username. This should be done only only to prevent vandalism, and in accordance with [[{{ns:project}}:Policy|policy]]. Fill in a specific reason below (for example, citing particular pages that were vandalized). MediaWiki:Ipaddress 566 sysop 420 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default IP Address/username 1166 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default IP Address/username 1931 2004-12-23T05:41:17Z MediaWiki default IP Address/username 3133 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default IP Address/username 4002 2005-07-03T13:47:13Z MediaWiki default IP Address MediaWiki:Ipbreason 567 sysop 424 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Reason 1170 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Reason 1935 2004-12-23T05:41:17Z MediaWiki default Reason 3134 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Reason MediaWiki:Ipbsubmit 568 sysop 425 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Block this user 1171 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Block this user 1936 2004-12-23T05:41:17Z MediaWiki default Block this user 3135 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Block this user MediaWiki:Badipaddress 569 sysop 231 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Invalid IP address 980 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Invalid IP address 1711 2004-12-23T05:40:53Z MediaWiki default Invalid IP address 3136 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Invalid IP address MediaWiki:Noblockreason 570 sysop 548 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default You must supply a reason for the block. 1294 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default You must supply a reason for the block. 2090 2004-12-23T05:41:36Z MediaWiki default You must supply a reason for the block. 3137 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default You must supply a reason for the block. MediaWiki:Blockipsuccesssub 571 sysop 241 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Block succeeded 990 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Block succeeded 1722 2004-12-23T05:40:55Z MediaWiki default Block succeeded 3138 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Block succeeded MediaWiki:Blockipsuccesstext 572 sysop 242 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default "$1" has been blocked. See [[Special:Ipblocklist|IP block list]] to review blocks. 991 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default "$1" has been blocked. See [[Special:Ipblocklist|IP block list]] to review blocks. 1723 2004-12-23T05:40:55Z MediaWiki default "$1" has been blocked. See [[Special:Ipblocklist|IP block list]] to review blocks. 3139 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default "$1" has been blocked. See [[Special:Ipblocklist|IP block list]] to review blocks. 4178 2005-07-29T11:09:15Z MediaWiki default [[{{ns:Special}}:Contributions/$1|$1]] has been blocked. See[[{{ns:Special}}:Ipblocklist|IP block list]] to review blocks. 4882 2006-02-26T02:05:30Z MediaWiki default [[{{ns:Special}}:Contributions/$1|$1]] has been blocked. See [[{{ns:Special}}:Ipblocklist|IP block list]] to review blocks. MediaWiki:Unblockip 573 sysop 818 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Unblock user 1522 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Unblock user 2419 2004-12-23T05:42:13Z MediaWiki default Unblock user 3140 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Unblock user MediaWiki:Unblockiptext 574 sysop 819 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Use the form below to restore write access to a previously blocked IP address or username. 1523 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Use the form below to restore write access to a previously blocked IP address or username. 2420 2004-12-23T05:42:13Z MediaWiki default Use the form below to restore write access to a previously blocked IP address or username. 3141 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Use the form below to restore write access to a previously blocked IP address or username. MediaWiki:Ipusubmit 575 sysop 426 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Unblock this address 1172 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Unblock this address 1937 2004-12-23T05:41:17Z MediaWiki default Unblock this address 3142 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Unblock this address MediaWiki:Ipusuccess 576 sysop 427 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default "$1" unblocked 1173 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default "$1" unblocked 1938 2004-12-23T05:41:17Z MediaWiki default "$1" unblocked 3143 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default "$1" unblocked 4007 2005-07-03T13:47:13Z MediaWiki default "[[$1]]" unblocked MediaWiki:Ipblocklist 577 sysop 423 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default List of blocked IP addresses and usernames 1169 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default List of blocked IP addresses and usernames 1934 2004-12-23T05:41:17Z MediaWiki default List of blocked IP addresses and usernames 3144 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default List of blocked IP addresses and usernames MediaWiki:Blocklistline 578 sysop 245 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default $1, $2 blocked $3 (expires $4) 994 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default $1, $2 blocked $3 (expires $4) 1726 2004-12-23T05:40:55Z MediaWiki default $1, $2 blocked $3 (expires $4) 3145 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default $1, $2 blocked $3 (expires $4) 4256 2005-08-19T23:37:30Z MediaWiki default $1, $2 blocked $3 ($4) MediaWiki:Blocklink 579 sysop 244 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default block 993 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default block 1725 2004-12-23T05:40:55Z MediaWiki default block 3146 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default block MediaWiki:Unblocklink 580 sysop 820 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default unblock 1524 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default unblock 2421 2004-12-23T05:42:14Z MediaWiki default unblock 3147 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default unblock MediaWiki:Contribslink 581 sysop 286 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default contribs 1034 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default contribs 1771 2004-12-23T05:41:02Z MediaWiki default contribs 3148 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default contribs MediaWiki:Autoblocker 582 sysop 227 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Autoblocked because you share an IP address with "$1". Reason "$2". 976 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Autoblocked because you share an IP address with "$1". Reason "$2". 1707 2004-12-23T05:40:53Z MediaWiki default Autoblocked because you share an IP address with "$1". Reason "$2". 3149 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Autoblocked because you share an IP address with "$1". Reason "$2". 4176 2005-07-29T11:09:15Z MediaWiki default Autoblocked because your IP address has been recently used by "[[User:$1|$1]]". The reason given for $1's block is: "'''$2'''" MediaWiki:Blocklogpage 583 sysop 247 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Block_log 996 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Block_log 1728 2004-12-23T05:40:58Z MediaWiki default Block_log 3150 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Block_log 5771 2006-07-01T19:07:50Z MediaWiki default Block log MediaWiki:Blocklogentry 584 sysop 246 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default blocked "$1" with an expiry time of $2 995 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default blocked "$1" with an expiry time of $2 1727 2004-12-23T05:40:58Z MediaWiki default blocked "$1" with an expiry time of $2 3151 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default blocked "$1" with an expiry time of $2 3680 2005-07-03T13:47:10Z MediaWiki default blocked "[[$1]]" with an expiry time of $2 MediaWiki:Blocklogtext 585 sysop 248 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default This is a log of user blocking and unblocking actions. Automatically blocked IP addresses are not be listed. See the [[Special:Ipblocklist|IP block list]] for the list of currently operational bans and blocks. 997 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default This is a log of user blocking and unblocking actions. Automatically blocked IP addresses are not be listed. See the [[Special:Ipblocklist|IP block list]] for the list of currently operational bans and blocks. 1729 2004-12-23T05:40:59Z MediaWiki default This is a log of user blocking and unblocking actions. Automatically blocked IP addresses are not listed. See the [[Special:Ipblocklist|IP block list]] for the list of currently operational bans and blocks. 3152 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default This is a log of user blocking and unblocking actions. Automatically blocked IP addresses are not listed. See the [[Special:Ipblocklist|IP block list]] for the list of currently operational bans and blocks. MediaWiki:Unblocklogentry 586 sysop 821 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default unblocked "$1" 1525 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default unblocked "$1" 2422 2004-12-23T05:42:14Z MediaWiki default unblocked "$1" 3153 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default unblocked "$1" 4233 2005-07-29T11:09:19Z MediaWiki default unblocked $1 MediaWiki:Lockdb 587 sysop 451 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Lock database 1197 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Lock database 1970 2004-12-23T05:41:24Z MediaWiki default Lock database 3154 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Lock database MediaWiki:Unlockdb 588 sysop 836 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Unlock database 1540 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Unlock database 2440 2004-12-23T05:42:18Z MediaWiki default Unlock database 3155 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Unlock database MediaWiki:Lockdbtext 589 sysop 454 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Locking the database will suspend the ability of all users to edit pages, change their preferences, edit their watchlists, and other things requiring changes in the database. Please confirm that this is what you intend to do, and that you will unlock the database when your maintenance is done. 1200 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Locking the database will suspend the ability of all users to edit pages, change their preferences, edit their watchlists, and other things requiring changes in the database. Please confirm that this is what you intend to do, and that you will unlock the database when your maintenance is done. 1973 2004-12-23T05:41:24Z MediaWiki default Locking the database will suspend the ability of all users to edit pages, change their preferences, edit their watchlists, and other things requiring changes in the database. Please confirm that this is what you intend to do, and that you will unlock the database when your maintenance is done. 3156 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Locking the database will suspend the ability of all users to edit pages, change their preferences, edit their watchlists, and other things requiring changes in the database. Please confirm that this is what you intend to do, and that you will unlock the database when your maintenance is done. MediaWiki:Unlockdbtext 590 sysop 839 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Unlocking the database will restore the ability of all users to edit pages, change their preferences, edit their watchlists, and other things requiring changes in the database. Please confirm that this is what you intend to do. 1543 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Unlocking the database will restore the ability of all users to edit pages, change their preferences, edit their watchlists, and other things requiring changes in the database. Please confirm that this is what you intend to do. 2443 2004-12-23T05:42:18Z MediaWiki default Unlocking the database will restore the ability of all users to edit pages, change their preferences, edit their watchlists, and other things requiring changes in the database. Please confirm that this is what you intend to do. 3157 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Unlocking the database will restore the ability of all users to edit pages, change their preferences, edit their watchlists, and other things requiring changes in the database. Please confirm that this is what you intend to do. MediaWiki:Lockconfirm 591 sysop 450 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Yes, I really want to lock the database. 1196 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Yes, I really want to lock the database. 1969 2004-12-23T05:41:24Z MediaWiki default Yes, I really want to lock the database. 3158 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Yes, I really want to lock the database. MediaWiki:Unlockconfirm 592 sysop 835 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Yes, I really want to unlock the database. 1539 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Yes, I really want to unlock the database. 2439 2004-12-23T05:42:18Z MediaWiki default Yes, I really want to unlock the database. 3159 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Yes, I really want to unlock the database. MediaWiki:Lockbtn 593 sysop 449 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Lock database 1195 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Lock database 1968 2004-12-23T05:41:24Z MediaWiki default Lock database 3160 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Lock database MediaWiki:Unlockbtn 594 sysop 834 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Unlock database 1538 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Unlock database 2438 2004-12-23T05:42:18Z MediaWiki default Unlock database 3161 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Unlock database MediaWiki:Locknoconfirm 595 sysop 455 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default You did not check the confirmation box. 1201 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default You did not check the confirmation box. 1974 2004-12-23T05:41:24Z MediaWiki default You did not check the confirmation box. 3162 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default You did not check the confirmation box. MediaWiki:Lockdbsuccesssub 596 sysop 452 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Database lock succeeded 1198 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Database lock succeeded 1971 2004-12-23T05:41:24Z MediaWiki default Database lock succeeded 3163 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Database lock succeeded MediaWiki:Unlockdbsuccesssub 597 sysop 837 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Database lock removed 1541 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Database lock removed 2441 2004-12-23T05:42:18Z MediaWiki default Database lock removed 3164 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Database lock removed MediaWiki:Lockdbsuccesstext 598 sysop 453 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default The database has been locked. Remember to remove the lock after your maintenance is complete. 1199 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default The database has been locked. Remember to remove the lock after your maintenance is complete. 1972 2004-12-23T05:41:24Z MediaWiki default The database has been locked. Remember to remove the lock after your maintenance is complete. 3165 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default The database has been locked. Remember to remove the lock after your maintenance is complete. MediaWiki:Unlockdbsuccesstext 599 sysop 838 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default The database has been unlocked. 1542 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default The database has been unlocked. 2442 2004-12-23T05:42:18Z MediaWiki default The database has been unlocked. 3166 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default The database has been unlocked. MediaWiki:Asksql 600 sysop 225 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default SQL query 974 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default SQL query 1702 2004-12-23T05:40:51Z MediaWiki default SQL query 3167 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default SQL query MediaWiki:Asksqltext 601 sysop 226 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Use the form below to make a direct query of the database. Use single quotes ('like this') to delimit string literals. This can often add considerable load to the server, so please use this function sparingly. 975 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Use the form below to make a direct query of the database. Use single quotes ('like this') to delimit string literals. This can often add considerable load to the server, so please use this function sparingly. 1704 2004-12-23T05:40:52Z MediaWiki default Use the form below to make a direct query of the database. Use single quotes ('like this') to delimit string literals. This can often add considerable load to the server, so please use this function sparingly. 3168 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Use the form below to make a direct query of the database. Use single quotes ('like this') to delimit string literals. This can often add considerable load to the server, so please use this function sparingly. MediaWiki:Sqlislogged 602 sysop 743 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Please note that all queries are logged. 1486 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Please note that all queries are logged. 2355 2004-12-23T05:42:03Z MediaWiki default Please note that all queries are logged. 3169 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Please note that all queries are logged. MediaWiki:Sqlquery 603 sysop 744 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Enter query 1487 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Enter query 2356 2004-12-23T05:42:03Z MediaWiki default Enter query 3170 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Enter query MediaWiki:Querybtn 604 sysop 653 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Submit query 1399 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Submit query 2214 2004-12-23T05:41:50Z MediaWiki default Submit query 3171 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Submit query MediaWiki:Selectonly 605 sysop 715 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Only read-only queries are allowed. 1458 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Only read-only queries are allowed. 2282 2004-12-23T05:41:58Z MediaWiki default Only read-only queries are allowed. 3172 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Only read-only queries are allowed. MediaWiki:Querysuccessful 606 sysop 654 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Query successful 1400 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Query successful 2215 2004-12-23T05:41:50Z MediaWiki default Query successful 3173 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Query successful MediaWiki:Movepage 607 sysop 521 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Move page 1267 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Move page 2051 2004-12-23T05:41:32Z MediaWiki default Move page 3174 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Move page MediaWiki:Movepagetext 608 sysop 524 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Using the form below will rename a page, moving all of its history to the new name. The old title will become a redirect page to the new title. Links to the old page title will not be changed; be sure to [[Special:Maintenance|check]] for double or broken redirects. You are responsible for making sure that links continue to point where they are supposed to go. Note that the page will '''not''' be moved if there is already a page at the new title, unless it is empty or a redirect and has no past edit history. This means that you can rename a page back to where it was just renamed from if you make a mistake, and you cannot overwrite an existing page. WARNING! This can be a drastic and unexpected change for a popular page; please be sure you understand the consequences of this before proceeding. 1270 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Using the form below will rename a page, moving all of its history to the new name. The old title will become a redirect page to the new title. Links to the old page title will not be changed; be sure to [[Special:Maintenance|check]] for double or broken redirects. You are responsible for making sure that links continue to point where they are supposed to go. Note that the page will '''not''' be moved if there is already a page at the new title, unless it is empty or a redirect and has no past edit history. This means that you can rename a page back to where it was just renamed from if you make a mistake, and you cannot overwrite an existing page. WARNING! This can be a drastic and unexpected change for a popular page; please be sure you understand the consequences of this before proceeding. 2054 2004-12-23T05:41:32Z MediaWiki default Using the form below will rename a page, moving all of its history to the new name. The old title will become a redirect page to the new title. Links to the old page title will not be changed; be sure to [[Special:Maintenance|check]] for double or broken redirects. You are responsible for making sure that links continue to point where they are supposed to go. Note that the page will '''not''' be moved if there is already a page at the new title, unless it is empty or a redirect and has no past edit history. This means that you can rename a page back to where it was just renamed from if you make a mistake, and you cannot overwrite an existing page. WARNING! This can be a drastic and unexpected change for a popular page; please be sure you understand the consequences of this before proceeding. 3175 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Using the form below will rename a page, moving all of its history to the new name. The old title will become a redirect page to the new title. Links to the old page title will not be changed; be sure to [[Special:Maintenance|check]] for double or broken redirects. You are responsible for making sure that links continue to point where they are supposed to go. Note that the page will '''not''' be moved if there is already a page at the new title, unless it is empty or a redirect and has no past edit history. This means that you can rename a page back to where it was just renamed from if you make a mistake, and you cannot overwrite an existing page. WARNING! This can be a drastic and unexpected change for a popular page; please be sure you understand the consequences of this before proceeding. 4025 2005-07-03T13:47:13Z MediaWiki default Using the form below will rename a page, moving all of its history to the new name. The old title will become a redirect page to the new title. Links to the old page title will not be changed; be sure to check for double or broken redirects. You are responsible for making sure that links continue to point where they are supposed to go. Note that the page will '''not''' be moved if there is already a page at the new title, unless it is empty or a redirect and has no past edit history. This means that you can rename a page back to where it was just renamed from if you make a mistake, and you cannot overwrite an existing page. WARNING! This can be a drastic and unexpected change for a popular page; please be sure you understand the consequences of this before proceeding. MediaWiki:Movepagetalktext 609 sysop 523 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default The associated talk page, if any, will be automatically moved along with it '''unless:''' *You are moving the page across namespaces, *A non-empty talk page already exists under the new name, or *You uncheck the box below. In those cases, you will have to move or merge the page manually if desired. 1269 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default The associated talk page, if any, will be automatically moved along with it '''unless:''' *You are moving the page across namespaces, *A non-empty talk page already exists under the new name, or *You uncheck the box below. In those cases, you will have to move or merge the page manually if desired. 2053 2004-12-23T05:41:32Z MediaWiki default The associated talk page, if any, will be automatically moved along with it '''unless:''' *You are moving the page across namespaces, *A non-empty talk page already exists under the new name, or *You uncheck the box below. In those cases, you will have to move or merge the page manually if desired. 3176 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default The associated talk page, if any, will be automatically moved along with it '''unless:''' *You are moving the page across namespaces, *A non-empty talk page already exists under the new name, or *You uncheck the box below. In those cases, you will have to move or merge the page manually if desired. 5836 2006-07-01T19:07:51Z MediaWiki default The associated talk page will be automatically moved along with it '''unless:''' *A non-empty talk page already exists under the new name, or *You uncheck the box below. In those cases, you will have to move or merge the page manually if desired. MediaWiki:Movearticle 610 sysop 517 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Move page 1263 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Move page 2047 2004-12-23T05:41:32Z MediaWiki default Move page 3177 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Move page MediaWiki:Movenologin 611 sysop 519 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Not logged in 1265 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Not logged in 2049 2004-12-23T05:41:32Z MediaWiki default Not logged in 3178 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Not logged in MediaWiki:Movenologintext 612 sysop 520 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default You must be a registered user and <a href="/wiki/Special:Userlogin">logged in</a> to move a page. 1266 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default You must be a registered user and <a href="/wiki/Special:Userlogin">logged in</a> to move a page. 2050 2004-12-23T05:41:32Z MediaWiki default You must be a registered user and <a href="{{localurl:Special:Userlogin}}">logged in</a> to move a page. 3179 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default You must be a registered user and <a href="{{localurl:Special:Userlogin}}">logged in</a> to move a page. 4024 2005-07-03T13:47:13Z MediaWiki default You must be a registered user and [[Special:Userlogin|logged in]] to move a page. MediaWiki:Newtitle 613 sysop 541 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default To new title 1287 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default To new title 2079 2004-12-23T05:41:34Z MediaWiki default To new title 3180 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default To new title MediaWiki:Movepagebtn 614 sysop 522 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Move page 1268 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Move page 2052 2004-12-23T05:41:32Z MediaWiki default Move page 3181 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Move page MediaWiki:Pagemovedsub 615 sysop 598 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Move succeeded 1344 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Move succeeded 2154 2004-12-23T05:41:41Z MediaWiki default Move succeeded 3182 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Move succeeded MediaWiki:Pagemovedtext 616 sysop 599 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Page "[[$1]]" moved to "[[$2]]". 1345 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Page "[[$1]]" moved to "[[$2]]". 2155 2004-12-23T05:41:42Z MediaWiki default Page "[[$1]]" moved to "[[$2]]". 3183 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Page "[[$1]]" moved to "[[$2]]". MediaWiki:Articleexists 617 sysop 223 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default A page of that name already exists, or the name you have chosen is not valid. Please choose another name. 972 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default A page of that name already exists, or the name you have chosen is not valid. Please choose another name. 1699 2004-12-23T05:40:50Z MediaWiki default A page of that name already exists, or the name you have chosen is not valid. Please choose another name. 3184 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default A page of that name already exists, or the name you have chosen is not valid. Please choose another name. MediaWiki:Talkexists 618 sysop 758 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default The page itself was moved successfully, but the talk page could not be moved because one already exists at the new title. Please merge them manually. 1500 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default The page itself was moved successfully, but the talk page could not be moved because one already exists at the new title. Please merge them manually. 2373 2004-12-23T05:42:07Z MediaWiki default The page itself was moved successfully, but the talk page could not be moved because one already exists at the new title. Please merge them manually. 3185 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default The page itself was moved successfully, but the talk page could not be moved because one already exists at the new title. Please merge them manually. 4076 2005-07-03T13:47:14Z MediaWiki default '''The page itself was moved successfully, but the talk page could not be moved because one already exists at the new title. Please merge them manually.''' 5010 2006-03-28T06:33:46Z MediaWiki default '''The page itself was moved successfully, but the talk page could not be moved because one already exists at the new title. Please merge them manually.''' MediaWiki:Movedto 619 sysop 518 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default moved to 1264 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default moved to 2048 2004-12-23T05:41:32Z MediaWiki default moved to 3186 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default moved to MediaWiki:Movetalk 620 sysop 525 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Move "talk" page as well, if applicable. 1271 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Move "talk" page as well, if applicable. 2055 2004-12-23T05:41:32Z MediaWiki default Move "talk" page as well, if applicable. 3187 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Move "talk" page as well, if applicable. 4990 2006-03-28T06:33:44Z MediaWiki default Move associated talk page MediaWiki:Talkpagemoved 621 sysop 760 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default The corresponding talk page was also moved. 1502 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default The corresponding talk page was also moved. 2375 2004-12-23T05:42:08Z MediaWiki default The corresponding talk page was also moved. 3188 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default The corresponding talk page was also moved. MediaWiki:Talkpagenotmoved 622 sysop 761 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default The corresponding talk page was not moved. 1503 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default The corresponding talk page was not moved. 2376 2004-12-23T05:42:08Z MediaWiki default The corresponding talk page was not moved. 3189 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default The corresponding talk page was not moved. MediaWiki:1movedto2 623 sysop 158 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default $1 moved to $2 943 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default $1 moved to $2 1652 2004-12-23T05:40:39Z MediaWiki default $1 moved to $2 3190 2005-06-25T11:23:01Z MediaWiki default $1 moved to $2 3667 2005-07-03T13:47:10Z MediaWiki default [[$1]] moved to [[$2]] 4169 2005-07-29T11:09:14Z MediaWiki default $1 moved to $2 4502 2005-11-09T23:10:56Z MediaWiki default [[$1]] moved to [[$2]] MediaWiki:Export 624 sysop 359 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Export pages 1106 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Export pages 1860 2004-12-23T05:41:09Z MediaWiki default Export pages 3191 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Export pages MediaWiki:Exporttext 625 sysop 361 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default You can export the text and editing history of a particular page or set of pages wrapped in some XML; this can then be imported into another wiki running MediaWiki software, transformed, or just kept for your private amusement. 1108 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default You can export the text and editing history of a particular page or set of pages wrapped in some XML; this can then be imported into another wiki running MediaWiki software, transformed, or just kept for your private amusement. 1862 2004-12-23T05:41:09Z MediaWiki default You can export the text and editing history of a particular page or set of pages wrapped in some XML. In the future, this may then be imported into another wiki running MediaWiki software, although there is no support for this feature in the current version. To export article pages, enter the titles in the text box below, one title per line, and select whether you want the current version as well as all old versions, with the page history lines, or just the current version with the info about the last edit. In the latter case you can also use a link, e.g. [[{{ns:Special}}:Export/Train]] for the article [[Train]]. 3192 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default You can export the text and editing history of a particular page or set of pages wrapped in some XML. In the future, this may then be imported into another wiki running MediaWiki software, although there is no support for this feature in the current version. To export article pages, enter the titles in the text box below, one title per line, and select whether you want the current version as well as all old versions, with the page history lines, or just the current version with the info about the last edit. In the latter case you can also use a link, e.g. [[{{ns:Special}}:Export/Train]] for the article [[Train]]. 4522 2005-11-09T23:10:57Z MediaWiki default You can export the text and editing history of a particular page or set of pages wrapped in some XML. In the future, this may then be imported into another wiki running MediaWiki software, although there is no support for this feature in the current version. To export pages, enter the titles in the text box below, one title per line, and select whether you want the current version as well as all old versions, with the page history lines, or just the current version with the info about the last edit. In the latter case you can also use a link, e.g. [[{{ns:Special}}:Export/{{Mediawiki:mainpage}}]] for the page {{Mediawiki:mainpage}}. 4608 2005-11-29T21:33:22Z MediaWiki default You can export the text and editing history of a particular page or set of pages wrapped in some XML. In the future, this may then be imported into another wiki running MediaWiki software, although there is no support for this feature in the current version. To export pages, enter the titles in the text box below, one title per line, and select whether you want the current version as well as all old versions, with the page history lines, or just the current version with the info about the last edit. In the latter case you can also use a link, e.g. [[{{ns:Special}}:Export/{{Mediawiki:mainpage}}]] for the page {{Mediawiki:mainpage}}. 4645 2005-12-02T02:44:08Z MediaWiki default You can export the text and editing history of a particular page or set of pages wrapped in some XML. In the future, this may then be imported into another wiki running MediaWiki software, although there is no support for this feature in the current version. To export pages, enter the titles in the text box below, one title per line, and select whether you want the current version as well as all old versions, with the page history lines, or just the current version with the info about the last edit. In the latter case you can also use a link, e.g. [[{{ns:Special}}:Export/{{Mediawiki:mainpage}}]] for the page {{Mediawiki:mainpage}}. 4687 2005-12-02T04:16:55Z MediaWiki default You can export the text and editing history of a particular page or set of pages wrapped in some XML. In the future, this may then be imported into another wiki running MediaWiki software, although there is no support for this feature in the current version. To export pages, enter the titles in the text box below, one title per line, and select whether you want the current version as well as all old versions, with the page history lines, or just the current version with the info about the last edit. In the latter case you can also use a link, e.g. [[{{ns:Special}}:Export/{{Mediawiki:mainpage}}]] for the page {{Mediawiki:mainpage}}. 4984 2006-03-28T06:33:43Z MediaWiki default You can export the text and editing history of a particular page or set of pages wrapped in some XML. This can be imported into another wiki using MediaWiki via the Special:Import page. To export pages, enter the titles in the text box below, one title per line, and select whether you want the current version as well as all old versions, with the page history lines, or just the current version with the info about the last edit. In the latter case you can also use a link, e.g. [[{{ns:Special}}:Export/{{Mediawiki:mainpage}}]] for the page {{Mediawiki:mainpage}}. 5791 2006-07-01T19:07:51Z MediaWiki default You can export the text and editing history of a particular page or set of pages wrapped in some XML. This can be imported into another wiki using MediaWiki via the Special:Import page. To export pages, enter the titles in the text box below, one title per line, and select whether you want the current version as well as all old versions, with the page history lines, or just the current version with the info about the last edit. In the latter case you can also use a link, e.g. [[{{ns:Special}}:Export/{{int:mainpage}}]] for the page {{int:mainpage}}. MediaWiki:Exportcuronly 626 sysop 360 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Include only the current revision, not the full history 1107 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Include only the current revision, not the full history 1861 2004-12-23T05:41:09Z MediaWiki default Include only the current revision, not the full history 3193 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Include only the current revision, not the full history MediaWiki:Allmessages 627 sysop 211 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default All system messages 960 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default All system messages 1677 2004-12-23T05:40:47Z MediaWiki default All system messages 3194 2005-06-25T11:23:01Z MediaWiki default All system messages 4173 2005-07-29T11:09:15Z MediaWiki default System messages MediaWiki:Allmessagestext 628 sysop 212 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default This is a list of all system messages available in the MediaWiki: namespace. 961 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default This is a list of all system messages available in the MediaWiki: namespace. 1680 2004-12-23T05:40:48Z MediaWiki default This is a list of all system messages available in the MediaWiki: namespace. 3195 2005-06-25T11:23:01Z MediaWiki default This is a list of all system messages available in the MediaWiki: namespace. 4174 2005-07-29T11:09:15Z MediaWiki default This is a list of system messages available in the MediaWiki: namespace. 5763 2006-07-01T19:07:50Z MediaWiki default This is a list of system messages available in the MediaWiki namespace. MediaWiki:Thumbnail-more 629 sysop 766 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Enlarge 1508 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Enlarge 2382 2004-12-23T05:42:09Z MediaWiki default Enlarge 3196 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Enlarge Template:All messages 630 143 2004-01-29T14:06:58Z MediaWiki default This is a list of all messages available in the MediaWiki: namespace <table border=1 width=100%><tr><td> '''Name''' </td><td> '''Default text''' </td><td> '''Current text''' </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Categories&action=edit categories] </td><td> Page categories </td><td> {{MSGNW:categories}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Category&action=edit category] </td><td> category </td><td> {{MSGNW:category}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Category_header&action=edit category_header] </td><td> Articles in category "$1" </td><td> {{MSGNW:category_header}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Subcategories&action=edit subcategories] </td><td> Subcategories </td><td> {{MSGNW:subcategories}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Linktrail&action=edit linktrail] </td><td> /^([a-z]+)(.*)$/sD </td><td> {{MSGNW:linktrail}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mainpage&action=edit mainpage] </td><td> Main Page </td><td> {{MSGNW:mainpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mainpagetext&action=edit mainpagetext] </td><td> Wiki software successfully installed. </td><td> {{MSGNW:mainpagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:About&action=edit about] </td><td> About </td><td> {{MSGNW:about}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Aboutwikipedia&action=edit aboutwikipedia] </td><td> About Wikipedia </td><td> {{MSGNW:aboutwikipedia}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Aboutpage&action=edit aboutpage] </td><td> Wikipedia:About </td><td> {{MSGNW:aboutpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Help&action=edit help] </td><td> Help </td><td> {{MSGNW:help}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Helppage&action=edit helppage] </td><td> Wikipedia:Help </td><td> {{MSGNW:helppage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wikititlesuffix&action=edit wikititlesuffix] </td><td> Wikipedia </td><td> {{MSGNW:wikititlesuffix}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bugreports&action=edit bugreports] </td><td> Bug reports </td><td> {{MSGNW:bugreports}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bugreportspage&action=edit bugreportspage] </td><td> Wikipedia:Bug_reports </td><td> {{MSGNW:bugreportspage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitesupport&action=edit sitesupport] </td><td> Donations </td><td> {{MSGNW:sitesupport}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitesupportpage&action=edit sitesupportpage] </td><td> &lt;sitesupportpage&gt; </td><td> {{MSGNW:sitesupportpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Faq&action=edit faq] </td><td> FAQ </td><td> {{MSGNW:faq}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Faqpage&action=edit faqpage] </td><td> Wikipedia:FAQ </td><td> {{MSGNW:faqpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Edithelp&action=edit edithelp] </td><td> Editing help </td><td> {{MSGNW:edithelp}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Edithelppage&action=edit edithelppage] </td><td> Wikipedia:How_does_one_edit_a_page </td><td> {{MSGNW:edithelppage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cancel&action=edit cancel] </td><td> Cancel </td><td> {{MSGNW:cancel}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbfind&action=edit qbfind] </td><td> Find </td><td> {{MSGNW:qbfind}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbbrowse&action=edit qbbrowse] </td><td> Browse </td><td> {{MSGNW:qbbrowse}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbedit&action=edit qbedit] </td><td> Edit </td><td> {{MSGNW:qbedit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbpageoptions&action=edit qbpageoptions] </td><td> This page </td><td> {{MSGNW:qbpageoptions}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbpageinfo&action=edit qbpageinfo] </td><td> Context </td><td> {{MSGNW:qbpageinfo}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbmyoptions&action=edit qbmyoptions] </td><td> My pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:qbmyoptions}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbspecialpages&action=edit qbspecialpages] </td><td> Special pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:qbspecialpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Moredotdotdot&action=edit moredotdotdot] </td><td> More... </td><td> {{MSGNW:moredotdotdot}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mypage&action=edit mypage] </td><td> My page </td><td> {{MSGNW:mypage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mytalk&action=edit mytalk] </td><td> My talk </td><td> {{MSGNW:mytalk}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Currentevents&action=edit currentevents] </td><td> Current events </td><td> {{MSGNW:currentevents}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disclaimers&action=edit disclaimers] </td><td> Disclaimers </td><td> {{MSGNW:disclaimers}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disclaimerpage&action=edit disclaimerpage] </td><td> Wikipedia:General_disclaimer </td><td> {{MSGNW:disclaimerpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Errorpagetitle&action=edit errorpagetitle] </td><td> Error </td><td> {{MSGNW:errorpagetitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Returnto&action=edit returnto] </td><td> Return to $1. </td><td> {{MSGNW:returnto}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Fromwikipedia&action=edit fromwikipedia] </td><td> From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. </td><td> {{MSGNW:fromwikipedia}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whatlinkshere&action=edit whatlinkshere] </td><td> What links here </td><td> {{MSGNW:whatlinkshere}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Search&action=edit search] </td><td> Search </td><td> {{MSGNW:search}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Go&action=edit go] </td><td> Go </td><td> {{MSGNW:go}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:History&action=edit history] </td><td> Page history </td><td> {{MSGNW:history}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Printableversion&action=edit printableversion] </td><td> Printable version </td><td> {{MSGNW:printableversion}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editthispage&action=edit editthispage] </td><td> Edit this page </td><td> {{MSGNW:editthispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletethispage&action=edit deletethispage] </td><td> Delete this page </td><td> {{MSGNW:deletethispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectthispage&action=edit protectthispage] </td><td> Protect this page </td><td> {{MSGNW:protectthispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unprotectthispage&action=edit unprotectthispage] </td><td> Unprotect this page </td><td> {{MSGNW:unprotectthispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newpage&action=edit newpage] </td><td> New page </td><td> {{MSGNW:newpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talkpage&action=edit talkpage] </td><td> Discuss this page </td><td> {{MSGNW:talkpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Postcomment&action=edit postcomment] </td><td> Post a comment </td><td> {{MSGNW:postcomment}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Articlepage&action=edit articlepage] </td><td> View article </td><td> {{MSGNW:articlepage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Subjectpage&action=edit subjectpage] </td><td> View subject </td><td> {{MSGNW:subjectpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userpage&action=edit userpage] </td><td> View user page </td><td> {{MSGNW:userpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wikipediapage&action=edit wikipediapage] </td><td> View meta page </td><td> {{MSGNW:wikipediapage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagepage&action=edit imagepage] </td><td> View image page </td><td> {{MSGNW:imagepage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Viewtalkpage&action=edit viewtalkpage] </td><td> View discussion </td><td> {{MSGNW:viewtalkpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Otherlanguages&action=edit otherlanguages] </td><td> Other languages </td><td> {{MSGNW:otherlanguages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Redirectedfrom&action=edit redirectedfrom] </td><td> (Redirected from $1) </td><td> {{MSGNW:redirectedfrom}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lastmodified&action=edit lastmodified] </td><td> This page was last modified $1. </td><td> {{MSGNW:lastmodified}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Viewcount&action=edit viewcount] </td><td> This page has been accessed $1 times. </td><td> {{MSGNW:viewcount}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Gnunote&action=edit gnunote] </td><td> All text is available under the terms of the <a class=internal href='/wiki/GNU_FDL'>GNU Free Documentation License</a>. </td><td> {{MSGNW:gnunote}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Printsubtitle&action=edit printsubtitle] </td><td> (From http://www.wikipedia.org) </td><td> {{MSGNW:printsubtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectedpage&action=edit protectedpage] </td><td> Protected page </td><td> {{MSGNW:protectedpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Administrators&action=edit administrators] </td><td> Wikipedia:Administrators </td><td> {{MSGNW:administrators}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sysoptitle&action=edit sysoptitle] </td><td> Sysop access required </td><td> {{MSGNW:sysoptitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sysoptext&action=edit sysoptext] </td><td> The action you have requested can only be performed by users with "sysop" status. See $1. </td><td> {{MSGNW:sysoptext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Developertitle&action=edit developertitle] </td><td> Developer access required </td><td> {{MSGNW:developertitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Developertext&action=edit developertext] </td><td> The action you have requested can only be performed by users with "developer" status. See $1. </td><td> {{MSGNW:developertext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nbytes&action=edit nbytes] </td><td> $1 bytes </td><td> {{MSGNW:nbytes}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ok&action=edit ok] </td><td> OK </td><td> {{MSGNW:ok}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitetitle&action=edit sitetitle] </td><td> Wikipedia </td><td> {{MSGNW:sitetitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitesubtitle&action=edit sitesubtitle] </td><td> The Free Encyclopedia </td><td> {{MSGNW:sitesubtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Retrievedfrom&action=edit retrievedfrom] </td><td> Retrieved from "$1" </td><td> {{MSGNW:retrievedfrom}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newmessages&action=edit newmessages] </td><td> You have $1. </td><td> {{MSGNW:newmessages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newmessageslink&action=edit newmessageslink] </td><td> new messages </td><td> {{MSGNW:newmessageslink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editsection&action=edit editsection] </td><td> edit </td><td> {{MSGNW:editsection}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Toc&action=edit toc] </td><td> Table of contents </td><td> {{MSGNW:toc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showtoc&action=edit showtoc] </td><td> show </td><td> {{MSGNW:showtoc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Hidetoc&action=edit hidetoc] </td><td> hide </td><td> {{MSGNW:hidetoc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Thisisdeleted&action=edit thisisdeleted] </td><td> View or restore $1? </td><td> {{MSGNW:thisisdeleted}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Restorelink&action=edit restorelink] </td><td> $1 deleted edits </td><td> {{MSGNW:restorelink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nosuchaction&action=edit nosuchaction] </td><td> No such action </td><td> {{MSGNW:nosuchaction}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nosuchactiontext&action=edit nosuchactiontext] </td><td> The action specified by the URL is not recognized by the wiki </td><td> {{MSGNW:nosuchactiontext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nosuchspecialpage&action=edit nosuchspecialpage] </td><td> No such special page </td><td> {{MSGNW:nosuchspecialpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nospecialpagetext&action=edit nospecialpagetext] </td><td> You have requested a special page that is not recognized by the wiki. </td><td> {{MSGNW:nospecialpagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Error&action=edit error] </td><td> Error </td><td> {{MSGNW:error}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Databaseerror&action=edit databaseerror] </td><td> Database error </td><td> {{MSGNW:databaseerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dberrortext&action=edit dberrortext] </td><td> A database query syntax error has occurred. This could be because of an illegal search query (see $5), or it may indicate a bug in the software. The last attempted database query was: <blockquote><tt>$1</tt></blockquote> from within function "<tt>$2</tt>". MySQL returned error "<tt>$3: $4</tt>". </td><td> {{MSGNW:dberrortext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dberrortextcl&action=edit dberrortextcl] </td><td> A database query syntax error has occurred. The last attempted database query was: "$1" from within function "$2". MySQL returned error "$3: $4". </td><td> {{MSGNW:dberrortextcl}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noconnect&action=edit noconnect] </td><td> Sorry! The wiki is experiencing some technical difficulties, and cannot contact the database server. </td><td> {{MSGNW:noconnect}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nodb&action=edit nodb] </td><td> Could not select database $1 </td><td> {{MSGNW:nodb}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cachederror&action=edit cachederror] </td><td> The following is a cached copy of the requested page, and may not be up to date. </td><td> {{MSGNW:cachederror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Readonly&action=edit readonly] </td><td> Database locked </td><td> {{MSGNW:readonly}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Enterlockreason&action=edit enterlockreason] </td><td> Enter a reason for the lock, including an estimate of when the lock will be released </td><td> {{MSGNW:enterlockreason}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Readonlytext&action=edit readonlytext] </td><td> The database is currently locked to new entries and other modifications, probably for routine database maintenance, after which it will be back to normal. The administrator who locked it offered this explanation: $1 </td><td> {{MSGNW:readonlytext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Missingarticle&action=edit missingarticle] </td><td> The database did not find the text of a page that it should have found, named "$1". This is usually caused by following an outdated diff or history link to a page that has been deleted. If this is not the case, you may have found a bug in the software. Please report this to an administrator, making note of the URL. </td><td> {{MSGNW:missingarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Internalerror&action=edit internalerror] </td><td> Internal error </td><td> {{MSGNW:internalerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filecopyerror&action=edit filecopyerror] </td><td> Could not copy file "$1" to "$2". </td><td> {{MSGNW:filecopyerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filerenameerror&action=edit filerenameerror] </td><td> Could not rename file "$1" to "$2". </td><td> {{MSGNW:filerenameerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filedeleteerror&action=edit filedeleteerror] </td><td> Could not delete file "$1". </td><td> {{MSGNW:filedeleteerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filenotfound&action=edit filenotfound] </td><td> Could not find file "$1". </td><td> {{MSGNW:filenotfound}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unexpected&action=edit unexpected] </td><td> Unexpected value: "$1"="$2". </td><td> {{MSGNW:unexpected}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Formerror&action=edit formerror] </td><td> Error: could not submit form </td><td> {{MSGNW:formerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badarticleerror&action=edit badarticleerror] </td><td> This action cannot be performed on this page. </td><td> {{MSGNW:badarticleerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cannotdelete&action=edit cannotdelete] </td><td> Could not delete the page or image specified. (It may have already been deleted by someone else.) </td><td> {{MSGNW:cannotdelete}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badtitle&action=edit badtitle] </td><td> Bad title </td><td> {{MSGNW:badtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badtitletext&action=edit badtitletext] </td><td> The requested page title was invalid, empty, or an incorrectly linked inter-language or inter-wiki title. </td><td> {{MSGNW:badtitletext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Perfdisabled&action=edit perfdisabled] </td><td> Sorry! This feature has been temporarily disabled because it slows the database down to the point that no one can use the wiki. </td><td> {{MSGNW:perfdisabled}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Perfdisabledsub&action=edit perfdisabledsub] </td><td> Here's a saved copy from $1: </td><td> {{MSGNW:perfdisabledsub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wrong_wfQuery_params&action=edit wrong_wfQuery_params] </td><td> Incorrect parameters to wfQuery() Function: $1 Query: $2 </td><td> {{MSGNW:wrong_wfQuery_params}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Viewsource&action=edit viewsource] </td><td> View source </td><td> {{MSGNW:viewsource}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectedtext&action=edit protectedtext] </td><td> This page has been locked to prevent editing; there are a number of reasons why this may be so, please see [[Wikipedia:Protected page]]. You can view and copy the source of this page: </td><td> {{MSGNW:protectedtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Logouttitle&action=edit logouttitle] </td><td> User logout </td><td> {{MSGNW:logouttitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Logouttext&action=edit logouttext] </td><td> You are now logged out. You can continue to use Wikipedia anonymously, or you can log in again as the same or as a different user. Note that some pages may continue to be displayed as if you were still logged in, until you clear your browser cache </td><td> {{MSGNW:logouttext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Welcomecreation&action=edit welcomecreation] </td><td> <h2>Welcome, $1!</h2>Your account has been created. Don't forget to personalize your wikipedia preferences. </td><td> {{MSGNW:welcomecreation}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginpagetitle&action=edit loginpagetitle] </td><td> User login </td><td> {{MSGNW:loginpagetitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourname&action=edit yourname] </td><td> Your user name </td><td> {{MSGNW:yourname}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourpassword&action=edit yourpassword] </td><td> Your password </td><td> {{MSGNW:yourpassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourpasswordagain&action=edit yourpasswordagain] </td><td> Retype password </td><td> {{MSGNW:yourpasswordagain}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newusersonly&action=edit newusersonly] </td><td> (new users only) </td><td> {{MSGNW:newusersonly}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Remembermypassword&action=edit remembermypassword] </td><td> Remember my password across sessions. </td><td> {{MSGNW:remembermypassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginproblem&action=edit loginproblem] </td><td> There has been a problem with your login. Try again! </td><td> {{MSGNW:loginproblem}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Alreadyloggedin&action=edit alreadyloggedin] </td><td> User $1, you are already logged in! </td><td> {{MSGNW:alreadyloggedin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Login&action=edit login] </td><td> Log in </td><td> {{MSGNW:login}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginprompt&action=edit loginprompt] </td><td> You must have cookies enabled to log in to Wikipedia. </td><td> {{MSGNW:loginprompt}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userlogin&action=edit userlogin] </td><td> Log in </td><td> {{MSGNW:userlogin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Logout&action=edit logout] </td><td> Log out </td><td> {{MSGNW:logout}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userlogout&action=edit userlogout] </td><td> Log out </td><td> {{MSGNW:userlogout}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notloggedin&action=edit notloggedin] </td><td> Not logged in </td><td> {{MSGNW:notloggedin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Createaccount&action=edit createaccount] </td><td> Create new account </td><td> {{MSGNW:createaccount}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Createaccountmail&action=edit createaccountmail] </td><td> by eMail </td><td> {{MSGNW:createaccountmail}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badretype&action=edit badretype] </td><td> The passwords you entered do not match. </td><td> {{MSGNW:badretype}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userexists&action=edit userexists] </td><td> The user name you entered is already in use. Please choose a different name. </td><td> {{MSGNW:userexists}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Youremail&action=edit youremail] </td><td> Your e-mail* </td><td> {{MSGNW:youremail}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yournick&action=edit yournick] </td><td> Your nickname (for signatures) </td><td> {{MSGNW:yournick}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailforlost&action=edit emailforlost] </td><td> * Entering an email address is optional. But it enables people to contact you through the website without you having to reveal your email address to them, and it also helps you if you forget your password. </td><td> {{MSGNW:emailforlost}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginerror&action=edit loginerror] </td><td> Login error </td><td> {{MSGNW:loginerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nocookiesnew&action=edit nocookiesnew] </td><td> The user account was created, but you are not logged in. Wikipedia uses cookies to log in users. You have cookies disabled. Please enable them, then log in with your new username and password. </td><td> {{MSGNW:nocookiesnew}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nocookieslogin&action=edit nocookieslogin] </td><td> Wikipedia uses cookies to log in users. You have cookies disabled. Please enable them and try again. </td><td> {{MSGNW:nocookieslogin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noname&action=edit noname] </td><td> You have not specified a valid user name. </td><td> {{MSGNW:noname}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginsuccesstitle&action=edit loginsuccesstitle] </td><td> Login successful </td><td> {{MSGNW:loginsuccesstitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginsuccess&action=edit loginsuccess] </td><td> You are now logged in to Wikipedia as "$1". </td><td> {{MSGNW:loginsuccess}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nosuchuser&action=edit nosuchuser] </td><td> There is no user by the name "$1". Check your spelling, or use the form below to create a new user account. </td><td> {{MSGNW:nosuchuser}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wrongpassword&action=edit wrongpassword] </td><td> The password you entered is incorrect. Please try again. </td><td> {{MSGNW:wrongpassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mailmypassword&action=edit mailmypassword] </td><td> Mail me a new password </td><td> {{MSGNW:mailmypassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Passwordremindertitle&action=edit passwordremindertitle] </td><td> Password reminder from Wikipedia </td><td> {{MSGNW:passwordremindertitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Passwordremindertext&action=edit passwordremindertext] </td><td> Someone (probably you, from IP address $1) requested that we send you a new Wikipedia login password. The password for user "$2" is now "$3". You should log in and change your password now. </td><td> {{MSGNW:passwordremindertext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noemail&action=edit noemail] </td><td> There is no e-mail address recorded for user "$1". </td><td> {{MSGNW:noemail}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Passwordsent&action=edit passwordsent] </td><td> A new password has been sent to the e-mail address registered for "$1". Please log in again after you receive it. </td><td> {{MSGNW:passwordsent}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginend&action=edit loginend] </td><td> &lt;loginend&gt; </td><td> {{MSGNW:loginend}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bold_sample&action=edit bold_sample] </td><td> Bold text </td><td> {{MSGNW:bold_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bold_tip&action=edit bold_tip] </td><td> Bold text </td><td> {{MSGNW:bold_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Italic_sample&action=edit italic_sample] </td><td> Italic text </td><td> {{MSGNW:italic_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Italic_tip&action=edit italic_tip] </td><td> Italic text </td><td> {{MSGNW:italic_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Link_sample&action=edit link_sample] </td><td> Link title </td><td> {{MSGNW:link_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Link_tip&action=edit link_tip] </td><td> Internal link </td><td> {{MSGNW:link_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Extlink_sample&action=edit extlink_sample] </td><td> http://www.example.com link title </td><td> {{MSGNW:extlink_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Extlink_tip&action=edit extlink_tip] </td><td> External link (remember http:// prefix) </td><td> {{MSGNW:extlink_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Headline_sample&action=edit headline_sample] </td><td> Headline text </td><td> {{MSGNW:headline_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Headline_tip&action=edit headline_tip] </td><td> Level 2 headline </td><td> {{MSGNW:headline_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_sample&action=edit math_sample] </td><td> Insert formula here </td><td> {{MSGNW:math_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_tip&action=edit math_tip] </td><td> Mathematical formula (LaTeX) </td><td> {{MSGNW:math_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nowiki_sample&action=edit nowiki_sample] </td><td> Insert non-formatted text here </td><td> {{MSGNW:nowiki_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nowiki_tip&action=edit nowiki_tip] </td><td> Ignore wiki formatting </td><td> {{MSGNW:nowiki_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Image_sample&action=edit image_sample] </td><td> Example.jpg </td><td> {{MSGNW:image_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Image_tip&action=edit image_tip] </td><td> Embedded image </td><td> {{MSGNW:image_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Media_sample&action=edit media_sample] </td><td> Example.mp3 </td><td> {{MSGNW:media_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Media_tip&action=edit media_tip] </td><td> Media file link </td><td> {{MSGNW:media_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sig_tip&action=edit sig_tip] </td><td> Your signature with timestamp </td><td> {{MSGNW:sig_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Hr_tip&action=edit hr_tip] </td><td> Horizontal line (use sparingly) </td><td> {{MSGNW:hr_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Infobox&action=edit infobox] </td><td> Click a button to get an example text </td><td> {{MSGNW:infobox}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Summary&action=edit summary] </td><td> Summary </td><td> {{MSGNW:summary}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Subject&action=edit subject] </td><td> Subject/headline </td><td> {{MSGNW:subject}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Minoredit&action=edit minoredit] </td><td> This is a minor edit </td><td> {{MSGNW:minoredit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchthis&action=edit watchthis] </td><td> Watch this article </td><td> {{MSGNW:watchthis}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Savearticle&action=edit savearticle] </td><td> Save page </td><td> {{MSGNW:savearticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Preview&action=edit preview] </td><td> Preview </td><td> {{MSGNW:preview}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showpreview&action=edit showpreview] </td><td> Show preview </td><td> {{MSGNW:showpreview}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockedtitle&action=edit blockedtitle] </td><td> User is blocked </td><td> {{MSGNW:blockedtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockedtext&action=edit blockedtext] </td><td> Your user name or IP address has been blocked by $1. The reason given is this: ''$2''You may contact $1 or one of the other [[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrators]] to discuss the block. Note that you may not use the "email this user" feature unless you have a valid email address registered in your [[Special:Preferences|user preferences]]. Your IP address is $3. Please include this address in any queries you make. ==Note to AOL users== Due to continuing acts of vandalism by one particular AOL user, Wikipedia often blocks AOL proxies. Unfortunately, a single proxy server may be used by a large number of AOL users, and hence innocent AOL users are often inadvertently blocked. We apologise for any inconvenience caused. If this happens to you, please email an administrator, using an AOL email address. Be sure to include the IP address given above. </td><td> {{MSGNW:blockedtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistedittitle&action=edit whitelistedittitle] </td><td> Login required to edit </td><td> {{MSGNW:whitelistedittitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistedittext&action=edit whitelistedittext] </td><td> You have to [[Special:Userlogin|login]] to edit articles. </td><td> {{MSGNW:whitelistedittext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistreadtitle&action=edit whitelistreadtitle] </td><td> Login required to read </td><td> {{MSGNW:whitelistreadtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistreadtext&action=edit whitelistreadtext] </td><td> You have to [[Special:Userlogin|login]] to read articles. </td><td> {{MSGNW:whitelistreadtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistacctitle&action=edit whitelistacctitle] </td><td> You are not allowed to create an account </td><td> {{MSGNW:whitelistacctitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistacctext&action=edit whitelistacctext] </td><td> To be allowed to create accounts in this Wiki you have to [[Special:Userlogin|log]] in and have the appropriate permissions. </td><td> {{MSGNW:whitelistacctext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accmailtitle&action=edit accmailtitle] </td><td> Password sent. </td><td> {{MSGNW:accmailtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accmailtext&action=edit accmailtext] </td><td> The Password for '$1' has been sent to $2. </td><td> {{MSGNW:accmailtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newarticle&action=edit newarticle] </td><td> (New) </td><td> {{MSGNW:newarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newarticletext&action=edit newarticletext] </td><td> You've followed a link to a page that doesn't exist yet. To create the page, start typing in the box below (see the [[Wikipedia:Help|help page]] for more info). If you are here by mistake, just click your browser's '''back''' button. </td><td> {{MSGNW:newarticletext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Anontalkpagetext&action=edit anontalkpagetext] </td><td> ---- ''This is the discussion page for an anonymous user who has not created an account yet or who does not use it. We therefore have to use the numerical [[IP address]] to identify him/her. Such an IP address can be shared by several users. If you are an anonymous user and feel that irrelevant comments have been directed at you, please [[Special:Userlogin|create an account or log in]] to avoid future confusion with other anonymous users.'' </td><td> {{MSGNW:anontalkpagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noarticletext&action=edit noarticletext] </td><td> (There is currently no text in this page) </td><td> {{MSGNW:noarticletext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Updated&action=edit updated] </td><td> (Updated) </td><td> {{MSGNW:updated}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Note&action=edit note] </td><td> Note: </td><td> {{MSGNW:note}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Previewnote&action=edit previewnote] </td><td> Remember that this is only a preview, and has not yet been saved! </td><td> {{MSGNW:previewnote}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Previewconflict&action=edit previewconflict] </td><td> This preview reflects the text in the upper text editing area as it will appear if you choose to save. </td><td> {{MSGNW:previewconflict}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editing&action=edit editing] </td><td> Editing $1 </td><td> {{MSGNW:editing}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sectionedit&action=edit sectionedit] </td><td> (section) </td><td> {{MSGNW:sectionedit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Commentedit&action=edit commentedit] </td><td> (comment) </td><td> {{MSGNW:commentedit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editconflict&action=edit editconflict] </td><td> Edit conflict: $1 </td><td> {{MSGNW:editconflict}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Explainconflict&action=edit explainconflict] </td><td> Someone else has changed this page since you started editing it. The upper text area contains the page text as it currently exists. Your changes are shown in the lower text area. You will have to merge your changes into the existing text. Only the text in the upper text area will be saved when you press "Save page". </td><td> {{MSGNW:explainconflict}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourtext&action=edit yourtext] </td><td> Your text </td><td> {{MSGNW:yourtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Storedversion&action=edit storedversion] </td><td> Stored version </td><td> {{MSGNW:storedversion}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editingold&action=edit editingold] </td><td> WARNING: You are editing an out-of-date revision of this page. If you save it, any changes made since this revision will be lost. </td><td> {{MSGNW:editingold}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourdiff&action=edit yourdiff] </td><td> Differences </td><td> {{MSGNW:yourdiff}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Copyrightwarning&action=edit copyrightwarning] </td><td> Please note that all contributions to Wikipedia are considered to be released under the GNU Free Documentation License (see $1 for details). If you don't want your writing to be edited mercilessly and redistributed at will, then don't submit it here. You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource. DO NOT SUBMIT COPYRIGHTED WORK WITHOUT PERMISSION! </td><td> {{MSGNW:copyrightwarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Longpagewarning&action=edit longpagewarning] </td><td> WARNING: This page is $1 kilobytes long; some browsers may have problems editing pages approaching or longer than 32kb. Please consider breaking the page into smaller sections. </td><td> {{MSGNW:longpagewarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Readonlywarning&action=edit readonlywarning] </td><td> WARNING: The database has been locked for maintenance, so you will not be able to save your edits right now. You may wish to cut-n-paste the text into a text file and save it for later. </td><td> {{MSGNW:readonlywarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectedpagewarning&action=edit protectedpagewarning] </td><td> WARNING: This page has been locked so that only users with sysop privileges can edit it. Be sure you are following the <a href='/wiki/Wikipedia:Protected_page_guidelines'>protected page guidelines</a>. </td><td> {{MSGNW:protectedpagewarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revhistory&action=edit revhistory] </td><td> Revision history </td><td> {{MSGNW:revhistory}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nohistory&action=edit nohistory] </td><td> There is no edit history for this page. </td><td> {{MSGNW:nohistory}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revnotfound&action=edit revnotfound] </td><td> Revision not found </td><td> {{MSGNW:revnotfound}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revnotfoundtext&action=edit revnotfoundtext] </td><td> The old revision of the page you asked for could not be found. Please check the URL you used to access this page. </td><td> {{MSGNW:revnotfoundtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loadhist&action=edit loadhist] </td><td> Loading page history </td><td> {{MSGNW:loadhist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Currentrev&action=edit currentrev] </td><td> Current revision </td><td> {{MSGNW:currentrev}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revisionasof&action=edit revisionasof] </td><td> Revision as of $1 </td><td> {{MSGNW:revisionasof}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cur&action=edit cur] </td><td> cur </td><td> {{MSGNW:cur}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Next&action=edit next] </td><td> next </td><td> {{MSGNW:next}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Last&action=edit last] </td><td> last </td><td> {{MSGNW:last}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Orig&action=edit orig] </td><td> orig </td><td> {{MSGNW:orig}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Histlegend&action=edit histlegend] </td><td> Legend: (cur) = difference with current version, (last) = difference with preceding version, M = minor edit </td><td> {{MSGNW:histlegend}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Difference&action=edit difference] </td><td> (Difference between revisions) </td><td> {{MSGNW:difference}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loadingrev&action=edit loadingrev] </td><td> loading revision for diff </td><td> {{MSGNW:loadingrev}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lineno&action=edit lineno] </td><td> Line $1: </td><td> {{MSGNW:lineno}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editcurrent&action=edit editcurrent] </td><td> Edit the current version of this page </td><td> {{MSGNW:editcurrent}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchresults&action=edit searchresults] </td><td> Search results </td><td> {{MSGNW:searchresults}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchhelppage&action=edit searchhelppage] </td><td> Wikipedia:Searching </td><td> {{MSGNW:searchhelppage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchingwikipedia&action=edit searchingwikipedia] </td><td> Searching Wikipedia </td><td> {{MSGNW:searchingwikipedia}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchresulttext&action=edit searchresulttext] </td><td> For more information about searching Wikipedia, see $1. </td><td> {{MSGNW:searchresulttext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchquery&action=edit searchquery] </td><td> For query "$1" </td><td> {{MSGNW:searchquery}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badquery&action=edit badquery] </td><td> Badly formed search query </td><td> {{MSGNW:badquery}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badquerytext&action=edit badquerytext] </td><td> We could not process your query. This is probably because you have attempted to search for a word fewer than three letters long, which is not yet supported. It could also be that you have mistyped the expression, for example "fish and and scales". Please try another query. </td><td> {{MSGNW:badquerytext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Matchtotals&action=edit matchtotals] </td><td> The query "$1" matched $2 article titles and the text of $3 articles. </td><td> {{MSGNW:matchtotals}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nogomatch&action=edit nogomatch] </td><td> No page with this exact title exists, trying full text search. </td><td> {{MSGNW:nogomatch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Titlematches&action=edit titlematches] </td><td> Article title matches </td><td> {{MSGNW:titlematches}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notitlematches&action=edit notitlematches] </td><td> No article title matches </td><td> {{MSGNW:notitlematches}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Textmatches&action=edit textmatches] </td><td> Article text matches </td><td> {{MSGNW:textmatches}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notextmatches&action=edit notextmatches] </td><td> No article text matches </td><td> {{MSGNW:notextmatches}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prevn&action=edit prevn] </td><td> previous $1 </td><td> {{MSGNW:prevn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nextn&action=edit nextn] </td><td> next $1 </td><td> {{MSGNW:nextn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Viewprevnext&action=edit viewprevnext] </td><td> View ($1) ($2) ($3). </td><td> {{MSGNW:viewprevnext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showingresults&action=edit showingresults] </td><td> Showing below $1 results starting with #$2. </td><td> {{MSGNW:showingresults}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showingresultsnum&action=edit showingresultsnum] </td><td> Showing below $3 results starting with #$2. </td><td> {{MSGNW:showingresultsnum}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nonefound&action=edit nonefound] </td><td> Note: unsuccessful searches are often caused by searching for common words like "have" and "from", which are not indexed, or by specifying more than one search term (only pages containing all of the search terms will appear in the result). </td><td> {{MSGNW:nonefound}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Powersearch&action=edit powersearch] </td><td> Search </td><td> {{MSGNW:powersearch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Powersearchtext&action=edit powersearchtext] </td><td> Search in namespaces : $1 $2 List redirects &nbsp; Search for $3 $9 </td><td> {{MSGNW:powersearchtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchdisabled&action=edit searchdisabled] </td><td> Sorry! Full text search has been disabled temporarily, for performance reasons. In the meantime, you can use the Google search below, which may be out of date.  <FORM method=GET action="http://www.google.com/search"> <TABLE bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><tr><td> <A HREF="http://www.google.com/"> <IMG SRC="http://www.google.com/logos/Logo_40wht.gif" border="0" ALT="Google"></A> </td> <td> <INPUT TYPE=text name=q size=31 maxlength=255 value="$1"> <INPUT type=submit name=btnG VALUE="Google Search"> <input type=hidden name=domains value="http://si.wikipedia.org"> <input type=radio name=sitesearch value=""> WWW <input type=radio name=sitesearch value="http://si.wikipedia.org" checked> http://si.wikipedia.org <input type='hidden' name='ie' value='$2'> <input type='hidden' name='oe' value='$2'> </td></tr></TABLE> </FORM>  </td><td> {{MSGNW:searchdisabled}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blanknamespace&action=edit blanknamespace] </td><td> (Main) </td><td> {{MSGNW:blanknamespace}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Preferences&action=edit preferences] </td><td> Preferences </td><td> {{MSGNW:preferences}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefsnologin&action=edit prefsnologin] </td><td> Not logged in </td><td> {{MSGNW:prefsnologin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefsnologintext&action=edit prefsnologintext] </td><td> You must be <a href="/wiki/Special:Userlogin">logged in</a> to set user preferences. </td><td> {{MSGNW:prefsnologintext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefslogintext&action=edit prefslogintext] </td><td> You are logged in as "$1". Your internal ID number is $2. See [[Wikipedia:User preferences help]] for help deciphering the options. </td><td> {{MSGNW:prefslogintext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefsreset&action=edit prefsreset] </td><td> Preferences have been reset from storage. </td><td> {{MSGNW:prefsreset}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbsettings&action=edit qbsettings] </td><td> Quickbar settings </td><td> {{MSGNW:qbsettings}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Changepassword&action=edit changepassword] </td><td> Change password </td><td> {{MSGNW:changepassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Skin&action=edit skin] </td><td> Skin </td><td> {{MSGNW:skin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math&action=edit math] </td><td> Rendering math </td><td> {{MSGNW:math}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dateformat&action=edit dateformat] </td><td> Date format </td><td> {{MSGNW:dateformat}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_failure&action=edit math_failure] </td><td> Failed to parse </td><td> {{MSGNW:math_failure}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_unknown_error&action=edit math_unknown_error] </td><td> unknown error </td><td> {{MSGNW:math_unknown_error}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_unknown_function&action=edit math_unknown_function] </td><td> unknown function </td><td> {{MSGNW:math_unknown_function}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_lexing_error&action=edit math_lexing_error] </td><td> lexing error </td><td> {{MSGNW:math_lexing_error}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_syntax_error&action=edit math_syntax_error] </td><td> syntax error </td><td> {{MSGNW:math_syntax_error}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_image_error&action=edit math_image_error] </td><td> PNG conversion failed </td><td> {{MSGNW:math_image_error}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Saveprefs&action=edit saveprefs] </td><td> Save preferences </td><td> {{MSGNW:saveprefs}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Resetprefs&action=edit resetprefs] </td><td> Reset preferences </td><td> {{MSGNW:resetprefs}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Oldpassword&action=edit oldpassword] </td><td> Old password </td><td> {{MSGNW:oldpassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newpassword&action=edit newpassword] </td><td> New password </td><td> {{MSGNW:newpassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Retypenew&action=edit retypenew] </td><td> Retype new password </td><td> {{MSGNW:retypenew}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Textboxsize&action=edit textboxsize] </td><td> Textbox dimensions </td><td> {{MSGNW:textboxsize}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rows&action=edit rows] </td><td> Rows </td><td> {{MSGNW:rows}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Columns&action=edit columns] </td><td> Columns </td><td> {{MSGNW:columns}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchresultshead&action=edit searchresultshead] </td><td> Search result settings </td><td> {{MSGNW:searchresultshead}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Resultsperpage&action=edit resultsperpage] </td><td> Hits to show per page </td><td> {{MSGNW:resultsperpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contextlines&action=edit contextlines] </td><td> Lines to show per hit </td><td> {{MSGNW:contextlines}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contextchars&action=edit contextchars] </td><td> Characters of context per line </td><td> {{MSGNW:contextchars}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Stubthreshold&action=edit stubthreshold] </td><td> Threshold for stub display </td><td> {{MSGNW:stubthreshold}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Recentchangescount&action=edit recentchangescount] </td><td> Number of titles in recent changes </td><td> {{MSGNW:recentchangescount}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Savedprefs&action=edit savedprefs] </td><td> Your preferences have been saved. </td><td> {{MSGNW:savedprefs}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Timezonetext&action=edit timezonetext] </td><td> Enter number of hours your local time differs from server time (UTC). </td><td> {{MSGNW:timezonetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Localtime&action=edit localtime] </td><td> Local time display </td><td> {{MSGNW:localtime}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Timezoneoffset&action=edit timezoneoffset] </td><td> Offset </td><td> {{MSGNW:timezoneoffset}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Servertime&action=edit servertime] </td><td> Server time is now </td><td> {{MSGNW:servertime}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Guesstimezone&action=edit guesstimezone] </td><td> Fill in from browser </td><td> {{MSGNW:guesstimezone}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailflag&action=edit emailflag] </td><td> Disable e-mail from other users </td><td> {{MSGNW:emailflag}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Defaultns&action=edit defaultns] </td><td> Search in these namespaces by default: </td><td> {{MSGNW:defaultns}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Changes&action=edit changes] </td><td> changes </td><td> {{MSGNW:changes}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Recentchanges&action=edit recentchanges] </td><td> Recent changes </td><td> {{MSGNW:recentchanges}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Recentchangestext&action=edit recentchangestext] </td><td> Track the most recent changes to the wiki on this page. </td><td> {{MSGNW:recentchangestext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rcloaderr&action=edit rcloaderr] </td><td> Loading recent changes </td><td> {{MSGNW:rcloaderr}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rcnote&action=edit rcnote] </td><td> Below are the last $1 changes in last $2 days. </td><td> {{MSGNW:rcnote}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rcnotefrom&action=edit rcnotefrom] </td><td> Below are the changes since $2 (up to $1 shown). </td><td> {{MSGNW:rcnotefrom}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rclistfrom&action=edit rclistfrom] </td><td> Show new changes starting from $1 </td><td> {{MSGNW:rclistfrom}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showhideminor&action=edit showhideminor] </td><td> $1 minor edits </td><td> {{MSGNW:showhideminor}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rclinks&action=edit rclinks] </td><td> Show last $1 changes in last $2 days; $3 </td><td> {{MSGNW:rclinks}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rchide&action=edit rchide] </td><td> in $4 form; $1 minor edits; $2 secondary namespaces; $3 multiple edits. </td><td> {{MSGNW:rchide}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rcliu&action=edit rcliu] </td><td> ; $1 edits from logged in users </td><td> {{MSGNW:rcliu}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Diff&action=edit diff] </td><td> diff </td><td> {{MSGNW:diff}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Hist&action=edit hist] </td><td> hist </td><td> {{MSGNW:hist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Hide&action=edit hide] </td><td> hide </td><td> {{MSGNW:hide}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Show&action=edit show] </td><td> show </td><td> {{MSGNW:show}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tableform&action=edit tableform] </td><td> table </td><td> {{MSGNW:tableform}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Listform&action=edit listform] </td><td> list </td><td> {{MSGNW:listform}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nchanges&action=edit nchanges] </td><td> $1 changes </td><td> {{MSGNW:nchanges}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Minoreditletter&action=edit minoreditletter] </td><td> M </td><td> {{MSGNW:minoreditletter}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newpageletter&action=edit newpageletter] </td><td> N </td><td> {{MSGNW:newpageletter}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Upload&action=edit upload] </td><td> Upload file </td><td> {{MSGNW:upload}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadbtn&action=edit uploadbtn] </td><td> Upload file </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploadbtn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadlink&action=edit uploadlink] </td><td> Upload images </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploadlink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Reupload&action=edit reupload] </td><td> Re-upload </td><td> {{MSGNW:reupload}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Reuploaddesc&action=edit reuploaddesc] </td><td> Return to the upload form. </td><td> {{MSGNW:reuploaddesc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadnologin&action=edit uploadnologin] </td><td> Not logged in </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploadnologin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadnologintext&action=edit uploadnologintext] </td><td> You must be <a href="/wiki/Special:Userlogin">logged in</a> to upload files. </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploadnologintext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadfile&action=edit uploadfile] </td><td> Upload images, sounds, documents etc. </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploadfile}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploaderror&action=edit uploaderror] </td><td> Upload error </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploaderror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadtext&action=edit uploadtext] </td><td> STOP! Before you upload here, make sure to read and follow the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_use_policy">image use policy</a>. If a file with the name you are specifying already exists on the wiki, it'll be replaced without warning. So unless you mean to update a file, it's a good idea to first check if such a file exists. To view or search previously uploaded images, go to the <a href="/wiki/Special:Imagelist">list of uploaded images</a>. Uploads and deletions are logged on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Upload_log">upload log</a>. Use the form below to upload new image files for use in illustrating your articles. On most browsers, you will see a "Browse..." button, which will bring up your operating system's standard file open dialog. Choosing a file will fill the name of that file into the text field next to the button. You must also check the box affirming that you are not violating any copyrights by uploading the file. Press the "Upload" button to finish the upload. This may take some time if you have a slow internet connection. The preferred formats are JPEG for photographic images, PNG for drawings and other iconic images, and OGG for sounds. Please name your files descriptively to avoid confusion. To include the image in an article, use a link in the form [[image:file.jpg]] or [[image:file.png|alt text]] or [[media:file.ogg]] for sounds. Please note that as with wiki pages, others may edit or delete your uploads if they think it serves the encyclopedia, and you may be blocked from uploading if you abuse the system. </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploadtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadlog&action=edit uploadlog] </td><td> upload log </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploadlog}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadlogpage&action=edit uploadlogpage] </td><td> Upload_log </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploadlogpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadlogpagetext&action=edit uploadlogpagetext] </td><td> Below is a list of the most recent file uploads. All times shown are server time (UTC). <ul> </ul> </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploadlogpagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filename&action=edit filename] </td><td> Filename </td><td> {{MSGNW:filename}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filedesc&action=edit filedesc] </td><td> Summary </td><td> {{MSGNW:filedesc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filestatus&action=edit filestatus] </td><td> Copyright status </td><td> {{MSGNW:filestatus}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filesource&action=edit filesource] </td><td> Source </td><td> {{MSGNW:filesource}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Affirmation&action=edit affirmation] </td><td> I affirm that the copyright holder of this file agrees to license it under the terms of the $1. </td><td> {{MSGNW:affirmation}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Copyrightpage&action=edit copyrightpage] </td><td> Wikipedia:Copyrights </td><td> {{MSGNW:copyrightpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Copyrightpagename&action=edit copyrightpagename] </td><td> Wikipedia copyright </td><td> {{MSGNW:copyrightpagename}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadedfiles&action=edit uploadedfiles] </td><td> Uploaded files </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploadedfiles}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noaffirmation&action=edit noaffirmation] </td><td> You must affirm that your upload does not violate any copyrights. </td><td> {{MSGNW:noaffirmation}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ignorewarning&action=edit ignorewarning] </td><td> Ignore warning and save file anyway. </td><td> {{MSGNW:ignorewarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Minlength&action=edit minlength] </td><td> Image names must be at least three letters. </td><td> {{MSGNW:minlength}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badfilename&action=edit badfilename] </td><td> Image name has been changed to "$1". </td><td> {{MSGNW:badfilename}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badfiletype&action=edit badfiletype] </td><td> ".$1" is not a recommended image file format. </td><td> {{MSGNW:badfiletype}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Largefile&action=edit largefile] </td><td> It is recommended that images not exceed 100k in size. </td><td> {{MSGNW:largefile}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Successfulupload&action=edit successfulupload] </td><td> Successful upload </td><td> {{MSGNW:successfulupload}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Fileuploaded&action=edit fileuploaded] </td><td> File "$1" uploaded successfully. Please follow this link: ($2) to the description page and fill in information about the file, such as where it came from, when it was created and by whom, and anything else you may know about it. </td><td> {{MSGNW:fileuploaded}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadwarning&action=edit uploadwarning] </td><td> Upload warning </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploadwarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Savefile&action=edit savefile] </td><td> Save file </td><td> {{MSGNW:savefile}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadedimage&action=edit uploadedimage] </td><td> uploaded "$1" </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploadedimage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploaddisabled&action=edit uploaddisabled] </td><td> Sorry, uploading is disabled. </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploaddisabled}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagelist&action=edit imagelist] </td><td> Image list </td><td> {{MSGNW:imagelist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagelisttext&action=edit imagelisttext] </td><td> Below is a list of $1 images sorted $2. </td><td> {{MSGNW:imagelisttext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Getimagelist&action=edit getimagelist] </td><td> fetching image list </td><td> {{MSGNW:getimagelist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ilshowmatch&action=edit ilshowmatch] </td><td> Show all images with names matching </td><td> {{MSGNW:ilshowmatch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ilsubmit&action=edit ilsubmit] </td><td> Search </td><td> {{MSGNW:ilsubmit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showlast&action=edit showlast] </td><td> Show last $1 images sorted $2. </td><td> {{MSGNW:showlast}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:All&action=edit all] </td><td> all </td><td> {{MSGNW:all}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Byname&action=edit byname] </td><td> by name </td><td> {{MSGNW:byname}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bydate&action=edit bydate] </td><td> by date </td><td> {{MSGNW:bydate}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bysize&action=edit bysize] </td><td> by size </td><td> {{MSGNW:bysize}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imgdelete&action=edit imgdelete] </td><td> del </td><td> {{MSGNW:imgdelete}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imgdesc&action=edit imgdesc] </td><td> desc </td><td> {{MSGNW:imgdesc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imglegend&action=edit imglegend] </td><td> Legend: (desc) = show/edit image description. </td><td> {{MSGNW:imglegend}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imghistory&action=edit imghistory] </td><td> Image history </td><td> {{MSGNW:imghistory}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revertimg&action=edit revertimg] </td><td> rev </td><td> {{MSGNW:revertimg}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deleteimg&action=edit deleteimg] </td><td> del </td><td> {{MSGNW:deleteimg}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imghistlegend&action=edit imghistlegend] </td><td> Legend: (cur) = this is the current image, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. Click on date to see image uploaded on that date. </td><td> {{MSGNW:imghistlegend}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagelinks&action=edit imagelinks] </td><td> Image links </td><td> {{MSGNW:imagelinks}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Linkstoimage&action=edit linkstoimage] </td><td> The following pages link to this image: </td><td> {{MSGNW:linkstoimage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nolinkstoimage&action=edit nolinkstoimage] </td><td> There are no pages that link to this image. </td><td> {{MSGNW:nolinkstoimage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Statistics&action=edit statistics] </td><td> Statistics </td><td> {{MSGNW:statistics}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitestats&action=edit sitestats] </td><td> Site statistics </td><td> {{MSGNW:sitestats}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userstats&action=edit userstats] </td><td> User statistics </td><td> {{MSGNW:userstats}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitestatstext&action=edit sitestatstext] </td><td> There are $1 total pages in the database. This includes "talk" pages, pages about Wikipedia, minimal "stub" pages, redirects, and others that probably don't qualify as articles. Excluding those, there are $2 pages that are probably legitimate articles. There have been a total of $3 page views, and $4 page edits since the software was upgraded (July 20, 2002). That comes to $5 average edits per page, and $6 views per edit. </td><td> {{MSGNW:sitestatstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userstatstext&action=edit userstatstext] </td><td> There are $1 registered users. $2 of these are administrators (see $3). </td><td> {{MSGNW:userstatstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Maintenance&action=edit maintenance] </td><td> Maintenance page </td><td> {{MSGNW:maintenance}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Maintnancepagetext&action=edit maintnancepagetext] </td><td> This page includes several handy tools for everyday maintenance. Some of these functions tend to stress the database, so please do not hit reload after every item you fixed ;-) </td><td> {{MSGNW:maintnancepagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Maintenancebacklink&action=edit maintenancebacklink] </td><td> Back to Maintenance Page </td><td> {{MSGNW:maintenancebacklink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disambiguations&action=edit disambiguations] </td><td> Disambiguation pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:disambiguations}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disambiguationspage&action=edit disambiguationspage] </td><td> Wikipedia:Links_to_disambiguating_pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:disambiguationspage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disambiguationstext&action=edit disambiguationstext] </td><td> The following articles link to a disambiguation page. They should link to the appropriate topic instead. A page is treated as dismbiguation if it is linked from $1. Links from other namespaces are not listed here. </td><td> {{MSGNW:disambiguationstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Doubleredirects&action=edit doubleredirects] </td><td> Double Redirects </td><td> {{MSGNW:doubleredirects}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Doubleredirectstext&action=edit doubleredirectstext] </td><td> Attention: This list may contain false positives. That usually means there is additional text with links below the first #REDIRECT. Each row contains links to the first and second redirect, as well as the first line of the second redirect text, usually giving the "real" taget article, which the first redirect should point to. </td><td> {{MSGNW:doubleredirectstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Brokenredirects&action=edit brokenredirects] </td><td> Broken Redirects </td><td> {{MSGNW:brokenredirects}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Brokenredirectstext&action=edit brokenredirectstext] </td><td> The following redirects link to a non-existing article. </td><td> {{MSGNW:brokenredirectstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Selflinks&action=edit selflinks] </td><td> Pages with Self Links </td><td> {{MSGNW:selflinks}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Selflinkstext&action=edit selflinkstext] </td><td> The following pages contain a link to themselves, which they should not. </td><td> {{MSGNW:selflinkstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mispeelings&action=edit mispeelings] </td><td> Pages with misspellings </td><td> {{MSGNW:mispeelings}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mispeelingstext&action=edit mispeelingstext] </td><td> The following pages contain a common misspelling, which are listed on $1. The correct spelling might be given (like this). </td><td> {{MSGNW:mispeelingstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mispeelingspage&action=edit mispeelingspage] </td><td> List of common misspellings </td><td> {{MSGNW:mispeelingspage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Missinglanguagelinks&action=edit missinglanguagelinks] </td><td> Missing Language Links </td><td> {{MSGNW:missinglanguagelinks}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Missinglanguagelinksbutton&action=edit missinglanguagelinksbutton] </td><td> Find missing language links for </td><td> {{MSGNW:missinglanguagelinksbutton}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Missinglanguagelinkstext&action=edit missinglanguagelinkstext] </td><td> These articles do not link to their counterpart in $1. Redirects and subpages are not shown. </td><td> {{MSGNW:missinglanguagelinkstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Orphans&action=edit orphans] </td><td> Orphaned pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:orphans}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lonelypages&action=edit lonelypages] </td><td> Orphaned pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:lonelypages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unusedimages&action=edit unusedimages] </td><td> Unused images </td><td> {{MSGNW:unusedimages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Popularpages&action=edit popularpages] </td><td> Popular pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:popularpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nviews&action=edit nviews] </td><td> $1 views </td><td> {{MSGNW:nviews}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wantedpages&action=edit wantedpages] </td><td> Wanted pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:wantedpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nlinks&action=edit nlinks] </td><td> $1 links </td><td> {{MSGNW:nlinks}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Allpages&action=edit allpages] </td><td> All pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:allpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Randompage&action=edit randompage] </td><td> Random page </td><td> {{MSGNW:randompage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Shortpages&action=edit shortpages] </td><td> Short pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:shortpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Longpages&action=edit longpages] </td><td> Long pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:longpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deadendpages&action=edit deadendpages] </td><td> Dead-end pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:deadendpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Listusers&action=edit listusers] </td><td> User list </td><td> {{MSGNW:listusers}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Specialpages&action=edit specialpages] </td><td> Special pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:specialpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Spheading&action=edit spheading] </td><td> Special pages for all users </td><td> {{MSGNW:spheading}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sysopspheading&action=edit sysopspheading] </td><td> For sysop use only </td><td> {{MSGNW:sysopspheading}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Developerspheading&action=edit developerspheading] </td><td> For developer use only </td><td> {{MSGNW:developerspheading}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectpage&action=edit protectpage] </td><td> Protect page </td><td> {{MSGNW:protectpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Recentchangeslinked&action=edit recentchangeslinked] </td><td> Related changes </td><td> {{MSGNW:recentchangeslinked}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rclsub&action=edit rclsub] </td><td> (to pages linked from "$1") </td><td> {{MSGNW:rclsub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Debug&action=edit debug] </td><td> Debug </td><td> {{MSGNW:debug}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newpages&action=edit newpages] </td><td> New pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:newpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ancientpages&action=edit ancientpages] </td><td> Oldest articles </td><td> {{MSGNW:ancientpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Intl&action=edit intl] </td><td> Interlanguage links </td><td> {{MSGNW:intl}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movethispage&action=edit movethispage] </td><td> Move this page </td><td> {{MSGNW:movethispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unusedimagestext&action=edit unusedimagestext] </td><td> Please note that other web sites such as the international Wikipedias may link to an image with a direct URL, and so may still be listed here despite being in active use. </td><td> {{MSGNW:unusedimagestext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Booksources&action=edit booksources] </td><td> Book sources </td><td> {{MSGNW:booksources}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Booksourcetext&action=edit booksourcetext] </td><td> Below is a list of links to other sites that sell new and used books, and may also have further information about books you are looking for. Wikipedia is not affiliated with any of these businesses, and this list should not be construed as an endorsement. </td><td> {{MSGNW:booksourcetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Alphaindexline&action=edit alphaindexline] </td><td> $1 to $2 </td><td> {{MSGNW:alphaindexline}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mailnologin&action=edit mailnologin] </td><td> No send address </td><td> {{MSGNW:mailnologin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mailnologintext&action=edit mailnologintext] </td><td> You must be <a href="/wiki/Special:Userlogin">logged in</a> and have a valid e-mail address in your <a href="/wiki/Special:Preferences">preferences</a> to send e-mail to other users. </td><td> {{MSGNW:mailnologintext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailuser&action=edit emailuser] </td><td> E-mail this user </td><td> {{MSGNW:emailuser}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailpage&action=edit emailpage] </td><td> E-mail user </td><td> {{MSGNW:emailpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailpagetext&action=edit emailpagetext] </td><td> If this user has entered a valid e-mail address in his or her user preferences, the form below will send a single message. The e-mail address you entered in your user preferences will appear as the "From" address of the mail, so the recipient will be able to reply. </td><td> {{MSGNW:emailpagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noemailtitle&action=edit noemailtitle] </td><td> No e-mail address </td><td> {{MSGNW:noemailtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noemailtext&action=edit noemailtext] </td><td> This user has not specified a valid e-mail address, or has chosen not to receive e-mail from other users. </td><td> {{MSGNW:noemailtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailfrom&action=edit emailfrom] </td><td> From </td><td> {{MSGNW:emailfrom}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailto&action=edit emailto] </td><td> To </td><td> {{MSGNW:emailto}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailsubject&action=edit emailsubject] </td><td> Subject </td><td> {{MSGNW:emailsubject}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailmessage&action=edit emailmessage] </td><td> Message </td><td> {{MSGNW:emailmessage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailsend&action=edit emailsend] </td><td> Send </td><td> {{MSGNW:emailsend}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailsent&action=edit emailsent] </td><td> E-mail sent </td><td> {{MSGNW:emailsent}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailsenttext&action=edit emailsenttext] </td><td> Your e-mail message has been sent. </td><td> {{MSGNW:emailsenttext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchlist&action=edit watchlist] </td><td> My watchlist </td><td> {{MSGNW:watchlist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchlistsub&action=edit watchlistsub] </td><td> (for user "$1") </td><td> {{MSGNW:watchlistsub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nowatchlist&action=edit nowatchlist] </td><td> You have no items on your watchlist. </td><td> {{MSGNW:nowatchlist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchnologin&action=edit watchnologin] </td><td> Not logged in </td><td> {{MSGNW:watchnologin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchnologintext&action=edit watchnologintext] </td><td> You must be <a href="/wiki/Special:Userlogin">logged in</a> to modify your watchlist. </td><td> {{MSGNW:watchnologintext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Addedwatch&action=edit addedwatch] </td><td> Added to watchlist </td><td> {{MSGNW:addedwatch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Addedwatchtext&action=edit addedwatchtext] </td><td> The page "$1" has been added to your <a href="/wiki/Special:Watchlist">watchlist</a>. Future changes to this page and its associated Talk page will be listed there, and the page will appear bolded in the <a href="/wiki/Special:Recentchanges">list of recent changes</a> to make it easier to pick out. If you want to remove the page from your watchlist later, click "Stop watching" in the sidebar. </td><td> {{MSGNW:addedwatchtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Removedwatch&action=edit removedwatch] </td><td> Removed from watchlist </td><td> {{MSGNW:removedwatch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Removedwatchtext&action=edit removedwatchtext] </td><td> The page "$1" has been removed from your watchlist. </td><td> {{MSGNW:removedwatchtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchthispage&action=edit watchthispage] </td><td> Watch this page </td><td> {{MSGNW:watchthispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unwatchthispage&action=edit unwatchthispage] </td><td> Stop watching </td><td> {{MSGNW:unwatchthispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notanarticle&action=edit notanarticle] </td><td> Not an article </td><td> {{MSGNW:notanarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchnochange&action=edit watchnochange] </td><td> None of your watched items were edited in the time period displayed. </td><td> {{MSGNW:watchnochange}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchdetails&action=edit watchdetails] </td><td> ($1 pages watched not counting talk pages; $2 total pages edited since cutoff; $3... <a href='$4'>show and edit complete list</a>.) </td><td> {{MSGNW:watchdetails}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchmethod-recent&action=edit watchmethod-recent] </td><td> checking recent edits for watched pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:watchmethod-recent}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchmethod-list&action=edit watchmethod-list] </td><td> checking watched pages for recent edits </td><td> {{MSGNW:watchmethod-list}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Removechecked&action=edit removechecked] </td><td> Remove checked items from watchlist </td><td> {{MSGNW:removechecked}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchlistcontains&action=edit watchlistcontains] </td><td> Your watchlist contains $1 pages. </td><td> {{MSGNW:watchlistcontains}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watcheditlist&action=edit watcheditlist] </td><td> Here's an alphabetical list of your watched pages. Check the boxes of pages you want to remove from your watchlist and click the 'remove checked' button at the bottom of the screen. </td><td> {{MSGNW:watcheditlist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Removingchecked&action=edit removingchecked] </td><td> Removing requested items from watchlist... </td><td> {{MSGNW:removingchecked}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Couldntremove&action=edit couldntremove] </td><td> Couldn't remove item '$1'... </td><td> {{MSGNW:couldntremove}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Iteminvalidname&action=edit iteminvalidname] </td><td> Problem with item '$1', invalid name... </td><td> {{MSGNW:iteminvalidname}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wlnote&action=edit wlnote] </td><td> Below are the last $1 changes in the last $2 hours. </td><td> {{MSGNW:wlnote}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wlshowlast&action=edit wlshowlast] </td><td> Show last $1 hours $2 days $3 </td><td> {{MSGNW:wlshowlast}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wlsaved&action=edit wlsaved] </td><td> This is a saved version of your watchlist. </td><td> {{MSGNW:wlsaved}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletepage&action=edit deletepage] </td><td> Delete page </td><td> {{MSGNW:deletepage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirm&action=edit confirm] </td><td> Confirm </td><td> {{MSGNW:confirm}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Excontent&action=edit excontent] </td><td> content was: </td><td> {{MSGNW:excontent}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Exbeforeblank&action=edit exbeforeblank] </td><td> content before blanking was: </td><td> {{MSGNW:exbeforeblank}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Exblank&action=edit exblank] </td><td> page was empty </td><td> {{MSGNW:exblank}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmdelete&action=edit confirmdelete] </td><td> Confirm delete </td><td> {{MSGNW:confirmdelete}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletesub&action=edit deletesub] </td><td> (Deleting "$1") </td><td> {{MSGNW:deletesub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Historywarning&action=edit historywarning] </td><td> Warning: The page you are about to delete has a history: </td><td> {{MSGNW:historywarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmdeletetext&action=edit confirmdeletetext] </td><td> You are about to permanently delete a page or image along with all of its history from the database. Please confirm that you intend to do this, that you understand the consequences, and that you are doing this in accordance with [[Wikipedia:Policy]]. </td><td> {{MSGNW:confirmdeletetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmcheck&action=edit confirmcheck] </td><td> Yes, I really want to delete this. </td><td> {{MSGNW:confirmcheck}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Actioncomplete&action=edit actioncomplete] </td><td> Action complete </td><td> {{MSGNW:actioncomplete}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletedtext&action=edit deletedtext] </td><td> "$1" has been deleted. See $2 for a record of recent deletions. </td><td> {{MSGNW:deletedtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletedarticle&action=edit deletedarticle] </td><td> deleted "$1" </td><td> {{MSGNW:deletedarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dellogpage&action=edit dellogpage] </td><td> Deletion_log </td><td> {{MSGNW:dellogpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dellogpagetext&action=edit dellogpagetext] </td><td> Below is a list of the most recent deletions. All times shown are server time (UTC). <ul> </ul> </td><td> {{MSGNW:dellogpagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletionlog&action=edit deletionlog] </td><td> deletion log </td><td> {{MSGNW:deletionlog}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Reverted&action=edit reverted] </td><td> Reverted to earlier revision </td><td> {{MSGNW:reverted}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletecomment&action=edit deletecomment] </td><td> Reason for deletion </td><td> {{MSGNW:deletecomment}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagereverted&action=edit imagereverted] </td><td> Revert to earlier version was successful. </td><td> {{MSGNW:imagereverted}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rollback&action=edit rollback] </td><td> Roll back edits </td><td> {{MSGNW:rollback}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rollbacklink&action=edit rollbacklink] </td><td> rollback </td><td> {{MSGNW:rollbacklink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rollbackfailed&action=edit rollbackfailed] </td><td> Rollback failed </td><td> {{MSGNW:rollbackfailed}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cantrollback&action=edit cantrollback] </td><td> Cannot revert edit; last contributor is only author of this article. </td><td> {{MSGNW:cantrollback}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Alreadyrolled&action=edit alreadyrolled] </td><td> Cannot rollback last edit of [[$1]] by [[User:$2|$2]] ([[User talk:$2|Talk]]); someone else has edited or rolled back the article already. Last edit was by [[User:$3|$3]] ([[User talk:$3|Talk]]). </td><td> {{MSGNW:alreadyrolled}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editcomment&action=edit editcomment] </td><td> The edit comment was: "$1". </td><td> {{MSGNW:editcomment}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revertpage&action=edit revertpage] </td><td> Reverted edit of $2, changed back to last version by $1 </td><td> {{MSGNW:revertpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectlogpage&action=edit protectlogpage] </td><td> Protection_log </td><td> {{MSGNW:protectlogpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectlogtext&action=edit protectlogtext] </td><td> Below is a list of page locks/unlocks. See [[Wikipedia:Protected page]] for more information. </td><td> {{MSGNW:protectlogtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectedarticle&action=edit protectedarticle] </td><td> protected [[$1]] </td><td> {{MSGNW:protectedarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unprotectedarticle&action=edit unprotectedarticle] </td><td> unprotected [[$1]] </td><td> {{MSGNW:unprotectedarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undelete&action=edit undelete] </td><td> Restore deleted page </td><td> {{MSGNW:undelete}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletepage&action=edit undeletepage] </td><td> View and restore deleted pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:undeletepage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletepagetext&action=edit undeletepagetext] </td><td> The following pages have been deleted but are still in the archive and can be restored. The archive may be periodically cleaned out. </td><td> {{MSGNW:undeletepagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletearticle&action=edit undeletearticle] </td><td> Restore deleted article </td><td> {{MSGNW:undeletearticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeleterevisions&action=edit undeleterevisions] </td><td> $1 revisions archived </td><td> {{MSGNW:undeleterevisions}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletehistory&action=edit undeletehistory] </td><td> If you restore the page, all revisions will be restored to the history. If a new page with the same name has been created since the deletion, the restored revisions will appear in the prior history, and the current revision of the live page will not be automatically replaced. </td><td> {{MSGNW:undeletehistory}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeleterevision&action=edit undeleterevision] </td><td> Deleted revision as of $1 </td><td> {{MSGNW:undeleterevision}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletebtn&action=edit undeletebtn] </td><td> Restore! </td><td> {{MSGNW:undeletebtn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletedarticle&action=edit undeletedarticle] </td><td> restored "$1" </td><td> {{MSGNW:undeletedarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletedtext&action=edit undeletedtext] </td><td> The article [[$1]] has been successfully restored. See [[Wikipedia:Deletion_log]] for a record of recent deletions and restorations. </td><td> {{MSGNW:undeletedtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contributions&action=edit contributions] </td><td> User contributions </td><td> {{MSGNW:contributions}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mycontris&action=edit mycontris] </td><td> My contributions </td><td> {{MSGNW:mycontris}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contribsub&action=edit contribsub] </td><td> For $1 </td><td> {{MSGNW:contribsub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nocontribs&action=edit nocontribs] </td><td> No changes were found matching these criteria. </td><td> {{MSGNW:nocontribs}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ucnote&action=edit ucnote] </td><td> Below are this user's last $1 changes in the last $2 days. </td><td> {{MSGNW:ucnote}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uclinks&action=edit uclinks] </td><td> View the last $1 changes; view the last $2 days. </td><td> {{MSGNW:uclinks}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uctop&action=edit uctop] </td><td> (top) </td><td> {{MSGNW:uctop}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notargettitle&action=edit notargettitle] </td><td> No target </td><td> {{MSGNW:notargettitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notargettext&action=edit notargettext] </td><td> You have not specified a target page or user to perform this function on. </td><td> {{MSGNW:notargettext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Linklistsub&action=edit linklistsub] </td><td> (List of links) </td><td> {{MSGNW:linklistsub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Linkshere&action=edit linkshere] </td><td> The following pages link to here: </td><td> {{MSGNW:linkshere}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nolinkshere&action=edit nolinkshere] </td><td> No pages link to here. </td><td> {{MSGNW:nolinkshere}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Isredirect&action=edit isredirect] </td><td> redirect page </td><td> {{MSGNW:isredirect}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockip&action=edit blockip] </td><td> Block user </td><td> {{MSGNW:blockip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockiptext&action=edit blockiptext] </td><td> Use the form below to block write access from a specific IP address or username. This should be done only only to prevent vandalism, and in accordance with [[Wikipedia:Policy|policy]]. Fill in a specific reason below (for example, citing particular pages that were vandalized). </td><td> {{MSGNW:blockiptext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipaddress&action=edit ipaddress] </td><td> IP Address/username </td><td> {{MSGNW:ipaddress}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipbreason&action=edit ipbreason] </td><td> Reason </td><td> {{MSGNW:ipbreason}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipbsubmit&action=edit ipbsubmit] </td><td> Block this user </td><td> {{MSGNW:ipbsubmit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badipaddress&action=edit badipaddress] </td><td> No user exists by that name </td><td> {{MSGNW:badipaddress}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noblockreason&action=edit noblockreason] </td><td> You must supply a reason for the block. </td><td> {{MSGNW:noblockreason}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockipsuccesssub&action=edit blockipsuccesssub] </td><td> Block succeeded </td><td> {{MSGNW:blockipsuccesssub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockipsuccesstext&action=edit blockipsuccesstext] </td><td> "$1" has been blocked. See [[Special:Ipblocklist|IP block list]] to review blocks. </td><td> {{MSGNW:blockipsuccesstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unblockip&action=edit unblockip] </td><td> Unblock user </td><td> {{MSGNW:unblockip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unblockiptext&action=edit unblockiptext] </td><td> Use the form below to restore write access to a previously blocked IP address or username. </td><td> {{MSGNW:unblockiptext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipusubmit&action=edit ipusubmit] </td><td> Unblock this address </td><td> {{MSGNW:ipusubmit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipusuccess&action=edit ipusuccess] </td><td> "$1" unblocked </td><td> {{MSGNW:ipusuccess}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipblocklist&action=edit ipblocklist] </td><td> List of blocked IP addresses and usernames </td><td> {{MSGNW:ipblocklist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklistline&action=edit blocklistline] </td><td> $1, $2 blocked $3 </td><td> {{MSGNW:blocklistline}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklink&action=edit blocklink] </td><td> block </td><td> {{MSGNW:blocklink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unblocklink&action=edit unblocklink] </td><td> unblock </td><td> {{MSGNW:unblocklink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contribslink&action=edit contribslink] </td><td> contribs </td><td> {{MSGNW:contribslink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Autoblocker&action=edit autoblocker] </td><td> Autoblocked because you share an IP address with "$1". Reason "$2". </td><td> {{MSGNW:autoblocker}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklogpage&action=edit blocklogpage] </td><td> Block_log </td><td> {{MSGNW:blocklogpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklogentry&action=edit blocklogentry] </td><td> blocked "$1" </td><td> {{MSGNW:blocklogentry}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklogtext&action=edit blocklogtext] </td><td> This is a log of user blocking and unblocking actions. Automatically blocked IP addresses are not be listed. See the [[Special:Ipblocklist|IP block list]] for the list of currently operational bans and blocks. </td><td> {{MSGNW:blocklogtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unblocklogentry&action=edit unblocklogentry] </td><td> unblocked "$1" </td><td> {{MSGNW:unblocklogentry}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockdb&action=edit lockdb] </td><td> Lock database </td><td> {{MSGNW:lockdb}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockdb&action=edit unlockdb] </td><td> Unlock database </td><td> {{MSGNW:unlockdb}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockdbtext&action=edit lockdbtext] </td><td> Locking the database will suspend the ability of all users to edit pages, change their preferences, edit their watchlists, and other things requiring changes in the database. Please confirm that this is what you intend to do, and that you will unlock the database when your maintenance is done. </td><td> {{MSGNW:lockdbtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockdbtext&action=edit unlockdbtext] </td><td> Unlocking the database will restore the ability of all users to edit pages, change their preferences, edit their watchlists, and other things requiring changes in the database. Please confirm that this is what you intend to do. </td><td> {{MSGNW:unlockdbtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockconfirm&action=edit lockconfirm] </td><td> Yes, I really want to lock the database. </td><td> {{MSGNW:lockconfirm}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockconfirm&action=edit unlockconfirm] </td><td> Yes, I really want to unlock the database. </td><td> {{MSGNW:unlockconfirm}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockbtn&action=edit lockbtn] </td><td> Lock database </td><td> {{MSGNW:lockbtn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockbtn&action=edit unlockbtn] </td><td> Unlock database </td><td> {{MSGNW:unlockbtn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Locknoconfirm&action=edit locknoconfirm] </td><td> You did not check the confirmation box. </td><td> {{MSGNW:locknoconfirm}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockdbsuccesssub&action=edit lockdbsuccesssub] </td><td> Database lock succeeded </td><td> {{MSGNW:lockdbsuccesssub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockdbsuccesssub&action=edit unlockdbsuccesssub] </td><td> Database lock removed </td><td> {{MSGNW:unlockdbsuccesssub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockdbsuccesstext&action=edit lockdbsuccesstext] </td><td> The database has been locked. Remember to remove the lock after your maintenance is complete. </td><td> {{MSGNW:lockdbsuccesstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockdbsuccesstext&action=edit unlockdbsuccesstext] </td><td> The database has been unlocked. </td><td> {{MSGNW:unlockdbsuccesstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Asksql&action=edit asksql] </td><td> SQL query </td><td> {{MSGNW:asksql}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Asksqltext&action=edit asksqltext] </td><td> Use the form below to make a direct query of the database. Use single quotes ('like this') to delimit string literals. This can often add considerable load to the server, so please use this function sparingly. </td><td> {{MSGNW:asksqltext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sqlislogged&action=edit sqlislogged] </td><td> Please note that all queries are logged. </td><td> {{MSGNW:sqlislogged}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sqlquery&action=edit sqlquery] </td><td> Enter query </td><td> {{MSGNW:sqlquery}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Querybtn&action=edit querybtn] </td><td> Submit query </td><td> {{MSGNW:querybtn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Selectonly&action=edit selectonly] </td><td> Only read-only queries are allowed. </td><td> {{MSGNW:selectonly}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Querysuccessful&action=edit querysuccessful] </td><td> Query successful </td><td> {{MSGNW:querysuccessful}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movepage&action=edit movepage] </td><td> Move page </td><td> {{MSGNW:movepage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movepagetext&action=edit movepagetext] </td><td> Using the form below will rename a page, moving all of its history to the new name. The old title will become a redirect page to the new title. Links to the old page title will not be changed; be sure to [[Special:Maintenance|check]] for double or broken redirects. You are responsible for making sure that links continue to point where they are supposed to go. Note that the page will '''not''' be moved if there is already a page at the new title, unless it is empty or a redirect and has no past edit history. This means that you can rename a page back to where it was just renamed from if you make a mistake, and you cannot overwrite an existing page. WARNING! This can be a drastic and unexpected change for a popular page; please be sure you understand the consequences of this before proceeding. </td><td> {{MSGNW:movepagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movepagetalktext&action=edit movepagetalktext] </td><td> The associated talk page, if any, will be automatically moved along with it '''unless:''' *You are moving the page across namespaces, *A non-empty talk page already exists under the new name, or *You uncheck the box below. In those cases, you will have to move or merge the page manually if desired. </td><td> {{MSGNW:movepagetalktext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movearticle&action=edit movearticle] </td><td> Move page </td><td> {{MSGNW:movearticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movenologin&action=edit movenologin] </td><td> Not logged in </td><td> {{MSGNW:movenologin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movenologintext&action=edit movenologintext] </td><td> You must be a registered user and <a href="/wiki/Special:Userlogin">logged in</a> to move a page. </td><td> {{MSGNW:movenologintext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newtitle&action=edit newtitle] </td><td> To new title </td><td> {{MSGNW:newtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movepagebtn&action=edit movepagebtn] </td><td> Move page </td><td> {{MSGNW:movepagebtn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Pagemovedsub&action=edit pagemovedsub] </td><td> Move succeeded </td><td> {{MSGNW:pagemovedsub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Pagemovedtext&action=edit pagemovedtext] </td><td> Page "[[$1]]" moved to "[[$2]]". </td><td> {{MSGNW:pagemovedtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Articleexists&action=edit articleexists] </td><td> A page of that name already exists, or the name you have chosen is not valid. Please choose another name. </td><td> {{MSGNW:articleexists}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talkexists&action=edit talkexists] </td><td> The page itself was moved successfully, but the talk page could not be moved because one already exists at the new title. Please merge them manually. </td><td> {{MSGNW:talkexists}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movedto&action=edit movedto] </td><td> moved to </td><td> {{MSGNW:movedto}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movetalk&action=edit movetalk] </td><td> Move "talk" page as well, if applicable. </td><td> {{MSGNW:movetalk}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talkpagemoved&action=edit talkpagemoved] </td><td> The corresponding talk page was also moved. </td><td> {{MSGNW:talkpagemoved}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talkpagenotmoved&action=edit talkpagenotmoved] </td><td> The corresponding talk page was not moved. </td><td> {{MSGNW:talkpagenotmoved}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:1movedto2&action=edit 1movedto2] </td><td> $1 moved to $2 </td><td> {{MSGNW:1movedto2}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Export&action=edit export] </td><td> Export pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:export}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Exporttext&action=edit exporttext] </td><td> You can export the text and editing history of a particular page or set of pages wrapped in some XML; this can then be imported into another wiki running MediaWiki software, transformed, or just kept for your private amusement. </td><td> {{MSGNW:exporttext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Exportcuronly&action=edit exportcuronly] </td><td> Include only the current revision, not the full history </td><td> {{MSGNW:exportcuronly}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Allmessages&action=edit allmessages] </td><td> All_messages </td><td> {{MSGNW:allmessages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Allmessagestext&action=edit allmessagestext] </td><td> This is a list of all messages available in the MediaWiki: namespace </td><td> {{MSGNW:allmessagestext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Thumbnail-more&action=edit thumbnail-more] </td><td> Enlarge </td><td> {{MSGNW:thumbnail-more}} </td></tr></table> 3197 2004-02-22T03:44:03Z MediaWiki default This is a list of all messages available in the MediaWiki: namespace <table border=1 width=100%><tr><td> '''Name''' </td><td> '''Default text''' </td><td> '''Current text''' </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:1movedto2&action=edit 1movedto2] </td><td> $1 moved to $2 </td><td> {{MSGNW:1movedto2}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:About&action=edit about] </td><td> About </td><td> {{MSGNW:about}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Aboutpage&action=edit aboutpage] </td><td> Wikipedia:About </td><td> {{MSGNW:aboutpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Aboutwikipedia&action=edit aboutwikipedia] </td><td> About Wikipedia </td><td> {{MSGNW:aboutwikipedia}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accmailtext&action=edit accmailtext] </td><td> The Password for '$1' has been sent to $2. </td><td> {{MSGNW:accmailtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accmailtitle&action=edit accmailtitle] </td><td> Password sent. </td><td> {{MSGNW:accmailtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Actioncomplete&action=edit actioncomplete] </td><td> Action complete </td><td> {{MSGNW:actioncomplete}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Addedwatch&action=edit addedwatch] </td><td> Added to watchlist </td><td> {{MSGNW:addedwatch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Addedwatchtext&action=edit addedwatchtext] </td><td> The page "$1" has been added to your <a href="/wiki/Special:Watchlist">watchlist</a>. Future changes to this page and its associated Talk page will be listed there, and the page will appear bolded in the <a href="/wiki/Special:Recentchanges">list of recent changes</a> to make it easier to pick out. If you want to remove the page from your watchlist later, click "Stop watching" in the sidebar. </td><td> {{MSGNW:addedwatchtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Administrators&action=edit administrators] </td><td> Wikipedia:Administrators </td><td> {{MSGNW:administrators}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Affirmation&action=edit affirmation] </td><td> I affirm that the copyright holder of this file agrees to license it under the terms of the $1. </td><td> {{MSGNW:affirmation}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:All&action=edit all] </td><td> all </td><td> {{MSGNW:all}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Allmessages&action=edit allmessages] </td><td> All_messages </td><td> {{MSGNW:allmessages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Allmessagestext&action=edit allmessagestext] </td><td> This is a list of all messages available in the MediaWiki: namespace </td><td> {{MSGNW:allmessagestext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Allpages&action=edit allpages] </td><td> All pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:allpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Alphaindexline&action=edit alphaindexline] </td><td> $1 to $2 </td><td> {{MSGNW:alphaindexline}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Alreadyloggedin&action=edit alreadyloggedin] </td><td> User $1, you are already logged in! </td><td> {{MSGNW:alreadyloggedin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Alreadyrolled&action=edit alreadyrolled] </td><td> Cannot rollback last edit of [[$1]] by [[User:$2|$2]] ([[User talk:$2|Talk]]); someone else has edited or rolled back the article already. Last edit was by [[User:$3|$3]] ([[User talk:$3|Talk]]). </td><td> {{MSGNW:alreadyrolled}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ancientpages&action=edit ancientpages] </td><td> Oldest articles </td><td> {{MSGNW:ancientpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Anontalkpagetext&action=edit anontalkpagetext] </td><td> ---- ''This is the discussion page for an anonymous user who has not created an account yet or who does not use it. We therefore have to use the numerical [[IP address]] to identify him/her. Such an IP address can be shared by several users. If you are an anonymous user and feel that irrelevant comments have been directed at you, please [[Special:Userlogin|create an account or log in]] to avoid future confusion with other anonymous users.'' </td><td> {{MSGNW:anontalkpagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Articleexists&action=edit articleexists] </td><td> A page of that name already exists, or the name you have chosen is not valid. Please choose another name. </td><td> {{MSGNW:articleexists}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Articlepage&action=edit articlepage] </td><td> View article </td><td> {{MSGNW:articlepage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Asksql&action=edit asksql] </td><td> SQL query </td><td> {{MSGNW:asksql}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Asksqltext&action=edit asksqltext] </td><td> Use the form below to make a direct query of the database. Use single quotes ('like this') to delimit string literals. This can often add considerable load to the server, so please use this function sparingly. </td><td> {{MSGNW:asksqltext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Autoblocker&action=edit autoblocker] </td><td> Autoblocked because you share an IP address with "$1". Reason "$2". </td><td> {{MSGNW:autoblocker}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badarticleerror&action=edit badarticleerror] </td><td> This action cannot be performed on this page. </td><td> {{MSGNW:badarticleerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badfilename&action=edit badfilename] </td><td> Image name has been changed to "$1". </td><td> {{MSGNW:badfilename}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badfiletype&action=edit badfiletype] </td><td> ".$1" is not a recommended image file format. </td><td> {{MSGNW:badfiletype}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badipaddress&action=edit badipaddress] </td><td> No user exists by that name </td><td> {{MSGNW:badipaddress}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badquery&action=edit badquery] </td><td> Badly formed search query </td><td> {{MSGNW:badquery}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badquerytext&action=edit badquerytext] </td><td> We could not process your query. This is probably because you have attempted to search for a word fewer than three letters long, which is not yet supported. It could also be that you have mistyped the expression, for example "fish and and scales". Please try another query. </td><td> {{MSGNW:badquerytext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badretype&action=edit badretype] </td><td> The passwords you entered do not match. </td><td> {{MSGNW:badretype}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badtitle&action=edit badtitle] </td><td> Bad title </td><td> {{MSGNW:badtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badtitletext&action=edit badtitletext] </td><td> The requested page title was invalid, empty, or an incorrectly linked inter-language or inter-wiki title. </td><td> {{MSGNW:badtitletext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blanknamespace&action=edit blanknamespace] </td><td> (Main) </td><td> {{MSGNW:blanknamespace}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockedtext&action=edit blockedtext] </td><td> Your user name or IP address has been blocked by $1. The reason given is this: ''$2''You may contact $1 or one of the other [[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrators]] to discuss the block. Note that you may not use the "email this user" feature unless you have a valid email address registered in your [[Special:Preferences|user preferences]]. Your IP address is $3. Please include this address in any queries you make. ==Note to AOL users== Due to continuing acts of vandalism by one particular AOL user, Wikipedia often blocks AOL proxies. Unfortunately, a single proxy server may be used by a large number of AOL users, and hence innocent AOL users are often inadvertently blocked. We apologise for any inconvenience caused. If this happens to you, please email an administrator, using an AOL email address. Be sure to include the IP address given above. </td><td> {{MSGNW:blockedtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockedtitle&action=edit blockedtitle] </td><td> User is blocked </td><td> {{MSGNW:blockedtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockip&action=edit blockip] </td><td> Block user </td><td> {{MSGNW:blockip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockipsuccesssub&action=edit blockipsuccesssub] </td><td> Block succeeded </td><td> {{MSGNW:blockipsuccesssub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockipsuccesstext&action=edit blockipsuccesstext] </td><td> "$1" has been blocked. See [[Special:Ipblocklist|IP block list]] to review blocks. </td><td> {{MSGNW:blockipsuccesstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockiptext&action=edit blockiptext] </td><td> Use the form below to block write access from a specific IP address or username. This should be done only only to prevent vandalism, and in accordance with [[Wikipedia:Policy|policy]]. Fill in a specific reason below (for example, citing particular pages that were vandalized). </td><td> {{MSGNW:blockiptext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklink&action=edit blocklink] </td><td> block </td><td> {{MSGNW:blocklink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklistline&action=edit blocklistline] </td><td> $1, $2 blocked $3 </td><td> {{MSGNW:blocklistline}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklogentry&action=edit blocklogentry] </td><td> blocked "$1" </td><td> {{MSGNW:blocklogentry}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklogpage&action=edit blocklogpage] </td><td> Block_log </td><td> {{MSGNW:blocklogpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklogtext&action=edit blocklogtext] </td><td> This is a log of user blocking and unblocking actions. Automatically blocked IP addresses are not be listed. See the [[Special:Ipblocklist|IP block list]] for the list of currently operational bans and blocks. </td><td> {{MSGNW:blocklogtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bold_sample&action=edit bold_sample] </td><td> Bold text </td><td> {{MSGNW:bold_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bold_tip&action=edit bold_tip] </td><td> Bold text </td><td> {{MSGNW:bold_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Booksources&action=edit booksources] </td><td> Book sources </td><td> {{MSGNW:booksources}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Booksourcetext&action=edit booksourcetext] </td><td> Below is a list of links to other sites that sell new and used books, and may also have further information about books you are looking for. Wikipedia is not affiliated with any of these businesses, and this list should not be construed as an endorsement. </td><td> {{MSGNW:booksourcetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Brokenredirects&action=edit brokenredirects] </td><td> Broken Redirects </td><td> {{MSGNW:brokenredirects}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Brokenredirectstext&action=edit brokenredirectstext] </td><td> The following redirects link to a non-existing article. </td><td> {{MSGNW:brokenredirectstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bugreports&action=edit bugreports] </td><td> Bug reports </td><td> {{MSGNW:bugreports}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bugreportspage&action=edit bugreportspage] </td><td> Wikipedia:Bug_reports </td><td> {{MSGNW:bugreportspage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bureaucratlog&action=edit bureaucratlog] </td><td> Bureaucrat_log </td><td> {{MSGNW:bureaucratlog}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bureaucratlogentry&action=edit bureaucratlogentry] </td><td> set $1: $2 </td><td> {{MSGNW:bureaucratlogentry}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bureaucrattext&action=edit bureaucrattext] </td><td> The action you have requested can only be performed by sysops with "bureaucrat" status. </td><td> {{MSGNW:bureaucrattext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bureaucrattitle&action=edit bureaucrattitle] </td><td> Bureaucrat access required </td><td> {{MSGNW:bureaucrattitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bydate&action=edit bydate] </td><td> by date </td><td> {{MSGNW:bydate}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Byname&action=edit byname] </td><td> by name </td><td> {{MSGNW:byname}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bysize&action=edit bysize] </td><td> by size </td><td> {{MSGNW:bysize}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cachederror&action=edit cachederror] </td><td> The following is a cached copy of the requested page, and may not be up to date. </td><td> {{MSGNW:cachederror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cancel&action=edit cancel] </td><td> Cancel </td><td> {{MSGNW:cancel}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cannotdelete&action=edit cannotdelete] </td><td> Could not delete the page or image specified. (It may have already been deleted by someone else.) </td><td> {{MSGNW:cannotdelete}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cantrollback&action=edit cantrollback] </td><td> Cannot revert edit; last contributor is only author of this article. </td><td> {{MSGNW:cantrollback}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Categories&action=edit categories] </td><td> Page categories </td><td> {{MSGNW:categories}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Category&action=edit category] </td><td> category </td><td> {{MSGNW:category}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Category_header&action=edit category_header] </td><td> Articles in category "$1" </td><td> {{MSGNW:category_header}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Changepassword&action=edit changepassword] </td><td> Change password </td><td> {{MSGNW:changepassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Changes&action=edit changes] </td><td> changes </td><td> {{MSGNW:changes}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Columns&action=edit columns] </td><td> Columns </td><td> {{MSGNW:columns}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Commentedit&action=edit commentedit] </td><td> (comment) </td><td> {{MSGNW:commentedit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirm&action=edit confirm] </td><td> Confirm </td><td> {{MSGNW:confirm}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmcheck&action=edit confirmcheck] </td><td> Yes, I really want to delete this. </td><td> {{MSGNW:confirmcheck}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmdelete&action=edit confirmdelete] </td><td> Confirm delete </td><td> {{MSGNW:confirmdelete}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmdeletetext&action=edit confirmdeletetext] </td><td> You are about to permanently delete a page or image along with all of its history from the database. Please confirm that you intend to do this, that you understand the consequences, and that you are doing this in accordance with [[Wikipedia:Policy]]. </td><td> {{MSGNW:confirmdeletetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contextchars&action=edit contextchars] </td><td> Characters of context per line </td><td> {{MSGNW:contextchars}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contextlines&action=edit contextlines] </td><td> Lines to show per hit </td><td> {{MSGNW:contextlines}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contribslink&action=edit contribslink] </td><td> contribs </td><td> {{MSGNW:contribslink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contribsub&action=edit contribsub] </td><td> For $1 </td><td> {{MSGNW:contribsub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contributions&action=edit contributions] </td><td> User contributions </td><td> {{MSGNW:contributions}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Copyrightpage&action=edit copyrightpage] </td><td> Wikipedia:Copyrights </td><td> {{MSGNW:copyrightpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Copyrightpagename&action=edit copyrightpagename] </td><td> Wikipedia copyright </td><td> {{MSGNW:copyrightpagename}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Copyrightwarning&action=edit copyrightwarning] </td><td> Please note that all contributions to Wikipedia are considered to be released under the GNU Free Documentation License (see $1 for details). If you don't want your writing to be edited mercilessly and redistributed at will, then don't submit it here. You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource. DO NOT SUBMIT COPYRIGHTED WORK WITHOUT PERMISSION! </td><td> {{MSGNW:copyrightwarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Couldntremove&action=edit couldntremove] </td><td> Couldn't remove item '$1'... </td><td> {{MSGNW:couldntremove}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Createaccount&action=edit createaccount] </td><td> Create new account </td><td> {{MSGNW:createaccount}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Createaccountmail&action=edit createaccountmail] </td><td> by eMail </td><td> {{MSGNW:createaccountmail}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cur&action=edit cur] </td><td> cur </td><td> {{MSGNW:cur}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Currentevents&action=edit currentevents] </td><td> Current events </td><td> {{MSGNW:currentevents}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Currentrev&action=edit currentrev] </td><td> Current revision </td><td> {{MSGNW:currentrev}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Databaseerror&action=edit databaseerror] </td><td> Database error </td><td> {{MSGNW:databaseerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dateformat&action=edit dateformat] </td><td> Date format </td><td> {{MSGNW:dateformat}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dberrortext&action=edit dberrortext] </td><td> A database query syntax error has occurred. This could be because of an illegal search query (see $5), or it may indicate a bug in the software. The last attempted database query was: <blockquote><tt>$1</tt></blockquote> from within function "<tt>$2</tt>". MySQL returned error "<tt>$3: $4</tt>". </td><td> {{MSGNW:dberrortext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dberrortextcl&action=edit dberrortextcl] </td><td> A database query syntax error has occurred. The last attempted database query was: "$1" from within function "$2". MySQL returned error "$3: $4". </td><td> {{MSGNW:dberrortextcl}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deadendpages&action=edit deadendpages] </td><td> Dead-end pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:deadendpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Debug&action=edit debug] </td><td> Debug </td><td> {{MSGNW:debug}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Defaultns&action=edit defaultns] </td><td> Search in these namespaces by default: </td><td> {{MSGNW:defaultns}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Defemailsubject&action=edit defemailsubject] </td><td> Wikipedia e-mail </td><td> {{MSGNW:defemailsubject}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletecomment&action=edit deletecomment] </td><td> Reason for deletion </td><td> {{MSGNW:deletecomment}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletedarticle&action=edit deletedarticle] </td><td> deleted "$1" </td><td> {{MSGNW:deletedarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletedtext&action=edit deletedtext] </td><td> "$1" has been deleted. See $2 for a record of recent deletions. </td><td> {{MSGNW:deletedtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deleteimg&action=edit deleteimg] </td><td> del </td><td> {{MSGNW:deleteimg}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletepage&action=edit deletepage] </td><td> Delete page </td><td> {{MSGNW:deletepage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletesub&action=edit deletesub] </td><td> (Deleting "$1") </td><td> {{MSGNW:deletesub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletethispage&action=edit deletethispage] </td><td> Delete this page </td><td> {{MSGNW:deletethispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletionlog&action=edit deletionlog] </td><td> deletion log </td><td> {{MSGNW:deletionlog}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dellogpage&action=edit dellogpage] </td><td> Deletion_log </td><td> {{MSGNW:dellogpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dellogpagetext&action=edit dellogpagetext] </td><td> Below is a list of the most recent deletions. All times shown are server time (UTC). <ul> </ul> </td><td> {{MSGNW:dellogpagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Developerspheading&action=edit developerspheading] </td><td> For developer use only </td><td> {{MSGNW:developerspheading}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Developertext&action=edit developertext] </td><td> The action you have requested can only be performed by users with "developer" status. See $1. </td><td> {{MSGNW:developertext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Developertitle&action=edit developertitle] </td><td> Developer access required </td><td> {{MSGNW:developertitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Diff&action=edit diff] </td><td> diff </td><td> {{MSGNW:diff}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Difference&action=edit difference] </td><td> (Difference between revisions) </td><td> {{MSGNW:difference}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disambiguations&action=edit disambiguations] </td><td> Disambiguation pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:disambiguations}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disambiguationspage&action=edit disambiguationspage] </td><td> Wikipedia:Links_to_disambiguating_pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:disambiguationspage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disambiguationstext&action=edit disambiguationstext] </td><td> The following articles link to a disambiguation page. They should link to the appropriate topic instead. A page is treated as dismbiguation if it is linked from $1. Links from other namespaces are not listed here. </td><td> {{MSGNW:disambiguationstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disclaimerpage&action=edit disclaimerpage] </td><td> Wikipedia:General_disclaimer </td><td> {{MSGNW:disclaimerpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disclaimers&action=edit disclaimers] </td><td> Disclaimers </td><td> {{MSGNW:disclaimers}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Doubleredirects&action=edit doubleredirects] </td><td> Double Redirects </td><td> {{MSGNW:doubleredirects}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Doubleredirectstext&action=edit doubleredirectstext] </td><td> Attention: This list may contain false positives. That usually means there is additional text with links below the first #REDIRECT. Each row contains links to the first and second redirect, as well as the first line of the second redirect text, usually giving the "real" taget article, which the first redirect should point to. </td><td> {{MSGNW:doubleredirectstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editcomment&action=edit editcomment] </td><td> The edit comment was: "$1". </td><td> {{MSGNW:editcomment}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editconflict&action=edit editconflict] </td><td> Edit conflict: $1 </td><td> {{MSGNW:editconflict}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editcurrent&action=edit editcurrent] </td><td> Edit the current version of this page </td><td> {{MSGNW:editcurrent}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Edithelp&action=edit edithelp] </td><td> Editing help </td><td> {{MSGNW:edithelp}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Edithelppage&action=edit edithelppage] </td><td> Wikipedia:How_does_one_edit_a_page </td><td> {{MSGNW:edithelppage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editing&action=edit editing] </td><td> Editing $1 </td><td> {{MSGNW:editing}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editingold&action=edit editingold] </td><td> WARNING: You are editing an out-of-date revision of this page. If you save it, any changes made since this revision will be lost. </td><td> {{MSGNW:editingold}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editsection&action=edit editsection] </td><td> edit </td><td> {{MSGNW:editsection}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editthispage&action=edit editthispage] </td><td> Edit this page </td><td> {{MSGNW:editthispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailflag&action=edit emailflag] </td><td> Disable e-mail from other users </td><td> {{MSGNW:emailflag}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailforlost&action=edit emailforlost] </td><td> * Entering an email address is optional. But it enables people to contact you through the website without you having to reveal your email address to them, and it also helps you if you forget your password. </td><td> {{MSGNW:emailforlost}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailfrom&action=edit emailfrom] </td><td> From </td><td> {{MSGNW:emailfrom}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailmessage&action=edit emailmessage] </td><td> Message </td><td> {{MSGNW:emailmessage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailpage&action=edit emailpage] </td><td> E-mail user </td><td> {{MSGNW:emailpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailpagetext&action=edit emailpagetext] </td><td> If this user has entered a valid e-mail address in his or her user preferences, the form below will send a single message. The e-mail address you entered in your user preferences will appear as the "From" address of the mail, so the recipient will be able to reply. </td><td> {{MSGNW:emailpagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailsend&action=edit emailsend] </td><td> Send </td><td> {{MSGNW:emailsend}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailsent&action=edit emailsent] </td><td> E-mail sent </td><td> {{MSGNW:emailsent}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailsenttext&action=edit emailsenttext] </td><td> Your e-mail message has been sent. </td><td> {{MSGNW:emailsenttext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailsubject&action=edit emailsubject] </td><td> Subject </td><td> {{MSGNW:emailsubject}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailto&action=edit emailto] </td><td> To </td><td> {{MSGNW:emailto}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailuser&action=edit emailuser] </td><td> E-mail this user </td><td> {{MSGNW:emailuser}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Enterlockreason&action=edit enterlockreason] </td><td> Enter a reason for the lock, including an estimate of when the lock will be released </td><td> {{MSGNW:enterlockreason}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Error&action=edit error] </td><td> Error </td><td> {{MSGNW:error}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Errorpagetitle&action=edit errorpagetitle] </td><td> Error </td><td> {{MSGNW:errorpagetitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Exbeforeblank&action=edit exbeforeblank] </td><td> content before blanking was: </td><td> {{MSGNW:exbeforeblank}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Exblank&action=edit exblank] </td><td> page was empty </td><td> {{MSGNW:exblank}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Excontent&action=edit excontent] </td><td> content was: </td><td> {{MSGNW:excontent}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Explainconflict&action=edit explainconflict] </td><td> Someone else has changed this page since you started editing it. The upper text area contains the page text as it currently exists. Your changes are shown in the lower text area. You will have to merge your changes into the existing text. Only the text in the upper text area will be saved when you press "Save page". </td><td> {{MSGNW:explainconflict}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Export&action=edit export] </td><td> Export pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:export}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Exportcuronly&action=edit exportcuronly] </td><td> Include only the current revision, not the full history </td><td> {{MSGNW:exportcuronly}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Exporttext&action=edit exporttext] </td><td> You can export the text and editing history of a particular page or set of pages wrapped in some XML; this can then be imported into another wiki running MediaWiki software, transformed, or just kept for your private amusement. </td><td> {{MSGNW:exporttext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Extlink_sample&action=edit extlink_sample] </td><td> http://www.example.com link title </td><td> {{MSGNW:extlink_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Extlink_tip&action=edit extlink_tip] </td><td> External link (remember http:// prefix) </td><td> {{MSGNW:extlink_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Faq&action=edit faq] </td><td> FAQ </td><td> {{MSGNW:faq}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Faqpage&action=edit faqpage] </td><td> Wikipedia:FAQ </td><td> {{MSGNW:faqpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filecopyerror&action=edit filecopyerror] </td><td> Could not copy file "$1" to "$2". </td><td> {{MSGNW:filecopyerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filedeleteerror&action=edit filedeleteerror] </td><td> Could not delete file "$1". </td><td> {{MSGNW:filedeleteerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filedesc&action=edit filedesc] </td><td> Summary </td><td> {{MSGNW:filedesc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filename&action=edit filename] </td><td> Filename </td><td> {{MSGNW:filename}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filenotfound&action=edit filenotfound] </td><td> Could not find file "$1". </td><td> {{MSGNW:filenotfound}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filerenameerror&action=edit filerenameerror] </td><td> Could not rename file "$1" to "$2". </td><td> {{MSGNW:filerenameerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filesource&action=edit filesource] </td><td> Source </td><td> {{MSGNW:filesource}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filestatus&action=edit filestatus] </td><td> Copyright status </td><td> {{MSGNW:filestatus}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Fileuploaded&action=edit fileuploaded] </td><td> File "$1" uploaded successfully. Please follow this link: ($2) to the description page and fill in information about the file, such as where it came from, when it was created and by whom, and anything else you may know about it. </td><td> {{MSGNW:fileuploaded}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Formerror&action=edit formerror] </td><td> Error: could not submit form </td><td> {{MSGNW:formerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Fromwikipedia&action=edit fromwikipedia] </td><td> From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. </td><td> {{MSGNW:fromwikipedia}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Getimagelist&action=edit getimagelist] </td><td> fetching image list </td><td> {{MSGNW:getimagelist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Gnunote&action=edit gnunote] </td><td> All text is available under the terms of the <a class=internal href='/wiki/GNU_FDL'>GNU Free Documentation License</a>. </td><td> {{MSGNW:gnunote}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Go&action=edit go] </td><td> Go </td><td> {{MSGNW:go}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Googlesearch&action=edit googlesearch] </td><td>  <FORM method=GET action="http://www.google.com/search"> <TABLE bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><tr><td> <A HREF="http://www.google.com/"> <IMG SRC="http://www.google.com/logos/Logo_40wht.gif" border="0" ALT="Google"></A> </td> <td> <INPUT TYPE=text name=q size=31 maxlength=255 value="$1"> <INPUT type=submit name=btnG VALUE="Google Search"> <input type=hidden name=domains value="http://si.wikipedia.org"> <input type=radio name=sitesearch value=""> WWW <input type=radio name=sitesearch value="http://si.wikipedia.org" checked> http://si.wikipedia.org <input type='hidden' name='ie' value='$2'> <input type='hidden' name='oe' value='$2'> </td></tr></TABLE> </FORM>  </td><td> {{MSGNW:googlesearch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Guesstimezone&action=edit guesstimezone] </td><td> Fill in from browser </td><td> {{MSGNW:guesstimezone}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Headline_sample&action=edit headline_sample] </td><td> Headline text </td><td> {{MSGNW:headline_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Headline_tip&action=edit headline_tip] </td><td> Level 2 headline </td><td> {{MSGNW:headline_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Help&action=edit help] </td><td> Help </td><td> {{MSGNW:help}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Helppage&action=edit helppage] </td><td> Wikipedia:Help </td><td> {{MSGNW:helppage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Hide&action=edit hide] </td><td> hide </td><td> {{MSGNW:hide}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Hidetoc&action=edit hidetoc] </td><td> hide </td><td> {{MSGNW:hidetoc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Hist&action=edit hist] </td><td> hist </td><td> {{MSGNW:hist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Histlegend&action=edit histlegend] </td><td> Legend: (cur) = difference with current version, (last) = difference with preceding version, M = minor edit </td><td> {{MSGNW:histlegend}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:History&action=edit history] </td><td> Page history </td><td> {{MSGNW:history}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Historywarning&action=edit historywarning] </td><td> Warning: The page you are about to delete has a history: </td><td> {{MSGNW:historywarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Hr_tip&action=edit hr_tip] </td><td> Horizontal line (use sparingly) </td><td> {{MSGNW:hr_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ignorewarning&action=edit ignorewarning] </td><td> Ignore warning and save file anyway. </td><td> {{MSGNW:ignorewarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ilshowmatch&action=edit ilshowmatch] </td><td> Show all images with names matching </td><td> {{MSGNW:ilshowmatch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ilsubmit&action=edit ilsubmit] </td><td> Search </td><td> {{MSGNW:ilsubmit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Image_sample&action=edit image_sample] </td><td> Example.jpg </td><td> {{MSGNW:image_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Image_tip&action=edit image_tip] </td><td> Embedded image </td><td> {{MSGNW:image_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagelinks&action=edit imagelinks] </td><td> Image links </td><td> {{MSGNW:imagelinks}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagelist&action=edit imagelist] </td><td> Image list </td><td> {{MSGNW:imagelist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagelisttext&action=edit imagelisttext] </td><td> Below is a list of $1 images sorted $2. </td><td> {{MSGNW:imagelisttext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagepage&action=edit imagepage] </td><td> View image page </td><td> {{MSGNW:imagepage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagereverted&action=edit imagereverted] </td><td> Revert to earlier version was successful. </td><td> {{MSGNW:imagereverted}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imgdelete&action=edit imgdelete] </td><td> del </td><td> {{MSGNW:imgdelete}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imgdesc&action=edit imgdesc] </td><td> desc </td><td> {{MSGNW:imgdesc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imghistlegend&action=edit imghistlegend] </td><td> Legend: (cur) = this is the current image, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. Click on date to see image uploaded on that date. </td><td> {{MSGNW:imghistlegend}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imghistory&action=edit imghistory] </td><td> Image history </td><td> {{MSGNW:imghistory}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imglegend&action=edit imglegend] </td><td> Legend: (desc) = show/edit image description. </td><td> {{MSGNW:imglegend}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Infobox&action=edit infobox] </td><td> Click a button to get an example text </td><td> {{MSGNW:infobox}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Internalerror&action=edit internalerror] </td><td> Internal error </td><td> {{MSGNW:internalerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Intl&action=edit intl] </td><td> Interlanguage links </td><td> {{MSGNW:intl}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ip_range_invalid&action=edit ip_range_invalid] </td><td> Invalid IP range. </td><td> {{MSGNW:ip_range_invalid}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipaddress&action=edit ipaddress] </td><td> IP Address/username </td><td> {{MSGNW:ipaddress}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipb_expiry_invalid&action=edit ipb_expiry_invalid] </td><td> Expiry time invalid. </td><td> {{MSGNW:ipb_expiry_invalid}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipbexpiry&action=edit ipbexpiry] </td><td> Expiry </td><td> {{MSGNW:ipbexpiry}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipblocklist&action=edit ipblocklist] </td><td> List of blocked IP addresses and usernames </td><td> {{MSGNW:ipblocklist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipbreason&action=edit ipbreason] </td><td> Reason </td><td> {{MSGNW:ipbreason}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipbsubmit&action=edit ipbsubmit] </td><td> Block this user </td><td> {{MSGNW:ipbsubmit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipusubmit&action=edit ipusubmit] </td><td> Unblock this address </td><td> {{MSGNW:ipusubmit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipusuccess&action=edit ipusuccess] </td><td> "$1" unblocked </td><td> {{MSGNW:ipusuccess}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Isredirect&action=edit isredirect] </td><td> redirect page </td><td> {{MSGNW:isredirect}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Italic_sample&action=edit italic_sample] </td><td> Italic text </td><td> {{MSGNW:italic_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Italic_tip&action=edit italic_tip] </td><td> Italic text </td><td> {{MSGNW:italic_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Iteminvalidname&action=edit iteminvalidname] </td><td> Problem with item '$1', invalid name... </td><td> {{MSGNW:iteminvalidname}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Largefile&action=edit largefile] </td><td> It is recommended that images not exceed 100k in size. </td><td> {{MSGNW:largefile}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Last&action=edit last] </td><td> last </td><td> {{MSGNW:last}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lastmodified&action=edit lastmodified] </td><td> This page was last modified $1. </td><td> {{MSGNW:lastmodified}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lineno&action=edit lineno] </td><td> Line $1: </td><td> {{MSGNW:lineno}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Link_sample&action=edit link_sample] </td><td> Link title </td><td> {{MSGNW:link_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Link_tip&action=edit link_tip] </td><td> Internal link </td><td> {{MSGNW:link_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Linklistsub&action=edit linklistsub] </td><td> (List of links) </td><td> {{MSGNW:linklistsub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Linkshere&action=edit linkshere] </td><td> The following pages link to here: </td><td> {{MSGNW:linkshere}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Linkstoimage&action=edit linkstoimage] </td><td> The following pages link to this image: </td><td> {{MSGNW:linkstoimage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Linktrail&action=edit linktrail] </td><td> /^([a-z]+)(.*)$/sD </td><td> {{MSGNW:linktrail}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Listform&action=edit listform] </td><td> list </td><td> {{MSGNW:listform}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Listusers&action=edit listusers] </td><td> User list </td><td> {{MSGNW:listusers}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loadhist&action=edit loadhist] </td><td> Loading page history </td><td> {{MSGNW:loadhist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loadingrev&action=edit loadingrev] </td><td> loading revision for diff </td><td> {{MSGNW:loadingrev}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Localtime&action=edit localtime] </td><td> Local time display </td><td> {{MSGNW:localtime}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockbtn&action=edit lockbtn] </td><td> Lock database </td><td> {{MSGNW:lockbtn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockconfirm&action=edit lockconfirm] </td><td> Yes, I really want to lock the database. </td><td> {{MSGNW:lockconfirm}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockdb&action=edit lockdb] </td><td> Lock database </td><td> {{MSGNW:lockdb}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockdbsuccesssub&action=edit lockdbsuccesssub] </td><td> Database lock succeeded </td><td> {{MSGNW:lockdbsuccesssub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockdbsuccesstext&action=edit lockdbsuccesstext] </td><td> The database has been locked. Remember to remove the lock after your maintenance is complete. </td><td> {{MSGNW:lockdbsuccesstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockdbtext&action=edit lockdbtext] </td><td> Locking the database will suspend the ability of all users to edit pages, change their preferences, edit their watchlists, and other things requiring changes in the database. Please confirm that this is what you intend to do, and that you will unlock the database when your maintenance is done. </td><td> {{MSGNW:lockdbtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Locknoconfirm&action=edit locknoconfirm] </td><td> You did not check the confirmation box. </td><td> {{MSGNW:locknoconfirm}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Login&action=edit login] </td><td> Log in </td><td> {{MSGNW:login}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginend&action=edit loginend] </td><td> &lt;loginend&gt; </td><td> {{MSGNW:loginend}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginerror&action=edit loginerror] </td><td> Login error </td><td> {{MSGNW:loginerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginpagetitle&action=edit loginpagetitle] </td><td> User login </td><td> {{MSGNW:loginpagetitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginproblem&action=edit loginproblem] </td><td> There has been a problem with your login. Try again! </td><td> {{MSGNW:loginproblem}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginprompt&action=edit loginprompt] </td><td> You must have cookies enabled to log in to Wikipedia. </td><td> {{MSGNW:loginprompt}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginsuccess&action=edit loginsuccess] </td><td> You are now logged in to Wikipedia as "$1". </td><td> {{MSGNW:loginsuccess}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginsuccesstitle&action=edit loginsuccesstitle] </td><td> Login successful </td><td> {{MSGNW:loginsuccesstitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Logout&action=edit logout] </td><td> Log out </td><td> {{MSGNW:logout}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Logouttext&action=edit logouttext] </td><td> You are now logged out. You can continue to use Wikipedia anonymously, or you can log in again as the same or as a different user. Note that some pages may continue to be displayed as if you were still logged in, until you clear your browser cache </td><td> {{MSGNW:logouttext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Logouttitle&action=edit logouttitle] </td><td> User logout </td><td> {{MSGNW:logouttitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lonelypages&action=edit lonelypages] </td><td> Orphaned pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:lonelypages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Longpages&action=edit longpages] </td><td> Long pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:longpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Longpagewarning&action=edit longpagewarning] </td><td> WARNING: This page is $1 kilobytes long; some browsers may have problems editing pages approaching or longer than 32kb. Please consider breaking the page into smaller sections. </td><td> {{MSGNW:longpagewarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mailmypassword&action=edit mailmypassword] </td><td> Mail me a new password </td><td> {{MSGNW:mailmypassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mailnologin&action=edit mailnologin] </td><td> No send address </td><td> {{MSGNW:mailnologin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mailnologintext&action=edit mailnologintext] </td><td> You must be <a href="/wiki/Special:Userlogin">logged in</a> and have a valid e-mail address in your <a href="/wiki/Special:Preferences">preferences</a> to send e-mail to other users. </td><td> {{MSGNW:mailnologintext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mainpage&action=edit mainpage] </td><td> Main Page </td><td> {{MSGNW:mainpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mainpagetext&action=edit mainpagetext] </td><td> Wiki software successfully installed. </td><td> {{MSGNW:mainpagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Maintenance&action=edit maintenance] </td><td> Maintenance page </td><td> {{MSGNW:maintenance}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Maintenancebacklink&action=edit maintenancebacklink] </td><td> Back to Maintenance Page </td><td> {{MSGNW:maintenancebacklink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Maintnancepagetext&action=edit maintnancepagetext] </td><td> This page includes several handy tools for everyday maintenance. Some of these functions tend to stress the database, so please do not hit reload after every item you fixed ;-) </td><td> {{MSGNW:maintnancepagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysopfail&action=edit makesysopfail] </td><td> User '$1' could not be made into a sysop. (Did you enter the name correctly?) </td><td> {{MSGNW:makesysopfail}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysopname&action=edit makesysopname] </td><td> Name of the user: </td><td> {{MSGNW:makesysopname}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysopok&action=edit makesysopok] </td><td> User '$1' is now a sysop </td><td> {{MSGNW:makesysopok}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysopsubmit&action=edit makesysopsubmit] </td><td> Make this user into a sysop </td><td> {{MSGNW:makesysopsubmit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysoptext&action=edit makesysoptext] </td><td> This form is used by bureaucrats to turn ordinary users into administrators. Type the name of the user in the box and press the button to make the user an administrator </td><td> {{MSGNW:makesysoptext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysoptitle&action=edit makesysoptitle] </td><td> Make a user into a sysop </td><td> {{MSGNW:makesysoptitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Matchtotals&action=edit matchtotals] </td><td> The query "$1" matched $2 article titles and the text of $3 articles. </td><td> {{MSGNW:matchtotals}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math&action=edit math] </td><td> Rendering math </td><td> {{MSGNW:math}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_failure&action=edit math_failure] </td><td> Failed to parse </td><td> {{MSGNW:math_failure}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_image_error&action=edit math_image_error] </td><td> PNG conversion failed </td><td> {{MSGNW:math_image_error}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_lexing_error&action=edit math_lexing_error] </td><td> lexing error </td><td> {{MSGNW:math_lexing_error}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_sample&action=edit math_sample] </td><td> Insert formula here </td><td> {{MSGNW:math_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_syntax_error&action=edit math_syntax_error] </td><td> syntax error </td><td> {{MSGNW:math_syntax_error}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_tip&action=edit math_tip] </td><td> Mathematical formula (LaTeX) </td><td> {{MSGNW:math_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_unknown_error&action=edit math_unknown_error] </td><td> unknown error </td><td> {{MSGNW:math_unknown_error}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_unknown_function&action=edit math_unknown_function] </td><td> unknown function </td><td> {{MSGNW:math_unknown_function}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Media_sample&action=edit media_sample] </td><td> Example.mp3 </td><td> {{MSGNW:media_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Media_tip&action=edit media_tip] </td><td> Media file link </td><td> {{MSGNW:media_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Minlength&action=edit minlength] </td><td> Image names must be at least three letters. </td><td> {{MSGNW:minlength}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Minoredit&action=edit minoredit] </td><td> This is a minor edit </td><td> {{MSGNW:minoredit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Minoreditletter&action=edit minoreditletter] </td><td> M </td><td> {{MSGNW:minoreditletter}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mispeelings&action=edit mispeelings] </td><td> Pages with misspellings </td><td> {{MSGNW:mispeelings}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mispeelingspage&action=edit mispeelingspage] </td><td> List of common misspellings </td><td> {{MSGNW:mispeelingspage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mispeelingstext&action=edit mispeelingstext] </td><td> The following pages contain a common misspelling, which are listed on $1. The correct spelling might be given (like this). </td><td> {{MSGNW:mispeelingstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Missingarticle&action=edit missingarticle] </td><td> The database did not find the text of a page that it should have found, named "$1". This is usually caused by following an outdated diff or history link to a page that has been deleted. If this is not the case, you may have found a bug in the software. Please report this to an administrator, making note of the URL. </td><td> {{MSGNW:missingarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Missinglanguagelinks&action=edit missinglanguagelinks] </td><td> Missing Language Links </td><td> {{MSGNW:missinglanguagelinks}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Missinglanguagelinksbutton&action=edit missinglanguagelinksbutton] </td><td> Find missing language links for </td><td> {{MSGNW:missinglanguagelinksbutton}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Missinglanguagelinkstext&action=edit missinglanguagelinkstext] </td><td> These articles do not link to their counterpart in $1. Redirects and subpages are not shown. </td><td> {{MSGNW:missinglanguagelinkstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Moredotdotdot&action=edit moredotdotdot] </td><td> More... </td><td> {{MSGNW:moredotdotdot}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movearticle&action=edit movearticle] </td><td> Move page </td><td> {{MSGNW:movearticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movedto&action=edit movedto] </td><td> moved to </td><td> {{MSGNW:movedto}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movenologin&action=edit movenologin] </td><td> Not logged in </td><td> {{MSGNW:movenologin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movenologintext&action=edit movenologintext] </td><td> You must be a registered user and <a href="/wiki/Special:Userlogin">logged in</a> to move a page. </td><td> {{MSGNW:movenologintext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movepage&action=edit movepage] </td><td> Move page </td><td> {{MSGNW:movepage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movepagebtn&action=edit movepagebtn] </td><td> Move page </td><td> {{MSGNW:movepagebtn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movepagetalktext&action=edit movepagetalktext] </td><td> The associated talk page, if any, will be automatically moved along with it '''unless:''' *You are moving the page across namespaces, *A non-empty talk page already exists under the new name, or *You uncheck the box below. In those cases, you will have to move or merge the page manually if desired. </td><td> {{MSGNW:movepagetalktext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movepagetext&action=edit movepagetext] </td><td> Using the form below will rename a page, moving all of its history to the new name. The old title will become a redirect page to the new title. Links to the old page title will not be changed; be sure to [[Special:Maintenance|check]] for double or broken redirects. You are responsible for making sure that links continue to point where they are supposed to go. Note that the page will '''not''' be moved if there is already a page at the new title, unless it is empty or a redirect and has no past edit history. This means that you can rename a page back to where it was just renamed from if you make a mistake, and you cannot overwrite an existing page. WARNING! This can be a drastic and unexpected change for a popular page; please be sure you understand the consequences of this before proceeding. </td><td> {{MSGNW:movepagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movetalk&action=edit movetalk] </td><td> Move "talk" page as well, if applicable. </td><td> {{MSGNW:movetalk}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movethispage&action=edit movethispage] </td><td> Move this page </td><td> {{MSGNW:movethispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mycontris&action=edit mycontris] </td><td> My contributions </td><td> {{MSGNW:mycontris}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mypage&action=edit mypage] </td><td> My page </td><td> {{MSGNW:mypage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mytalk&action=edit mytalk] </td><td> My talk </td><td> {{MSGNW:mytalk}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nbytes&action=edit nbytes] </td><td> $1 bytes </td><td> {{MSGNW:nbytes}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nchanges&action=edit nchanges] </td><td> $1 changes </td><td> {{MSGNW:nchanges}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newarticle&action=edit newarticle] </td><td> (New) </td><td> {{MSGNW:newarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newarticletext&action=edit newarticletext] </td><td> You've followed a link to a page that doesn't exist yet. To create the page, start typing in the box below (see the [[Wikipedia:Help|help page]] for more info). If you are here by mistake, just click your browser's '''back''' button. </td><td> {{MSGNW:newarticletext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newmessages&action=edit newmessages] </td><td> You have $1. </td><td> {{MSGNW:newmessages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newmessageslink&action=edit newmessageslink] </td><td> new messages </td><td> {{MSGNW:newmessageslink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newpage&action=edit newpage] </td><td> New page </td><td> {{MSGNW:newpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newpageletter&action=edit newpageletter] </td><td> N </td><td> {{MSGNW:newpageletter}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newpages&action=edit newpages] </td><td> New pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:newpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newpassword&action=edit newpassword] </td><td> New password </td><td> {{MSGNW:newpassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newtitle&action=edit newtitle] </td><td> To new title </td><td> {{MSGNW:newtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newusersonly&action=edit newusersonly] </td><td> (new users only) </td><td> {{MSGNW:newusersonly}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Next&action=edit next] </td><td> next </td><td> {{MSGNW:next}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nextn&action=edit nextn] </td><td> next $1 </td><td> {{MSGNW:nextn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nlinks&action=edit nlinks] </td><td> $1 links </td><td> {{MSGNW:nlinks}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noaffirmation&action=edit noaffirmation] </td><td> You must affirm that your upload does not violate any copyrights. </td><td> {{MSGNW:noaffirmation}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noarticletext&action=edit noarticletext] </td><td> (There is currently no text in this page) </td><td> {{MSGNW:noarticletext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noblockreason&action=edit noblockreason] </td><td> You must supply a reason for the block. </td><td> {{MSGNW:noblockreason}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noconnect&action=edit noconnect] </td><td> Sorry! The wiki is experiencing some technical difficulties, and cannot contact the database server. </td><td> {{MSGNW:noconnect}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nocontribs&action=edit nocontribs] </td><td> No changes were found matching these criteria. </td><td> {{MSGNW:nocontribs}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nocookieslogin&action=edit nocookieslogin] </td><td> Wikipedia uses cookies to log in users. You have cookies disabled. Please enable them and try again. </td><td> {{MSGNW:nocookieslogin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nocookiesnew&action=edit nocookiesnew] </td><td> The user account was created, but you are not logged in. Wikipedia uses cookies to log in users. You have cookies disabled. Please enable them, then log in with your new username and password. </td><td> {{MSGNW:nocookiesnew}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nodb&action=edit nodb] </td><td> Could not select database $1 </td><td> {{MSGNW:nodb}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noemail&action=edit noemail] </td><td> There is no e-mail address recorded for user "$1". </td><td> {{MSGNW:noemail}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noemailtext&action=edit noemailtext] </td><td> This user has not specified a valid e-mail address, or has chosen not to receive e-mail from other users. </td><td> {{MSGNW:noemailtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noemailtitle&action=edit noemailtitle] </td><td> No e-mail address </td><td> {{MSGNW:noemailtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nogomatch&action=edit nogomatch] </td><td> No page with this exact title exists, trying full text search. </td><td> {{MSGNW:nogomatch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nohistory&action=edit nohistory] </td><td> There is no edit history for this page. </td><td> {{MSGNW:nohistory}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nolinkshere&action=edit nolinkshere] </td><td> No pages link to here. </td><td> {{MSGNW:nolinkshere}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nolinkstoimage&action=edit nolinkstoimage] </td><td> There are no pages that link to this image. </td><td> {{MSGNW:nolinkstoimage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noname&action=edit noname] </td><td> You have not specified a valid user name. </td><td> {{MSGNW:noname}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nonefound&action=edit nonefound] </td><td> Note: unsuccessful searches are often caused by searching for common words like "have" and "from", which are not indexed, or by specifying more than one search term (only pages containing all of the search terms will appear in the result). </td><td> {{MSGNW:nonefound}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nospecialpagetext&action=edit nospecialpagetext] </td><td> You have requested a special page that is not recognized by the wiki. </td><td> {{MSGNW:nospecialpagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nosuchaction&action=edit nosuchaction] </td><td> No such action </td><td> {{MSGNW:nosuchaction}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nosuchactiontext&action=edit nosuchactiontext] </td><td> The action specified by the URL is not recognized by the wiki </td><td> {{MSGNW:nosuchactiontext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nosuchspecialpage&action=edit nosuchspecialpage] </td><td> No such special page </td><td> {{MSGNW:nosuchspecialpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nosuchuser&action=edit nosuchuser] </td><td> There is no user by the name "$1". Check your spelling, or use the form below to create a new user account. </td><td> {{MSGNW:nosuchuser}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notanarticle&action=edit notanarticle] </td><td> Not an article </td><td> {{MSGNW:notanarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notargettext&action=edit notargettext] </td><td> You have not specified a target page or user to perform this function on. </td><td> {{MSGNW:notargettext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notargettitle&action=edit notargettitle] </td><td> No target </td><td> {{MSGNW:notargettitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Note&action=edit note] </td><td> Note: </td><td> {{MSGNW:note}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notextmatches&action=edit notextmatches] </td><td> No article text matches </td><td> {{MSGNW:notextmatches}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notitlematches&action=edit notitlematches] </td><td> No article title matches </td><td> {{MSGNW:notitlematches}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notloggedin&action=edit notloggedin] </td><td> Not logged in </td><td> {{MSGNW:notloggedin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nowatchlist&action=edit nowatchlist] </td><td> You have no items on your watchlist. </td><td> {{MSGNW:nowatchlist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nowiki_sample&action=edit nowiki_sample] </td><td> Insert non-formatted text here </td><td> {{MSGNW:nowiki_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nowiki_tip&action=edit nowiki_tip] </td><td> Ignore wiki formatting </td><td> {{MSGNW:nowiki_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nviews&action=edit nviews] </td><td> $1 views </td><td> {{MSGNW:nviews}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ok&action=edit ok] </td><td> OK </td><td> {{MSGNW:ok}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Oldpassword&action=edit oldpassword] </td><td> Old password </td><td> {{MSGNW:oldpassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Orig&action=edit orig] </td><td> orig </td><td> {{MSGNW:orig}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Orphans&action=edit orphans] </td><td> Orphaned pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:orphans}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Otherlanguages&action=edit otherlanguages] </td><td> Other languages </td><td> {{MSGNW:otherlanguages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Pagemovedsub&action=edit pagemovedsub] </td><td> Move succeeded </td><td> {{MSGNW:pagemovedsub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Pagemovedtext&action=edit pagemovedtext] </td><td> Page "[[$1]]" moved to "[[$2]]". </td><td> {{MSGNW:pagemovedtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Passwordremindertext&action=edit passwordremindertext] </td><td> Someone (probably you, from IP address $1) requested that we send you a new Wikipedia login password. The password for user "$2" is now "$3". You should log in and change your password now. </td><td> {{MSGNW:passwordremindertext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Passwordremindertitle&action=edit passwordremindertitle] </td><td> Password reminder from Wikipedia </td><td> {{MSGNW:passwordremindertitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Passwordsent&action=edit passwordsent] </td><td> A new password has been sent to the e-mail address registered for "$1". Please log in again after you receive it. </td><td> {{MSGNW:passwordsent}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Perfdisabled&action=edit perfdisabled] </td><td> Sorry! This feature has been temporarily disabled because it slows the database down to the point that no one can use the wiki. </td><td> {{MSGNW:perfdisabled}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Perfdisabledsub&action=edit perfdisabledsub] </td><td> Here's a saved copy from $1: </td><td> {{MSGNW:perfdisabledsub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Popularpages&action=edit popularpages] </td><td> Popular pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:popularpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Postcomment&action=edit postcomment] </td><td> Post a comment </td><td> {{MSGNW:postcomment}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Powersearch&action=edit powersearch] </td><td> Search </td><td> {{MSGNW:powersearch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Powersearchtext&action=edit powersearchtext] </td><td> Search in namespaces : $1 $2 List redirects &nbsp; Search for $3 $9 </td><td> {{MSGNW:powersearchtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Preferences&action=edit preferences] </td><td> Preferences </td><td> {{MSGNW:preferences}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefslogintext&action=edit prefslogintext] </td><td> You are logged in as "$1". Your internal ID number is $2. See [[Wikipedia:User preferences help]] for help deciphering the options. </td><td> {{MSGNW:prefslogintext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefsnologin&action=edit prefsnologin] </td><td> Not logged in </td><td> {{MSGNW:prefsnologin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefsnologintext&action=edit prefsnologintext] </td><td> You must be <a href="/wiki/Special:Userlogin">logged in</a> to set user preferences. </td><td> {{MSGNW:prefsnologintext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefsreset&action=edit prefsreset] </td><td> Preferences have been reset from storage. </td><td> {{MSGNW:prefsreset}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Preview&action=edit preview] </td><td> Preview </td><td> {{MSGNW:preview}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Previewconflict&action=edit previewconflict] </td><td> This preview reflects the text in the upper text editing area as it will appear if you choose to save. </td><td> {{MSGNW:previewconflict}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Previewnote&action=edit previewnote] </td><td> Remember that this is only a preview, and has not yet been saved! </td><td> {{MSGNW:previewnote}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prevn&action=edit prevn] </td><td> previous $1 </td><td> {{MSGNW:prevn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Printableversion&action=edit printableversion] </td><td> Printable version </td><td> {{MSGNW:printableversion}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Printsubtitle&action=edit printsubtitle] </td><td> (From http://www.wikipedia.org) </td><td> {{MSGNW:printsubtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectedarticle&action=edit protectedarticle] </td><td> protected [[$1]] </td><td> {{MSGNW:protectedarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectedpage&action=edit protectedpage] </td><td> Protected page </td><td> {{MSGNW:protectedpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectedpagewarning&action=edit protectedpagewarning] </td><td> WARNING: This page has been locked so that only users with sysop privileges can edit it. Be sure you are following the <a href='/wiki/Wikipedia:Protected_page_guidelines'>protected page guidelines</a>. </td><td> {{MSGNW:protectedpagewarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectedtext&action=edit protectedtext] </td><td> This page has been locked to prevent editing; there are a number of reasons why this may be so, please see [[Wikipedia:Protected page]]. You can view and copy the source of this page: </td><td> {{MSGNW:protectedtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectlogpage&action=edit protectlogpage] </td><td> Protection_log </td><td> {{MSGNW:protectlogpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectlogtext&action=edit protectlogtext] </td><td> Below is a list of page locks/unlocks. See [[Wikipedia:Protected page]] for more information. </td><td> {{MSGNW:protectlogtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectpage&action=edit protectpage] </td><td> Protect page </td><td> {{MSGNW:protectpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectthispage&action=edit protectthispage] </td><td> Protect this page </td><td> {{MSGNW:protectthispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbbrowse&action=edit qbbrowse] </td><td> Browse </td><td> {{MSGNW:qbbrowse}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbedit&action=edit qbedit] </td><td> Edit </td><td> {{MSGNW:qbedit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbfind&action=edit qbfind] </td><td> Find </td><td> {{MSGNW:qbfind}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbmyoptions&action=edit qbmyoptions] </td><td> My pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:qbmyoptions}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbpageinfo&action=edit qbpageinfo] </td><td> Context </td><td> {{MSGNW:qbpageinfo}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbpageoptions&action=edit qbpageoptions] </td><td> This page </td><td> {{MSGNW:qbpageoptions}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbsettings&action=edit qbsettings] </td><td> Quickbar settings </td><td> {{MSGNW:qbsettings}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbspecialpages&action=edit qbspecialpages] </td><td> Special pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:qbspecialpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Querybtn&action=edit querybtn] </td><td> Submit query </td><td> {{MSGNW:querybtn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Querysuccessful&action=edit querysuccessful] </td><td> Query successful </td><td> {{MSGNW:querysuccessful}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Randompage&action=edit randompage] </td><td> Random page </td><td> {{MSGNW:randompage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Range_block_disabled&action=edit range_block_disabled] </td><td> The sysop ability to create range blocks is disabled. </td><td> {{MSGNW:range_block_disabled}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rchide&action=edit rchide] </td><td> in $4 form; $1 minor edits; $2 secondary namespaces; $3 multiple edits. </td><td> {{MSGNW:rchide}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rclinks&action=edit rclinks] </td><td> Show last $1 changes in last $2 days; $3 </td><td> {{MSGNW:rclinks}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rclistfrom&action=edit rclistfrom] </td><td> Show new changes starting from $1 </td><td> {{MSGNW:rclistfrom}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rcliu&action=edit rcliu] </td><td> ; $1 edits from logged in users </td><td> {{MSGNW:rcliu}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rcloaderr&action=edit rcloaderr] </td><td> Loading recent changes </td><td> {{MSGNW:rcloaderr}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rclsub&action=edit rclsub] </td><td> (to pages linked from "$1") </td><td> {{MSGNW:rclsub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rcnote&action=edit rcnote] </td><td> Below are the last $1 changes in last $2 days. </td><td> {{MSGNW:rcnote}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rcnotefrom&action=edit rcnotefrom] </td><td> Below are the changes since $2 (up to $1 shown). </td><td> {{MSGNW:rcnotefrom}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Readonly&action=edit readonly] </td><td> Database locked </td><td> {{MSGNW:readonly}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Readonlytext&action=edit readonlytext] </td><td> The database is currently locked to new entries and other modifications, probably for routine database maintenance, after which it will be back to normal. The administrator who locked it offered this explanation: $1 </td><td> {{MSGNW:readonlytext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Readonlywarning&action=edit readonlywarning] </td><td> WARNING: The database has been locked for maintenance, so you will not be able to save your edits right now. You may wish to cut-n-paste the text into a text file and save it for later. </td><td> {{MSGNW:readonlywarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Recentchanges&action=edit recentchanges] </td><td> Recent changes </td><td> {{MSGNW:recentchanges}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Recentchangescount&action=edit recentchangescount] </td><td> Number of titles in recent changes </td><td> {{MSGNW:recentchangescount}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Recentchangeslinked&action=edit recentchangeslinked] </td><td> Related changes </td><td> {{MSGNW:recentchangeslinked}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Recentchangestext&action=edit recentchangestext] </td><td> Track the most recent changes to the wiki on this page. </td><td> {{MSGNW:recentchangestext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Redirectedfrom&action=edit redirectedfrom] </td><td> (Redirected from $1) </td><td> {{MSGNW:redirectedfrom}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Remembermypassword&action=edit remembermypassword] </td><td> Remember my password across sessions. </td><td> {{MSGNW:remembermypassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Removechecked&action=edit removechecked] </td><td> Remove checked items from watchlist </td><td> {{MSGNW:removechecked}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Removedwatch&action=edit removedwatch] </td><td> Removed from watchlist </td><td> {{MSGNW:removedwatch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Removedwatchtext&action=edit removedwatchtext] </td><td> The page "$1" has been removed from your watchlist. </td><td> {{MSGNW:removedwatchtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Removingchecked&action=edit removingchecked] </td><td> Removing requested items from watchlist... </td><td> {{MSGNW:removingchecked}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Resetprefs&action=edit resetprefs] </td><td> Reset preferences </td><td> {{MSGNW:resetprefs}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Restorelink&action=edit restorelink] </td><td> $1 deleted edits </td><td> {{MSGNW:restorelink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Resultsperpage&action=edit resultsperpage] </td><td> Hits to show per page </td><td> {{MSGNW:resultsperpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Retrievedfrom&action=edit retrievedfrom] </td><td> Retrieved from "$1" </td><td> {{MSGNW:retrievedfrom}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Returnto&action=edit returnto] </td><td> Return to $1. </td><td> {{MSGNW:returnto}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Retypenew&action=edit retypenew] </td><td> Retype new password </td><td> {{MSGNW:retypenew}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Reupload&action=edit reupload] </td><td> Re-upload </td><td> {{MSGNW:reupload}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Reuploaddesc&action=edit reuploaddesc] </td><td> Return to the upload form. </td><td> {{MSGNW:reuploaddesc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Reverted&action=edit reverted] </td><td> Reverted to earlier revision </td><td> {{MSGNW:reverted}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revertimg&action=edit revertimg] </td><td> rev </td><td> {{MSGNW:revertimg}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revertpage&action=edit revertpage] </td><td> Reverted edit of $2, changed back to last version by $1 </td><td> {{MSGNW:revertpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revhistory&action=edit revhistory] </td><td> Revision history </td><td> {{MSGNW:revhistory}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revisionasof&action=edit revisionasof] </td><td> Revision as of $1 </td><td> {{MSGNW:revisionasof}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revnotfound&action=edit revnotfound] </td><td> Revision not found </td><td> {{MSGNW:revnotfound}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revnotfoundtext&action=edit revnotfoundtext] </td><td> The old revision of the page you asked for could not be found. Please check the URL you used to access this page. </td><td> {{MSGNW:revnotfoundtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rollback&action=edit rollback] </td><td> Roll back edits </td><td> {{MSGNW:rollback}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rollbackfailed&action=edit rollbackfailed] </td><td> Rollback failed </td><td> {{MSGNW:rollbackfailed}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rollbacklink&action=edit rollbacklink] </td><td> rollback </td><td> {{MSGNW:rollbacklink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rows&action=edit rows] </td><td> Rows </td><td> {{MSGNW:rows}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Savearticle&action=edit savearticle] </td><td> Save page </td><td> {{MSGNW:savearticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Savedprefs&action=edit savedprefs] </td><td> Your preferences have been saved. </td><td> {{MSGNW:savedprefs}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Savefile&action=edit savefile] </td><td> Save file </td><td> {{MSGNW:savefile}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Saveprefs&action=edit saveprefs] </td><td> Save preferences </td><td> {{MSGNW:saveprefs}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Search&action=edit search] </td><td> Search </td><td> {{MSGNW:search}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchdisabled&action=edit searchdisabled] </td><td> Sorry! Full text search has been disabled temporarily, for performance reasons. In the meantime, you can use the Google search below, which may be out of date.  <FORM method=GET action="http://www.google.com/search"> <TABLE bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><tr><td> <A HREF="http://www.google.com/"> <IMG SRC="http://www.google.com/logos/Logo_40wht.gif" border="0" ALT="Google"></A> </td> <td> <INPUT TYPE=text name=q size=31 maxlength=255 value="$1"> <INPUT type=submit name=btnG VALUE="Google Search"> <input type=hidden name=domains value="http://si.wikipedia.org"> <input type=radio name=sitesearch value=""> WWW <input type=radio name=sitesearch value="http://si.wikipedia.org" checked> http://si.wikipedia.org <input type='hidden' name='ie' value='$2'> <input type='hidden' name='oe' value='$2'> </td></tr></TABLE> </FORM>  </td><td> {{MSGNW:searchdisabled}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchhelppage&action=edit searchhelppage] </td><td> Wikipedia:Searching </td><td> {{MSGNW:searchhelppage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchingwikipedia&action=edit searchingwikipedia] </td><td> Searching Wikipedia </td><td> {{MSGNW:searchingwikipedia}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchquery&action=edit searchquery] </td><td> For query "$1" </td><td> {{MSGNW:searchquery}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchresults&action=edit searchresults] </td><td> Search results </td><td> {{MSGNW:searchresults}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchresultshead&action=edit searchresultshead] </td><td> Search result settings </td><td> {{MSGNW:searchresultshead}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchresulttext&action=edit searchresulttext] </td><td> For more information about searching Wikipedia, see $1. </td><td> {{MSGNW:searchresulttext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sectionedit&action=edit sectionedit] </td><td> (section) </td><td> {{MSGNW:sectionedit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Selectonly&action=edit selectonly] </td><td> Only read-only queries are allowed. </td><td> {{MSGNW:selectonly}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Selflinks&action=edit selflinks] </td><td> Pages with Self Links </td><td> {{MSGNW:selflinks}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Selflinkstext&action=edit selflinkstext] </td><td> The following pages contain a link to themselves, which they should not. </td><td> {{MSGNW:selflinkstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Servertime&action=edit servertime] </td><td> Server time is now </td><td> {{MSGNW:servertime}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Setbureaucratflag&action=edit setbureaucratflag] </td><td> Set bureaucrat flag </td><td> {{MSGNW:setbureaucratflag}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Shortpages&action=edit shortpages] </td><td> Short pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:shortpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Show&action=edit show] </td><td> show </td><td> {{MSGNW:show}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showhideminor&action=edit showhideminor] </td><td> $1 minor edits </td><td> {{MSGNW:showhideminor}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showingresults&action=edit showingresults] </td><td> Showing below $1 results starting with #$2. </td><td> {{MSGNW:showingresults}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showingresultsnum&action=edit showingresultsnum] </td><td> Showing below $3 results starting with #$2. </td><td> {{MSGNW:showingresultsnum}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showlast&action=edit showlast] </td><td> Show last $1 images sorted $2. </td><td> {{MSGNW:showlast}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showpreview&action=edit showpreview] </td><td> Show preview </td><td> {{MSGNW:showpreview}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showtoc&action=edit showtoc] </td><td> show </td><td> {{MSGNW:showtoc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sig_tip&action=edit sig_tip] </td><td> Your signature with timestamp </td><td> {{MSGNW:sig_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitestats&action=edit sitestats] </td><td> Site statistics </td><td> {{MSGNW:sitestats}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitestatstext&action=edit sitestatstext] </td><td> There are $1 total pages in the database. This includes "talk" pages, pages about Wikipedia, minimal "stub" pages, redirects, and others that probably don't qualify as articles. Excluding those, there are $2 pages that are probably legitimate articles. There have been a total of $3 page views, and $4 page edits since the software was upgraded (July 20, 2002). That comes to $5 average edits per page, and $6 views per edit. </td><td> {{MSGNW:sitestatstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitesubtitle&action=edit sitesubtitle] </td><td> The Free Encyclopedia </td><td> {{MSGNW:sitesubtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitesupport&action=edit sitesupport] </td><td> Donations </td><td> {{MSGNW:sitesupport}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitesupportpage&action=edit sitesupportpage] </td><td> &lt;sitesupportpage&gt; </td><td> {{MSGNW:sitesupportpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitetitle&action=edit sitetitle] </td><td> Wikipedia </td><td> {{MSGNW:sitetitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Skin&action=edit skin] </td><td> Skin </td><td> {{MSGNW:skin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Specialpages&action=edit specialpages] </td><td> Special pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:specialpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Spheading&action=edit spheading] </td><td> Special pages for all users </td><td> {{MSGNW:spheading}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sqlislogged&action=edit sqlislogged] </td><td> Please note that all queries are logged. </td><td> {{MSGNW:sqlislogged}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sqlquery&action=edit sqlquery] </td><td> Enter query </td><td> {{MSGNW:sqlquery}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Statistics&action=edit statistics] </td><td> Statistics </td><td> {{MSGNW:statistics}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Storedversion&action=edit storedversion] </td><td> Stored version </td><td> {{MSGNW:storedversion}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Stubthreshold&action=edit stubthreshold] </td><td> Threshold for stub display </td><td> {{MSGNW:stubthreshold}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Subcategories&action=edit subcategories] </td><td> Subcategories </td><td> {{MSGNW:subcategories}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Subject&action=edit subject] </td><td> Subject/headline </td><td> {{MSGNW:subject}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Subjectpage&action=edit subjectpage] </td><td> View subject </td><td> {{MSGNW:subjectpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Successfulupload&action=edit successfulupload] </td><td> Successful upload </td><td> {{MSGNW:successfulupload}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Summary&action=edit summary] </td><td> Summary </td><td> {{MSGNW:summary}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sysopspheading&action=edit sysopspheading] </td><td> For sysop use only </td><td> {{MSGNW:sysopspheading}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sysoptext&action=edit sysoptext] </td><td> The action you have requested can only be performed by users with "sysop" status. See $1. </td><td> {{MSGNW:sysoptext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sysoptitle&action=edit sysoptitle] </td><td> Sysop access required </td><td> {{MSGNW:sysoptitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tableform&action=edit tableform] </td><td> table </td><td> {{MSGNW:tableform}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talkexists&action=edit talkexists] </td><td> The page itself was moved successfully, but the talk page could not be moved because one already exists at the new title. Please merge them manually. </td><td> {{MSGNW:talkexists}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talkpage&action=edit talkpage] </td><td> Discuss this page </td><td> {{MSGNW:talkpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talkpagemoved&action=edit talkpagemoved] </td><td> The corresponding talk page was also moved. </td><td> {{MSGNW:talkpagemoved}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talkpagenotmoved&action=edit talkpagenotmoved] </td><td> The corresponding talk page was not moved. </td><td> {{MSGNW:talkpagenotmoved}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Textboxsize&action=edit textboxsize] </td><td> Textbox dimensions </td><td> {{MSGNW:textboxsize}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Textmatches&action=edit textmatches] </td><td> Article text matches </td><td> {{MSGNW:textmatches}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Thisisdeleted&action=edit thisisdeleted] </td><td> View or restore $1? </td><td> {{MSGNW:thisisdeleted}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Thumbnail-more&action=edit thumbnail-more] </td><td> Enlarge </td><td> {{MSGNW:thumbnail-more}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Timezoneoffset&action=edit timezoneoffset] </td><td> Offset </td><td> {{MSGNW:timezoneoffset}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Timezonetext&action=edit timezonetext] </td><td> Enter number of hours your local time differs from server time (UTC). </td><td> {{MSGNW:timezonetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Titlematches&action=edit titlematches] </td><td> Article title matches </td><td> {{MSGNW:titlematches}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Toc&action=edit toc] </td><td> Table of contents </td><td> {{MSGNW:toc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uclinks&action=edit uclinks] </td><td> View the last $1 changes; view the last $2 days. </td><td> {{MSGNW:uclinks}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ucnote&action=edit ucnote] </td><td> Below are this user's last $1 changes in the last $2 days. </td><td> {{MSGNW:ucnote}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uctop&action=edit uctop] </td><td> (top) </td><td> {{MSGNW:uctop}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unblockip&action=edit unblockip] </td><td> Unblock user </td><td> {{MSGNW:unblockip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unblockiptext&action=edit unblockiptext] </td><td> Use the form below to restore write access to a previously blocked IP address or username. </td><td> {{MSGNW:unblockiptext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unblocklink&action=edit unblocklink] </td><td> unblock </td><td> {{MSGNW:unblocklink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unblocklogentry&action=edit unblocklogentry] </td><td> unblocked "$1" </td><td> {{MSGNW:unblocklogentry}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undelete&action=edit undelete] </td><td> Restore deleted page </td><td> {{MSGNW:undelete}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletearticle&action=edit undeletearticle] </td><td> Restore deleted article </td><td> {{MSGNW:undeletearticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletebtn&action=edit undeletebtn] </td><td> Restore! </td><td> {{MSGNW:undeletebtn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletedarticle&action=edit undeletedarticle] </td><td> restored "$1" </td><td> {{MSGNW:undeletedarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletedtext&action=edit undeletedtext] </td><td> The article [[$1]] has been successfully restored. See [[Wikipedia:Deletion_log]] for a record of recent deletions and restorations. </td><td> {{MSGNW:undeletedtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletehistory&action=edit undeletehistory] </td><td> If you restore the page, all revisions will be restored to the history. If a new page with the same name has been created since the deletion, the restored revisions will appear in the prior history, and the current revision of the live page will not be automatically replaced. </td><td> {{MSGNW:undeletehistory}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletepage&action=edit undeletepage] </td><td> View and restore deleted pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:undeletepage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletepagetext&action=edit undeletepagetext] </td><td> The following pages have been deleted but are still in the archive and can be restored. The archive may be periodically cleaned out. </td><td> {{MSGNW:undeletepagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeleterevision&action=edit undeleterevision] </td><td> Deleted revision as of $1 </td><td> {{MSGNW:undeleterevision}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeleterevisions&action=edit undeleterevisions] </td><td> $1 revisions archived </td><td> {{MSGNW:undeleterevisions}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unexpected&action=edit unexpected] </td><td> Unexpected value: "$1"="$2". </td><td> {{MSGNW:unexpected}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockbtn&action=edit unlockbtn] </td><td> Unlock database </td><td> {{MSGNW:unlockbtn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockconfirm&action=edit unlockconfirm] </td><td> Yes, I really want to unlock the database. </td><td> {{MSGNW:unlockconfirm}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockdb&action=edit unlockdb] </td><td> Unlock database </td><td> {{MSGNW:unlockdb}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockdbsuccesssub&action=edit unlockdbsuccesssub] </td><td> Database lock removed </td><td> {{MSGNW:unlockdbsuccesssub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockdbsuccesstext&action=edit unlockdbsuccesstext] </td><td> The database has been unlocked. </td><td> {{MSGNW:unlockdbsuccesstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockdbtext&action=edit unlockdbtext] </td><td> Unlocking the database will restore the ability of all users to edit pages, change their preferences, edit their watchlists, and other things requiring changes in the database. Please confirm that this is what you intend to do. </td><td> {{MSGNW:unlockdbtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unprotectedarticle&action=edit unprotectedarticle] </td><td> unprotected [[$1]] </td><td> {{MSGNW:unprotectedarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unprotectthispage&action=edit unprotectthispage] </td><td> Unprotect this page </td><td> {{MSGNW:unprotectthispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unusedimages&action=edit unusedimages] </td><td> Unused images </td><td> {{MSGNW:unusedimages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unusedimagestext&action=edit unusedimagestext] </td><td> Please note that other web sites such as the international Wikipedias may link to an image with a direct URL, and so may still be listed here despite being in active use. </td><td> {{MSGNW:unusedimagestext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unwatchthispage&action=edit unwatchthispage] </td><td> Stop watching </td><td> {{MSGNW:unwatchthispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Updated&action=edit updated] </td><td> (Updated) </td><td> {{MSGNW:updated}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Upload&action=edit upload] </td><td> Upload file </td><td> {{MSGNW:upload}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadbtn&action=edit uploadbtn] </td><td> Upload file </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploadbtn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploaddisabled&action=edit uploaddisabled] </td><td> Sorry, uploading is disabled. </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploaddisabled}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadedfiles&action=edit uploadedfiles] </td><td> Uploaded files </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploadedfiles}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadedimage&action=edit uploadedimage] </td><td> uploaded "$1" </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploadedimage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploaderror&action=edit uploaderror] </td><td> Upload error </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploaderror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadfile&action=edit uploadfile] </td><td> Upload images, sounds, documents etc. </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploadfile}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadlink&action=edit uploadlink] </td><td> Upload images </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploadlink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadlog&action=edit uploadlog] </td><td> upload log </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploadlog}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadlogpage&action=edit uploadlogpage] </td><td> Upload_log </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploadlogpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadlogpagetext&action=edit uploadlogpagetext] </td><td> Below is a list of the most recent file uploads. All times shown are server time (UTC). <ul> </ul> </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploadlogpagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadnologin&action=edit uploadnologin] </td><td> Not logged in </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploadnologin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadnologintext&action=edit uploadnologintext] </td><td> You must be <a href="/wiki/Special:Userlogin">logged in</a> to upload files. </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploadnologintext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadtext&action=edit uploadtext] </td><td> STOP! Before you upload here, make sure to read and follow the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_use_policy">image use policy</a>. If a file with the name you are specifying already exists on the wiki, it'll be replaced without warning. So unless you mean to update a file, it's a good idea to first check if such a file exists. To view or search previously uploaded images, go to the <a href="/wiki/Special:Imagelist">list of uploaded images</a>. Uploads and deletions are logged on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Upload_log">upload log</a>. Use the form below to upload new image files for use in illustrating your articles. On most browsers, you will see a "Browse..." button, which will bring up your operating system's standard file open dialog. Choosing a file will fill the name of that file into the text field next to the button. You must also check the box affirming that you are not violating any copyrights by uploading the file. Press the "Upload" button to finish the upload. This may take some time if you have a slow internet connection. The preferred formats are JPEG for photographic images, PNG for drawings and other iconic images, and OGG for sounds. Please name your files descriptively to avoid confusion. To include the image in an article, use a link in the form [[image:file.jpg]] or [[image:file.png|alt text]] or [[media:file.ogg]] for sounds. Please note that as with wiki pages, others may edit or delete your uploads if they think it serves the encyclopedia, and you may be blocked from uploading if you abuse the system. </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploadtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadwarning&action=edit uploadwarning] </td><td> Upload warning </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploadwarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userexists&action=edit userexists] </td><td> The user name you entered is already in use. Please choose a different name. </td><td> {{MSGNW:userexists}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userlogin&action=edit userlogin] </td><td> Log in </td><td> {{MSGNW:userlogin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userlogout&action=edit userlogout] </td><td> Log out </td><td> {{MSGNW:userlogout}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userpage&action=edit userpage] </td><td> View user page </td><td> {{MSGNW:userpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userstats&action=edit userstats] </td><td> User statistics </td><td> {{MSGNW:userstats}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userstatstext&action=edit userstatstext] </td><td> There are $1 registered users. $2 of these are administrators (see $3). </td><td> {{MSGNW:userstatstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Version&action=edit version] </td><td> Version </td><td> {{MSGNW:version}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Viewcount&action=edit viewcount] </td><td> This page has been accessed $1 times. </td><td> {{MSGNW:viewcount}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Viewprevnext&action=edit viewprevnext] </td><td> View ($1) ($2) ($3). </td><td> {{MSGNW:viewprevnext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Viewsource&action=edit viewsource] </td><td> View source </td><td> {{MSGNW:viewsource}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Viewtalkpage&action=edit viewtalkpage] </td><td> View discussion </td><td> {{MSGNW:viewtalkpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wantedpages&action=edit wantedpages] </td><td> Wanted pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:wantedpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchdetails&action=edit watchdetails] </td><td> ($1 pages watched not counting talk pages; $2 total pages edited since cutoff; $3... <a href='$4'>show and edit complete list</a>.) </td><td> {{MSGNW:watchdetails}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watcheditlist&action=edit watcheditlist] </td><td> Here's an alphabetical list of your watched pages. Check the boxes of pages you want to remove from your watchlist and click the 'remove checked' button at the bottom of the screen. </td><td> {{MSGNW:watcheditlist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchlist&action=edit watchlist] </td><td> My watchlist </td><td> {{MSGNW:watchlist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchlistcontains&action=edit watchlistcontains] </td><td> Your watchlist contains $1 pages. </td><td> {{MSGNW:watchlistcontains}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchlistsub&action=edit watchlistsub] </td><td> (for user "$1") </td><td> {{MSGNW:watchlistsub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchmethod-list&action=edit watchmethod-list] </td><td> checking watched pages for recent edits </td><td> {{MSGNW:watchmethod-list}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchmethod-recent&action=edit watchmethod-recent] </td><td> checking recent edits for watched pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:watchmethod-recent}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchnochange&action=edit watchnochange] </td><td> None of your watched items were edited in the time period displayed. </td><td> {{MSGNW:watchnochange}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchnologin&action=edit watchnologin] </td><td> Not logged in </td><td> {{MSGNW:watchnologin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchnologintext&action=edit watchnologintext] </td><td> You must be <a href="/wiki/Special:Userlogin">logged in</a> to modify your watchlist. </td><td> {{MSGNW:watchnologintext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchthis&action=edit watchthis] </td><td> Watch this article </td><td> {{MSGNW:watchthis}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchthispage&action=edit watchthispage] </td><td> Watch this page </td><td> {{MSGNW:watchthispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Welcomecreation&action=edit welcomecreation] </td><td> <h2>Welcome, $1!</h2>Your account has been created. Don't forget to personalize your wikipedia preferences. </td><td> {{MSGNW:welcomecreation}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whatlinkshere&action=edit whatlinkshere] </td><td> What links here </td><td> {{MSGNW:whatlinkshere}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistacctext&action=edit whitelistacctext] </td><td> To be allowed to create accounts in this Wiki you have to [[Special:Userlogin|log]] in and have the appropriate permissions. </td><td> {{MSGNW:whitelistacctext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistacctitle&action=edit whitelistacctitle] </td><td> You are not allowed to create an account </td><td> {{MSGNW:whitelistacctitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistedittext&action=edit whitelistedittext] </td><td> You have to [[Special:Userlogin|login]] to edit articles. </td><td> {{MSGNW:whitelistedittext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistedittitle&action=edit whitelistedittitle] </td><td> Login required to edit </td><td> {{MSGNW:whitelistedittitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistreadtext&action=edit whitelistreadtext] </td><td> You have to [[Special:Userlogin|login]] to read articles. </td><td> {{MSGNW:whitelistreadtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistreadtitle&action=edit whitelistreadtitle] </td><td> Login required to read </td><td> {{MSGNW:whitelistreadtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wikipediapage&action=edit wikipediapage] </td><td> View meta page </td><td> {{MSGNW:wikipediapage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wikititlesuffix&action=edit wikititlesuffix] </td><td> Wikipedia </td><td> {{MSGNW:wikititlesuffix}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wlnote&action=edit wlnote] </td><td> Below are the last $1 changes in the last $2 hours. </td><td> {{MSGNW:wlnote}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wlsaved&action=edit wlsaved] </td><td> This is a saved version of your watchlist. </td><td> {{MSGNW:wlsaved}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wlshowlast&action=edit wlshowlast] </td><td> Show last $1 hours $2 days $3 </td><td> {{MSGNW:wlshowlast}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wrong_wfQuery_params&action=edit wrong_wfQuery_params] </td><td> Incorrect parameters to wfQuery() Function: $1 Query: $2 </td><td> {{MSGNW:wrong_wfQuery_params}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wrongpassword&action=edit wrongpassword] </td><td> The password you entered is incorrect. Please try again. </td><td> {{MSGNW:wrongpassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourdiff&action=edit yourdiff] </td><td> Differences </td><td> {{MSGNW:yourdiff}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Youremail&action=edit youremail] </td><td> Your e-mail* </td><td> {{MSGNW:youremail}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourname&action=edit yourname] </td><td> Your user name </td><td> {{MSGNW:yourname}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yournick&action=edit yournick] </td><td> Your nickname (for signatures) </td><td> {{MSGNW:yournick}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourpassword&action=edit yourpassword] </td><td> Your password </td><td> {{MSGNW:yourpassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourpasswordagain&action=edit yourpasswordagain] </td><td> Retype password </td><td> {{MSGNW:yourpasswordagain}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourtext&action=edit yourtext] </td><td> Your text </td><td> {{MSGNW:yourtext}} </td></tr></table> Wikipedia:!Long articles 631 sysop 3198 2004-02-08T14:42:32Z 65.54.188.18 <ol start=1><li><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class='internal' title ="Main Page">Main Page</a> (4546 bytes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arhitektura" class='internal' title ="Arhitektura">Arhitektura</a> (28 bytes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologija" class='internal' title ="Biologija">Biologija</a> (28 bytes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filozofija" class='internal' title ="Filozofija">Filozofija</a> (28 bytes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinemannova_Nagrada" class='internal' title ="Heinemannova Nagrada">Heinemannova Nagrada</a> (28 bytes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verjetnost_In_Statistika" class='internal' title ="Verjetnost In Statistika">Verjetnost In Statistika</a> (28 bytes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film" class='internal' title ="Film">Film</a> (15 bytes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amper" class='internal' title ="Amper">Amper</a> (1 bytes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" class='internal' title ="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a> (1 bytes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronomija_In_Astrofizika" class='internal' title ="Astronomija In Astrofizika">Astronomija In Astrofizika</a> (1 bytes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrofizika" class='internal' title ="Astrofizika">Astrofizika</a> (1 bytes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candela" class='internal' title ="Candela">Candela</a> (1 bytes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celje" class='internal' title ="Celje">Celje</a> (1 bytes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diracova_Medalja" class='internal' title ="Diracova Medalja">Diracova Medalja</a> (1 bytes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fizika" class='internal' title ="Fizika">Fizika</a> (1 bytes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jezik" class='internal' title ="Jezik">Jezik</a> (1 bytes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeziki_Sveta" class='internal' title ="Jeziki Sveta">Jeziki Sveta</a> (1 bytes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juznoslovanski_Jeziki" class='internal' title ="Juznoslovanski Jeziki">Juznoslovanski Jeziki</a> (1 bytes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jezikovne_Druzine" class='internal' title ="Jezikovne Druzine">Jezikovne Druzine</a> (1 bytes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janez_Strnad" class='internal' title ="Janez Strnad">Janez Strnad</a> (1 bytes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jozef_Stefan" class='internal' title ="Jozef Stefan">Jozef Stefan</a> (1 bytes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stewart_Bell" class='internal' title ="John Stewart Bell">John Stewart Bell</a> (1 bytes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilogram" class='internal' title ="Kilogram">Kilogram</a> (1 bytes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelvin" class='internal' title ="Kelvin">Kelvin</a> (1 bytes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klasicna_Mehanika" class='internal' title ="Klasicna Mehanika">Klasicna Mehanika</a> (1 bytes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemija" class='internal' title ="Kemija">Kemija</a> (1 bytes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kvantna_Teorija_Polja" class='internal' title ="Kvantna Teorija Polja">Kvantna Teorija Polja</a> (1 bytes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozmologija" class='internal' title ="Kozmologija">Kozmologija</a> (1 bytes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matematika" class='internal' title ="Matematika">Matematika</a> (1 bytes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meter" class='internal' title ="Meter">Meter</a> (1 bytes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mol" class='internal' title ="Mol">Mol</a> (1 bytes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matematicne_Konstante" class='internal' title ="Matematicne Konstante">Matematicne Konstante</a> (1 bytes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maja_Einstein" class='internal' title ="Maja Einstein">Maja Einstein</a> (1 bytes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobelova_Nagrada_Za_Fiziko" class='internal' title ="Nobelova Nagrada Za Fiziko">Nobelova Nagrada Za Fiziko</a> (1 bytes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaj_Nikolajevic_Bogoljubov" class='internal' title ="Nikolaj Nikolajevic Bogoljubov">Nikolaj Nikolajevic Bogoljubov</a> (1 bytes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obvestila" class='internal' title ="Obvestila">Obvestila</a> (1 bytes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osnovne_Enote_SI" class='internal' title ="Osnovne Enote SI">Osnovne Enote SI</a> (1 bytes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterlin" class='internal' title ="Peterlin">Peterlin</a> (1 bytes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predpone_SI" class='internal' title ="Predpone SI">Predpone SI</a> (1 bytes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posebna_Teorija_Relativnosti" class='internal' title ="Posebna Teorija Relativnosti">Posebna Teorija Relativnosti</a> (1 bytes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periodni_Sistem_Elementov" class='internal' title ="Periodni Sistem Elementov">Periodni Sistem Elementov</a> (1 bytes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogovor" class='internal' title ="Pogovor">Pogovor</a> (1 bytes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenski_Matematiki" class='internal' title ="Slovenski Matematiki">Slovenski Matematiki</a> (1 bytes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenscina" class='internal' title ="Slovenscina">Slovenscina</a> (1 bytes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovanski_Jeziki" class='internal' title ="Slovanski Jeziki">Slovanski Jeziki</a> (1 bytes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekunda" class='internal' title ="Sekunda">Sekunda</a> (1 bytes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenski_Fiziki" class='internal' title ="Slovenski Fiziki">Slovenski Fiziki</a> (1 bytes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splosna_Teorija_Relativnosti" class='internal' title ="Splosna Teorija Relativnosti">Splosna Teorija Relativnosti</a> (1 bytes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefan-Boltzmanov_Zakon" class='internal' title ="Stefan-Boltzmanov Zakon">Stefan-Boltzmanov Zakon</a> (1 bytes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefan-Boltzmannov_Zakon" class='internal' title ="Stefan-Boltzmannov Zakon">Stefan-Boltzmannov Zakon</a> (1 bytes)</li> </ol> Wikipedia:!Orphaned articles 632 sysop 3199 2004-02-08T14:50:11Z 65.54.188.18 <ol start=1><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" class='internal' title ="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amper" class='internal' title ="Amper">Amper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arhitektura" class='internal' title ="Arhitektura">Arhitektura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrofizika" class='internal' title ="Astrofizika">Astrofizika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronomija_In_Astrofizika" class='internal' title ="Astronomija In Astrofizika">Astronomija In Astrofizika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologija" class='internal' title ="Biologija">Biologija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candela" class='internal' title ="Candela">Candela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celje" class='internal' title ="Celje">Celje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diracova_Medalja" class='internal' title ="Diracova Medalja">Diracova Medalja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film" class='internal' title ="Film">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filozofija" class='internal' title ="Filozofija">Filozofija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fizika" class='internal' title ="Fizika">Fizika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinemannova_Nagrada" class='internal' title ="Heinemannova Nagrada">Heinemannova Nagrada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janez_Strnad" class='internal' title ="Janez Strnad">Janez Strnad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jezik" class='internal' title ="Jezik">Jezik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeziki_Sveta" class='internal' title ="Jeziki Sveta">Jeziki Sveta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jezikovne_Druzine" class='internal' title ="Jezikovne Druzine">Jezikovne Druzine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stewart_Bell" class='internal' title ="John Stewart Bell">John Stewart Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jozef_Stefan" class='internal' title ="Jozef Stefan">Jozef Stefan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juznoslovanski_Jeziki" class='internal' title ="Juznoslovanski Jeziki">Juznoslovanski Jeziki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelvin" class='internal' title ="Kelvin">Kelvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemija" class='internal' title ="Kemija">Kemija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilogram" class='internal' title ="Kilogram">Kilogram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klasicna_Mehanika" class='internal' title ="Klasicna Mehanika">Klasicna Mehanika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozmologija" class='internal' title ="Kozmologija">Kozmologija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kvantna_Teorija_Polja" class='internal' title ="Kvantna Teorija Polja">Kvantna Teorija Polja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maja_Einstein" class='internal' title ="Maja Einstein">Maja Einstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matematicne_Konstante" class='internal' title ="Matematicne Konstante">Matematicne Konstante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matematika" class='internal' title ="Matematika">Matematika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meter" class='internal' title ="Meter">Meter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mol" class='internal' title ="Mol">Mol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaj_Nikolajevic_Bogoljubov" class='internal' title ="Nikolaj Nikolajevic Bogoljubov">Nikolaj Nikolajevic Bogoljubov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobelova_Nagrada_Za_Fiziko" class='internal' title ="Nobelova Nagrada Za Fiziko">Nobelova Nagrada Za Fiziko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obvestila" class='internal' title ="Obvestila">Obvestila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osnovne_Enote_SI" class='internal' title ="Osnovne Enote SI">Osnovne Enote SI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periodni_Sistem_Elementov" class='internal' title ="Periodni Sistem Elementov">Periodni Sistem Elementov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterlin" class='internal' title ="Peterlin">Peterlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogovor" class='internal' title ="Pogovor">Pogovor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posebna_Teorija_Relativnosti" class='internal' title ="Posebna Teorija Relativnosti">Posebna Teorija Relativnosti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predpone_SI" class='internal' title ="Predpone SI">Predpone SI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekunda" class='internal' title ="Sekunda">Sekunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovanski_Jeziki" class='internal' title ="Slovanski Jeziki">Slovanski Jeziki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenscina" class='internal' title ="Slovenscina">Slovenscina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenski_Fiziki" class='internal' title ="Slovenski Fiziki">Slovenski Fiziki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenski_Matematiki" class='internal' title ="Slovenski Matematiki">Slovenski Matematiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splosna_Teorija_Relativnosti" class='internal' title ="Splosna Teorija Relativnosti">Splosna Teorija Relativnosti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefan-Boltzmannov_Zakon" class='internal' title ="Stefan-Boltzmannov Zakon">Stefan-Boltzmannov Zakon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefan-Boltzmanov_Zakon" class='internal' title ="Stefan-Boltzmanov Zakon">Stefan-Boltzmanov Zakon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefanov_Zakon" class='internal' title ="Stefanov Zakon">Stefanov Zakon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urejevanje_Slovenskih_Strani" class='internal' title ="Urejevanje Slovenskih Strani">Urejevanje Slovenskih Strani</a></li> </ol> Wikipedia:!Dead-end pages 633 sysop 3200 2004-02-08T14:50:59Z 65.54.188.18 <ol start=1><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" class='internal' title ="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amper" class='internal' title ="Amper">Amper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arhitektura" class='internal' title ="Arhitektura">Arhitektura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrofizika" class='internal' title ="Astrofizika">Astrofizika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronomija_In_Astrofizika" class='internal' title ="Astronomija In Astrofizika">Astronomija In Astrofizika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologija" class='internal' title ="Biologija">Biologija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candela" class='internal' title ="Candela">Candela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celje" class='internal' title ="Celje">Celje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diracova_Medalja" class='internal' title ="Diracova Medalja">Diracova Medalja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film" class='internal' title ="Film">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filozofija" class='internal' title ="Filozofija">Filozofija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fizika" class='internal' title ="Fizika">Fizika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinemannova_Nagrada" class='internal' title ="Heinemannova Nagrada">Heinemannova Nagrada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janez_Strnad" class='internal' title ="Janez Strnad">Janez Strnad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jezik" class='internal' title ="Jezik">Jezik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeziki_Sveta" class='internal' title ="Jeziki Sveta">Jeziki Sveta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jezikovne_Druzine" class='internal' title ="Jezikovne Druzine">Jezikovne Druzine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stewart_Bell" class='internal' title ="John Stewart Bell">John Stewart Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jozef_Stefan" class='internal' title ="Jozef Stefan">Jozef Stefan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juznoslovanski_Jeziki" class='internal' title ="Juznoslovanski 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Alferov">Zores I. Alferov</a> (1 bytes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Znani_Fiziki" class='internal' title ="Znani Fiziki">Znani Fiziki</a> (1 bytes)</li> </ol> Wikipedia:!Most wanted articles 636 sysop 3203 2004-02-08T15:36:51Z 65.54.188.18 <ol start=1></ol> Wikipedia:All pages by title 637 sysop 3204 2004-02-25T04:53:38Z 210.50.172.177 <table> <tr><td align="right"><a href="/w/wiki.phtml?title=Special:Allpages&from=Albert_Einstein" class='internal' title ="Special:Allpages">Albert Einstein</a></td><td> to </td><td align="left">Zores Ivanovic Alferov</td></tr> </table> MediaWiki:Bureaucratlog 638 sysop 257 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Bureaucrat_log 1006 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Bureaucrat_log 1739 2004-12-23T05:41:00Z MediaWiki default Bureaucrat_log 3205 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Bureaucrat_log MediaWiki:Bureaucratlogentry 639 sysop 258 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Rights for user "$1" set "$2" 1007 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Rights for user "$1" set "$2" 1740 2004-12-23T05:41:00Z MediaWiki default Rights for user "$1" set "$2" 3206 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Rights for user "$1" set "$2" 3681 2005-07-03T13:47:10Z MediaWiki default Changed group membership for $1 from $2 to $3 MediaWiki:Bureaucrattext 640 sysop 259 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default The action you have requested can only be performed by sysops with "bureaucrat" status. 1008 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default The action you have requested can only be performed by sysops with "bureaucrat" status. 1741 2004-12-23T05:41:00Z MediaWiki default The action you have requested can only be performed by sysops with "bureaucrat" status. 3207 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default The action you have requested can only be performed by sysops with "bureaucrat" status. MediaWiki:Bureaucrattitle 641 sysop 260 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Bureaucrat access required 1009 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Bureaucrat access required 1742 2004-12-23T05:41:00Z MediaWiki default Bureaucrat access required 3208 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Bureaucrat access required MediaWiki:Defemailsubject 642 sysop 306 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default MediaWiki e-mail 1054 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia e-mail 1800 2004-12-23T05:41:04Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} e-mail 3209 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} e-mail MediaWiki:Googlesearch 643 sysop 380 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default  <FORM method=GET action="http://www.google.com/search"> <TABLE bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><tr><td> <A HREF="http://www.google.com/"> <IMG SRC="http://www.google.com/logos/Logo_40wht.gif" border="0" ALT="Google"></A> </td> <td> <INPUT TYPE=text name=q size=31 maxlength=255 value="$1"> <INPUT type=submit name=btnG VALUE="Google Search"> <input type=hidden name=domains value="http://si.wikipedia.org"> <input type=radio name=sitesearch value=""> WWW <input type=radio name=sitesearch value="http://si.wikipedia.org" checked> http://si.wikipedia.org <input type='hidden' name='ie' value='$2'> <input type='hidden' name='oe' value='$2'> </td></tr></TABLE> </FORM>  1126 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default  <FORM method=GET action="http://www.google.com/search"> <TABLE bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><tr><td> <A HREF="http://www.google.com/"> <IMG SRC="http://www.google.com/logos/Logo_40wht.gif" border="0" ALT="Google"></A> </td> <td> <INPUT TYPE=text name=q size=31 maxlength=255 value="$1"> <INPUT type=submit name=btnG VALUE="Google Search"> <input type=hidden name=domains value="{{SERVER}}"> <input type=radio name=sitesearch value=""> WWW <input type=radio name=sitesearch value="{{SERVER}}" checked> {{SERVER}} <input type='hidden' name='ie' value='$2'> <input type='hidden' name='oe' value='$2'> </td></tr></TABLE> </FORM>  1886 2004-12-23T05:41:12Z MediaWiki default  <FORM method=GET action="http://www.google.com/search"> <TABLE bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><tr><td> <A HREF="http://www.google.com/"> <IMG SRC="http://www.google.com/logos/Logo_40wht.gif" border="0" ALT="Google"></A> </td> <td> <INPUT TYPE=text name=q size=31 maxlength=255 value="$1"> <INPUT type=submit name=btnG VALUE="Google Search"> <input type=hidden name=domains value="{{SERVER}}"> <input type=radio name=sitesearch value=""> WWW <input type=radio name=sitesearch value="{{SERVER}}" checked> {{SERVER}} <input type='hidden' name='ie' value='$2'> <input type='hidden' name='oe' value='$2'> </td></tr></TABLE> </FORM>  3210 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default <div style="margin-left: 2em">  <div style="width:130px;float:left;text-align:center;position:relative;top:-8px"><a href="http://www.google.com/" style="padding:0;background-image:none"><img src="http://www.google.com/logos/Logo_40wht.gif" alt="Google" style="border:none" /></a></div> <form method="get" action="http://www.google.com/search" style="margin-left:135px"> <div> <input type="hidden" name="domains" value="{{SERVER}}" /> <input type="hidden" name="num" value="50" /> <input type="hidden" name="ie" value="$2" /> <input type="hidden" name="oe" value="$2" /> <input type="text" name="q" size="31" maxlength="255" value="$1" /> <input type="submit" name="btnG" value="Google Search" /> </div> <div style="font-size:90%"> <input type="radio" name="sitesearch" id="gwiki" value="{{SERVER}}" checked="checked" /><label for="gwiki">{{SITENAME}}</label> <input type="radio" name="sitesearch" id="gWWW" value="" /><label for="gWWW">WWW</label> </div> </form> </div> 3965 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default <form method="get" action="http://www.google.com/search" id="googlesearch"> <input type="hidden" name="domains" value="{{SERVER}}" /> <input type="hidden" name="num" value="50" /> <input type="hidden" name="ie" value="$2" /> <input type="hidden" name="oe" value="$2" /> <input type="text" name="q" size="31" maxlength="255" value="$1" /> <input type="submit" name="btnG" value="$3" /> <div> <input type="radio" name="sitesearch" id="gwiki" value="{{SERVER}}" checked="checked" /><label for="gwiki">{{SITENAME}}</label> <input type="radio" name="sitesearch" id="gWWW" value="" /><label for="gWWW">WWW</label> </div> </form> MediaWiki:Ip range invalid 644 sysop 419 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Invalid IP range. 1165 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Invalid IP range. 1930 2004-12-23T05:41:17Z MediaWiki default Invalid IP range. 3211 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Invalid IP range. 4729 2005-12-22T07:39:45Z MediaWiki default Invalid IP range. MediaWiki:Ipb expiry invalid 645 sysop 421 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Expiry time invalid. 1167 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Expiry time invalid. 1932 2004-12-23T05:41:17Z MediaWiki default Expiry time invalid. 3212 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Expiry time invalid. MediaWiki:Ipbexpiry 646 sysop 422 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Expiry 1168 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Expiry 1933 2004-12-23T05:41:17Z MediaWiki default Expiry 3213 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Expiry MediaWiki:Makesysopfail 647 sysop 483 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default User "$1" could not be made into a sysop. (Did you enter the name correctly?) 1229 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default User "$1" could not be made into a sysop. (Did you enter the name correctly?) 2003 2004-12-23T05:41:28Z MediaWiki default User "$1" could not be made into a sysop. (Did you enter the name correctly?) 3214 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default User "$1" could not be made into a sysop. (Did you enter the name correctly?) MediaWiki:Makesysopname 648 sysop 484 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Name of the user: 1230 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Name of the user: 2004 2004-12-23T05:41:28Z MediaWiki default Name of the user: 3215 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Name of the user: MediaWiki:Makesysopok 649 sysop 485 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default User "$1" is now a sysop 1231 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default User "$1" is now a sysop 2005 2004-12-23T05:41:28Z MediaWiki default User "$1" is now a sysop 3216 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default User "$1" is now a sysop MediaWiki:Makesysopsubmit 650 sysop 486 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Make this user into a sysop 1232 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Make this user into a sysop 2006 2004-12-23T05:41:28Z MediaWiki default Make this user into a sysop 3217 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Make this user into a sysop MediaWiki:Makesysoptext 651 sysop 487 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default This form is used by bureaucrats to turn ordinary users into administrators. Type the name of the user in the box and press the button to make the user an administrator 1233 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default This form is used by bureaucrats to turn ordinary users into administrators. Type the name of the user in the box and press the button to make the user an administrator 2007 2004-12-23T05:41:28Z MediaWiki default This form is used by bureaucrats to turn ordinary users into administrators. Type the name of the user in the box and press the button to make the user an administrator 3218 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default This form is used by bureaucrats to turn ordinary users into administrators. Type the name of the user in the box and press the button to make the user an administrator MediaWiki:Makesysoptitle 652 sysop 488 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Make a user into a sysop 1234 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Make a user into a sysop 2008 2004-12-23T05:41:29Z MediaWiki default Make a user into a sysop 3219 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Make a user into a sysop MediaWiki:Range block disabled 653 sysop 656 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default The sysop ability to create range blocks is disabled. 1402 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default The sysop ability to create range blocks is disabled. 2218 2004-12-23T05:41:50Z MediaWiki default The sysop ability to create range blocks is disabled. 3220 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default The sysop ability to create range blocks is disabled. MediaWiki:Setbureaucratflag 654 sysop 722 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Set bureaucrat flag 1465 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Set bureaucrat flag 2291 2004-12-23T05:41:58Z MediaWiki default Set bureaucrat flag 3221 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Set bureaucrat flag MediaWiki:Version 655 sysop 877 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Version 1580 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Version 2523 2004-12-23T05:42:24Z MediaWiki default Version 3222 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Version Wikipedia:General disclaimer 656 151 2004-04-03T20:56:14Z 81.212.103.54 '''General disclaimer''' - [[Wikipedia:Risk disclaimer|Use Wikipedia at your own risk!]] - [[Wikipedia:Medical disclaimer|Wikipedia does not give medical advice]] - [[Wikipedia:Legal disclaimer|Wikipedia does not give legal opinions]] - [[Wikipedia:Content disclaimer|Wikipedia contains spoilers and content you may find objectionable]] <center> WIKIPEDIA MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY </center> '''Wikipedia''' is an online open-content encyclopedia, that is, a voluntary association of individuals and groups who are developing a common resource of human knowledge. Its structure allows any individual with an Internet connection and World Wide Web browser to alter the content found here. Therefore, please be advised that nothing found here has necessarily been reviewed by professionals who are knowledgeable in the particular areas of expertise necessary to provide you with complete, accurate or reliable information about any subject in ''Wikipedia''. That's not to say that you won't find much valuable and accurate information at ''Wikipedia'', however please be advised that '''''Wikipedia'' CANNOT guarantee, in any way whatsoever, the validity of the information found here.''' It may recently have been changed, vandalized or altered by someone whose opinion does not correspond with the state of knowledge in the particular area you are interested in learning about. We are working on ways to select and approve more trustable versions of articles, but still without warranty. The closest thing to this that currently exists is the [[Wikipedia:Featured articles]] process, but even the articles listed there may have been mercilessly edited shortly before you view them. ::'''None of the authors, contributors, sponsors, administrators, sysops, or anyone else connected with ''Wikipedia'' in any way whatsoever can be responsible for the appearance of any inaccurate or libelous information or your use of the information contained in or linked from these web pages.''' Please make sure that you understand that the information provided here is being provided free and gratuitously, and that no kind of agreement or contract is created between you and the owners or users of this site, the owners of the servers upon which it is housed, the individual ''Wikipedia'' contributors, any project administrators, sysops or anyone else who is in ''any way connected'' with this project or sister projects subject to your claims against them directly. You are being granted a limited license to copy anything from this site; it does not create or imply any contractual or extracontractual liability on the part of ''Wikipedia'' or any of its agents, members, organizers or other users. Any of the trademarks, service marks, collective marks, design rights, personality rights or similar rights that are mentioned, used or cited in the articles of the Wikipedia encyclopedia are the property of their respective owners. Their use here does not imply that you may use them for any other purpose other than for the same or a similar informational use as contemplated by the original authors of these Wikipedia articles under the GFDL licensing scheme. Unless otherwise stated Wikipedia and Wikimedia sites are neither endorsed nor affiliated with any of the holders of any such rights and as such Wikipedia can not grant any rights to use any otherwise protected materials. ''Your use of any such or similar incorporeal property is at your own risk.'' Please note that that the information found here may be in violation of the laws of the country or jurisdiction from where you are viewing this information. ''Wikipedia'' does not encourage the violation of any laws, but as this information is stored on a server in the State of [[Florida]] in the [[United States of America]], it is being maintained in reference to the protections afforded to all under the [[United States Constitution]]'s [[First Amendment]] and under the principles of the [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] of the [[United Nations]]. The laws in your country may not recognize as broad a protection of free speech as the laws of the United States or the principles under the UN Charter, and as such, ''Wikipedia'' cannot be responsible for any potential violations of such laws should you link to this domain or use any of the information contained herein in anyway whatsoever. :'''<big>If you need specific advice (for example, medical, legal, financial, or risk management) please seek a professional who is licensed or knowledgable in that area.</big>''' Read [[Wikipedia:Risk disclaimer]], [[Wikipedia:Medical disclaimer]], and [[Wikipedia:Legal disclaimer]] for specific disclaimers. :'''<big>Wikipedia is not uniformly peer reviewed; while readers may correct errors or remove erroneous suggestions they have no legal duty to do so and thus all information read here is without any implied warranty of fitness for any purpose or use whatsoever.</big>''' '''No consequential damages can be sought against ''Wikipedia''''', as it is a voluntary association of individuals developed freely to create various open source online educational, cultural and informational resources. '''This information is being given to you gratuitously''' and there is '''no agreement or understanding between you and ''Wikipedia''''' regarding your use or modification of this information beyond the [[GNU Free Documentation License]][http://www.hukuki.net ;] neither is anyone at ''Wikipedia'' responsible should someone change, edit, modify or remove any information that you may post on ''Wikipedia'' or any of its associated projects. Thank you for spending the time to read this page, and please enjoy your experience at ''Wikipedia''.  [[en:Wikipedia:General_disclaimer]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:Avís legal]] [[da:Wikipedia:Generelle forbehold]] [[hu:Wikip%C3%A9dia:Jogi_nyilatkozat]] [[no:Wikipedia:Generelle forbehold]] [[tr:Hukuk]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Zrzeczenie się odpowiedzialności]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Allmänt förbehåll]] [[zh:Wikipedia:%E5%85%8D%E8%B4%A3%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E]] 152 2004-04-04T14:56:45Z Angela 3 remove spam '''General disclaimer''' - [[Wikipedia:Risk disclaimer|Use Wikipedia at your own risk!]] - [[Wikipedia:Medical disclaimer|Wikipedia does not give medical advice]] - [[Wikipedia:Legal disclaimer|Wikipedia does not give legal opinions]] - [[Wikipedia:Content disclaimer|Wikipedia contains spoilers and content you may find objectionable]] <center> WIKIPEDIA MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY </center> '''Wikipedia''' is an online open-content encyclopedia, that is, a voluntary association of individuals and groups who are developing a common resource of human knowledge. Its structure allows any individual with an Internet connection and World Wide Web browser to alter the content found here. Therefore, please be advised that nothing found here has necessarily been reviewed by professionals who are knowledgeable in the particular areas of expertise necessary to provide you with complete, accurate or reliable information about any subject in ''Wikipedia''. That's not to say that you won't find much valuable and accurate information at ''Wikipedia'', however please be advised that '''''Wikipedia'' CANNOT guarantee, in any way whatsoever, the validity of the information found here.''' It may recently have been changed, vandalized or altered by someone whose opinion does not correspond with the state of knowledge in the particular area you are interested in learning about. We are working on ways to select and approve more trustable versions of articles, but still without warranty. The closest thing to this that currently exists is the [[Wikipedia:Featured articles]] process, but even the articles listed there may have been mercilessly edited shortly before you view them. ::'''None of the authors, contributors, sponsors, administrators, sysops, or anyone else connected with ''Wikipedia'' in any way whatsoever can be responsible for the appearance of any inaccurate or libelous information or your use of the information contained in or linked from these web pages.''' Please make sure that you understand that the information provided here is being provided free and gratuitously, and that no kind of agreement or contract is created between you and the owners or users of this site, the owners of the servers upon which it is housed, the individual ''Wikipedia'' contributors, any project administrators, sysops or anyone else who is in ''any way connected'' with this project or sister projects subject to your claims against them directly. You are being granted a limited license to copy anything from this site; it does not create or imply any contractual or extracontractual liability on the part of ''Wikipedia'' or any of its agents, members, organizers or other users. Any of the trademarks, service marks, collective marks, design rights, personality rights or similar rights that are mentioned, used or cited in the articles of the Wikipedia encyclopedia are the property of their respective owners. Their use here does not imply that you may use them for any other purpose other than for the same or a similar informational use as contemplated by the original authors of these Wikipedia articles under the GFDL licensing scheme. Unless otherwise stated Wikipedia and Wikimedia sites are neither endorsed nor affiliated with any of the holders of any such rights and as such Wikipedia can not grant any rights to use any otherwise protected materials. ''Your use of any such or similar incorporeal property is at your own risk.'' Please note that that the information found here may be in violation of the laws of the country or jurisdiction from where you are viewing this information. ''Wikipedia'' does not encourage the violation of any laws, but as this information is stored on a server in the State of [[Florida]] in the [[United States of America]], it is being maintained in reference to the protections afforded to all under the [[United States Constitution]]'s [[First Amendment]] and under the principles of the [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] of the [[United Nations]]. The laws in your country may not recognize as broad a protection of free speech as the laws of the United States or the principles under the UN Charter, and as such, ''Wikipedia'' cannot be responsible for any potential violations of such laws should you link to this domain or use any of the information contained herein in anyway whatsoever. :'''<big>If you need specific advice (for example, medical, legal, financial, or risk management) please seek a professional who is licensed or knowledgable in that area.</big>''' Read [[Wikipedia:Risk disclaimer]], [[Wikipedia:Medical disclaimer]], and [[Wikipedia:Legal disclaimer]] for specific disclaimers. :'''<big>Wikipedia is not uniformly peer reviewed; while readers may correct errors or remove erroneous suggestions they have no legal duty to do so and thus all information read here is without any implied warranty of fitness for any purpose or use whatsoever.</big>''' '''No consequential damages can be sought against ''Wikipedia''''', as it is a voluntary association of individuals developed freely to create various open source online educational, cultural and informational resources. '''This information is being given to you gratuitously''' and there is '''no agreement or understanding between you and ''Wikipedia''''' regarding your use or modification of this information beyond the [[GNU Free Documentation License]] neither is anyone at ''Wikipedia'' responsible should someone change, edit, modify or remove any information that you may post on ''Wikipedia'' or any of its associated projects. Thank you for spending the time to read this page, and please enjoy your experience at ''Wikipedia''.  [[en:Wikipedia:General_disclaimer]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:Avís legal]] [[da:Wikipedia:Generelle forbehold]] [[hu:Wikip%C3%A9dia:Jogi_nyilatkozat]] [[no:Wikipedia:Generelle forbehold]] [[tr:Hukuk]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Zrzeczenie się odpowiedzialności]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Allmänt förbehåll]] [[zh:Wikipedia:%E5%85%8D%E8%B4%A3%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E]] 153 2004-04-23T10:21:58Z 203.101.40.81 [Paid surveys |http://www.paidsurveysforall.com ] [BPO services|http://www.thuriam.com] [BPO services|http://www.isourceindia.com BPO Services] '''General disclaimer''' - [[Wikipedia:Risk disclaimer|Use Wikipedia at your own risk!]] - [[Wikipedia:Medical disclaimer|Wikipedia does not give medical advice]] - [[Wikipedia:Legal disclaimer|Wikipedia does not give legal opinions]] - [[Wikipedia:Content disclaimer|Wikipedia contains spoilers and content you may find objectionable]] <center> WIKIPEDIA MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY </center> '''Wikipedia''' is an online open-content encyclopedia, that is, a voluntary association of individuals and groups who are developing a common resource of human knowledge. Its structure allows any individual with an Internet connection and World Wide Web browser to alter the content found here. Therefore, please be advised that nothing found here has necessarily been reviewed by professionals who are knowledgeable in the particular areas of expertise necessary to provide you with complete, accurate or reliable information about any subject in ''Wikipedia''. That's not to say that you won't find much valuable and accurate information at ''Wikipedia'', however please be advised that '''''Wikipedia'' CANNOT guarantee, in any way whatsoever, the validity of the information found here.''' It may recently have been changed, vandalized or altered by someone whose opinion does not correspond with the state of knowledge in the particular area you are interested in learning about. We are working on ways to select and approve more trustable versions of articles, but still without warranty. The closest thing to this that currently exists is the [[Wikipedia:Featured articles]] process, but even the articles listed there may have been mercilessly edited shortly before you view them. ::'''None of the authors, contributors, sponsors, administrators, sysops, or anyone else connected with ''Wikipedia'' in any way whatsoever can be responsible for the appearance of any inaccurate or libelous information or your use of the information contained in or linked from these web pages.''' Please make sure that you understand that the information provided here is being provided free and gratuitously, and that no kind of agreement or contract is created between you and the owners or users of this site, the owners of the servers upon which it is housed, the individual ''Wikipedia'' contributors, any project administrators, sysops or anyone else who is in ''any way connected'' with this project or sister projects subject to your claims against them directly. You are being granted a limited license to copy anything from this site; it does not create or imply any contractual or extracontractual liability on the part of ''Wikipedia'' or any of its agents, members, organizers or other users. Any of the trademarks, service marks, collective marks, design rights, personality rights or similar rights that are mentioned, used or cited in the articles of the Wikipedia encyclopedia are the property of their respective owners. Their use here does not imply that you may use them for any other purpose other than for the same or a similar informational use as contemplated by the original authors of these Wikipedia articles under the GFDL licensing scheme. Unless otherwise stated Wikipedia and Wikimedia sites are neither endorsed nor affiliated with any of the holders of any such rights and as such Wikipedia can not grant any rights to use any otherwise protected materials. ''Your use of any such or similar incorporeal property is at your own risk.'' Please note that that the information found here may be in violation of the laws of the country or jurisdiction from where you are viewing this information. ''Wikipedia'' does not encourage the violation of any laws, but as this information is stored on a server in the State of [[Florida]] in the [[United States of America]], it is being maintained in reference to the protections afforded to all under the [[United States Constitution]]'s [[First Amendment]] and under the principles of the [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] of the [[United Nations]]. The laws in your country may not recognize as broad a protection of free speech as the laws of the United States or the principles under the UN Charter, and as such, ''Wikipedia'' cannot be responsible for any potential violations of such laws should you link to this domain or use any of the information contained herein in anyway whatsoever. :'''<big>If you need specific advice (for example, medical, legal, financial, or risk management) please seek a professional who is licensed or knowledgable in that area.</big>''' Read [[Wikipedia:Risk disclaimer]], [[Wikipedia:Medical disclaimer]], and [[Wikipedia:Legal disclaimer]] for specific disclaimers. :'''<big>Wikipedia is not uniformly peer reviewed; while readers may correct errors or remove erroneous suggestions they have no legal duty to do so and thus all information read here is without any implied warranty of fitness for any purpose or use whatsoever.</big>''' '''No consequential damages can be sought against ''Wikipedia''''', as it is a voluntary association of individuals developed freely to create various open source online educational, cultural and informational resources. '''This information is being given to you gratuitously''' and there is '''no agreement or understanding between you and ''Wikipedia''''' regarding your use or modification of this information beyond the [[GNU Free Documentation License]] neither is anyone at ''Wikipedia'' responsible should someone change, edit, modify or remove any information that you may post on ''Wikipedia'' or any of its associated projects. Thank you for spending the time to read this page, and please enjoy your experience at ''Wikipedia''.  [[en:Wikipedia:General_disclaimer]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:Avís legal]] [[da:Wikipedia:Generelle forbehold]] [[hu:Wikip%C3%A9dia:Jogi_nyilatkozat]] [[no:Wikipedia:Generelle forbehold]] [[tr:Hukuk]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Zrzeczenie się odpowiedzialności]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Allmänt förbehåll]] [[zh:Wikipedia:%E5%85%8D%E8%B4%A3%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E]] 3223 2004-04-23T11:46:28Z Angela 3 remove spam '''General disclaimer''' - [[Wikipedia:Risk disclaimer|Use Wikipedia at your own risk!]] - [[Wikipedia:Medical disclaimer|Wikipedia does not give medical advice]] - [[Wikipedia:Legal disclaimer|Wikipedia does not give legal opinions]] - [[Wikipedia:Content disclaimer|Wikipedia contains spoilers and content you may find objectionable]] <center> WIKIPEDIA MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY </center> '''Wikipedia''' is an online open-content encyclopedia, that is, a voluntary association of individuals and groups who are developing a common resource of human knowledge. Its structure allows any individual with an Internet connection and World Wide Web browser to alter the content found here. Therefore, please be advised that nothing found here has necessarily been reviewed by professionals who are knowledgeable in the particular areas of expertise necessary to provide you with complete, accurate or reliable information about any subject in ''Wikipedia''. That's not to say that you won't find much valuable and accurate information at ''Wikipedia'', however please be advised that '''''Wikipedia'' CANNOT guarantee, in any way whatsoever, the validity of the information found here.''' It may recently have been changed, vandalized or altered by someone whose opinion does not correspond with the state of knowledge in the particular area you are interested in learning about. We are working on ways to select and approve more trustable versions of articles, but still without warranty. The closest thing to this that currently exists is the [[Wikipedia:Featured articles]] process, but even the articles listed there may have been mercilessly edited shortly before you view them. ::'''None of the authors, contributors, sponsors, administrators, sysops, or anyone else connected with ''Wikipedia'' in any way whatsoever can be responsible for the appearance of any inaccurate or libelous information or your use of the information contained in or linked from these web pages.''' Please make sure that you understand that the information provided here is being provided free and gratuitously, and that no kind of agreement or contract is created between you and the owners or users of this site, the owners of the servers upon which it is housed, the individual ''Wikipedia'' contributors, any project administrators, sysops or anyone else who is in ''any way connected'' with this project or sister projects subject to your claims against them directly. 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[[en:Wikipedia:General_disclaimer]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:Avís legal]] [[da:Wikipedia:Generelle forbehold]] [[hu:Wikip%C3%A9dia:Jogi_nyilatkozat]] [[no:Wikipedia:Generelle forbehold]] [[tr:Hukuk]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Zrzeczenie się odpowiedzialności]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Allmänt förbehåll]] [[zh:Wikipedia:%E5%85%8D%E8%B4%A3%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E]] Wikipedia:Gerhard 658 156 2004-05-11T18:29:38Z 213.187.187.6 External links?: [http://gerhard.paducktions.net Gerhard] [http://gerhard.paducktions.net "Miserable Failure"] [http://gerhard.paducktions.net Duesten] 3224 2004-05-12T03:16:05Z Angela 3 remove gerhard spam from 213.187.187.6 MediaWiki:Accesskey-addsection 659 sysop 162 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default + 3225 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default + MediaWiki:Accesskey-anontalk 660 sysop 163 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default n 3226 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default n MediaWiki:Accesskey-anonuserpage 661 sysop 164 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default . 3227 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default . 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MediaWiki:Importtext 719 sysop 414 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Please export the file from the source wiki using the Special:Export utility, save it to your disk and upload it here. 1160 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Please export the file from the source wiki using the Special:Export utility, save it to your disk and upload it here. 1923 2004-12-23T05:41:16Z MediaWiki default Please export the file from the source wiki using the Special:Export utility, save it to your disk and upload it here. 3285 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Please export the file from the source wiki using the Special:Export utility, save it to your disk and upload it here. MediaWiki:Infobox alert 720 sysop 416 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Please enter the text you want to be formatted.\n It will be shown in the infobox for copy and pasting.\nExample:\n$1\nwill become:\n$2 1162 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Please enter the text you want to be formatted.\n It will be shown in the infobox for copy and pasting.\nExample:\n$1\nwill become:\n$2 1926 2004-12-23T05:41:16Z MediaWiki default Please enter the text you want to be formatted.\n It will be shown in the infobox for copy and pasting.\nExample:\n$1\nwill become:\n$2 3286 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Please enter the text you want to be formatted.\n It will be shown in the infobox for copy and pasting.\nExample:\n$1\nwill become:\n$2 MediaWiki:Isbn 721 sysop 428 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default ISBN 1174 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default ISBN 1939 2004-12-23T05:41:18Z MediaWiki default ISBN 3287 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default ISBN MediaWiki:Lastmodifiedby 722 sysop 436 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default This page was last modified $1 by $2. 1182 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default This page was last modified $1 by $2. 1953 2004-12-23T05:41:21Z MediaWiki default This page was last modified $1 by $2. 3288 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default This page was last modified $1 by $2. MediaWiki:Loginreqtext 723 sysop 462 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default You must [[special:Userlogin|login]] to view other pages. 1208 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default You must [[special:Userlogin|login]] to view other pages. 1982 2004-12-23T05:41:26Z MediaWiki default You must [[special:Userlogin|login]] to view other pages. 3289 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default You must [[special:Userlogin|login]] to view other pages. MediaWiki:Loginreqtitle 724 sysop 463 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Login Required 1209 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Login Required 1983 2004-12-23T05:41:26Z MediaWiki default Login Required 3290 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Login Required MediaWiki:Mailerror 725 sysop 472 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Error sending mail: $1 1218 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Error sending mail: $1 1992 2004-12-23T05:41:27Z MediaWiki default Error sending mail: $1 3291 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Error sending mail: $1 MediaWiki:Mainpagedocfooter 726 sysop 477 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Please see [http://meta.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki_i18n documentation on customizing the interface] and the [http://meta.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki_User%27s_Guide User's Guide] for usage and configuration help. 1223 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Please see [http://meta.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki_i18n documentation on customizing the interface] and the [http://meta.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki_User%27s_Guide User's Guide] for usage and configuration help. 1997 2004-12-23T05:41:27Z MediaWiki default Please see [http://meta.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki_i18n documentation on customizing the interface] and the [http://meta.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki_User%27s_Guide User's Guide] for usage and configuration help. 3292 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Please see [http://meta.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki_i18n documentation on customizing the interface] and the [http://meta.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki_User%27s_Guide User's Guide] for usage and configuration help. 4297 2005-09-05T09:54:33Z MediaWiki default Please see [http://meta.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki_i18n documentation on customizing the interface] and the [http://meta.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki_User%27s_Guide User's Guide] for usage and configuration help. 4893 2006-02-26T02:05:31Z MediaWiki default Consult the [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Configuration_settings configuration settings list] and the [http://meta.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki_User%27s_Guide User's Guide] for information on customising and using the wiki software. 4986 2006-03-28T06:33:44Z MediaWiki default Consult the [http://meta.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki_User%27s_Guide User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. == Getting started == * [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Configuration_settings Configuration settings list] * [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * [http://mail.wikipedia.org/mailman/listinfo/mediawiki-announce MediaWiki release mailing list] 5833 2006-07-01T19:07:51Z MediaWiki default Consult the [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software. == Getting started == * [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Configuration_settings Configuration settings list] * [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ] * [http://mail.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/mediawiki-announce MediaWiki release mailing list] MediaWiki:Makesysop 727 sysop 482 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Make a user into a sysop 1228 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Make a user into a sysop 2002 2004-12-23T05:41:28Z MediaWiki default Make a user into a sysop 3293 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Make a user into a sysop MediaWiki:Math bad output 728 sysop 491 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Can't write to or create math output directory 1237 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Can't write to or create math output directory 2018 2004-12-23T05:41:29Z MediaWiki default Can't write to or create math output directory 3294 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Can't write to or create math output directory MediaWiki:Math bad tmpdir 729 sysop 492 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Can't write to or create math temp directory 1238 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Can't write to or create math temp directory 2019 2004-12-23T05:41:29Z MediaWiki default Can't write to or create math temp directory 3295 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Can't write to or create math temp directory MediaWiki:Math notexvc 730 sysop 496 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure. 1242 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure. 2023 2004-12-23T05:41:30Z MediaWiki default Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure. 3296 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure. MediaWiki:Missingimage 731 sysop 511 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Missing image $1 1257 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Missing image $1 2040 2004-12-23T05:41:31Z MediaWiki default Missing image $1 3297 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Missing image $1 4732 2005-12-22T07:39:46Z MediaWiki default Missing image $1 MediaWiki:Move 732 sysop 516 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Move 1262 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Move 2046 2004-12-23T05:41:31Z MediaWiki default Move 3298 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Move MediaWiki:Navigation 733 sysop 530 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Navigation 1276 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Navigation 2066 2004-12-23T05:41:32Z MediaWiki default Navigation 3299 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Navigation MediaWiki:Nocreativecommons 734 sysop 553 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Creative Commons RDF metadata disabled for this server. 1299 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Creative Commons RDF metadata disabled for this server. 2095 2004-12-23T05:41:36Z MediaWiki default Creative Commons RDF metadata disabled for this server. 3300 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Creative Commons RDF metadata disabled for this server. MediaWiki:Nodublincore 735 sysop 555 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Dublin Core RDF metadata disabled for this server. 1301 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Dublin Core RDF metadata disabled for this server. 2098 2004-12-23T05:41:37Z MediaWiki default Dublin Core RDF metadata disabled for this server. 3301 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Dublin Core RDF metadata disabled for this server. MediaWiki:Notacceptable 736 sysop 570 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default The wiki server can't provide data in a format your client can read. 1316 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default The wiki server can't provide data in a format your client can read. 2116 2004-12-23T05:41:39Z MediaWiki default The wiki server can't provide data in a format your client can read. 3302 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default The wiki server can't provide data in a format your client can read. MediaWiki:Nstab-category 737 sysop 581 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Category 1327 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Category 2129 2004-12-23T05:41:40Z MediaWiki default Category 3303 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Category MediaWiki:Nstab-help 738 sysop 582 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Help 1328 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Help 2130 2004-12-23T05:41:40Z MediaWiki default Help 3304 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Help MediaWiki:Nstab-image 739 sysop 583 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Image 1329 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Image 2131 2004-12-23T05:41:40Z MediaWiki default Image 3305 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Image 4034 2005-07-03T13:47:13Z MediaWiki default File MediaWiki:Nstab-main 740 sysop 584 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Article 1330 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Article 2132 2004-12-23T05:41:40Z MediaWiki default Article 3306 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Article MediaWiki:Nstab-media 741 sysop 585 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Media 1331 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Media 2133 2004-12-23T05:41:40Z MediaWiki default Media 3307 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Media 4206 2005-07-29T11:09:17Z MediaWiki default Media page MediaWiki:Nstab-mediawiki 742 sysop 586 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Message 1332 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Message 2134 2004-12-23T05:41:41Z MediaWiki default Message 3308 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Message MediaWiki:Nstab-special 743 sysop 587 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Special 1333 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Special 2135 2004-12-23T05:41:41Z MediaWiki default Special 3309 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Special MediaWiki:Nstab-template 744 sysop 588 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Template 1334 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Template 2136 2004-12-23T05:41:41Z MediaWiki default Template 3310 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Template MediaWiki:Nstab-user 745 sysop 589 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default User page 1335 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default User page 2137 2004-12-23T05:41:41Z MediaWiki default User page 3311 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default User page MediaWiki:Nstab-wp 746 sysop 590 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default About 1336 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default About 2138 2004-12-23T05:41:41Z MediaWiki default About 3312 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default About 4207 2005-07-29T11:09:17Z MediaWiki default Project page MediaWiki:Othercontribs 747 sysop 596 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Based on work by $1. 1342 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Based on work by $1. 2151 2004-12-23T05:41:41Z MediaWiki default Based on work by $1. 3313 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Based on work by $1. MediaWiki:Pagetitle 748 sysop 600 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default $1 - MediaWiki 1346 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default $1 - Wikipedia 2156 2004-12-23T05:41:42Z MediaWiki default $1 - {{SITENAME}} 3314 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default $1 - {{SITENAME}} MediaWiki:Perfcached 749 sysop 604 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default The following data is cached and may not be completely up to date: 1350 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default The following data is cached and may not be completely up to date: 2160 2004-12-23T05:41:42Z MediaWiki default The following data is cached and may not be completely up to date: 3315 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default The following data is cached and may not be completely up to date: 5851 2006-07-01T19:07:51Z MediaWiki default The following data is cached and may not be up to date. MediaWiki:Personaltools 750 sysop 607 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Personal tools 1353 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Personal tools 2163 2004-12-23T05:41:43Z MediaWiki default Personal tools 3316 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Personal tools MediaWiki:Portal 751 sysop 609 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Community portal 1355 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Community portal 2165 2004-12-23T05:41:43Z MediaWiki default Community portal 3317 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Community portal MediaWiki:Portal-url 752 sysop 610 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia:Community Portal 1356 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia:Community Portal 2166 2004-12-23T05:41:43Z MediaWiki default Project:Community Portal 3318 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Project:Community Portal MediaWiki:Poweredby 753 sysop 612 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default MediaWiki is powered by [http://www.mediawiki.org/ MediaWiki], an open source wiki engine. 1358 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia is powered by [http://www.mediawiki.org/ MediaWiki], an open source wiki engine. 2168 2004-12-23T05:41:43Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} is powered by [http://www.mediawiki.org/ MediaWiki], an open source wiki engine. 3319 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} is powered by [http://www.mediawiki.org/ MediaWiki], an open source wiki engine. MediaWiki:Prefs-help-userdata 754 sysop 616 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default * Real name (optional): if you choose to provide it this will be used for giving you attribution for your work. * Email (optional): Enables people to contact you through the website without you having to reveal your email address to them, and it can be used to send you a new password if you forget it. 1362 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default * Real name (optional): if you choose to provide it this will be used for giving you attribution for your work. * Email (optional): Enables people to contact you through the website without you having to reveal your email address to them, and it can be used to send you a new password if you forget it. 2172 2004-12-23T05:41:45Z MediaWiki default * Real name (optional): if you choose to provide it this will be used for giving you attribution for your work. * Email (optional): Enables people to contact you through the website without you having to reveal your email address to them, and it can be used to send you a new password if you forget it. 3320 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default * Real name (optional): if you choose to provide it this will be used for giving you attribution for your work. * Email (optional): Enables people to contact you through the website without you having to reveal your email address to them, and it can be used to send you a new password if you forget it. MediaWiki:Prefs-misc 755 sysop 617 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Misc settings 1363 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Misc settings 2173 2004-12-23T05:41:45Z MediaWiki default Misc settings 3321 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Misc settings 4041 2005-07-03T13:47:13Z MediaWiki default Misc MediaWiki:Prefs-personal 756 sysop 618 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default User data 1364 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default User data 2174 2004-12-23T05:41:45Z MediaWiki default User data 3322 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default User data 4545 2005-11-09T23:10:58Z MediaWiki default User profile MediaWiki:Prefs-rc 757 sysop 619 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Recent changes and stub display 1365 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Recent changes and stub display 2175 2004-12-23T05:41:45Z MediaWiki default Recent changes and stub display 3323 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Recent changes and stub display 4042 2005-07-03T13:47:14Z MediaWiki default Recent changes & stubs 4546 2005-11-09T23:10:58Z MediaWiki default Recent changes MediaWiki:Protect 758 sysop 630 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Protect 1376 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Protect 2188 2004-12-23T05:41:46Z MediaWiki default Protect 3324 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Protect MediaWiki:Protectcomment 759 sysop 631 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Reason for protecting 1377 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Reason for protecting 2189 2004-12-23T05:41:46Z MediaWiki default Reason for protecting 3325 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Reason for protecting MediaWiki:Protectreason 760 sysop 639 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default (give a reason) 1385 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default (give a reason) 2198 2004-12-23T05:41:48Z MediaWiki default (give a reason) 3326 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default (give a reason) MediaWiki:Protectsub 761 sysop 640 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default (Protecting "$1") 1386 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default (Protecting "$1") 2199 2004-12-23T05:41:48Z MediaWiki default (Protecting "$1") 3327 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default (Protecting "$1") MediaWiki:Proxyblocker 762 sysop 642 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Proxy blocker 1388 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Proxy blocker 2201 2004-12-23T05:41:48Z MediaWiki default Proxy blocker 3328 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Proxy blocker MediaWiki:Proxyblockreason 763 sysop 643 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Your IP address has been blocked because it is an open proxy. Please contact your Internet service provider or tech support and inform them of this serious security problem. 1389 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Your IP address has been blocked because it is an open proxy. Please contact your Internet service provider or tech support and inform them of this serious security problem. 2202 2004-12-23T05:41:48Z MediaWiki default Your IP address has been blocked because it is an open proxy. Please contact your Internet service provider or tech support and inform them of this serious security problem. 3329 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Your IP address has been blocked because it is an open proxy. Please contact your Internet service provider or tech support and inform them of this serious security problem. MediaWiki:Proxyblocksuccess 764 sysop 644 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Done. 1390 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Done. 2203 2004-12-23T05:41:48Z MediaWiki default Done. 3330 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Done. 4742 2005-12-22T07:39:46Z MediaWiki default Done. MediaWiki:Rfcurl 765 sysop 693 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc$1.html 1439 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc$1.html 2259 2004-12-23T05:41:57Z MediaWiki default http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc$1.html 3331 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc$1.html 4215 2005-07-29T11:09:18Z MediaWiki default http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc$1.txt MediaWiki:Rights 766 sysop 694 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Rights: 1440 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Rights: 2260 2004-12-23T05:41:57Z MediaWiki default Rights: 3332 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Rights: MediaWiki:Rollback short 767 sysop 696 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Rollback 1442 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Rollback 2262 2004-12-23T05:41:57Z MediaWiki default Rollback 3333 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Rollback MediaWiki:Selectnewerversionfordiff 768 sysop 713 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Select a newer version for comparison 1456 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Select a newer version for comparison 2280 2004-12-23T05:41:58Z MediaWiki default Select a newer version for comparison 3334 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Select a newer version for comparison MediaWiki:Selectolderversionfordiff 769 sysop 714 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Select an older version for comparison 1457 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Select an older version for comparison 2281 2004-12-23T05:41:58Z MediaWiki default Select an older version for comparison 3335 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Select an older version for comparison MediaWiki:Seriousxhtmlerrors 770 sysop 718 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default There were serious xhtml markup errors detected by tidy. 1461 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default There were serious xhtml markup errors detected by tidy. 2287 2004-12-23T05:41:58Z MediaWiki default There were serious xhtml markup errors detected by tidy. 3336 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default There were serious xhtml markup errors detected by tidy. MediaWiki:Set rights fail 771 sysop 720 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default User rights for "$1" could not be set. (Did you enter the name correctly?) 1463 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default User rights for "$1" could not be set. (Did you enter the name correctly?) 2289 2004-12-23T05:41:58Z MediaWiki default User rights for "$1" could not be set. (Did you enter the name correctly?) 3337 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default User rights for "$1" could not be set. (Did you enter the name correctly?) MediaWiki:Set user rights 772 sysop 721 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Set user rights 1464 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Set user rights 2290 2004-12-23T05:41:58Z MediaWiki default Set user rights 3338 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Set user rights MediaWiki:Siteuser 773 sysop 737 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default MediaWiki user $1 1480 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia user $1 2344 2004-12-23T05:42:02Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia user $1 3339 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia user $1 4220 2005-07-29T11:09:18Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} user $1 MediaWiki:Siteusers 774 sysop 738 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default MediaWiki user(s) $1 1481 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia user(s) $1 2345 2004-12-23T05:42:02Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia user(s) $1 3340 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia user(s) $1 4221 2005-07-29T11:09:18Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} user(s) $1 MediaWiki:Specialpage 775 sysop 740 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Special Page 1483 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Special Page 2352 2004-12-23T05:42:03Z MediaWiki default Special Page 3341 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Special Page MediaWiki:Talk 776 sysop 757 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Discussion 1499 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Discussion 2372 2004-12-23T05:42:06Z MediaWiki default Discussion 3342 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Discussion MediaWiki:Talkpagetext 777 sysop 762 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default  1504 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default  2377 2004-12-23T05:42:08Z MediaWiki default  3343 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default  MediaWiki:Toolbox 778 sysop 771 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Toolbox 1513 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Toolbox 2408 2004-12-23T05:42:10Z MediaWiki default Toolbox 3344 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Toolbox MediaWiki:Tooltip-addsection 779 sysop 772 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Add a comment to this page. [alt-+] 3345 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Add a comment to this page. [alt-+] MediaWiki:Tooltip-anontalk 780 sysop 773 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Discussion about edits from this ip address [alt-n] 3346 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Discussion about edits from this ip address [alt-n] MediaWiki:Tooltip-anonuserpage 781 sysop 774 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default The user page for the ip you're editing as [alt-.] 3347 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default The user page for the ip you're editing as [alt-.] MediaWiki:Tooltip-article 782 sysop 775 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default View the article [alt-a] 3348 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default View the content page [alt-a] MediaWiki:Tooltip-atom 783 sysop 776 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Atom feed for this page 3349 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Atom feed for this page MediaWiki:Tooltip-compareselectedversions 784 sysop 777 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default See the differences between the two selected versions of this page. [alt-v] 1514 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default See the differences between the two selected versions of this page. [alt-v] 2409 2004-12-23T05:42:11Z MediaWiki default See the differences between the two selected versions of this page. [alt-v] 3350 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default See the differences between the two selected versions of this page. [alt-v] MediaWiki:Tooltip-contributions 785 sysop 778 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default View the list of contributions of this user 3351 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default View the list of contributions of this user MediaWiki:Tooltip-currentevents 786 sysop 779 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Find background information on current events 3352 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Find background information on current events MediaWiki:Tooltip-delete 787 sysop 780 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Delete this page [alt-d] 3353 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Delete this page [alt-d] MediaWiki:Tooltip-edit 788 sysop 781 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default You can edit this page. Please use the preview button before saving. [alt-e] 3354 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default You can edit this page. Please use the preview button before saving. [alt-e] MediaWiki:Tooltip-emailuser 789 sysop 782 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Send a mail to this user 3355 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Send a mail to this user MediaWiki:Tooltip-help 790 sysop 783 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default The place to find out. 3356 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default The place to find out. MediaWiki:Tooltip-history 791 sysop 784 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Past versions of this page, [alt-h] 3357 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Past versions of this page, [alt-h] MediaWiki:Tooltip-login 792 sysop 785 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however. [alt-o] 3358 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however. [alt-o] MediaWiki:Tooltip-logout 793 sysop 786 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Log out [alt-o] 3359 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Log out [alt-o] MediaWiki:Tooltip-mainpage 794 sysop 787 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Visit the Main Page [alt-z] 3360 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Visit the Main Page [alt-z] MediaWiki:Tooltip-minoredit 795 sysop 788 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Mark this as a minor edit [alt-i] 1515 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Mark this as a minor edit [alt-i] 2410 2004-12-23T05:42:11Z MediaWiki default Mark this as a minor edit [alt-i] 3361 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Mark this as a minor edit [alt-i] MediaWiki:Tooltip-move 796 sysop 789 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Move this page [alt-m] 3362 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Move this page [alt-m] MediaWiki:Tooltip-mycontris 797 sysop 790 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default List of my contributions [alt-y] 3363 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default List of my contributions [alt-y] MediaWiki:Tooltip-mytalk 798 sysop 791 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default My talk page [alt-n] 3364 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default My talk page [alt-n] MediaWiki:Tooltip-nomove 799 sysop 792 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default You don't have the permissions to move this page 3365 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default You don't have the permissions to move this page MediaWiki:Tooltip-portal 800 sysop 793 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default About the project, what you can do, where to find things 3366 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default About the project, what you can do, where to find things MediaWiki:Tooltip-preferences 801 sysop 794 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default My preferences 3367 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default My preferences MediaWiki:Tooltip-preview 802 sysop 795 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Preview your changes, please use this before saving! [alt-p] 1516 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Preview your changes, please use this before saving! [alt-p] 2411 2004-12-23T05:42:11Z MediaWiki default Preview your changes, please use this before saving! [alt-p] 3368 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Preview your changes, please use this before saving! [alt-p] MediaWiki:Tooltip-protect 803 sysop 796 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Protect this page [alt-=] 3369 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Protect this page [alt-=] MediaWiki:Tooltip-randompage 804 sysop 797 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Load a random page [alt-x] 3370 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Load a random page [alt-x] MediaWiki:Tooltip-recentchanges 805 sysop 798 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default The list of recent changes in the wiki. [alt-r] 3371 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default The list of recent changes in the wiki. [alt-r] MediaWiki:Tooltip-recentchangeslinked 806 sysop 799 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Recent changes in pages linking to this page [alt-c] 3372 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Recent changes in pages linking to this page [alt-c] MediaWiki:Tooltip-rss 807 sysop 800 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default RSS feed for this page 3373 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default RSS feed for this page MediaWiki:Tooltip-save 808 sysop 801 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Save you changes [alt-s] 1517 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Save you changes [alt-s] 2412 2004-12-23T05:42:12Z MediaWiki default Save your changes [alt-s] 3374 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Save your changes [alt-s] MediaWiki:Tooltip-search 809 sysop 802 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Search this wiki [alt-f] 1518 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Search this wiki [alt-f] 2413 2004-12-23T05:42:12Z MediaWiki default Search this wiki [alt-f] 3375 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Search this wiki [alt-f] 4226 2005-07-29T11:09:19Z MediaWiki default Search {{SITENAME}} [alt-f] MediaWiki:Tooltip-sitesupport 810 sysop 803 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Support MediaWiki 3376 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Support Wikipedia MediaWiki:Tooltip-specialpage 811 sysop 804 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default This is a special page, you can't edit the page itself. 3377 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default This is a special page, you can't edit the page itself. MediaWiki:Tooltip-specialpages 812 sysop 805 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default List of all special pages [alt-q] 3378 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default List of all special pages [alt-q] MediaWiki:Tooltip-talk 813 sysop 806 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Discussion about the article [alt-t] 3379 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Discussion about the content page [alt-t] MediaWiki:Tooltip-undelete 814 sysop 807 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Restore $1 deleted edits to this page [alt-d] 3380 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Restore $1 deleted edits to this page [alt-d] MediaWiki:Tooltip-unwatch 815 sysop 808 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Remove this page from your watchlist [alt-w] 3381 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Remove this page from your watchlist [alt-w] MediaWiki:Tooltip-upload 816 sysop 809 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Upload images or media files [alt-u] 3382 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Upload images or media files [alt-u] MediaWiki:Tooltip-userpage 817 sysop 810 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default My user page [alt-.] 3383 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default My user page [alt-.] MediaWiki:Tooltip-viewsource 818 sysop 811 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default This page is protected. You can view it's source. [alt-e] 3384 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default This page is protected. You can view it's source. [alt-e] MediaWiki:Tooltip-watch 819 sysop 812 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Add this page to your watchlist [alt-w] 2414 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Add this page to your watchlist [alt-w] 3385 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Add this page to your watchlist [alt-w] MediaWiki:Tooltip-watchlist 820 sysop 813 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default The list of pages you're monitoring for changes. [alt-l] 3386 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default The list of pages you're monitoring for changes. [alt-l] MediaWiki:Tooltip-whatlinkshere 821 sysop 814 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default List of all wiki pages that link here [alt-b] 3387 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default List of all wiki pages that link here [alt-b] MediaWiki:Undelete short 822 sysop 823 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Undelete 1527 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Undelete 2426 2004-12-23T05:42:15Z MediaWiki default Undelete $1 edits 3388 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Undelete $1 edits 5897 2006-07-01T19:07:52Z MediaWiki default Undelete {{PLURAL:$1|one edit|$1 edits}} MediaWiki:Unprotect 823 sysop 840 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Unprotect 1544 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Unprotect 2444 2004-12-23T05:42:18Z MediaWiki default Unprotect 3389 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Unprotect 4237 2005-07-29T11:09:19Z MediaWiki default unprotect MediaWiki:Unprotectcomment 824 sysop 841 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Reason for unprotecting 1545 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Reason for unprotecting 2445 2004-12-23T05:42:18Z MediaWiki default Reason for unprotecting 3390 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Reason for unprotecting MediaWiki:Unprotectsub 825 sysop 843 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default (Unprotecting "$1") 1547 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default (Unprotecting "$1") 2447 2004-12-23T05:42:18Z MediaWiki default (Unprotecting "$1") 3391 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default (Unprotecting "$1") MediaWiki:Unwatch 826 sysop 847 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Unwatch 1551 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Unwatch 2451 2004-12-23T05:42:19Z MediaWiki default Unwatch 3392 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Unwatch MediaWiki:User rights set 827 sysop 865 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default User rights for "$1" updated 1569 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default User rights for "$1" updated 2471 2004-12-23T05:42:20Z MediaWiki default User rights for "$1" updated 3393 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default User rights for "$1" updated MediaWiki:Usercssjs 828 sysop 866 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default '''Note:''' After saving, you have to tell your bowser to get the new version: '''Mozilla:''' click ''reload''(or ''ctrl-r''), '''IE / Opera:''' ''ctrl-f5'', '''Safari:''' ''cmd-r'', '''Konqueror''' ''ctrl-r''. 3394 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default '''Note:''' After saving, you have to tell your bowser to get the new version: '''Mozilla:''' click ''reload''(or ''ctrl-r''), '''IE / Opera:''' ''ctrl-f5'', '''Safari:''' ''cmd-r'', '''Konqueror''' ''ctrl-r''. MediaWiki:Usercssjsyoucanpreview 829 sysop 867 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Tip: Use the 'Show preview' button to test your new css/js before saving. 1570 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Tip: Use the 'Show preview' button to test your new css/js before saving. 2472 2004-12-23T05:42:21Z MediaWiki default Tip: Use the 'Show preview' button to test your new CSS/JS before saving. 3395 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Tip: Use the 'Show preview' button to test your new CSS/JS before saving. MediaWiki:Usercsspreview 830 sysop 868 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default '''Remember that you are only previewing your user css, it has not yet been saved!''' 1571 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default '''Remember that you are only previewing your user css, it has not yet been saved!''' 2473 2004-12-23T05:42:21Z MediaWiki default '''Remember that you are only previewing your user CSS, it has not yet been saved!''' 3396 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default '''Remember that you are only previewing your user CSS, it has not yet been saved!''' MediaWiki:Userjspreview 831 sysop 870 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default '''Remember that you are only testing/previewing your user javascript, it has not yet been saved!''' 1573 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default '''Remember that you are only testing/previewing your user javascript, it has not yet been saved!''' 2475 2004-12-23T05:42:22Z MediaWiki default '''Remember that you are only testing/previewing your user JavaScript, it has not yet been saved!''' 3397 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default '''Remember that you are only testing/previewing your user JavaScript, it has not yet been saved!''' MediaWiki:Usermailererror 832 sysop 873 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Mail object returned error: 1576 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Mail object returned error: 2491 2004-12-23T05:42:24Z MediaWiki default Mail object returned error: 3398 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Mail object returned error: 4925 2006-02-26T02:05:32Z MediaWiki default Mail object returned error: MediaWiki:Watch 833 sysop 883 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Watch 1586 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Watch 2529 2004-12-23T05:42:25Z MediaWiki default Watch 3399 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Watch MediaWiki:Yourrealname 834 sysop 917 2004-05-28T16:13:02Z MediaWiki default Your real name* 1620 2004-06-02T10:08:18Z MediaWiki default Your real name* 2565 2004-12-23T05:42:30Z MediaWiki default Your real name* 3400 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Your real name* 4162 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default Real name¹ 4248 2005-07-29T11:09:19Z MediaWiki default Real name * Template:All system messages 835 919 2004-05-28T16:14:29Z MediaWiki default MSG: <table border=1 width=100%><tr><td> '''Name''' </td><td> '''Default text''' </td><td> '''Current text''' </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:1movedto2&action=edit 1movedto2] [[MediaWiki_talk:1movedto2|Talk]] </td><td> $1 moved to $2 </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:About&action=edit about] [[MediaWiki_talk:About|Talk]] </td><td> About </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Aboutpage&action=edit aboutpage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Aboutpage|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia:About </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Aboutwikipedia&action=edit aboutwikipedia] [[MediaWiki_talk:Aboutwikipedia|Talk]] </td><td> About MediaWiki </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-addsection&action=edit accesskey-addsection] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-addsection|Talk]] </td><td> + </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-anontalk&action=edit accesskey-anontalk] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-anontalk|Talk]] </td><td> n </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-anonuserpage&action=edit accesskey-anonuserpage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-anonuserpage|Talk]] </td><td> . </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-article&action=edit accesskey-article] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-article|Talk]] </td><td> a </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-compareselectedversions&action=edit accesskey-compareselectedversions] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-compareselectedversions|Talk]] </td><td> v </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-contributions&action=edit accesskey-contributions] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-contributions|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;accesskey-contributions&gt; </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-currentevents&action=edit accesskey-currentevents] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-currentevents|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;accesskey-currentevents&gt; </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-delete&action=edit accesskey-delete] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-delete|Talk]] </td><td> d </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-edit&action=edit accesskey-edit] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-edit|Talk]] </td><td> e </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-emailuser&action=edit accesskey-emailuser] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-emailuser|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;accesskey-emailuser&gt; </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-help&action=edit accesskey-help] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-help|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;accesskey-help&gt; </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-history&action=edit accesskey-history] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-history|Talk]] </td><td> h </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-login&action=edit accesskey-login] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-login|Talk]] </td><td> o </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-logout&action=edit accesskey-logout] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-logout|Talk]] </td><td> o </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-mainpage&action=edit accesskey-mainpage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-mainpage|Talk]] </td><td> z </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-minoredit&action=edit accesskey-minoredit] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-minoredit|Talk]] </td><td> i </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-move&action=edit accesskey-move] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-move|Talk]] </td><td> m </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-mycontris&action=edit accesskey-mycontris] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-mycontris|Talk]] </td><td> y </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-mytalk&action=edit accesskey-mytalk] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-mytalk|Talk]] </td><td> n </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-portal&action=edit accesskey-portal] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-portal|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;accesskey-portal&gt; </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-preferences&action=edit accesskey-preferences] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-preferences|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;accesskey-preferences&gt; </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-preview&action=edit accesskey-preview] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-preview|Talk]] </td><td> p </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-protect&action=edit accesskey-protect] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-protect|Talk]] </td><td> = </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-randompage&action=edit accesskey-randompage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-randompage|Talk]] </td><td> x </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-recentchanges&action=edit accesskey-recentchanges] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-recentchanges|Talk]] </td><td> r </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-recentchangeslinked&action=edit accesskey-recentchangeslinked] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-recentchangeslinked|Talk]] </td><td> c </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-save&action=edit accesskey-save] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-save|Talk]] </td><td> s </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-search&action=edit accesskey-search] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-search|Talk]] </td><td> f </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-sitesupport&action=edit accesskey-sitesupport] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-sitesupport|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;accesskey-sitesupport&gt; </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-specialpage&action=edit accesskey-specialpage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-specialpage|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;accesskey-specialpage&gt; </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-specialpages&action=edit accesskey-specialpages] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-specialpages|Talk]] </td><td> q </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-talk&action=edit accesskey-talk] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-talk|Talk]] </td><td> t </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-undelete&action=edit accesskey-undelete] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-undelete|Talk]] </td><td> d </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-unwatch&action=edit accesskey-unwatch] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-unwatch|Talk]] </td><td> w </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-upload&action=edit accesskey-upload] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-upload|Talk]] </td><td> u </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-userpage&action=edit accesskey-userpage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-userpage|Talk]] </td><td> . </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-viewsource&action=edit accesskey-viewsource] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-viewsource|Talk]] </td><td> e </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-watch&action=edit accesskey-watch] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-watch|Talk]] </td><td> w </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-watchlist&action=edit accesskey-watchlist] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-watchlist|Talk]] </td><td> l </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-whatlinkshere&action=edit accesskey-whatlinkshere] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-whatlinkshere|Talk]] </td><td> b </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accmailtext&action=edit accmailtext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accmailtext|Talk]] </td><td> The Password for '$1' has been sent to $2. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accmailtitle&action=edit accmailtitle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accmailtitle|Talk]] </td><td> Password sent. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Actioncomplete&action=edit actioncomplete] [[MediaWiki_talk:Actioncomplete|Talk]] </td><td> Action complete </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Addedwatch&action=edit addedwatch] [[MediaWiki_talk:Addedwatch|Talk]] </td><td> Added to watchlist </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Addedwatchtext&action=edit addedwatchtext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Addedwatchtext|Talk]] </td><td> The page "$1" has been added to your [[Special:Watchlist|watchlist]]. Future changes to this page and its associated Talk page will be listed there, and the page will appear '''bolded''' in the [[Special:Recentchanges|list of recent changes]] to make it easier to pick out. If you want to remove the page from your watchlist later, click "Stop watching" in the sidebar. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Addsection&action=edit addsection] [[MediaWiki_talk:Addsection|Talk]] </td><td> + </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Administrators&action=edit administrators] [[MediaWiki_talk:Administrators|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia:Administrators </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Affirmation&action=edit affirmation] [[MediaWiki_talk:Affirmation|Talk]] </td><td> I affirm that the copyright holder of this file agrees to license it under the terms of the $1. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:All&action=edit all] [[MediaWiki_talk:All|Talk]] </td><td> all </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Allmessages&action=edit allmessages] [[MediaWiki_talk:Allmessages|Talk]] </td><td> All system messages </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Allmessagestext&action=edit allmessagestext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Allmessagestext|Talk]] </td><td> This is a list of all system messages available in the MediaWiki: namespace. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Allpages&action=edit allpages] [[MediaWiki_talk:Allpages|Talk]] </td><td> All pages </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Alphaindexline&action=edit alphaindexline] [[MediaWiki_talk:Alphaindexline|Talk]] </td><td> $1 to $2 </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Alreadyloggedin&action=edit alreadyloggedin] [[MediaWiki_talk:Alreadyloggedin|Talk]] </td><td> User $1, you are already logged in! </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Alreadyrolled&action=edit alreadyrolled] [[MediaWiki_talk:Alreadyrolled|Talk]] </td><td> Cannot rollback last edit of [[$1]] by [[User:$2|$2]] ([[User talk:$2|Talk]]); someone else has edited or rolled back the article already. Last edit was by [[User:$3|$3]] ([[User talk:$3|Talk]]). </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ancientpages&action=edit ancientpages] [[MediaWiki_talk:Ancientpages|Talk]] </td><td> Oldest articles </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:And&action=edit and] [[MediaWiki_talk:And|Talk]] </td><td> and </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Anontalk&action=edit anontalk] [[MediaWiki_talk:Anontalk|Talk]] </td><td> Talk for this IP </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Anontalkpagetext&action=edit anontalkpagetext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Anontalkpagetext|Talk]] </td><td> ----''This is the discussion page for an anonymous user who has not created an account yet or who does not use it. We therefore have to use the numerical [[IP address]] to identify him/her. Such an IP address can be shared by several users. If you are an anonymous user and feel that irrelevant comments have been directed at you, please [[Special:Userlogin|create an account or log in]] to avoid future confusion with other anonymous users.'' </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Anonymous&action=edit anonymous] [[MediaWiki_talk:Anonymous|Talk]] </td><td> Anonymous user(s) of MediaWiki </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Article&action=edit article] [[MediaWiki_talk:Article|Talk]] </td><td> Article </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Articleexists&action=edit articleexists] [[MediaWiki_talk:Articleexists|Talk]] </td><td> A page of that name already exists, or the name you have chosen is not valid. Please choose another name. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Articlepage&action=edit articlepage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Articlepage|Talk]] </td><td> View article </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Asksql&action=edit asksql] [[MediaWiki_talk:Asksql|Talk]] </td><td> SQL query </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Asksqltext&action=edit asksqltext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Asksqltext|Talk]] </td><td> Use the form below to make a direct query of the database. Use single quotes ('like this') to delimit string literals. This can often add considerable load to the server, so please use this function sparingly. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Autoblocker&action=edit autoblocker] [[MediaWiki_talk:Autoblocker|Talk]] </td><td> Autoblocked because you share an IP address with "$1". Reason "$2". </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badarticleerror&action=edit badarticleerror] [[MediaWiki_talk:Badarticleerror|Talk]] </td><td> This action cannot be performed on this page. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badfilename&action=edit badfilename] [[MediaWiki_talk:Badfilename|Talk]] </td><td> Image name has been changed to "$1". </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badfiletype&action=edit badfiletype] [[MediaWiki_talk:Badfiletype|Talk]] </td><td> ".$1" is not a recommended image file format. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badipaddress&action=edit badipaddress] [[MediaWiki_talk:Badipaddress|Talk]] </td><td> Invalid IP address </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badquery&action=edit badquery] [[MediaWiki_talk:Badquery|Talk]] </td><td> Badly formed search query </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badquerytext&action=edit badquerytext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Badquerytext|Talk]] </td><td> We could not process your query. This is probably because you have attempted to search for a word fewer than three letters long, which is not yet supported. It could also be that you have mistyped the expression, for example "fish and and scales". Please try another query. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badretype&action=edit badretype] [[MediaWiki_talk:Badretype|Talk]] </td><td> The passwords you entered do not match. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badtitle&action=edit badtitle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Badtitle|Talk]] </td><td> Bad title </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badtitletext&action=edit badtitletext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Badtitletext|Talk]] </td><td> The requested page title was invalid, empty, or an incorrectly linked inter-language or inter-wiki title. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blanknamespace&action=edit blanknamespace] [[MediaWiki_talk:Blanknamespace|Talk]] </td><td> (Main) </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockedtext&action=edit blockedtext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Blockedtext|Talk]] </td><td> Your user name or IP address has been blocked by $1. The reason given is this: ''$2''You may contact $1 or one of the other [[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrators]] to discuss the block. Note that you may not use the "email this user" feature unless you have a valid email address registered in your [[Special:Preferences|user preferences]]. Your IP address is $3. Please include this address in any queries you make. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockedtitle&action=edit blockedtitle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Blockedtitle|Talk]] </td><td> User is blocked </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockip&action=edit blockip] [[MediaWiki_talk:Blockip|Talk]] </td><td> Block user </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockipsuccesssub&action=edit blockipsuccesssub] [[MediaWiki_talk:Blockipsuccesssub|Talk]] </td><td> Block succeeded </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockipsuccesstext&action=edit blockipsuccesstext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Blockipsuccesstext|Talk]] </td><td> "$1" has been blocked. See [[Special:Ipblocklist|IP block list]] to review blocks. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockiptext&action=edit blockiptext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Blockiptext|Talk]] </td><td> Use the form below to block write access from a specific IP address or username. This should be done only only to prevent vandalism, and in accordance with [[Wikipedia:Policy|policy]]. Fill in a specific reason below (for example, citing particular pages that were vandalized). </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklink&action=edit blocklink] [[MediaWiki_talk:Blocklink|Talk]] </td><td> block </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklistline&action=edit blocklistline] [[MediaWiki_talk:Blocklistline|Talk]] </td><td> $1, $2 blocked $3 (expires $4) </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklogentry&action=edit blocklogentry] [[MediaWiki_talk:Blocklogentry|Talk]] </td><td> blocked "$1" with an expiry time of $2 </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklogpage&action=edit blocklogpage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Blocklogpage|Talk]] </td><td> Block_log </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklogtext&action=edit blocklogtext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Blocklogtext|Talk]] </td><td> This is a log of user blocking and unblocking actions. Automatically blocked IP addresses are not be listed. See the [[Special:Ipblocklist|IP block list]] for the list of currently operational bans and blocks. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bold_sample&action=edit bold_sample] [[MediaWiki_talk:Bold_sample|Talk]] </td><td> Bold text </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bold_tip&action=edit bold_tip] [[MediaWiki_talk:Bold_tip|Talk]] </td><td> Bold text </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Booksources&action=edit booksources] [[MediaWiki_talk:Booksources|Talk]] </td><td> Book sources </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Booksourcetext&action=edit booksourcetext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Booksourcetext|Talk]] </td><td> Below is a list of links to other sites that sell new and used books, and may also have further information about books you are looking for.MediaWiki is not affiliated with any of these businesses, and this list should not be construed as an endorsement. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Brokenredirects&action=edit brokenredirects] [[MediaWiki_talk:Brokenredirects|Talk]] </td><td> Broken Redirects </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Brokenredirectstext&action=edit brokenredirectstext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Brokenredirectstext|Talk]] </td><td> The following redirects link to a non-existing article. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bugreports&action=edit bugreports] [[MediaWiki_talk:Bugreports|Talk]] </td><td> Bug reports </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bugreportspage&action=edit bugreportspage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Bugreportspage|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia:Bug_reports </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bureaucratlog&action=edit bureaucratlog] [[MediaWiki_talk:Bureaucratlog|Talk]] </td><td> Bureaucrat_log </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bureaucratlogentry&action=edit bureaucratlogentry] [[MediaWiki_talk:Bureaucratlogentry|Talk]] </td><td> Rights for user "$1" set "$2" </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bureaucrattext&action=edit bureaucrattext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Bureaucrattext|Talk]] </td><td> The action you have requested can only be performed by sysops with "bureaucrat" status. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bureaucrattitle&action=edit bureaucrattitle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Bureaucrattitle|Talk]] </td><td> Bureaucrat access required </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bydate&action=edit bydate] [[MediaWiki_talk:Bydate|Talk]] </td><td> by date </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Byname&action=edit byname] [[MediaWiki_talk:Byname|Talk]] </td><td> by name </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bysize&action=edit bysize] [[MediaWiki_talk:Bysize|Talk]] </td><td> by size </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cachederror&action=edit cachederror] [[MediaWiki_talk:Cachederror|Talk]] </td><td> The following is a cached copy of the requested page, and may not be up to date. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cancel&action=edit cancel] [[MediaWiki_talk:Cancel|Talk]] </td><td> Cancel </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cannotdelete&action=edit cannotdelete] [[MediaWiki_talk:Cannotdelete|Talk]] </td><td> Could not delete the page or image specified. (It may have already been deleted by someone else.) </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cantrollback&action=edit cantrollback] [[MediaWiki_talk:Cantrollback|Talk]] </td><td> Cannot revert edit; last contributor is only author of this article. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Categories&action=edit categories] [[MediaWiki_talk:Categories|Talk]] </td><td> Categories </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Category&action=edit category] [[MediaWiki_talk:Category|Talk]] </td><td> category </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Category_header&action=edit category_header] [[MediaWiki_talk:Category_header|Talk]] </td><td> Articles in category "$1" </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Changepassword&action=edit changepassword] [[MediaWiki_talk:Changepassword|Talk]] </td><td> Change password </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Changes&action=edit changes] [[MediaWiki_talk:Changes|Talk]] </td><td> changes </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Columns&action=edit columns] [[MediaWiki_talk:Columns|Talk]] </td><td> Columns </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Commentedit&action=edit commentedit] [[MediaWiki_talk:Commentedit|Talk]] </td><td> (comment) </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Compareselectedversions&action=edit compareselectedversions] [[MediaWiki_talk:Compareselectedversions|Talk]] </td><td> Compare selected versions </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirm&action=edit confirm] [[MediaWiki_talk:Confirm|Talk]] </td><td> Confirm </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmcheck&action=edit confirmcheck] [[MediaWiki_talk:Confirmcheck|Talk]] </td><td> Yes, I really want to delete this. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmdelete&action=edit confirmdelete] [[MediaWiki_talk:Confirmdelete|Talk]] </td><td> Confirm delete </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmdeletetext&action=edit confirmdeletetext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Confirmdeletetext|Talk]] </td><td> You are about to permanently delete a page or image along with all of its history from the database. Please confirm that you intend to do this, that you understand the consequences, and that you are doing this in accordance with [[Wikipedia:Policy]]. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmprotect&action=edit confirmprotect] [[MediaWiki_talk:Confirmprotect|Talk]] </td><td> Confirm protection </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmprotecttext&action=edit confirmprotecttext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Confirmprotecttext|Talk]] </td><td> Do you really want to protect this page? </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmunprotect&action=edit confirmunprotect] [[MediaWiki_talk:Confirmunprotect|Talk]] </td><td> Confirm unprotection </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmunprotecttext&action=edit confirmunprotecttext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Confirmunprotecttext|Talk]] </td><td> Do you really want to unprotect this page? </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contextchars&action=edit contextchars] [[MediaWiki_talk:Contextchars|Talk]] </td><td> Characters of context per line </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contextlines&action=edit contextlines] [[MediaWiki_talk:Contextlines|Talk]] </td><td> Lines to show per hit </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contribslink&action=edit contribslink] [[MediaWiki_talk:Contribslink|Talk]] </td><td> contribs </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contribsub&action=edit contribsub] [[MediaWiki_talk:Contribsub|Talk]] </td><td> For $1 </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contributions&action=edit contributions] [[MediaWiki_talk:Contributions|Talk]] </td><td> User contributions </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Copyright&action=edit copyright] [[MediaWiki_talk:Copyright|Talk]] </td><td> Content is available under $1. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Copyrightpage&action=edit copyrightpage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Copyrightpage|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia:Copyrights </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Copyrightpagename&action=edit copyrightpagename] [[MediaWiki_talk:Copyrightpagename|Talk]] </td><td> MediaWiki copyright </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Copyrightwarning&action=edit copyrightwarning] [[MediaWiki_talk:Copyrightwarning|Talk]] </td><td> Please note that all contributions to MediaWiki are considered to be released under the GNU Free Documentation License (see $1 for details). If you don't want your writing to be edited mercilessly and redistributed at will, then don't submit it here. You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource. DO NOT SUBMIT COPYRIGHTED WORK WITHOUT PERMISSION! </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Couldntremove&action=edit couldntremove] [[MediaWiki_talk:Couldntremove|Talk]] </td><td> Couldn't remove item '$1'... </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Createaccount&action=edit createaccount] [[MediaWiki_talk:Createaccount|Talk]] </td><td> Create new account </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Createaccountmail&action=edit createaccountmail] [[MediaWiki_talk:Createaccountmail|Talk]] </td><td> by email </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cur&action=edit cur] [[MediaWiki_talk:Cur|Talk]] </td><td> cur </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Currentevents&action=edit currentevents] [[MediaWiki_talk:Currentevents|Talk]] </td><td> Current events </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Currentrev&action=edit currentrev] [[MediaWiki_talk:Currentrev|Talk]] </td><td> Current revision </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Databaseerror&action=edit databaseerror] [[MediaWiki_talk:Databaseerror|Talk]] </td><td> Database error </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dateformat&action=edit dateformat] [[MediaWiki_talk:Dateformat|Talk]] </td><td> Date format </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dberrortext&action=edit dberrortext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Dberrortext|Talk]] </td><td> A database query syntax error has occurred. This could be because of an illegal search query (see $5), or it may indicate a bug in the software. The last attempted database query was: <blockquote><tt>$1</tt></blockquote> from within function "<tt>$2</tt>". MySQL returned error "<tt>$3: $4</tt>". </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dberrortextcl&action=edit dberrortextcl] [[MediaWiki_talk:Dberrortextcl|Talk]] </td><td> A database query syntax error has occurred. The last attempted database query was: "$1" from within function "$2". MySQL returned error "$3: $4". </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deadendpages&action=edit deadendpages] [[MediaWiki_talk:Deadendpages|Talk]] </td><td> Dead-end pages </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Debug&action=edit debug] [[MediaWiki_talk:Debug|Talk]] </td><td> Debug </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Defaultns&action=edit defaultns] [[MediaWiki_talk:Defaultns|Talk]] </td><td> Search in these namespaces by default: </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Defemailsubject&action=edit defemailsubject] [[MediaWiki_talk:Defemailsubject|Talk]] </td><td> MediaWiki e-mail </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Delete&action=edit delete] [[MediaWiki_talk:Delete|Talk]] </td><td> Delete </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletecomment&action=edit deletecomment] [[MediaWiki_talk:Deletecomment|Talk]] </td><td> Reason for deletion </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletedarticle&action=edit deletedarticle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Deletedarticle|Talk]] </td><td> deleted "$1" </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletedtext&action=edit deletedtext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Deletedtext|Talk]] </td><td> "$1" has been deleted. See $2 for a record of recent deletions. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deleteimg&action=edit deleteimg] [[MediaWiki_talk:Deleteimg|Talk]] </td><td> del </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletepage&action=edit deletepage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Deletepage|Talk]] </td><td> Delete page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletesub&action=edit deletesub] [[MediaWiki_talk:Deletesub|Talk]] </td><td> (Deleting "$1") </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletethispage&action=edit deletethispage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Deletethispage|Talk]] </td><td> Delete this page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletionlog&action=edit deletionlog] [[MediaWiki_talk:Deletionlog|Talk]] </td><td> deletion log </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dellogpage&action=edit dellogpage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Dellogpage|Talk]] </td><td> Deletion_log </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dellogpagetext&action=edit dellogpagetext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Dellogpagetext|Talk]] </td><td> Below is a list of the most recent deletions. All times shown are server time (UTC). <ul> </ul> </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Developerspheading&action=edit developerspheading] [[MediaWiki_talk:Developerspheading|Talk]] </td><td> For developer use only </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Developertext&action=edit developertext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Developertext|Talk]] </td><td> The action you have requested can only be performed by users with "developer" status. See $1. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Developertitle&action=edit developertitle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Developertitle|Talk]] </td><td> Developer access required </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Diff&action=edit diff] [[MediaWiki_talk:Diff|Talk]] </td><td> diff </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Difference&action=edit difference] [[MediaWiki_talk:Difference|Talk]] </td><td> (Difference between revisions) </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disambiguations&action=edit disambiguations] [[MediaWiki_talk:Disambiguations|Talk]] </td><td> Disambiguation pages </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disambiguationspage&action=edit disambiguationspage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Disambiguationspage|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia:Links_to_disambiguating_pages </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disambiguationstext&action=edit disambiguationstext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Disambiguationstext|Talk]] </td><td> The following articles link to a disambiguation page. They should link to the appropriate topic instead. A page is treated as dismbiguation if it is linked from $1. Links from other namespaces are not listed here. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disclaimerpage&action=edit disclaimerpage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Disclaimerpage|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia:General_disclaimer </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disclaimers&action=edit disclaimers] [[MediaWiki_talk:Disclaimers|Talk]] </td><td> Disclaimers </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Doubleredirects&action=edit doubleredirects] [[MediaWiki_talk:Doubleredirects|Talk]] </td><td> Double Redirects </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Doubleredirectstext&action=edit doubleredirectstext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Doubleredirectstext|Talk]] </td><td> Attention: This list may contain false positives. That usually means there is additional text with links below the first #REDIRECT. Each row contains links to the first and second redirect, as well as the first line of the second redirect text, usually giving the "real" taget article, which the first redirect should point to. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Edit&action=edit edit] [[MediaWiki_talk:Edit|Talk]] </td><td> Edit </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editcomment&action=edit editcomment] [[MediaWiki_talk:Editcomment|Talk]] </td><td> The edit comment was: "$1". </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editconflict&action=edit editconflict] [[MediaWiki_talk:Editconflict|Talk]] </td><td> Edit conflict: $1 </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editcurrent&action=edit editcurrent] [[MediaWiki_talk:Editcurrent|Talk]] </td><td> Edit the current version of this page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Edithelp&action=edit edithelp] [[MediaWiki_talk:Edithelp|Talk]] </td><td> Editing help </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Edithelppage&action=edit edithelppage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Edithelppage|Talk]] </td><td> Help:Editing </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editing&action=edit editing] [[MediaWiki_talk:Editing|Talk]] </td><td> Editing $1 </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editingold&action=edit editingold] [[MediaWiki_talk:Editingold|Talk]] </td><td> WARNING: You are editing an out-of-date revision of this page. If you save it, any changes made since this revision will be lost. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editsection&action=edit editsection] [[MediaWiki_talk:Editsection|Talk]] </td><td> edit </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editthispage&action=edit editthispage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Editthispage|Talk]] </td><td> Edit this page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailflag&action=edit emailflag] [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailflag|Talk]] </td><td> Disable e-mail from other users </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailforlost&action=edit emailforlost] [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailforlost|Talk]] </td><td> Fields marked with a star (*) are optional. Storing an email address enables people to contact you through the website without you having to reveal your email address to them, and it can be used to send you a new password if you forget it. Your real name, if you choose to provide it, will be used for giving you attribution for your work. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailfrom&action=edit emailfrom] [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailfrom|Talk]] </td><td> From </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailmessage&action=edit emailmessage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailmessage|Talk]] </td><td> Message </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailpage&action=edit emailpage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailpage|Talk]] </td><td> E-mail user </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailpagetext&action=edit emailpagetext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailpagetext|Talk]] </td><td> If this user has entered a valid e-mail address in his or her user preferences, the form below will send a single message. The e-mail address you entered in your user preferences will appear as the "From" address of the mail, so the recipient will be able to reply. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailsend&action=edit emailsend] [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailsend|Talk]] </td><td> Send </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailsent&action=edit emailsent] [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailsent|Talk]] </td><td> E-mail sent </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailsenttext&action=edit emailsenttext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailsenttext|Talk]] </td><td> Your e-mail message has been sent. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailsubject&action=edit emailsubject] [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailsubject|Talk]] </td><td> Subject </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailto&action=edit emailto] [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailto|Talk]] </td><td> To </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailuser&action=edit emailuser] [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailuser|Talk]] </td><td> E-mail this user </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Enterlockreason&action=edit enterlockreason] [[MediaWiki_talk:Enterlockreason|Talk]] </td><td> Enter a reason for the lock, including an estimate of when the lock will be released </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Error&action=edit error] [[MediaWiki_talk:Error|Talk]] </td><td> Error </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Errorpagetitle&action=edit errorpagetitle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Errorpagetitle|Talk]] </td><td> Error </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Exbeforeblank&action=edit exbeforeblank] [[MediaWiki_talk:Exbeforeblank|Talk]] </td><td> content before blanking was: </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Exblank&action=edit exblank] [[MediaWiki_talk:Exblank|Talk]] </td><td> page was empty </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Excontent&action=edit excontent] [[MediaWiki_talk:Excontent|Talk]] </td><td> content was: </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Explainconflict&action=edit explainconflict] [[MediaWiki_talk:Explainconflict|Talk]] </td><td> Someone else has changed this page since you started editing it. The upper text area contains the page text as it currently exists. Your changes are shown in the lower text area. You will have to merge your changes into the existing text. Only the text in the upper text area will be saved when you press "Save page". </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Export&action=edit export] [[MediaWiki_talk:Export|Talk]] </td><td> Export pages </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Exportcuronly&action=edit exportcuronly] [[MediaWiki_talk:Exportcuronly|Talk]] </td><td> Include only the current revision, not the full history </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Exporttext&action=edit exporttext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Exporttext|Talk]] </td><td> You can export the text and editing history of a particular page or set of pages wrapped in some XML; this can then be imported into another wiki running MediaWiki software, transformed, or just kept for your private amusement. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Extlink_sample&action=edit extlink_sample] [[MediaWiki_talk:Extlink_sample|Talk]] </td><td> http://www.example.com link title </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Extlink_tip&action=edit extlink_tip] [[MediaWiki_talk:Extlink_tip|Talk]] </td><td> External link (remember http:// prefix) </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Faq&action=edit faq] [[MediaWiki_talk:Faq|Talk]] </td><td> FAQ </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Faqpage&action=edit faqpage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Faqpage|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia:FAQ </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Feedlinks&action=edit feedlinks] [[MediaWiki_talk:Feedlinks|Talk]] </td><td> Feed: </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filecopyerror&action=edit filecopyerror] [[MediaWiki_talk:Filecopyerror|Talk]] </td><td> Could not copy file "$1" to "$2". </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filedeleteerror&action=edit filedeleteerror] [[MediaWiki_talk:Filedeleteerror|Talk]] </td><td> Could not delete file "$1". </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filedesc&action=edit filedesc] [[MediaWiki_talk:Filedesc|Talk]] </td><td> Summary </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filename&action=edit filename] [[MediaWiki_talk:Filename|Talk]] </td><td> Filename </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filenotfound&action=edit filenotfound] [[MediaWiki_talk:Filenotfound|Talk]] </td><td> Could not find file "$1". </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filerenameerror&action=edit filerenameerror] [[MediaWiki_talk:Filerenameerror|Talk]] </td><td> Could not rename file "$1" to "$2". </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filesource&action=edit filesource] [[MediaWiki_talk:Filesource|Talk]] </td><td> Source </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filestatus&action=edit filestatus] [[MediaWiki_talk:Filestatus|Talk]] </td><td> Copyright status </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Fileuploaded&action=edit fileuploaded] [[MediaWiki_talk:Fileuploaded|Talk]] </td><td> File "$1" uploaded successfully. Please follow this link: $2 to the description page and fill in information about the file, such as where it came from, when it was created and by whom, and anything else you may know about it. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Formerror&action=edit formerror] [[MediaWiki_talk:Formerror|Talk]] </td><td> Error: could not submit form </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Fromwikipedia&action=edit fromwikipedia] [[MediaWiki_talk:Fromwikipedia|Talk]] </td><td> From MediaWiki, the free encyclopedia. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Getimagelist&action=edit getimagelist] [[MediaWiki_talk:Getimagelist|Talk]] </td><td> fetching image list </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Go&action=edit go] [[MediaWiki_talk:Go|Talk]] </td><td> Go </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Googlesearch&action=edit googlesearch] [[MediaWiki_talk:Googlesearch|Talk]] </td><td>  <FORM method=GET action="http://www.google.com/search"> <TABLE bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><tr><td> <A HREF="http://www.google.com/"> <IMG SRC="http://www.google.com/logos/Logo_40wht.gif" border="0" ALT="Google"></A> </td> <td> <INPUT TYPE=text name=q size=31 maxlength=255 value="$1"> <INPUT type=submit name=btnG VALUE="Google Search"> <input type=hidden name=domains value="http://si.wikipedia.org"> <input type=radio name=sitesearch value=""> WWW <input type=radio name=sitesearch value="http://si.wikipedia.org" checked> http://si.wikipedia.org <input type='hidden' name='ie' value='$2'> <input type='hidden' name='oe' value='$2'> </td></tr></TABLE> </FORM>  </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Guesstimezone&action=edit guesstimezone] [[MediaWiki_talk:Guesstimezone|Talk]] </td><td> Fill in from browser </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Headline_sample&action=edit headline_sample] [[MediaWiki_talk:Headline_sample|Talk]] </td><td> Headline text </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Headline_tip&action=edit headline_tip] [[MediaWiki_talk:Headline_tip|Talk]] </td><td> Level 2 headline </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Help&action=edit help] [[MediaWiki_talk:Help|Talk]] </td><td> Help </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Helppage&action=edit helppage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Helppage|Talk]] </td><td> Help:Contents </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Hide&action=edit hide] [[MediaWiki_talk:Hide|Talk]] </td><td> hide </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Hidetoc&action=edit hidetoc] [[MediaWiki_talk:Hidetoc|Talk]] </td><td> hide </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Hist&action=edit hist] [[MediaWiki_talk:Hist|Talk]] </td><td> hist </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Histlegend&action=edit histlegend] [[MediaWiki_talk:Histlegend|Talk]] </td><td> Diff selection: mark the radio boxes of the versions to compare and hit enter or the button at the bottom. Legend: (cur) = difference with current version, (last) = difference with preceding version, M = minor edit. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:History&action=edit history] [[MediaWiki_talk:History|Talk]] </td><td> Page history </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:History_short&action=edit history_short] [[MediaWiki_talk:History_short|Talk]] </td><td> History </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Historywarning&action=edit historywarning] [[MediaWiki_talk:Historywarning|Talk]] </td><td> Warning: The page you are about to delete has a history: </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Hr_tip&action=edit hr_tip] [[MediaWiki_talk:Hr_tip|Talk]] </td><td> Horizontal line (use sparingly) </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ignorewarning&action=edit ignorewarning] [[MediaWiki_talk:Ignorewarning|Talk]] </td><td> Ignore warning and save file anyway. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ilshowmatch&action=edit ilshowmatch] [[MediaWiki_talk:Ilshowmatch|Talk]] </td><td> Show all images with names matching </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ilsubmit&action=edit ilsubmit] [[MediaWiki_talk:Ilsubmit|Talk]] </td><td> Search </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Image_sample&action=edit image_sample] [[MediaWiki_talk:Image_sample|Talk]] </td><td> Example.jpg </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Image_tip&action=edit image_tip] [[MediaWiki_talk:Image_tip|Talk]] </td><td> Embedded image </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagelinks&action=edit imagelinks] [[MediaWiki_talk:Imagelinks|Talk]] </td><td> Image links </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagelist&action=edit imagelist] [[MediaWiki_talk:Imagelist|Talk]] </td><td> Image list </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagelisttext&action=edit imagelisttext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Imagelisttext|Talk]] </td><td> Below is a list of $1 images sorted $2. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagepage&action=edit imagepage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Imagepage|Talk]] </td><td> View image page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagereverted&action=edit imagereverted] [[MediaWiki_talk:Imagereverted|Talk]] </td><td> Revert to earlier version was successful. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imgdelete&action=edit imgdelete] [[MediaWiki_talk:Imgdelete|Talk]] </td><td> del </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imgdesc&action=edit imgdesc] [[MediaWiki_talk:Imgdesc|Talk]] </td><td> desc </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imghistlegend&action=edit imghistlegend] [[MediaWiki_talk:Imghistlegend|Talk]] </td><td> Legend: (cur) = this is the current image, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. Click on date to see image uploaded on that date. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imghistory&action=edit imghistory] [[MediaWiki_talk:Imghistory|Talk]] </td><td> Image history </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imglegend&action=edit imglegend] [[MediaWiki_talk:Imglegend|Talk]] </td><td> Legend: (desc) = show/edit image description. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Import&action=edit import] [[MediaWiki_talk:Import|Talk]] </td><td> Import pages </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Importfailed&action=edit importfailed] [[MediaWiki_talk:Importfailed|Talk]] </td><td> Import failed: $1 </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Importhistoryconflict&action=edit importhistoryconflict] [[MediaWiki_talk:Importhistoryconflict|Talk]] </td><td> Conflicting history revision exists (may have imported this page before) </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Importnotext&action=edit importnotext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Importnotext|Talk]] </td><td> Empty or no text </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Importsuccess&action=edit importsuccess] [[MediaWiki_talk:Importsuccess|Talk]] </td><td> Import succeeded! </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Importtext&action=edit importtext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Importtext|Talk]] </td><td> Please export the file from the source wiki using the Special:Export utility, save it to your disk and upload it here. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Infobox&action=edit infobox] [[MediaWiki_talk:Infobox|Talk]] </td><td> Click a button to get an example text </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Infobox_alert&action=edit infobox_alert] [[MediaWiki_talk:Infobox_alert|Talk]] </td><td> Please enter the text you want to be formatted.\n It will be shown in the infobox for copy and pasting.\nExample:\n$1\nwill become:\n$2 </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Internalerror&action=edit internalerror] [[MediaWiki_talk:Internalerror|Talk]] </td><td> Internal error </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Intl&action=edit intl] [[MediaWiki_talk:Intl|Talk]] </td><td> Interlanguage links </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ip_range_invalid&action=edit ip_range_invalid] [[MediaWiki_talk:Ip_range_invalid|Talk]] </td><td> Invalid IP range. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipaddress&action=edit ipaddress] [[MediaWiki_talk:Ipaddress|Talk]] </td><td> IP Address/username </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipb_expiry_invalid&action=edit ipb_expiry_invalid] [[MediaWiki_talk:Ipb_expiry_invalid|Talk]] </td><td> Expiry time invalid. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipbexpiry&action=edit ipbexpiry] [[MediaWiki_talk:Ipbexpiry|Talk]] </td><td> Expiry </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipblocklist&action=edit ipblocklist] [[MediaWiki_talk:Ipblocklist|Talk]] </td><td> List of blocked IP addresses and usernames </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipbreason&action=edit ipbreason] [[MediaWiki_talk:Ipbreason|Talk]] </td><td> Reason </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipbsubmit&action=edit ipbsubmit] [[MediaWiki_talk:Ipbsubmit|Talk]] </td><td> Block this user </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipusubmit&action=edit ipusubmit] [[MediaWiki_talk:Ipusubmit|Talk]] </td><td> Unblock this address </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipusuccess&action=edit ipusuccess] [[MediaWiki_talk:Ipusuccess|Talk]] </td><td> "$1" unblocked </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Isbn&action=edit isbn] [[MediaWiki_talk:Isbn|Talk]] </td><td> ISBN </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Isredirect&action=edit isredirect] [[MediaWiki_talk:Isredirect|Talk]] </td><td> redirect page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Italic_sample&action=edit italic_sample] [[MediaWiki_talk:Italic_sample|Talk]] </td><td> Italic text </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Italic_tip&action=edit italic_tip] [[MediaWiki_talk:Italic_tip|Talk]] </td><td> Italic text </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Iteminvalidname&action=edit iteminvalidname] [[MediaWiki_talk:Iteminvalidname|Talk]] </td><td> Problem with item '$1', invalid name... </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Largefile&action=edit largefile] [[MediaWiki_talk:Largefile|Talk]] </td><td> It is recommended that images not exceed 100k in size. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Last&action=edit last] [[MediaWiki_talk:Last|Talk]] </td><td> last </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lastmodified&action=edit lastmodified] [[MediaWiki_talk:Lastmodified|Talk]] </td><td> This page was last modified $1. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lastmodifiedby&action=edit lastmodifiedby] [[MediaWiki_talk:Lastmodifiedby|Talk]] </td><td> This page was last modified $1 by $2. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lineno&action=edit lineno] [[MediaWiki_talk:Lineno|Talk]] </td><td> Line $1: </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Link_sample&action=edit link_sample] [[MediaWiki_talk:Link_sample|Talk]] </td><td> Link title </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Link_tip&action=edit link_tip] [[MediaWiki_talk:Link_tip|Talk]] </td><td> Internal link </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Linklistsub&action=edit linklistsub] [[MediaWiki_talk:Linklistsub|Talk]] </td><td> (List of links) </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Linkshere&action=edit linkshere] [[MediaWiki_talk:Linkshere|Talk]] </td><td> The following pages link to here: </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Linkstoimage&action=edit linkstoimage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Linkstoimage|Talk]] </td><td> The following pages link to this image: </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Linktrail&action=edit linktrail] [[MediaWiki_talk:Linktrail|Talk]] </td><td> /^([a-z]+)(.*)$/sD </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Listform&action=edit listform] [[MediaWiki_talk:Listform|Talk]] </td><td> list </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Listusers&action=edit listusers] [[MediaWiki_talk:Listusers|Talk]] </td><td> User list </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loadhist&action=edit loadhist] [[MediaWiki_talk:Loadhist|Talk]] </td><td> Loading page history </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loadingrev&action=edit loadingrev] [[MediaWiki_talk:Loadingrev|Talk]] </td><td> loading revision for diff </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Localtime&action=edit localtime] [[MediaWiki_talk:Localtime|Talk]] </td><td> Local time display </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockbtn&action=edit lockbtn] [[MediaWiki_talk:Lockbtn|Talk]] </td><td> Lock database </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockconfirm&action=edit lockconfirm] [[MediaWiki_talk:Lockconfirm|Talk]] </td><td> Yes, I really want to lock the database. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockdb&action=edit lockdb] [[MediaWiki_talk:Lockdb|Talk]] </td><td> Lock database </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockdbsuccesssub&action=edit lockdbsuccesssub] [[MediaWiki_talk:Lockdbsuccesssub|Talk]] </td><td> Database lock succeeded </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockdbsuccesstext&action=edit lockdbsuccesstext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Lockdbsuccesstext|Talk]] </td><td> The database has been locked. Remember to remove the lock after your maintenance is complete. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockdbtext&action=edit lockdbtext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Lockdbtext|Talk]] </td><td> Locking the database will suspend the ability of all users to edit pages, change their preferences, edit their watchlists, and other things requiring changes in the database. Please confirm that this is what you intend to do, and that you will unlock the database when your maintenance is done. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Locknoconfirm&action=edit locknoconfirm] [[MediaWiki_talk:Locknoconfirm|Talk]] </td><td> You did not check the confirmation box. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Login&action=edit login] [[MediaWiki_talk:Login|Talk]] </td><td> Log in </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginend&action=edit loginend] [[MediaWiki_talk:Loginend|Talk]] </td><td> &nbsp; </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginerror&action=edit loginerror] [[MediaWiki_talk:Loginerror|Talk]] </td><td> Login error </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginpagetitle&action=edit loginpagetitle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Loginpagetitle|Talk]] </td><td> User login </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginproblem&action=edit loginproblem] [[MediaWiki_talk:Loginproblem|Talk]] </td><td> There has been a problem with your login. Try again! </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginprompt&action=edit loginprompt] [[MediaWiki_talk:Loginprompt|Talk]] </td><td> You must have cookies enabled to log in to MediaWiki. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginreqtext&action=edit loginreqtext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Loginreqtext|Talk]] </td><td> You must [[special:Userlogin|login]] to view other pages. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginreqtitle&action=edit loginreqtitle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Loginreqtitle|Talk]] </td><td> Login Required </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginsuccess&action=edit loginsuccess] [[MediaWiki_talk:Loginsuccess|Talk]] </td><td> You are now logged in to MediaWiki as "$1". </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginsuccesstitle&action=edit loginsuccesstitle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Loginsuccesstitle|Talk]] </td><td> Login successful </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Logout&action=edit logout] [[MediaWiki_talk:Logout|Talk]] </td><td> Log out </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Logouttext&action=edit logouttext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Logouttext|Talk]] </td><td> You are now logged out. You can continue to use MediaWiki anonymously, or you can log in again as the same or as a different user. Note that some pages may continue to be displayed as if you were still logged in, until you clear your browser cache </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Logouttitle&action=edit logouttitle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Logouttitle|Talk]] </td><td> User logout </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lonelypages&action=edit lonelypages] [[MediaWiki_talk:Lonelypages|Talk]] </td><td> Orphaned pages </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Longpages&action=edit longpages] [[MediaWiki_talk:Longpages|Talk]] </td><td> Long pages </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Longpagewarning&action=edit longpagewarning] [[MediaWiki_talk:Longpagewarning|Talk]] </td><td> WARNING: This page is $1 kilobytes long; some browsers may have problems editing pages approaching or longer than 32kb. Please consider breaking the page into smaller sections. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mailerror&action=edit mailerror] [[MediaWiki_talk:Mailerror|Talk]] </td><td> Error sending mail: $1 </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mailmypassword&action=edit mailmypassword] [[MediaWiki_talk:Mailmypassword|Talk]] </td><td> Mail me a new password </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mailnologin&action=edit mailnologin] [[MediaWiki_talk:Mailnologin|Talk]] </td><td> No send address </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mailnologintext&action=edit mailnologintext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Mailnologintext|Talk]] </td><td> You must be <a href="{{localurl:Special:Userlogin">logged in</a> and have a valid e-mail address in your <a href="/wiki/Special:Preferences">preferences</a> to send e-mail to other users. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mainpage&action=edit mainpage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Mainpage|Talk]] </td><td> Main Page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mainpagedocfooter&action=edit mainpagedocfooter] [[MediaWiki_talk:Mainpagedocfooter|Talk]] </td><td> Please see [http://meta.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki_i18n documentation on customizing the interface] and the [http://meta.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki_User%27s_Guide User's Guide] for usage and configuration help. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mainpagetext&action=edit mainpagetext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Mainpagetext|Talk]] </td><td> Wiki software successfully installed. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Maintenance&action=edit maintenance] [[MediaWiki_talk:Maintenance|Talk]] </td><td> Maintenance page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Maintenancebacklink&action=edit maintenancebacklink] [[MediaWiki_talk:Maintenancebacklink|Talk]] </td><td> Back to Maintenance Page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Maintnancepagetext&action=edit maintnancepagetext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Maintnancepagetext|Talk]] </td><td> This page includes several handy tools for everyday maintenance. Some of these functions tend to stress the database, so please do not hit reload after every item you fixed ;-) </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysop&action=edit makesysop] [[MediaWiki_talk:Makesysop|Talk]] </td><td> Make a user into a sysop </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysopfail&action=edit makesysopfail] [[MediaWiki_talk:Makesysopfail|Talk]] </td><td> User "$1" could not be made into a sysop. (Did you enter the name correctly?) </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysopname&action=edit makesysopname] [[MediaWiki_talk:Makesysopname|Talk]] </td><td> Name of the user: </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysopok&action=edit makesysopok] [[MediaWiki_talk:Makesysopok|Talk]] </td><td> User "$1" is now a sysop </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysopsubmit&action=edit makesysopsubmit] [[MediaWiki_talk:Makesysopsubmit|Talk]] </td><td> Make this user into a sysop </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysoptext&action=edit makesysoptext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Makesysoptext|Talk]] </td><td> This form is used by bureaucrats to turn ordinary users into administrators. Type the name of the user in the box and press the button to make the user an administrator </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysoptitle&action=edit makesysoptitle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Makesysoptitle|Talk]] </td><td> Make a user into a sysop </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Matchtotals&action=edit matchtotals] [[MediaWiki_talk:Matchtotals|Talk]] </td><td> The query "$1" matched $2 article titles and the text of $3 articles. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math&action=edit math] [[MediaWiki_talk:Math|Talk]] </td><td> Rendering math </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_bad_output&action=edit math_bad_output] [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_bad_output|Talk]] </td><td> Can't write to or create math output directory </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_bad_tmpdir&action=edit math_bad_tmpdir] [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_bad_tmpdir|Talk]] </td><td> Can't write to or create math temp directory </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_failure&action=edit math_failure] [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_failure|Talk]] </td><td> Failed to parse </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_image_error&action=edit math_image_error] [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_image_error|Talk]] </td><td> PNG conversion failed; check for correct installation of latex, dvips, gs, and convert </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_lexing_error&action=edit math_lexing_error] [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_lexing_error|Talk]] </td><td> lexing error </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_notexvc&action=edit math_notexvc] [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_notexvc|Talk]] </td><td> Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_sample&action=edit math_sample] [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_sample|Talk]] </td><td> Insert formula here </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_syntax_error&action=edit math_syntax_error] [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_syntax_error|Talk]] </td><td> syntax error </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_tip&action=edit math_tip] [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_tip|Talk]] </td><td> Mathematical formula (LaTeX) </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_unknown_error&action=edit math_unknown_error] [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_unknown_error|Talk]] </td><td> unknown error </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_unknown_function&action=edit math_unknown_function] [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_unknown_function|Talk]] </td><td> unknown function </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Media_sample&action=edit media_sample] [[MediaWiki_talk:Media_sample|Talk]] </td><td> Example.mp3 </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Media_tip&action=edit media_tip] [[MediaWiki_talk:Media_tip|Talk]] </td><td> Media file link </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Minlength&action=edit minlength] [[MediaWiki_talk:Minlength|Talk]] </td><td> Image names must be at least three letters. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Minoredit&action=edit minoredit] [[MediaWiki_talk:Minoredit|Talk]] </td><td> This is a minor edit </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Minoreditletter&action=edit minoreditletter] [[MediaWiki_talk:Minoreditletter|Talk]] </td><td> M </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mispeelings&action=edit mispeelings] [[MediaWiki_talk:Mispeelings|Talk]] </td><td> Pages with misspellings </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mispeelingspage&action=edit mispeelingspage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Mispeelingspage|Talk]] </td><td> List of common misspellings </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mispeelingstext&action=edit mispeelingstext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Mispeelingstext|Talk]] </td><td> The following pages contain a common misspelling, which are listed on $1. The correct spelling might be given (like this). </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Missingarticle&action=edit missingarticle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Missingarticle|Talk]] </td><td> The database did not find the text of a page that it should have found, named "$1". This is usually caused by following an outdated diff or history link to a page that has been deleted. If this is not the case, you may have found a bug in the software. Please report this to an administrator, making note of the URL. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Missingimage&action=edit missingimage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Missingimage|Talk]] </td><td> Missing image $1 </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Missinglanguagelinks&action=edit missinglanguagelinks] [[MediaWiki_talk:Missinglanguagelinks|Talk]] </td><td> Missing Language Links </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Missinglanguagelinksbutton&action=edit missinglanguagelinksbutton] [[MediaWiki_talk:Missinglanguagelinksbutton|Talk]] </td><td> Find missing language links for </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Missinglanguagelinkstext&action=edit missinglanguagelinkstext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Missinglanguagelinkstext|Talk]] </td><td> These articles do not link to their counterpart in $1. Redirects and subpages are not shown. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Moredotdotdot&action=edit moredotdotdot] [[MediaWiki_talk:Moredotdotdot|Talk]] </td><td> More... </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Move&action=edit move] [[MediaWiki_talk:Move|Talk]] </td><td> Move </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movearticle&action=edit movearticle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Movearticle|Talk]] </td><td> Move page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movedto&action=edit movedto] [[MediaWiki_talk:Movedto|Talk]] </td><td> moved to </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movenologin&action=edit movenologin] [[MediaWiki_talk:Movenologin|Talk]] </td><td> Not logged in </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movenologintext&action=edit movenologintext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Movenologintext|Talk]] </td><td> You must be a registered user and <a href="/wiki/Special:Userlogin">logged in</a> to move a page. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movepage&action=edit movepage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Movepage|Talk]] </td><td> Move page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movepagebtn&action=edit movepagebtn] [[MediaWiki_talk:Movepagebtn|Talk]] </td><td> Move page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movepagetalktext&action=edit movepagetalktext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Movepagetalktext|Talk]] </td><td> The associated talk page, if any, will be automatically moved along with it '''unless:''' *You are moving the page across namespaces, *A non-empty talk page already exists under the new name, or *You uncheck the box below. In those cases, you will have to move or merge the page manually if desired. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movepagetext&action=edit movepagetext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Movepagetext|Talk]] </td><td> Using the form below will rename a page, moving all of its history to the new name. The old title will become a redirect page to the new title. Links to the old page title will not be changed; be sure to [[Special:Maintenance|check]] for double or broken redirects. You are responsible for making sure that links continue to point where they are supposed to go. Note that the page will '''not''' be moved if there is already a page at the new title, unless it is empty or a redirect and has no past edit history. This means that you can rename a page back to where it was just renamed from if you make a mistake, and you cannot overwrite an existing page. WARNING! This can be a drastic and unexpected change for a popular page; please be sure you understand the consequences of this before proceeding. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movetalk&action=edit movetalk] [[MediaWiki_talk:Movetalk|Talk]] </td><td> Move "talk" page as well, if applicable. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movethispage&action=edit movethispage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Movethispage|Talk]] </td><td> Move this page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mycontris&action=edit mycontris] [[MediaWiki_talk:Mycontris|Talk]] </td><td> My contributions </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mypage&action=edit mypage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Mypage|Talk]] </td><td> My page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mytalk&action=edit mytalk] [[MediaWiki_talk:Mytalk|Talk]] </td><td> My talk </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Navigation&action=edit navigation] [[MediaWiki_talk:Navigation|Talk]] </td><td> Navigation </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nbytes&action=edit nbytes] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nbytes|Talk]] </td><td> $1 bytes </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nchanges&action=edit nchanges] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nchanges|Talk]] </td><td> $1 changes </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newarticle&action=edit newarticle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Newarticle|Talk]] </td><td> (New) </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newarticletext&action=edit newarticletext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Newarticletext|Talk]] </td><td> You've followed a link to a page that doesn't exist yet. To create the page, start typing in the box below (see the [[Wikipedia:Help|help page]] for more info). If you are here by mistake, just click your browser's '''back''' button. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newmessages&action=edit newmessages] [[MediaWiki_talk:Newmessages|Talk]] </td><td> You have $1. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newmessageslink&action=edit newmessageslink] [[MediaWiki_talk:Newmessageslink|Talk]] </td><td> new messages </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newpage&action=edit newpage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Newpage|Talk]] </td><td> New page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newpageletter&action=edit newpageletter] [[MediaWiki_talk:Newpageletter|Talk]] </td><td> N </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newpages&action=edit newpages] [[MediaWiki_talk:Newpages|Talk]] </td><td> New pages </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newpassword&action=edit newpassword] [[MediaWiki_talk:Newpassword|Talk]] </td><td> New password </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newtitle&action=edit newtitle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Newtitle|Talk]] </td><td> To new title </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newusersonly&action=edit newusersonly] [[MediaWiki_talk:Newusersonly|Talk]] </td><td> (new users only) </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Next&action=edit next] [[MediaWiki_talk:Next|Talk]] </td><td> next </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nextn&action=edit nextn] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nextn|Talk]] </td><td> next $1 </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nlinks&action=edit nlinks] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nlinks|Talk]] </td><td> $1 links </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noaffirmation&action=edit noaffirmation] [[MediaWiki_talk:Noaffirmation|Talk]] </td><td> You must affirm that your upload does not violate any copyrights. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noarticletext&action=edit noarticletext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Noarticletext|Talk]] </td><td> (There is currently no text in this page) </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noblockreason&action=edit noblockreason] [[MediaWiki_talk:Noblockreason|Talk]] </td><td> You must supply a reason for the block. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noconnect&action=edit noconnect] [[MediaWiki_talk:Noconnect|Talk]] </td><td> Sorry! The wiki is experiencing some technical difficulties, and cannot contact the database server. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nocontribs&action=edit nocontribs] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nocontribs|Talk]] </td><td> No changes were found matching these criteria. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nocookieslogin&action=edit nocookieslogin] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nocookieslogin|Talk]] </td><td> MediaWiki uses cookies to log in users. You have cookies disabled. Please enable them and try again. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nocookiesnew&action=edit nocookiesnew] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nocookiesnew|Talk]] </td><td> The user account was created, but you are not logged in. MediaWiki uses cookies to log in users. You have cookies disabled. Please enable them, then log in with your new username and password. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nocreativecommons&action=edit nocreativecommons] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nocreativecommons|Talk]] </td><td> Creative Commons RDF metadata disabled for this server. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nodb&action=edit nodb] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nodb|Talk]] </td><td> Could not select database $1 </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nodublincore&action=edit nodublincore] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nodublincore|Talk]] </td><td> Dublin Core RDF metadata disabled for this server. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noemail&action=edit noemail] [[MediaWiki_talk:Noemail|Talk]] </td><td> There is no e-mail address recorded for user "$1". </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noemailtext&action=edit noemailtext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Noemailtext|Talk]] </td><td> This user has not specified a valid e-mail address, or has chosen not to receive e-mail from other users. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noemailtitle&action=edit noemailtitle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Noemailtitle|Talk]] </td><td> No e-mail address </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nogomatch&action=edit nogomatch] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nogomatch|Talk]] </td><td> No page with this exact title exists, trying full text search. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nohistory&action=edit nohistory] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nohistory|Talk]] </td><td> There is no edit history for this page. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nolinkshere&action=edit nolinkshere] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nolinkshere|Talk]] </td><td> No pages link to here. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nolinkstoimage&action=edit nolinkstoimage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nolinkstoimage|Talk]] </td><td> There are no pages that link to this image. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noname&action=edit noname] [[MediaWiki_talk:Noname|Talk]] </td><td> You have not specified a valid user name. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nonefound&action=edit nonefound] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nonefound|Talk]] </td><td> Note: unsuccessful searches are often caused by searching for common words like "have" and "from", which are not indexed, or by specifying more than one search term (only pages containing all of the search terms will appear in the result). </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nospecialpagetext&action=edit nospecialpagetext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nospecialpagetext|Talk]] </td><td> You have requested a special page that is not recognized by the wiki. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nosuchaction&action=edit nosuchaction] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nosuchaction|Talk]] </td><td> No such action </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nosuchactiontext&action=edit nosuchactiontext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nosuchactiontext|Talk]] </td><td> The action specified by the URL is not recognized by the wiki </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nosuchspecialpage&action=edit nosuchspecialpage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nosuchspecialpage|Talk]] </td><td> No such special page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nosuchuser&action=edit nosuchuser] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nosuchuser|Talk]] </td><td> There is no user by the name "$1". Check your spelling, or use the form below to create a new user account. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notacceptable&action=edit notacceptable] [[MediaWiki_talk:Notacceptable|Talk]] </td><td> The wiki server can't provide data in a format your client can read. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notanarticle&action=edit notanarticle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Notanarticle|Talk]] </td><td> Not an article </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notargettext&action=edit notargettext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Notargettext|Talk]] </td><td> You have not specified a target page or user to perform this function on. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notargettitle&action=edit notargettitle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Notargettitle|Talk]] </td><td> No target </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Note&action=edit note] [[MediaWiki_talk:Note|Talk]] </td><td> Note: </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notextmatches&action=edit notextmatches] [[MediaWiki_talk:Notextmatches|Talk]] </td><td> No article text matches </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notitlematches&action=edit notitlematches] [[MediaWiki_talk:Notitlematches|Talk]] </td><td> No article title matches </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notloggedin&action=edit notloggedin] [[MediaWiki_talk:Notloggedin|Talk]] </td><td> Not logged in </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nowatchlist&action=edit nowatchlist] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nowatchlist|Talk]] </td><td> You have no items on your watchlist. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nowiki_sample&action=edit nowiki_sample] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nowiki_sample|Talk]] </td><td> Insert non-formatted text here </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nowiki_tip&action=edit nowiki_tip] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nowiki_tip|Talk]] </td><td> Ignore wiki formatting </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-category&action=edit nstab-category] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-category|Talk]] </td><td> Category </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-help&action=edit nstab-help] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-help|Talk]] </td><td> Help </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-image&action=edit nstab-image] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-image|Talk]] </td><td> Image </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-main&action=edit nstab-main] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-main|Talk]] </td><td> Article </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-media&action=edit nstab-media] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-media|Talk]] </td><td> Media </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-mediawiki&action=edit nstab-mediawiki] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-mediawiki|Talk]] </td><td> Message </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-special&action=edit nstab-special] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-special|Talk]] </td><td> Special </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-template&action=edit nstab-template] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-template|Talk]] </td><td> Template </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-user&action=edit nstab-user] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-user|Talk]] </td><td> User page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-wp&action=edit nstab-wp] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-wp|Talk]] </td><td> About </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nviews&action=edit nviews] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nviews|Talk]] </td><td> $1 views </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ok&action=edit ok] [[MediaWiki_talk:Ok|Talk]] </td><td> OK </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Oldpassword&action=edit oldpassword] [[MediaWiki_talk:Oldpassword|Talk]] </td><td> Old password </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Orig&action=edit orig] [[MediaWiki_talk:Orig|Talk]] </td><td> orig </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Orphans&action=edit orphans] [[MediaWiki_talk:Orphans|Talk]] </td><td> Orphaned pages </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Othercontribs&action=edit othercontribs] [[MediaWiki_talk:Othercontribs|Talk]] </td><td> Based on work by $1. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Otherlanguages&action=edit otherlanguages] [[MediaWiki_talk:Otherlanguages|Talk]] </td><td> Other languages </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Pagemovedsub&action=edit pagemovedsub] [[MediaWiki_talk:Pagemovedsub|Talk]] </td><td> Move succeeded </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Pagemovedtext&action=edit pagemovedtext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Pagemovedtext|Talk]] </td><td> Page "[[$1]]" moved to "[[$2]]". </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Pagetitle&action=edit pagetitle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Pagetitle|Talk]] </td><td> $1 - MediaWiki </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Passwordremindertext&action=edit passwordremindertext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Passwordremindertext|Talk]] </td><td> Someone (probably you, from IP address $1) requested that we send you a new MediaWiki login password. The password for user "$2" is now "$3". You should log in and change your password now. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Passwordremindertitle&action=edit passwordremindertitle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Passwordremindertitle|Talk]] </td><td> Password reminder from MediaWiki </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Passwordsent&action=edit passwordsent] [[MediaWiki_talk:Passwordsent|Talk]] </td><td> A new password has been sent to the e-mail address registered for "$1". Please log in again after you receive it. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Perfcached&action=edit perfcached] [[MediaWiki_talk:Perfcached|Talk]] </td><td> The following data is cached and may not be completely up to date: </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Perfdisabled&action=edit perfdisabled] [[MediaWiki_talk:Perfdisabled|Talk]] </td><td> Sorry! This feature has been temporarily disabled because it slows the database down to the point that no one can use the wiki. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Perfdisabledsub&action=edit perfdisabledsub] [[MediaWiki_talk:Perfdisabledsub|Talk]] </td><td> Here's a saved copy from $1: </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Personaltools&action=edit personaltools] [[MediaWiki_talk:Personaltools|Talk]] </td><td> Personal tools </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Popularpages&action=edit popularpages] [[MediaWiki_talk:Popularpages|Talk]] </td><td> Popular pages </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Portal&action=edit portal] [[MediaWiki_talk:Portal|Talk]] </td><td> Community portal </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Portal-url&action=edit portal-url] [[MediaWiki_talk:Portal-url|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia:Community Portal </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Postcomment&action=edit postcomment] [[MediaWiki_talk:Postcomment|Talk]] </td><td> Post a comment </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Poweredby&action=edit poweredby] [[MediaWiki_talk:Poweredby|Talk]] </td><td> MediaWiki is powered by [http://www.mediawiki.org/ MediaWiki], an open source wiki engine. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Powersearch&action=edit powersearch] [[MediaWiki_talk:Powersearch|Talk]] </td><td> Search </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Powersearchtext&action=edit powersearchtext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Powersearchtext|Talk]] </td><td> Search in namespaces : $1 $2 List redirects &nbsp; Search for $3 $9 </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Preferences&action=edit preferences] [[MediaWiki_talk:Preferences|Talk]] </td><td> Preferences </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefs-help-userdata&action=edit prefs-help-userdata] [[MediaWiki_talk:Prefs-help-userdata|Talk]] </td><td> * Real name (optional): if you choose to provide it this will be used for giving you attribution for your work. * Email (optional): Enables people to contact you through the website without you having to reveal your email address to them, and it can be used to send you a new password if you forget it. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefs-misc&action=edit prefs-misc] [[MediaWiki_talk:Prefs-misc|Talk]] </td><td> Misc settings </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefs-personal&action=edit prefs-personal] [[MediaWiki_talk:Prefs-personal|Talk]] </td><td> User data </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefs-rc&action=edit prefs-rc] [[MediaWiki_talk:Prefs-rc|Talk]] </td><td> Recent changes and stub display </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefslogintext&action=edit prefslogintext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Prefslogintext|Talk]] </td><td> You are logged in as "$1". Your internal ID number is $2. See [[Wikipedia:User preferences help]] for help deciphering the options. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefsnologin&action=edit prefsnologin] [[MediaWiki_talk:Prefsnologin|Talk]] </td><td> Not logged in </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefsnologintext&action=edit prefsnologintext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Prefsnologintext|Talk]] </td><td> You must be <a href="/wiki/Special:Userlogin">logged in</a> to set user preferences. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefsreset&action=edit prefsreset] [[MediaWiki_talk:Prefsreset|Talk]] </td><td> Preferences have been reset from storage. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Preview&action=edit preview] [[MediaWiki_talk:Preview|Talk]] </td><td> Preview </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Previewconflict&action=edit previewconflict] [[MediaWiki_talk:Previewconflict|Talk]] </td><td> This preview reflects the text in the upper text editing area as it will appear if you choose to save. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Previewnote&action=edit previewnote] [[MediaWiki_talk:Previewnote|Talk]] </td><td> Remember that this is only a preview, and has not yet been saved! </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prevn&action=edit prevn] [[MediaWiki_talk:Prevn|Talk]] </td><td> previous $1 </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Printableversion&action=edit printableversion] [[MediaWiki_talk:Printableversion|Talk]] </td><td> Printable version </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Printsubtitle&action=edit printsubtitle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Printsubtitle|Talk]] </td><td> (From http://si.wikipedia.org) </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protect&action=edit protect] [[MediaWiki_talk:Protect|Talk]] </td><td> Protect </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectcomment&action=edit protectcomment] [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectcomment|Talk]] </td><td> Reason for protecting </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectedarticle&action=edit protectedarticle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectedarticle|Talk]] </td><td> protected [[$1]] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectedpage&action=edit protectedpage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectedpage|Talk]] </td><td> Protected page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectedpagewarning&action=edit protectedpagewarning] [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectedpagewarning|Talk]] </td><td> WARNING: This page has been locked so that only users with sysop privileges can edit it. Be sure you are following the <a href='/w/wiki.phtml/Wikipedia:Protected_page_guidelines'>protected page guidelines</a>. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectedtext&action=edit protectedtext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectedtext|Talk]] </td><td> This page has been locked to prevent editing; there are a number of reasons why this may be so, please see [[Wikipedia:Protected page]]. You can view and copy the source of this page: </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectlogpage&action=edit protectlogpage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectlogpage|Talk]] </td><td> Protection_log </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectlogtext&action=edit protectlogtext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectlogtext|Talk]] </td><td> Below is a list of page locks/unlocks. See [[Wikipedia:Protected page]] for more information. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectpage&action=edit protectpage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectpage|Talk]] </td><td> Protect page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectreason&action=edit protectreason] [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectreason|Talk]] </td><td> (give a reason) </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectsub&action=edit protectsub] [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectsub|Talk]] </td><td> (Protecting "$1") </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectthispage&action=edit protectthispage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectthispage|Talk]] </td><td> Protect this page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Proxyblocker&action=edit proxyblocker] [[MediaWiki_talk:Proxyblocker|Talk]] </td><td> Proxy blocker </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Proxyblockreason&action=edit proxyblockreason] [[MediaWiki_talk:Proxyblockreason|Talk]] </td><td> Your IP address has been blocked because it is an open proxy. Please contact your Internet service provider or tech support and inform them of this serious security problem. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Proxyblocksuccess&action=edit proxyblocksuccess] [[MediaWiki_talk:Proxyblocksuccess|Talk]] </td><td> Done. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbbrowse&action=edit qbbrowse] [[MediaWiki_talk:Qbbrowse|Talk]] </td><td> Browse </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbedit&action=edit qbedit] [[MediaWiki_talk:Qbedit|Talk]] </td><td> Edit </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbfind&action=edit qbfind] [[MediaWiki_talk:Qbfind|Talk]] </td><td> Find </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbmyoptions&action=edit qbmyoptions] [[MediaWiki_talk:Qbmyoptions|Talk]] </td><td> My pages </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbpageinfo&action=edit qbpageinfo] [[MediaWiki_talk:Qbpageinfo|Talk]] </td><td> Context </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbpageoptions&action=edit qbpageoptions] [[MediaWiki_talk:Qbpageoptions|Talk]] </td><td> This page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbsettings&action=edit qbsettings] [[MediaWiki_talk:Qbsettings|Talk]] </td><td> Quickbar settings </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbspecialpages&action=edit qbspecialpages] [[MediaWiki_talk:Qbspecialpages|Talk]] </td><td> Special pages </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Querybtn&action=edit querybtn] [[MediaWiki_talk:Querybtn|Talk]] </td><td> Submit query </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Querysuccessful&action=edit querysuccessful] [[MediaWiki_talk:Querysuccessful|Talk]] </td><td> Query successful </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Randompage&action=edit randompage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Randompage|Talk]] </td><td> Random page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Range_block_disabled&action=edit range_block_disabled] [[MediaWiki_talk:Range_block_disabled|Talk]] </td><td> The sysop ability to create range blocks is disabled. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rchide&action=edit rchide] [[MediaWiki_talk:Rchide|Talk]] </td><td> in $4 form; $1 minor edits; $2 secondary namespaces; $3 multiple edits. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rclinks&action=edit rclinks] [[MediaWiki_talk:Rclinks|Talk]] </td><td> Show last $1 changes in last $2 days $3 </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rclistfrom&action=edit rclistfrom] [[MediaWiki_talk:Rclistfrom|Talk]] </td><td> Show new changes starting from $1 </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rcliu&action=edit rcliu] [[MediaWiki_talk:Rcliu|Talk]] </td><td> ; $1 edits from logged in users </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rcloaderr&action=edit rcloaderr] [[MediaWiki_talk:Rcloaderr|Talk]] </td><td> Loading recent changes </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rclsub&action=edit rclsub] [[MediaWiki_talk:Rclsub|Talk]] </td><td> (to pages linked from "$1") </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rcnote&action=edit rcnote] [[MediaWiki_talk:Rcnote|Talk]] </td><td> Below are the last $1 changes in last $2 days. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rcnotefrom&action=edit rcnotefrom] [[MediaWiki_talk:Rcnotefrom|Talk]] </td><td> Below are the changes since $2 (up to $1 shown). </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Readonly&action=edit readonly] [[MediaWiki_talk:Readonly|Talk]] </td><td> Database locked </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Readonlytext&action=edit readonlytext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Readonlytext|Talk]] </td><td> The database is currently locked to new entries and other modifications, probably for routine database maintenance, after which it will be back to normal. The administrator who locked it offered this explanation: $1 </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Readonlywarning&action=edit readonlywarning] [[MediaWiki_talk:Readonlywarning|Talk]] </td><td> WARNING: The database has been locked for maintenance, so you will not be able to save your edits right now. You may wish to cut-n-paste the text into a text file and save it for later. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Recentchanges&action=edit recentchanges] [[MediaWiki_talk:Recentchanges|Talk]] </td><td> Recent changes </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Recentchangescount&action=edit recentchangescount] [[MediaWiki_talk:Recentchangescount|Talk]] </td><td> Number of titles in recent changes </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Recentchangeslinked&action=edit recentchangeslinked] [[MediaWiki_talk:Recentchangeslinked|Talk]] </td><td> Related changes </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Recentchangestext&action=edit recentchangestext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Recentchangestext|Talk]] </td><td> Track the most recent changes to the wiki on this page. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Redirectedfrom&action=edit redirectedfrom] [[MediaWiki_talk:Redirectedfrom|Talk]] </td><td> (Redirected from $1) </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Remembermypassword&action=edit remembermypassword] [[MediaWiki_talk:Remembermypassword|Talk]] </td><td> Remember my password across sessions. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Removechecked&action=edit removechecked] [[MediaWiki_talk:Removechecked|Talk]] </td><td> Remove checked items from watchlist </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Removedwatch&action=edit removedwatch] [[MediaWiki_talk:Removedwatch|Talk]] </td><td> Removed from watchlist </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Removedwatchtext&action=edit removedwatchtext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Removedwatchtext|Talk]] </td><td> The page "$1" has been removed from your watchlist. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Removingchecked&action=edit removingchecked] [[MediaWiki_talk:Removingchecked|Talk]] </td><td> Removing requested items from watchlist... </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Resetprefs&action=edit resetprefs] [[MediaWiki_talk:Resetprefs|Talk]] </td><td> Reset preferences </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Restorelink&action=edit restorelink] [[MediaWiki_talk:Restorelink|Talk]] </td><td> $1 deleted edits </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Resultsperpage&action=edit resultsperpage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Resultsperpage|Talk]] </td><td> Hits to show per page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Retrievedfrom&action=edit retrievedfrom] [[MediaWiki_talk:Retrievedfrom|Talk]] </td><td> Retrieved from "$1" </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Returnto&action=edit returnto] [[MediaWiki_talk:Returnto|Talk]] </td><td> Return to $1. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Retypenew&action=edit retypenew] [[MediaWiki_talk:Retypenew|Talk]] </td><td> Retype new password </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Reupload&action=edit reupload] [[MediaWiki_talk:Reupload|Talk]] </td><td> Re-upload </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Reuploaddesc&action=edit reuploaddesc] [[MediaWiki_talk:Reuploaddesc|Talk]] </td><td> Return to the upload form. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Reverted&action=edit reverted] [[MediaWiki_talk:Reverted|Talk]] </td><td> Reverted to earlier revision </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revertimg&action=edit revertimg] [[MediaWiki_talk:Revertimg|Talk]] </td><td> rev </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revertpage&action=edit revertpage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Revertpage|Talk]] </td><td> Reverted edit of $2, changed back to last version by $1 </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revhistory&action=edit revhistory] [[MediaWiki_talk:Revhistory|Talk]] </td><td> Revision history </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revisionasof&action=edit revisionasof] [[MediaWiki_talk:Revisionasof|Talk]] </td><td> Revision as of $1 </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revnotfound&action=edit revnotfound] [[MediaWiki_talk:Revnotfound|Talk]] </td><td> Revision not found </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revnotfoundtext&action=edit revnotfoundtext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Revnotfoundtext|Talk]] </td><td> The old revision of the page you asked for could not be found. Please check the URL you used to access this page. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rfcurl&action=edit rfcurl] [[MediaWiki_talk:Rfcurl|Talk]] </td><td> http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc$1.html </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rights&action=edit rights] [[MediaWiki_talk:Rights|Talk]] </td><td> Rights: </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rollback&action=edit rollback] [[MediaWiki_talk:Rollback|Talk]] </td><td> Roll back edits </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rollback_short&action=edit rollback_short] [[MediaWiki_talk:Rollback_short|Talk]] </td><td> Rollback </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rollbackfailed&action=edit rollbackfailed] [[MediaWiki_talk:Rollbackfailed|Talk]] </td><td> Rollback failed </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rollbacklink&action=edit rollbacklink] [[MediaWiki_talk:Rollbacklink|Talk]] </td><td> rollback </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rows&action=edit rows] [[MediaWiki_talk:Rows|Talk]] </td><td> Rows </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Savearticle&action=edit savearticle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Savearticle|Talk]] </td><td> Save page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Savedprefs&action=edit savedprefs] [[MediaWiki_talk:Savedprefs|Talk]] </td><td> Your preferences have been saved. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Savefile&action=edit savefile] [[MediaWiki_talk:Savefile|Talk]] </td><td> Save file </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Saveprefs&action=edit saveprefs] [[MediaWiki_talk:Saveprefs|Talk]] </td><td> Save preferences </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Search&action=edit search] [[MediaWiki_talk:Search|Talk]] </td><td> Search </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchdisabled&action=edit searchdisabled] [[MediaWiki_talk:Searchdisabled|Talk]] </td><td> Sorry! Full text search has been disabled temporarily, for performance reasons. In the meantime, you can use the Google search below, which may be out of date. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchhelppage&action=edit searchhelppage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Searchhelppage|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia:Searching </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchingwikipedia&action=edit searchingwikipedia] [[MediaWiki_talk:Searchingwikipedia|Talk]] </td><td> Searching MediaWiki </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchquery&action=edit searchquery] [[MediaWiki_talk:Searchquery|Talk]] </td><td> For query "$1" </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchresults&action=edit searchresults] [[MediaWiki_talk:Searchresults|Talk]] </td><td> Search results </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchresultshead&action=edit searchresultshead] [[MediaWiki_talk:Searchresultshead|Talk]] </td><td> Search result settings </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchresulttext&action=edit searchresulttext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Searchresulttext|Talk]] </td><td> For more information about searching MediaWiki, see $1. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sectionedit&action=edit sectionedit] [[MediaWiki_talk:Sectionedit|Talk]] </td><td> (section) </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Selectnewerversionfordiff&action=edit selectnewerversionfordiff] [[MediaWiki_talk:Selectnewerversionfordiff|Talk]] </td><td> Select a newer version for comparison </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Selectolderversionfordiff&action=edit selectolderversionfordiff] [[MediaWiki_talk:Selectolderversionfordiff|Talk]] </td><td> Select an older version for comparison </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Selectonly&action=edit selectonly] [[MediaWiki_talk:Selectonly|Talk]] </td><td> Only read-only queries are allowed. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Selflinks&action=edit selflinks] [[MediaWiki_talk:Selflinks|Talk]] </td><td> Pages with Self Links </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Selflinkstext&action=edit selflinkstext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Selflinkstext|Talk]] </td><td> The following pages contain a link to themselves, which they should not. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Seriousxhtmlerrors&action=edit seriousxhtmlerrors] [[MediaWiki_talk:Seriousxhtmlerrors|Talk]] </td><td> There were serious xhtml markup errors detected by tidy. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Servertime&action=edit servertime] [[MediaWiki_talk:Servertime|Talk]] </td><td> Server time is now </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Set_rights_fail&action=edit set_rights_fail] [[MediaWiki_talk:Set_rights_fail|Talk]] </td><td> User rights for "$1" could not be set. (Did you enter the name correctly?) </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Set_user_rights&action=edit set_user_rights] [[MediaWiki_talk:Set_user_rights|Talk]] </td><td> Set user rights </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Setbureaucratflag&action=edit setbureaucratflag] [[MediaWiki_talk:Setbureaucratflag|Talk]] </td><td> Set bureaucrat flag </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Shortpages&action=edit shortpages] [[MediaWiki_talk:Shortpages|Talk]] </td><td> Short pages </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Show&action=edit show] [[MediaWiki_talk:Show|Talk]] </td><td> show </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showhideminor&action=edit showhideminor] [[MediaWiki_talk:Showhideminor|Talk]] </td><td> $1 minor edits | $2 bots | $3 logged in users </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showingresults&action=edit showingresults] [[MediaWiki_talk:Showingresults|Talk]] </td><td> Showing below $1 results starting with #$2. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showingresultsnum&action=edit showingresultsnum] [[MediaWiki_talk:Showingresultsnum|Talk]] </td><td> Showing below $3 results starting with #$2. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showlast&action=edit showlast] [[MediaWiki_talk:Showlast|Talk]] </td><td> Show last $1 images sorted $2. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showpreview&action=edit showpreview] [[MediaWiki_talk:Showpreview|Talk]] </td><td> Show preview </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showtoc&action=edit showtoc] [[MediaWiki_talk:Showtoc|Talk]] </td><td> show </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sig_tip&action=edit sig_tip] [[MediaWiki_talk:Sig_tip|Talk]] </td><td> Your signature with timestamp </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitestats&action=edit sitestats] [[MediaWiki_talk:Sitestats|Talk]] </td><td> Site statistics </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitestatstext&action=edit sitestatstext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Sitestatstext|Talk]] </td><td> There are '''$1''' total pages in the database. This includes "talk" pages, pages about MediaWiki, minimal "stub" pages, redirects, and others that probably don't qualify as articles. Excluding those, there are '''$2''' pages that are probably legitimate articles. There have been a total of '''$3''' page views, and '''$4''' page edits since the wiki was setup. That comes to '''$5''' average edits per page, and '''$6''' views per edit. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitesubtitle&action=edit sitesubtitle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Sitesubtitle|Talk]] </td><td> The Free Encyclopedia </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitesupport&action=edit sitesupport] [[MediaWiki_talk:Sitesupport|Talk]] </td><td> Donations </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitetitle&action=edit sitetitle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Sitetitle|Talk]] </td><td> MediaWiki </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Siteuser&action=edit siteuser] [[MediaWiki_talk:Siteuser|Talk]] </td><td> MediaWiki user $1 </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Siteusers&action=edit siteusers] [[MediaWiki_talk:Siteusers|Talk]] </td><td> MediaWiki user(s) $1 </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Skin&action=edit skin] [[MediaWiki_talk:Skin|Talk]] </td><td> Skin </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Specialpage&action=edit specialpage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Specialpage|Talk]] </td><td> Special Page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Specialpages&action=edit specialpages] [[MediaWiki_talk:Specialpages|Talk]] </td><td> Special pages </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Spheading&action=edit spheading] [[MediaWiki_talk:Spheading|Talk]] </td><td> Special pages for all users </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sqlislogged&action=edit sqlislogged] [[MediaWiki_talk:Sqlislogged|Talk]] </td><td> Please note that all queries are logged. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sqlquery&action=edit sqlquery] [[MediaWiki_talk:Sqlquery|Talk]] </td><td> Enter query </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Statistics&action=edit statistics] [[MediaWiki_talk:Statistics|Talk]] </td><td> Statistics </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Storedversion&action=edit storedversion] [[MediaWiki_talk:Storedversion|Talk]] </td><td> Stored version </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Stubthreshold&action=edit stubthreshold] [[MediaWiki_talk:Stubthreshold|Talk]] </td><td> Threshold for stub display </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Subcategories&action=edit subcategories] [[MediaWiki_talk:Subcategories|Talk]] </td><td> Subcategories </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Subject&action=edit subject] [[MediaWiki_talk:Subject|Talk]] </td><td> Subject/headline </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Subjectpage&action=edit subjectpage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Subjectpage|Talk]] </td><td> View subject </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Successfulupload&action=edit successfulupload] [[MediaWiki_talk:Successfulupload|Talk]] </td><td> Successful upload </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Summary&action=edit summary] [[MediaWiki_talk:Summary|Talk]] </td><td> Summary </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sysopspheading&action=edit sysopspheading] [[MediaWiki_talk:Sysopspheading|Talk]] </td><td> For sysop use only </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sysoptext&action=edit sysoptext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Sysoptext|Talk]] </td><td> The action you have requested can only be performed by users with "sysop" status. See $1. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sysoptitle&action=edit sysoptitle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Sysoptitle|Talk]] </td><td> Sysop access required </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tableform&action=edit tableform] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tableform|Talk]] </td><td> table </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talk&action=edit talk] [[MediaWiki_talk:Talk|Talk]] </td><td> Discussion </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talkexists&action=edit talkexists] [[MediaWiki_talk:Talkexists|Talk]] </td><td> The page itself was moved successfully, but the talk page could not be moved because one already exists at the new title. Please merge them manually. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talkpage&action=edit talkpage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Talkpage|Talk]] </td><td> Discuss this page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talkpagemoved&action=edit talkpagemoved] [[MediaWiki_talk:Talkpagemoved|Talk]] </td><td> The corresponding talk page was also moved. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talkpagenotmoved&action=edit talkpagenotmoved] [[MediaWiki_talk:Talkpagenotmoved|Talk]] </td><td> The corresponding talk page was not moved. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talkpagetext&action=edit talkpagetext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Talkpagetext|Talk]] </td><td>  </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Textboxsize&action=edit textboxsize] [[MediaWiki_talk:Textboxsize|Talk]] </td><td> Textbox dimensions </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Textmatches&action=edit textmatches] [[MediaWiki_talk:Textmatches|Talk]] </td><td> Article text matches </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Thisisdeleted&action=edit thisisdeleted] [[MediaWiki_talk:Thisisdeleted|Talk]] </td><td> View or restore $1? </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Thumbnail-more&action=edit thumbnail-more] [[MediaWiki_talk:Thumbnail-more|Talk]] </td><td> Enlarge </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Timezoneoffset&action=edit timezoneoffset] [[MediaWiki_talk:Timezoneoffset|Talk]] </td><td> Offset </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Timezonetext&action=edit timezonetext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Timezonetext|Talk]] </td><td> Enter number of hours your local time differs from server time (UTC). </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Titlematches&action=edit titlematches] [[MediaWiki_talk:Titlematches|Talk]] </td><td> Article title matches </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Toc&action=edit toc] [[MediaWiki_talk:Toc|Talk]] </td><td> Table of contents </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Toolbox&action=edit toolbox] [[MediaWiki_talk:Toolbox|Talk]] </td><td> Toolbox </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-addsection&action=edit tooltip-addsection] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-addsection|Talk]] </td><td> Add a comment to this page. [alt-+] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-anontalk&action=edit tooltip-anontalk] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-anontalk|Talk]] </td><td> Discussion about edits from this ip address [alt-n] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-anonuserpage&action=edit tooltip-anonuserpage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-anonuserpage|Talk]] </td><td> The user page for the ip you're editing as [alt-.] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-article&action=edit tooltip-article] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-article|Talk]] </td><td> View the article [alt-a] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-atom&action=edit tooltip-atom] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-atom|Talk]] </td><td> Atom feed for this page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-compareselectedversions&action=edit tooltip-compareselectedversions] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-compareselectedversions|Talk]] </td><td> See the differences between the two selected versions of this page. [alt-v] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-contributions&action=edit tooltip-contributions] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-contributions|Talk]] </td><td> View the list of contributions of this user </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-currentevents&action=edit tooltip-currentevents] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-currentevents|Talk]] </td><td> Find background information on current events </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-delete&action=edit tooltip-delete] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-delete|Talk]] </td><td> Delete this page [alt-d] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-edit&action=edit tooltip-edit] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-edit|Talk]] </td><td> You can edit this page. Please use the preview button before saving. [alt-e] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-emailuser&action=edit tooltip-emailuser] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-emailuser|Talk]] </td><td> Send a mail to this user </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-help&action=edit tooltip-help] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-help|Talk]] </td><td> The place to find out. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-history&action=edit tooltip-history] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-history|Talk]] </td><td> Past versions of this page, [alt-h] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-login&action=edit tooltip-login] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-login|Talk]] </td><td> You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however. [alt-o] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-logout&action=edit tooltip-logout] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-logout|Talk]] </td><td> Log out [alt-o] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-mainpage&action=edit tooltip-mainpage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-mainpage|Talk]] </td><td> Visit the Main Page [alt-z] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-minoredit&action=edit tooltip-minoredit] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-minoredit|Talk]] </td><td> Mark this as a minor edit [alt-i] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-move&action=edit tooltip-move] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-move|Talk]] </td><td> Move this page [alt-m] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-mycontris&action=edit tooltip-mycontris] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-mycontris|Talk]] </td><td> List of my contributions [alt-y] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-mytalk&action=edit tooltip-mytalk] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-mytalk|Talk]] </td><td> My talk page [alt-n] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-nomove&action=edit tooltip-nomove] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-nomove|Talk]] </td><td> You don't have the permissions to move this page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-portal&action=edit tooltip-portal] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-portal|Talk]] </td><td> About the project, what you can do, where to find things </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-preferences&action=edit tooltip-preferences] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-preferences|Talk]] </td><td> My preferences </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-preview&action=edit tooltip-preview] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-preview|Talk]] </td><td> Preview your changes, please use this before saving! [alt-p] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-protect&action=edit tooltip-protect] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-protect|Talk]] </td><td> Protect this page [alt-=] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-randompage&action=edit tooltip-randompage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-randompage|Talk]] </td><td> Load a random page [alt-x] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-recentchanges&action=edit tooltip-recentchanges] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-recentchanges|Talk]] </td><td> The list of recent changes in the wiki. [alt-r] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-recentchangeslinked&action=edit tooltip-recentchangeslinked] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-recentchangeslinked|Talk]] </td><td> Recent changes in pages linking to this page [alt-c] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-rss&action=edit tooltip-rss] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-rss|Talk]] </td><td> RSS feed for this page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-save&action=edit tooltip-save] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-save|Talk]] </td><td> Save you changes [alt-s] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-search&action=edit tooltip-search] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-search|Talk]] </td><td> Search this wiki [alt-f] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-sitesupport&action=edit tooltip-sitesupport] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-sitesupport|Talk]] </td><td> Support MediaWiki </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-specialpage&action=edit tooltip-specialpage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-specialpage|Talk]] </td><td> This is a special page, you can't edit the page itself. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-specialpages&action=edit tooltip-specialpages] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-specialpages|Talk]] </td><td> List of all special pages [alt-q] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-talk&action=edit tooltip-talk] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-talk|Talk]] </td><td> Discussion about the article [alt-t] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-undelete&action=edit tooltip-undelete] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-undelete|Talk]] </td><td> Restore $1 deleted edits to this page [alt-d] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-unwatch&action=edit tooltip-unwatch] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-unwatch|Talk]] </td><td> Remove this page from your watchlist [alt-w] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-upload&action=edit tooltip-upload] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-upload|Talk]] </td><td> Upload images or media files [alt-u] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-userpage&action=edit tooltip-userpage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-userpage|Talk]] </td><td> My user page [alt-.] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-viewsource&action=edit tooltip-viewsource] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-viewsource|Talk]] </td><td> This page is protected. You can view it's source. [alt-e] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-watch&action=edit tooltip-watch] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-watch|Talk]] </td><td> Add this page to your watchlist [alt-w] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-watchlist&action=edit tooltip-watchlist] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-watchlist|Talk]] </td><td> The list of pages you're monitoring for changes. [alt-l] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-whatlinkshere&action=edit tooltip-whatlinkshere] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-whatlinkshere|Talk]] </td><td> List of all wiki pages that link here [alt-b] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uclinks&action=edit uclinks] [[MediaWiki_talk:Uclinks|Talk]] </td><td> View the last $1 changes; view the last $2 days. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ucnote&action=edit ucnote] [[MediaWiki_talk:Ucnote|Talk]] </td><td> Below are this user's last $1 changes in the last $2 days. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uctop&action=edit uctop] [[MediaWiki_talk:Uctop|Talk]] </td><td> (top) </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unblockip&action=edit unblockip] [[MediaWiki_talk:Unblockip|Talk]] </td><td> Unblock user </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unblockiptext&action=edit unblockiptext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Unblockiptext|Talk]] </td><td> Use the form below to restore write access to a previously blocked IP address or username. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unblocklink&action=edit unblocklink] [[MediaWiki_talk:Unblocklink|Talk]] </td><td> unblock </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unblocklogentry&action=edit unblocklogentry] [[MediaWiki_talk:Unblocklogentry|Talk]] </td><td> unblocked "$1" </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undelete&action=edit undelete] [[MediaWiki_talk:Undelete|Talk]] </td><td> Restore deleted page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undelete_short&action=edit undelete_short] [[MediaWiki_talk:Undelete_short|Talk]] </td><td> Undelete </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletearticle&action=edit undeletearticle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Undeletearticle|Talk]] </td><td> Restore deleted article </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletebtn&action=edit undeletebtn] [[MediaWiki_talk:Undeletebtn|Talk]] </td><td> Restore! </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletedarticle&action=edit undeletedarticle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Undeletedarticle|Talk]] </td><td> restored "$1" </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletedtext&action=edit undeletedtext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Undeletedtext|Talk]] </td><td> The article [[$1]] has been successfully restored. See [[Wikipedia:Deletion_log]] for a record of recent deletions and restorations. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletehistory&action=edit undeletehistory] [[MediaWiki_talk:Undeletehistory|Talk]] </td><td> If you restore the page, all revisions will be restored to the history. If a new page with the same name has been created since the deletion, the restored revisions will appear in the prior history, and the current revision of the live page will not be automatically replaced. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletepage&action=edit undeletepage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Undeletepage|Talk]] </td><td> View and restore deleted pages </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletepagetext&action=edit undeletepagetext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Undeletepagetext|Talk]] </td><td> The following pages have been deleted but are still in the archive and can be restored. The archive may be periodically cleaned out. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeleterevision&action=edit undeleterevision] [[MediaWiki_talk:Undeleterevision|Talk]] </td><td> Deleted revision as of $1 </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeleterevisions&action=edit undeleterevisions] [[MediaWiki_talk:Undeleterevisions|Talk]] </td><td> $1 revisions archived </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unexpected&action=edit unexpected] [[MediaWiki_talk:Unexpected|Talk]] </td><td> Unexpected value: "$1"="$2". </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockbtn&action=edit unlockbtn] [[MediaWiki_talk:Unlockbtn|Talk]] </td><td> Unlock database </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockconfirm&action=edit unlockconfirm] [[MediaWiki_talk:Unlockconfirm|Talk]] </td><td> Yes, I really want to unlock the database. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockdb&action=edit unlockdb] [[MediaWiki_talk:Unlockdb|Talk]] </td><td> Unlock database </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockdbsuccesssub&action=edit unlockdbsuccesssub] [[MediaWiki_talk:Unlockdbsuccesssub|Talk]] </td><td> Database lock removed </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockdbsuccesstext&action=edit unlockdbsuccesstext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Unlockdbsuccesstext|Talk]] </td><td> The database has been unlocked. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockdbtext&action=edit unlockdbtext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Unlockdbtext|Talk]] </td><td> Unlocking the database will restore the ability of all users to edit pages, change their preferences, edit their watchlists, and other things requiring changes in the database. Please confirm that this is what you intend to do. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unprotect&action=edit unprotect] [[MediaWiki_talk:Unprotect|Talk]] </td><td> Unprotect </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unprotectcomment&action=edit unprotectcomment] [[MediaWiki_talk:Unprotectcomment|Talk]] </td><td> Reason for unprotecting </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unprotectedarticle&action=edit unprotectedarticle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Unprotectedarticle|Talk]] </td><td> unprotected [[$1]] </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unprotectsub&action=edit unprotectsub] [[MediaWiki_talk:Unprotectsub|Talk]] </td><td> (Unprotecting "$1") </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unprotectthispage&action=edit unprotectthispage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Unprotectthispage|Talk]] </td><td> Unprotect this page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unusedimages&action=edit unusedimages] [[MediaWiki_talk:Unusedimages|Talk]] </td><td> Unused images </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unusedimagestext&action=edit unusedimagestext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Unusedimagestext|Talk]] </td><td> Please note that other web sites may link to an image with a direct URL, and so may still be listed here despite being in active use. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unwatch&action=edit unwatch] [[MediaWiki_talk:Unwatch|Talk]] </td><td> Unwatch </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unwatchthispage&action=edit unwatchthispage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Unwatchthispage|Talk]] </td><td> Stop watching </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Updated&action=edit updated] [[MediaWiki_talk:Updated|Talk]] </td><td> (Updated) </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Upload&action=edit upload] [[MediaWiki_talk:Upload|Talk]] </td><td> Upload file </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadbtn&action=edit uploadbtn] [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadbtn|Talk]] </td><td> Upload file </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploaddisabled&action=edit uploaddisabled] [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploaddisabled|Talk]] </td><td> Sorry, uploading is disabled. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadedfiles&action=edit uploadedfiles] [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadedfiles|Talk]] </td><td> Uploaded files </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadedimage&action=edit uploadedimage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadedimage|Talk]] </td><td> uploaded "$1" </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploaderror&action=edit uploaderror] [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploaderror|Talk]] </td><td> Upload error </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadfile&action=edit uploadfile] [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadfile|Talk]] </td><td> Upload images, sounds, documents etc. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadlink&action=edit uploadlink] [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadlink|Talk]] </td><td> Upload images </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadlog&action=edit uploadlog] [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadlog|Talk]] </td><td> upload log </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadlogpage&action=edit uploadlogpage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadlogpage|Talk]] </td><td> Upload_log </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadlogpagetext&action=edit uploadlogpagetext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadlogpagetext|Talk]] </td><td> Below is a list of the most recent file uploads. All times shown are server time (UTC). <ul> </ul> </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadnologin&action=edit uploadnologin] [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadnologin|Talk]] </td><td> Not logged in </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadnologintext&action=edit uploadnologintext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadnologintext|Talk]] </td><td> You must be <a href="/wiki/Special:Userlogin">logged in</a> to upload files. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadtext&action=edit uploadtext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadtext|Talk]] </td><td> STOP! Before you upload here, make sure to read and follow the <a href="/wiki/Special:Image_use_policy">image use policy</a>. If a file with the name you are specifying already exists on the wiki, it'll be replaced without warning. So unless you mean to update a file, it's a good idea to first check if such a file exists. To view or search previously uploaded images, go to the <a href="/wiki/Special:Imagelist">list of uploaded images</a>. Uploads and deletions are logged on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Upload_log">upload log</a>. Use the form below to upload new image files for use in illustrating your articles. On most browsers, you will see a "Browse..." button, which will bring up your operating system's standard file open dialog. Choosing a file will fill the name of that file into the text field next to the button. You must also check the box affirming that you are not violating any copyrights by uploading the file. Press the "Upload" button to finish the upload. This may take some time if you have a slow internet connection. The preferred formats are JPEG for photographic images, PNG for drawings and other iconic images, and OGG for sounds. Please name your files descriptively to avoid confusion. To include the image in an article, use a link in the form [[Image:file.jpg]] or [[Image:file.ogg]] for sounds. Please note that as with wiki pages, others may edit or delete your uploads if they think it serves the encyclopedia, and you may be blocked from uploading if you abuse the system. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadwarning&action=edit uploadwarning] [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadwarning|Talk]] </td><td> Upload warning </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:User_rights_set&action=edit user_rights_set] [[MediaWiki_talk:User_rights_set|Talk]] </td><td> User rights for "$1" updated </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Usercssjs&action=edit usercssjs] [[MediaWiki_talk:Usercssjs|Talk]] </td><td> '''Note:''' After saving, you have to tell your bowser to get the new version: '''Mozilla:''' click ''reload''(or ''ctrl-r''), '''IE / Opera:''' ''ctrl-f5'', '''Safari:''' ''cmd-r'', '''Konqueror''' ''ctrl-r''. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Usercssjsyoucanpreview&action=edit usercssjsyoucanpreview] [[MediaWiki_talk:Usercssjsyoucanpreview|Talk]] </td><td> Tip: Use the 'Show preview' button to test your new css/js before saving. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Usercsspreview&action=edit usercsspreview] [[MediaWiki_talk:Usercsspreview|Talk]] </td><td> '''Remember that you are only previewing your user css, it has not yet been saved!''' </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userexists&action=edit userexists] [[MediaWiki_talk:Userexists|Talk]] </td><td> The user name you entered is already in use. Please choose a different name. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userjspreview&action=edit userjspreview] [[MediaWiki_talk:Userjspreview|Talk]] </td><td> '''Remember that you are only testing/previewing your user javascript, it has not yet been saved!''' </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userlogin&action=edit userlogin] [[MediaWiki_talk:Userlogin|Talk]] </td><td> Log in </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userlogout&action=edit userlogout] [[MediaWiki_talk:Userlogout|Talk]] </td><td> Log out </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Usermailererror&action=edit usermailererror] [[MediaWiki_talk:Usermailererror|Talk]] </td><td> Mail object returned error: </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userpage&action=edit userpage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Userpage|Talk]] </td><td> View user page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userstats&action=edit userstats] [[MediaWiki_talk:Userstats|Talk]] </td><td> User statistics </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userstatstext&action=edit userstatstext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Userstatstext|Talk]] </td><td> There are '''$1''' registered users. '''$2''' of these are administrators (see $3). </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Version&action=edit version] [[MediaWiki_talk:Version|Talk]] </td><td> Version </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Viewcount&action=edit viewcount] [[MediaWiki_talk:Viewcount|Talk]] </td><td> This page has been accessed $1 times. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Viewprevnext&action=edit viewprevnext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Viewprevnext|Talk]] </td><td> View ($1) ($2) ($3). </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Viewsource&action=edit viewsource] [[MediaWiki_talk:Viewsource|Talk]] </td><td> View source </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Viewtalkpage&action=edit viewtalkpage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Viewtalkpage|Talk]] </td><td> View discussion </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wantedpages&action=edit wantedpages] [[MediaWiki_talk:Wantedpages|Talk]] </td><td> Wanted pages </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watch&action=edit watch] [[MediaWiki_talk:Watch|Talk]] </td><td> Watch </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchdetails&action=edit watchdetails] [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchdetails|Talk]] </td><td> ($1 pages watched not counting talk pages; $2 total pages edited since cutoff; $3... <a href='$4'>show and edit complete list</a>.) </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watcheditlist&action=edit watcheditlist] [[MediaWiki_talk:Watcheditlist|Talk]] </td><td> Here's an alphabetical list of your watched pages. Check the boxes of pages you want to remove from your watchlist and click the 'remove checked' button at the bottom of the screen. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchlist&action=edit watchlist] [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchlist|Talk]] </td><td> My watchlist </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchlistcontains&action=edit watchlistcontains] [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchlistcontains|Talk]] </td><td> Your watchlist contains $1 pages. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchlistsub&action=edit watchlistsub] [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchlistsub|Talk]] </td><td> (for user "$1") </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchmethod-list&action=edit watchmethod-list] [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchmethod-list|Talk]] </td><td> checking watched pages for recent edits </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchmethod-recent&action=edit watchmethod-recent] [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchmethod-recent|Talk]] </td><td> checking recent edits for watched pages </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchnochange&action=edit watchnochange] [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchnochange|Talk]] </td><td> None of your watched items were edited in the time period displayed. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchnologin&action=edit watchnologin] [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchnologin|Talk]] </td><td> Not logged in </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchnologintext&action=edit watchnologintext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchnologintext|Talk]] </td><td> You must be <a href="/wiki/Special:Userlogin">logged in</a> to modify your watchlist. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchthis&action=edit watchthis] [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchthis|Talk]] </td><td> Watch this article </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchthispage&action=edit watchthispage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchthispage|Talk]] </td><td> Watch this page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Welcomecreation&action=edit welcomecreation] [[MediaWiki_talk:Welcomecreation|Talk]] </td><td> <h2>Welcome, $1!</h2>Your account has been created. Don't forget to change your MediaWiki preferences. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whatlinkshere&action=edit whatlinkshere] [[MediaWiki_talk:Whatlinkshere|Talk]] </td><td> What links here </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistacctext&action=edit whitelistacctext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Whitelistacctext|Talk]] </td><td> To be allowed to create accounts in this Wiki you have to [[Special:Userlogin|log]] in and have the appropriate permissions. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistacctitle&action=edit whitelistacctitle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Whitelistacctitle|Talk]] </td><td> You are not allowed to create an account </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistedittext&action=edit whitelistedittext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Whitelistedittext|Talk]] </td><td> You have to [[Special:Userlogin|login]] to edit articles. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistedittitle&action=edit whitelistedittitle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Whitelistedittitle|Talk]] </td><td> Login required to edit </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistreadtext&action=edit whitelistreadtext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Whitelistreadtext|Talk]] </td><td> You have to [[Special:Userlogin|login]] to read articles. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistreadtitle&action=edit whitelistreadtitle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Whitelistreadtitle|Talk]] </td><td> Login required to read </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wikipediapage&action=edit wikipediapage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Wikipediapage|Talk]] </td><td> View meta page </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wikititlesuffix&action=edit wikititlesuffix] [[MediaWiki_talk:Wikititlesuffix|Talk]] </td><td> MediaWiki </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wlnote&action=edit wlnote] [[MediaWiki_talk:Wlnote|Talk]] </td><td> Below are the last $1 changes in the last $2 hours. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wlsaved&action=edit wlsaved] [[MediaWiki_talk:Wlsaved|Talk]] </td><td> This is a saved version of your watchlist. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wlshowlast&action=edit wlshowlast] [[MediaWiki_talk:Wlshowlast|Talk]] </td><td> Show last $1 hours $2 days $3 </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wrong_wfQuery_params&action=edit wrong_wfQuery_params] [[MediaWiki_talk:Wrong_wfQuery_params|Talk]] </td><td> Incorrect parameters to wfQuery() Function: $1 Query: $2 </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wrongpassword&action=edit wrongpassword] [[MediaWiki_talk:Wrongpassword|Talk]] </td><td> The password you entered is incorrect. Please try again. </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourdiff&action=edit yourdiff] [[MediaWiki_talk:Yourdiff|Talk]] </td><td> Differences </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Youremail&action=edit youremail] [[MediaWiki_talk:Youremail|Talk]] </td><td> Your email* </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourname&action=edit yourname] [[MediaWiki_talk:Yourname|Talk]] </td><td> Your user name </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yournick&action=edit yournick] [[MediaWiki_talk:Yournick|Talk]] </td><td> Your nickname (for signatures) </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourpassword&action=edit yourpassword] [[MediaWiki_talk:Yourpassword|Talk]] </td><td> Your password </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourpasswordagain&action=edit yourpasswordagain] [[MediaWiki_talk:Yourpasswordagain|Talk]] </td><td> Retype password </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourrealname&action=edit yourrealname] [[MediaWiki_talk:Yourrealname|Talk]] </td><td> Your real name* </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourtext&action=edit yourtext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Yourtext|Talk]] </td><td> Your text </td><td> MSGNW: </td></tr></table> 3401 2004-06-02T10:09:49Z MediaWiki default {{int:allmessagestext}} <table border=1 width=100%><tr><td> '''Name''' </td><td> '''Default text''' </td><td> '''Current text''' </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:1movedto2&action=edit 1movedto2] [[MediaWiki_talk:1movedto2|Talk]] </td><td> $1 moved to $2 </td><td> {{int:1movedto2}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:About&action=edit about] [[MediaWiki_talk:About|Talk]] </td><td> About </td><td> {{int:About}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Aboutpage&action=edit aboutpage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Aboutpage|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia:About </td><td> {{int:Aboutpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Aboutwikipedia&action=edit aboutwikipedia] [[MediaWiki_talk:Aboutwikipedia|Talk]] </td><td> About Wikipedia </td><td> {{int:Aboutwikipedia}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-addsection&action=edit accesskey-addsection] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-addsection|Talk]] </td><td> + </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-addsection}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-anontalk&action=edit accesskey-anontalk] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-anontalk|Talk]] </td><td> n </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-anontalk}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-anonuserpage&action=edit accesskey-anonuserpage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-anonuserpage|Talk]] </td><td> . </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-anonuserpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-article&action=edit accesskey-article] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-article|Talk]] </td><td> a </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-article}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-compareselectedversions&action=edit accesskey-compareselectedversions] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-compareselectedversions|Talk]] </td><td> v </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-compareselectedversions}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-contributions&action=edit accesskey-contributions] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-contributions|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;accesskey-contributions&gt; </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-contributions}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-currentevents&action=edit accesskey-currentevents] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-currentevents|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;accesskey-currentevents&gt; </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-currentevents}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-delete&action=edit accesskey-delete] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-delete|Talk]] </td><td> d </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-delete}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-edit&action=edit accesskey-edit] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-edit|Talk]] </td><td> e </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-edit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-emailuser&action=edit accesskey-emailuser] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-emailuser|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;accesskey-emailuser&gt; </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-emailuser}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-help&action=edit accesskey-help] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-help|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;accesskey-help&gt; </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-help}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-history&action=edit accesskey-history] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-history|Talk]] </td><td> h </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-history}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-login&action=edit accesskey-login] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-login|Talk]] </td><td> o </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-login}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-logout&action=edit accesskey-logout] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-logout|Talk]] </td><td> o </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-logout}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-mainpage&action=edit accesskey-mainpage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-mainpage|Talk]] </td><td> z </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-mainpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-minoredit&action=edit accesskey-minoredit] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-minoredit|Talk]] </td><td> i </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-minoredit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-move&action=edit accesskey-move] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-move|Talk]] </td><td> m </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-move}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-mycontris&action=edit accesskey-mycontris] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-mycontris|Talk]] </td><td> y </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-mycontris}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-mytalk&action=edit accesskey-mytalk] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-mytalk|Talk]] </td><td> n </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-mytalk}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-portal&action=edit accesskey-portal] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-portal|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;accesskey-portal&gt; </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-portal}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-preferences&action=edit accesskey-preferences] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-preferences|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;accesskey-preferences&gt; </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-preferences}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-preview&action=edit accesskey-preview] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-preview|Talk]] </td><td> p </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-preview}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-protect&action=edit accesskey-protect] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-protect|Talk]] </td><td> = </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-protect}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-randompage&action=edit accesskey-randompage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-randompage|Talk]] </td><td> x </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-randompage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-recentchanges&action=edit accesskey-recentchanges] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-recentchanges|Talk]] </td><td> r </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-recentchanges}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-recentchangeslinked&action=edit accesskey-recentchangeslinked] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-recentchangeslinked|Talk]] </td><td> c </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-recentchangeslinked}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-save&action=edit accesskey-save] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-save|Talk]] </td><td> s </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-save}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-search&action=edit accesskey-search] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-search|Talk]] </td><td> f </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-search}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-sitesupport&action=edit accesskey-sitesupport] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-sitesupport|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;accesskey-sitesupport&gt; </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-sitesupport}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-specialpage&action=edit accesskey-specialpage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-specialpage|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;accesskey-specialpage&gt; </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-specialpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-specialpages&action=edit accesskey-specialpages] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-specialpages|Talk]] </td><td> q </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-specialpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-talk&action=edit accesskey-talk] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-talk|Talk]] </td><td> t </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-talk}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-undelete&action=edit accesskey-undelete] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-undelete|Talk]] </td><td> d </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-undelete}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-unwatch&action=edit accesskey-unwatch] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-unwatch|Talk]] </td><td> w </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-unwatch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-upload&action=edit accesskey-upload] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-upload|Talk]] </td><td> u </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-upload}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-userpage&action=edit accesskey-userpage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-userpage|Talk]] </td><td> . </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-userpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-viewsource&action=edit accesskey-viewsource] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-viewsource|Talk]] </td><td> e </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-viewsource}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-watch&action=edit accesskey-watch] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-watch|Talk]] </td><td> w </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-watch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-watchlist&action=edit accesskey-watchlist] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-watchlist|Talk]] </td><td> l </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-watchlist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-whatlinkshere&action=edit accesskey-whatlinkshere] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-whatlinkshere|Talk]] </td><td> b </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-whatlinkshere}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accmailtext&action=edit accmailtext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accmailtext|Talk]] </td><td> The Password for '$1' has been sent to $2. </td><td> {{int:Accmailtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accmailtitle&action=edit accmailtitle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Accmailtitle|Talk]] </td><td> Password sent. </td><td> {{int:Accmailtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Actioncomplete&action=edit actioncomplete] [[MediaWiki_talk:Actioncomplete|Talk]] </td><td> Action complete </td><td> {{int:Actioncomplete}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Addedwatch&action=edit addedwatch] [[MediaWiki_talk:Addedwatch|Talk]] </td><td> Added to watchlist </td><td> {{int:Addedwatch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Addedwatchtext&action=edit addedwatchtext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Addedwatchtext|Talk]] </td><td> The page "$1" has been added to your [[Special:Watchlist|watchlist]]. Future changes to this page and its associated Talk page will be listed there, and the page will appear '''bolded''' in the [[Special:Recentchanges|list of recent changes]] to make it easier to pick out. If you want to remove the page from your watchlist later, click "Stop watching" in the sidebar. </td><td> {{int:Addedwatchtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Addsection&action=edit addsection] [[MediaWiki_talk:Addsection|Talk]] </td><td> + </td><td> {{int:Addsection}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Administrators&action=edit administrators] [[MediaWiki_talk:Administrators|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia:Administrators </td><td> {{int:Administrators}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Affirmation&action=edit affirmation] [[MediaWiki_talk:Affirmation|Talk]] </td><td> I affirm that the copyright holder of this file agrees to license it under the terms of the $1. </td><td> {{int:Affirmation}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:All&action=edit all] [[MediaWiki_talk:All|Talk]] </td><td> all </td><td> {{int:All}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Allmessages&action=edit allmessages] [[MediaWiki_talk:Allmessages|Talk]] </td><td> All system messages </td><td> {{int:Allmessages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Allmessagestext&action=edit allmessagestext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Allmessagestext|Talk]] </td><td> This is a list of all system messages available in the MediaWiki: namespace. </td><td> {{int:Allmessagestext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Allpages&action=edit allpages] [[MediaWiki_talk:Allpages|Talk]] </td><td> All pages </td><td> {{int:Allpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Alphaindexline&action=edit alphaindexline] [[MediaWiki_talk:Alphaindexline|Talk]] </td><td> $1 to $2 </td><td> {{int:Alphaindexline}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Alreadyloggedin&action=edit alreadyloggedin] [[MediaWiki_talk:Alreadyloggedin|Talk]] </td><td> User $1, you are already logged in! </td><td> {{int:Alreadyloggedin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Alreadyrolled&action=edit alreadyrolled] [[MediaWiki_talk:Alreadyrolled|Talk]] </td><td> Cannot rollback last edit of [[$1]] by [[User:$2|$2]] ([[User talk:$2|Talk]]); someone else has edited or rolled back the page already. Last edit was by [[User:$3|$3]] ([[User talk:$3|Talk]]). </td><td> {{int:Alreadyrolled}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ancientpages&action=edit ancientpages] [[MediaWiki_talk:Ancientpages|Talk]] </td><td> Oldest pages </td><td> {{int:Ancientpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:And&action=edit and] [[MediaWiki_talk:And|Talk]] </td><td> and </td><td> {{int:And}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Anontalk&action=edit anontalk] [[MediaWiki_talk:Anontalk|Talk]] </td><td> Talk for this IP </td><td> {{int:Anontalk}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Anontalkpagetext&action=edit anontalkpagetext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Anontalkpagetext|Talk]] </td><td> ----''This is the discussion page for an anonymous user who has not created an account yet or who does not use it. We therefore have to use the numerical [[IP address]] to identify him/her. Such an IP address can be shared by several users. If you are an anonymous user and feel that irrelevant comments have been directed at you, please [[Special:Userlogin|create an account or log in]] to avoid future confusion with other anonymous users.'' </td><td> {{int:Anontalkpagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Anonymous&action=edit anonymous] [[MediaWiki_talk:Anonymous|Talk]] </td><td> Anonymous user(s) of Wikipedia </td><td> {{int:Anonymous}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Article&action=edit article] [[MediaWiki_talk:Article|Talk]] </td><td> Content page </td><td> {{int:Article}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Articleexists&action=edit articleexists] [[MediaWiki_talk:Articleexists|Talk]] </td><td> A page of that name already exists, or the name you have chosen is not valid. Please choose another name. </td><td> {{int:Articleexists}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Articlepage&action=edit articlepage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Articlepage|Talk]] </td><td> View content page </td><td> {{int:Articlepage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Asksql&action=edit asksql] [[MediaWiki_talk:Asksql|Talk]] </td><td> SQL query </td><td> {{int:Asksql}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Asksqltext&action=edit asksqltext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Asksqltext|Talk]] </td><td> Use the form below to make a direct query of the database. Use single quotes ('like this') to delimit string literals. This can often add considerable load to the server, so please use this function sparingly. </td><td> {{int:Asksqltext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Autoblocker&action=edit autoblocker] [[MediaWiki_talk:Autoblocker|Talk]] </td><td> Autoblocked because you share an IP address with "$1". Reason "$2". </td><td> {{int:Autoblocker}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badarticleerror&action=edit badarticleerror] [[MediaWiki_talk:Badarticleerror|Talk]] </td><td> This action cannot be performed on this page. </td><td> {{int:Badarticleerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badfilename&action=edit badfilename] [[MediaWiki_talk:Badfilename|Talk]] </td><td> Image name has been changed to "$1". </td><td> {{int:Badfilename}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badfiletype&action=edit badfiletype] [[MediaWiki_talk:Badfiletype|Talk]] </td><td> ".$1" is not a recommended image file format. </td><td> {{int:Badfiletype}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badipaddress&action=edit badipaddress] [[MediaWiki_talk:Badipaddress|Talk]] </td><td> Invalid IP address </td><td> {{int:Badipaddress}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badquery&action=edit badquery] [[MediaWiki_talk:Badquery|Talk]] </td><td> Badly formed search query </td><td> {{int:Badquery}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badquerytext&action=edit badquerytext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Badquerytext|Talk]] </td><td> We could not process your query. This is probably because you have attempted to search for a word fewer than three letters long, which is not yet supported. It could also be that you have mistyped the expression, for example "fish and and scales". Please try another query. </td><td> {{int:Badquerytext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badretype&action=edit badretype] [[MediaWiki_talk:Badretype|Talk]] </td><td> The passwords you entered do not match. </td><td> {{int:Badretype}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badtitle&action=edit badtitle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Badtitle|Talk]] </td><td> Bad title </td><td> {{int:Badtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badtitletext&action=edit badtitletext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Badtitletext|Talk]] </td><td> The requested page title was invalid, empty, or an incorrectly linked inter-language or inter-wiki title. </td><td> {{int:Badtitletext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blanknamespace&action=edit blanknamespace] [[MediaWiki_talk:Blanknamespace|Talk]] </td><td> (Main) </td><td> {{int:Blanknamespace}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockedtext&action=edit blockedtext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Blockedtext|Talk]] </td><td> Your user name or IP address has been blocked by $1. The reason given is this: ''$2''You may contact $1 or one of the other [[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrators]] to discuss the block. Note that you may not use the "email this user" feature unless you have a valid email address registered in your [[Special:Preferences|user preferences]]. Your IP address is $3. Please include this address in any queries you make. </td><td> {{int:Blockedtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockedtitle&action=edit blockedtitle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Blockedtitle|Talk]] </td><td> User is blocked </td><td> {{int:Blockedtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockip&action=edit blockip] [[MediaWiki_talk:Blockip|Talk]] </td><td> Block user </td><td> {{int:Blockip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockipsuccesssub&action=edit blockipsuccesssub] [[MediaWiki_talk:Blockipsuccesssub|Talk]] </td><td> Block succeeded </td><td> {{int:Blockipsuccesssub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockipsuccesstext&action=edit blockipsuccesstext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Blockipsuccesstext|Talk]] </td><td> "$1" has been blocked. See [[Special:Ipblocklist|IP block list]] to review blocks. </td><td> {{int:Blockipsuccesstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockiptext&action=edit blockiptext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Blockiptext|Talk]] </td><td> Use the form below to block write access from a specific IP address or username. This should be done only only to prevent vandalism, and in accordance with [[Wikipedia:Policy|policy]]. Fill in a specific reason below (for example, citing particular pages that were vandalized). </td><td> {{int:Blockiptext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklink&action=edit blocklink] [[MediaWiki_talk:Blocklink|Talk]] </td><td> block </td><td> {{int:Blocklink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklistline&action=edit blocklistline] [[MediaWiki_talk:Blocklistline|Talk]] </td><td> $1, $2 blocked $3 (expires $4) </td><td> {{int:Blocklistline}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklogentry&action=edit blocklogentry] [[MediaWiki_talk:Blocklogentry|Talk]] </td><td> blocked "$1" with an expiry time of $2 </td><td> {{int:Blocklogentry}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklogpage&action=edit blocklogpage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Blocklogpage|Talk]] </td><td> Block_log </td><td> {{int:Blocklogpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklogtext&action=edit blocklogtext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Blocklogtext|Talk]] </td><td> This is a log of user blocking and unblocking actions. Automatically blocked IP addresses are not be listed. See the [[Special:Ipblocklist|IP block list]] for the list of currently operational bans and blocks. </td><td> {{int:Blocklogtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bold_sample&action=edit bold_sample] [[MediaWiki_talk:Bold_sample|Talk]] </td><td> Bold text </td><td> {{int:Bold_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bold_tip&action=edit bold_tip] [[MediaWiki_talk:Bold_tip|Talk]] </td><td> Bold text </td><td> {{int:Bold_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Booksources&action=edit booksources] [[MediaWiki_talk:Booksources|Talk]] </td><td> Book sources </td><td> {{int:Booksources}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Booksourcetext&action=edit booksourcetext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Booksourcetext|Talk]] </td><td> Below is a list of links to other sites that sell new and used books, and may also have further information about books you are looking for.Wikipedia is not affiliated with any of these businesses, and this list should not be construed as an endorsement. </td><td> {{int:Booksourcetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Brokenredirects&action=edit brokenredirects] [[MediaWiki_talk:Brokenredirects|Talk]] </td><td> Broken Redirects </td><td> {{int:Brokenredirects}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Brokenredirectstext&action=edit brokenredirectstext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Brokenredirectstext|Talk]] </td><td> The following redirects link to a non-existing pages. </td><td> {{int:Brokenredirectstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bugreports&action=edit bugreports] [[MediaWiki_talk:Bugreports|Talk]] </td><td> Bug reports </td><td> {{int:Bugreports}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bugreportspage&action=edit bugreportspage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Bugreportspage|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia:Bug_reports </td><td> {{int:Bugreportspage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bureaucratlog&action=edit bureaucratlog] [[MediaWiki_talk:Bureaucratlog|Talk]] </td><td> Bureaucrat_log </td><td> {{int:Bureaucratlog}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bureaucratlogentry&action=edit bureaucratlogentry] [[MediaWiki_talk:Bureaucratlogentry|Talk]] </td><td> Rights for user "$1" set "$2" </td><td> {{int:Bureaucratlogentry}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bureaucrattext&action=edit bureaucrattext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Bureaucrattext|Talk]] </td><td> The action you have requested can only be performed by sysops with "bureaucrat" status. </td><td> {{int:Bureaucrattext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bureaucrattitle&action=edit bureaucrattitle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Bureaucrattitle|Talk]] </td><td> Bureaucrat access required </td><td> {{int:Bureaucrattitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bydate&action=edit bydate] [[MediaWiki_talk:Bydate|Talk]] </td><td> by date </td><td> {{int:Bydate}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Byname&action=edit byname] [[MediaWiki_talk:Byname|Talk]] </td><td> by name </td><td> {{int:Byname}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bysize&action=edit bysize] [[MediaWiki_talk:Bysize|Talk]] </td><td> by size </td><td> {{int:Bysize}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cachederror&action=edit cachederror] [[MediaWiki_talk:Cachederror|Talk]] </td><td> The following is a cached copy of the requested page, and may not be up to date. </td><td> {{int:Cachederror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cancel&action=edit cancel] [[MediaWiki_talk:Cancel|Talk]] </td><td> Cancel </td><td> {{int:Cancel}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cannotdelete&action=edit cannotdelete] [[MediaWiki_talk:Cannotdelete|Talk]] </td><td> Could not delete the page or image specified. (It may have already been deleted by someone else.) </td><td> {{int:Cannotdelete}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cantrollback&action=edit cantrollback] [[MediaWiki_talk:Cantrollback|Talk]] </td><td> Cannot revert edit; last contributor is only author of this page. </td><td> {{int:Cantrollback}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Categories&action=edit categories] [[MediaWiki_talk:Categories|Talk]] </td><td> Categories </td><td> {{int:Categories}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Category&action=edit category] [[MediaWiki_talk:Category|Talk]] </td><td> category </td><td> {{int:Category}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Category_header&action=edit category_header] [[MediaWiki_talk:Category_header|Talk]] </td><td> Articles in category "$1" </td><td> {{int:Category_header}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Changepassword&action=edit changepassword] [[MediaWiki_talk:Changepassword|Talk]] </td><td> Change password </td><td> {{int:Changepassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Changes&action=edit changes] [[MediaWiki_talk:Changes|Talk]] </td><td> changes </td><td> {{int:Changes}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Columns&action=edit columns] [[MediaWiki_talk:Columns|Talk]] </td><td> Columns </td><td> {{int:Columns}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Commentedit&action=edit commentedit] [[MediaWiki_talk:Commentedit|Talk]] </td><td> (comment) </td><td> {{int:Commentedit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Compareselectedversions&action=edit compareselectedversions] [[MediaWiki_talk:Compareselectedversions|Talk]] </td><td> Compare selected versions </td><td> {{int:Compareselectedversions}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirm&action=edit confirm] [[MediaWiki_talk:Confirm|Talk]] </td><td> Confirm </td><td> {{int:Confirm}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmcheck&action=edit confirmcheck] [[MediaWiki_talk:Confirmcheck|Talk]] </td><td> Yes, I really want to delete this. </td><td> {{int:Confirmcheck}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmdelete&action=edit confirmdelete] [[MediaWiki_talk:Confirmdelete|Talk]] </td><td> Confirm delete </td><td> {{int:Confirmdelete}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmdeletetext&action=edit confirmdeletetext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Confirmdeletetext|Talk]] </td><td> You are about to permanently delete a page or image along with all of its history from the database. Please confirm that you intend to do this, that you understand the consequences, and that you are doing this in accordance with [[Wikipedia:Policy]]. </td><td> {{int:Confirmdeletetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmprotect&action=edit confirmprotect] [[MediaWiki_talk:Confirmprotect|Talk]] </td><td> Confirm protection </td><td> {{int:Confirmprotect}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmprotecttext&action=edit confirmprotecttext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Confirmprotecttext|Talk]] </td><td> Do you really want to protect this page? </td><td> {{int:Confirmprotecttext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmunprotect&action=edit confirmunprotect] [[MediaWiki_talk:Confirmunprotect|Talk]] </td><td> Confirm unprotection </td><td> {{int:Confirmunprotect}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmunprotecttext&action=edit confirmunprotecttext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Confirmunprotecttext|Talk]] </td><td> Do you really want to unprotect this page? </td><td> {{int:Confirmunprotecttext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contextchars&action=edit contextchars] [[MediaWiki_talk:Contextchars|Talk]] </td><td> Characters of context per line </td><td> {{int:Contextchars}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contextlines&action=edit contextlines] [[MediaWiki_talk:Contextlines|Talk]] </td><td> Lines to show per hit </td><td> {{int:Contextlines}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contribslink&action=edit contribslink] [[MediaWiki_talk:Contribslink|Talk]] </td><td> contribs </td><td> {{int:Contribslink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contribsub&action=edit contribsub] [[MediaWiki_talk:Contribsub|Talk]] </td><td> For $1 </td><td> {{int:Contribsub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contributions&action=edit contributions] [[MediaWiki_talk:Contributions|Talk]] </td><td> User contributions </td><td> {{int:Contributions}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Copyright&action=edit copyright] [[MediaWiki_talk:Copyright|Talk]] </td><td> Content is available under $1. </td><td> {{int:Copyright}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Copyrightpage&action=edit copyrightpage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Copyrightpage|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia:Copyrights </td><td> {{int:Copyrightpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Copyrightpagename&action=edit copyrightpagename] [[MediaWiki_talk:Copyrightpagename|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia copyright </td><td> {{int:Copyrightpagename}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Copyrightwarning&action=edit copyrightwarning] [[MediaWiki_talk:Copyrightwarning|Talk]] </td><td> Please note that all contributions to Wikipedia are considered to be released under the GNU Free Documentation License (see $1 for details). If you don't want your writing to be edited mercilessly and redistributed at will, then don't submit it here. You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource. DO NOT SUBMIT COPYRIGHTED WORK WITHOUT PERMISSION! </td><td> {{int:Copyrightwarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Couldntremove&action=edit couldntremove] [[MediaWiki_talk:Couldntremove|Talk]] </td><td> Couldn't remove item '$1'... </td><td> {{int:Couldntremove}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Createaccount&action=edit createaccount] [[MediaWiki_talk:Createaccount|Talk]] </td><td> Create new account </td><td> {{int:Createaccount}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Createaccountmail&action=edit createaccountmail] [[MediaWiki_talk:Createaccountmail|Talk]] </td><td> by email </td><td> {{int:Createaccountmail}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cur&action=edit cur] [[MediaWiki_talk:Cur|Talk]] </td><td> cur </td><td> {{int:Cur}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Currentevents&action=edit currentevents] [[MediaWiki_talk:Currentevents|Talk]] </td><td> Current events </td><td> {{int:Currentevents}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Currentrev&action=edit currentrev] [[MediaWiki_talk:Currentrev|Talk]] </td><td> Current revision </td><td> {{int:Currentrev}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Databaseerror&action=edit databaseerror] [[MediaWiki_talk:Databaseerror|Talk]] </td><td> Database error </td><td> {{int:Databaseerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dateformat&action=edit dateformat] [[MediaWiki_talk:Dateformat|Talk]] </td><td> Date format </td><td> {{int:Dateformat}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dberrortext&action=edit dberrortext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Dberrortext|Talk]] </td><td> A database query syntax error has occurred. This could be because of an illegal search query (see $5), or it may indicate a bug in the software. The last attempted database query was: <blockquote><tt>$1</tt></blockquote> from within function "<tt>$2</tt>". MySQL returned error "<tt>$3: $4</tt>". </td><td> {{int:Dberrortext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dberrortextcl&action=edit dberrortextcl] [[MediaWiki_talk:Dberrortextcl|Talk]] </td><td> A database query syntax error has occurred. The last attempted database query was: "$1" from within function "$2". MySQL returned error "$3: $4". </td><td> {{int:Dberrortextcl}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deadendpages&action=edit deadendpages] [[MediaWiki_talk:Deadendpages|Talk]] </td><td> Dead-end pages </td><td> {{int:Deadendpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Debug&action=edit debug] [[MediaWiki_talk:Debug|Talk]] </td><td> Debug </td><td> {{int:Debug}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Defaultns&action=edit defaultns] [[MediaWiki_talk:Defaultns|Talk]] </td><td> Search in these namespaces by default: </td><td> {{int:Defaultns}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Defemailsubject&action=edit defemailsubject] [[MediaWiki_talk:Defemailsubject|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia e-mail </td><td> {{int:Defemailsubject}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Delete&action=edit delete] [[MediaWiki_talk:Delete|Talk]] </td><td> Delete </td><td> {{int:Delete}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletecomment&action=edit deletecomment] [[MediaWiki_talk:Deletecomment|Talk]] </td><td> Reason for deletion </td><td> {{int:Deletecomment}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletedarticle&action=edit deletedarticle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Deletedarticle|Talk]] </td><td> deleted "$1" </td><td> {{int:Deletedarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletedtext&action=edit deletedtext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Deletedtext|Talk]] </td><td> "$1" has been deleted. See $2 for a record of recent deletions. </td><td> {{int:Deletedtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deleteimg&action=edit deleteimg] [[MediaWiki_talk:Deleteimg|Talk]] </td><td> del </td><td> {{int:Deleteimg}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletepage&action=edit deletepage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Deletepage|Talk]] </td><td> Delete page </td><td> {{int:Deletepage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletesub&action=edit deletesub] [[MediaWiki_talk:Deletesub|Talk]] </td><td> (Deleting "$1") </td><td> {{int:Deletesub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletethispage&action=edit deletethispage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Deletethispage|Talk]] </td><td> Delete this page </td><td> {{int:Deletethispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletionlog&action=edit deletionlog] [[MediaWiki_talk:Deletionlog|Talk]] </td><td> deletion log </td><td> {{int:Deletionlog}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dellogpage&action=edit dellogpage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Dellogpage|Talk]] </td><td> Deletion_log </td><td> {{int:Dellogpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dellogpagetext&action=edit dellogpagetext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Dellogpagetext|Talk]] </td><td> Below is a list of the most recent deletions. All times shown are server time (UTC). <ul> </ul> </td><td> {{int:Dellogpagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Developerspheading&action=edit developerspheading] [[MediaWiki_talk:Developerspheading|Talk]] </td><td> For developer use only </td><td> {{int:Developerspheading}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Developertext&action=edit developertext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Developertext|Talk]] </td><td> The action you have requested can only be performed by users with "developer" status. See $1. </td><td> {{int:Developertext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Developertitle&action=edit developertitle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Developertitle|Talk]] </td><td> Developer access required </td><td> {{int:Developertitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Diff&action=edit diff] [[MediaWiki_talk:Diff|Talk]] </td><td> diff </td><td> {{int:Diff}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Difference&action=edit difference] [[MediaWiki_talk:Difference|Talk]] </td><td> (Difference between revisions) </td><td> {{int:Difference}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disambiguations&action=edit disambiguations] [[MediaWiki_talk:Disambiguations|Talk]] </td><td> Disambiguation pages </td><td> {{int:Disambiguations}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disambiguationspage&action=edit disambiguationspage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Disambiguationspage|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia:Links_to_disambiguating_pages </td><td> {{int:Disambiguationspage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disambiguationstext&action=edit disambiguationstext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Disambiguationstext|Talk]] </td><td> The following pages link to a disambiguation page. They should link to the appropriate topic instead. A page is treated as dismbiguation if it is linked from $1. Links from other namespaces are not listed here. </td><td> {{int:Disambiguationstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disclaimerpage&action=edit disclaimerpage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Disclaimerpage|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia:General_disclaimer </td><td> {{int:Disclaimerpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disclaimers&action=edit disclaimers] [[MediaWiki_talk:Disclaimers|Talk]] </td><td> Disclaimers </td><td> {{int:Disclaimers}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Doubleredirects&action=edit doubleredirects] [[MediaWiki_talk:Doubleredirects|Talk]] </td><td> Double Redirects </td><td> {{int:Doubleredirects}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Doubleredirectstext&action=edit doubleredirectstext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Doubleredirectstext|Talk]] </td><td> Attention: This list may contain false positives. That usually means there is additional text with links below the first #REDIRECT. Each row contains links to the first and second redirect, as well as the first line of the second redirect text, usually giving the "real" target page, which the first redirect should point to. </td><td> {{int:Doubleredirectstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Edit&action=edit edit] [[MediaWiki_talk:Edit|Talk]] </td><td> Edit </td><td> {{int:Edit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editcomment&action=edit editcomment] [[MediaWiki_talk:Editcomment|Talk]] </td><td> The edit comment was: "$1". </td><td> {{int:Editcomment}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editconflict&action=edit editconflict] [[MediaWiki_talk:Editconflict|Talk]] </td><td> Edit conflict: $1 </td><td> {{int:Editconflict}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editcurrent&action=edit editcurrent] [[MediaWiki_talk:Editcurrent|Talk]] </td><td> Edit the current version of this page </td><td> {{int:Editcurrent}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Edithelp&action=edit edithelp] [[MediaWiki_talk:Edithelp|Talk]] </td><td> Editing help </td><td> {{int:Edithelp}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Edithelppage&action=edit edithelppage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Edithelppage|Talk]] </td><td> Help:Editing </td><td> {{int:Edithelppage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editing&action=edit editing] [[MediaWiki_talk:Editing|Talk]] </td><td> Editing $1 </td><td> {{int:Editing}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editingold&action=edit editingold] [[MediaWiki_talk:Editingold|Talk]] </td><td> WARNING: You are editing an out-of-date revision of this page. If you save it, any changes made since this revision will be lost. </td><td> {{int:Editingold}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editsection&action=edit editsection] [[MediaWiki_talk:Editsection|Talk]] </td><td> edit </td><td> {{int:Editsection}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editthispage&action=edit editthispage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Editthispage|Talk]] </td><td> Edit this page </td><td> {{int:Editthispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailflag&action=edit emailflag] [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailflag|Talk]] </td><td> Disable e-mail from other users </td><td> {{int:Emailflag}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailforlost&action=edit emailforlost] [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailforlost|Talk]] </td><td> Fields marked with a star (*) are optional. Storing an email address enables people to contact you through the website without you having to reveal your email address to them, and it can be used to send you a new password if you forget it. Your real name, if you choose to provide it, will be used for giving you attribution for your work. </td><td> {{int:Emailforlost}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailfrom&action=edit emailfrom] [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailfrom|Talk]] </td><td> From </td><td> {{int:Emailfrom}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailmessage&action=edit emailmessage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailmessage|Talk]] </td><td> Message </td><td> {{int:Emailmessage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailpage&action=edit emailpage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailpage|Talk]] </td><td> E-mail user </td><td> {{int:Emailpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailpagetext&action=edit emailpagetext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailpagetext|Talk]] </td><td> If this user has entered a valid e-mail address in his or her user preferences, the form below will send a single message. The e-mail address you entered in your user preferences will appear as the "From" address of the mail, so the recipient will be able to reply. </td><td> {{int:Emailpagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailsend&action=edit emailsend] [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailsend|Talk]] </td><td> Send </td><td> {{int:Emailsend}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailsent&action=edit emailsent] [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailsent|Talk]] </td><td> E-mail sent </td><td> {{int:Emailsent}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailsenttext&action=edit emailsenttext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailsenttext|Talk]] </td><td> Your e-mail message has been sent. </td><td> {{int:Emailsenttext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailsubject&action=edit emailsubject] [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailsubject|Talk]] </td><td> Subject </td><td> {{int:Emailsubject}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailto&action=edit emailto] [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailto|Talk]] </td><td> To </td><td> {{int:Emailto}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailuser&action=edit emailuser] [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailuser|Talk]] </td><td> E-mail this user </td><td> {{int:Emailuser}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Enterlockreason&action=edit enterlockreason] [[MediaWiki_talk:Enterlockreason|Talk]] </td><td> Enter a reason for the lock, including an estimate of when the lock will be released </td><td> {{int:Enterlockreason}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Error&action=edit error] [[MediaWiki_talk:Error|Talk]] </td><td> Error </td><td> {{int:Error}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Errorpagetitle&action=edit errorpagetitle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Errorpagetitle|Talk]] </td><td> Error </td><td> {{int:Errorpagetitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Exbeforeblank&action=edit exbeforeblank] [[MediaWiki_talk:Exbeforeblank|Talk]] </td><td> content before blanking was: </td><td> {{int:Exbeforeblank}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Exblank&action=edit exblank] [[MediaWiki_talk:Exblank|Talk]] </td><td> page was empty </td><td> {{int:Exblank}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Excontent&action=edit excontent] [[MediaWiki_talk:Excontent|Talk]] </td><td> content was: </td><td> {{int:Excontent}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Explainconflict&action=edit explainconflict] [[MediaWiki_talk:Explainconflict|Talk]] </td><td> Someone else has changed this page since you started editing it. The upper text area contains the page text as it currently exists. Your changes are shown in the lower text area. You will have to merge your changes into the existing text. Only the text in the upper text area will be saved when you press "Save page". </td><td> {{int:Explainconflict}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Export&action=edit export] [[MediaWiki_talk:Export|Talk]] </td><td> Export pages </td><td> {{int:Export}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Exportcuronly&action=edit exportcuronly] [[MediaWiki_talk:Exportcuronly|Talk]] </td><td> Include only the current revision, not the full history </td><td> {{int:Exportcuronly}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Exporttext&action=edit exporttext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Exporttext|Talk]] </td><td> You can export the text and editing history of a particular page or set of pages wrapped in some XML; this can then be imported into another wiki running MediaWiki software, transformed, or just kept for your private amusement. </td><td> {{int:Exporttext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Extlink_sample&action=edit extlink_sample] [[MediaWiki_talk:Extlink_sample|Talk]] </td><td> http://www.example.com link title </td><td> {{int:Extlink_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Extlink_tip&action=edit extlink_tip] [[MediaWiki_talk:Extlink_tip|Talk]] </td><td> External link (remember http:// prefix) </td><td> {{int:Extlink_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Faq&action=edit faq] [[MediaWiki_talk:Faq|Talk]] </td><td> FAQ </td><td> {{int:Faq}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Faqpage&action=edit faqpage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Faqpage|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia:FAQ </td><td> {{int:Faqpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Feedlinks&action=edit feedlinks] [[MediaWiki_talk:Feedlinks|Talk]] </td><td> Feed: </td><td> {{int:Feedlinks}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filecopyerror&action=edit filecopyerror] [[MediaWiki_talk:Filecopyerror|Talk]] </td><td> Could not copy file "$1" to "$2". </td><td> {{int:Filecopyerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filedeleteerror&action=edit filedeleteerror] [[MediaWiki_talk:Filedeleteerror|Talk]] </td><td> Could not delete file "$1". </td><td> {{int:Filedeleteerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filedesc&action=edit filedesc] [[MediaWiki_talk:Filedesc|Talk]] </td><td> Summary </td><td> {{int:Filedesc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filename&action=edit filename] [[MediaWiki_talk:Filename|Talk]] </td><td> Filename </td><td> {{int:Filename}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filenotfound&action=edit filenotfound] [[MediaWiki_talk:Filenotfound|Talk]] </td><td> Could not find file "$1". </td><td> {{int:Filenotfound}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filerenameerror&action=edit filerenameerror] [[MediaWiki_talk:Filerenameerror|Talk]] </td><td> Could not rename file "$1" to "$2". </td><td> {{int:Filerenameerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filesource&action=edit filesource] [[MediaWiki_talk:Filesource|Talk]] </td><td> Source </td><td> {{int:Filesource}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filestatus&action=edit filestatus] [[MediaWiki_talk:Filestatus|Talk]] </td><td> Copyright status </td><td> {{int:Filestatus}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Fileuploaded&action=edit fileuploaded] [[MediaWiki_talk:Fileuploaded|Talk]] </td><td> File "$1" uploaded successfully. Please follow this link: $2 to the description page and fill in information about the file, such as where it came from, when it was created and by whom, and anything else you may know about it. </td><td> {{int:Fileuploaded}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Formerror&action=edit formerror] [[MediaWiki_talk:Formerror|Talk]] </td><td> Error: could not submit form </td><td> {{int:Formerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Fromwikipedia&action=edit fromwikipedia] [[MediaWiki_talk:Fromwikipedia|Talk]] </td><td> From Wikipedia </td><td> {{int:Fromwikipedia}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Getimagelist&action=edit getimagelist] [[MediaWiki_talk:Getimagelist|Talk]] </td><td> fetching image list </td><td> {{int:Getimagelist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Go&action=edit go] [[MediaWiki_talk:Go|Talk]] </td><td> Go </td><td> {{int:Go}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Googlesearch&action=edit googlesearch] [[MediaWiki_talk:Googlesearch|Talk]] </td><td>  <FORM method=GET action="http://www.google.com/search"> <TABLE bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><tr><td> <A HREF="http://www.google.com/"> <IMG SRC="http://www.google.com/logos/Logo_40wht.gif" border="0" ALT="Google"></A> </td> <td> <INPUT TYPE=text name=q size=31 maxlength=255 value="$1"> <INPUT type=submit name=btnG VALUE="Google Search"> <input type=hidden name=domains value="{{SERVER}}"> <input type=radio name=sitesearch value=""> WWW <input type=radio name=sitesearch value="{{SERVER}}" checked> {{SERVER}} <input type='hidden' name='ie' value='$2'> <input type='hidden' name='oe' value='$2'> </td></tr></TABLE> </FORM>  </td><td> {{int:Googlesearch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Guesstimezone&action=edit guesstimezone] [[MediaWiki_talk:Guesstimezone|Talk]] </td><td> Fill in from browser </td><td> {{int:Guesstimezone}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Headline_sample&action=edit headline_sample] [[MediaWiki_talk:Headline_sample|Talk]] </td><td> Headline text </td><td> {{int:Headline_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Headline_tip&action=edit headline_tip] [[MediaWiki_talk:Headline_tip|Talk]] </td><td> Level 2 headline </td><td> {{int:Headline_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Help&action=edit help] [[MediaWiki_talk:Help|Talk]] </td><td> Help </td><td> {{int:Help}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Helppage&action=edit helppage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Helppage|Talk]] </td><td> Help:Contents </td><td> {{int:Helppage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Hide&action=edit hide] [[MediaWiki_talk:Hide|Talk]] </td><td> hide </td><td> {{int:Hide}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Hidetoc&action=edit hidetoc] [[MediaWiki_talk:Hidetoc|Talk]] </td><td> hide </td><td> {{int:Hidetoc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Hist&action=edit hist] [[MediaWiki_talk:Hist|Talk]] </td><td> hist </td><td> {{int:Hist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Histlegend&action=edit histlegend] [[MediaWiki_talk:Histlegend|Talk]] </td><td> Diff selection: mark the radio boxes of the versions to compare and hit enter or the button at the bottom. Legend: (cur) = difference with current version, (last) = difference with preceding version, M = minor edit. </td><td> {{int:Histlegend}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:History&action=edit history] [[MediaWiki_talk:History|Talk]] </td><td> Page history </td><td> {{int:History}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:History_short&action=edit history_short] [[MediaWiki_talk:History_short|Talk]] </td><td> History </td><td> {{int:History_short}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Historywarning&action=edit historywarning] [[MediaWiki_talk:Historywarning|Talk]] </td><td> Warning: The page you are about to delete has a history: </td><td> {{int:Historywarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Hr_tip&action=edit hr_tip] [[MediaWiki_talk:Hr_tip|Talk]] </td><td> Horizontal line (use sparingly) </td><td> {{int:Hr_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ignorewarning&action=edit ignorewarning] [[MediaWiki_talk:Ignorewarning|Talk]] </td><td> Ignore warning and save file anyway. </td><td> {{int:Ignorewarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ilshowmatch&action=edit ilshowmatch] [[MediaWiki_talk:Ilshowmatch|Talk]] </td><td> Show all images with names matching </td><td> {{int:Ilshowmatch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ilsubmit&action=edit ilsubmit] [[MediaWiki_talk:Ilsubmit|Talk]] </td><td> Search </td><td> {{int:Ilsubmit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Image_sample&action=edit image_sample] [[MediaWiki_talk:Image_sample|Talk]] </td><td> Example.jpg </td><td> {{int:Image_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Image_tip&action=edit image_tip] [[MediaWiki_talk:Image_tip|Talk]] </td><td> Embedded image </td><td> {{int:Image_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagelinks&action=edit imagelinks] [[MediaWiki_talk:Imagelinks|Talk]] </td><td> Image links </td><td> {{int:Imagelinks}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagelist&action=edit imagelist] [[MediaWiki_talk:Imagelist|Talk]] </td><td> Image list </td><td> {{int:Imagelist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagelisttext&action=edit imagelisttext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Imagelisttext|Talk]] </td><td> Below is a list of $1 images sorted $2. </td><td> {{int:Imagelisttext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagepage&action=edit imagepage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Imagepage|Talk]] </td><td> View image page </td><td> {{int:Imagepage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagereverted&action=edit imagereverted] [[MediaWiki_talk:Imagereverted|Talk]] </td><td> Revert to earlier version was successful. </td><td> {{int:Imagereverted}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imgdelete&action=edit imgdelete] [[MediaWiki_talk:Imgdelete|Talk]] </td><td> del </td><td> {{int:Imgdelete}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imgdesc&action=edit imgdesc] [[MediaWiki_talk:Imgdesc|Talk]] </td><td> desc </td><td> {{int:Imgdesc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imghistlegend&action=edit imghistlegend] [[MediaWiki_talk:Imghistlegend|Talk]] </td><td> Legend: (cur) = this is the current image, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. Click on date to see image uploaded on that date. </td><td> {{int:Imghistlegend}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imghistory&action=edit imghistory] [[MediaWiki_talk:Imghistory|Talk]] </td><td> Image history </td><td> {{int:Imghistory}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imglegend&action=edit imglegend] [[MediaWiki_talk:Imglegend|Talk]] </td><td> Legend: (desc) = show/edit image description. </td><td> {{int:Imglegend}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Import&action=edit import] [[MediaWiki_talk:Import|Talk]] </td><td> Import pages </td><td> {{int:Import}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Importfailed&action=edit importfailed] [[MediaWiki_talk:Importfailed|Talk]] </td><td> Import failed: $1 </td><td> {{int:Importfailed}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Importhistoryconflict&action=edit importhistoryconflict] [[MediaWiki_talk:Importhistoryconflict|Talk]] </td><td> Conflicting history revision exists (may have imported this page before) </td><td> {{int:Importhistoryconflict}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Importnotext&action=edit importnotext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Importnotext|Talk]] </td><td> Empty or no text </td><td> {{int:Importnotext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Importsuccess&action=edit importsuccess] [[MediaWiki_talk:Importsuccess|Talk]] </td><td> Import succeeded! </td><td> {{int:Importsuccess}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Importtext&action=edit importtext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Importtext|Talk]] </td><td> Please export the file from the source wiki using the Special:Export utility, save it to your disk and upload it here. </td><td> {{int:Importtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Infobox&action=edit infobox] [[MediaWiki_talk:Infobox|Talk]] </td><td> Click a button to get an example text </td><td> {{int:Infobox}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Infobox_alert&action=edit infobox_alert] [[MediaWiki_talk:Infobox_alert|Talk]] </td><td> Please enter the text you want to be formatted.\n It will be shown in the infobox for copy and pasting.\nExample:\n$1\nwill become:\n$2 </td><td> {{int:Infobox_alert}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Internalerror&action=edit internalerror] [[MediaWiki_talk:Internalerror|Talk]] </td><td> Internal error </td><td> {{int:Internalerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Intl&action=edit intl] [[MediaWiki_talk:Intl|Talk]] </td><td> Interlanguage links </td><td> {{int:Intl}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ip_range_invalid&action=edit ip_range_invalid] [[MediaWiki_talk:Ip_range_invalid|Talk]] </td><td> Invalid IP range. </td><td> {{int:Ip_range_invalid}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipaddress&action=edit ipaddress] [[MediaWiki_talk:Ipaddress|Talk]] </td><td> IP Address/username </td><td> {{int:Ipaddress}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipb_expiry_invalid&action=edit ipb_expiry_invalid] [[MediaWiki_talk:Ipb_expiry_invalid|Talk]] </td><td> Expiry time invalid. </td><td> {{int:Ipb_expiry_invalid}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipbexpiry&action=edit ipbexpiry] [[MediaWiki_talk:Ipbexpiry|Talk]] </td><td> Expiry </td><td> {{int:Ipbexpiry}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipblocklist&action=edit ipblocklist] [[MediaWiki_talk:Ipblocklist|Talk]] </td><td> List of blocked IP addresses and usernames </td><td> {{int:Ipblocklist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipbreason&action=edit ipbreason] [[MediaWiki_talk:Ipbreason|Talk]] </td><td> Reason </td><td> {{int:Ipbreason}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipbsubmit&action=edit ipbsubmit] [[MediaWiki_talk:Ipbsubmit|Talk]] </td><td> Block this user </td><td> {{int:Ipbsubmit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipusubmit&action=edit ipusubmit] [[MediaWiki_talk:Ipusubmit|Talk]] </td><td> Unblock this address </td><td> {{int:Ipusubmit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipusuccess&action=edit ipusuccess] [[MediaWiki_talk:Ipusuccess|Talk]] </td><td> "$1" unblocked </td><td> {{int:Ipusuccess}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Isbn&action=edit isbn] [[MediaWiki_talk:Isbn|Talk]] </td><td> ISBN </td><td> {{int:Isbn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Isredirect&action=edit isredirect] [[MediaWiki_talk:Isredirect|Talk]] </td><td> redirect page </td><td> {{int:Isredirect}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Italic_sample&action=edit italic_sample] [[MediaWiki_talk:Italic_sample|Talk]] </td><td> Italic text </td><td> {{int:Italic_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Italic_tip&action=edit italic_tip] [[MediaWiki_talk:Italic_tip|Talk]] </td><td> Italic text </td><td> {{int:Italic_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Iteminvalidname&action=edit iteminvalidname] [[MediaWiki_talk:Iteminvalidname|Talk]] </td><td> Problem with item '$1', invalid name... </td><td> {{int:Iteminvalidname}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Largefile&action=edit largefile] [[MediaWiki_talk:Largefile|Talk]] </td><td> It is recommended that images not exceed 100k in size. </td><td> {{int:Largefile}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Last&action=edit last] [[MediaWiki_talk:Last|Talk]] </td><td> last </td><td> {{int:Last}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lastmodified&action=edit lastmodified] [[MediaWiki_talk:Lastmodified|Talk]] </td><td> This page was last modified $1. </td><td> {{int:Lastmodified}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lastmodifiedby&action=edit lastmodifiedby] [[MediaWiki_talk:Lastmodifiedby|Talk]] </td><td> This page was last modified $1 by $2. </td><td> {{int:Lastmodifiedby}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lineno&action=edit lineno] [[MediaWiki_talk:Lineno|Talk]] </td><td> Line $1: </td><td> {{int:Lineno}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Link_sample&action=edit link_sample] [[MediaWiki_talk:Link_sample|Talk]] </td><td> Link title </td><td> {{int:Link_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Link_tip&action=edit link_tip] [[MediaWiki_talk:Link_tip|Talk]] </td><td> Internal link </td><td> {{int:Link_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Linklistsub&action=edit linklistsub] [[MediaWiki_talk:Linklistsub|Talk]] </td><td> (List of links) </td><td> {{int:Linklistsub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Linkshere&action=edit linkshere] [[MediaWiki_talk:Linkshere|Talk]] </td><td> The following pages link to here: </td><td> {{int:Linkshere}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Linkstoimage&action=edit linkstoimage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Linkstoimage|Talk]] </td><td> The following pages link to this image: </td><td> {{int:Linkstoimage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Linktrail&action=edit linktrail] [[MediaWiki_talk:Linktrail|Talk]] </td><td> /^([a-z]+)(.*)$/sD </td><td> {{int:Linktrail}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Listform&action=edit listform] [[MediaWiki_talk:Listform|Talk]] </td><td> list </td><td> {{int:Listform}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Listusers&action=edit listusers] [[MediaWiki_talk:Listusers|Talk]] </td><td> User list </td><td> {{int:Listusers}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loadhist&action=edit loadhist] [[MediaWiki_talk:Loadhist|Talk]] </td><td> Loading page history </td><td> {{int:Loadhist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loadingrev&action=edit loadingrev] [[MediaWiki_talk:Loadingrev|Talk]] </td><td> loading revision for diff </td><td> {{int:Loadingrev}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Localtime&action=edit localtime] [[MediaWiki_talk:Localtime|Talk]] </td><td> Local time display </td><td> {{int:Localtime}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockbtn&action=edit lockbtn] [[MediaWiki_talk:Lockbtn|Talk]] </td><td> Lock database </td><td> {{int:Lockbtn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockconfirm&action=edit lockconfirm] [[MediaWiki_talk:Lockconfirm|Talk]] </td><td> Yes, I really want to lock the database. </td><td> {{int:Lockconfirm}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockdb&action=edit lockdb] [[MediaWiki_talk:Lockdb|Talk]] </td><td> Lock database </td><td> {{int:Lockdb}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockdbsuccesssub&action=edit lockdbsuccesssub] [[MediaWiki_talk:Lockdbsuccesssub|Talk]] </td><td> Database lock succeeded </td><td> {{int:Lockdbsuccesssub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockdbsuccesstext&action=edit lockdbsuccesstext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Lockdbsuccesstext|Talk]] </td><td> The database has been locked. Remember to remove the lock after your maintenance is complete. </td><td> {{int:Lockdbsuccesstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockdbtext&action=edit lockdbtext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Lockdbtext|Talk]] </td><td> Locking the database will suspend the ability of all users to edit pages, change their preferences, edit their watchlists, and other things requiring changes in the database. Please confirm that this is what you intend to do, and that you will unlock the database when your maintenance is done. </td><td> {{int:Lockdbtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Locknoconfirm&action=edit locknoconfirm] [[MediaWiki_talk:Locknoconfirm|Talk]] </td><td> You did not check the confirmation box. </td><td> {{int:Locknoconfirm}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Login&action=edit login] [[MediaWiki_talk:Login|Talk]] </td><td> Log in </td><td> {{int:Login}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginend&action=edit loginend] [[MediaWiki_talk:Loginend|Talk]] </td><td> &nbsp; </td><td> {{int:Loginend}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginerror&action=edit loginerror] [[MediaWiki_talk:Loginerror|Talk]] </td><td> Login error </td><td> {{int:Loginerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginpagetitle&action=edit loginpagetitle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Loginpagetitle|Talk]] </td><td> User login </td><td> {{int:Loginpagetitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginproblem&action=edit loginproblem] [[MediaWiki_talk:Loginproblem|Talk]] </td><td> There has been a problem with your login. Try again! </td><td> {{int:Loginproblem}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginprompt&action=edit loginprompt] [[MediaWiki_talk:Loginprompt|Talk]] </td><td> You must have cookies enabled to log in to Wikipedia. </td><td> {{int:Loginprompt}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginreqtext&action=edit loginreqtext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Loginreqtext|Talk]] </td><td> You must [[special:Userlogin|login]] to view other pages. </td><td> {{int:Loginreqtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginreqtitle&action=edit loginreqtitle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Loginreqtitle|Talk]] </td><td> Login Required </td><td> {{int:Loginreqtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginsuccess&action=edit loginsuccess] [[MediaWiki_talk:Loginsuccess|Talk]] </td><td> You are now logged in to Wikipedia as "$1". </td><td> {{int:Loginsuccess}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginsuccesstitle&action=edit loginsuccesstitle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Loginsuccesstitle|Talk]] </td><td> Login successful </td><td> {{int:Loginsuccesstitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Logout&action=edit logout] [[MediaWiki_talk:Logout|Talk]] </td><td> Log out </td><td> {{int:Logout}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Logouttext&action=edit logouttext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Logouttext|Talk]] </td><td> You are now logged out. You can continue to use Wikipedia anonymously, or you can log in again as the same or as a different user. Note that some pages may continue to be displayed as if you were still logged in, until you clear your browser cache </td><td> {{int:Logouttext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Logouttitle&action=edit logouttitle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Logouttitle|Talk]] </td><td> User logout </td><td> {{int:Logouttitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lonelypages&action=edit lonelypages] [[MediaWiki_talk:Lonelypages|Talk]] </td><td> Orphaned pages </td><td> {{int:Lonelypages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Longpages&action=edit longpages] [[MediaWiki_talk:Longpages|Talk]] </td><td> Long pages </td><td> {{int:Longpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Longpagewarning&action=edit longpagewarning] [[MediaWiki_talk:Longpagewarning|Talk]] </td><td> WARNING: This page is $1 kilobytes long; some browsers may have problems editing pages approaching or longer than 32kb. Please consider breaking the page into smaller sections. </td><td> {{int:Longpagewarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mailerror&action=edit mailerror] [[MediaWiki_talk:Mailerror|Talk]] </td><td> Error sending mail: $1 </td><td> {{int:Mailerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mailmypassword&action=edit mailmypassword] [[MediaWiki_talk:Mailmypassword|Talk]] </td><td> Mail me a new password </td><td> {{int:Mailmypassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mailnologin&action=edit mailnologin] [[MediaWiki_talk:Mailnologin|Talk]] </td><td> No send address </td><td> {{int:Mailnologin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mailnologintext&action=edit mailnologintext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Mailnologintext|Talk]] </td><td> You must be <a href="{{localurl:Special:Userlogin">logged in</a> and have a valid e-mail address in your <a href="/wiki/Special:Preferences">preferences</a> to send e-mail to other users. </td><td> {{int:Mailnologintext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mainpage&action=edit mainpage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Mainpage|Talk]] </td><td> Main Page </td><td> {{int:Mainpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mainpagedocfooter&action=edit mainpagedocfooter] [[MediaWiki_talk:Mainpagedocfooter|Talk]] </td><td> Please see [http://meta.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki_i18n documentation on customizing the interface] and the [http://meta.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki_User%27s_Guide User's Guide] for usage and configuration help. </td><td> {{int:Mainpagedocfooter}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mainpagetext&action=edit mainpagetext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Mainpagetext|Talk]] </td><td> Wiki software successfully installed. </td><td> {{int:Mainpagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Maintenance&action=edit maintenance] [[MediaWiki_talk:Maintenance|Talk]] </td><td> Maintenance page </td><td> {{int:Maintenance}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Maintenancebacklink&action=edit maintenancebacklink] [[MediaWiki_talk:Maintenancebacklink|Talk]] </td><td> Back to Maintenance Page </td><td> {{int:Maintenancebacklink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Maintnancepagetext&action=edit maintnancepagetext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Maintnancepagetext|Talk]] </td><td> This page includes several handy tools for everyday maintenance. Some of these functions tend to stress the database, so please do not hit reload after every item you fixed ;-) </td><td> {{int:Maintnancepagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysop&action=edit makesysop] [[MediaWiki_talk:Makesysop|Talk]] </td><td> Make a user into a sysop </td><td> {{int:Makesysop}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysopfail&action=edit makesysopfail] [[MediaWiki_talk:Makesysopfail|Talk]] </td><td> User "$1" could not be made into a sysop. (Did you enter the name correctly?) </td><td> {{int:Makesysopfail}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysopname&action=edit makesysopname] [[MediaWiki_talk:Makesysopname|Talk]] </td><td> Name of the user: </td><td> {{int:Makesysopname}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysopok&action=edit makesysopok] [[MediaWiki_talk:Makesysopok|Talk]] </td><td> User "$1" is now a sysop </td><td> {{int:Makesysopok}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysopsubmit&action=edit makesysopsubmit] [[MediaWiki_talk:Makesysopsubmit|Talk]] </td><td> Make this user into a sysop </td><td> {{int:Makesysopsubmit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysoptext&action=edit makesysoptext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Makesysoptext|Talk]] </td><td> This form is used by bureaucrats to turn ordinary users into administrators. Type the name of the user in the box and press the button to make the user an administrator </td><td> {{int:Makesysoptext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysoptitle&action=edit makesysoptitle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Makesysoptitle|Talk]] </td><td> Make a user into a sysop </td><td> {{int:Makesysoptitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Matchtotals&action=edit matchtotals] [[MediaWiki_talk:Matchtotals|Talk]] </td><td> The query "$1" matched $2 page titles and the text of $3 pages. </td><td> {{int:Matchtotals}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math&action=edit math] [[MediaWiki_talk:Math|Talk]] </td><td> Rendering math </td><td> {{int:Math}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_bad_output&action=edit math_bad_output] [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_bad_output|Talk]] </td><td> Can't write to or create math output directory </td><td> {{int:Math_bad_output}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_bad_tmpdir&action=edit math_bad_tmpdir] [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_bad_tmpdir|Talk]] </td><td> Can't write to or create math temp directory </td><td> {{int:Math_bad_tmpdir}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_failure&action=edit math_failure] [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_failure|Talk]] </td><td> Failed to parse </td><td> {{int:Math_failure}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_image_error&action=edit math_image_error] [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_image_error|Talk]] </td><td> PNG conversion failed; check for correct installation of latex, dvips, gs, and convert </td><td> {{int:Math_image_error}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_lexing_error&action=edit math_lexing_error] [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_lexing_error|Talk]] </td><td> lexing error </td><td> {{int:Math_lexing_error}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_notexvc&action=edit math_notexvc] [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_notexvc|Talk]] </td><td> Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure. </td><td> {{int:Math_notexvc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_sample&action=edit math_sample] [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_sample|Talk]] </td><td> Insert formula here </td><td> {{int:Math_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_syntax_error&action=edit math_syntax_error] [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_syntax_error|Talk]] </td><td> syntax error </td><td> {{int:Math_syntax_error}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_tip&action=edit math_tip] [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_tip|Talk]] </td><td> Mathematical formula (LaTeX) </td><td> {{int:Math_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_unknown_error&action=edit math_unknown_error] [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_unknown_error|Talk]] </td><td> unknown error </td><td> {{int:Math_unknown_error}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_unknown_function&action=edit math_unknown_function] [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_unknown_function|Talk]] </td><td> unknown function </td><td> {{int:Math_unknown_function}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Media_sample&action=edit media_sample] [[MediaWiki_talk:Media_sample|Talk]] </td><td> Example.mp3 </td><td> {{int:Media_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Media_tip&action=edit media_tip] [[MediaWiki_talk:Media_tip|Talk]] </td><td> Media file link </td><td> {{int:Media_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Minlength&action=edit minlength] [[MediaWiki_talk:Minlength|Talk]] </td><td> Image names must be at least three letters. </td><td> {{int:Minlength}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Minoredit&action=edit minoredit] [[MediaWiki_talk:Minoredit|Talk]] </td><td> This is a minor edit </td><td> {{int:Minoredit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Minoreditletter&action=edit minoreditletter] [[MediaWiki_talk:Minoreditletter|Talk]] </td><td> M </td><td> {{int:Minoreditletter}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mispeelings&action=edit mispeelings] [[MediaWiki_talk:Mispeelings|Talk]] </td><td> Pages with misspellings </td><td> {{int:Mispeelings}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mispeelingspage&action=edit mispeelingspage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Mispeelingspage|Talk]] </td><td> List of common misspellings </td><td> {{int:Mispeelingspage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mispeelingstext&action=edit mispeelingstext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Mispeelingstext|Talk]] </td><td> The following pages contain a common misspelling, which are listed on $1. The correct spelling might be given (like this). </td><td> {{int:Mispeelingstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Missingarticle&action=edit missingarticle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Missingarticle|Talk]] </td><td> The database did not find the text of a page that it should have found, named "$1". This is usually caused by following an outdated diff or history link to a page that has been deleted. If this is not the case, you may have found a bug in the software. Please report this to an administrator, making note of the URL. </td><td> {{int:Missingarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Missingimage&action=edit missingimage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Missingimage|Talk]] </td><td> Missing image $1 </td><td> {{int:Missingimage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Missinglanguagelinks&action=edit missinglanguagelinks] [[MediaWiki_talk:Missinglanguagelinks|Talk]] </td><td> Missing Language Links </td><td> {{int:Missinglanguagelinks}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Missinglanguagelinksbutton&action=edit missinglanguagelinksbutton] [[MediaWiki_talk:Missinglanguagelinksbutton|Talk]] </td><td> Find missing language links for </td><td> {{int:Missinglanguagelinksbutton}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Missinglanguagelinkstext&action=edit missinglanguagelinkstext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Missinglanguagelinkstext|Talk]] </td><td> These pages do not link to their counterpart in $1. Redirects and subpages are not shown. </td><td> {{int:Missinglanguagelinkstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Moredotdotdot&action=edit moredotdotdot] [[MediaWiki_talk:Moredotdotdot|Talk]] </td><td> More... </td><td> {{int:Moredotdotdot}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Move&action=edit move] [[MediaWiki_talk:Move|Talk]] </td><td> Move </td><td> {{int:Move}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movearticle&action=edit movearticle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Movearticle|Talk]] </td><td> Move page </td><td> {{int:Movearticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movedto&action=edit movedto] [[MediaWiki_talk:Movedto|Talk]] </td><td> moved to </td><td> {{int:Movedto}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movenologin&action=edit movenologin] [[MediaWiki_talk:Movenologin|Talk]] </td><td> Not logged in </td><td> {{int:Movenologin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movenologintext&action=edit movenologintext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Movenologintext|Talk]] </td><td> You must be a registered user and <a href="/wiki/Special:Userlogin">logged in</a> to move a page. </td><td> {{int:Movenologintext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movepage&action=edit movepage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Movepage|Talk]] </td><td> Move page </td><td> {{int:Movepage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movepagebtn&action=edit movepagebtn] [[MediaWiki_talk:Movepagebtn|Talk]] </td><td> Move page </td><td> {{int:Movepagebtn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movepagetalktext&action=edit movepagetalktext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Movepagetalktext|Talk]] </td><td> The associated talk page, if any, will be automatically moved along with it '''unless:''' *You are moving the page across namespaces, *A non-empty talk page already exists under the new name, or *You uncheck the box below. In those cases, you will have to move or merge the page manually if desired. </td><td> {{int:Movepagetalktext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movepagetext&action=edit movepagetext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Movepagetext|Talk]] </td><td> Using the form below will rename a page, moving all of its history to the new name. The old title will become a redirect page to the new title. Links to the old page title will not be changed; be sure to [[Special:Maintenance|check]] for double or broken redirects. You are responsible for making sure that links continue to point where they are supposed to go. Note that the page will '''not''' be moved if there is already a page at the new title, unless it is empty or a redirect and has no past edit history. This means that you can rename a page back to where it was just renamed from if you make a mistake, and you cannot overwrite an existing page. WARNING! This can be a drastic and unexpected change for a popular page; please be sure you understand the consequences of this before proceeding. </td><td> {{int:Movepagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movetalk&action=edit movetalk] [[MediaWiki_talk:Movetalk|Talk]] </td><td> Move "talk" page as well, if applicable. </td><td> {{int:Movetalk}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movethispage&action=edit movethispage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Movethispage|Talk]] </td><td> Move this page </td><td> {{int:Movethispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mycontris&action=edit mycontris] [[MediaWiki_talk:Mycontris|Talk]] </td><td> My contributions </td><td> {{int:Mycontris}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mypage&action=edit mypage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Mypage|Talk]] </td><td> My page </td><td> {{int:Mypage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mytalk&action=edit mytalk] [[MediaWiki_talk:Mytalk|Talk]] </td><td> My talk </td><td> {{int:Mytalk}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Navigation&action=edit navigation] [[MediaWiki_talk:Navigation|Talk]] </td><td> Navigation </td><td> {{int:Navigation}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nbytes&action=edit nbytes] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nbytes|Talk]] </td><td> $1 bytes </td><td> {{int:Nbytes}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nchanges&action=edit nchanges] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nchanges|Talk]] </td><td> $1 changes </td><td> {{int:Nchanges}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newarticle&action=edit newarticle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Newarticle|Talk]] </td><td> (New) </td><td> {{int:Newarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newarticletext&action=edit newarticletext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Newarticletext|Talk]] </td><td> You've followed a link to a page that doesn't exist yet. To create the page, start typing in the box below (see the [[Wikipedia:Help|help page]] for more info). If you are here by mistake, just click your browser's '''back''' button. </td><td> {{int:Newarticletext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newmessages&action=edit newmessages] [[MediaWiki_talk:Newmessages|Talk]] </td><td> You have $1. </td><td> {{int:Newmessages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newmessageslink&action=edit newmessageslink] [[MediaWiki_talk:Newmessageslink|Talk]] </td><td> new messages </td><td> {{int:Newmessageslink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newpage&action=edit newpage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Newpage|Talk]] </td><td> New page </td><td> {{int:Newpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newpageletter&action=edit newpageletter] [[MediaWiki_talk:Newpageletter|Talk]] </td><td> N </td><td> {{int:Newpageletter}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newpages&action=edit newpages] [[MediaWiki_talk:Newpages|Talk]] </td><td> New pages </td><td> {{int:Newpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newpassword&action=edit newpassword] [[MediaWiki_talk:Newpassword|Talk]] </td><td> New password </td><td> {{int:Newpassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newtitle&action=edit newtitle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Newtitle|Talk]] </td><td> To new title </td><td> {{int:Newtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newusersonly&action=edit newusersonly] [[MediaWiki_talk:Newusersonly|Talk]] </td><td> (new users only) </td><td> {{int:Newusersonly}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Next&action=edit next] [[MediaWiki_talk:Next|Talk]] </td><td> next </td><td> {{int:Next}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nextn&action=edit nextn] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nextn|Talk]] </td><td> next $1 </td><td> {{int:Nextn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nlinks&action=edit nlinks] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nlinks|Talk]] </td><td> $1 links </td><td> {{int:Nlinks}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noaffirmation&action=edit noaffirmation] [[MediaWiki_talk:Noaffirmation|Talk]] </td><td> You must affirm that your upload does not violate any copyrights. </td><td> {{int:Noaffirmation}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noarticletext&action=edit noarticletext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Noarticletext|Talk]] </td><td> (There is currently no text in this page) </td><td> {{int:Noarticletext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noblockreason&action=edit noblockreason] [[MediaWiki_talk:Noblockreason|Talk]] </td><td> You must supply a reason for the block. </td><td> {{int:Noblockreason}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noconnect&action=edit noconnect] [[MediaWiki_talk:Noconnect|Talk]] </td><td> Sorry! The wiki is experiencing some technical difficulties, and cannot contact the database server. </td><td> {{int:Noconnect}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nocontribs&action=edit nocontribs] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nocontribs|Talk]] </td><td> No changes were found matching these criteria. </td><td> {{int:Nocontribs}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nocookieslogin&action=edit nocookieslogin] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nocookieslogin|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia uses cookies to log in users. You have cookies disabled. Please enable them and try again. </td><td> {{int:Nocookieslogin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nocookiesnew&action=edit nocookiesnew] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nocookiesnew|Talk]] </td><td> The user account was created, but you are not logged in. Wikipedia uses cookies to log in users. You have cookies disabled. Please enable them, then log in with your new username and password. </td><td> {{int:Nocookiesnew}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nocreativecommons&action=edit nocreativecommons] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nocreativecommons|Talk]] </td><td> Creative Commons RDF metadata disabled for this server. </td><td> {{int:Nocreativecommons}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nodb&action=edit nodb] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nodb|Talk]] </td><td> Could not select database $1 </td><td> {{int:Nodb}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nodublincore&action=edit nodublincore] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nodublincore|Talk]] </td><td> Dublin Core RDF metadata disabled for this server. </td><td> {{int:Nodublincore}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noemail&action=edit noemail] [[MediaWiki_talk:Noemail|Talk]] </td><td> There is no e-mail address recorded for user "$1". </td><td> {{int:Noemail}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noemailtext&action=edit noemailtext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Noemailtext|Talk]] </td><td> This user has not specified a valid e-mail address, or has chosen not to receive e-mail from other users. </td><td> {{int:Noemailtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noemailtitle&action=edit noemailtitle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Noemailtitle|Talk]] </td><td> No e-mail address </td><td> {{int:Noemailtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nogomatch&action=edit nogomatch] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nogomatch|Talk]] </td><td> No page with this exact title exists, trying full text search. </td><td> {{int:Nogomatch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nohistory&action=edit nohistory] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nohistory|Talk]] </td><td> There is no edit history for this page. </td><td> {{int:Nohistory}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nolinkshere&action=edit nolinkshere] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nolinkshere|Talk]] </td><td> No pages link to here. </td><td> {{int:Nolinkshere}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nolinkstoimage&action=edit nolinkstoimage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nolinkstoimage|Talk]] </td><td> There are no pages that link to this image. </td><td> {{int:Nolinkstoimage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noname&action=edit noname] [[MediaWiki_talk:Noname|Talk]] </td><td> You have not specified a valid user name. </td><td> {{int:Noname}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nonefound&action=edit nonefound] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nonefound|Talk]] </td><td> Note: unsuccessful searches are often caused by searching for common words like "have" and "from", which are not indexed, or by specifying more than one search term (only pages containing all of the search terms will appear in the result). </td><td> {{int:Nonefound}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nospecialpagetext&action=edit nospecialpagetext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nospecialpagetext|Talk]] </td><td> You have requested a special page that is not recognized by the wiki. </td><td> {{int:Nospecialpagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nosuchaction&action=edit nosuchaction] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nosuchaction|Talk]] </td><td> No such action </td><td> {{int:Nosuchaction}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nosuchactiontext&action=edit nosuchactiontext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nosuchactiontext|Talk]] </td><td> The action specified by the URL is not recognized by the wiki </td><td> {{int:Nosuchactiontext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nosuchspecialpage&action=edit nosuchspecialpage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nosuchspecialpage|Talk]] </td><td> No such special page </td><td> {{int:Nosuchspecialpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nosuchuser&action=edit nosuchuser] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nosuchuser|Talk]] </td><td> There is no user by the name "$1". Check your spelling, or use the form below to create a new user account. </td><td> {{int:Nosuchuser}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notacceptable&action=edit notacceptable] [[MediaWiki_talk:Notacceptable|Talk]] </td><td> The wiki server can't provide data in a format your client can read. </td><td> {{int:Notacceptable}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notanarticle&action=edit notanarticle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Notanarticle|Talk]] </td><td> Not a content page </td><td> {{int:Notanarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notargettext&action=edit notargettext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Notargettext|Talk]] </td><td> You have not specified a target page or user to perform this function on. </td><td> {{int:Notargettext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notargettitle&action=edit notargettitle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Notargettitle|Talk]] </td><td> No target </td><td> {{int:Notargettitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Note&action=edit note] [[MediaWiki_talk:Note|Talk]] </td><td> Note: </td><td> {{int:Note}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notextmatches&action=edit notextmatches] [[MediaWiki_talk:Notextmatches|Talk]] </td><td> No page text matches </td><td> {{int:Notextmatches}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notitlematches&action=edit notitlematches] [[MediaWiki_talk:Notitlematches|Talk]] </td><td> No page title matches </td><td> {{int:Notitlematches}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notloggedin&action=edit notloggedin] [[MediaWiki_talk:Notloggedin|Talk]] </td><td> Not logged in </td><td> {{int:Notloggedin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nowatchlist&action=edit nowatchlist] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nowatchlist|Talk]] </td><td> You have no items on your watchlist. </td><td> {{int:Nowatchlist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nowiki_sample&action=edit nowiki_sample] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nowiki_sample|Talk]] </td><td> Insert non-formatted text here </td><td> {{int:Nowiki_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nowiki_tip&action=edit nowiki_tip] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nowiki_tip|Talk]] </td><td> Ignore wiki formatting </td><td> {{int:Nowiki_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-category&action=edit nstab-category] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-category|Talk]] </td><td> Category </td><td> {{int:Nstab-category}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-help&action=edit nstab-help] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-help|Talk]] </td><td> Help </td><td> {{int:Nstab-help}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-image&action=edit nstab-image] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-image|Talk]] </td><td> Image </td><td> {{int:Nstab-image}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-main&action=edit nstab-main] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-main|Talk]] </td><td> Article </td><td> {{int:Nstab-main}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-media&action=edit nstab-media] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-media|Talk]] </td><td> Media </td><td> {{int:Nstab-media}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-mediawiki&action=edit nstab-mediawiki] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-mediawiki|Talk]] </td><td> Message </td><td> {{int:Nstab-mediawiki}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-special&action=edit nstab-special] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-special|Talk]] </td><td> Special </td><td> {{int:Nstab-special}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-template&action=edit nstab-template] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-template|Talk]] </td><td> Template </td><td> {{int:Nstab-template}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-user&action=edit nstab-user] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-user|Talk]] </td><td> User page </td><td> {{int:Nstab-user}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-wp&action=edit nstab-wp] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-wp|Talk]] </td><td> About </td><td> {{int:Nstab-wp}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nviews&action=edit nviews] [[MediaWiki_talk:Nviews|Talk]] </td><td> $1 views </td><td> {{int:Nviews}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ok&action=edit ok] [[MediaWiki_talk:Ok|Talk]] </td><td> OK </td><td> {{int:Ok}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Oldpassword&action=edit oldpassword] [[MediaWiki_talk:Oldpassword|Talk]] </td><td> Old password </td><td> {{int:Oldpassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Orig&action=edit orig] [[MediaWiki_talk:Orig|Talk]] </td><td> orig </td><td> {{int:Orig}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Orphans&action=edit orphans] [[MediaWiki_talk:Orphans|Talk]] </td><td> Orphaned pages </td><td> {{int:Orphans}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Othercontribs&action=edit othercontribs] [[MediaWiki_talk:Othercontribs|Talk]] </td><td> Based on work by $1. </td><td> {{int:Othercontribs}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Otherlanguages&action=edit otherlanguages] [[MediaWiki_talk:Otherlanguages|Talk]] </td><td> Other languages </td><td> {{int:Otherlanguages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Pagemovedsub&action=edit pagemovedsub] [[MediaWiki_talk:Pagemovedsub|Talk]] </td><td> Move succeeded </td><td> {{int:Pagemovedsub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Pagemovedtext&action=edit pagemovedtext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Pagemovedtext|Talk]] </td><td> Page "[[$1]]" moved to "[[$2]]". </td><td> {{int:Pagemovedtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Pagetitle&action=edit pagetitle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Pagetitle|Talk]] </td><td> $1 - Wikipedia </td><td> {{int:Pagetitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Passwordremindertext&action=edit passwordremindertext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Passwordremindertext|Talk]] </td><td> Someone (probably you, from IP address $1) requested that we send you a new Wikipedia login password. The password for user "$2" is now "$3". You should log in and change your password now. </td><td> {{int:Passwordremindertext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Passwordremindertitle&action=edit passwordremindertitle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Passwordremindertitle|Talk]] </td><td> Password reminder from Wikipedia </td><td> {{int:Passwordremindertitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Passwordsent&action=edit passwordsent] [[MediaWiki_talk:Passwordsent|Talk]] </td><td> A new password has been sent to the e-mail address registered for "$1". Please log in again after you receive it. </td><td> {{int:Passwordsent}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Perfcached&action=edit perfcached] [[MediaWiki_talk:Perfcached|Talk]] </td><td> The following data is cached and may not be completely up to date: </td><td> {{int:Perfcached}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Perfdisabled&action=edit perfdisabled] [[MediaWiki_talk:Perfdisabled|Talk]] </td><td> Sorry! This feature has been temporarily disabled because it slows the database down to the point that no one can use the wiki. </td><td> {{int:Perfdisabled}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Perfdisabledsub&action=edit perfdisabledsub] [[MediaWiki_talk:Perfdisabledsub|Talk]] </td><td> Here's a saved copy from $1: </td><td> {{int:Perfdisabledsub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Personaltools&action=edit personaltools] [[MediaWiki_talk:Personaltools|Talk]] </td><td> Personal tools </td><td> {{int:Personaltools}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Popularpages&action=edit popularpages] [[MediaWiki_talk:Popularpages|Talk]] </td><td> Popular pages </td><td> {{int:Popularpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Portal&action=edit portal] [[MediaWiki_talk:Portal|Talk]] </td><td> Community portal </td><td> {{int:Portal}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Portal-url&action=edit portal-url] [[MediaWiki_talk:Portal-url|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia:Community Portal </td><td> {{int:Portal-url}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Postcomment&action=edit postcomment] [[MediaWiki_talk:Postcomment|Talk]] </td><td> Post a comment </td><td> {{int:Postcomment}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Poweredby&action=edit poweredby] [[MediaWiki_talk:Poweredby|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia is powered by [http://www.mediawiki.org/ MediaWiki], an open source wiki engine. </td><td> {{int:Poweredby}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Powersearch&action=edit powersearch] [[MediaWiki_talk:Powersearch|Talk]] </td><td> Search </td><td> {{int:Powersearch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Powersearchtext&action=edit powersearchtext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Powersearchtext|Talk]] </td><td> Search in namespaces : $1 $2 List redirects &nbsp; Search for $3 $9 </td><td> {{int:Powersearchtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Preferences&action=edit preferences] [[MediaWiki_talk:Preferences|Talk]] </td><td> Preferences </td><td> {{int:Preferences}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefs-help-userdata&action=edit prefs-help-userdata] [[MediaWiki_talk:Prefs-help-userdata|Talk]] </td><td> * Real name (optional): if you choose to provide it this will be used for giving you attribution for your work. * Email (optional): Enables people to contact you through the website without you having to reveal your email address to them, and it can be used to send you a new password if you forget it. </td><td> {{int:Prefs-help-userdata}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefs-misc&action=edit prefs-misc] [[MediaWiki_talk:Prefs-misc|Talk]] </td><td> Misc settings </td><td> {{int:Prefs-misc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefs-personal&action=edit prefs-personal] [[MediaWiki_talk:Prefs-personal|Talk]] </td><td> User data </td><td> {{int:Prefs-personal}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefs-rc&action=edit prefs-rc] [[MediaWiki_talk:Prefs-rc|Talk]] </td><td> Recent changes and stub display </td><td> {{int:Prefs-rc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefslogintext&action=edit prefslogintext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Prefslogintext|Talk]] </td><td> You are logged in as "$1". Your internal ID number is $2. See [[Wikipedia:User preferences help]] for help deciphering the options. </td><td> {{int:Prefslogintext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefsnologin&action=edit prefsnologin] [[MediaWiki_talk:Prefsnologin|Talk]] </td><td> Not logged in </td><td> {{int:Prefsnologin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefsnologintext&action=edit prefsnologintext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Prefsnologintext|Talk]] </td><td> You must be <a href="/wiki/Special:Userlogin">logged in</a> to set user preferences. </td><td> {{int:Prefsnologintext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefsreset&action=edit prefsreset] [[MediaWiki_talk:Prefsreset|Talk]] </td><td> Preferences have been reset from storage. </td><td> {{int:Prefsreset}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Preview&action=edit preview] [[MediaWiki_talk:Preview|Talk]] </td><td> Preview </td><td> {{int:Preview}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Previewconflict&action=edit previewconflict] [[MediaWiki_talk:Previewconflict|Talk]] </td><td> This preview reflects the text in the upper text editing area as it will appear if you choose to save. </td><td> {{int:Previewconflict}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Previewnote&action=edit previewnote] [[MediaWiki_talk:Previewnote|Talk]] </td><td> Remember that this is only a preview, and has not yet been saved! </td><td> {{int:Previewnote}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prevn&action=edit prevn] [[MediaWiki_talk:Prevn|Talk]] </td><td> previous $1 </td><td> {{int:Prevn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Printableversion&action=edit printableversion] [[MediaWiki_talk:Printableversion|Talk]] </td><td> Printable version </td><td> {{int:Printableversion}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Printsubtitle&action=edit printsubtitle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Printsubtitle|Talk]] </td><td> (From http://si.wikipedia.org) </td><td> {{int:Printsubtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protect&action=edit protect] [[MediaWiki_talk:Protect|Talk]] </td><td> Protect </td><td> {{int:Protect}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectcomment&action=edit protectcomment] [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectcomment|Talk]] </td><td> Reason for protecting </td><td> {{int:Protectcomment}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectedarticle&action=edit protectedarticle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectedarticle|Talk]] </td><td> protected [[$1]] </td><td> {{int:Protectedarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectedpage&action=edit protectedpage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectedpage|Talk]] </td><td> Protected page </td><td> {{int:Protectedpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectedpagewarning&action=edit protectedpagewarning] [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectedpagewarning|Talk]] </td><td> WARNING: This page has been locked so that only users with sysop privileges can edit it. Be sure you are following the <a href='/w/wiki.phtml/Wikipedia:Protected_page_guidelines'>protected page guidelines</a>. </td><td> {{int:Protectedpagewarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectedtext&action=edit protectedtext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectedtext|Talk]] </td><td> This page has been locked to prevent editing; there are a number of reasons why this may be so, please see [[Wikipedia:Protected page]]. You can view and copy the source of this page: </td><td> {{int:Protectedtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectlogpage&action=edit protectlogpage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectlogpage|Talk]] </td><td> Protection_log </td><td> {{int:Protectlogpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectlogtext&action=edit protectlogtext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectlogtext|Talk]] </td><td> Below is a list of page locks/unlocks. See [[Wikipedia:Protected page]] for more information. </td><td> {{int:Protectlogtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectpage&action=edit protectpage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectpage|Talk]] </td><td> Protect page </td><td> {{int:Protectpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectreason&action=edit protectreason] [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectreason|Talk]] </td><td> (give a reason) </td><td> {{int:Protectreason}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectsub&action=edit protectsub] [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectsub|Talk]] </td><td> (Protecting "$1") </td><td> {{int:Protectsub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectthispage&action=edit protectthispage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectthispage|Talk]] </td><td> Protect this page </td><td> {{int:Protectthispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Proxyblocker&action=edit proxyblocker] [[MediaWiki_talk:Proxyblocker|Talk]] </td><td> Proxy blocker </td><td> {{int:Proxyblocker}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Proxyblockreason&action=edit proxyblockreason] [[MediaWiki_talk:Proxyblockreason|Talk]] </td><td> Your IP address has been blocked because it is an open proxy. Please contact your Internet service provider or tech support and inform them of this serious security problem. </td><td> {{int:Proxyblockreason}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Proxyblocksuccess&action=edit proxyblocksuccess] [[MediaWiki_talk:Proxyblocksuccess|Talk]] </td><td> Done. </td><td> {{int:Proxyblocksuccess}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbbrowse&action=edit qbbrowse] [[MediaWiki_talk:Qbbrowse|Talk]] </td><td> Browse </td><td> {{int:Qbbrowse}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbedit&action=edit qbedit] [[MediaWiki_talk:Qbedit|Talk]] </td><td> Edit </td><td> {{int:Qbedit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbfind&action=edit qbfind] [[MediaWiki_talk:Qbfind|Talk]] </td><td> Find </td><td> {{int:Qbfind}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbmyoptions&action=edit qbmyoptions] [[MediaWiki_talk:Qbmyoptions|Talk]] </td><td> My pages </td><td> {{int:Qbmyoptions}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbpageinfo&action=edit qbpageinfo] [[MediaWiki_talk:Qbpageinfo|Talk]] </td><td> Context </td><td> {{int:Qbpageinfo}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbpageoptions&action=edit qbpageoptions] [[MediaWiki_talk:Qbpageoptions|Talk]] </td><td> This page </td><td> {{int:Qbpageoptions}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbsettings&action=edit qbsettings] [[MediaWiki_talk:Qbsettings|Talk]] </td><td> Quickbar settings </td><td> {{int:Qbsettings}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbspecialpages&action=edit qbspecialpages] [[MediaWiki_talk:Qbspecialpages|Talk]] </td><td> Special pages </td><td> {{int:Qbspecialpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Querybtn&action=edit querybtn] [[MediaWiki_talk:Querybtn|Talk]] </td><td> Submit query </td><td> {{int:Querybtn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Querysuccessful&action=edit querysuccessful] [[MediaWiki_talk:Querysuccessful|Talk]] </td><td> Query successful </td><td> {{int:Querysuccessful}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Randompage&action=edit randompage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Randompage|Talk]] </td><td> Random page </td><td> {{int:Randompage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Range_block_disabled&action=edit range_block_disabled] [[MediaWiki_talk:Range_block_disabled|Talk]] </td><td> The sysop ability to create range blocks is disabled. </td><td> {{int:Range_block_disabled}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rchide&action=edit rchide] [[MediaWiki_talk:Rchide|Talk]] </td><td> in $4 form; $1 minor edits; $2 secondary namespaces; $3 multiple edits. </td><td> {{int:Rchide}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rclinks&action=edit rclinks] [[MediaWiki_talk:Rclinks|Talk]] </td><td> Show last $1 changes in last $2 days $3 </td><td> {{int:Rclinks}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rclistfrom&action=edit rclistfrom] [[MediaWiki_talk:Rclistfrom|Talk]] </td><td> Show new changes starting from $1 </td><td> {{int:Rclistfrom}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rcliu&action=edit rcliu] [[MediaWiki_talk:Rcliu|Talk]] </td><td> ; $1 edits from logged in users </td><td> {{int:Rcliu}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rcloaderr&action=edit rcloaderr] [[MediaWiki_talk:Rcloaderr|Talk]] </td><td> Loading recent changes </td><td> {{int:Rcloaderr}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rclsub&action=edit rclsub] [[MediaWiki_talk:Rclsub|Talk]] </td><td> (to pages linked from "$1") </td><td> {{int:Rclsub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rcnote&action=edit rcnote] [[MediaWiki_talk:Rcnote|Talk]] </td><td> Below are the last $1 changes in last $2 days. </td><td> {{int:Rcnote}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rcnotefrom&action=edit rcnotefrom] [[MediaWiki_talk:Rcnotefrom|Talk]] </td><td> Below are the changes since $2 (up to $1 shown). </td><td> {{int:Rcnotefrom}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Readonly&action=edit readonly] [[MediaWiki_talk:Readonly|Talk]] </td><td> Database locked </td><td> {{int:Readonly}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Readonlytext&action=edit readonlytext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Readonlytext|Talk]] </td><td> The database is currently locked to new entries and other modifications, probably for routine database maintenance, after which it will be back to normal. The administrator who locked it offered this explanation: $1 </td><td> {{int:Readonlytext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Readonlywarning&action=edit readonlywarning] [[MediaWiki_talk:Readonlywarning|Talk]] </td><td> WARNING: The database has been locked for maintenance, so you will not be able to save your edits right now. You may wish to cut-n-paste the text into a text file and save it for later. </td><td> {{int:Readonlywarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Recentchanges&action=edit recentchanges] [[MediaWiki_talk:Recentchanges|Talk]] </td><td> Recent changes </td><td> {{int:Recentchanges}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Recentchangescount&action=edit recentchangescount] [[MediaWiki_talk:Recentchangescount|Talk]] </td><td> Number of titles in recent changes </td><td> {{int:Recentchangescount}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Recentchangeslinked&action=edit recentchangeslinked] [[MediaWiki_talk:Recentchangeslinked|Talk]] </td><td> Related changes </td><td> {{int:Recentchangeslinked}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Recentchangestext&action=edit recentchangestext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Recentchangestext|Talk]] </td><td> Track the most recent changes to the wiki on this page. </td><td> {{int:Recentchangestext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Redirectedfrom&action=edit redirectedfrom] [[MediaWiki_talk:Redirectedfrom|Talk]] </td><td> (Redirected from $1) </td><td> {{int:Redirectedfrom}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Remembermypassword&action=edit remembermypassword] [[MediaWiki_talk:Remembermypassword|Talk]] </td><td> Remember my password across sessions. </td><td> {{int:Remembermypassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Removechecked&action=edit removechecked] [[MediaWiki_talk:Removechecked|Talk]] </td><td> Remove checked items from watchlist </td><td> {{int:Removechecked}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Removedwatch&action=edit removedwatch] [[MediaWiki_talk:Removedwatch|Talk]] </td><td> Removed from watchlist </td><td> {{int:Removedwatch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Removedwatchtext&action=edit removedwatchtext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Removedwatchtext|Talk]] </td><td> The page "$1" has been removed from your watchlist. </td><td> {{int:Removedwatchtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Removingchecked&action=edit removingchecked] [[MediaWiki_talk:Removingchecked|Talk]] </td><td> Removing requested items from watchlist... </td><td> {{int:Removingchecked}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Resetprefs&action=edit resetprefs] [[MediaWiki_talk:Resetprefs|Talk]] </td><td> Reset preferences </td><td> {{int:Resetprefs}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Restorelink&action=edit restorelink] [[MediaWiki_talk:Restorelink|Talk]] </td><td> $1 deleted edits </td><td> {{int:Restorelink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Resultsperpage&action=edit resultsperpage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Resultsperpage|Talk]] </td><td> Hits to show per page </td><td> {{int:Resultsperpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Retrievedfrom&action=edit retrievedfrom] [[MediaWiki_talk:Retrievedfrom|Talk]] </td><td> Retrieved from "$1" </td><td> {{int:Retrievedfrom}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Returnto&action=edit returnto] [[MediaWiki_talk:Returnto|Talk]] </td><td> Return to $1. </td><td> {{int:Returnto}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Retypenew&action=edit retypenew] [[MediaWiki_talk:Retypenew|Talk]] </td><td> Retype new password </td><td> {{int:Retypenew}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Reupload&action=edit reupload] [[MediaWiki_talk:Reupload|Talk]] </td><td> Re-upload </td><td> {{int:Reupload}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Reuploaddesc&action=edit reuploaddesc] [[MediaWiki_talk:Reuploaddesc|Talk]] </td><td> Return to the upload form. </td><td> {{int:Reuploaddesc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Reverted&action=edit reverted] [[MediaWiki_talk:Reverted|Talk]] </td><td> Reverted to earlier revision </td><td> {{int:Reverted}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revertimg&action=edit revertimg] [[MediaWiki_talk:Revertimg|Talk]] </td><td> rev </td><td> {{int:Revertimg}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revertpage&action=edit revertpage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Revertpage|Talk]] </td><td> Reverted edit of $2, changed back to last version by $1 </td><td> {{int:Revertpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revhistory&action=edit revhistory] [[MediaWiki_talk:Revhistory|Talk]] </td><td> Revision history </td><td> {{int:Revhistory}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revisionasof&action=edit revisionasof] [[MediaWiki_talk:Revisionasof|Talk]] </td><td> Revision as of $1 </td><td> {{int:Revisionasof}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revnotfound&action=edit revnotfound] [[MediaWiki_talk:Revnotfound|Talk]] </td><td> Revision not found </td><td> {{int:Revnotfound}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revnotfoundtext&action=edit revnotfoundtext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Revnotfoundtext|Talk]] </td><td> The old revision of the page you asked for could not be found. Please check the URL you used to access this page. </td><td> {{int:Revnotfoundtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rfcurl&action=edit rfcurl] [[MediaWiki_talk:Rfcurl|Talk]] </td><td> http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc$1.html </td><td> {{int:Rfcurl}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rights&action=edit rights] [[MediaWiki_talk:Rights|Talk]] </td><td> Rights: </td><td> {{int:Rights}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rollback&action=edit rollback] [[MediaWiki_talk:Rollback|Talk]] </td><td> Roll back edits </td><td> {{int:Rollback}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rollback_short&action=edit rollback_short] [[MediaWiki_talk:Rollback_short|Talk]] </td><td> Rollback </td><td> {{int:Rollback_short}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rollbackfailed&action=edit rollbackfailed] [[MediaWiki_talk:Rollbackfailed|Talk]] </td><td> Rollback failed </td><td> {{int:Rollbackfailed}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rollbacklink&action=edit rollbacklink] [[MediaWiki_talk:Rollbacklink|Talk]] </td><td> rollback </td><td> {{int:Rollbacklink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rows&action=edit rows] [[MediaWiki_talk:Rows|Talk]] </td><td> Rows </td><td> {{int:Rows}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Savearticle&action=edit savearticle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Savearticle|Talk]] </td><td> Save page </td><td> {{int:Savearticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Savedprefs&action=edit savedprefs] [[MediaWiki_talk:Savedprefs|Talk]] </td><td> Your preferences have been saved. </td><td> {{int:Savedprefs}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Savefile&action=edit savefile] [[MediaWiki_talk:Savefile|Talk]] </td><td> Save file </td><td> {{int:Savefile}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Saveprefs&action=edit saveprefs] [[MediaWiki_talk:Saveprefs|Talk]] </td><td> Save preferences </td><td> {{int:Saveprefs}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Search&action=edit search] [[MediaWiki_talk:Search|Talk]] </td><td> Search </td><td> {{int:Search}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchdisabled&action=edit searchdisabled] [[MediaWiki_talk:Searchdisabled|Talk]] </td><td> Sorry! Full text search has been disabled temporarily, for performance reasons. In the meantime, you can use the Google search below, which may be out of date. </td><td> {{int:Searchdisabled}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchhelppage&action=edit searchhelppage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Searchhelppage|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia:Searching </td><td> {{int:Searchhelppage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchingwikipedia&action=edit searchingwikipedia] [[MediaWiki_talk:Searchingwikipedia|Talk]] </td><td> Searching Wikipedia </td><td> {{int:Searchingwikipedia}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchquery&action=edit searchquery] [[MediaWiki_talk:Searchquery|Talk]] </td><td> For query "$1" </td><td> {{int:Searchquery}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchresults&action=edit searchresults] [[MediaWiki_talk:Searchresults|Talk]] </td><td> Search results </td><td> {{int:Searchresults}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchresultshead&action=edit searchresultshead] [[MediaWiki_talk:Searchresultshead|Talk]] </td><td> Search result settings </td><td> {{int:Searchresultshead}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchresulttext&action=edit searchresulttext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Searchresulttext|Talk]] </td><td> For more information about searching Wikipedia, see $1. </td><td> {{int:Searchresulttext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sectionedit&action=edit sectionedit] [[MediaWiki_talk:Sectionedit|Talk]] </td><td> (section) </td><td> {{int:Sectionedit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Selectnewerversionfordiff&action=edit selectnewerversionfordiff] [[MediaWiki_talk:Selectnewerversionfordiff|Talk]] </td><td> Select a newer version for comparison </td><td> {{int:Selectnewerversionfordiff}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Selectolderversionfordiff&action=edit selectolderversionfordiff] [[MediaWiki_talk:Selectolderversionfordiff|Talk]] </td><td> Select an older version for comparison </td><td> {{int:Selectolderversionfordiff}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Selectonly&action=edit selectonly] [[MediaWiki_talk:Selectonly|Talk]] </td><td> Only read-only queries are allowed. </td><td> {{int:Selectonly}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Selflinks&action=edit selflinks] [[MediaWiki_talk:Selflinks|Talk]] </td><td> Pages with Self Links </td><td> {{int:Selflinks}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Selflinkstext&action=edit selflinkstext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Selflinkstext|Talk]] </td><td> The following pages contain a link to themselves, which they should not. </td><td> {{int:Selflinkstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Seriousxhtmlerrors&action=edit seriousxhtmlerrors] [[MediaWiki_talk:Seriousxhtmlerrors|Talk]] </td><td> There were serious xhtml markup errors detected by tidy. </td><td> {{int:Seriousxhtmlerrors}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Servertime&action=edit servertime] [[MediaWiki_talk:Servertime|Talk]] </td><td> Server time is now </td><td> {{int:Servertime}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Set_rights_fail&action=edit set_rights_fail] [[MediaWiki_talk:Set_rights_fail|Talk]] </td><td> User rights for "$1" could not be set. (Did you enter the name correctly?) </td><td> {{int:Set_rights_fail}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Set_user_rights&action=edit set_user_rights] [[MediaWiki_talk:Set_user_rights|Talk]] </td><td> Set user rights </td><td> {{int:Set_user_rights}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Setbureaucratflag&action=edit setbureaucratflag] [[MediaWiki_talk:Setbureaucratflag|Talk]] </td><td> Set bureaucrat flag </td><td> {{int:Setbureaucratflag}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Shortpages&action=edit shortpages] [[MediaWiki_talk:Shortpages|Talk]] </td><td> Short pages </td><td> {{int:Shortpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Show&action=edit show] [[MediaWiki_talk:Show|Talk]] </td><td> show </td><td> {{int:Show}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showhideminor&action=edit showhideminor] [[MediaWiki_talk:Showhideminor|Talk]] </td><td> $1 minor edits | $2 bots | $3 logged in users </td><td> {{int:Showhideminor}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showingresults&action=edit showingresults] [[MediaWiki_talk:Showingresults|Talk]] </td><td> Showing below $1 results starting with #$2. </td><td> {{int:Showingresults}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showingresultsnum&action=edit showingresultsnum] [[MediaWiki_talk:Showingresultsnum|Talk]] </td><td> Showing below $3 results starting with #$2. </td><td> {{int:Showingresultsnum}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showlast&action=edit showlast] [[MediaWiki_talk:Showlast|Talk]] </td><td> Show last $1 images sorted $2. </td><td> {{int:Showlast}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showpreview&action=edit showpreview] [[MediaWiki_talk:Showpreview|Talk]] </td><td> Show preview </td><td> {{int:Showpreview}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showtoc&action=edit showtoc] [[MediaWiki_talk:Showtoc|Talk]] </td><td> show </td><td> {{int:Showtoc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sig_tip&action=edit sig_tip] [[MediaWiki_talk:Sig_tip|Talk]] </td><td> Your signature with timestamp </td><td> {{int:Sig_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitestats&action=edit sitestats] [[MediaWiki_talk:Sitestats|Talk]] </td><td> Site statistics </td><td> {{int:Sitestats}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitestatstext&action=edit sitestatstext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Sitestatstext|Talk]] </td><td> There are '''$1''' total pages in the database. This includes "talk" pages, pages about Wikipedia, minimal "stub" pages, redirects, and others that probably don't qualify as content pages. Excluding those, there are '''$2''' pages that are probably legitimate content pages. There have been a total of '''$3''' page views, and '''$4''' page edits since the wiki was setup. That comes to '''$5''' average edits per page, and '''$6''' views per edit. </td><td> {{int:Sitestatstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitesubtitle&action=edit sitesubtitle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Sitesubtitle|Talk]] </td><td> The Free Encyclopedia </td><td> {{int:Sitesubtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitesupport&action=edit sitesupport] [[MediaWiki_talk:Sitesupport|Talk]] </td><td> Donations </td><td> {{int:Sitesupport}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitetitle&action=edit sitetitle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Sitetitle|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia </td><td> {{int:Sitetitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Siteuser&action=edit siteuser] [[MediaWiki_talk:Siteuser|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia user $1 </td><td> {{int:Siteuser}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Siteusers&action=edit siteusers] [[MediaWiki_talk:Siteusers|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia user(s) $1 </td><td> {{int:Siteusers}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Skin&action=edit skin] [[MediaWiki_talk:Skin|Talk]] </td><td> Skin </td><td> {{int:Skin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Spamprotectiontext&action=edit spamprotectiontext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Spamprotectiontext|Talk]] </td><td> The page you wanted to save was blocked by the spam filter. This is probably caused by a link to an external site. You might want to check the following regular expression for patterns that are currently blocked: </td><td> {{int:Spamprotectiontext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Spamprotectiontitle&action=edit spamprotectiontitle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Spamprotectiontitle|Talk]] </td><td> Spam protection filter </td><td> {{int:Spamprotectiontitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Specialpage&action=edit specialpage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Specialpage|Talk]] </td><td> Special Page </td><td> {{int:Specialpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Specialpages&action=edit specialpages] [[MediaWiki_talk:Specialpages|Talk]] </td><td> Special pages </td><td> {{int:Specialpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Spheading&action=edit spheading] [[MediaWiki_talk:Spheading|Talk]] </td><td> Special pages for all users </td><td> {{int:Spheading}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sqlislogged&action=edit sqlislogged] [[MediaWiki_talk:Sqlislogged|Talk]] </td><td> Please note that all queries are logged. </td><td> {{int:Sqlislogged}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sqlquery&action=edit sqlquery] [[MediaWiki_talk:Sqlquery|Talk]] </td><td> Enter query </td><td> {{int:Sqlquery}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Statistics&action=edit statistics] [[MediaWiki_talk:Statistics|Talk]] </td><td> Statistics </td><td> {{int:Statistics}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Storedversion&action=edit storedversion] [[MediaWiki_talk:Storedversion|Talk]] </td><td> Stored version </td><td> {{int:Storedversion}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Stubthreshold&action=edit stubthreshold] [[MediaWiki_talk:Stubthreshold|Talk]] </td><td> Threshold for stub display </td><td> {{int:Stubthreshold}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Subcategories&action=edit subcategories] [[MediaWiki_talk:Subcategories|Talk]] </td><td> Subcategories </td><td> {{int:Subcategories}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Subject&action=edit subject] [[MediaWiki_talk:Subject|Talk]] </td><td> Subject/headline </td><td> {{int:Subject}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Subjectpage&action=edit subjectpage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Subjectpage|Talk]] </td><td> View subject </td><td> {{int:Subjectpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Successfulupload&action=edit successfulupload] [[MediaWiki_talk:Successfulupload|Talk]] </td><td> Successful upload </td><td> {{int:Successfulupload}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Summary&action=edit summary] [[MediaWiki_talk:Summary|Talk]] </td><td> Summary </td><td> {{int:Summary}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sysopspheading&action=edit sysopspheading] [[MediaWiki_talk:Sysopspheading|Talk]] </td><td> For sysop use only </td><td> {{int:Sysopspheading}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sysoptext&action=edit sysoptext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Sysoptext|Talk]] </td><td> The action you have requested can only be performed by users with "sysop" status. See $1. </td><td> {{int:Sysoptext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sysoptitle&action=edit sysoptitle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Sysoptitle|Talk]] </td><td> Sysop access required </td><td> {{int:Sysoptitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tableform&action=edit tableform] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tableform|Talk]] </td><td> table </td><td> {{int:Tableform}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talk&action=edit talk] [[MediaWiki_talk:Talk|Talk]] </td><td> Discussion </td><td> {{int:Talk}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talkexists&action=edit talkexists] [[MediaWiki_talk:Talkexists|Talk]] </td><td> The page itself was moved successfully, but the talk page could not be moved because one already exists at the new title. Please merge them manually. </td><td> {{int:Talkexists}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talkpage&action=edit talkpage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Talkpage|Talk]] </td><td> Discuss this page </td><td> {{int:Talkpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talkpagemoved&action=edit talkpagemoved] [[MediaWiki_talk:Talkpagemoved|Talk]] </td><td> The corresponding talk page was also moved. </td><td> {{int:Talkpagemoved}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talkpagenotmoved&action=edit talkpagenotmoved] [[MediaWiki_talk:Talkpagenotmoved|Talk]] </td><td> The corresponding talk page was not moved. </td><td> {{int:Talkpagenotmoved}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talkpagetext&action=edit talkpagetext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Talkpagetext|Talk]] </td><td>  </td><td> {{int:Talkpagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Textboxsize&action=edit textboxsize] [[MediaWiki_talk:Textboxsize|Talk]] </td><td> Textbox dimensions </td><td> {{int:Textboxsize}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Textmatches&action=edit textmatches] [[MediaWiki_talk:Textmatches|Talk]] </td><td> Page text matches </td><td> {{int:Textmatches}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Thisisdeleted&action=edit thisisdeleted] [[MediaWiki_talk:Thisisdeleted|Talk]] </td><td> View or restore $1? </td><td> {{int:Thisisdeleted}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Thumbnail-more&action=edit thumbnail-more] [[MediaWiki_talk:Thumbnail-more|Talk]] </td><td> Enlarge </td><td> {{int:Thumbnail-more}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Timezoneoffset&action=edit timezoneoffset] [[MediaWiki_talk:Timezoneoffset|Talk]] </td><td> Offset </td><td> {{int:Timezoneoffset}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Timezonetext&action=edit timezonetext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Timezonetext|Talk]] </td><td> Enter number of hours your local time differs from server time (UTC). </td><td> {{int:Timezonetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Titlematches&action=edit titlematches] [[MediaWiki_talk:Titlematches|Talk]] </td><td> Article title matches </td><td> {{int:Titlematches}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Toc&action=edit toc] [[MediaWiki_talk:Toc|Talk]] </td><td> Table of contents </td><td> {{int:Toc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Toolbox&action=edit toolbox] [[MediaWiki_talk:Toolbox|Talk]] </td><td> Toolbox </td><td> {{int:Toolbox}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-addsection&action=edit tooltip-addsection] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-addsection|Talk]] </td><td> Add a comment to this page. [alt-+] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-addsection}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-anontalk&action=edit tooltip-anontalk] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-anontalk|Talk]] </td><td> Discussion about edits from this ip address [alt-n] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-anontalk}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-anonuserpage&action=edit tooltip-anonuserpage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-anonuserpage|Talk]] </td><td> The user page for the ip you're editing as [alt-.] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-anonuserpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-article&action=edit tooltip-article] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-article|Talk]] </td><td> View the content page [alt-a] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-article}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-atom&action=edit tooltip-atom] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-atom|Talk]] </td><td> Atom feed for this page </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-atom}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-compareselectedversions&action=edit tooltip-compareselectedversions] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-compareselectedversions|Talk]] </td><td> See the differences between the two selected versions of this page. [alt-v] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-compareselectedversions}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-contributions&action=edit tooltip-contributions] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-contributions|Talk]] </td><td> View the list of contributions of this user </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-contributions}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-currentevents&action=edit tooltip-currentevents] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-currentevents|Talk]] </td><td> Find background information on current events </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-currentevents}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-delete&action=edit tooltip-delete] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-delete|Talk]] </td><td> Delete this page [alt-d] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-delete}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-edit&action=edit tooltip-edit] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-edit|Talk]] </td><td> You can edit this page. Please use the preview button before saving. [alt-e] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-edit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-emailuser&action=edit tooltip-emailuser] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-emailuser|Talk]] </td><td> Send a mail to this user </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-emailuser}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-help&action=edit tooltip-help] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-help|Talk]] </td><td> The place to find out. </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-help}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-history&action=edit tooltip-history] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-history|Talk]] </td><td> Past versions of this page, [alt-h] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-history}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-login&action=edit tooltip-login] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-login|Talk]] </td><td> You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however. [alt-o] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-login}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-logout&action=edit tooltip-logout] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-logout|Talk]] </td><td> Log out [alt-o] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-logout}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-mainpage&action=edit tooltip-mainpage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-mainpage|Talk]] </td><td> Visit the Main Page [alt-z] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-mainpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-minoredit&action=edit tooltip-minoredit] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-minoredit|Talk]] </td><td> Mark this as a minor edit [alt-i] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-minoredit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-move&action=edit tooltip-move] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-move|Talk]] </td><td> Move this page [alt-m] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-move}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-mycontris&action=edit tooltip-mycontris] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-mycontris|Talk]] </td><td> List of my contributions [alt-y] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-mycontris}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-mytalk&action=edit tooltip-mytalk] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-mytalk|Talk]] </td><td> My talk page [alt-n] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-mytalk}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-nomove&action=edit tooltip-nomove] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-nomove|Talk]] </td><td> You don't have the permissions to move this page </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-nomove}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-portal&action=edit tooltip-portal] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-portal|Talk]] </td><td> About the project, what you can do, where to find things </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-portal}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-preferences&action=edit tooltip-preferences] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-preferences|Talk]] </td><td> My preferences </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-preferences}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-preview&action=edit tooltip-preview] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-preview|Talk]] </td><td> Preview your changes, please use this before saving! [alt-p] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-preview}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-protect&action=edit tooltip-protect] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-protect|Talk]] </td><td> Protect this page [alt-=] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-protect}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-randompage&action=edit tooltip-randompage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-randompage|Talk]] </td><td> Load a random page [alt-x] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-randompage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-recentchanges&action=edit tooltip-recentchanges] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-recentchanges|Talk]] </td><td> The list of recent changes in the wiki. [alt-r] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-recentchanges}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-recentchangeslinked&action=edit tooltip-recentchangeslinked] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-recentchangeslinked|Talk]] </td><td> Recent changes in pages linking to this page [alt-c] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-recentchangeslinked}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-rss&action=edit tooltip-rss] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-rss|Talk]] </td><td> RSS feed for this page </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-rss}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-save&action=edit tooltip-save] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-save|Talk]] </td><td> Save you changes [alt-s] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-save}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-search&action=edit tooltip-search] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-search|Talk]] </td><td> Search this wiki [alt-f] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-search}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-sitesupport&action=edit tooltip-sitesupport] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-sitesupport|Talk]] </td><td> Support Wikipedia </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-sitesupport}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-specialpage&action=edit tooltip-specialpage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-specialpage|Talk]] </td><td> This is a special page, you can't edit the page itself. </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-specialpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-specialpages&action=edit tooltip-specialpages] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-specialpages|Talk]] </td><td> List of all special pages [alt-q] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-specialpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-talk&action=edit tooltip-talk] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-talk|Talk]] </td><td> Discussion about the content page [alt-t] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-talk}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-undelete&action=edit tooltip-undelete] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-undelete|Talk]] </td><td> Restore $1 deleted edits to this page [alt-d] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-undelete}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-unwatch&action=edit tooltip-unwatch] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-unwatch|Talk]] </td><td> Remove this page from your watchlist [alt-w] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-unwatch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-upload&action=edit tooltip-upload] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-upload|Talk]] </td><td> Upload images or media files [alt-u] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-upload}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-userpage&action=edit tooltip-userpage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-userpage|Talk]] </td><td> My user page [alt-.] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-userpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-viewsource&action=edit tooltip-viewsource] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-viewsource|Talk]] </td><td> This page is protected. You can view it's source. [alt-e] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-viewsource}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-watch&action=edit tooltip-watch] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-watch|Talk]] </td><td> Add this page to your watchlist [alt-w] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-watch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-watchlist&action=edit tooltip-watchlist] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-watchlist|Talk]] </td><td> The list of pages you're monitoring for changes. [alt-l] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-watchlist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-whatlinkshere&action=edit tooltip-whatlinkshere] [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-whatlinkshere|Talk]] </td><td> List of all wiki pages that link here [alt-b] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-whatlinkshere}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uclinks&action=edit uclinks] [[MediaWiki_talk:Uclinks|Talk]] </td><td> View the last $1 changes; view the last $2 days. </td><td> {{int:Uclinks}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ucnote&action=edit ucnote] [[MediaWiki_talk:Ucnote|Talk]] </td><td> Below are this user's last $1 changes in the last $2 days. </td><td> {{int:Ucnote}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uctop&action=edit uctop] [[MediaWiki_talk:Uctop|Talk]] </td><td> (top) </td><td> {{int:Uctop}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unblockip&action=edit unblockip] [[MediaWiki_talk:Unblockip|Talk]] </td><td> Unblock user </td><td> {{int:Unblockip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unblockiptext&action=edit unblockiptext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Unblockiptext|Talk]] </td><td> Use the form below to restore write access to a previously blocked IP address or username. </td><td> {{int:Unblockiptext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unblocklink&action=edit unblocklink] [[MediaWiki_talk:Unblocklink|Talk]] </td><td> unblock </td><td> {{int:Unblocklink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unblocklogentry&action=edit unblocklogentry] [[MediaWiki_talk:Unblocklogentry|Talk]] </td><td> unblocked "$1" </td><td> {{int:Unblocklogentry}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undelete&action=edit undelete] [[MediaWiki_talk:Undelete|Talk]] </td><td> Restore deleted page </td><td> {{int:Undelete}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undelete_short&action=edit undelete_short] [[MediaWiki_talk:Undelete_short|Talk]] </td><td> Undelete </td><td> {{int:Undelete_short}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletearticle&action=edit undeletearticle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Undeletearticle|Talk]] </td><td> Restore deleted page </td><td> {{int:Undeletearticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletebtn&action=edit undeletebtn] [[MediaWiki_talk:Undeletebtn|Talk]] </td><td> Restore! </td><td> {{int:Undeletebtn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletedarticle&action=edit undeletedarticle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Undeletedarticle|Talk]] </td><td> restored "$1" </td><td> {{int:Undeletedarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletedtext&action=edit undeletedtext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Undeletedtext|Talk]] </td><td> [[$1]] has been successfully restored. See [[Wikipedia:Deletion_log]] for a record of recent deletions and restorations. </td><td> {{int:Undeletedtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletehistory&action=edit undeletehistory] [[MediaWiki_talk:Undeletehistory|Talk]] </td><td> If you restore the page, all revisions will be restored to the history. If a new page with the same name has been created since the deletion, the restored revisions will appear in the prior history, and the current revision of the live page will not be automatically replaced. </td><td> {{int:Undeletehistory}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletepage&action=edit undeletepage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Undeletepage|Talk]] </td><td> View and restore deleted pages </td><td> {{int:Undeletepage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletepagetext&action=edit undeletepagetext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Undeletepagetext|Talk]] </td><td> The following pages have been deleted but are still in the archive and can be restored. The archive may be periodically cleaned out. </td><td> {{int:Undeletepagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeleterevision&action=edit undeleterevision] [[MediaWiki_talk:Undeleterevision|Talk]] </td><td> Deleted revision as of $1 </td><td> {{int:Undeleterevision}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeleterevisions&action=edit undeleterevisions] [[MediaWiki_talk:Undeleterevisions|Talk]] </td><td> $1 revisions archived </td><td> {{int:Undeleterevisions}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unexpected&action=edit unexpected] [[MediaWiki_talk:Unexpected|Talk]] </td><td> Unexpected value: "$1"="$2". </td><td> {{int:Unexpected}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockbtn&action=edit unlockbtn] [[MediaWiki_talk:Unlockbtn|Talk]] </td><td> Unlock database </td><td> {{int:Unlockbtn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockconfirm&action=edit unlockconfirm] [[MediaWiki_talk:Unlockconfirm|Talk]] </td><td> Yes, I really want to unlock the database. </td><td> {{int:Unlockconfirm}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockdb&action=edit unlockdb] [[MediaWiki_talk:Unlockdb|Talk]] </td><td> Unlock database </td><td> {{int:Unlockdb}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockdbsuccesssub&action=edit unlockdbsuccesssub] [[MediaWiki_talk:Unlockdbsuccesssub|Talk]] </td><td> Database lock removed </td><td> {{int:Unlockdbsuccesssub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockdbsuccesstext&action=edit unlockdbsuccesstext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Unlockdbsuccesstext|Talk]] </td><td> The database has been unlocked. </td><td> {{int:Unlockdbsuccesstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockdbtext&action=edit unlockdbtext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Unlockdbtext|Talk]] </td><td> Unlocking the database will restore the ability of all users to edit pages, change their preferences, edit their watchlists, and other things requiring changes in the database. Please confirm that this is what you intend to do. </td><td> {{int:Unlockdbtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unprotect&action=edit unprotect] [[MediaWiki_talk:Unprotect|Talk]] </td><td> Unprotect </td><td> {{int:Unprotect}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unprotectcomment&action=edit unprotectcomment] [[MediaWiki_talk:Unprotectcomment|Talk]] </td><td> Reason for unprotecting </td><td> {{int:Unprotectcomment}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unprotectedarticle&action=edit unprotectedarticle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Unprotectedarticle|Talk]] </td><td> unprotected [[$1]] </td><td> {{int:Unprotectedarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unprotectsub&action=edit unprotectsub] [[MediaWiki_talk:Unprotectsub|Talk]] </td><td> (Unprotecting "$1") </td><td> {{int:Unprotectsub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unprotectthispage&action=edit unprotectthispage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Unprotectthispage|Talk]] </td><td> Unprotect this page </td><td> {{int:Unprotectthispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unusedimages&action=edit unusedimages] [[MediaWiki_talk:Unusedimages|Talk]] </td><td> Unused images </td><td> {{int:Unusedimages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unusedimagestext&action=edit unusedimagestext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Unusedimagestext|Talk]] </td><td> Please note that other web sites may link to an image with a direct URL, and so may still be listed here despite being in active use. </td><td> {{int:Unusedimagestext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unwatch&action=edit unwatch] [[MediaWiki_talk:Unwatch|Talk]] </td><td> Unwatch </td><td> {{int:Unwatch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unwatchthispage&action=edit unwatchthispage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Unwatchthispage|Talk]] </td><td> Stop watching </td><td> {{int:Unwatchthispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Updated&action=edit updated] [[MediaWiki_talk:Updated|Talk]] </td><td> (Updated) </td><td> {{int:Updated}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Upload&action=edit upload] [[MediaWiki_talk:Upload|Talk]] </td><td> Upload file </td><td> {{int:Upload}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadbtn&action=edit uploadbtn] [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadbtn|Talk]] </td><td> Upload file </td><td> {{int:Uploadbtn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploaddisabled&action=edit uploaddisabled] [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploaddisabled|Talk]] </td><td> Sorry, uploading is disabled. </td><td> {{int:Uploaddisabled}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadedfiles&action=edit uploadedfiles] [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadedfiles|Talk]] </td><td> Uploaded files </td><td> {{int:Uploadedfiles}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadedimage&action=edit uploadedimage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadedimage|Talk]] </td><td> uploaded "$1" </td><td> {{int:Uploadedimage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploaderror&action=edit uploaderror] [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploaderror|Talk]] </td><td> Upload error </td><td> {{int:Uploaderror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadfile&action=edit uploadfile] [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadfile|Talk]] </td><td> Upload images, sounds, documents etc. </td><td> {{int:Uploadfile}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadlink&action=edit uploadlink] [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadlink|Talk]] </td><td> Upload images </td><td> {{int:Uploadlink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadlog&action=edit uploadlog] [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadlog|Talk]] </td><td> upload log </td><td> {{int:Uploadlog}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadlogpage&action=edit uploadlogpage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadlogpage|Talk]] </td><td> Upload_log </td><td> {{int:Uploadlogpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadlogpagetext&action=edit uploadlogpagetext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadlogpagetext|Talk]] </td><td> Below is a list of the most recent file uploads. All times shown are server time (UTC). <ul> </ul> </td><td> {{int:Uploadlogpagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadnologin&action=edit uploadnologin] [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadnologin|Talk]] </td><td> Not logged in </td><td> {{int:Uploadnologin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadnologintext&action=edit uploadnologintext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadnologintext|Talk]] </td><td> You must be <a href="/wiki/Special:Userlogin">logged in</a> to upload files. </td><td> {{int:Uploadnologintext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadtext&action=edit uploadtext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadtext|Talk]] </td><td> STOP! Before you upload here, make sure to read and follow the <a href="/wiki/Special:Image_use_policy">image use policy</a>. If a file with the name you are specifying already exists on the wiki, it'll be replaced without warning. So unless you mean to update a file, it's a good idea to first check if such a file exists. To view or search previously uploaded images, go to the <a href="/wiki/Special:Imagelist">list of uploaded images</a>. Uploads and deletions are logged on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Upload_log">upload log</a>. Use the form below to upload new image files for use in illustrating your pages. On most browsers, you will see a "Browse..." button, which will bring up your operating system's standard file open dialog. Choosing a file will fill the name of that file into the text field next to the button. You must also check the box affirming that you are not violating any copyrights by uploading the file. Press the "Upload" button to finish the upload. This may take some time if you have a slow internet connection. The preferred formats are JPEG for photographic images, PNG for drawings and other iconic images, and OGG for sounds. Please name your files descriptively to avoid confusion. To include the image in a page, use a link in the form [[Image:file.jpg]] or [[Image:file.ogg]] for sounds. Please note that as with wiki pages, others may edit or delete your uploads if they think it serves the project, and you may be blocked from uploading if you abuse the system. </td><td> {{int:Uploadtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadwarning&action=edit uploadwarning] [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadwarning|Talk]] </td><td> Upload warning </td><td> {{int:Uploadwarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:User_rights_set&action=edit user_rights_set] [[MediaWiki_talk:User_rights_set|Talk]] </td><td> User rights for "$1" updated </td><td> {{int:User_rights_set}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Usercssjs&action=edit usercssjs] [[MediaWiki_talk:Usercssjs|Talk]] </td><td> '''Note:''' After saving, you have to tell your bowser to get the new version: '''Mozilla:''' click ''reload''(or ''ctrl-r''), '''IE / Opera:''' ''ctrl-f5'', '''Safari:''' ''cmd-r'', '''Konqueror''' ''ctrl-r''. </td><td> {{int:Usercssjs}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Usercssjsyoucanpreview&action=edit usercssjsyoucanpreview] [[MediaWiki_talk:Usercssjsyoucanpreview|Talk]] </td><td> Tip: Use the 'Show preview' button to test your new css/js before saving. </td><td> {{int:Usercssjsyoucanpreview}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Usercsspreview&action=edit usercsspreview] [[MediaWiki_talk:Usercsspreview|Talk]] </td><td> '''Remember that you are only previewing your user css, it has not yet been saved!''' </td><td> {{int:Usercsspreview}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userexists&action=edit userexists] [[MediaWiki_talk:Userexists|Talk]] </td><td> The user name you entered is already in use. Please choose a different name. </td><td> {{int:Userexists}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userjspreview&action=edit userjspreview] [[MediaWiki_talk:Userjspreview|Talk]] </td><td> '''Remember that you are only testing/previewing your user javascript, it has not yet been saved!''' </td><td> {{int:Userjspreview}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userlogin&action=edit userlogin] [[MediaWiki_talk:Userlogin|Talk]] </td><td> Log in </td><td> {{int:Userlogin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userlogout&action=edit userlogout] [[MediaWiki_talk:Userlogout|Talk]] </td><td> Log out </td><td> {{int:Userlogout}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Usermailererror&action=edit usermailererror] [[MediaWiki_talk:Usermailererror|Talk]] </td><td> Mail object returned error: </td><td> {{int:Usermailererror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userpage&action=edit userpage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Userpage|Talk]] </td><td> View user page </td><td> {{int:Userpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userstats&action=edit userstats] [[MediaWiki_talk:Userstats|Talk]] </td><td> User statistics </td><td> {{int:Userstats}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userstatstext&action=edit userstatstext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Userstatstext|Talk]] </td><td> There are '''$1''' registered users. '''$2''' of these are administrators (see $3). </td><td> {{int:Userstatstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Version&action=edit version] [[MediaWiki_talk:Version|Talk]] </td><td> Version </td><td> {{int:Version}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Viewcount&action=edit viewcount] [[MediaWiki_talk:Viewcount|Talk]] </td><td> This page has been accessed $1 times. </td><td> {{int:Viewcount}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Viewprevnext&action=edit viewprevnext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Viewprevnext|Talk]] </td><td> View ($1) ($2) ($3). </td><td> {{int:Viewprevnext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Viewsource&action=edit viewsource] [[MediaWiki_talk:Viewsource|Talk]] </td><td> View source </td><td> {{int:Viewsource}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Viewtalkpage&action=edit viewtalkpage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Viewtalkpage|Talk]] </td><td> View discussion </td><td> {{int:Viewtalkpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wantedpages&action=edit wantedpages] [[MediaWiki_talk:Wantedpages|Talk]] </td><td> Wanted pages </td><td> {{int:Wantedpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watch&action=edit watch] [[MediaWiki_talk:Watch|Talk]] </td><td> Watch </td><td> {{int:Watch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchdetails&action=edit watchdetails] [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchdetails|Talk]] </td><td> ($1 pages watched not counting talk pages; $2 total pages edited since cutoff; $3... <a href='$4'>show and edit complete list</a>.) </td><td> {{int:Watchdetails}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watcheditlist&action=edit watcheditlist] [[MediaWiki_talk:Watcheditlist|Talk]] </td><td> Here's an alphabetical list of your watched pages. Check the boxes of pages you want to remove from your watchlist and click the 'remove checked' button at the bottom of the screen. </td><td> {{int:Watcheditlist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchlist&action=edit watchlist] [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchlist|Talk]] </td><td> My watchlist </td><td> {{int:Watchlist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchlistcontains&action=edit watchlistcontains] [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchlistcontains|Talk]] </td><td> Your watchlist contains $1 pages. </td><td> {{int:Watchlistcontains}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchlistsub&action=edit watchlistsub] [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchlistsub|Talk]] </td><td> (for user "$1") </td><td> {{int:Watchlistsub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchmethod-list&action=edit watchmethod-list] [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchmethod-list|Talk]] </td><td> checking watched pages for recent edits </td><td> {{int:Watchmethod-list}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchmethod-recent&action=edit watchmethod-recent] [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchmethod-recent|Talk]] </td><td> checking recent edits for watched pages </td><td> {{int:Watchmethod-recent}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchnochange&action=edit watchnochange] [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchnochange|Talk]] </td><td> None of your watched items were edited in the time period displayed. </td><td> {{int:Watchnochange}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchnologin&action=edit watchnologin] [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchnologin|Talk]] </td><td> Not logged in </td><td> {{int:Watchnologin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchnologintext&action=edit watchnologintext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchnologintext|Talk]] </td><td> You must be <a href="/wiki/Special:Userlogin">logged in</a> to modify your watchlist. </td><td> {{int:Watchnologintext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchthis&action=edit watchthis] [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchthis|Talk]] </td><td> Watch this page </td><td> {{int:Watchthis}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchthispage&action=edit watchthispage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchthispage|Talk]] </td><td> Watch this page </td><td> {{int:Watchthispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Welcomecreation&action=edit welcomecreation] [[MediaWiki_talk:Welcomecreation|Talk]] </td><td> <h2>Welcome, $1!</h2>Your account has been created. Don't forget to change your Wikipedia preferences. </td><td> {{int:Welcomecreation}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whatlinkshere&action=edit whatlinkshere] [[MediaWiki_talk:Whatlinkshere|Talk]] </td><td> What links here </td><td> {{int:Whatlinkshere}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistacctext&action=edit whitelistacctext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Whitelistacctext|Talk]] </td><td> To be allowed to create accounts in this Wiki you have to [[Special:Userlogin|log]] in and have the appropriate permissions. </td><td> {{int:Whitelistacctext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistacctitle&action=edit whitelistacctitle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Whitelistacctitle|Talk]] </td><td> You are not allowed to create an account </td><td> {{int:Whitelistacctitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistedittext&action=edit whitelistedittext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Whitelistedittext|Talk]] </td><td> You have to [[Special:Userlogin|login]] to edit pages. </td><td> {{int:Whitelistedittext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistedittitle&action=edit whitelistedittitle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Whitelistedittitle|Talk]] </td><td> Login required to edit </td><td> {{int:Whitelistedittitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistreadtext&action=edit whitelistreadtext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Whitelistreadtext|Talk]] </td><td> You have to [[Special:Userlogin|login]] to read pages. </td><td> {{int:Whitelistreadtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistreadtitle&action=edit whitelistreadtitle] [[MediaWiki_talk:Whitelistreadtitle|Talk]] </td><td> Login required to read </td><td> {{int:Whitelistreadtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wikipediapage&action=edit wikipediapage] [[MediaWiki_talk:Wikipediapage|Talk]] </td><td> View project page </td><td> {{int:Wikipediapage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wikititlesuffix&action=edit wikititlesuffix] [[MediaWiki_talk:Wikititlesuffix|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia </td><td> {{int:Wikititlesuffix}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wlnote&action=edit wlnote] [[MediaWiki_talk:Wlnote|Talk]] </td><td> Below are the last $1 changes in the last $2 hours. </td><td> {{int:Wlnote}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wlsaved&action=edit wlsaved] [[MediaWiki_talk:Wlsaved|Talk]] </td><td> This is a saved version of your watchlist. </td><td> {{int:Wlsaved}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wlshowlast&action=edit wlshowlast] [[MediaWiki_talk:Wlshowlast|Talk]] </td><td> Show last $1 hours $2 days $3 </td><td> {{int:Wlshowlast}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wrong_wfQuery_params&action=edit wrong_wfQuery_params] [[MediaWiki_talk:Wrong_wfQuery_params|Talk]] </td><td> Incorrect parameters to wfQuery() Function: $1 Query: $2 </td><td> {{int:Wrong_wfQuery_params}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wrongpassword&action=edit wrongpassword] [[MediaWiki_talk:Wrongpassword|Talk]] </td><td> The password you entered is incorrect. Please try again. </td><td> {{int:Wrongpassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourdiff&action=edit yourdiff] [[MediaWiki_talk:Yourdiff|Talk]] </td><td> Differences </td><td> {{int:Yourdiff}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Youremail&action=edit youremail] [[MediaWiki_talk:Youremail|Talk]] </td><td> Your email* </td><td> {{int:Youremail}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourname&action=edit yourname] [[MediaWiki_talk:Yourname|Talk]] </td><td> Your user name </td><td> {{int:Yourname}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yournick&action=edit yournick] [[MediaWiki_talk:Yournick|Talk]] </td><td> Your nickname (for signatures) </td><td> {{int:Yournick}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourpassword&action=edit yourpassword] [[MediaWiki_talk:Yourpassword|Talk]] </td><td> Your password </td><td> {{int:Yourpassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourpasswordagain&action=edit yourpasswordagain] [[MediaWiki_talk:Yourpasswordagain|Talk]] </td><td> Retype password </td><td> {{int:Yourpasswordagain}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourrealname&action=edit yourrealname] [[MediaWiki_talk:Yourrealname|Talk]] </td><td> Your real name* </td><td> {{int:Yourrealname}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourtext&action=edit yourtext] [[MediaWiki_talk:Yourtext|Talk]] </td><td> Your text </td><td> {{int:Yourtext}} </td></tr></table> MediaWiki:All messages 836 3402 2004-06-03T09:13:48Z Template namespace initialisation script MediaWiki:All messages moved to Template:All messages #redirect [[Template:All messages]] MediaWiki:All system messages 837 3403 2004-06-03T09:13:48Z Template namespace initialisation script MediaWiki:All system messages moved to Template:All system messages #redirect [[Template:All system messages]] MediaWiki:Gnunote 838 3404 2004-06-03T09:13:49Z Template namespace initialisation script MediaWiki:Gnunote moved to Template:Gnunote #redirect [[Template:Gnunote]] MediaWiki:Sitesupportpage 839 3405 2004-06-03T09:13:49Z Template namespace initialisation script MediaWiki:Sitesupportpage moved to Template:Sitesupportpage #redirect [[Template:Sitesupportpage]] Wikipedia:Broken/ 840 sysop 3406 2004-08-13T12:55:24Z 24.29.135.164 <table> <tr><td align="right"><a href="/w/wiki.phtml?title=Special:Allpages&from=Albert_Einstein" title ="Special:Allpages">Albert Einstein</a></td><td> to </td><td align="left">Zores Ivanovic Alferov</td></tr> </table> User:Davidcannon 841 3407 2004-10-07T11:01:29Z Davidcannon 6 {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} MediaWiki:1movedto2 redir 842 sysop 1653 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default $1 moved to $2 over redirect 3408 2005-06-25T11:23:01Z MediaWiki default $1 moved to $2 over redirect 3668 2005-07-03T13:47:10Z MediaWiki default [[$1]] moved to [[$2]] over redirect 4170 2005-07-29T11:09:14Z MediaWiki default $1 moved to $2 over redirect 4503 2005-11-09T23:10:56Z MediaWiki default [[$1]] moved to [[$2]] over redirect MediaWiki:Monobook.css 843 sysop 1654 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default /* edit this file to customize the monobook skin for the entire site */ 3409 2005-06-25T11:23:01Z MediaWiki default /* edit this file to customize the monobook skin for the entire site */ 5395 2006-05-18T12:24:13Z Lee 85 /* '''CSS for Monobook skin only''' '''Notice to Administrators!''' Any changes to [[Mediawiki:Monobook.css|Monobook.css]] or [[MediaWiki:Common.css|Common.css]] should be first proposed to [[Wikipedia:Village Pump]]. Furthermore, changes should probably be made in [[MediaWiki:Common.css]] rather than this page, unless there is no effect in [[MediaWiki:Common.css]]. Testing can be done on your own user Monobook.css. (In [[Mozilla]] and [[Opera (web browser)|Opera]], you can also test style changes dynamically with the [http://www.squarefree.com/bookmarklets/webdevel.html test styles] bookmarklet from squarefree.com. It pops up a window for adding style rules, and updates the page as you type.) Always check with the [http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/validator?uri=http%3A%2F%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DMediaWiki%3AMonobook.css%26action%3Draw%26ctype%3Dtext%2Fcss&usermedium=all W3C CSS Validation Service] after any changes. Thank you. <pre><nowiki>*/ /* Donations link to be uncommented during fundraising drives */ #siteNotice { margin-top:5px; padding-left: 4px; font-style: italic; text-align: center; } /* #fundraising { text-align: center; border: 1px solid gray; padding: 5px; } */ /****************************/ /* BEGIN LIGHT BLUE SECTION */ /****************************/ /* Make all non-namespace pages have a light blue content area. This is done by setting the background color for all #content areas to light blue and then overriding it for any #content enclosed in a .ns-0 (main namespace). I then do the same for the "tab" background colors. --Lupo */ #content { background: #F8FCFF; /* a light blue */ } #content div.thumb { border-color: #F8FCFF; } .ns-0 * #content { background: white; } #mytabs li { background: #F8FCFF; } .ns-0 * #mytabs li { background: white; } #mytabs li a { background-color: #F8FCFF; } .ns-0 * #mytabs li a { background-color: white; } #p-cactions li a, #p-cactions li a:hover, #p-cactions li.selected a { background-color: #F8FCFF; } .ns-0 * #p-cactions li a { background-color: #fbfbfb; } .ns-0 * #p-cactions li.selected a, .ns-0 * #p-cactions li a:hover { background-color: white; } .ns-0 * #content div.thumb { border-color: white; } /**************************/ /* END LIGHT BLUE SECTION */ /**************************/ /* Display "From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" */ #siteSub { display: inline; font-size: 92%; font-weight: normal; } #bodyContent #siteSub a { color: #000; text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; padding-right: 0; } /* Bold 'edit this page' link to encourage newcomers */ #ca-edit a { font-weight: bold !important; } /* Display "User $1, you are already logged in!" ([[MediaWiki:Alreadyloggedin]]) in red and bold */ div.alreadyloggedin { color: red; font-weight: bold; } @media print { /* Do not print edit link in templates using Template:Ed Do not print certain classes that shouldn't appear on paper */ .editlink, .noprint, .metadata, .dablink { display: none } #content { background: #FFFFFF; } /* white background on print */ } /* Accessibility experiment: make diff changes not just colour-based */ .diffchange { font-weight: bold; background-color: inherit; } td.diff-addedline, td.diff-deletedline, td.diff-context { font-size: 85%; color: inherit; } #pt-login { font-weight: bold; font-size: 110%; } form#userlogin { float: left; padding: 1em 1em .7em 1em; background-color: #ffffe6; border: 2px solid #fc6; color: #000; margin-right: 2em; } form#userlogin table { float: left; background-color: #ffffe6; color: #000; } p.error { font-weight: bold; } /* Class styles */ /* .toccolours added here because version in monobook/main.css wasn't being used by the print style */ .toccolours { border:1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color:#f9f9f9; padding:5px; font-size: 95%; } /* Remove padding from external links displayed without icon */ #bodyContent .plainlinks a {padding: 0 !important} #p-nav h5 { display: none; } .portlet a { text-decoration: none; } .portlet a:hover { text-decoration: underline; } #p-nav .pBody { padding-right: 0; } #p-nav a { display: block; width: 100%; } /* Special characters list below edit window works better without underlining */ #editpage-specialchars a { text-decoration: none; } #editpage-specialchars a:hover { text-decoration: underline; } /* If you don't want to see special characters list at all, put the following line in your User:You/monobook.css file (and remove the slash-asterisk comments) */ /* #editpage-specialchars { display: none; } */ /* Makes the background of a framed image white instead of gray. */ /* Only visible with transparent images. */ /* See #Framed_image_background_color */ div.thumb div a img { background-color:#ffffff; } /* To position the spoken article link at the top of page Commented out while sitenotice present */ #spoken { position: absolute; float: right; text-align: right; font-size: 90%; right: 0; z-index: 1; background: none; border-bottom-style: none; top: -2.2em; display: block !important; } /* try adding here, this had no effect in [[MediaWiki:Common.css]] */ .plainlinksneverexpand a.external.text:after { display: none !important } /* Standard Navigationsleisten, aka box hiding thingy from .de.*/ div.Boxmerge, div.NavFrame { margin: 0px; padding: 2px; border: 1px solid #aaaaaa; text-align: center; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%; } div.Boxmerge div.NavFrame { border-style: none; border-style: hidden; } div.NavFrame + div.NavFrame { border-top-style: none; border-top-style: hidden; } div.NavPic { background-color: #ffffff; margin: 0px; padding: 2px; float: left; } div.NavFrame div.NavHead { height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-size: 100%; background-color: #efefef; position:relative; } div.NavFrame p { font-size: 100%; } div.NavFrame div.NavContent { font-size: 100%; } div.NavFrame div.NavContent p { font-size: 100%; } div.NavEnd { margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 1px; clear: both; } a.NavToggle { position:absolute; top:0px; right:3px; font-weight:normal; font-size:smaller; } #coordinates { position:absolute; z-index:1; border:none; background:none; right:30px; top:3.7em; float:right; margin:0.0em; padding:0.0em; line-height:1.5em; text-align:right; text-indent:0; font-size:85%; text-transform:none; white-space:nowrap; } /*</nowiki></pre>*/ MediaWiki:Monobook.js 844 sysop 1655 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default /* tooltips and access keys */ ta = new Object(); ta['pt-userpage'] = new Array('.','My user page'); ta['pt-anonuserpage'] = new Array('.','The user page for the ip you\'re editing as'); ta['pt-mytalk'] = new Array('n','My talk page'); ta['pt-anontalk'] = new Array('n','Discussion about edits from this ip address'); ta['pt-preferences'] = new Array('','My preferences'); ta['pt-watchlist'] = new Array('l','The list of pages you\'re monitoring for changes.'); ta['pt-mycontris'] = new Array('y','List of my contributions'); ta['pt-login'] = new Array('o','You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however.'); ta['pt-anonlogin'] = new Array('o','You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however.'); ta['pt-logout'] = new Array('o','Log out'); ta['ca-talk'] = new Array('t','Discussion about the content page'); ta['ca-edit'] = new Array('e','You can edit this page. Please use the preview button before saving.'); ta['ca-addsection'] = new Array('+','Add a comment to this discussion.'); ta['ca-viewsource'] = new Array('e','This page is protected. You can view its source.'); ta['ca-history'] = new Array('h','Past versions of this page.'); ta['ca-protect'] = new Array('=','Protect this page'); ta['ca-delete'] = new Array('d','Delete this page'); ta['ca-undelete'] = new Array('d','Restore the edits done to this page before it was deleted'); ta['ca-move'] = new Array('m','Move this page'); ta['ca-nomove'] = new Array('','You don\'t have the permissions to move this page'); ta['ca-watch'] = new Array('w','Add this page to your watchlist'); ta['ca-unwatch'] = new Array('w','Remove this page from your watchlist'); ta['search'] = new Array('f','Search this wiki'); ta['p-logo'] = new Array('','Main Page'); ta['n-mainpage'] = new Array('z','Visit the Main Page'); ta['n-portal'] = new Array('','About the project, what you can do, where to find things'); ta['n-currentevents'] = new Array('','Find background information on current events'); ta['n-recentchanges'] = new Array('r','The list of recent changes in the wiki.'); ta['n-randompage'] = new Array('x','Load a random page'); ta['n-help'] = new Array('','The place to find out.'); ta['n-sitesupport'] = new Array('','Support us'); ta['t-whatlinkshere'] = new Array('j','List of all wiki pages that link here'); ta['t-recentchangeslinked'] = new Array('k','Recent changes in pages linked from this page'); ta['feed-rss'] = new Array('','RSS feed for this page'); ta['feed-atom'] = new Array('','Atom feed for this page'); ta['t-contributions'] = new Array('','View the list of contributions of this user'); ta['t-emailuser'] = new Array('','Send a mail to this user'); ta['t-upload'] = new Array('u','Upload images or media files'); ta['t-specialpages'] = new Array('q','List of all special pages'); ta['ca-nstab-main'] = new Array('c','View the content page'); ta['ca-nstab-user'] = new Array('c','View the user page'); ta['ca-nstab-media'] = new Array('c','View the media page'); ta['ca-nstab-special'] = new Array('','This is a special page, you can\'t edit the page itself.'); ta['ca-nstab-wp'] = new Array('a','View the project page'); ta['ca-nstab-image'] = new Array('c','View the image page'); ta['ca-nstab-mediawiki'] = new Array('c','View the system message'); ta['ca-nstab-template'] = new Array('c','View the template'); ta['ca-nstab-help'] = new Array('c','View the help page'); ta['ca-nstab-category'] = new Array('c','View the category page'); 3410 2005-06-25T11:23:01Z MediaWiki default /* tooltips and access keys */ ta = new Object(); ta['pt-userpage'] = new Array('.','My user page'); ta['pt-anonuserpage'] = new Array('.','The user page for the ip you\'re editing as'); ta['pt-mytalk'] = new Array('n','My talk page'); ta['pt-anontalk'] = new Array('n','Discussion about edits from this ip address'); ta['pt-preferences'] = new Array('','My preferences'); ta['pt-watchlist'] = new Array('l','The list of pages you\'re monitoring for changes.'); ta['pt-mycontris'] = new Array('y','List of my contributions'); ta['pt-login'] = new Array('o','You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however.'); ta['pt-anonlogin'] = new Array('o','You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however.'); ta['pt-logout'] = new Array('o','Log out'); ta['ca-talk'] = new Array('t','Discussion about the content page'); ta['ca-edit'] = new Array('e','You can edit this page. Please use the preview button before saving.'); ta['ca-addsection'] = new Array('+','Add a comment to this discussion.'); ta['ca-viewsource'] = new Array('e','This page is protected. You can view its source.'); ta['ca-history'] = new Array('h','Past versions of this page.'); ta['ca-protect'] = new Array('=','Protect this page'); ta['ca-delete'] = new Array('d','Delete this page'); ta['ca-undelete'] = new Array('d','Restore the edits done to this page before it was deleted'); ta['ca-move'] = new Array('m','Move this page'); ta['ca-nomove'] = new Array('','You don\'t have the permissions to move this page'); ta['ca-watch'] = new Array('w','Add this page to your watchlist'); ta['ca-unwatch'] = new Array('w','Remove this page from your watchlist'); ta['search'] = new Array('f','Search this wiki'); ta['p-logo'] = new Array('','Main Page'); ta['n-mainpage'] = new Array('z','Visit the Main Page'); ta['n-portal'] = new Array('','About the project, what you can do, where to find things'); ta['n-currentevents'] = new Array('','Find background information on current events'); ta['n-recentchanges'] = new Array('r','The list of recent changes in the wiki.'); ta['n-randompage'] = new Array('x','Load a random page'); ta['n-help'] = new Array('','The place to find out.'); ta['n-sitesupport'] = new Array('','Support us'); ta['t-whatlinkshere'] = new Array('j','List of all wiki pages that link here'); ta['t-recentchangeslinked'] = new Array('k','Recent changes in pages linked from this page'); ta['feed-rss'] = new Array('','RSS feed for this page'); ta['feed-atom'] = new Array('','Atom feed for this page'); ta['t-contributions'] = new Array('','View the list of contributions of this user'); ta['t-emailuser'] = new Array('','Send a mail to this user'); ta['t-upload'] = new Array('u','Upload images or media files'); ta['t-specialpages'] = new Array('q','List of all special pages'); ta['ca-nstab-main'] = new Array('c','View the content page'); ta['ca-nstab-user'] = new Array('c','View the user page'); ta['ca-nstab-media'] = new Array('c','View the media page'); ta['ca-nstab-special'] = new Array('','This is a special page, you can\'t edit the page itself.'); ta['ca-nstab-wp'] = new Array('a','View the project page'); ta['ca-nstab-image'] = new Array('c','View the image page'); ta['ca-nstab-mediawiki'] = new Array('c','View the system message'); ta['ca-nstab-template'] = new Array('c','View the template'); ta['ca-nstab-help'] = new Array('c','View the help page'); ta['ca-nstab-category'] = new Array('c','View the category page'); 4171 2005-07-29T11:09:14Z MediaWiki default /* tooltips and access keys */ ta = new Object(); ta['pt-userpage'] = new Array('.','My user page'); ta['pt-anonuserpage'] = new Array('.','The user page for the ip you\'re editing as'); ta['pt-mytalk'] = new Array('n','My talk page'); ta['pt-anontalk'] = new Array('n','Discussion about edits from this ip address'); ta['pt-preferences'] = new Array('','My preferences'); ta['pt-watchlist'] = new Array('l','The list of pages you\'re monitoring for changes.'); ta['pt-mycontris'] = new Array('y','List of my contributions'); ta['pt-login'] = new Array('o','You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however.'); ta['pt-anonlogin'] = new Array('o','You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however.'); ta['pt-logout'] = new Array('o','Log out'); ta['ca-talk'] = new Array('t','Discussion about the content page'); ta['ca-edit'] = new Array('e','You can edit this page. Please use the preview button before saving.'); ta['ca-addsection'] = new Array('+','Add a comment to this discussion.'); ta['ca-viewsource'] = new Array('e','This page is protected. You can view its source.'); ta['ca-history'] = new Array('h','Past versions of this page.'); ta['ca-protect'] = new Array('=','Protect this page'); ta['ca-delete'] = new Array('d','Delete this page'); ta['ca-undelete'] = new Array('d','Restore the edits done to this page before it was deleted'); ta['ca-move'] = new Array('m','Move this page'); ta['ca-watch'] = new Array('w','Add this page to your watchlist'); ta['ca-unwatch'] = new Array('w','Remove this page from your watchlist'); ta['search'] = new Array('f','Search this wiki'); ta['p-logo'] = new Array('','Main Page'); ta['n-mainpage'] = new Array('z','Visit the Main Page'); ta['n-portal'] = new Array('','About the project, what you can do, where to find things'); ta['n-currentevents'] = new Array('','Find background information on current events'); ta['n-recentchanges'] = new Array('r','The list of recent changes in the wiki.'); ta['n-randompage'] = new Array('x','Load a random page'); ta['n-help'] = new Array('','The place to find out.'); ta['n-sitesupport'] = new Array('','Support us'); ta['t-whatlinkshere'] = new Array('j','List of all wiki pages that link here'); ta['t-recentchangeslinked'] = new Array('k','Recent changes in pages linked from this page'); ta['feed-rss'] = new Array('','RSS feed for this page'); ta['feed-atom'] = new Array('','Atom feed for this page'); ta['t-contributions'] = new Array('','View the list of contributions of this user'); ta['t-emailuser'] = new Array('','Send a mail to this user'); ta['t-upload'] = new Array('u','Upload images or media files'); ta['t-specialpages'] = new Array('q','List of all special pages'); ta['ca-nstab-main'] = new Array('c','View the content page'); ta['ca-nstab-user'] = new Array('c','View the user page'); ta['ca-nstab-media'] = new Array('c','View the media page'); ta['ca-nstab-special'] = new Array('','This is a special page, you can\'t edit the page itself.'); ta['ca-nstab-wp'] = new Array('a','View the project page'); ta['ca-nstab-image'] = new Array('c','View the image page'); ta['ca-nstab-mediawiki'] = new Array('c','View the system message'); ta['ca-nstab-template'] = new Array('c','View the template'); ta['ca-nstab-help'] = new Array('c','View the help page'); ta['ca-nstab-category'] = new Array('c','View the category page'); 4252 2005-08-19T23:37:29Z MediaWiki default /* tooltips and access keys */ ta = new Object(); ta['pt-userpage'] = new Array('.','My user page'); ta['pt-anonuserpage'] = new Array('.','The user page for the ip you\'re editing as'); ta['pt-mytalk'] = new Array('n','My talk page'); ta['pt-anontalk'] = new Array('n','Discussion about edits from this ip address'); ta['pt-preferences'] = new Array('','My preferences'); ta['pt-watchlist'] = new Array('l','The list of pages you\'re monitoring for changes.'); ta['pt-mycontris'] = new Array('y','List of my contributions'); ta['pt-login'] = new Array('o','You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however.'); ta['pt-anonlogin'] = new Array('o','You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however.'); ta['pt-logout'] = new Array('o','Log out'); ta['ca-talk'] = new Array('t','Discussion about the content page'); ta['ca-edit'] = new Array('e','You can edit this page. Please use the preview button before saving.'); ta['ca-addsection'] = new Array('+','Add a comment to this discussion.'); ta['ca-viewsource'] = new Array('e','This page is protected. You can view its source.'); ta['ca-history'] = new Array('h','Past versions of this page.'); ta['ca-protect'] = new Array('=','Protect this page'); ta['ca-delete'] = new Array('d','Delete this page'); ta['ca-undelete'] = new Array('d','Restore the edits done to this page before it was deleted'); ta['ca-move'] = new Array('m','Move this page'); ta['ca-watch'] = new Array('w','Add this page to your watchlist'); ta['ca-unwatch'] = new Array('w','Remove this page from your watchlist'); ta['search'] = new Array('f','Search this wiki'); ta['p-logo'] = new Array('','Main Page'); ta['n-mainpage'] = new Array('z','Visit the Main Page'); ta['n-portal'] = new Array('','About the project, what you can do, where to find things'); ta['n-currentevents'] = new Array('','Find background information on current events'); ta['n-recentchanges'] = new Array('r','The list of recent changes in the wiki.'); ta['n-randompage'] = new Array('x','Load a random page'); ta['n-help'] = new Array('','The place to find out.'); ta['n-sitesupport'] = new Array('','Support us'); ta['t-whatlinkshere'] = new Array('j','List of all wiki pages that link here'); ta['t-recentchangeslinked'] = new Array('k','Recent changes in pages linked from this page'); ta['feed-rss'] = new Array('','RSS feed for this page'); ta['feed-atom'] = new Array('','Atom feed for this page'); ta['t-contributions'] = new Array('','View the list of contributions of this user'); ta['t-emailuser'] = new Array('','Send a mail to this user'); ta['t-upload'] = new Array('u','Upload images or media files'); ta['t-specialpages'] = new Array('q','List of all special pages'); ta['ca-nstab-main'] = new Array('c','View the content page'); ta['ca-nstab-user'] = new Array('c','View the user page'); ta['ca-nstab-media'] = new Array('c','View the media page'); ta['ca-nstab-special'] = new Array('','This is a special page, you can\'t edit the page itself.'); ta['ca-nstab-wp'] = new Array('a','View the project page'); ta['ca-nstab-image'] = new Array('c','View the image page'); ta['ca-nstab-mediawiki'] = new Array('c','View the system message'); ta['ca-nstab-template'] = new Array('c','View the template'); ta['ca-nstab-help'] = new Array('c','View the help page'); ta['ca-nstab-category'] = new Array('c','View the category page'); 4282 2005-09-05T09:54:31Z MediaWiki default /* tooltips and access keys */ ta = new Object(); ta['pt-userpage'] = new Array('.','My user page'); ta['pt-anonuserpage'] = new Array('.','The user page for the ip you\'re editing as'); ta['pt-mytalk'] = new Array('n','My talk page'); ta['pt-anontalk'] = new Array('n','Discussion about edits from this ip address'); ta['pt-preferences'] = new Array('','My preferences'); ta['pt-watchlist'] = new Array('l','The list of pages you\'re monitoring for changes.'); ta['pt-mycontris'] = new Array('y','List of my contributions'); ta['pt-login'] = new Array('o','You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however.'); ta['pt-anonlogin'] = new Array('o','You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however.'); ta['pt-logout'] = new Array('o','Log out'); ta['ca-talk'] = new Array('t','Discussion about the content page'); ta['ca-edit'] = new Array('e','You can edit this page. Please use the preview button before saving.'); ta['ca-addsection'] = new Array('+','Add a comment to this discussion.'); ta['ca-viewsource'] = new Array('e','This page is protected. You can view its source.'); ta['ca-history'] = new Array('h','Past versions of this page.'); ta['ca-protect'] = new Array('=','Protect this page'); ta['ca-delete'] = new Array('d','Delete this page'); ta['ca-undelete'] = new Array('d','Restore the edits done to this page before it was deleted'); ta['ca-move'] = new Array('m','Move this page'); ta['ca-watch'] = new Array('w','Add this page to your watchlist'); ta['ca-unwatch'] = new Array('w','Remove this page from your watchlist'); ta['search'] = new Array('f','Search this wiki'); ta['p-logo'] = new Array('','Main Page'); ta['n-mainpage'] = new Array('z','Visit the Main Page'); ta['n-portal'] = new Array('','About the project, what you can do, where to find things'); ta['n-currentevents'] = new Array('','Find background information on current events'); ta['n-recentchanges'] = new Array('r','The list of recent changes in the wiki.'); ta['n-randompage'] = new Array('x','Load a random page'); ta['n-help'] = new Array('','The place to find out.'); ta['n-sitesupport'] = new Array('','Support us'); ta['t-whatlinkshere'] = new Array('j','List of all wiki pages that link here'); ta['t-recentchangeslinked'] = new Array('k','Recent changes in pages linked from this page'); ta['feed-rss'] = new Array('','RSS feed for this page'); ta['feed-atom'] = new Array('','Atom feed for this page'); ta['t-contributions'] = new Array('','View the list of contributions of this user'); ta['t-emailuser'] = new Array('','Send a mail to this user'); ta['t-upload'] = new Array('u','Upload images or media files'); ta['t-specialpages'] = new Array('q','List of all special pages'); ta['ca-nstab-main'] = new Array('c','View the content page'); ta['ca-nstab-user'] = new Array('c','View the user page'); ta['ca-nstab-media'] = new Array('c','View the media page'); ta['ca-nstab-special'] = new Array('','This is a special page, you can\'t edit the page itself.'); ta['ca-nstab-wp'] = new Array('a','View the project page'); ta['ca-nstab-image'] = new Array('c','View the image page'); ta['ca-nstab-mediawiki'] = new Array('c','View the system message'); ta['ca-nstab-template'] = new Array('c','View the template'); ta['ca-nstab-help'] = new Array('c','View the help page'); ta['ca-nstab-category'] = new Array('c','View the category page'); 4504 2005-11-09T23:10:56Z MediaWiki default /* tooltips and access keys */ ta = new Object(); ta['pt-userpage'] = new Array('.','My user page'); ta['pt-anonuserpage'] = new Array('.','The user page for the ip you\'re editing as'); ta['pt-mytalk'] = new Array('n','My talk page'); ta['pt-anontalk'] = new Array('n','Discussion about edits from this ip address'); ta['pt-preferences'] = new Array('','My preferences'); ta['pt-watchlist'] = new Array('l','The list of pages you\'re monitoring for changes.'); ta['pt-mycontris'] = new Array('y','List of my contributions'); ta['pt-login'] = new Array('o','You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however.'); ta['pt-anonlogin'] = new Array('o','You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however.'); ta['pt-logout'] = new Array('o','Log out'); ta['ca-talk'] = new Array('t','Discussion about the content page'); ta['ca-edit'] = new Array('e','You can edit this page. Please use the preview button before saving.'); ta['ca-addsection'] = new Array('+','Add a comment to this discussion.'); ta['ca-viewsource'] = new Array('e','This page is protected. You can view its source.'); ta['ca-history'] = new Array('h','Past versions of this page.'); ta['ca-protect'] = new Array('=','Protect this page'); ta['ca-delete'] = new Array('d','Delete this page'); ta['ca-undelete'] = new Array('d','Restore the edits done to this page before it was deleted'); ta['ca-move'] = new Array('m','Move this page'); ta['ca-watch'] = new Array('w','Add this page to your watchlist'); ta['ca-unwatch'] = new Array('w','Remove this page from your watchlist'); ta['search'] = new Array('f','Search this wiki'); ta['p-logo'] = new Array('','Main Page'); ta['n-mainpage'] = new Array('z','Visit the Main Page'); ta['n-portal'] = new Array('','About the project, what you can do, where to find things'); ta['n-currentevents'] = new Array('','Find background information on current events'); ta['n-recentchanges'] = new Array('r','The list of recent changes in the wiki.'); ta['n-randompage'] = new Array('x','Load a random page'); ta['n-help'] = new Array('','The place to find out.'); ta['n-sitesupport'] = new Array('','Support us'); ta['t-whatlinkshere'] = new Array('j','List of all wiki pages that link here'); ta['t-recentchangeslinked'] = new Array('k','Recent changes in pages linked from this page'); ta['feed-rss'] = new Array('','RSS feed for this page'); ta['feed-atom'] = new Array('','Atom feed for this page'); ta['t-contributions'] = new Array('','View the list of contributions of this user'); ta['t-emailuser'] = new Array('','Send a mail to this user'); ta['t-upload'] = new Array('u','Upload images or media files'); ta['t-specialpages'] = new Array('q','List of all special pages'); ta['ca-nstab-main'] = new Array('c','View the content page'); ta['ca-nstab-user'] = new Array('c','View the user page'); ta['ca-nstab-media'] = new Array('c','View the media page'); ta['ca-nstab-special'] = new Array('','This is a special page, you can\'t edit the page itself.'); ta['ca-nstab-wp'] = new Array('a','View the project page'); ta['ca-nstab-image'] = new Array('c','View the image page'); ta['ca-nstab-mediawiki'] = new Array('c','View the system message'); ta['ca-nstab-template'] = new Array('c','View the template'); ta['ca-nstab-help'] = new Array('c','View the help page'); ta['ca-nstab-category'] = new Array('c','View the category page'); 4600 2005-11-29T21:33:21Z MediaWiki default /* tooltips and access keys */ ta = new Object(); ta['pt-userpage'] = new Array('.','My user page'); ta['pt-anonuserpage'] = new Array('.','The user page for the ip you\'re editing as'); ta['pt-mytalk'] = new Array('n','My talk page'); ta['pt-anontalk'] = new Array('n','Discussion about edits from this ip address'); ta['pt-preferences'] = new Array('','My preferences'); ta['pt-watchlist'] = new Array('l','The list of pages you\'re monitoring for changes.'); ta['pt-mycontris'] = new Array('y','List of my contributions'); ta['pt-login'] = new Array('o','You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however.'); ta['pt-anonlogin'] = new Array('o','You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however.'); ta['pt-logout'] = new Array('o','Log out'); ta['ca-talk'] = new Array('t','Discussion about the content page'); ta['ca-edit'] = new Array('e','You can edit this page. Please use the preview button before saving.'); ta['ca-addsection'] = new Array('+','Add a comment to this discussion.'); ta['ca-viewsource'] = new Array('e','This page is protected. You can view its source.'); ta['ca-history'] = new Array('h','Past versions of this page.'); ta['ca-protect'] = new Array('=','Protect this page'); ta['ca-delete'] = new Array('d','Delete this page'); ta['ca-undelete'] = new Array('d','Restore the edits done to this page before it was deleted'); ta['ca-move'] = new Array('m','Move this page'); ta['ca-watch'] = new Array('w','Add this page to your watchlist'); ta['ca-unwatch'] = new Array('w','Remove this page from your watchlist'); ta['search'] = new Array('f','Search this wiki'); ta['p-logo'] = new Array('','Main Page'); ta['n-mainpage'] = new Array('z','Visit the Main Page'); ta['n-portal'] = new Array('','About the project, what you can do, where to find things'); ta['n-currentevents'] = new Array('','Find background information on current events'); ta['n-recentchanges'] = new Array('r','The list of recent changes in the wiki.'); ta['n-randompage'] = new Array('x','Load a random page'); ta['n-help'] = new Array('','The place to find out.'); ta['n-sitesupport'] = new Array('','Support us'); ta['t-whatlinkshere'] = new Array('j','List of all wiki pages that link here'); ta['t-recentchangeslinked'] = new Array('k','Recent changes in pages linked from this page'); ta['feed-rss'] = new Array('','RSS feed for this page'); ta['feed-atom'] = new Array('','Atom feed for this page'); ta['t-contributions'] = new Array('','View the list of contributions of this user'); ta['t-emailuser'] = new Array('','Send a mail to this user'); ta['t-upload'] = new Array('u','Upload images or media files'); ta['t-specialpages'] = new Array('q','List of all special pages'); ta['ca-nstab-main'] = new Array('c','View the content page'); ta['ca-nstab-user'] = new Array('c','View the user page'); ta['ca-nstab-media'] = new Array('c','View the media page'); ta['ca-nstab-special'] = new Array('','This is a special page, you can\'t edit the page itself.'); ta['ca-nstab-wp'] = new Array('a','View the project page'); ta['ca-nstab-image'] = new Array('c','View the image page'); ta['ca-nstab-mediawiki'] = new Array('c','View the system message'); ta['ca-nstab-template'] = new Array('c','View the template'); ta['ca-nstab-help'] = new Array('c','View the help page'); ta['ca-nstab-category'] = new Array('c','View the category page'); 4632 2005-12-02T02:44:06Z MediaWiki default /* tooltips and access keys */ ta = new Object(); ta['pt-userpage'] = new Array('.','My user page'); ta['pt-anonuserpage'] = new Array('.','The user page for the ip you\'re editing as'); ta['pt-mytalk'] = new Array('n','My talk page'); ta['pt-anontalk'] = new Array('n','Discussion about edits from this ip address'); ta['pt-preferences'] = new Array('','My preferences'); ta['pt-watchlist'] = new Array('l','The list of pages you\'re monitoring for changes.'); ta['pt-mycontris'] = new Array('y','List of my contributions'); ta['pt-login'] = new Array('o','You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however.'); ta['pt-anonlogin'] = new Array('o','You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however.'); ta['pt-logout'] = new Array('o','Log out'); ta['ca-talk'] = new Array('t','Discussion about the content page'); ta['ca-edit'] = new Array('e','You can edit this page. Please use the preview button before saving.'); ta['ca-addsection'] = new Array('+','Add a comment to this discussion.'); ta['ca-viewsource'] = new Array('e','This page is protected. You can view its source.'); ta['ca-history'] = new Array('h','Past versions of this page.'); ta['ca-protect'] = new Array('=','Protect this page'); ta['ca-delete'] = new Array('d','Delete this page'); ta['ca-undelete'] = new Array('d','Restore the edits done to this page before it was deleted'); ta['ca-move'] = new Array('m','Move this page'); ta['ca-watch'] = new Array('w','Add this page to your watchlist'); ta['ca-unwatch'] = new Array('w','Remove this page from your watchlist'); ta['search'] = new Array('f','Search this wiki'); ta['p-logo'] = new Array('','Main Page'); ta['n-mainpage'] = new Array('z','Visit the Main Page'); ta['n-portal'] = new Array('','About the project, what you can do, where to find things'); ta['n-currentevents'] = new Array('','Find background information on current events'); ta['n-recentchanges'] = new Array('r','The list of recent changes in the wiki.'); ta['n-randompage'] = new Array('x','Load a random page'); ta['n-help'] = new Array('','The place to find out.'); ta['n-sitesupport'] = new Array('','Support us'); ta['t-whatlinkshere'] = new Array('j','List of all wiki pages that link here'); ta['t-recentchangeslinked'] = new Array('k','Recent changes in pages linked from this page'); ta['feed-rss'] = new Array('','RSS feed for this page'); ta['feed-atom'] = new Array('','Atom feed for this page'); ta['t-contributions'] = new Array('','View the list of contributions of this user'); ta['t-emailuser'] = new Array('','Send a mail to this user'); ta['t-upload'] = new Array('u','Upload images or media files'); ta['t-specialpages'] = new Array('q','List of all special pages'); ta['ca-nstab-main'] = new Array('c','View the content page'); ta['ca-nstab-user'] = new Array('c','View the user page'); ta['ca-nstab-media'] = new Array('c','View the media page'); ta['ca-nstab-special'] = new Array('','This is a special page, you can\'t edit the page itself.'); ta['ca-nstab-wp'] = new Array('a','View the project page'); ta['ca-nstab-image'] = new Array('c','View the image page'); ta['ca-nstab-mediawiki'] = new Array('c','View the system message'); ta['ca-nstab-template'] = new Array('c','View the template'); ta['ca-nstab-help'] = new Array('c','View the help page'); ta['ca-nstab-category'] = new Array('c','View the category page'); 4681 2005-12-02T04:16:53Z MediaWiki default /* tooltips and access keys */ ta = new Object(); ta['pt-userpage'] = new Array('.','My user page'); ta['pt-anonuserpage'] = new Array('.','The user page for the ip you\'re editing as'); ta['pt-mytalk'] = new Array('n','My talk page'); ta['pt-anontalk'] = new Array('n','Discussion about edits from this ip address'); ta['pt-preferences'] = new Array('','My preferences'); ta['pt-watchlist'] = new Array('l','The list of pages you\'re monitoring for changes.'); ta['pt-mycontris'] = new Array('y','List of my contributions'); ta['pt-login'] = new Array('o','You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however.'); ta['pt-anonlogin'] = new Array('o','You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however.'); ta['pt-logout'] = new Array('o','Log out'); ta['ca-talk'] = new Array('t','Discussion about the content page'); ta['ca-edit'] = new Array('e','You can edit this page. Please use the preview button before saving.'); ta['ca-addsection'] = new Array('+','Add a comment to this discussion.'); ta['ca-viewsource'] = new Array('e','This page is protected. You can view its source.'); ta['ca-history'] = new Array('h','Past versions of this page.'); ta['ca-protect'] = new Array('=','Protect this page'); ta['ca-delete'] = new Array('d','Delete this page'); ta['ca-undelete'] = new Array('d','Restore the edits done to this page before it was deleted'); ta['ca-move'] = new Array('m','Move this page'); ta['ca-watch'] = new Array('w','Add this page to your watchlist'); ta['ca-unwatch'] = new Array('w','Remove this page from your watchlist'); ta['search'] = new Array('f','Search this wiki'); ta['p-logo'] = new Array('','Main Page'); ta['n-mainpage'] = new Array('z','Visit the Main Page'); ta['n-portal'] = new Array('','About the project, what you can do, where to find things'); ta['n-currentevents'] = new Array('','Find background information on current events'); ta['n-recentchanges'] = new Array('r','The list of recent changes in the wiki.'); ta['n-randompage'] = new Array('x','Load a random page'); ta['n-help'] = new Array('','The place to find out.'); ta['n-sitesupport'] = new Array('','Support us'); ta['t-whatlinkshere'] = new Array('j','List of all wiki pages that link here'); ta['t-recentchangeslinked'] = new Array('k','Recent changes in pages linked from this page'); ta['feed-rss'] = new Array('','RSS feed for this page'); ta['feed-atom'] = new Array('','Atom feed for this page'); ta['t-contributions'] = new Array('','View the list of contributions of this user'); ta['t-emailuser'] = new Array('','Send a mail to this user'); ta['t-upload'] = new Array('u','Upload images or media files'); ta['t-specialpages'] = new Array('q','List of all special pages'); ta['ca-nstab-main'] = new Array('c','View the content page'); ta['ca-nstab-user'] = new Array('c','View the user page'); ta['ca-nstab-media'] = new Array('c','View the media page'); ta['ca-nstab-special'] = new Array('','This is a special page, you can\'t edit the page itself.'); ta['ca-nstab-wp'] = new Array('a','View the project page'); ta['ca-nstab-image'] = new Array('c','View the image page'); ta['ca-nstab-mediawiki'] = new Array('c','View the system message'); ta['ca-nstab-template'] = new Array('c','View the template'); ta['ca-nstab-help'] = new Array('c','View the help page'); ta['ca-nstab-category'] = new Array('c','View the category page'); 5397 2006-05-18T12:45:44Z Lee 85 /* <pre> */ /* tooltips and access keys */ ta = new Object(); ta['pt-userpage'] = new Array('.','My user page'); ta['pt-anonuserpage'] = new Array('.','The user page for the ip you\'re editing as'); ta['pt-mytalk'] = new Array('n','My talk page'); ta['pt-anontalk'] = new Array('n','Discussion about edits from this ip address'); ta['pt-preferences'] = new Array('','My preferences'); ta['pt-watchlist'] = new Array('l','The list of pages you\'re monitoring for changes.'); ta['pt-mycontris'] = new Array('y','List of my contributions'); ta['pt-login'] = new Array('o','Logging in is not required, but brings many benefits.'); ta['pt-anonlogin'] = new Array('o','Logging in is not required, but brings many benefits.'); ta['pt-logout'] = new Array('o','Log out'); ta['ca-talk'] = new Array('t','Discussion about the content page'); ta['ca-edit'] = new Array('e','You can edit this page. Please use the preview button before saving.'); ta['ca-addsection'] = new Array('+','Start a new discussion'); ta['ca-viewsource'] = new Array('e','This page is protected. You can view its source.'); ta['ca-history'] = new Array('h','Past versions of this page.'); ta['ca-protect'] = new Array('=','Protect this page'); ta['ca-unprotect'] = new Array('','Unprotect this page'); ta['ca-delete'] = new Array('d','Delete this page'); ta['ca-undelete'] = new Array('d','Restore the edits done to this page before it was deleted'); ta['ca-move'] = new Array('m','Move this page'); ta['ca-nomove'] = new Array('','You don\'t have the permissions to move this page'); ta['ca-watch'] = new Array('w','Add this page to your watchlist'); ta['ca-unwatch'] = new Array('w','Remove this page from your watchlist'); ta['search'] = new Array('f','Search Wikipedia'); ta['p-logo'] = new Array('','Main Page'); ta['n-mainpage'] = new Array('z','Visit the Main Page'); ta['n-portal'] = new Array('','About the project, what you can do, where to find things'); ta['n-Featured-articles'] = new Array('','Featured articles - the best of Wikipedia'); ta['n-currentevents'] = new Array('','Find background information on current events'); ta['n-recentchanges'] = new Array('r','List of recent changes in Wikipedia'); ta['n-randompage'] = new Array('x','Load a random page'); ta['n-help'] = new Array('','The place to find out about Wikipedia'); ta['n-contact'] = new Array('','How to contact Wikipedia'); ta['n-sitesupport'] = new Array('','Support us'); ta['t-whatlinkshere'] = new Array('j','List of all wiki pages that link here'); ta['t-recentchangeslinked'] = new Array('k','Recent changes in pages linked from this page'); ta['feed-rss'] = new Array('','RSS feed for this page'); ta['feed-atom'] = new Array('','Atom feed for this page'); ta['t-contributions'] = new Array('','View the list of contributions of this user'); ta['t-emailuser'] = new Array('','Send a mail to this user'); ta['t-upload'] = new Array('u','Upload images or media files'); ta['t-specialpages'] = new Array('q','List of all special pages'); ta['t-print'] = new Array('','Printable version of this page'); ta['t-permalink'] = new Array('','Permanent link to this version of the page'); ta['t-cite'] = new Array('','Cite this Wikipedia article'); ta['ca-nstab-main'] = new Array('c','View the content page'); ta['ca-nstab-user'] = new Array('c','View the user page'); ta['ca-nstab-media'] = new Array('c','View the media page'); ta['ca-nstab-special'] = new Array('','This is a special page; you can\'t edit the page itself.'); ta['ca-nstab-wp'] = new Array('c','View the project page'); ta['ca-nstab-image'] = new Array('c','View the image page'); ta['ca-nstab-mediawiki'] = new Array('c','View the system message'); ta['ca-nstab-template'] = new Array('c','View the template'); ta['ca-nstab-help'] = new Array('c','View the help page'); ta['ca-nstab-category'] = new Array('c','View the category page'); if (window.showModalDialog && document.compatMode && document.compatMode == "CSS1Compat") { var oldWidth; var docEl = document.documentElement; function fixIEScroll() { if (!oldWidth || docEl.clientWidth > oldWidth) doFixIEScroll(); else setTimeout(doFixIEScroll, 1); oldWidth = docEl.clientWidth; } function doFixIEScroll() { docEl.style.overflowX = (docEl.scrollWidth - docEl.clientWidth < 4) ? "hidden" : ""; } document.attachEvent("onreadystatechange", fixIEScroll); attachEvent("onresize", fixIEScroll); } function addLoadEvent(func) { if (window.addEventListener) window.addEventListener("load", func, false); else if (window.attachEvent) window.attachEvent("onload", func); } function LinkFA() { // iterate over all -elements for(var i=0; a = document.getElementsByTagName("span")[i]; i++) { // if found a FA span if(a.className == "FA") { // iterate over all <li>-elements for(var j=0; b = document.getElementsByTagName("li")[j]; j++) { // if found a FA link if(b.className == "interwiki-" + a.id) { b.style.padding = "0 0 0 16px"; b.style.backgroundImage = "url('http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/60/LinkFA-star.png')"; b.style.backgroundRepeat = "no-repeat"; b.title = "This article has gained featured status"; } } } } } addLoadEvent(LinkFA); // ============================================================ // BEGIN Dynamic Navigation Bars (experimantal) // set up the words in your language var NavigationBarHide = '[ Hide ]'; var NavigationBarShow = '[ Show ]'; // set up max count of Navigation Bars on page, // if there are more, all will be hidden // NavigationBarShowDefault = 0; // all bars will be hidden // NavigationBarShowDefault = 1; // on pages with more than 1 bar all bars will be hidden var NavigationBarShowDefault = 3; // shows and hides content and picture (if available) of navigation bars // Parameters: // indexNavigationBar: the index of navigation bar to be toggled function toggleNavigationBar(indexNavigationBar) { var NavToggle = document.getElementById("NavToggle" + indexNavigationBar); var NavFrame = document.getElementById("NavFrame" + indexNavigationBar); if (!NavFrame || !NavToggle) { return false; } // if shown now if (NavToggle.firstChild.data == NavigationBarHide) { for ( var NavChild = NavFrame.firstChild; NavChild != null; NavChild = NavChild.nextSibling ) { if (NavChild.className == 'NavPic') { NavChild.style.display = 'none'; } if (NavChild.className == 'NavContent') { NavChild.style.display = 'none'; } } NavToggle.firstChild.data = NavigationBarShow; // if hidden now } else if (NavToggle.firstChild.data == NavigationBarShow) { for ( var NavChild = NavFrame.firstChild; NavChild != null; NavChild = NavChild.nextSibling ) { if (NavChild.className == 'NavPic') { NavChild.style.display = 'block'; } if (NavChild.className == 'NavContent') { NavChild.style.display = 'block'; } } NavToggle.firstChild.data = NavigationBarHide; } } // adds show/hide-button to navigation bars function createNavigationBarToggleButton() { var indexNavigationBar = 0; // iterate over all < div >-elements for( var i=0; NavFrame = document.getElementsByTagName("div")[i]; i++ ) { // if found a navigation bar if (NavFrame.className == "NavFrame") { indexNavigationBar++; var NavToggle = document.createElement("a"); NavToggle.className = 'NavToggle'; NavToggle.setAttribute('id', 'NavToggle' + indexNavigationBar); NavToggle.setAttribute('href', 'javascript:toggleNavigationBar(' + indexNavigationBar + ');'); var NavToggleText = document.createTextNode(NavigationBarHide); NavToggle.appendChild(NavToggleText); // Find the NavHead and attach the toggle link (Must be this complicated because Moz's firstChild handling is borked) for( var j=0; j < NavFrame.childNodes.length; j++ ) { if (NavFrame.childNodes[j].className == "NavHead") { NavFrame.childNodes[j].appendChild(NavToggle); } } NavFrame.setAttribute('id', 'NavFrame' + indexNavigationBar); } } // if more Navigation Bars found than Default: hide all if (NavigationBarShowDefault < indexNavigationBar) { for( var i=1; i<=indexNavigationBar; i++ ) { toggleNavigationBar(i); } } } addLoadEvent(createNavigationBarToggleButton); // END Dynamic Navigation Bars // ============================================================ var mpTitle = "Main Page"; var isMainPage = (document.title.substr(0, document.title.lastIndexOf(" - ")) == mpTitle); var isDiff = (document.location.search && (document.location.search.indexOf("diff=") != -1 || document.location.search.indexOf("oldid=") != -1)); if (isMainPage && !isDiff) { document.write('<style type="text/css">/*<![CDATA[*/ #siteSub, #contentSub, h1.firstHeading { display: none !important; } /*]]>*/</style>'); var mpSmallEnabled; var mpMinWidth = 700; function mainPageTransform() { var mpContentEl = document.getElementById("bodyContent"); var mpBrowseEl = document.getElementById("EnWpMpBrowse"); var mpContainEl = document.getElementById("EnWpMpBrowseContainer"); var mpMarginEl = document.getElementById("EnWpMpMargin"); var mpEl = document.getElementById("EnWpMainPage"); if (!mpContentEl || !mpBrowseEl || !mpContainEl || !mpMarginEl || !mpEl) return; if (!mpSmallEnabled && mpContentEl.offsetWidth < mpMinWidth) { mpContainEl.insertBefore(mpBrowseEl, mpContainEl.firstChild); mpBrowseEl.className = "EnWpMpBrowseBottom"; mpMarginEl.style.marginRight = 0; mpSmallEnabled = true; } else if (mpSmallEnabled && mpContentEl.offsetWidth > mpMinWidth) { mpEl.insertBefore(mpBrowseEl, mpEl.firstChild); mpBrowseEl.className = "EnWpMpBrowseRight"; mpMarginEl.style.marginRight = "13.8em"; mpSmallEnabled = false; } } var onloadFuncts = [ mainPageTransform ]; if (window.addEventListener) window.addEventListener("resize", mainPageTransform, false); else if (window.attachEvent) window.attachEvent("onresize", mainPageTransform); } //Main page tab no longer says article function mainpg() { if ((isMainPage || /[\/=:]Main_Page/.test(document.location)) && document.getElementById('ca-nstab-main')) { document.getElementById('ca-nstab-main').firstChild.innerHTML = 'Main Page'; } } addOnloadHook(mainpg); /* add a redirect button to the edit page toolbar */ if (mwCustomEditButtons) { mwCustomEditButtons[mwCustomEditButtons.length] = { "imageFile": "http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/c8/Button_redirect.png", "speedTip": "Redirect", "tagOpen": "#REDIRECT [[", "tagClose": "]]", "sampleText": "Insert text"}; }; /* </pre> */ MediaWiki:Aboutsite 845 sysop 1658 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default About {{SITENAME}} 3411 2005-06-25T11:23:01Z MediaWiki default About {{SITENAME}} MediaWiki:Acct creation throttle hit 846 sysop 1666 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Sorry, you have already created $1 accounts. You can't make any more. 3412 2005-06-25T11:23:01Z MediaWiki default Sorry, you have already created $1 accounts. You can't make any more. MediaWiki:Addgroup 847 sysop 1670 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Add Group 3413 2005-06-25T11:23:01Z MediaWiki default Add Group MediaWiki:Allarticles 848 sysop 1675 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default All articles 3414 2005-06-25T11:23:01Z MediaWiki default All articles MediaWiki:Alllogstext 849 sysop 1676 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Combined display of upload, deletion, protection, blocking, and sysop logs. You can narrow down the view by selecting a log type, the user name, or the affected page. 3415 2005-06-25T11:23:01Z MediaWiki default Combined display of upload, deletion, protection, blocking, and sysop logs. You can narrow down the view by selecting a log type, the user name, or the affected page. MediaWiki:AllmessagesnotsupportedDB 850 sysop 1678 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Special:AllMessages not supported because wgUseDatabaseMessages is off. 3416 2005-06-25T11:23:01Z MediaWiki default Special:AllMessages not supported because wgUseDatabaseMessages is off. 5761 2006-07-01T19:07:50Z MediaWiki default '''Special:Allmessages''' cannot be used because '''$wgUseDatabaseMessages''' is switched off. MediaWiki:AllmessagesnotsupportedUI 851 sysop 1679 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Your current interface language $1 is not supported by Special:AllMessages at this site. 3417 2005-06-25T11:23:01Z MediaWiki default Your current interface language $1 is not supported by Special:AllMessages at this site. 4876 2006-02-26T02:05:29Z MediaWiki default Your current interface language $1 is not supported by Special:AllMessages at this site. 5762 2006-07-01T19:07:50Z MediaWiki default Your current interface language $1 is not supported by Special:Allmessages at this site. MediaWiki:Allpagesformtext1 852 sysop 1682 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Display pages starting at: $1 3418 2005-06-25T11:23:01Z MediaWiki default Display pages starting at: $1 MediaWiki:Allpagesformtext2 853 sysop 1683 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Choose namespace: $1 $2 3419 2005-06-25T11:23:01Z MediaWiki default Choose namespace: $1 $2 MediaWiki:Allpagesnamespace 854 sysop 1684 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default All pages ($1 namespace) 3420 2005-06-25T11:23:01Z MediaWiki default All pages ($1 namespace) MediaWiki:Allpagesnext 855 sysop 1685 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Next 3421 2005-06-25T11:23:01Z MediaWiki default Next MediaWiki:Allpagesprev 856 sysop 1686 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Previous 3422 2005-06-25T11:23:01Z MediaWiki default Previous MediaWiki:Allpagessubmit 857 sysop 1687 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Go 3423 2005-06-25T11:23:01Z MediaWiki default Go MediaWiki:Apr 858 sysop 1696 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Apr 3424 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Apr MediaWiki:April 859 sysop 1697 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default April 3425 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default April MediaWiki:Articlenamespace 860 sysop 1700 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default (articles) 3426 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default (articles) MediaWiki:Asksqlpheading 861 sysop 1703 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default asksql level 3427 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default asksql level MediaWiki:Aug 862 sysop 1705 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Aug 3428 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Aug MediaWiki:August 863 sysop 1706 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default August 3429 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default August MediaWiki:Block compress delete 864 sysop 1718 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Can't delete this article because it contains block-compressed revisions. This is a temporary situation which the developers are well aware of, and should be fixed within a month or two. Please mark the article for deletion and wait for a developer to fix our buggy software. 3430 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Can't delete this article because it contains block-compressed revisions. This is a temporary situation which the developers are well aware of, and should be fixed within a month or two. Please mark the article for deletion and wait for a developer to fix our buggy software. MediaWiki:Blockpheading 865 sysop 1730 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default block level 3431 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default block level MediaWiki:Categoriespagetext 866 sysop 1751 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default The following categories exists in the wiki. 3432 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default The following categories exist in the wiki. MediaWiki:Categoryarticlecount 867 sysop 1754 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default There are $1 articles in this category. 3433 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default There are $1 articles in this category. 5775 2006-07-01T19:07:50Z MediaWiki default There {{PLURAL:$1|is one article|are $1 articles}} in this category. MediaWiki:Categoryarticlecount1 868 sysop 1755 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default There is $1 article in this category. 3434 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default There is $1 article in this category. MediaWiki:Clearyourcache 869 sysop 1758 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default '''Note:''' After saving, you have to clear your browser cache to see the changes: '''Mozilla:''' click ''Reload'' (or ''Ctrl-R''), '''IE / Opera:''' ''Ctrl-F5'', '''Safari:''' ''Cmd-R'', '''Konqueror''' ''Ctrl-R''. 3435 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default '''Note:''' After saving, you have to clear your browser cache to see the changes: '''Mozilla:''' click ''Reload'' (or ''Ctrl-R''), '''IE / Opera:''' ''Ctrl-F5'', '''Safari:''' ''Cmd-R'', '''Konqueror''' ''Ctrl-R''. 4257 2005-08-19T23:37:30Z MediaWiki default '''Note:''' After saving, you may have to bypass your browser's cache to see the changes. '''Mozilla / Firefox / Safari:''' hold down ''Shift'' while clicking ''Reload'', or press ''Ctrl-Shift-R'' (''Cmd-Shift-R'' on Apple Mac); '''IE:''' hold ''Ctrl'' while clicking ''Refresh'', or press ''Ctrl-F5''; '''Konqueror:''': simply click the ''Reload'' button, or press ''F5''; '''Opera''' users may need to completely clear their cache in ''Tools→Preferences''. 5778 2006-07-01T19:07:50Z MediaWiki default '''Note:''' After saving, you may have to bypass your browser's cache to see the changes. '''Mozilla / Firefox / Safari:''' hold down ''Shift'' while clicking ''Reload'', or press ''Ctrl-Shift-R'' (''Cmd-Shift-R'' on Apple Mac); '''IE:''' hold ''Ctrl'' while clicking ''Refresh'', or press ''Ctrl-F5''; '''Konqueror:''': simply click the ''Reload'' button, or press ''F5''; '''Opera''' users may need to completely clear their cache in ''Tools→Preferences''. MediaWiki:Copyrightwarning2 870 sysop 1778 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Please note that all contributions to {{SITENAME}} may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you don't want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then don't submit it here. You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource (see $1 for details). DO NOT SUBMIT COPYRIGHTED WORK WITHOUT PERMISSION! 3436 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Please note that all contributions to {{SITENAME}} may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you don't want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then don't submit it here. You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource (see $1 for details). DO NOT SUBMIT COPYRIGHTED WORK WITHOUT PERMISSION! 4726 2005-12-22T07:39:44Z MediaWiki default Please note that all contributions to {{SITENAME}} may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you don't want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then don't submit it here. You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource (see $1 for details). DO NOT SUBMIT COPYRIGHTED WORK WITHOUT PERMISSION! MediaWiki:Createaccountpheading 871 sysop 1782 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default createaccount level 3437 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default createaccount level MediaWiki:Creditspage 872 sysop 1783 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Page credits 3438 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Page credits MediaWiki:Currentevents-url 873 sysop 1786 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Current events 3439 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Current events MediaWiki:Currentrevisionlink 874 sysop 1788 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default view current revision 3440 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default view current revision 5782 2006-07-01T19:07:50Z MediaWiki default Current revision MediaWiki:Data 875 sysop 1789 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Data 3441 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Data MediaWiki:Dec 876 sysop 1796 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Dec 3442 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Dec MediaWiki:December 877 sysop 1797 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default December 3443 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default December MediaWiki:Default 878 sysop 1798 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default default 3444 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default default MediaWiki:Deletedrevision 879 sysop 1804 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Deleted old revision $1. 3445 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Deleted old revision $1. MediaWiki:Deleteimgcompletely 880 sysop 1807 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Delete all revisions 3446 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Delete all revisions 4181 2005-07-29T11:09:15Z MediaWiki default Delete all revisions of this file MediaWiki:Deletepheading 881 sysop 1809 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default delete level 3447 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default delete level MediaWiki:Editgroup 882 sysop 1830 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Edit Group 3448 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Edit Group MediaWiki:Editingcomment 883 sysop 1834 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Editing $1 (comment) 3449 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Editing $1 (comment) MediaWiki:Editingsection 884 sysop 1836 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Editing $1 (section) 3450 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Editing $1 (section) MediaWiki:Editusergroup 885 sysop 1839 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Edit User Groups 3451 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Edit User Groups MediaWiki:Emptyfile 886 sysop 1852 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default The file you uploaded seems to be empty. This might be due to a typo in the file name. Please check whether you really want to upload this file. 3452 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default The file you uploaded seems to be empty. This might be due to a typo in the file name. Please check whether you really want to upload this file. MediaWiki:Feb 887 sysop 1867 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Feb 3453 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Feb MediaWiki:February 888 sysop 1868 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default February 3454 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default February MediaWiki:Fileexists 889 sysop 1873 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default A file with this name exists already, please check $1 if you are not sure if you want to change it. 3455 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default A file with this name exists already, please check $1 if you are not sure if you want to change it. MediaWiki:Filemissing 890 sysop 1874 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default File missing 3456 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default File missing MediaWiki:Friday 891 sysop 1882 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Friday 3457 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Friday MediaWiki:Geo 892 sysop 1883 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default GEO coordinates 3458 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default GEO coordinates MediaWiki:History copyright 893 sysop 1897 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default - 3459 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default - MediaWiki:Illegalfilename 894 sysop 1902 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default The filename "$1" contains characters that are not allowed in page titles. Please rename the file and try uploading it again. 3460 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default The filename "$1" contains characters that are not allowed in page titles. Please rename the file and try uploading it again. MediaWiki:Imagemaxsize 895 sysop 1910 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Limit images on image description pages to: 3461 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Limit images on image description pages to: 4890 2006-02-26T02:05:30Z MediaWiki default Limit images on image description pages to: MediaWiki:Info short 896 sysop 1924 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Information 3462 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Information MediaWiki:Infosubtitle 897 sysop 1927 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Information for page 3463 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Information for page MediaWiki:Jan 898 sysop 1944 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Jan 3464 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Jan MediaWiki:January 899 sysop 1945 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default January 3465 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default January MediaWiki:Jul 900 sysop 1946 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Jul 3466 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Jul MediaWiki:July 901 sysop 1947 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default July 3467 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default July MediaWiki:Jun 902 sysop 1948 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Jun 3468 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Jun MediaWiki:June 903 sysop 1949 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default June 3469 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default June MediaWiki:Listadmins 904 sysop 1961 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Admins list 3470 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Admins list MediaWiki:Listingcontinuesabbrev 905 sysop 1963 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default cont. 3471 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default cont. MediaWiki:Log 906 sysop 1975 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Logs 3472 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Logs MediaWiki:Mar 907 sysop 2009 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Mar 3473 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Mar MediaWiki:March 908 sysop 2010 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default March 3474 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default March MediaWiki:Markaspatrolleddiff 909 sysop 2011 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Mark as patrolled 3475 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Mark as patrolled MediaWiki:Markaspatrolledlink 910 sysop 2012 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default <div class='patrollink'>[$1]</div> 3476 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default <div class='patrollink'>[$1]</div> 4014 2005-07-03T13:47:13Z MediaWiki default [$1] MediaWiki:Markaspatrolledtext 911 sysop 2013 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Mark this article as patrolled 3477 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Mark this article as patrolled MediaWiki:Markedaspatrolled 912 sysop 2014 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Marked as patrolled 3478 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Marked as patrolled MediaWiki:Markedaspatrolledtext 913 sysop 2015 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default The selected revision has been marked as patrolled. 3479 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default The selected revision has been marked as patrolled. MediaWiki:May 914 sysop 2029 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default May 3480 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default May MediaWiki:May long 915 sysop 2030 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default May 3481 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default May MediaWiki:Monday 916 sysop 2044 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Monday 3482 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Monday MediaWiki:Mw math html 917 sysop 2057 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default HTML if possible or else PNG 3483 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default HTML if possible or else PNG MediaWiki:Mw math mathml 918 sysop 2058 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default MathML if possible (experimental) 3484 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default MathML if possible (experimental) MediaWiki:Mw math modern 919 sysop 2059 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Recommended for modern browsers 3485 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Recommended for modern browsers MediaWiki:Mw math png 920 sysop 2060 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Always render PNG 3486 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Always render PNG MediaWiki:Mw math simple 921 sysop 2061 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default HTML if very simple or else PNG 3487 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default HTML if very simple or else PNG MediaWiki:Mw math source 922 sysop 2062 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Leave it as TeX (for text browsers) 3488 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Leave it as TeX (for text browsers) MediaWiki:Newbies 923 sysop 2071 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default newbies 3489 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default newbies MediaWiki:Newimages 924 sysop 2072 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default New images gallery 3490 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default New images gallery 4203 2005-07-29T11:09:17Z MediaWiki default Gallery of new files MediaWiki:Newwindow 925 sysop 2081 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default (opens in new window) 3491 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default (opens in new window) MediaWiki:Nextdiff 926 sysop 2083 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Go to next diff → 3492 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Go to next diff → 4028 2005-07-03T13:47:13Z MediaWiki default Next diff → 4204 2005-07-29T11:09:17Z MediaWiki default Next diff → 4267 2005-08-19T23:37:32Z MediaWiki default Next diff → MediaWiki:Nextpage 927 sysop 2085 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Next page ($1) 3493 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Next page ($1) MediaWiki:Nextrevision 928 sysop 2086 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Newer revision→ 3494 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Newer revision→ 4268 2005-08-19T23:37:32Z MediaWiki default Newer revision→ MediaWiki:Nocredits 929 sysop 2096 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default There is no credits info available for this page. 3495 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default There is no credits info available for this page. MediaWiki:Noimages 930 sysop 2104 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Nothing to see. 3496 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Nothing to see. MediaWiki:Nonunicodebrowser 931 sysop 2109 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default WARNING: Your browser is not unicode compliant, please change it before editing an article. 3497 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default WARNING: Your browser is not unicode compliant, please change it before editing an article. 4205 2005-07-29T11:09:17Z MediaWiki default WARNING: Your browser is not unicode compliant. A workaround is in place to allow you to safely edit articles: non-ASCII characters will appear in the edit box as hexadecimal codes. MediaWiki:Nosuchusershort 932 sysop 2115 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default There is no user by the name "$1". Check your spelling. 3498 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default There is no user by the name "$1". Check your spelling. MediaWiki:Nov 933 sysop 2124 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Nov 3499 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Nov MediaWiki:November 934 sysop 2125 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default November 3500 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default November MediaWiki:Numauthors 935 sysop 2139 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Number of distinct authors (article): $1 3501 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Number of distinct authors (article): $1 MediaWiki:Numedits 936 sysop 2140 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Number of edits (article): $1 3502 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Number of edits (article): $1 MediaWiki:Numtalkauthors 937 sysop 2141 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Number of distinct authors (discussion page): $1 3503 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Number of distinct authors (discussion page): $1 MediaWiki:Numtalkedits 938 sysop 2142 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Number of edits (discussion page): $1 3504 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Number of edits (discussion page): $1 MediaWiki:Numwatchers 939 sysop 2143 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Number of watchers: $1 3505 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Number of watchers: $1 MediaWiki:Oct 940 sysop 2145 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Oct 3506 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Oct MediaWiki:October 941 sysop 2146 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default October 3507 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default October MediaWiki:Others 942 sysop 2153 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default others 3508 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default others MediaWiki:Previousdiff 943 sysop 2183 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default ← Go to previous diff 3509 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default ← Go to previous diff 4044 2005-07-03T13:47:14Z MediaWiki default ← Previous diff 4212 2005-07-29T11:09:17Z MediaWiki default ← Previous diff 4269 2005-08-19T23:37:32Z MediaWiki default ← Previous diff MediaWiki:Previousrevision 944 sysop 2184 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default ←Older revision 3510 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default ←Older revision 4270 2005-08-19T23:37:32Z MediaWiki default ←Older revision MediaWiki:Protectmoveonly 945 sysop 2196 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Protect from moves only 3511 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Protect from moves only MediaWiki:Pubmedurl 946 sysop 2204 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=$1 3512 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=$1 MediaWiki:Qbsettingsnote 947 sysop 2212 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default This preference only works in the 'Standard' and the 'CologneBlue' skin. 3513 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default This preference only works in the 'Standard' and the 'CologneBlue' skin. MediaWiki:Randompage-url 948 sysop 2217 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Special:Randompage 3514 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Special:Randompage 4048 2005-07-03T13:47:14Z MediaWiki default Special:Random MediaWiki:Rcpatroldisabled 949 sysop 2227 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Recent Changes Patrol disabled 3515 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Recent Changes Patrol disabled MediaWiki:Rcpatroldisabledtext 950 sysop 2228 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default The Recent Changes Patrol feature is currently disabled. 3516 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default The Recent Changes Patrol feature is currently disabled. MediaWiki:Recentchanges-url 951 sysop 2233 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Special:Recentchanges 3517 2005-06-25T11:23:02Z MediaWiki default Special:Recentchanges MediaWiki:Revisionasofwithlink 952 sysop 2256 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Revision as of $1; $2 $3 | $4 3518 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Revision as of $1; $2 $3 | $4 MediaWiki:Saturday 953 sysop 2266 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Saturday 3519 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Saturday MediaWiki:Savegroup 954 sysop 2270 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Save Group 3520 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Save Group MediaWiki:Saveusergroups 955 sysop 2272 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Save User Groups 3521 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Save User Groups MediaWiki:Sectionlink 956 sysop 2279 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default → 3522 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default → 4272 2005-08-19T23:37:32Z MediaWiki default → MediaWiki:Sep 957 sysop 2285 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Sep 3523 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Sep MediaWiki:September 958 sysop 2286 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default September 3524 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default September MediaWiki:Sharedupload 959 sysop 2292 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default This file is a shared upload and may be used by other projects. 3525 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default This is a file from the [[Commons:Main Page|Wikimedia Commons]]. Please see its '''[[Commons:Image:{{PAGENAME}}|description page]]''' there. 4069 2005-07-03T13:47:14Z MediaWiki default This file is a shared upload and may be used by other projects. MediaWiki:Showbigimage 960 sysop 2295 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Download high resolution version ($1x$2, $3 KB) 3526 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Download high resolution version ($1x$2, $3 KB) MediaWiki:Siteadminpheading 961 sysop 2303 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default siteadmin level 3527 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default siteadmin level MediaWiki:Sitenotice 962 sysop 2304 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default 3528 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default - 5597 2006-06-09T13:17:41Z Lee 85 If you have trouble reading sinhala fonts, [[Wikipedia:Sinhala font|click here]]. MediaWiki:Sitesettings 963 sysop 2305 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Site Settings 3529 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Site Settings MediaWiki:Sitesettings-caching 964 sysop 2306 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Page caching 3530 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Page caching MediaWiki:Sitesettings-cookies 965 sysop 2307 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Cookies 3531 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Cookies MediaWiki:Sitesettings-debugging 966 sysop 2308 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Debugging 3532 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Debugging MediaWiki:Sitesettings-features 967 sysop 2309 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Features 3533 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Features MediaWiki:Sitesettings-images 968 sysop 2310 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Images 3534 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Images MediaWiki:Sitesettings-memcached 969 sysop 2311 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Memcache Daemon 3535 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Memcache Daemon MediaWiki:Sitesettings-performance 970 sysop 2312 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Performance 3536 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Performance MediaWiki:Sitesettings-permissions 971 sysop 2313 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Permissions 3537 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Permissions MediaWiki:Sitesettings-permissions-banning 972 sysop 2314 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default User banning 3538 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default User banning MediaWiki:Sitesettings-permissions-miser 973 sysop 2315 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Performance settings 3539 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Performance settings MediaWiki:Sitesettings-permissions-readonly 974 sysop 2316 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Maintenance mode: Disable write access 3540 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Maintenance mode: Disable write access MediaWiki:Sitesettings-permissions-whitelist 975 sysop 2317 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Whitelist mode 3541 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Whitelist mode MediaWiki:Sitesettings-wgAllowExternalImages 976 sysop 2318 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Allow to include external images into articles 3542 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Allow to include external images into articles MediaWiki:Sitesettings-wgDefaultBlockExpiry 977 sysop 2319 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default By default, blocks expire after: 3543 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default By default, blocks expire after: MediaWiki:Sitesettings-wgDisableQueryPages 978 sysop 2320 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default When in miser mode, disable all query pages, not only "expensive" ones 3544 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default When in miser mode, disable all query pages, not only "expensive" ones MediaWiki:Sitesettings-wgHitcounterUpdateFreq 979 sysop 2321 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Hit counter update frequency 3545 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Hit counter update frequency MediaWiki:Sitesettings-wgMiserMode 980 sysop 2322 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Enable miser mode, which disables most "expensive" features 3546 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Enable miser mode, which disables most "expensive" features MediaWiki:Sitesettings-wgReadOnly 981 sysop 2323 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Readonly mode 3547 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Readonly mode MediaWiki:Sitesettings-wgReadOnlyFile 982 sysop 2324 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Readonly message file 3548 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Readonly message file MediaWiki:Sitesettings-wgShowIPinHeader 983 sysop 2325 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Show IP in header (for non-logged in users) 3549 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Show IP in header (for non-logged in users) MediaWiki:Sitesettings-wgSysopRangeBans 984 sysop 2326 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Sysops may block IP-ranges 3550 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Sysops may block IP-ranges MediaWiki:Sitesettings-wgSysopUserBans 985 sysop 2327 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Sysops may block logged-in users 3551 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Sysops may block logged-in users MediaWiki:Sitesettings-wgUseCategoryBrowser 986 sysop 2328 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Enable experimental dmoz-like category browsing. Outputs things like: Encyclopedia > Music > Style of Music > Jazz 3552 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Enable experimental dmoz-like category browsing. Outputs things like: Encyclopedia > Music > Style of Music > Jazz MediaWiki:Sitesettings-wgUseCategoryMagic 987 sysop 2329 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Enable categories 3553 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Enable categories MediaWiki:Sitesettings-wgUseDatabaseMessages 988 sysop 2330 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Use database messages for user interface labels 3554 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Use database messages for user interface labels MediaWiki:Sitesettings-wgUseWatchlistCache 989 sysop 2331 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Generate a watchlist once every hour or so 3555 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Generate a watchlist once every hour or so MediaWiki:Sitesettings-wgWLCacheTimeout 990 sysop 2332 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default The hour or so mentioned above (in seconds): 3556 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default The hour or so mentioned above (in seconds): MediaWiki:Sitesettings-wgWhitelistAccount-developer 991 sysop 2333 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Developers may create accounts for users 3557 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Developers may create accounts for users MediaWiki:Sitesettings-wgWhitelistAccount-sysop 992 sysop 2334 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Sysops may create accounts for users 3558 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Sysops may create accounts for users MediaWiki:Sitesettings-wgWhitelistAccount-user 993 sysop 2335 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Users may create accounts themself 3559 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Users may create accounts themself MediaWiki:Sitesettings-wgWhitelistEdit 994 sysop 2336 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Users must be logged in to edit 3560 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Users must be logged in to edit MediaWiki:Sitesettings-wgWhitelistRead 995 sysop 2337 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Anonymous users may only read these pages: 3561 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Anonymous users may only read these pages: MediaWiki:Sitesupport-url 996 sysop 2342 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Project:Site support 3562 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Project:Site support MediaWiki:Spamprotectionmatch 997 sysop 2347 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default The following text is what triggered our spam filter: $1 3563 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default The following text is what triggered our spam filter: $1 MediaWiki:Spamprotectiontext 998 sysop 2348 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default The page you wanted to save was blocked by the spam filter. This is probably caused by a link to an external site. 3564 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default The page you wanted to save was blocked by the spam filter. This is probably caused by a link to an external site. MediaWiki:Spamprotectiontitle 999 sysop 2349 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Spam protection filter 3565 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Spam protection filter MediaWiki:Special version postfix 1000 sysop 2350 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default   3566 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default   MediaWiki:Special version prefix 1001 sysop 2351 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default   3567 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default   MediaWiki:Subcategorycount 1002 sysop 2361 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default There are $1 subcategories to this category. 3568 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default There are $1 subcategories to this category. 5888 2006-07-01T19:07:52Z MediaWiki default There {{PLURAL:$1|is one subcategory|are $1 subcategories}} to this category. MediaWiki:Subcategorycount1 1003 sysop 2362 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default There is $1 subcategory to this category. 3569 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default There is $1 subcategory to this category. MediaWiki:Sunday 1004 sysop 2367 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Sunday 3570 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Sunday MediaWiki:Tagline 1005 sysop 2371 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default From {{SITENAME}} 3571 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default From {{SITENAME}} MediaWiki:Templatesused 1006 sysop 2378 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Templates used on this page: 3572 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Templates used on this page: MediaWiki:Thursday 1007 sysop 2383 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Thursday 3573 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Thursday MediaWiki:Timezonelegend 1008 sysop 2384 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Time zone 3574 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Time zone MediaWiki:Tog-editondblclick 1009 sysop 2389 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Edit pages on double click (JavaScript) 3575 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Edit pages on double click (JavaScript) MediaWiki:Tog-editsection 1010 sysop 2390 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Enable section editing via [edit] links 3576 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Enable section editing via [edit] links MediaWiki:Tog-editsectiononrightclick 1011 sysop 2391 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Enable section editing by right clicking on section titles (JavaScript) 3577 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Enable section editing by right clicking on section titles (JavaScript) MediaWiki:Tog-editwidth 1012 sysop 2392 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Edit box has full width 3578 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Edit box has full width MediaWiki:Tog-hideminor 1013 sysop 2393 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Hide minor edits in recent changes 3579 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Hide minor edits in recent changes MediaWiki:Tog-highlightbroken 1014 sysop 2394 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Format broken links <a href="" class="new">like this</a> (alternative: like this<a href="" class="internal">?</a>). 3580 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Format broken links <a href="" class="new">like this</a> (alternative: like this<a href="" class="internal">?</a>). MediaWiki:Tog-hover 1015 sysop 2395 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Show hoverbox over wiki links 3581 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Show hoverbox over wiki links MediaWiki:Tog-justify 1016 sysop 2396 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Justify paragraphs 3582 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Justify paragraphs MediaWiki:Tog-minordefault 1017 sysop 2397 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Mark all edits minor by default 3583 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Mark all edits minor by default MediaWiki:Tog-nocache 1018 sysop 2398 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Disable page caching 3584 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Disable page caching MediaWiki:Tog-numberheadings 1019 sysop 2399 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Auto-number headings 3585 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Auto-number headings MediaWiki:Tog-previewonfirst 1020 sysop 2400 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Show preview on first edit 3586 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Show preview on first edit MediaWiki:Tog-previewontop 1021 sysop 2401 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Show preview before edit box and not after it 3587 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Show preview before edit box and not after it 4086 2005-07-03T13:47:14Z MediaWiki default Show preview before edit box MediaWiki:Tog-rememberpassword 1022 sysop 2402 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Remember password across sessions 3588 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Remember password across sessions 4087 2005-07-03T13:47:14Z MediaWiki default Remember across sessions MediaWiki:Tog-showtoc 1023 sysop 2403 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Show table of contents (for pages with more than 3 headings) 3589 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Show table of contents (for pages with more than 3 headings) 4225 2005-07-29T11:09:18Z MediaWiki default Show table of contents (for pages with more than 3 headings) MediaWiki:Tog-showtoolbar 1024 sysop 2404 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Show edit toolbar 3590 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Show edit toolbar 4089 2005-07-03T13:47:14Z MediaWiki default Show edit toolbar (JavaScript) MediaWiki:Tog-underline 1025 sysop 2405 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Underline links 3591 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Underline links 4562 2005-11-09T23:10:59Z MediaWiki default Underline links: MediaWiki:Tog-usenewrc 1026 sysop 2406 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Enhanced recent changes (not for all browsers) 3592 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Enhanced recent changes (not for all browsers) 4090 2005-07-03T13:47:14Z MediaWiki default Enhanced recent changes (JavaScript) MediaWiki:Tog-watchdefault 1027 sysop 2407 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Add pages you edit to your watchlist 3593 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Add pages you edit to your watchlist 5014 2006-03-28T06:33:46Z MediaWiki default Add pages I edit to my watchlist MediaWiki:Tuesday 1028 sysop 2415 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Tuesday 3594 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Tuesday MediaWiki:Uncategorizedcategories 1029 sysop 2423 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Uncategorized categories 3595 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Uncategorized categories MediaWiki:Uncategorizedpages 1030 sysop 2424 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Uncategorized pages 3596 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Uncategorized pages MediaWiki:Undeletedrevisions 1031 sysop 2430 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default $1 revisions restored 3597 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default $1 revisions restored MediaWiki:Uploadcorrupt 1032 sysop 2456 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default The file is corrupt or has an incorrect extension. Please check the file and upload again. 3598 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default The file is corrupt or has an incorrect extension. Please check the file and upload again. MediaWiki:Usenewcategorypage 1033 sysop 2470 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default 1 Set first character to "0" to disable the new category page layout. 3599 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default 1 Set first character to "0" to disable the new category page layout. MediaWiki:Userlevels 1034 sysop 2476 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default User levels management 3600 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default User levels management MediaWiki:Userlevels-addgroup 1035 sysop 2477 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Add group 3601 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Add group MediaWiki:Userlevels-editgroup 1036 sysop 2478 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Edit group 3602 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Edit group MediaWiki:Userlevels-editgroup-description 1037 sysop 2479 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Group description (max 255 characters): 3603 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Group description (max 255 characters): MediaWiki:Userlevels-editgroup-name 1038 sysop 2480 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Group name: 3604 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Group name: MediaWiki:Userlevels-editusergroup 1039 sysop 2481 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Edit user groups 3605 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Edit user groups MediaWiki:Userlevels-group-edit 1040 sysop 2482 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Existent groups: 3606 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Existent groups: MediaWiki:Userlevels-groupsavailable 1041 sysop 2483 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Available groups: 3607 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Available groups: MediaWiki:Userlevels-groupshelp 1042 sysop 2484 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Select groups you want the user to be removed from or added to. Unselected groups will not be changed. You can unselect a group by using CTRL + Left Click 3608 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Select groups you want the user to be removed from or added to. Unselected groups will not be changed. You can unselect a group by using CTRL + Left Click MediaWiki:Userlevels-groupsmember 1043 sysop 2485 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Member of: 3609 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Member of: MediaWiki:Userlevels-lookup-group 1044 sysop 2486 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Manage group rights 3610 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Manage group rights MediaWiki:Userlevels-lookup-user 1045 sysop 2487 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Manage user groups 3611 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Manage user groups MediaWiki:Userlevels-user-editname 1046 sysop 2488 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Enter a username: 3612 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Enter a username: MediaWiki:Userrightspheading 1047 sysop 2493 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default userrights level 3613 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default userrights level MediaWiki:Val article lists 1048 sysop 2496 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default List of validated articles 3614 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default List of validated articles MediaWiki:Val clear old 1049 sysop 2497 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Clear my other validation data for $1 3615 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Clear my other validation data for $1 4114 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default Clear my older validation data MediaWiki:Val form note 1050 sysop 2498 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Hint: Merging your data means that for the article revision you select, all options where you have specified no opinion will be set to the value and comment of the most recent revision for which you have expressed an opinion. For example, if you want to change a single option for a newer revision, but also keep your other settings for this article in this revision, just select which option you intend to change, and merging will fill in the other options with your previous settings. 3616 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Hint: Merging your data means that for the article revision you select, all options where you have specified no opinion will be set to the value and comment of the most recent revision for which you have expressed an opinion. For example, if you want to change a single option for a newer revision, but also keep your other settings for this article in this revision, just select which option you intend to change, and merging will fill in the other options with your previous settings. 4118 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default '''Hint:''' Merging your data means that for the article revision you select, all options where you have specified ''no opinion'' will be set to the value and comment of the most recent revision for which you have expressed an opinion. For example, if you want to change a single option for a newer revision, but also keep your other settings for this article in this revision, just select which option you intend to ''change'', and merging will fill in the other options with your previous settings. MediaWiki:Val merge old 1051 sysop 2499 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Use my previous assessment where selected 'No opinion' 3617 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Use my previous assessment where selected 'No opinion' MediaWiki:Val no anon validation 1052 sysop 2500 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default You have to be logged in to validate an article. 3618 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default You have to be logged in to validate an article. MediaWiki:Val noop 1053 sysop 2501 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default No opinion 3619 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default No opinion MediaWiki:Val page validation statistics 1054 sysop 2502 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Page validation statistics for $1 3620 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Page validation statistics for $1 MediaWiki:Val percent 1055 sysop 2503 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default $1% ($2 of $3 points by $4 users) 3621 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default $1% ($2 of $3 points by $4 users) MediaWiki:Val percent single 1056 sysop 2504 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default $1% ($2 of $3 points by one user) 3622 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default $1% ($2 of $3 points by one user) MediaWiki:Val stat link text 1057 sysop 2505 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Validation statistics for this article 3623 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Validation statistics for this article MediaWiki:Val tab 1058 sysop 2506 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Validate 3624 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Validate MediaWiki:Val table header 1059 sysop 2507 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default <tr><th>Class</th>$1<th colspan=4>Opinion</th>$1<th>Comment</th></tr> 3625 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default <tr><th>Class</th>$1<th colspan=4>Opinion</th>$1<th>Comment</th></tr> 4324 2005-09-05T09:54:34Z MediaWiki default <tr><th>Class</th>$1<th colspan="4">Opinion</th>$1<th>Comment</th></tr>\n 4751 2005-12-22T07:39:47Z MediaWiki default <tr><th>Class</th>$1<th colspan="4">Opinion</th>$1<th>Comment</th></tr> MediaWiki:Val this is current version 1060 sysop 2508 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default this is the latest version 3626 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default this is the latest version MediaWiki:Val total 1061 sysop 2509 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Total 3627 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Total MediaWiki:Val user validations 1062 sysop 2510 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default This user has validated $1 pages. 3628 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default This user has validated $1 pages. MediaWiki:Val validate article namespace only 1063 sysop 2511 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Only articles can be validated. This page is not in the article namespace. 3629 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Only articles can be validated. This page is not in the article namespace. MediaWiki:Val validate version 1064 sysop 2512 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Validate this version 3630 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Validate this version MediaWiki:Val validated 1065 sysop 2513 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Validation done. 3631 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Validation done. MediaWiki:Val version 1066 sysop 2514 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Version 3632 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Version MediaWiki:Val version of 1067 sysop 2515 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Version of $1 3633 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Version of $1 MediaWiki:Val view version 1068 sysop 2516 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default View this version 3634 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default View this version 4136 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default View this revision MediaWiki:Validate 1069 sysop 2517 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Validate page 3635 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Validate page MediaWiki:Variantname-zh 1070 sysop 2518 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default zh 3636 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default zh MediaWiki:Variantname-zh-cn 1071 sysop 2519 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default cn 3637 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default cn MediaWiki:Variantname-zh-hk 1072 sysop 2520 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default hk 3638 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default hk MediaWiki:Variantname-zh-sg 1073 sysop 2521 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default sg 3639 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default sg MediaWiki:Variantname-zh-tw 1074 sysop 2522 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default tw 3640 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default tw MediaWiki:Wednesday 1075 sysop 2542 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Wednesday 3641 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Wednesday MediaWiki:Yourlanguage 1076 sysop 2560 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Interface language 3642 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Interface language 4158 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default Language 4578 2005-11-09T23:11:00Z MediaWiki default Language: MediaWiki:Yourvariant 1077 sysop 2567 2004-12-23T05:40:38Z MediaWiki default Language variant 3643 2005-06-25T11:23:03Z MediaWiki default Language variant 4163 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default Variant User:Astronouth7303 1078 1622 2004-12-26T23:18:54Z Astronouth7303 9 I thought I made this page... __NOTOC__ '''Permit! Ahh! :ahh:''' ==Stats== [http://www.firstwiki.org/index.php?title=Special:Contributions&target=Astronouth7303 My Contributions] [[User_Talk:Astronouth7303|My Talk Page]] {| |- |AKA: |Jamie Bliss |- |Joined: |Fall 2003 |- |AIM: |[aim:Astronouth7303 Astronouth7303] |- |e-mail: |http://endeavour.zapto.org/astro73/e-mail.jpg thank you to [http://www.chiefdelphi.com/forums/member.php?u=682 JosephM] for inviting me! |- |ChiefDelphi: |[http://www.chiefdelphi.com/forums/member.php?userid=5957 Astronouth7303] |- |Home page: |[http://endeavour.zapto.org/astro73/ Astronouth7303.com] |} ==Info== Working on [http://furc.zapto.org/ FURC]. 3644 2004-12-26T23:23:15Z Astronouth7303 9 /* Stats */ I thought I made this page... __NOTOC__ '''Permit! Ahh! :ahh:''' ==Stats== [[User_Talk:Astronouth7303|My Talk Page]] {| |- |AKA: |Jamie Bliss |- |Joined: |Fall 2003 |- |AIM: |[aim:Astronouth7303 Astronouth7303] |- |e-mail: |http://endeavour.zapto.org/astro73/e-mail.jpg thank you to [http://www.chiefdelphi.com/forums/member.php?u=682 JosephM] for inviting me! |- |ChiefDelphi: |[http://www.chiefdelphi.com/forums/member.php?userid=5957 Astronouth7303] |- |Home page: |[http://endeavour.zapto.org/astro73/ Astronouth7303.com] |} ==Info== Working on [http://furc.zapto.org/ FURC]. Wikipedia:Community Portal 1079 3645 2005-02-28T23:51:56Z 68.201.154.191 Hello having trouble getting help requested..first time user.someone plese tell me how to use this service..its very valuable..your help appreciated..can contact me at jqq@godplace.com thanks again 4338 2005-09-09T17:26:19Z Chin 20 Hello having trouble getting help requested..first time user.someone plese tell me how to use this service..its very valuable..your help appreciated..can contact me at jqq@godplace.com thanks again Welcome to Sinhala wikipedia. We need to talk to Jimbo about changing the links etc to Sinhala. You need to install Sinhala unicode fonts to view/edit articles in Sinhala. I will do the main page in a couple of days. You can install Sinhala software from the University of Moratuwa link I have provided in the main page or from [[http://www.fonts.lk]]. This could be the start of something great. [[User:Chin|Chin Dayaratne]] 17:26, 9 September 2005 (UTC) 4760 2005-12-26T15:50:52Z 70.51.134.28 Once the Sinhala community knows about the potential of Wikipedia, the Sinhala Wikipedia will undergo a rapid evolution Hello having trouble getting help requested..first time user.someone plese tell me how to use this service..its very valuable..your help appreciated..can contact me at jqq@godplace.com thanks again Welcome to Sinhala wikipedia. We need to talk to Jimbo about changing the links etc to Sinhala. You need to install Sinhala unicode fonts to view/edit articles in Sinhala. I will do the main page in a couple of days. You can install Sinhala software from the University of Moratuwa link I have provided in the main page or from [[http://www.fonts.lk]]. This could be the start of something great. [[User:Chin|Chin Dayaratne]] 17:26, 9 September 2005 (UTC) The Sinhala edition of the Wikipedia is at its very beginnings. Once the Sinhala community knows about the potential of Wikipedia, the Sinhala Wikipedia will undergo a rapid evolution. --[[User:70.51.134.28|70.51.134.28]] 15:50, 26 December 2005 (UTC) 4762 2005-12-26T16:14:20Z Natkeeran 49 to do Hello having trouble getting help requested..first time user.someone plese tell me how to use this service..its very valuable..your help appreciated..can contact me at jqq@godplace.com thanks again Welcome to Sinhala wikipedia. We need to talk to Jimbo about changing the links etc to Sinhala. You need to install Sinhala unicode fonts to view/edit articles in Sinhala. I will do the main page in a couple of days. You can install Sinhala software from the University of Moratuwa link I have provided in the main page or from [[http://www.fonts.lk]]. This could be the start of something great. [[User:Chin|Chin Dayaratne]] 17:26, 9 September 2005 (UTC) {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid #069;margin-bottom:15px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#D0E2EE;" | Welcome to Sinhala Wikipedia! |- | style="border-top:1px solid #069;font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#EAF5FB" | The [[:en:Sinhala]] edition of the [[:en:Wikipedia]] is at its very beginnings. Once the Sinhala community learns about the potential of Wikipedia, the [[Sinhala Wikipedia]] will undergo a rapid evolution. |} {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border:none;" | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |To Do |- | style="border-top:1px solid GoldenRod; font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#FFFFEC;"| :* Translate the Interface :* Let others know about the Sinhala Wikipedia :* Write and/or translate guides and help sections :* Write articles :* Help create a basic classification system for the Sinhala Wikipedia http://geography.about.com/library/congress/bllc.htm :* Help create a Featured Article, to be example to others :* Translate this community portal :* Do whatever you think necessary to advance the project |} 4775 2005-12-26T17:09:13Z Natkeeran 49 Hello having trouble getting help requested..first time user.someone plese tell me how to use this service..its very valuable..your help appreciated..can contact me at jqq@godplace.com thanks again Welcome to Sinhala wikipedia. We need to talk to Jimbo about changing the links etc to Sinhala. You need to install Sinhala unicode fonts to view/edit articles in Sinhala. I will do the main page in a couple of days. You can install Sinhala software from the University of Moratuwa link I have provided in the main page or from [[http://www.fonts.lk]]. This could be the start of something great. [[User:Chin|Chin Dayaratne]] 17:26, 9 September 2005 (UTC) {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid #069;margin-bottom:15px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#D0E2EE;" | Welcome to Sinhala Wikipedia! |- | style="border-top:1px solid #069;font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#EAF5FB" | The [[:en:Sinhala]] edition of the [[:en:Wikipedia]] is at its very beginnings. Once the Sinhala community learns about the potential of Wikipedia, the [[Sinhala Wikipedia]] will undergo a rapid evolution. |} {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border:none;" | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |To Do |- | style="border-top:1px solid GoldenRod; font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#FFFFEC;"| :* Translate the Interface :* Let others know about the Sinhala Wikipedia :* Write and/or translate guides and help sections :* Write articles :* Help create a basic classification system for the Sinhala Wikipedia http://geography.about.com/library/congress/bllc.htm :* Help create a Featured Article, to be example to others :* Translate this community portal :* Do whatever you think necessary to advance the project |} == Five (proxy) Articles to Generate Stats (please translate and move) == :* [[Sinhala]] :* [[Sri Lanka]] :* [[Sinhalese]] :* [[Unity]] :* [[Tamil]] 4780 2005-12-26T17:19:47Z 70.51.134.28 Hello having trouble getting help requested..first time user.someone plese tell me how to use this service..its very valuable..your help appreciated..can contact me at jqq@godplace.com thanks again Welcome to Sinhala wikipedia. We need to talk to Jimbo about changing the links etc to Sinhala. You need to install Sinhala unicode fonts to view/edit articles in Sinhala. I will do the main page in a couple of days. You can install Sinhala software from the University of Moratuwa link I have provided in the main page or from [[http://www.fonts.lk]]. This could be the start of something great. [[User:Chin|Chin Dayaratne]] 17:26, 9 September 2005 (UTC) {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid #069;margin-bottom:15px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#D0E2EE;" | Welcome to Sinhala Wikipedia! |- | style="border-top:1px solid #069;font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#EAF5FB" | The [[:en:Sinhala]] edition of the [[:en:Wikipedia]] is at its very beginnings. Once the Sinhala community learns about the potential of Wikipedia, the [[Sinhala Wikipedia]] will undergo a rapid evolution. |} {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border:none;" | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |To Do |- | style="border-top:1px solid GoldenRod; font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#FFFFEC;"| :* Translate the Interface :* Let others know about the Sinhala Wikipedia :* Write and/or translate guides and help sections :* Write articles :* Help create a basic classification system for the Sinhala Wikipedia http://geography.about.com/library/congress/bllc.htm :* Help create a Featured Article, to be example to others :* Translate this community portal :* Do whatever you think necessary to advance the project |} == Five (proxy) Articles to Generate Stats (please translate and move) == :* [[Sinhala]] :* [[Sri Lanka]] :* [[Sinhalese]] :* [[Peace]] :* [[Tamil]] 4782 2005-12-26T17:26:01Z Natkeeran 49 /* Five (proxy) Articles to Generate Stats (please translate and move) */ Hello having trouble getting help requested..first time user.someone plese tell me how to use this service..its very valuable..your help appreciated..can contact me at jqq@godplace.com thanks again Welcome to Sinhala wikipedia. We need to talk to Jimbo about changing the links etc to Sinhala. You need to install Sinhala unicode fonts to view/edit articles in Sinhala. I will do the main page in a couple of days. You can install Sinhala software from the University of Moratuwa link I have provided in the main page or from [[http://www.fonts.lk]]. This could be the start of something great. [[User:Chin|Chin Dayaratne]] 17:26, 9 September 2005 (UTC) {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid #069;margin-bottom:15px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#D0E2EE;" | Welcome to Sinhala Wikipedia! |- | style="border-top:1px solid #069;font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#EAF5FB" | The [[:en:Sinhala]] edition of the [[:en:Wikipedia]] is at its very beginnings. Once the Sinhala community learns about the potential of Wikipedia, the [[Sinhala Wikipedia]] will undergo a rapid evolution. |} {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border:none;" | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |To Do |- | style="border-top:1px solid GoldenRod; font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#FFFFEC;"| :* Translate the Interface :* Let others know about the Sinhala Wikipedia :* Write and/or translate guides and help sections :* Write articles :* Help create a basic classification system for the Sinhala Wikipedia http://geography.about.com/library/congress/bllc.htm :* Help create a Featured Article, to be example to others :* Translate this community portal :* Do whatever you think necessary to advance the project |} == Five (proxy) Articles to Generate Stats (please translate and move) == :* [[Sinhala]] :* [[Sri Lanka]] :* [[Sinhalese]] :* [[Peace]] :* [[Tamil people]] 4784 2005-12-26T17:30:38Z Natkeeran 49 Hello having trouble getting help requested..first time user.someone plese tell me how to use this service..its very valuable..your help appreciated..can contact me at jqq@godplace.com thanks again Welcome to Sinhala wikipedia. We need to talk to Jimbo about changing the links etc to Sinhala. You need to install Sinhala unicode fonts to view/edit articles in Sinhala. I will do the main page in a couple of days. You can install Sinhala software from the University of Moratuwa link I have provided in the main page or from [[http://www.fonts.lk]]. This could be the start of something great. [[User:Chin|Chin Dayaratne]] 17:26, 9 September 2005 (UTC) {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid #069;margin-bottom:15px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#D0E2EE;" | Welcome to Sinhala Wikipedia! |- | style="border-top:1px solid #069;font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#EAF5FB" | The [[:en:Sinhala]] edition of the [[:en:Wikipedia]] is at its very beginnings. Once the Sinhala community learns about the potential of Wikipedia, the [[Sinhala Wikipedia]] will undergo a rapid evolution. |} {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border:none;" | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |To Do |- | style="border-top:1px solid GoldenRod; font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#FFFFEC;"| :* Translate the Interface :* Let others know about the Sinhala Wikipedia :* Write and/or translate guides and help sections :* Write articles :* Help create a basic classification system for the Sinhala Wikipedia http://geography.about.com/library/congress/bllc.htm :* Help create a Featured Article, to be example to others :* Translate this community portal :* Do whatever you think necessary to advance the project |} == Five (proxy) Articles to Generate Stats (please translate and move) == :* [[Sinhala]] :* [[Sri Lanka]] :* [[Buddha]] :* [[Sinhalese]] :* [[Peace]] :* [[Tamil people]] :* [[Wikipedia]] :* 4788 2005-12-26T17:37:20Z Natkeeran 49 Hello having trouble getting help requested..first time user.someone plese tell me how to use this service..its very valuable..your help appreciated..can contact me at jqq@godplace.com thanks again Welcome to Sinhala wikipedia. We need to talk to Jimbo about changing the links etc to Sinhala. You need to install Sinhala unicode fonts to view/edit articles in Sinhala. I will do the main page in a couple of days. You can install Sinhala software from the University of Moratuwa link I have provided in the main page or from [[http://www.fonts.lk]]. This could be the start of something great. [[User:Chin|Chin Dayaratne]] 17:26, 9 September 2005 (UTC) {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid #069;margin-bottom:15px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#D0E2EE;" | Welcome to Sinhala Wikipedia! |- | style="border-top:1px solid #069;font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#EAF5FB" | The [[:en:Sinhala]] edition of the [[:en:Wikipedia]] is at its very beginnings. Once the Sinhala community learns about the potential of Wikipedia, the [[Sinhala Wikipedia]] will undergo a rapid evolution. |} {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border:none;" | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |To Do |- | style="border-top:1px solid GoldenRod; font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#FFFFEC;"| :* Translate the Interface :* Let others know about the Sinhala Wikipedia :* Write and/or translate guides and help sections :* Write articles :* Help create a basic classification system for the Sinhala Wikipedia http://geography.about.com/library/congress/bllc.htm :* Help create a Featured Article, to be example to others :* Translate this community portal :* Do whatever you think necessary to advance the project |} == Five (proxy) Articles to Generate Stats (please translate and move) == :* [[Sinhala]] :* [[Sri Lanka]] :* [[Buddha]] :* [[Sinhalese]] :* [[Peace]] :* [[Tamil people]] :* [[Wikipedia]] {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid #069;margin-bottom:15px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#D0E2EE;" | Wikipedia Stats |- | style="border-top:1px solid #069;font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#EAF5FB" | :* http://en.wikipedia.org/wikistats/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm |} 4791 2005-12-26T17:40:09Z Natkeeran 49 Hello having trouble getting help requested..first time user.someone plese tell me how to use this service..its very valuable..your help appreciated..can contact me at jqq@godplace.com thanks again Welcome to Sinhala wikipedia. We need to talk to Jimbo about changing the links etc to Sinhala. You need to install Sinhala unicode fonts to view/edit articles in Sinhala. I will do the main page in a couple of days. You can install Sinhala software from the University of Moratuwa link I have provided in the main page or from [[http://www.fonts.lk]]. This could be the start of something great. [[User:Chin|Chin Dayaratne]] 17:26, 9 September 2005 (UTC) {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid #069;margin-bottom:15px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#D0E2EE;" | Welcome to Sinhala Wikipedia! |- | style="border-top:1px solid #069;font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#EAF5FB" | The [[:en:Sinhala|Sinhala]] edition of the [[:en:Wikipedia|Wikipedia]] is at its very beginning. Once the wider Sinhala community learn about the potential of Wikipedia, the [[Sinhala Wikipedia]] will undergo a rapid evolution. |} {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border:none;" | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |To Do |- | style="border-top:1px solid GoldenRod; font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#FFFFEC;"| :* Translate the Interface :* Let others know about the Sinhala Wikipedia :* Write and/or translate guides and help sections :* Write articles :* Help create a basic classification system for the Sinhala Wikipedia http://geography.about.com/library/congress/bllc.htm :* Help create a Featured Article, to be example to others :* Translate this community portal :* Do whatever you think necessary to advance the project |} == Five (proxy) Articles to Generate Stats (please translate and move) == :* [[Sinhala]] :* [[Sri Lanka]] :* [[Buddha]] :* [[Sinhalese]] :* [[Peace]] :* [[Tamil people]] :* [[Wikipedia]] {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid #069;margin-bottom:15px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#D0E2EE;" | Wikipedia Stats |- | style="border-top:1px solid #069;font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#EAF5FB" | :* http://en.wikipedia.org/wikistats/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm |} 4792 2005-12-26T20:01:50Z 70.51.122.152 /* Five (proxy) Articles to Generate Stats (please translate and move) */ Hello having trouble getting help requested..first time user.someone plese tell me how to use this service..its very valuable..your help appreciated..can contact me at jqq@godplace.com thanks again Welcome to Sinhala wikipedia. We need to talk to Jimbo about changing the links etc to Sinhala. You need to install Sinhala unicode fonts to view/edit articles in Sinhala. I will do the main page in a couple of days. You can install Sinhala software from the University of Moratuwa link I have provided in the main page or from [[http://www.fonts.lk]]. This could be the start of something great. [[User:Chin|Chin Dayaratne]] 17:26, 9 September 2005 (UTC) {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid #069;margin-bottom:15px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#D0E2EE;" | Welcome to Sinhala Wikipedia! |- | style="border-top:1px solid #069;font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#EAF5FB" | The [[:en:Sinhala|Sinhala]] edition of the [[:en:Wikipedia|Wikipedia]] is at its very beginning. Once the wider Sinhala community learn about the potential of Wikipedia, the [[Sinhala Wikipedia]] will undergo a rapid evolution. |} {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border:none;" | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |To Do |- | style="border-top:1px solid GoldenRod; font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#FFFFEC;"| :* Translate the Interface :* Let others know about the Sinhala Wikipedia :* Write and/or translate guides and help sections :* Write articles :* Help create a basic classification system for the Sinhala Wikipedia http://geography.about.com/library/congress/bllc.htm :* Help create a Featured Article, to be example to others :* Translate this community portal :* Do whatever you think necessary to advance the project |} == Five (proxy) Articles to Generate Stats (please translate and move) == :* [[Sinhala]] :* [[Sri Lanka]] :* [[Buddha]] :* [[Sinhalese]] :* [[Peace]] :* [[Wikipedia]] {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid #069;margin-bottom:15px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#D0E2EE;" | Wikipedia Stats |- | style="border-top:1px solid #069;font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#EAF5FB" | :* http://en.wikipedia.org/wikistats/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm |} 4793 2005-12-26T22:15:43Z 70.51.122.152 /* Five (proxy) Articles to Generate Stats (please translate and move) */ Hello having trouble getting help requested..first time user.someone plese tell me how to use this service..its very valuable..your help appreciated..can contact me at jqq@godplace.com thanks again Welcome to Sinhala wikipedia. We need to talk to Jimbo about changing the links etc to Sinhala. You need to install Sinhala unicode fonts to view/edit articles in Sinhala. I will do the main page in a couple of days. You can install Sinhala software from the University of Moratuwa link I have provided in the main page or from [[http://www.fonts.lk]]. This could be the start of something great. [[User:Chin|Chin Dayaratne]] 17:26, 9 September 2005 (UTC) {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid #069;margin-bottom:15px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#D0E2EE;" | Welcome to Sinhala Wikipedia! |- | style="border-top:1px solid #069;font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#EAF5FB" | The [[:en:Sinhala|Sinhala]] edition of the [[:en:Wikipedia|Wikipedia]] is at its very beginning. Once the wider Sinhala community learn about the potential of Wikipedia, the [[Sinhala Wikipedia]] will undergo a rapid evolution. |} {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border:none;" | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |To Do |- | style="border-top:1px solid GoldenRod; font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#FFFFEC;"| :* Translate the Interface :* Let others know about the Sinhala Wikipedia :* Write and/or translate guides and help sections :* Write articles :* Help create a basic classification system for the Sinhala Wikipedia http://geography.about.com/library/congress/bllc.htm :* Help create a Featured Article, to be example to others :* Translate this community portal :* Do whatever you think necessary to advance the project |} == Five (proxy) Articles to Generate Stats (please translate and move) == :* [[Sinhala]] :* [[Sri Lanka]] :* [[Buddha]] :* [[Sinhalese]] :* [[Peace]] :* [[Wikipedia]] {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid #069;margin-bottom:15px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#D0E2EE;" | Wikipedia Stats |- | style="border-top:1px solid #069;font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#EAF5FB" | :* http://en.wikipedia.org/wikistats/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm |} {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid #069;margin-bottom:15px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#D0E2EE;" | Wikipedia Community |- | style="border-top:1px solid #069;font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#EAF5FB" | [[Special:Listusers|Fellow Wikipedians]] |} 4794 2005-12-26T22:25:06Z 70.51.122.152 Hello having trouble getting help requested..first time user.someone plese tell me how to use this service..its very valuable..your help appreciated..can contact me at jqq@godplace.com thanks again Welcome to Sinhala wikipedia. We need to talk to Jimbo about changing the links etc to Sinhala. You need to install Sinhala unicode fonts to view/edit articles in Sinhala. I will do the main page in a couple of days. You can install Sinhala software from the University of Moratuwa link I have provided in the main page or from [[http://www.fonts.lk]]. This could be the start of something great. [[User:Chin|Chin Dayaratne]] 17:26, 9 September 2005 (UTC) {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid #069;margin-bottom:15px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#D0E2EE;" | Welcome to Sinhala Wikipedia! |- | style="border-top:1px solid #069;font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#EAF5FB" | The [[:en:Sinhala|Sinhala]] edition of the [[:en:Wikipedia|Wikipedia]] is at its very beginning. Once the wider Sinhala community learn about the potential of Wikipedia, the [[Sinhala Wikipedia]] will undergo a rapid evolution. |} {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border:none;" | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |To Do |- | style="border-top:1px solid GoldenRod; font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#FFFFEC;"| :* Translate the Interface :* Let others know about the Sinhala Wikipedia :* Write and/or translate guides and help sections :* Write articles :* Help create a basic classification system for the Sinhala Wikipedia http://geography.about.com/library/congress/bllc.htm :* Help create a Featured Article, to be example to others :* Translate this community portal :* Do whatever you think necessary to advance the project |} {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border:none;" | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |Wikipedia Stats |- | :* http://en.wikipedia.org/wikistats/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm |} {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |Wikipedia Community |- | style="border-top:1px solid GoldenRod; font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#FFFFEC;"| :* [[Special:Listusers|Fellow Wikipedians]] |} == Five (proxy) Articles to Generate Stats (please translate and move) == :* [[Sinhala]] :* [[Sri Lanka]] :* [[Buddha]] :* [[Sinhalese]] :* [[Peace]] :* [[Wikipedia]] 4795 2005-12-26T22:26:01Z 70.51.122.152 Hello having trouble getting help requested..first time user.someone plese tell me how to use this service..its very valuable..your help appreciated..can contact me at jqq@godplace.com thanks again Welcome to Sinhala wikipedia. We need to talk to Jimbo about changing the links etc to Sinhala. You need to install Sinhala unicode fonts to view/edit articles in Sinhala. I will do the main page in a couple of days. You can install Sinhala software from the University of Moratuwa link I have provided in the main page or from [[http://www.fonts.lk]]. This could be the start of something great. [[User:Chin|Chin Dayaratne]] 17:26, 9 September 2005 (UTC) {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid #069;margin-bottom:15px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#D0E2EE;" | Welcome to Sinhala Wikipedia! |- | style="border-top:1px solid #069;font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#EAF5FB" | The [[:en:Sinhala|Sinhala]] edition of the [[:en:Wikipedia|Wikipedia]] is at its very beginning. Once the wider Sinhala community learn about the potential of Wikipedia, the [[Sinhala Wikipedia]] will undergo a rapid evolution. |} {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border:none;" | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |To Do |- | style="border-top:1px solid GoldenRod; font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#FFFFEC;"| :* Translate the Interface :* Let others know about the Sinhala Wikipedia :* Write and/or translate guides and help sections :* Write articles :* Help create a basic classification system for the Sinhala Wikipedia http://geography.about.com/library/congress/bllc.htm :* Help create a Featured Article, to be example to others :* Translate this community portal :* Do whatever you think necessary to advance the project |} {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border:none;" | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |Wikipedia Stats |- | :* http://en.wikipedia.org/wikistats/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm |} {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |Wikipedia Community |- | style="border-top:1px solid GoldenRod; font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#FFFFEC;"| :* [[Special:Listusers|Fellow Wikipedians]] |} == Five (proxy) Articles to Generate Stats (please translate and move) == :* [[Sinhala]] :* [[Sri Lanka]] :* [[Buddha]] :* [[Sinhalese]] :* [[Peace]] :* [[Wikipedia]] [[Category:Wikipedia]] 4798 2005-12-27T20:37:32Z 70.51.156.42 minor eiits Hello having trouble getting help requested..first time user.someone plese tell me how to use this service..its very valuable..your help appreciated..can contact me at jqq@godplace.com thanks again Welcome to Sinhala wikipedia. We need to talk to Jimbo about changing the links etc to Sinhala. You need to install Sinhala unicode fonts to view/edit articles in Sinhala. I will do the main page in a couple of days. You can install Sinhala software from the University of Moratuwa link I have provided in the main page or from [[http://www.fonts.lk]]. This could be the start of something great. [[User:Chin|Chin Dayaratne]] 17:26, 9 September 2005 (UTC) {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid #069;margin-bottom:15px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#D0E2EE;" | Welcome to Sinhala Wikipedia! |- | style="border-top:1px solid #069;font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#EAF5FB" | The [[:en:Sinhala|Sinhala]] edition of the [[:en:Wikipedia|Wikipedia]] is at its very beginning. Once the wider Sinhala community learns about the potential of Wikipedia, the [[Sinhala Wikipedia]] will undergo a rapid evolution. |} {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border:none;" | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |To Do |- | style="border-top:1px solid GoldenRod; font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#FFFFEC;"| :* Translate the Interface :* Let others know about the Sinhala Wikipedia :* Write and/or translate guides and help sections :* Write articles :* Help create a basic classification system for the Sinhala Wikipedia http://geography.about.com/library/congress/bllc.htm :* Help create a Feature Article, to be example to others :* Translate this community portal :* Do whatever you think necessary to advance the project |} {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border:none;" | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |Wikipedia Stats |- | :* http://en.wikipedia.org/wikistats/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm |} {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |Wikipedia Community |- | style="border-top:1px solid GoldenRod; font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#FFFFEC;"| :* [[Special:Listusers|Fellow Wikipedians]] |} == Five (proxy) Articles to Generate Stats (please translate and move) == :* [[Sinhala]] :* [[Sri Lanka]] :* [[Buddha]] :* [[Sinhalese]] :* [[Peace]] :* [[Wikipedia]] [[Category:Wikipedia]] 5126 2006-04-22T02:07:47Z Sasakthi 84 Added some more stuff to fill.. Hello having trouble getting help requested..first time user.someone plese tell me how to use this service..its very valuable..your help appreciated..can contact me at jqq@godplace.com thanks again Welcome to Sinhala wikipedia. We need to talk to Jimbo about changing the links etc to Sinhala. You need to install Sinhala unicode fonts to view/edit articles in Sinhala. I will do the main page in a couple of days. You can install Sinhala software from the University of Moratuwa link I have provided in the main page or from [[http://www.fonts.lk]]. This could be the start of something great. [[User:Chin|Chin Dayaratne]] 17:26, 9 September 2005 (UTC) {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid #069;margin-bottom:15px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#D0E2EE;" | Welcome to Sinhala Wikipedia! |- | style="border-top:1px solid #069;font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#EAF5FB" | The [[:en:Sinhala|Sinhala]] edition of the [[:en:Wikipedia|Wikipedia]] is at its very beginning. Once the wider Sinhala community learns about the potential of Wikipedia, the [[Sinhala Wikipedia]] will undergo a rapid evolution. |} {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border:none;" | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |To Do |- | style="border-top:1px solid GoldenRod; font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#FFFFEC;"| :* Translate the Interface :* Let others know about the Sinhala Wikipedia :* Write and/or translate guides and help sections :* Write articles :* Help create a basic classification system for the Sinhala Wikipedia http://geography.about.com/library/congress/bllc.htm :* Help create a Feature Article, to be example to others :* Translate this community portal :* Do whatever you think necessary to advance the project |} {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border:none;" | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |Wikipedia Stats |- | :* http://en.wikipedia.org/wikistats/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm |} {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |Wikipedia Community |- | style="border-top:1px solid GoldenRod; font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#FFFFEC;"| :* [[Special:Listusers|Fellow Wikipedians]] |} == Articles to write... Please fill these up == :* [[Sri Lanka]] :* [[Buddha]] :* [[Sinhalese]] :* [[Peace]] :* [[Wikipedia]] :* [[ඉන්දු-යුරෝපීය භාෂා]] :* [[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය භාෂා]] :* [[ඉන්දියාව]] :* [[පෘතුගාලය]] :* [[ඹ්ලන්දය]] :* [[එන්ගලන්තය]] :* [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 500]] :* [[ක්‍රි.ව. 20වන ‍ශත වර්ශය]] :* [[මහා වංශය]] :* [[බුදු දහම]] :* [[කාලිදාස]] :* [[දෙමළ ඡාතිය]] :* [[කුමාරතුංග මුනිදාස]] :* [[මාටින් වික්‍රමසිංහ]] :* [[සිංහල අක්ෂර]] :* [[බ්‍රාහ්මීය අක්ෂර]] :* [[රොඩී]] :* [[වැද්දන්]] [[Category:Wikipedia]] 5128 2006-04-22T02:09:44Z Sasakthi 84 /* Articles to write... Please fill these up */ Hello having trouble getting help requested..first time user.someone plese tell me how to use this service..its very valuable..your help appreciated..can contact me at jqq@godplace.com thanks again Welcome to Sinhala wikipedia. We need to talk to Jimbo about changing the links etc to Sinhala. You need to install Sinhala unicode fonts to view/edit articles in Sinhala. I will do the main page in a couple of days. You can install Sinhala software from the University of Moratuwa link I have provided in the main page or from [[http://www.fonts.lk]]. This could be the start of something great. [[User:Chin|Chin Dayaratne]] 17:26, 9 September 2005 (UTC) {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid #069;margin-bottom:15px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#D0E2EE;" | Welcome to Sinhala Wikipedia! |- | style="border-top:1px solid #069;font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#EAF5FB" | The [[:en:Sinhala|Sinhala]] edition of the [[:en:Wikipedia|Wikipedia]] is at its very beginning. Once the wider Sinhala community learns about the potential of Wikipedia, the [[Sinhala Wikipedia]] will undergo a rapid evolution. |} {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border:none;" | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |To Do |- | style="border-top:1px solid GoldenRod; font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#FFFFEC;"| :* Translate the Interface :* Let others know about the Sinhala Wikipedia :* Write and/or translate guides and help sections :* Write articles :* Help create a basic classification system for the Sinhala Wikipedia http://geography.about.com/library/congress/bllc.htm :* Help create a Feature Article, to be example to others :* Translate this community portal :* Do whatever you think necessary to advance the project |} {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border:none;" | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |Wikipedia Stats |- | :* http://en.wikipedia.org/wikistats/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm |} {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |Wikipedia Community |- | style="border-top:1px solid GoldenRod; font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#FFFFEC;"| :* [[Special:Listusers|Fellow Wikipedians]] |} == Articles to write... Please fill these up == :* [[Buddha]] :* [[Sinhalese]] :* [[Peace]] :* [[Wikipedia]] :* [[ඉන්දු-යුරෝපීය භාෂා]] :* [[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය භාෂා]] :* [[ඉන්දියාව]] :* [[පෘතුගාලය]] :* [[ඹ්ලන්දය]] :* [[එන්ගලන්තය]] :* [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 500]] :* [[ක්‍රි.ව. 20වන ‍ශත වර්ශය]] :* [[මහා වංශය]] :* [[බුදු දහම]] :* [[කාලිදාස]] :* [[දෙමළ ඡාතිය]] :* [[කුමාරතුංග මුනිදාස]] :* [[මාටින් වික්‍රමසිංහ]] :* [[සිංහල අක්ෂර]] :* [[බ්‍රාහ්මීය අක්ෂර]] :* [[රොඩී]] :* [[වැද්දන්]] [[Category:Wikipedia]] 5133 2006-04-22T04:29:26Z Sasakthi 84 Removing Sinhala Characters, and adding abugida Hello having trouble getting help requested..first time user.someone plese tell me how to use this service..its very valuable..your help appreciated..can contact me at jqq@godplace.com thanks again Welcome to Sinhala wikipedia. We need to talk to Jimbo about changing the links etc to Sinhala. You need to install Sinhala unicode fonts to view/edit articles in Sinhala. I will do the main page in a couple of days. You can install Sinhala software from the University of Moratuwa link I have provided in the main page or from [[http://www.fonts.lk]]. This could be the start of something great. [[User:Chin|Chin Dayaratne]] 17:26, 9 September 2005 (UTC) {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid #069;margin-bottom:15px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#D0E2EE;" | Welcome to Sinhala Wikipedia! |- | style="border-top:1px solid #069;font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#EAF5FB" | The [[:en:Sinhala|Sinhala]] edition of the [[:en:Wikipedia|Wikipedia]] is at its very beginning. Once the wider Sinhala community learns about the potential of Wikipedia, the [[Sinhala Wikipedia]] will undergo a rapid evolution. |} {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border:none;" | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |To Do |- | style="border-top:1px solid GoldenRod; font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#FFFFEC;"| :* Translate the Interface :* Let others know about the Sinhala Wikipedia :* Write and/or translate guides and help sections :* Write articles :* Help create a basic classification system for the Sinhala Wikipedia http://geography.about.com/library/congress/bllc.htm :* Help create a Feature Article, to be example to others :* Translate this community portal :* Do whatever you think necessary to advance the project |} {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border:none;" | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |Wikipedia Stats |- | :* http://en.wikipedia.org/wikistats/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm |} {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |Wikipedia Community |- | style="border-top:1px solid GoldenRod; font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#FFFFEC;"| :* [[Special:Listusers|Fellow Wikipedians]] |} == Articles to write... Please fill these up == :* [[Buddha]] :* [[Sinhalese]] :* [[Peace]] :* [[Wikipedia]] :* [[ඉන්දු-යුරෝපීය භාෂා]] :* [[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය භාෂා]] :* [[ඉන්දියාව]] :* [[පෘතුගාලය]] :* [[ඹ්ලන්දය]] :* [[එන්ගලන්තය]] :* [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 500]] :* [[ක්‍රි.ව. 20වන ‍ශත වර්ශය]] :* [[මහා වංශය]] :* [[බුදු දහම]] :* [[කාලිදාස]] :* [[දෙමළ ඡාතිය]] :* [[කුමාරතුංග මුනිදාස]] :* [[මාටින් වික්‍රමසිංහ]] :* [[බ්‍රාහ්මීය අක්ෂර]] :* [[රොඩී]] :* [[වැද්දන්]] :* [[අබුගිඩා]] :* [[Category:අබුගිඩා ලේඛන භාෂා]] [[Category:Wikipedia]] 5243 2006-04-22T14:51:29Z Sasakthi 84 Hello having trouble getting help requested..first time user.someone plese tell me how to use this service..its very valuable..your help appreciated..can contact me at jqq@godplace.com thanks again Welcome to Sinhala wikipedia. We need to talk to Jimbo about changing the links etc to Sinhala. You need to install Sinhala unicode fonts to view/edit articles in Sinhala. I will do the main page in a couple of days. You can install Sinhala software from the University of Moratuwa link I have provided in the main page or from [[http://www.fonts.lk]]. This could be the start of something great. [[User:Chin|Chin Dayaratne]] 17:26, 9 September 2005 (UTC) {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid #069;margin-bottom:15px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#D0E2EE;" | Welcome to Sinhala Wikipedia! |- | style="border-top:1px solid #069;font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#EAF5FB" | The [[:en:Sinhala|Sinhala]] edition of the [[:en:Wikipedia|Wikipedia]] is at its very beginning. Once the wider Sinhala community learns about the potential of Wikipedia, the [[Sinhala Wikipedia]] will undergo a rapid evolution. |} {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border:none;" | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |To Do |- | style="border-top:1px solid GoldenRod; font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#FFFFEC;"| :* Translate the Interface :* Let others know about the Sinhala Wikipedia :* Write and/or translate guides and help sections :* Write articles :* Help create a basic classification system for the Sinhala Wikipedia http://geography.about.com/library/congress/bllc.htm :* Help create a Feature Article, to be example to others :* Translate this community portal :* Do whatever you think necessary to advance the project |} {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border:none;" | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |Wikipedia Stats |- | :* http://en.wikipedia.org/wikistats/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm |} {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |Wikipedia Community |- | style="border-top:1px solid GoldenRod; font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#FFFFEC;"| :* [[Special:Listusers|Fellow Wikipedians]] |} == Articles to write... Please fill these up == :* [[Buddha]] :* [[Sinhalese]] :* [[Peace]] :* [[Wikipedia]] :* [[ඉන්දු-යුරෝපීය භාෂා]] :* [[ඉන්දු-ඉරානීය භාෂා]] :* [[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය භාෂා]] :* [[ඉන්දියාව]] :* [[පෘතුගාලය]] :* [[ඹ්ලන්දය]] :* [[එන්ගලන්තය]] :* [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 500]] :* [[ක්‍රි.ව. 20වන ‍ශත වර්ශය]] :* [[මහා වංශය]] :* [[බුදු දහම]] :* [[කාලිදාස]] :* [[දෙමළ ඡාතිය]] :* [[කුමාරතුංග මුනිදාස]] :* [[මාටින් වික්‍රමසිංහ]] :* [[බ්‍රාහ්මීය අක්ෂර]] :* [[රොඩී]] :* [[වැද්දන්]] :* [[අබුගිඩා]] :* [[Category:අබුගිඩා ලේඛන භාෂා]] :* [[අක්ෂර ක්‍රමය]] :* [[පරිපාලනය කරනු ලබන්නේ]] [[Category:Wikipedia]] 5255 2006-04-22T15:40:51Z Sasakthi 84 /* Articles to write... Please fill these up */ Hello having trouble getting help requested..first time user.someone plese tell me how to use this service..its very valuable..your help appreciated..can contact me at jqq@godplace.com thanks again Welcome to Sinhala wikipedia. We need to talk to Jimbo about changing the links etc to Sinhala. You need to install Sinhala unicode fonts to view/edit articles in Sinhala. I will do the main page in a couple of days. You can install Sinhala software from the University of Moratuwa link I have provided in the main page or from [[http://www.fonts.lk]]. This could be the start of something great. [[User:Chin|Chin Dayaratne]] 17:26, 9 September 2005 (UTC) {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid #069;margin-bottom:15px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#D0E2EE;" | Welcome to Sinhala Wikipedia! |- | style="border-top:1px solid #069;font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#EAF5FB" | The [[:en:Sinhala|Sinhala]] edition of the [[:en:Wikipedia|Wikipedia]] is at its very beginning. Once the wider Sinhala community learns about the potential of Wikipedia, the [[Sinhala Wikipedia]] will undergo a rapid evolution. |} {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border:none;" | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |To Do |- | style="border-top:1px solid GoldenRod; font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#FFFFEC;"| :* Translate the Interface :* Let others know about the Sinhala Wikipedia :* Write and/or translate guides and help sections :* Write articles :* Help create a basic classification system for the Sinhala Wikipedia http://geography.about.com/library/congress/bllc.htm :* Help create a Feature Article, to be example to others :* Translate this community portal :* Do whatever you think necessary to advance the project |} {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border:none;" | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |Wikipedia Stats |- | :* http://en.wikipedia.org/wikistats/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm |} {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |Wikipedia Community |- | style="border-top:1px solid GoldenRod; font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#FFFFEC;"| :* [[Special:Listusers|Fellow Wikipedians]] |} == Articles to write... Please fill these up and Translate == :* [[Buddha]] :* [[Sinhalese]] :* [[Peace]] :* [[Wikipedia]] :* [[බුදු දහම]] :* [[කිතු දහම]] :* [[ආධ්යාත්මික|ආධ්යාත්මිකයින්]] :* [[ඉන්දු-යුරෝපීය භාෂා]] :* [[ඉන්දු-ඉරානීය භාෂා]] :* [[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය භාෂා]] :* [[ඉන්දියාව]] :* [[පෘතුගාලය]] :* [[ඹ්ලන්දය]] :* [[එන්ගලන්තය]] :* [[මැද පෙරදිග]] :* [[යුරෝපය]] :* [[ගිණිකොණදිග ආසියාව]] :* [[තායිලන්තය]] :* [[ඇමරිකාව]] :* [[කැනඩාව]] :* [[මලයාසියාව]] :* [[සිංගප්පූරුව]] :* [[මාල දිවයින]] :* [[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය ඡනයා]] :* [[දෙමළ ඡාතිය]] :* [[වැද්දන්]] :* [[රොඩී]] :* [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 500]] :* [[ක්‍රි.ව. 20වන ‍ශත වර්ශය]] :* [[මහා වංශය]] :* [[කාලිදාස]] :* [[කුමාරතුංග මුනිදාස]] :* [[මාටින් වික්‍රමසිංහ]] :* [[බ්‍රාහ්මීය අක්ෂර]] :* [[අබුගිඩා]] :* [[Category:අබුගිඩා ලේඛන භාෂා]] :* [[අක්ෂර ක්‍රමය]] :* [[පරිපාලනය කරනු ලබන්නේ]] [[Category:Wikipedia]] 5256 2006-04-22T15:42:32Z Sasakthi 84 /* Articles to write... Please fill these up and Translate */ Hello having trouble getting help requested..first time user.someone plese tell me how to use this service..its very valuable..your help appreciated..can contact me at jqq@godplace.com thanks again Welcome to Sinhala wikipedia. We need to talk to Jimbo about changing the links etc to Sinhala. You need to install Sinhala unicode fonts to view/edit articles in Sinhala. I will do the main page in a couple of days. You can install Sinhala software from the University of Moratuwa link I have provided in the main page or from [[http://www.fonts.lk]]. This could be the start of something great. [[User:Chin|Chin Dayaratne]] 17:26, 9 September 2005 (UTC) {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid #069;margin-bottom:15px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#D0E2EE;" | Welcome to Sinhala Wikipedia! |- | style="border-top:1px solid #069;font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#EAF5FB" | The [[:en:Sinhala|Sinhala]] edition of the [[:en:Wikipedia|Wikipedia]] is at its very beginning. Once the wider Sinhala community learns about the potential of Wikipedia, the [[Sinhala Wikipedia]] will undergo a rapid evolution. |} {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border:none;" | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |To Do |- | style="border-top:1px solid GoldenRod; font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#FFFFEC;"| :* Translate the Interface :* Let others know about the Sinhala Wikipedia :* Write and/or translate guides and help sections :* Write articles :* Help create a basic classification system for the Sinhala Wikipedia http://geography.about.com/library/congress/bllc.htm :* Help create a Feature Article, to be example to others :* Translate this community portal :* Do whatever you think necessary to advance the project |} {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border:none;" | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |Wikipedia Stats |- | :* http://en.wikipedia.org/wikistats/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm |} {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |Wikipedia Community |- | style="border-top:1px solid GoldenRod; font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#FFFFEC;"| :* [[Special:Listusers|Fellow Wikipedians]] |} == Articles to write... Please fill these up and Translate == You can find the english article on en.wikipedia.org, and then copy it over, and translate it. :* [[Buddha]] :* [[Sinhalese]] :* [[Peace]] :* [[Wikipedia]] :* [[බුදු දහම]] :* [[කිතු දහම]] :* [[ආධ්යාත්මික|ආධ්යාත්මිකයින්]] :* [[ඉන්දු-යුරෝපීය භාෂා]] :* [[ඉන්දු-ඉරානීය භාෂා]] :* [[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය භාෂා]] :* [[අබුගිඩා]] :* [[අක්ෂර ක්‍රමය]] :* [[බ්‍රාහ්මීය අක්ෂර]] :* [[Category:අබුගිඩා ලේඛන භාෂා]] :* [[ඉන්දියාව]] :* [[පෘතුගාලය]] :* [[ඹ්ලන්දය]] :* [[එන්ගලන්තය]] :* [[මැද පෙරදිග]] :* [[යුරෝපය]] :* [[ගිණිකොණදිග ආසියාව]] :* [[තායිලන්තය]] :* [[ඇමරිකාව]] :* [[කැනඩාව]] :* [[මලයාසියාව]] :* [[සිංගප්පූරුව]] :* [[මාල දිවයින]] :* [[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය ඡනයා]] :* [[දෙමළ ඡාතිය]] :* [[වැද්දන්]] :* [[රොඩී]] :* [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 500]] :* [[ක්‍රි.ව. 20වන ‍ශත වර්ශය]] :* [[මහා වංශය]] :* [[කාලිදාස]] :* [[කුමාරතුංග මුනිදාස]] :* [[මාටින් වික්‍රමසිංහ]] :* [[පරිපාලනය කරනු ලබන්නේ]] [[Category:Wikipedia]] 5259 2006-04-23T16:07:36Z Sasakthi 84 Adding missing articles Hello having trouble getting help requested..first time user.someone plese tell me how to use this service..its very valuable..your help appreciated..can contact me at jqq@godplace.com thanks again Welcome to Sinhala wikipedia. We need to talk to Jimbo about changing the links etc to Sinhala. You need to install Sinhala unicode fonts to view/edit articles in Sinhala. I will do the main page in a couple of days. You can install Sinhala software from the University of Moratuwa link I have provided in the main page or from [[http://www.fonts.lk]]. This could be the start of something great. [[User:Chin|Chin Dayaratne]] 17:26, 9 September 2005 (UTC) {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid #069;margin-bottom:15px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#D0E2EE;" | Welcome to Sinhala Wikipedia! |- | style="border-top:1px solid #069;font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#EAF5FB" | The [[:en:Sinhala|Sinhala]] edition of the [[:en:Wikipedia|Wikipedia]] is at its very beginning. Once the wider Sinhala community learns about the potential of Wikipedia, the [[Sinhala Wikipedia]] will undergo a rapid evolution. |} {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border:none;" | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |To Do |- | style="border-top:1px solid GoldenRod; font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#FFFFEC;"| :* Translate the Interface :* Let others know about the Sinhala Wikipedia :* Write and/or translate guides and help sections :* Write articles :* Help create a basic classification system for the Sinhala Wikipedia http://geography.about.com/library/congress/bllc.htm :* Help create a Feature Article, to be example to others :* Translate this community portal :* Do whatever you think necessary to advance the project |} {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border:none;" | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |Wikipedia Stats |- | :* http://en.wikipedia.org/wikistats/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm |} {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |Wikipedia Community |- | style="border-top:1px solid GoldenRod; font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#FFFFEC;"| :* [[Special:Listusers|Fellow Wikipedians]] |} == Articles to write... Please fill these up and Translate == You can find the english article on en.wikipedia.org, and then copy it over, and translate it. :* [[Buddha]] :* [[Sinhalese]] :* [[Peace]] :* [[Wikipedia]] :* [[බුදු දහම]] :* [[කිතු දහම]] :* [[ආධ්යාත්මික|ආධ්යාත්මිකයින්]] :* [[ඉන්දු-යුරෝපීය භාෂා]] :* [[ඉන්දු-ඉරානීය භාෂා]] :* [[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය භාෂා]] :* [[අබුගිඩා]] :* [[අක්ෂර ක්‍රමය]] :* [[බ්‍රාහ්මීය අක්ෂර]] :* [[සංස්කෘත]] :* [[Category:අබුගිඩා ලේඛන භාෂා]] :* [[ඉන්දියාව]] :* [[පෘතුගාලය]] :* [[ඹ්ලන්දය]] :* [[එන්ගලන්තය]] :* [[මැද පෙරදිග]] :* [[යුරෝපය]] :* [[ගිණිකොණදිග ආසියාව]] :* [[තායිලන්තය]] :* [[ඇමරිකාව]] :* [[කැනඩාව]] :* [[මලයාසියාව]] :* [[සිංගප්පූරුව]] :* [[මාල දිවයින]] :* [[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය ඡනයා]] :* [[දෙමළ ඡාතිය]] :* [[වැද්දන්]] :* [[රොඩී]] :* [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 500]] :* [[ක්‍රි.ව. 20වන ‍ශත වර්ශය]] :* [[මහා වංශය]] :* [[රාමායනය]] :* [[කාලිදාස]] :* [[කුමාරතුංග මුනිදාස]] :* [[මාටින් වික්‍රමසිංහ]] :* [[පරිපාලනය කරනු ලබන්නේ]] [[Category:Wikipedia]] 5260 2006-04-23T16:08:22Z Sasakthi 84 Adding signature so people can contact me if needed Hello having trouble getting help requested..first time user.someone plese tell me how to use this service..its very valuable..your help appreciated..can contact me at jqq@godplace.com thanks again Welcome to Sinhala wikipedia. We need to talk to Jimbo about changing the links etc to Sinhala. You need to install Sinhala unicode fonts to view/edit articles in Sinhala. I will do the main page in a couple of days. You can install Sinhala software from the University of Moratuwa link I have provided in the main page or from [[http://www.fonts.lk]]. This could be the start of something great. [[User:Chin|Chin Dayaratne]] 17:26, 9 September 2005 (UTC) {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid #069;margin-bottom:15px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#D0E2EE;" | Welcome to Sinhala Wikipedia! |- | style="border-top:1px solid #069;font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#EAF5FB" | The [[:en:Sinhala|Sinhala]] edition of the [[:en:Wikipedia|Wikipedia]] is at its very beginning. Once the wider Sinhala community learns about the potential of Wikipedia, the [[Sinhala Wikipedia]] will undergo a rapid evolution. |} {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border:none;" | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |To Do |- | style="border-top:1px solid GoldenRod; font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#FFFFEC;"| :* Translate the Interface :* Let others know about the Sinhala Wikipedia :* Write and/or translate guides and help sections :* Write articles :* Help create a basic classification system for the Sinhala Wikipedia http://geography.about.com/library/congress/bllc.htm :* Help create a Feature Article, to be example to others :* Translate this community portal :* Do whatever you think necessary to advance the project |} {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border:none;" | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |Wikipedia Stats |- | :* http://en.wikipedia.org/wikistats/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm |} {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |Wikipedia Community |- | style="border-top:1px solid GoldenRod; font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#FFFFEC;"| :* [[Special:Listusers|Fellow Wikipedians]] |} == Articles to write... Please fill these up and Translate == You can find the english article on en.wikipedia.org, and then copy it over, and translate it. :* [[Buddha]] :* [[Sinhalese]] :* [[Peace]] :* [[Wikipedia]] :* [[බුදු දහම]] :* [[කිතු දහම]] :* [[ආධ්යාත්මික|ආධ්යාත්මිකයින්]] :* [[ඉන්දු-යුරෝපීය භාෂා]] :* [[ඉන්දු-ඉරානීය භාෂා]] :* [[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය භාෂා]] :* [[අබුගිඩා]] :* [[අක්ෂර ක්‍රමය]] :* [[බ්‍රාහ්මීය අක්ෂර]] :* [[සංස්කෘත]] :* [[Category:අබුගිඩා ලේඛන භාෂා]] :* [[ඉන්දියාව]] :* [[පෘතුගාලය]] :* [[ඹ්ලන්දය]] :* [[එන්ගලන්තය]] :* [[මැද පෙරදිග]] :* [[යුරෝපය]] :* [[ගිණිකොණදිග ආසියාව]] :* [[තායිලන්තය]] :* [[ඇමරිකාව]] :* [[කැනඩාව]] :* [[මලයාසියාව]] :* [[සිංගප්පූරුව]] :* [[මාල දිවයින]] :* [[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය ඡනයා]] :* [[දෙමළ ඡාතිය]] :* [[වැද්දන්]] :* [[රොඩී]] :* [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 500]] :* [[ක්‍රි.ව. 20වන ‍ශත වර්ශය]] :* [[මහා වංශය]] :* [[රාමායනය]] :* [[කාලිදාස]] :* [[කුමාරතුංග මුනිදාස]] :* [[මාටින් වික්‍රමසිංහ]] :* [[පරිපාලනය කරනු ලබන්නේ]] [[Category:Wikipedia]] --[[User:Sasakthi|Sasakthi]] 16:08, 23 April 2006 (UTC) 5263 2006-04-24T06:59:14Z Sasakthi 84 /* Articles to write... Please fill these up and Translate */ Hello having trouble getting help requested..first time user.someone plese tell me how to use this service..its very valuable..your help appreciated..can contact me at jqq@godplace.com thanks again Welcome to Sinhala wikipedia. We need to talk to Jimbo about changing the links etc to Sinhala. You need to install Sinhala unicode fonts to view/edit articles in Sinhala. I will do the main page in a couple of days. You can install Sinhala software from the University of Moratuwa link I have provided in the main page or from [[http://www.fonts.lk]]. This could be the start of something great. [[User:Chin|Chin Dayaratne]] 17:26, 9 September 2005 (UTC) {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid #069;margin-bottom:15px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#D0E2EE;" | Welcome to Sinhala Wikipedia! |- | style="border-top:1px solid #069;font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#EAF5FB" | The [[:en:Sinhala|Sinhala]] edition of the [[:en:Wikipedia|Wikipedia]] is at its very beginning. Once the wider Sinhala community learns about the potential of Wikipedia, the [[Sinhala Wikipedia]] will undergo a rapid evolution. |} {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border:none;" | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |To Do |- | style="border-top:1px solid GoldenRod; font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#FFFFEC;"| :* Translate the Interface :* Let others know about the Sinhala Wikipedia :* Write and/or translate guides and help sections :* Write articles :* Help create a basic classification system for the Sinhala Wikipedia http://geography.about.com/library/congress/bllc.htm :* Help create a Feature Article, to be example to others :* Translate this community portal :* Do whatever you think necessary to advance the project |} {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border:none;" | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |Wikipedia Stats |- | :* http://en.wikipedia.org/wikistats/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm |} {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |Wikipedia Community |- | style="border-top:1px solid GoldenRod; font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#FFFFEC;"| :* [[Special:Listusers|Fellow Wikipedians]] |} == Articles to write... Please fill these up and Translate == You can find the english article on en.wikipedia.org, and then copy it over, and translate it. :* [[Buddha]] :* [[Sinhalese]] :* [[Peace]] :* [[Wikipedia]] :* [[බුදු දහම]] :* [[කිතු දහම]] :* [[ආධ්යාත්මික|ආධ්යාත්මිකයින්]] :* [[ඉන්දු-යුරෝපීය භාෂා]] :* [[ඉන්දු-ඉරානීය භාෂා]] :* [[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය භාෂා]] :* [[අබුගිඩා]] :* [[අක්ෂර ක්‍රමය]] :* [[බ්‍රාහ්මීය අක්ෂර]] :* [[සංස්කෘත]] :* [[Category:අබුගිඩා ලේඛන භාෂා]] :* [[ඉන්දියාව]] :* [[පෘතුගාලය]] :* [[ඹ්ලන්දය]] :* [[එන්ගලන්තය]] :* [[මැද පෙරදිග]] :* [[යුරෝපය]] :* [[ගිණිකොණදිග ආසියාව]] :* [[තායිලන්තය]] :* [[ඇමරිකාව]] :* [[කැනඩාව]] :* [[මලයාසියාව]] :* [[සිංගප්පූරුව]] :* [[මාල දිවයින]] :* [[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය ඡනයා]] :* [[දෙමළ ඡාතිය]] :* [[වැද්දන්]] :* [[රොඩී]] :* [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 500]] :* [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 4වන ශතවර්ශය|]] :* [[ක්‍රි.ව. 20වන ‍ශත වර්ශය]] :* [[අනුරාධපුර රාජධානිය]] :* [[පොලොන්නරු රාජධානිය]] :* [[විජය කුමරු]] :* [[අශෝක අධිරාජයා]] :* [[මිහිඳු තෙරනුවන්]] :* [[ධම්මකිත්ථි තෙරනුවන්]] :* [[මහා වංශය]] :* [[චූලවංශය]] :* [[රාමායනය]] :* [[කාලිදාස]] :* [[කුමාරතුංග මුනිදාස]] :* [[මාටින් වික්‍රමසිංහ]] :* [[පරිපාලනය කරනු ලබන්නේ]] [[Category:Wikipedia]] --[[User:Sasakthi|Sasakthi]] 16:08, 23 April 2006 (UTC) 5264 2006-04-24T06:59:35Z Sasakthi 84 /* Articles to write... Please fill these up and Translate */ Hello having trouble getting help requested..first time user.someone plese tell me how to use this service..its very valuable..your help appreciated..can contact me at jqq@godplace.com thanks again Welcome to Sinhala wikipedia. We need to talk to Jimbo about changing the links etc to Sinhala. You need to install Sinhala unicode fonts to view/edit articles in Sinhala. I will do the main page in a couple of days. You can install Sinhala software from the University of Moratuwa link I have provided in the main page or from [[http://www.fonts.lk]]. This could be the start of something great. [[User:Chin|Chin Dayaratne]] 17:26, 9 September 2005 (UTC) {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid #069;margin-bottom:15px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#D0E2EE;" | Welcome to Sinhala Wikipedia! |- | style="border-top:1px solid #069;font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#EAF5FB" | The [[:en:Sinhala|Sinhala]] edition of the [[:en:Wikipedia|Wikipedia]] is at its very beginning. Once the wider Sinhala community learns about the potential of Wikipedia, the [[Sinhala Wikipedia]] will undergo a rapid evolution. |} {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border:none;" | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |To Do |- | style="border-top:1px solid GoldenRod; font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#FFFFEC;"| :* Translate the Interface :* Let others know about the Sinhala Wikipedia :* Write and/or translate guides and help sections :* Write articles :* Help create a basic classification system for the Sinhala Wikipedia http://geography.about.com/library/congress/bllc.htm :* Help create a Feature Article, to be example to others :* Translate this community portal :* Do whatever you think necessary to advance the project |} {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border:none;" | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |Wikipedia Stats |- | :* http://en.wikipedia.org/wikistats/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm |} {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |Wikipedia Community |- | style="border-top:1px solid GoldenRod; font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#FFFFEC;"| :* [[Special:Listusers|Fellow Wikipedians]] |} == Articles to write... Please fill these up and Translate == You can find the english article on en.wikipedia.org, and then copy it over, and translate it. :* [[Buddha]] :* [[Sinhalese]] :* [[Peace]] :* [[Wikipedia]] :* [[බුදු දහම]] :* [[කිතු දහම]] :* [[ආධ්යාත්මික|ආධ්යාත්මිකයින්]] :* [[ඉන්දු-යුරෝපීය භාෂා]] :* [[ඉන්දු-ඉරානීය භාෂා]] :* [[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය භාෂා]] :* [[අබුගිඩා]] :* [[අක්ෂර ක්‍රමය]] :* [[බ්‍රාහ්මීය අක්ෂර]] :* [[සංස්කෘත]] :* [[Category:අබුගිඩා ලේඛන භාෂා]] :* [[ඉන්දියාව]] :* [[පෘතුගාලය]] :* [[ඹ්ලන්දය]] :* [[එන්ගලන්තය]] :* [[මැද පෙරදිග]] :* [[යුරෝපය]] :* [[ගිණිකොණදිග ආසියාව]] :* [[තායිලන්තය]] :* [[ඇමරිකාව]] :* [[කැනඩාව]] :* [[මලයාසියාව]] :* [[සිංගප්පූරුව]] :* [[මාල දිවයින]] :* [[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය ඡනයා]] :* [[දෙමළ ඡාතිය]] :* [[වැද්දන්]] :* [[රොඩී]] :* [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 500]] :* [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 4වන ශතවර්ශය]] :* [[ක්‍රි.ව. 20වන ‍ශත වර්ශය]] :* [[අනුරාධපුර රාජධානිය]] :* [[පොලොන්නරු රාජධානිය]] :* [[විජය කුමරු]] :* [[අශෝක අධිරාජයා]] :* [[මිහිඳු තෙරනුවන්]] :* [[ධම්මකිත්ථි තෙරනුවන්]] :* [[මහා වංශය]] :* [[චූලවංශය]] :* [[රාමායනය]] :* [[කාලිදාස]] :* [[කුමාරතුංග මුනිදාස]] :* [[මාටින් වික්‍රමසිංහ]] :* [[පරිපාලනය කරනු ලබන්නේ]] [[Category:Wikipedia]] --[[User:Sasakthi|Sasakthi]] 16:08, 23 April 2006 (UTC) 5304 2006-04-30T07:27:15Z Lee 85 චූලවංශය -> චූල වංශය Hello having trouble getting help requested..first time user.someone plese tell me how to use this service..its very valuable..your help appreciated..can contact me at jqq@godplace.com thanks again Welcome to Sinhala wikipedia. We need to talk to Jimbo about changing the links etc to Sinhala. You need to install Sinhala unicode fonts to view/edit articles in Sinhala. I will do the main page in a couple of days. You can install Sinhala software from the University of Moratuwa link I have provided in the main page or from [[http://www.fonts.lk]]. This could be the start of something great. [[User:Chin|Chin Dayaratne]] 17:26, 9 September 2005 (UTC) {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid #069;margin-bottom:15px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#D0E2EE;" | Welcome to Sinhala Wikipedia! |- | style="border-top:1px solid #069;font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#EAF5FB" | The [[:en:Sinhala|Sinhala]] edition of the [[:en:Wikipedia|Wikipedia]] is at its very beginning. Once the wider Sinhala community learns about the potential of Wikipedia, the [[Sinhala Wikipedia]] will undergo a rapid evolution. |} {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border:none;" | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |To Do |- | style="border-top:1px solid GoldenRod; font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#FFFFEC;"| :* Translate the Interface :* Let others know about the Sinhala Wikipedia :* Write and/or translate guides and help sections :* Write articles :* Help create a basic classification system for the Sinhala Wikipedia http://geography.about.com/library/congress/bllc.htm :* Help create a Feature Article, to be example to others :* Translate this community portal :* Do whatever you think necessary to advance the project |} {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border:none;" | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |Wikipedia Stats |- | :* http://en.wikipedia.org/wikistats/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm |} {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |Wikipedia Community |- | style="border-top:1px solid GoldenRod; font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#FFFFEC;"| :* [[Special:Listusers|Fellow Wikipedians]] |} == Articles to write... Please fill these up and Translate == You can find the english article on en.wikipedia.org, and then copy it over, and translate it. :* [[Buddha]] :* [[Sinhalese]] :* [[Peace]] :* [[Wikipedia]] :* [[බුදු දහම]] :* [[කිතු දහම]] :* [[ආධ්යාත්මික|ආධ්යාත්මිකයින්]] :* [[ඉන්දු-යුරෝපීය භාෂා]] :* [[ඉන්දු-ඉරානීය භාෂා]] :* [[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය භාෂා]] :* [[අබුගිඩා]] :* [[අක්ෂර ක්‍රමය]] :* [[බ්‍රාහ්මීය අක්ෂර]] :* [[සංස්කෘත]] :* [[Category:අබුගිඩා ලේඛන භාෂා]] :* [[ඉන්දියාව]] :* [[පෘතුගාලය]] :* [[ඹ්ලන්දය]] :* [[එන්ගලන්තය]] :* [[මැද පෙරදිග]] :* [[යුරෝපය]] :* [[ගිණිකොණදිග ආසියාව]] :* [[තායිලන්තය]] :* [[ඇමරිකාව]] :* [[කැනඩාව]] :* [[මලයාසියාව]] :* [[සිංගප්පූරුව]] :* [[මාල දිවයින]] :* [[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය ඡනයා]] :* [[දෙමළ ඡාතිය]] :* [[වැද්දන්]] :* [[රොඩී]] :* [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 500]] :* [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 4වන ශතවර්ශය]] :* [[ක්‍රි.ව. 20වන ‍ශත වර්ශය]] :* [[අනුරාධපුර රාජධානිය]] :* [[පොලොන්නරු රාජධානිය]] :* [[විජය කුමරු]] :* [[අශෝක අධිරාජයා]] :* [[මිහිඳු තෙරනුවන්]] :* [[ධම්මකිත්ථි තෙරනුවන්]] :* [[මහා වංශය]] :* [[චූල වංශය]] :* [[රාමායනය]] :* [[කාලිදාස]] :* [[කුමාරතුංග මුනිදාස]] :* [[මාටින් වික්‍රමසිංහ]] :* [[පරිපාලනය කරනු ලබන්නේ]] [[Category:Wikipedia]] --[[User:Sasakthi|Sasakthi]] 16:08, 23 April 2006 (UTC) 5359 2006-05-08T13:15:24Z Lee 85 Hello having trouble getting help requested..first time user.someone plese tell me how to use this service..its very valuable..your help appreciated..can contact me at jqq@godplace.com thanks again Welcome to Sinhala wikipedia. We need to talk to Jimbo about changing the links etc to Sinhala. You need to install Sinhala unicode fonts to view/edit articles in Sinhala. I will do the main page in a couple of days. You can install Sinhala software from the University of Moratuwa link I have provided in the main page or from [[http://www.fonts.lk]]. This could be the start of something great. [[User:Chin|Chin Dayaratne]] 17:26, 9 September 2005 (UTC) {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid #069;margin-bottom:15px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#D0E2EE;" | Welcome to Sinhala Wikipedia! |- | style="border-top:1px solid #069;font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#EAF5FB" | The [[:en:Sinhala|Sinhala]] edition of the [[:en:Wikipedia|Wikipedia]] is at its very beginning. Once the wider Sinhala community learns about the potential of Wikipedia, the [[Sinhala Wikipedia]] will undergo a rapid evolution. |} {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border:none;" | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |To Do |- | style="border-top:1px solid GoldenRod; font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#FFFFEC;"| :* Translate the Interface :* Let others know about the Sinhala Wikipedia :* Write and/or translate guides and help sections :* Write articles :* Help create a basic classification system for the Sinhala Wikipedia http://geography.about.com/library/congress/bllc.htm :* Help create a Feature Article, to be example to others :* Translate this community portal :* Do whatever you think necessary to advance the project |} {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border:none;" | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |Wikipedia Stats |- | :* http://en.wikipedia.org/wikistats/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm |} {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |Wikipedia Community |- | style="border-top:1px solid GoldenRod; font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#FFFFEC;"| :* [[Special:Listusers|Fellow Wikipedians]] |} == Articles to write... Please fill these up and Translate == You can find the english article on en.wikipedia.org, and then copy it over, and translate it. :* [[Buddha]] :* [[Sinhalese]] :* [[Peace]] :* [[Wikipedia]] :* [[බුදු දහම]] :* [[කිතු දහම]] :* [[ආධ්යාත්මික|ආධ්යාත්මිකයින්]] :* [[ඉන්දු-යුරෝපීය භාෂා]] :* [[ඉන්දු-ඉරානීය භාෂා]] :* [[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය භාෂා]] :* [[අබුගිඩා]] :* [[අක්ෂර ක්‍රමය]] :* [[බ්‍රාහ්මීය අක්ෂර]] :* [[සංස්කෘත]] :* [[Category:අබුගිඩා ලේඛන භාෂා]] :* [[ඉන්දියාව]] :* [[පෘතුගාලය]] :* [[ඹ්ලන්දය]] :* [[එන්ගලන්තය]] :* [[මැද පෙරදිග]] :* [[යුරෝපය]] :* [[ගිණිකොණදිග ආසියාව]] :* [[තායිලන්තය]] :* [[ඇමරිකාව]] :* [[කැනඩාව]] :* [[මලයාසියාව]] :* [[සිංගප්පූරුව]] :* [[මාල දිවයින]] :* [[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය ඡනයා]] :* [[දෙමළ ඡාතිය]] :* [[වැද්දන්]] :* [[රොඩී]] :* [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 500]] :* [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 4වන ශතවර්ශය]] :* [[ක්‍රි.ව. 20වන ‍ශත වර්ශය]] :* [[අනුරාධපුර රාජධානිය]] :* [[පොලොන්නරු රාජධානිය]] :* [[විජය කුමරු]] :* [[අශෝක අධිරාජයා]] :* [[මිහිඳු තෙරනුවන්]] :* [[ධම්මකිත්ථි තෙරනුවන්]] :* [[මහාවංශය]] :* [[චූලවංශය]] :* [[රාමායනය]] :* [[කාලිදාස]] :* [[කුමාරතුංග මුනිදාස]] :* [[මාටින් වික්‍රමසිංහ]] :* [[පරිපාලනය කරනු ලබන්නේ]] [[Category:Wikipedia]] --[[User:Sasakthi|Sasakthi]] 16:08, 23 April 2006 (UTC) 5403 2006-05-21T09:35:04Z Lee 85 /* Articles to write... Please fill these up and Translate */ Hello having trouble getting help requested..first time user.someone plese tell me how to use this service..its very valuable..your help appreciated..can contact me at jqq@godplace.com thanks again Welcome to Sinhala wikipedia. We need to talk to Jimbo about changing the links etc to Sinhala. You need to install Sinhala unicode fonts to view/edit articles in Sinhala. I will do the main page in a couple of days. You can install Sinhala software from the University of Moratuwa link I have provided in the main page or from [[http://www.fonts.lk]]. This could be the start of something great. [[User:Chin|Chin Dayaratne]] 17:26, 9 September 2005 (UTC) {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid #069;margin-bottom:15px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#D0E2EE;" | Welcome to Sinhala Wikipedia! |- | style="border-top:1px solid #069;font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#EAF5FB" | The [[:en:Sinhala|Sinhala]] edition of the [[:en:Wikipedia|Wikipedia]] is at its very beginning. Once the wider Sinhala community learns about the potential of Wikipedia, the [[Sinhala Wikipedia]] will undergo a rapid evolution. |} {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border:none;" | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |To Do |- | style="border-top:1px solid GoldenRod; font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#FFFFEC;"| :* Translate the Interface :* Let others know about the Sinhala Wikipedia :* Write and/or translate guides and help sections :* Write articles :* Help create a basic classification system for the Sinhala Wikipedia http://geography.about.com/library/congress/bllc.htm :* Help create a Feature Article, to be example to others :* Translate this community portal :* Do whatever you think necessary to advance the project |} {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border:none;" | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |Wikipedia Stats |- | :* http://en.wikipedia.org/wikistats/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm |} {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |Wikipedia Community |- | style="border-top:1px solid GoldenRod; font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#FFFFEC;"| :* [[Special:Listusers|Fellow Wikipedians]] |} == Articles to write... Please fill these up and Translate == You can find the english article on en.wikipedia.org, and then copy it over, and translate it. :* [[Buddha]] :* [[Sinhalese]] :* [[Peace]] :* [[Wikipedia]] :* [[බුදු දහම]] :* [[කිතු දහම]] :* [[ආධ්යාත්මික|ආධ්යාත්මිකයින්]] :* [[ඉන්දු-යුරෝපීය භාෂා]] :* [[ඉන්දු-ඉරානීය භාෂා]] :* [[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය භාෂා]] :* [[අබුගිඩා]] :* [[අක්ෂර ක්‍රමය]] :* [[බ්‍රාහ්මීය අක්ෂර]] :* [[සංස්කෘත]] :* [[Category:අබුගිඩා ලේඛන භාෂා]] :* [[ඉන්දියාව]] :* [[පෘතුගාලය]] :* [[ඹ්ලන්දය]] :* [[එන්ගලන්තය]] :* [[මැද පෙරදිග]] :* [[යුරෝපය]] :* [[ගිණිකොණදිග ආසියාව]] :* [[තායිලන්තය]] :* [[ඇමරිකාව]] :* [[කැනඩාව]] :* [[මලයාසියාව]] :* [[සිංගප්පූරුව]] :* [[මාල දිවයින]] :* [[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය ඡනයා]] :* [[දෙමළ ඡාතිය]] :* [[වැද්දන්]] :* [[රොඩී]] :* [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 500]] :* [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 4වන ශතවර්ශය]] :* [[ක්‍රි.ව. 20වන ‍ශත වර්ශය]] :* [[අනුරාධපුර රාජධානිය]] :* [[පොලොන්නරු රාජධානිය]] :* [[විජය කුමරු]] :* [[අශෝක අධිරාජයා]] :* [[මිහිඳු තෙරනුවන්]] :* [[ධම්මකිත්ථි තෙරනුවන්]] :* [[දීපවංශය]] :* [[මහාවංශය]] :* [[චූලවංශය]] :* [[රාමායනය]] :* [[කාලිදාස]] :* [[කුමාරතුංග මුනිදාස]] :* [[මාටින් වික්‍රමසිංහ]] :* [[පරිපාලනය කරනු ලබන්නේ]] [[Category:Wikipedia]] --[[User:Sasakthi|Sasakthi]] 16:08, 23 April 2006 (UTC) 5449 2006-05-31T05:08:36Z 70.52.220.174 Hello having trouble getting help requested..first time user.someone plese tell me how to use this service..its very valuable..your help appreciated..can contact me at jqq@godplace.com thanks again Welcome to Sinhala wikipedia. We need to talk to Jimbo about changing the links etc to Sinhala. You need to install Sinhala unicode fonts to view/edit articles in Sinhala. I will do the main page in a couple of days. You can install Sinhala software from the University of Moratuwa link I have provided in the main page or from [[http://www.fonts.lk]]. This could be the start of something great. [[User:Chin|Chin Dayaratne]] 17:26, 9 September 2005 (UTC) {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid #069;margin-bottom:15px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#D0E2EE;" | Welcome to Sinhala Wikipedia! |- | style="border-top:1px solid #069;font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#EAF5FB" | The [[:en:Sinhala|Sinhala]] edition of the [[:en:Wikipedia|Wikipedia]] is at its very beginning. Once the wider Sinhala community learns about the potential of Wikipedia, the [[Sinhala Wikipedia]] will undergo a rapid evolution. |} {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border:none;" | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |To Do |- | style="border-top:1px solid GoldenRod; font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#FFFFEC;"| :* Translate the Interface :* Let others know about the Sinhala Wikipedia :* Write and/or translate guides and help sections :* Write articles :* Help create a basic classification system for the Sinhala Wikipedia http://geography.about.com/library/congress/bllc.htm :* Help create a Feature Article, to be example to others :* Translate this community portal :* Do whatever you think necessary to advance the project |} {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border:none;" | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |Wikipedia Stats |- | :* http://en.wikipedia.org/wikistats/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm :* http://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesWikipediaSI.htm |} {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |Wikipedia Community |- | style="border-top:1px solid GoldenRod; font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#FFFFEC;"| :* [[Special:Listusers|Fellow Wikipedians]] |} == Articles to write... Please fill these up and Translate == You can find the english article on en.wikipedia.org, and then copy it over, and translate it. :* [[Buddha]] :* [[Sinhalese]] :* [[Peace]] :* [[Wikipedia]] :* [[බුදු දහම]] :* [[කිතු දහම]] :* [[ආධ්යාත්මික|ආධ්යාත්මිකයින්]] :* [[ඉන්දු-යුරෝපීය භාෂා]] :* [[ඉන්දු-ඉරානීය භාෂා]] :* [[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය භාෂා]] :* [[අබුගිඩා]] :* [[අක්ෂර ක්‍රමය]] :* [[බ්‍රාහ්මීය අක්ෂර]] :* [[සංස්කෘත]] :* [[Category:අබුගිඩා ලේඛන භාෂා]] :* [[ඉන්දියාව]] :* [[පෘතුගාලය]] :* [[ඹ්ලන්දය]] :* [[එන්ගලන්තය]] :* [[මැද පෙරදිග]] :* [[යුරෝපය]] :* [[ගිණිකොණදිග ආසියාව]] :* [[තායිලන්තය]] :* [[ඇමරිකාව]] :* [[කැනඩාව]] :* [[මලයාසියාව]] :* [[සිංගප්පූරුව]] :* [[මාල දිවයින]] :* [[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය ඡනයා]] :* [[දෙමළ ඡාතිය]] :* [[වැද්දන්]] :* [[රොඩී]] :* [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 500]] :* [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 4වන ශතවර්ශය]] :* [[ක්‍රි.ව. 20වන ‍ශත වර්ශය]] :* [[අනුරාධපුර රාජධානිය]] :* [[පොලොන්නරු රාජධානිය]] :* [[විජය කුමරු]] :* [[අශෝක අධිරාජයා]] :* [[මිහිඳු තෙරනුවන්]] :* [[ධම්මකිත්ථි තෙරනුවන්]] :* [[දීපවංශය]] :* [[මහාවංශය]] :* [[චූලවංශය]] :* [[රාමායනය]] :* [[කාලිදාස]] :* [[කුමාරතුංග මුනිදාස]] :* [[මාටින් වික්‍රමසිංහ]] :* [[පරිපාලනය කරනු ලබන්නේ]] [[Category:Wikipedia]] --[[User:Sasakthi|Sasakthi]] 16:08, 23 April 2006 (UTC) Wikipedia:Searching 1080 3646 2005-03-02T09:06:57Z 212.103.155.34 bla bla wiki wiki riki tiki Wikipedia talk:Peskovnik 1081 1635 2005-03-18T03:26:56Z 4.27.215.251 What the... ? What is this page? I just noticed a link to it in the sidebar of the [[:en:Wikipedia:Sandbox|English Wikipedia Sandbox]], but it was represented in the link as a bunch of squares. Is this a new language addition to Wikipedia? —[[:en:User:JarlaxleArtemis|JarlaxleArtemis]] 1636 2005-03-19T17:37:50Z 217.93.4.60 reply to JarlaxleArtemis What is this page? I just noticed a link to it in the sidebar of the [[:en:Wikipedia:Sandbox|English Wikipedia Sandbox]], but it was represented in the link as a bunch of squares. Is this a new language addition to Wikipedia? —[[:en:User:JarlaxleArtemis|JarlaxleArtemis]] :This is the Sinhalese Wikipedia. If you see strange characters, you may be missing the correct fonts. See the [[Main Page]] for details on where to get them. I'm guessing [[Wikipedia:Peskovnik]] is the sandbox, but I wouldn't know for sure. [[User:217.93.4.60|217.93.4.60]] 17:37, 19 Mar 2005 (UTC) 1637 2005-03-19T17:38:27Z Angela 3 fix sig What is this page? I just noticed a link to it in the sidebar of the [[:en:Wikipedia:Sandbox|English Wikipedia Sandbox]], but it was represented in the link as a bunch of squares. Is this a new language addition to Wikipedia? —[[:en:User:JarlaxleArtemis|JarlaxleArtemis]] :This is the Sinhalese Wikipedia. If you see strange characters, you may be missing the correct fonts. See the [[Main Page]] for details on where to get them. I'm guessing [[Wikipedia:Peskovnik]] is the sandbox, but I wouldn't know for sure. [[User:Angela|Angela]] 17:38, 19 Mar 2005 (UTC) 3647 2005-03-20T01:35:52Z 24.251.243.233 What is this page? I just noticed a link to it in the sidebar of the [[:en:Wikipedia:Sandbox|English Wikipedia Sandbox]], but it was represented in the link as a bunch of squares. Is this a new language addition to Wikipedia? —[[:en:User:JarlaxleArtemis|JarlaxleArtemis]] :This is the Sinhalese Wikipedia. If you see strange characters, you may be missing the correct fonts. See the [[Main Page]] for details on where to get them. I'm guessing [[Wikipedia:Peskovnik]] is the sandbox, but I wouldn't know for sure. [[User:Angela|Angela]] 17:38, 19 Mar 2005 (UTC) ::Hi Angela and JarlaxleArtemis, this page was actually created seemingly for the sole purpose of vandalism and/or expirimentation, but the title of the page is not Sinhalese but rather Serbian (which doesn't belong at this Wikipedia - sr: is the Serbian Wikipedia). It should probably be deleted, and it should probably not be interwikied from en.sandbox. --Node 4865 2006-02-18T19:11:03Z 24.216.64.183 What is this page? I just noticed a link to it in the sidebar of the [[:en:Wikipedia:Sandbox|English Wikipedia Sandbox]], but it was represented in the link as a bunch of squares. Is this a new language addition to Wikipedia? —[[:en:User:JarlaxleArtemis|JarlaxleArtemis]] :This is the Sinhalese Wikipedia. If you see strange characters, you may be missing the correct fonts. See the [[Main Page]] for details on where to get them. I'm guessing [[Wikipedia:Peskovnik]] is the sandbox, but I wouldn't know for sure. [[User:Angela|Angela]] 17:38, 19 Mar 2005 (UTC) ::Hi Angela and JarlaxleArtemis, this page was actually created seemingly for the sole purpose of vandalism and/or expirimentation, but the title of the page is not Sinhalese but rather Serbian (which doesn't belong at this Wikipedia - sr: is the Serbian Wikipedia). It should probably be deleted, and it should probably not be interwikied from en.sandbox. --Node == [[Image:Headline text]][[Media:<math>Example.ogg</math><nowiki>--~~~~Insert non-formatted text here--~~~~ ---- '''''Italic text'''[[Link title]]''</nowiki>]] == User:Richie 1082 3648 2005-04-04T15:03:23Z Richie 12 Since March 2005 I'm an administrator on the Commons. If you want to contact me, feel free to leave a message on my [[:commons:User talk:Richie|Commons]], [[:en:User talk:Richie|English]] or [[:de:Benutzer Diskussion:Richie|German]] talk page. I'm studying [[:en:Computer science|Computer Science]] and [[:en:Geology|Geology]] at [[:en:Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge|Gonville and Caius College]], [[:en:University of Cambridge|University of Cambridge]]. My personal website is http://www.whizer.net/. [[User:Richie|Richie]] 15:03, 4 Apr 2005 (UTC) <div style="background-color:#eee; border:1px solid #ccc; text-align:center; padding:3px; margin:15px 0;"> '''My user pages:''' [[:commons:User:Richie|(c)]] | [[:ast:User:Richie|ast]] | [[:ca:Usuari:Richie|ca]] | [[:de:Benutzer:Richie|DE]] | [[:en:User:Richie|EN]] | [[:eo:Vikipediisto:Richie|eo]] | [[:es:Usuario:Richie|es]] | [[:et:Kasutaja:Richie|et]] | [[:fi:Käyttäjä:Richie|fi]] | [[:fr:Utilisateur:RichieFR|fr]] | [[:gl:User:Richie|gl]] | [[:hu:User:RichieHU|hu]] | [[:ia:Usator:Richie|ia]] | [[:it:Utente:Richie|it]] | [[:ja:利用者:Richie|ja]] | [[:nl:Gebruiker:Richie|nl]] | [[:no:Bruker:Richie|no]] | [[:pl:Wikipedysta:Richie|pl]] | [[:pt:Usuário:Richie|pt]] | [[:ro:Utilizator:Richie|ro]] | [[:ru:Участник:Richie|ru]] | [[:sv:Användare:Richie|sv]] | [[:zh-min-nan:User:Richie|zh]] </div> User:RCBot 1083 1641 2005-04-05T10:44:07Z RCBot 13 '''[[:commons:User:RCBot|RCBot]]''' is a bot operated by [[:commons:User:Richie|Richie]] to help with issues related to the [[:commons:|Wikipedia Commons]]. Please comment on his [[:commons:User talk:RCBot|talk page]] there. -- [[User:RCBot|RCBot]] 10:44, 5 Apr 2005 (UTC) 3649 2005-04-16T19:50:15Z RCBot 13 RCBot: Update user page '''[[:commons:User:RCBot|RCBot]]''' is an interlingually operating bot operated by [[:commons:User:Richie|Richie]] to help with issues related to the [[:commons:|Wikimedia Commons]]. As of now, the bot is still in development and testing, so please report all encountered issues and other feedback to its [[:commons:User talk:RCBot|talk page]] on the Commons. Please note that the talk page of this account is '''not read''', use the one on the Commons). -- [[User:RCBot|RCBot]] 19:50, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC) <div style="background-color:#eee; border:1px solid #ccc; text-align:center; padding:3px; margin:15px 0;"> '''[[:commons:User:RCBot|RCBot]]'s user accounts at Wikipedia''' <div style="font-size:80%;"> [[:aa:User:RCBot|aa]] | [[:ab:User:RCBot|ab]] | [[:af:Gebruiker:RCBot|af]] | [[:ak:User:RCBot|ak]] | [[:als:Benutzer:RCBot|als]] | [[:am:User:RCBot|am]] | [[:an:User:RCBot|an]] | [[:ang:User:RCBot|ang]] | [[:ar:مستخدم:RCBot|ar]] | [[:arc:User:RCBot|arc]] | [[:as:User:RCBot|as]] | [[:ast:User:RCBot|ast]] | [[:av:User:RCBot|av]] | [[:ay:User:RCBot|ay]] | [[:az:User:RCBot|az]] | [[:ba:User:RCBot|ba]] | [[:be:Удзельнік:RCBot|be]] | [[:bg:Потребител:RCBot|bg]] | [[:bh:User:RCBot|bh]] | [[:bi:User:RCBot|bi]] | [[:bm:Utilisateur:RCBot|bm]] | [[:bn:ব্যবহারকারী:RCBot|bn]] | [[:bo:User:RCBot|bo]] | [[:br:User:RCBot|br]] | [[:bs:User:RCBot|bs]] | 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MediaWiki:Readonly lag 1095 sysop 3655 2005-06-25T11:23:00Z MediaWiki default The database has been automatically locked while the slave database servers catch up to the master MediaWiki:Rightslogtext 1096 sysop 3656 2005-06-25T11:23:00Z MediaWiki default This is a log of changes to user rights. MediaWiki:Sessionfailure 1097 sysop 3657 2005-06-25T11:23:00Z MediaWiki default There seems to be a problem with your login session; this action has been canceled as a precaution against session hijacking. Please hit "back" and reload the page you came from, then try again. MediaWiki:Sorbs 1098 sysop 3658 2005-06-25T11:23:00Z MediaWiki default SORBS DNSBL MediaWiki:Sorbs create account reason 1099 sysop 3659 2005-06-25T11:23:00Z MediaWiki default Your IP address is listed as an open proxy in the [http://www.sorbs.net SORBS] DNSBL. You cannot create an account MediaWiki:Sorbsreason 1100 sysop 3660 2005-06-25T11:23:00Z MediaWiki default Your IP address is listed as an open proxy in the [http://www.sorbs.net SORBS] DNSBL. MediaWiki:Speciallogtitlelabel 1101 sysop 3661 2005-06-25T11:23:00Z MediaWiki default Title: 4917 2006-02-26T02:05:31Z MediaWiki default Title: MediaWiki:Specialloguserlabel 1102 sysop 3662 2005-06-25T11:23:00Z MediaWiki default User: 4918 2006-02-26T02:05:31Z MediaWiki default User: MediaWiki:Sqlhidden 1103 sysop 3663 2005-06-25T11:23:00Z MediaWiki default (SQL query hidden) MediaWiki:Tog-fancysig 1104 sysop 3664 2005-06-25T11:23:00Z MediaWiki default Raw signatures (without automatic link) MediaWiki:Undo 1105 sysop 3665 2005-06-25T11:23:00Z MediaWiki default undo MediaWiki:Zhconversiontable 1106 sysop 3666 2005-06-25T11:23:00Z MediaWiki default -{}- MediaWiki:Accesskey-diff 1107 sysop 3669 2005-07-03T13:47:10Z MediaWiki default d 4253 2005-08-19T23:37:30Z MediaWiki default v MediaWiki:Addgrouplogentry 1108 sysop 3670 2005-07-03T13:47:10Z MediaWiki default Added group $2 MediaWiki:Allinnamespace 1109 sysop 3671 2005-07-03T13:47:10Z MediaWiki default All pages ($1 namespace) MediaWiki:Allnonarticles 1110 sysop 3672 2005-07-03T13:47:10Z MediaWiki default All non-articles MediaWiki:Allnotinnamespace 1111 sysop 3673 2005-07-03T13:47:10Z MediaWiki default All pages (not in $1 namespace) MediaWiki:Allpagesfrom 1112 sysop 3674 2005-07-03T13:47:10Z MediaWiki default Display pages starting at: MediaWiki:Already bureaucrat 1113 sysop 3675 2005-07-03T13:47:10Z MediaWiki default This user is already a bureaucrat MediaWiki:Already steward 1114 sysop 3676 2005-07-03T13:47:10Z MediaWiki default This user is already a steward MediaWiki:Already sysop 1115 sysop 3677 2005-07-03T13:47:10Z MediaWiki default This user is already an administrator MediaWiki:Badaccess 1116 sysop 3678 2005-07-03T13:47:10Z MediaWiki default Permission error MediaWiki:Badaccesstext 1117 sysop 3679 2005-07-03T13:47:10Z MediaWiki default The action you have requested is limited to users with the "$2" permission assigned. See $1. MediaWiki:Changed 1118 sysop 3683 2005-07-03T13:47:10Z MediaWiki default changed MediaWiki:Changegrouplogentry 1119 sysop 3684 2005-07-03T13:47:10Z MediaWiki default Changed group $2 MediaWiki:Confirmemail 1120 sysop 3685 2005-07-03T13:47:10Z MediaWiki default Confirm E-mail address MediaWiki:Confirmemail body 1121 sysop 3686 2005-07-03T13:47:10Z MediaWiki default Someone, probably you from IP address $1, has registered an account "$2" with this e-mail address on {{SITENAME}}. To confirm that this account really does belong to you and activate e-mail features on {{SITENAME}}, open this link in your browser: $3 If this is *not* you, don't follow the link. This confirmation code will expire at $4. 4180 2005-07-29T11:09:15Z MediaWiki default Someone, probably you from IP address $1, has registered an account "$2" with this e-mail address on {{SITENAME}}. To confirm that this account really does belong to you and activate e-mail features on {{SITENAME}}, open this link in your browser: $3 If this is *not* you, don't follow the link. This confirmation code will expire at $4. 4258 2005-08-19T23:37:30Z MediaWiki default Someone, probably you from IP address $1, has registered an account "$2" with this e-mail address on {{SITENAME}}. To confirm that this account really does belong to you and activate e-mail features on {{SITENAME}}, open this link in your browser: $3 If this is *not* you, don't follow the link. This confirmation code will expire at $4. 4285 2005-09-05T09:54:31Z MediaWiki default Someone, probably you from IP address $1, has registered an account "$2" with this e-mail address on {{SITENAME}}. To confirm that this account really does belong to you and activate e-mail features on {{SITENAME}}, open this link in your browser: $3 If this is *not* you, don't follow the link. This confirmation code will expire at $4. 4512 2005-11-09T23:10:56Z MediaWiki default Someone, probably you from IP address $1, has registered an account "$2" with this e-mail address on {{SITENAME}}. To confirm that this account really does belong to you and activate e-mail features on {{SITENAME}}, open this link in your browser: $3 If this is *not* you, don't follow the link. This confirmation code will expire at $4. 4603 2005-11-29T21:33:21Z MediaWiki default Someone, probably you from IP address $1, has registered an account "$2" with this e-mail address on {{SITENAME}}. To confirm that this account really does belong to you and activate e-mail features on {{SITENAME}}, open this link in your browser: $3 If this is *not* you, don't follow the link. This confirmation code will expire at $4. 4636 2005-12-02T02:44:07Z MediaWiki default Someone, probably you from IP address $1, has registered an account "$2" with this e-mail address on {{SITENAME}}. To confirm that this account really does belong to you and activate e-mail features on {{SITENAME}}, open this link in your browser: $3 If this is *not* you, don't follow the link. This confirmation code will expire at $4. 4684 2005-12-02T04:16:54Z MediaWiki default Someone, probably you from IP address $1, has registered an account "$2" with this e-mail address on {{SITENAME}}. To confirm that this account really does belong to you and activate e-mail features on {{SITENAME}}, open this link in your browser: $3 If this is *not* you, don't follow the link. This confirmation code will expire at $4. MediaWiki:Confirmemail error 1122 sysop 3687 2005-07-03T13:47:10Z MediaWiki default Something went wrong saving your confirmation. MediaWiki:Confirmemail invalid 1123 sysop 3688 2005-07-03T13:47:10Z MediaWiki default Invalid confirmation code. The code may have expired. MediaWiki:Confirmemail loggedin 1124 sysop 3689 2005-07-03T13:47:10Z MediaWiki default Your e-mail address has now been confirmed. MediaWiki:Confirmemail send 1125 sysop 3690 2005-07-03T13:47:10Z MediaWiki default Mail a confirmation code MediaWiki:Confirmemail sendfailed 1126 sysop 3691 2005-07-03T13:47:10Z MediaWiki default Could not send confirmation mail. Check address for invalid characters. MediaWiki:Confirmemail sent 1127 sysop 3692 2005-07-03T13:47:10Z MediaWiki default Confirmation e-mail sent. MediaWiki:Confirmemail subject 1128 sysop 3693 2005-07-03T13:47:10Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} e-mail address confirmation MediaWiki:Confirmemail success 1129 sysop 3694 2005-07-03T13:47:10Z MediaWiki default Your e-mail address has been confirmed. You may now log in and enjoy the wiki. MediaWiki:Confirmemail text 1130 sysop 3695 2005-07-03T13:47:10Z MediaWiki default This wiki requires that you validate your e-mail address before using e-mail features. Activate the button below to send a confirmation mail to your address. The mail will include a link containing a code; load the link in your browser to confirm that your e-mail address is valid. MediaWiki:Contribs-showhideminor 1131 sysop 3698 2005-07-03T13:47:10Z MediaWiki default $1 minor edits MediaWiki:Contributionsall 1132 sysop 3699 2005-07-03T13:47:10Z MediaWiki default all MediaWiki:Createarticle 1133 sysop 3700 2005-07-03T13:47:10Z MediaWiki default Create article MediaWiki:Created 1134 sysop 3701 2005-07-03T13:47:10Z MediaWiki default created MediaWiki:Delete and move 1135 sysop 3702 2005-07-03T13:47:10Z MediaWiki default Delete and move MediaWiki:Delete and move reason 1136 sysop 3703 2005-07-03T13:47:10Z MediaWiki default Deleted to make way for move MediaWiki:Delete and move text 1137 sysop 3704 2005-07-03T13:47:10Z MediaWiki default ==Deletion required== The destination article "[[$1]]" already exists. Do you want to delete it to make way for the move? MediaWiki:Deletedrev 1138 sysop 3706 2005-07-03T13:47:10Z MediaWiki default [deleted] MediaWiki:Destfilename 1139 sysop 3707 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Destination filename MediaWiki:Eauthentsent 1140 sysop 3708 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default A confirmation email has been sent to the nominated email address. Before any other mail is sent to the account, you will have to follow the instructions in the email, to confirm that the account is actually yours. 4640 2005-12-02T02:44:07Z MediaWiki default A confirmation e-mail has been sent to the nominated e-mail address. Before any other mail is sent to the account, you will have to follow the instructions in the e-mail, to confirm that the account is actually yours. MediaWiki:Edit-externally 1141 sysop 3709 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Edit this file using an external application MediaWiki:Edit-externally-help 1142 sysop 3710 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default See the [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:External_editors setup instructions] for more information. MediaWiki:Email 1143 sysop 3712 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Email 4641 2005-12-02T02:44:07Z MediaWiki default E-mail MediaWiki:Emailauthenticated 1144 sysop 3713 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Your email address was authenticated on $1. 4642 2005-12-02T02:44:07Z MediaWiki default Your e-mail address was authenticated on $1. MediaWiki:Emailconfirmlink 1145 sysop 3714 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Confirm your e-mail address MediaWiki:Emailnotauthenticated 1146 sysop 3716 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Your email address is not yet authenticated. No email will be sent for any of the following features. 4644 2005-12-02T02:44:07Z MediaWiki default Your e-mail address is not yet authenticated. No e-mail will be sent for any of the following features. MediaWiki:Enotif body 1147 sysop 3717 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Dear $WATCHINGUSERNAME, the {{SITENAME}} page $PAGETITLE has been $CHANGEDORCREATED on $PAGEEDITDATE by $PAGEEDITOR, see {{SERVER}}{{localurl:$PAGETITLE_RAWURL}} for the current version. $NEWPAGE Editor's summary: $PAGESUMMARY $PAGEMINOREDIT Contact the editor: mail {{SERVER}}{{localurl:Special:Emailuser|target=$PAGEEDITOR_RAWURL}} wiki {{SERVER}}{{localurl:User:$PAGEEDITOR_RAWURL}} There will be no other notifications in case of further changes unless you visit this page. You could also reset the notification flags for all your watched pages on your watchlist. Your friendly {{SITENAME}} notification system -- To change your watchlist settings, visit {{SERVER}}{{localurl:Special:Watchlist|edit=yes}} Feedback and further assistance: {{SERVER}}{{localurl:Help:Contents}} 4186 2005-07-29T11:09:15Z MediaWiki default Dear $WATCHINGUSERNAME, the {{SITENAME}} page $PAGETITLE has been $CHANGEDORCREATED on $PAGEEDITDATE by $PAGEEDITOR, see $PAGETITLE_URL for the current version. $NEWPAGE Editor's summary: $PAGESUMMARY $PAGEMINOREDIT Contact the editor: mail: $PAGEEDITOR_EMAIL wiki: $PAGEEDITOR_WIKI There will be no other notifications in case of further changes unless you visit this page. You could also reset the notification flags for all your watched pages on your watchlist. Your friendly {{SITENAME}} notification system -- To change your watchlist settings, visit {{SERVER}}{{localurl:Special:Watchlist/edit}} Feedback and further assistance: {{SERVER}}{{localurl:Help:Contents}} 5787 2006-07-01T19:07:50Z MediaWiki default Dear $WATCHINGUSERNAME, the {{SITENAME}} page $PAGETITLE has been $CHANGEDORCREATED on $PAGEEDITDATE by $PAGEEDITOR, see $PAGETITLE_URL for the current version. $NEWPAGE Editor's summary: $PAGESUMMARY $PAGEMINOREDIT Contact the editor: mail: $PAGEEDITOR_EMAIL wiki: $PAGEEDITOR_WIKI There will be no other notifications in case of further changes unless you visit this page. You could also reset the notification flags for all your watched pages on your watchlist. Your friendly {{SITENAME}} notification system -- To change your watchlist settings, visit {{fullurl:{{ns:special}}:Watchlist/edit}} Feedback and further assistance: {{fullurl:{{ns:help}}:Contents}} MediaWiki:Enotif lastvisited 1148 sysop 3718 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default See {{SERVER}}{{localurl:$PAGETITLE_RAWURL|diff=0&oldid=$OLDID}} for all changes since your last visit. 4187 2005-07-29T11:09:15Z MediaWiki default See $1 for all changes since your last visit. MediaWiki:Enotif mailer 1149 sysop 3719 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} Notification Mailer MediaWiki:Enotif newpagetext 1150 sysop 3720 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default This is a new page. MediaWiki:Enotif reset 1151 sysop 3721 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Mark all pages visited MediaWiki:Enotif subject 1152 sysop 3722 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} page $PAGETITLE has been $CHANGEDORCREATED by $PAGEEDITOR MediaWiki:Excontentauthor 1153 sysop 3725 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default content was: '$1' (and the only contributor was '$2') MediaWiki:Exif-aperturevalue 1154 sysop 3726 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Aperture MediaWiki:Exif-artist 1155 sysop 3727 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Author MediaWiki:Exif-bitspersample 1156 sysop 3728 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Bits per component MediaWiki:Exif-brightnessvalue 1157 sysop 3729 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Brightness MediaWiki:Exif-cfapattern 1158 sysop 3730 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default CFA pattern MediaWiki:Exif-colorspace 1159 sysop 3731 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Color space MediaWiki:Exif-colorspace-1 1160 sysop 3732 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default sRGB MediaWiki:Exif-colorspace-ffff.h 1161 sysop 3733 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default FFFF.H MediaWiki:Exif-componentsconfiguration 1162 sysop 3734 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Meaning of each component MediaWiki:Exif-componentsconfiguration-0 1163 sysop 3735 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default does not exist MediaWiki:Exif-componentsconfiguration-1 1164 sysop 3736 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Y MediaWiki:Exif-componentsconfiguration-2 1165 sysop 3737 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Cb MediaWiki:Exif-componentsconfiguration-3 1166 sysop 3738 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Cr MediaWiki:Exif-componentsconfiguration-4 1167 sysop 3739 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default R MediaWiki:Exif-componentsconfiguration-5 1168 sysop 3740 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default G MediaWiki:Exif-componentsconfiguration-6 1169 sysop 3741 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default B MediaWiki:Exif-compressedbitsperpixel 1170 sysop 3742 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Image compression mode MediaWiki:Exif-compression 1171 sysop 3743 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Compression scheme MediaWiki:Exif-compression-1 1172 sysop 3744 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Uncompressed MediaWiki:Exif-compression-6 1173 sysop 3745 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default JPEG MediaWiki:Exif-contrast 1174 sysop 3746 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Contrast MediaWiki:Exif-contrast-0 1175 sysop 3747 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Normal MediaWiki:Exif-contrast-1 1176 sysop 3748 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Soft MediaWiki:Exif-contrast-2 1177 sysop 3749 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Hard MediaWiki:Exif-copyright 1178 sysop 3750 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Copyright holder MediaWiki:Exif-customrendered 1179 sysop 3751 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Custom image processing MediaWiki:Exif-customrendered-0 1180 sysop 3752 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Normal process MediaWiki:Exif-customrendered-1 1181 sysop 3753 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Custom process MediaWiki:Exif-datetime 1182 sysop 3754 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default File change date and time MediaWiki:Exif-datetimedigitized 1183 sysop 3755 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Date and time of digitizing MediaWiki:Exif-datetimeoriginal 1184 sysop 3756 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Date and time of data generation MediaWiki:Exif-devicesettingdescription 1185 sysop 3757 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Device settings description MediaWiki:Exif-digitalzoomratio 1186 sysop 3758 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Digital zoom ratio MediaWiki:Exif-exifversion 1187 sysop 3759 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Exif version MediaWiki:Exif-exposurebiasvalue 1188 sysop 3760 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Exposure bias MediaWiki:Exif-exposureindex 1189 sysop 3761 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Exposure index MediaWiki:Exif-exposuremode 1190 sysop 3762 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Exposure mode MediaWiki:Exif-exposuremode-0 1191 sysop 3763 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Auto exposure MediaWiki:Exif-exposuremode-1 1192 sysop 3764 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Manual exposure MediaWiki:Exif-exposuremode-2 1193 sysop 3765 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Auto bracket MediaWiki:Exif-exposureprogram 1194 sysop 3766 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Exposure Program MediaWiki:Exif-exposureprogram-0 1195 sysop 3767 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Not defined MediaWiki:Exif-exposureprogram-1 1196 sysop 3768 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Manual MediaWiki:Exif-exposureprogram-2 1197 sysop 3769 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Normal program MediaWiki:Exif-exposureprogram-3 1198 sysop 3770 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Aperture priority MediaWiki:Exif-exposureprogram-4 1199 sysop 3771 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Shutter priority MediaWiki:Exif-exposureprogram-5 1200 sysop 3772 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Creative program (biased toward depth of field) MediaWiki:Exif-exposureprogram-6 1201 sysop 3773 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Action program (biased toward fast shutter speed) MediaWiki:Exif-exposureprogram-7 1202 sysop 3774 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Portrait mode (for closeup photos with the background out of focus) MediaWiki:Exif-exposureprogram-8 1203 sysop 3775 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Landscape mode (for landscape photos with the background in focus) MediaWiki:Exif-exposuretime 1204 sysop 3776 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Exposure time MediaWiki:Exif-filesource 1205 sysop 3777 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default File source MediaWiki:Exif-filesource-3 1206 sysop 3778 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default DSC MediaWiki:Exif-flash 1207 sysop 3779 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Flash MediaWiki:Exif-flashenergy 1208 sysop 3780 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Flash energy MediaWiki:Exif-flashpixversion 1209 sysop 3781 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Supported Flashpix version MediaWiki:Exif-fnumber 1210 sysop 3782 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default F Number MediaWiki:Exif-focallength 1211 sysop 3783 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Lens focal length MediaWiki:Exif-focallengthin35mmfilm 1212 sysop 3784 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Focal length in 35 mm film MediaWiki:Exif-focalplaneresolutionunit 1213 sysop 3785 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Focal plane resolution unit MediaWiki:Exif-focalplanexresolution 1214 sysop 3786 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Focal plane X resolution MediaWiki:Exif-focalplaneyresolution 1215 sysop 3787 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Focal plane Y resolution MediaWiki:Exif-gaincontrol 1216 sysop 3788 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Scene control MediaWiki:Exif-gaincontrol-0 1217 sysop 3789 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default None MediaWiki:Exif-gaincontrol-1 1218 sysop 3790 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Low gain up MediaWiki:Exif-gaincontrol-2 1219 sysop 3791 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default High gain up MediaWiki:Exif-gaincontrol-3 1220 sysop 3792 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Low gain down MediaWiki:Exif-gaincontrol-4 1221 sysop 3793 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default High gain down MediaWiki:Exif-gpsaltitude 1222 sysop 3794 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Altitude MediaWiki:Exif-gpsaltituderef 1223 sysop 3795 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Altitude reference MediaWiki:Exif-gpsareainformation 1224 sysop 3796 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Name of GPS area MediaWiki:Exif-gpsdatestamp 1225 sysop 3797 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default GPS date MediaWiki:Exif-gpsdestbearing 1226 sysop 3798 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Bearing of destination MediaWiki:Exif-gpsdestbearingref 1227 sysop 3799 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Reference for bearing of destination MediaWiki:Exif-gpsdestdistance 1228 sysop 3800 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Distance to destination MediaWiki:Exif-gpsdestdistanceref 1229 sysop 3801 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Reference for distance to destination MediaWiki:Exif-gpsdestlatitude 1230 sysop 3802 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Latitude destination MediaWiki:Exif-gpsdestlatituderef 1231 sysop 3803 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Reference for latitude of destination MediaWiki:Exif-gpsdestlongitude 1232 sysop 3804 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Longitude of destination MediaWiki:Exif-gpsdestlongituderef 1233 sysop 3805 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Reference for longitude of destination MediaWiki:Exif-gpsdifferential 1234 sysop 3806 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default GPS differential correction MediaWiki:Exif-gpsdirection-m 1235 sysop 3807 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Magnetic direction MediaWiki:Exif-gpsdirection-t 1236 sysop 3808 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default True direction MediaWiki:Exif-gpsdop 1237 sysop 3809 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Measurement precision MediaWiki:Exif-gpsimgdirection 1238 sysop 3810 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Direction of image MediaWiki:Exif-gpsimgdirectionref 1239 sysop 3811 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Reference for direction of image MediaWiki:Exif-gpslatitude 1240 sysop 3812 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Latitude MediaWiki:Exif-gpslatitude-n 1241 sysop 3813 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default North latitude MediaWiki:Exif-gpslatitude-s 1242 sysop 3814 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default South latitude MediaWiki:Exif-gpslatituderef 1243 sysop 3815 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default North or South Latitude MediaWiki:Exif-gpslongitude 1244 sysop 3816 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Longitude MediaWiki:Exif-gpslongitude-e 1245 sysop 3817 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default East longitude MediaWiki:Exif-gpslongitude-w 1246 sysop 3818 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default West longitude MediaWiki:Exif-gpslongituderef 1247 sysop 3819 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default East or West Longitude MediaWiki:Exif-gpsmapdatum 1248 sysop 3820 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Geodetic survey data used MediaWiki:Exif-gpsmeasuremode 1249 sysop 3821 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Measurement mode MediaWiki:Exif-gpsmeasuremode-2 1250 sysop 3822 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default 2-dimensional measurement MediaWiki:Exif-gpsmeasuremode-3 1251 sysop 3823 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default 3-dimensional measurement MediaWiki:Exif-gpsprocessingmethod 1252 sysop 3824 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Name of GPS processing method MediaWiki:Exif-gpssatellites 1253 sysop 3825 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Satellites used for measurement MediaWiki:Exif-gpsspeed 1254 sysop 3826 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Speed of GPS receiver MediaWiki:Exif-gpsspeed-k 1255 sysop 3827 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Kilometres per hour MediaWiki:Exif-gpsspeed-m 1256 sysop 3828 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Miles per hour MediaWiki:Exif-gpsspeed-n 1257 sysop 3829 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Knots MediaWiki:Exif-gpsspeedref 1258 sysop 3830 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Speed unit MediaWiki:Exif-gpsstatus 1259 sysop 3831 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Receiver status MediaWiki:Exif-gpsstatus-a 1260 sysop 3832 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Measurement in progress MediaWiki:Exif-gpsstatus-v 1261 sysop 3833 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Measurement interoperability MediaWiki:Exif-gpstimestamp 1262 sysop 3834 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default GPS time (atomic clock) MediaWiki:Exif-gpstrack 1263 sysop 3835 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Direction of movement MediaWiki:Exif-gpstrackref 1264 sysop 3836 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Reference for direction of movement MediaWiki:Exif-gpsversionid 1265 sysop 3837 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default GPS tag version MediaWiki:Exif-imagedescription 1266 sysop 3838 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Image title MediaWiki:Exif-imagelength 1267 sysop 3839 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Height MediaWiki:Exif-imageuniqueid 1268 sysop 3840 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Unique image ID MediaWiki:Exif-imagewidth 1269 sysop 3841 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Width MediaWiki:Exif-isospeedratings 1270 sysop 3842 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default ISO speed rating MediaWiki:Exif-jpeginterchangeformat 1271 sysop 3843 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Offset to JPEG SOI MediaWiki:Exif-jpeginterchangeformatlength 1272 sysop 3844 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Bytes of JPEG data MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource 1273 sysop 3845 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Light source MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-0 1274 sysop 3846 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Unknown MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-1 1275 sysop 3847 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Daylight MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-10 1276 sysop 3848 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Clody weather 4520 2005-11-09T23:10:57Z MediaWiki default Cloudy weather MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-11 1277 sysop 3849 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Shade MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-12 1278 sysop 3850 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Daylight fluorescent (D 5700 – 7100K) MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-13 1279 sysop 3851 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Day white fluorescent (N 4600 – 5400K) MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-14 1280 sysop 3852 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Cool white fluorescent (W 3900 – 4500K) MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-15 1281 sysop 3853 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default White fluorescent (WW 3200 – 3700K) MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-17 1282 sysop 3854 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Standard light A MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-18 1283 sysop 3855 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Standard light B MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-19 1284 sysop 3856 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Standard light C MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-2 1285 sysop 3857 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Fluorescent MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-20 1286 sysop 3858 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default D55 MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-21 1287 sysop 3859 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default D65 MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-22 1288 sysop 3860 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default D75 MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-23 1289 sysop 3861 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default D50 MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-24 1290 sysop 3862 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default ISO studio tungsten MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-255 1291 sysop 3863 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Other light source MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-3 1292 sysop 3864 2005-07-03T13:47:11Z MediaWiki default Tungsten (incandescent light) MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-4 1293 sysop 3865 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Flash MediaWiki:Exif-lightsource-9 1294 sysop 3866 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Fine weather MediaWiki:Exif-make 1295 sysop 3867 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Camera manufacturer MediaWiki:Exif-make-value 1296 sysop 3868 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default $1 MediaWiki:Exif-makernote 1297 sysop 3869 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Manufacturer notes MediaWiki:Exif-maxaperturevalue 1298 sysop 3870 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Maximum land aperture MediaWiki:Exif-meteringmode 1299 sysop 3871 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Metering mode MediaWiki:Exif-meteringmode-0 1300 sysop 3872 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Unknown MediaWiki:Exif-meteringmode-1 1301 sysop 3873 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Average MediaWiki:Exif-meteringmode-2 1302 sysop 3874 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default CenterWeightedAverage MediaWiki:Exif-meteringmode-255 1303 sysop 3875 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Other MediaWiki:Exif-meteringmode-3 1304 sysop 3876 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Spot MediaWiki:Exif-meteringmode-4 1305 sysop 3877 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default MultiSpot MediaWiki:Exif-meteringmode-5 1306 sysop 3878 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Pattern MediaWiki:Exif-meteringmode-6 1307 sysop 3879 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Partial MediaWiki:Exif-model 1308 sysop 3880 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Camera model MediaWiki:Exif-model-value 1309 sysop 3881 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default $1 MediaWiki:Exif-oecf 1310 sysop 3882 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Optoelectronic conversion factor MediaWiki:Exif-orientation 1311 sysop 3883 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Orientation MediaWiki:Exif-orientation-1 1312 sysop 3884 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Normal MediaWiki:Exif-orientation-2 1313 sysop 3885 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Flipped horizontally MediaWiki:Exif-orientation-3 1314 sysop 3886 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Rotated 180° MediaWiki:Exif-orientation-4 1315 sysop 3887 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Flipped vertically MediaWiki:Exif-orientation-5 1316 sysop 3888 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Rotated 90° CCW and flipped vertically MediaWiki:Exif-orientation-6 1317 sysop 3889 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Roatated 90° CW 4189 2005-07-29T11:09:16Z MediaWiki default Rotated 90° CW MediaWiki:Exif-orientation-7 1318 sysop 3890 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Roateted 90° CW and flipped vertically 4190 2005-07-29T11:09:16Z MediaWiki default Rotated 90° CW and flipped vertically MediaWiki:Exif-orientation-8 1319 sysop 3891 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Rotated 90° CCW MediaWiki:Exif-photometricinterpretation 1320 sysop 3892 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Pixel composition MediaWiki:Exif-photometricinterpretation-1 1321 sysop 3893 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default RGB MediaWiki:Exif-photometricinterpretation-6 1322 sysop 3894 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default YCbCr MediaWiki:Exif-pixelxdimension 1323 sysop 3895 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Valind image height 5788 2006-07-01T19:07:51Z MediaWiki default Valid image height MediaWiki:Exif-pixelydimension 1324 sysop 3896 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Valid image width MediaWiki:Exif-planarconfiguration 1325 sysop 3897 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Data arrangement MediaWiki:Exif-planarconfiguration-1 1326 sysop 3898 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default chunky format MediaWiki:Exif-planarconfiguration-2 1327 sysop 3899 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default planar format MediaWiki:Exif-primarychromaticities 1328 sysop 3900 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Chromaticities of primarities MediaWiki:Exif-referenceblackwhite 1329 sysop 3901 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Pair of black and white reference values MediaWiki:Exif-relatedsoundfile 1330 sysop 3902 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Related audio file MediaWiki:Exif-resolutionunit 1331 sysop 3903 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Unit of X and Y resolution MediaWiki:Exif-resolutionunit-2 1332 sysop 3904 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default inches MediaWiki:Exif-resolutionunit-3 1333 sysop 3905 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default centimetres MediaWiki:Exif-rowsperstrip 1334 sysop 3906 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Number of rows per strip MediaWiki:Exif-samplesperpixel 1335 sysop 3907 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Number of components MediaWiki:Exif-saturation 1336 sysop 3908 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Saturation MediaWiki:Exif-saturation-0 1337 sysop 3909 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Normal MediaWiki:Exif-saturation-1 1338 sysop 3910 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Low saturation MediaWiki:Exif-saturation-2 1339 sysop 3911 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default High saturation MediaWiki:Exif-scenecapturetype 1340 sysop 3912 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Scene capture type MediaWiki:Exif-scenecapturetype-0 1341 sysop 3913 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Standard MediaWiki:Exif-scenecapturetype-1 1342 sysop 3914 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Landscape MediaWiki:Exif-scenecapturetype-2 1343 sysop 3915 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Portrait MediaWiki:Exif-scenecapturetype-3 1344 sysop 3916 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Night scene MediaWiki:Exif-scenetype 1345 sysop 3917 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Scene type MediaWiki:Exif-scenetype-1 1346 sysop 3918 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default A directly photographed image MediaWiki:Exif-sensingmethod 1347 sysop 3919 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Sensing method MediaWiki:Exif-sensingmethod-1 1348 sysop 3920 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Undefined MediaWiki:Exif-sensingmethod-2 1349 sysop 3921 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default One-chip color area sensor MediaWiki:Exif-sensingmethod-3 1350 sysop 3922 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Two-chip color area sensor MediaWiki:Exif-sensingmethod-4 1351 sysop 3923 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Three-chip color area sensor MediaWiki:Exif-sensingmethod-5 1352 sysop 3924 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Color sequential area sensor MediaWiki:Exif-sensingmethod-7 1353 sysop 3925 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Trilinear sensor MediaWiki:Exif-sensingmethod-8 1354 sysop 3926 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Color sequential linear sensor MediaWiki:Exif-sharpness 1355 sysop 3927 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Sharpness MediaWiki:Exif-sharpness-0 1356 sysop 3928 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Normal MediaWiki:Exif-sharpness-1 1357 sysop 3929 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Soft MediaWiki:Exif-sharpness-2 1358 sysop 3930 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Hard MediaWiki:Exif-shutterspeedvalue 1359 sysop 3931 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Shutter speed MediaWiki:Exif-software 1360 sysop 3932 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Software used MediaWiki:Exif-software-value 1361 sysop 3933 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default $1 MediaWiki:Exif-spatialfrequencyresponse 1362 sysop 3934 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Spatial frequency response MediaWiki:Exif-spectralsensitivity 1363 sysop 3935 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Spectral sensitivity MediaWiki:Exif-stripbytecounts 1364 sysop 3936 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Bytes per compressed strip MediaWiki:Exif-stripoffsets 1365 sysop 3937 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Image data location MediaWiki:Exif-subjectarea 1366 sysop 3938 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Subject area MediaWiki:Exif-subjectdistance 1367 sysop 3939 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Subject distance MediaWiki:Exif-subjectdistancerange 1368 sysop 3940 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Subject distance range MediaWiki:Exif-subjectdistancerange-0 1369 sysop 3941 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Unknown MediaWiki:Exif-subjectdistancerange-1 1370 sysop 3942 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Macro MediaWiki:Exif-subjectdistancerange-2 1371 sysop 3943 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Close view MediaWiki:Exif-subjectdistancerange-3 1372 sysop 3944 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Distant view MediaWiki:Exif-subjectlocation 1373 sysop 3945 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Subject location MediaWiki:Exif-subsectime 1374 sysop 3946 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default DateTime subseconds MediaWiki:Exif-subsectimedigitized 1375 sysop 3947 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default DateTimeDigitized subseconds MediaWiki:Exif-subsectimeoriginal 1376 sysop 3948 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default DateTimeOriginal subseconds MediaWiki:Exif-transferfunction 1377 sysop 3949 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Transfer function MediaWiki:Exif-usercomment 1378 sysop 3950 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default User comments MediaWiki:Exif-whitebalance 1379 sysop 3951 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default White Balance MediaWiki:Exif-whitebalance-0 1380 sysop 3952 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Auto white balance MediaWiki:Exif-whitebalance-1 1381 sysop 3953 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Manual white balance MediaWiki:Exif-whitepoint 1382 sysop 3954 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default White point chromaticity MediaWiki:Exif-xresolution 1383 sysop 3955 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Image resolution in width direction 4192 2005-07-29T11:09:16Z MediaWiki default Horizontal resolution MediaWiki:Exif-ycbcrcoefficients 1384 sysop 3956 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Color space transformation matrix coefficients MediaWiki:Exif-ycbcrpositioning 1385 sysop 3957 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Y and C positioning MediaWiki:Exif-ycbcrsubsampling 1386 sysop 3958 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Subsampling ratio of Y to C MediaWiki:Exif-yresolution 1387 sysop 3959 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Image resolution in height direction 4195 2005-07-29T11:09:16Z MediaWiki default Vertical resolution MediaWiki:Externaldberror 1388 sysop 3961 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default There was either an external authentication database error or you are not allowed to update your external account. MediaWiki:Fileinfo 1389 sysop 3962 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default $1KB, MIME type: <code>$2</code> MediaWiki:Files 1390 sysop 3963 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Files MediaWiki:Group-admin-desc 1391 sysop 3966 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Trusted users able to block users and delete articles MediaWiki:Group-admin-name 1392 sysop 3967 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Administrator MediaWiki:Group-anon-desc 1393 sysop 3968 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Anonymous users MediaWiki:Group-anon-name 1394 sysop 3969 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Anonymous MediaWiki:Group-bureaucrat-desc 1395 sysop 3970 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default The bureaucrat group is able to make sysops MediaWiki:Group-bureaucrat-name 1396 sysop 3971 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Bureaucrat MediaWiki:Group-loggedin-desc 1397 sysop 3972 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default General logged in users MediaWiki:Group-loggedin-name 1398 sysop 3973 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default User MediaWiki:Group-steward-desc 1399 sysop 3974 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Full access MediaWiki:Group-steward-name 1400 sysop 3975 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Steward MediaWiki:Grouprightspheading 1401 sysop 3976 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default grouprights level MediaWiki:Groups 1402 sysop 3977 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default User groups MediaWiki:Groups-addgroup 1403 sysop 3978 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Add group MediaWiki:Groups-already-exists 1404 sysop 3979 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default A group of that name already exists MediaWiki:Groups-editgroup 1405 sysop 3980 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Edit group MediaWiki:Groups-editgroup-description 1406 sysop 3981 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Group description (max 255 characters): MediaWiki:Groups-editgroup-name 1407 sysop 3982 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Group name: MediaWiki:Groups-editgroup-preamble 1408 sysop 3983 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default If the name or description starts with a colon, the remainder will be treated as a message name, and hence the text will be localised using the MediaWiki namespace MediaWiki:Groups-existing 1409 sysop 3984 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Existing groups MediaWiki:Groups-group-edit 1410 sysop 3985 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Existing groups: MediaWiki:Groups-lookup-group 1411 sysop 3986 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Manage group rights MediaWiki:Groups-noname 1412 sysop 3987 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Please specify a valid group name MediaWiki:Groups-tableheader 1413 sysop 3988 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default ID || Name || Description || Rights MediaWiki:Histfirst 1414 sysop 3989 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Earliest MediaWiki:Histlast 1415 sysop 3990 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default Latest MediaWiki:Imagelistall 1416 sysop 3993 2005-07-03T13:47:12Z MediaWiki default all MediaWiki:Immobile namespace 1417 sysop 3997 2005-07-03T13:47:13Z MediaWiki default Destination title is of a special type; cannot move pages into that namespace. MediaWiki:Importinterwiki 1418 sysop 3998 2005-07-03T13:47:13Z MediaWiki default Transwiki import MediaWiki:Importnosources 1419 sysop 3999 2005-07-03T13:47:13Z MediaWiki default No transwiki import sources have been defined and direct history uploads are disabled. MediaWiki:Invalidemailaddress 1420 sysop 4000 2005-07-03T13:47:13Z MediaWiki default The email address cannot be accepted as it appears to have an invalid format. Please enter a well-formatted address or empty that field. 4648 2005-12-02T02:44:08Z MediaWiki default The e-mail address cannot be accepted as it appears to have an invalid format. Please enter a well-formatted address or empty that field. MediaWiki:Invert 1421 sysop 4001 2005-07-03T13:47:13Z MediaWiki default Invert selection MediaWiki:Ipadressorusername 1422 sysop 4003 2005-07-03T13:47:13Z MediaWiki default IP Address or username MediaWiki:Ipboptions 1423 sysop 4004 2005-07-03T13:47:13Z MediaWiki default 2 hours,1 day,3 days,1 week,2 weeks,1 month,3 months,6 months,1 year,infinite 4199 2005-07-29T11:09:16Z MediaWiki default 2 hours:2 hours,1 day:1 day,3 days:3 days,1 week:1 week,2 weeks:2 weeks,1 month:1 month,3 months:3 months,6 months:6 months,1 year:1 year,infinite:infinite MediaWiki:Ipbother 1424 sysop 4005 2005-07-03T13:47:13Z MediaWiki default Other time MediaWiki:Ipbotheroption 1425 sysop 4006 2005-07-03T13:47:13Z MediaWiki default other MediaWiki:Mediawarning 1426 sysop 4017 2005-07-03T13:47:13Z MediaWiki default '''Warning''': This file may contain malicious code, by executing it your system may be compromised. <hr> 5834 2006-07-01T19:07:51Z MediaWiki default '''Warning''': This file may contain malicious code, by executing it your system may be compromised.<hr /> MediaWiki:Metadata 1427 sysop 4018 2005-07-03T13:47:13Z MediaWiki default Metadata MediaWiki:Metadata page 1428 sysop 4019 2005-07-03T13:47:13Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia:Metadata MediaWiki:Movelogpage 1429 sysop 4022 2005-07-03T13:47:13Z MediaWiki default Move log MediaWiki:Movelogpagetext 1430 sysop 4023 2005-07-03T13:47:13Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of page moved. MediaWiki:Movereason 1431 sysop 4026 2005-07-03T13:47:13Z MediaWiki default Reason MediaWiki:Namespace 1432 sysop 4027 2005-07-03T13:47:13Z MediaWiki default Namespace: MediaWiki:Noemailprefs 1433 sysop 4029 2005-07-03T13:47:13Z MediaWiki default No email address has been specified, the following features will not work. 4542 2005-11-09T23:10:58Z MediaWiki default Specify an email address for these features to work. 4654 2005-12-02T02:44:08Z MediaWiki default Specify an e-mail address for these features to work. 5843 2006-07-01T19:07:51Z MediaWiki default Specify an e-mail address for these features to work. MediaWiki:Noimage 1434 sysop 4031 2005-07-03T13:47:13Z MediaWiki default No file by this name exists, you can [$1 upload it] 4299 2005-09-05T09:54:33Z MediaWiki default No file by this name exists, you can $1. MediaWiki:Number of watching users RCview 1435 sysop 4035 2005-07-03T13:47:13Z MediaWiki default [$1] MediaWiki:Number of watching users pageview 1436 sysop 4036 2005-07-03T13:47:13Z MediaWiki default [$1 watching user/s] MediaWiki:Passwordtooshort 1437 sysop 4037 2005-07-03T13:47:13Z MediaWiki default Your password is too short. It must have at least $1 characters. MediaWiki:Prefs-help-email 1438 sysop 4038 2005-07-03T13:47:13Z MediaWiki default ² Email (optional): Enables others to contact you through your user or user_talk page without the need of revealing your identity. 4209 2005-07-29T11:09:17Z MediaWiki default * Email (optional): Enables others to contact you through your user or user_talk page without the need of revealing your identity. 4658 2005-12-02T02:44:09Z MediaWiki default * E-mail (optional): Enables others to contact you through your user or user_talk page without the need of revealing your identity. 5854 2006-07-01T19:07:51Z MediaWiki default * E-mail (optional): Enables others to contact you through your user or user_talk page without needing to reveal your identity. MediaWiki:Prefs-help-email-enotif 1439 sysop 4039 2005-07-03T13:47:13Z MediaWiki default This address is also used to send you email notifications if you enabled the options. 4659 2005-12-02T02:44:09Z MediaWiki default This address is also used to send you e-mail notifications if you enabled the options. MediaWiki:Prefs-help-realname 1440 sysop 4040 2005-07-03T13:47:13Z MediaWiki default ¹ Real name (optional): if you choose to provide it this will be used for giving you attribution for your work. 4210 2005-07-29T11:09:17Z MediaWiki default * Real name (optional): if you choose to provide it this will be used for giving you attribution for your work. MediaWiki:Print 1441 sysop 4045 2005-07-03T13:47:14Z MediaWiki default Print MediaWiki:Recentchangesall 1442 sysop 4051 2005-07-03T13:47:14Z MediaWiki default all MediaWiki:Renamegrouplogentry 1443 sysop 4053 2005-07-03T13:47:14Z MediaWiki default Renamed group $2 to $3 MediaWiki:Restrictedpheading 1444 sysop 4055 2005-07-03T13:47:14Z MediaWiki default Restricted special pages MediaWiki:Revertmove 1445 sysop 4058 2005-07-03T13:47:14Z MediaWiki default revert MediaWiki:Scarytranscludedisabled 1446 sysop 4060 2005-07-03T13:47:14Z MediaWiki default [Interwiki transcluding is disabled] MediaWiki:Scarytranscludefailed 1447 sysop 4061 2005-07-03T13:47:14Z MediaWiki default [Template fetch failed; sorry] 4216 2005-07-29T11:09:18Z MediaWiki default [Template fetch failed for $1; sorry] MediaWiki:Scarytranscludetoolong 1448 sysop 4062 2005-07-03T13:47:14Z MediaWiki default [URL is too long; sorry] MediaWiki:Searchfulltext 1449 sysop 4064 2005-07-03T13:47:14Z MediaWiki default Search full text MediaWiki:Selfmove 1450 sysop 4066 2005-07-03T13:47:14Z MediaWiki default Source and destination titles are the same; can't move a page over itself. MediaWiki:Setstewardflag 1451 sysop 4068 2005-07-03T13:47:14Z MediaWiki default Set steward flag MediaWiki:Shareduploadwiki 1452 sysop 4070 2005-07-03T13:47:14Z MediaWiki default Please see the [$1 file description page] for further information. 4309 2005-09-05T09:54:33Z MediaWiki default Please see the $1 for further information. MediaWiki:Showdiff 1453 sysop 4071 2005-07-03T13:47:14Z MediaWiki default Show changes MediaWiki:Sidebar 1454 sysop 4073 2005-07-03T13:47:14Z MediaWiki default * navigation ** mainpage|mainpage ** portal-url|portal ** currentevents-url|currentevents ** recentchanges-url|recentchanges ** randompage-url|randompage ** helppage|help ** sitesupport-url|sitesupport 4218 2005-07-29T11:09:18Z MediaWiki default * navigation ** mainpage|mainpage ** portal-url|portal ** currentevents-url|currentevents ** recentchanges-url|recentchanges ** randompage-url|randompage ** helppage|help ** sitesupport-url|sitesupport 4273 2005-08-19T23:37:33Z MediaWiki default * navigation ** mainpage|mainpage ** portal-url|portal ** currentevents-url|currentevents ** recentchanges-url|recentchanges ** randompage-url|randompage ** helppage|help ** sitesupport-url|sitesupport 4313 2005-09-05T09:54:33Z MediaWiki default * navigation ** mainpage|mainpage ** portal-url|portal ** currentevents-url|currentevents ** recentchanges-url|recentchanges ** randompage-url|randompage ** helppage|help ** sitesupport-url|sitesupport 4555 2005-11-09T23:10:59Z MediaWiki default * navigation ** mainpage|mainpage ** portal-url|portal ** currentevents-url|currentevents ** recentchanges-url|recentchanges ** randompage-url|randompage ** helppage|help ** sitesupport-url|sitesupport 4617 2005-11-29T21:33:24Z MediaWiki default * navigation ** mainpage|mainpage ** portal-url|portal ** currentevents-url|currentevents ** recentchanges-url|recentchanges ** randompage-url|randompage ** helppage|help ** sitesupport-url|sitesupport 4660 2005-12-02T02:44:09Z MediaWiki default * navigation ** mainpage|mainpage ** portal-url|portal ** currentevents-url|currentevents ** recentchanges-url|recentchanges ** randompage-url|randompage ** helppage|help ** sitesupport-url|sitesupport 4690 2005-12-02T04:16:56Z MediaWiki default * navigation ** mainpage|mainpage ** portal-url|portal ** currentevents-url|currentevents ** recentchanges-url|recentchanges ** randompage-url|randompage ** helppage|help ** sitesupport-url|sitesupport MediaWiki:Sourcefilename 1455 sysop 4075 2005-07-03T13:47:14Z MediaWiki default Source filename MediaWiki:Thumbsize 1456 sysop 4077 2005-07-03T13:47:14Z MediaWiki default Thumbnail size : 4274 2005-08-19T23:37:33Z MediaWiki default Thumbnail size: 4314 2005-09-05T09:54:34Z MediaWiki default Thumbnail size: 4557 2005-11-09T23:10:59Z MediaWiki default Thumbnail size: 4618 2005-11-29T21:33:24Z MediaWiki default Thumbnail size: 4662 2005-12-02T02:44:09Z MediaWiki default Thumbnail size: 4691 2005-12-02T04:16:56Z MediaWiki default Thumbnail size: 4745 2005-12-22T07:39:47Z MediaWiki default Thumbnail size: 4804 2006-01-01T14:33:46Z MediaWiki default Thumbnail size: MediaWiki:Tog-enotifminoredits 1457 sysop 4080 2005-07-03T13:47:14Z MediaWiki default Send me an email also for minor edits of pages 4558 2005-11-09T23:10:59Z MediaWiki default Email me also for minor edits of pages 4663 2005-12-02T02:44:09Z MediaWiki default E-mail me also for minor edits of pages MediaWiki:Tog-enotifrevealaddr 1458 sysop 4081 2005-07-03T13:47:14Z MediaWiki default Reveal my email address in notification mails 4664 2005-12-02T02:44:09Z MediaWiki default Reveal my e-mail address in notification mails MediaWiki:Tog-enotifusertalkpages 1459 sysop 4082 2005-07-03T13:47:14Z MediaWiki default Send me an email when my user talk page is changed 4559 2005-11-09T23:10:59Z MediaWiki default Email me when my user talk page is changed 4665 2005-12-02T02:44:09Z MediaWiki default E-mail me when my user talk page is changed MediaWiki:Tog-enotifwatchlistpages 1460 sysop 4083 2005-07-03T13:47:14Z MediaWiki default Send me an email on page changes 4560 2005-11-09T23:10:59Z MediaWiki default Email me on page changes 4666 2005-12-02T02:44:09Z MediaWiki default E-mail me on page changes 5889 2006-07-01T19:07:52Z MediaWiki default E-mail me when a page I'm watching is changed MediaWiki:Tog-externaldiff 1461 sysop 4084 2005-07-03T13:47:14Z MediaWiki default Use external diff by default MediaWiki:Tog-externaleditor 1462 sysop 4085 2005-07-03T13:47:14Z MediaWiki default Use external editor by default MediaWiki:Tog-shownumberswatching 1463 sysop 4088 2005-07-03T13:47:14Z MediaWiki default Show the number of watching users MediaWiki:Tooltip-diff 1464 sysop 4091 2005-07-03T13:47:14Z MediaWiki default Show which changes you made to the text. [alt-d] 5893 2006-07-01T19:07:52Z MediaWiki default Show which changes you made to the text. [alt-v] MediaWiki:Tryexact 1465 sysop 4092 2005-07-03T13:47:14Z MediaWiki default Try exact match MediaWiki:Undelete short1 1466 sysop 4093 2005-07-03T13:47:14Z MediaWiki default Undelete one edit MediaWiki:Upload directory read only 1467 sysop 4097 2005-07-03T13:47:14Z MediaWiki default The upload directory ($1) is not writable by the webserver. MediaWiki:Uploadnewversion 1468 sysop 4099 2005-07-03T13:47:14Z MediaWiki default [$1 Upload a new version of this file] MediaWiki:Uploadscripted 1469 sysop 4101 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default This file contains HTML or script code that my be erroneously be interpreted by a web browser. 5015 2006-03-28T06:33:46Z MediaWiki default This file contains HTML or script code that may be erroneously be interpreted by a web browser. MediaWiki:Uploadvirus 1470 sysop 4103 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default The file contains a virus! Details: $1 MediaWiki:Userrights 1471 sysop 4104 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default User rights management MediaWiki:Userrights-editusergroup 1472 sysop 4105 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default Edit user groups MediaWiki:Userrights-groupsavailable 1473 sysop 4106 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default Available groups: MediaWiki:Userrights-groupshelp 1474 sysop 4107 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default Select groups you want the user to be removed from or added to. Unselected groups will not be changed. You can deselect a group with CTRL + Left Click MediaWiki:Userrights-groupsmember 1475 sysop 4108 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default Member of: MediaWiki:Userrights-logcomment 1476 sysop 4109 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default Changed group membership from $1 to $2 MediaWiki:Userrights-lookup-user 1477 sysop 4110 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default Manage user groups MediaWiki:Userrights-user-editname 1478 sysop 4111 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default Enter a username: 4241 2005-07-29T11:09:19Z MediaWiki default Enter a username: 4280 2005-08-19T23:37:33Z MediaWiki default Enter a username: 4323 2005-09-05T09:54:34Z MediaWiki default Enter a username: 4571 2005-11-09T23:10:59Z MediaWiki default Enter a username: 4625 2005-11-29T21:33:25Z MediaWiki default Enter a username: 4675 2005-12-02T02:44:10Z MediaWiki default Enter a username: 4698 2005-12-02T04:16:57Z MediaWiki default Enter a username: 4750 2005-12-22T07:39:47Z MediaWiki default Enter a username: 4807 2006-01-01T14:33:47Z MediaWiki default Enter a username: MediaWiki:Val add 1479 sysop 4113 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default Add MediaWiki:Val del 1480 sysop 4115 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default Delete MediaWiki:Val details th 1481 sysop 4116 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default User \ Topic MediaWiki:Val details th user 1482 sysop 4117 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default User $1 MediaWiki:Val iamsure 1483 sysop 4119 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default Check this box if you really mean it! MediaWiki:Val list header 1484 sysop 4120 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default <th>#</th><th>Topic</th><th>Range</th><th>Action</th> MediaWiki:Val my stats title 1485 sysop 4121 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default My validation overview MediaWiki:Val no 1486 sysop 4122 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default No MediaWiki:Val of 1487 sysop 4123 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default $1 of $2 MediaWiki:Val rev for 1488 sysop 4124 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default Revisions for $1 MediaWiki:Val rev stats link 1489 sysop 4125 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default See the validation statistics for "$1" <a href="$2">here</a> MediaWiki:Val revision 1490 sysop 4126 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default Revision MediaWiki:Val revision changes ok 1491 sysop 4127 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default Your ratings have been stored! MediaWiki:Val revision number 1492 sysop 4128 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default Revision #$1 MediaWiki:Val revision of 1493 sysop 4129 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default Revision of $1 MediaWiki:Val revision stats link 1494 sysop 4130 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default details MediaWiki:Val show my ratings 1495 sysop 4131 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default Show my validations MediaWiki:Val time 1496 sysop 4132 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default Time MediaWiki:Val topic desc page 1497 sysop 4133 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default Project:Validation topics MediaWiki:Val user stats title 1498 sysop 4134 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default Validation overview of user $1 MediaWiki:Val validation of 1499 sysop 4135 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default Validation of "$1" MediaWiki:Val votepage intro 1500 sysop 4137 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default Change this text <a href="{{SERVER}}{{localurl:MediaWiki:Val_votepage_intro}}">here</a>! MediaWiki:Val warning 1501 sysop 4138 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default Never, ever, change something here without explicit community consensus! MediaWiki:Val yes 1502 sysop 4139 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default Yes MediaWiki:Variantname-is 1503 sysop 4140 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default is MediaWiki:Variantname-iz 1504 sysop 4141 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default iz MediaWiki:Versionrequired 1505 sysop 4142 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default Version $1 of MediaWiki required MediaWiki:Versionrequiredtext 1506 sysop 4143 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default Version $1 of MediaWiki is required to use this page. See [[Special:Version]] MediaWiki:Views 1507 sysop 4144 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default Views MediaWiki:Watchlistall1 1508 sysop 4147 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default all MediaWiki:Watchlistall2 1509 sysop 4148 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default all MediaWiki:Wlheader-enotif 1510 sysop 4150 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default * Email notification is enabled. 4677 2005-12-02T02:44:10Z MediaWiki default * E-mail notification is enabled. MediaWiki:Wlheader-showupdated 1511 sysop 4151 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default * Pages which have been changed since you last visited them are shown in '''bold''' MediaWiki:Wlhide 1512 sysop 4152 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default Hide MediaWiki:Wlhideshowown 1513 sysop 4153 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default $1 my edits. 5924 2006-07-01T19:07:52Z MediaWiki default $1 my edits MediaWiki:Wlshow 1514 sysop 4154 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default Show MediaWiki:Yourdomainname 1515 sysop 4156 2005-07-03T13:47:15Z MediaWiki default Your domain ශ්‍රී ලංකාව 1516 4166 2005-07-10T14:20:38Z 61.248.143.2 * [[කෙළංඹ]] [[Category:ශ්රී ලංකා]] 4167 2005-07-10T14:21:06Z 61.248.143.2 '''ශ්රී ලංකා ප්රජාතාන්ත්රික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය''' * [[කෙළංඹ]] [[Category:ශ්රී ලංකා]] 4342 2005-09-09T21:08:42Z Chin 20 spelling '''ශ්රී ලංකා ප්රජාතාන්ත්රික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය''' * [[ෙකාළඹ]] [[Category:ශ්රී ලංකා]] 4343 2005-09-09T21:18:32Z Chin 20 ==ශ්රී ලංකා ප්රජාතාන්ත්රික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය== ශ්රී ලංකාව ඉන්දියානු සාගරෙය් අැති දූපතකි. : * [[ෙකාළඹ]] * [[සාමය]] * [[සිංහල]] [[Category:ශ්රී ලංකා]] 4346 2005-09-09T21:41:52Z Chin 20 =Sri Lanka= ==ශ්රී ලංකා ප්රජාතාන්ත්රික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය== ශ්රී ලංකාව ඉන්දියානු සාගරෙය් අැති දූපතකි. එහි නිල නාමය "ශ්රී ලංකා ප්රජාතාන්ත්රික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය" ෙවී. : * [[ෙකාළඹ]] * [[සාමය]] * [[සිංහල]] [[Category:ශ්රී ලංකා]] 4347 2005-09-09T21:58:42Z Chin 20 ==හැඳින්වීම== ශ්රී ලංකාව ඉන්දියානු සාගරෙය් අැති දූපතකි. එහි නිල නාමය '''ශ්රී ලංකා ප්රජාතාන්ත්රික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය''' ෙවී. ==ෙමවාත් බලන්න== : * [[ෙකාළඹ]] * [[සාමය]] * [[සිංහල]] ==ෙවනත් පිටු== : *[http://www.gov.lk ශ්රී ලංකා රජය] *[http://www.lankanews.com ලංකානිවුස්.com] [[Category:ශ්රී ලංකා]] {{stub}} 4350 2005-09-09T22:21:47Z Chin 20 ==හැඳින්වීම== ශ්රී ලංකාව ඉන්දියානු සාගරෙය් අැති දූපතකි. එහි නිල නාමය '''ශ්රී ලංකා ප්රජාතාන්ත්රික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය''' ෙවී. ==ෙමවාත් බලන්න== : * [[ෙකාළඹ]] * [[සාමය]] * [[සිංහල]] ==ෙවනත් පිටු== : *[http://www.gov.lk ශ්රී ලංකා රජය] *[http://www.lankanews.com ලංකානිවුස්.com] [[Category:ශ්රී ලංකා]] {{stub}} 4390 2005-09-12T04:58:40Z 137.132.3.11 /* ෙමවාත් බලන්න */ ==හැඳින්වීම== ශ්රී ලංකාව ඉන්දියානු සාගරෙය් අැති දූපතකි. එහි නිල නාමය '''ශ්රී ලංකා ප්රජාතාන්ත්රික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය''' ෙවී. ==ෙමවාත් බලන්න== * [[:en:Sri Lanka|ඉංගිරිසි පිටුව]] : * [[ෙකාළඹ]] * [[සාමය]] * [[සිංහල]] ==ෙවනත් පිටු== : *[http://www.gov.lk ශ්රී ලංකා රජය] *[http://www.lankanews.com ලංකානිවුස්.com] [[Category:ශ්රී ලංකා]] {{stub}} 4391 2005-09-12T05:03:42Z 137.132.3.11 added the flag ==හැඳින්වීම== [[Image:Sri_lanka_flag_large.png|thumb|200px|right|ශ්රී ලංකා ජාතික ධජය]] ශ්රී ලංකාව ඉන්දියානු සාගරෙය් අැති දූපතකි. එහි නිල නාමය '''ශ්රී ලංකා ප්රජාතාන්ත්රික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය''' ෙවී. ==ෙමවාත් බලන්න== * [[:en:Sri Lanka|ඉංගිරිසි පිටුව]] : * [[ෙකාළඹ]] * [[සාමය]] * [[සිංහල]] ==ෙවනත් පිටු== : *[http://www.gov.lk ශ්රී ලංකා රජය] *[http://www.lankanews.com ලංකානිවුස්.com] [[Category:ශ්රී ලංකා]] {{stub}} 4392 2005-09-12T05:18:17Z Greenleaf 22 changed to අඩවිෙයන් බැහැර පිටු ==හැඳින්වීම== [[Image:Sri_lanka_flag_large.png|thumb|200px|right|ශ්රී ලංකා ජාතික ධජය]] ශ්රී ලංකාව ඉන්දියානු සාගරෙය් අැති දූපතකි. එහි නිල නාමය '''ශ්රී ලංකා ප්රජාතාන්ත්රික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය''' ෙවී. ==ෙමවාත් බලන්න== * [[:en:Sri Lanka|ඉංගිරිසි පිටුව]] : * [[ෙකාළඹ]] * [[සාමය]] * [[සිංහල]] ==අඩවිෙයන් බැහැර පිටු== : *[http://www.gov.lk ශ්රී ලංකා රජය] *[http://www.lankanews.com ලංකානිවුස්.com] [[Category:ශ්රී ලංකා]] {{stub}} 4393 2005-09-12T05:20:24Z Greenleaf 22 ශ්රී ලංකා moved to ශ්රී ලංකාව ==හැඳින්වීම== [[Image:Sri_lanka_flag_large.png|thumb|200px|right|ශ්රී ලංකා ජාතික ධජය]] ශ්රී ලංකාව ඉන්දියානු සාගරෙය් අැති දූපතකි. එහි නිල නාමය '''ශ්රී ලංකා ප්රජාතාන්ත්රික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය''' ෙවී. ==ෙමවාත් බලන්න== * [[:en:Sri Lanka|ඉංගිරිසි පිටුව]] : * [[ෙකාළඹ]] * [[සාමය]] * [[සිංහල]] ==අඩවිෙයන් බැහැර පිටු== : *[http://www.gov.lk ශ්රී ලංකා රජය] *[http://www.lankanews.com ලංකානිවුස්.com] [[Category:ශ්රී ලංකා]] {{stub}} 4401 2005-09-12T15:12:43Z Chin 20 changed ingirisi to ingreesi. other sinhala unicode pages seem to to the same. so i think we should follow that standard ==හැඳින්වීම== [[Image:Sri_lanka_flag_large.png|thumb|200px|right|ශ්රී ලංකා ජාතික ධජය]] ශ්රී ලංකාව ඉන්දියානු සාගරෙය් අැති දූපතකි. එහි නිල නාමය '''ශ්රී ලංකා ප්රජාතාන්ත්රික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය''' ෙවී. ==ෙමවාත් බලන්න== * [[:en:Sri Lanka|ඉංග්රීසි පිටුව]] : * [[ෙකාළඹ]] * [[සාමය]] * [[සිංහල]] ==අඩවිෙයන් බැහැර පිටු== : *[http://www.gov.lk ශ්රී ලංකා රජය] *[http://www.lankanews.com ලංකානිවුස්.com] [[Category:ශ්රී ලංකා]] {{stub}} 4409 2005-09-12T21:55:50Z Chin 20 stub check ==හැඳින්වීම== [[Image:Sri_lanka_flag_large.png|thumb|200px|right|ශ්රී ලංකා ජාතික ධජය]] ශ්රී ලංකාව ඉන්දියානු සාගරෙය් අැති දූපතකි. එහි නිල නාමය '''ශ්රී ලංකා ප්රජාතාන්ත්රික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය''' ෙවී. ==ෙමවාත් බලන්න== * [[:en:Sri Lanka|ඉංග්රීසි පිටුව]] : * [[ෙකාළඹ]] * [[සාමය]] * [[සිංහල]] ==අඩවිෙයන් බැහැර පිටු== : *[http://www.gov.lk ශ්රී ලංකා රජය] *[http://www.lankanews.com ලංකානිවුස්.com] [[Category:ශ්රී ලංකා]] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} 4445 2005-09-18T11:07:29Z 220.247.242.44 ==හැඳින්වීම== [[Image:Sri_lanka_flag_large.png|thumb|200px|right|ශ්රී ලංකා ජාතික ධජය]] සිරි ලංකාව ඉන්දියානු සාගරෙය් අැති දූපතකි. එහි නිල නාමය '''සිරි ලංකා ප්රජාතාන්ත්රික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය''' ‍ෙවී. ==ෙමවාත් බලන්න== * [[:en:Sri Lanka|ඉංග්රීසි පිටුව]] : * [[ෙකාළඹ]] * [[සාමය]] * [[සිංහල]] ==අඩවිෙයන් බැහැර පිටු== : *[http://www.gov.lk සිරි ලංකා රජය] *[http://www.lankanews.com ලංකානිවුස්.com] [[Category:සිරි ලංකා]] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} 4446 2005-09-18T11:09:09Z 220.247.242.44 ==හැඳින්වීම== [[Image:Sri_lanka_flag_large.png|thumb|200px|right|සිරි ලංකා ජාතික ධජය]] සිරි ලංකාව ඉන්දියානු සාගරෙය් අැති දූපතකි. එහි නිල නාමය '''සිරි ලංකා ප්රජාතාන්ත්රික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය''' ‍ෙවී. ==ෙමවාත් බලන්න== * [[:en:Sri Lanka|ඉංග්රීසි පිටුව]] : * [[ෙකාළඹ]] * [[සාමය]] * [[සිංහල]] ==අඩවිෙයන් බැහැර පිටු== : *[http://www.gov.lk සිරි ලංකා රජය] *[http://www.lankanews.com ලංකානිවුස්.com] [[Category:සිරි ලංකා]] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} 4447 2005-09-19T04:51:37Z Greenleaf 22 rv. to last version of chin, that 'shri' was right in spelling although wrong in rendering. ==හැඳින්වීම== [[Image:Sri_lanka_flag_large.png|thumb|200px|right|ශ්රී ලංකා ජාතික ධජය]] ශ්රී ලංකාව ඉන්දියානු සාගරෙය් අැති දූපතකි. එහි නිල නාමය '''ශ්රී ලංකා ප්රජාතාන්ත්රික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය''' ෙවී. ==ෙමවාත් බලන්න== * [[:en:Sri Lanka|ඉංග්රීසි පිටුව]] : * [[ෙකාළඹ]] * [[සාමය]] * [[සිංහල]] ==අඩවිෙයන් බැහැර පිටු== : *[http://www.gov.lk ශ්රී ලංකා රජය] *[http://www.lankanews.com ලංකානිවුස්.com] [[Category:ශ්රී ලංකා]] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} 4454 2005-09-28T04:32:39Z Lanka7 26 /* ෙමවාත් බලන්න */ ==හැඳින්වීම== [[Image:Sri_lanka_flag_large.png|thumb|200px|right|ශ්රී ලංකා ජාතික ධජය]] ශ්රී ලංකාව ඉන්දියානු සාගරෙය් අැති දූපතකි. එහි නිල නාමය '''ශ්රී ලංකා ප්රජාතාන්ත්රික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය''' ෙවී. ==ෙමවාත් බලන්න== * [[:en:Sri Lanka|ඉංග්රීසි පිටුව]] : * [[ෙකාළඹ]] * [[සාමය]] * [[සිංහල]] [http://www.malkoha.com සිංහල සින්දු] ==අඩවිෙයන් බැහැර පිටු== : *[http://www.gov.lk ශ්රී ලංකා රජය] *[http://www.lankanews.com ලංකානිවුස්.com] [[Category:ශ්රී ලංකා]] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} 4455 2005-09-28T04:34:36Z Lanka7 26 /* අඩවිෙයන් බැහැර පිටු */ ==හැඳින්වීම== [[Image:Sri_lanka_flag_large.png|thumb|200px|right|ශ්රී ලංකා ජාතික ධජය]] ශ්රී ලංකාව ඉන්දියානු සාගරෙය් අැති දූපතකි. එහි නිල නාමය '''ශ්රී ලංකා ප්රජාතාන්ත්රික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය''' ෙවී. ==ෙමවාත් බලන්න== * [[:en:Sri Lanka|ඉංග්රීසි පිටුව]] : * [[ෙකාළඹ]] * [[සාමය]] * [[සිංහල]] [http://www.malkoha.com සිංහල සින්දු] ==අඩවිෙයන් බැහැර පිටු== : *[http://www.gov.lk ශ්‍රී ලංකා රජය] *[http://www.lankanews.com ලංකානිවුස්.com] *[http://www.kaputa.com සිංහල වෙබ්] [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා]] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} 4456 2005-09-28T05:05:14Z Lanka7 26 /* හැඳින්වීම */ ==හැඳින්වීම== [[Image:Sri_lanka_flag_large.png|thumb|200px|right|ශ්රී ලංකා ජාතික ධජය]] ඉන්දියන් සාගරයේ මුතු ඇටය නමින් විරුදාවලිය ලත් ශ්‍රී ලංකාව, ආසියා මහද්වීපයට අයත් කුඩා දූපතකී. එහි සම්පූර්ණ ප්‍රමාණය වර්ග සැතපුම් 65610 කි. " ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්තික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය " නමින් එහි නිලනාමය වෙයි. අවුරුදු 2500 කටත් වඩා වැඩි පෞඩ ඉතිහාසයකට උරුමකම් කියන ශ්‍රී ලංකා ඉතිහාසය, ක්‍රි.පූ 6 සියවසේ විජය කුමරුගේ ආගමනයත් සමග ආරම්භ වූ බ්ව් කියැවේ.ප්‍රථම රාජධනිය ලෙස අනුරාධපුරත්, රාජ්‍ය පරපුරේ අවසානය මහනුවර නගරයෙනුත් අවසාන විය. වර්ශ 1948 පසු නිදහස්‌ රාජ්‍යක්‌ බවට පත්වූ ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ අගනගරය වන්නේ කොළඹ නගරයයි. ප්‍රධාන පලාත් 9 කින් සහ දිස්‌තික්‌ක 25 කින්ද සමංවිත වේ. සිංහල, දමිල,මුස්‌ලිම්, බර්ගර් ආදී ජාතින් ජීවත් වන ලක්‌බිමේ ප්‍රධාන ආගම් ලෙස බෞද්ධ , ක්‍රිස්‌තියානි, ඉස්‌ලාම් හා හින්ඳු ආගම් අදහන පිරිසකින් හෙබිය. වර්තමානයේ කෙසේ වුවත් ශ්‍රි ලංකාවේ ප්‍රධාන් උපාය මර්ගය වන්නේ වී ගොවිතෙනයි. ==ෙමවාත් බලන්න== * [[:en:Sri Lanka|ඉංග්රීසි පිටුව]] : * [[ෙකාළඹ]] * [[සාමය]] * [[සිංහල]] [http://www.malkoha.com සිංහල සින්දු] ==අඩවිෙයන් බැහැර පිටු== : *[http://www.gov.lk ශ්‍රී ලංකා රජය] *[http://www.lankanews.com ලංකානිවුස්.com] *[http://www.kaputa.com සිංහල වෙබ්] [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා]] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} 4477 2005-10-25T21:34:12Z 4.17.250.5 /* ෙමවාත් බලන්න */ ==හැඳින්වීම== [[Image:Sri_lanka_flag_large.png|thumb|200px|right|ශ්රී ලංකා ජාතික ධජය]] ඉන්දියන් සාගරයේ මුතු ඇටය නමින් විරුදාවලිය ලත් ශ්‍රී ලංකාව, ආසියා මහද්වීපයට අයත් කුඩා දූපතකී. එහි සම්පූර්ණ ප්‍රමාණය වර්ග සැතපුම් 65610 කි. " ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්තික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය " නමින් එහි නිලනාමය වෙයි. අවුරුදු 2500 කටත් වඩා වැඩි පෞඩ ඉතිහාසයකට උරුමකම් කියන ශ්‍රී ලංකා ඉතිහාසය, ක්‍රි.පූ 6 සියවසේ විජය කුමරුගේ ආගමනයත් සමග ආරම්භ වූ බ්ව් කියැවේ.ප්‍රථම රාජධනිය ලෙස අනුරාධපුරත්, රාජ්‍ය පරපුරේ අවසානය මහනුවර නගරයෙනුත් අවසාන විය. වර්ශ 1948 පසු නිදහස්‌ රාජ්‍යක්‌ බවට පත්වූ ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ අගනගරය වන්නේ කොළඹ නගරයයි. ප්‍රධාන පලාත් 9 කින් සහ දිස්‌තික්‌ක 25 කින්ද සමංවිත වේ. සිංහල, දමිල,මුස්‌ලිම්, බර්ගර් ආදී ජාතින් ජීවත් වන ලක්‌බිමේ ප්‍රධාන ආගම් ලෙස බෞද්ධ , ක්‍රිස්‌තියානි, ඉස්‌ලාම් හා හින්ඳු ආගම් අදහන පිරිසකින් හෙබිය. වර්තමානයේ කෙසේ වුවත් ශ්‍රි ලංකාවේ ප්‍රධාන් උපාය මර්ගය වන්නේ වී ගොවිතෙනයි. ==ෙමවාත් බලන්න== * [[:en:Sri Lanka|ඉංග්රීසි පිටුව]] : * [[ෙකාළඹ]] * [[සාමය]] * [[සිංහල]] ==අඩවිෙයන් බැහැර පිටු== : *[http://www.gov.lk ශ්‍රී ලංකා රජය] *[http://www.lankanews.com ලංකානිවුස්.com] *[http://www.kaputa.com සිංහල වෙබ්] [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා]] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} 4478 2005-10-25T21:35:22Z 4.17.250.5 /* අඩවිෙයන් බැහැර පිටු */ ==හැඳින්වීම== [[Image:Sri_lanka_flag_large.png|thumb|200px|right|ශ්රී ලංකා ජාතික ධජය]] ඉන්දියන් සාගරයේ මුතු ඇටය නමින් විරුදාවලිය ලත් ශ්‍රී ලංකාව, ආසියා මහද්වීපයට අයත් කුඩා දූපතකී. එහි සම්පූර්ණ ප්‍රමාණය වර්ග සැතපුම් 65610 කි. " ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්තික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය " නමින් එහි නිලනාමය වෙයි. අවුරුදු 2500 කටත් වඩා වැඩි පෞඩ ඉතිහාසයකට උරුමකම් කියන ශ්‍රී ලංකා ඉතිහාසය, ක්‍රි.පූ 6 සියවසේ විජය කුමරුගේ ආගමනයත් සමග ආරම්භ වූ බ්ව් කියැවේ.ප්‍රථම රාජධනිය ලෙස අනුරාධපුරත්, රාජ්‍ය පරපුරේ අවසානය මහනුවර නගරයෙනුත් අවසාන විය. වර්ශ 1948 පසු නිදහස්‌ රාජ්‍යක්‌ බවට පත්වූ ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ අගනගරය වන්නේ කොළඹ නගරයයි. ප්‍රධාන පලාත් 9 කින් සහ දිස්‌තික්‌ක 25 කින්ද සමංවිත වේ. සිංහල, දමිල,මුස්‌ලිම්, බර්ගර් ආදී ජාතින් ජීවත් වන ලක්‌බිමේ ප්‍රධාන ආගම් ලෙස බෞද්ධ , ක්‍රිස්‌තියානි, ඉස්‌ලාම් හා හින්ඳු ආගම් අදහන පිරිසකින් හෙබිය. වර්තමානයේ කෙසේ වුවත් ශ්‍රි ලංකාවේ ප්‍රධාන් උපාය මර්ගය වන්නේ වී ගොවිතෙනයි. ==ෙමවාත් බලන්න== * [[:en:Sri Lanka|ඉංග්රීසි පිටුව]] : * [[ෙකාළඹ]] * [[සාමය]] * [[සිංහල]] ==අඩවිෙයන් බැහැර පිටු== : *[http://www.gov.lk ශ්‍රී ලංකා රජය] *[http://www.divaina.com දිවයින] *[http://www.lankanews.com ලංකානිවුස්.com] *[http://www.kaputa.com සිංහල වෙබ්] *[http://www.malkoha.com සිංහල සින්දු] [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා]] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} 4479 2005-10-26T02:22:25Z 68.77.140.247 /* අඩවිෙයන් බැහැර පිටු */ ==හැඳින්වීම== [[Image:Sri_lanka_flag_large.png|thumb|200px|right|ශ්රී ලංකා ජාතික ධජය]] ඉන්දියන් සාගරයේ මුතු ඇටය නමින් විරුදාවලිය ලත් ශ්‍රී ලංකාව, ආසියා මහද්වීපයට අයත් කුඩා දූපතකී. එහි සම්පූර්ණ ප්‍රමාණය වර්ග සැතපුම් 65610 කි. " ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්තික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය " නමින් එහි නිලනාමය වෙයි. අවුරුදු 2500 කටත් වඩා වැඩි පෞඩ ඉතිහාසයකට උරුමකම් කියන ශ්‍රී ලංකා ඉතිහාසය, ක්‍රි.පූ 6 සියවසේ විජය කුමරුගේ ආගමනයත් සමග ආරම්භ වූ බ්ව් කියැවේ.ප්‍රථම රාජධනිය ලෙස අනුරාධපුරත්, රාජ්‍ය පරපුරේ අවසානය මහනුවර නගරයෙනුත් අවසාන විය. වර්ශ 1948 පසු නිදහස්‌ රාජ්‍යක්‌ බවට පත්වූ ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ අගනගරය වන්නේ කොළඹ නගරයයි. ප්‍රධාන පලාත් 9 කින් සහ දිස්‌තික්‌ක 25 කින්ද සමංවිත වේ. සිංහල, දමිල,මුස්‌ලිම්, බර්ගර් ආදී ජාතින් ජීවත් වන ලක්‌බිමේ ප්‍රධාන ආගම් ලෙස බෞද්ධ , ක්‍රිස්‌තියානි, ඉස්‌ලාම් හා හින්ඳු ආගම් අදහන පිරිසකින් හෙබිය. වර්තමානයේ කෙසේ වුවත් ශ්‍රි ලංකාවේ ප්‍රධාන් උපාය මර්ගය වන්නේ වී ගොවිතෙනයි. ==ෙමවාත් බලන්න== * [[:en:Sri Lanka|ඉංග්රීසි පිටුව]] : * [[ෙකාළඹ]] * [[සාමය]] * [[සිංහල]] ==අඩවිෙයන් බැහැර පිටු== : *[http://www.gov.lk ශ්‍රී ලංකා රජය] *[http://www.divaina.com දිවයින] *[http://www.theacademic.org ලංකා අැකඩමික්] *[http://www.lankanews.com ලංකානිවුස්.com] *[http://www.kaputa.com සිංහල වෙබ්] *[http://www.malkoha.com සිංහල සින්දු] [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා]] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} 4480 2005-10-26T02:26:29Z 68.77.140.247 /* අඩවිෙයන් බැහැර පිටු */ ==හැඳින්වීම== [[Image:Sri_lanka_flag_large.png|thumb|200px|right|ශ්රී ලංකා ජාතික ධජය]] ඉන්දියන් සාගරයේ මුතු ඇටය නමින් විරුදාවලිය ලත් ශ්‍රී ලංකාව, ආසියා මහද්වීපයට අයත් කුඩා දූපතකී. එහි සම්පූර්ණ ප්‍රමාණය වර්ග සැතපුම් 65610 කි. " ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්තික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය " නමින් එහි නිලනාමය වෙයි. අවුරුදු 2500 කටත් වඩා වැඩි පෞඩ ඉතිහාසයකට උරුමකම් කියන ශ්‍රී ලංකා ඉතිහාසය, ක්‍රි.පූ 6 සියවසේ විජය කුමරුගේ ආගමනයත් සමග ආරම්භ වූ බ්ව් කියැවේ.ප්‍රථම රාජධනිය ලෙස අනුරාධපුරත්, රාජ්‍ය පරපුරේ අවසානය මහනුවර නගරයෙනුත් අවසාන විය. වර්ශ 1948 පසු නිදහස්‌ රාජ්‍යක්‌ බවට පත්වූ ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ අගනගරය වන්නේ කොළඹ නගරයයි. ප්‍රධාන පලාත් 9 කින් සහ දිස්‌තික්‌ක 25 කින්ද සමංවිත වේ. සිංහල, දමිල,මුස්‌ලිම්, බර්ගර් ආදී ජාතින් ජීවත් වන ලක්‌බිමේ ප්‍රධාන ආගම් ලෙස බෞද්ධ , ක්‍රිස්‌තියානි, ඉස්‌ලාම් හා හින්ඳු ආගම් අදහන පිරිසකින් හෙබිය. වර්තමානයේ කෙසේ වුවත් ශ්‍රි ලංකාවේ ප්‍රධාන් උපාය මර්ගය වන්නේ වී ගොවිතෙනයි. ==ෙමවාත් බලන්න== * [[:en:Sri Lanka|ඉංග්රීසි පිටුව]] : * [[ෙකාළඹ]] * [[සාමය]] * [[සිංහල]] ==අඩවිෙයන් බැහැර පිටු== : *[http://www.gov.lk ශ්‍රී ලංකා රජය] *[http://www.divaina.com දිවයින] *[http://www.theacademic.org ලංකා අැකඩමික්(English)] *[http://www.infolanka.com ඉන්ෙෆා ලංකා(English)] *[http://www.lankanews.com ලංකානිවුස්.com] *[http://www.kaputa.com සිංහල වෙබ්] *[http://www.malkoha.com සිංහල සින්දු] [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා]] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} 4481 2005-10-26T02:41:44Z 68.77.140.247 /* අඩවිෙයන් බැහැර පිටු */ ==හැඳින්වීම== [[Image:Sri_lanka_flag_large.png|thumb|200px|right|ශ්රී ලංකා ජාතික ධජය]] ඉන්දියන් සාගරයේ මුතු ඇටය නමින් විරුදාවලිය ලත් ශ්‍රී ලංකාව, ආසියා මහද්වීපයට අයත් කුඩා දූපතකී. එහි සම්පූර්ණ ප්‍රමාණය වර්ග සැතපුම් 65610 කි. " ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්තික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය " නමින් එහි නිලනාමය වෙයි. අවුරුදු 2500 කටත් වඩා වැඩි පෞඩ ඉතිහාසයකට උරුමකම් කියන ශ්‍රී ලංකා ඉතිහාසය, ක්‍රි.පූ 6 සියවසේ විජය කුමරුගේ ආගමනයත් සමග ආරම්භ වූ බ්ව් කියැවේ.ප්‍රථම රාජධනිය ලෙස අනුරාධපුරත්, රාජ්‍ය පරපුරේ අවසානය මහනුවර නගරයෙනුත් අවසාන විය. වර්ශ 1948 පසු නිදහස්‌ රාජ්‍යක්‌ බවට පත්වූ ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ අගනගරය වන්නේ කොළඹ නගරයයි. ප්‍රධාන පලාත් 9 කින් සහ දිස්‌තික්‌ක 25 කින්ද සමංවිත වේ. සිංහල, දමිල,මුස්‌ලිම්, බර්ගර් ආදී ජාතින් ජීවත් වන ලක්‌බිමේ ප්‍රධාන ආගම් ලෙස බෞද්ධ , ක්‍රිස්‌තියානි, ඉස්‌ලාම් හා හින්ඳු ආගම් අදහන පිරිසකින් හෙබිය. වර්තමානයේ කෙසේ වුවත් ශ්‍රි ලංකාවේ ප්‍රධාන් උපාය මර්ගය වන්නේ වී ගොවිතෙනයි. ==ෙමවාත් බලන්න== * [[:en:Sri Lanka|ඉංග්රීසි පිටුව]] : * [[ෙකාළඹ]] * [[සාමය]] * [[සිංහල]] ==අඩවිෙයන් බැහැර පිටු== : *[http://www.gov.lk ශ්‍රී ලංකා රජය] *[http://www.divaina.com දිවයින] *[http://www.theacademic.org ලංකා අැකඩමික්(English)] *[http://www.infolanka.com ඉන්ෙෆා ලංකා(English)] *[http://www.lankanews.com ලංකානිවුස්.com] *[http://www.kaputa.com කපුටා වෙබ්] *[http://www.malkoha.com සිංහල ගීත(සින්දු)] [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා]] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} 4482 2005-10-26T03:09:05Z 68.77.140.247 /* හැඳින්වීම */ ==හැඳින්වීම== [[Image:Sri_lanka_flag_large.png|thumb|200px|right|ශ්රී ලංකා ජාතික ධජය]] ඉන්දියන් සාගරයේ මුතු ඇටය නමින් විරුදාවලිය ලත් ශ්‍රී ලංකාව, ආසියා මහද්වීපයට අයත් කුඩා දූපතකී. එහි සම්පූර්ණ ප්‍රමාණය වර්ග සැතපුම් 65610 කි. " ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්තික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය " නමින් එහි නිලනාමය වෙයි. අවුරුදු 2500 කටත් වඩා වැඩි පෞඩ ඉතිහාසයකට උරුමකම් කියන ශ්‍රී ලංකා ඉතිහාසය, ක්‍රි.පූ 6 සියවසේ විජය කුමරුගේ ආගමනයත් සමග ආරම්භ වූ බ්ව් කියැවේ.ප්‍රථම රාජධනිය ලෙස අනුරාධපුරත්, රාජ්‍ය පරපුරේ අවසානය මහනුවර නගරයෙනුත් අවසාන විය. වර්ශ 1505 දී පරංගි(Portugal) යටත් විජිතයක්්වූ ලංකාව පසුව ඕලන්ද හා ඉංග්රීසි අධිරාජවාදීනට යටත්ව අවසානෙය් වර්ශ 1948 පසු නිදහස් රාජ්‍යක් බවට පත්විය. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ අගනගරය වන්නේ කොළඹ නගරයයි. ප්‍රධාන පලාත් 9 කින් සහ දිස්‌තික්‌ක 25 කින්ද සමංවිත වේ. සිංහල, දමිල,මුස්‌ලිම්, බර්ගර් ආදී ජාතින් ජීවත් වන ලක්‌බිමේ ප්‍රධාන ආගම් ලෙස බෞද්ධ , හින්ඳු, ක්‍රිස්‌තියානි හා ඉස්ලාම් ආගම් අදහන පිරිසකින් හෙබිය. වර්තමානය ෙකෙස් වුවත් ශ්‍රි ලංකාෙවහි ප්‍රධාන කර්මාන්තය වන්නේ වී ෙගාවිතැනය. ==ෙමවාත් බලන්න== * [[:en:Sri Lanka|ඉංග්රීසි පිටුව]] : * [[ෙකාළඹ]] * [[සාමය]] * [[සිංහල]] ==අඩවිෙයන් බැහැර පිටු== : *[http://www.gov.lk ශ්‍රී ලංකා රජය] *[http://www.divaina.com දිවයින] *[http://www.theacademic.org ලංකා අැකඩමික්(English)] *[http://www.infolanka.com ඉන්ෙෆා ලංකා(English)] *[http://www.lankanews.com ලංකානිවුස්.com] *[http://www.kaputa.com කපුටා වෙබ්] *[http://www.malkoha.com සිංහල ගීත(සින්දු)] [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා]] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} 4483 2005-10-26T03:10:20Z 68.77.140.247 /* හැඳින්වීම */ ==හැඳින්වීම== [[Image:Sri_lanka_flag_large.png|thumb|200px|right|ශ්රී ලංකා ජාතික ධජය]] ඉන්දියන් සාගරයේ මුතු ඇටය නමින් විරුදාවලිය ලත් ශ්‍රී ලංකාව, ආසියා මහද්වීපයට අයත් කුඩා දූපතකී. එහි සම්පූර්ණ ප්‍රමාණය වර්ග සැතපුම් 65610 කි. " ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්තික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය " නමින් එහි නිලනාමය වෙයි. අවුරුදු 2500 කටත් වඩා වැඩි පෞඩ ඉතිහාසයකට උරුමකම් කියන ශ්‍රී ලංකා ඉතිහාසය, ක්‍රි.පූ 6 සියවසේ විජය කුමරුගේ ආගමනයත් සමග ආරම්භ වූ බ්ව් කියැවේ.ප්‍රථම රාජධනිය ලෙස අනුරාධපුරත්, රාජ්‍ය පරපුරේ අවසානය මහනුවර නගරයෙනුත් අවසාන විය. වර්ශ 1505 දී පරංගි(Portugal) යටත් විජිතයක්්වූ ලංකාව පසුව ඕලන්ද(Dutch) හා ඉංග්රීසි(British) අධිරාජවාදීනට යටත්ව අවසානෙය් වර්ශ 1948 පසු නිදහස් රාජ්‍යක් බවට පත්විය. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ අගනගරය වන්නේ කොළඹ නගරයයි. ප්‍රධාන පලාත් 9 කින් සහ දිස්‌තික්‌ක 25 කින්ද සමංවිත වේ. සිංහල, දමිල,මුස්‌ලිම්, බර්ගර් ආදී ජාතින් ජීවත් වන ලක්‌බිමේ ප්‍රධාන ආගම් ලෙස බෞද්ධ , හින්ඳු, ක්‍රිස්‌තියානි හා ඉස්ලාම් ආගම් අදහන පිරිසකින් හෙබිය. වර්තමානය ෙකෙස් වුවත් ශ්‍රි ලංකාෙවහි ප්‍රධාන කර්මාන්තය වන්නේ වී ෙගාවිතැනය. ==ෙමවාත් බලන්න== * [[:en:Sri Lanka|ඉංග්රීසි පිටුව]] : * [[ෙකාළඹ]] * [[සාමය]] * [[සිංහල]] ==අඩවිෙයන් බැහැර පිටු== : *[http://www.gov.lk ශ්‍රී ලංකා රජය] *[http://www.divaina.com දිවයින] *[http://www.theacademic.org ලංකා අැකඩමික්(English)] *[http://www.infolanka.com ඉන්ෙෆා ලංකා(English)] *[http://www.lankanews.com ලංකානිවුස්.com] *[http://www.kaputa.com කපුටා වෙබ්] *[http://www.malkoha.com සිංහල ගීත(සින්දු)] [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා]] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} 4485 2005-10-30T12:19:50Z 70.19.237.219 ==හැඳින්වීම== [[Image:Sri_lanka_flag_large.png|thumb|200px|right|ශ්රී ලංකා ජාතික ධජය]] ඉන්දියන් සාගරයේ මුතු ඇටය නමින් විරුදාවලිය ලත් ශ්‍රී ලංකාව, ආසියා මහද්වීපයට අයත් කුඩා දූපතකී. එහි සම්පූර්ණ ප්‍රමාණය වර්ග සැතපුම් 65610 කි. "ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්තික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය" නමින් එහි නිලනාමය වෙයි. අවුරුදු 2500 කටත් වඩා වැඩි පෞඩ ඉතිහාසයකට උරුමකම් කියන ශ්‍රී ලංකා ඉතිහාසය, ක්‍රි.පූ 6 සියවසේ විජය කුමරුගේ ආගමනයත් සමග ආරම්භ වූ බ්ව් කියැවේ.ප්‍රථම රාජධනිය ලෙස අනුරාධපුරත්, රාජ්‍ය පරපුරේ අවසානය මහනුවර නගරයෙනුත් අවසාන විය. වර්ශ 1505 දී පරංගි(Portugal) යටත් විජිතයක්්වූ ලංකාව පසුව ඕලන්ද(Dutch) හා ඉංග්රීසි(British) අධිරාජවාදීනට යටත්ව අවසානෙය් වර්ශ 1948 පසු නිදහස් රාජ්‍යක් බවට පත්විය. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ අගනගරය වන්නේ කොළඹ නගරයයි. ප්‍රධාන පලාත් 9 කින් සහ දිස්‌තික්‌ක 25 කින්ද සමංවිත වේ. සිංහල, දමිල,මුස්‌ලිම්, බර්ගර් ආදී ජාතින් ජීවත් වන ලක්‌බිමේ ප්‍රධාන ආගම් ලෙස බෞද්ධ , හින්ඳු, ක්‍රිස්‌තියානි හා ඉස්ලාම් ආගම් අදහන පිරිසකින් හෙබිය. වර්තමානය ෙකෙස් වුවත් ශ්‍රි ලංකාෙවහි ප්‍රධාන කර්මාන්තය වන්නේ වී ෙගාවිතැනය. ==ෙමවාත් බලන්න== * [[:en:Sri Lanka|ඉංග්රීසි පිටුව]] : * [[ෙකාළඹ]] * [[සාමය]] * [[සිංහල]] ==අඩවිෙයන් බැහැර පිටු== : *[http://www.gov.lk ශ්‍රී ලංකා රජය] *[http://www.divaina.com දිවයින] *[http://www.theacademic.org ලංකා අැකඩමික්(English)] *[http://www.infolanka.com ඉන්ෙෆා ලංකා(English)] *[http://www.lankanews.com ලංකානිවුස්.com] *[http://www.kaputa.com කපුටා වෙබ්] *[http://www.malkoha.com සිංහල ගීත(සින්දු)] [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා]] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} 4486 2005-10-31T09:33:19Z 202.205.123.7 ==හැඳින්වීම== [[Image:Sri_lanka_flag_large.png|thumb|200px|right|ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජාතික ධජය]] ඉන්දියන් සාගරයේ මුතු ඇටය නමින් විරුදාවලිය ලත් ශ්‍රී ලංකාව, ආසියා මහද්වීපයට අයත් කුඩා දූපතකී. එහි සම්පූර්ණ ප්‍රමාණය වර්ග සැතපුම් 65610 කි. "ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්තික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය" එහි නිලනාමය වෙයි. අවුරුදු 2500 කටත් වඩා වැඩි පෞඩ ඉතිහාසයකට උරුමකම් කියන ශ්‍රී ලංකා ඉතිහාසය, ක්‍රි.පූ 6 සියවසේ විජය කුමරුගේ ආගමනයත් සමග ආරම්භ වූ බ්ව් කියැවේ.ප්‍රථම රාජධනිය ලෙස අනුරාධපුරත්, රාජ්‍ය පරපුරේ අවසානය මහනුවර නගරයෙනුත් අවසාන විය. වර්ශ 1505 දී පරංගි(Portugal) යටත් විජිතයක්්වූ ලංකාව පසුව ඕලන්ද(Dutch) හා ඉංග්රීසි(British) අධිරාජවාදීනට යටත්ව අවසානෙය් වර්ශ 1948 පසු නිදහස් රාජ්‍යක් බවට පත්විය. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ අගනගරය වන්නේ කොළඹ නගරයයි. ප්‍රධාන පලාත් 9 කින් සහ දිස්‌තික්‌ක 25 කින්ද සමංවිත වේ. සිංහල, දමිල,මුස්‌ලිම්, බර්ගර් ආදී ජාතින් ජීවත් වන ලක්‌බිමේ ප්‍රධාන ආගම් ලෙස බෞද්ධ , හින්ඳු, ක්‍රිස්‌තියානි හා ඉස්ලාම් ආගම් අදහන පිරිසකින් හෙබිය. වර්තමානය ෙකෙස් වුවත් ශ්‍රි ලංකාෙවහි ප්‍රධාන කර්මාන්තය වන්නේ වී ෙගාවිතැනය. ==ෙම්වාත් බලන්න== * [[:en:Sri Lanka|ඉංග්රීසි පිටුව]] : * [[ෙකාළඹ]] * [[සාමය]] * [[සිංහල]] ==අඩවිෙයන් බැහැර පිටු== : *[http://www.gov.lk ශ්‍රී ලංකා රජය] *[http://www.divaina.com දිවයින] *[http://www.theacademic.org ලංකා අැකඩමික්(English)] *[http://www.infolanka.com ඉන්ෙෆා ලංකා(English)] *[http://www.lankanews.com ලංකානිවුස්.com] *[http://www.kaputa.com කපුටා වෙබ්] *[http://www.malkoha.com සිංහල ගීත(සින්දු)] [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා]] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} 4702 2005-12-03T11:51:16Z 131.111.8.96 interwikis ==හැඳින්වීම== [[Image:Sri_lanka_flag_large.png|thumb|200px|right|ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජාතික ධජය]] ඉන්දියන් සාගරයේ මුතු ඇටය නමින් විරුදාවලිය ලත් ශ්‍රී ලංකාව, ආසියා මහද්වීපයට අයත් කුඩා දූපතකී. එහි සම්පූර්ණ ප්‍රමාණය වර්ග සැතපුම් 65610 කි. "ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්තික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය" එහි නිලනාමය වෙයි. අවුරුදු 2500 කටත් වඩා වැඩි පෞඩ ඉතිහාසයකට උරුමකම් කියන ශ්‍රී ලංකා ඉතිහාසය, ක්‍රි.පූ 6 සියවසේ විජය කුමරුගේ ආගමනයත් සමග ආරම්භ වූ බ්ව් කියැවේ.ප්‍රථම රාජධනිය ලෙස අනුරාධපුරත්, රාජ්‍ය පරපුරේ අවසානය මහනුවර නගරයෙනුත් අවසාන විය. වර්ශ 1505 දී පරංගි(Portugal) යටත් විජිතයක්්වූ ලංකාව පසුව ඕලන්ද(Dutch) හා ඉංග්රීසි(British) අධිරාජවාදීනට යටත්ව අවසානෙය් වර්ශ 1948 පසු නිදහස් රාජ්‍යක් බවට පත්විය. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ අගනගරය වන්නේ කොළඹ නගරයයි. ප්‍රධාන පලාත් 9 කින් සහ දිස්‌තික්‌ක 25 කින්ද සමංවිත වේ. සිංහල, දමිල,මුස්‌ලිම්, බර්ගර් ආදී ජාතින් ජීවත් වන ලක්‌බිමේ ප්‍රධාන ආගම් ලෙස බෞද්ධ , හින්ඳු, ක්‍රිස්‌තියානි හා ඉස්ලාම් ආගම් අදහන පිරිසකින් හෙබිය. වර්තමානය ෙකෙස් වුවත් ශ්‍රි ලංකාෙවහි ප්‍රධාන කර්මාන්තය වන්නේ වී ෙගාවිතැනය. ==ෙම්වාත් බලන්න== * [[:en:Sri Lanka|ඉංග්රීසි පිටුව]] : * [[ෙකාළඹ]] * [[සාමය]] * [[සිංහල]] ==අඩවිෙයන් බැහැර පිටු== : *[http://www.gov.lk ශ්‍රී ලංකා රජය] *[http://www.divaina.com දිවයින] *[http://www.theacademic.org ලංකා අැකඩමික්(English)] *[http://www.infolanka.com ඉන්ෙෆා ලංකා(English)] *[http://www.lankanews.com ලංකානිවුස්.com] *[http://www.kaputa.com කපුටා වෙබ්] *[http://www.malkoha.com සිංහල ගීත(සින්දු)] [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා]] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} [[ar:سريلانكا]] [[bg:Шри Ланка]] [[bn:শ্রীলংকা]] [[ca:Sri Lanka]] [[cs:Srí Lanka]] [[da:Sri Lanka]] [[de:Sri Lanka]] [[en:Sri Lanka]] [[eo:Sri-Lanko]] [[es:Sri Lanka]] [[et:Sri Lanka]] [[fa:سری لانکا]] [[fi:Sri Lanka]] [[fr:Sri Lanka]] [[gd:Sri Lanka]] [[gl:Sri Lanka - Sri Lankā]] [[he:סרי לנקה]] [[hi:श्रीलंका]] [[hr:Šri Lanka]] [[hu:Srí Lanka]] [[id:Sri Lanka]] [[io:Sri Lanka]] [[is:Srí Lanka]] [[it:Sri Lanka]] [[ja:スリランカ]] [[kn:ಶ್ರೀಲ೦ಕಾ]] [[ko:스리랑카]] [[li:Sri Lanka]] [[lt:Šri Lanka]] [[ml:ശ്രീലങ്ക]] [[ms:Sri Lanka]] [[nds:Sri Lanka]] [[nl:Sri Lanka]] [[nn:Sri Lanka]] [[no:Sri Lanka]] [[os:Шри-Ланка]] [[pl:Sri Lanka]] [[pt:Sri Lanka]] [[ro:Sri Lanka]] [[ru:Шри-Ланка]] [[sa:श्रीलङ्का]] [[scn:Sri Lanka]] [[sk:Srí Lanka]] [[sl:Šrilanka]] [[sr:Шри Ланка]] [[sv:Sri Lanka]] [[ta:இலங்கை]] [[th:ประเทศศรีลังกา]] [[tl:Sri Lanka]] [[tr:Sri Lanka]] [[uk:Шрі-Ланка]] [[zh:斯里蘭卡]] [[zh-min-nan:Sri Lanka]] 4824 2006-01-19T03:03:29Z 68.40.42.127 ==හැඳින්වීම== [[Image:Sri_lanka_flag_large.png|thumb|200px|right|ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජාතික ධජය]] ඉන්දියන් සාගරයේ මුතු ඇටය නමින් විරුදාවලිය ලත් ශ්‍රී ලංකාව, ආසියා මහද්වීපයට අයත් කුඩා දූපතකී. එහි සම්පූර්ණ ප්‍රමාණය වර්ග කිෙලා්මීටර 65610 කි. "ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්තික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය" එහි නිලනාමය වෙයි. අවුරුදු 2500 කටත් වඩා වැඩි පෞඩ ඉතිහාසයකට උරුමකම් කියන ශ්‍රී ලංකා ඉතිහාසය, ක්‍රි.පූ 6 සියවසේ විජය කුමරුගේ ආගමනයත් සමග ආරම්භ වූ බ්ව් කියැවේ.ප්‍රථම රාජධනිය ලෙස අනුරාධපුරත්, රාජ්‍ය පරපුරේ අවසානය මහනුවර නගරයෙනුත් අවසාන විය. වර්ශ 1505 දී පරංගි(Portugal) යටත් විජිතයක්්වූ ලංකාව පසුව ඕලන්ද(Dutch) හා ඉංග්රීසි(British) අධිරාජවාදීනට යටත්ව අවසානෙය් වර්ශ 1948 පසු නිදහස් රාජ්‍යක් බවට පත්විය. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ අගනගරය වන්නේ කොළඹ නගරයයි. ප්‍රධාන පලාත් 9 කින් සහ දිස්‌තික්‌ක 25 කින්ද සමංවිත වේ. සිංහල, දමිල,මුස්‌ලිම්, බර්ගර් ආදී ජාතින් ජීවත් වන ලක්‌බිමේ ප්‍රධාන ආගම් ලෙස බෞද්ධ , හින්ඳු, ක්‍රිස්‌තියානි හා ඉස්ලාම් ආගම් අදහන පිරිසකින් හෙබිය. වර්තමානය ෙකෙස් වුවත් ශ්‍රි ලංකාෙවහි ප්‍රධාන කර්මාන්තය වන්නේ වී ෙගාවිතැනය. ==ෙම්වාත් බලන්න== * [[:en:Sri Lanka|ඉංග්රීසි පිටුව]] : * [[ෙකාළඹ]] * [[සාමය]] * [[සිංහල]] ==අඩවිෙයන් බැහැර පිටු== : *[http://www.gov.lk ශ්‍රී ලංකා රජය] *[http://www.divaina.com දිවයින] *[http://www.theacademic.org ලංකා අැකඩමික්(English)] *[http://www.infolanka.com ඉන්ෙෆා ලංකා(English)] *[http://www.lankanews.com ලංකානිවුස්.com] *[http://www.kaputa.com කපුටා වෙබ්] *[http://www.malkoha.com සිංහල ගීත(සින්දු)] [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා]] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} [[ar:سريلانكا]] [[bg:Шри Ланка]] [[bn:শ্রীলংকা]] [[ca:Sri Lanka]] [[cs:Srí Lanka]] [[da:Sri Lanka]] [[de:Sri Lanka]] [[en:Sri Lanka]] [[eo:Sri-Lanko]] [[es:Sri Lanka]] [[et:Sri Lanka]] [[fa:سری لانکا]] [[fi:Sri Lanka]] [[fr:Sri Lanka]] [[gd:Sri Lanka]] [[gl:Sri Lanka - Sri Lankā]] [[he:סרי לנקה]] [[hi:श्रीलंका]] [[hr:Šri Lanka]] [[hu:Srí Lanka]] [[id:Sri Lanka]] [[io:Sri Lanka]] [[is:Srí Lanka]] [[it:Sri Lanka]] [[ja:スリランカ]] [[kn:ಶ್ರೀಲ೦ಕಾ]] [[ko:스리랑카]] [[li:Sri Lanka]] [[lt:Šri Lanka]] [[ml:ശ്രീലങ്ക]] [[ms:Sri Lanka]] [[nds:Sri Lanka]] [[nl:Sri Lanka]] [[nn:Sri Lanka]] [[no:Sri Lanka]] [[os:Шри-Ланка]] [[pl:Sri Lanka]] [[pt:Sri Lanka]] [[ro:Sri Lanka]] [[ru:Шри-Ланка]] [[sa:श्रीलङ्का]] [[scn:Sri Lanka]] [[sk:Srí Lanka]] [[sl:Šrilanka]] [[sr:Шри Ланка]] [[sv:Sri Lanka]] [[ta:இலங்கை]] [[th:ประเทศศรีลังกา]] [[tl:Sri Lanka]] [[tr:Sri Lanka]] [[uk:Шрі-Ланка]] [[zh:斯里蘭卡]] [[zh-min-nan:Sri Lanka]] 4844 2006-02-10T16:10:26Z 202.124.183.120 /* ෙම්වාත් බලන්න */ ==හැඳින්වීම== [[Image:Sri_lanka_flag_large.png|thumb|200px|right|ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජාතික ධජය]] ඉන්දියන් සාගරයේ මුතු ඇටය නමින් විරුදාවලිය ලත් ශ්‍රී ලංකාව, ආසියා මහද්වීපයට අයත් කුඩා දූපතකී. එහි සම්පූර්ණ ප්‍රමාණය වර්ග කිෙලා්මීටර 65610 කි. "ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්තික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය" එහි නිලනාමය වෙයි. අවුරුදු 2500 කටත් වඩා වැඩි පෞඩ ඉතිහාසයකට උරුමකම් කියන ශ්‍රී ලංකා ඉතිහාසය, ක්‍රි.පූ 6 සියවසේ විජය කුමරුගේ ආගමනයත් සමග ආරම්භ වූ බ්ව් කියැවේ.ප්‍රථම රාජධනිය ලෙස අනුරාධපුරත්, රාජ්‍ය පරපුරේ අවසානය මහනුවර නගරයෙනුත් අවසාන විය. වර්ශ 1505 දී පරංගි(Portugal) යටත් විජිතයක්්වූ ලංකාව පසුව ඕලන්ද(Dutch) හා ඉංග්රීසි(British) අධිරාජවාදීනට යටත්ව අවසානෙය් වර්ශ 1948 පසු නිදහස් රාජ්‍යක් බවට පත්විය. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ අගනගරය වන්නේ කොළඹ නගරයයි. ප්‍රධාන පලාත් 9 කින් සහ දිස්‌තික්‌ක 25 කින්ද සමංවිත වේ. සිංහල, දමිල,මුස්‌ලිම්, බර්ගර් ආදී ජාතින් ජීවත් වන ලක්‌බිමේ ප්‍රධාන ආගම් ලෙස බෞද්ධ , හින්ඳු, ක්‍රිස්‌තියානි හා ඉස්ලාම් ආගම් අදහන පිරිසකින් හෙබිය. වර්තමානය ෙකෙස් වුවත් ශ්‍රි ලංකාෙවහි ප්‍රධාන කර්මාන්තය වන්නේ වී ෙගාවිතැනය. ==ෙම්වාත් බලන්න== * [[:en:Sri Lanka|ඉංග්රීසි පිටුව]] : * [[ෙකාළඹ]] * [[සාමය]] * [[සිංහල]] Sri lanka largest sector is textils ==අඩවිෙයන් බැහැර පිටු== : *[http://www.gov.lk ශ්‍රී ලංකා රජය] *[http://www.divaina.com දිවයින] *[http://www.theacademic.org ලංකා අැකඩමික්(English)] *[http://www.infolanka.com ඉන්ෙෆා ලංකා(English)] *[http://www.lankanews.com ලංකානිවුස්.com] *[http://www.kaputa.com කපුටා වෙබ්] *[http://www.malkoha.com සිංහල ගීත(සින්දු)] [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා]] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} [[ar:سريلانكا]] [[bg:Шри Ланка]] [[bn:শ্রীলংকা]] [[ca:Sri Lanka]] [[cs:Srí Lanka]] [[da:Sri Lanka]] [[de:Sri Lanka]] [[en:Sri Lanka]] [[eo:Sri-Lanko]] [[es:Sri Lanka]] [[et:Sri Lanka]] [[fa:سری لانکا]] [[fi:Sri Lanka]] [[fr:Sri Lanka]] [[gd:Sri Lanka]] [[gl:Sri Lanka - Sri Lankā]] [[he:סרי לנקה]] [[hi:श्रीलंका]] [[hr:Šri Lanka]] [[hu:Srí Lanka]] [[id:Sri Lanka]] [[io:Sri Lanka]] [[is:Srí Lanka]] [[it:Sri Lanka]] [[ja:スリランカ]] [[kn:ಶ್ರೀಲ೦ಕಾ]] [[ko:스리랑카]] [[li:Sri Lanka]] [[lt:Šri Lanka]] [[ml:ശ്രീലങ്ക]] [[ms:Sri Lanka]] [[nds:Sri Lanka]] [[nl:Sri Lanka]] [[nn:Sri Lanka]] [[no:Sri Lanka]] [[os:Шри-Ланка]] [[pl:Sri Lanka]] [[pt:Sri Lanka]] [[ro:Sri Lanka]] [[ru:Шри-Ланка]] [[sa:श्रीलङ्का]] [[scn:Sri Lanka]] [[sk:Srí Lanka]] [[sl:Šrilanka]] [[sr:Шри Ланка]] [[sv:Sri Lanka]] [[ta:இலங்கை]] [[th:ประเทศศรีลังกา]] [[tl:Sri Lanka]] [[tr:Sri Lanka]] [[uk:Шрі-Ланка]] [[zh:斯里蘭卡]] [[zh-min-nan:Sri Lanka]] 4846 2006-02-11T17:14:14Z 202.69.192.193 /* හැඳින්වීම */ ==හැඳින්වීම== [[Image:Sri_lanka_flag_large.png|thumb|200px|right|ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජාතික ධජය]] ඉන්දියන් සාගරයේ මුතු ඇටය නමින් විරුදාවලිය ලත් ශ්‍රී ලංකාව, ආසියා මහද්වීපයට අයත් කුඩා දූපතකී. එය ඉංදියාවට පහලින් දකුණු පසට වන්නට පිහිටා ඇත. එහි සම්පූර්ණ ප්‍රමාණය වර්ග කිෙලා්මීටර 65610 කි. "ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්තික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය" එහි නිලනාමය වෙයි. අවුරුදු 2500 කටත් වඩා වැඩි පෞඩ ඉතිහාසයකට උරුමකම් කියන ශ්‍රී ලංකා ඉතිහාසය, ක්‍රි.පූ 6 සියවසේ විජය කුමරුගේ ආගමනයත් සමග ආරම්භ වූ බ්ව් කියැවේ.ප්‍රථම රාජධනිය ලෙස අනුරාධපුරත්, රාජ්‍ය පරපුරේ අවසානය මහනුවර නගරයෙනුත් අවසාන විය. වර්ශ 1505 දී පරංගි(Portugal) යටත් විජිතයක්්වූ ලංකාව පසුව ඕලන්ද(Dutch) හා ඉංග්රීසි(British) අධිරාජවාදීනට යටත්ව අවසානෙය් වර්ශ 1948 පසු නිදහස් රාජ්‍යක් බවට පත්විය. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ අගනගරය වන්නේ කොළඹ නගරයයි. ප්‍රධාන පලාත් 9 කින් සහ දිස්‌තික්‌ක 25 කින්ද සමංවිත වේ. සිංහල, දමිල,මුස්‌ලිම්, බර්ගර් ආදී ජාතින් ජීවත් වන ලක්‌බිමේ ප්‍රධාන ආගම් ලෙස බෞද්ධ , හින්ඳු, ක්‍රිස්‌තියානි හා ඉස්ලාම් ආගම් අදහන පිරිසකින් හෙබිය. වර්තමානය ෙකෙස් වුවත් ශ්‍රි ලංකාෙවහි ප්‍රධාන කර්මාන්තය වන්නේ වී ෙගාවිතැනය. ==ෙම්වාත් බලන්න== * [[:en:Sri Lanka|ඉංග්රීසි පිටුව]] : * [[ෙකාළඹ]] * [[සාමය]] * [[සිංහල]] Sri lanka largest sector is textils ==අඩවිෙයන් බැහැර පිටු== : *[http://www.gov.lk ශ්‍රී ලංකා රජය] *[http://www.divaina.com දිවයින] *[http://www.theacademic.org ලංකා අැකඩමික්(English)] *[http://www.infolanka.com ඉන්ෙෆා ලංකා(English)] *[http://www.lankanews.com ලංකානිවුස්.com] *[http://www.kaputa.com කපුටා වෙබ්] *[http://www.malkoha.com සිංහල ගීත(සින්දු)] [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා]] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} [[ar:سريلانكا]] [[bg:Шри Ланка]] [[bn:শ্রীলংকা]] [[ca:Sri Lanka]] [[cs:Srí Lanka]] [[da:Sri Lanka]] [[de:Sri Lanka]] [[en:Sri Lanka]] [[eo:Sri-Lanko]] [[es:Sri Lanka]] [[et:Sri Lanka]] [[fa:سری لانکا]] [[fi:Sri Lanka]] [[fr:Sri Lanka]] [[gd:Sri Lanka]] [[gl:Sri Lanka - Sri Lankā]] [[he:סרי לנקה]] [[hi:श्रीलंका]] [[hr:Šri Lanka]] [[hu:Srí Lanka]] [[id:Sri Lanka]] [[io:Sri Lanka]] [[is:Srí Lanka]] [[it:Sri Lanka]] [[ja:スリランカ]] [[kn:ಶ್ರೀಲ೦ಕಾ]] [[ko:스리랑카]] [[li:Sri Lanka]] [[lt:Šri Lanka]] [[ml:ശ്രീലങ്ക]] [[ms:Sri Lanka]] [[nds:Sri Lanka]] [[nl:Sri Lanka]] [[nn:Sri Lanka]] [[no:Sri Lanka]] [[os:Шри-Ланка]] [[pl:Sri Lanka]] [[pt:Sri Lanka]] [[ro:Sri Lanka]] [[ru:Шри-Ланка]] [[sa:श्रीलङ्का]] [[scn:Sri Lanka]] [[sk:Srí Lanka]] [[sl:Šrilanka]] [[sr:Шри Ланка]] [[sv:Sri Lanka]] [[ta:இலங்கை]] [[th:ประเทศศรีลังกา]] [[tl:Sri Lanka]] [[tr:Sri Lanka]] [[uk:Шрі-Ланка]] [[zh:斯里蘭卡]] [[zh-min-nan:Sri Lanka]] 4847 2006-02-11T17:21:15Z 202.69.192.193 /* හැඳින්වීම */ ==හැඳින්වීම== [[Image:Sri_lanka_flag_large.png|thumb|200px|right|ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජාතික ධජය]] ඉන්දියන් සාගරයේ මුතු ඇටය නමින් විරුදාවලිය ලත් ශ්‍රී ලංකාව, ආසියා මහද්වීපයට අයත් කුඩා දූපතකී. එය ඉංදියාවට පහලින් දකුණු පසට වන්නට පිහිටා ඇත. එහි සම්පූර්ණ පරිමාණය වර්ග කිෙලා්මීටර 65610 කි. ශ්රී ලංකාවේ අග නගරය "ශ්රී ජයවර්ධනපුර කෝට්ටේ" වේ. "ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්තික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය" එහි නිලනාමය වෙයි. අවුරුදු 2500 කටත් වඩා වැඩි පෞඩ ඉතිහාසයකට උරුමකම් කියන ශ්‍රී ලංකා ඉතිහාසය, ක්‍රි.පූ 6 සියවසේ විජය කුමරුගේ ආගමනයත් සමග ආරම්භ වූ බ්ව් කියැවේ.ප්‍රථම රාජධනිය ලෙස අනුරාධපුරත්, රාජ්‍ය පරපුරේ අවසානය මහනුවර නගරයෙනුත් අවසාන විය. වර්ශ 1505 දී පරංගි(Portugal) යටත් විජිතයක්්වූ ලංකාව පසුව ඕලන්ද(Dutch) හා ඉංග්රීසි(British) අධිරාජවාදීනට යටත්ව අවසානෙය් වර්ශ 1948 පසු නිදහස් රාජ්‍යක් බවට පත්විය. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ අගනගරය වන්නේ කොළඹ නගරයයි. ප්‍රධාන පලාත් 9 කින් සහ දිස්‌තික්‌ක 25 කින්ද සමංවිත වේ. සිංහල, දමිල,මුස්‌ලිම්, බර්ගර් ආදී ජාතින් ජීවත් වන ලක්‌බිමේ ප්‍රධාන ආගම් ලෙස බෞද්ධ , හින්ඳු, ක්‍රිස්‌තියානි හා ඉස්ලාම් ආගම් අදහන පිරිසකින් හෙබිය. වර්තමානය ෙකෙස් වුවත් ශ්‍රි ලංකාෙවහි ප්‍රධාන කර්මාන්තය වන්නේ වී ෙගාවිතැනය. ==ෙම්වාත් බලන්න== * [[:en:Sri Lanka|ඉංග්රීසි පිටුව]] : * [[ෙකාළඹ]] * [[සාමය]] * [[සිංහල]] Sri lanka largest sector is textils ==අඩවිෙයන් බැහැර පිටු== : *[http://www.gov.lk ශ්‍රී ලංකා රජය] *[http://www.divaina.com දිවයින] *[http://www.theacademic.org ලංකා අැකඩමික්(English)] *[http://www.infolanka.com ඉන්ෙෆා ලංකා(English)] *[http://www.lankanews.com ලංකානිවුස්.com] *[http://www.kaputa.com කපුටා වෙබ්] *[http://www.malkoha.com සිංහල ගීත(සින්දු)] [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා]] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} [[ar:سريلانكا]] [[bg:Шри Ланка]] [[bn:শ্রীলংকা]] [[ca:Sri Lanka]] [[cs:Srí Lanka]] [[da:Sri Lanka]] [[de:Sri Lanka]] [[en:Sri Lanka]] [[eo:Sri-Lanko]] [[es:Sri Lanka]] [[et:Sri Lanka]] [[fa:سری لانکا]] [[fi:Sri Lanka]] [[fr:Sri Lanka]] [[gd:Sri Lanka]] [[gl:Sri Lanka - Sri Lankā]] [[he:סרי לנקה]] [[hi:श्रीलंका]] [[hr:Šri Lanka]] [[hu:Srí Lanka]] [[id:Sri Lanka]] [[io:Sri Lanka]] [[is:Srí Lanka]] [[it:Sri Lanka]] [[ja:スリランカ]] [[kn:ಶ್ರೀಲ೦ಕಾ]] [[ko:스리랑카]] [[li:Sri Lanka]] [[lt:Šri Lanka]] [[ml:ശ്രീലങ്ക]] [[ms:Sri Lanka]] [[nds:Sri Lanka]] [[nl:Sri Lanka]] [[nn:Sri Lanka]] [[no:Sri Lanka]] [[os:Шри-Ланка]] [[pl:Sri Lanka]] [[pt:Sri Lanka]] [[ro:Sri Lanka]] [[ru:Шри-Ланка]] [[sa:श्रीलङ्का]] [[scn:Sri Lanka]] [[sk:Srí Lanka]] [[sl:Šrilanka]] [[sr:Шри Ланка]] [[sv:Sri Lanka]] [[ta:இலங்கை]] [[th:ประเทศศรีลังกา]] [[tl:Sri Lanka]] [[tr:Sri Lanka]] [[uk:Шрі-Ланка]] [[zh:斯里蘭卡]] [[zh-min-nan:Sri Lanka]] 4850 2006-02-12T01:01:16Z Chathurank 58 /* හැඳින්වීම */ ==හැඳින්වීම== [[Image:Sri_lanka_flag_large.png|thumb|200px|right|ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජාතික ධජය]] ඉන්දියන් සාගරයේ මුතු ඇටය නමින් විරුදාවලිය ලත් ශ්‍රී ලංකාව, ආසියා මහද්වීපයට අයත් කුඩා දූපතකී. එය ඉංදියාවට පහලින් දකුණු පසට වන්නට පිහිටා ඇත. එහි සම්පූර්ණ ප්රමාණය වර්ග කිෙලා්මීටර 65610 කි. ශ්රී ලංකාවේ අග නගරය "ශ්රී ජයවර්ධනපුර කෝට්ටේ" වේ. "ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්තික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය" එහි නිලනාමය වෙයි. අවුරුදු 2500 කටත් වඩා වැඩි පෞඩ ඉතිහාසයකට උරුමකම් කියන ශ්‍රී ලංකා ඉතිහාසය, ක්‍රි.පූ 6 සියවසේ විජය කුමරුගේ ආගමනයත් සමග ආරම්භ වූ බ්ව් කියැවේ.ප්‍රථම රාජධනිය ලෙස අනුරාධපුරත්, රාජ්‍ය පරපුරේ අවසානය මහනුවර නගරයෙනුත් අවසාන විය. වර්ශ 1505 දී පරංගි(Portugal) යටත් විජිතයක්්වූ ලංකාව පසුව ඕලන්ද(Dutch) හා ඉංග්රීසි(British) අධිරාජවාදීනට යටත්ව අවසානෙය් වර්ශ 1948 පසු නිදහස් රාජ්‍යක් බවට පත්විය. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ අගනගරය වන්නේ කොළඹ නගරයයි. ප්‍රධාන පලාත් 9 කින් සහ දිස්‌තික්‌ක 25 කින්ද සමංවිත වේ. සිංහල, දමිල,මුස්‌ලිම්, බර්ගර් ආදී ජාතින් ජීවත් වන ලක්‌බිමේ ප්‍රධාන ආගම් ලෙස බෞද්ධ , හින්ඳු, ක්‍රිස්‌තියානි හා ඉස්ලාම් ආගම් අදහන පිරිසකින් හෙබිය. වර්තමානය ෙකෙස් වුවත් ශ්‍රි ලංකාෙවහි ප්‍රධාන කර්මාන්තය වන්නේ වී ෙගාවිතැනය. ==ෙම්වාත් බලන්න== * [[:en:Sri Lanka|ඉංග්රීසි පිටුව]] : * [[ෙකාළඹ]] * [[සාමය]] * [[සිංහල]] Sri lanka largest sector is textils ==අඩවිෙයන් බැහැර පිටු== : *[http://www.gov.lk ශ්‍රී ලංකා රජය] *[http://www.divaina.com දිවයින] *[http://www.theacademic.org ලංකා අැකඩමික්(English)] *[http://www.infolanka.com ඉන්ෙෆා ලංකා(English)] *[http://www.lankanews.com ලංකානිවුස්.com] *[http://www.kaputa.com කපුටා වෙබ්] *[http://www.malkoha.com සිංහල ගීත(සින්දු)] [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා]] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} [[ar:سريلانكا]] [[bg:Шри Ланка]] [[bn:শ্রীলংকা]] [[ca:Sri Lanka]] [[cs:Srí Lanka]] [[da:Sri Lanka]] [[de:Sri Lanka]] [[en:Sri Lanka]] [[eo:Sri-Lanko]] [[es:Sri Lanka]] [[et:Sri Lanka]] [[fa:سری لانکا]] [[fi:Sri Lanka]] [[fr:Sri Lanka]] [[gd:Sri Lanka]] [[gl:Sri Lanka - Sri Lankā]] [[he:סרי לנקה]] [[hi:श्रीलंका]] [[hr:Šri Lanka]] [[hu:Srí Lanka]] [[id:Sri Lanka]] [[io:Sri Lanka]] [[is:Srí Lanka]] [[it:Sri Lanka]] [[ja:スリランカ]] [[kn:ಶ್ರೀಲ೦ಕಾ]] [[ko:스리랑카]] [[li:Sri Lanka]] [[lt:Šri Lanka]] [[ml:ശ്രീലങ്ക]] [[ms:Sri Lanka]] [[nds:Sri Lanka]] [[nl:Sri Lanka]] [[nn:Sri Lanka]] [[no:Sri Lanka]] [[os:Шри-Ланка]] [[pl:Sri Lanka]] [[pt:Sri Lanka]] [[ro:Sri Lanka]] [[ru:Шри-Ланка]] [[sa:श्रीलङ्का]] [[scn:Sri Lanka]] [[sk:Srí Lanka]] [[sl:Šrilanka]] [[sr:Шри Ланка]] [[sv:Sri Lanka]] [[ta:இலங்கை]] [[th:ประเทศศรีลังกา]] [[tl:Sri Lanka]] [[tr:Sri Lanka]] [[uk:Шрі-Ланка]] [[zh:斯里蘭卡]] [[zh-min-nan:Sri Lanka]] 4851 2006-02-12T01:02:14Z Chathurank 58 /* ෙම්වාත් බලන්න */ ==හැඳින්වීම== [[Image:Sri_lanka_flag_large.png|thumb|200px|right|ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජාතික ධජය]] ඉන්දියන් සාගරයේ මුතු ඇටය නමින් විරුදාවලිය ලත් ශ්‍රී ලංකාව, ආසියා මහද්වීපයට අයත් කුඩා දූපතකී. එය ඉංදියාවට පහලින් දකුණු පසට වන්නට පිහිටා ඇත. එහි සම්පූර්ණ ප්රමාණය වර්ග කිෙලා්මීටර 65610 කි. ශ්රී ලංකාවේ අග නගරය "ශ්රී ජයවර්ධනපුර කෝට්ටේ" වේ. "ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්තික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය" එහි නිලනාමය වෙයි. අවුරුදු 2500 කටත් වඩා වැඩි පෞඩ ඉතිහාසයකට උරුමකම් කියන ශ්‍රී ලංකා ඉතිහාසය, ක්‍රි.පූ 6 සියවසේ විජය කුමරුගේ ආගමනයත් සමග ආරම්භ වූ බ්ව් කියැවේ.ප්‍රථම රාජධනිය ලෙස අනුරාධපුරත්, රාජ්‍ය පරපුරේ අවසානය මහනුවර නගරයෙනුත් අවසාන විය. වර්ශ 1505 දී පරංගි(Portugal) යටත් විජිතයක්්වූ ලංකාව පසුව ඕලන්ද(Dutch) හා ඉංග්රීසි(British) අධිරාජවාදීනට යටත්ව අවසානෙය් වර්ශ 1948 පසු නිදහස් රාජ්‍යක් බවට පත්විය. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ අගනගරය වන්නේ කොළඹ නගරයයි. ප්‍රධාන පලාත් 9 කින් සහ දිස්‌තික්‌ක 25 කින්ද සමංවිත වේ. සිංහල, දමිල,මුස්‌ලිම්, බර්ගර් ආදී ජාතින් ජීවත් වන ලක්‌බිමේ ප්‍රධාන ආගම් ලෙස බෞද්ධ , හින්ඳු, ක්‍රිස්‌තියානි හා ඉස්ලාම් ආගම් අදහන පිරිසකින් හෙබිය. වර්තමානය ෙකෙස් වුවත් ශ්‍රි ලංකාෙවහි ප්‍රධාන කර්මාන්තය වන්නේ වී ෙගාවිතැනය. ==මේවාත් බලන්න== * [[:en:Sri Lanka|ඉංග්රීසි පිටුව]] : * [[ෙකාළඹ]] * [[සාමය]] * [[සිංහල]] Sri lanka largest sector is textils ==අඩවිෙයන් බැහැර පිටු== : *[http://www.gov.lk ශ්‍රී ලංකා රජය] *[http://www.divaina.com දිවයින] *[http://www.theacademic.org ලංකා අැකඩමික්(English)] *[http://www.infolanka.com ඉන්ෙෆා ලංකා(English)] *[http://www.lankanews.com ලංකානිවුස්.com] *[http://www.kaputa.com කපුටා වෙබ්] *[http://www.malkoha.com සිංහල ගීත(සින්දු)] [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා]] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} [[ar:سريلانكا]] [[bg:Шри Ланка]] [[bn:শ্রীলংকা]] [[ca:Sri Lanka]] [[cs:Srí Lanka]] [[da:Sri Lanka]] [[de:Sri Lanka]] [[en:Sri Lanka]] [[eo:Sri-Lanko]] [[es:Sri Lanka]] [[et:Sri Lanka]] [[fa:سری لانکا]] [[fi:Sri Lanka]] [[fr:Sri Lanka]] [[gd:Sri Lanka]] [[gl:Sri Lanka - Sri Lankā]] [[he:סרי לנקה]] [[hi:श्रीलंका]] [[hr:Šri Lanka]] [[hu:Srí Lanka]] [[id:Sri Lanka]] [[io:Sri Lanka]] [[is:Srí Lanka]] [[it:Sri Lanka]] [[ja:スリランカ]] [[kn:ಶ್ರೀಲ೦ಕಾ]] [[ko:스리랑카]] [[li:Sri Lanka]] [[lt:Šri Lanka]] [[ml:ശ്രീലങ്ക]] [[ms:Sri Lanka]] [[nds:Sri Lanka]] [[nl:Sri Lanka]] [[nn:Sri Lanka]] [[no:Sri Lanka]] [[os:Шри-Ланка]] [[pl:Sri Lanka]] [[pt:Sri Lanka]] [[ro:Sri Lanka]] [[ru:Шри-Ланка]] [[sa:श्रीलङ्का]] [[scn:Sri Lanka]] [[sk:Srí Lanka]] [[sl:Šrilanka]] [[sr:Шри Ланка]] [[sv:Sri Lanka]] [[ta:இலங்கை]] [[th:ประเทศศรีลังกา]] [[tl:Sri Lanka]] [[tr:Sri Lanka]] [[uk:Шрі-Ланка]] [[zh:斯里蘭卡]] [[zh-min-nan:Sri Lanka]] 4852 2006-02-12T01:03:07Z Chathurank 58 /* අඩවිෙයන් බැහැර පිටු */ ==හැඳින්වීම== [[Image:Sri_lanka_flag_large.png|thumb|200px|right|ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජාතික ධජය]] ඉන්දියන් සාගරයේ මුතු ඇටය නමින් විරුදාවලිය ලත් ශ්‍රී ලංකාව, ආසියා මහද්වීපයට අයත් කුඩා දූපතකී. එය ඉංදියාවට පහලින් දකුණු පසට වන්නට පිහිටා ඇත. එහි සම්පූර්ණ ප්රමාණය වර්ග කිෙලා්මීටර 65610 කි. ශ්රී ලංකාවේ අග නගරය "ශ්රී ජයවර්ධනපුර කෝට්ටේ" වේ. "ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්තික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය" එහි නිලනාමය වෙයි. අවුරුදු 2500 කටත් වඩා වැඩි පෞඩ ඉතිහාසයකට උරුමකම් කියන ශ්‍රී ලංකා ඉතිහාසය, ක්‍රි.පූ 6 සියවසේ විජය කුමරුගේ ආගමනයත් සමග ආරම්භ වූ බ්ව් කියැවේ.ප්‍රථම රාජධනිය ලෙස අනුරාධපුරත්, රාජ්‍ය පරපුරේ අවසානය මහනුවර නගරයෙනුත් අවසාන විය. වර්ශ 1505 දී පරංගි(Portugal) යටත් විජිතයක්්වූ ලංකාව පසුව ඕලන්ද(Dutch) හා ඉංග්රීසි(British) අධිරාජවාදීනට යටත්ව අවසානෙය් වර්ශ 1948 පසු නිදහස් රාජ්‍යක් බවට පත්විය. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ අගනගරය වන්නේ කොළඹ නගරයයි. ප්‍රධාන පලාත් 9 කින් සහ දිස්‌තික්‌ක 25 කින්ද සමංවිත වේ. සිංහල, දමිල,මුස්‌ලිම්, බර්ගර් ආදී ජාතින් ජීවත් වන ලක්‌බිමේ ප්‍රධාන ආගම් ලෙස බෞද්ධ , හින්ඳු, ක්‍රිස්‌තියානි හා ඉස්ලාම් ආගම් අදහන පිරිසකින් හෙබිය. වර්තමානය ෙකෙස් වුවත් ශ්‍රි ලංකාෙවහි ප්‍රධාන කර්මාන්තය වන්නේ වී ෙගාවිතැනය. ==මේවාත් බලන්න== * [[:en:Sri Lanka|ඉංග්රීසි පිටුව]] : * [[ෙකාළඹ]] * [[සාමය]] * [[සිංහල]] Sri lanka largest sector is textils ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== : *[http://www.gov.lk ශ්‍රී ලංකා රජය] *[http://www.divaina.com දිවයින] *[http://www.theacademic.org ලංකා අැකඩමික්(English)] *[http://www.infolanka.com ඉන්ෙෆා ලංකා(English)] *[http://www.lankanews.com ලංකානිවුස්.com] *[http://www.kaputa.com කපුටා වෙබ්] *[http://www.malkoha.com සිංහල ගීත(සින්දු)] [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා]] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} [[ar:سريلانكا]] [[bg:Шри Ланка]] [[bn:শ্রীলংকা]] [[ca:Sri Lanka]] [[cs:Srí Lanka]] [[da:Sri Lanka]] [[de:Sri Lanka]] [[en:Sri Lanka]] [[eo:Sri-Lanko]] [[es:Sri Lanka]] [[et:Sri Lanka]] [[fa:سری لانکا]] [[fi:Sri Lanka]] [[fr:Sri Lanka]] [[gd:Sri Lanka]] [[gl:Sri Lanka - Sri Lankā]] [[he:סרי לנקה]] [[hi:श्रीलंका]] [[hr:Šri Lanka]] [[hu:Srí Lanka]] [[id:Sri Lanka]] [[io:Sri Lanka]] [[is:Srí Lanka]] [[it:Sri Lanka]] [[ja:スリランカ]] [[kn:ಶ್ರೀಲ೦ಕಾ]] [[ko:스리랑카]] [[li:Sri Lanka]] [[lt:Šri Lanka]] [[ml:ശ്രീലങ്ക]] [[ms:Sri Lanka]] [[nds:Sri Lanka]] [[nl:Sri Lanka]] [[nn:Sri Lanka]] [[no:Sri Lanka]] [[os:Шри-Ланка]] [[pl:Sri Lanka]] [[pt:Sri Lanka]] [[ro:Sri Lanka]] [[ru:Шри-Ланка]] [[sa:श्रीलङ्का]] [[scn:Sri Lanka]] [[sk:Srí Lanka]] [[sl:Šrilanka]] [[sr:Шри Ланка]] [[sv:Sri Lanka]] [[ta:இலங்கை]] [[th:ประเทศศรีลังกา]] [[tl:Sri Lanka]] [[tr:Sri Lanka]] [[uk:Шрі-Ланка]] [[zh:斯里蘭卡]] [[zh-min-nan:Sri Lanka]] 4853 2006-02-12T03:08:21Z Chathurank 58 ==හැඳින්වීම== [[Image:Sri_lanka_flag_large.png|thumb|200px|right|ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජාතික ධජය]] ඉන්දියන් සාගරයේ මුතු ඇටය නමින් විරුදාවලිය ලත් ශ්‍රී ලංකාව, ආසියා මහද්වීපයට අයත් කුඩා දූපතකී. එය ඉංදියාවට පහලින් දකුණු පසට වන්නට පිහිටා ඇත. එහි සම්පූර්ණ ප්රිමාණය වර්ග කිලෝමීටර 65610 කි. ශ්රී ලංකාවේ අග නගරය "ශ්රී ජයවර්ධනපුර කෝට්ටේ" වේ. "ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්තික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය" එහි නිලනාමය වෙයි. අවුරුදු 2500 කටත් වඩා වැඩි පෞඩ ඉතිහාසයකට උරුමකම් කියන ශ්‍රී ලංකා ඉතිහාසය, ක්‍රි.පූ 6 සියවසේ විජය කුමරුගේ ආගමනයත් සමග ආරම්භ වූ බැව් කියැවේ.ප්‍රථම රාජධනිය ලෙස අනුරාධපුරත්, රාජ්‍ය පරපුරේ අවසානය මහනුවර නගරයෙනුත් අවසාන විය. වර්ශ 1505 දී පරංගි(Portugal) යටත් විජිතයක්වූ ලංකාව පසුව ඕලන්ද(Dutch) හා ඉංග්රීසි(British) අධිරාජ්‍යවාදීනට යටත්ව අවසානෙය් වර්ශ 1948 පසු නිදහස් රාජ්‍යක් බවට පත්විය. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ වානිජ අගනගරය වන්නේ කොළඹ නගරයයි. ප්‍රධාන පලාත් 9 කින් සහ දිස්‌තික්‌ක 25 කින්ද සමංවිත වේ. සිංහල, දමිල,මුස්‌ලිම්, බර්ගර් ආදී ජාතින් ජීවත් වන ලක්‌බිමේ ප්‍රධාන ආගම් ලෙස බෞද්ධ , හින්ඳු, ක්‍රිස්‌තියානි හා ඉස්ලාම් ආගම් අදහන පිරිසකින් හෙබිය. වර්තමානය කෙස් වුවත් ශ්‍රි ලංකාවෙහි ප්‍රධාන කර්මාන්තය වන්නේ වී ‍ගොවිතැනය. == ශ්රී ලංකා ජාතික ගීය == ශ්රී ලංකා මාතා අප ශ්රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා සුන්දර සිරිබරිනි සුරැඳි අති සෝබමාන ලංකා ධාන්‍ය ධනය නෙක මල් පලතුරු පිරි ජය භුමිය රම්‍යා අප හට සැප සිරි සෙත සදනා ජීවනයේ මාතා පිළිගනු මැන අප භක්තී පූජා නමෝ නමෝ මාතා අප ශ්රී... ලංකා ඔබ වේ අප විද්‍යා ඔබ මය අප සත්‍යා ඔබ වේ අප ශක්ති අප හද තුළ භක්ති ඔබ අප ආලෝකේ අපගේ අනුප්රාණේ ඔබ අප ජීවන වේ අප මුක්තිය ඔබ වේ නව ජීවන දෙමිනේ නිතින අප පුබුදු කරන් මාතා ඥාන වීර්ය වඩවමින රැගෙන යනු මැන ජයභූමී කරා එක මවකගේ දරුකැල බැවිනා යමු යමු වී නොපමා ප්රේම වඩා සැම හේද දුරැර දා නමෝ නමෝ මාතා අප ශ්රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ==මේවාත් බලන්න== * [[:en:Sri Lanka|ඉංග්රීසි පිටුව]] : * [[ෙකාළඹ]] * [[සාමය]] * [[සිංහල]] Sri lanka largest sector is textils ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== : *[http://www.gov.lk ශ්‍රී ලංකා රජය] *[http://www.divaina.com දිවයින] *[http://www.theacademic.org ලංකා අැකඩමික්(English)] *[http://www.infolanka.com ඉන්ෙෆා ලංකා(English)] *[http://www.lankanews.com ලංකානිවුස්.com] *[http://www.kaputa.com කපුටා වෙබ්] *[http://www.malkoha.com සිංහල ගීත(සින්දු)] [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා]] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} [[ar:سريلانكا]] [[bg:Шри Ланка]] [[bn:শ্রীলংকা]] [[ca:Sri Lanka]] [[cs:Srí Lanka]] [[da:Sri Lanka]] [[de:Sri Lanka]] [[en:Sri Lanka]] [[eo:Sri-Lanko]] [[es:Sri Lanka]] [[et:Sri Lanka]] [[fa:سری لانکا]] [[fi:Sri Lanka]] [[fr:Sri Lanka]] [[gd:Sri Lanka]] [[gl:Sri Lanka - Sri Lankā]] [[he:סרי לנקה]] [[hi:श्रीलंका]] [[hr:Šri Lanka]] [[hu:Srí Lanka]] [[id:Sri Lanka]] [[io:Sri Lanka]] [[is:Srí Lanka]] [[it:Sri Lanka]] [[ja:スリランカ]] [[kn:ಶ್ರೀಲ೦ಕಾ]] [[ko:스리랑카]] [[li:Sri Lanka]] [[lt:Šri Lanka]] [[ml:ശ്രീലങ്ക]] [[ms:Sri Lanka]] [[nds:Sri Lanka]] [[nl:Sri Lanka]] [[nn:Sri Lanka]] [[no:Sri Lanka]] [[os:Шри-Ланка]] [[pl:Sri Lanka]] [[pt:Sri Lanka]] [[ro:Sri Lanka]] [[ru:Шри-Ланка]] [[sa:श्रीलङ्का]] [[scn:Sri Lanka]] [[sk:Srí Lanka]] [[sl:Šrilanka]] [[sr:Шри Ланка]] [[sv:Sri Lanka]] [[ta:இலங்கை]] [[th:ประเทศศรีลังกา]] [[tl:Sri Lanka]] [[tr:Sri Lanka]] [[uk:Шрі-Ланка]] [[zh:斯里蘭卡]] [[zh-min-nan:Sri Lanka]] 4854 2006-02-12T03:39:03Z Chathurank 58 /* ශ්රී ලංකා ජාතික ගීය */ ==හැඳින්වීම== [[Image:Sri_lanka_flag_large.png|thumb|200px|right|ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජාතික ධජය]] ඉන්දියන් සාගරයේ මුතු ඇටය නමින් විරුදාවලිය ලත් ශ්‍රී ලංකාව, ආසියා මහද්වීපයට අයත් කුඩා දූපතකී. එය ඉංදියාවට පහලින් දකුණු පසට වන්නට පිහිටා ඇත. එහි සම්පූර්ණ ප්රිමාණය වර්ග කිලෝමීටර 65610 කි. ශ්රී ලංකාවේ අග නගරය "ශ්රී ජයවර්ධනපුර කෝට්ටේ" වේ. "ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්තික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය" එහි නිලනාමය වෙයි. අවුරුදු 2500 කටත් වඩා වැඩි පෞඩ ඉතිහාසයකට උරුමකම් කියන ශ්‍රී ලංකා ඉතිහාසය, ක්‍රි.පූ 6 සියවසේ විජය කුමරුගේ ආගමනයත් සමග ආරම්භ වූ බැව් කියැවේ.ප්‍රථම රාජධනිය ලෙස අනුරාධපුරත්, රාජ්‍ය පරපුරේ අවසානය මහනුවර නගරයෙනුත් අවසාන විය. වර්ශ 1505 දී පරංගි(Portugal) යටත් විජිතයක්වූ ලංකාව පසුව ඕලන්ද(Dutch) හා ඉංග්රීසි(British) අධිරාජ්‍යවාදීනට යටත්ව අවසානෙය් වර්ශ 1948 පසු නිදහස් රාජ්‍යක් බවට පත්විය. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ වානිජ අගනගරය වන්නේ කොළඹ නගරයයි. ප්‍රධාන පලාත් 9 කින් සහ දිස්‌තික්‌ක 25 කින්ද සමංවිත වේ. සිංහල, දමිල,මුස්‌ලිම්, බර්ගර් ආදී ජාතින් ජීවත් වන ලක්‌බිමේ ප්‍රධාන ආගම් ලෙස බෞද්ධ , හින්ඳු, ක්‍රිස්‌තියානි හා ඉස්ලාම් ආගම් අදහන පිරිසකින් හෙබිය. වර්තමානය කෙස් වුවත් ශ්‍රි ලංකාවෙහි ප්‍රධාන කර්මාන්තය වන්නේ වී ‍ගොවිතැනය. == ශ්රී ලංකා ජාතික ගීය == ශ්රී ලංකා මාතා අප ශ්රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ සුන්දර සිරිබරිනි සුරැඳි අති සෝබමාන ලංකා ධාන්‍ය ධනය නෙක මල් පලතුරු පිරි ජය භුමිය රම්‍යා අප හට සැප සිරි සෙත සදනා ජීවනයේ මාතා පිළිගනු මැන අප භක්තී පූජා නමෝ නමෝ මාතා අප ශ්රී... ලංකා ඔබ වේ අප විද්‍යා ඔබ මය අප සත්‍යා ඔබ වේ අප ශක්ති අප හද තුළ භක්ති ඔබ අප ආලෝකේ අපගේ අනුප්රාණේ ඔබ අප ජීවන වේ අප මුක්තිය ඔබ වේ නව ජීවන දෙමිනේ නිතින අප පුබුදු කරන් මාතා ඥාන වීර්ය වඩවමින රැගෙන යනු මැන ජයභූමී කරා එක මවකගේ දරුකැල බැවිනා යමු යමු වී නොපමා ප්රේම වඩා සැම හේද දුරැර දා නමෝ නමෝ මාතා අප ශ්රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ==මේවාත් බලන්න== * [[:en:Sri Lanka|ඉංග්රීසි පිටුව]] : * [[ෙකාළඹ]] * [[සාමය]] * [[සිංහල]] Sri lanka largest sector is textils ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== : *[http://www.gov.lk ශ්‍රී ලංකා රජය] *[http://www.divaina.com දිවයින] *[http://www.theacademic.org ලංකා අැකඩමික්(English)] *[http://www.infolanka.com ඉන්ෙෆා ලංකා(English)] *[http://www.lankanews.com ලංකානිවුස්.com] *[http://www.kaputa.com කපුටා වෙබ්] *[http://www.malkoha.com සිංහල ගීත(සින්දු)] [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා]] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} [[ar:سريلانكا]] [[bg:Шри Ланка]] [[bn:শ্রীলংকা]] [[ca:Sri Lanka]] [[cs:Srí Lanka]] [[da:Sri Lanka]] [[de:Sri Lanka]] [[en:Sri Lanka]] [[eo:Sri-Lanko]] [[es:Sri Lanka]] [[et:Sri Lanka]] [[fa:سری لانکا]] [[fi:Sri Lanka]] [[fr:Sri Lanka]] [[gd:Sri Lanka]] [[gl:Sri Lanka - Sri Lankā]] [[he:סרי לנקה]] [[hi:श्रीलंका]] [[hr:Šri Lanka]] [[hu:Srí Lanka]] [[id:Sri Lanka]] [[io:Sri Lanka]] [[is:Srí Lanka]] [[it:Sri Lanka]] [[ja:スリランカ]] [[kn:ಶ್ರೀಲ೦ಕಾ]] [[ko:스리랑카]] [[li:Sri Lanka]] [[lt:Šri Lanka]] [[ml:ശ്രീലങ്ക]] [[ms:Sri Lanka]] [[nds:Sri Lanka]] [[nl:Sri Lanka]] [[nn:Sri Lanka]] [[no:Sri Lanka]] [[os:Шри-Ланка]] [[pl:Sri Lanka]] [[pt:Sri Lanka]] [[ro:Sri Lanka]] [[ru:Шри-Ланка]] [[sa:श्रीलङ्का]] [[scn:Sri Lanka]] [[sk:Srí Lanka]] [[sl:Šrilanka]] [[sr:Шри Ланка]] [[sv:Sri Lanka]] [[ta:இலங்கை]] [[th:ประเทศศรีลังกา]] [[tl:Sri Lanka]] [[tr:Sri Lanka]] [[uk:Шрі-Ланка]] [[zh:斯里蘭卡]] [[zh-min-nan:Sri Lanka]] 4855 2006-02-12T03:46:39Z Chathurank 58 /* ශ්රී ලංකා ජාතික ගීය */ ==හැඳින්වීම== [[Image:Sri_lanka_flag_large.png|thumb|200px|right|ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජාතික ධජය]] ඉන්දියන් සාගරයේ මුතු ඇටය නමින් විරුදාවලිය ලත් ශ්‍රී ලංකාව, ආසියා මහද්වීපයට අයත් කුඩා දූපතකී. එය ඉංදියාවට පහලින් දකුණු පසට වන්නට පිහිටා ඇත. එහි සම්පූර්ණ ප්රිමාණය වර්ග කිලෝමීටර 65610 කි. ශ්රී ලංකාවේ අග නගරය "ශ්රී ජයවර්ධනපුර කෝට්ටේ" වේ. "ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්තික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය" එහි නිලනාමය වෙයි. අවුරුදු 2500 කටත් වඩා වැඩි පෞඩ ඉතිහාසයකට උරුමකම් කියන ශ්‍රී ලංකා ඉතිහාසය, ක්‍රි.පූ 6 සියවසේ විජය කුමරුගේ ආගමනයත් සමග ආරම්භ වූ බැව් කියැවේ.ප්‍රථම රාජධනිය ලෙස අනුරාධපුරත්, රාජ්‍ය පරපුරේ අවසානය මහනුවර නගරයෙනුත් අවසාන විය. වර්ශ 1505 දී පරංගි(Portugal) යටත් විජිතයක්වූ ලංකාව පසුව ඕලන්ද(Dutch) හා ඉංග්රීසි(British) අධිරාජ්‍යවාදීනට යටත්ව අවසානෙය් වර්ශ 1948 පසු නිදහස් රාජ්‍යක් බවට පත්විය. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ වානිජ අගනගරය වන්නේ කොළඹ නගරයයි. ප්‍රධාන පලාත් 9 කින් සහ දිස්‌තික්‌ක 25 කින්ද සමංවිත වේ. සිංහල, දමිල,මුස්‌ලිම්, බර්ගර් ආදී ජාතින් ජීවත් වන ලක්‌බිමේ ප්‍රධාන ආගම් ලෙස බෞද්ධ , හින්ඳු, ක්‍රිස්‌තියානි හා ඉස්ලාම් ආගම් අදහන පිරිසකින් හෙබිය. වර්තමානය කෙස් වුවත් ශ්‍රි ලංකාවෙහි ප්‍රධාන කර්මාන්තය වන්නේ වී ‍ගොවිතැනය. == ශ්රී ලංකා ජාතික ගීය == ශ්රී ලංකා මාතා ෴ අප ශ්රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ සුන්දර සිරිබරිනි සුරැඳි අති සෝබමාන ලංකා ෴ ධාන්‍ය ධනය නෙක මල් පලතුරු පිරි ජය භුමිය රම්‍යා ෴ අප හට සැප සිරි සෙත සදනා ජීවනයේ මාතා ෴ පිළිගනු මැන අප භක්තී පූජා ෴ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ අප ශ්රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ ඔබ වේ අප විද්‍යා ෴ ඔබ මය අප සත්‍යා ෴ ඔබ වේ අප ශක්ති ෴ අප හද තුළ භක්ති ෴ ඔබ අප ආලෝකේ ෴ අපගේ අනුප්රාණේ ෴ඔබ අප ජීවන වේ ෴ අප මුක්තිය ඔබ වේ ෴ නව ජීවන දෙමිනේ නිතින අප පුබුදු කරන් මාතා ෴ ඥාන වීර්ය වඩවමින රැගෙන යනු මැන ජයභූමී කරා ෴ එක මවකගේ දරුකැල බැවිනා යමු යමු වී නොපමා෴ප්රේම වඩා සැම හේද දුරැර දා නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ අප ශ්රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා..... ==මේවාත් බලන්න== * [[:en:Sri Lanka|ඉංග්රීසි පිටුව]] : * [[ෙකාළඹ]] * [[සාමය]] * [[සිංහල]] Sri lanka largest sector is textils ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== : *[http://www.gov.lk ශ්‍රී ලංකා රජය] *[http://www.divaina.com දිවයින] *[http://www.theacademic.org ලංකා අැකඩමික්(English)] *[http://www.infolanka.com ඉන්ෙෆා ලංකා(English)] *[http://www.lankanews.com ලංකානිවුස්.com] *[http://www.kaputa.com කපුටා වෙබ්] *[http://www.malkoha.com සිංහල ගීත(සින්දු)] [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා]] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} [[ar:سريلانكا]] [[bg:Шри Ланка]] [[bn:শ্রীলংকা]] [[ca:Sri Lanka]] [[cs:Srí Lanka]] [[da:Sri Lanka]] [[de:Sri Lanka]] [[en:Sri Lanka]] [[eo:Sri-Lanko]] [[es:Sri Lanka]] [[et:Sri Lanka]] [[fa:سری لانکا]] [[fi:Sri Lanka]] [[fr:Sri Lanka]] [[gd:Sri Lanka]] [[gl:Sri Lanka - Sri Lankā]] [[he:סרי לנקה]] [[hi:श्रीलंका]] [[hr:Šri Lanka]] [[hu:Srí Lanka]] [[id:Sri Lanka]] [[io:Sri Lanka]] [[is:Srí Lanka]] [[it:Sri Lanka]] [[ja:スリランカ]] [[kn:ಶ್ರೀಲ೦ಕಾ]] [[ko:스리랑카]] [[li:Sri Lanka]] [[lt:Šri Lanka]] [[ml:ശ്രീലങ്ക]] [[ms:Sri Lanka]] [[nds:Sri Lanka]] [[nl:Sri Lanka]] [[nn:Sri Lanka]] [[no:Sri Lanka]] [[os:Шри-Ланка]] [[pl:Sri Lanka]] [[pt:Sri Lanka]] [[ro:Sri Lanka]] [[ru:Шри-Ланка]] [[sa:श्रीलङ्का]] [[scn:Sri Lanka]] [[sk:Srí Lanka]] [[sl:Šrilanka]] [[sr:Шри Ланка]] [[sv:Sri Lanka]] [[ta:இலங்கை]] [[th:ประเทศศรีลังกา]] [[tl:Sri Lanka]] [[tr:Sri Lanka]] [[uk:Шрі-Ланка]] [[zh:斯里蘭卡]] [[zh-min-nan:Sri Lanka]] 4858 2006-02-12T04:18:35Z Chathurank 58 ==හැඳින්වීම== [[Image:Sri_lanka_flag_large.png|thumb|200px|right|ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජාතික ධජය]] ඉන්දියන් සාගරයේ මුතු ඇටය නමින් විරුදාවලිය ලත් ශ්‍රී ලංකාව, ආසියා මහද්වීපයට අයත් කුඩා දූපතකී. එය ඉංදියාවට පහලින් දකුණු පසට වන්නට පිහිටා ඇත. එහි සම්පූර්ණ ප්රිමාණය වර්ග කිලෝමීටර 65610 කි. ශ්රී ලංකාවේ අග නගරය "ශ්රී ජයවර්ධනපුර කෝට්ටේ" වේ. "ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්තික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය" එහි නිලනාමය වෙයි. අවුරුදු 2500 කටත් වඩා වැඩි පෞඩ ඉතිහාසයකට උරුමකම් කියන ශ්‍රී ලංකා ඉතිහාසය, ක්‍රි.පූ 6 සියවසේ විජය කුමරුගේ ආගමනයත් සමග ආරම්භ වූ බැව් කියැවේ.ප්‍රථම රාජධනිය ලෙස අනුරාධපුරත්, රාජ්‍ය පරපුරේ අවසානය මහනුවර නගරයෙනුත් අවසාන විය. වර්ශ 1505 දී පරංගි(Portugal) යටත් විජිතයක්වූ ලංකාව පසුව ඕලන්ද(Dutch) හා ඉංග්රීසි(British) අධිරාජ්‍යවාදීනට යටත්ව අවසානෙය් වර්ශ 1948 පසු නිදහස් රාජ්‍යක් බවට පත්විය. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ වානිජ අග නගරය වන්නේ කොළඹ නගරයයි. ප්‍රධාන පලාත් 9 කින් සහ දිස්‌තික්‌ක 25 කින්ද සමංවිත වේ. සිංහල, දමිල,මුස්‌ලිම්, බර්ගර් ආදී ජාතින් ජීවත් වන ලක්‌බිමේ ප්‍රධාන ආගම් ලෙස බෞද්ධ , හින්ඳු, ක්‍රිස්‌තියානි හා ඉස්ලාම් ආගම් අදහන පිරිසකින් හෙබිය. වර්තමානය කෙස් වුවත් ශ්‍රි ලංකාවෙහි ප්‍රධාන කර්මාන්තය වන්නේ වී ‍ගොවිතැනය. == ශ්රී ලංකා ජාතික ගීය == ශ්රී ලංකා මාතා ෴ අප ශ්රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ සුන්දර සිරිබරිනි සුරැඳි අති සෝබමාන ලංකා ෴ ධාන්‍ය ධනය නෙක මල් පලතුරු පිරි ජය භුමිය රම්‍යා ෴ අප හට සැප සිරි සෙත සදනා ජීවනයේ මාතා ෴ පිළිගනු මැන අප භක්තී පූජා ෴ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ අප ශ්රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ ඔබ වේ අප විද්‍යා ෴ ඔබ මය අප සත්‍යා ෴ ඔබ වේ අප ශක්ති ෴ අප හද තුළ භක්ති ෴ ඔබ අප ආලෝකේ ෴ අපගේ අනුප්රාණේ ෴ඔබ අප ජීවන වේ ෴ අප මුක්තිය ඔබ වේ ෴ නව ජීවන දෙමිනේ නිතින අප පුබුදු කරන් මාතා ෴ ඥාන වීර්ය වඩවමින රැගෙන යනු මැන ජයභූමී කරා ෴ එක මවකගේ දරුකැල බැවිනා යමු යමු වී නොපමා෴ප්රේම වඩා සැම හේද දුරැර දා නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ අප ශ්රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා..... ==මේවාත් බලන්න== * [[:en:Sri Lanka|ඉංග්රීසි පිටුව]] : * [[ෙකාළඹ]] * [[සාමය]] * [[සිංහල]] Sri lanka largest sector is textils ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== : *[http://www.gov.lk ශ්‍රී ලංකා රජය] *[http://www.divaina.com දිවයින] *[http://www.theacademic.org ලංකා අැකඩමික්(English)] *[http://www.infolanka.com ඉන්ෙෆා ලංකා(English)] *[http://www.lankanews.com ලංකානිවුස්.com] *[http://www.kaputa.com කපුටා වෙබ්] *[http://www.malkoha.com සිංහල ගීත(සින්දු)] [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා]] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} [[ar:سريلانكا]] [[bg:Шри Ланка]] [[bn:শ্রীলংকা]] [[ca:Sri Lanka]] [[cs:Srí Lanka]] [[da:Sri Lanka]] [[de:Sri Lanka]] [[en:Sri Lanka]] [[eo:Sri-Lanko]] [[es:Sri Lanka]] [[et:Sri Lanka]] [[fa:سری لانکا]] [[fi:Sri Lanka]] [[fr:Sri Lanka]] [[gd:Sri Lanka]] [[gl:Sri Lanka - Sri Lankā]] [[he:סרי לנקה]] [[hi:श्रीलंका]] [[hr:Šri Lanka]] [[hu:Srí Lanka]] [[id:Sri Lanka]] [[io:Sri Lanka]] [[is:Srí Lanka]] [[it:Sri Lanka]] [[ja:スリランカ]] [[kn:ಶ್ರೀಲ೦ಕಾ]] [[ko:스리랑카]] [[li:Sri Lanka]] [[lt:Šri Lanka]] [[ml:ശ്രീലങ്ക]] [[ms:Sri Lanka]] [[nds:Sri Lanka]] [[nl:Sri Lanka]] [[nn:Sri Lanka]] [[no:Sri Lanka]] [[os:Шри-Ланка]] [[pl:Sri Lanka]] [[pt:Sri Lanka]] [[ro:Sri Lanka]] [[ru:Шри-Ланка]] [[sa:श्रीलङ्का]] [[scn:Sri Lanka]] [[sk:Srí Lanka]] [[sl:Šrilanka]] [[sr:Шри Ланка]] [[sv:Sri Lanka]] [[ta:இலங்கை]] [[th:ประเทศศรีลังกา]] [[tl:Sri Lanka]] [[tr:Sri Lanka]] [[uk:Шрі-Ланка]] [[zh:斯里蘭卡]] [[zh-min-nan:Sri Lanka]] 4862 2006-02-17T13:01:03Z කෙසර 60 ==හැඳින්වීම== [[Image:Sri_lanka_flag_large.png|thumb|200px|right|ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජාතික ධජය]] ඉන්දියන් සාගරයේ මුතු ඇටය නමින් විරුදාවලිය ලත් ශ්‍රී ලංකාව, ආසියා මහද්වීපයට අයත් කුඩා දූපතකී. එය ඉංදියාවට පහලින් දකුණු පසට වන්නට පිහිටා ඇත. එහි සම්පූර්ණ ප්රිමාණය වර්ග කිලෝමීටර 65610 කි. ශ්රී ලංකාවේ අග නගරය "ශ්රී ජයවර්ධනපුර කෝට්ටේ" වේ. "ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්තික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය" එහි නිලනාමය වෙයි. අවුරුදු 2500 කටත් වඩා වැඩි පෞඩ ඉතිහාසයකට උරුමකම් කියන ශ්‍රී ලංකා ඉතිහාසය, ක්‍රි.පූ 6 සියවසේ විජය කුමරුගේ ආගමනයත් සමග ආරම්භ වූ බැව් කියැවේ.ප්‍රථම රාජධනිය ලෙස අනුරාධපුරත්, රාජ්‍ය පරපුරේ අවසානය මහනුවර නගරයෙනුත් අවසාන විය. වර්ශ 1505 දී පරංගි(Portugal) යටත් විජිතයක්වූ ලංකාව පසුව ඕලන්ද(Dutch) හා ඉංග්රීසි(British) අධිරාජ්‍යවාදීනට යටත්ව අවසානෙය් වර්ශ 1948 පසු නිදහස් රාජ්‍යක් බවට පත්විය. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ වානිජ අග නගරය වන්නේ කොළඹ නගරයයි. ප්‍රධාන පලාත් 9 කින් සහ දිස්‌තික්‌ක 25 කින්ද සමංවිත වේ. සිංහල, දමිල,මුස්‌ලිම්, බර්ගර් ආදී ජාතින් ජීවත් වන ලක්‌බිමේ ප්‍රධාන ආගම් ලෙස බෞද්ධ , හින්ඳු, ක්‍රිස්‌තියානි හා ඉස්ලාම් ආගම් අදහන පිරිසකින් හෙබිය. වර්තමානය කෙස් වුවත් ශ්‍රි ලංකාවෙහි ප්‍රධාන කර්මාන්තය වන්නේ වී ‍ගොවිතැනය. == ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජාතික ගීය == ශ්‍රී ලංකා මාතා ෴ අප ශ්‍රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ සුන්දර සිරිබරිනි සුරැඳි අති සෝබමාන ලංකා ෴ ධාන්‍ය ධනය නෙක මල් පලතුරු පිරි ජය භුමිය රම්‍යා ෴ අප හට සැප සිරි සෙත සදනා ජීවනයේ මාතා ෴ පිළිගනු මැන අප භක්තී පූජා ෴ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ අප ශ්රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ ඔබ වේ අප විද්‍යා ෴ ඔබ මය අප සත්‍යා ෴ ඔබ වේ අප ශක්ති ෴ අප හද තුළ භක්ති ෴ ඔබ අප ආලෝකේ ෴ අපගේ අනුප්රාණේ ෴ඔබ අප ජීවන වේ ෴ අප මුක්තිය ඔබ වේ ෴ නව ජීවන දෙමිනේ නිතින අප පුබුදු කරන් මාතා ෴ ඥාන වීර්ය වඩවමින රැගෙන යනු මැන ජයභූමී කරා ෴ එක මවකගේ දරුකැල බැවිනා යමු යමු වී නොපමා෴ප්රේම වඩා සැම හේද දුරැර දා නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ අප ශ්‍රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා..... ==මේවාත් බලන්න== * [[:en:Sri Lanka|ඉංග්රීසි පිටුව]] : * [[ෙකාළඹ]] * [[සාමය]] * [[සිංහල]] Sri lanka largest sector is textils ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== : *[http://www.gov.lk ශ්‍රී ලංකා රජය] *[http://www.divaina.com දිවයින] *[http://www.theacademic.org ලංකා අැකඩමික්(English)] *[http://www.infolanka.com ඉන්ෙෆා ලංකා(English)] *[http://www.lankanews.com ලංකානිවුස්.com] *[http://www.kaputa.com කපුටා වෙබ්] *[http://www.malkoha.com සිංහල ගීත(සින්දු)] [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා]] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} [[ar:سريلانكا]] [[bg:Шри Ланка]] [[bn:শ্রীলংকা]] [[ca:Sri Lanka]] [[cs:Srí Lanka]] [[da:Sri Lanka]] [[de:Sri Lanka]] [[en:Sri Lanka]] [[eo:Sri-Lanko]] [[es:Sri Lanka]] [[et:Sri Lanka]] [[fa:سری لانکا]] [[fi:Sri Lanka]] [[fr:Sri Lanka]] [[gd:Sri Lanka]] [[gl:Sri Lanka - Sri Lankā]] [[he:סרי לנקה]] [[hi:श्रीलंका]] [[hr:Šri Lanka]] [[hu:Srí Lanka]] [[id:Sri Lanka]] [[io:Sri Lanka]] [[is:Srí Lanka]] [[it:Sri Lanka]] [[ja:スリランカ]] [[kn:ಶ್ರೀಲ೦ಕಾ]] [[ko:스리랑카]] [[li:Sri Lanka]] [[lt:Šri Lanka]] [[ml:ശ്രീലങ്ക]] [[ms:Sri Lanka]] [[nds:Sri Lanka]] [[nl:Sri Lanka]] [[nn:Sri Lanka]] [[no:Sri Lanka]] [[os:Шри-Ланка]] [[pl:Sri Lanka]] [[pt:Sri Lanka]] [[ro:Sri Lanka]] [[ru:Шри-Ланка]] [[sa:श्रीलङ्का]] [[scn:Sri Lanka]] [[sk:Srí Lanka]] [[sl:Šrilanka]] [[sr:Шри Ланка]] [[sv:Sri Lanka]] [[ta:இலங்கை]] [[th:ประเทศศรีลังกา]] [[tl:Sri Lanka]] [[tr:Sri Lanka]] [[uk:Шрі-Ланка]] [[zh:斯里蘭卡]] [[zh-min-nan:Sri Lanka]] 4931 2006-03-02T05:14:57Z 222.165.180.46 ==හැඳින්වීම== [[Image:Sri_lanka_flag_large.png|thumb|200px|right|ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජාතික ධජය]] ඉන්දියන් සාගරයේ මුතු ඇටය නමින් විරුදාවලිය ලත් ශ්‍රී ලංකාව, ආසියා මහද්වීපයට අයත් කුඩා දූපතකී. එය ඉංදියාවට පහලින් දකුණු පසට වන්නට පිහිටා ඇත. එහි සම්පූර්ණ ප්රිමාණය වර්ග කිලෝමීටර 65610 කි. ශ්රී ලංකාවේ අග නගරය "ශ්රී ජයවර්ධනපුර කෝට්ටේ" වේ. "ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්තික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය" එහි නිලනාමය වෙයි. අවුරුදු 2500 කටත් වඩා වැඩි පෞඩ ඉතිහාසයකට උරුමකම් කියන ශ්‍රී ලංකා ඉතිහාසය, ක්‍රි.පූ 6 සියවසේ විජය කුමරුගේ ආගමනයත් සමග ආරම්භ වූ බැව් කියැවේ.ප්‍රථම රාජධනිය ලෙස අනුරාධපුරත්, රාජ්‍ය පරපුරේ අවසානය මහනුවර නගරයෙනුත් අවසාන විය. වර්ශ 1505 දී පරංගි(Portugal) යටත් විජිතයක්වූ ලංකාව පසුව ඕලන්ද(Dutch) හා ඉංග්රීසි(British) අධිරාජ්‍යවාදීනට යටත්ව අවසානෙය් වර්ශ 1948 පසු නිදහස් රාජ්‍යක් බවට පත්විය. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ වානිජ අග නගරය වන්නේ කොළඹ නගරයයි. ප්‍රධාන පලාත් 9 කින් සහ දිස්‌තික්‌ක 25 කින්ද සමංවිත වේ. සිංහල, දමිල,මුස්‌ලිම්, බර්ගර් ආදී ජාතින් ජීවත් වන ලක්‌බිමේ ප්‍රධාන ආගම් ලෙස බෞද්ධ , හින්ඳු, ක්‍රිස්‌තියානි හා ඉස්ලාම් ආගම් අදහන පිරිසකින් හෙබිය. වර්තමානය කෙස් වුවත් ශ්‍රි ලංකාවෙහි ප්‍රධාන කර්මාන්තය වන්නේ වී ‍ගොවිතැනය. == ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජාතික ගීය == ශ්‍රී ලංකා මාතා ෴ අප ශ්‍රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ සුන්දර සිරිබරිනි සුරැඳි අති සෝබමාන ලංකා ෴ ධාන්‍ය ධනය නෙක මල් පලතුරු පිරි ජය භුමිය රම්‍යා ෴ අප හට සැප සිරි සෙත සදනා ජීවනයේ මාතා ෴ පිළිගනු මැන අප භක්තී පූජා ෴ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ අප ශ්රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ ඔබ වේ අප විද්‍යා ෴ ඔබ මය අප සත්‍යා ෴ ඔබ වේ අප ශක්ති ෴ අප හද තුළ භක්ති ෴ ඔබ අප ආලෝකේ ෴ අපගේ අනුප්රාණේ ෴ඔබ අප ජීවන වේ ෴ අප මුක්තිය ඔබ වේ ෴ නව ජීවන දෙමිනේ නිතින අප පුබුදු කරන් මාතා ෴ ඥාන වීර්ය වඩවමින රැගෙන යනු මැන ජයභූමී කරා ෴ එක මවකගේ දරුකැල බැවිනා යමු යමු වී නොපමා෴ප්රේම වඩා සැම හේද දුරැර දා නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ අප ශ්‍රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා..... ==මේවාත් බලන්න== * [[:en:Sri Lanka|ඉංග්රීසි පිටුව]] : * [[ෙකාළඹ]] * [[සාමය]] * [[සිංහල]] Sri lanka largest sector is textils ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== : *[http://www.gov.lk ශ්‍රී ලංකා රජය] *[http://www.divaina.com දිවයින] *[http://www.theacademic.org ලංකා අැකඩමික්(English)] *[http://www.infolanka.com ඉන්ෙෆා ලංකා(English)] *[http://www.lankanews.com ලංකානිවුස්.com] *[http://www.kaputa.com කපුටා වෙබ්] *[http://www.malkoha.com සිංහල ගීත(සින්දු)] *[http://groups.google.lk/group/Sinhala-Unicode] [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා]] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} [[ar:سريلانكا]] [[bg:Шри Ланка]] [[bn:শ্রীলংকা]] [[ca:Sri Lanka]] [[cs:Srí Lanka]] [[da:Sri Lanka]] [[de:Sri Lanka]] [[en:Sri Lanka]] [[eo:Sri-Lanko]] [[es:Sri Lanka]] [[et:Sri Lanka]] [[fa:سری لانکا]] [[fi:Sri Lanka]] [[fr:Sri Lanka]] [[gd:Sri Lanka]] [[gl:Sri Lanka - Sri Lankā]] [[he:סרי לנקה]] [[hi:श्रीलंका]] [[hr:Šri Lanka]] [[hu:Srí Lanka]] [[id:Sri Lanka]] [[io:Sri Lanka]] [[is:Srí Lanka]] [[it:Sri Lanka]] [[ja:スリランカ]] [[kn:ಶ್ರೀಲ೦ಕಾ]] [[ko:스리랑카]] [[li:Sri Lanka]] [[lt:Šri Lanka]] [[ml:ശ്രീലങ്ക]] [[ms:Sri Lanka]] [[nds:Sri Lanka]] [[nl:Sri Lanka]] [[nn:Sri Lanka]] [[no:Sri Lanka]] [[os:Шри-Ланка]] [[pl:Sri Lanka]] [[pt:Sri Lanka]] [[ro:Sri Lanka]] [[ru:Шри-Ланка]] [[sa:श्रीलङ्का]] [[scn:Sri Lanka]] [[sk:Srí Lanka]] [[sl:Šrilanka]] [[sr:Шри Ланка]] [[sv:Sri Lanka]] [[ta:இலங்கை]] [[th:ประเทศศรีลังกา]] [[tl:Sri Lanka]] [[tr:Sri Lanka]] [[uk:Шрі-Ланка]] [[zh:斯里蘭卡]] [[zh-min-nan:Sri Lanka]] 4953 2006-03-24T08:00:38Z Dasun 70 ==හැඳින්වීම== [[Image:Sri_lanka_flag_large.png|thumb|200px|right|ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජාතික ධජය]] ඉන්දියන් සාගරයේ මුතු ඇටය නමින් විරුදාවලිය ලත් ශ්‍රී ලංකාව, ආසියා මහද්වීපයට අයත් කුඩා දූපතකී. එය ඉංදියාවට පහලින් දකුණු පසට වන්නට පිහිටා ඇත. එහි සම්පූර්ණ ප්රිමාණය වර්ග කිලෝමීටර 65610 කි. ශ්රී ලංකාවේ අග නගරය "ශ්රී ජයවර්ධනපුර කෝට්ටේ" වේ. "ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්තික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය" එහි නිලනාමය වෙයි. අවුරුදු 2500 කටත් වඩා වැඩි පෞඩ ඉතිහාසයකට උරුමකම් කියන ශ්‍රී ලංකා ඉතිහාසය, ක්‍රි.පූ 6 සියවසේ විජය කුමරුගේ ආගමනයත් සමග ආරම්භ වූ බැව් කියැවේ.ප්‍රථම රාජධනිය ලෙස අනුරාධපුරත්, රාජ්‍ය පරපුරේ අවසානය මහනුවර නගරයෙනුත් අවසාන විය. වර්ශ 1505 දී පරංගි(Portugal) යටත් විජිතයක්වූ ලංකාව පසුව ඕලන්ද(Dutch) හා ඉංග්රීසි(British) අධිරාජ්‍යවාදීනට යටත්ව අවසානෙය් වර්ශ 1948 පසු නිදහස් රාජ්‍යක් බවට පත්විය. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ වානිජ අග නගරය වන්නේ කොළඹ නගරයයි. ප්‍රධාන පලාත් 9 කින් සහ දිස්‌තික්‌ක 25 කින්ද සමංවිත වේ. සිංහල, දමිල,මුස්‌ලිම්, බර්ගර් ආදී ජාතින් ජීවත් වන ලක්‌බිමේ ප්‍රධාන ආගම් ලෙස බෞද්ධ , හින්ඳු, ක්‍රිස්‌තියානි හා ඉස්ලාම් ආගම් අදහන පිරිසකින් හෙබිය. වර්තමානය කෙස් වුවත් ශ්‍රි ලංකාවෙහි ප්‍රධාන කර්මාන්තය වන්නේ වී ‍ගොවිතැනය. == ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජාතික ගීය == ශ්‍රී ලංකා මාතා ෴ අප ශ්‍රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ සුන්දර සිරිබරිනි සුරැඳි අති සෝබමාන ලංකා ෴ ධාන්‍ය ධනය නෙක මල් පලතුරු පිරි ජය භුමිය රම්‍යා ෴ අප හට සැප සිරි සෙත සදනා ජීවනයේ මාතා ෴ පිළිගනු මැන අප භක්තී පූජා ෴ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ අප ශ්‍රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ ඔබ වේ අප විද්‍යා ෴ ඔබ මය අප සත්‍යා ෴ ඔබ වේ අප ශක්ති ෴ අප හද තුළ භක්ති ෴ ඔබ අප ආලෝකේ ෴ අපගේ අනුප්රාණේ ෴ ඔබ අප ජීවන වේ ෴ අප මුක්තිය ඔබ වේ ෴ නව ජීවන දෙමිනේ නිතින අප පුබුදු කරන් මාතා ෴ ඥාන වීර්ය වඩවමින රැගෙන යනු මැන ජයභූමී කරා ෴ එක මවකගේ දරුකැල බැවිනා යමු යමු වී නොපමා෴ ප්‍රේම වඩා සැම හේද දුරැර දා නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ අප ශ්‍රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා..... ==මේවාත් බලන්න== * [[:en:Sri Lanka|ඉංග්රීසි පිටුව]] : * [[ෙකාළඹ]] * [[සාමය]] * [[සිංහල]] Sri lanka largest sector is textils ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== : *[http://www.gov.lk ශ්‍රී ලංකා රජය] *[http://www.divaina.com දිවයින] *[http://www.theacademic.org ලංකා අැකඩමික්(English)] *[http://www.infolanka.com ඉන්ෙෆා ලංකා(English)] *[http://www.lankanews.com ලංකානිවුස්.com] *[http://www.kaputa.com කපුටා වෙබ්] *[http://www.malkoha.com සිංහල ගීත(සින්දු)] *[http://groups.google.lk/group/Sinhala-Unicode] [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා]] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} [[ar:سريلانكا]] [[bg:Шри Ланка]] [[bn:শ্রীলংকা]] [[ca:Sri Lanka]] [[cs:Srí Lanka]] [[da:Sri Lanka]] [[de:Sri Lanka]] [[en:Sri Lanka]] [[eo:Sri-Lanko]] [[es:Sri Lanka]] [[et:Sri Lanka]] [[fa:سری لانکا]] [[fi:Sri Lanka]] [[fr:Sri Lanka]] [[gd:Sri Lanka]] [[gl:Sri Lanka - Sri Lankā]] [[he:סרי לנקה]] [[hi:श्रीलंका]] [[hr:Šri Lanka]] [[hu:Srí Lanka]] [[id:Sri Lanka]] [[io:Sri Lanka]] [[is:Srí Lanka]] [[it:Sri Lanka]] [[ja:スリランカ]] [[kn:ಶ್ರೀಲ೦ಕಾ]] [[ko:스리랑카]] [[li:Sri Lanka]] [[lt:Šri Lanka]] [[ml:ശ്രീലങ്ക]] [[ms:Sri Lanka]] [[nds:Sri Lanka]] [[nl:Sri Lanka]] [[nn:Sri Lanka]] [[no:Sri Lanka]] [[os:Шри-Ланка]] [[pl:Sri Lanka]] [[pt:Sri Lanka]] [[ro:Sri Lanka]] [[ru:Шри-Ланка]] [[sa:श्रीलङ्का]] [[scn:Sri Lanka]] [[sk:Srí Lanka]] [[sl:Šrilanka]] [[sr:Шри Ланка]] [[sv:Sri Lanka]] [[ta:இலங்கை]] [[th:ประเทศศรีลังกา]] [[tl:Sri Lanka]] [[tr:Sri Lanka]] [[uk:Шрі-Ланка]] [[zh:斯里蘭卡]] [[zh-min-nan:Sri Lanka]] 4961 2006-03-24T08:19:17Z Mayooresan 56 /* ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජාතික ගීය */ ==හැඳින්වීම== [[Image:Sri_lanka_flag_large.png|thumb|200px|right|ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජාතික ධජය]] ඉන්දියන් සාගරයේ මුතු ඇටය නමින් විරුදාවලිය ලත් ශ්‍රී ලංකාව, ආසියා මහද්වීපයට අයත් කුඩා දූපතකී. එය ඉංදියාවට පහලින් දකුණු පසට වන්නට පිහිටා ඇත. එහි සම්පූර්ණ ප්රිමාණය වර්ග කිලෝමීටර 65610 කි. ශ්රී ලංකාවේ අග නගරය "ශ්රී ජයවර්ධනපුර කෝට්ටේ" වේ. "ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්තික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය" එහි නිලනාමය වෙයි. අවුරුදු 2500 කටත් වඩා වැඩි පෞඩ ඉතිහාසයකට උරුමකම් කියන ශ්‍රී ලංකා ඉතිහාසය, ක්‍රි.පූ 6 සියවසේ විජය කුමරුගේ ආගමනයත් සමග ආරම්භ වූ බැව් කියැවේ.ප්‍රථම රාජධනිය ලෙස අනුරාධපුරත්, රාජ්‍ය පරපුරේ අවසානය මහනුවර නගරයෙනුත් අවසාන විය. වර්ශ 1505 දී පරංගි(Portugal) යටත් විජිතයක්වූ ලංකාව පසුව ඕලන්ද(Dutch) හා ඉංග්රීසි(British) අධිරාජ්‍යවාදීනට යටත්ව අවසානෙය් වර්ශ 1948 පසු නිදහස් රාජ්‍යක් බවට පත්විය. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ වානිජ අග නගරය වන්නේ කොළඹ නගරයයි. ප්‍රධාන පලාත් 9 කින් සහ දිස්‌තික්‌ක 25 කින්ද සමංවිත වේ. සිංහල, දමිල,මුස්‌ලිම්, බර්ගර් ආදී ජාතින් ජීවත් වන ලක්‌බිමේ ප්‍රධාන ආගම් ලෙස බෞද්ධ , හින්ඳු, ක්‍රිස්‌තියානි හා ඉස්ලාම් ආගම් අදහන පිරිසකින් හෙබිය. වර්තමානය කෙස් වුවත් ශ්‍රි ලංකාවෙහි ප්‍රධාන කර්මාන්තය වන්නේ වී ‍ගොවිතැනය. == ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජාතික ගීය == ශ්‍රී ලංකා මාතා ෴ අප ශ්‍රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ සුන්දර සිරිබරිනි සුරැඳි අති සෝබමාන ලංකා ෴ ධාන්‍ය ධනය නෙක මල් පලතුරු පිරි ජය භුමිය රම්‍යා ෴ අප හට සැප සිරි සෙත සදනා ජීවනයේ මාතා ෴ පිළිගනු මැන අප භක්තී පූජා ෴ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ අප ශ්‍රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ ඔබ වේ අප විද්‍යා ෴ ඔබ මය අප සත්‍යා ෴ ඔබ වේ අප ශක්ති ෴ අප හද තුළ භක්ති ෴ ඔබ අප ආලෝකේ ෴ අපගේ අනුප්රාණේ ෴ ඔබ අප ජීවන වේ ෴ අප මුක්තිය ඔබ වේ ෴ නව ජීවන දෙමිනේ නිතින අප පුබුදු කරන් මාතා ෴ ඥාන වීර්ය වඩවමින රැගෙන යනු මැන ජයභූමී කරා ෴ එක මවකගේ දරුකැල බැවිනා යමු යමු වී නොපමා෴ ප්‍රේම වඩා සැම හේද දුරැර දා නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ අප ශ්‍රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා..... ==මේවාත් බලන්න== * [[:en:Sri Lanka|ඉංග්රීසි පිටුව]] : * [[ෙකාළඹ]] * [[සාමය]] * [[සිංහල]] Sri lanka largest sector is textils ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== : *[http://www.gov.lk ශ්‍රී ලංකා රජය] *[http://www.divaina.com දිවයින] *[http://www.theacademic.org ලංකා අැකඩමික්(English)] *[http://www.infolanka.com ඉන්ෙෆා ලංකා(English)] *[http://www.lankanews.com ලංකානිවුස්.com] *[http://www.kaputa.com කපුටා වෙබ්] *[http://www.malkoha.com සිංහල ගීත(සින්දු)] *[http://groups.google.lk/group/Sinhala-Unicode] [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා]] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} [[ar:سريلانكا]] [[bg:Шри Ланка]] [[bn:শ্রীলংকা]] [[ca:Sri Lanka]] [[cs:Srí Lanka]] [[da:Sri Lanka]] [[de:Sri Lanka]] [[en:Sri Lanka]] [[eo:Sri-Lanko]] [[es:Sri Lanka]] [[et:Sri Lanka]] [[fa:سری لانکا]] [[fi:Sri Lanka]] [[fr:Sri Lanka]] [[gd:Sri Lanka]] [[gl:Sri Lanka - Sri Lankā]] [[he:סרי לנקה]] [[hi:श्रीलंका]] [[hr:Šri Lanka]] [[hu:Srí Lanka]] [[id:Sri Lanka]] [[io:Sri Lanka]] [[is:Srí Lanka]] [[it:Sri Lanka]] [[ja:スリランカ]] [[kn:ಶ್ರೀಲ೦ಕಾ]] [[ko:스리랑카]] [[li:Sri Lanka]] [[lt:Šri Lanka]] [[ml:ശ്രീലങ്ക]] [[ms:Sri Lanka]] [[nds:Sri Lanka]] [[nl:Sri Lanka]] [[nn:Sri Lanka]] [[no:Sri Lanka]] [[os:Шри-Ланка]] [[pl:Sri Lanka]] [[pt:Sri Lanka]] [[ro:Sri Lanka]] [[ru:Шри-Ланка]] [[sa:श्रीलङ्का]] [[scn:Sri Lanka]] [[sk:Srí Lanka]] [[sl:Šrilanka]] [[sr:Шри Ланка]] [[sv:Sri Lanka]] [[ta:இலங்கை]] [[th:ประเทศศรีลังกา]] [[tl:Sri Lanka]] [[tr:Sri Lanka]] [[uk:Шрі-Ланка]] [[zh:斯里蘭卡]] [[zh-min-nan:Sri Lanka]] 4963 2006-03-24T08:29:44Z Dasun 70 /* හැඳින්වීම */ ==හැඳින්වීම== [[Image:Sri_lanka_flag_large.png|thumb|200px|right|ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජාතික ධජය]] ඉන්දියන් සාගරයේ මුතු ඇටය නමින් විරුදාවලිය ලත් ශ්‍රී ලංකාව, ආසියා මහද්වීපයට අයත් කුඩා දූපතකී. එය ඉංදියාවට පහලින් දකුණු පසට වන්නට පිහිටා ඇත. එහි සම්පූර්ණ ප්‍රමාණය වර්ග කිලෝමීටර 65610 කි. ශ්රී ලංකාවේ අග නගරය "ශ්‍රී ජයවර්ධනපුර කෝට්ටේ" වේ. "ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්තික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය" එහි නිලනාමය වෙයි. අවුරුදු 2500 කටත් වඩා වැඩි පෞඩ ඉතිහාසයකට උරුමකම් කියන ශ්‍රී ලංකා ඉතිහාසය, ක්‍රි.පූ 6 සියවසේ විජය කුමරුගේ ආගමනයත් සමග ආරම්භ වූ බැව් කියැවේ.ප්‍රථම රාජධනිය ලෙස අනුරාධපුරත්, රාජ්‍ය පරපුරේ අවසානය මහනුවර නගරයෙනුත් අවසාන විය. විජය කුමරුගේ පැමිණිමටත් පෙර සිටම ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ මිනිසුන් ජිවත්වී තිබේ. විජය කුමරුගේ පැමිණීම සිදුවන විට කුවේණි කපු කටිමින් සිටි බව මහාවන්ශයේ සදහන් වී ඇත. තවද ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ විසු පුබල රජ කෙනෙකු වන රාවණ රජු ද විජය කුමරු පැමීණීමට පෙර ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ රජ කල අයෙකි. වර්ශ 1505 දී පරංගි(Portugal) යටත් විජිතයක්වූ ලංකාව පසුව ඕලන්ද(Dutch) හා ඉංග්රීසි(British) අධිරාජ්‍යවාදීනට යටත්ව අවසානෙය් වර්ශ 1948 පසු නිදහස් රාජ්‍යක් බවට පත්විය. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ වානිජ අග නගරය වන්නේ කොළඹ නගරයයි. ප්‍රධාන පලාත් 9 කින් සහ දිස්‌තික්‌ක 25 කින්ද සමංවිත වේ. සිංහල, දමිල,මුස්‌ලිම්, බර්ගර් ආදී ජාතින් ජීවත් වන ලක්‌බිමේ ප්‍රධාන ආගම් ලෙස බෞද්ධ , හින්ඳු, ක්‍රිස්‌තියානි හා ඉස්ලාම් ආගම් අදහන පිරිසකින් හෙබිය. වර්තමානය කෙස් වුවත් ශ්‍රි ලංකාවෙහි ප්‍රධාන කර්මාන්තය වන්නේ වී ‍ගොවිතැනය. == ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජාතික ගීය == ශ්‍රී ලංකා මාතා ෴ අප ශ්‍රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ සුන්දර සිරිබරිනි සුරැඳි අති සෝබමාන ලංකා ෴ ධාන්‍ය ධනය නෙක මල් පලතුරු පිරි ජය භුමිය රම්‍යා ෴ අප හට සැප සිරි සෙත සදනා ජීවනයේ මාතා ෴ පිළිගනු මැන අප භක්තී පූජා ෴ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ අප ශ්‍රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ ඔබ වේ අප විද්‍යා ෴ ඔබ මය අප සත්‍යා ෴ ඔබ වේ අප ශක්ති ෴ අප හද තුළ භක්ති ෴ ඔබ අප ආලෝකේ ෴ අපගේ අනුප්රාණේ ෴ ඔබ අප ජීවන වේ ෴ අප මුක්තිය ඔබ වේ ෴ නව ජීවන දෙමිනේ නිතින අප පුබුදු කරන් මාතා ෴ ඥාන වීර්ය වඩවමින රැගෙන යනු මැන ජයභූමී කරා ෴ එක මවකගේ දරුකැල බැවිනා යමු යමු වී නොපමා෴ ප්‍රේම වඩා සැම හේද දුරැර දා නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ අප ශ්‍රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා..... ==මේවාත් බලන්න== * [[:en:Sri Lanka|ඉංග්රීසි පිටුව]] : * [[ෙකාළඹ]] * [[සාමය]] * [[සිංහල]] Sri lanka largest sector is textils ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== : *[http://www.gov.lk ශ්‍රී ලංකා රජය] *[http://www.divaina.com දිවයින] *[http://www.theacademic.org ලංකා අැකඩමික්(English)] *[http://www.infolanka.com ඉන්ෙෆා ලංකා(English)] *[http://www.lankanews.com ලංකානිවුස්.com] *[http://www.kaputa.com කපුටා වෙබ්] *[http://www.malkoha.com සිංහල ගීත(සින්දු)] *[http://groups.google.lk/group/Sinhala-Unicode] [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා]] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} [[ar:سريلانكا]] [[bg:Шри Ланка]] [[bn:শ্রীলংকা]] [[ca:Sri Lanka]] [[cs:Srí Lanka]] [[da:Sri Lanka]] [[de:Sri Lanka]] [[en:Sri Lanka]] [[eo:Sri-Lanko]] [[es:Sri Lanka]] [[et:Sri Lanka]] [[fa:سری لانکا]] [[fi:Sri Lanka]] [[fr:Sri Lanka]] [[gd:Sri Lanka]] [[gl:Sri Lanka - Sri Lankā]] [[he:סרי לנקה]] [[hi:श्रीलंका]] [[hr:Šri Lanka]] [[hu:Srí Lanka]] [[id:Sri Lanka]] [[io:Sri Lanka]] [[is:Srí Lanka]] [[it:Sri Lanka]] [[ja:スリランカ]] [[kn:ಶ್ರೀಲ೦ಕಾ]] [[ko:스리랑카]] [[li:Sri Lanka]] [[lt:Šri Lanka]] [[ml:ശ്രീലങ്ക]] [[ms:Sri Lanka]] [[nds:Sri Lanka]] [[nl:Sri Lanka]] [[nn:Sri Lanka]] [[no:Sri Lanka]] [[os:Шри-Ланка]] [[pl:Sri Lanka]] [[pt:Sri Lanka]] [[ro:Sri Lanka]] [[ru:Шри-Ланка]] [[sa:श्रीलङ्का]] [[scn:Sri Lanka]] [[sk:Srí Lanka]] [[sl:Šrilanka]] [[sr:Шри Ланка]] [[sv:Sri Lanka]] [[ta:இலங்கை]] [[th:ประเทศศรีลังกา]] [[tl:Sri Lanka]] [[tr:Sri Lanka]] [[uk:Шрі-Ланка]] [[zh:斯里蘭卡]] [[zh-min-nan:Sri Lanka]] 4974 2006-03-24T08:59:39Z Mayooresan 56 /* මේවාත් බලන්න */ ==හැඳින්වීම== [[Image:Sri_lanka_flag_large.png|thumb|200px|right|ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජාතික ධජය]] ඉන්දියන් සාගරයේ මුතු ඇටය නමින් විරුදාවලිය ලත් ශ්‍රී ලංකාව, ආසියා මහද්වීපයට අයත් කුඩා දූපතකී. එය ඉංදියාවට පහලින් දකුණු පසට වන්නට පිහිටා ඇත. එහි සම්පූර්ණ ප්‍රමාණය වර්ග කිලෝමීටර 65610 කි. ශ්රී ලංකාවේ අග නගරය "ශ්‍රී ජයවර්ධනපුර කෝට්ටේ" වේ. "ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්තික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය" එහි නිලනාමය වෙයි. අවුරුදු 2500 කටත් වඩා වැඩි පෞඩ ඉතිහාසයකට උරුමකම් කියන ශ්‍රී ලංකා ඉතිහාසය, ක්‍රි.පූ 6 සියවසේ විජය කුමරුගේ ආගමනයත් සමග ආරම්භ වූ බැව් කියැවේ.ප්‍රථම රාජධනිය ලෙස අනුරාධපුරත්, රාජ්‍ය පරපුරේ අවසානය මහනුවර නගරයෙනුත් අවසාන විය. විජය කුමරුගේ පැමිණිමටත් පෙර සිටම ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ මිනිසුන් ජිවත්වී තිබේ. විජය කුමරුගේ පැමිණීම සිදුවන විට කුවේණි කපු කටිමින් සිටි බව මහාවන්ශයේ සදහන් වී ඇත. තවද ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ විසු පුබල රජ කෙනෙකු වන රාවණ රජු ද විජය කුමරු පැමීණීමට පෙර ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ රජ කල අයෙකි. වර්ශ 1505 දී පරංගි(Portugal) යටත් විජිතයක්වූ ලංකාව පසුව ඕලන්ද(Dutch) හා ඉංග්රීසි(British) අධිරාජ්‍යවාදීනට යටත්ව අවසානෙය් වර්ශ 1948 පසු නිදහස් රාජ්‍යක් බවට පත්විය. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ වානිජ අග නගරය වන්නේ කොළඹ නගරයයි. ප්‍රධාන පලාත් 9 කින් සහ දිස්‌තික්‌ක 25 කින්ද සමංවිත වේ. සිංහල, දමිල,මුස්‌ලිම්, බර්ගර් ආදී ජාතින් ජීවත් වන ලක්‌බිමේ ප්‍රධාන ආගම් ලෙස බෞද්ධ , හින්ඳු, ක්‍රිස්‌තියානි හා ඉස්ලාම් ආගම් අදහන පිරිසකින් හෙබිය. වර්තමානය කෙස් වුවත් ශ්‍රි ලංකාවෙහි ප්‍රධාන කර්මාන්තය වන්නේ වී ‍ගොවිතැනය. == ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජාතික ගීය == ශ්‍රී ලංකා මාතා ෴ අප ශ්‍රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ සුන්දර සිරිබරිනි සුරැඳි අති සෝබමාන ලංකා ෴ ධාන්‍ය ධනය නෙක මල් පලතුරු පිරි ජය භුමිය රම්‍යා ෴ අප හට සැප සිරි සෙත සදනා ජීවනයේ මාතා ෴ පිළිගනු මැන අප භක්තී පූජා ෴ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ අප ශ්‍රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ ඔබ වේ අප විද්‍යා ෴ ඔබ මය අප සත්‍යා ෴ ඔබ වේ අප ශක්ති ෴ අප හද තුළ භක්ති ෴ ඔබ අප ආලෝකේ ෴ අපගේ අනුප්රාණේ ෴ ඔබ අප ජීවන වේ ෴ අප මුක්තිය ඔබ වේ ෴ නව ජීවන දෙමිනේ නිතින අප පුබුදු කරන් මාතා ෴ ඥාන වීර්ය වඩවමින රැගෙන යනු මැන ජයභූමී කරා ෴ එක මවකගේ දරුකැල බැවිනා යමු යමු වී නොපමා෴ ප්‍රේම වඩා සැම හේද දුරැර දා නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ අප ශ්‍රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා..... ==මේවාත් බලන්න== * [[ෙකාළඹ]] * [[සාමය]] * [[සිංහල]] Sri lanka largest sector is textils ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== : *[http://www.gov.lk ශ්‍රී ලංකා රජය] *[http://www.divaina.com දිවයින] *[http://www.theacademic.org ලංකා අැකඩමික්(English)] *[http://www.infolanka.com ඉන්ෙෆා ලංකා(English)] *[http://www.lankanews.com ලංකානිවුස්.com] *[http://www.kaputa.com කපුටා වෙබ්] *[http://www.malkoha.com සිංහල ගීත(සින්දු)] *[http://groups.google.lk/group/Sinhala-Unicode] [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා]] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} [[ar:سريلانكا]] [[bg:Шри Ланка]] [[bn:শ্রীলংকা]] [[ca:Sri Lanka]] [[cs:Srí Lanka]] [[da:Sri Lanka]] [[de:Sri Lanka]] [[en:Sri Lanka]] [[eo:Sri-Lanko]] [[es:Sri Lanka]] [[et:Sri Lanka]] [[fa:سری لانکا]] [[fi:Sri Lanka]] [[fr:Sri Lanka]] [[gd:Sri Lanka]] [[gl:Sri Lanka - Sri Lankā]] [[he:סרי לנקה]] [[hi:श्रीलंका]] [[hr:Šri Lanka]] [[hu:Srí Lanka]] [[id:Sri Lanka]] [[io:Sri Lanka]] [[is:Srí Lanka]] [[it:Sri Lanka]] [[ja:スリランカ]] [[kn:ಶ್ರೀಲ೦ಕಾ]] [[ko:스리랑카]] [[li:Sri Lanka]] [[lt:Šri Lanka]] [[ml:ശ്രീലങ്ക]] [[ms:Sri Lanka]] [[nds:Sri Lanka]] [[nl:Sri Lanka]] [[nn:Sri Lanka]] [[no:Sri Lanka]] [[os:Шри-Ланка]] [[pl:Sri Lanka]] [[pt:Sri Lanka]] [[ro:Sri Lanka]] [[ru:Шри-Ланка]] [[sa:श्रीलङ्का]] [[scn:Sri Lanka]] [[sk:Srí Lanka]] [[sl:Šrilanka]] [[sr:Шри Ланка]] [[sv:Sri Lanka]] [[ta:இலங்கை]] [[th:ประเทศศรีลังกา]] [[tl:Sri Lanka]] [[tr:Sri Lanka]] [[uk:Шрі-Ланка]] [[zh:斯里蘭卡]] [[zh-min-nan:Sri Lanka]] 4975 2006-03-24T09:00:31Z Mayooresan 56 add map ==හැඳින්වීම== [[Image:Sri_lanka_flag_large.png|thumb|200px|right|ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජාතික ධජය]] ඉන්දියන් සාගරයේ මුතු ඇටය නමින් විරුදාවලිය ලත් ශ්‍රී ලංකාව, ආසියා මහද්වීපයට අයත් කුඩා දූපතකී. එය ඉංදියාවට පහලින් දකුණු පසට වන්නට පිහිටා ඇත. එහි සම්පූර්ණ ප්‍රමාණය වර්ග කිලෝමීටර 65610 කි. ශ්රී ලංකාවේ අග නගරය "ශ්‍රී ජයවර්ධනපුර කෝට්ටේ" වේ. "ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්තික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය" එහි නිලනාමය වෙයි. අවුරුදු 2500 කටත් වඩා වැඩි පෞඩ ඉතිහාසයකට උරුමකම් කියන ශ්‍රී ලංකා ඉතිහාසය, ක්‍රි.පූ 6 සියවසේ විජය කුමරුගේ ආගමනයත් සමග ආරම්භ වූ බැව් කියැවේ.ප්‍රථම රාජධනිය ලෙස අනුරාධපුරත්, රාජ්‍ය පරපුරේ අවසානය මහනුවර නගරයෙනුත් අවසාන විය. විජය කුමරුගේ පැමිණිමටත් පෙර සිටම ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ මිනිසුන් ජිවත්වී තිබේ. විජය කුමරුගේ පැමිණීම සිදුවන විට කුවේණි කපු කටිමින් සිටි බව මහාවන්ශයේ සදහන් වී ඇත. තවද ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ විසු පුබල රජ කෙනෙකු වන රාවණ රජු ද විජය කුමරු පැමීණීමට පෙර ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ රජ කල අයෙකි. වර්ශ 1505 දී පරංගි(Portugal) යටත් විජිතයක්වූ ලංකාව පසුව ඕලන්ද(Dutch) හා ඉංග්රීසි(British) අධිරාජ්‍යවාදීනට යටත්ව අවසානෙය් වර්ශ 1948 පසු නිදහස් රාජ්‍යක් බවට පත්විය. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ වානිජ අග නගරය වන්නේ කොළඹ නගරයයි. ප්‍රධාන පලාත් 9 කින් සහ දිස්‌තික්‌ක 25 කින්ද සමංවිත වේ. සිංහල, දමිල,මුස්‌ලිම්, බර්ගර් ආදී ජාතින් ජීවත් වන ලක්‌බිමේ ප්‍රධාන ආගම් ලෙස බෞද්ධ , හින්ඳු, ක්‍රිස්‌තියානි හා ඉස්ලාම් ආගම් අදහන පිරිසකින් හෙබිය. වර්තමානය කෙස් වුවත් ශ්‍රි ලංකාවෙහි ප්‍රධාන කර්මාන්තය වන්නේ වී ‍ගොවිතැනය. == ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජාතික ගීය == ශ්‍රී ලංකා මාතා ෴ අප ශ්‍රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ සුන්දර සිරිබරිනි සුරැඳි අති සෝබමාන ලංකා ෴ ධාන්‍ය ධනය නෙක මල් පලතුරු පිරි ජය භුමිය රම්‍යා ෴ අප හට සැප සිරි සෙත සදනා ජීවනයේ මාතා ෴ පිළිගනු මැන අප භක්තී පූජා ෴ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ අප ශ්‍රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ ඔබ වේ අප විද්‍යා ෴ ඔබ මය අප සත්‍යා ෴ ඔබ වේ අප ශක්ති ෴ අප හද තුළ භක්ති ෴ ඔබ අප ආලෝකේ ෴ අපගේ අනුප්රාණේ ෴ ඔබ අප ජීවන වේ ෴ අප මුක්තිය ඔබ වේ ෴ නව ජීවන දෙමිනේ නිතින අප පුබුදු කරන් මාතා ෴ ඥාන වීර්ය වඩවමින රැගෙන යනු මැන ජයභූමී කරා ෴ එක මවකගේ දරුකැල බැවිනා යමු යමු වී නොපමා෴ ප්‍රේම වඩා සැම හේද දුරැර දා නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ අප ශ්‍රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා..... ==මේවාත් බලන්න== [[Image:Ceylan-map.png|thumb|Sri Lankan Map]] * [[ෙකාළඹ]] * [[සාමය]] * [[සිංහල]] Sri lanka largest sector is textils ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== : *[http://www.gov.lk ශ්‍රී ලංකා රජය] *[http://www.divaina.com දිවයින] *[http://www.theacademic.org ලංකා අැකඩමික්(English)] *[http://www.infolanka.com ඉන්ෙෆා ලංකා(English)] *[http://www.lankanews.com ලංකානිවුස්.com] *[http://www.kaputa.com කපුටා වෙබ්] *[http://www.malkoha.com සිංහල ගීත(සින්දු)] *[http://groups.google.lk/group/Sinhala-Unicode] [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා]] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} [[ar:سريلانكا]] [[bg:Шри Ланка]] [[bn:শ্রীলংকা]] [[ca:Sri Lanka]] [[cs:Srí Lanka]] [[da:Sri Lanka]] [[de:Sri Lanka]] [[en:Sri Lanka]] [[eo:Sri-Lanko]] [[es:Sri Lanka]] [[et:Sri Lanka]] [[fa:سری لانکا]] [[fi:Sri Lanka]] [[fr:Sri Lanka]] [[gd:Sri Lanka]] [[gl:Sri Lanka - Sri Lankā]] [[he:סרי לנקה]] [[hi:श्रीलंका]] [[hr:Šri Lanka]] [[hu:Srí Lanka]] [[id:Sri Lanka]] [[io:Sri Lanka]] [[is:Srí Lanka]] [[it:Sri Lanka]] [[ja:スリランカ]] [[kn:ಶ್ರೀಲ೦ಕಾ]] [[ko:스리랑카]] [[li:Sri Lanka]] [[lt:Šri Lanka]] [[ml:ശ്രീലങ്ക]] [[ms:Sri Lanka]] [[nds:Sri Lanka]] [[nl:Sri Lanka]] [[nn:Sri Lanka]] [[no:Sri Lanka]] [[os:Шри-Ланка]] [[pl:Sri Lanka]] [[pt:Sri Lanka]] [[ro:Sri Lanka]] [[ru:Шри-Ланка]] [[sa:श्रीलङ्का]] [[scn:Sri Lanka]] [[sk:Srí Lanka]] [[sl:Šrilanka]] [[sr:Шри Ланка]] [[sv:Sri Lanka]] [[ta:இலங்கை]] [[th:ประเทศศรีลังกา]] [[tl:Sri Lanka]] [[tr:Sri Lanka]] [[uk:Шрі-Ланка]] [[zh:斯里蘭卡]] [[zh-min-nan:Sri Lanka]] 5033 2006-04-02T12:03:12Z Gihandias 73 ==හැඳින්වීම== [[Image:Sri_lanka_flag_large.png|thumb|200px|right|ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජාතික ධජය]] ඉන්දියන් සාගරයේ මුතු ඇටය නමින් විරුදාවලිය ලත් ශ්‍රී ලංකාව, ආසියා මහද්වීපයට අයත් කුඩා දූපතකී. එය ඉංදියාවට පහලින් දකුණු පසට වන්නට පිහිටා ඇත. එහි සම්පූර්ණ ප්‍රමාණය වර්ග කිලෝමීටර 65610 කි. ශ්රී ලංකාවේ අග නගරය "ශ්‍රී ජයවර්ධනපුර කෝට්ටේ" වේ. "ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්තික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය" එහි නිලනාමය වෙයි. අවුරුදු 2500 කටත් වඩා වැඩි පෞඩ ඉතිහාසයකට උරුමකම් කියන ශ්‍රී ලංකා ඉතිහාසය, ක්‍රි.පූ 6 සියවසේ විජය කුමරුගේ ආගමනයත් සමග ආරම්භ වූ බැව් කියැවේ.ප්‍රථම රාජධනිය ලෙස අනුරාධපුරත්, රාජ්‍ය පරපුරේ අවසානය මහනුවර නගරයෙනුත් අවසාන විය. විජය කුමරුගේ පැමිණිමටත් පෙර සිටම ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ මිනිසුන් ජිවත්වී තිබේ. විජය කුමරුගේ පැමිණීම සිදුවන විට කුවේණි කපු කටිමින් සිටි බව මහාවන්ශයේ සදහන් වී ඇත. තවද ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ විසු පුබල රජ කෙනෙකු වන රාවණ රජු ද විජය කුමරු පැමීණීමට පෙර ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ රජ කල අයෙකි. වර්ශ 1505 දී පරංගි(Portugal) යටත් විජිතයක්වූ ලංකාව පසුව ඕලන්ද(Dutch) හා ඉංග්රීසි(British) අධිරාජ්‍යවාදීනට යටත්ව අවසානෙය් වර්ශ 1948 පසු නිදහස් රාජ්‍යක් බවට පත්විය. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ වානිජ අග නගරය වන්නේ කොළඹ නගරයයි. ප්‍රධාන පලාත් 9 කින් සහ දිස්‌තික්‌ක 25 කින්ද සමංවිත වේ. සිංහල, දමිල,මුස්‌ලිම්, බර්ගර් ආදී ජාතින් ජීවත් වන ලක්‌බිමේ ප්‍රධාන ආගම් ලෙස බෞද්ධ , හින්ඳු, ක්‍රිස්‌තියානි හා ඉස්ලාම් ආගම් අදහන පිරිසකින් හෙබිය. වර්තමානය කෙස් වුවත් ශ්‍රි ලංකාවෙහි ප්‍රධාන කර්මාන්තය වන්නේ වී ‍ගොවිතැනය. == ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජාතික ගීය == ශ්‍රී ලංකා මාතා ෴ අප ශ්‍රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ සුන්දර සිරිබරිනි සුරැඳි අති සෝබමාන ලංකා ෴ ධාන්‍ය ධනය නෙක මල් පලතුරු පිරි ජය භුමිය රම්‍යා ෴ අප හට සැප සිරි සෙත සදනා ජීවනයේ මාතා ෴ පිළිගනු මැන අප භක්තී පූජා ෴ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ අප ශ්‍රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ ඔබ වේ අප විද්‍යා ෴ ඔබ මය අප සත්‍යා ෴ ඔබ වේ අප ශක්ති ෴ අප හද තුළ භක්ති ෴ ඔබ අප ආලෝකේ ෴ අපගේ අනුප්රාණේ ෴ ඔබ අප ජීවන වේ ෴ අප මුක්තිය ඔබ වේ ෴ නව ජීවන දෙමිනේ නිතින අප පුබුදු කරන් මාතා ෴ ඥාන වීර්ය වඩවමින රැගෙන යනු මැන ජයභූමී කරා ෴ එක මවකගේ දරුකැල බැවිනා යමු යමු වී නොපමා෴ ප්‍රේම වඩා සැම හේද දුරැර දා නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ අප ශ්‍රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා..... ==මේවාත් බලන්න== [[Image:Ceylan-map.png|thumb|Sri Lankan Map]] * [[කොළඹ]] * [[සාමය]] * [[සිංහල]] Sri lanka largest sector is textils ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== : *[http://www.gov.lk ශ්‍රී ලංකා රජය] *[http://www.divaina.com දිවයින] *[http://www.theacademic.org ලංකා අැකඩමික්(English)] *[http://www.infolanka.com ඉන්ෙෆා ලංකා(English)] *[http://www.lankanews.com ලංකානිවුස්.com] *[http://www.kaputa.com කපුටා වෙබ්] *[http://www.malkoha.com සිංහල ගීත(සින්දු)] *[http://groups.google.lk/group/Sinhala-Unicode] [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා]] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} [[ar:سريلانكا]] [[bg:Шри Ланка]] [[bn:শ্রীলংকা]] [[ca:Sri Lanka]] [[cs:Srí Lanka]] [[da:Sri Lanka]] [[de:Sri Lanka]] [[en:Sri Lanka]] [[eo:Sri-Lanko]] [[es:Sri Lanka]] [[et:Sri Lanka]] [[fa:سری لانکا]] [[fi:Sri Lanka]] [[fr:Sri Lanka]] [[gd:Sri Lanka]] [[gl:Sri Lanka - Sri Lankā]] [[he:סרי לנקה]] [[hi:श्रीलंका]] [[hr:Šri Lanka]] [[hu:Srí Lanka]] [[id:Sri Lanka]] [[io:Sri Lanka]] [[is:Srí Lanka]] [[it:Sri Lanka]] [[ja:スリランカ]] [[kn:ಶ್ರೀಲ೦ಕಾ]] [[ko:스리랑카]] [[li:Sri Lanka]] [[lt:Šri Lanka]] [[ml:ശ്രീലങ്ക]] [[ms:Sri Lanka]] [[nds:Sri Lanka]] [[nl:Sri Lanka]] [[nn:Sri Lanka]] [[no:Sri Lanka]] [[os:Шри-Ланка]] [[pl:Sri Lanka]] [[pt:Sri Lanka]] [[ro:Sri Lanka]] [[ru:Шри-Ланка]] [[sa:श्रीलङ्का]] [[scn:Sri Lanka]] [[sk:Srí Lanka]] [[sl:Šrilanka]] [[sr:Шри Ланка]] [[sv:Sri Lanka]] [[ta:இலங்கை]] [[th:ประเทศศรีลังกา]] [[tl:Sri Lanka]] [[tr:Sri Lanka]] [[uk:Шрі-Ланка]] [[zh:斯里蘭卡]] [[zh-min-nan:Sri Lanka]] 5034 2006-04-02T12:10:47Z Gihandias 73 [[ශ්රී ලංකාව]] moved to [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව]] ==හැඳින්වීම== [[Image:Sri_lanka_flag_large.png|thumb|200px|right|ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජාතික ධජය]] ඉන්දියන් සාගරයේ මුතු ඇටය නමින් විරුදාවලිය ලත් ශ්‍රී ලංකාව, ආසියා මහද්වීපයට අයත් කුඩා දූපතකී. එය ඉංදියාවට පහලින් දකුණු පසට වන්නට පිහිටා ඇත. එහි සම්පූර්ණ ප්‍රමාණය වර්ග කිලෝමීටර 65610 කි. ශ්රී ලංකාවේ අග නගරය "ශ්‍රී ජයවර්ධනපුර කෝට්ටේ" වේ. "ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්තික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය" එහි නිලනාමය වෙයි. අවුරුදු 2500 කටත් වඩා වැඩි පෞඩ ඉතිහාසයකට උරුමකම් කියන ශ්‍රී ලංකා ඉතිහාසය, ක්‍රි.පූ 6 සියවසේ විජය කුමරුගේ ආගමනයත් සමග ආරම්භ වූ බැව් කියැවේ.ප්‍රථම රාජධනිය ලෙස අනුරාධපුරත්, රාජ්‍ය පරපුරේ අවසානය මහනුවර නගරයෙනුත් අවසාන විය. විජය කුමරුගේ පැමිණිමටත් පෙර සිටම ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ මිනිසුන් ජිවත්වී තිබේ. විජය කුමරුගේ පැමිණීම සිදුවන විට කුවේණි කපු කටිමින් සිටි බව මහාවන්ශයේ සදහන් වී ඇත. තවද ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ විසු පුබල රජ කෙනෙකු වන රාවණ රජු ද විජය කුමරු පැමීණීමට පෙර ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ රජ කල අයෙකි. වර්ශ 1505 දී පරංගි(Portugal) යටත් විජිතයක්වූ ලංකාව පසුව ඕලන්ද(Dutch) හා ඉංග්රීසි(British) අධිරාජ්‍යවාදීනට යටත්ව අවසානෙය් වර්ශ 1948 පසු නිදහස් රාජ්‍යක් බවට පත්විය. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ වානිජ අග නගරය වන්නේ කොළඹ නගරයයි. ප්‍රධාන පලාත් 9 කින් සහ දිස්‌තික්‌ක 25 කින්ද සමංවිත වේ. සිංහල, දමිල,මුස්‌ලිම්, බර්ගර් ආදී ජාතින් ජීවත් වන ලක්‌බිමේ ප්‍රධාන ආගම් ලෙස බෞද්ධ , හින්ඳු, ක්‍රිස්‌තියානි හා ඉස්ලාම් ආගම් අදහන පිරිසකින් හෙබිය. වර්තමානය කෙස් වුවත් ශ්‍රි ලංකාවෙහි ප්‍රධාන කර්මාන්තය වන්නේ වී ‍ගොවිතැනය. == ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජාතික ගීය == ශ්‍රී ලංකා මාතා ෴ අප ශ්‍රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ සුන්දර සිරිබරිනි සුරැඳි අති සෝබමාන ලංකා ෴ ධාන්‍ය ධනය නෙක මල් පලතුරු පිරි ජය භුමිය රම්‍යා ෴ අප හට සැප සිරි සෙත සදනා ජීවනයේ මාතා ෴ පිළිගනු මැන අප භක්තී පූජා ෴ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ අප ශ්‍රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ ඔබ වේ අප විද්‍යා ෴ ඔබ මය අප සත්‍යා ෴ ඔබ වේ අප ශක්ති ෴ අප හද තුළ භක්ති ෴ ඔබ අප ආලෝකේ ෴ අපගේ අනුප්රාණේ ෴ ඔබ අප ජීවන වේ ෴ අප මුක්තිය ඔබ වේ ෴ නව ජීවන දෙමිනේ නිතින අප පුබුදු කරන් මාතා ෴ ඥාන වීර්ය වඩවමින රැගෙන යනු මැන ජයභූමී කරා ෴ එක මවකගේ දරුකැල බැවිනා යමු යමු වී නොපමා෴ ප්‍රේම වඩා සැම හේද දුරැර දා නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ අප ශ්‍රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා..... ==මේවාත් බලන්න== [[Image:Ceylan-map.png|thumb|Sri Lankan Map]] * [[කොළඹ]] * [[සාමය]] * [[සිංහල]] Sri lanka largest sector is textils ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== : *[http://www.gov.lk ශ්‍රී ලංකා රජය] *[http://www.divaina.com දිවයින] *[http://www.theacademic.org ලංකා අැකඩමික්(English)] *[http://www.infolanka.com ඉන්ෙෆා ලංකා(English)] *[http://www.lankanews.com ලංකානිවුස්.com] *[http://www.kaputa.com කපුටා වෙබ්] *[http://www.malkoha.com සිංහල ගීත(සින්දු)] *[http://groups.google.lk/group/Sinhala-Unicode] [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා]] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} [[ar:سريلانكا]] [[bg:Шри Ланка]] [[bn:শ্রীলংকা]] [[ca:Sri Lanka]] [[cs:Srí Lanka]] [[da:Sri Lanka]] [[de:Sri Lanka]] [[en:Sri Lanka]] [[eo:Sri-Lanko]] [[es:Sri Lanka]] [[et:Sri Lanka]] [[fa:سری لانکا]] [[fi:Sri Lanka]] [[fr:Sri Lanka]] [[gd:Sri Lanka]] [[gl:Sri Lanka - Sri Lankā]] [[he:סרי לנקה]] [[hi:श्रीलंका]] [[hr:Šri Lanka]] [[hu:Srí Lanka]] [[id:Sri Lanka]] [[io:Sri Lanka]] [[is:Srí Lanka]] [[it:Sri Lanka]] [[ja:スリランカ]] [[kn:ಶ್ರೀಲ೦ಕಾ]] [[ko:스리랑카]] [[li:Sri Lanka]] [[lt:Šri Lanka]] [[ml:ശ്രീലങ്ക]] [[ms:Sri Lanka]] [[nds:Sri Lanka]] [[nl:Sri Lanka]] [[nn:Sri Lanka]] [[no:Sri Lanka]] [[os:Шри-Ланка]] [[pl:Sri Lanka]] [[pt:Sri Lanka]] [[ro:Sri Lanka]] [[ru:Шри-Ланка]] [[sa:श्रीलङ्का]] [[scn:Sri Lanka]] [[sk:Srí Lanka]] [[sl:Šrilanka]] [[sr:Шри Ланка]] [[sv:Sri Lanka]] [[ta:இலங்கை]] [[th:ประเทศศรีลังกา]] [[tl:Sri Lanka]] [[tr:Sri Lanka]] [[uk:Шрі-Ланка]] [[zh:斯里蘭卡]] [[zh-min-nan:Sri Lanka]] 5053 2006-04-12T21:20:49Z 222.165.180.35 වියරණ සහ යුනිකේත දෝෂ ==හැඳින්වීම== [[Image:Sri_lanka_flag_large.png|thumb|200px|right|ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජාතික ධජය]] ඉන්දියන් සාගරයේ මුතු ඇටය නමින් විරුදාවලිය ලත් ශ්‍රී ලංකාව, ආසියා මහද්වීපයට අයත් කුඩා දූපතකී. එය ඉන්දියාවට පහලින් දකුණු පසට වන්නට පිහිටා ඇත. එහි සම්පූර්ණ ප්‍රමාණය වර්ග කිලෝමීටර 65610 කි. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ අග නගරය "ශ්‍රී ජයවර්ධනපුර කෝට්ටේ" වේ. "ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්තික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය" එහි නිලනාමය වෙයි. අවුරුදු 2500 කටත් වඩා වැඩි ප්‍රෞඩ ඉතිහාසයකට උරුමකම් කියන ශ්‍රී ලංකා ඉතිහාසය, ක්‍රි.පූ. 6වන සියවසේ විජය කුමරුගේ ආගමනයත් සමග ආරම්භ වූ බැව් කියැවේ. ප්‍රථම රාජධනිය ලෙස අනුරාධපුරය සැලකෙන අතර, රාජ්‍ය පරපුරේ අවසානය මහනුවර නගරය විය. විජය කුමරුගේ පැමිණිමටත් පෙර සිටම ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ මිනිසුන් ජිවත්ව තිබේ. විජය කුමරුගේ පැමිණීම සිදුවන විට කුවේණි කපු කටිමින් සිටි බව මහාවංශයේ සදහන් වේ. තවද ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ විසු ප්‍රබල රජ කෙනෙකු වන රාවණ රජු ද විජය කුමරු පැමීණීමට පෙර ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ රජ කල අයෙකි. වර්ෂ 1505 දී පරංගි(Portuguese) යටත් විජිතයක්වූ ලංකාව පසුව ඕලන්ද(Dutch) හා ඉංග්‍රිසි(British) අධිරාජ්‍යවාදීනට යටත්ව අවසානයේ වර්ෂ 1948න් පසු නිදහස් රාජ්‍යක් බවට පත්විය. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ වානිජ්‍ය අග නගරය වන්නේ කොළඹ නගරයයි. ප්‍රධාන පලාත් 9 කින් සහ දිස්ත්‍රි‌ක්‌ක 25 කින්ද සමන්විත වේ. සිංහල, දමිල,මුස්‌ලිම්, බර්ගර් ආදී ජාතින් ජීවත් වන ලක්‌බිමේ ප්‍රධාන ආගම් ලෙස බෞද්ධ , හින්ඳු, ක්‍රිස්‌තියානි හා ඉස්ලාම් ආගම් අදහන පිරිසකින් හෙබිය. වර්තමානය කෙසේ වුවත් ශ්‍රි ලංකාවෙහි ප්‍රධාන කර්මාන්තය වන්නේ වී ‍ගොවිතැනය. ==ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජාතික ගීය== ශ්‍රී ලංකා මාතා ෴ අප ශ්‍රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ සුන්දර සිරිබරිනි සුරැඳි අති සෝබමාන ලංකා ෴ ධාන්‍ය ධනය නෙක මල් පලතුරු පිරි ජය භුමිය රම්‍යා ෴ අප හට සැප සිරි සෙත සදනා ජීවනයේ මාතා ෴ පිළිගනු මැන අප භක්තී පූජා ෴ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ අප ශ්‍රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ ඔබ වේ අප විද්‍යා ෴ ඔබ මය අප සත්‍යා ෴ ඔබ වේ අප ශක්ති ෴ අප හද තුළ භක්ති ෴ ඔබ අප ආලෝකේ ෴ අපගේ අනුප්‍රාණේ ෴ ඔබ අප ජීවන වේ ෴ අප මුක්තිය ඔබ වේ ෴ නව ජීවන දෙමිනේ නිතින අප පුබුදු කරන් මාතා ෴ ඥාන වීර්ය වඩවමින රැගෙන යනු මැන ජයභූමී කරා ෴ එක මවකගෙ දරුකැල බැවිනා යමු යමු වී නොපමා෴ ප්‍රේම වඩා සැම හේද දුරැර දා නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ අප ශ්‍රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා..... ==මේවාත් බලන්න== [[Image:Ceylan-map.png|thumb|Sri Lankan Map]] * [[ශ්‍රී ජයවර්ධනපුර කෝට්ටේ]] * [[කොළඹ]] * [[සාමය]] * [[සිංහල]] ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== : *[http://www.gov.lk ශ්‍රී ලංකා රජය] *[http://www.divaina.com දිවයින] *[http://www.theacademic.org ලංකා ඇකඩමික්(English)] *[http://www.infolanka.com ඉන්ෆො ලංකා(English)] *[http://www.lankanews.com ලංකානිවුස්.com] *[http://www.kaputa.com කපුටා වෙබ්] *[http://www.malkoha.com සිංහල ගීත(සින්දු)] *[http://groups.google.lk/group/Sinhala-Unicode] [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා]] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} [[ar:سريلانكا]] [[bg:Шри Ланка]] [[bn:শ্রীলংকা]] [[ca:Sri Lanka]] [[cs:Srí Lanka]] [[da:Sri Lanka]] [[de:Sri Lanka]] [[en:Sri Lanka]] [[eo:Sri-Lanko]] [[es:Sri Lanka]] [[et:Sri Lanka]] [[fa:سری لانکا]] [[fi:Sri Lanka]] [[fr:Sri Lanka]] [[gd:Sri Lanka]] [[gl:Sri Lanka - Sri Lankā]] [[he:סרי לנקה]] [[hi:श्रीलंका]] [[hr:Šri Lanka]] [[hu:Srí Lanka]] [[id:Sri Lanka]] [[io:Sri Lanka]] [[is:Srí Lanka]] [[it:Sri Lanka]] [[ja:スリランカ]] [[kn:ಶ್ರೀಲ೦ಕಾ]] [[ko:스리랑카]] [[li:Sri Lanka]] [[lt:Šri Lanka]] [[ml:ശ്രീലങ്ക]] [[ms:Sri Lanka]] [[nds:Sri Lanka]] [[nl:Sri Lanka]] [[nn:Sri Lanka]] [[no:Sri Lanka]] [[os:Шри-Ланка]] [[pl:Sri Lanka]] [[pt:Sri Lanka]] [[ro:Sri Lanka]] [[ru:Шри-Ланка]] [[sa:श्रीलङ्का]] [[scn:Sri Lanka]] [[sk:Srí Lanka]] [[sl:Šrilanka]] [[sr:Шри Ланка]] [[sv:Sri Lanka]] [[ta:இலங்கை]] [[th:ประเทศศรีลังกา]] [[tl:Sri Lanka]] [[tr:Sri Lanka]] [[uk:Шрі-Ланка]] [[zh:斯里蘭卡]] [[zh-min-nan:Sri Lanka]] 5054 2006-04-12T21:27:56Z 222.165.180.35 ==හැඳින්වීම== [[Image:Sri_lanka_flag_large.png|thumb|200px|right|ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජාතික ධජය]] ඉන්දියන් සාගරයේ මුතු ඇටය නමින් විරුදාවලිය ලත් ශ්‍රී ලංකාව, ආසියා මහද්වීපයට අයත් කුඩා දූපතකී. එය ඉන්දියාවට පහලින් දකුණු පසට වන්නට පිහිටා ඇත. එහි සම්පූර්ණ ප්‍රමාණය වර්ග කිලෝමීටර 65610 කි. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ අග නගරය "[[ශ්‍රී ජයවර්ධනපුර කෝට්ටේ]]" වේ. "ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්තික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය" එහි නිලනාමය වෙයි. අවුරුදු 2500 කටත් වඩා වැඩි ප්‍රෞඩ ඉතිහාසයකට උරුමකම් කියන ශ්‍රී ලංකා ඉතිහාසය, ක්‍රි.පූ. 6වන සියවසේ විජය කුමරුගේ ආගමනයත් සමග ආරම්භ වූ බැව් කියැවේ. ප්‍රථම රාජධනිය ලෙස අනුරාධපුරය සැලකෙන අතර, රාජ්‍ය පරපුරේ අවසානය මහනුවර නගරය විය. විජය කුමරුගේ පැමිණිමටත් පෙර සිටම ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ මිනිසුන් ජිවත්ව තිබේ. විජය කුමරුගේ පැමිණීම සිදුවන විට කුවේණි කපු කටිමින් සිටි බව මහාවංශයේ සදහන් වේ. තවද ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ විසු ප්‍රබල රජ කෙනෙකු වන රාවණ රජු ද විජය කුමරු පැමීණීමට පෙර ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ රජ කල අයෙකි. වර්ෂ 1505 දී පරංගි(Portuguese) යටත් විජිතයක්වූ ලංකාව පසුව ඕලන්ද(Dutch) හා ඉංග්‍රිසි(British) අධිරාජ්‍යවාදීනට යටත්ව අවසානයේ වර්ෂ 1948න් පසු නිදහස් රාජ්‍යක් බවට පත්විය. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ වානිජ්‍ය අග නගරය වන්නේ කොළඹ නගරයයි. ප්‍රධාන පලාත් 9 කින් සහ දිස්ත්‍රි‌ක්‌ක 25 කින්ද සමන්විත වේ. සිංහල, දමිල,මුස්‌ලිම්, බර්ගර් ආදී ජාතින් ජීවත් වන ලක්‌බිමේ ප්‍රධාන ආගම් ලෙස බෞද්ධ , හින්ඳු, ක්‍රිස්‌තියානි හා ඉස්ලාම් ආගම් අදහන පිරිසකින් හෙබිය. වර්තමානය කෙසේ වුවත් ශ්‍රි ලංකාවෙහි ප්‍රධාන කර්මාන්තය වන්නේ වී ‍ගොවිතැනය. ==ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජාතික ගීය== ශ්‍රී ලංකා මාතා ෴ අප ශ්‍රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ සුන්දර සිරිබරිනි සුරැඳි අති සෝබමාන ලංකා ෴ ධාන්‍ය ධනය නෙක මල් පලතුරු පිරි ජය භුමිය රම්‍යා ෴ අප හට සැප සිරි සෙත සදනා ජීවනයේ මාතා ෴ පිළිගනු මැන අප භක්තී පූජා ෴ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ අප ශ්‍රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ ඔබ වේ අප විද්‍යා ෴ ඔබ මය අප සත්‍යා ෴ ඔබ වේ අප ශක්ති ෴ අප හද තුළ භක්ති ෴ ඔබ අප ආලෝකේ ෴ අපගේ අනුප්‍රාණේ ෴ ඔබ අප ජීවන වේ ෴ අප මුක්තිය ඔබ වේ ෴ නව ජීවන දෙමිනේ නිතින අප පුබුදු කරන් මාතා ෴ ඥාන වීර්ය වඩවමින රැගෙන යනු මැන ජයභූමී කරා ෴ එක මවකගෙ දරුකැල බැවිනා යමු යමු වී නොපමා෴ ප්‍රේම වඩා සැම හේද දුරැර දා නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ අප ශ්‍රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා..... ==මේවාත් බලන්න== [[Image:Ceylan-map.png|thumb|Sri Lankan Map]] * [[ශ්‍රී ජයවර්ධනපුර කෝට්ටේ]] * [[කොළඹ]] * [[සාමය]] * [[සිංහල]] ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== : *[http://www.gov.lk ශ්‍රී ලංකා රජය] *[http://www.divaina.com දිවයින] *[http://www.theacademic.org ලංකා ඇකඩමික්(English)] *[http://www.infolanka.com ඉන්ෆො ලංකා(English)] *[http://www.lankanews.com ලංකානිවුස්] *[http://www.kaputa.com කපුටා වෙබ්] *[http://www.malkoha.com සිංහල ගීත(සින්දු)] *[http://groups.google.lk/group/Sinhala-Unicode] [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා]] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} [[ar:سريلانكا]] [[bg:Шри Ланка]] [[bn:শ্রীলংকা]] [[ca:Sri Lanka]] [[cs:Srí Lanka]] [[da:Sri Lanka]] [[de:Sri Lanka]] [[en:Sri Lanka]] [[eo:Sri-Lanko]] [[es:Sri Lanka]] [[et:Sri Lanka]] [[fa:سری لانکا]] [[fi:Sri Lanka]] [[fr:Sri Lanka]] [[gd:Sri Lanka]] [[gl:Sri Lanka - Sri Lankā]] [[he:סרי לנקה]] [[hi:श्रीलंका]] [[hr:Šri Lanka]] [[hu:Srí Lanka]] [[id:Sri Lanka]] [[io:Sri Lanka]] [[is:Srí Lanka]] [[it:Sri Lanka]] [[ja:スリランカ]] [[kn:ಶ್ರೀಲ೦ಕಾ]] [[ko:스리랑카]] [[li:Sri Lanka]] [[lt:Šri Lanka]] [[ml:ശ്രീലങ്ക]] [[ms:Sri Lanka]] [[nds:Sri Lanka]] [[nl:Sri Lanka]] [[nn:Sri Lanka]] [[no:Sri Lanka]] [[os:Шри-Ланка]] [[pl:Sri Lanka]] [[pt:Sri Lanka]] [[ro:Sri Lanka]] [[ru:Шри-Ланка]] [[sa:श्रीलङ्का]] [[scn:Sri Lanka]] [[sk:Srí Lanka]] [[sl:Šrilanka]] [[sr:Шри Ланка]] [[sv:Sri Lanka]] [[ta:இலங்கை]] [[th:ประเทศศรีลังกา]] [[tl:Sri Lanka]] [[tr:Sri Lanka]] [[uk:Шрі-Ланка]] [[zh:斯里蘭卡]] [[zh-min-nan:Sri Lanka]] 5067 2006-04-16T08:30:35Z Ishan 80 {{Infobox_Country| |native_name = [[Image:SrilankaFont.png|250px]] இலங்கை சனநாயக சோஷலிசக் குடியரசு |conventional_long_name = Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka |common_name = Sri Lanka |image_flag = Flag of Sri Lanka.svg |image_coat = Sri lanka coa.png | symbol_type=Coat of arms |image_map = LocationSriLanka.png |national_motto = none |national_anthem = [[Sri Lanka Matha]], by [[Ananda Samarakone]] |official_languages = [[Sinhala language|Sinhala]] and [[Tamil language|Tamil]] |capital = [[Kotte|Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte]] |latd=6 |latm=54 |latNS=N |longd=79 |longm=54 |longEW=E | |largest_city = [[Colombo]] |government_type = [[Democracy|Democratic]] [[Socialist]] [[Republic]] |leader_titles = [[President of Sri Lanka|President]] [[Prime Minister of Sri Lanka|Prime Minister]] |leader_names = [[Mahinda Rajapaksa]] [[Ratnasiri Wickremanayake]] |area_rank = 121st |area_magnitude = 1 E10 |area= 65,610 |areami²=25,332  |percent_water = 1.3% |population_estimate = 20,064,776 |population_estimate_rank = 53rd |population_estimate_year = 2005 |population_census = |population_census_year = |population_density = 305 |population_densitymi² =790  |population_density_rank = 24th |GDP_PPP = 86.72 billion |GDP_PPP_rank = 59th |GDP_PPP_year= 2005 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $4300 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 142nd |sovereignty_type = [[History of Sri Lanka|Independence]] |established_events = Granted |established_dates = From the [[United Kingdom]] [[February 04]], [[1948]] |HDI = 0.751 |HDI_rank = 93rd |HDI_year = 2003 |HDI_category = medium |currency = [[Sri Lankan rupee|Sri Lankan Rupee]] |currency_code = LKR |country_code = LKA |time_zone = |utc_offset = +6 |time_zone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |cctld = [[.lk]] |calling_code = 94 |footnotes = }} ==හැඳින්වීම== [[Image:Sri_lanka_flag_large.png|thumb|200px|right|ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජාතික ධජය]] ඉන්දියන් සාගරයේ මුතු ඇටය නමින් විරුදාවලිය ලත් ශ්‍රී ලංකාව, ආසියා මහද්වීපයට අයත් කුඩා දූපතකී. එය ඉන්දියාවට පහලින් දකුණු පසට වන්නට පිහිටා ඇත. එහි සම්පූර්ණ ප්‍රමාණය වර්ග කිලෝමීටර 65610 කි. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ අග නගරය "[[ශ්‍රී ජයවර්ධනපුර කෝට්ටේ]]" වේ. "ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්තික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය" එහි නිලනාමය වෙයි. අවුරුදු 2500 කටත් වඩා වැඩි ප්‍රෞඩ ඉතිහාසයකට උරුමකම් කියන ශ්‍රී ලංකා ඉතිහාසය, ක්‍රි.පූ. 6වන සියවසේ විජය කුමරුගේ ආගමනයත් සමග ආරම්භ වූ බැව් කියැවේ. ප්‍රථම රාජධනිය ලෙස අනුරාධපුරය සැලකෙන අතර, රාජ්‍ය පරපුරේ අවසානය මහනුවර නගරය විය. විජය කුමරුගේ පැමිණිමටත් පෙර සිටම ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ මිනිසුන් ජිවත්ව තිබේ. විජය කුමරුගේ පැමිණීම සිදුවන විට කුවේණි කපු කටිමින් සිටි බව මහාවංශයේ සදහන් වේ. තවද ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ විසු ප්‍රබල රජ කෙනෙකු වන රාවණ රජු ද විජය කුමරු පැමීණීමට පෙර ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ රජ කල අයෙකි. වර්ෂ 1505 දී පරංගි(Portuguese) යටත් විජිතයක්වූ ලංකාව පසුව ඕලන්ද(Dutch) හා ඉංග්‍රිසි(British) අධිරාජ්‍යවාදීනට යටත්ව අවසානයේ වර්ෂ 1948න් පසු නිදහස් රාජ්‍යක් බවට පත්විය. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ වානිජ්‍ය අග නගරය වන්නේ කොළඹ නගරයයි. ප්‍රධාන පලාත් 9 කින් සහ දිස්ත්‍රි‌ක්‌ක 25 කින්ද සමන්විත වේ. සිංහල, දමිල,මුස්‌ලිම්, බර්ගර් ආදී ජාතින් ජීවත් වන ලක්‌බිමේ ප්‍රධාන ආගම් ලෙස බෞද්ධ , හින්ඳු, ක්‍රිස්‌තියානි හා ඉස්ලාම් ආගම් අදහන පිරිසකින් හෙබිය. වර්තමානය කෙසේ වුවත් ශ්‍රි ලංකාවෙහි ප්‍රධාන කර්මාන්තය වන්නේ වී ‍ගොවිතැනය. ==ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජාතික ගීය== ශ්‍රී ලංකා මාතා ෴ අප ශ්‍රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ සුන්දර සිරිබරිනි සුරැඳි අති සෝබමාන ලංකා ෴ ධාන්‍ය ධනය නෙක මල් පලතුරු පිරි ජය භුමිය රම්‍යා ෴ අප හට සැප සිරි සෙත සදනා ජීවනයේ මාතා ෴ පිළිගනු මැන අප භක්තී පූජා ෴ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ අප ශ්‍රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ ඔබ වේ අප විද්‍යා ෴ ඔබ මය අප සත්‍යා ෴ ඔබ වේ අප ශක්ති ෴ අප හද තුළ භක්ති ෴ ඔබ අප ආලෝකේ ෴ අපගේ අනුප්‍රාණේ ෴ ඔබ අප ජීවන වේ ෴ අප මුක්තිය ඔබ වේ ෴ නව ජීවන දෙමිනේ නිතින අප පුබුදු කරන් මාතා ෴ ඥාන වීර්ය වඩවමින රැගෙන යනු මැන ජයභූමී කරා ෴ එක මවකගෙ දරුකැල බැවිනා යමු යමු වී නොපමා෴ ප්‍රේම වඩා සැම හේද දුරැර දා නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ අප ශ්‍රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා..... ==මේවාත් බලන්න== [[Image:Ceylan-map.png|thumb|Sri Lankan Map]] * [[ශ්‍රී ජයවර්ධනපුර කෝට්ටේ]] * [[කොළඹ]] * [[සාමය]] * [[සිංහල]] ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== : *[http://www.gov.lk ශ්‍රී ලංකා රජය] *[http://www.divaina.com දිවයින] *[http://www.theacademic.org ලංකා ඇකඩමික්(English)] *[http://www.infolanka.com ඉන්ෆො ලංකා(English)] *[http://www.lankanews.com ලංකානිවුස්] *[http://www.kaputa.com කපුටා වෙබ්] *[http://www.malkoha.com සිංහල ගීත(සින්දු)] *[http://groups.google.lk/group/Sinhala-Unicode] [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා]] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} [[ar:سريلانكا]] [[bg:Шри Ланка]] [[bn:শ্রীলংকা]] [[ca:Sri Lanka]] [[cs:Srí Lanka]] [[da:Sri Lanka]] [[de:Sri Lanka]] [[en:Sri Lanka]] [[eo:Sri-Lanko]] [[es:Sri Lanka]] [[et:Sri Lanka]] [[fa:سری لانکا]] [[fi:Sri Lanka]] [[fr:Sri Lanka]] [[gd:Sri Lanka]] [[gl:Sri Lanka - Sri Lankā]] [[he:סרי לנקה]] [[hi:श्रीलंका]] [[hr:Šri Lanka]] [[hu:Srí Lanka]] [[id:Sri Lanka]] [[io:Sri Lanka]] [[is:Srí Lanka]] [[it:Sri Lanka]] [[ja:スリランカ]] [[kn:ಶ್ರೀಲ೦ಕಾ]] [[ko:스리랑카]] [[li:Sri Lanka]] [[lt:Šri Lanka]] [[ml:ശ്രീലങ്ക]] [[ms:Sri Lanka]] [[nds:Sri Lanka]] [[nl:Sri Lanka]] [[nn:Sri Lanka]] [[no:Sri Lanka]] [[os:Шри-Ланка]] [[pl:Sri Lanka]] [[pt:Sri Lanka]] [[ro:Sri Lanka]] [[ru:Шри-Ланка]] [[sa:श्रीलङ्का]] [[scn:Sri Lanka]] [[sk:Srí Lanka]] [[sl:Šrilanka]] [[sr:Шри Ланка]] [[sv:Sri Lanka]] [[ta:இலங்கை]] [[th:ประเทศศรีลังกา]] [[tl:Sri Lanka]] [[tr:Sri Lanka]] [[uk:Шрі-Ланка]] [[zh:斯里蘭卡]] [[zh-min-nan:Sri Lanka]] 5068 2006-04-16T08:31:04Z Ishan 80 ==හැඳින්වීම== [[Image:Sri_lanka_flag_large.png|thumb|200px|right|ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජාතික ධජය]] ඉන්දියන් සාගරයේ මුතු ඇටය නමින් විරුදාවලිය ලත් ශ්‍රී ලංකාව, ආසියා මහද්වීපයට අයත් කුඩා දූපතකී. එය ඉන්දියාවට පහලින් දකුණු පසට වන්නට පිහිටා ඇත. එහි සම්පූර්ණ ප්‍රමාණය වර්ග කිලෝමීටර 65610 කි. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ අග නගරය "[[ශ්‍රී ජයවර්ධනපුර කෝට්ටේ]]" වේ. "ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්තික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය" එහි නිලනාමය වෙයි. අවුරුදු 2500 කටත් වඩා වැඩි ප්‍රෞඩ ඉතිහාසයකට උරුමකම් කියන ශ්‍රී ලංකා ඉතිහාසය, ක්‍රි.පූ. 6වන සියවසේ විජය කුමරුගේ ආගමනයත් සමග ආරම්භ වූ බැව් කියැවේ. ප්‍රථම රාජධනිය ලෙස අනුරාධපුරය සැලකෙන අතර, රාජ්‍ය පරපුරේ අවසානය මහනුවර නගරය විය. විජය කුමරුගේ පැමිණිමටත් පෙර සිටම ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ මිනිසුන් ජිවත්ව තිබේ. විජය කුමරුගේ පැමිණීම සිදුවන විට කුවේණි කපු කටිමින් සිටි බව මහාවංශයේ සදහන් වේ. තවද ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ විසු ප්‍රබල රජ කෙනෙකු වන රාවණ රජු ද විජය කුමරු පැමීණීමට පෙර ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ රජ කල අයෙකි. වර්ෂ 1505 දී පරංගි(Portuguese) යටත් විජිතයක්වූ ලංකාව පසුව ඕලන්ද(Dutch) හා ඉංග්‍රිසි(British) අධිරාජ්‍යවාදීනට යටත්ව අවසානයේ වර්ෂ 1948න් පසු නිදහස් රාජ්‍යක් බවට පත්විය. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ වානිජ්‍ය අග නගරය වන්නේ කොළඹ නගරයයි. ප්‍රධාන පලාත් 9 කින් සහ දිස්ත්‍රි‌ක්‌ක 25 කින්ද සමන්විත වේ. සිංහල, දමිල,මුස්‌ලිම්, බර්ගර් ආදී ජාතින් ජීවත් වන ලක්‌බිමේ ප්‍රධාන ආගම් ලෙස බෞද්ධ , හින්ඳු, ක්‍රිස්‌තියානි හා ඉස්ලාම් ආගම් අදහන පිරිසකින් හෙබිය. වර්තමානය කෙසේ වුවත් ශ්‍රි ලංකාවෙහි ප්‍රධාන කර්මාන්තය වන්නේ වී ‍ගොවිතැනය. ==ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජාතික ගීය== ශ්‍රී ලංකා මාතා ෴ අප ශ්‍රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ සුන්දර සිරිබරිනි සුරැඳි අති සෝබමාන ලංකා ෴ ධාන්‍ය ධනය නෙක මල් පලතුරු පිරි ජය භුමිය රම්‍යා ෴ අප හට සැප සිරි සෙත සදනා ජීවනයේ මාතා ෴ පිළිගනු මැන අප භක්තී පූජා ෴ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ අප ශ්‍රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ ඔබ වේ අප විද්‍යා ෴ ඔබ මය අප සත්‍යා ෴ ඔබ වේ අප ශක්ති ෴ අප හද තුළ භක්ති ෴ ඔබ අප ආලෝකේ ෴ අපගේ අනුප්‍රාණේ ෴ ඔබ අප ජීවන වේ ෴ අප මුක්තිය ඔබ වේ ෴ නව ජීවන දෙමිනේ නිතින අප පුබුදු කරන් මාතා ෴ ඥාන වීර්ය වඩවමින රැගෙන යනු මැන ජයභූමී කරා ෴ එක මවකගෙ දරුකැල බැවිනා යමු යමු වී නොපමා෴ ප්‍රේම වඩා සැම හේද දුරැර දා නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ අප ශ්‍රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා..... ==මේවාත් බලන්න== [[Image:Ceylan-map.png|thumb|Sri Lankan Map]] * [[ශ්‍රී ජයවර්ධනපුර කෝට්ටේ]] * [[කොළඹ]] * [[සාමය]] * [[සිංහල]] ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== : *[http://www.gov.lk ශ්‍රී ලංකා රජය] *[http://www.divaina.com දිවයින] *[http://www.theacademic.org ලංකා ඇකඩමික්(English)] *[http://www.infolanka.com ඉන්ෆො ලංකා(English)] *[http://www.lankanews.com ලංකානිවුස්] *[http://www.kaputa.com කපුටා වෙබ්] *[http://www.malkoha.com සිංහල ගීත(සින්දු)] *[http://groups.google.lk/group/Sinhala-Unicode] [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා]] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} [[ar:سريلانكا]] [[bg:Шри Ланка]] [[bn:শ্রীলংকা]] [[ca:Sri Lanka]] [[cs:Srí Lanka]] [[da:Sri Lanka]] [[de:Sri Lanka]] [[en:Sri Lanka]] [[eo:Sri-Lanko]] [[es:Sri Lanka]] [[et:Sri Lanka]] [[fa:سری لانکا]] [[fi:Sri Lanka]] [[fr:Sri Lanka]] [[gd:Sri Lanka]] [[gl:Sri Lanka - Sri Lankā]] [[he:סרי לנקה]] [[hi:श्रीलंका]] [[hr:Šri Lanka]] [[hu:Srí Lanka]] [[id:Sri Lanka]] [[io:Sri Lanka]] [[is:Srí Lanka]] [[it:Sri Lanka]] [[ja:スリランカ]] [[kn:ಶ್ರೀಲ೦ಕಾ]] [[ko:스리랑카]] [[li:Sri Lanka]] [[lt:Šri Lanka]] [[ml:ശ്രീലങ്ക]] [[ms:Sri Lanka]] [[nds:Sri Lanka]] [[nl:Sri Lanka]] [[nn:Sri Lanka]] [[no:Sri Lanka]] [[os:Шри-Ланка]] [[pl:Sri Lanka]] [[pt:Sri Lanka]] [[ro:Sri Lanka]] [[ru:Шри-Ланка]] [[sa:श्रीलङ्का]] [[scn:Sri Lanka]] [[sk:Srí Lanka]] [[sl:Šrilanka]] [[sr:Шри Ланка]] [[sv:Sri Lanka]] [[ta:இலங்கை]] [[th:ประเทศศรีลังกา]] [[tl:Sri Lanka]] [[tr:Sri Lanka]] [[uk:Шрі-Ланка]] [[zh:斯里蘭卡]] [[zh-min-nan:Sri Lanka]] 5380 2006-05-16T09:29:17Z 222.165.174.29 Typo corrected ත්‍රි‌ ==හැඳින්වීම== [[Image:Sri_lanka_flag_large.png|thumb|200px|right|ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජාතික ධජය]] ඉන්දියන් සාගරයේ මුතු ඇටය නමින් විරුදාවලිය ලත් ශ්‍රී ලංකාව, ආසියා මහද්වීපයට අයත් කුඩා දූපතකී. එය ඉන්දියාවට පහලින් දකුණු පසට වන්නට පිහිටා ඇත. එහි සම්පූර්ණ ප්‍රමාණය වර්ග කිලෝමීටර 65610 කි. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ අග නගරය "[[ශ්‍රී ජයවර්ධනපුර කෝට්ටේ]]" වේ. "ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්තත්‍රි‌ක සමාජවාදී ජනරජය" එහි නිලනාමය වෙයි. අවුරුදු 2500 කටත් වඩා වැඩි ප්‍රෞඩ ඉතිහාසයකට උරුමකම් කියන ශ්‍රී ලංකා ඉතිහාසය, ක්‍රි.පූ. 6වන සියවසේ විජය කුමරුගේ ආගමනයත් සමග ආරම්භ වූ බැව් කියැවේ. ප්‍රථම රාජධනිය ලෙස අනුරාධපුරය සැලකෙන අතර, රාජ්‍ය පරපුරේ අවසානය මහනුවර නගරය විය. විජය කුමරුගේ පැමිණිමටත් පෙර සිටම ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ මිනිසුන් ජිවත්ව තිබේ. විජය කුමරුගේ පැමිණීම සිදුවන විට කුවේණි කපු කටිමින් සිටි බව මහාවංශයේ සදහන් වේ. තවද ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ විසු ප්‍රබල රජ කෙනෙකු වන රාවණ රජු ද විජය කුමරු පැමීණීමට පෙර ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ රජ කල අයෙකි. වර්ෂ 1505 දී පරංගි(Portuguese) යටත් විජිතයක්වූ ලංකාව පසුව ඕලන්ද(Dutch) හා ඉංග්‍රිසි(British) අධිරාජ්‍යවාදීනට යටත්ව අවසානයේ වර්ෂ 1948න් පසු නිදහස් රාජ්‍යක් බවට පත්විය. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ වානිජ්‍ය අග නගරය වන්නේ කොළඹ නගරයයි. ප්‍රධාන පලාත් 9 කින් සහ දිස්ත්‍රි‌ක්‌ක 25 කින්ද සමන්විත වේ. සිංහල, දමිල,මුස්‌ලිම්, බර්ගර් ආදී ජාතින් ජීවත් වන ලක්‌බිමේ ප්‍රධාන ආගම් ලෙස බෞද්ධ , හින්ඳු, ක්‍රිස්‌තියානි හා ඉස්ලාම් ආගම් අදහන පිරිසකින් හෙබිය. වර්තමානය කෙසේ වුවත් ශ්‍රි ලංකාවෙහි ප්‍රධාන කර්මාන්තය වන්නේ වී ‍ගොවිතැනය. ==ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජාතික ගීය== ශ්‍රී ලංකා මාතා ෴ අප ශ්‍රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ සුන්දර සිරිබරිනි සුරැඳි අති සෝබමාන ලංකා ෴ ධාන්‍ය ධනය නෙක මල් පලතුරු පිරි ජය භුමිය රම්‍යා ෴ අප හට සැප සිරි සෙත සදනා ජීවනයේ මාතා ෴ පිළිගනු මැන අප භක්තී පූජා ෴ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ අප ශ්‍රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ ඔබ වේ අප විද්‍යා ෴ ඔබ මය අප සත්‍යා ෴ ඔබ වේ අප ශක්ති ෴ අප හද තුළ භක්ති ෴ ඔබ අප ආලෝකේ ෴ අපගේ අනුප්‍රාණේ ෴ ඔබ අප ජීවන වේ ෴ අප මුක්තිය ඔබ වේ ෴ නව ජීවන දෙමිනේ නිතින අප පුබුදු කරන් මාතා ෴ ඥාන වීර්ය වඩවමින රැගෙන යනු මැන ජයභූමී කරා ෴ එක මවකගෙ දරුකැල බැවිනා යමු යමු වී නොපමා෴ ප්‍රේම වඩා සැම හේද දුරැර දා නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ අප ශ්‍රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා..... ==මේවාත් බලන්න== [[Image:Ceylan-map.png|thumb|Sri Lankan Map]] * [[ශ්‍රී ජයවර්ධනපුර කෝට්ටේ]] * [[කොළඹ]] * [[සාමය]] * [[සිංහල]] ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== : *[http://www.gov.lk ශ්‍රී ලංකා රජය] *[http://www.divaina.com දිවයින] *[http://www.theacademic.org ලංකා ඇකඩමික්(English)] *[http://www.infolanka.com ඉන්ෆො ලංකා(English)] *[http://www.lankanews.com ලංකානිවුස්] *[http://www.kaputa.com කපුටා වෙබ්] *[http://www.malkoha.com සිංහල ගීත(සින්දු)] *[http://groups.google.lk/group/Sinhala-Unicode] [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා]] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} [[ar:سريلانكا]] [[bg:Шри Ланка]] [[bn:শ্রীলংকা]] [[ca:Sri Lanka]] [[cs:Srí Lanka]] [[da:Sri Lanka]] [[de:Sri Lanka]] [[en:Sri Lanka]] [[eo:Sri-Lanko]] [[es:Sri Lanka]] [[et:Sri Lanka]] [[fa:سری لانکا]] [[fi:Sri Lanka]] [[fr:Sri Lanka]] [[gd:Sri Lanka]] [[gl:Sri Lanka - Sri Lankā]] [[he:סרי לנקה]] [[hi:श्रीलंका]] [[hr:Šri Lanka]] [[hu:Srí Lanka]] [[id:Sri Lanka]] [[io:Sri Lanka]] [[is:Srí Lanka]] [[it:Sri Lanka]] [[ja:スリランカ]] [[kn:ಶ್ರೀಲ೦ಕಾ]] [[ko:스리랑카]] [[li:Sri Lanka]] [[lt:Šri Lanka]] [[ml:ശ്രീലങ്ക]] [[ms:Sri Lanka]] [[nds:Sri Lanka]] [[nl:Sri Lanka]] [[nn:Sri Lanka]] [[no:Sri Lanka]] [[os:Шри-Ланка]] [[pl:Sri Lanka]] [[pt:Sri Lanka]] [[ro:Sri Lanka]] [[ru:Шри-Ланка]] [[sa:श्रीलङ्का]] [[scn:Sri Lanka]] [[sk:Srí Lanka]] [[sl:Šrilanka]] [[sr:Шри Ланка]] [[sv:Sri Lanka]] [[ta:இலங்கை]] [[th:ประเทศศรีลังกา]] [[tl:Sri Lanka]] [[tr:Sri Lanka]] [[uk:Шрі-Ланка]] [[zh:斯里蘭卡]] [[zh-min-nan:Sri Lanka]] 5388 2006-05-16T20:58:15Z 88.108.4.74 /* ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජාතික ගීය */ ==හැඳින්වීම== [[Image:Sri_lanka_flag_large.png|thumb|200px|right|ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජාතික ධජය]] ඉන්දියන් සාගරයේ මුතු ඇටය නමින් විරුදාවලිය ලත් ශ්‍රී ලංකාව, ආසියා මහද්වීපයට අයත් කුඩා දූපතකී. එය ඉන්දියාවට පහලින් දකුණු පසට වන්නට පිහිටා ඇත. එහි සම්පූර්ණ ප්‍රමාණය වර්ග කිලෝමීටර 65610 කි. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ අග නගරය "[[ශ්‍රී ජයවර්ධනපුර කෝට්ටේ]]" වේ. "ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්තත්‍රි‌ක සමාජවාදී ජනරජය" එහි නිලනාමය වෙයි. අවුරුදු 2500 කටත් වඩා වැඩි ප්‍රෞඩ ඉතිහාසයකට උරුමකම් කියන ශ්‍රී ලංකා ඉතිහාසය, ක්‍රි.පූ. 6වන සියවසේ විජය කුමරුගේ ආගමනයත් සමග ආරම්භ වූ බැව් කියැවේ. ප්‍රථම රාජධනිය ලෙස අනුරාධපුරය සැලකෙන අතර, රාජ්‍ය පරපුරේ අවසානය මහනුවර නගරය විය. විජය කුමරුගේ පැමිණිමටත් පෙර සිටම ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ මිනිසුන් ජිවත්ව තිබේ. විජය කුමරුගේ පැමිණීම සිදුවන විට කුවේණි කපු කටිමින් සිටි බව මහාවංශයේ සදහන් වේ. තවද ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ විසු ප්‍රබල රජ කෙනෙකු වන රාවණ රජු ද විජය කුමරු පැමීණීමට පෙර ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ රජ කල අයෙකි. වර්ෂ 1505 දී පරංගි(Portuguese) යටත් විජිතයක්වූ ලංකාව පසුව ඕලන්ද(Dutch) හා ඉංග්‍රිසි(British) අධිරාජ්‍යවාදීනට යටත්ව අවසානයේ වර්ෂ 1948න් පසු නිදහස් රාජ්‍යක් බවට පත්විය. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ වානිජ්‍ය අග නගරය වන්නේ කොළඹ නගරයයි. ප්‍රධාන පලාත් 9 කින් සහ දිස්ත්‍රි‌ක්‌ක 25 කින්ද සමන්විත වේ. සිංහල, දමිල,මුස්‌ලිම්, බර්ගර් ආදී ජාතින් ජීවත් වන ලක්‌බිමේ ප්‍රධාන ආගම් ලෙස බෞද්ධ , හින්ඳු, ක්‍රිස්‌තියානි හා ඉස්ලාම් ආගම් අදහන පිරිසකින් හෙබිය. වර්තමානය කෙසේ වුවත් ශ්‍රි ලංකාවෙහි ප්‍රධාන කර්මාන්තය වන්නේ වී ‍ගොවිතැනය. ==ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජාතික ගීය== ශ්‍රී ලංකා මාතා ෴ අප ශ්‍රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ සුන්දර සිරිබරිනි සුරැඳි අති සෝබමාන ලංකා ෴ ධාන්‍ය ධනය නෙක මල් පලතුරු පිරි ජය භුමිය රම්‍යා ෴ අප හට සැප සිරි සෙත සදනා ජීවනයේ මාතා ෴ පිළිගනු මැන අප භක්තී පූජා ෴ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ අප ශ්‍රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ ඔබ වේ අප විද්‍යා ෴ ඔබ මය අප සත්‍යා ෴ ඔබ වේ අප ශක්ති ෴ererer rere e e අප හද තුළ භක්ති ෴ ඔබ අප ආලෝකේ ෴ අපගේ අනුප්‍රාණේ ෴ ඔබ අප ජීවන වේ ෴ අප මුක්තිය ඔබ වේ ෴ නව ජීවන දෙමිනේ නිතින අප පුබුදු කරන් මාතා ෴ ඥාන වීර්ය වඩවමින රැගෙන යනු මැන ජයභූමී කරා ෴ එක මවකගෙ දරුකැල බැවිනා යමු යමු වී නොපමා෴ ප්‍රේම වඩා සැම හේද දුරැර දා නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ අප ශ්‍රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා..... ==මේවාත් බලන්න== [[Image:Ceylan-map.png|thumb|Sri Lankan Map]] * [[ශ්‍රී ජයවර්ධනපුර කෝට්ටේ]] * [[කොළඹ]] * [[සාමය]] * [[සිංහල]] ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== : *[http://www.gov.lk ශ්‍රී ලංකා රජය] *[http://www.divaina.com දිවයින] *[http://www.theacademic.org ලංකා ඇකඩමික්(English)] *[http://www.infolanka.com ඉන්ෆො ලංකා(English)] *[http://www.lankanews.com ලංකානිවුස්] *[http://www.kaputa.com කපුටා වෙබ්] *[http://www.malkoha.com සිංහල ගීත(සින්දු)] *[http://groups.google.lk/group/Sinhala-Unicode] [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා]] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} [[ar:سريلانكا]] [[bg:Шри Ланка]] [[bn:শ্রীলংকা]] [[ca:Sri Lanka]] [[cs:Srí Lanka]] [[da:Sri Lanka]] [[de:Sri Lanka]] [[en:Sri Lanka]] [[eo:Sri-Lanko]] [[es:Sri Lanka]] [[et:Sri Lanka]] [[fa:سری لانکا]] [[fi:Sri Lanka]] [[fr:Sri Lanka]] [[gd:Sri Lanka]] [[gl:Sri Lanka - Sri Lankā]] [[he:סרי לנקה]] [[hi:श्रीलंका]] [[hr:Šri Lanka]] [[hu:Srí Lanka]] [[id:Sri Lanka]] [[io:Sri Lanka]] [[is:Srí Lanka]] [[it:Sri Lanka]] [[ja:スリランカ]] [[kn:ಶ್ರೀಲ೦ಕಾ]] [[ko:스리랑카]] [[li:Sri Lanka]] [[lt:Šri Lanka]] [[ml:ശ്രീലങ്ക]] [[ms:Sri Lanka]] [[nds:Sri Lanka]] [[nl:Sri Lanka]] [[nn:Sri Lanka]] [[no:Sri Lanka]] [[os:Шри-Ланка]] [[pl:Sri Lanka]] [[pt:Sri Lanka]] [[ro:Sri Lanka]] [[ru:Шри-Ланка]] [[sa:श्रीलङ्का]] [[scn:Sri Lanka]] [[sk:Srí Lanka]] [[sl:Šrilanka]] [[sr:Шри Ланка]] [[sv:Sri Lanka]] [[ta:இலங்கை]] [[th:ประเทศศรีลังกา]] [[tl:Sri Lanka]] [[tr:Sri Lanka]] [[uk:Шрі-Ланка]] [[zh:斯里蘭卡]] [[zh-min-nan:Sri Lanka]] 5389 2006-05-17T02:42:24Z Lee 85 /* ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජාතික ගීය */ ==හැඳින්වීම== [[Image:Sri_lanka_flag_large.png|thumb|200px|right|ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජාතික ධජය]] ඉන්දියන් සාගරයේ මුතු ඇටය නමින් විරුදාවලිය ලත් ශ්‍රී ලංකාව, ආසියා මහද්වීපයට අයත් කුඩා දූපතකී. එය ඉන්දියාවට පහලින් දකුණු පසට වන්නට පිහිටා ඇත. එහි සම්පූර්ණ ප්‍රමාණය වර්ග කිලෝමීටර 65610 කි. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ අග නගරය "[[ශ්‍රී ජයවර්ධනපුර කෝට්ටේ]]" වේ. "ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්තත්‍රි‌ක සමාජවාදී ජනරජය" එහි නිලනාමය වෙයි. අවුරුදු 2500 කටත් වඩා වැඩි ප්‍රෞඩ ඉතිහාසයකට උරුමකම් කියන ශ්‍රී ලංකා ඉතිහාසය, ක්‍රි.පූ. 6වන සියවසේ විජය කුමරුගේ ආගමනයත් සමග ආරම්භ වූ බැව් කියැවේ. ප්‍රථම රාජධනිය ලෙස අනුරාධපුරය සැලකෙන අතර, රාජ්‍ය පරපුරේ අවසානය මහනුවර නගරය විය. විජය කුමරුගේ පැමිණිමටත් පෙර සිටම ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ මිනිසුන් ජිවත්ව තිබේ. විජය කුමරුගේ පැමිණීම සිදුවන විට කුවේණි කපු කටිමින් සිටි බව මහාවංශයේ සදහන් වේ. තවද ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ විසු ප්‍රබල රජ කෙනෙකු වන රාවණ රජු ද විජය කුමරු පැමීණීමට පෙර ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ රජ කල අයෙකි. වර්ෂ 1505 දී පරංගි(Portuguese) යටත් විජිතයක්වූ ලංකාව පසුව ඕලන්ද(Dutch) හා ඉංග්‍රිසි(British) අධිරාජ්‍යවාදීනට යටත්ව අවසානයේ වර්ෂ 1948න් පසු නිදහස් රාජ්‍යක් බවට පත්විය. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ වානිජ්‍ය අග නගරය වන්නේ කොළඹ නගරයයි. ප්‍රධාන පලාත් 9 කින් සහ දිස්ත්‍රි‌ක්‌ක 25 කින්ද සමන්විත වේ. සිංහල, දමිල,මුස්‌ලිම්, බර්ගර් ආදී ජාතින් ජීවත් වන ලක්‌බිමේ ප්‍රධාන ආගම් ලෙස බෞද්ධ , හින්ඳු, ක්‍රිස්‌තියානි හා ඉස්ලාම් ආගම් අදහන පිරිසකින් හෙබිය. වර්තමානය කෙසේ වුවත් ශ්‍රි ලංකාවෙහි ප්‍රධාන කර්මාන්තය වන්නේ වී ‍ගොවිතැනය. ==ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජාතික ගීය== ශ්‍රී ලංකා මාතා ෴ අප ශ්‍රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ සුන්දර සිරිබරිනි සුරැඳි අති සෝබමාන ලංකා ෴ ධාන්‍ය ධනය නෙක මල් පලතුරු පිරි ජය භුමිය රම්‍යා ෴ අප හට සැප සිරි සෙත සදනා ජීවනයේ මාතා ෴ පිළිගනු මැන අප භක්තී පූජා ෴ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ අප ශ්‍රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ ඔබ වේ අප විද්‍යා ෴ ඔබ මය අප සත්‍යා ෴ ඔබ වේ අප ශක්ති ෴ අප හද තුළ භක්ති ෴ ඔබ අප ආලෝකේ ෴ අපගේ අනුප්‍රාණේ ෴ ඔබ අප ජීවන වේ ෴ අප මුක්තිය ඔබ වේ ෴ නව ජීවන දෙමිනේ නිතින අප පුබුදු කරන් මාතා ෴ ඥාන වීර්ය වඩවමින රැගෙන යනු මැන ජයභූමී කරා ෴ එක මවකගෙ දරුකැල බැවිනා යමු යමු වී නොපමා෴ ප්‍රේම වඩා සැම හේද දුරැර දා නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ අප ශ්‍රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා..... ==මේවාත් බලන්න== [[Image:Ceylan-map.png|thumb|Sri Lankan Map]] * [[ශ්‍රී ජයවර්ධනපුර කෝට්ටේ]] * [[කොළඹ]] * [[සාමය]] * [[සිංහල]] ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== : *[http://www.gov.lk ශ්‍රී ලංකා රජය] *[http://www.divaina.com දිවයින] *[http://www.theacademic.org ලංකා ඇකඩමික්(English)] *[http://www.infolanka.com ඉන්ෆො ලංකා(English)] *[http://www.lankanews.com ලංකානිවුස්] *[http://www.kaputa.com කපුටා වෙබ්] *[http://www.malkoha.com සිංහල ගීත(සින්දු)] *[http://groups.google.lk/group/Sinhala-Unicode] [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා]] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} [[ar:سريلانكا]] [[bg:Шри Ланка]] [[bn:শ্রীলংকা]] [[ca:Sri Lanka]] [[cs:Srí Lanka]] [[da:Sri Lanka]] [[de:Sri Lanka]] [[en:Sri Lanka]] [[eo:Sri-Lanko]] [[es:Sri Lanka]] [[et:Sri Lanka]] [[fa:سری لانکا]] [[fi:Sri Lanka]] [[fr:Sri Lanka]] [[gd:Sri Lanka]] [[gl:Sri Lanka - Sri Lankā]] [[he:סרי לנקה]] [[hi:श्रीलंका]] [[hr:Šri Lanka]] [[hu:Srí Lanka]] [[id:Sri Lanka]] [[io:Sri Lanka]] [[is:Srí Lanka]] [[it:Sri Lanka]] [[ja:スリランカ]] [[kn:ಶ್ರೀಲ೦ಕಾ]] [[ko:스리랑카]] [[li:Sri Lanka]] [[lt:Šri Lanka]] [[ml:ശ്രീലങ്ക]] [[ms:Sri Lanka]] [[nds:Sri Lanka]] [[nl:Sri Lanka]] [[nn:Sri Lanka]] [[no:Sri Lanka]] [[os:Шри-Ланка]] [[pl:Sri Lanka]] [[pt:Sri Lanka]] [[ro:Sri Lanka]] [[ru:Шри-Ланка]] [[sa:श्रीलङ्का]] [[scn:Sri Lanka]] [[sk:Srí Lanka]] [[sl:Šrilanka]] [[sr:Шри Ланка]] [[sv:Sri Lanka]] [[ta:இலங்கை]] [[th:ประเทศศรีลังกา]] [[tl:Sri Lanka]] [[tr:Sri Lanka]] [[uk:Шрі-Ланка]] [[zh:斯里蘭卡]] [[zh-min-nan:Sri Lanka]] 5486 2006-06-03T00:03:21Z 131.111.8.102 fix cs: +an: eu: sq: ==හැඳින්වීම== [[Image:Sri_lanka_flag_large.png|thumb|200px|right|ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජාතික ධජය]] ඉන්දියන් සාගරයේ මුතු ඇටය නමින් විරුදාවලිය ලත් ශ්‍රී ලංකාව, ආසියා මහද්වීපයට අයත් කුඩා දූපතකී. එය ඉන්දියාවට පහලින් දකුණු පසට වන්නට පිහිටා ඇත. එහි සම්පූර්ණ ප්‍රමාණය වර්ග කිලෝමීටර 65610 කි. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ අග නගරය "[[ශ්‍රී ජයවර්ධනපුර කෝට්ටේ]]" වේ. "ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්තත්‍රි‌ක සමාජවාදී ජනරජය" එහි නිලනාමය වෙයි. අවුරුදු 2500 කටත් වඩා වැඩි ප්‍රෞඩ ඉතිහාසයකට උරුමකම් කියන ශ්‍රී ලංකා ඉතිහාසය, ක්‍රි.පූ. 6වන සියවසේ විජය කුමරුගේ ආගමනයත් සමග ආරම්භ වූ බැව් කියැවේ. ප්‍රථම රාජධනිය ලෙස අනුරාධපුරය සැලකෙන අතර, රාජ්‍ය පරපුරේ අවසානය මහනුවර නගරය විය. විජය කුමරුගේ පැමිණිමටත් පෙර සිටම ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ මිනිසුන් ජිවත්ව තිබේ. විජය කුමරුගේ පැමිණීම සිදුවන විට කුවේණි කපු කටිමින් සිටි බව මහාවංශයේ සදහන් වේ. තවද ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ විසු ප්‍රබල රජ කෙනෙකු වන රාවණ රජු ද විජය කුමරු පැමීණීමට පෙර ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ රජ කල අයෙකි. වර්ෂ 1505 දී පරංගි(Portuguese) යටත් විජිතයක්වූ ලංකාව පසුව ඕලන්ද(Dutch) හා ඉංග්‍රිසි(British) අධිරාජ්‍යවාදීනට යටත්ව අවසානයේ වර්ෂ 1948න් පසු නිදහස් රාජ්‍යක් බවට පත්විය. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ වානිජ්‍ය අග නගරය වන්නේ කොළඹ නගරයයි. ප්‍රධාන පලාත් 9 කින් සහ දිස්ත්‍රි‌ක්‌ක 25 කින්ද සමන්විත වේ. සිංහල, දමිල,මුස්‌ලිම්, බර්ගර් ආදී ජාතින් ජීවත් වන ලක්‌බිමේ ප්‍රධාන ආගම් ලෙස බෞද්ධ , හින්ඳු, ක්‍රිස්‌තියානි හා ඉස්ලාම් ආගම් අදහන පිරිසකින් හෙබිය. වර්තමානය කෙසේ වුවත් ශ්‍රි ලංකාවෙහි ප්‍රධාන කර්මාන්තය වන්නේ වී ‍ගොවිතැනය. ==ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජාතික ගීය== ශ්‍රී ලංකා මාතා ෴ අප ශ්‍රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ සුන්දර සිරිබරිනි සුරැඳි අති සෝබමාන ලංකා ෴ ධාන්‍ය ධනය නෙක මල් පලතුරු පිරි ජය භුමිය රම්‍යා ෴ අප හට සැප සිරි සෙත සදනා ජීවනයේ මාතා ෴ පිළිගනු මැන අප භක්තී පූජා ෴ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ අප ශ්‍රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ ඔබ වේ අප විද්‍යා ෴ ඔබ මය අප සත්‍යා ෴ ඔබ වේ අප ශක්ති ෴ අප හද තුළ භක්ති ෴ ඔබ අප ආලෝකේ ෴ අපගේ අනුප්‍රාණේ ෴ ඔබ අප ජීවන වේ ෴ අප මුක්තිය ඔබ වේ ෴ නව ජීවන දෙමිනේ නිතින අප පුබුදු කරන් මාතා ෴ ඥාන වීර්ය වඩවමින රැගෙන යනු මැන ජයභූමී කරා ෴ එක මවකගෙ දරුකැල බැවිනා යමු යමු වී නොපමා෴ ප්‍රේම වඩා සැම හේද දුරැර දා නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ අප ශ්‍රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා..... ==මේවාත් බලන්න== [[Image:Ceylan-map.png|thumb|Sri Lankan Map]] * [[ශ්‍රී ජයවර්ධනපුර කෝට්ටේ]] * [[කොළඹ]] * [[සාමය]] * [[සිංහල]] ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== : *[http://www.gov.lk ශ්‍රී ලංකා රජය] *[http://www.divaina.com දිවයින] *[http://www.theacademic.org ලංකා ඇකඩමික්(English)] *[http://www.infolanka.com ඉන්ෆො ලංකා(English)] *[http://www.lankanews.com ලංකානිවුස්] *[http://www.kaputa.com කපුටා වෙබ්] *[http://www.malkoha.com සිංහල ගීත(සින්දු)] *[http://groups.google.lk/group/Sinhala-Unicode] [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා]] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} [[an:Sri Lanka]] [[ar:سريلانكا]] [[bg:Шри Ланка]] [[bn:শ্রীলংকা]] [[ca:Sri Lanka]] [[cs:Šrí Lanka]] [[da:Sri Lanka]] [[de:Sri Lanka]] [[en:Sri Lanka]] [[eo:Sri-Lanko]] [[es:Sri Lanka]] [[et:Sri Lanka]] [[eu:Sri Lanka]] [[fa:سری لانکا]] [[fi:Sri Lanka]] [[fr:Sri Lanka]] [[gd:Sri Lanka]] [[gl:Sri Lanka - Sri Lankā]] [[he:סרי לנקה]] [[hi:श्रीलंका]] [[hr:Šri Lanka]] [[hu:Srí Lanka]] [[id:Sri Lanka]] [[io:Sri Lanka]] [[is:Srí Lanka]] [[it:Sri Lanka]] [[ja:スリランカ]] [[kn:ಶ್ರೀಲ೦ಕಾ]] [[ko:스리랑카]] [[li:Sri Lanka]] [[lt:Šri Lanka]] [[ml:ശ്രീലങ്ക]] [[ms:Sri Lanka]] [[nds:Sri Lanka]] [[nl:Sri Lanka]] [[nn:Sri Lanka]] [[no:Sri Lanka]] [[os:Шри-Ланка]] [[pl:Sri Lanka]] [[pt:Sri Lanka]] [[ro:Sri Lanka]] [[ru:Шри-Ланка]] [[sa:श्रीलङ्का]] [[scn:Sri Lanka]] [[sk:Srí Lanka]] [[sl:Šrilanka]] [[sq:Shiri Lanka]] [[sr:Шри Ланка]] [[sv:Sri Lanka]] [[ta:இலங்கை]] [[th:ประเทศศรีลังกา]] [[tl:Sri Lanka]] [[tr:Sri Lanka]] [[uk:Шрі-Ланка]] [[zh:斯里蘭卡]] [[zh-min-nan:Sri Lanka]] MediaWiki:Exif-focalplaneresolutionunit-2 1517 sysop 4188 2005-07-29T11:09:16Z MediaWiki default inches MediaWiki:Exif-subjectdistance-value 1518 sysop 4191 2005-07-29T11:09:16Z MediaWiki default $1 metres MediaWiki:Exif-xyresolution-c 1519 sysop 4193 2005-07-29T11:09:16Z MediaWiki default $1 dpc MediaWiki:Exif-xyresolution-i 1520 sysop 4194 2005-07-29T11:09:16Z MediaWiki default $1 dpi MediaWiki:Shareddescriptionfollows 1521 sysop 4217 2005-07-29T11:09:18Z MediaWiki default - MediaWiki:Skinpreview 1522 sysop 4222 2005-07-29T11:09:18Z MediaWiki default (Preview) MediaWiki:Trackback 1523 sysop 4227 2005-07-29T11:09:19Z MediaWiki default ; $4$5 : [$2 $1] 4275 2005-08-19T23:37:33Z MediaWiki default ; $4$5 : [$2 $1] 4316 2005-09-05T09:54:34Z MediaWiki default ; $4$5 : [$2 $1] 4563 2005-11-09T23:10:59Z MediaWiki default ; $4$5 : [$2 $1] 4619 2005-11-29T21:33:24Z MediaWiki default ; $4$5 : [$2 $1] 4667 2005-12-02T02:44:09Z MediaWiki default ; $4$5 : [$2 $1] 4692 2005-12-02T04:16:56Z MediaWiki default ; $4$5 : [$2 $1] MediaWiki:Trackbackbox 1524 sysop 4228 2005-07-29T11:09:19Z MediaWiki default <div id='mw_trackbacks'> Trackbacks for this article: $1 </div> 4276 2005-08-19T23:37:33Z MediaWiki default <div id='mw_trackbacks'> Trackbacks for this article: $1 </div> 4317 2005-09-05T09:54:34Z MediaWiki default <div id='mw_trackbacks'> Trackbacks for this article: $1 </div> 4564 2005-11-09T23:10:59Z MediaWiki default <div id='mw_trackbacks'> Trackbacks for this article: $1 </div> 4620 2005-11-29T21:33:24Z MediaWiki default <div id='mw_trackbacks'> Trackbacks for this article: $1 </div> 4668 2005-12-02T02:44:09Z MediaWiki default <div id='mw_trackbacks'> Trackbacks for this article: $1 </div> 4693 2005-12-02T04:16:56Z MediaWiki default <div id='mw_trackbacks'> Trackbacks for this article: $1 </div> 4746 2005-12-22T07:39:47Z MediaWiki default <div id="mw_trackbacks"> Trackbacks for this article: $1 </div> MediaWiki:Trackbackdeleteok 1525 sysop 4229 2005-07-29T11:09:19Z MediaWiki default The trackback was successfully deleted. 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MediaWiki:Val rev stats 1534 sysop 4242 2005-07-29T11:09:19Z MediaWiki default See the validation statistics for "$1" <a href="$2">here</a> Andrej Hostnikar 1536 4251 2005-08-10T17:43:20Z 82.149.2.37 [http://andrej.hostnikar.net Andrej Hostnikar] Sp. Slemen 18 2352 Selnica ob Dravi 4630 2005-11-30T19:11:35Z 82.149.2.37 5327 2006-05-05T15:09:35Z 82.149.2.37 http://andrej.hostnikar.net/ MediaWiki:Expiringblock 1537 sysop 4260 2005-08-19T23:37:31Z MediaWiki default expires $1 MediaWiki:Infiniteblock 1538 sysop 4261 2005-08-19T23:37:31Z MediaWiki default infinite MediaWiki:Ipblocklistempty 1539 sysop 4262 2005-08-19T23:37:31Z MediaWiki default The blocklist is empty. 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MediaWiki:License 1551 sysop 4293 2005-09-05T09:54:32Z MediaWiki default Licensing MediaWiki:Loginreqlink 1552 sysop 4294 2005-09-05T09:54:33Z MediaWiki default login 5832 2006-07-01T19:07:51Z MediaWiki default log in MediaWiki:Loginreqpagetext 1553 sysop 4295 2005-09-05T09:54:33Z MediaWiki default You must $1 to view other pages. MediaWiki:Noimage-linktext 1554 sysop 4300 2005-09-05T09:54:33Z MediaWiki default upload it MediaWiki:Nolicense 1555 sysop 4301 2005-09-05T09:54:33Z MediaWiki default None selected MediaWiki:Permalink 1556 sysop 4305 2005-09-05T09:54:33Z MediaWiki default Permanent link MediaWiki:Prefixindex 1557 sysop 4306 2005-09-05T09:54:33Z MediaWiki default Prefix index MediaWiki:Recreate 1558 sysop 4308 2005-09-05T09:54:33Z MediaWiki default Recreate MediaWiki:Shareduploadwiki-linktext 1559 sysop 4310 2005-09-05T09:54:33Z MediaWiki default file description page MediaWiki:Showhidebots 1560 sysop 4312 2005-09-05T09:54:33Z MediaWiki default ($1 bots) MediaWiki:Tooltip-recreate 1561 sysop 4315 2005-09-05T09:54:34Z MediaWiki default 5894 2006-07-01T19:07:52Z MediaWiki default Recreate the page despite it has been deleted MediaWiki:Undeletehistorynoadmin 1562 sysop 4320 2005-09-05T09:54:34Z MediaWiki default This article has been deleted. The reason for deletion is shown in the summary below, along with details of the users who had edited this page before deletion. The actual text of these deleted revisions is only available to administrators. 4921 2006-02-26T02:05:32Z MediaWiki default This article has been deleted. The reason for deletion is shown in the summary below, along with details of the users who had edited this page before deletion. The actual text of these deleted revisions is only available to administrators. MediaWiki:Updatedmarker 1563 sysop 4321 2005-09-05T09:54:34Z MediaWiki default updated since my last visit MediaWiki:Viewdeleted 1564 sysop 4325 2005-09-05T09:54:35Z MediaWiki default View $1? MediaWiki:Viewdeletedpage 1565 sysop 4326 2005-09-05T09:54:35Z MediaWiki default View deleted pages MediaWiki:Wlhideshowbots 1566 sysop 4328 2005-09-05T09:54:35Z MediaWiki default $1 bot edits. 5923 2006-07-01T19:07:52Z MediaWiki default $1 bot edits Talk:ආයුෙබා්වන්. 1567 4332 2005-09-07T16:48:09Z Chin 20 Well.. [[User:Chin|Chin Dayaratne]] 16:48, 7 September 2005 (UTC) 4385 2005-09-11T21:30:41Z Chin 20 Talk:Main Page moved to Talk:ආයුෙබා්වන්. Well.. [[User:Chin|Chin Dayaratne]] 16:48, 7 September 2005 (UTC) User:Chin 1568 4333 2005-09-07T16:51:00Z Chin 20 Hi I'm Chin 4339 2005-09-09T17:29:51Z Chin 20 Hi. Welcome to Sinhala Wikipedia. I'm Chin Dayaratne. Please visit my website at [[http://dextr.blogspot.com Dextr's blog]]. I have big dreams for Si-wiki. Please register yourself (if you haven't already done so) and start working on an article. Here is a picture of myself. [[Image:PIC000510.jpg]] 4340 2005-09-09T17:30:53Z Chin 20 Hi. Welcome to Sinhala Wikipedia. I'm Chin Dayaratne. Please visit my website at [[http://dextr.blogspot.com Dextr's blog]]. I have big dreams for Si-wiki. Please register yourself (if you haven't already done so) and start working on an article. Here is a picture of myself. [Image:PIC000510.jpg] 4341 2005-09-09T17:33:32Z Chin 20 Hi. Welcome to Sinhala Wikipedia. I'm Chin Dayaratne. Please visit my website at [http://dextr.blogspot.com Dextr's blog]. I have big dreams for Si-wiki. Please register yourself (if you haven't already done so) and start working on an article. Here is a picture of myself. [[Image:PIC000510.jpg]] 4360 2005-09-10T11:55:50Z Chin 20 == ආයුෙබා්වන් Ayubowan== [[Image:PIC000510.jpg|thumb|This is me]] My name is Chin Dayaratne. Welcome to Sinhala Wikipedia (si-wiki for short). This is our very own free encyclopedia that anyone can edit. Please help by contributing new articles and editing existing ones. Don't forget to become a member first (although it is not compulsory). [[Special:Contributions/Chin|Here]] is a list of some articles that I have recently edited. You can contact me on my [[User_talk:Chin|talk]] page. My website is [http://dextr.blogspot.com Dextr's blog] ---- [[User:Chin|Chin Dayaratne]] 11:55, 10 September 2005 (UTC) Image:PIC000510.jpg 1569 4335 2005-09-08T18:16:13Z Chin 20 Template:Stub 1570 4348 2005-09-09T22:18:01Z Chin 20 <div class="notice metadata" id="stub" style="clear:both;">''ෙමම පිටුව [[Wikipedia:අසම්පූර්ණ|අසම්පූර්ණය]]. ඔබට හැකිනම් එය [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}} සම්පූර්ණ] කරන්න..''</div> [[Category:Stubs]] 4410 2005-09-12T21:57:26Z Chin 20 #REDIRECT [[අසම්පූර්ණ]] 4411 2005-09-12T21:58:32Z Chin 20 #REDIRECT [[Template:අසම්පූර්ණ]] Template:අසම්පූර්ණ 1571 4349 2005-09-09T22:19:44Z Chin 20 <div class="notice metadata" id="stub" style="clear:both;">''ෙමම පිටුව [[Wikipedia:අසම්පූර්ණ|අසම්පූර්ණය]]. ඔබට හැකිනම් එය [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}} සම්පූර්ණ] කරන්න..''</div> [[Category:Stubs]] 4382 2005-09-11T21:19:26Z Chin 20 <center><div class="notice metadata" id="stub" style="clear:both;">''ෙමම පිටුව [[Wikipedia:අසම්පූර්ණ|අසම්පූර්ණය]]. ඔබට හැකිනම් එය [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}} සම්පූර්ණ] කරන්න..''</div> [[Category:Stubs]] </center> 4402 2005-09-12T15:15:04Z Chin 20 <center><div class="notice metadata" id="stub" style="clear:both;" align="center">''ෙමම පිටුව [[Wikipedia:අසම්පූර්ණ|අසම්පූර්ණය]]. ඔබට හැකිනම් එය [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}} සම්පූර්ණ] කරන්න..''</div> [[Category:Stubs]] </center> 5050 2006-04-12T20:46:05Z 222.165.180.35 <center><div class="notice metadata" id="stub" style="clear:both;" align="center">''මෙම පිටුව [[Wikipedia:අසම්පූර්ණ|අසම්පූර්ණය]]. ඔබට හැකිනම් එය [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}} සම්පූර්ණ] කරන්න..''</div> [[Category:Stubs]] </center> Wikipedia:අසම්පූර්ණ 1572 4351 2005-09-09T22:25:23Z Chin 20 ෙමම පිටුව අසම්පූර්ණය. ඔබට හැකිනම් එය සම්පූර්ණ කරන්න. 4352 2005-09-09T22:26:30Z Chin 20 start ෙමම පිටුව අසම්පූර්ණය. ඔබට හැකිනම් එය සම්පූර්ණ කරන්න. Wikipedia:Administrators 1573 4354 2005-09-10T07:21:13Z 24.251.198.251 An '''administrator''' is also called a ''sysop''. You can add requests to this page for things that can only be done by sysops. If you want a page deleted, say so on the [[Wikipedia:Proposed deletions]] page. Sysops are allowed to do some things that other users are not. This is for performance reasons (it would make the website too slow to let everyone do it). It is also for security reasons (because they are trusted). If you want to become one, please say so on this page. Anyone who has been adding to this website for a while is allowed to be an administrator. Jimbo said "this should be no big deal". Sysops do not have any special authority. They are equal to everybody else. Things administrators can do: * Delete pages - [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy]], [[Wikipedia:Proposed deletions]] * Protect and unprotect pages, and edit protected pages - [[Wikipedia:Protection policy]] * stop users who damage pages - [[Wikipedia:Bans and blocks]], [[Wikipedia:Vandalism in progress]] :''See also: Adminstrator logs'' - [[Special:Log/block|Blocks]], [[Special:Log/protect|Page protection]], [[Special:Log/delete|Deletions]] ---- A '''bureaucrat''' is a slightly higher administrative level that can perform a few additional functions. Bureacrats can give administrator or bureaucrat status to other users following a successful request on this page. Bureaucrats can also help users who want to [[:meta:Changing username|change user names]]. Requests for name changes should be made directly to the talk page of one of the listed bureaucrats. :''See also: Bureaucrat logs'' - [[Special:Log/rights|User rights]], [[Special:Log/renameuser|User rename]] ==List of administrators== :''An automated list of accounts with admin status is available at [[Special:Listadmins]].'' === Active === === Inactive === == Nominations and requests to be an administrator == ==Current issues and requests== Users can contact sysops on this page to ask them to protect pages. Requests for deletion should be made on [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion]] and requests for blocking on [[Wikipedia:Vandalism in progress]]. All sysops should watch this section for issues that sysops must be aware of, and for news about policy changes affecting sysops. == See also == * [[Wikipedia:Policy]] * [[meta:Administrators of various Wikipedias]] [[Category:Wikipedia|Administrators]] [[af:Wikipedia:Administrateurs]] [[als:Wikipedia:Administratoren]] [[ar:ويكيبيديا:Administrators]] [[ast:Wikipedia:Alministradores]] [[be:Вікіпэдыя:Адміністрацыя]] [[bg:Уикипедия:Администратори]] [[bs:Wikipedia:Administratori]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:Administradors]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Správci]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Gweinyddwyr]] [[da:Wikipedia:Administratorer]] [[de:Wikipedia:Administratoren]] [[el:Βικιπαίδεια:Διαχειριστές]] [[en:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Administrantoj]] [[es:Wikipedia:Bibliotecarios]] [[et:Vikipeedia:Administraatorid]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Administratzaileak]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Ylläpitäjät]] [[fo:Wikipedia:Umboðsstjóri]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Administrateur]] [[fy:Wikipedy:Behearders]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Riarthóirí]] [[gl:Wikipedia:Administradores]] [[gu:વિકિપીડિયા:પ્રબંધક]] [[he:ויקיפדיה:מפעיל מערכת]] [[hi:विकिपीडिया:प्रबन्धक]] [[hu:Wikipédia:Adminisztrátorok]] [[ia:Wikipedia:Administratores]] [[id:Wikipedia:Pengurus]] [[io:Wikipedia:Administranti]] [[is:Wikipedia:Stjórnendur]] [[it:Wikipedia:Amministratori]] [[ja:Wikipedia:管理者]] [[ka:ვიკიპედია:ადმინისტრატორები]] [[ko:위키백과:관리자]] [[la:Wikipedia:Magistratus]] [[lb:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[li:Wikipedia:Systeembeheerders]] [[lt:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[lv:Wikipedia:Administrācija]] [[mi:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[mk:Wikipedia:Администратори]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Penyelia]] [[mt:Wikipedia:Amministraturi]] [[na:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[nb:Wikipedia:Administratorer]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[nl:Wikipedia:Moderator]] [[nn:Wikipedia:Administratorar]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Administratorzy]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Administradores]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Administratori]] [[ru:Википедия:Администраторы]] [[sa:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[scn:Wikipedia:Amministraturi]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Admin]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Administratorji]] [[sq:Wikipedia:Administruesit]] [[sr:Википедија:Администратори]] [[su:Wikipédia:Kuncén]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Administratörer]] [[tr:Wikipedia:Yöneticiler]] [[vi:Wikipedia:Người quản lý]] [[wa:Wikipedia:Manaedjeus]] [[zh:Wikipedia:管理员]] [[zh-min-nan:Wikipedia:Hêng-chèng jîn-oân]] 4357 2005-09-10T11:37:39Z Chin 20 /* Nominations and requests to be an administrator */ An '''administrator''' is also called a ''sysop''. You can add requests to this page for things that can only be done by sysops. If you want a page deleted, say so on the [[Wikipedia:Proposed deletions]] page. Sysops are allowed to do some things that other users are not. This is for performance reasons (it would make the website too slow to let everyone do it). It is also for security reasons (because they are trusted). If you want to become one, please say so on this page. Anyone who has been adding to this website for a while is allowed to be an administrator. Jimbo said "this should be no big deal". Sysops do not have any special authority. They are equal to everybody else. Things administrators can do: * Delete pages - [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy]], [[Wikipedia:Proposed deletions]] * Protect and unprotect pages, and edit protected pages - [[Wikipedia:Protection policy]] * stop users who damage pages - [[Wikipedia:Bans and blocks]], [[Wikipedia:Vandalism in progress]] :''See also: Adminstrator logs'' - [[Special:Log/block|Blocks]], [[Special:Log/protect|Page protection]], [[Special:Log/delete|Deletions]] ---- A '''bureaucrat''' is a slightly higher administrative level that can perform a few additional functions. Bureacrats can give administrator or bureaucrat status to other users following a successful request on this page. Bureaucrats can also help users who want to [[:meta:Changing username|change user names]]. Requests for name changes should be made directly to the talk page of one of the listed bureaucrats. :''See also: Bureaucrat logs'' - [[Special:Log/rights|User rights]], [[Special:Log/renameuser|User rename]] ==List of administrators== :''An automated list of accounts with admin status is available at [[Special:Listadmins]].'' === Active === === Inactive === == Nominations and requests to be an administrator == *[User:Chin] added by [[User:Chin|Chin Dayaratne]] 11:37, 10 September 2005 (UTC) ==Current issues and requests== Users can contact sysops on this page to ask them to protect pages. Requests for deletion should be made on [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion]] and requests for blocking on [[Wikipedia:Vandalism in progress]]. All sysops should watch this section for issues that sysops must be aware of, and for news about policy changes affecting sysops. == See also == * [[Wikipedia:Policy]] * [[meta:Administrators of various Wikipedias]] [[Category:Wikipedia|Administrators]] [[af:Wikipedia:Administrateurs]] [[als:Wikipedia:Administratoren]] [[ar:ويكيبيديا:Administrators]] [[ast:Wikipedia:Alministradores]] [[be:Вікіпэдыя:Адміністрацыя]] [[bg:Уикипедия:Администратори]] [[bs:Wikipedia:Administratori]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:Administradors]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Správci]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Gweinyddwyr]] [[da:Wikipedia:Administratorer]] [[de:Wikipedia:Administratoren]] [[el:Βικιπαίδεια:Διαχειριστές]] [[en:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Administrantoj]] [[es:Wikipedia:Bibliotecarios]] [[et:Vikipeedia:Administraatorid]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Administratzaileak]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Ylläpitäjät]] [[fo:Wikipedia:Umboðsstjóri]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Administrateur]] [[fy:Wikipedy:Behearders]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Riarthóirí]] [[gl:Wikipedia:Administradores]] [[gu:વિકિપીડિયા:પ્રબંધક]] [[he:ויקיפדיה:מפעיל מערכת]] [[hi:विकिपीडिया:प्रबन्धक]] [[hu:Wikipédia:Adminisztrátorok]] [[ia:Wikipedia:Administratores]] [[id:Wikipedia:Pengurus]] [[io:Wikipedia:Administranti]] [[is:Wikipedia:Stjórnendur]] [[it:Wikipedia:Amministratori]] [[ja:Wikipedia:管理者]] [[ka:ვიკიპედია:ადმინისტრატორები]] [[ko:위키백과:관리자]] [[la:Wikipedia:Magistratus]] [[lb:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[li:Wikipedia:Systeembeheerders]] [[lt:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[lv:Wikipedia:Administrācija]] [[mi:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[mk:Wikipedia:Администратори]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Penyelia]] [[mt:Wikipedia:Amministraturi]] [[na:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[nb:Wikipedia:Administratorer]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[nl:Wikipedia:Moderator]] [[nn:Wikipedia:Administratorar]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Administratorzy]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Administradores]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Administratori]] [[ru:Википедия:Администраторы]] [[sa:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[scn:Wikipedia:Amministraturi]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Admin]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Administratorji]] [[sq:Wikipedia:Administruesit]] [[sr:Википедија:Администратори]] [[su:Wikipédia:Kuncén]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Administratörer]] [[tr:Wikipedia:Yöneticiler]] [[vi:Wikipedia:Người quản lý]] [[wa:Wikipedia:Manaedjeus]] [[zh:Wikipedia:管理员]] [[zh-min-nan:Wikipedia:Hêng-chèng jîn-oân]] 4358 2005-09-10T11:38:35Z Chin 20 /* Nominations and requests to be an administrator */ An '''administrator''' is also called a ''sysop''. You can add requests to this page for things that can only be done by sysops. If you want a page deleted, say so on the [[Wikipedia:Proposed deletions]] page. Sysops are allowed to do some things that other users are not. This is for performance reasons (it would make the website too slow to let everyone do it). It is also for security reasons (because they are trusted). If you want to become one, please say so on this page. Anyone who has been adding to this website for a while is allowed to be an administrator. Jimbo said "this should be no big deal". Sysops do not have any special authority. They are equal to everybody else. Things administrators can do: * Delete pages - [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy]], [[Wikipedia:Proposed deletions]] * Protect and unprotect pages, and edit protected pages - [[Wikipedia:Protection policy]] * stop users who damage pages - [[Wikipedia:Bans and blocks]], [[Wikipedia:Vandalism in progress]] :''See also: Adminstrator logs'' - [[Special:Log/block|Blocks]], [[Special:Log/protect|Page protection]], [[Special:Log/delete|Deletions]] ---- A '''bureaucrat''' is a slightly higher administrative level that can perform a few additional functions. Bureacrats can give administrator or bureaucrat status to other users following a successful request on this page. Bureaucrats can also help users who want to [[:meta:Changing username|change user names]]. Requests for name changes should be made directly to the talk page of one of the listed bureaucrats. :''See also: Bureaucrat logs'' - [[Special:Log/rights|User rights]], [[Special:Log/renameuser|User rename]] ==List of administrators== :''An automated list of accounts with admin status is available at [[Special:Listadmins]].'' === Active === === Inactive === == Nominations and requests to be an administrator == *[[User:Chin]] added by [[User:Chin|Chin Dayaratne]] 11:37, 10 September 2005 (UTC) ==Current issues and requests== Users can contact sysops on this page to ask them to protect pages. Requests for deletion should be made on [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion]] and requests for blocking on [[Wikipedia:Vandalism in progress]]. All sysops should watch this section for issues that sysops must be aware of, and for news about policy changes affecting sysops. == See also == * [[Wikipedia:Policy]] * [[meta:Administrators of various Wikipedias]] [[Category:Wikipedia|Administrators]] [[af:Wikipedia:Administrateurs]] [[als:Wikipedia:Administratoren]] [[ar:ويكيبيديا:Administrators]] [[ast:Wikipedia:Alministradores]] [[be:Вікіпэдыя:Адміністрацыя]] [[bg:Уикипедия:Администратори]] [[bs:Wikipedia:Administratori]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:Administradors]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Správci]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Gweinyddwyr]] [[da:Wikipedia:Administratorer]] [[de:Wikipedia:Administratoren]] [[el:Βικιπαίδεια:Διαχειριστές]] [[en:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Administrantoj]] [[es:Wikipedia:Bibliotecarios]] [[et:Vikipeedia:Administraatorid]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Administratzaileak]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Ylläpitäjät]] [[fo:Wikipedia:Umboðsstjóri]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Administrateur]] [[fy:Wikipedy:Behearders]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Riarthóirí]] [[gl:Wikipedia:Administradores]] [[gu:વિકિપીડિયા:પ્રબંધક]] [[he:ויקיפדיה:מפעיל מערכת]] [[hi:विकिपीडिया:प्रबन्धक]] [[hu:Wikipédia:Adminisztrátorok]] [[ia:Wikipedia:Administratores]] [[id:Wikipedia:Pengurus]] [[io:Wikipedia:Administranti]] [[is:Wikipedia:Stjórnendur]] [[it:Wikipedia:Amministratori]] [[ja:Wikipedia:管理者]] [[ka:ვიკიპედია:ადმინისტრატორები]] [[ko:위키백과:관리자]] [[la:Wikipedia:Magistratus]] [[lb:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[li:Wikipedia:Systeembeheerders]] [[lt:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[lv:Wikipedia:Administrācija]] [[mi:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[mk:Wikipedia:Администратори]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Penyelia]] [[mt:Wikipedia:Amministraturi]] [[na:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[nb:Wikipedia:Administratorer]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[nl:Wikipedia:Moderator]] [[nn:Wikipedia:Administratorar]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Administratorzy]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Administradores]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Administratori]] [[ru:Википедия:Администраторы]] [[sa:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[scn:Wikipedia:Amministraturi]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Admin]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Administratorji]] [[sq:Wikipedia:Administruesit]] [[sr:Википедија:Администратори]] [[su:Wikipédia:Kuncén]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Administratörer]] [[tr:Wikipedia:Yöneticiler]] [[vi:Wikipedia:Người quản lý]] [[wa:Wikipedia:Manaedjeus]] [[zh:Wikipedia:管理员]] [[zh-min-nan:Wikipedia:Hêng-chèng jîn-oân]] 5064 2006-04-12T23:59:15Z Amila 77 /* Nominations and requests to be an administrator */ An '''administrator''' is also called a ''sysop''. You can add requests to this page for things that can only be done by sysops. If you want a page deleted, say so on the [[Wikipedia:Proposed deletions]] page. Sysops are allowed to do some things that other users are not. This is for performance reasons (it would make the website too slow to let everyone do it). It is also for security reasons (because they are trusted). If you want to become one, please say so on this page. Anyone who has been adding to this website for a while is allowed to be an administrator. Jimbo said "this should be no big deal". Sysops do not have any special authority. They are equal to everybody else. Things administrators can do: * Delete pages - [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy]], [[Wikipedia:Proposed deletions]] * Protect and unprotect pages, and edit protected pages - [[Wikipedia:Protection policy]] * stop users who damage pages - [[Wikipedia:Bans and blocks]], [[Wikipedia:Vandalism in progress]] :''See also: Adminstrator logs'' - [[Special:Log/block|Blocks]], [[Special:Log/protect|Page protection]], [[Special:Log/delete|Deletions]] ---- A '''bureaucrat''' is a slightly higher administrative level that can perform a few additional functions. Bureacrats can give administrator or bureaucrat status to other users following a successful request on this page. Bureaucrats can also help users who want to [[:meta:Changing username|change user names]]. Requests for name changes should be made directly to the talk page of one of the listed bureaucrats. :''See also: Bureaucrat logs'' - [[Special:Log/rights|User rights]], [[Special:Log/renameuser|User rename]] ==List of administrators== :''An automated list of accounts with admin status is available at [[Special:Listadmins]].'' === Active === === Inactive === == Nominations and requests to be an administrator == *[[User:Chin]] added by [[User:Chin|Chin Dayaratne]] 11:37, 10 September 2005 (UTC) *[[User:Amila]] added by [[User:Amila|Amila]] 05:58, 13 April 2006 (UTC) ==Current issues and requests== Users can contact sysops on this page to ask them to protect pages. Requests for deletion should be made on [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion]] and requests for blocking on [[Wikipedia:Vandalism in progress]]. All sysops should watch this section for issues that sysops must be aware of, and for news about policy changes affecting sysops. == See also == * [[Wikipedia:Policy]] * [[meta:Administrators of various Wikipedias]] [[Category:Wikipedia|Administrators]] [[af:Wikipedia:Administrateurs]] [[als:Wikipedia:Administratoren]] [[ar:ويكيبيديا:Administrators]] [[ast:Wikipedia:Alministradores]] [[be:Вікіпэдыя:Адміністрацыя]] [[bg:Уикипедия:Администратори]] [[bs:Wikipedia:Administratori]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:Administradors]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Správci]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Gweinyddwyr]] [[da:Wikipedia:Administratorer]] [[de:Wikipedia:Administratoren]] [[el:Βικιπαίδεια:Διαχειριστές]] [[en:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Administrantoj]] [[es:Wikipedia:Bibliotecarios]] [[et:Vikipeedia:Administraatorid]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Administratzaileak]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Ylläpitäjät]] [[fo:Wikipedia:Umboðsstjóri]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Administrateur]] [[fy:Wikipedy:Behearders]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Riarthóirí]] [[gl:Wikipedia:Administradores]] [[gu:વિકિપીડિયા:પ્રબંધક]] [[he:ויקיפדיה:מפעיל מערכת]] [[hi:विकिपीडिया:प्रबन्धक]] [[hu:Wikipédia:Adminisztrátorok]] [[ia:Wikipedia:Administratores]] [[id:Wikipedia:Pengurus]] [[io:Wikipedia:Administranti]] [[is:Wikipedia:Stjórnendur]] [[it:Wikipedia:Amministratori]] [[ja:Wikipedia:管理者]] [[ka:ვიკიპედია:ადმინისტრატორები]] [[ko:위키백과:관리자]] [[la:Wikipedia:Magistratus]] [[lb:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[li:Wikipedia:Systeembeheerders]] [[lt:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[lv:Wikipedia:Administrācija]] [[mi:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[mk:Wikipedia:Администратори]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Penyelia]] [[mt:Wikipedia:Amministraturi]] [[na:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[nb:Wikipedia:Administratorer]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[nl:Wikipedia:Moderator]] [[nn:Wikipedia:Administratorar]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Administratorzy]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Administradores]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Administratori]] [[ru:Википедия:Администраторы]] [[sa:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[scn:Wikipedia:Amministraturi]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Admin]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Administratorji]] [[sq:Wikipedia:Administruesit]] [[sr:Википедија:Администратори]] [[su:Wikipédia:Kuncén]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Administratörer]] [[tr:Wikipedia:Yöneticiler]] [[vi:Wikipedia:Người quản lý]] [[wa:Wikipedia:Manaedjeus]] [[zh:Wikipedia:管理员]] [[zh-min-nan:Wikipedia:Hêng-chèng jîn-oân]] 5390 2006-05-17T02:48:49Z Lee 85 /* Nominations and requests to be an administrator */ An '''administrator''' is also called a ''sysop''. You can add requests to this page for things that can only be done by sysops. If you want a page deleted, say so on the [[Wikipedia:Proposed deletions]] page. Sysops are allowed to do some things that other users are not. This is for performance reasons (it would make the website too slow to let everyone do it). It is also for security reasons (because they are trusted). If you want to become one, please say so on this page. Anyone who has been adding to this website for a while is allowed to be an administrator. Jimbo said "this should be no big deal". Sysops do not have any special authority. They are equal to everybody else. Things administrators can do: * Delete pages - [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy]], [[Wikipedia:Proposed deletions]] * Protect and unprotect pages, and edit protected pages - [[Wikipedia:Protection policy]] * stop users who damage pages - [[Wikipedia:Bans and blocks]], [[Wikipedia:Vandalism in progress]] :''See also: Adminstrator logs'' - [[Special:Log/block|Blocks]], [[Special:Log/protect|Page protection]], [[Special:Log/delete|Deletions]] ---- A '''bureaucrat''' is a slightly higher administrative level that can perform a few additional functions. Bureacrats can give administrator or bureaucrat status to other users following a successful request on this page. Bureaucrats can also help users who want to [[:meta:Changing username|change user names]]. Requests for name changes should be made directly to the talk page of one of the listed bureaucrats. :''See also: Bureaucrat logs'' - [[Special:Log/rights|User rights]], [[Special:Log/renameuser|User rename]] ==List of administrators== :''An automated list of accounts with admin status is available at [[Special:Listadmins]].'' === Active === === Inactive === == Nominations and requests to be an administrator == *[[User:Chin]] added by [[User:Chin|Chin Dayaratne]] 11:37, 10 September 2005 (UTC) *[[User:Amila]] added by [[User:Amila|Amila]] 05:58, 13 April 2006 (UTC) *[[User:Lee]] added by [[User:Lee|Lee]] 02:48, 17 May 2006 (UTC) ==Current issues and requests== Users can contact sysops on this page to ask them to protect pages. Requests for deletion should be made on [[Wikipedia:Requests for deletion]] and requests for blocking on [[Wikipedia:Vandalism in progress]]. All sysops should watch this section for issues that sysops must be aware of, and for news about policy changes affecting sysops. == See also == * [[Wikipedia:Policy]] * [[meta:Administrators of various Wikipedias]] [[Category:Wikipedia|Administrators]] [[af:Wikipedia:Administrateurs]] [[als:Wikipedia:Administratoren]] [[ar:ويكيبيديا:Administrators]] [[ast:Wikipedia:Alministradores]] [[be:Вікіпэдыя:Адміністрацыя]] [[bg:Уикипедия:Администратори]] [[bs:Wikipedia:Administratori]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:Administradors]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Správci]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Gweinyddwyr]] [[da:Wikipedia:Administratorer]] [[de:Wikipedia:Administratoren]] [[el:Βικιπαίδεια:Διαχειριστές]] [[en:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Administrantoj]] [[es:Wikipedia:Bibliotecarios]] [[et:Vikipeedia:Administraatorid]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Administratzaileak]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Ylläpitäjät]] [[fo:Wikipedia:Umboðsstjóri]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Administrateur]] [[fy:Wikipedy:Behearders]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Riarthóirí]] [[gl:Wikipedia:Administradores]] [[gu:વિકિપીડિયા:પ્રબંધક]] [[he:ויקיפדיה:מפעיל מערכת]] [[hi:विकिपीडिया:प्रबन्धक]] [[hu:Wikipédia:Adminisztrátorok]] [[ia:Wikipedia:Administratores]] [[id:Wikipedia:Pengurus]] [[io:Wikipedia:Administranti]] [[is:Wikipedia:Stjórnendur]] [[it:Wikipedia:Amministratori]] [[ja:Wikipedia:管理者]] [[ka:ვიკიპედია:ადმინისტრატორები]] [[ko:위키백과:관리자]] [[la:Wikipedia:Magistratus]] [[lb:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[li:Wikipedia:Systeembeheerders]] [[lt:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[lv:Wikipedia:Administrācija]] [[mi:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[mk:Wikipedia:Администратори]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Penyelia]] [[mt:Wikipedia:Amministraturi]] [[na:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[nb:Wikipedia:Administratorer]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[nl:Wikipedia:Moderator]] [[nn:Wikipedia:Administratorar]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Administratorzy]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Administradores]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Administratori]] [[ru:Википедия:Администраторы]] [[sa:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[scn:Wikipedia:Amministraturi]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Admin]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Administratorji]] [[sq:Wikipedia:Administruesit]] [[sr:Википедија:Администратори]] [[su:Wikipédia:Kuncén]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Administratörer]] [[tr:Wikipedia:Yöneticiler]] [[vi:Wikipedia:Người quản lý]] [[wa:Wikipedia:Manaedjeus]] [[zh:Wikipedia:管理员]] [[zh-min-nan:Wikipedia:Hêng-chèng jîn-oân]] Wikipedia:Proposed deletions 1574 4355 2005-09-10T11:08:33Z Chin 20 [[Oj%2C_svijetla_majska_zoro]] - Junk. 4356 2005-09-10T11:08:55Z Chin 20 [[Oj%2C_svijetla_majska_zoro]] - Junk. [[User:Chin|Chin Dayaratne]] 11:08, 10 September 2005 (UTC) User talk:Chin 1575 4359 2005-09-10T11:48:01Z Chin 20 Leave your messages to me here. If I have left you a message on your talk page, please do not reply to it here. I will have your talk page on my watch list and Wikipedia will notify me when you reply. Chin Dayaratne ---- 4414 2005-09-13T06:29:40Z 24.251.198.251 Main page Leave your messages to me here. If I have left you a message on your talk page, please do not reply to it here. I will have your talk page on my watch list and Wikipedia will notify me when you reply. Chin Dayaratne ---- == Main page == Hi Chin, You are incorrect in saying that many other Wikipedias use a native greeting as the name for the main page. German Wikipedia uses "hauptseite", which means "head site", Haitian Wikipedia uses "paj prensipal", which means "main page", Italian Wikipedia uses "pagina principale" which means "main page", Spanish Wikipedia uses "pagina principal", which means "main page", Chinese Wikipedia uses a word meaning "main page", Japanese uses the English words. While it's OK to use a Sinhala translation, it's not OK to use such a word, especially since it includes a special character (exclamation mark). You should use a translation which means "main page" or "homepage". Node ue 4415 2005-09-13T06:30:47Z 24.251.198.251 /* Main page */ Leave your messages to me here. If I have left you a message on your talk page, please do not reply to it here. I will have your talk page on my watch list and Wikipedia will notify me when you reply. Chin Dayaratne ---- == Main page == Hi Chin, You are incorrect in saying that many other Wikipedias use a native greeting as the name for the main page. German Wikipedia uses "hauptseite", which means "head site", Haitian Wikipedia uses "paj prensipal", which means "main page", Italian Wikipedia uses "pagina principale" which means "main page", Spanish Wikipedia uses "pagina principal", which means "main page", Chinese Wikipedia uses a word meaning "main page", Japanese uses the English words. While it's OK to use a Sinhala translation, it's not OK to use such a word, especially since it includes a special character (exclamation mark). You should use a translation which means "main page" or "homepage". Node ue PS I requested you adminship on Meta-Wiki. You should be a sysop soon, so you can edit interface messages and translate it to Sinhala. 4428 2005-09-13T17:49:04Z 213.42.2.23 Thanks Leave your messages to me here. If I have left you a message on your talk page, please do not reply to it here. I will have your talk page on my watch list and Wikipedia will notify me when you reply. Chin Dayaratne ---- == Main page == Hi Chin, You are incorrect in saying that many other Wikipedias use a native greeting as the name for the main page. German Wikipedia uses "hauptseite", which means "head site", Haitian Wikipedia uses "paj prensipal", which means "main page", Italian Wikipedia uses "pagina principale" which means "main page", Spanish Wikipedia uses "pagina principal", which means "main page", Chinese Wikipedia uses a word meaning "main page", Japanese uses the English words. While it's OK to use a Sinhala translation, it's not OK to use such a word, especially since it includes a special character (exclamation mark). You should use a translation which means "main page" or "homepage". Node ue PS I requested you adminship on Meta-Wiki. You should be a sysop soon, so you can edit interface messages and translate it to Sinhala. == Thanks == Chin, Thank you for your message in my Talk Page. I am not fluent in Sinhala Language. If I can contribute any other way I will do so. _ R.Mayooranathan. 13 sept 2005 4432 2005-09-14T00:36:52Z Node ue 21 Logo Leave your messages to me here. If I have left you a message on your talk page, please do not reply to it here. I will have your talk page on my watch list and Wikipedia will notify me when you reply. Chin Dayaratne ---- == Main page == Hi Chin, You are incorrect in saying that many other Wikipedias use a native greeting as the name for the main page. German Wikipedia uses "hauptseite", which means "head site", Haitian Wikipedia uses "paj prensipal", which means "main page", Italian Wikipedia uses "pagina principale" which means "main page", Spanish Wikipedia uses "pagina principal", which means "main page", Chinese Wikipedia uses a word meaning "main page", Japanese uses the English words. While it's OK to use a Sinhala translation, it's not OK to use such a word, especially since it includes a special character (exclamation mark). You should use a translation which means "main page" or "homepage". Node ue PS I requested you adminship on Meta-Wiki. You should be a sysop soon, so you can edit interface messages and translate it to Sinhala. == Thanks == Chin, Thank you for your message in my Talk Page. I am not fluent in Sinhala Language. If I can contribute any other way I will do so. _ R.Mayooranathan. 13 sept 2005 == Logo == Hi Chin, I make logos for all the Wikipedias, and since you're here now I think it's good to make one for teh Sinhala Wikipedia. The text that needs to be translated is: Wikipedia: The free encyclopedia (where "free" is as in "freedom", free of restraint, not free of cost) Thanks [[User:Node ue|Node ue]] 00:36, 14 September 2005 (UTC) 4443 2005-09-15T05:36:16Z Greenleaf 22 Stray articles Leave your messages to me here. If I have left you a message on your talk page, please do not reply to it here. I will have your talk page on my watch list and Wikipedia will notify me when you reply. Chin Dayaratne ---- == Main page == Hi Chin, You are incorrect in saying that many other Wikipedias use a native greeting as the name for the main page. German Wikipedia uses "hauptseite", which means "head site", Haitian Wikipedia uses "paj prensipal", which means "main page", Italian Wikipedia uses "pagina principale" which means "main page", Spanish Wikipedia uses "pagina principal", which means "main page", Chinese Wikipedia uses a word meaning "main page", Japanese uses the English words. While it's OK to use a Sinhala translation, it's not OK to use such a word, especially since it includes a special character (exclamation mark). You should use a translation which means "main page" or "homepage". Node ue PS I requested you adminship on Meta-Wiki. You should be a sysop soon, so you can edit interface messages and translate it to Sinhala. == Thanks == Chin, Thank you for your message in my Talk Page. I am not fluent in Sinhala Language. If I can contribute any other way I will do so. _ R.Mayooranathan. 13 sept 2005 == Logo == Hi Chin, I make logos for all the Wikipedias, and since you're here now I think it's good to make one for teh Sinhala Wikipedia. The text that needs to be translated is: Wikipedia: The free encyclopedia (where "free" is as in "freedom", free of restraint, not free of cost) Thanks [[User:Node ue|Node ue]] 00:36, 14 September 2005 (UTC) == Stray articles == Chin, There are so may articles with just titles. Apparently [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Contributions&target=XJamRastafire somebody took] '''si''' as his/her language and kept adding pages. Any idea what to do with them? They will never be expanded because their titles are not sinhala - [[User:Greenleaf|Greenleaf]] 05:36, 15 September 2005 (UTC) 4833 2006-02-02T02:32:17Z Mayooresan 56 /* Stray articles */ Leave your messages to me here. If I have left you a message on your talk page, please do not reply to it here. I will have your talk page on my watch list and Wikipedia will notify me when you reply. Chin Dayaratne ---- == Main page == Hi Chin, You are incorrect in saying that many other Wikipedias use a native greeting as the name for the main page. German Wikipedia uses "hauptseite", which means "head site", Haitian Wikipedia uses "paj prensipal", which means "main page", Italian Wikipedia uses "pagina principale" which means "main page", Spanish Wikipedia uses "pagina principal", which means "main page", Chinese Wikipedia uses a word meaning "main page", Japanese uses the English words. While it's OK to use a Sinhala translation, it's not OK to use such a word, especially since it includes a special character (exclamation mark). You should use a translation which means "main page" or "homepage". Node ue PS I requested you adminship on Meta-Wiki. You should be a sysop soon, so you can edit interface messages and translate it to Sinhala. == Thanks == Chin, Thank you for your message in my Talk Page. I am not fluent in Sinhala Language. If I can contribute any other way I will do so. _ R.Mayooranathan. 13 sept 2005 == Logo == Hi Chin, I make logos for all the Wikipedias, and since you're here now I think it's good to make one for teh Sinhala Wikipedia. The text that needs to be translated is: Wikipedia: The free encyclopedia (where "free" is as in "freedom", free of restraint, not free of cost) Thanks [[User:Node ue|Node ue]] 00:36, 14 September 2005 (UTC) == Stray articles == Chin, There are so may articles with just titles. Apparently [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Contributions&target=XJamRastafire somebody took] '''si''' as his/her language and kept adding pages. Any idea what to do with them? They will never be expanded because their titles are not sinhala - [[User:Greenleaf|Greenleaf]] 05:36, 15 September 2005 (UTC) ==Font help== Actually I'm contributing from University computer lab. To both tamil and english wiki pages I can see font but not to Sinhala wikipedia. I can't install font manually bcos it has been blocked by the administrator of the network(I mean in campus). Is there any other way to see the sinhala text???? Please help --[[User:Mayooresan|Mayooresan]] 02:32, 2 February 2006 (UTC) 4934 2006-03-09T07:30:31Z 203.118.184.140 /* Font help */ Leave your messages to me here. If I have left you a message on your talk page, please do not reply to it here. I will have your talk page on my watch list and Wikipedia will notify me when you reply. Chin Dayaratne ---- == Main page == Hi Chin, You are incorrect in saying that many other Wikipedias use a native greeting as the name for the main page. German Wikipedia uses "hauptseite", which means "head site", Haitian Wikipedia uses "paj prensipal", which means "main page", Italian Wikipedia uses "pagina principale" which means "main page", Spanish Wikipedia uses "pagina principal", which means "main page", Chinese Wikipedia uses a word meaning "main page", Japanese uses the English words. While it's OK to use a Sinhala translation, it's not OK to use such a word, especially since it includes a special character (exclamation mark). You should use a translation which means "main page" or "homepage". Node ue PS I requested you adminship on Meta-Wiki. You should be a sysop soon, so you can edit interface messages and translate it to Sinhala. == Thanks == Chin, Thank you for your message in my Talk Page. I am not fluent in Sinhala Language. If I can contribute any other way I will do so. _ R.Mayooranathan. 13 sept 2005 == Logo == Hi Chin, I make logos for all the Wikipedias, and since you're here now I think it's good to make one for teh Sinhala Wikipedia. The text that needs to be translated is: Wikipedia: The free encyclopedia (where "free" is as in "freedom", free of restraint, not free of cost) Thanks [[User:Node ue|Node ue]] 00:36, 14 September 2005 (UTC) == Stray articles == Chin, There are so may articles with just titles. Apparently [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Contributions&target=XJamRastafire somebody took] '''si''' as his/her language and kept adding pages. Any idea what to do with them? They will never be expanded because their titles are not sinhala - [[User:Greenleaf|Greenleaf]] 05:36, 15 September 2005 (UTC) ==Font help== Actually I'm contributing from University computer lab. To both tamil and english wiki pages I can see font but not to Sinhala wikipedia. I can't install font manually bcos it has been blocked by the administrator of the network(I mean in campus). Is there any other way to see the sinhala text???? Please help --[[User:Mayooresan|Mayooresan]] 02:32, 2 February 2006 (UTC) ==Article request== '''Greetings Chin'''!, Could you help me create a stub for [http://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church this article]? - It is based on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church English article]. 3-5 lines would be sufficient enough. ''Please''. Your help would be gratefully appreciated. (I do not know what the correct Sinhalese title should be). Thanks -- [[en:User:Jason Lee|Jason]], 9 March 2006 5025 2006-03-31T06:11:05Z 132.181.7.1 /* Article request */ Leave your messages to me here. If I have left you a message on your talk page, please do not reply to it here. I will have your talk page on my watch list and Wikipedia will notify me when you reply. Chin Dayaratne ---- == Main page == Hi Chin, You are incorrect in saying that many other Wikipedias use a native greeting as the name for the main page. German Wikipedia uses "hauptseite", which means "head site", Haitian Wikipedia uses "paj prensipal", which means "main page", Italian Wikipedia uses "pagina principale" which means "main page", Spanish Wikipedia uses "pagina principal", which means "main page", Chinese Wikipedia uses a word meaning "main page", Japanese uses the English words. While it's OK to use a Sinhala translation, it's not OK to use such a word, especially since it includes a special character (exclamation mark). You should use a translation which means "main page" or "homepage". Node ue PS I requested you adminship on Meta-Wiki. You should be a sysop soon, so you can edit interface messages and translate it to Sinhala. == Thanks == Chin, Thank you for your message in my Talk Page. I am not fluent in Sinhala Language. If I can contribute any other way I will do so. _ R.Mayooranathan. 13 sept 2005 == Logo == Hi Chin, I make logos for all the Wikipedias, and since you're here now I think it's good to make one for teh Sinhala Wikipedia. The text that needs to be translated is: Wikipedia: The free encyclopedia (where "free" is as in "freedom", free of restraint, not free of cost) Thanks [[User:Node ue|Node ue]] 00:36, 14 September 2005 (UTC) == Stray articles == Chin, There are so may articles with just titles. Apparently [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Contributions&target=XJamRastafire somebody took] '''si''' as his/her language and kept adding pages. Any idea what to do with them? They will never be expanded because their titles are not sinhala - [[User:Greenleaf|Greenleaf]] 05:36, 15 September 2005 (UTC) ==Font help== Actually I'm contributing from University computer lab. To both tamil and english wiki pages I can see font but not to Sinhala wikipedia. I can't install font manually bcos it has been blocked by the administrator of the network(I mean in campus). Is there any other way to see the sinhala text???? Please help --[[User:Mayooresan|Mayooresan]] 02:32, 2 February 2006 (UTC) ==Article request== '''Greetings Chin'''!, Could you help me create a stub for [http://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church this article]? - It is based on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church English article]. 3-5 lines would be sufficient enough. ''Please''. Your help would be gratefully appreciated. (I do not know what the correct Sinhalese title should be). Thanks Regards -- [[en:User:Jason Lee|Jason]], 06:10 Friday 31 March 2006 (UTC) 5083 2006-04-18T18:06:30Z Proof 83 /* Stray articles */ Leave your messages to me here. If I have left you a message on your talk page, please do not reply to it here. I will have your talk page on my watch list and Wikipedia will notify me when you reply. Chin Dayaratne ---- == Main page == Hi Chin, You are incorrect in saying that many other Wikipedias use a native greeting as the name for the main page. German Wikipedia uses "hauptseite", which means "head site", Haitian Wikipedia uses "paj prensipal", which means "main page", Italian Wikipedia uses "pagina principale" which means "main page", Spanish Wikipedia uses "pagina principal", which means "main page", Chinese Wikipedia uses a word meaning "main page", Japanese uses the English words. While it's OK to use a Sinhala translation, it's not OK to use such a word, especially since it includes a special character (exclamation mark). You should use a translation which means "main page" or "homepage". Node ue PS I requested you adminship on Meta-Wiki. You should be a sysop soon, so you can edit interface messages and translate it to Sinhala. == Thanks == Chin, Thank you for your message in my Talk Page. I am not fluent in Sinhala Language. If I can contribute any other way I will do so. _ R.Mayooranathan. 13 sept 2005 == Logo == Hi Chin, I make logos for all the Wikipedias, and since you're here now I think it's good to make one for teh Sinhala Wikipedia. The text that needs to be translated is: Wikipedia: The free encyclopedia (where "free" is as in "freedom", free of restraint, not free of cost) Thanks [[User:Node ue|Node ue]] 00:36, 14 September 2005 (UTC) == Stray articles == Chin, There are so may articles with just titles. Apparently [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Contributions&target=XJamRastafire somebody took] '''si''' as his/her language and kept adding pages. Any idea what to do with them? They will never be expanded because their titles are not sinhala - [[User:Greenleaf|Greenleaf]] 05:36, 15 September 2005 (UTC) Well, the best would be simply to translate these into Sinhalese and then move them to the correct Sinhalese title. Unfortunately I am not a Sinhalese speaker so this must be done by natives. If English texts help to get people to take the initiative, that's not a bad idea. But on the long run all articles on si WP should be in Sinhalese of course. --[[User:Proof|Proof]] 18:06, 18 April 2006 (UTC) ==Font help== Actually I'm contributing from University computer lab. To both tamil and english wiki pages I can see font but not to Sinhala wikipedia. I can't install font manually bcos it has been blocked by the administrator of the network(I mean in campus). Is there any other way to see the sinhala text???? Please help --[[User:Mayooresan|Mayooresan]] 02:32, 2 February 2006 (UTC) ==Article request== '''Greetings Chin'''!, Could you help me create a stub for [http://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church this article]? - It is based on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church English article]. 3-5 lines would be sufficient enough. ''Please''. Your help would be gratefully appreciated. (I do not know what the correct Sinhalese title should be). Thanks Regards -- [[en:User:Jason Lee|Jason]], 06:10 Friday 31 March 2006 (UTC) 5610 2006-06-10T23:35:20Z 203.109.221.235 Leave your messages to me here. If I have left you a message on your talk page, please do not reply to it here. I will have your talk page on my watch list and Wikipedia will notify me when you reply. Chin Dayaratne ---- == Main page == Hi Chin, You are incorrect in saying that many other Wikipedias use a native greeting as the name for the main page. German Wikipedia uses "hauptseite", which means "head site", Haitian Wikipedia uses "paj prensipal", which means "main page", Italian Wikipedia uses "pagina principale" which means "main page", Spanish Wikipedia uses "pagina principal", which means "main page", Chinese Wikipedia uses a word meaning "main page", Japanese uses the English words. While it's OK to use a Sinhala translation, it's not OK to use such a word, especially since it includes a special character (exclamation mark). You should use a translation which means "main page" or "homepage". Node ue PS I requested you adminship on Meta-Wiki. You should be a sysop soon, so you can edit interface messages and translate it to Sinhala. == Thanks == Chin, Thank you for your message in my Talk Page. I am not fluent in Sinhala Language. If I can contribute any other way I will do so. _ R.Mayooranathan. 13 sept 2005 == Logo == Hi Chin, I make logos for all the Wikipedias, and since you're here now I think it's good to make one for teh Sinhala Wikipedia. The text that needs to be translated is: Wikipedia: The free encyclopedia (where "free" is as in "freedom", free of restraint, not free of cost) Thanks [[User:Node ue|Node ue]] 00:36, 14 September 2005 (UTC) == Stray articles == Chin, There are so may articles with just titles. Apparently [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Contributions&target=XJamRastafire somebody took] '''si''' as his/her language and kept adding pages. Any idea what to do with them? They will never be expanded because their titles are not sinhala - [[User:Greenleaf|Greenleaf]] 05:36, 15 September 2005 (UTC) Well, the best would be simply to translate these into Sinhalese and then move them to the correct Sinhalese title. Unfortunately I am not a Sinhalese speaker so this must be done by natives. If English texts help to get people to take the initiative, that's not a bad idea. But on the long run all articles on si WP should be in Sinhalese of course. --[[User:Proof|Proof]] 18:06, 18 April 2006 (UTC) ==Font help== Actually I'm contributing from University computer lab. To both tamil and english wiki pages I can see font but not to Sinhala wikipedia. I can't install font manually bcos it has been blocked by the administrator of the network(I mean in campus). Is there any other way to see the sinhala text???? Please help --[[User:Mayooresan|Mayooresan]] 02:32, 2 February 2006 (UTC) Image:Sinhalaganna.jpg 1576 4362 2005-09-11T17:32:13Z Chin 20 4374 2005-09-11T19:44:41Z Chin 20 #REDIRECT [[Font_help]] 4375 2005-09-11T19:47:34Z Chin 20 #REDIRECT [[Wikipedia:Sinhala_font]] ආයුෙබා්වන් 1577 4368 2005-09-11T19:19:37Z Chin 20 [[Image:Sinhalaganna.jpg|right|Sinhala fonts]] <center> '''[[විිිිිකිපීඩියා]], ෙහවත් ඕනෑම ෙකෙනකුට වැඩිදියුණු කල හැකි විශ්වෙකා්ෂයට ඔබව පිළිගනිමු. 2005 වසේර ඇරඹි ෙම් [[සිංහල]] භාෂා සංස්කරණෙය් දැනට පිටු {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}ක් අැත.''' Welcome to Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia that anyone can improve. This [[:en:Sinhalese|Sinhalese]] version, started in 2005, has {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} articles. </center> :: *[[ශ්රී ලංකා]] ---- [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Elsässische] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://as.wikipedia.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org Balgarski] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.org Català] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Česky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://et.wikipedia.com Eesti] - [http://el.wikipedia.org (Ελληνικά Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.org Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (Farsi)] - [http://fr.wikipedia.com Français] - [http://fy.wikipedia.org Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.org Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaraní] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी (Hindi] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://hr.wikipedia.org Hrvatski] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org Íslenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org (Hangukeo)] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Ekspreso] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lt.wikipedia.com Lietuviškai] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org Mâori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://nds.wikipedia.com Plattdüütsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com/ Polska] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pt.wikipedia.com/ Português] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.org/ Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.org Русский] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqiptare] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Sinhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovenčina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svenska] - [http://sw.wikipedia.org kiSwahili] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org Tatarça] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org Türkçe] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek] - [http://vi.wikipedia.org Tiếng Việt] - [http://vo.wikipedia.org Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zh.wikipedia.org (Zhongwen)/Hanyu] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] 4856 2006-02-12T04:02:54Z Chathurank 58 [[Image:Sinhalaganna.jpg|right|Sinhala fonts]] <center> '''[[විකිපීඩියා]], හෙවත් ඕනෑම කෙනකුට වැඩිදියුණු කල හැකි විශ්වකෝෂයට ඔබව පිළිගනිමු. 2005 වසරේ ඇරඹි මේ [[සිංහල]] භාෂා සංස්කරණෙය් දැනට පිටු {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}ක් ඇත.''' Welcome to Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia that anyone can improve. This [[:en:Sinhalese|Sinhalese]] version, started in 2005, has {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} articles. </center> :: *[[ශ්රී ලංකා]] ---- [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Elsässische] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://as.wikipedia.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org Balgarski] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.org Català] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Česky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://et.wikipedia.com Eesti] - [http://el.wikipedia.org (Ελληνικά Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.org Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (Farsi)] - [http://fr.wikipedia.com Français] - [http://fy.wikipedia.org Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.org Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaraní] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी (Hindi] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://hr.wikipedia.org Hrvatski] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org Íslenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org (Hangukeo)] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Ekspreso] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lt.wikipedia.com Lietuviškai] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org Mâori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://nds.wikipedia.com Plattdüütsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com/ Polska] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pt.wikipedia.com/ Português] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.org/ Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.org Русский] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqiptare] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Sinhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovenčina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svenska] - [http://sw.wikipedia.org kiSwahili] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org Tatarça] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org Türkçe] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek] - [http://vi.wikipedia.org Tiếng Việt] - [http://vo.wikipedia.org Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zh.wikipedia.org (Zhongwen)/Hanyu] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] 4857 2006-02-12T04:04:25Z Chathurank 58 [[Image:Sinhalaganna.jpg|right|Sinhala fonts]] <center> '''[[විකිපීඩියා]], හෙවත් ඕනෑම කෙනකුට වැඩිදියුණු කල හැකි විශ්වකෝෂයට ඔබව පිළිගනිමු. 2005 වසරේ ඇරඹි මේ [[සිංහල]] භාෂා සංස්කරණය දැනට පිටු {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}කින් සමන්විතය.''' Welcome to Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia that anyone can improve. This [[:en:Sinhalese|Sinhalese]] version, started in 2005, has {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} articles. </center> :: *[[ශ්රී ලංකා]] ---- [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Elsässische] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://as.wikipedia.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org Balgarski] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.org Català] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Česky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://et.wikipedia.com Eesti] - [http://el.wikipedia.org (Ελληνικά Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.org Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (Farsi)] - [http://fr.wikipedia.com Français] - [http://fy.wikipedia.org Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.org Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaraní] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी (Hindi] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://hr.wikipedia.org Hrvatski] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org Íslenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org (Hangukeo)] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Ekspreso] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lt.wikipedia.com Lietuviškai] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org Mâori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://nds.wikipedia.com Plattdüütsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com/ Polska] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pt.wikipedia.com/ Português] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.org/ Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.org Русский] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqiptare] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Sinhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovenčina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svenska] - [http://sw.wikipedia.org kiSwahili] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org Tatarça] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org Türkçe] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek] - [http://vi.wikipedia.org Tiếng Việt] - [http://vo.wikipedia.org Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zh.wikipedia.org (Zhongwen)/Hanyu] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] Main page 1578 4369 2005-09-11T19:20:45Z Chin 20 [[Image:Sinhalaganna.jpg|right|Sinhala fonts]] <center> '''[[විිිිිකිපීඩියා]], ෙහවත් ඕනෑම ෙකෙනකුට වැඩිදියුණු කල හැකි විශ්වෙකා්ෂයට ඔබව පිළිගනිමු. 2005 වසේර ඇරඹි ෙම් [[සිංහල]] භාෂා සංස්කරණෙය් දැනට පිටු {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}ක් අැත.''' Welcome to Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia that anyone can improve. This [[:en:Sinhalese|Sinhalese]] version, started in 2005, has {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} articles. </center> :: *[[ශ්රී ලංකා]] ---- [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Elsässische] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://as.wikipedia.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org Balgarski] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.org Català] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Česky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://et.wikipedia.com Eesti] - [http://el.wikipedia.org (Ελληνικά Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.org Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (Farsi)] - [http://fr.wikipedia.com Français] - [http://fy.wikipedia.org Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.org Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaraní] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी (Hindi] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://hr.wikipedia.org Hrvatski] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org Íslenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org (Hangukeo)] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Ekspreso] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lt.wikipedia.com Lietuviškai] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org Mâori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://nds.wikipedia.com Plattdüütsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com/ Polska] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pt.wikipedia.com/ Português] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.org/ Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.org Русский] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqiptare] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Sinhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovenčina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svenska] - [http://sw.wikipedia.org kiSwahili] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org Tatarça] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org Türkçe] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek] - [http://vi.wikipedia.org Tiếng Việt] - [http://vo.wikipedia.org Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zh.wikipedia.org (Zhongwen)/Hanyu] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] 4370 2005-09-11T19:23:08Z Chin 20 <center> '''[[විිිිිකිපීඩියා]], ෙහවත් ඕනෑම ෙකෙනකුට වැඩිදියුණු කල හැකි විශ්වෙකා්ෂයට ඔබව පිළිගනිමු. 2005 වසේර ඇරඹි ෙම් [[සිංහල]] භාෂා සංස්කරණෙය් දැනට පිටු {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}ක් අැත.''' Welcome to Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia that anyone can improve. This [[:en:Sinhalese|Sinhalese]] version, started in 2005, has {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} articles. </center> :: *[[ශ්රී ලංකා]] ---- [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Elsässische] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://as.wikipedia.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org Balgarski] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.org Català] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Česky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://et.wikipedia.com Eesti] - [http://el.wikipedia.org (Ελληνικά Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.org Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (Farsi)] - [http://fr.wikipedia.com Français] - [http://fy.wikipedia.org Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.org Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaraní] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी (Hindi] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://hr.wikipedia.org Hrvatski] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org Íslenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org (Hangukeo)] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Ekspreso] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lt.wikipedia.com Lietuviškai] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org Mâori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://nds.wikipedia.com Plattdüütsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com/ Polska] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pt.wikipedia.com/ Português] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.org/ Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.org Русский] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqiptare] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Sinhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovenčina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svenska] - [http://sw.wikipedia.org kiSwahili] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org Tatarça] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org Türkçe] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek] - [http://vi.wikipedia.org Tiếng Việt] - [http://vo.wikipedia.org Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zh.wikipedia.org (Zhongwen)/Hanyu] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] 4373 2005-09-11T19:40:58Z Chin 20 [[Image:Sinhalaganna.jpg|right|Click here to download Sinhala fonts]] <center> '''[[විිිිිකිපීඩියා]], ෙහවත් ඕනෑම ෙකෙනකුට වැඩිදියුණු කල හැකි විශ්වෙකා්ෂයට ඔබව පිළිගනිමු. 2005 වසේර ඇරඹි ෙම් [[සිංහල]] භාෂා සංස්කරණෙය් දැනට පිටු {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}ක් අැත.''' Welcome to Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia that anyone can improve. This [[:en:Sinhala|Sinhala]] version, started in 2005, has {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} articles. </center> :: *[[ශ්රී ලංකා]] ---- [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Elsässische] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://as.wikipedia.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org Balgarski] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.org Català] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Česky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://et.wikipedia.com Eesti] - [http://el.wikipedia.org (Ελληνικά Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.org Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (Farsi)] - [http://fr.wikipedia.com Français] - [http://fy.wikipedia.org Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.org Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaraní] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी (Hindi] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://hr.wikipedia.org Hrvatski] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org Íslenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org (Hangukeo)] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Ekspreso] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lt.wikipedia.com Lietuviškai] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org Mâori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://nds.wikipedia.com Plattdüütsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com/ Polska] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pt.wikipedia.com/ Português] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.org/ Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.org Русский] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqiptare] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Sinhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovenčina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svenska] - [http://sw.wikipedia.org kiSwahili] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org Tatarça] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org Türkçe] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek] - [http://vi.wikipedia.org Tiếng Việt] - [http://vo.wikipedia.org Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zh.wikipedia.org (Zhongwen)/Hanyu] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] 4388 2005-09-12T03:56:39Z Node ue 21 ආයුෙබා්වන්! moved to Main page [[Image:Sinhalaganna.jpg|right|Click here to download Sinhala fonts]] <center> '''[[විිිිිකිපීඩියා]], ෙහවත් ඕනෑම ෙකෙනකුට වැඩිදියුණු කල හැකි විශ්වෙකා්ෂයට ඔබව පිළිගනිමු. 2005 වසේර ඇරඹි ෙම් [[සිංහල]] භාෂා සංස්කරණෙය් දැනට පිටු {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}ක් අැත.''' Welcome to Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia that anyone can improve. This [[:en:Sinhala|Sinhala]] version, started in 2005, has {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} articles. </center> :: *[[ශ්රී ලංකා]] ---- [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Elsässische] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://as.wikipedia.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org Balgarski] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.org Català] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Česky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://et.wikipedia.com Eesti] - [http://el.wikipedia.org (Ελληνικά Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.org Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (Farsi)] - [http://fr.wikipedia.com Français] - [http://fy.wikipedia.org Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.org Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaraní] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी (Hindi] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://hr.wikipedia.org Hrvatski] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org Íslenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org (Hangukeo)] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Ekspreso] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lt.wikipedia.com Lietuviškai] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org Mâori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://nds.wikipedia.com Plattdüütsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com/ Polska] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pt.wikipedia.com/ Português] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.org/ Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.org Русский] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqiptare] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Sinhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovenčina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svenska] - [http://sw.wikipedia.org kiSwahili] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org Tatarça] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org Türkçe] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek] - [http://vi.wikipedia.org Tiếng Việt] - [http://vo.wikipedia.org Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zh.wikipedia.org (Zhongwen)/Hanyu] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] 4395 2005-09-12T05:31:38Z Greenleaf 22 changed the link to ශ්රී ලංකාව to avoid a redirect [[Image:Sinhalaganna.jpg|right|Click here to download Sinhala fonts]] <center> '''[[විිිිිකිපීඩියා]], ෙහවත් ඕනෑම ෙකෙනකුට වැඩිදියුණු කල හැකි විශ්වෙකා්ෂයට ඔබව පිළිගනිමු. 2005 වසේර ඇරඹි ෙම් [[සිංහල]] භාෂා සංස්කරණෙය් දැනට පිටු {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}ක් අැත.''' Welcome to Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia that anyone can improve. This [[:en:Sinhala|Sinhala]] version, started in 2005, has {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} articles. </center> :: *[[ශ්රී ලංකාව]] ---- [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Elsässische] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://as.wikipedia.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org Balgarski] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.org Català] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Česky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://et.wikipedia.com Eesti] - [http://el.wikipedia.org (Ελληνικά Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.org Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (Farsi)] - [http://fr.wikipedia.com Français] - [http://fy.wikipedia.org Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.org Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaraní] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी (Hindi] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://hr.wikipedia.org Hrvatski] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org Íslenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org (Hangukeo)] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Ekspreso] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lt.wikipedia.com Lietuviškai] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org Mâori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://nds.wikipedia.com Plattdüütsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com/ Polska] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pt.wikipedia.com/ Português] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.org/ Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.org Русский] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqiptare] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Sinhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovenčina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svenska] - [http://sw.wikipedia.org kiSwahili] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org Tatarça] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org Türkçe] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek] - [http://vi.wikipedia.org Tiếng Việt] - [http://vo.wikipedia.org Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zh.wikipedia.org (Zhongwen)/Hanyu] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] 4396 2005-09-12T09:40:15Z Greenleaf 22 removed "ිිිි" and "ෙහවත්": "ෙහවත් " looked a bit outta style :-( [[Image:Sinhalaganna.jpg|right|Click here to download Sinhala fonts]] <center> '''[[විකිපීඩියා]], ඕනෑම ෙකෙනකුට වැඩිදියුණු කල හැකි විශ්වෙකා්ෂයට ඔබව පිළිගනිමු. 2005 වසේර ඇරඹි ෙම් [[සිංහල]] භාෂා සංස්කරණෙය් දැනට පිටු {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}ක් අැත.''' Welcome to Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia that anyone can improve. This [[:en:Sinhala|Sinhala]] version, started in 2005, has {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} articles. </center> :: *[[ශ්රී ලංකාව]] ---- [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Elsässische] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://as.wikipedia.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org Balgarski] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.org Català] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Česky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://et.wikipedia.com Eesti] - [http://el.wikipedia.org (Ελληνικά Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.org Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (Farsi)] - [http://fr.wikipedia.com Français] - [http://fy.wikipedia.org Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.org Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaraní] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी (Hindi] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://hr.wikipedia.org Hrvatski] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org Íslenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org (Hangukeo)] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Ekspreso] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lt.wikipedia.com Lietuviškai] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org Mâori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://nds.wikipedia.com Plattdüütsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com/ Polska] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pt.wikipedia.com/ Português] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.org/ Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.org Русский] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqiptare] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Sinhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovenčina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svenska] - [http://sw.wikipedia.org kiSwahili] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org Tatarça] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org Türkçe] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek] - [http://vi.wikipedia.org Tiếng Việt] - [http://vo.wikipedia.org Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zh.wikipedia.org (Zhongwen)/Hanyu] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] 4397 2005-09-12T14:49:31Z Chin 20 ආයුෙබා්වන්! (ayubowan) means welcome in sinhala. please consult other users before you make changes node_ue. #REDIRECT[[ආයුෙබා්වන්!]] 4417 2005-09-13T06:51:34Z 24.251.198.251 I know what ආයුෙබා්වන් means, which is "welcome", not "main page". 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To see them displayed correctly, follow the steps below. ##If you have Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 or a later version running on Windows, simply install the Sinhala Pack and jump to step 4. or ##Download a Sinhala Unicode font by clicking '''[here http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf]'''. ##Install it in your computer. For Windows, simply copy the font to your ''Windows\Fonts'' folder. Refer to system documentation for other OSes. ##Restart your computer. ##Change '''character encoding''' to '''UTF-8''' Unicode in your browser (VIEW-->ENCODING in most browsers). #'''How to write Sinhala''' ##After following the above steps, you can use the Windows character map program to type in Sinhala. Remember to choose Malithi Web or the Sinhala Unicode font you have installed when you do this. or ##If you have Windows XP Service Pack 2, install the Sinhala Pack for XP by clicking here. ##It lets you toggle seamlessly between typing English and Sinhala using the language button on the task bar. This is, by far, the best solution. It uses the Wijesekera layout. or ##If you don't have Windows XP SP2 but have an older version of Windows and Microsoft Office XP, you can download the Sinhala Pack for Office XP '''[http://fonts.lk/download/skoff.html here]'''. ##This lets you type Sinhala documents in MS Word. You can copy and paste what you write in Wikipedia. #'''Why Unicode''' :... and not Kaputa or Kandy or eKottu? Unicode is the international standard for non-Latin scripts. It is Wikipedia's policy to use Unicode fonts in international sister sites. This is to ensure universal usability. You cannot use non Unicode fonts to search in Wikipedia. See other sister sites such as [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil Wikipedia] and [http://hi.wikipedia.org Hindi] Wikipedia to understand it's potential. Currently, Sinhala does not come built in with Windows XP unlike Tamil and Hindi. It is hoped that Microsoft will resolve this with the introduction of Windows Vista. There are also some complaints about the lack of ''pili''s in Sinhala Unicode. 4377 2005-09-11T20:42:58Z Chin 20 *'''How to read Sinhala''' :This site uses Sinhala Unicode fonts. To see them displayed correctly, follow the steps below. *If you have Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 or a later version running on Windows, simply install the Sinhala Pack and restart your computer. *Change '''character encoding''' to '''UTF-8''' Unicode in your browser (VIEW-->ENCODING in most browsers). ::::or *Download a Sinhala Unicode font by clicking '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf here]'''. *Install it in your computer. For Windows, simply copy the font to your ''Windows\Fonts'' folder. Refer to system documentation for other OSes. *Restart your computer. *Change '''character encoding''' to '''UTF-8''' Unicode in your browser (VIEW-->ENCODING in most browsers). *'''How to write Sinhala''' : #After following the above steps, you can use the ''Windows character map'' program to type in Sinhala. Remember to choose Malithi Web, or the Sinhala Unicode font you have installed, when you do this. ::::or : *If you have Windows XP Service Pack 2, install the Sinhala Pack for XP by clicking '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/SinhalaXP0.4.zip here]'''. *It lets you toggle seamlessly between typing English and Sinhala using the language button on the task bar. This is, by far, the best solution. It uses the Wijesekera layout. ::::or *If you don't have Windows XP SP2 but have an older version of Windows and Microsoft Office XP, you can download the Sinhala Pack for Office XP '''[http://fonts.lk/download/skoff.html here]'''. *This lets you type Sinhala documents in MS Word. You can copy and paste what you write in Wikipedia. *'''Why Unicode''' ::::And not Kaputa or Kandy or eKottu? Unicode is the international standard for non-Latin scripts. It is Wikipedia's policy to use Unicode fonts in international sister sites. This is to ensure universal usability. You cannot use non Unicode fonts to search in Wikipedia. See other sister sites such as [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil Wikipedia] and [http://hi.wikipedia.org Hindi] Wikipedia to understand it's capabilities. ::::Currently, Sinhala does not come built in with Windows XP unlike Tamil and Hindi. It is hoped that Microsoft will resolve this with the introduction of Windows Vista. ::::There are also some complaints about the lack of ''pili''s in Sinhala Unicode. 4378 2005-09-11T20:44:03Z Chin 20 *'''How to read Sinhala''' This site uses Sinhala Unicode fonts. To see them displayed correctly, follow the steps below. *If you have Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 or a later version running on Windows, simply install the Sinhala Pack and restart your computer. *Change '''character encoding''' to '''UTF-8''' Unicode in your browser (VIEW-->ENCODING in most browsers). ::::or *Download a Sinhala Unicode font by clicking '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf here]'''. *Install it in your computer. For Windows, simply copy the font to your ''Windows\Fonts'' folder. Refer to system documentation for other OSes. *Restart your computer. *Change '''character encoding''' to '''UTF-8''' Unicode in your browser (VIEW-->ENCODING in most browsers). *'''How to write Sinhala''' : #After following the above steps, you can use the ''Windows character map'' program to type in Sinhala. Remember to choose Malithi Web, or the Sinhala Unicode font you have installed, when you do this. ::::or : *If you have Windows XP Service Pack 2, install the Sinhala Pack for XP by clicking '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/SinhalaXP0.4.zip here]'''. *It lets you toggle seamlessly between typing English and Sinhala using the language button on the task bar. This is, by far, the best solution. It uses the Wijesekera layout. ::::or *If you don't have Windows XP SP2 but have an older version of Windows and Microsoft Office XP, you can download the Sinhala Pack for Office XP '''[http://fonts.lk/download/skoff.html here]'''. *This lets you type Sinhala documents in MS Word. You can copy and paste what you write in Wikipedia. *'''Why Unicode''' And not Kaputa or Kandy or eKottu? Unicode is the international standard for non-Latin scripts. It is Wikipedia's policy to use Unicode fonts in international sister sites. This is to ensure universal usability. You cannot use non Unicode fonts to search in Wikipedia. See other sister sites such as [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil Wikipedia] and [http://hi.wikipedia.org Hindi] Wikipedia to understand it's capabilities. Currently, Sinhala does not come built in with Windows XP unlike Tamil and Hindi. It is hoped that Microsoft will resolve this with the introduction of Windows Vista. There are also some complaints about the lack of ''pili''s in Sinhala Unicode. 4379 2005-09-11T20:51:59Z Chin 20 ===How to read Sinhala=== This site uses '''Sinhala Unicode''' fonts. To see them displayed correctly, follow the steps below. *If you have '''Microsoft Internet Explorer 6''' or a later version running on '''Windows''', simply install the [http://fonts.lk/download/SinhalaIE.html Sinhala Pack] and restart your computer. *Change '''character encoding''' to '''UTF-8''' Unicode in your browser (''VIEW-->ENCODING'' in most browsers). ::::or *Download a Sinhala Unicode font by clicking '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf here]'''. *Install it in your computer. For Windows, simply copy the font to your ''Windows\Fonts'' folder. Refer to system documentation for other OSes. *Restart your computer. *Change '''character encoding''' to '''UTF-8''' Unicode in your browser ('''VIEW-->ENCODING''' in most browsers). ===How to write Sinhala=== *After following the above steps, you can use the '''Windows character map''' program to type in Sinhala. Remember to choose ''Malithi'' or the Sinhala Unicode font you have installed, when you do this. ::::or *If you have '''Windows XP Service Pack 2''', install the Sinhala Pack for XP by clicking '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/SinhalaXP0.4.zip here]'''. *It lets you toggle seamlessly between typing English and Sinhala using the language button on the task bar. This is, by far, the best solution. It uses the ''Wijesekera'' layout. ::::or *If you don't have Windows XP SP2 but have an older version of Windows and Microsoft '''Office XP''', you can download the Sinhala Pack for Office XP '''[http://fonts.lk/download/skoff.html here]'''. *This lets you type Sinhala documents in MS Word. You can copy and paste what you write in Wikipedia. ===Why Unicode=== ::And not Kaputa or Kandy or eKottu? Unicode is the international standard for non-Latin scripts. It is Wikipedia's policy to use Unicode fonts in international sister sites. This is to ensure universal usability. You cannot use non Unicode fonts to search in Wikipedia. See other sister sites such as [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil Wikipedia] and [http://hi.wikipedia.org Hindi] Wikipedia to understand it's capabilities. ::Currently, Sinhala does not come built in with Windows XP unlike Tamil and Hindi. It is hoped that Microsoft will resolve this with the introduction of Windows Vista. ::There are also some complaints about the lack of ''pili''s in Sinhala Unicode. ::Feel free to discuss these issues [[Talk:Sinhala font|here]]. 4380 2005-09-11T20:57:47Z Chin 20 /* Why Unicode */ ===How to read Sinhala=== This site uses '''Sinhala Unicode''' fonts. To see them displayed correctly, follow the steps below. *If you have '''Microsoft Internet Explorer 6''' or a later version running on '''Windows''', simply install the [http://fonts.lk/download/SinhalaIE.html Sinhala Pack] and restart your computer. *Change '''character encoding''' to '''UTF-8''' Unicode in your browser (''VIEW-->ENCODING'' in most browsers). ::::or *Download a Sinhala Unicode font by clicking '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf here]'''. *Install it in your computer. For Windows, simply copy the font to your ''Windows\Fonts'' folder. Refer to system documentation for other OSes. *Restart your computer. *Change '''character encoding''' to '''UTF-8''' Unicode in your browser ('''VIEW-->ENCODING''' in most browsers). ===How to write Sinhala=== *After following the above steps, you can use the '''Windows character map''' program to type in Sinhala. Remember to choose ''Malithi'' or the Sinhala Unicode font you have installed, when you do this. ::::or *If you have '''Windows XP Service Pack 2''', install the Sinhala Pack for XP by clicking '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/SinhalaXP0.4.zip here]'''. *It lets you toggle seamlessly between typing English and Sinhala using the language button on the task bar. This is, by far, the best solution. It uses the ''Wijesekera'' layout. ::::or *If you don't have Windows XP SP2 but have an older version of Windows and Microsoft '''Office XP''', you can download the Sinhala Pack for Office XP '''[http://fonts.lk/download/skoff.html here]'''. *This lets you type Sinhala documents in MS Word. You can copy and paste what you write in Wikipedia. ===Why Unicode?=== *And not Kaputa or Kandy or eKottu? Unicode is the international standard for non-Latin scripts. It is Wikipedia's policy to use Unicode fonts in international sister sites. This is to ensure universal usability. You cannot use non Unicode fonts to search in Wikipedia. See other sister sites such as [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil Wikipedia] and [http://hi.wikipedia.org Hindi Wikipedia] to understand it's capabilities. *Currently, Sinhala does not come built in with Windows XP unlike Tamil and Hindi. It is hoped that Microsoft will resolve this with the introduction of Windows Vista. *There are also some complaints about the lack of ''pili''s in Sinhala Unicode. *Feel free to discuss these issues [[Talk:Sinhala font|here]]. 4381 2005-09-11T21:06:04Z Chin 20 links =Sinhala Font Guide= ==How to read Sinhala== This site uses '''Sinhala Unicode''' fonts. To see them displayed correctly, follow the steps below. *If you have '''Microsoft Internet Explorer 6''' or a later version running on '''Windows''', simply install the [http://fonts.lk/download/SinhalaIE.html Sinhala Pack] and restart your computer. *Change '''character encoding''' to '''UTF-8''' Unicode in your browser ('''VIEW-->ENCODING''' in most browsers). ::::or *Download a Sinhala Unicode font by clicking '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf here]'''. *Install it in your computer. For Windows, simply copy the font to your ''Windows\Fonts'' folder. Refer to system documentation for other OSes. *Restart your computer. *Change '''character encoding''' to '''UTF-8''' Unicode in your browser ('''VIEW-->ENCODING''' in most browsers). ==How to write Sinhala== *After following the above steps, you can use the '''Windows character map''' program to type in Sinhala. Remember to choose ''Malithi'' or the Sinhala Unicode font you have installed, when you do this. ::::or *If you have '''Windows XP Service Pack 2''', install the Sinhala Pack for XP by clicking '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/SinhalaXP0.4.zip here]'''. *It lets you toggle seamlessly between typing English and Sinhala using the language button on the task bar. This is, by far, the best solution. It uses the ''Wijesekera'' layout. ::::or *If you don't have Windows XP SP2 but have an older version of Windows and Microsoft '''Office XP''', you can download the Sinhala Pack for Office XP '''[http://fonts.lk/download/skoff.html here]'''. *This lets you type Sinhala documents in MS Word. You can copy and paste what you write in Wikipedia. ==Why Unicode?== *And not Kaputa or Kandy or eKottu? Unicode is the international standard for non-Latin scripts. It is Wikipedia's policy to use Unicode fonts in international sister sites. This is to ensure universal usability. You cannot use non Unicode fonts to search in Wikipedia. See other sister sites such as [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil Wikipedia] and [http://hi.wikipedia.org Hindi Wikipedia] to understand it's capabilities. *Currently, Sinhala does not come built in with Windows XP unlike Tamil and Hindi. It is hoped that Microsoft will resolve this with the introduction of Windows Vista. *There are also some complaints about the lack of ''pili''s in Sinhala Unicode. *Feel free to discuss these issues [[Talk:Sinhala font|here]]. =External links= *[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf Malithi Unicode font] *[http://fonts.lk/download/SinhalaIE.html Sinhala plugin for Internet Explorer 6] *[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/SinhalaXP0.4.zip Sinhala Pack for Windows XP Service Pack 2] *[http://fonts.lk/download/skoff.html Sinhala Add-on for MS Office XP] 4400 2005-09-12T15:05:55Z Chin 20 cleartype instructions =Sinhala Font Guide= ==How to read Sinhala== This site uses '''Sinhala Unicode''' fonts. To see them displayed correctly, follow the steps below. We recommend that you use [http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox Mozilla Firefox 1.0.6] or later instead of Internet Explorer, which has some rendering issues. *If you have '''Microsoft Internet Explorer 6''' or a later version running on '''Windows''', simply install the [http://fonts.lk/download/SinhalaIE.html Sinhala Pack] and restart your computer. *Right click on your '''Desktop''', choose '''Properties''', go to '''Advanced''' tab, click on '''Effects''' and choose '''Cleartype''' as the ''method to smooth edges of screen fonts''. *Change '''character encoding''' to '''UTF-8''' Unicode in your browser ('''VIEW-->ENCODING''' in most browsers). ::::or *Download a Sinhala Unicode font by clicking '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf here]'''. *Install it in your computer. For Windows, simply copy the font to your ''Windows\Fonts'' folder. Refer to system documentation for other OSes. *Restart your computer. *Right click on your '''Desktop''', choose '''Properties''', go to '''Advanced''' tab, click on '''Effects''' and choose '''Cleartype''' as the ''method to smooth edges of screen fonts''. *Change '''character encoding''' to '''UTF-8''' Unicode in your browser ('''VIEW-->ENCODING''' in most browsers). ==How to write Sinhala== *After following the above steps, you can use the '''Windows character map''' program to type in Sinhala. Remember to choose ''Malithi'' or the Sinhala Unicode font you have installed, when you do this. ::::or *If you have '''Windows XP Service Pack 2''', install the Sinhala Pack for XP by clicking '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/SinhalaXP0.4.zip here]'''. *It lets you toggle seamlessly between typing English and Sinhala using the language button on the task bar. This is, by far, the best solution. It uses the ''Wijesekera'' layout. ::::or *If you don't have Windows XP SP2 but have an older version of Windows and Microsoft '''Office XP''', you can download the Sinhala Pack for Office XP '''[http://fonts.lk/download/skoff.html here]'''. *This lets you type Sinhala documents in MS Word. You can copy and paste what you write in Wikipedia. ==Why Unicode?== *And not Kaputa or Kandy or eKottu? Unicode is the international standard for non-Latin scripts. It is Wikipedia's policy to use Unicode fonts in international sister sites. This is to ensure universal usability. You cannot use non Unicode fonts to search in Wikipedia. See other sister sites such as [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil Wikipedia] and [http://hi.wikipedia.org Hindi Wikipedia] to understand it's capabilities. *Currently, Sinhala does not come built in with Windows XP unlike Tamil and Hindi. It is hoped that Microsoft will resolve this with the introduction of Windows Vista. *There are also some complaints about the lack of ''pili''s in Sinhala Unicode. *Feel free to discuss these issues [[Talk:Sinhala font|here]]. =External links= *[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf Malithi Unicode font] *[http://fonts.lk/download/SinhalaIE.html Sinhala plugin for Internet Explorer 6] *[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/SinhalaXP0.4.zip Sinhala Pack for Windows XP Service Pack 2] *[http://fonts.lk/download/skoff.html Sinhala Add-on for MS Office XP] 4407 2005-09-12T18:39:03Z Chin 20 =Sinhala Font Guide= ==How to read Sinhala== This site uses '''Sinhala Unicode''' fonts. To see them displayed correctly, follow the steps below. We recommend that you use '''[http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox Mozilla Firefox 1.0.6]''' instead of '''Internet Explorer''', which has some rendering issues. *If you have '''Microsoft Internet Explorer 6''' or a later version running on '''Windows''', simply install the [http://fonts.lk/download/SinhalaIE.html Sinhala Pack] and restart your computer. *Right click on your '''Desktop''', choose '''Properties''', go to '''Advanced''' tab, click on '''Effects''' and choose '''Cleartype''' as the ''method to smooth edges of screen fonts''. *Change '''character encoding''' to '''UTF-8''' Unicode in your browser ('''VIEW-->ENCODING''' in most browsers). ::::or *If you use a '''Mozila Firefox, Opera, Netscape''' or an older version of '''Internet Explorer''', please download a Sinhala Unicode font by clicking '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf here]'''. *Install it in your computer. For Windows, simply copy the font to your ''Windows\Fonts'' folder. Refer to system documentation for other OSes. *Restart your computer. *In Windows, right click on your '''Desktop''', choose '''Properties''', go to '''Advanced''' tab, click on '''Effects''' and choose '''Cleartype''' as the ''method to smooth edges of screen fonts''. *Change '''character encoding''' to '''UTF-8''' Unicode in your browser ('''VIEW-->ENCODING''' in most browsers). ==How to write Sinhala== *After following the above steps, you can use the '''Windows character map''' program to type in Sinhala. Remember to choose ''Malithi'' or the Sinhala Unicode font you have installed, when you do this. ::::or *If you have '''[http://www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/sp2/default.mspx Windows XP Service Pack 2]''', install the Sinhala Pack for XP by clicking '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/SinhalaXP0.4.zip here]'''. *It lets you toggle seamlessly between typing English and Sinhala using the language button on the task bar. This is, by far, the best solution. It uses the ''Wijesekera'' layout. ::::or *If you don't have Windows XP SP2 but have an older version of Windows and Microsoft '''Office XP''', you can download the Sinhala Pack for Office XP '''[http://fonts.lk/download/skoff.html here]'''. *This lets you type Sinhala documents in MS Word. You can copy and paste what you write in Wikipedia. You will to have your XP CD handy. ==Why Unicode?== *And not Kaputa or Kandy or eKottu? Unicode is the international standard for non-Latin scripts. It is Wikipedia's policy to use Unicode fonts in international sister sites. This is to ensure universal usability. You cannot use non Unicode fonts to search in Wikipedia. See other sister sites such as [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil Wikipedia] and [http://hi.wikipedia.org Hindi Wikipedia] to understand it's capabilities. *Currently, Sinhala does not come built in with '''Windows XP''' unlike Tamil and Hindi. However, the beta versions of upcoming '''[http://www.microsoft.com/windowsvista/default.mspx Windows Vista]''' comes with [http://jinath.weblogs.us/archives/031334.html Sinhala support] by default. *There are also some complaints about the lack of ''pili''s in Sinhala Unicode. *Feel free to discuss these issues [[Talk:Sinhala font|here]]. =External links= *[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf Malithi Unicode font] *[http://fonts.lk/download/SinhalaIE.html Sinhala plugin for Internet Explorer 6] *[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/SinhalaXP0.4.zip Sinhala Pack for Windows XP Service Pack 2] *[http://fonts.lk/download/skoff.html Sinhala Add-on for MS Office XP] *[http://www.unicode.org Unicode organisation] 4429 2005-09-13T20:57:34Z Chin 20 =Sinhala Font Guide= ==How to read Sinhala== This site uses '''Sinhala Unicode''' fonts. To see them displayed correctly, follow the steps below. We recommend that you use '''[http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox Mozilla Firefox 1.0.6]''' instead of '''Internet Explorer''' or '''Opera''', which seem to have some rendering issues. *If you have '''Microsoft Internet Explorer 6''' or a later version running on '''Windows''', simply install the [http://fonts.lk/download/SinhalaIE.html Sinhala Pack] and restart your computer. *Right click on your '''Desktop''', choose '''Properties''', go to '''Advanced''' tab, click on '''Effects''' and choose '''Cleartype''' as the ''method to smooth edges of screen fonts''. *Change '''Character Encoding''' to '''UTF-8''' Unicode in your browser ('''VIEW-->ENCODING''' in most browsers). *Go to '''Tools'''--> '''Options''', click on '''Fonts''', choose '''Malithi Web''' as the default font. ::::or *If you use a '''Mozila Firefox, Opera, Netscape''' or an older version of '''Internet Explorer''', please download the '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf Malithi Web]''' Sinhala Unicode font by clicking '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf here]'''. *Install it in your computer. For Windows, simply copy the font to your ''Windows\Fonts'' folder. Refer to system documentation for other operating systems. *Restart your computer. *In Windows, right click on your '''Desktop''', choose '''Properties''', go to '''Advanced''' tab, click on '''Effects''' and choose '''Cleartype''' as the ''method to smooth edges of screen fonts''. *Change '''Character Encoding''' to '''UTF-8''' Unicode in your browser ('''VIEW-->ENCODING''' in most browsers). *Go to '''Tools'''--> '''Options''', (--> '''Content''' in Firefox 1.5) click on '''Fonts''', choose '''Malithi Web''' as the default font. ==How to write Sinhala== *After following the above steps, you can use the '''Windows character map''' program to type in Sinhala. Remember to choose ''Malithi'' or the Sinhala Unicode font you have installed, when you do this. ::::or *If you have '''[http://www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/sp2/default.mspx Windows XP Service Pack 2]''', install the Sinhala Enabling Pack for XP by clicking '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/SinhalaXP0.4.zip here]'''. *This has been developed by Microsoft and endorsed by the Sri Lankan government. *Read the instructions before you install it. *It lets you toggle seamlessly between typing English and Sinhala using the language button on the task bar. This is, by far, the best solution. It uses the standard ''Wijesekera'' layout. *You can type in Unicode just as easily as you do with any other Sinhala or English font. ::::or *If you don't have Windows XP SP2 but have an older version of Windows and Microsoft '''Office XP''', you can download the Sinhala Pack for Office XP '''[http://fonts.lk/download/skoff.html here]'''. *This lets you type Sinhala documents in MS Word. You can copy and paste what you write in Wikipedia. You will need to have your XP CD handy. ==Still having problems== *[[Wikipedia_talk:Sinhala_font|Inform the other users]] about the problems you're having. Sinhala Unicode is relatively new and it may take a while to have universal support. *We have found '''[http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox Mozilla Firefox 1.0.6]''' on Windows XP Service Pack 2 to deliver the best results. *If you cannot read any Sinhala letters in the main page, correct the character encoding in your browser as we have explained. *If the letters appear rough, change to Cleartype as described above. ==Why Unicode?== *And not Kaputa or Kandy or eKottu? Unicode is the international standard for non-Latin scripts. It is Wikipedia's policy to use Unicode fonts in international sister sites. This is to ensure universal usability. You cannot use non Unicode fonts to search in Wikipedia. See other sister sites such as [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil Wikipedia] and [http://hi.wikipedia.org Hindi Wikipedia] to understand it's capabilities. *Currently, Sinhala does not come built in with '''Windows XP''' unlike Tamil and Hindi. However, the beta versions of upcoming '''[http://www.microsoft.com/windowsvista/default.mspx Windows Vista]''' comes with [http://jinath.weblogs.us/archives/031334.html Sinhala support] by default. *There are also some complaints about the lack of ''pili''s in Sinhala Unicode. However, this has been deliberately done to simplify the script. ''Yansaya'' and ''repaya'' are also missing. *Feel free to discuss these issues [[Wikipedia_talk:Sinhala_font|here]]. =External links= *[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf Malithi Unicode font] *[http://fonts.lk/download/SinhalaIE.html Sinhala plugin for Internet Explorer 6] *[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/SinhalaXP0.4.zip Sinhala Pack for Windows XP Service Pack 2] *[http://fonts.lk/download/skoff.html Sinhala Add-on for MS Office XP] *[http://www.unicode.org Unicode organisation] 4430 2005-09-13T20:59:44Z Chin 20 Wikipedia:Sinhala font moved to Wikipedia:Sinhala Font Guide =Sinhala Font Guide= ==How to read Sinhala== This site uses '''Sinhala Unicode''' fonts. To see them displayed correctly, follow the steps below. We recommend that you use '''[http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox Mozilla Firefox 1.0.6]''' instead of '''Internet Explorer''' or '''Opera''', which seem to have some rendering issues. *If you have '''Microsoft Internet Explorer 6''' or a later version running on '''Windows''', simply install the [http://fonts.lk/download/SinhalaIE.html Sinhala Pack] and restart your computer. *Right click on your '''Desktop''', choose '''Properties''', go to '''Advanced''' tab, click on '''Effects''' and choose '''Cleartype''' as the ''method to smooth edges of screen fonts''. *Change '''Character Encoding''' to '''UTF-8''' Unicode in your browser ('''VIEW-->ENCODING''' in most browsers). *Go to '''Tools'''--> '''Options''', click on '''Fonts''', choose '''Malithi Web''' as the default font. ::::or *If you use a '''Mozila Firefox, Opera, Netscape''' or an older version of '''Internet Explorer''', please download the '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf Malithi Web]''' Sinhala Unicode font by clicking '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf here]'''. *Install it in your computer. For Windows, simply copy the font to your ''Windows\Fonts'' folder. Refer to system documentation for other operating systems. *Restart your computer. *In Windows, right click on your '''Desktop''', choose '''Properties''', go to '''Advanced''' tab, click on '''Effects''' and choose '''Cleartype''' as the ''method to smooth edges of screen fonts''. *Change '''Character Encoding''' to '''UTF-8''' Unicode in your browser ('''VIEW-->ENCODING''' in most browsers). *Go to '''Tools'''--> '''Options''', (--> '''Content''' in Firefox 1.5) click on '''Fonts''', choose '''Malithi Web''' as the default font. ==How to write Sinhala== *After following the above steps, you can use the '''Windows character map''' program to type in Sinhala. Remember to choose ''Malithi'' or the Sinhala Unicode font you have installed, when you do this. ::::or *If you have '''[http://www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/sp2/default.mspx Windows XP Service Pack 2]''', install the Sinhala Enabling Pack for XP by clicking '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/SinhalaXP0.4.zip here]'''. *This has been developed by Microsoft and endorsed by the Sri Lankan government. *Read the instructions before you install it. *It lets you toggle seamlessly between typing English and Sinhala using the language button on the task bar. This is, by far, the best solution. It uses the standard ''Wijesekera'' layout. *You can type in Unicode just as easily as you do with any other Sinhala or English font. ::::or *If you don't have Windows XP SP2 but have an older version of Windows and Microsoft '''Office XP''', you can download the Sinhala Pack for Office XP '''[http://fonts.lk/download/skoff.html here]'''. *This lets you type Sinhala documents in MS Word. You can copy and paste what you write in Wikipedia. You will need to have your XP CD handy. ==Still having problems== *[[Wikipedia_talk:Sinhala_font|Inform the other users]] about the problems you're having. Sinhala Unicode is relatively new and it may take a while to have universal support. *We have found '''[http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox Mozilla Firefox 1.0.6]''' on Windows XP Service Pack 2 to deliver the best results. *If you cannot read any Sinhala letters in the main page, correct the character encoding in your browser as we have explained. *If the letters appear rough, change to Cleartype as described above. ==Why Unicode?== *And not Kaputa or Kandy or eKottu? Unicode is the international standard for non-Latin scripts. It is Wikipedia's policy to use Unicode fonts in international sister sites. This is to ensure universal usability. You cannot use non Unicode fonts to search in Wikipedia. See other sister sites such as [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil Wikipedia] and [http://hi.wikipedia.org Hindi Wikipedia] to understand it's capabilities. *Currently, Sinhala does not come built in with '''Windows XP''' unlike Tamil and Hindi. However, the beta versions of upcoming '''[http://www.microsoft.com/windowsvista/default.mspx Windows Vista]''' comes with [http://jinath.weblogs.us/archives/031334.html Sinhala support] by default. *There are also some complaints about the lack of ''pili''s in Sinhala Unicode. However, this has been deliberately done to simplify the script. ''Yansaya'' and ''repaya'' are also missing. *Feel free to discuss these issues [[Wikipedia_talk:Sinhala_font|here]]. =External links= *[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf Malithi Unicode font] *[http://fonts.lk/download/SinhalaIE.html Sinhala plugin for Internet Explorer 6] *[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/SinhalaXP0.4.zip Sinhala Pack for Windows XP Service Pack 2] *[http://fonts.lk/download/skoff.html Sinhala Add-on for MS Office XP] *[http://www.unicode.org Unicode organisation] 4451 2005-09-28T03:37:09Z 130.95.128.51 /* How to read Sinhala */ =Sinhala Font Guide= ==How to read Sinhala== This site uses '''Sinhala Unicode''' fonts. To see them displayed correctly, follow the steps below. We recommend that you use '''[http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox Mozilla Firefox 1.0.7]''' instead of '''Internet Explorer''' or '''Opera''', which seem to have some rendering issues. *If you have '''Microsoft Internet Explorer 6''' or a later version running on '''Windows''', simply install the [http://fonts.lk/download/SinhalaIE.html Sinhala Pack] and restart your computer. *Right click on your '''Desktop''', choose '''Properties''', go to '''Advanced''' tab, click on '''Effects''' and choose '''Cleartype''' as the ''method to smooth edges of screen fonts''. *Change '''Character Encoding''' to '''UTF-8''' Unicode in your browser ('''VIEW-->ENCODING''' in most browsers). *Go to '''Tools'''--> '''Options''', click on '''Fonts''', choose '''Malithi Web''' as the default font. ::::or *If you use a '''Mozila Firefox, Opera, Netscape''' or an older version of '''Internet Explorer''', please download the '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf Malithi Web]''' Sinhala Unicode font by clicking '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf here]'''. *Install it in your computer. For Windows, simply copy the font to your ''Windows\Fonts'' folder. Refer to system documentation for other operating systems. *Restart your computer. *In Windows, right click on your '''Desktop''', choose '''Properties''', go to '''Advanced''' tab, click on '''Effects''' and choose '''Cleartype''' as the ''method to smooth edges of screen fonts''. *Change '''Character Encoding''' to '''UTF-8''' Unicode in your browser ('''VIEW-->ENCODING''' in most browsers). *Go to '''Tools'''--> '''Options''', (--> '''Content''' in Firefox 1.5) click on '''Fonts''', choose '''Malithi Web''' as the default font. ==How to write Sinhala== *After following the above steps, you can use the '''Windows character map''' program to type in Sinhala. Remember to choose ''Malithi'' or the Sinhala Unicode font you have installed, when you do this. ::::or *If you have '''[http://www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/sp2/default.mspx Windows XP Service Pack 2]''', install the Sinhala Enabling Pack for XP by clicking '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/SinhalaXP0.4.zip here]'''. *This has been developed by Microsoft and endorsed by the Sri Lankan government. *Read the instructions before you install it. *It lets you toggle seamlessly between typing English and Sinhala using the language button on the task bar. This is, by far, the best solution. It uses the standard ''Wijesekera'' layout. *You can type in Unicode just as easily as you do with any other Sinhala or English font. ::::or *If you don't have Windows XP SP2 but have an older version of Windows and Microsoft '''Office XP''', you can download the Sinhala Pack for Office XP '''[http://fonts.lk/download/skoff.html here]'''. *This lets you type Sinhala documents in MS Word. You can copy and paste what you write in Wikipedia. You will need to have your XP CD handy. ==Still having problems== *[[Wikipedia_talk:Sinhala_font|Inform the other users]] about the problems you're having. Sinhala Unicode is relatively new and it may take a while to have universal support. *We have found '''[http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox Mozilla Firefox 1.0.6]''' on Windows XP Service Pack 2 to deliver the best results. *If you cannot read any Sinhala letters in the main page, correct the character encoding in your browser as we have explained. *If the letters appear rough, change to Cleartype as described above. ==Why Unicode?== *And not Kaputa or Kandy or eKottu? Unicode is the international standard for non-Latin scripts. It is Wikipedia's policy to use Unicode fonts in international sister sites. This is to ensure universal usability. You cannot use non Unicode fonts to search in Wikipedia. See other sister sites such as [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil Wikipedia] and [http://hi.wikipedia.org Hindi Wikipedia] to understand it's capabilities. *Currently, Sinhala does not come built in with '''Windows XP''' unlike Tamil and Hindi. However, the beta versions of upcoming '''[http://www.microsoft.com/windowsvista/default.mspx Windows Vista]''' comes with [http://jinath.weblogs.us/archives/031334.html Sinhala support] by default. *There are also some complaints about the lack of ''pili''s in Sinhala Unicode. However, this has been deliberately done to simplify the script. ''Yansaya'' and ''repaya'' are also missing. *Feel free to discuss these issues [[Wikipedia_talk:Sinhala_font|here]]. =External links= *[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf Malithi Unicode font] *[http://fonts.lk/download/SinhalaIE.html Sinhala plugin for Internet Explorer 6] *[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/SinhalaXP0.4.zip Sinhala Pack for Windows XP Service Pack 2] *[http://fonts.lk/download/skoff.html Sinhala Add-on for MS Office XP] *[http://www.unicode.org Unicode organisation] 4463 2005-10-12T16:07:38Z Chin 20 =Sinhala Font Guide= ==How to read Sinhala== This site uses '''Sinhala Unicode''' fonts. To see them displayed correctly, follow the steps below. We recommend that you use '''[http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox Mozilla Firefox 1.0.7]'''instead of '''Internet Explorer''' or '''Opera''', which seem to have some rendering issues. *If you have '''Microsoft Internet Explorer 6''' or a later version running on '''Windows''', simply install the [http://fonts.lk/download/SinhalaIE.html Sinhala Pack] and restart your computer. *Right click on your '''Desktop''', choose '''Properties''', go to '''Advanced''' tab, click on '''Effects''' and choose '''Cleartype''' as the ''method to smooth edges of screen fonts''. *Change '''Character Encoding''' to '''UTF-8''' Unicode in your browser ('''VIEW-->ENCODING''' in most browsers). *Go to '''Tools'''--> '''Options''', click on '''Fonts''', choose '''Malithi Web''' as the default font. ::::or *If you use a '''Mozila Firefox, Opera, Netscape''' or an older version of '''Internet Explorer''', please download the '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf Malithi Web]''' Sinhala Unicode font by clicking '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf here]'''. *Install it in your computer. For Windows, simply copy the font to your ''Windows\Fonts'' folder. Refer to system documentation for other operating systems. *Restart your computer. *In Windows, right click on your '''Desktop''', choose '''Properties''', go to '''Advanced''' tab, click on '''Effects''' and choose '''Cleartype''' as the ''method to smooth edges of screen fonts''. *Change '''Character Encoding''' to '''UTF-8''' Unicode in your browser ('''VIEW-->ENCODING''' in most browsers). *Go to '''Tools'''--> '''Options''', (--> '''Content''' in Firefox 1.5) click on '''Fonts''', choose '''Malithi Web''' as the default font. ==How to write Sinhala== *After following the above steps, you can use the '''Windows character map''' program to type in Sinhala. Remember to choose ''Malithi'' or the Sinhala Unicode font you have installed, when you do this. ::::or *If you have '''[http://www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/sp2/default.mspx Windows XP Service Pack 2]''', install the Sinhala Enabling Pack for XP by clicking '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/SinhalaXP0.4.zip here]'''. *This has been developed by Microsoft and endorsed by the Sri Lankan government. *Read the instructions before you install it. *It lets you toggle seamlessly between typing English and Sinhala using the language button on the task bar. This is, by far, the best solution. It uses the standard ''Wijesekera'' layout. *You can type in Unicode just as easily as you do with any other Sinhala or English font. ::::or *If you don't have Windows XP SP2 but have an older version of Windows and Microsoft '''Office XP''', you can download the Sinhala Pack for Office XP '''[http://fonts.lk/download/skoff.html here]'''. *This lets you type Sinhala documents in MS Word. You can copy and paste what you write in Wikipedia. You will need to have your XP CD handy. ::::or *If you are using a version of Windows other than XP SP2, you can use the [http://www.sinhalasp.com/keyboard_driver.htm|FutureSinhala keyboard driver] to type in Sinhala unicode. *It's a small background program that intercepts what you type and converts it to the Sinhala unicode format. *You can type in phonetics, Wijeysekara layout or Singlish (ea kiyanne mehema type karana eka) and the program will type it in Sinhala on any open window (MS Word etc). ==Still having problems== *[[Wikipedia_talk:Sinhala_font|Inform the other users]] about the problems you're having. Sinhala Unicode is relatively new and it may take a while to have universal support. *We have found '''[http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox Mozilla Firefox 1.0.6]''' on Windows XP Service Pack 2 to deliver the best results. *If you cannot read any Sinhala letters in the main page, correct the character encoding in your browser as we have explained. *If the letters appear rough, change to Cleartype as described above. ==Why Unicode?== *And not Kaputa or Kandy or eKottu? Unicode is the international standard for non-Latin scripts. It is Wikipedia's policy to use Unicode fonts in international sister sites. This is to ensure universal usability. You cannot use non Unicode fonts to search in Wikipedia. See other sister sites such as [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil Wikipedia] and [http://hi.wikipedia.org Hindi Wikipedia] to understand it's capabilities. *Currently, Sinhala does not come built in with '''Windows XP''' unlike Tamil and Hindi. However, the beta versions of upcoming '''[http://www.microsoft.com/windowsvista/default.mspx Windows Vista]''' comes with [http://jinath.weblogs.us/archives/031334.html Sinhala support] by default. *There are also some complaints about the lack of ''pili''s in Sinhala Unicode. However, this has been deliberately done to simplify the script. ''Yansaya'' and ''repaya'' are also missing. *Feel free to discuss these issues [[Wikipedia_talk:Sinhala Font Guide|here]]. =External links= *[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf Malithi Unicode font] *[http://fonts.lk/download/SinhalaIE.html Sinhala plugin for Internet Explorer 6] *[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/SinhalaXP0.4.zip Sinhala Pack for Windows XP Service Pack 2] *[http://fonts.lk/download/skoff.html Sinhala Add-on for MS Office XP] *[http://www.sinhalasp.com/keyboard_driver.htm SinhalaSP keyboard driver] *[http://www.unicode.org Unicode organisation] 4464 2005-10-12T16:09:06Z Chin 20 =Sinhala Font Guide= ==How to read Sinhala== This site uses '''Sinhala Unicode''' fonts. To see them displayed correctly, follow the steps below. We recommend that you use '''[http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox Mozilla Firefox 1.0.7]'''instead of '''Internet Explorer''' or '''Opera''', which seem to have some rendering issues. *If you have '''Microsoft Internet Explorer 6''' or a later version running on '''Windows''', simply install the [http://fonts.lk/download/SinhalaIE.html Sinhala Pack] and restart your computer. *Right click on your '''Desktop''', choose '''Properties''', go to '''Advanced''' tab, click on '''Effects''' and choose '''Cleartype''' as the ''method to smooth edges of screen fonts''. *Change '''Character Encoding''' to '''UTF-8''' Unicode in your browser ('''VIEW-->ENCODING''' in most browsers). *Go to '''Tools'''--> '''Options''', click on '''Fonts''', choose '''Malithi Web''' as the default font. ::::or *If you use a '''Mozila Firefox, Opera, Netscape''' or an older version of '''Internet Explorer''', please download the '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf Malithi Web]''' Sinhala Unicode font by clicking '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf here]'''. *Install it in your computer. For Windows, simply copy the font to your ''Windows\Fonts'' folder. Refer to system documentation for other operating systems. *Restart your computer. *In Windows, right click on your '''Desktop''', choose '''Properties''', go to '''Advanced''' tab, click on '''Effects''' and choose '''Cleartype''' as the ''method to smooth edges of screen fonts''. *Change '''Character Encoding''' to '''UTF-8''' Unicode in your browser ('''VIEW-->ENCODING''' in most browsers). *Go to '''Tools'''--> '''Options''', (--> '''Content''' in Firefox 1.5) click on '''Fonts''', choose '''Malithi Web''' as the default font. ==How to write Sinhala== *After following the above steps, you can use the '''Windows character map''' program to type in Sinhala. Remember to choose ''Malithi'' or the Sinhala Unicode font you have installed, when you do this. ::::or *If you have '''[http://www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/sp2/default.mspx Windows XP Service Pack 2]''', install the Sinhala Enabling Pack for XP by clicking '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/SinhalaXP0.4.zip here]'''. *This has been developed by Microsoft and endorsed by the Sri Lankan government. *Read the instructions before you install it. *It lets you toggle seamlessly between typing English and Sinhala using the language button on the task bar. This is, by far, the best solution. It uses the standard ''Wijesekera'' layout. *You can type in Unicode just as easily as you do with any other Sinhala or English font. ::::or *If you don't have Windows XP SP2 but have an older version of Windows and Microsoft '''Office XP''', you can download the Sinhala Pack for Office XP '''[http://fonts.lk/download/skoff.html here]'''. *This lets you type Sinhala documents in MS Word. You can copy and paste what you write in Wikipedia. You will need to have your XP CD handy. ::::or *If you are using a version of Windows other than XP SP2, you can use the [http://www.sinhalasp.com/keyboard_driver.htm|FutureSinhala keyboard driver] to type in Sinhala unicode. *It's a small background program that intercepts what you type and converts it to the Sinhala unicode format. *You can type in phonetics, Wijeysekara layout or Singlish (ea kiyanne mehema type karana eka) and the program will type it in Sinhala on any open window (MS Word etc). ==Still having problems== *[[Wikipedia_talk:Sinhala_Font_Guide|Inform the other users]] about the problems you're having. Sinhala Unicode is relatively new and it may take a while to have universal support. *We have found '''[http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox Mozilla Firefox 1.0.6]''' on Windows XP Service Pack 2 to deliver the best results. *If you cannot read any Sinhala letters in the main page, correct the character encoding in your browser as we have explained. *If the letters appear rough, change to Cleartype as described above. ==Why Unicode?== *And not Kaputa or Kandy or eKottu? Unicode is the international standard for non-Latin scripts. It is Wikipedia's policy to use Unicode fonts in international sister sites. This is to ensure universal usability. You cannot use non Unicode fonts to search in Wikipedia. See other sister sites such as [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil Wikipedia] and [http://hi.wikipedia.org Hindi Wikipedia] to understand it's capabilities. *Currently, Sinhala does not come built in with '''Windows XP''' unlike Tamil and Hindi. However, the beta versions of upcoming '''[http://www.microsoft.com/windowsvista/default.mspx Windows Vista]''' comes with [http://jinath.weblogs.us/archives/031334.html Sinhala support] by default. *There are also some complaints about the lack of ''pili''s in Sinhala Unicode. However, this has been deliberately done to simplify the script. ''Yansaya'' and ''repaya'' are also missing. *Feel free to discuss these issues [[Wikipedia_talk:Sinhala Font Guide|here]]. =External links= *[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf Malithi Unicode font] *[http://fonts.lk/download/SinhalaIE.html Sinhala plugin for Internet Explorer 6] *[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/SinhalaXP0.4.zip Sinhala Pack for Windows XP Service Pack 2] *[http://fonts.lk/download/skoff.html Sinhala Add-on for MS Office XP] *[http://www.sinhalasp.com/keyboard_driver.htm SinhalaSP keyboard driver] *[http://www.unicode.org Unicode organisation] 4469 2005-10-16T21:20:53Z 66.134.19.206 /* Sinhala Font Guide */ =Sinhala Font Guide= ==How to read Sinhala== This site uses '''Sinhala Unicode''' fonts. To see them displayed correctly, follow the steps below. We recommend that you use '''[http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox Mozilla Firefox 1.0.7]'''instead of '''Internet Explorer''' or '''Opera''', which seem to have some rendering issues. *If you have '''Microsoft Internet Explorer 6''' or a later version running on '''Windows''', simply install the [http://fonts.lk/download/SinhalaIE.html Sinhala Pack] and restart your computer. *Right click on your '''Desktop''', choose '''Properties''', go to '''Advanced''' tab, click on '''Effects''' and choose '''Cleartype''' as the ''method to smooth edges of screen fonts''. *Change '''Character Encoding''' to '''UTF-8''' Unicode in your browser ('''VIEW-->ENCODING''' in most browsers). *Go to '''Tools'''--> '''Options''', click on '''Fonts''', choose '''Malithi Web''' as the default font. ::::or *If you use a '''Mozila Firefox, Opera, Netscape''' or an older version of '''Internet Explorer''', please download the '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf Malithi Web]''' Sinhala Unicode font by clicking '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf here]'''. *Install it in your computer. For Windows, simply copy the font to your ''Windows\Fonts'' folder. Refer to system documentation for other operating systems. *Restart your computer. *In Windows, right click on your '''Desktop''', choose '''Properties''', go to '''Advanced''' tab, click on '''Effects''' and choose '''Cleartype''' as the ''method to smooth edges of screen fonts''. *Change '''Character Encoding''' to '''UTF-8''' Unicode in your browser ('''VIEW-->ENCODING''' in most browsers). *Go to '''Tools'''--> '''Options''', (--> '''Content''' in Firefox 1.5) click on '''Fonts''', choose '''Malithi Web''' as the default font. ==How to write Sinhala== *After following the above steps, you can use the '''Windows character map''' program to type in Sinhala. Remember to choose ''Malithi'' or the Sinhala Unicode font you have installed, when you do this. ::::or *If you have '''[http://www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/sp2/default.mspx Windows XP Service Pack 2]''', install the Sinhala Enabling Pack for XP by clicking '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/SinhalaXP0.4.zip here]'''. *This has been developed by Microsoft and endorsed by the Sri Lankan government. *Read the instructions before you install it. *It lets you toggle seamlessly between typing English and Sinhala using the language button on the task bar. This is, by far, the best solution. It uses the standard ''Wijesekera'' layout. *You can type in Unicode just as easily as you do with any other Sinhala or English font. ::::or *If you don't have Windows XP SP2 but have an older version of Windows and Microsoft '''Office XP''', you can download the Sinhala Pack for Office XP '''[http://fonts.lk/download/skoff.html here]'''. *This lets you type Sinhala documents in MS Word. You can copy and paste what you write in Wikipedia. You will need to have your XP CD handy. ::::or *If you are using a version of Windows other than XP SP2, you can use the [http://www.sinhalasp.com/keyboard_driver.htm|FutureSinhala keyboard driver] to type in Sinhala unicode. *It's a small background program that intercepts what you type and converts it to the Sinhala unicode format. *You can type in phonetics, Wijeysekara layout or Singlish (ea kiyanne mehema type karana eka) and the program will type it in Sinhala on any open window (MS Word etc). ==Still having problems== *[[Wikipedia_talk:Sinhala_Font_Guide|Inform the other users]] about the problems you're having. Sinhala Unicode is relatively new and it may take a while to have universal support. *We have found '''[http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox Mozilla Firefox 1.0.6]''' on Windows XP Service Pack 2 to deliver the best results. *If you cannot read any Sinhala letters in the main page, correct the character encoding in your browser as we have explained. *If the letters appear rough, change to Cleartype as described above. ==Why Unicode?== *And not Kaputa or Kandy or eKottu? Unicode is the international standard for non-Latin scripts. It is Wikipedia's policy to use Unicode fonts in international sister sites. This is to ensure universal usability. You cannot use non Unicode fonts to search in Wikipedia. See other sister sites such as [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil Wikipedia] and [http://hi.wikipedia.org Hindi Wikipedia] to understand it's capabilities. *Currently, Sinhala does not come built in with '''Windows XP''' unlike Tamil and Hindi. However, the beta versions of upcoming '''[http://www.microsoft.com/windowsvista/default.mspx Windows Vista]''' comes with [http://jinath.weblogs.us/archives/031334.html Sinhala support] by default. *There are also some complaints about the lack of ''pili''s in Sinhala Unicode. However, this has been deliberately done to simplify the script. ''Yansaya'' and ''repaya'' are also missing. *Feel free to discuss these issues [[Wikipedia_talk:Sinhala Font Guide|here]]. =External links= *[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf Malithi Unicode font] *[http://fonts.lk/download/SinhalaIE.html Sinhala plugin for Internet Explorer 6] *[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/SinhalaXP0.4.zip Sinhala Pack for Windows XP Service Pack 2] *[http://fonts.lk/download/skoff.html Sinhala Add-on for MS Office XP] *[http://www.sinhalasp.com/keyboard_driver.htm SinhalaSP keyboard driver] *[http://www.unicode.org Unicode organisation] 4830 2006-01-30T16:02:32Z 128.2.219.37 /* Why Unicode? */ =Sinhala Font Guide= ==How to read Sinhala== This site uses '''Sinhala Unicode''' fonts. To see them displayed correctly, follow the steps below. We recommend that you use '''[http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox Mozilla Firefox 1.0.7]'''instead of '''Internet Explorer''' or '''Opera''', which seem to have some rendering issues. *If you have '''Microsoft Internet Explorer 6''' or a later version running on '''Windows''', simply install the [http://fonts.lk/download/SinhalaIE.html Sinhala Pack] and restart your computer. *Right click on your '''Desktop''', choose '''Properties''', go to '''Advanced''' tab, click on '''Effects''' and choose '''Cleartype''' as the ''method to smooth edges of screen fonts''. *Change '''Character Encoding''' to '''UTF-8''' Unicode in your browser ('''VIEW-->ENCODING''' in most browsers). *Go to '''Tools'''--> '''Options''', click on '''Fonts''', choose '''Malithi Web''' as the default font. ::::or *If you use a '''Mozila Firefox, Opera, Netscape''' or an older version of '''Internet Explorer''', please download the '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf Malithi Web]''' Sinhala Unicode font by clicking '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf here]'''. *Install it in your computer. For Windows, simply copy the font to your ''Windows\Fonts'' folder. Refer to system documentation for other operating systems. *Restart your computer. *In Windows, right click on your '''Desktop''', choose '''Properties''', go to '''Advanced''' tab, click on '''Effects''' and choose '''Cleartype''' as the ''method to smooth edges of screen fonts''. *Change '''Character Encoding''' to '''UTF-8''' Unicode in your browser ('''VIEW-->ENCODING''' in most browsers). *Go to '''Tools'''--> '''Options''', (--> '''Content''' in Firefox 1.5) click on '''Fonts''', choose '''Malithi Web''' as the default font. ==How to write Sinhala== *After following the above steps, you can use the '''Windows character map''' program to type in Sinhala. Remember to choose ''Malithi'' or the Sinhala Unicode font you have installed, when you do this. ::::or *If you have '''[http://www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/sp2/default.mspx Windows XP Service Pack 2]''', install the Sinhala Enabling Pack for XP by clicking '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/SinhalaXP0.4.zip here]'''. *This has been developed by Microsoft and endorsed by the Sri Lankan government. *Read the instructions before you install it. *It lets you toggle seamlessly between typing English and Sinhala using the language button on the task bar. This is, by far, the best solution. It uses the standard ''Wijesekera'' layout. *You can type in Unicode just as easily as you do with any other Sinhala or English font. ::::or *If you don't have Windows XP SP2 but have an older version of Windows and Microsoft '''Office XP''', you can download the Sinhala Pack for Office XP '''[http://fonts.lk/download/skoff.html here]'''. *This lets you type Sinhala documents in MS Word. You can copy and paste what you write in Wikipedia. You will need to have your XP CD handy. ::::or *If you are using a version of Windows other than XP SP2, you can use the [http://www.sinhalasp.com/keyboard_driver.htm|FutureSinhala keyboard driver] to type in Sinhala unicode. *It's a small background program that intercepts what you type and converts it to the Sinhala unicode format. *You can type in phonetics, Wijeysekara layout or Singlish (ea kiyanne mehema type karana eka) and the program will type it in Sinhala on any open window (MS Word etc). ==Still having problems== *[[Wikipedia_talk:Sinhala_Font_Guide|Inform the other users]] about the problems you're having. Sinhala Unicode is relatively new and it may take a while to have universal support. *We have found '''[http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox Mozilla Firefox 1.0.6]''' on Windows XP Service Pack 2 to deliver the best results. *If you cannot read any Sinhala letters in the main page, correct the character encoding in your browser as we have explained. *If the letters appear rough, change to Cleartype as described above. ==Why Unicode?== *And not Kaputa or Kandy or eKottu? Unicode is the international standard for non-Latin scripts. It is Wikipedia's policy to use Unicode fonts in international sister sites. This is to ensure universal usability. You cannot use non Unicode fonts to search in Wikipedia. See other sister sites such as [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil Wikipedia] and [http://hi.wikipedia.org Hindi Wikipedia] to understand it's capabilities. *Currently, Sinhala does not come built in with '''Windows XP''' unlike Tamil and Hindi. However, the beta versions of upcoming '''[http://www.microsoft.com/windowsvista/default.mspx Windows Vista]''' comes with [http://jinath.weblogs.us/archives/031334.html Sinhala support] by default. *There are also some complaints about the lack of ''pili''s in Sinhala Unicode. This is a misunderstanding due to the fact that some modifiers such as ''yansaya'' and ''repaya'' are not explicitly included in the Unicode code chart. However, these modifiers are included in the glyph tables and can be typed into documents using the appropriate combination of characters. The Sinhala keyboard layout recommended by ICTA include keys for both these modifiers. *Feel free to discuss these issues [[Wikipedia_talk:Sinhala Font Guide|here]]. =External links= *[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf Malithi Unicode font] *[http://fonts.lk/download/SinhalaIE.html Sinhala plugin for Internet Explorer 6] *[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/SinhalaXP0.4.zip Sinhala Pack for Windows XP Service Pack 2] *[http://fonts.lk/download/skoff.html Sinhala Add-on for MS Office XP] *[http://www.sinhalasp.com/keyboard_driver.htm SinhalaSP keyboard driver] *[http://www.unicode.org Unicode organisation] 4843 2006-02-09T13:01:28Z 222.165.169.156 /* External links */ =Sinhala Font Guide= ==How to read Sinhala== This site uses '''Sinhala Unicode''' fonts. To see them displayed correctly, follow the steps below. We recommend that you use '''[http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox Mozilla Firefox 1.0.7]'''instead of '''Internet Explorer''' or '''Opera''', which seem to have some rendering issues. *If you have '''Microsoft Internet Explorer 6''' or a later version running on '''Windows''', simply install the [http://fonts.lk/download/SinhalaIE.html Sinhala Pack] and restart your computer. *Right click on your '''Desktop''', choose '''Properties''', go to '''Advanced''' tab, click on '''Effects''' and choose '''Cleartype''' as the ''method to smooth edges of screen fonts''. *Change '''Character Encoding''' to '''UTF-8''' Unicode in your browser ('''VIEW-->ENCODING''' in most browsers). *Go to '''Tools'''--> '''Options''', click on '''Fonts''', choose '''Malithi Web''' as the default font. ::::or *If you use a '''Mozila Firefox, Opera, Netscape''' or an older version of '''Internet Explorer''', please download the '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf Malithi Web]''' Sinhala Unicode font by clicking '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf here]'''. *Install it in your computer. For Windows, simply copy the font to your ''Windows\Fonts'' folder. Refer to system documentation for other operating systems. *Restart your computer. *In Windows, right click on your '''Desktop''', choose '''Properties''', go to '''Advanced''' tab, click on '''Effects''' and choose '''Cleartype''' as the ''method to smooth edges of screen fonts''. *Change '''Character Encoding''' to '''UTF-8''' Unicode in your browser ('''VIEW-->ENCODING''' in most browsers). *Go to '''Tools'''--> '''Options''', (--> '''Content''' in Firefox 1.5) click on '''Fonts''', choose '''Malithi Web''' as the default font. ==How to write Sinhala== *After following the above steps, you can use the '''Windows character map''' program to type in Sinhala. Remember to choose ''Malithi'' or the Sinhala Unicode font you have installed, when you do this. ::::or *If you have '''[http://www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/sp2/default.mspx Windows XP Service Pack 2]''', install the Sinhala Enabling Pack for XP by clicking '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/SinhalaXP0.4.zip here]'''. *This has been developed by Microsoft and endorsed by the Sri Lankan government. *Read the instructions before you install it. *It lets you toggle seamlessly between typing English and Sinhala using the language button on the task bar. This is, by far, the best solution. It uses the standard ''Wijesekera'' layout. *You can type in Unicode just as easily as you do with any other Sinhala or English font. ::::or *If you don't have Windows XP SP2 but have an older version of Windows and Microsoft '''Office XP''', you can download the Sinhala Pack for Office XP '''[http://fonts.lk/download/skoff.html here]'''. *This lets you type Sinhala documents in MS Word. You can copy and paste what you write in Wikipedia. You will need to have your XP CD handy. ::::or *If you are using a version of Windows other than XP SP2, you can use the [http://www.sinhalasp.com/keyboard_driver.htm|FutureSinhala keyboard driver] to type in Sinhala unicode. *It's a small background program that intercepts what you type and converts it to the Sinhala unicode format. *You can type in phonetics, Wijeysekara layout or Singlish (ea kiyanne mehema type karana eka) and the program will type it in Sinhala on any open window (MS Word etc). ==Still having problems== *[[Wikipedia_talk:Sinhala_Font_Guide|Inform the other users]] about the problems you're having. Sinhala Unicode is relatively new and it may take a while to have universal support. *We have found '''[http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox Mozilla Firefox 1.0.6]''' on Windows XP Service Pack 2 to deliver the best results. *If you cannot read any Sinhala letters in the main page, correct the character encoding in your browser as we have explained. *If the letters appear rough, change to Cleartype as described above. ==Why Unicode?== *And not Kaputa or Kandy or eKottu? Unicode is the international standard for non-Latin scripts. It is Wikipedia's policy to use Unicode fonts in international sister sites. This is to ensure universal usability. You cannot use non Unicode fonts to search in Wikipedia. See other sister sites such as [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil Wikipedia] and [http://hi.wikipedia.org Hindi Wikipedia] to understand it's capabilities. *Currently, Sinhala does not come built in with '''Windows XP''' unlike Tamil and Hindi. However, the beta versions of upcoming '''[http://www.microsoft.com/windowsvista/default.mspx Windows Vista]''' comes with [http://jinath.weblogs.us/archives/031334.html Sinhala support] by default. *There are also some complaints about the lack of ''pili''s in Sinhala Unicode. This is a misunderstanding due to the fact that some modifiers such as ''yansaya'' and ''repaya'' are not explicitly included in the Unicode code chart. However, these modifiers are included in the glyph tables and can be typed into documents using the appropriate combination of characters. The Sinhala keyboard layout recommended by ICTA include keys for both these modifiers. *Feel free to discuss these issues [[Wikipedia_talk:Sinhala Font Guide|here]]. =External links= *[http://www.info.lk/slword/ Kaputa Sinhahala Unicode Fonts for Windows, Linux and Mac] *[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf Malithi Unicode font] *[http://fonts.lk/download/SinhalaIE.html Sinhala plugin for Internet Explorer 6] *[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/SinhalaXP0.4.zip Sinhala Pack for Windows XP Service Pack 2] *[http://fonts.lk/download/skoff.html Sinhala Add-on for MS Office XP] *[http://www.sinhalasp.com/keyboard_driver.htm SinhalaSP key board drver] *[http://www.unicode.org Unicode organisation] *[http://groups.google.lk/group/Sinhala-Unicode?lnk=srgg&hl=si සිංහල යුනිකොඩ් සමූහය - Sinhala Unicode] 4859 2006-02-12T11:22:27Z 220.247.250.113 /* How to write Sinhala */ =Sinhala Font Guide= ==How to read Sinhala== This site uses '''Sinhala Unicode''' fonts. To see them displayed correctly, follow the steps below. We recommend that you use '''[http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox Mozilla Firefox 1.0.7]'''instead of '''Internet Explorer''' or '''Opera''', which seem to have some rendering issues. *If you have '''Microsoft Internet Explorer 6''' or a later version running on '''Windows''', simply install the [http://fonts.lk/download/SinhalaIE.html Sinhala Pack] and restart your computer. *Right click on your '''Desktop''', choose '''Properties''', go to '''Advanced''' tab, click on '''Effects''' and choose '''Cleartype''' as the ''method to smooth edges of screen fonts''. *Change '''Character Encoding''' to '''UTF-8''' Unicode in your browser ('''VIEW-->ENCODING''' in most browsers). *Go to '''Tools'''--> '''Options''', click on '''Fonts''', choose '''Malithi Web''' as the default font. ::::or *If you use a '''Mozila Firefox, Opera, Netscape''' or an older version of '''Internet Explorer''', please download the '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf Malithi Web]''' Sinhala Unicode font by clicking '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf here]'''. *Install it in your computer. For Windows, simply copy the font to your ''Windows\Fonts'' folder. Refer to system documentation for other operating systems. *Restart your computer. *In Windows, right click on your '''Desktop''', choose '''Properties''', go to '''Advanced''' tab, click on '''Effects''' and choose '''Cleartype''' as the ''method to smooth edges of screen fonts''. *Change '''Character Encoding''' to '''UTF-8''' Unicode in your browser ('''VIEW-->ENCODING''' in most browsers). *Go to '''Tools'''--> '''Options''', (--> '''Content''' in Firefox 1.5) click on '''Fonts''', choose '''Malithi Web''' as the default font. ==How to write Sinhala== *After following the above steps, you can use the '''Windows character map''' program to type in Sinhala. Remember to choose ''[http://www.kpauta.com Kaputa.Com]'' or ''Malithi'' or other Sinhala Unicode font you have installed, when you do this. ::::or *If you have '''[http://www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/sp2/default.mspx Windows XP Service Pack 2]''', install the Sinhala Enabling Pack for XP by clicking '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/SinhalaXP0.4.zip here]'''. *This has been developed by Microsoft and endorsed by the Sri Lankan government. *Read the instructions before you install it. *It lets you toggle seamlessly between typing English and Sinhala using the language button on the task bar. This is, by far, the best solution. It uses the standard ''Wijesekera'' layout. *You can type in Unicode just as easily as you do with any other Sinhala or English font. ::::or *If you don't have Windows XP SP2 but have an older version of Windows and Microsoft '''Office XP''', you can download the Sinhala Pack for Office XP '''[http://fonts.lk/download/skoff.html here]'''. *This lets you type Sinhala documents in MS Word. You can copy and paste what you write in Wikipedia. You will need to have your XP CD handy. ::::or *If you are using a version of Windows other than XP SP2, you can use the [http://www.sinhalasp.com/keyboard_driver.htm|FutureSinhala keyboard driver] to type in Sinhala unicode. *It's a small background program that intercepts what you type and converts it to the Sinhala unicode format. *You can type in phonetics, Wijeysekara layout or Singlish (ea kiyanne mehema type karana eka) and the program will type it in Sinhala on any open window (MS Word etc). ==Still having problems== *[[Wikipedia_talk:Sinhala_Font_Guide|Inform the other users]] about the problems you're having. Sinhala Unicode is relatively new and it may take a while to have universal support. *We have found '''[http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox Mozilla Firefox 1.0.6]''' on Windows XP Service Pack 2 to deliver the best results. *If you cannot read any Sinhala letters in the main page, correct the character encoding in your browser as we have explained. *If the letters appear rough, change to Cleartype as described above. ==Why Unicode?== *And not Kaputa or Kandy or eKottu? Unicode is the international standard for non-Latin scripts. It is Wikipedia's policy to use Unicode fonts in international sister sites. This is to ensure universal usability. You cannot use non Unicode fonts to search in Wikipedia. See other sister sites such as [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil Wikipedia] and [http://hi.wikipedia.org Hindi Wikipedia] to understand it's capabilities. *Currently, Sinhala does not come built in with '''Windows XP''' unlike Tamil and Hindi. However, the beta versions of upcoming '''[http://www.microsoft.com/windowsvista/default.mspx Windows Vista]''' comes with [http://jinath.weblogs.us/archives/031334.html Sinhala support] by default. *There are also some complaints about the lack of ''pili''s in Sinhala Unicode. This is a misunderstanding due to the fact that some modifiers such as ''yansaya'' and ''repaya'' are not explicitly included in the Unicode code chart. However, these modifiers are included in the glyph tables and can be typed into documents using the appropriate combination of characters. The Sinhala keyboard layout recommended by ICTA include keys for both these modifiers. *Feel free to discuss these issues [[Wikipedia_talk:Sinhala Font Guide|here]]. =External links= *[http://www.info.lk/slword/ Kaputa Sinhahala Unicode Fonts for Windows, Linux and Mac] *[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf Malithi Unicode font] *[http://fonts.lk/download/SinhalaIE.html Sinhala plugin for Internet Explorer 6] *[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/SinhalaXP0.4.zip Sinhala Pack for Windows XP Service Pack 2] *[http://fonts.lk/download/skoff.html Sinhala Add-on for MS Office XP] *[http://www.sinhalasp.com/keyboard_driver.htm SinhalaSP key board drver] *[http://www.unicode.org Unicode organisation] *[http://groups.google.lk/group/Sinhala-Unicode?lnk=srgg&hl=si සිංහල යුනිකොඩ් සමූහය - Sinhala Unicode] 5038 2006-04-05T10:49:01Z Melanga 75 /* How to read Sinhala */ =Sinhala Font Guide= ==How to read Sinhala== This site uses '''Sinhala Unicode''' fonts. To see them displayed correctly, follow the steps below. We recommend that you use '''[http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox Mozilla Firefox 1.0.7]'''instead of '''Internet Explorer''' or '''Opera''', which seem to have some rendering issues. *If you have '''Microsoft Internet Explorer 6''' or a later version running on '''Windows''', simply install the [http://fonts.lk/download/SinhalaIE.html Sinhala Pack] and restart your computer. *Right click on your '''Desktop''', choose '''Properties''', go to '''Advanced/Appearance''' tab, click on '''Effects''' and choose '''Cleartype''' as the ''method to smooth edges of screen fonts''. *Change '''Character Encoding''' to '''UTF-8''' Unicode in your browser ('''VIEW-->ENCODING''' in most browsers). *Go to '''Tools'''--> '''Options''', click on '''Fonts''', choose '''Malithi Web''' as the default font. ::::or *If you use a '''Mozila Firefox, Opera, Netscape''' or an older version of '''Internet Explorer''', please download the '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf Malithi Web]''' Sinhala Unicode font by clicking '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf here]'''. *Install it in your computer. For Windows, simply copy the font to your ''Windows\Fonts'' folder. Refer to system documentation for other operating systems. *Restart your computer. *In Windows, right click on your '''Desktop''', choose '''Properties''', go to '''Advanced''' tab, click on '''Effects''' and choose '''Cleartype''' as the ''method to smooth edges of screen fonts''. *Change '''Character Encoding''' to '''UTF-8''' Unicode in your browser ('''VIEW-->ENCODING''' in most browsers). *Go to '''Tools'''--> '''Options''', (--> '''Content''' in Firefox 1.5) click on '''Fonts''', choose '''Malithi Web''' as the default font. ==How to write Sinhala== *After following the above steps, you can use the '''Windows character map''' program to type in Sinhala. Remember to choose ''[http://www.kpauta.com Kaputa.Com]'' or ''Malithi'' or other Sinhala Unicode font you have installed, when you do this. ::::or *If you have '''[http://www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/sp2/default.mspx Windows XP Service Pack 2]''', install the Sinhala Enabling Pack for XP by clicking '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/SinhalaXP0.4.zip here]'''. *This has been developed by Microsoft and endorsed by the Sri Lankan government. *Read the instructions before you install it. *It lets you toggle seamlessly between typing English and Sinhala using the language button on the task bar. This is, by far, the best solution. It uses the standard ''Wijesekera'' layout. *You can type in Unicode just as easily as you do with any other Sinhala or English font. ::::or *If you don't have Windows XP SP2 but have an older version of Windows and Microsoft '''Office XP''', you can download the Sinhala Pack for Office XP '''[http://fonts.lk/download/skoff.html here]'''. *This lets you type Sinhala documents in MS Word. You can copy and paste what you write in Wikipedia. You will need to have your XP CD handy. ::::or *If you are using a version of Windows other than XP SP2, you can use the [http://www.sinhalasp.com/keyboard_driver.htm|FutureSinhala keyboard driver] to type in Sinhala unicode. *It's a small background program that intercepts what you type and converts it to the Sinhala unicode format. *You can type in phonetics, Wijeysekara layout or Singlish (ea kiyanne mehema type karana eka) and the program will type it in Sinhala on any open window (MS Word etc). ==Still having problems== *[[Wikipedia_talk:Sinhala_Font_Guide|Inform the other users]] about the problems you're having. Sinhala Unicode is relatively new and it may take a while to have universal support. *We have found '''[http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox Mozilla Firefox 1.0.6]''' on Windows XP Service Pack 2 to deliver the best results. *If you cannot read any Sinhala letters in the main page, correct the character encoding in your browser as we have explained. *If the letters appear rough, change to Cleartype as described above. ==Why Unicode?== *And not Kaputa or Kandy or eKottu? Unicode is the international standard for non-Latin scripts. It is Wikipedia's policy to use Unicode fonts in international sister sites. This is to ensure universal usability. You cannot use non Unicode fonts to search in Wikipedia. See other sister sites such as [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil Wikipedia] and [http://hi.wikipedia.org Hindi Wikipedia] to understand it's capabilities. *Currently, Sinhala does not come built in with '''Windows XP''' unlike Tamil and Hindi. However, the beta versions of upcoming '''[http://www.microsoft.com/windowsvista/default.mspx Windows Vista]''' comes with [http://jinath.weblogs.us/archives/031334.html Sinhala support] by default. *There are also some complaints about the lack of ''pili''s in Sinhala Unicode. This is a misunderstanding due to the fact that some modifiers such as ''yansaya'' and ''repaya'' are not explicitly included in the Unicode code chart. However, these modifiers are included in the glyph tables and can be typed into documents using the appropriate combination of characters. The Sinhala keyboard layout recommended by ICTA include keys for both these modifiers. *Feel free to discuss these issues [[Wikipedia_talk:Sinhala Font Guide|here]]. =External links= *[http://www.info.lk/slword/ Kaputa Sinhahala Unicode Fonts for Windows, Linux and Mac] *[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf Malithi Unicode font] *[http://fonts.lk/download/SinhalaIE.html Sinhala plugin for Internet Explorer 6] *[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/SinhalaXP0.4.zip Sinhala Pack for Windows XP Service Pack 2] *[http://fonts.lk/download/skoff.html Sinhala Add-on for MS Office XP] *[http://www.sinhalasp.com/keyboard_driver.htm SinhalaSP key board drver] *[http://www.unicode.org Unicode organisation] *[http://groups.google.lk/group/Sinhala-Unicode?lnk=srgg&hl=si සිංහල යුනිකොඩ් සමූහය - Sinhala Unicode] 5041 2006-04-09T07:08:37Z 128.12.33.99 Interwiki links; I am [[en:User:Mxn]] [[vi:Thành viên:Mxn]] =Sinhala Font Guide= ==How to read Sinhala== This site uses '''Sinhala Unicode''' fonts. To see them displayed correctly, follow the steps below. We recommend that you use '''[http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox Mozilla Firefox 1.0.7]'''instead of '''Internet Explorer''' or '''Opera''', which seem to have some rendering issues. *If you have '''Microsoft Internet Explorer 6''' or a later version running on '''Windows''', simply install the [http://fonts.lk/download/SinhalaIE.html Sinhala Pack] and restart your computer. *Right click on your '''Desktop''', choose '''Properties''', go to '''Advanced/Appearance''' tab, click on '''Effects''' and choose '''Cleartype''' as the ''method to smooth edges of screen fonts''. *Change '''Character Encoding''' to '''UTF-8''' Unicode in your browser ('''VIEW-->ENCODING''' in most browsers). *Go to '''Tools'''--> '''Options''', click on '''Fonts''', choose '''Malithi Web''' as the default font. ::::or *If you use a '''Mozila Firefox, Opera, Netscape''' or an older version of '''Internet Explorer''', please download the '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf Malithi Web]''' Sinhala Unicode font by clicking '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf here]'''. *Install it in your computer. For Windows, simply copy the font to your ''Windows\Fonts'' folder. Refer to system documentation for other operating systems. *Restart your computer. *In Windows, right click on your '''Desktop''', choose '''Properties''', go to '''Advanced''' tab, click on '''Effects''' and choose '''Cleartype''' as the ''method to smooth edges of screen fonts''. *Change '''Character Encoding''' to '''UTF-8''' Unicode in your browser ('''VIEW-->ENCODING''' in most browsers). *Go to '''Tools'''--> '''Options''', (--> '''Content''' in Firefox 1.5) click on '''Fonts''', choose '''Malithi Web''' as the default font. ==How to write Sinhala== *After following the above steps, you can use the '''Windows character map''' program to type in Sinhala. Remember to choose ''[http://www.kpauta.com Kaputa.Com]'' or ''Malithi'' or other Sinhala Unicode font you have installed, when you do this. ::::or *If you have '''[http://www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/sp2/default.mspx Windows XP Service Pack 2]''', install the Sinhala Enabling Pack for XP by clicking '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/SinhalaXP0.4.zip here]'''. *This has been developed by Microsoft and endorsed by the Sri Lankan government. *Read the instructions before you install it. *It lets you toggle seamlessly between typing English and Sinhala using the language button on the task bar. This is, by far, the best solution. It uses the standard ''Wijesekera'' layout. *You can type in Unicode just as easily as you do with any other Sinhala or English font. ::::or *If you don't have Windows XP SP2 but have an older version of Windows and Microsoft '''Office XP''', you can download the Sinhala Pack for Office XP '''[http://fonts.lk/download/skoff.html here]'''. *This lets you type Sinhala documents in MS Word. You can copy and paste what you write in Wikipedia. You will need to have your XP CD handy. ::::or *If you are using a version of Windows other than XP SP2, you can use the [http://www.sinhalasp.com/keyboard_driver.htm|FutureSinhala keyboard driver] to type in Sinhala unicode. *It's a small background program that intercepts what you type and converts it to the Sinhala unicode format. *You can type in phonetics, Wijeysekara layout or Singlish (ea kiyanne mehema type karana eka) and the program will type it in Sinhala on any open window (MS Word etc). ==Still having problems== *[[Wikipedia_talk:Sinhala_Font_Guide|Inform the other users]] about the problems you're having. Sinhala Unicode is relatively new and it may take a while to have universal support. *We have found '''[http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox Mozilla Firefox 1.0.6]''' on Windows XP Service Pack 2 to deliver the best results. *If you cannot read any Sinhala letters in the main page, correct the character encoding in your browser as we have explained. *If the letters appear rough, change to Cleartype as described above. ==Why Unicode?== *And not Kaputa or Kandy or eKottu? Unicode is the international standard for non-Latin scripts. It is Wikipedia's policy to use Unicode fonts in international sister sites. This is to ensure universal usability. You cannot use non Unicode fonts to search in Wikipedia. See other sister sites such as [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil Wikipedia] and [http://hi.wikipedia.org Hindi Wikipedia] to understand it's capabilities. *Currently, Sinhala does not come built in with '''Windows XP''' unlike Tamil and Hindi. However, the beta versions of upcoming '''[http://www.microsoft.com/windowsvista/default.mspx Windows Vista]''' comes with [http://jinath.weblogs.us/archives/031334.html Sinhala support] by default. *There are also some complaints about the lack of ''pili''s in Sinhala Unicode. This is a misunderstanding due to the fact that some modifiers such as ''yansaya'' and ''repaya'' are not explicitly included in the Unicode code chart. However, these modifiers are included in the glyph tables and can be typed into documents using the appropriate combination of characters. The Sinhala keyboard layout recommended by ICTA include keys for both these modifiers. *Feel free to discuss these issues [[Wikipedia_talk:Sinhala Font Guide|here]]. =External links= *[http://www.info.lk/slword/ Kaputa Sinhahala Unicode Fonts for Windows, Linux and Mac] *[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf Malithi Unicode font] *[http://fonts.lk/download/SinhalaIE.html Sinhala plugin for Internet Explorer 6] *[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/SinhalaXP0.4.zip Sinhala Pack for Windows XP Service Pack 2] *[http://fonts.lk/download/skoff.html Sinhala Add-on for MS Office XP] *[http://www.sinhalasp.com/keyboard_driver.htm SinhalaSP key board drver] *[http://www.unicode.org Unicode organisation] *[http://groups.google.lk/group/Sinhala-Unicode?lnk=srgg&hl=si සිංහල යුනිකොඩ් සමූහය - Sinhala Unicode] [[zh-min-nan:Help:Án-chóaⁿ tha̍k]] [[bug:Wikipedia:Panginring mita lontara]] [[dv:Tāna Support]] [[dv:ކޮންޕީޓަރުން ތާނަ ލިޔެކިޔުމަށް މަގެއް]] [[fr:Aide:Unicode]] [[got:Wikipedia:Gothic Unicode Fonts]] [[hi:विकिपीडिया:Setting up your browser for Indic scripts]] [[it:Aiuto:Unicode]] [[kn:Wikipedia:Kannada Support]] [[ml:വിക്കിപീടിയ:സ്വാഗതം, നവാഗതരെ]] [[mr:विकिपीडिआ साहाय्य:Setup For Devanagari]] [[my:Wikipedia:Font]] [[ta:விக்கிபீடியா:Font help]] [[te:వికిపీడియా:Setting up your browser for Indic scripts]] [[vi:Wikipedia:Dung Unicode]] [[ur:امدادی ہدایات برائےاردو]] 5055 2006-04-12T22:08:11Z දුමිඳු 76 added: tips on writing in sinhala =Sinhala Font Guide= ==How to read Sinhala== This site uses '''Sinhala Unicode''' fonts. To see them displayed correctly, follow the steps below. We recommend that you use '''[http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox Mozilla Firefox 1.0.7]'''instead of '''Internet Explorer''' or '''Opera''', which seem to have some rendering issues. *If you have '''Microsoft Internet Explorer 6''' or a later version running on '''Windows''', simply install the [http://fonts.lk/download/SinhalaIE.html Sinhala Pack] and restart your computer. *Right click on your '''Desktop''', choose '''Properties''', go to '''Advanced/Appearance''' tab, click on '''Effects''' and choose '''Cleartype''' as the ''method to smooth edges of screen fonts''. *Change '''Character Encoding''' to '''UTF-8''' Unicode in your browser ('''VIEW-->ENCODING''' in most browsers). *Go to '''Tools'''--> '''Options''', click on '''Fonts''', choose '''Malithi Web''' as the default font. ::::or *If you use a '''Mozila Firefox, Opera, Netscape''' or an older version of '''Internet Explorer''', please download the '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf Malithi Web]''' Sinhala Unicode font by clicking '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf here]'''. *Install it in your computer. For Windows, simply copy the font to your ''Windows\Fonts'' folder. Refer to system documentation for other operating systems. *Restart your computer. *In Windows, right click on your '''Desktop''', choose '''Properties''', go to '''Advanced''' tab, click on '''Effects''' and choose '''Cleartype''' as the ''method to smooth edges of screen fonts''. *Change '''Character Encoding''' to '''UTF-8''' Unicode in your browser ('''VIEW-->ENCODING''' in most browsers). *Go to '''Tools'''--> '''Options''', (--> '''Content''' in Firefox 1.5) click on '''Fonts''', choose '''Malithi Web''' as the default font. ==How to write Sinhala== *After following the above steps, you can use the '''Windows character map''' program to type in Sinhala. Remember to choose ''[http://www.kpauta.com Kaputa.Com]'' or ''Malithi'' or other Sinhala Unicode font you have installed, when you do this. ::::or *If you have '''[http://www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/sp2/default.mspx Windows XP Service Pack 2]''', install the Sinhala Enabling Pack for XP by clicking '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/SinhalaXP0.4.zip here]'''. *This has been developed by Microsoft and endorsed by the Sri Lankan government. *Read the instructions before you install it. *It lets you toggle seamlessly between typing English and Sinhala using the language button on the task bar. This is, by far, the best solution. It uses the standard ''Wijesekera'' layout. *You can type in Unicode just as easily as you do with any other Sinhala or English font. ::::or *If you don't have Windows XP SP2 but have an older version of Windows and Microsoft '''Office XP''', you can download the Sinhala Pack for Office XP '''[http://fonts.lk/download/skoff.html here]'''. *This lets you type Sinhala documents in MS Word. You can copy and paste what you write in Wikipedia. You will need to have your XP CD handy. ::::or *If you are using a version of Windows other than XP SP2, you can use the [http://www.sinhalasp.com/keyboard_driver.htm|FutureSinhala keyboard driver] to type in Sinhala unicode. *It's a small background program that intercepts what you type and converts it to the Sinhala unicode format. *You can type in phonetics, Wijeysekara layout or Singlish (ea kiyanne mehema type karana eka) and the program will type it in Sinhala on any open window (MS Word etc). ==Still having problems== *[[Wikipedia_talk:Sinhala_Font_Guide|Inform the other users]] about the problems you're having. Sinhala Unicode is relatively new and it may take a while to have universal support. *We have found '''[http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox Mozilla Firefox 1.0.6]''' on Windows XP Service Pack 2 to deliver the best results. *If you cannot read any Sinhala letters in the main page, correct the character encoding in your browser as we have explained. *If the letters appear rough, change to Cleartype as described above. ==Why Unicode?== *And not Kaputa or Kandy or eKottu? Unicode is the international standard for non-Latin scripts. It is Wikipedia's policy to use Unicode fonts in international sister sites. This is to ensure universal usability. You cannot use non Unicode fonts to search in Wikipedia. See other sister sites such as [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil Wikipedia] and [http://hi.wikipedia.org Hindi Wikipedia] to understand it's capabilities. *Currently, Sinhala does not come built in with '''Windows XP''' unlike Tamil and Hindi. However, the beta versions of upcoming '''[http://www.microsoft.com/windowsvista/default.mspx Windows Vista]''' comes with [http://jinath.weblogs.us/archives/031334.html Sinhala support] by default. *There are also some complaints about the lack of ''pili''s in Sinhala Unicode. This is a misunderstanding due to the fact that some modifiers such as ''yansaya'' and ''repaya'' are not explicitly included in the Unicode code chart. However, these modifiers are included in the glyph tables and can be typed into documents using the appropriate combination of characters. The Sinhala keyboard layout recommended by ICTA include keys for both these modifiers. *Feel free to discuss these issues [[Wikipedia_talk:Sinhala Font Guide|here]]. ==Tips on Writing in Sinhala== Following tips were formulated by looking at most common errors that has been done in writing using unicode sinhala. Please try to avoid the errors far as possible using the following tips. Feel free to add more teips on avoiding error as you find them (some of these are due to the lack of support for sinhala typing at the moment.) * kombuwa (ෙ) should come after the consonent : for example if you want to write gedara (ගෙදර), you should write it as ga + kombuwa + da + ra but '''not''' as kombuwa + ga + da + ra. * kombuwa haa aela pilla (ො) is a single composite modifier : for example if you want to write kolamba (), you should write it as ka + kombuwa ha aela pilla + la + mba but '''not''' as kombuwa + ka + aela pilla + la + mba. * in the same lines all the modifiers ේ, ෛ, ො, ෝ, ෞ has their own single composites. * rakaranshaya (්‍ර) is written as : hal kereema + zero width joiner(zwj) + ra :eg: prauda (ප්‍රෞඪ) is written as: pa + hal kereema + zwj + ra + kombuwa haa gayanukitta + ddha * yansaya (්‍ය) is written as : hal kereema + zwj + ya :eg: udyouga (උද්‍යෝග) is written as: u + da + hal kereema + zwj + ya + kombuwa haa diga aela pilla + ga * How to write binduwa? =External links= *[http://www.info.lk/slword/ Kaputa Sinhahala Unicode Fonts for Windows, Linux and Mac] *[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf Malithi Unicode font] *[http://fonts.lk/download/SinhalaIE.html Sinhala plugin for Internet Explorer 6] *[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/SinhalaXP0.4.zip Sinhala Pack for Windows XP Service Pack 2] *[http://fonts.lk/download/skoff.html Sinhala Add-on for MS Office XP] *[http://www.sinhalasp.com/keyboard_driver.htm SinhalaSP key board drver] *[http://www.unicode.org Unicode organisation] *[http://groups.google.lk/group/Sinhala-Unicode?lnk=srgg&hl=si සිංහල යුනිකොඩ් සමූහය - Sinhala Unicode] [[zh-min-nan:Help:Án-chóaⁿ tha̍k]] [[bug:Wikipedia:Panginring mita lontara]] [[dv:Tāna Support]] [[dv:ކޮންޕީޓަރުން ތާނަ ލިޔެކިޔުމަށް މަގެއް]] [[fr:Aide:Unicode]] [[got:Wikipedia:Gothic Unicode Fonts]] [[hi:विकिपीडिया:Setting up your browser for Indic scripts]] [[it:Aiuto:Unicode]] [[kn:Wikipedia:Kannada Support]] [[ml:വിക്കിപീടിയ:സ്വാഗതം, നവാഗതരെ]] [[mr:विकिपीडिआ साहाय्य:Setup For Devanagari]] [[my:Wikipedia:Font]] [[ta:விக்கிபீடியா:Font help]] [[te:వికిపీడియా:Setting up your browser for Indic scripts]] [[vi:Wikipedia:Dung Unicode]] [[ur:امدادی ہدایات برائےاردو]] 5056 2006-04-12T22:12:52Z දුමිඳු 76 =Sinhala Font Guide= ==How to read Sinhala== This site uses '''Sinhala Unicode''' fonts. To see them displayed correctly, follow the steps below. We recommend that you use '''[http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox Mozilla Firefox 1.0.7]'''instead of '''Internet Explorer''' or '''Opera''', which seem to have some rendering issues. *If you have '''Microsoft Internet Explorer 6''' or a later version running on '''Windows''', simply install the [http://fonts.lk/download/SinhalaIE.html Sinhala Pack] and restart your computer. *Right click on your '''Desktop''', choose '''Properties''', go to '''Advanced/Appearance''' tab, click on '''Effects''' and choose '''Cleartype''' as the ''method to smooth edges of screen fonts''. *Change '''Character Encoding''' to '''UTF-8''' Unicode in your browser ('''VIEW-->ENCODING''' in most browsers). *Go to '''Tools'''--> '''Options''', click on '''Fonts''', choose '''Malithi Web''' as the default font. ::::or *If you use a '''Mozila Firefox, Opera, Netscape''' or an older version of '''Internet Explorer''', please download the '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf Malithi Web]''' Sinhala Unicode font by clicking '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf here]'''. *Install it in your computer. For Windows, simply copy the font to your ''Windows\Fonts'' folder. Refer to system documentation for other operating systems. *Restart your computer. *In Windows, right click on your '''Desktop''', choose '''Properties''', go to '''Advanced''' tab, click on '''Effects''' and choose '''Cleartype''' as the ''method to smooth edges of screen fonts''. *Change '''Character Encoding''' to '''UTF-8''' Unicode in your browser ('''VIEW-->ENCODING''' in most browsers). *Go to '''Tools'''--> '''Options''', (--> '''Content''' in Firefox 1.5) click on '''Fonts''', choose '''Malithi Web''' as the default font. ==How to write Sinhala== *After following the above steps, you can use the '''Windows character map''' program to type in Sinhala. Remember to choose ''[http://www.kpauta.com Kaputa.Com]'' or ''Malithi'' or other Sinhala Unicode font you have installed, when you do this. ::::or *If you have '''[http://www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/sp2/default.mspx Windows XP Service Pack 2]''', install the Sinhala Enabling Pack for XP by clicking '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/SinhalaXP0.4.zip here]'''. *This has been developed by Microsoft and endorsed by the Sri Lankan government. *Read the instructions before you install it. *It lets you toggle seamlessly between typing English and Sinhala using the language button on the task bar. This is, by far, the best solution. It uses the standard ''Wijesekera'' layout. *You can type in Unicode just as easily as you do with any other Sinhala or English font. ::::or *If you don't have Windows XP SP2 but have an older version of Windows and Microsoft '''Office XP''', you can download the Sinhala Pack for Office XP '''[http://fonts.lk/download/skoff.html here]'''. *This lets you type Sinhala documents in MS Word. You can copy and paste what you write in Wikipedia. You will need to have your XP CD handy. ::::or *If you are using a version of Windows other than XP SP2, you can use the [http://www.sinhalasp.com/keyboard_driver.htm|FutureSinhala keyboard driver] to type in Sinhala unicode. *It's a small background program that intercepts what you type and converts it to the Sinhala unicode format. *You can type in phonetics, Wijeysekara layout or Singlish (ea kiyanne mehema type karana eka) and the program will type it in Sinhala on any open window (MS Word etc). ==Still having problems== *[[Wikipedia_talk:Sinhala_Font_Guide|Inform the other users]] about the problems you're having. Sinhala Unicode is relatively new and it may take a while to have universal support. *We have found '''[http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox Mozilla Firefox 1.0.6]''' on Windows XP Service Pack 2 to deliver the best results. *If you cannot read any Sinhala letters in the main page, correct the character encoding in your browser as we have explained. *If the letters appear rough, change to Cleartype as described above. ==Why Unicode?== *And not Kaputa or Kandy or eKottu? Unicode is the international standard for non-Latin scripts. It is Wikipedia's policy to use Unicode fonts in international sister sites. This is to ensure universal usability. You cannot use non Unicode fonts to search in Wikipedia. See other sister sites such as [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil Wikipedia] and [http://hi.wikipedia.org Hindi Wikipedia] to understand it's capabilities. *Currently, Sinhala does not come built in with '''Windows XP''' unlike Tamil and Hindi. However, the beta versions of upcoming '''[http://www.microsoft.com/windowsvista/default.mspx Windows Vista]''' comes with [http://jinath.weblogs.us/archives/031334.html Sinhala support] by default. *There are also some complaints about the lack of ''pili''s in Sinhala Unicode. This is a misunderstanding due to the fact that some modifiers such as ''yansaya'' and ''repaya'' are not explicitly included in the Unicode code chart. However, these modifiers are included in the glyph tables and can be typed into documents using the appropriate combination of characters. The Sinhala keyboard layout recommended by ICTA include keys for both these modifiers. *Feel free to discuss these issues [[Wikipedia_talk:Sinhala Font Guide|here]]. ==Tips on Writing in Sinhala== Following tips were formulated by looking at most common errors that has been done in writing using unicode sinhala. Please try to avoid the errors far as possible using the following tips. Feel free to add more teips on avoiding error as you find them (some of these are due to the lack of support for sinhala typing at the moment.) * kombuwa (ෙ) should come after the consonent. :eg: gedara (ගෙදර) is written as: ga + kombuwa + da + ra but '''not''' as kombuwa + ga + da + ra. * kombuwa haa aela pilla (ො) is a single composite modifier. :eg: kolamba (කොළඹ) is writen as: ka + kombuwa ha aela pilla + la + mba but '''not''' as kombuwa + ka + aela pilla + la + mba. * in the same lines all the modifiers ේ, ෛ, ො, ෝ, ෞ has their own single composites. * rakaranshaya (්‍ර) is written as : hal kereema + zero width joiner(zwj) + ra :eg: prauda (ප්‍රෞඪ) is written as: pa + hal kereema + zwj + ra + kombuwa haa gayanukitta + ddha * yansaya (්‍ය) is written as : hal kereema + zwj + ya :eg: udyoga (උද්‍යෝග) is written as: u + da + hal kereema + zwj + ya + kombuwa haa diga aela pilla + ga * How to write binduwa? =External links= *[http://www.info.lk/slword/ Kaputa Sinhahala Unicode Fonts for Windows, Linux and Mac] *[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf Malithi Unicode font] *[http://fonts.lk/download/SinhalaIE.html Sinhala plugin for Internet Explorer 6] *[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/SinhalaXP0.4.zip Sinhala Pack for Windows XP Service Pack 2] *[http://fonts.lk/download/skoff.html Sinhala Add-on for MS Office XP] *[http://www.sinhalasp.com/keyboard_driver.htm SinhalaSP key board drver] *[http://www.unicode.org Unicode organisation] *[http://groups.google.lk/group/Sinhala-Unicode?lnk=srgg&hl=si සිංහල යුනිකොඩ් සමූහය - Sinhala Unicode] [[zh-min-nan:Help:Án-chóaⁿ tha̍k]] [[bug:Wikipedia:Panginring mita lontara]] [[dv:Tāna Support]] [[dv:ކޮންޕީޓަރުން ތާނަ ލިޔެކިޔުމަށް މަގެއް]] [[fr:Aide:Unicode]] [[got:Wikipedia:Gothic Unicode Fonts]] [[hi:विकिपीडिया:Setting up your browser for Indic scripts]] [[it:Aiuto:Unicode]] [[kn:Wikipedia:Kannada Support]] [[ml:വിക്കിപീടിയ:സ്വാഗതം, നവാഗതരെ]] [[mr:विकिपीडिआ साहाय्य:Setup For Devanagari]] [[my:Wikipedia:Font]] [[ta:விக்கிபீடியா:Font help]] [[te:వికిపీడియా:Setting up your browser for Indic scripts]] [[vi:Wikipedia:Dung Unicode]] [[ur:امدادی ہدایات برائےاردو]] 5057 2006-04-12T22:14:01Z දුමිඳු 76 /* Tips on Writing in Sinhala */ =Sinhala Font Guide= ==How to read Sinhala== This site uses '''Sinhala Unicode''' fonts. To see them displayed correctly, follow the steps below. We recommend that you use '''[http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox Mozilla Firefox 1.0.7]'''instead of '''Internet Explorer''' or '''Opera''', which seem to have some rendering issues. *If you have '''Microsoft Internet Explorer 6''' or a later version running on '''Windows''', simply install the [http://fonts.lk/download/SinhalaIE.html Sinhala Pack] and restart your computer. *Right click on your '''Desktop''', choose '''Properties''', go to '''Advanced/Appearance''' tab, click on '''Effects''' and choose '''Cleartype''' as the ''method to smooth edges of screen fonts''. *Change '''Character Encoding''' to '''UTF-8''' Unicode in your browser ('''VIEW-->ENCODING''' in most browsers). *Go to '''Tools'''--> '''Options''', click on '''Fonts''', choose '''Malithi Web''' as the default font. ::::or *If you use a '''Mozila Firefox, Opera, Netscape''' or an older version of '''Internet Explorer''', please download the '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf Malithi Web]''' Sinhala Unicode font by clicking '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf here]'''. *Install it in your computer. For Windows, simply copy the font to your ''Windows\Fonts'' folder. Refer to system documentation for other operating systems. *Restart your computer. *In Windows, right click on your '''Desktop''', choose '''Properties''', go to '''Advanced''' tab, click on '''Effects''' and choose '''Cleartype''' as the ''method to smooth edges of screen fonts''. *Change '''Character Encoding''' to '''UTF-8''' Unicode in your browser ('''VIEW-->ENCODING''' in most browsers). *Go to '''Tools'''--> '''Options''', (--> '''Content''' in Firefox 1.5) click on '''Fonts''', choose '''Malithi Web''' as the default font. ==How to write Sinhala== *After following the above steps, you can use the '''Windows character map''' program to type in Sinhala. Remember to choose ''[http://www.kpauta.com Kaputa.Com]'' or ''Malithi'' or other Sinhala Unicode font you have installed, when you do this. ::::or *If you have '''[http://www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/sp2/default.mspx Windows XP Service Pack 2]''', install the Sinhala Enabling Pack for XP by clicking '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/SinhalaXP0.4.zip here]'''. *This has been developed by Microsoft and endorsed by the Sri Lankan government. *Read the instructions before you install it. *It lets you toggle seamlessly between typing English and Sinhala using the language button on the task bar. This is, by far, the best solution. It uses the standard ''Wijesekera'' layout. *You can type in Unicode just as easily as you do with any other Sinhala or English font. ::::or *If you don't have Windows XP SP2 but have an older version of Windows and Microsoft '''Office XP''', you can download the Sinhala Pack for Office XP '''[http://fonts.lk/download/skoff.html here]'''. *This lets you type Sinhala documents in MS Word. You can copy and paste what you write in Wikipedia. You will need to have your XP CD handy. ::::or *If you are using a version of Windows other than XP SP2, you can use the [http://www.sinhalasp.com/keyboard_driver.htm|FutureSinhala keyboard driver] to type in Sinhala unicode. *It's a small background program that intercepts what you type and converts it to the Sinhala unicode format. *You can type in phonetics, Wijeysekara layout or Singlish (ea kiyanne mehema type karana eka) and the program will type it in Sinhala on any open window (MS Word etc). ==Still having problems== *[[Wikipedia_talk:Sinhala_Font_Guide|Inform the other users]] about the problems you're having. Sinhala Unicode is relatively new and it may take a while to have universal support. *We have found '''[http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox Mozilla Firefox 1.0.6]''' on Windows XP Service Pack 2 to deliver the best results. *If you cannot read any Sinhala letters in the main page, correct the character encoding in your browser as we have explained. *If the letters appear rough, change to Cleartype as described above. ==Why Unicode?== *And not Kaputa or Kandy or eKottu? Unicode is the international standard for non-Latin scripts. It is Wikipedia's policy to use Unicode fonts in international sister sites. This is to ensure universal usability. You cannot use non Unicode fonts to search in Wikipedia. See other sister sites such as [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil Wikipedia] and [http://hi.wikipedia.org Hindi Wikipedia] to understand it's capabilities. *Currently, Sinhala does not come built in with '''Windows XP''' unlike Tamil and Hindi. However, the beta versions of upcoming '''[http://www.microsoft.com/windowsvista/default.mspx Windows Vista]''' comes with [http://jinath.weblogs.us/archives/031334.html Sinhala support] by default. *There are also some complaints about the lack of ''pili''s in Sinhala Unicode. This is a misunderstanding due to the fact that some modifiers such as ''yansaya'' and ''repaya'' are not explicitly included in the Unicode code chart. However, these modifiers are included in the glyph tables and can be typed into documents using the appropriate combination of characters. The Sinhala keyboard layout recommended by ICTA include keys for both these modifiers. *Feel free to discuss these issues [[Wikipedia_talk:Sinhala Font Guide|here]]. ==Tips on Writing in Sinhala== Following tips were formulated by looking at most common errors that has been done in writing using unicode sinhala. Please try to avoid the errors far as possible using the following tips. Feel free to add more tips on avoiding error as you find them (some of these are due to the lack of support for sinhala typing at the moment.) * kombuwa (ෙ) should come after the consonent. :eg: gedara (ගෙදර) is written as: ga + kombuwa + da + ra but '''not''' as kombuwa + ga + da + ra. * kombuwa haa aela pilla (ො) is a single composite modifier. :eg: kolamba (කොළඹ) is writen as: ka + kombuwa ha aela pilla + la + mba but '''not''' as kombuwa + ka + aela pilla + la + mba. * in the same lines all the modifiers ේ, ෛ, ො, ෝ, ෞ has their own single composites. * rakaranshaya (්‍ර) is written as: hal kereema + zero width joiner(zwj) + ra :eg: prauda (ප්‍රෞඪ) is written as: pa + hal kereema + zwj + ra + kombuwa haa gayanukitta + ddha * yansaya (්‍ය) is written as: hal kereema + zwj + ya :eg: udyoga (උද්‍යෝග) is written as: u + da + hal kereema + zwj + ya + kombuwa haa diga aela pilla + ga * How to write binduwa? =External links= *[http://www.info.lk/slword/ Kaputa Sinhahala Unicode Fonts for Windows, Linux and Mac] *[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf Malithi Unicode font] *[http://fonts.lk/download/SinhalaIE.html Sinhala plugin for Internet Explorer 6] *[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/SinhalaXP0.4.zip Sinhala Pack for Windows XP Service Pack 2] *[http://fonts.lk/download/skoff.html Sinhala Add-on for MS Office XP] *[http://www.sinhalasp.com/keyboard_driver.htm SinhalaSP key board drver] *[http://www.unicode.org Unicode organisation] *[http://groups.google.lk/group/Sinhala-Unicode?lnk=srgg&hl=si සිංහල යුනිකොඩ් සමූහය - Sinhala Unicode] [[zh-min-nan:Help:Án-chóaⁿ tha̍k]] [[bug:Wikipedia:Panginring mita lontara]] [[dv:Tāna Support]] [[dv:ކޮންޕީޓަރުން ތާނަ ލިޔެކިޔުމަށް މަގެއް]] [[fr:Aide:Unicode]] [[got:Wikipedia:Gothic Unicode Fonts]] [[hi:विकिपीडिया:Setting up your browser for Indic scripts]] [[it:Aiuto:Unicode]] [[kn:Wikipedia:Kannada Support]] [[ml:വിക്കിപീടിയ:സ്വാഗതം, നവാഗതരെ]] [[mr:विकिपीडिआ साहाय्य:Setup For Devanagari]] [[my:Wikipedia:Font]] [[ta:விக்கிபீடியா:Font help]] [[te:వికిపీడియా:Setting up your browser for Indic scripts]] [[vi:Wikipedia:Dung Unicode]] [[ur:امدادی ہدایات برائےاردو]] 5291 2006-04-29T10:30:58Z 136.187.113.225 =Sinhala Font Guide= ==How to read Sinhala== This site uses '''Sinhala Unicode''' fonts. To see them displayed correctly, follow the steps below. We recommend that you use '''[http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox Mozilla Firefox 1.0.7]'''instead of '''Internet Explorer''' or '''Opera''', which seem to have some rendering issues. *If you have '''Microsoft Internet Explorer 6''' or a later version running on '''Windows''', simply install the [http://fonts.lk/download/SinhalaIE.html Sinhala Pack] and restart your computer. *Right click on your '''Desktop''', choose '''Properties''', go to '''Advanced/Appearance''' tab, click on '''Effects''' and choose '''Cleartype''' as the ''method to smooth edges of screen fonts''. *Change '''Character Encoding''' to '''UTF-8''' Unicode in your browser ('''VIEW-->ENCODING''' in most browsers). *Go to '''Tools'''--> '''Options''', click on '''Fonts''', choose '''Malithi Web''' as the default font. ::::or *If you use a '''Mozila Firefox, Opera, Netscape''' or an older version of '''Internet Explorer''', please download the '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf Malithi Web]''' Sinhala Unicode font by clicking '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf here]'''. *Install it in your computer. For Windows, simply copy the font to your ''Windows\Fonts'' folder. Refer to system documentation for other operating systems. *Restart your computer. *In Windows, right click on your '''Desktop''', choose '''Properties''', go to '''Advanced''' tab, click on '''Effects''' and choose '''Cleartype''' as the ''method to smooth edges of screen fonts''. *Change '''Character Encoding''' to '''UTF-8''' Unicode in your browser ('''VIEW-->ENCODING''' in most browsers). *Go to '''Tools'''--> '''Options''', (--> '''Content''' in Firefox 1.5) click on '''Fonts''', choose '''Malithi Web''' as the default font. ==How to write Sinhala== *After following the above steps, you can use the '''Windows character map''' program to type in Sinhala. Remember to choose ''[http://www.kputa.com Kaputa.Com]'' or ''Malithi'' or other Sinhala Unicode font you have installed, when you do this. ::::or *If you have '''[http://www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/sp2/default.mspx Windows XP Service Pack 2]''', install the Sinhala Enabling Pack for XP by clicking '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/SinhalaXP0.4.zip here]'''. *This has been developed by Microsoft and endorsed by the Sri Lankan government. *Read the instructions before you install it. *It lets you toggle seamlessly between typing English and Sinhala using the language button on the task bar. This is, by far, the best solution. It uses the standard ''Wijesekera'' layout. *You can type in Unicode just as easily as you do with any other Sinhala or English font. ::::or *If you don't have Windows XP SP2 but have an older version of Windows and Microsoft '''Office XP''', you can download the Sinhala Pack for Office XP '''[http://fonts.lk/download/skoff.html here]'''. *This lets you type Sinhala documents in MS Word. You can copy and paste what you write in Wikipedia. You will need to have your XP CD handy. ::::or *If you are using a version of Windows other than XP SP2, you can use the [http://www.sinhalasp.com/keyboard_driver.htm|FutureSinhala keyboard driver] to type in Sinhala unicode. *It's a small background program that intercepts what you type and converts it to the Sinhala unicode format. *You can type in phonetics, Wijeysekara layout or Singlish (ea kiyanne mehema type karana eka) and the program will type it in Sinhala on any open window (MS Word etc). ==Still having problems== *[[Wikipedia_talk:Sinhala_Font_Guide|Inform the other users]] about the problems you're having. Sinhala Unicode is relatively new and it may take a while to have universal support. *We have found '''[http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox Mozilla Firefox 1.0.6]''' on Windows XP Service Pack 2 to deliver the best results. *If you cannot read any Sinhala letters in the main page, correct the character encoding in your browser as we have explained. *If the letters appear rough, change to Cleartype as described above. ==Why Unicode?== *And not Kaputa or Kandy or eKottu? Unicode is the international standard for non-Latin scripts. It is Wikipedia's policy to use Unicode fonts in international sister sites. This is to ensure universal usability. You cannot use non Unicode fonts to search in Wikipedia. See other sister sites such as [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil Wikipedia] and [http://hi.wikipedia.org Hindi Wikipedia] to understand it's capabilities. *Currently, Sinhala does not come built in with '''Windows XP''' unlike Tamil and Hindi. However, the beta versions of upcoming '''[http://www.microsoft.com/windowsvista/default.mspx Windows Vista]''' comes with [http://jinath.weblogs.us/archives/031334.html Sinhala support] by default. *There are also some complaints about the lack of ''pili''s in Sinhala Unicode. This is a misunderstanding due to the fact that some modifiers such as ''yansaya'' and ''repaya'' are not explicitly included in the Unicode code chart. However, these modifiers are included in the glyph tables and can be typed into documents using the appropriate combination of characters. The Sinhala keyboard layout recommended by ICTA include keys for both these modifiers. *Feel free to discuss these issues [[Wikipedia_talk:Sinhala Font Guide|here]]. ==Tips on Writing in Sinhala== Following tips were formulated by looking at most common errors that has been done in writing using unicode sinhala. Please try to avoid the errors far as possible using the following tips. Feel free to add more tips on avoiding error as you find them (some of these are due to the lack of support for sinhala typing at the moment.) * kombuwa (ෙ) should come after the consonent. :eg: gedara (ගෙදර) is written as: ga + kombuwa + da + ra but '''not''' as kombuwa + ga + da + ra. * kombuwa haa aela pilla (ො) is a single composite modifier. :eg: kolamba (කොළඹ) is writen as: ka + kombuwa ha aela pilla + la + mba but '''not''' as kombuwa + ka + aela pilla + la + mba. * in the same lines all the modifiers ේ, ෛ, ො, ෝ, ෞ has their own single composites. * rakaranshaya (්‍ර) is written as: hal kereema + zero width joiner(zwj) + ra :eg: prauda (ප්‍රෞඪ) is written as: pa + hal kereema + zwj + ra + kombuwa haa gayanukitta + ddha * yansaya (්‍ය) is written as: hal kereema + zwj + ya :eg: udyoga (උද්‍යෝග) is written as: u + da + hal kereema + zwj + ya + kombuwa haa diga aela pilla + ga * How to write binduwa? =External links= *[http://www.info.lk/slword/ Kaputa Sinhahala Unicode Fonts for Windows, Linux and Mac] *[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf Malithi Unicode font] *[http://fonts.lk/download/SinhalaIE.html Sinhala plugin for Internet Explorer 6] *[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/SinhalaXP0.4.zip Sinhala Pack for Windows XP Service Pack 2] *[http://fonts.lk/download/skoff.html Sinhala Add-on for MS Office XP] *[http://www.sinhalasp.com/keyboard_driver.htm SinhalaSP key board drver] *[http://www.unicode.org Unicode organisation] *[http://groups.google.lk/group/Sinhala-Unicode?lnk=srgg&hl=si සිංහල යුනිකොඩ් සමූහය - Sinhala Unicode] [[zh-min-nan:Help:Án-chóaⁿ tha̍k]] [[bug:Wikipedia:Panginring mita lontara]] [[dv:Tāna Support]] [[dv:ކޮންޕީޓަރުން ތާނަ ލިޔެކިޔުމަށް މަގެއް]] [[fr:Aide:Unicode]] [[got:Wikipedia:Gothic Unicode Fonts]] [[hi:विकिपीडिया:Setting up your browser for Indic scripts]] [[it:Aiuto:Unicode]] [[kn:Wikipedia:Kannada Support]] [[ml:വിക്കിപീടിയ:സ്വാഗതം, നവാഗതരെ]] [[mr:विकिपीडिआ साहाय्य:Setup For Devanagari]] [[my:Wikipedia:Font]] [[ta:விக்கிபீடியா:Font help]] [[te:వికిపీడియా:Setting up your browser for Indic scripts]] [[vi:Wikipedia:Dung Unicode]] [[ur:امدادی ہدایات برائےاردو]] 5292 2006-04-29T10:33:59Z 136.187.113.225 =Sinhala Font Guide= ==How to read Sinhala== This site uses '''Sinhala Unicode''' fonts. To see them displayed correctly, follow the steps below. We recommend that you use '''[http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox Mozilla Firefox 1.0.7]'''instead of '''Internet Explorer''' or '''Opera''', which seem to have some rendering issues. *If you have '''Microsoft Internet Explorer 6''' or a later version running on '''Windows''', simply install the [http://fonts.lk/download/SinhalaIE.html Sinhala Pack] and restart your computer. *Right click on your '''Desktop''', choose '''Properties''', go to '''Advanced/Appearance''' tab, click on '''Effects''' and choose '''Cleartype''' as the ''method to smooth edges of screen fonts''. *Change '''Character Encoding''' to '''UTF-8''' Unicode in your browser ('''VIEW-->ENCODING''' in most browsers). *Go to '''Tools'''--> '''Options''', click on '''Fonts''', choose '''Malithi Web''' as the default font. ::::or *If you use a '''Mozila Firefox, Opera, Netscape''' or an older version of '''Internet Explorer''', please download the '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf Malithi Web]''' Sinhala Unicode font by clicking '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf here]'''. *Install it in your computer. For Windows, simply copy the font to your ''Windows\Fonts'' folder. Refer to system documentation for other operating systems. *Restart your computer. *In Windows, right click on your '''Desktop''', choose '''Properties''', go to '''Advanced''' tab, click on '''Effects''' and choose '''Cleartype''' as the ''method to smooth edges of screen fonts''. *Change '''Character Encoding''' to '''UTF-8''' Unicode in your browser ('''VIEW-->ENCODING''' in most browsers). *Go to '''Tools'''--> '''Options''', (--> '''Content''' in Firefox 1.5) click on '''Fonts''', choose '''Malithi Web''' as the default font. ==How to write Sinhala== *After following the above steps, you can use the '''Windows character map''' program to type in Sinhala. Remember to choose ''[http://www.kaputa.com Kaputa.Com]'' or ''Malithi'' or other Sinhala Unicode font you have installed, when you do this. ::::or *If you have '''[http://www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/sp2/default.mspx Windows XP Service Pack 2]''', install the Sinhala Enabling Pack for XP by clicking '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/SinhalaXP0.4.zip here]'''. *This has been developed by Microsoft and endorsed by the Sri Lankan government. *Read the instructions before you install it. *It lets you toggle seamlessly between typing English and Sinhala using the language button on the task bar. This is, by far, the best solution. It uses the standard ''Wijesekera'' layout. *You can type in Unicode just as easily as you do with any other Sinhala or English font. ::::or *If you don't have Windows XP SP2 but have an older version of Windows and Microsoft '''Office XP''', you can download the Sinhala Pack for Office XP '''[http://fonts.lk/download/skoff.html here]'''. *This lets you type Sinhala documents in MS Word. You can copy and paste what you write in Wikipedia. You will need to have your XP CD handy. ::::or *If you are using a version of Windows other than XP SP2, you can use the [http://www.sinhalasp.com/keyboard_driver.htm|FutureSinhala keyboard driver] to type in Sinhala unicode. *It's a small background program that intercepts what you type and converts it to the Sinhala unicode format. *You can type in phonetics, Wijeysekara layout or Singlish (ea kiyanne mehema type karana eka) and the program will type it in Sinhala on any open window (MS Word etc). ==Still having problems== *[[Wikipedia_talk:Sinhala_Font_Guide|Inform the other users]] about the problems you're having. Sinhala Unicode is relatively new and it may take a while to have universal support. *We have found '''[http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox Mozilla Firefox 1.0.6]''' on Windows XP Service Pack 2 to deliver the best results. *If you cannot read any Sinhala letters in the main page, correct the character encoding in your browser as we have explained. *If the letters appear rough, change to Cleartype as described above. ==Why Unicode?== *And not Kaputa or Kandy or eKottu? Unicode is the international standard for non-Latin scripts. It is Wikipedia's policy to use Unicode fonts in international sister sites. This is to ensure universal usability. You cannot use non Unicode fonts to search in Wikipedia. See other sister sites such as [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil Wikipedia] and [http://hi.wikipedia.org Hindi Wikipedia] to understand it's capabilities. *Currently, Sinhala does not come built in with '''Windows XP''' unlike Tamil and Hindi. However, the beta versions of upcoming '''[http://www.microsoft.com/windowsvista/default.mspx Windows Vista]''' comes with [http://jinath.weblogs.us/archives/031334.html Sinhala support] by default. *There are also some complaints about the lack of ''pili''s in Sinhala Unicode. This is a misunderstanding due to the fact that some modifiers such as ''yansaya'' and ''repaya'' are not explicitly included in the Unicode code chart. However, these modifiers are included in the glyph tables and can be typed into documents using the appropriate combination of characters. The Sinhala keyboard layout recommended by ICTA include keys for both these modifiers. *Feel free to discuss these issues [[Wikipedia_talk:Sinhala Font Guide|here]]. ==Tips on Writing in Sinhala== Following tips were formulated by looking at most common errors that has been done in writing using unicode sinhala. Please try to avoid the errors far as possible using the following tips. Feel free to add more tips on avoiding error as you find them (some of these are due to the lack of support for sinhala typing at the moment.) * kombuwa (ෙ) should come after the consonent. :eg: gedara (ගෙදර) is written as: ga + kombuwa + da + ra but '''not''' as kombuwa + ga + da + ra. * kombuwa haa aela pilla (ො) is a single composite modifier. :eg: kolamba (කොළඹ) is writen as: ka + kombuwa ha aela pilla + la + mba but '''not''' as kombuwa + ka + aela pilla + la + mba. * in the same lines all the modifiers ේ, ෛ, ො, ෝ, ෞ has their own single composites. * rakaranshaya (්‍ර) is written as: hal kereema + zero width joiner(zwj) + ra :eg: prauda (ප්‍රෞඪ) is written as: pa + hal kereema + zwj + ra + kombuwa haa gayanukitta + ddha * yansaya (්‍ය) is written as: hal kereema + zwj + ya :eg: udyoga (උද්‍යෝග) is written as: u + da + hal kereema + zwj + ya + kombuwa haa diga aela pilla + ga * How to write binduwa? =External links= *[http://www.info.lk/slword/ Kaputa Sinhahala Unicode Fonts for Windows, Linux and Mac] *[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf Malithi Unicode font] *[http://fonts.lk/download/SinhalaIE.html Sinhala plugin for Internet Explorer 6] *[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/SinhalaXP0.4.zip Sinhala Pack for Windows XP Service Pack 2] *[http://fonts.lk/download/skoff.html Sinhala Add-on for MS Office XP] *[http://www.sinhalasp.com/keyboard_driver.htm SinhalaSP key board drver] *[http://www.unicode.org Unicode organisation] *[http://groups.google.lk/group/Sinhala-Unicode?lnk=srgg&hl=si සිංහල යුනිකොඩ් සමූහය - Sinhala Unicode] [[zh-min-nan:Help:Án-chóaⁿ tha̍k]] [[bug:Wikipedia:Panginring mita lontara]] [[dv:Tāna Support]] [[dv:ކޮންޕީޓަރުން ތާނަ ލިޔެކިޔުމަށް މަގެއް]] [[fr:Aide:Unicode]] [[got:Wikipedia:Gothic Unicode Fonts]] [[hi:विकिपीडिया:Setting up your browser for Indic scripts]] [[it:Aiuto:Unicode]] [[kn:Wikipedia:Kannada Support]] [[ml:വിക്കിപീടിയ:സ്വാഗതം, നവാഗതരെ]] [[mr:विकिपीडिआ साहाय्य:Setup For Devanagari]] [[my:Wikipedia:Font]] [[ta:விக்கிபீடியா:Font help]] [[te:వికిపీడియా:Setting up your browser for Indic scripts]] [[vi:Wikipedia:Dung Unicode]] [[ur:امدادی ہدایات برائےاردو]] 5317 2006-05-02T16:32:25Z R. Koot 90 +en: =Sinhala Font Guide= ==How to read Sinhala== This site uses '''Sinhala Unicode''' fonts. To see them displayed correctly, follow the steps below. We recommend that you use '''[http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox Mozilla Firefox 1.0.7]'''instead of '''Internet Explorer''' or '''Opera''', which seem to have some rendering issues. *If you have '''Microsoft Internet Explorer 6''' or a later version running on '''Windows''', simply install the [http://fonts.lk/download/SinhalaIE.html Sinhala Pack] and restart your computer. *Right click on your '''Desktop''', choose '''Properties''', go to '''Advanced/Appearance''' tab, click on '''Effects''' and choose '''Cleartype''' as the ''method to smooth edges of screen fonts''. *Change '''Character Encoding''' to '''UTF-8''' Unicode in your browser ('''VIEW-->ENCODING''' in most browsers). *Go to '''Tools'''--> '''Options''', click on '''Fonts''', choose '''Malithi Web''' as the default font. ::::or *If you use a '''Mozila Firefox, Opera, Netscape''' or an older version of '''Internet Explorer''', please download the '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf Malithi Web]''' Sinhala Unicode font by clicking '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf here]'''. *Install it in your computer. For Windows, simply copy the font to your ''Windows\Fonts'' folder. Refer to system documentation for other operating systems. *Restart your computer. *In Windows, right click on your '''Desktop''', choose '''Properties''', go to '''Advanced''' tab, click on '''Effects''' and choose '''Cleartype''' as the ''method to smooth edges of screen fonts''. *Change '''Character Encoding''' to '''UTF-8''' Unicode in your browser ('''VIEW-->ENCODING''' in most browsers). *Go to '''Tools'''--> '''Options''', (--> '''Content''' in Firefox 1.5) click on '''Fonts''', choose '''Malithi Web''' as the default font. ==How to write Sinhala== *After following the above steps, you can use the '''Windows character map''' program to type in Sinhala. Remember to choose ''[http://www.kaputa.com Kaputa.Com]'' or ''Malithi'' or other Sinhala Unicode font you have installed, when you do this. ::::or *If you have '''[http://www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/sp2/default.mspx Windows XP Service Pack 2]''', install the Sinhala Enabling Pack for XP by clicking '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/SinhalaXP0.4.zip here]'''. *This has been developed by Microsoft and endorsed by the Sri Lankan government. *Read the instructions before you install it. *It lets you toggle seamlessly between typing English and Sinhala using the language button on the task bar. This is, by far, the best solution. It uses the standard ''Wijesekera'' layout. *You can type in Unicode just as easily as you do with any other Sinhala or English font. ::::or *If you don't have Windows XP SP2 but have an older version of Windows and Microsoft '''Office XP''', you can download the Sinhala Pack for Office XP '''[http://fonts.lk/download/skoff.html here]'''. *This lets you type Sinhala documents in MS Word. You can copy and paste what you write in Wikipedia. You will need to have your XP CD handy. ::::or *If you are using a version of Windows other than XP SP2, you can use the [http://www.sinhalasp.com/keyboard_driver.htm|FutureSinhala keyboard driver] to type in Sinhala unicode. *It's a small background program that intercepts what you type and converts it to the Sinhala unicode format. *You can type in phonetics, Wijeysekara layout or Singlish (ea kiyanne mehema type karana eka) and the program will type it in Sinhala on any open window (MS Word etc). ==Still having problems== *[[Wikipedia_talk:Sinhala_Font_Guide|Inform the other users]] about the problems you're having. Sinhala Unicode is relatively new and it may take a while to have universal support. *We have found '''[http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox Mozilla Firefox 1.0.6]''' on Windows XP Service Pack 2 to deliver the best results. *If you cannot read any Sinhala letters in the main page, correct the character encoding in your browser as we have explained. *If the letters appear rough, change to Cleartype as described above. ==Why Unicode?== *And not Kaputa or Kandy or eKottu? Unicode is the international standard for non-Latin scripts. It is Wikipedia's policy to use Unicode fonts in international sister sites. This is to ensure universal usability. You cannot use non Unicode fonts to search in Wikipedia. See other sister sites such as [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil Wikipedia] and [http://hi.wikipedia.org Hindi Wikipedia] to understand it's capabilities. *Currently, Sinhala does not come built in with '''Windows XP''' unlike Tamil and Hindi. However, the beta versions of upcoming '''[http://www.microsoft.com/windowsvista/default.mspx Windows Vista]''' comes with [http://jinath.weblogs.us/archives/031334.html Sinhala support] by default. *There are also some complaints about the lack of ''pili''s in Sinhala Unicode. This is a misunderstanding due to the fact that some modifiers such as ''yansaya'' and ''repaya'' are not explicitly included in the Unicode code chart. However, these modifiers are included in the glyph tables and can be typed into documents using the appropriate combination of characters. The Sinhala keyboard layout recommended by ICTA include keys for both these modifiers. *Feel free to discuss these issues [[Wikipedia_talk:Sinhala Font Guide|here]]. ==Tips on Writing in Sinhala== Following tips were formulated by looking at most common errors that has been done in writing using unicode sinhala. Please try to avoid the errors far as possible using the following tips. Feel free to add more tips on avoiding error as you find them (some of these are due to the lack of support for sinhala typing at the moment.) * kombuwa (ෙ) should come after the consonent. :eg: gedara (ගෙදර) is written as: ga + kombuwa + da + ra but '''not''' as kombuwa + ga + da + ra. * kombuwa haa aela pilla (ො) is a single composite modifier. :eg: kolamba (කොළඹ) is writen as: ka + kombuwa ha aela pilla + la + mba but '''not''' as kombuwa + ka + aela pilla + la + mba. * in the same lines all the modifiers ේ, ෛ, ො, ෝ, ෞ has their own single composites. * rakaranshaya (්‍ර) is written as: hal kereema + zero width joiner(zwj) + ra :eg: prauda (ප්‍රෞඪ) is written as: pa + hal kereema + zwj + ra + kombuwa haa gayanukitta + ddha * yansaya (්‍ය) is written as: hal kereema + zwj + ya :eg: udyoga (උද්‍යෝග) is written as: u + da + hal kereema + zwj + ya + kombuwa haa diga aela pilla + ga * How to write binduwa? =External links= *[http://www.info.lk/slword/ Kaputa Sinhahala Unicode Fonts for Windows, Linux and Mac] *[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf Malithi Unicode font] *[http://fonts.lk/download/SinhalaIE.html Sinhala plugin for Internet Explorer 6] *[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/SinhalaXP0.4.zip Sinhala Pack for Windows XP Service Pack 2] *[http://fonts.lk/download/skoff.html Sinhala Add-on for MS Office XP] *[http://www.sinhalasp.com/keyboard_driver.htm SinhalaSP key board drver] *[http://www.unicode.org Unicode organisation] *[http://groups.google.lk/group/Sinhala-Unicode?lnk=srgg&hl=si සිංහල යුනිකොඩ් සමූහය - Sinhala Unicode] [[en:Wikipedia:Sinhala Font Guide]] [[zh-min-nan:Help:Án-chóaⁿ tha̍k]] [[bug:Wikipedia:Panginring mita lontara]] [[dv:Tāna Support]] [[dv:ކޮންޕީޓަރުން ތާނަ ލިޔެކިޔުމަށް މަގެއް]] [[fr:Aide:Unicode]] [[got:Wikipedia:Gothic Unicode Fonts]] [[hi:विकिपीडिया:Setting up your browser for Indic scripts]] [[it:Aiuto:Unicode]] [[kn:Wikipedia:Kannada Support]] [[ml:വിക്കിപീടിയ:സ്വാഗതം, നവാഗതരെ]] [[mr:विकिपीडिआ साहाय्य:Setup For Devanagari]] [[my:Wikipedia:Font]] [[ta:விக்கிபீடியா:Font help]] [[te:వికిపీడియా:Setting up your browser for Indic scripts]] [[vi:Wikipedia:Dung Unicode]] [[ur:امدادی ہدایات برائےاردو]] 5371 2006-05-10T11:35:50Z Lee 85 /* How to write Sinhala */ =Sinhala Font Guide= ==How to read Sinhala== This site uses '''Sinhala Unicode''' fonts. To see them displayed correctly, follow the steps below. We recommend that you use '''[http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox Mozilla Firefox 1.0.7]'''instead of '''Internet Explorer''' or '''Opera''', which seem to have some rendering issues. *If you have '''Microsoft Internet Explorer 6''' or a later version running on '''Windows''', simply install the [http://fonts.lk/download/SinhalaIE.html Sinhala Pack] and restart your computer. *Right click on your '''Desktop''', choose '''Properties''', go to '''Advanced/Appearance''' tab, click on '''Effects''' and choose '''Cleartype''' as the ''method to smooth edges of screen fonts''. *Change '''Character Encoding''' to '''UTF-8''' Unicode in your browser ('''VIEW-->ENCODING''' in most browsers). *Go to '''Tools'''--> '''Options''', click on '''Fonts''', choose '''Malithi Web''' as the default font. ::::or *If you use a '''Mozila Firefox, Opera, Netscape''' or an older version of '''Internet Explorer''', please download the '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf Malithi Web]''' Sinhala Unicode font by clicking '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf here]'''. *Install it in your computer. For Windows, simply copy the font to your ''Windows\Fonts'' folder. Refer to system documentation for other operating systems. *Restart your computer. *In Windows, right click on your '''Desktop''', choose '''Properties''', go to '''Advanced''' tab, click on '''Effects''' and choose '''Cleartype''' as the ''method to smooth edges of screen fonts''. *Change '''Character Encoding''' to '''UTF-8''' Unicode in your browser ('''VIEW-->ENCODING''' in most browsers). *Go to '''Tools'''--> '''Options''', (--> '''Content''' in Firefox 1.5) click on '''Fonts''', choose '''Malithi Web''' as the default font. ==How to write Sinhala== *After following the above steps, you can use the '''Windows character map''' program to type in Sinhala. Remember to choose ''[http://www.kaputa.com Kaputa.Com]'' or ''Malithi'' or other Sinhala Unicode font you have installed, when you do this. ::::or *If you have '''[http://www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/sp2/default.mspx Windows XP Service Pack 2]''', install the Sinhala Enabling Pack for XP by clicking '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/SinhalaXP0.4.zip here]'''. *This has been developed by Microsoft and endorsed by the Sri Lankan government. *Read the instructions before you install it. *It lets you toggle seamlessly between typing English and Sinhala using the language button on the task bar. This is, by far, the best solution. It uses the standard ''Wijesekera'' layout. *You can type in Unicode just as easily as you do with any other Sinhala or English font. ::::or *If you don't have Windows XP SP2 but have an older version of Windows and Microsoft '''Office XP''', you can download the Sinhala Pack for Office XP '''[http://fonts.lk/download/skoff.html here]'''. *This lets you type Sinhala documents in MS Word. You can copy and paste what you write in Wikipedia. You will need to have your XP CD handy. ::::or *If you are using a version of Windows other than XP SP2, you can use the [http://www.sinhalasp.com/keyboard_driver.htm|FutureSinhala keyboard driver] to type in Sinhala unicode. *It's a small background program that intercepts what you type and converts it to the Sinhala unicode format. *You can type in phonetics, Wijeysekara layout or Singlish (ea kiyanne mehema type karana eka) and the program will type it in Sinhala on any open window (MS Word etc). ::::or *You can use the online version of the '''[http://www.ucsc.cmb.ac.lk/ltrl/services/t1.html Real Time Unicode Converter]''' by the UCSC language group. Simply type Sinhala using English letters (singlish). (But you need to use IE) ==Still having problems== *[[Wikipedia_talk:Sinhala_Font_Guide|Inform the other users]] about the problems you're having. Sinhala Unicode is relatively new and it may take a while to have universal support. *We have found '''[http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox Mozilla Firefox 1.0.6]''' on Windows XP Service Pack 2 to deliver the best results. *If you cannot read any Sinhala letters in the main page, correct the character encoding in your browser as we have explained. *If the letters appear rough, change to Cleartype as described above. ==Why Unicode?== *And not Kaputa or Kandy or eKottu? Unicode is the international standard for non-Latin scripts. It is Wikipedia's policy to use Unicode fonts in international sister sites. This is to ensure universal usability. You cannot use non Unicode fonts to search in Wikipedia. See other sister sites such as [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil Wikipedia] and [http://hi.wikipedia.org Hindi Wikipedia] to understand it's capabilities. *Currently, Sinhala does not come built in with '''Windows XP''' unlike Tamil and Hindi. However, the beta versions of upcoming '''[http://www.microsoft.com/windowsvista/default.mspx Windows Vista]''' comes with [http://jinath.weblogs.us/archives/031334.html Sinhala support] by default. *There are also some complaints about the lack of ''pili''s in Sinhala Unicode. This is a misunderstanding due to the fact that some modifiers such as ''yansaya'' and ''repaya'' are not explicitly included in the Unicode code chart. However, these modifiers are included in the glyph tables and can be typed into documents using the appropriate combination of characters. The Sinhala keyboard layout recommended by ICTA include keys for both these modifiers. *Feel free to discuss these issues [[Wikipedia_talk:Sinhala Font Guide|here]]. ==Tips on Writing in Sinhala== Following tips were formulated by looking at most common errors that has been done in writing using unicode sinhala. Please try to avoid the errors far as possible using the following tips. Feel free to add more tips on avoiding error as you find them (some of these are due to the lack of support for sinhala typing at the moment.) * kombuwa (ෙ) should come after the consonent. :eg: gedara (ගෙදර) is written as: ga + kombuwa + da + ra but '''not''' as kombuwa + ga + da + ra. * kombuwa haa aela pilla (ො) is a single composite modifier. :eg: kolamba (කොළඹ) is writen as: ka + kombuwa ha aela pilla + la + mba but '''not''' as kombuwa + ka + aela pilla + la + mba. * in the same lines all the modifiers ේ, ෛ, ො, ෝ, ෞ has their own single composites. * rakaranshaya (්‍ර) is written as: hal kereema + zero width joiner(zwj) + ra :eg: prauda (ප්‍රෞඪ) is written as: pa + hal kereema + zwj + ra + kombuwa haa gayanukitta + ddha * yansaya (්‍ය) is written as: hal kereema + zwj + ya :eg: udyoga (උද්‍යෝග) is written as: u + da + hal kereema + zwj + ya + kombuwa haa diga aela pilla + ga * How to write binduwa? =External links= *[http://www.info.lk/slword/ Kaputa Sinhahala Unicode Fonts for Windows, Linux and Mac] *[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf Malithi Unicode font] *[http://fonts.lk/download/SinhalaIE.html Sinhala plugin for Internet Explorer 6] *[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/SinhalaXP0.4.zip Sinhala Pack for Windows XP Service Pack 2] *[http://fonts.lk/download/skoff.html Sinhala Add-on for MS Office XP] *[http://www.sinhalasp.com/keyboard_driver.htm SinhalaSP key board drver] *[http://www.unicode.org Unicode organisation] *[http://groups.google.lk/group/Sinhala-Unicode?lnk=srgg&hl=si සිංහල යුනිකොඩ් සමූහය - Sinhala Unicode] [[en:Wikipedia:Sinhala Font Guide]] [[zh-min-nan:Help:Án-chóaⁿ tha̍k]] [[bug:Wikipedia:Panginring mita lontara]] [[dv:Tāna Support]] [[dv:ކޮންޕީޓަރުން ތާނަ ލިޔެކިޔުމަށް މަގެއް]] [[fr:Aide:Unicode]] [[got:Wikipedia:Gothic Unicode Fonts]] [[hi:विकिपीडिया:Setting up your browser for Indic scripts]] [[it:Aiuto:Unicode]] [[kn:Wikipedia:Kannada Support]] [[ml:വിക്കിപീടിയ:സ്വാഗതം, നവാഗതരെ]] [[mr:विकिपीडिआ साहाय्य:Setup For Devanagari]] [[my:Wikipedia:Font]] [[ta:விக்கிபீடியா:Font help]] [[te:వికిపీడియా:Setting up your browser for Indic scripts]] [[vi:Wikipedia:Dung Unicode]] [[ur:امدادی ہدایات برائےاردو]] 5426 2006-05-24T09:11:18Z 203.94.77.18 /* External links */ =Sinhala Font Guide= ==How to read Sinhala== This site uses '''Sinhala Unicode''' fonts. To see them displayed correctly, follow the steps below. We recommend that you use '''[http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox Mozilla Firefox 1.0.7]'''instead of '''Internet Explorer''' or '''Opera''', which seem to have some rendering issues. *If you have '''Microsoft Internet Explorer 6''' or a later version running on '''Windows''', simply install the [http://fonts.lk/download/SinhalaIE.html Sinhala Pack] and restart your computer. *Right click on your '''Desktop''', choose '''Properties''', go to '''Advanced/Appearance''' tab, click on '''Effects''' and choose '''Cleartype''' as the ''method to smooth edges of screen fonts''. *Change '''Character Encoding''' to '''UTF-8''' Unicode in your browser ('''VIEW-->ENCODING''' in most browsers). *Go to '''Tools'''--> '''Options''', click on '''Fonts''', choose '''Malithi Web''' as the default font. ::::or *If you use a '''Mozila Firefox, Opera, Netscape''' or an older version of '''Internet Explorer''', please download the '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf Malithi Web]''' Sinhala Unicode font by clicking '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf here]'''. *Install it in your computer. For Windows, simply copy the font to your ''Windows\Fonts'' folder. Refer to system documentation for other operating systems. *Restart your computer. *In Windows, right click on your '''Desktop''', choose '''Properties''', go to '''Advanced''' tab, click on '''Effects''' and choose '''Cleartype''' as the ''method to smooth edges of screen fonts''. *Change '''Character Encoding''' to '''UTF-8''' Unicode in your browser ('''VIEW-->ENCODING''' in most browsers). *Go to '''Tools'''--> '''Options''', (--> '''Content''' in Firefox 1.5) click on '''Fonts''', choose '''Malithi Web''' as the default font. ==How to write Sinhala== *After following the above steps, you can use the '''Windows character map''' program to type in Sinhala. Remember to choose ''[http://www.kaputa.com Kaputa.Com]'' or ''Malithi'' or other Sinhala Unicode font you have installed, when you do this. ::::or *If you have '''[http://www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/sp2/default.mspx Windows XP Service Pack 2]''', install the Sinhala Enabling Pack for XP by clicking '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/SinhalaXP0.4.zip here]'''. *This has been developed by Microsoft and endorsed by the Sri Lankan government. *Read the instructions before you install it. *It lets you toggle seamlessly between typing English and Sinhala using the language button on the task bar. This is, by far, the best solution. It uses the standard ''Wijesekera'' layout. *You can type in Unicode just as easily as you do with any other Sinhala or English font. ::::or *If you don't have Windows XP SP2 but have an older version of Windows and Microsoft '''Office XP''', you can download the Sinhala Pack for Office XP '''[http://fonts.lk/download/skoff.html here]'''. *This lets you type Sinhala documents in MS Word. You can copy and paste what you write in Wikipedia. You will need to have your XP CD handy. ::::or *If you are using a version of Windows other than XP SP2, you can use the [http://www.sinhalasp.com/keyboard_driver.htm|FutureSinhala keyboard driver] to type in Sinhala unicode. *It's a small background program that intercepts what you type and converts it to the Sinhala unicode format. *You can type in phonetics, Wijeysekara layout or Singlish (ea kiyanne mehema type karana eka) and the program will type it in Sinhala on any open window (MS Word etc). ::::or *You can use the online version of the '''[http://www.ucsc.cmb.ac.lk/ltrl/services/t1.html Real Time Unicode Converter]''' by the UCSC language group. Simply type Sinhala using English letters (singlish). (But you need to use IE) ==Still having problems== *[[Wikipedia_talk:Sinhala_Font_Guide|Inform the other users]] about the problems you're having. Sinhala Unicode is relatively new and it may take a while to have universal support. *We have found '''[http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox Mozilla Firefox 1.0.6]''' on Windows XP Service Pack 2 to deliver the best results. *If you cannot read any Sinhala letters in the main page, correct the character encoding in your browser as we have explained. *If the letters appear rough, change to Cleartype as described above. ==Why Unicode?== *And not Kaputa or Kandy or eKottu? Unicode is the international standard for non-Latin scripts. It is Wikipedia's policy to use Unicode fonts in international sister sites. This is to ensure universal usability. You cannot use non Unicode fonts to search in Wikipedia. See other sister sites such as [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil Wikipedia] and [http://hi.wikipedia.org Hindi Wikipedia] to understand it's capabilities. *Currently, Sinhala does not come built in with '''Windows XP''' unlike Tamil and Hindi. However, the beta versions of upcoming '''[http://www.microsoft.com/windowsvista/default.mspx Windows Vista]''' comes with [http://jinath.weblogs.us/archives/031334.html Sinhala support] by default. *There are also some complaints about the lack of ''pili''s in Sinhala Unicode. This is a misunderstanding due to the fact that some modifiers such as ''yansaya'' and ''repaya'' are not explicitly included in the Unicode code chart. However, these modifiers are included in the glyph tables and can be typed into documents using the appropriate combination of characters. The Sinhala keyboard layout recommended by ICTA include keys for both these modifiers. *Feel free to discuss these issues [[Wikipedia_talk:Sinhala Font Guide|here]]. ==Tips on Writing in Sinhala== Following tips were formulated by looking at most common errors that has been done in writing using unicode sinhala. Please try to avoid the errors far as possible using the following tips. Feel free to add more tips on avoiding error as you find them (some of these are due to the lack of support for sinhala typing at the moment.) * kombuwa (ෙ) should come after the consonent. :eg: gedara (ගෙදර) is written as: ga + kombuwa + da + ra but '''not''' as kombuwa + ga + da + ra. * kombuwa haa aela pilla (ො) is a single composite modifier. :eg: kolamba (කොළඹ) is writen as: ka + kombuwa ha aela pilla + la + mba but '''not''' as kombuwa + ka + aela pilla + la + mba. * in the same lines all the modifiers ේ, ෛ, ො, ෝ, ෞ has their own single composites. * rakaranshaya (්‍ර) is written as: hal kereema + zero width joiner(zwj) + ra :eg: prauda (ප්‍රෞඪ) is written as: pa + hal kereema + zwj + ra + kombuwa haa gayanukitta + ddha * yansaya (්‍ය) is written as: hal kereema + zwj + ya :eg: udyoga (උද්‍යෝග) is written as: u + da + hal kereema + zwj + ya + kombuwa haa diga aela pilla + ga * How to write binduwa? =External links= *[http://www.info.lk/slword/ Kaputa Sinhahala Unicode Fonts for Windows, Linux and Mac] *[http://www.microimage.com/helawadana Microimage Helawadana Nawayugya (Unicode Enabled)] *[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf Malithi Unicode font] *[http://fonts.lk/download/SinhalaIE.html Sinhala plugin for Internet Explorer 6] *[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/SinhalaXP0.4.zip Sinhala Pack for Windows XP Service Pack 2] *[http://fonts.lk/download/skoff.html Sinhala Add-on for MS Office XP] *[http://www.sinhalasp.com/keyboard_driver.htm SinhalaSP key board drver] *[http://www.unicode.org Unicode organisation] *[http://groups.google.lk/group/Sinhala-Unicode?lnk=srgg&hl=si සිංහල යුනිකොඩ් සමූහය - Sinhala Unicode] [[en:Wikipedia:Sinhala Font Guide]] [[zh-min-nan:Help:Án-chóaⁿ tha̍k]] [[bug:Wikipedia:Panginring mita lontara]] [[dv:Tāna Support]] [[dv:ކޮންޕީޓަރުން ތާނަ ލިޔެކިޔުމަށް މަގެއް]] [[fr:Aide:Unicode]] [[got:Wikipedia:Gothic Unicode Fonts]] [[hi:विकिपीडिया:Setting up your browser for Indic scripts]] [[it:Aiuto:Unicode]] [[kn:Wikipedia:Kannada Support]] [[ml:വിക്കിപീടിയ:സ്വാഗതം, നവാഗതരെ]] [[mr:विकिपीडिआ साहाय्य:Setup For Devanagari]] [[my:Wikipedia:Font]] [[ta:விக்கிபீடியா:Font help]] [[te:వికిపీడియా:Setting up your browser for Indic scripts]] [[vi:Wikipedia:Dung Unicode]] [[ur:امدادی ہدایات برائےاردو]] 5632 2006-06-13T17:27:21Z 195.137.85.17 /* How to read Sinhala */ =Sinhala Font Guide= ==How to read Sinhala== This site uses '''Sinhala Unicode''' fonts. To see them displayed correctly, follow the steps below. We recommend that you use '''[http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox Mozilla Firefox 1.0.7]'''instead of '''Internet Explorer''' or '''Opera''', which seem to have some rendering issues. *If you have '''Microsoft Internet Explorer 6''' or a later version running on '''Windows''', simply install the [http://fonts.lk/download/SinhalaIE.html Sinhala Pack] and restart your computer. *Right click on your '''Desktop''', choose '''Properties''', go to '''Advanced/Appearance''' tab, click on '''Effects''' and choose '''Cleartype''' as the ''method to smooth edges of screen fonts''. *Change '''Character Encoding''' to '''UTF-8''' Unicode in your browser ('''VIEW-->ENCODING''' in most browsers). *Go to '''Tools'''--> '''Options''', click on '''Fonts''', choose '''Malithi Web''' as the default font. ::::or *If you use a '''Mozila Firefox, Opera, Netscape''' or an older version of '''Internet Explorer''', please download the '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf Malithi Web]''' Sinhala Unicode font. *Install it in your computer. For Windows, simply copy the font to your ''Windows\Fonts'' folder. Refer to system documentation for other operating systems. *Restart your computer. *In Windows, right click on your '''Desktop''', choose '''Properties''', go to '''Advanced''' tab, click on '''Effects''' and choose '''Cleartype''' as the ''method to smooth edges of screen fonts''. *Change '''Character Encoding''' to '''UTF-8''' Unicode in your browser ('''VIEW-->ENCODING''' in most browsers). *Go to '''Tools'''--> '''Options''', (--> '''Content''' in Firefox 1.5) click on '''Fonts''', choose '''Malithi Web''' as the default font. ==How to write Sinhala== *After following the above steps, you can use the '''Windows character map''' program to type in Sinhala. Remember to choose ''[http://www.kaputa.com Kaputa.Com]'' or ''Malithi'' or other Sinhala Unicode font you have installed, when you do this. ::::or *If you have '''[http://www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/sp2/default.mspx Windows XP Service Pack 2]''', install the Sinhala Enabling Pack for XP by clicking '''[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/SinhalaXP0.4.zip here]'''. *This has been developed by Microsoft and endorsed by the Sri Lankan government. *Read the instructions before you install it. *It lets you toggle seamlessly between typing English and Sinhala using the language button on the task bar. This is, by far, the best solution. It uses the standard ''Wijesekera'' layout. *You can type in Unicode just as easily as you do with any other Sinhala or English font. ::::or *If you don't have Windows XP SP2 but have an older version of Windows and Microsoft '''Office XP''', you can download the Sinhala Pack for Office XP '''[http://fonts.lk/download/skoff.html here]'''. *This lets you type Sinhala documents in MS Word. You can copy and paste what you write in Wikipedia. You will need to have your XP CD handy. ::::or *If you are using a version of Windows other than XP SP2, you can use the [http://www.sinhalasp.com/keyboard_driver.htm|FutureSinhala keyboard driver] to type in Sinhala unicode. *It's a small background program that intercepts what you type and converts it to the Sinhala unicode format. *You can type in phonetics, Wijeysekara layout or Singlish (ea kiyanne mehema type karana eka) and the program will type it in Sinhala on any open window (MS Word etc). ::::or *You can use the online version of the '''[http://www.ucsc.cmb.ac.lk/ltrl/services/t1.html Real Time Unicode Converter]''' by the UCSC language group. Simply type Sinhala using English letters (singlish). (But you need to use IE) ==Still having problems== *[[Wikipedia_talk:Sinhala_Font_Guide|Inform the other users]] about the problems you're having. Sinhala Unicode is relatively new and it may take a while to have universal support. *We have found '''[http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox Mozilla Firefox 1.0.6]''' on Windows XP Service Pack 2 to deliver the best results. *If you cannot read any Sinhala letters in the main page, correct the character encoding in your browser as we have explained. *If the letters appear rough, change to Cleartype as described above. ==Why Unicode?== *And not Kaputa or Kandy or eKottu? Unicode is the international standard for non-Latin scripts. It is Wikipedia's policy to use Unicode fonts in international sister sites. This is to ensure universal usability. You cannot use non Unicode fonts to search in Wikipedia. See other sister sites such as [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil Wikipedia] and [http://hi.wikipedia.org Hindi Wikipedia] to understand it's capabilities. *Currently, Sinhala does not come built in with '''Windows XP''' unlike Tamil and Hindi. However, the beta versions of upcoming '''[http://www.microsoft.com/windowsvista/default.mspx Windows Vista]''' comes with [http://jinath.weblogs.us/archives/031334.html Sinhala support] by default. *There are also some complaints about the lack of ''pili''s in Sinhala Unicode. This is a misunderstanding due to the fact that some modifiers such as ''yansaya'' and ''repaya'' are not explicitly included in the Unicode code chart. However, these modifiers are included in the glyph tables and can be typed into documents using the appropriate combination of characters. The Sinhala keyboard layout recommended by ICTA include keys for both these modifiers. *Feel free to discuss these issues [[Wikipedia_talk:Sinhala Font Guide|here]]. ==Tips on Writing in Sinhala== Following tips were formulated by looking at most common errors that has been done in writing using unicode sinhala. Please try to avoid the errors far as possible using the following tips. Feel free to add more tips on avoiding error as you find them (some of these are due to the lack of support for sinhala typing at the moment.) * kombuwa (ෙ) should come after the consonent. :eg: gedara (ගෙදර) is written as: ga + kombuwa + da + ra but '''not''' as kombuwa + ga + da + ra. * kombuwa haa aela pilla (ො) is a single composite modifier. :eg: kolamba (කොළඹ) is writen as: ka + kombuwa ha aela pilla + la + mba but '''not''' as kombuwa + ka + aela pilla + la + mba. * in the same lines all the modifiers ේ, ෛ, ො, ෝ, ෞ has their own single composites. * rakaranshaya (්‍ර) is written as: hal kereema + zero width joiner(zwj) + ra :eg: prauda (ප්‍රෞඪ) is written as: pa + hal kereema + zwj + ra + kombuwa haa gayanukitta + ddha * yansaya (්‍ය) is written as: hal kereema + zwj + ya :eg: udyoga (උද්‍යෝග) is written as: u + da + hal kereema + zwj + ya + kombuwa haa diga aela pilla + ga * How to write binduwa? =External links= *[http://www.info.lk/slword/ Kaputa Sinhahala Unicode Fonts for Windows, Linux and Mac] *[http://www.microimage.com/helawadana Microimage Helawadana Nawayugya (Unicode Enabled)] *[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/short-word-list/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf Malithi Unicode font] *[http://fonts.lk/download/SinhalaIE.html Sinhala plugin for Internet Explorer 6] *[http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/SinhalaXP0.4.zip Sinhala Pack for Windows XP Service Pack 2] *[http://fonts.lk/download/skoff.html Sinhala Add-on for MS Office XP] *[http://www.sinhalasp.com/keyboard_driver.htm SinhalaSP key board drver] *[http://www.unicode.org Unicode organisation] *[http://groups.google.lk/group/Sinhala-Unicode?lnk=srgg&hl=si සිංහල යුනිකොඩ් සමූහය - Sinhala Unicode] [[en:Wikipedia:Sinhala Font Guide]] [[zh-min-nan:Help:Án-chóaⁿ tha̍k]] [[bug:Wikipedia:Panginring mita lontara]] [[dv:Tāna Support]] [[dv:ކޮންޕީޓަރުން ތާނަ ލިޔެކިޔުމަށް މަގެއް]] [[fr:Aide:Unicode]] [[got:Wikipedia:Gothic Unicode Fonts]] [[hi:विकिपीडिया:Setting up your browser for Indic scripts]] [[it:Aiuto:Unicode]] [[kn:Wikipedia:Kannada Support]] [[ml:വിക്കിപീടിയ:സ്വാഗതം, നവാഗതരെ]] [[mr:विकिपीडिआ साहाय्य:Setup For Devanagari]] [[my:Wikipedia:Font]] [[ta:விக்கிபீடியா:Font help]] [[te:వికిపీడియా:Setting up your browser for Indic scripts]] [[vi:Wikipedia:Dung Unicode]] [[ur:امدادی ہدایات برائےاردو]] Main Page 1580 4384 2005-09-11T21:30:41Z Chin 20 Main Page moved to ආයුෙබා්වන්.: sinhala intro #redirect [[ආයුෙබා්වන්.]] 4387 2005-09-11T21:33:58Z Chin 20 #redirect [[ආයුෙබා්වන්!]] 4419 2005-09-13T06:56:24Z 24.251.198.251 "ayubowam" does not mean "main page" #redirect [[Main page]] 5423 2006-05-23T17:27:22Z Lee 85 '''[[Wikipedia:Sinhala font|IF YOU HAVE TROUBLE READING SINHALA FONTS, CLICK HERE]].''' {{WikipediaINTRO}} --------- <table> <td bgcolor=#FAF9EC> <center> ''' සිංහල ''' [[සිංහල භාෂාව]] - [[සිංහල ඉතිහාසය]] - [[සිංහල ජාතිය]] - [[සිංහල සංස්කෘතිය]] - [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව]] - [[ආසියාව]] ''' ගණිත සහ ස්වභාව විද්‍යා''' [[තාරකා විද්‍යාව]] - [[ජීව විද්‍යාව]] - [[සත්ව විද්‍යාව]] - [[රසායන විද්‍යාව]] - [[ශාක විද්‍යාව]] - [[කෘමි විද්‍යාව]] - [[භෞතික විද්‍යාව]] - [[ගණිතය]] - [[තොරතුරු තාක්‍ෂණය]] - [[ස්වභාව විද්‍යාව]] - [[Statistics]] ''' සාමාජික විද්‍යා ''' [[මානව විද්‍යාව]] - [[පුරා විද්‍යාව]] - [[රාජ්‍ය තාන්ත්රකත්වය]] - [[අධ්‍යාපනය]] - [[දර්ශන විද්‍යාව]] - [[මුල්‍ය]] - [[භූ විද්‍යාව]] - [[භාෂා]] සහ [[වාග් විද්‍යාව]] - [[Musicology]] - [[අධ්‍යාපන විද්‍යාව]] - [[මනෝ විද්‍යාව]] - [[සමාජ විද්‍යාව]] - [[ඉතිහාසය]] ''' Politics, law, and society ''' [[වානිජ්‍යය]] - [[යුධ විද්‍යා]] - [[නීතිය]] - [[ආර්ථිකය]] - [[පවුල]] - [[ව්‍යාපාර]] - [[දේශපාලනය]] ''' ආගම් සහ මිථ්‍යා ''' [[ආගම]] - [[මිථ්‍යා විශ්වාස]] - [[දේවධර්මය]] - [[ඉස්ලාම්]] - [[කිතු දහම]] - [[ජෛන ආගම]] - [[සිඛ් ආගම]] - [[බුදු දහම]] - [[නාස්තික වාදය]] - [[හින්දු ආගම]] - [[ආත්ම වාදය]] - [[ජුදා ආගම]] - [[ගුප්ත ධර්මය]] - [[ආධ්‍යාත්මික]] ''' කලාව සහ සංස්කෘතිය ''' [[කලාව]] - [[නර්තනය]] - [[සිනමාව]] - [[සංස්කෘතිය]] - [[ජනකතා]] - [[Photography]] - [[සාහිත්‍යය]] - [[සංගීතය]] - [[Sculpture]] - [[නාට්‍ය]] ''' ව්‍යවහාරික විද්‍යා සහ කර්මාන්ත ''' [[Aerospace]] - [[කෘෂිකර්මය]] - [[විදුලිය]] - [[විද්‍යුත්]] - [[කලමණාකරනය]] - [[වාස්තු විද්‍යාව]] - [[සන්නිවේදනය]] - [[අන්තර්ජාලය]] - [[වෛද්‍ය විද්‍යාව]] - [[කර්මාන්ත]] - [[Engineering]] - [[තාක්ෂණය]] - [[ප්‍රවාහනය]] - [[විද්‍යුත් සන්නිවේදනය]] ''' ජීවිතය සහ විනෝදය ''' [[Cuisine]] - [[විනෝදාංශ]] - [[ගෙවතු වගාව]] - [[ක්‍රීඩා]] - [[සංචාරක]] - [[සෞඛ්‍යය]] - [[පෝෂණය]] - [[විනෝදාත්මක]] - [[ලිංගිකත්වය]] ''' අනෙකුත් ''' [[ජීවිත කථා]] - [[List of lists]] - [[ලෝකයේ ඇති රටවල්]] </center> </td> </table> ---------  ==Other areas of Wikipedia== {{WikipediaOther}} ==Wikipedia's sister projects== {{WikipediaSister}} ==Wikipedia languages== {{WikipediaLang}} </div> </div>__NOTOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__ 5595 2006-06-09T12:43:51Z Lee 85 '''[[Wikipedia:Sinhala font|IF YOU HAVE TROUBLE READING SINHALA FONTS, CLICK HERE]].''' {{WikipediaINTRO}} --------- {| cellspacing="3" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="border-width: 2px; border-color:#C1CCD7; border-style: solid" | width="20%" bgcolor="#f5fffa" align="center" valign="middle" | ''' සිංහල ''' [[සිංහල භාෂාව]] - [[සිංහල ඉතිහාසය]] - [[සිංහල ජාතිය]] - [[සිංහල සංස්කෘතිය]] - [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව]] - [[ආසියාව]] ''' ගණිත සහ ස්වභාව විද්‍යා''' [[තාරකා විද්‍යාව]] - [[ජීව විද්‍යාව]] - [[සත්ව විද්‍යාව]] - [[රසායන විද්‍යාව]] - [[ශාක විද්‍යාව]] - [[කෘමි විද්‍යාව]] - [[භෞතික විද්‍යාව]] - [[ගණිතය]] - [[තොරතුරු තාක්‍ෂණය]] - [[ස්වභාව විද්‍යාව]] - [[Statistics]] ''' සාමාජික විද්‍යා ''' [[මානව විද්‍යාව]] - [[පුරා විද්‍යාව]] - [[රාජ්‍ය තාන්ත්රකත්වය]] - [[අධ්‍යාපනය]] - [[දර්ශන විද්‍යාව]] - [[මුල්‍ය]] - [[භූ විද්‍යාව]] - [[භාෂා]] සහ [[වාග් විද්‍යාව]] - [[Musicology]] - [[අධ්‍යාපන විද්‍යාව]] - [[මනෝ විද්‍යාව]] - [[සමාජ විද්‍යාව]] - [[ඉතිහාසය]] ''' Politics, law, and society ''' [[වානිජ්‍යය]] - [[යුධ විද්‍යා]] - [[නීතිය]] - [[ආර්ථිකය]] - [[පවුල]] - [[ව්‍යාපාර]] - [[දේශපාලනය]] ''' ආගම් සහ මිථ්‍යා ''' [[ආගම]] - [[මිථ්‍යා විශ්වාස]] - [[දේවධර්මය]] - [[ඉස්ලාම්]] - [[කිතු දහම]] - [[ජෛන ආගම]] - [[සිඛ් ආගම]] - [[බුදු දහම]] - [[නාස්තික වාදය]] - [[හින්දු ආගම]] - [[ආත්ම වාදය]] - [[ජුදා ආගම]] - [[ගුප්ත ධර්මය]] - [[ආධ්‍යාත්මික]] ''' කලාව සහ සංස්කෘතිය ''' [[කලාව]] - [[නර්තනය]] - [[සිනමාව]] - [[සංස්කෘතිය]] - [[ජනකතා]] - [[Photography]] - [[සාහිත්‍යය]] - [[සංගීතය]] - [[Sculpture]] - [[නාට්‍ය]] ''' ව්‍යවහාරික විද්‍යා සහ කර්මාන්ත ''' [[Aerospace]] - [[කෘෂිකර්මය]] - [[විදුලිය]] - [[විද්‍යුත්]] - [[කලමණාකරනය]] - [[වාස්තු විද්‍යාව]] - [[සන්නිවේදනය]] - [[අන්තර්ජාලය]] - [[වෛද්‍ය විද්‍යාව]] - [[කර්මාන්ත]] - [[Engineering]] - [[තාක්ෂණය]] - [[ප්‍රවාහනය]] - [[විද්‍යුත් සන්නිවේදනය]] ''' ජීවිතය සහ විනෝදය ''' [[Cuisine]] - [[විනෝදාංශ]] - [[ගෙවතු වගාව]] - [[ක්‍රීඩා]] - [[සංචාරක]] - [[සෞඛ්‍යය]] - [[පෝෂණය]] - [[විනෝදාත්මක]] - [[ලිංගිකත්වය]] ''' අනෙකුත් ''' [[ජීවිත කථා]] - [[List of lists]] - [[ලෝකයේ ඇති රටවල්]] |} ---------  ==Other areas of Wikipedia== {{WikipediaOther}} ==Wikipedia's sister projects== {{WikipediaSister}} ==Wikipedia languages== {{WikipediaLang}} </div> </div>__NOTOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__ 5598 2006-06-09T13:18:19Z Lee 85 {{WikipediaINTRO}} --------- {| cellspacing="3" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="border-width: 2px; border-color:#C1CCD7; border-style: solid" | width="20%" bgcolor="#f5fffa" align="center" valign="middle" | ''' සිංහල ''' [[සිංහල භාෂාව]] - [[සිංහල ඉතිහාසය]] - [[සිංහල ජාතිය]] - [[සිංහල සංස්කෘතිය]] - [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව]] - [[ආසියාව]] ''' ගණිත සහ ස්වභාව විද්‍යා''' [[තාරකා විද්‍යාව]] - [[ජීව විද්‍යාව]] - [[සත්ව විද්‍යාව]] - [[රසායන විද්‍යාව]] - [[ශාක විද්‍යාව]] - [[කෘමි විද්‍යාව]] - [[භෞතික විද්‍යාව]] - [[ගණිතය]] - [[තොරතුරු තාක්‍ෂණය]] - [[ස්වභාව විද්‍යාව]] - [[Statistics]] ''' සාමාජික විද්‍යා ''' [[මානව විද්‍යාව]] - [[පුරා විද්‍යාව]] - [[රාජ්‍ය තාන්ත්රකත්වය]] - [[අධ්‍යාපනය]] - [[දර්ශන විද්‍යාව]] - [[මුල්‍ය]] - [[භූ විද්‍යාව]] - [[භාෂා]] සහ [[වාග් විද්‍යාව]] - [[Musicology]] - [[අධ්‍යාපන විද්‍යාව]] - [[මනෝ විද්‍යාව]] - [[සමාජ විද්‍යාව]] - [[ඉතිහාසය]] ''' Politics, law, and society ''' [[වානිජ්‍යය]] - [[යුධ විද්‍යා]] - [[නීතිය]] - [[ආර්ථිකය]] - [[පවුල]] - [[ව්‍යාපාර]] - [[දේශපාලනය]] ''' ආගම් සහ මිථ්‍යා ''' [[ආගම]] - [[මිථ්‍යා විශ්වාස]] - [[දේවධර්මය]] - [[ඉස්ලාම්]] - [[කිතු දහම]] - [[ජෛන ආගම]] - [[සිඛ් ආගම]] - [[බුදු දහම]] - [[නාස්තික වාදය]] - [[හින්දු ආගම]] - [[ආත්ම වාදය]] - [[ජුදා ආගම]] - [[ගුප්ත ධර්මය]] - [[ආධ්‍යාත්මික]] ''' කලාව සහ සංස්කෘතිය ''' [[කලාව]] - [[නර්තනය]] - [[සිනමාව]] - [[සංස්කෘතිය]] - [[ජනකතා]] - [[Photography]] - [[සාහිත්‍යය]] - [[සංගීතය]] - [[Sculpture]] - [[නාට්‍ය]] ''' ව්‍යවහාරික විද්‍යා සහ කර්මාන්ත ''' [[Aerospace]] - [[කෘෂිකර්මය]] - [[විදුලිය]] - [[විද්‍යුත්]] - [[කලමණාකරනය]] - [[වාස්තු විද්‍යාව]] - [[සන්නිවේදනය]] - [[අන්තර්ජාලය]] - [[වෛද්‍ය විද්‍යාව]] - [[කර්මාන්ත]] - [[Engineering]] - [[තාක්ෂණය]] - [[ප්‍රවාහනය]] - [[විද්‍යුත් සන්නිවේදනය]] ''' ජීවිතය සහ විනෝදය ''' [[Cuisine]] - [[විනෝදාංශ]] - [[ගෙවතු වගාව]] - [[ක්‍රීඩා]] - [[සංචාරක]] - [[සෞඛ්‍යය]] - [[පෝෂණය]] - [[විනෝදාත්මක]] - [[ලිංගිකත්වය]] ''' අනෙකුත් ''' [[ජීවිත කථා]] - [[List of lists]] - [[ලෝකයේ ඇති රටවල්]] |} ---------  ==Other areas of Wikipedia== {{WikipediaOther}} ==Wikipedia's sister projects== {{WikipediaSister}} ==Wikipedia languages== {{WikipediaLang}} </div> </div>__NOTOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__ 5691 2006-06-25T09:41:02Z Ruwan 82 Main Page {{WikipediaINTRO}} --------- {| cellspacing="3" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="border-width: 2px; border-color:#C1CCD7; border-style: solid" | width="20%" bgcolor="#f5fffa" align="center" valign="middle" | ''' සිංහල ''' [[සිංහල භාෂාව]] - [[සිංහල ඉතිහාසය]] - [[සිංහල ජාතිය]] - [[සිංහල සංස්කෘතිය]] - [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව]] - [[ආසියාව]] ''' ගණිත සහ ස්වභාව විද්‍යා''' [[තාරකා විද්‍යාව]] - [[ජීව විද්‍යාව]] - [[සත්ව විද්‍යාව]] - [[රසායන විද්‍යාව]] - [[ශාක විද්‍යාව]] - [[කෘමි විද්‍යාව]] - [[භෞතික විද්‍යාව]] - [[ගණිතය]] - [[තොරතුරු තාක්‍ෂණය]] - [[ස්වභාව විද්‍යාව]] - [[Statistics]] ''' සාමාජික විද්‍යා ''' [[මානව විද්‍යාව]] - [[පුරා විද්‍යාව]] - [[රාජ්‍ය තාන්ත්රකත්වය]] - [[අධ්‍යාපනය]] - [[දර්ශන විද්‍යාව]] - [[මුල්‍ය]] - [[භූ විද්‍යාව]] - [[භාෂා]] සහ [[වාග් විද්‍යාව]] - [[සංගීත වේදය]] - [[අධ්‍යාපන විද්‍යාව]] - [[මනෝ විද්‍යාව]] - [[සමාජ විද්‍යාව]] - [[ඉතිහාසය]] ''' Politics, law, and society ''' [[වානිජ්‍යය]] - [[යුධ විද්‍යා]] - [[නීතිය]] - [[ආර්ථිකය]] - [[පවුල]] - [[ව්‍යාපාර]] - [[දේශපාලනය]] ''' ආගම් සහ මිථ්‍යා ''' [[ආගම]] - [[මිථ්‍යා විශ්වාස]] - [[දේවධර්මය]] - [[ඉස්ලාම්]] - [[කිතු දහම]] - [[ජෛන ආගම]] - [[සිඛ් ආගම]] - [[බුදු දහම]] - [[නාස්තික වාදය]] - [[හින්දු ආගම]] - [[ආත්ම වාදය]] - [[ජුදා ආගම]] - [[ගුප්ත ධර්මය]] - [[ආධ්‍යාත්මික]] ''' කලාව සහ සංස්කෘතිය ''' [[කලාව]] - [[නර්තනය]] - [[සිනමාව]] - [[සංස්කෘතිය]] - [[ජනකතා]] - [[Photography]] - [[සාහිත්‍යය]] - [[සංගීතය]] - [[Sculpture]] - [[නාට්‍ය]] ''' ව්‍යවහාරික විද්‍යා සහ කර්මාන්ත ''' [[Aerospace]] - [[කෘෂිකර්මය]] - [[විදුලිය]] - [[විද්‍යුත්]] - [[කලමණාකරනය]] - [[වාස්තු විද්‍යාව]] - [[සන්නිවේදනය]] - [[අන්තර්ජාලය]] - [[වෛද්‍ය විද්‍යාව]] - [[කර්මාන්ත]] - [[Engineering]] - [[තාක්ෂණය]] - [[ප්‍රවාහනය]] - [[විද්‍යුත් සන්නිවේදනය]] ''' ජීවිතය සහ විනෝදය ''' [[Cuisine]] - [[විනෝදාංශ]] - [[ගෙවතු වගාව]] - [[ක්‍රීඩා]] - [[සංචාරක]] - [[සෞඛ්‍යය]] - [[පෝෂණය]] - [[විනෝදාත්මක]] - [[ලිංගිකත්වය]] ''' අනෙකුත් ''' [[ජීවිත කථා]] - [[List of lists]] - [[ලෝකයේ ඇති රටවල්]] |} ---------  ==Other areas of Wikipedia== {{WikipediaOther}} ==Wikipedia's sister projects== {{WikipediaSister}} ==Wikipedia languages== {{WikipediaLang}} </div> </div>__NOTOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__ 5692 2006-06-25T09:43:20Z Ruwan 82 Main Page {{WikipediaINTRO}} --------- {| cellspacing="3" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="border-width: 2px; border-color:#C1CCD7; border-style: solid" | width="20%" bgcolor="#f5fffa" align="center" valign="middle" | ''' සිංහල ''' [[සිංහල භාෂාව]] - [[සිංහල ඉතිහාසය]] - [[සිංහල ජාතිය]] - [[සිංහල සංස්කෘතිය]] - [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව]] - [[ආසියාව]] ''' ගණිත සහ ස්වභාව විද්‍යා''' [[තාරකා විද්‍යාව]] - [[ජීව විද්‍යාව]] - [[සත්ව විද්‍යාව]] - [[රසායන විද්‍යාව]] - [[ශාක විද්‍යාව]] - [[කෘමි විද්‍යාව]] - [[භෞතික විද්‍යාව]] - [[ගණිතය]] - [[තොරතුරු තාක්‍ෂණය]] - [[ස්වභාව විද්‍යාව]] - [[Statistics]] ''' සාමාජික විද්‍යා ''' [[මානව විද්‍යාව]] - [[පුරා විද්‍යාව]] - [[රාජ්‍ය තාන්ත්රකත්වය]] - [[අධ්‍යාපනය]] - [[දර්ශන විද්‍යාව]] - [[මුල්‍ය]] - [[භූ විද්‍යාව]] - [[භාෂා]] සහ [[වාග් විද්‍යාව]] - [[සංගීත වේදය]] - [[අධ්‍යාපන විද්‍යාව]] - [[මනෝ විද්‍යාව]] - [[සමාජ විද්‍යාව]] - [[ඉතිහාසය]] ''' Politics, law, and society ''' [[වානිජ්‍යය]] - [[යුධ විද්‍යා]] - [[නීතිය]] - [[ආර්ථිකය]] - [[පවුල]] - [[ව්‍යාපාර]] - [[දේශපාලනය]] ''' ආගම් සහ මිථ්‍යා ''' [[ආගම]] - [[මිථ්‍යා විශ්වාස]] - [[දේවධර්මය]] - [[ඉස්ලාම්]] - [[කිතු දහම]] - [[ජෛන ආගම]] - [[සිඛ් ආගම]] - [[බුදු දහම]] - [[නාස්තික වාදය]] - [[හින්දු ආගම]] - [[ආත්ම වාදය]] - [[ජුදා ආගම]] - [[ගුප්ත ධර්මය]] - [[ආධ්‍යාත්මික]] ''' කලාව සහ සංස්කෘතිය ''' [[කලාව]] - [[නර්තනය]] - [[සිනමාව]] - [[සංස්කෘතිය]] - [[ජනකතා]] - [[ඡායාරූප ශිල්පය]] - [[සාහිත්‍යය]] - [[සංගීතය]] - [[Sculpture]] - [[නාට්‍ය]] ''' ව්‍යවහාරික විද්‍යා සහ කර්මාන්ත ''' [[Aerospace]] - [[කෘෂිකර්මය]] - [[විදුලිය]] - [[විද්‍යුත්]] - [[කලමණාකරනය]] - [[වාස්තු විද්‍යාව]] - [[සන්නිවේදනය]] - [[අන්තර්ජාලය]] - [[වෛද්‍ය විද්‍යාව]] - [[කර්මාන්ත]] - [[Engineering]] - [[තාක්ෂණය]] - [[ප්‍රවාහනය]] - [[විද්‍යුත් සන්නිවේදනය]] ''' ජීවිතය සහ විනෝදය ''' [[Cuisine]] - [[විනෝදාංශ]] - [[ගෙවතු වගාව]] - [[ක්‍රීඩා]] - [[සංචාරක]] - [[සෞඛ්‍යය]] - [[පෝෂණය]] - [[විනෝදාත්මක]] - [[ලිංගිකත්වය]] ''' අනෙකුත් ''' [[ජීවිත කථා]] - [[List of lists]] - [[ලෝකයේ ඇති රටවල්]] |} ---------  ==Other areas of Wikipedia== {{WikipediaOther}} ==Wikipedia's sister projects== {{WikipediaSister}} ==Wikipedia languages== {{WikipediaLang}} </div> </div>__NOTOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__ 5693 2006-06-25T17:17:34Z Ruwan 82 Main Page {{WikipediaINTRO}} --------- {| cellspacing="3" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="border-width: 2px; border-color:#C1CCD7; border-style: solid" | width="20%" bgcolor="#f5fffa" align="center" valign="middle" | ''' සිංහල ''' [[සිංහල භාෂාව]] - [[සිංහල ඉතිහාසය]] - [[සිංහල ජාතිය]] - [[සිංහල සංස්කෘතිය]] - [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව]] - [[ආසියාව]] ''' ගණිත සහ ස්වභාව විද්‍යා''' [[තාරකා විද්‍යාව]] - [[ජීව විද්‍යාව]] - [[සත්ව විද්‍යාව]] - [[රසායන විද්‍යාව]] - [[ශාක විද්‍යාව]] - [[කෘමි විද්‍යාව]] - [[භෞතික විද්‍යාව]] - [[ගණිතය]] - [[තොරතුරු තාක්‍ෂණය]] - [[ස්වභාව විද්‍යාව]] - [[Statistics]] ''' සාමාජික විද්‍යා ''' [[මානව විද්‍යාව]] - [[පුරා විද්‍යාව]] - [[රාජ්‍ය තාන්ත්රකත්වය]] - [[අධ්‍යාපනය]] - [[දර්ශන විද්‍යාව]] - [[මුල්‍ය]] - [[භූ විද්‍යාව]] - [[භාෂා]] සහ [[වාග් විද්‍යාව]] - [[සංගීත වේදය]] - [[අධ්‍යාපන විද්‍යාව]] - [[මනෝ විද්‍යාව]] - [[සමාජ විද්‍යාව]] - [[ඉතිහාසය]] ''' Politics, law, and society ''' [[වානිජ්‍යය]] - [[යුධ විද්‍යා]] - [[නීතිය]] - [[ආර්ථිකය]] - [[පවුල]] - [[ව්‍යාපාර]] - [[දේශපාලනය]] ''' ආගම් සහ මිථ්‍යා ''' [[ආගම]] - [[මිථ්‍යා විශ්වාස]] - [[දේවධර්මය]] - [[ඉස්ලාම්]] - [[කිතු දහම]] - [[ජෛන ආගම]] - [[සිඛ් ආගම]] - [[බුදු දහම]] - [[නාස්තික වාදය]] - [[හින්දු ආගම]] - [[ආත්ම වාදය]] - [[ජුදා ආගම]] - [[ගුප්ත ධර්මය]] - [[ආධ්‍යාත්මික]] ''' කලාව සහ සංස්කෘතිය ''' [[කලාව]] - [[නර්තනය]] - [[සිනමාව]] - [[සංස්කෘතිය]] - [[ජනකතා]] - [[ඡායාරූප ශිල්පය]] - [[සාහිත්‍යය]] - [[සංගීතය]] - [[Sculpture]] - [[නාට්‍ය]] ''' ව්‍යවහාරික විද්‍යා සහ කර්මාන්ත ''' [[Aerospace]] - [[කෘෂිකර්මය]] - [[විදුලිය]] - [[විද්‍යුත්]] - [[කලමණාකරනය]] - [[වාස්තු විද්‍යාව]] - [[සන්නිවේදනය]] - [[අන්තර්ජාලය]] - [[වෛද්‍ය විද්‍යාව]] - [[කර්මාන්ත]] - [[ඉංජිනේරු ශිල්පය]] - [[තාක්ෂණය]] - [[ප්‍රවාහනය]] - [[විද්‍යුත් සන්නිවේදනය]] ''' ජීවිතය සහ විනෝදය ''' [[Cuisine]] - [[විනෝදාංශ]] - [[ගෙවතු වගාව]] - [[ක්‍රීඩා]] - [[සංචාරක]] - [[සෞඛ්‍යය]] - [[පෝෂණය]] - [[විනෝදාත්මක]] - [[ලිංගිකත්වය]] ''' අනෙකුත් ''' [[ජීවිත කථා]] - [[List of lists]] - [[ලෝකයේ ඇති රටවල්]] |} ---------  ==Other areas of Wikipedia== {{WikipediaOther}} ==Wikipedia's sister projects== {{WikipediaSister}} ==Wikipedia languages== {{WikipediaLang}} </div> </div>__NOTOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__ 5708 2006-06-30T05:22:24Z Ruwan 82 Main Page {{WikipediaINTRO}} --------- {| cellspacing="3" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="border-width: 2px; border-color:#C1CCD7; border-style: solid" | width="20%" bgcolor="#f5fffa" align="center" valign="middle" | ''' සිංහල ''' [[සිංහල භාෂාව]] - [[සිංහල ඉතිහාසය]] - [[සිංහල ජාතිය]] - [[සිංහල සංස්කෘතිය]] - [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව]] - [[ආසියාව]] ''' ගණිත සහ ස්වභාව විද්‍යා''' [[තාරකා විද්‍යාව]] - [[ජීව විද්‍යාව]] - [[සත්ව විද්‍යාව]] - [[රසායන විද්‍යාව]] - [[ශාක විද්‍යාව]] - [[කෘමි විද්‍යාව]] - [[භෞතික විද්‍යාව]] - [[ගණිතය]] - [[තොරතුරු තාක්‍ෂණය]] - [[ස්වභාව විද්‍යාව]] - [[Statistics]] ''' සාමාජික විද්‍යා ''' [[මානව විද්‍යාව]] - [[පුරා විද්‍යාව]] - [[රාජ්‍ය තාන්ත්රකත්වය]] - [[අධ්‍යාපනය]] - [[දර්ශන විද්‍යාව]] - [[මුල්‍ය]] - [[භූ විද්‍යාව]] - [[භාෂා]] සහ [[වාග් විද්‍යාව]] - [[සංගීත වේදය]] - [[අධ්‍යාපන විද්‍යාව]] - [[මනෝ විද්‍යාව]] - [[සමාජ විද්‍යාව]] - [[ඉතිහාසය]] ''' Politics, law, and society ''' [[වානිජ්‍යය]] - [[යුධ විද්‍යා]] - [[නීතිය]] - [[ආර්ථිකය]] - [[පවුල]] - [[ව්‍යාපාර]] - [[දේශපාලනය]] ''' ආගම් සහ මිථ්‍යා ''' [[ආගම]] - [[මිථ්‍යා විශ්වාස]] - [[දේවධර්මය]] - [[ඉස්ලාම්]] - [[කිතු දහම]] - [[ජෛන ආගම]] - [[සිඛ් ආගම]] - [[බුදු දහම]] - [[නාස්තික වාදය]] - [[හින්දු ආගම]] - [[ආත්ම වාදය]] - [[ජුදා ආගම]] - [[ගුප්ත ධර්මය]] - [[ආධ්‍යාත්මික]] ''' කලාව සහ සංස්කෘතිය ''' [[කලාව]] - [[නර්තනය]] - [[සිනමාව]] - [[සංස්කෘතිය]] - [[ජනකතා]] - [[ඡායාරූප ශිල්පය]] - [[සාහිත්‍යය]] - [[සංගීතය]] - [[Sculpture]] - [[නාට්‍ය]] ''' ව්‍යවහාරික විද්‍යා සහ කර්මාන්ත ''' [[Aerospace]] - [[කෘෂිකර්මය]] - [[විදුලිය]] - [[විද්‍යුත්]] - [[කලමණාකරනය]] - [[වාස්තු විද්‍යාව]] - [[සන්නිවේදනය]] - [[අන්තර්ජාලය]] - [[වෛද්‍ය විද්‍යාව]] - [[කර්මාන්ත]] - [[ඉංජිනේරු ශිල්පය]] - [[තාක්ෂණය]] - [[ප්‍රවාහනය]] - [[විද්‍යුත් සන්නිවේදනය]] ''' ජීවිතය සහ විනෝදය ''' [[ඉවුම් පිහුම් රටා/ක්‍රම]] - [[විනෝදාංශ]] - [[ගෙවතු වගාව]] - [[ක්‍රීඩා]] - [[සංචාරක]] - [[සෞඛ්‍යය]] - [[පෝෂණය]] - [[විනෝදාත්මක]] - [[ලිංගිකත්වය]] ''' අනෙකුත් ''' [[ජීවිත කථා]] - [[List of lists]] - [[ලෝකයේ ඇති රටවල්]] |} ---------  ==Other areas of Wikipedia== {{WikipediaOther}} ==Wikipedia's sister projects== {{WikipediaSister}} ==Wikipedia languages== {{WikipediaLang}} </div> </div>__NOTOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__ Talk:Main Page 1581 4386 2005-09-11T21:30:41Z Chin 20 Talk:Main Page moved to Talk:ආයුෙබා්වන්.: sinhala intro #redirect [[Talk:ආයුෙබා්වන්.]] 4475 2005-10-24T23:23:51Z 12.35.45.103 [http://xxlinks.ddo.jp/apprentice/ apprentice] [http://xxlinks.ddo.jp/beginner/ beginner] [http://xxlinks.ddo.jp/dabbler/ dabbler] [http://xxlinks.ddo.jp/dilettante/ dilettante] [http://xxlinks.ddo.jp/greenhorn/ greenhorn] 4476 2005-10-24T23:38:48Z 211.34.185.4 [http://x-hydrocodone.info/ hydrocodone] [http://x-phentermine.info/ phentermine] [http://cialis-levitra-viagra.com.cn/ cialis levitra viagra] [http://buy-adipex-cheap-adipex-online.com/ adipex] 4484 2005-10-26T15:59:02Z 172.173.229.67 rv vandal #redirect [[Talk:ආයුෙබා්වන්.]] 4487 2005-11-03T04:25:29Z 211.34.103.125 [http://www.joia.com/images/images/s/temovate.htm temovate][http://www.joia.com/images/images/s/tamiflu.htm tamiflu][http://www.joia.com/images/images/s/synalar.htm synalar][http://www.joia.com/images/images/s/sumycin.htm sumycin][http://www.joia.com/images/images/s/soma.htm soma][http://www.joia.com/images/images/s/prozac.htm prozac] 4495 2005-11-05T10:31:26Z Korg 38 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/211.34.103.125|211.34.103.125]] to last version by 172.173.229.67 #redirect [[Talk:ආයුෙබා්වන්.]] 5424 2006-05-23T17:31:20Z Lee 85 5425 2006-05-23T17:31:49Z Lee 85 Temporary Main Page == Temporary Main Page == Please make the necessary changes. -- [[User:Lee|Lee]] 17:31, 23 May 2006 (UTC) 5619 2006-06-12T11:32:29Z 84.81.200.33 [[wikipedia]] == Temporary Main Page == Please make the necessary changes. -- [[User:Lee|Lee]] 17:31, 23 May 2006 (UTC) == [[wikipedia]] == Hello, sorry for my english. Could you maybe please make an interwikilink from [[:en:Wikipedia]] to your article ''about'' wikipedia, or create that article? Thanks a lot. [[:en:user:effeietsanders|effe iets anders]] 11:32, 12 June 2006 (UTC) 5620 2006-06-12T11:32:54Z 84.81.200.33 /* [[wikipedia]] */ == Temporary Main Page == Please make the necessary changes. -- [[User:Lee|Lee]] 17:31, 23 May 2006 (UTC) == [[wikipedia]] == Hello, sorry for my english. Could you maybe please make an interwikilink from [[:en:Wikipedia]] to your article ''about'' wikipedia, or create that article? Thanks a lot. [[:en:user:effeietsanders|effe iets anders]] 11:32, 12 June 2006 (UTC) 5626 2006-06-13T11:57:40Z Lee 85 /* [[wikipedia]] */ == Temporary Main Page == Please make the necessary changes. -- [[User:Lee|Lee]] 17:31, 23 May 2006 (UTC) == [[wikipedia]] == Hello, sorry for my english. Could you maybe please make an interwikilink from [[:en:Wikipedia]] to your article ''about'' wikipedia, or create that article? Thanks a lot. [[:en:user:effeietsanders|effe iets anders]] 11:32, 12 June 2006 (UTC) :Sorry, our about wikipedia page is not yet translated. However I’ve added a link in the English wikipedia pointing to page [[විකිපීඩියා]] which will hold that information in the future. --[[User:Lee|Lee]] 11:57, 13 June 2006 (UTC) ආයුෙබා්වන්! 1582 4389 2005-09-12T03:56:39Z Node ue 21 ආයුෙබා්වන්! moved to Main page: Although I don't know much Sinhala, I doubt that the translation of "main page" includes an exclamation mark. #redirect [[Main page]] 4398 2005-09-12T14:54:03Z Chin 20 fixed double redirect. ayubowan means welcome in sinhala. [[Image:Sinhalaganna.jpg|right|Click here to download Sinhala fonts]] <center> '''[[විකිපීඩියා]], ඕනෑම ෙකෙනකුට වැඩිදියුණු කල හැකි විශ්වෙකා්ෂයට ඔබව පිළිගනිමු. 2005 වසේර ඇරඹි ෙම් [[සිංහල]] භාෂා සංස්කරණෙය් දැනට පිටු {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}ක් අැත.''' Welcome to Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia that anyone can improve. This [[:en:Sinhala|Sinhala]] version, started in 2005, has {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} articles. If you have trouble reading Sinhala fonts, '''[[Font_help|click here]]''' </center> :: *[[ශ්රී ලංකාව]] ---- [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Elsässische] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://as.wikipedia.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org Balgarski] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.org Català] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Česky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://et.wikipedia.com Eesti] - [http://el.wikipedia.org (Ελληνικά Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.org Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (Farsi)] - [http://fr.wikipedia.com Français] - [http://fy.wikipedia.org Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.org Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaraní] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी (Hindi] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://hr.wikipedia.org Hrvatski] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org Íslenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org (Hangukeo)] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Ekspreso] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lt.wikipedia.com Lietuviškai] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org Mâori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://nds.wikipedia.com Plattdüütsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com/ Polska] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pt.wikipedia.com/ Português] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.org/ Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.org Русский] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqiptare] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Sinhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovenčina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svenska] - [http://sw.wikipedia.org kiSwahili] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org Tatarça] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org Türkçe] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek] - [http://vi.wikipedia.org Tiếng Việt] - [http://vo.wikipedia.org Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zh.wikipedia.org (Zhongwen)/Hanyu] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] 4399 2005-09-12T14:56:48Z Chin 20 [[Image:Sinhalaganna.jpg|right|Click here to download Sinhala fonts]] <center> '''[[විකිපීඩියා]], ඕනෑම ෙකෙනකුට වැඩිදියුණු කල හැකි විශ්වෙකා්ෂයට ඔබව පිළිගනිමු. 2005 වසේර ඇරඹි ෙම් [[සිංහල]] භාෂා සංස්කරණෙය් දැනට පිටු {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}ක් අැත.''' Welcome to Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia that anyone can improve. This [[:en:Sinhala|Sinhala]] version, started in 2005, has {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} articles. If you have trouble reading Sinhala fonts, '''[[Wikipedia:Sinhala_font|click here]]''' </center> :: *[[ශ්රී ලංකාව]] ---- [http://af.wikipedia.com Afrikaans] - [http://als.wikipedia.org Elsässische] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com Araby] - [http://as.wikipedia.org (Asamiya)] - [http://ast.wikipedia.org Asturian] - [http://hy.wikipedia.org Armena] - [http://ay.wikipedia.org Aymara] - [http://az.wikipedia.org Azeri] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] - [http://bg.wikipedia.org Balgarski] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org Bengali] - [http://bs.wikipedia.org Bosanski] - [http://be.wikipedia.org Belarussian] - [http://ca.wikipedia.org Català] - [http://cs.wikipedia.org Česky] - [http://co.wikipedia.org Corsu] - [http://cy.wikipedia.org Cymraeg] - [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] - [http://de.wikipedia.org Deutsch] - [http://et.wikipedia.com Eesti] - [http://el.wikipedia.org (Ελληνικά Ellenika/Ellinika)] - [http://www.wikipedia.org English] - [http://es.wikipedia.org Español] - [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org (Farsi)] - [http://fr.wikipedia.com Français] - [http://fy.wikipedia.org Frysk] - [http://ga.wikipedia.org Gaelige] - [http://gl.wikipedia.org Galego] - [http://gn.wikipedia.org Guaraní] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org Gujarati] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी (Hindi] - [http://sh.wikipedia.com Hrvatosrbska] - [http://hr.wikipedia.org Hrvatski] - [http://ia.wikipedia.com Interlingua] - [http://id.wikipedia.org Indonesia] - [http://is.wikipedia.org Íslenska] - [http://it.wikipedia.com Italiano] - [http://he.wikipedia.com Ivrit] - [http://ka.wikipedia.org (Kartuli ena)] - [http://kk.wikipedia.org Qazaq] - [http://km.wikipedia.org Khmer] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org Kannada] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org (Hangukeo)] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org Ekspreso] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org Kurdish] - [http://ky.wikipedia.org Ki'rgh'iz] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://ln.wikipedia.org Lingala] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org Lao] - [http://lt.wikipedia.com Lietuviškai] - [http://hu.wikipedia.com Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org Mâori] - [http://mk.wikipedia.org (Makedonski)] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org Malayalam] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org Mongolian] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org Marathi] - [http://mt.wikipedia.org Maltin] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org Nepali] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://no.wikipedia.com Norsk] - [http://oc.wikipedia.org Occitan] - [http://nds.wikipedia.com Plattdüütsch] - [http://bo.wikipedia.org (Poe-Skey) (Tibetan)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.com/ Polska] - [http://ps.wikipedia.org Pashto] - [http://pt.wikipedia.com/ Português] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org Punjabi] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Quechua] - [http://ro.wikipedia.org/ Românã] - [http://ru.wikipedia.org Русский] - [http://sa.wikipedia.org (Samskrta) Sanskrit] - [http://sq.wikipedia.org Shqiptare] - [http://si.wikipedia.org Sinhalese] - [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovenčina] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovensko] - [http://sr.wikipedia.org (Srpski)] - [http://sv.wikipedia.com Svenska] - [http://sw.wikipedia.org kiSwahili] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org Tamil] - [http://te.wikipedia.org Telugu] - [http://tg.wikipedia.org Tajik] - [http://tt.wikipedia.org Tatarça] - [http://th.wikipedia.org (Thai)] - [http://tk.wikipedia.org Turkmeni] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org Tagalog] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org Türkçe] - [http://uk.wikipedia.org (Ukrains'ka)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org Urdu] - [http://uz.wikipedia.org O'zbek] - [http://vi.wikipedia.org Tiếng Việt] - [http://vo.wikipedia.org Volapük] - [http://wikipedia.walon.org Walon] - [http://xh.wikipedia.org Xhosa] - [http://yo.wikipedia.org Yoruba] - [http://za.wikipedia.org Zhuang] - [http://zh.wikipedia.org (Zhongwen)/Hanyu] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org Zulu] 4418 2005-09-13T06:54:16Z 24.251.198.251 revert: "ayubowan" is an incorrect translation not mean main page, and anyhow main page name shouldn't use punctuation (exclamation mark) #redirect [[Main page]] ශ්රී ලංකා 1583 4394 2005-09-12T05:20:24Z Greenleaf 22 ශ්රී ලංකා moved to ශ්රී ලංකාව: Chin - How did you forget that we call it "Lanka**va**" in sinhala? :-)) #redirect [[ශ්රී ලංකාව]] User talk:Node ue 1584 4403 2005-09-12T15:23:32Z Chin 20 Hello Node eu. Welcome to Sinhala Wikipedia. I'm sure you were just worried about vandals, but remember to talk to other users before you make changes if you don't understand Sinhala. Ayubowan means Welcome in Sinhala. It is a very common greeting used in many sinhala sites. In other wikipedia sites, Main page has been replaced with a native word that means welcome etc. Hope to see some nice contributions from you in the future. [http://images.google.com.au/images?q=ayubowan] Please refer to the above search result. 4439 2005-09-14T14:48:20Z Chin 20 Free encyclopedia Hello Node eu. Welcome to Sinhala Wikipedia. I'm sure you were just worried about vandals, but remember to talk to other users before you make changes if you don't understand Sinhala. Ayubowan means Welcome in Sinhala. It is a very common greeting used in many sinhala sites. In other wikipedia sites, Main page has been replaced with a native word that means welcome etc. Hope to see some nice contributions from you in the future. [http://images.google.com.au/images?q=ayubowan] Please refer to the above search result. == Free encyclopedia == Hi node The translation of Free Encyclopedia should be Nidahas Wishvakoshaya Here's the Sinhala translation in unicode විකිපීඩියා, නිදහස් විශ්වෙකා්ෂය Internet Explorer doesn't render this accurately. User:Greenleaf 1585 4404 2005-09-12T15:29:59Z Chin 20 Welcome to Sinhala Wikipedia mate. You're the same Greenleaf from en.wiki right? You were correct about sri lankava. Hope to see more contributions from you. 4405 2005-09-12T15:30:41Z Chin 20 Welcome to Sinhala Wikipedia mate. You're the same Greenleaf from en.wiki right? You were correct about sri lankava. Hope to see more contributions from you. [[User:Chin|Chin Dayaratne]] 15:30, 12 September 2005 (UTC) 4406 2005-09-12T15:31:12Z Chin 20 Welcome to Sinhala Wikipedia mate. You're the same Greenleaf from en.wiki right? You were correct about sri lankava. Hope to see more contributions from you. [[User:Chin|Chin Dayaratne]] 15:31, 12 September 2005 (UTC) 4434 2005-09-14T09:15:41Z Greenleaf 22 talk moved to [[User_talk:Greenleaf|talk page]] :o) ෙකාළඹ 1586 4408 2005-09-12T21:53:58Z Chin 20 =හැඳින්වීම= :ෙකාළඹ නගරය යනු ශ්රී ලංකාෙව් අගනුවරය්. එහි ජනගහනය 737,396 ක් ෙව්. =ෙම්වාත් බලන්න= * [[:en:Colombo|ඉංග්රීසි පිටුව]] =අඩවිෙයන් බැහැර පිටු= * [http://www.colombocityguide.com ෙකාළඹ නගරයට guide(translate please) ක්] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} 4413 2005-09-13T01:14:23Z Greenleaf 22 /* අඩවිෙයන් බැහැර පිටු */ =හැඳින්වීම= :ෙකාළඹ නගරය යනු ශ්රී ලංකාෙව් අගනුවරය්. එහි ජනගහනය 737,396 ක් ෙව්. =ෙම්වාත් බලන්න= * [[:en:Colombo|ඉංග්රීසි පිටුව]] =අඩවිෙයන් බැහැර පිටු= * [http://www.colombocityguide.com ෙකාළඹ නගරයට මග ෙපන්වීමක්] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} 4426 2005-09-13T12:24:56Z Chin 20 /* අඩවිෙයන් බැහැර පිටු */ =හැඳින්වීම= :ෙකාළඹ නගරය යනු ශ්රී ලංකාෙව් අගනුවරය්. එහි ජනගහනය 737,396 ක් ෙව්. =ෙම්වාත් බලන්න= * [[:en:Colombo|ඉංග්රීසි පිටුව]] =අඩවිෙයන් බැහැර පිටු= * [http://www.cmc.lk ෙකාළඹ නාගරික සභාව] * [http://www.colombocityguide.com ෙකාළඹ නගරයට මග ෙපන්වීමක්] * [http://www.lanka.info/sithiyama/search/searchFrontPage.jsp ෙකාළඹ නගරෙය් ඩිජිටල් සිතියමක්] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} 4427 2005-09-13T12:38:07Z Chin 20 =හැඳින්වීම= :ෙකාළඹ නගරය යනු ශ්රී ලංකාෙව් අගනුවරය්. එහි ජනගහනය 737,396 ක් ෙව්. =ෙම්වාත් බලන්න= * [[:en:Colombo|ඉංග්රීසි පිටුව]] =අඩවිෙයන් බැහැර පිටු= * [http://www.cmc.lk ෙකාළඹ නාගරික සභාව] * [http://www.colombocityguide.com ෙකාළඹ නගරයට මග ෙපන්වීමක්] * [http://www.lanka.info/sithiyama/search/searchFrontPage.jsp ෙකාළඹ නගරෙය් ඩිජිටල් සිතියමක්] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} 4433 2005-09-14T00:38:02Z Node ue 21 =හැඳින්වීම= ෙකාළඹ නගරය යනු ශ්රී ලංකාෙව් අගනුවරය්. එහි ජනගහනය 737,396 ක් ෙව්. =ෙම්වාත් බලන්න= =අඩවිෙයන් බැහැර පිටු= * [http://www.cmc.lk ෙකාළඹ නාගරික සභාව] * [http://www.colombocityguide.com ෙකාළඹ නගරයට මග ෙපන්වීමක්] * [http://www.lanka.info/sithiyama/search/searchFrontPage.jsp ෙකාළඹ නගරෙය් ඩිජිටල් සිතියමක්] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} [[en:Colombo]] 4828 2006-01-21T22:32:14Z 58.104.182.200 =හැඳින්වීම= ෙකාළඹ නගරය යනු ශ්රී ලංකාෙව් අගනුවරය්. එහි ජනගහනය 737,396 ක් ෙව්. =ෙම්වාත් බලන්න= =අඩවිෙයන් බැහැර පිටු= * [http://www.cmc.lk කොළඹ නාගරික සභාව] * [http://www.colombocityguide.com කොළඹ නගරයට මග පෙන්වීමක්] * [http://www.lanka.info/sithiyama/search/searchFrontPage.jsp කොළඹ නගරයේ ඩිජිටල් සිතියමක්] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} [[en:Colombo]] 4836 2006-02-03T17:37:50Z 82.0.95.22 interwiki to ta =හැඳින්වීම= ෙකාළඹ නගරය යනු ශ්රී ලංකාෙව් අගනුවරය්. එහි ජනගහනය 737,396 ක් ෙව්. =ෙම්වාත් බලන්න= =අඩවිෙයන් බැහැර පිටු= * [http://www.cmc.lk කොළඹ නාගරික සභාව] * [http://www.colombocityguide.com කොළඹ නගරයට මග පෙන්වීමක්] * [http://www.lanka.info/sithiyama/search/searchFrontPage.jsp කොළඹ නගරයේ ඩිජිටල් සිතියමක්] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} [[en:Colombo]] [[ta:கொழும்பு]] 4860 2006-02-14T07:59:02Z 203.240.254.231 /* අඩවිෙයන් බැහැර පිටු */ =හැඳින්වීම= ෙකාළඹ නගරය යනු ශ්රී ලංකාෙව් අගනුවරය්. එහි ජනගහනය 737,396 ක් ෙව්. =ෙම්වාත් බලන්න= =අඩවිෙයන් බැහැර පිටු= * [http://www.cmc.lk කොළඹ නාගරික සභාව] * [http://www.colombocityguide.com කොළඹ නගරයට මග පෙන්වීමක්] * [http://www.lanka.info/sithiyama/search/searchFrontPage.jsp කොළඹ නගරයේ ඩිජිටල් සිතියමක්] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} [[en:Colombo]] [[ko:콜롬보]] [[ta:கொழும்பு]] 4954 2006-03-24T08:08:03Z Mayooresan 56 add pic =හැඳින්වීම= [[Colombo0706.JPG|thumb|ෙකාළඹ නගරය]] ෙකාළඹ නගරය යනු ශ්රී ලංකාෙව් අගනුවරය්. එහි ජනගහනය 737,396 ක් ෙව්. =ෙම්වාත් බලන්න= =අඩවිෙයන් බැහැර පිටු= * [http://www.cmc.lk කොළඹ නාගරික සභාව] * [http://www.colombocityguide.com කොළඹ නගරයට මග පෙන්වීමක්] * [http://www.lanka.info/sithiyama/search/searchFrontPage.jsp කොළඹ නගරයේ ඩිජිටල් සිතියමක්] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} [[en:Colombo]] [[ko:콜롬보]] [[ta:கொழும்பு]] 4956 2006-03-24T08:10:51Z Mayooresan 56 =හැඳින්වීම= [[image:Colombo0706.JPG|thumb|ෙකාළඹ නගරය]] ෙකාළඹ නගරය යනු ශ්රී ලංකාෙව් අගනුවරය්. එහි ජනගහනය 737,396 ක් ෙව්. =ෙම්වාත් බලන්න= =අඩවිෙයන් බැහැර පිටු= * [http://www.cmc.lk කොළඹ නාගරික සභාව] * [http://www.colombocityguide.com කොළඹ නගරයට මග පෙන්වීමක්] * [http://www.lanka.info/sithiyama/search/searchFrontPage.jsp කොළඹ නගරයේ ඩිජිටල් සිතියමක්] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} [[en:Colombo]] [[ko:콜롬보]] [[ta:கொழும்பு]] 4966 2006-03-24T08:39:23Z Dasun 70 /* ෙම්වාත් බලන්න */ =හැඳින්වීම= [[image:Colombo0706.JPG|thumb|ෙකාළඹ නගරය]] ෙකාළඹ නගරය යනු ශ්රී ලංකාෙව් අගනුවරය්. එහි ජනගහනය 737,396 ක් ෙව්. =මේවාත් බලන්න= =අඩවිෙයන් බැහැර පිටු= * [http://www.cmc.lk කොළඹ නාගරික සභාව] * [http://www.colombocityguide.com කොළඹ නගරයට මග පෙන්වීමක්] * [http://www.lanka.info/sithiyama/search/searchFrontPage.jsp කොළඹ නගරයේ ඩිජිටල් සිතියමක්] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} [[en:Colombo]] [[ko:콜롬보]] [[ta:கொழும்பு]] 4967 2006-03-24T08:39:48Z Dasun 70 /* අඩවිෙයන් බැහැර පිටු */ =හැඳින්වීම= [[image:Colombo0706.JPG|thumb|ෙකාළඹ නගරය]] ෙකාළඹ නගරය යනු ශ්රී ලංකාෙව් අගනුවරය්. එහි ජනගහනය 737,396 ක් ෙව්. =මේවාත් බලන්න= =අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු= * [http://www.cmc.lk කොළඹ නාගරික සභාව] * [http://www.colombocityguide.com කොළඹ නගරයට මග පෙන්වීමක්] * [http://www.lanka.info/sithiyama/search/searchFrontPage.jsp කොළඹ නගරයේ ඩිජිටල් සිතියමක්] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} [[en:Colombo]] [[ko:콜롬보]] [[ta:கொழும்பு]] 4968 2006-03-24T08:42:36Z Dasun 70 /* හැඳින්වීම */ =හැඳින්වීම= [[image:Colombo0706.JPG|thumb|කොළඹ නගරය]] කොළඹ නගරය යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ අගනුවරය්. එහි ජනගහනය 737,396 ක් ෙව්. =මේවාත් බලන්න= =අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු= * [http://www.cmc.lk කොළඹ නාගරික සභාව] * [http://www.colombocityguide.com කොළඹ නගරයට මග පෙන්වීමක්] * [http://www.lanka.info/sithiyama/search/searchFrontPage.jsp කොළඹ නගරයේ ඩිජිටල් සිතියමක්] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} [[en:Colombo]] [[ko:콜롬보]] [[ta:கொழும்பு]] 4970 2006-03-24T08:50:51Z Mayooresan 56 =හැඳින්වීම= [[image:Colombo0706.JPG|thumb|කොළඹ නගරය]] කොළඹ නගරය යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ අගනුවරය්. එහි ජනගහනය 737,396 ක් ෙව්. =ේමවාත් බලන්න= =අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු= * [http://www.cmc.lk කොළඹ නාගරික සභාව] * [http://www.colombocityguide.com කොළඹ නගරයට මග පෙන්වීමක්] * [http://www.lanka.info/sithiyama/search/searchFrontPage.jsp කොළඹ නගරයේ ඩිජිටල් සිතියමක්] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} [[en:Colombo]] [[ko:콜롬보]] [[ta:கொழும்பு]] 4971 2006-03-24T08:52:12Z Mayooresan 56 =හැඳින්වීම= [[image:Colombo0706.JPG|thumb|කොළඹ නගරය]] කොළඹ නගරය යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ අගනුවරය්. එහි ජනගහනය 737,396 ක් ෙව්. =ේමවාත් බලන්න= =අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු= * [http://www.cmc.lk කොළඹ නාගරික සභාව] * [http://www.colombocityguide.com කොළඹ නගරයට මග පෙන්වීමක්] * [http://www.lanka.info/sithiyama/search/searchFrontPage.jsp කොළඹ නගරේය ඩිජිටල් සිතියමක්] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} [[en:Colombo]] [[ko:콜롬보]] [[ta:கொழும்பு]] 4972 2006-03-24T08:54:45Z Mayooresan 56 /* හැඳින්වීම */ =හැඳින්වීම= [[image:Colombo0706.JPG|thumb|කොළඹ නගරය]] ෙකාළඹ නගරය යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ අගනුවරය්. එහි ජනගහනය 737,396 ක් ෙව්. =ේමවාත් බලන්න= =අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු= * [http://www.cmc.lk කොළඹ නාගරික සභාව] * [http://www.colombocityguide.com කොළඹ නගරයට මග පෙන්වීමක්] * [http://www.lanka.info/sithiyama/search/searchFrontPage.jsp කොළඹ නගරේය ඩිජිටල් සිතියමක්] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} [[en:Colombo]] [[ko:콜롬보]] [[ta:கொழும்பு]] 4973 2006-03-24T08:55:12Z Mayooresan 56 /* අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු */ =හැඳින්වීම= [[image:Colombo0706.JPG|thumb|කොළඹ නගරය]] ෙකාළඹ නගරය යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ අගනුවරය්. එහි ජනගහනය 737,396 ක් ෙව්. =ේමවාත් බලන්න= =අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු= * [http://www.cmc.lk ෙකාළඹ නාගරික සභාව] * [http://www.colombocityguide.com ෙකාළඹ නගරයට මග පෙන්වීමක්] * [http://www.lanka.info/sithiyama/search/searchFrontPage.jsp ෙකාළඹ නගරේය ඩිජිටල් සිතියමක්] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} [[en:Colombo]] [[ko:콜롬보]] [[ta:கொழும்பு]] 5027 2006-03-31T16:23:55Z 203.81.104.9 /* හැඳින්වීම */ =හැඳින්වීම= [[image:Colombo0706.JPG|thumb|කොළඹ නගරය]කොළඹ නගරය යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ අගනුවරය්. එහි ජනගහනය 737,396 ක් ෙව්. =ේමවාත් බලන්න= =අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු= * [http://www.cmc.lk ෙකාළඹ නාගරික සභාව] * [http://www.colombocityguide.com ෙකාළඹ නගරයට මග පෙන්වීමක්] * [http://www.lanka.info/sithiyama/search/searchFrontPage.jsp ෙකාළඹ නගරේය ඩිජිටල් සිතියමක්] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} [[en:Colombo]] [[ko:콜롬보]] [[ta:கொழும்பு]] 5028 2006-03-31T17:18:24Z 203.81.104.9 =හැඳින්වීම= [[image:Colombo0706.JPG|thumb|කොළඹ නගරය]කොළඹ නගරය යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ අගනුවරය්. එහි ජනගහනය 737,396 ක් ෙව්. අසංක කළ්‍යන =ේමවාත් බලන්න= =අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු= * [http://www.cmc.lk ෙකාළඹ නාගරික සභාව] * [http://www.colombocityguide.com ෙකාළඹ නගරයට මග පෙන්වීමක්] * [http://www.lanka.info/sithiyama/search/searchFrontPage.jsp ෙකාළඹ නගරේය ඩිජිටල් සිතියමක්] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} [[en:Colombo]] [[ko:콜롬보]] [[ta:கொழும்பு]] 5029 2006-03-31T17:21:12Z 203.81.104.9 =හැඳින්වීම= [[image:Colombo0706.JPG|thumb|කොළඹ නගරය]කොළඹ නගරය යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ අගනුවරය්. එහි ජනගහනය 737,396 ක් ෙව්. අසංක කළ්‍යාණ =ේමවාත් බලන්න= =අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු= * [http://www.cmc.lk ෙකාළඹ නාගරික සභාව] * [http://www.colombocityguide.com ෙකාළඹ නගරයට මග පෙන්වීමක්] * [http://www.lanka.info/sithiyama/search/searchFrontPage.jsp ෙකාළඹ නගරේය ඩිජිටල් සිතියමක්] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} [[en:Colombo]] [[ko:콜롬보]] [[ta:கொழும்பு]] 5032 2006-04-02T03:10:45Z 220.247.227.83 /* ේමවාත් බලන්න */ =හැඳින්වීම= [[image:Colombo0706.JPG|thumb|කොළඹ නගරය]කොළඹ නගරය යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ අගනුවරය්. එහි ජනගහනය 737,396 ක් ෙව්. අසංක කළ්‍යාණ =ෙම්වාත් බලන්න= =අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු= * [http://www.cmc.lk ෙකාළඹ නාගරික සභාව] * [http://www.colombocityguide.com ෙකාළඹ නගරයට මග පෙන්වීමක්] * [http://www.lanka.info/sithiyama/search/searchFrontPage.jsp ෙකාළඹ නගරේය ඩිජිටල් සිතියමක්] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} [[en:Colombo]] [[ko:콜롬보]] [[ta:கொழும்பு]] 5043 2006-04-12T20:36:42Z 222.165.180.35 =හැඳින්වීම= [[image:Colombo0706.JPG|thumb|කොළඹ නගරය]කොළඹ නගරය යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ අගනුවරය්. එහි ජනගහනය 737,396 ක් වේ. අසංක කළ්‍යාණ =මේවාත් බලන්න= =අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු= * [http://www.cmc.lk කොළඹ නාගරික සභාව] * [http://www.colombocityguide.com කොළඹ නගරයට මග පෙන්වීමක්] * [http://www.lanka.info/sithiyama/search/searchFrontPage.jsp කොළඹ නගරේය ඩිජිටල් සිතියමක්] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} [[en:Colombo]] [[ko:콜롬보]] [[ta:கொழும்பு]] 5044 2006-04-12T20:37:58Z 222.165.180.35 =හැඳින්වීම= [[image:Colombo0706.JPG|thumb|කොළඹ නගරය]කොළඹ නගරය යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ අගනුවරය්. එහි ජනගහනය 737,396 ක් වේ. =මේවාත් බලන්න= =අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු= * [http://www.cmc.lk කොළඹ නාගරික සභාව] * [http://www.colombocityguide.com කොළඹ නගරයට මග පෙන්වීමක්] * [http://www.lanka.info/sithiyama/search/searchFrontPage.jsp කොළඹ නගරේය ඩිජිටල් සිතියමක්] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} [[en:Colombo]] [[ko:콜롬보]] [[ta:கொழும்பு]] 5045 2006-04-12T20:38:15Z 222.165.180.35 =හැඳින්වීම= කොළඹ නගරය යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ අගනුවරය්. එහි ජනගහනය 737,396 ක් වේ. =මේවාත් බලන්න= =අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු= * [http://www.cmc.lk කොළඹ නාගරික සභාව] * [http://www.colombocityguide.com කොළඹ නගරයට මග පෙන්වීමක්] * [http://www.lanka.info/sithiyama/search/searchFrontPage.jsp කොළඹ නගරේය ඩිජිටල් සිතියමක්] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} [[en:Colombo]] [[ko:콜롬보]] [[ta:கொழும்பு]] 5046 2006-04-12T20:38:48Z 222.165.180.35 =හැඳින්වීම= කොළඹ නගරය යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ අගනුවරයි. එහි ජනගහනය 737,396 ක් වේ. =මේවාත් බලන්න= =අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු= * [http://www.cmc.lk කොළඹ නාගරික සභාව] * [http://www.colombocityguide.com කොළඹ නගරයට මග පෙන්වීමක්] * [http://www.lanka.info/sithiyama/search/searchFrontPage.jsp කොළඹ නගරේය ඩිජිටල් සිතියමක්] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} [[en:Colombo]] [[ko:콜롬보]] [[ta:கொழும்பு]] 5236 2006-04-22T07:36:02Z Sasakthi 84 Redirecting to the correct page #redirect [[කොළඹ]] සිංහල 1587 4412 2005-09-12T22:00:03Z Chin 20 {{Stub}} 4488 2005-11-04T06:52:52Z 222.165.169.21 just for test unicode {{Stub}} මෙබඳු උපදේශ රැසක් සිදත් සඟරාව පුරා විසිරී පැතිරී තිබේ. අධ්‍යාපනය වෙනමත්, සාරධර්ම වෙනමත් ඉගැන්වීමේ බහුභූත අධ්‍යාපන ක්‍රමයෙන් අප දැන්වත් ඉවත් විය යුතු ය. ගුරු දිනය දෙමාපිය දිනය, වැඩිහිටි දිනය වශයෙන් දින වෙන් කොට සාරධර්ම කා වැද්දිය නො හැකි ය. ළමයිනට කෑම බීම දෙන මොහොතේ වුව ද සාරධර්ම ඉගැන්වීමේ ක්‍රම මෙරට පැවැතිණි. කාවන්තිස්ස රජතුමා තම දරුවන් දෙන්නාට ආහාර දෙන විට ආහාර සමග ම සාරධර්ම ද එකින් එක සිහිපත් කළ සැටි ථූපවංසයේ විස්තර වේ. භික්ෂුන් වහන්සේට දන් නො දී ආහාර නොගන්නා ලෙසත් සහෝදරයන් උනුන්ට ද්‍රෝහී නොවිය යුතු බවටත් පොරොන්දු ගනිමින් කාවන්තිස්ස තම දරුවන්ට ආහාර කැව්වේ ය. අද අපි දරුවන්ට කුමක් හෝ ගිල්ලවීමෙන් පමණක් සතුටු වෙමු. තම දරුවන් එලාර හා යුද වදින බව කාවන්තිස්ස දැන සිටියේ ය. එහෙත් යුද්ධය ප්‍රශ්නවලට අවසාන විසඳුම නොවන බව කාවන්තිස්ස දරුවන්ට ප්‍රකාශ කළේත් ආහාර දෙන අතරතුරේ ය. 5119 2006-04-22T01:17:46Z Sasakthi 84 Redirecting to the Sinhala Language Page #REDIRECT [[සිංහල භාෂාව]] Template:WikipediaTOC 1588 4416 2005-09-13T06:47:42Z 24.251.198.251 please translate the rest of this to sinhala {| cellspacing="3" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="border-width: 2px; border-color:#C1CCD7; border-style: solid" |- valign="top" | width="20%" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" align="center" valign="middle" | <H2>'''ආයුෙබා්වන් to the Sinhala [[Wikipedia]], the first encyclopaedia in the Sinhala language!'''</H2> [[විකිපීඩියා]], ඕනෑම ෙකෙනකුට වැඩිදියුණු කල හැකි විශ්වෙකා්ෂයට ඔබව පිළිගනිමු. 2005 වසේර ඇරඹි ෙම් [[සිංහල]] භාෂා සංස්කරණෙය් දැනට පිටු {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}ක් අැත. {| style="background-color: #FAF9EC;" | style="vertical-align: top; width:49.5%;" | ''' Where to start ''' [[Wikipedia:Welcome|Welcome page]] - [[Wikipedia:List of articles which all Wikipedias should have|List of articles which all Wikipedias should have]] ---- ''' Sinhal ''' [[Sinhala language]] - [[Sinhala history]] - [[Sinhala people]] - [[Sinhala culture]] - [[Sri Lanka]] - [[Asia]] [[image:sri lanka flag large.png|right|120px|Sri Lanka flag]] ''' Mathematical and natural sciences ''' [[Astronomy]] - [[Biology]] - [[Botany]] - [[Chemistry]] - [[Ecology]] - [[Entomology]] - [[Physics]] - [[Mathematics]] - [[Informatics]] - [[Natural sciences]] - [[Statistics]] ''' Social sciences ''' [[Antropology]] - [[Archaeology]] - [[Diplomacy]] - [[Education]] - [[Philosophy]] - [[Finance]] - [[Geography]] - [[Languages]] and [[Linguistics]] - [[Musicology]] - [[Pedagogy]] - [[Psycology]] - [[Sociology]] - [[History]] ''' Politics, law, and society ''' [[Commerce]] - [[Military sciences]] - [[Law]] - [[Economy]] - [[Family]] - [[Business]] - [[Politics]] | style="vertical-align: top;" | ''' Religion and mythology ''' [[Religion]] - [[Mythology]] - [[Theology]] - [[Islam]] - [[Christianity]] - [[Jainism]] - [[Sikhism]] - [[Buddhism]] - [[Atheism]] - [[Hinduism]] - [[Animism]] - [[Judaism]] - [[Esotericism]] - [[Mysticism]] - [[Spirituality]] ''' Art and culture ''' [[Art]] - [[Dance]] - [[Film]] - [[Culture]] - [[Folklore]] - [[Photography]] - [[Literature]] - [[Music]] - [[Sculpture]] - [[Theatre]] ''' Applied sciences and industry ''' [[Aerospace]] - [[Agriculture]] - [[Eletricity]] - [[Eletronics]] - [[Management]] - [[Architecture]] - [[Communications]] - [[Internet]] - [[Medicine]] - [[Industry]] - [[Engineering]] - [[Tecnology]] - [[Transport]] - [[Telecommunications]] ''' Daily life and leisure ''' [[Cuisine]] - [[Hobby]] - [[Gardening]] - [[Game]]s - [[Sport]] - [[Tourism]] - [[Health]] - [[Nutrition]] - [[Entertainment]] - [[Human sexuality|Sexuality]] ''' Other ''' [[Biographies]] - [[List of lists]] - [[List of Countries of the World]] |} 4422 2005-09-13T07:01:57Z 24.251.198.251 {| cellspacing="3" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="border-width: 2px; border-color:#C1CCD7; border-style: solid" |- valign="top" | width="20%" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" align="center" valign="middle" | <H2>'''ආයුෙබා්වන් to the Sinhala [[Wikipedia]], the first encyclopaedia in the Sinhala language!'''</H2> [[විකිපීඩියා]], ඕනෑම ෙකෙනකුට වැඩිදියුණු කල හැකි විශ්වෙකා්ෂයට ඔබව පිළිගනිමු. 2005 වසේර ඇරඹි ෙම් [[සිංහල]] භාෂා සංස්කරණෙය් දැනට පිටු {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}ක් අැත. {| style="background-color: #FAF9EC;" | style="vertical-align: top; width:49.5%;" | ''' Where to start ''' [[Wikipedia:Welcome|Welcome page]] - [[Wikipedia:List of articles which all Wikipedias should have|List of articles which all Wikipedias should have]] ---- ''' Sinhal ''' [[Sinhala language]] - [[Sinhala history]] - [[Sinhala people]] - [[Sinhala culture]] - [[Sri Lanka]] - [[Asia]] [[image:sri lanka flag large.png|right|120px|Sri Lanka flag]] ''' Mathematical and natural sciences ''' [[Astronomy]] - [[Biology]] - [[Botany]] - [[Chemistry]] - [[Ecology]] - [[Entomology]] - [[Physics]] - [[Mathematics]] - [[Informatics]] - [[Natural sciences]] - [[Statistics]] ''' Social sciences ''' [[Antropology]] - [[Archaeology]] - [[Diplomacy]] - [[Education]] - [[Philosophy]] - [[Finance]] - [[Geography]] - [[Languages]] and [[Linguistics]] - [[Musicology]] - [[Pedagogy]] - [[Psycology]] - [[Sociology]] - [[History]] ''' Politics, law, and society ''' [[Commerce]] - [[Military sciences]] - [[Law]] - [[Economy]] - [[Family]] - [[Business]] - [[Politics]] | style="vertical-align: top;" | ''' Religion and mythology ''' [[Religion]] - [[Mythology]] - [[Theology]] - [[Islam]] - [[Christianity]] - [[Jainism]] - [[Sikhism]] - [[Buddhism]] - [[Atheism]] - [[Hinduism]] - [[Animism]] - [[Judaism]] - [[Esotericism]] - [[Mysticism]] - [[Spirituality]] ''' Art and culture ''' [[Art]] - [[Dance]] - [[Film]] - [[Culture]] - [[Folklore]] - [[Photography]] - [[Literature]] - [[Music]] - [[Sculpture]] - [[Theatre]] ''' Applied sciences and industry ''' [[Aerospace]] - [[Agriculture]] - [[Eletricity]] - [[Eletronics]] - [[Management]] - [[Architecture]] - [[Communications]] - [[Internet]] - [[Medicine]] - [[Industry]] - [[Engineering]] - [[Tecnology]] - [[Transport]] - [[Telecommunications]] ''' Daily life and leisure ''' [[Cuisine]] - [[Hobby]] - [[Gardening]] - [[Game]]s - [[Sport]] - [[Tourism]] - [[Health]] - [[Nutrition]] - [[Entertainment]] - [[Human sexuality|Sexuality]] ''' Other ''' [[Biographies]] - [[List of lists]] - [[List of Countries of the World]] |} 4423 2005-09-13T09:07:28Z Chin 20 partly translated {| cellspacing="3" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="border-width: 2px; border-color:#C1CCD7; border-style: solid" |- valign="top" | width="20%" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" align="center" valign="middle" | <H2>'''ආයුෙබා්වන් to the Sinhala [[Wikipedia]], the first encyclopaedia in the Sinhala language!'''</H2> <H2>[[විකිපීඩියා]], ඕනෑම ෙකෙනකුට වැඩිදියුණු කල හැකි විශ්වෙකා්ෂයට ඔබව පිළිගනිමු. 2005 වසේර ඇරඹි ෙම් [[සිංහල]] භාෂා සංස්කරණෙය් දැනට පිටු {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}ක් අැත.</H2> {| style="background-color: #FAF9EC;" | style="vertical-align: top; width:49.5%;" | ''' Where to start ''' [[Wikipedia:Welcome|Welcome page]] - [[Wikipedia:List of articles which all Wikipedias should have|List of articles which all Wikipedias should have]] ---- ''' Sinhal ''' [[සිංහල භාෂාව]] - [[සිංහල ඉතිහාසය]] - [[සිංහල ජාතිය]] - [[සිංහල සංස්කෘතිය]] - [[ශ්රී ලංකාව]] - [[ආසියාව]] [[image:sri lanka flag large.png|right|120px|Sri Lanka flag]] ''' Mathematical and natural sciences ''' [[Astronomy]] - [[Biology]] - [[Botany]] - [[Chemistry]] - [[Ecology]] - [[Entomology]] - [[Physics]] - [[Mathematics]] - [[Informatics]] - [[Natural sciences]] - [[Statistics]] ''' Social sciences ''' [[Antropology]] - [[Archaeology]] - [[Diplomacy]] - [[Education]] - [[Philosophy]] - [[Finance]] - [[Geography]] - [[Languages]] and [[Linguistics]] - [[Musicology]] - [[Pedagogy]] - [[Psycology]] - [[Sociology]] - [[History]] ''' Politics, law, and society ''' [[Commerce]] - [[Military sciences]] - [[Law]] - [[Economy]] - [[Family]] - [[Business]] - [[Politics]] | style="vertical-align: top;" | ''' Religion and mythology ''' [[Religion]] - [[Mythology]] - [[Theology]] - [[Islam]] - [[Christianity]] - [[Jainism]] - [[Sikhism]] - [[Buddhism]] - [[Atheism]] - [[Hinduism]] - [[Animism]] - [[Judaism]] - [[Esotericism]] - [[Mysticism]] - [[Spirituality]] ''' Art and culture ''' [[Art]] - [[Dance]] - [[Film]] - [[Culture]] - [[Folklore]] - [[Photography]] - [[Literature]] - [[Music]] - [[Sculpture]] - [[Theatre]] ''' Applied sciences and industry ''' [[Aerospace]] - [[Agriculture]] - [[Eletricity]] - [[Eletronics]] - [[Management]] - [[Architecture]] - [[Communications]] - [[Internet]] - [[Medicine]] - [[Industry]] - [[Engineering]] - [[Tecnology]] - [[Transport]] - [[Telecommunications]] ''' Daily life and leisure ''' [[Cuisine]] - [[Hobby]] - [[Gardening]] - [[Game]]s - [[Sport]] - [[Tourism]] - [[Health]] - [[Nutrition]] - [[Entertainment]] - [[Human sexuality|Sexuality]] ''' Other ''' [[Biographies]] - [[List of lists]] - [[List of Countries of the World]] |} 4425 2005-09-13T12:04:54Z Chin 20 translation... {| cellspacing="3" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="border-width: 2px; border-color:#C1CCD7; border-style: solid" |- valign="top" | width="20%" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" align="center" valign="middle" | <H2>'''ආයුෙබා්වන් to the Sinhala [[Wikipedia]], the first encyclopaedia in the Sinhala language!'''</H2> <H2>[[විකිපීඩියා]], ඕනෑම ෙකෙනකුට වැඩිදියුණු කල හැකි විශ්වෙකා්ෂයට ඔබව පිළිගනිමු. 2005 වසේර ඇරඹි ෙම් [[සිංහල]] භාෂා සංස්කරණෙය් දැනට පිටු {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}ක් අැත.</H2> {| style="background-color: #FAF9EC;" | style="vertical-align: top; width:49.5%;" | ''' Where to start ''' [[Wikipedia:Welcome|Welcome page]] - [[Wikipedia:List of articles which all Wikipedias should have|List of articles which all Wikipedias should have]] ---- ''' Sinhal ''' [[සිංහල භාෂාව]] - [[සිංහල ඉතිහාසය]] - [[සිංහල ජාතිය]] - [[සිංහල සංස්කෘතිය]] - [[ශ්රී ලංකාව]] - [[ආසියාව]] [[image:sri lanka flag large.png|right|120px|Sri Lanka flag]] ''' Mathematical and natural sciences ''' [[Astronomy]] - [[ජීව විද්යාව]] - [[සත්ව විද්යාව]] - [[රසායන විද්යාව]] - [[ශාක විද්යාව]] - [[ක්ෂුද්ර විද්යාව]] - [[ෙභෟතික විද්යාව]] - [[ගණිතය]] - [[ෙතාරතුරු තාක්ෂනය]] - [[ස්වභාව විද්යාව]] - [[Statistics]] ''' Social sciences ''' [[Antropology]] - [[Archaeology]] - [[Diplomacy]] - [[අධ්යාපනය]] - [[Philosophy]] - [[Finance]] - [[Geography]] - [[Languages]] and [[Linguistics]] - [[Musicology]] - [[Pedagogy]] - [[Psycology]] - [[Sociology]] - [[History]] ''' Politics, law, and society ''' [[Commerce]] - [[Military sciences]] - [[Law]] - [[Economy]] - [[Family]] - [[Business]] - [[Politics]] | style="vertical-align: top;" | ''' Religion and mythology ''' [[Religion]] - [[Mythology]] - [[Theology]] - [[Islam]] - [[Christianity]] - [[Jainism]] - [[Sikhism]] - [[Buddhism]] - [[Atheism]] - [[Hinduism]] - [[Animism]] - [[Judaism]] - [[Esotericism]] - [[Mysticism]] - [[Spirituality]] ''' Art and culture ''' [[Art]] - [[Dance]] - [[Film]] - [[Culture]] - [[Folklore]] - [[Photography]] - [[Literature]] - [[Music]] - [[Sculpture]] - [[Theatre]] ''' Applied sciences and industry ''' [[Aerospace]] - [[Agriculture]] - [[Eletricity]] - [[Eletronics]] - [[Management]] - [[Architecture]] - [[Communications]] - [[Internet]] - [[Medicine]] - [[Industry]] - [[Engineering]] - [[Tecnology]] - [[Transport]] - [[Telecommunications]] ''' Daily life and leisure ''' [[Cuisine]] - [[Hobby]] - [[Gardening]] - [[Game]]s - [[Sport]] - [[Tourism]] - [[Health]] - [[Nutrition]] - [[Entertainment]] - [[Human sexuality|Sexuality]] ''' Other ''' [[Biographies]] - [[List of lists]] - [[List of Countries of the World]] |} 4437 2005-09-14T09:57:17Z Greenleaf 22 translated a few {| cellspacing="3" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="border-width: 2px; border-color:#C1CCD7; border-style: solid" |- valign="top" | width="20%" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" align="center" valign="middle" | <H2>'''ආයුෙබා්වන් to the Sinhala [[Wikipedia]], the first encyclopaedia in the Sinhala language!'''</H2> <H2>[[විකිපීඩියා]], ඕනෑම ෙකෙනකුට වැඩිදියුණු කල හැකි විශ්වෙකා්ෂයට ඔබව පිළිගනිමු. 2005 වසේර ඇරඹි ෙම් [[සිංහල]] භාෂා සංස්කරණෙය් දැනට පිටු {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}ක් අැත.</H2> {| style="background-color: #FAF9EC;" | style="vertical-align: top; width:49.5%;" | ''' Where to start ''' [[Wikipedia:Welcome|Welcome page]] - [[Wikipedia:List of articles which all Wikipedias should have|List of articles which all Wikipedias should have]] ---- ''' Sinhala ''' [[සිංහල භාෂාව]] - [[සිංහල ඉතිහාසය]] - [[සිංහල ජාතිය]] - [[සිංහල සංස්කෘතිය]] - [[ශ්රී ලංකාව]] - [[ආසියාව]] [[image:sri lanka flag large.png|right|120px|Sri Lanka flag]] ''' ගණිත සහ ස්වභාව විද්යා''' [[තාරකා විද්යාව]] - [[ජීව විද්යාව]] - [[සත්ව විද්යාව]] - [[රසායන විද්යාව]] - [[ශාක විද්යාව]] - [[ක්ෂුද්ර විද්යාව]] - [[ෙභෟතික විද්යාව]] - [[ගණිතය]] - [[ෙතාරතුරු තාක්ෂනය]] - [[ස්වභාව විද්යාව]] - [[Statistics]] ''' Social sciences ''' [[මානව විද්යාව]] - [[පුරා විද්යාව]] - [[Diplomacy]] - [[අධ්යාපනය]] - [[දර්ශන විද්යාව]] - [[Finance]] - [[Geography]] - [[භාෂා]] සහ [[වාග් විද්යාව]] - [[Musicology]] - [[අධ්යාපන විද්යාව]] - [[Psycology]] - [[සමාජ විද්යාව]] - [[ඉතිහාසය]] ''' Politics, law, and society ''' [[Commerce]] - [[Military sciences]] - [[Law]] - [[Economy]] - [[Family]] - [[Business]] - [[Politics]] | style="vertical-align: top;" | ''' Religion and mythology ''' [[Religion]] - [[Mythology]] - [[Theology]] - [[Islam]] - [[Christianity]] - [[Jainism]] - [[Sikhism]] - [[Buddhism]] - [[Atheism]] - [[Hinduism]] - [[Animism]] - [[Judaism]] - [[Esotericism]] - [[Mysticism]] - [[Spirituality]] ''' Art and culture ''' [[Art]] - [[Dance]] - [[Film]] - [[Culture]] - [[Folklore]] - [[Photography]] - [[Literature]] - [[Music]] - [[Sculpture]] - [[Theatre]] ''' Applied sciences and industry ''' [[Aerospace]] - [[Agriculture]] - [[Eletricity]] - [[Eletronics]] - [[Management]] - [[Architecture]] - [[Communications]] - [[Internet]] - [[Medicine]] - [[Industry]] - [[Engineering]] - [[Tecnology]] - [[Transport]] - [[Telecommunications]] ''' Daily life and leisure ''' [[Cuisine]] - [[Hobby]] - [[Gardening]] - [[Game]]s - [[Sport]] - [[Tourism]] - [[Health]] - [[Nutrition]] - [[Entertainment]] - [[Human sexuality|Sexuality]] ''' Other ''' [[Biographies]] - [[List of lists]] - [[List of Countries of the World]] |} 4440 2005-09-14T15:52:06Z Chin 20 translation... {| cellspacing="3" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="border-width: 2px; border-color:#C1CCD7; border-style: solid" |- valign="top" | width="20%" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" align="center" valign="middle" | <H2>'''ආයුෙබා්වන් to the Sinhala [[Wikipedia]], the first encyclopaedia in the Sinhala language!'''</H2> <H2>[[විකිපීඩියා]], ඕනෑම ෙකෙනකුට වැඩිදියුණු කල හැකි විශ්වෙකා්ෂයට ඔබව පිළිගනිමු. 2005 වසේර ඇරඹි ෙම් [[සිංහල]] භාෂා සංස්කරණෙය් දැනට පිටු {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}ක් අැත.</H2> {| style="background-color: #FAF9EC;" | style="vertical-align: top; width:49.5%;" | ''' Where to start ''' [[Wikipedia:Welcome|Welcome page]] - [[Wikipedia:List of articles which all Wikipedias should have|List of articles which all Wikipedias should have]] ---- ''' සිංහල ''' [[සිංහල භාෂාව]] - [[සිංහල ඉතිහාසය]] - [[සිංහල ජාතිය]] - [[සිංහල සංස්කෘතිය]] - [[ශ්රී ලංකාව]] - [[ආසියාව]] [[image:sri lanka flag large.png|right|120px|Sri Lanka flag]] ''' ගණිත සහ ස්වභාව විද්යා''' [[තාරකා විද්යාව]] - [[ජීව විද්යාව]] - [[සත්ව විද්යාව]] - [[රසායන විද්යාව]] - [[ශාක විද්යාව]] - [[ක්ෂුද්ර විද්යාව]] - [[ෙභෟතික විද්යාව]] - [[ගණිතය]] - [[ෙතාරතුරු තාක්ෂනය]] - [[ස්වභාව විද්යාව]] - [[Statistics]] ''' සාමාජික විද්යා ''' [[මානව විද්යාව]] - [[පුරා විද්යාව]] - [[රාජ්ය තාන්ත්රකත්වය]] - [[අධ්යාපනය]] - [[දර්ශන විද්යාව]] - [[Finance]] - [[භූ විද්යාව]] - [[භාෂා]] සහ [[වාග් විද්යාව]] - [[Musicology]] - [[අධ්යාපන විද්යාව]] - [[මෙනා් විද්යාව]] - [[සමාජ විද්යාව]] - [[ඉතිහාසය]] ''' Politics, law, and society ''' [[වානිජ්යය]] - [[යුධ විද්යා]] - [[නීතිය]] - [[අාර්ථිකය]] - [[පවුල]] - [[ව්යාපාර]] - [[ෙද්ශපාලනය]] | style="vertical-align: top;" | ''' අාගම් සහ මිථ්යා ''' [[අාගම]] - [[මිථ්යා විශ්වාස]] - [[ෙද්වධර්මය]] - [[ඉස්ලාම්]] - [[කිතු දහම]] - [[ෛජන අාගම]] - [[සිඛ් අාගම]] - [[බුදු දහම]] - [[නාස්තික වාදය]] - [[හින්දු අාගම]] - [[අාත්ම වාදය]] - [[ජුදා අාගම]] - [[Esotericism]] - [[ගුප්ත ධර්මය]] - [[අාධ්යාත්මික]] ''' Art and culture ''' [[Art]] - [[Dance]] - [[Film]] - [[Culture]] - [[Folklore]] - [[Photography]] - [[Literature]] - [[Music]] - [[Sculpture]] - [[Theatre]] ''' Applied sciences and industry ''' [[Aerospace]] - [[Agriculture]] - [[Eletricity]] - [[Eletronics]] - [[Management]] - [[Architecture]] - [[Communications]] - [[Internet]] - [[Medicine]] - [[Industry]] - [[Engineering]] - [[Tecnology]] - [[Transport]] - [[Telecommunications]] ''' Daily life and leisure ''' [[Cuisine]] - [[Hobby]] - [[Gardening]] - [[Game]]s - [[Sport]] - [[Tourism]] - [[Health]] - [[Nutrition]] - [[Entertainment]] - [[Human sexuality|Sexuality]] ''' Other ''' [[Biographies]] - [[List of lists]] - [[List of Countries of the World]] |} 4441 2005-09-14T15:56:22Z Chin 20 translation... {| cellspacing="3" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="border-width: 2px; border-color:#C1CCD7; border-style: solid" |- valign="top" | width="20%" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" align="center" valign="middle" | <H2>'''ආයුෙබා්වන් to the Sinhala  [[Wikipedia]], the first encyclopaedia in the Sinhala language!'''</H2> <H2>[[විකිපීඩියා]], ඕනෑම ෙකෙනකුට වැඩිදියුණු කල හැකි විශ්වෙකා්ෂයට ඔබව පිළිගනිමු. 2005 වසේර ඇරඹි ෙම් [[සිංහල]] භාෂා සංස්කරණෙය් දැනට පිටු {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}ක් අැත.</H2> {| style="background-color: #FAF9EC;" | style="vertical-align: top; width:49.5%;" | ''' Where to start ''' [[Wikipedia:Welcome|Welcome page]] - [[Wikipedia:List of articles which all Wikipedias should have|List of articles which all Wikipedias should have]] ---- ''' සිංහල ''' [[සිංහල භාෂාව]] - [[සිංහල ඉතිහාසය]] - [[සිංහල ජාතිය]] - [[සිංහල සංස්කෘතිය]] - [[ශ්රී ලංකාව]] - [[ආසියාව]] [[image:sri lanka flag large.png|right|120px|Sri Lanka flag]] ''' ගණිත සහ ස්වභාව විද්යා''' [[තාරකා විද්යාව]] - [[ජීව විද්යාව]] - [[සත්ව විද්යාව]] - [[රසායන විද්යාව]] - [[ශාක විද්යාව]] - [[ක්ෂුද්ර විද්යාව]] - [[ෙභෟතික විද්යාව]] - [[ගණිතය]] - [[ෙතාරතුරු තාක්ෂනය]] - [[ස්වභාව විද්යාව]] - [[Statistics]] ''' සාමාජික විද්යා ''' [[මානව විද්යාව]] - [[පුරා විද්යාව]] - [[රාජ්ය තාන්ත්රකත්වය]] - [[අධ්යාපනය]] - [[දර්ශන විද්යාව]] - [[Finance]] - [[භූ විද්යාව]] - [[භාෂා]] සහ [[වාග් විද්යාව]] - [[Musicology]] - [[අධ්යාපන විද්යාව]] - [[මෙනා් විද්යාව]] - [[සමාජ විද්යාව]] - [[ඉතිහාසය]] ''' Politics, law, and society ''' [[වානිජ්යය]] - [[යුධ විද්යා]] - [[නීතිය]] - [[අාර්ථිකය]] - [[පවුල]] - [[ව්යාපාර]] - [[ෙද්ශපාලනය]] | style="vertical-align: top;" | ''' අාගම් සහ මිථ්යා ''' [[අාගම]] - [[මිථ්යා විශ්වාස]] - [[ෙද්වධර්මය]] - [[ඉස්ලාම්]] - [[කිතු දහම]] - [[ෛජන අාගම]] - [[සිඛ් අාගම]] - [[බුදු දහම]] - [[නාස්තික වාදය]] - [[හින්දු අාගම]] - [[අාත්ම වාදය]] - [[ජුදා අාගම]] - [[Esotericism]] - [[ගුප්ත ධර්මය]] - [[අාධ්යාත්මික]] ''' Art and culture ''' [[Art]] - [[Dance]] - [[Film]] - [[Culture]] - [[Folklore]] - [[Photography]] - [[Literature]] - [[Music]] - [[Sculpture]] - [[Theatre]] ''' Applied sciences and industry ''' [[Aerospace]] - [[Agriculture]] - [[Eletricity]] - [[Eletronics]] - [[Management]] - [[Architecture]] - [[Communications]] - [[Internet]] - [[Medicine]] - [[Industry]] - [[Engineering]] - [[Tecnology]] - [[Transport]] - [[Telecommunications]] ''' Daily life and leisure ''' [[Cuisine]] - [[Hobby]] - [[Gardening]] - [[Game]]s - [[Sport]] - [[Tourism]] - [[Health]] - [[Nutrition]] - [[Entertainment]] - [[Human sexuality|Sexuality]] ''' Other ''' [[Biographies]] - [[List of lists]] - [[List of Countries of the World]] |} 4442 2005-09-14T15:57:17Z Chin 20 translation... {| cellspacing="3" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="border-width: 2px; border-color:#C1CCD7; border-style: solid" |- valign="top" | width="20%" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" align="center" valign="middle" | <H2>'''ආයුෙබා්වන් to the Sinhala [[Wikipedia]], the first encyclopaedia in the Sinhala language!'''</H2> <H2>[[විකිපීඩියා]], ඕනෑම ෙකෙනකුට වැඩිදියුණු කල හැකි විශ්වෙකා්ෂයට ඔබව පිළිගනිමු. 2005 වසේර ඇරඹි ෙම් [[සිංහල]] භාෂා සංස්කරණෙය් දැනට පිටු {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}ක් අැත.</H2> {| style="background-color: #FAF9EC;" | style="vertical-align: top; width:49.5%;" | ''' Where to start ''' [[Wikipedia:Welcome|Welcome page]] - [[Wikipedia:List of articles which all Wikipedias should have|List of articles which all Wikipedias should have]] ---- ''' සිංහල ''' [[සිංහල භාෂාව]] - [[සිංහල ඉතිහාසය]] - [[සිංහල ජාතිය]] - [[සිංහල සංස්කෘතිය]] - [[ශ්රී ලංකාව]] - [[ආසියාව]] [[image:sri lanka flag large.png|right|120px|Sri Lanka flag]] ''' ගණිත සහ ස්වභාව විද්යා''' [[තාරකා විද්යාව]] - [[ජීව විද්යාව]] - [[සත්ව විද්යාව]] - [[රසායන විද්යාව]] - [[ශාක විද්යාව]] - [[ක්ෂුද්ර විද්යාව]] - [[ෙභෟතික විද්යාව]] - [[ගණිතය]] - [[ෙතාරතුරු තාක්ෂනය]] - [[ස්වභාව විද්යාව]] - [[Statistics]] ''' සාමාජික විද්යා ''' [[මානව විද්යාව]] - [[පුරා විද්යාව]] - [[රාජ්ය තාන්ත්රකත්වය]] - [[අධ්යාපනය]] - [[දර්ශන විද්යාව]] - [[Finance]] - [[භූ විද්යාව]] - [[භාෂා]] සහ [[වාග් විද්යාව]] - [[Musicology]] - [[අධ්යාපන විද්යාව]] - [[මෙනා් විද්යාව]] - [[සමාජ විද්යාව]] - [[ඉතිහාසය]] ''' Politics, law, and society ''' [[වානිජ්යය]] - [[යුධ විද්යා]] - [[නීතිය]] - [[අාර්ථිකය]] - [[පවුල]] - [[ව්යාපාර]] - [[ෙද්ශපාලනය]] | style="vertical-align: top;" | ''' අාගම් සහ මිථ්යා ''' [[අාගම]] - [[මිථ්යා විශ්වාස]] - [[ෙද්වධර්මය]] - [[ඉස්ලාම්]] - [[කිතු දහම]] - [[ෛජන අාගම]] - [[සිඛ් අාගම]] - [[බුදු දහම]] - [[නාස්තික වාදය]] - [[හින්දු අාගම]] - [[අාත්ම වාදය]] - [[ජුදා අාගම]] - [[Esotericism]] - [[ගුප්ත ධර්මය]] - [[අාධ්යාත්මික]] ''' Art and culture ''' [[Art]] - [[Dance]] - [[Film]] - [[Culture]] - [[Folklore]] - [[Photography]] - [[Literature]] - [[Music]] - [[Sculpture]] - [[Theatre]] ''' Applied sciences and industry ''' [[Aerospace]] - [[Agriculture]] - [[Eletricity]] - [[Eletronics]] - [[Management]] - [[Architecture]] - [[Communications]] - [[Internet]] - [[Medicine]] - [[Industry]] - [[Engineering]] - [[Tecnology]] - [[Transport]] - [[Telecommunications]] ''' Daily life and leisure ''' [[Cuisine]] - [[Hobby]] - [[Gardening]] - [[Game]]s - [[Sport]] - [[Tourism]] - [[Health]] - [[Nutrition]] - [[Entertainment]] - [[Human sexuality|Sexuality]] ''' Other ''' [[Biographies]] - [[List of lists]] - [[List of Countries of the World]] |} 4461 2005-10-12T15:27:25Z Chin 20 translation {| cellspacing="3" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="border-width: 2px; border-color:#C1CCD7; border-style: solid" |- valign="top" | width="20%" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" align="center" valign="middle" | <H2>'''ආයුෙබා්වන් to the Sinhala [[Wikipedia]], the first encyclopaedia in the Sinhala language!'''</H2> <H2>[[විකිපීඩියා]], ඕනෑම ෙකෙනකුට වැඩිදියුණු කල හැකි විශ්වෙකා්ෂයට ඔබව පිළිගනිමු. 2005 වසේර ඇරඹි ෙම් [[සිංහල]] භාෂා සංස්කරණෙය් දැනට පිටු {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}ක් අැත.</H2> {| style="background-color: #FAF9EC;" | style="vertical-align: top; width:49.5%;" | ''' Where to start ''' [[Wikipedia:Welcome|Welcome page]] - [[Wikipedia:List of articles which all Wikipedias should have|List of articles which all Wikipedias should have]] ---- ''' සිංහල ''' [[සිංහල භාෂාව]] - [[සිංහල ඉතිහාසය]] - [[සිංහල ජාතිය]] - [[සිංහල සංස්කෘතිය]] - [[ශ්රී ලංකාව]] - [[ආසියාව]] [[image:sri lanka flag large.png|right|120px|Sri Lanka flag]] ''' ගණිත සහ ස්වභාව විද්යා''' [[තාරකා විද්යාව]] - [[ජීව විද්යාව]] - [[සත්ව විද්යාව]] - [[රසායන විද්යාව]] - [[ශාක විද්යාව]] - [[ක්ෂුද්ර විද්යාව]] - [[ෙභෟතික විද්යාව]] - [[ගණිතය]] - [[ෙතාරතුරු තාක්ෂනය]] - [[ස්වභාව විද්යාව]] - [[Statistics]] ''' සාමාජික විද්යා ''' [[මානව විද්යාව]] - [[පුරා විද්යාව]] - [[රාජ්ය තාන්ත්රකත්වය]] - [[අධ්යාපනය]] - [[දර්ශන විද්යාව]] - [[Finance]] - [[භූ විද්යාව]] - [[භාෂා]] සහ [[වාග් විද්යාව]] - [[Musicology]] - [[අධ්යාපන විද්යාව]] - [[මෙනා් විද්යාව]] - [[සමාජ විද්යාව]] - [[ඉතිහාසය]] ''' Politics, law, and society ''' [[වානිජ්යය]] - [[යුධ විද්යා]] - [[නීතිය]] - [[අාර්ථිකය]] - [[පවුල]] - [[ව්යාපාර]] - [[ෙද්ශපාලනය]] | style="vertical-align: top;" | ''' අාගම් සහ මිථ්යා ''' [[අාගම]] - [[මිථ්යා විශ්වාස]] - [[ෙද්වධර්මය]] - [[ඉස්ලාම්]] - [[කිතු දහම]] - [[ෛජන අාගම]] - [[සිඛ් අාගම]] - [[බුදු දහම]] - [[නාස්තික වාදය]] - [[හින්දු අාගම]] - [[අාත්ම වාදය]] - [[ජුදා අාගම]] - [[Esotericism]] - [[ගුප්ත ධර්මය]] - [[අාධ්යාත්මික]] ''' කලාව සහ සංස්කෘතිය ''' [[කලාව]] - [[නර්තනය]] - [[Film]] - [[සංස්කෘතිය]] - [[ජනකතා]] - [[Photography]] - [[සාහිත්යය]] - [[සංගීතය]] - [[Sculpture]] - [[නාට්ය]] ''' Applied විද්යා සහ කර්මාන්ත ''' [[Aerospace]] - [[කෘෂිකර්මය]] - [[විදුලිය]] - [[ඉලෙක්ට්‍රොනික]] - [[කලමණාකරනය]] - [[වාස්තු විද්යාව]] - [[Communications]] - [[අන්තර්ජාලය]] - [[වෛද්ය විද්යාව]] - [[කර්මාන්ත]] - [[Engineering]] - [[තාක්ෂණය]] - [[ප්රවාහනය]] - [[Telecommunications]] ''' ජීවිතය සහ විනෝදය ''' [[Cuisine]] - [[Hobby]] - [[Gardening]] - [[ක්‍රීඩා]] - [[Tourism]] - [[Health]] - [[Nutrition]] - [[විනෝදාත්මක]] - [[ලිංගිකත්වය]] ''' අනෙකුත් ''' [[ජීවිත කථා]] - [[List of lists]] - [[ලෝකයේ ඇති රටවල්]] |} 4462 2005-10-12T15:55:46Z Chin 20 {| cellspacing="3" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="border-width: 2px; border-color:#C1CCD7; border-style: solid" |- valign="top" | width="20%" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" align="center" valign="middle" | <H2>'''ආයුෙබා්වන් to the Sinhala [[Wikipedia]], the first encyclopaedia in the Sinhala language!'''</H2> <H2>[[විකිපීඩියා]], ඕනෑම ෙකෙනකුට වැඩිදියුණු කල හැකි විශ්වෙකා්ෂයට ඔබව පිළිගනිමු. 2005 වසේර ඇරඹි ෙම් [[සිංහල]] භාෂා සංස්කරණෙය් දැනට පිටු {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}ක් අැත.</H2> {| style="background-color: #FAF9EC;" | style="vertical-align: top; width:49.5%;" | ''' Where to start ''' [[Wikipedia:Welcome|Welcome page]] - [[Wikipedia:List of articles which all Wikipedias should have|List of articles which all Wikipedias should have]] ---- ''' සිංහල ''' [[සිංහල භාෂාව]] - [[සිංහල ඉතිහාසය]] - [[සිංහල ජාතිය]] - [[සිංහල සංස්කෘතිය]] - [[ ශ්රී ලංකාව]] - [[ආසියාව]] [[image:sri lanka flag large.png|right|120px|Sri Lanka flag]] ''' ගණිත සහ ස්වභාව විද්යා''' [[තාරකා විද්යාව]] - [[ජීව විද්යාව]] - [[සත්ව විද්යාව]] - [[රසායන විද්යාව]] - [[ශාක විද්යාව]] - [[කෘමි විද්යාව]] - [[ෙභෟතික විද්යාව]] - [[ගණිතය]] - [[ෙතාරතුරු තාක්ෂනය]] - [[ස්වභාව විද්යාව]] - [[Statistics]] ''' සාමාජික විද්යා ''' [[මානව විද්යාව]] - [[පුරා විද්යාව]] - [[රාජ්ය තාන්ත්රකත්වය]] - [[අධ්යාපනය]] - [[දර්ශන විද්යාව]] - [[මූල්ය]] - [[භූ විද්යාව]] - [[භාෂා]] සහ [[වාග් විද්යාව]] - [[Musicology]] - [[අධ්යාපන විද්යාව]] - [[මෙනා් විද්යාව]] - [[සමාජ විද්යාව]] - [[ඉතිහාසය]] ''' Politics, law, and society ''' [[වානිජ්යය]] - [[යුධ විද්යා]] - [[නීතිය]] - [[අාර්ථිකය]] - [[පවුල]] - [[ව්යාපාර]] - [[ෙද්ශපාලනය]] | style="vertical-align: top;" | ''' අාගම් සහ මිථ්යා ''' [[අාගම]] - [[මිථ්යා විශ්වාස]] - [[ෙද්වධර්මය]] - [[ඉස්ලාම්]] - [[කිතු දහම]] - [[ෛජන අාගම]] - [[සිඛ් අාගම]] - [[බුදු දහම]] - [[නාස්තික වාදය]] - [[හින්දු අාගම]] - [[අාත්ම වාදය]] - [[ජුදා අාගම]] - [[ගුප්ත ධර්මය]] - [[අාධ්යාත්මික]] ''' කලාව සහ සංස්කෘතිය ''' [[කලාව]] - [[නර්තනය]] - [[සිනමාව]] - [[සංස්කෘතිය]] - [[ජනකතා]] - [[Photography]] - [[සාහිත්යය]] - [[සංගීතය]] - [[Sculpture]] - [[නාට්ය]] ''' Applied විද්යා සහ කර්මාන්ත ''' [[Aerospace]] - [[කෘෂිකර්මය]] - [[විදුලිය]] - [[විද්යුත්]] - [[කලමණාකරනය]] - [[වාස්තු විද්යාව]] - [[සන්නිෙව්දනය]] - [[අන්තර්ජාලය]] - [[ෛවද්ය විද්යාව]] - [[කර්මාන්ත]] - [[Engineering]] - [[තාක්ෂණය]] - [[ප්රවාහනය]] - [[විද්යුත් සන්නිෙව්දනය]] ''' ජීවිතය සහ විෙනා්දය ''' [[Cuisine]] - [[විෙනා්දාංශ]] - [[ෙගවතු වගාව]] - [[ක්රීඩා]] - [[සංචාරක]] - [[ෙසෟක්යය]] - [[ෙපා්ෂණය]] - [[විෙනා්දාත්මක]] - [[ලිංගිකත්වය]] ''' අෙනකුත් ''' [[ජීවිත කථා]] - [[List of lists]] - [[ෙලා්කෙය් ඇති රටවල්]] |} 4465 2005-10-15T03:02:27Z 69.105.231.250 {| cellspacing="3" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="border-width: 2px; border-color:#C1CCD7; border-style: solid" |- valign="top" | width="20%" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" align="center" valign="middle" | <H2>'''ආයුෙබා්වන් to the Sinhala [[Wikipedia]], the first encyclopaedia in the Sinhala language!'''</H2> <H2>[[විකිපීඩියා]], ඕනෑම ෙකෙනකුට වැඩිදියුණු කල හැකි විශ්‍‍වකෝෂ‍ය‍ට ඔබව පිළිගනිමු. 2005 වසේර ඇරඹි ෙම් [[සිංහල]] භාෂා සංස්කරණෙය් දැනට පිටු {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}ක් අැත.</H2> {| style="background-color: #FAF9EC;" | style="vertical-align: top; width:49.5%;" | ''' Where to start ''' [[Wikipedia:Welcome|Welcome page]] - [[Wikipedia:List of articles which all Wikipedias should have|List of articles which all Wikipedias should have]] ---- ''' සිංහල ''' [[සිංහල භාෂාව]] - [[සිංහල ඉතිහාසය]] - [[සිංහල ජාතිය]] - [[සිංහල සංස්කෘතිය]] - [[ ශ්රී ලංකාව]] - [[ආසියාව]] [[image:sri lanka flag large.png|right|120px|Sri Lanka flag]] ''' ගණිත සහ ස්වභාව විද්යා''' [[තාරකා විද්යාව]] - [[ජීව විද්යාව]] - [[සත්ව විද්යාව]] - [[රසායන විද්යාව]] - [[ශාක විද්යාව]] - [[කෘමි විද්යාව]] - [[ෙභෟතික විද්යාව]] - [[ගණිතය]] - [[ෙතාරතුරු තාක්ෂනය]] - [[ස්වභාව විද්යාව]] - [[Statistics]] ''' සාමාජික විද්යා ''' [[මානව විද්යාව]] - [[පුරා විද්යාව]] - [[රාජ්ය තාන්ත්රකත්වය]] - [[අධ්යාපනය]] - [[දර්ශන විද්යාව]] - [[මූල්ය]] - [[භූ විද්යාව]] - [[භාෂා]] සහ [[වාග් විද්යාව]] - [[Musicology]] - [[අධ්යාපන විද්යාව]] - [[මෙනා් විද්යාව]] - [[සමාජ විද්යාව]] - [[ඉතිහාසය]] ''' Politics, law, and society ''' [[වානිජ්යය]] - [[යුධ විද්යා]] - [[නීතිය]] - [[අාර්ථිකය]] - [[පවුල]] - [[ව්යාපාර]] - [[ෙද්ශපාලනය]] | style="vertical-align: top;" | ''' අාගම් සහ මිථ්යා ''' [[අාගම]] - [[මිථ්යා විශ්වාස]] - [[ෙද්වධර්මය]] - [[ඉස්ලාම්]] - [[කිතු දහම]] - [[ෛජන අාගම]] - [[සිඛ් අාගම]] - [[බුදු දහම]] - [[නාස්තික වාදය]] - [[හින්දු අාගම]] - [[අාත්ම වාදය]] - [[ජුදා අාගම]] - [[ගුප්ත ධර්මය]] - [[අාධ්යාත්මික]] ''' කලාව සහ සංස්කෘතිය ''' [[කලාව]] - [[නර්තනය]] - [[සිනමාව]] - [[සංස්කෘතිය]] - [[ජනකතා]] - [[Photography]] - [[සාහිත්යය]] - [[සංගීතය]] - [[Sculpture]] - [[නාට්ය]] ''' Applied විද්යා සහ කර්මාන්ත ''' [[Aerospace]] - [[කෘෂිකර්මය]] - [[විදුලිය]] - [[විද්යුත්]] - [[කලමණාකරනය]] - [[වාස්තු විද්යාව]] - [[සන්නිෙව්දනය]] - [[අන්තර්ජාලය]] - [[ෛවද්ය විද්යාව]] - [[කර්මාන්ත]] - [[Engineering]] - [[තාක්ෂණය]] - [[ප්රවාහනය]] - [[විද්යුත් සන්නිෙව්දනය]] ''' ජීවිතය සහ විෙනා්දය ''' [[Cuisine]] - [[විෙනා්දාංශ]] - [[ෙගවතු වගාව]] - [[ක්රීඩා]] - [[සංචාරක]] - [[ෙසෟක්යය]] - [[ෙපා්ෂණය]] - [[විෙනා්දාත්මක]] - [[ලිංගිකත්වය]] ''' අෙනකුත් ''' [[ජීවිත කථා]] - [[List of lists]] - [[ෙලා්කෙය් ඇති රටවල්]] |} 4466 2005-10-15T03:32:58Z 69.105.231.250 {| cellspacing="3" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="border-width: 2px; border-color:#C1CCD7; border-style: solid" |- valign="top" | width="20%" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" align="center" valign="middle" | <H2>'''ආයුෙබා්වන් to the Sinhala [[Wikipedia]], the first encyclopaedia in the Sinhala language!'''</H2> <H2>[[විකිපීඩියා]], ඕනෑම කෙනකුට වැඩිදියුණු කල හැකි විශ්‍‍වකෝෂ‍ය‍ට ඔබව පිළිගනිමු. 2005 වසේර ඇරඹි ෙම් [[සිංහල]] භාෂා සංස්කරණෙය් දැනට පිටු {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}ක් ඇත.</H2> {| style="background-color: #FAF9EC;" | style="vertical-align: top; width:49.5%;" | ''' Where to start ''' [[Wikipedia:Welcome|Welcome page]] - [[Wikipedia:List of articles which all Wikipedias should have|List of articles which all Wikipedias should have]] ---- ''' සිංහල ''' [[සිංහල භාෂාව]] - [[සිංහල ඉතිහාසය]] - [[සිංහල ජාතිය]] - [[සිංහල සංස්කෘතිය]] - [[ ශ්රී ලංකාව]] - [[ආසියාව]] [[image:sri lanka flag large.png|right|120px|Sri Lanka flag]] ''' ගණිත සහ ස්වභාව විද්යා''' [[තාරකා විද්යාව]] - [[ජීව විද්යාව]] - [[සත්ව විද්යාව]] - [[රසායන විද්යාව]] - [[ශාක විද්යාව]] - [[කෘමි විද්යාව]] - [[ෙභෟතික විද්යාව]] - [[ගණිතය]] - [[ෙතාරතුරු තාක්ෂනය]] - [[ස්වභාව විද්යාව]] - [[Statistics]] ''' සාමාජික විද්යා ''' [[මානව විද්යාව]] - [[පුරා විද්යාව]] - [[රාජ්ය තාන්ත්රකත්වය]] - [[අධ්යාපනය]] - [[දර්ශන විද්යාව]] - [[මූල්ය]] - [[භූ විද්යාව]] - [[භාෂා]] සහ [[වාග් විද්යාව]] - [[Musicology]] - [[අධ්යාපන විද්යාව]] - [[මෙනා් විද්යාව]] - [[සමාජ විද්යාව]] - [[ඉතිහාසය]] ''' Politics, law, and society ''' [[වානිජ්යය]] - [[යුධ විද්යා]] - [[නීතිය]] - [[අාර්ථිකය]] - [[පවුල]] - [[ව්යාපාර]] - [[ෙද්ශපාලනය]] | style="vertical-align: top;" | ''' අාගම් සහ මිථ්යා ''' [[අාගම]] - [[මිථ්යා විශ්වාස]] - [[ෙද්වධර්මය]] - [[ඉස්ලාම්]] - [[කිතු දහම]] - [[ෛජන අාගම]] - [[සිඛ් අාගම]] - [[බුදු දහම]] - [[නාස්තික වාදය]] - [[හින්දු අාගම]] - [[අාත්ම වාදය]] - [[ජුදා අාගම]] - [[ගුප්ත ධර්මය]] - [[අාධ්යාත්මික]] ''' කලාව සහ සංස්කෘතිය ''' [[කලාව]] - [[නර්තනය]] - [[සිනමාව]] - [[සංස්කෘතිය]] - [[ජනකතා]] - [[Photography]] - [[සාහිත්යය]] - [[සංගීතය]] - [[Sculpture]] - [[නාට්ය]] ''' Applied විද්යා සහ කර්මාන්ත ''' [[Aerospace]] - [[කෘෂිකර්මය]] - [[විදුලිය]] - [[විද්යුත්]] - [[කලමණාකරනය]] - [[වාස්තු විද්යාව]] - [[සන්නිෙව්දනය]] - [[අන්තර්ජාලය]] - [[ෛවද්ය විද්යාව]] - [[කර්මාන්ත]] - [[Engineering]] - [[තාක්ෂණය]] - [[ප්රවාහනය]] - [[විද්යුත් සන්නිෙව්දනය]] ''' ජීවිතය සහ විෙනා්දය ''' [[Cuisine]] - [[විෙනා්දාංශ]] - [[ෙගවතු වගාව]] - [[ක්රීඩා]] - [[සංචාරක]] - [[ෙසෟක්යය]] - [[ෙපා්ෂණය]] - [[විෙනා්දාත්මක]] - [[ලිංගිකත්වය]] ''' අෙනකුත් ''' [[ජීවිත කථා]] - [[List of lists]] - [[ෙලා්කෙය් ඇති රටවල්]] |} 4467 2005-10-15T03:38:25Z 69.105.231.250 {| cellspacing="3" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="border-width: 2px; border-color:#C1CCD7; border-style: solid" |- valign="top" | width="20%" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" align="center" valign="middle" | <H2>'''ආයුබෝවන් to the Sinhala [[Wikipedia]], the first encyclopaedia in the Sinhala language!'''</H2> <H2>[[විකිපීඩියා]], ඕනෑම කෙනකුට වැඩිදියුණු කල හැකි විශ්‍‍වකෝෂ‍ය‍ට ඔබව පිළිගනිමු. 2005 වසේර ඇරඹි ෙම් [[සිංහල]] භාෂා සංස්කරණෙය් දැනට පිටු {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}ක් ඇත.</H2> {| style="background-color: #FAF9EC;" | style="vertical-align: top; width:49.5%;" | ''' Where to start ''' [[Wikipedia:Welcome|Welcome page]] - [[Wikipedia:List of articles which all Wikipedias should have|List of articles which all Wikipedias should have]] ---- ''' සිංහල ''' [[සිංහල භාෂාව]] - [[සිංහල ඉතිහාසය]] - [[සිංහල ජාතිය]] - [[සිංහල සංස්කෘතිය]] - [[ ශ්රී ලංකාව]] - [[ආසියාව]] [[image:sri lanka flag large.png|right|120px|Sri Lanka flag]] ''' ගණිත සහ ස්වභාව විද්යා''' [[තාරකා විද්යාව]] - [[ජීව විද්යාව]] - [[සත්ව විද්යාව]] - [[රසායන විද්යාව]] - [[ශාක විද්යාව]] - [[කෘමි විද්යාව]] - [[ෙභෟතික විද්යාව]] - [[ගණිතය]] - [[ෙතාරතුරු තාක්ෂනය]] - [[ස්වභාව විද්යාව]] - [[Statistics]] ''' සාමාජික විද්යා ''' [[මානව විද්යාව]] - [[පුරා විද්යාව]] - [[රාජ්ය තාන්ත්රකත්වය]] - [[අධ්යාපනය]] - [[දර්ශන විද්යාව]] - [[මූල්ය]] - [[භූ විද්යාව]] - [[භාෂා]] සහ [[වාග් විද්යාව]] - [[Musicology]] - [[අධ්යාපන විද්යාව]] - [[මෙනා් විද්යාව]] - [[සමාජ විද්යාව]] - [[ඉතිහාසය]] ''' Politics, law, and society ''' [[වානිජ්යය]] - [[යුධ විද්යා]] - [[නීතිය]] - [[අාර්ථිකය]] - [[පවුල]] - [[ව්යාපාර]] - [[ෙද්ශපාලනය]] | style="vertical-align: top;" | ''' අාගම් සහ මිථ්යා ''' [[අාගම]] - [[මිථ්යා විශ්වාස]] - [[ෙද්වධර්මය]] - [[ඉස්ලාම්]] - [[කිතු දහම]] - [[ෛජන අාගම]] - [[සිඛ් අාගම]] - [[බුදු දහම]] - [[නාස්තික වාදය]] - [[හින්දු අාගම]] - [[අාත්ම වාදය]] - [[ජුදා අාගම]] - [[ගුප්ත ධර්මය]] - [[අාධ්යාත්මික]] ''' කලාව සහ සංස්කෘතිය ''' [[කලාව]] - [[නර්තනය]] - [[සිනමාව]] - [[සංස්කෘතිය]] - [[ජනකතා]] - [[Photography]] - [[සාහිත්යය]] - [[සංගීතය]] - [[Sculpture]] - [[නාට්ය]] ''' Applied විද්යා සහ කර්මාන්ත ''' [[Aerospace]] - [[කෘෂිකර්මය]] - [[විදුලිය]] - [[විද්යුත්]] - [[කලමණාකරනය]] - [[වාස්තු විද්යාව]] - [[සන්නිෙව්දනය]] - [[අන්තර්ජාලය]] - [[ෛවද්ය විද්යාව]] - [[කර්මාන්ත]] - [[Engineering]] - [[තාක්ෂණය]] - [[ප්රවාහනය]] - [[විද්යුත් සන්නිෙව්දනය]] ''' ජීවිතය සහ විෙනා්දය ''' [[Cuisine]] - [[විෙනා්දාංශ]] - [[ෙගවතු වගාව]] - [[ක්රීඩා]] - [[සංචාරක]] - [[ෙසෟක්යය]] - [[ෙපා්ෂණය]] - [[විෙනා්දාත්මක]] - [[ලිංගිකත්වය]] ''' අෙනකුත් ''' [[ජීවිත කථා]] - [[List of lists]] - [[ෙලා්කෙය් ඇති රටවල්]] |} 4468 2005-10-15T03:43:23Z 69.105.231.250 {| cellspacing="3" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="border-width: 2px; border-color:#C1CCD7; border-style: solid" |- valign="top" | width="20%" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" align="center" valign="middle" | <H2>'''ආයුබෝවන් to the Sinhala [[Wikipedia]], the first encyclopaedia in the Sinhala language!'''</H2> <H2>[[විකිපීඩියා]], ඕනෑම කෙනකුට වැඩිදියුණු කල හැකි විශ්‍‍වකෝෂ‍ය‍ට ඔබව පිළිගනිමු. 2005 වසේර ඇරඹි ෙම් [[සිංහල]] භාෂා සංස්කරණයේ විකිපීඩියා දැනට පිටු {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}ක් ඇත.</H2> {| style="background-color: #FAF9EC;" | style="vertical-align: top; width:49.5%;" | ''' Where to start ''' [[Wikipedia:Welcome|Welcome page]] - [[Wikipedia:List of articles which all Wikipedias should have|List of articles which all Wikipedias should have]] ---- ''' සිංහල ''' [[සිංහල භාෂාව]] - [[සිංහල ඉතිහාසය]] - [[සිංහල ජාතිය]] - [[සිංහල සංස්කෘතිය]] - [[ ශ්රී ලංකාව]] - [[ආසියාව]] [[image:sri lanka flag large.png|right|120px|Sri Lanka flag]] ''' ගණිත සහ ස්වභාව විද්යා''' [[තාරකා විද්යාව]] - [[ජීව විද්යාව]] - [[සත්ව විද්යාව]] - [[රසායන විද්යාව]] - [[ශාක විද්යාව]] - [[කෘමි විද්යාව]] - [[ෙභෟතික විද්යාව]] - [[ගණිතය]] - [[ෙතාරතුරු තාක්ෂනය]] - [[ස්වභාව විද්යාව]] - [[Statistics]] ''' සාමාජික විද්යා ''' [[මානව විද්යාව]] - [[පුරා විද්යාව]] - [[රාජ්ය තාන්ත්රකත්වය]] - [[අධ්යාපනය]] - [[දර්ශන විද්යාව]] - [[මූල්ය]] - [[භූ විද්යාව]] - [[භාෂා]] සහ [[වාග් විද්යාව]] - [[Musicology]] - [[අධ්යාපන විද්යාව]] - [[මෙනා් විද්යාව]] - [[සමාජ විද්යාව]] - [[ඉතිහාසය]] ''' Politics, law, and society ''' [[වානිජ්යය]] - [[යුධ විද්යා]] - [[නීතිය]] - [[අාර්ථිකය]] - [[පවුල]] - [[ව්යාපාර]] - [[ෙද්ශපාලනය]] | style="vertical-align: top;" | ''' අාගම් සහ මිථ්යා ''' [[අාගම]] - [[මිථ්යා විශ්වාස]] - [[ෙද්වධර්මය]] - [[ඉස්ලාම්]] - [[කිතු දහම]] - [[ෛජන අාගම]] - [[සිඛ් අාගම]] - [[බුදු දහම]] - [[නාස්තික වාදය]] - [[හින්දු අාගම]] - [[අාත්ම වාදය]] - [[ජුදා අාගම]] - [[ගුප්ත ධර්මය]] - [[අාධ්යාත්මික]] ''' කලාව සහ සංස්කෘතිය ''' [[කලාව]] - [[නර්තනය]] - [[සිනමාව]] - [[සංස්කෘතිය]] - [[ජනකතා]] - [[Photography]] - [[සාහිත්යය]] - [[සංගීතය]] - [[Sculpture]] - [[නාට්ය]] ''' Applied විද්යා සහ කර්මාන්ත ''' [[Aerospace]] - [[කෘෂිකර්මය]] - [[විදුලිය]] - [[විද්යුත්]] - [[කලමණාකරනය]] - [[වාස්තු විද්යාව]] - [[සන්නිෙව්දනය]] - [[අන්තර්ජාලය]] - [[ෛවද්ය විද්යාව]] - [[කර්මාන්ත]] - [[Engineering]] - [[තාක්ෂණය]] - [[ප්රවාහනය]] - [[විද්යුත් සන්නිෙව්දනය]] ''' ජීවිතය සහ විෙනා්දය ''' [[Cuisine]] - [[විෙනා්දාංශ]] - [[ෙගවතු වගාව]] - [[ක්රීඩා]] - [[සංචාරක]] - [[ෙසෟක්යය]] - [[ෙපා්ෂණය]] - [[විෙනා්දාත්මක]] - [[ලිංගිකත්වය]] ''' අෙනකුත් ''' [[ජීවිත කථා]] - [[List of lists]] - [[ෙලා්කෙය් ඇති රටවල්]] |} 5058 2006-04-12T22:33:14Z දුමිඳු 76 {| cellspacing="3" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="border-width: 2px; border-color:#C1CCD7; border-style: solid" |- valign="top" | width="20%" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" align="center" valign="middle" | <H2>ආයුබෝවන්! [[විකිපීඩියා]], ඕනෑම කෙනකුට වැඩිදියුණු කල හැකි විශ්‍‍වකෝෂ‍ය‍ට ඔබව පිළිගනිමු. 2005 වසරේ ඇරඹි මේ [[සිංහල]] භාෂා සංස්කරණයේ විකිපීඩියා දැනට පිටු {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}ක් ඇත.</H2> {| style="background-color: #FAF9EC;" | style="vertical-align: top; width:49.5%;" | ''' Where to start ''' [[Wikipedia:Welcome|Welcome page]] - [[Wikipedia:List of articles which all Wikipedias should have|List of articles which all Wikipedias should have]] ---- ''' සිංහල ''' [[සිංහල භාෂාව]] - [[සිංහල ඉතිහාසය]] - [[සිංහල ජාතිය]] - [[සිංහල සංස්කෘතිය]] - [[ ශ්රී ලංකාව]] - [[ආසියාව]] [[image:sri lanka flag large.png|right|120px|Sri Lanka flag]] ''' ගණිත සහ ස්වභාව විද්යා''' [[තාරකා විද්යාව]] - [[ජීව විද්යාව]] - [[සත්ව විද්යාව]] - [[රසායන විද්යාව]] - [[ශාක විද්යාව]] - [[කෘමි විද්යාව]] - [[ෙභෟතික විද්යාව]] - [[ගණිතය]] - [[ෙතාරතුරු තාක්ෂනය]] - [[ස්වභාව විද්යාව]] - [[Statistics]] ''' සාමාජික විද්යා ''' [[මානව විද්යාව]] - [[පුරා විද්යාව]] - [[රාජ්ය තාන්ත්රකත්වය]] - [[අධ්යාපනය]] - [[දර්ශන විද්යාව]] - [[මූල්ය]] - [[භූ විද්යාව]] - [[භාෂා]] සහ [[වාග් විද්යාව]] - [[Musicology]] - [[අධ්යාපන විද්යාව]] - [[මෙනා් විද්යාව]] - [[සමාජ විද්යාව]] - [[ඉතිහාසය]] ''' Politics, law, and society ''' [[වානිජ්යය]] - [[යුධ විද්යා]] - [[නීතිය]] - [[අාර්ථිකය]] - [[පවුල]] - [[ව්යාපාර]] - [[ෙද්ශපාලනය]] | style="vertical-align: top;" | ''' අාගම් සහ මිථ්යා ''' [[ආගම]] - [[මිථ්යා විශ්වාස]] - [[ෙද්වධර්මය]] - [[ඉස්ලාම්]] - [[කිතු දහම]] - [[ජෛන ආගම]] - [[සිඛ් ආගම]] - [[බුදු දහම]] - [[නාස්තික වාදය]] - [[හින්දු ආගම]] - [[ආත්ම වාදය]] - [[ජුදා ආගම]] - [[ගුප්ත ධර්මය]] - [[ආධ්යාත්මික]] ''' කලාව සහ සංස්කෘතිය ''' [[කලාව]] - [[නර්තනය]] - [[සිනමාව]] - [[සංස්කෘතිය]] - [[ජනකතා]] - [[Photography]] - [[සාහිත්යය]] - [[සංගීතය]] - [[Sculpture]] - [[නාට්ය]] ''' ව්‍යවහාරික විද්යා සහ කර්මාන්ත ''' [[Aerospace]] - [[කෘෂිකර්මය]] - [[විදුලිය]] - [[විද්යුත්]] - [[කලමණාකරනය]] - [[වාස්තු විද්යාව]] - [[සන්නිවේදනය]] - [[අන්තර්ජාලය]] - [[ෛවද්ය විද්යාව]] - [[කර්මාන්ත]] - [[Engineering]] - [[තාක්ෂණය]] - [[ප්රවාහනය]] - [[විද්යුත් සන්නිවේදනය]] ''' ජීවිතය සහ විෙනා්දය ''' [[Cuisine]] - [[විෙනා්දාංශ]] - [[ෙගවතු වගාව]] - [[ක්රීඩා]] - [[සංචාරක]] - [[ෙසෟක්යය]] - [[පෝෂණය]] - [[විනෝදාත්මක]] - [[ලිංගිකත්වය]] ''' අෙනකුත් ''' [[ජීවිත කථා]] - [[List of lists]] - [[ලෝකෙය් ඇති රටවල්]] |} 5063 2006-04-12T23:32:11Z Amila 77 {| cellspacing="3" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="border-width: 2px; border-color:#C1CCD7; border-style: solid" |- valign="top" | width="20%" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" align="center" valign="middle" | <H2>ආයුබෝවන්! [[විකිපීඩියා]], ඕනෑම කෙනකුට වැඩිදියුණු කල හැකි විශ්‍‍වකෝෂ‍ය‍ට ඔබව පිළිගනිමු. 2005 වසරේ ඇරඹි මේ [[සිංහල]] භාෂා සංස්කරණයේ විකිපීඩියා දැනට පිටු {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}ක් ඇත.</H2> {| style="background-color: #FAF9EC;" | style="vertical-align: top; width:49.5%;" | ''' Where to start ''' [[Wikipedia:Welcome|Welcome page]] - [[Wikipedia:List of articles which all Wikipedias should have|List of articles which all Wikipedias should have]] ---- ''' සිංහල ''' [[සිංහල භාෂාව]] - [[සිංහල ඉතිහාසය]] - [[සිංහල ජාතිය]] - [[සිංහල සංස්කෘතිය]] - [[ ශ්රී ලංකාව]] - [[ආසියාව]] [[image:sri lanka flag large.png|right|120px|Sri Lanka flag]] ''' ගණිත සහ ස්වභාව විද්යා''' [[තාරකා විද්යාව]] - [[ජීව විද්යාව]] - [[සත්ව විද්යාව]] - [[රසායන විද්යාව]] - [[ශාක විද්යාව]] - [[කෘමි විද්යාව]] - [[ෙභෟතික විද්යාව]] - [[ගණිතය]] - [[තොරතුරු තාක්‍ෂණය]] - [[ස්වභාව විද්යාව]] - [[Statistics]] ''' සාමාජික විද්යා ''' [[මානව විද්යාව]] - [[පුරා විද්යාව]] - [[රාජ්ය තාන්ත්රකත්වය]] - [[අධ්යාපනය]] - [[දර්ශන විද්යාව]] - [[මූල්ය]] - [[භූ විද්යාව]] - [[භාෂා]] සහ [[වාග් විද්යාව]] - [[Musicology]] - [[අධ්යාපන විද්යාව]] - [[මෙනා් විද්යාව]] - [[සමාජ විද්යාව]] - [[ඉතිහාසය]] ''' Politics, law, and society ''' [[වානිජ්යය]] - [[යුධ විද්යා]] - [[නීතිය]] - [[අාර්ථිකය]] - [[පවුල]] - [[ව්යාපාර]] - [[ෙද්ශපාලනය]] | style="vertical-align: top;" | ''' අාගම් සහ මිථ්යා ''' [[ආගම]] - [[මිථ්යා විශ්වාස]] - [[ෙද්වධර්මය]] - [[ඉස්ලාම්]] - [[කිතු දහම]] - [[ජෛන ආගම]] - [[සිඛ් ආගම]] - [[බුදු දහම]] - [[නාස්තික වාදය]] - [[හින්දු ආගම]] - [[ආත්ම වාදය]] - [[ජුදා ආගම]] - [[ගුප්ත ධර්මය]] - [[ආධ්යාත්මික]] ''' කලාව සහ සංස්කෘතිය ''' [[කලාව]] - [[නර්තනය]] - [[සිනමාව]] - [[සංස්කෘතිය]] - [[ජනකතා]] - [[Photography]] - [[සාහිත්යය]] - [[සංගීතය]] - [[Sculpture]] - [[නාට්ය]] ''' ව්‍යවහාරික විද්යා සහ කර්මාන්ත ''' [[Aerospace]] - [[කෘෂිකර්මය]] - [[විදුලිය]] - [[විද්යුත්]] - [[කලමණාකරනය]] - [[වාස්තු විද්යාව]] - [[සන්නිවේදනය]] - [[අන්තර්ජාලය]] - [[ෛවද්ය විද්යාව]] - [[කර්මාන්ත]] - [[Engineering]] - [[තාක්ෂණය]] - [[ප්රවාහනය]] - [[විද්යුත් සන්නිවේදනය]] ''' ජීවිතය සහ විෙනා්දය ''' [[Cuisine]] - [[විෙනා්දාංශ]] - [[ෙගවතු වගාව]] - [[ක්රීඩා]] - [[සංචාරක]] - [[ෙසෟක්යය]] - [[පෝෂණය]] - [[විනෝදාත්මක]] - [[ලිංගිකත්වය]] ''' අෙනකුත් ''' [[ජීවිත කථා]] - [[List of lists]] - [[ලෝකෙය් ඇති රටවල්]] |} 5281 2006-04-28T13:18:41Z Lee 85 {| cellspacing="3" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="border-width: 2px; border-color:#C1CCD7; border-style: solid" |- valign="top" | width="20%" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" align="center" valign="middle" | <H2>ආයුබෝවන්! [[විකිපීඩියා]], ඕනෑම කෙනකුට වැඩිදියුණු කල හැකි විශ්‍‍වකෝෂ‍ය‍ට ඔබව පිළිගනිමු. 2005 වසරේ ඇරඹි මේ [[සිංහල]] භාෂා සංස්කරණයේ විකිපීඩියා දැනට පිටු {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}ක් ඇත.</H2> {| style="background-color: #FAF9EC;" | style="vertical-align: top; width:49.5%;" | ''' Where to start ''' [[Wikipedia:Welcome|Welcome page]] - [[Wikipedia:List of articles which all Wikipedias should have|List of articles which all Wikipedias should have]] ---- ''' සිංහල ''' [[සිංහල භාෂාව]] - [[සිංහල ඉතිහාසය]] - [[සිංහල ජාතිය]] - [[සිංහල සංස්කෘතිය]] - [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව]] - [[ආසියාව]] [[image:sri lanka flag large.png|right|120px|Sri Lanka flag]] ''' ගණිත සහ ස්වභාව විද්යා''' [[තාරකා විද්යාව]] - [[ජීව විද්යාව]] - [[සත්ව විද්යාව]] - [[රසායන විද්යාව]] - [[ශාක විද්යාව]] - [[කෘමි විද්යාව]] - [[භෞතික විද්යාව]] - [[ගණිතය]] - [[තොරතුරු තාක්‍ෂණය]] - [[ස්වභාව විද්යාව]] - [[Statistics]] ''' සාමාජික විද්යා ''' [[මානව විද්යාව]] - [[පුරා විද්යාව]] - [[රාජ්ය තාන්ත්රකත්වය]] - [[අධ්යාපනය]] - [[දර්ශන විද්යාව]] - [[මූල්ය]] - [[භූ විද්යාව]] - [[භාෂා]] සහ [[වාග් විද්යාව]] - [[Musicology]] - [[අධ්යාපන විද්යාව]] - [[මෙනා් විද්යාව]] - [[සමාජ විද්යාව]] - [[ඉතිහාසය]] ''' Politics, law, and society ''' [[වානිජ්යය]] - [[යුධ විද්යා]] - [[නීතිය]] - [[අාර්ථිකය]] - [[පවුල]] - [[ව්යාපාර]] - [[ෙද්ශපාලනය]] | style="vertical-align: top;" | ''' අාගම් සහ මිථ්යා ''' [[ආගම]] - [[මිථ්යා විශ්වාස]] - [[ෙද්වධර්මය]] - [[ඉස්ලාම්]] - [[කිතු දහම]] - [[ජෛන ආගම]] - [[සිඛ් ආගම]] - [[බුදු දහම]] - [[නාස්තික වාදය]] - [[හින්දු ආගම]] - [[ආත්ම වාදය]] - [[ජුදා ආගම]] - [[ගුප්ත ධර්මය]] - [[ආධ්යාත්මික]] ''' කලාව සහ සංස්කෘතිය ''' [[කලාව]] - [[නර්තනය]] - [[සිනමාව]] - [[සංස්කෘතිය]] - [[ජනකතා]] - [[Photography]] - [[සාහිත්යය]] - [[සංගීතය]] - [[Sculpture]] - [[නාට්ය]] ''' ව්‍යවහාරික විද්යා සහ කර්මාන්ත ''' [[Aerospace]] - [[කෘෂිකර්මය]] - [[විදුලිය]] - [[විද්යුත්]] - [[කලමණාකරනය]] - [[වාස්තු විද්යාව]] - [[සන්නිවේදනය]] - [[අන්තර්ජාලය]] - [[ෛවද්ය විද්යාව]] - [[කර්මාන්ත]] - [[Engineering]] - [[තාක්ෂණය]] - [[ප්රවාහනය]] - [[විද්යුත් සන්නිවේදනය]] ''' ජීවිතය සහ විෙනා්දය ''' [[Cuisine]] - [[විෙනා්දාංශ]] - [[ෙගවතු වගාව]] - [[ක්‍රීඩා]] - [[සංචාරක]] - [[ෙසෟක්යය]] - [[පෝෂණය]] - [[විනෝදාත්මක]] - [[ලිංගිකත්වය]] ''' අෙනකුත් ''' [[ජීවිත කථා]] - [[List of lists]] - [[ලෝකෙය් ඇති රටවල්]] |} 5282 2006-04-28T13:45:53Z Lee 85 {| cellspacing="3" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="border-width: 2px; border-color:#C1CCD7; border-style: solid" |- valign="top" | width="20%" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" align="center" valign="middle" | <H2>ආයුබෝවන්! [[විකිපීඩියා]], ඕනෑම කෙනකුට වැඩිදියුණු කල හැකි විශ්‍‍වකෝෂ‍ය‍ට ඔබව පිළිගනිමු. 2005 වසරේ ඇරඹි මේ [[සිංහල]] භාෂා සංස්කරණයේ විකිපීඩියා දැනට පිටු {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}ක් ඇත.</H2> {| style="background-color: #FAF9EC;" | style="vertical-align: top; width:49.5%;" | ''' Where to start ''' [[Wikipedia:Welcome|Welcome page]] - [[Wikipedia:List of articles which all Wikipedias should have|List of articles which all Wikipedias should have]] ---- ''' සිංහල ''' [[සිංහල භාෂාව]] - [[සිංහල ඉතිහාසය]] - [[සිංහල ජාතිය]] - [[සිංහල සංස්කෘතිය]] - [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව]] - [[ආසියාව]] [[image:sri lanka flag large.png|right|120px|Sri Lanka flag]] ''' ගණිත සහ ස්වභාව විද්යා''' [[තාරකා විද්යාව]] - [[ජීව විද්යාව]] - [[සත්ව විද්යාව]] - [[රසායන විද්යාව]] - [[ශාක විද්යාව]] - [[කෘමි විද්යාව]] - [[භෞතික විද්යාව]] - [[ගණිතය]] - [[තොරතුරු තාක්‍ෂණය]] - [[ස්වභාව විද්යාව]] - [[Statistics]] ''' සාමාජික විද්යා ''' [[මානව විද්යාව]] - [[පුරා විද්යාව]] - [[රාජ්‍ය තාන්ත්රකත්වය]] - [[අධ්යාපනය]] - [[දර්ශන විද්යාව]] - [[මූල්ය]] - [[භූ විද්යාව]] - [[භාෂා]] සහ [[වාග් විද්යාව]] - [[Musicology]] - [[අධ්යාපන විද්යාව]] - [[මනෝ විද්යාව]] - [[සමාජ විද්යාව]] - [[ඉතිහාසය]] ''' Politics, law, and society ''' [[වානිජ්‍යය]] - [[යුධ විද්යා]] - [[නීතිය]] - [[ආර්ථිකය]] - [[පවුල]] - [[ව්යාපාර]] - [[දේශපාලනය]] | style="vertical-align: top;" | ''' ආගම් සහ මිථ්යා ''' [[ආගම]] - [[මිථ්යා විශ්වාස]] - [[දේවධර්මය]] - [[ඉස්ලාම්]] - [[කිතු දහම]] - [[ජෛන ආගම]] - [[සිඛ් ආගම]] - [[බුදු දහම]] - [[නාස්තික වාදය]] - [[හින්දු ආගම]] - [[ආත්ම වාදය]] - [[ජුදා ආගම]] - [[ගුප්ත ධර්මය]] - [[ආධ්යාත්මික]] ''' කලාව සහ සංස්කෘතිය ''' [[කලාව]] - [[නර්තනය]] - [[සිනමාව]] - [[සංස්කෘතිය]] - [[ජනකතා]] - [[Photography]] - [[සාහිත්‍යය]] - [[සංගීතය]] - [[Sculpture]] - [[නාට්ය]] ''' ව්‍යවහාරික විද්යා සහ කර්මාන්ත ''' [[Aerospace]] - [[කෘෂිකර්මය]] - [[විදුලිය]] - [[විද්යුත්]] - [[කලමණාකරනය]] - [[වාස්තු විද්යාව]] - [[සන්නිවේදනය]] - [[අන්තර්ජාලය]] - [[වෛද්‍ය විද්යාව]] - [[කර්මාන්ත]] - [[Engineering]] - [[තාක්ෂණය]] - [[ප්‍රවාහනය]] - [[විද්යුත් සන්නිවේදනය]] ''' ජීවිතය සහ විනෝදය ''' [[Cuisine]] - [[විනෝදාංශ]] - [[ගෙවතු වගාව]] - [[ක්‍රීඩා]] - [[සංචාරක]] - [[සෞඛ්‍යය]] - [[පෝෂණය]] - [[විනෝදාත්මක]] - [[ලිංගිකත්වය]] ''' අනෙකුත් ''' [[ජීවිත කථා]] - [[List of lists]] - [[ලෝකයේ ඇති රටවල්]] |} 5283 2006-04-28T14:02:13Z Lee 85 {| cellspacing="3" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="border-width: 2px; border-color:#C1CCD7; border-style: solid" |- valign="top" | width="20%" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" align="center" valign="middle" | <H2>ආයුබෝවන්! [[විකිපීඩියා]], ඕනෑම කෙනකුට වැඩිදියුණු කල හැකි විශ්‍‍වකෝෂ‍ය‍ට ඔබව පිළිගනිමු. 2005 වසරේ ඇරඹි මේ [[සිංහල]] භාෂා සංස්කරණයේ විකිපීඩියා දැනට පිටු {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}ක් ඇත.</H2> {| style="background-color: #FAF9EC;" | style="vertical-align: top; width:49.5%;" | ''' Where to start ''' [[Wikipedia:Welcome|Welcome page]] - [[Wikipedia:List of articles which all Wikipedias should have|List of articles which all Wikipedias should have]] ---- ''' සිංහල ''' [[සිංහල භාෂාව]] - [[සිංහල ඉතිහාසය]] - [[සිංහල ජාතිය]] - [[සිංහල සංස්කෘතිය]] - [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව]] - [[ආසියාව]] [[image:sri lanka flag large.png|right|120px|Sri Lanka flag]] ''' ගණිත සහ ස්වභාව විද්‍යා''' [[තාරකා විද්‍යාව]] - [[ජීව විද්‍යාව]] - [[සත්ව විද්‍යාව]] - [[රසායන විද්‍යාව]] - [[ශාක විද්‍යාව]] - [[කෘමි විද්‍යාව]] - [[භෞතික විද්‍යාව]] - [[ගණිතය]] - [[තොරතුරු තාක්‍ෂණය]] - [[ස්වභාව විද්‍යාව]] - [[Statistics]] ''' සාමාජික විද්‍යා ''' [[මානව විද්‍යාව]] - [[පුරා විද්‍යාව]] - [[රාජ්‍ය තාන්ත්රකත්වය]] - [[අධ්යාපනය]] - [[දර්ශන විද්‍යාව]] - [[මූල්ය]] - [[භූ විද්‍යාව]] - [[භාෂා]] සහ [[වාග් විද්‍යාව]] - [[Musicology]] - [[අධ්යාපන විද්‍යාව]] - [[මනෝ විද්‍යාව]] - [[සමාජ විද්‍යාව]] - [[ඉතිහාසය]] ''' Politics, law, and society ''' [[වානිජ්‍යය]] - [[යුධ විද්‍යා]] - [[නීතිය]] - [[ආර්ථිකය]] - [[පවුල]] - [[ව්යාපාර]] - [[දේශපාලනය]] | style="vertical-align: top;" | ''' ආගම් සහ මිථ්යා ''' [[ආගම]] - [[මිථ්යා විශ්වාස]] - [[දේවධර්මය]] - [[ඉස්ලාම්]] - [[කිතු දහම]] - [[ජෛන ආගම]] - [[සිඛ් ආගම]] - [[බුදු දහම]] - [[නාස්තික වාදය]] - [[හින්දු ආගම]] - [[ආත්ම වාදය]] - [[ජුදා ආගම]] - [[ගුප්ත ධර්මය]] - [[ආධ්යාත්මික]] ''' කලාව සහ සංස්කෘතිය ''' [[කලාව]] - [[නර්තනය]] - [[සිනමාව]] - [[සංස්කෘතිය]] - [[ජනකතා]] - [[Photography]] - [[සාහිත්‍යය]] - [[සංගීතය]] - [[Sculpture]] - [[නාට්ය]] ''' ව්‍යවහාරික විද්‍යා සහ කර්මාන්ත ''' [[Aerospace]] - [[කෘෂිකර්මය]] - [[විදුලිය]] - [[විද්යුත්]] - [[කලමණාකරනය]] - [[වාස්තු විද්‍යාව]] - [[සන්නිවේදනය]] - [[අන්තර්ජාලය]] - [[වෛද්‍ය විද්‍යාව]] - [[කර්මාන්ත]] - [[Engineering]] - [[තාක්ෂණය]] - [[ප්‍රවාහනය]] - [[විද්යුත් සන්නිවේදනය]] ''' ජීවිතය සහ විනෝදය ''' [[Cuisine]] - [[විනෝදාංශ]] - [[ගෙවතු වගාව]] - [[ක්‍රීඩා]] - [[සංචාරක]] - [[සෞඛ්‍යය]] - [[පෝෂණය]] - [[විනෝදාත්මක]] - [[ලිංගිකත්වය]] ''' අනෙකුත් ''' [[ජීවිත කථා]] - [[List of lists]] - [[ලෝකයේ ඇති රටවල්]] |} 5284 2006-04-28T15:17:27Z Lee 85 {| cellspacing="3" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="border-width: 2px; border-color:#C1CCD7; border-style: solid" |- valign="top" | width="20%" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" align="center" valign="middle" | <H2>ආයුබෝවන්! [[විකිපීඩියා]], ඕනෑම කෙනකුට වැඩිදියුණු කල හැකි විශ්‍‍වකෝෂ‍ය‍ට ඔබව පිළිගනිමු. 2005 වසරේ ඇරඹි මේ [[සිංහල]] භාෂා සංස්කරණයේ විකිපීඩියා දැනට පිටු {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}ක් ඇත.</H2> {| style="background-color: #FAF9EC;" | style="vertical-align: top; width:49.5%;" | ''' Where to start ''' [[Wikipedia:Welcome|Welcome page]] - [[Wikipedia:List of articles which all Wikipedias should have|List of articles which all Wikipedias should have]] ---- ''' සිංහල ''' [[සිංහල භාෂාව]] - [[සිංහල ඉතිහාසය]] - [[සිංහල ජාතිය]] - [[සිංහල සංස්කෘතිය]] - [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව]] - [[ආසියාව]] [[image:sri lanka flag large.png|right|120px|Sri Lanka flag]] ''' ගණිත සහ ස්වභාව විද්‍යා''' [[තාරකා විද්‍යාව]] - [[ජීව විද්‍යාව]] - [[සත්ව විද්‍යාව]] - [[රසායන විද්‍යාව]] - [[ශාක විද්‍යාව]] - [[කෘමි විද්‍යාව]] - [[භෞතික විද්‍යාව]] - [[ගණිතය]] - [[තොරතුරු තාක්‍ෂණය]] - [[ස්වභාව විද්‍යාව]] - [[Statistics]] ''' සාමාජික විද්‍යා ''' [[මානව විද්‍යාව]] - [[පුරා විද්‍යාව]] - [[රාජ්‍ය තාන්ත්රකත්වය]] - [[අධ්‍යාපනය]] - [[දර්ශන විද්‍යාව]] - [[මුල්‍ය]] - [[භූ විද්‍යාව]] - [[භාෂා]] සහ [[වාග් විද්‍යාව]] - [[Musicology]] - [[අධ්‍යාපන විද්‍යාව]] - [[මනෝ විද්‍යාව]] - [[සමාජ විද්‍යාව]] - [[ඉතිහාසය]] ''' Politics, law, and society ''' [[වානිජ්‍යය]] - [[යුධ විද්‍යා]] - [[නීතිය]] - [[ආර්ථිකය]] - [[පවුල]] - [[ව්‍යාපාර]] - [[දේශපාලනය]] | style="vertical-align: top;" | ''' ආගම් සහ මිථ්‍යා ''' [[ආගම]] - [[මිථ්යා විශ්වාස]] - [[දේවධර්මය]] - [[ඉස්ලාම්]] - [[කිතු දහම]] - [[ජෛන ආගම]] - [[සිඛ් ආගම]] - [[බුදු දහම]] - [[නාස්තික වාදය]] - [[හින්දු ආගම]] - [[ආත්ම වාදය]] - [[ජුදා ආගම]] - [[ගුප්ත ධර්මය]] - [[ආධ්‍යාත්මික]] ''' කලාව සහ සංස්කෘතිය ''' [[කලාව]] - [[නර්තනය]] - [[සිනමාව]] - [[සංස්කෘතිය]] - [[ජනකතා]] - [[Photography]] - [[සාහිත්‍යය]] - [[සංගීතය]] - [[Sculpture]] - [[නාට්ය]] ''' ව්‍යවහාරික විද්‍යා සහ කර්මාන්ත ''' [[Aerospace]] - [[කෘෂිකර්මය]] - [[විදුලිය]] - [[විද්‍යුත්]] - [[කලමණාකරනය]] - [[වාස්තු විද්‍යාව]] - [[සන්නිවේදනය]] - [[අන්තර්ජාලය]] - [[වෛද්‍ය විද්‍යාව]] - [[කර්මාන්ත]] - [[Engineering]] - [[තාක්ෂණය]] - [[ප්‍රවාහනය]] - [[විද්‍යුත් සන්නිවේදනය]] ''' ජීවිතය සහ විනෝදය ''' [[Cuisine]] - [[විනෝදාංශ]] - [[ගෙවතු වගාව]] - [[ක්‍රීඩා]] - [[සංචාරක]] - [[සෞඛ්‍යය]] - [[පෝෂණය]] - [[විනෝදාත්මක]] - [[ලිංගිකත්වය]] ''' අනෙකුත් ''' [[ජීවිත කථා]] - [[List of lists]] - [[ලෝකයේ ඇති රටවල්]] |} 5285 2006-04-28T15:21:40Z Lee 85 {| cellspacing="3" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="border-width: 2px; border-color:#C1CCD7; border-style: solid" |- valign="top" | width="20%" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" align="center" valign="middle" | <H2>ආයුබෝවන්! [[විකිපීඩියා]], ඕනෑම කෙනකුට වැඩිදියුණු කල හැකි විශ්‍‍වකෝෂ‍ය‍ට ඔබව පිළිගනිමු. 2005 වසරේ ඇරඹි මේ [[සිංහල]] භාෂා සංස්කරණයේ විකිපීඩියා දැනට පිටු {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}ක් ඇත.</H2> {| style="background-color: #FAF9EC;" | style="vertical-align: top; width:49.5%;" | ''' Where to start ''' [[Wikipedia:Welcome|Welcome page]] - [[Wikipedia:List of articles which all Wikipedias should have|List of articles which all Wikipedias should have]] ---- ''' සිංහල ''' [[සිංහල භාෂාව]] - [[සිංහල ඉතිහාසය]] - [[සිංහල ජාතිය]] - [[සිංහල සංස්කෘතිය]] - [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව]] - [[ආසියාව]] [[image:sri lanka flag large.png|right|120px|Sri Lanka flag]] ''' ගණිත සහ ස්වභාව විද්‍යා''' [[තාරකා විද්‍යාව]] - [[ජීව විද්‍යාව]] - [[සත්ව විද්‍යාව]] - [[රසායන විද්‍යාව]] - [[ශාක විද්‍යාව]] - [[කෘමි විද්‍යාව]] - [[භෞතික විද්‍යාව]] - [[ගණිතය]] - [[තොරතුරු තාක්‍ෂණය]] - [[ස්වභාව විද්‍යාව]] - [[Statistics]] ''' සාමාජික විද්‍යා ''' [[මානව විද්‍යාව]] - [[පුරා විද්‍යාව]] - [[රාජ්‍ය තාන්ත්රකත්වය]] - [[අධ්‍යාපනය]] - [[දර්ශන විද්‍යාව]] - [[මුල්‍ය]] - [[භූ විද්‍යාව]] - [[භාෂා]] සහ [[වාග් විද්‍යාව]] - [[Musicology]] - [[අධ්‍යාපන විද්‍යාව]] - [[මනෝ විද්‍යාව]] - [[සමාජ විද්‍යාව]] - [[ඉතිහාසය]] ''' Politics, law, and society ''' [[වානිජ්‍යය]] - [[යුධ විද්‍යා]] - [[නීතිය]] - [[ආර්ථිකය]] - [[පවුල]] - [[ව්‍යාපාර]] - [[දේශපාලනය]] | style="vertical-align: top;" | ''' ආගම් සහ මිථ්‍යා ''' [[ආගම]] - [[මිථ්‍යා විශ්වාස]] - [[දේවධර්මය]] - [[ඉස්ලාම්]] - [[කිතු දහම]] - [[ජෛන ආගම]] - [[සිඛ් ආගම]] - [[බුදු දහම]] - [[නාස්තික වාදය]] - [[හින්දු ආගම]] - [[ආත්ම වාදය]] - [[ජුදා ආගම]] - [[ගුප්ත ධර්මය]] - [[ආධ්‍යාත්මික]] ''' කලාව සහ සංස්කෘතිය ''' [[කලාව]] - [[නර්තනය]] - [[සිනමාව]] - [[සංස්කෘතිය]] - [[ජනකතා]] - [[Photography]] - [[සාහිත්‍යය]] - [[සංගීතය]] - [[Sculpture]] - [[නාට්ය]] ''' ව්‍යවහාරික විද්‍යා සහ කර්මාන්ත ''' [[Aerospace]] - [[කෘෂිකර්මය]] - [[විදුලිය]] - [[විද්‍යුත්]] - [[කලමණාකරනය]] - [[වාස්තු විද්‍යාව]] - [[සන්නිවේදනය]] - [[අන්තර්ජාලය]] - [[වෛද්‍ය විද්‍යාව]] - [[කර්මාන්ත]] - [[Engineering]] - [[තාක්ෂණය]] - [[ප්‍රවාහනය]] - [[විද්‍යුත් සන්නිවේදනය]] ''' ජීවිතය සහ විනෝදය ''' [[Cuisine]] - [[විනෝදාංශ]] - [[ගෙවතු වගාව]] - [[ක්‍රීඩා]] - [[සංචාරක]] - [[සෞඛ්‍යය]] - [[පෝෂණය]] - [[විනෝදාත්මක]] - [[ලිංගිකත්වය]] ''' අනෙකුත් ''' [[ජීවිත කථා]] - [[List of lists]] - [[ලෝකයේ ඇති රටවල්]] |} 5286 2006-04-28T15:24:30Z Lee 85 {| cellspacing="3" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="border-width: 2px; border-color:#C1CCD7; border-style: solid" |- valign="top" | width="20%" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" align="center" valign="middle" | <H2>ආයුබෝවන්! [[විකිපීඩියා]], ඕනෑම කෙනකුට වැඩිදියුණු කල හැකි විශ්‍‍වකෝෂ‍ය‍ට ඔබව පිළිගනිමු. 2005 වසරේ ඇරඹි මේ [[සිංහල]] භාෂා සංස්කරණයේ විකිපීඩියා දැනට පිටු {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}ක් ඇත.</H2> {| style="background-color: #FAF9EC;" | style="vertical-align: top; width:49.5%;" | ''' Where to start ''' [[Wikipedia:Welcome|Welcome page]] - [[Wikipedia:List of articles which all Wikipedias should have|List of articles which all Wikipedias should have]] ---- ''' සිංහල ''' [[සිංහල භාෂාව]] - [[සිංහල ඉතිහාසය]] - [[සිංහල ජාතිය]] - [[සිංහල සංස්කෘතිය]] - [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව]] - [[ආසියාව]] [[image:sri lanka flag large.png|right|120px|Sri Lanka flag]] ''' ගණිත සහ ස්වභාව විද්‍යා''' [[තාරකා විද්‍යාව]] - [[ජීව විද්‍යාව]] - [[සත්ව විද්‍යාව]] - [[රසායන විද්‍යාව]] - [[ශාක විද්‍යාව]] - [[කෘමි විද්‍යාව]] - [[භෞතික විද්‍යාව]] - [[ගණිතය]] - [[තොරතුරු තාක්‍ෂණය]] - [[ස්වභාව විද්‍යාව]] - [[Statistics]] ''' සාමාජික විද්‍යා ''' [[මානව විද්‍යාව]] - [[පුරා විද්‍යාව]] - [[රාජ්‍ය තාන්ත්රකත්වය]] - [[අධ්‍යාපනය]] - [[දර්ශන විද්‍යාව]] - [[මුල්‍ය]] - [[භූ විද්‍යාව]] - [[භාෂා]] සහ [[වාග් විද්‍යාව]] - [[Musicology]] - [[අධ්‍යාපන විද්‍යාව]] - [[මනෝ විද්‍යාව]] - [[සමාජ විද්‍යාව]] - [[ඉතිහාසය]] ''' Politics, law, and society ''' [[වානිජ්‍යය]] - [[යුධ විද්‍යා]] - [[නීතිය]] - [[ආර්ථිකය]] - [[පවුල]] - [[ව්‍යාපාර]] - [[දේශපාලනය]] | style="vertical-align: top;" | ''' ආගම් සහ මිථ්‍යා ''' [[ආගම]] - [[මිථ්‍යා විශ්වාස]] - [[දේවධර්මය]] - [[ඉස්ලාම්]] - [[කිතු දහම]] - [[ජෛන ආගම]] - [[සිඛ් ආගම]] - [[බුදු දහම]] - [[නාස්තික වාදය]] - [[හින්දු ආගම]] - [[ආත්ම වාදය]] - [[ජුදා ආගම]] - [[ගුප්ත ධර්මය]] - [[ආධ්‍යාත්මික]] ''' කලාව සහ සංස්කෘතිය ''' [[කලාව]] - [[නර්තනය]] - [[සිනමාව]] - [[සංස්කෘතිය]] - [[ජනකතා]] - [[Photography]] - [[සාහිත්‍යය]] - [[සංගීතය]] - [[Sculpture]] - [[නාට්‍ය]] ''' ව්‍යවහාරික විද්‍යා සහ කර්මාන්ත ''' [[Aerospace]] - [[කෘෂිකර්මය]] - [[විදුලිය]] - [[විද්‍යුත්]] - [[කලමණාකරනය]] - [[වාස්තු විද්‍යාව]] - [[සන්නිවේදනය]] - [[අන්තර්ජාලය]] - [[වෛද්‍ය විද්‍යාව]] - [[කර්මාන්ත]] - [[Engineering]] - [[තාක්ෂණය]] - [[ප්‍රවාහනය]] - [[විද්‍යුත් සන්නිවේදනය]] ''' ජීවිතය සහ විනෝදය ''' [[Cuisine]] - [[විනෝදාංශ]] - [[ගෙවතු වගාව]] - [[ක්‍රීඩා]] - [[සංචාරක]] - [[සෞඛ්‍යය]] - [[පෝෂණය]] - [[විනෝදාත්මක]] - [[ලිංගිකත්වය]] ''' අනෙකුත් ''' [[ජීවිත කථා]] - [[List of lists]] - [[ලෝකයේ ඇති රටවල්]] |} 5694 2006-06-25T18:00:47Z Ruwan 82 WikipediaTOC {| cellspacing="3" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="border-width: 2px; border-color:#C1CCD7; border-style: solid" |- valign="top" | width="20%" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" align="center" valign="middle" | <H2>ආයුබෝවන්! [[විකිපීඩියා]], ඕනෑම කෙනකුට වැඩිදියුණු කල හැකි විශ්‍‍වකෝෂ‍ය‍ට ඔබව පිළිගනිමු. 2005 වසරේ ඇරඹි මේ [[සිංහල]] භාෂා සංස්කරණයේ විකිපීඩියා දැනට පිටු {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}ක් ඇත.</H2> {| style="background-color: #FAF9EC;" | style="vertical-align: top; width:49.5%;" | ''' Where to start ''' [[Wikipedia:Welcome|Welcome page]] - [[Wikipedia:List of articles which all Wikipedias should have|List of articles which all Wikipedias should have]] ---- ''' සිංහල ''' [[සිංහල භාෂාව]] - [[සිංහල ඉතිහාසය]] - [[සිංහල ජාතිය]] - [[සිංහල සංස්කෘතිය]] - [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව]] - [[ආසියාව]] [[image:sri lanka flag large.png|right|120px|Sri Lanka flag]] ''' ගණිත සහ ස්වභාව විද්‍යා''' [[තාරකා විද්‍යාව]] - [[ජීව විද්‍යාව]] - [[සත්ව විද්‍යාව]] - [[රසායන විද්‍යාව]] - [[ශාක විද්‍යාව]] - [[කෘමි විද්‍යාව]] - [[භෞතික විද්‍යාව]] - [[ගණිතය]] - [[තොරතුරු තාක්‍ෂණය]] - [[ස්වභාව විද්‍යාව]] - [[Statistics]] ''' සාමාජික විද්‍යා ''' [[මානව විද්‍යාව]] - [[පුරා විද්‍යාව]] - [[රාජ්‍ය තාන්ත්රකත්වය]] - [[අධ්‍යාපනය]] - [[දර්ශන විද්‍යාව]] - [[මුල්‍ය]] - [[භූ විද්‍යාව]] - [[භාෂා]] සහ [[වාග් විද්‍යාව]] - [[Musicology]] - [[අධ්‍යාපන විද්‍යාව]] - [[මනෝ විද්‍යාව]] - [[සමාජ විද්‍යාව]] - [[ඉතිහාසය]] ''' Politics, law, and society ''' [[වානිජ්‍යය]] - [[යුධ විද්‍යා]] - [[නීතිය]] - [[ආර්ථිකය]] - [[පවුල]] - [[ව්‍යාපාර]] - [[දේශපාලනය]] | style="vertical-align: top;" | ''' ආගම් සහ මිථ්‍යා ''' [[ආගම]] - [[මිථ්‍යා විශ්වාස]] - [[දේවධර්මය]] - [[ඉස්ලාම්]] - [[කිතු දහම]] - [[ජෛන ආගම]] - [[සිඛ් ආගම]] - [[බුදු දහම]] - [[නාස්තික වාදය]] - [[හින්දු ආගම]] - [[ආත්ම වාදය]] - [[ජුදා ආගම]] - [[ගුප්ත ධර්මය]] - [[ආධ්‍යාත්මික]] ''' කලාව සහ සංස්කෘතිය ''' [[කලාව]] - [[නර්තනය]] - [[සිනමාව]] - [[සංස්කෘතිය]] - [[ජනකතා]] - [[ඡායාරූප ශිල්පය]] - [[සාහිත්‍යය]] - [[සංගීතය]] - [[Sculpture]] - [[නාට්‍ය]] ''' ව්‍යවහාරික විද්‍යා සහ කර්මාන්ත ''' [[Aerospace]] - [[කෘෂිකර්මය]] - [[විදුලිය]] - [[විද්‍යුත්]] - [[කලමණාකරනය]] - [[වාස්තු විද්‍යාව]] - [[සන්නිවේදනය]] - [[අන්තර්ජාලය]] - [[වෛද්‍ය විද්‍යාව]] - [[කර්මාන්ත]] - [[ඉංජිනේරු ශිල්පය]] - [[තාක්ෂණය]] - [[ප්‍රවාහනය]] - [[විද්‍යුත් සන්නිවේදනය]] ''' ජීවිතය සහ විනෝදය ''' [[Cuisine]] - [[විනෝදාංශ]] - [[ගෙවතු වගාව]] - [[ක්‍රීඩා]] - [[සංචාරක]] - [[සෞඛ්‍යය]] - [[පෝෂණය]] - [[විනෝදාත්මක]] - [[ලිංගිකත්වය]] ''' අනෙකුත් ''' [[ජීවිත කථා]] - [[List of lists]] - [[ලෝකයේ ඇති රටවල්]] |} 5695 2006-06-25T18:05:47Z Ruwan 82 WikipediaTOC {| cellspacing="3" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="border-width: 2px; border-color:#C1CCD7; border-style: solid" |- valign="top" | width="20%" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" align="center" valign="middle" | <H2>ආයුබෝවන්! [[විකිපීඩියා]], ඕනෑම කෙනකුට වැඩිදියුණු කල හැකි විශ්‍‍වකෝෂ‍ය‍ට ඔබව පිළිගනිමු. 2005 වසරේ ඇරඹි මේ [[සිංහල]] භාෂා සංස්කරණයේ විකිපීඩියා දැනට පිටු {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}ක් ඇත.</H2> {| style="background-color: #FAF9EC;" | style="vertical-align: top; width:49.5%;" | ''' Where to start ''' [[Wikipedia:Welcome|Welcome page]] - [[Wikipedia:List of articles which all Wikipedias should have|List of articles which all Wikipedias should have]] ---- ''' සිංහල ''' [[සිංහල භාෂාව]] - [[සිංහල ඉතිහාසය]] - [[සිංහල ජාතිය]] - [[සිංහල සංස්කෘතිය]] - [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව]] - [[ආසියාව]] [[image:sri lanka flag large.png|right|120px|Sri Lanka flag]] ''' ගණිත සහ ස්වභාව විද්‍යා''' [[තාරකා විද්‍යාව]] - [[ජීව විද්‍යාව]] - [[සත්ව විද්‍යාව]] - [[රසායන විද්‍යාව]] - [[ශාක විද්‍යාව]] - [[කෘමි විද්‍යාව]] - [[භෞතික විද්‍යාව]] - [[ගණිතය]] - [[තොරතුරු තාක්‍ෂණය]] - [[ස්වභාව විද්‍යාව]] - [[Statistics]] ''' සාමාජික විද්‍යා ''' [[මානව විද්‍යාව]] - [[පුරා විද්‍යාව]] - [[රාජ්‍ය තාන්ත්රකත්වය]] - [[අධ්‍යාපනය]] - [[දර්ශන විද්‍යාව]] - [[මුල්‍ය]] - [[භූ විද්‍යාව]] - [[භාෂා]] සහ [[වාග් විද්‍යාව]] - [[සංගීත වේදය]] - [[අධ්‍යාපන විද්‍යාව]] - [[මනෝ විද්‍යාව]] - [[සමාජ විද්‍යාව]] - [[ඉතිහාසය]] ''' Politics, law, and society ''' [[වානිජ්‍යය]] - [[යුධ විද්‍යා]] - [[නීතිය]] - [[ආර්ථිකය]] - [[පවුල]] - [[ව්‍යාපාර]] - [[දේශපාලනය]] | style="vertical-align: top;" | ''' ආගම් සහ මිථ්‍යා ''' [[ආගම]] - [[මිථ්‍යා විශ්වාස]] - [[දේවධර්මය]] - [[ඉස්ලාම්]] - [[කිතු දහම]] - [[ජෛන ආගම]] - [[සිඛ් ආගම]] - [[බුදු දහම]] - [[නාස්තික වාදය]] - [[හින්දු ආගම]] - [[ආත්ම වාදය]] - [[ජුදා ආගම]] - [[ගුප්ත ධර්මය]] - [[ආධ්‍යාත්මික]] ''' කලාව සහ සංස්කෘතිය ''' [[කලාව]] - [[නර්තනය]] - [[සිනමාව]] - [[සංස්කෘතිය]] - [[ජනකතා]] - [[ඡායාරූප ශිල්පය]] - [[සාහිත්‍යය]] - [[සංගීතය]] - [[Sculpture]] - [[නාට්‍ය]] ''' ව්‍යවහාරික විද්‍යා සහ කර්මාන්ත ''' [[Aerospace]] - [[කෘෂිකර්මය]] - [[විදුලිය]] - [[විද්‍යුත්]] - [[කලමණාකරනය]] - [[වාස්තු විද්‍යාව]] - [[සන්නිවේදනය]] - [[අන්තර්ජාලය]] - [[වෛද්‍ය විද්‍යාව]] - [[කර්මාන්ත]] - [[ඉංජිනේරු ශිල්පය]] - [[තාක්ෂණය]] - [[ප්‍රවාහනය]] - [[විද්‍යුත් සන්නිවේදනය]] ''' ජීවිතය සහ විනෝදය ''' [[Cuisine]] - [[විනෝදාංශ]] - [[ගෙවතු වගාව]] - [[ක්‍රීඩා]] - [[සංචාරක]] - [[සෞඛ්‍යය]] - [[පෝෂණය]] - [[විනෝදාත්මක]] - [[ලිංගිකත්වය]] ''' අනෙකුත් ''' [[ජීවිත කථා]] - [[List of lists]] - [[ලෝකයේ ඇති රටවල්]] |} 5709 2006-06-30T05:25:20Z Ruwan 82 WikipediaTOC {| cellspacing="3" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="border-width: 2px; border-color:#C1CCD7; border-style: solid" |- valign="top" | width="20%" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" align="center" valign="middle" | <H2>ආයුබෝවන්! [[විකිපීඩියා]], ඕනෑම කෙනකුට වැඩිදියුණු කල හැකි විශ්‍‍වකෝෂ‍ය‍ට ඔබව පිළිගනිමු. 2005 වසරේ ඇරඹි මේ [[සිංහල]] භාෂා සංස්කරණයේ විකිපීඩියා දැනට පිටු {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}ක් ඇත.</H2> {| style="background-color: #FAF9EC;" | style="vertical-align: top; width:49.5%;" | ''' Where to start ''' [[Wikipedia:Welcome|Welcome page]] - [[Wikipedia:List of articles which all Wikipedias should have|List of articles which all Wikipedias should have]] ---- ''' සිංහල ''' [[සිංහල භාෂාව]] - [[සිංහල ඉතිහාසය]] - [[සිංහල ජාතිය]] - [[සිංහල සංස්කෘතිය]] - [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව]] - [[ආසියාව]] [[image:sri lanka flag large.png|right|120px|Sri Lanka flag]] ''' ගණිත සහ ස්වභාව විද්‍යා''' [[තාරකා විද්‍යාව]] - [[ජීව විද්‍යාව]] - [[සත්ව විද්‍යාව]] - [[රසායන විද්‍යාව]] - [[ශාක විද්‍යාව]] - [[කෘමි විද්‍යාව]] - [[භෞතික විද්‍යාව]] - [[ගණිතය]] - [[තොරතුරු තාක්‍ෂණය]] - [[ස්වභාව විද්‍යාව]] - [[Statistics]] ''' සාමාජික විද්‍යා ''' [[මානව විද්‍යාව]] - [[පුරා විද්‍යාව]] - [[රාජ්‍ය තාන්ත්රකත්වය]] - [[අධ්‍යාපනය]] - [[දර්ශන විද්‍යාව]] - [[මුල්‍ය]] - [[භූ විද්‍යාව]] - [[භාෂා]] සහ [[වාග් විද්‍යාව]] - [[සංගීත වේදය]] - [[අධ්‍යාපන විද්‍යාව]] - [[මනෝ විද්‍යාව]] - [[සමාජ විද්‍යාව]] - [[ඉතිහාසය]] ''' Politics, law, and society ''' [[වානිජ්‍යය]] - [[යුධ විද්‍යා]] - [[නීතිය]] - [[ආර්ථිකය]] - [[පවුල]] - [[ව්‍යාපාර]] - [[දේශපාලනය]] | style="vertical-align: top;" | ''' ආගම් සහ මිථ්‍යා ''' [[ආගම]] - [[මිථ්‍යා විශ්වාස]] - [[දේවධර්මය]] - [[ඉස්ලාම්]] - [[කිතු දහම]] - [[ජෛන ආගම]] - [[සිඛ් ආගම]] - [[බුදු දහම]] - [[නාස්තික වාදය]] - [[හින්දු ආගම]] - [[ආත්ම වාදය]] - [[ජුදා ආගම]] - [[ගුප්ත ධර්මය]] - [[ආධ්‍යාත්මික]] ''' කලාව සහ සංස්කෘතිය ''' [[කලාව]] - [[නර්තනය]] - [[සිනමාව]] - [[සංස්කෘතිය]] - [[ජනකතා]] - [[ඡායාරූප ශිල්පය]] - [[සාහිත්‍යය]] - [[සංගීතය]] - [[Sculpture]] - [[නාට්‍ය]] ''' ව්‍යවහාරික විද්‍යා සහ කර්මාන්ත ''' [[Aerospace]] - [[කෘෂිකර්මය]] - [[විදුලිය]] - [[විද්‍යුත්]] - [[කලමණාකරනය]] - [[වාස්තු විද්‍යාව]] - [[සන්නිවේදනය]] - [[අන්තර්ජාලය]] - [[වෛද්‍ය විද්‍යාව]] - [[කර්මාන්ත]] - [[ඉංජිනේරු ශිල්පය]] - [[තාක්ෂණය]] - [[ප්‍රවාහනය]] - [[විද්‍යුත් සන්නිවේදනය]] ''' ජීවිතය සහ විනෝදය ''' [[ඉවුම් පිහුම් රටා/ක්‍රම]] - [[විනෝදාංශ]] - [[ගෙවතු වගාව]] - [[ක්‍රීඩා]] - [[සංචාරක]] - [[සෞඛ්‍යය]] - [[පෝෂණය]] - [[විනෝදාත්මක]] - [[ලිංගිකත්වය]] ''' අනෙකුත් ''' [[ජීවිත කථා]] - [[List of lists]] - [[ලෝකයේ ඇති රටවල්]] |} Template:Wikipedialang 1589 4421 2005-09-13T07:00:36Z 24.251.198.251 please translate this to sinhala as well <div style="font-size:95%"><div id="lang-50000"> ; Wikipedia encyclopedia languages with over 50,000 articles: <big>[[:en:|English]] · [[:de:|Deutsch (German)]] · [[:es:|Español (Spanish)]] · [[:fr:|Français (French)]] · [[:it:|Italiano (Italian)]] · [[:ja:|日本語 (Japanese)]] · [[:nl:|Nederlands (Dutch)]] · [[:pl:|Polski (Polish)]] · [[:pt:|Português (Portuguese)]] · [[:sv:|Svenska (Swedish)]] </big> </div><div style="font-size:95%"><div id="lang-10000"> ; Wikipedia encyclopedia languages with over 10,000 articles: [[:bg:|Български (Bulgarian)]] · [[:ca:|Català (Catalan)]] · [[:cs:|Česká (Czech)]] · [[:da:|Dansk (Danish)]] · [[:et:|Eesti (Estonian)]] · [[:eo:|Esperanto]] · [[:fi:|Suomi (Finnish)]] · [[:he:|עברית (Hebrew)]] · [[:hu:|Magyar (Hungarian)]] · [[:id:|Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian)]] · [[:ko:|한국어 (Korean)]] · [[:no:|Norsk (Norwegian)]] · [[:ro:|Română (Romanian)]] · [[:ru:|Русский (Russian)]] · [[:sk:|Slovenčina (Slovak)]] · [[:sl:|Slovenščina (Slovenian)]] · [[:sr:|Српски (Serbian)]] · [[:uk:|Українська (Ukrainian)]] · [[:zh:|中文 (Chinese)]] </div><div id="lang-1000"> ; Wikipedia encyclopedia languages with over 1,000 articles:[[:af:|Afrikaans]] · [[:ar:|العربية (Arabic)]] · [[:ast:|Asturianu (Asturian)]] · [[:be:|Беларуская (Belarusian)]] · [[:bs:|Bosanski (Bosnian)]] · [[:cy:|Cymraeg (Welsh)]] · [[:el:|Ελληνικά (Greek)]] · [[:eu:|Euskara (Basque)]] · [[:fa:|فارسی (Persian)]] · [[:fy:|Frysk (Western Frisian)]] · [[:ga:|Gaeilge (Irish)]] · [[:gd:|Gàidhlig (Scots Gaelic)]] · [[:gl:|Galego (Galician)]] · [[:hi:|हिन्दी (Hindi)]] · [[:hr:|Hrvatski (Croatian)]] · [[:ia:|Interlingua]] · [[:io:|Ido]] · [[:is:|Íslenska (Icelandic)]] · [[:jv:|Basa Jawa (Javanese)]] · [[:ka:|ქართული (Georgian)]] · [[:ku:|Kurdî / كوردی (Kurdish)]] · [[:la:|Latina (Latin)]] · [[:lb:|Lëtzebuergesch (Luxembourgish)]] · [[:lt:|Lietuvių (Lithuanian)]] · [[:lv:|Latviešu (Latvian)]] · [[:mr:|मराठी (Marathi)]] · [[:ms:|Bahasa Melayu (Malay)]] · [[:nds:|Plattdüütsch (Low Saxon)]] · [[:nn:|Nynorsk]] · [[:os:|Ирон (Ossetic)]] · [[:sa:|संस्कृतम् (Sanskrit)]] · [[:scn:|Sicilianu (Sicilian)]] · [[:simple:|Simple English]] · [[:sq:|Shqip (Albanian)]] · [[:tl:|Tagalog]] · [[:th:|ภาษาไทย (Thai)]] · [[:tr:|Türkçe (Turkish)]] · [[:tt:|Tatarça (Tatar)]] · [[:vi:|Tiếng Việt (Vietnamese)]] · [[:wa:|Walon (Walloon)]] · [[:zh-min-nan:|Bân-lâm-gú (Min Nan)]]</div></div> '''[[m:List of Wikipedias|Complete list]]''' · '''[[Wikipedia:Multilingual coordination|Multilingual coordination]]''' · '''[[m:How to start a new Wikipedia|Start a Wikipedia in another language]]''' </div> 4944 2006-03-21T13:31:36Z විරාජ් 69  ==Other areas of Wikipedia== {{WikipediaOther}} ==Wikipedia's sister projects== {{WikipediaSister}} ==Wikipedia languages== {{Wikipedialang}} </div> </div>__NOTOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__ මුල් පිටුව 1590 4424 2005-09-13T09:16:54Z Chin 20 If you have trouble reading Sinhala fonts, '''[[Wikipedia:Sinhala font|click here]]'''. {{WikipediaTOC}} {{Wikipedialang}} Wikipedia:Sinhala font 1591 4431 2005-09-13T20:59:44Z Chin 20 Wikipedia:Sinhala font moved to Wikipedia:Sinhala Font Guide: More appropriate #redirect [[Wikipedia:Sinhala Font Guide]] User talk:Greenleaf 1592 4435 2005-09-14T09:31:11Z Greenleaf 22 Welcome to Sinhala Wikipedia mate. You're the same Greenleaf from en.wiki right? You were correct about sri lankava. Hope to see more contributions from you. [[User:Chin|Chin Dayaratne]] 15:31, 12 September 2005 (UTC) :Thanks for the welcome, Chin. And yes, I'm the same Greenleaf. :I don't know whether there's a real future for a sinhala wikipedia, but at least as a romantic policy it's worth giving a try. I also share your sentiments about that television celebity sinhala professor. It's a tragedy when serious academics understand that they can earn money and fame much easily if they choose to talk BS in front of television cameras and in leasure sections of sunday newspapers - for the enjoyment of lazy petty bourgeois women. I'm amazed that this is the same guy who did great programs like "thun path rata" in SLBC during early '80ies. :and about 'ingirisi': I'm not in to hela hawla movement (although I highly admire Kumarathunga); I just found that easier compared to the ''proper'' way of typing "enGREEsi" which requires jumping through hoops. (anyways, after all that work, it doesn't render right on anything) Any idea why they chose only "rakaranse" and "yanse" for that gimmic especially when there was enough space available even for kundaliya that no one uses? 4436 2005-09-14T09:31:43Z Greenleaf 22 Welcome to Sinhala Wikipedia mate. You're the same Greenleaf from en.wiki right? You were correct about sri lankava. Hope to see more contributions from you. [[User:Chin|Chin Dayaratne]] 15:31, 12 September 2005 (UTC) :Thanks for the welcome, Chin. And yes, I'm the same Greenleaf. :I don't know whether there's a real future for a sinhala wikipedia, but at least as a romantic policy it's worth giving a try. I also share your sentiments about that television celebity sinhala professor. It's a tragedy when serious academics understand that they can earn money and fame much easily if they choose to talk BS in front of television cameras and in leasure sections of sunday newspapers - for the enjoyment of lazy petty bourgeois women. I'm amazed that this is the same guy who did great programs like "thun path rata" in SLBC during early '80ies. :and about 'ingirisi': I'm not in to hela hawla movement (although I highly admire Kumarathunga); I just found that easier compared to the ''proper'' way of typing "enGREEsi" which requires jumping through hoops. (anyways, after all that work, it doesn't render right on anything) Any idea why they chose only "rakaranse" and "yanse" for that gimmic especially when there was enough space available even for kundaliya that no one uses? - [[User:Greenleaf|Greenleaf]] 09:31, 14 September 2005 (UTC) 4444 2005-09-16T16:35:06Z Chin 20 RE: Stray articles Welcome to Sinhala Wikipedia mate. You're the same Greenleaf from en.wiki right? You were correct about sri lankava. Hope to see more contributions from you. [[User:Chin|Chin Dayaratne]] 15:31, 12 September 2005 (UTC) :Thanks for the welcome, Chin. And yes, I'm the same Greenleaf. :I don't know whether there's a real future for a sinhala wikipedia, but at least as a romantic policy it's worth giving a try. I also share your sentiments about that television celebity sinhala professor. It's a tragedy when serious academics understand that they can earn money and fame much easily if they choose to talk BS in front of television cameras and in leasure sections of sunday newspapers - for the enjoyment of lazy petty bourgeois women. I'm amazed that this is the same guy who did great programs like "thun path rata" in SLBC during early '80ies. :and about 'ingirisi': I'm not in to hela hawla movement (although I highly admire Kumarathunga); I just found that easier compared to the ''proper'' way of typing "enGREEsi" which requires jumping through hoops. (anyways, after all that work, it doesn't render right on anything) Any idea why they chose only "rakaranse" and "yanse" for that gimmic especially when there was enough space available even for kundaliya that no one uses? - [[User:Greenleaf|Greenleaf]] 09:31, 14 September 2005 (UTC) == RE: Stray articles == Yes greanleaf. I've noticed that too. Apparently some people had thought si is the encyclopedia for Slovenia. Only an sysop can delete the articles. Which program do you use to type sinhala? I don't have XPSP2 so it's not possible for me to use the sinhala enablement thing. But I found this really nice little program called Sinhala text box. A friend of mine called Dasith designed it and he won an award from the SL govt for it. This program has a small app called sinhala keyboard driver and you just have to launch it and you can start typing in ms word using kaputa/kandy/wijesekera layouts. The best thing is that this also supports something they call "singlish". How it works is, you just have to type something in english and it'll automatically convert it to sinhala. For example, if you type wikipeedia in english the program will type it as wikipedia in sinhala. It's really nice. 4448 2005-09-19T04:53:08Z Greenleaf 22 /* RE: Stray articles */ Welcome to Sinhala Wikipedia mate. You're the same Greenleaf from en.wiki right? You were correct about sri lankava. Hope to see more contributions from you. [[User:Chin|Chin Dayaratne]] 15:31, 12 September 2005 (UTC) :Thanks for the welcome, Chin. And yes, I'm the same Greenleaf. :I don't know whether there's a real future for a sinhala wikipedia, but at least as a romantic policy it's worth giving a try. I also share your sentiments about that television celebity sinhala professor. It's a tragedy when serious academics understand that they can earn money and fame much easily if they choose to talk BS in front of television cameras and in leasure sections of sunday newspapers - for the enjoyment of lazy petty bourgeois women. I'm amazed that this is the same guy who did great programs like "thun path rata" in SLBC during early '80ies. :and about 'ingirisi': I'm not in to hela hawla movement (although I highly admire Kumarathunga); I just found that easier compared to the ''proper'' way of typing "enGREEsi" which requires jumping through hoops. (anyways, after all that work, it doesn't render right on anything) Any idea why they chose only "rakaranse" and "yanse" for that gimmic especially when there was enough space available even for kundaliya that no one uses? - [[User:Greenleaf|Greenleaf]] 09:31, 14 September 2005 (UTC) == RE: Stray articles == Yes greanleaf. I've noticed that too. Apparently some people had thought si is the encyclopedia for Slovenia. Only an sysop can delete the articles. Which program do you use to type sinhala? I don't have XPSP2 so it's not possible for me to use the sinhala enablement thing. But I found this really nice little program called Sinhala text box. A friend of mine called Dasith designed it and he won an award from the SL govt for it. This program has a small app called sinhala keyboard driver and you just have to launch it and you can start typing in ms word using kaputa/kandy/wijesekera layouts. The best thing is that this also supports something they call "singlish". How it works is, you just have to type something in english and it'll automatically convert it to sinhala. For example, if you type wikipeedia in english the program will type it as wikipedia in sinhala. It's really nice. :Right now, it's just good ol' character map with XP. :-) I'm not familiar with wijesekara anyway, so i'll still have to pick keys. kaputa is a bit intuitive though, i might consider using something if it comes with kaputa layout. :I remember seeing the 'singlish' program - but at that time didn't see much use of it. Must have a look again. [[User:Greenleaf|Greenleaf]] 04:53, 19 September 2005 (UTC) 4449 2005-09-19T04:55:25Z Greenleaf 22 /* RE: Stray articles */ Welcome to Sinhala Wikipedia mate. You're the same Greenleaf from en.wiki right? You were correct about sri lankava. Hope to see more contributions from you. [[User:Chin|Chin Dayaratne]] 15:31, 12 September 2005 (UTC) :Thanks for the welcome, Chin. And yes, I'm the same Greenleaf. :I don't know whether there's a real future for a sinhala wikipedia, but at least as a romantic policy it's worth giving a try. I also share your sentiments about that television celebity sinhala professor. It's a tragedy when serious academics understand that they can earn money and fame much easily if they choose to talk BS in front of television cameras and in leasure sections of sunday newspapers - for the enjoyment of lazy petty bourgeois women. I'm amazed that this is the same guy who did great programs like "thun path rata" in SLBC during early '80ies. :and about 'ingirisi': I'm not in to hela hawla movement (although I highly admire Kumarathunga); I just found that easier compared to the ''proper'' way of typing "enGREEsi" which requires jumping through hoops. (anyways, after all that work, it doesn't render right on anything) Any idea why they chose only "rakaranse" and "yanse" for that gimmic especially when there was enough space available even for kundaliya that no one uses? - [[User:Greenleaf|Greenleaf]] 09:31, 14 September 2005 (UTC) == RE: Stray articles == Yes greanleaf. I've noticed that too. Apparently some people had thought si is the encyclopedia for Slovenia. Only an sysop can delete the articles. Which program do you use to type sinhala? I don't have XPSP2 so it's not possible for me to use the sinhala enablement thing. But I found this really nice little program called Sinhala text box. A friend of mine called Dasith designed it and he won an award from the SL govt for it. This program has a small app called sinhala keyboard driver and you just have to launch it and you can start typing in ms word using kaputa/kandy/wijesekera layouts. The best thing is that this also supports something they call "singlish". How it works is, you just have to type something in english and it'll automatically convert it to sinhala. For example, if you type wikipeedia in english the program will type it as wikipedia in sinhala. It's really nice. :Right now, it's just good ol' character map with XP. :-) I'm not familiar with wijesekara anyway, so i'll still have to pick keys. kaputa is a bit intuitive though, i might consider using something if it comes with kaputa layout. :I remember seeing the 'singlish' program - but at that time didn't see much use of it because i wasn't typing sinhala. Must have a look again. [[User:Greenleaf|Greenleaf]] 04:53, 19 September 2005 (UTC) User:Jvano 1593 4450 2005-09-27T02:38:51Z Jvano 24 http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedista:Jvano භාෂා 1594 4452 2005-09-28T04:27:09Z Lanka7 26 වෙබ් පිටු නිර්මානය කිරීමට යුනිකෝඩ් මෙවලම් භාවිතා කරන තත්වය දක්‌වා අද අපේ සිංහල භාෂාව දියුණූ වී ඇත. සිංහල යුනිකොඩ් භාවිතයට පහසු වෙන අයුරින් නිම කරන ලද අකුරු පද්ධතියක්‌ කපුටා ඩොට්‌ කොම් විසින් නිර්මාණය කර ඇත. ඉතාමත් පහසුවූත්, ඕනෑම නිර්මාණයක්‌ සඳහා සුදුසු වූ අකුරු එහි තිබේ. 4453 2005-09-28T04:28:09Z Lanka7 26 වෙබ් පිටු නිර්මානය කිරීමට යුනිකෝඩ් මෙවලම් භාවිතා කරන තත්වය දක්‌වා අද අපේ සිංහල භාෂාව දියුණූ වී ඇත. සිංහල යුනිකොඩ් භාවිතයට පහසු වෙන අයුරින් නිම කරන ලද අකුරු පද්ධතියක්‌ කපුටා ඩොට්‌ කොම් විසින් නිර්මාණය කර ඇත. ඉතාමත් පහසුවූත්, ඕනෑම නිර්මාණයක්‌ සඳහා සුදුසු වූ අකුරු එහි තිබේ. http://www.info.lk/slword/kaputaunicode.htm Wikipedia talk:Sinhala Font Guide 1595 4457 2005-09-29T08:29:39Z 203.94.78.154 The Sinhala font seems to be not available. The link does not exist. Fonts.lk site has the following link. file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/gihan/My%20Documents/temp/download/Malithi%20Web.html Looks like the guy who created the page has link to the hard drive of his machine :-) 4458 2005-09-29T08:30:10Z 203.94.78.154 The Sinhala font seems to be not available. (2005-09-29) The link does not exist. Fonts.lk site has the following link. file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/gihan/My%20Documents/temp/download/Malithi%20Web.html Looks like the guy who created the page has link to the hard drive of his machine :-) 4459 2005-10-01T04:39:11Z Greenleaf 22 The Sinhala font seems to be not available. (2005-09-29) The link does not exist. Fonts.lk site has the following link. file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/gihan/My%20Documents/temp/download/Malithi%20Web.html Looks like the guy who created the page has link to the hard drive of his machine :-) :The font problem is fixed by fonts.lk people, you can download the font now at the same page (or from this [http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf direct link]). If something goes wrong in downloading (FireFox had a problem in my case), use 'save link as' instead of just clicking on the link. [[User:Greenleaf|Greenleaf]] 04:39, 1 October 2005 (UTC) 4474 2005-10-24T11:42:05Z 212.138.47.29 The Sinhala font seems to be not available. (2005-09-29) The link does not exist. Fonts.lk site has the following link. file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/gihan/My%20Documents/temp/download/Malithi%20Web.html Looks like the guy who created the page has link to the hard drive of his machine :-) :The font problem is fixed by fonts.lk people, you can download the font now at the same page (or from this [http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf direct link]). If something goes wrong in downloading (FireFox had a problem in my case), use 'save link as' instead of just clicking on the link. [[User:Greenleaf|Greenleaf]] 04:39, 1 October 2005 (UTC) The idea of having a sinhala Wikipedia is wonderful. However we've got to improve the sinhala Unicode font more. The current font (Malithi) doesn't look nice on an encyclopedic page due to incomplete ''pilis''. It looks like a child's attempt to write Sinhala. For a serious work like an encyclopedia, this font must be complete, and I don't see any technical difficulty in improving Malithi because most things have been already done. 4826 2006-01-20T07:55:32Z 220.247.208.37 The Sinhala font seems to be not available. (2005-09-29) The link does not exist. Fonts.lk site has the following link. file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/gihan/My%20Documents/temp/download/Malithi%20Web.html Looks like the guy who created the page has link to the hard drive of his machine :-) :The font problem is fixed by fonts.lk people, you can download the font now at the same page (or from this [http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf direct link]). If something goes wrong in downloading (FireFox had a problem in my case), use 'save link as' instead of just clicking on the link. [[User:Greenleaf|Greenleaf]] 04:39, 1 October 2005 (UTC) The idea of having a sinhala Wikipedia is wonderful. However we've got to improve the sinhala Unicode font more. The current font (Malithi) doesn't look nice on an encyclopedic page due to incomplete ''pilis''. It looks like a child's attempt to write Sinhala. For a serious work like an encyclopedia, this font must be complete, and I don't see any technical difficulty in improving Malithi because most things have been already done. ----------------------------------- As a native Sinhalese speaker, I cannot be satisfied with the Unicode encoding for Sinhalese characters. Sinhalese due to its insular nature has changed a lot from other Brahmi descendant scripts such as Devanagari. So you cannot use the standard Indic Font yardstick for Sinhalese. According to my experience I feel that having a glyph for each character with its specific modifiers (pilis) is the best. Font mapping should be similar to that of Chinese or Japanese. Such a system may be slow but at least it will display the text properly. ------------------------------------ 4837 2006-02-04T16:34:09Z 217.219.185.169 [[Image:Example.jpg]][[Image:Example.jpg]][[Image:Example.jpg]][[Image:Example.jpg]][[Image:Example.jpg]]The Sinhala font seems to be not available. (2005-09-29) The link does not exist. Fonts.lk site has the following link. file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/gihan/My%20Documents/temp/download/Malithi%20Web.html Looks like the guy who created the page has link to the hard drive of his machine :-) :The font problem is fixed by fonts.lk people, you can download the font now at the same page (or from this [http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf direct link]). If something goes wrong in downloading (FireFox had a problem in my case), use 'save link as' instead of just clicking on the link. [[User:Greenleaf|Greenleaf]] 04:39, 1 October 2005 (UTC) The idea of having a sinhala Wikipedia is wonderful. However we've got to improve the sinhala Unicode font more. The current font (Malithi) doesn't look nice on an encyclopedic page due to incomplete ''pilis''. It looks like a child's attempt to write Sinhala. For a serious work like an encyclopedia, this font must be complete, and I don't see any technical difficulty in improving Malithi because most things have been already done. ----------------------------------- As a native Sinhalese speaker, I cannot be satisfied with the Unicode encoding for Sinhalese characters. Sinhalese due to its insular nature has changed a lot from other Brahmi descendant scripts such as Devanagari. So you cannot use the standard Indic Font yardstick for Sinhalese. According to my experience I feel that having a glyph for each character with its specific modifiers (pilis) is the best. Font mapping should be similar to that of Chinese or Japanese. Such a system may be slow but at least it will display the text properly. ------------------------------------ 4870 2006-02-24T09:29:49Z ChamaraDisanayake 62 Unicode Editing Problem in Wikis [[Image:Example.jpg]][[Image:Example.jpg]][[Image:Example.jpg]][[Image:Example.jpg]][[Image:Example.jpg]]The Sinhala font seems to be not available. (2005-09-29) The link does not exist. Fonts.lk site has the following link. file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/gihan/My%20Documents/temp/download/Malithi%20Web.html Looks like the guy who created the page has link to the hard drive of his machine :-) :The font problem is fixed by fonts.lk people, you can download the font now at the same page (or from this [http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf direct link]). If something goes wrong in downloading (FireFox had a problem in my case), use 'save link as' instead of just clicking on the link. [[User:Greenleaf|Greenleaf]] 04:39, 1 October 2005 (UTC) The idea of having a sinhala Wikipedia is wonderful. However we've got to improve the sinhala Unicode font more. The current font (Malithi) doesn't look nice on an encyclopedic page due to incomplete ''pilis''. It looks like a child's attempt to write Sinhala. For a serious work like an encyclopedia, this font must be complete, and I don't see any technical difficulty in improving Malithi because most things have been already done. ----------------------------------- As a native Sinhalese speaker, I cannot be satisfied with the Unicode encoding for Sinhalese characters. Sinhalese due to its insular nature has changed a lot from other Brahmi descendant scripts such as Devanagari. So you cannot use the standard Indic Font yardstick for Sinhalese. According to my experience I feel that having a glyph for each character with its specific modifiers (pilis) is the best. Font mapping should be similar to that of Chinese or Japanese. Such a system may be slow but at least it will display the text properly. ------------------------------------ == Unicode Editing Problem in Wikis == I'm working with Sinhala fonts for some times. The problem I have with Wiki. That is I can edit the content and it also shown in the Browser. but when I try to edit that page again, the contents in sihala shows as codes in the text editor. Is there any way to see the Sinhala unicode in the editor mode in Wiki. 4938 2006-03-14T03:24:43Z 147.8.76.26 How about linux font installation? [[Image:Example.jpg]][[Image:Example.jpg]][[Image:Example.jpg]][[Image:Example.jpg]][[Image:Example.jpg]]The Sinhala font seems to be not available. (2005-09-29) The link does not exist. Fonts.lk site has the following link. file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/gihan/My%20Documents/temp/download/Malithi%20Web.html Looks like the guy who created the page has link to the hard drive of his machine :-) :The font problem is fixed by fonts.lk people, you can download the font now at the same page (or from this [http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf direct link]). If something goes wrong in downloading (FireFox had a problem in my case), use 'save link as' instead of just clicking on the link. [[User:Greenleaf|Greenleaf]] 04:39, 1 October 2005 (UTC) The idea of having a sinhala Wikipedia is wonderful. However we've got to improve the sinhala Unicode font more. The current font (Malithi) doesn't look nice on an encyclopedic page due to incomplete ''pilis''. It looks like a child's attempt to write Sinhala. For a serious work like an encyclopedia, this font must be complete, and I don't see any technical difficulty in improving Malithi because most things have been already done. ----------------------------------- As a native Sinhalese speaker, I cannot be satisfied with the Unicode encoding for Sinhalese characters. Sinhalese due to its insular nature has changed a lot from other Brahmi descendant scripts such as Devanagari. So you cannot use the standard Indic Font yardstick for Sinhalese. According to my experience I feel that having a glyph for each character with its specific modifiers (pilis) is the best. Font mapping should be similar to that of Chinese or Japanese. Such a system may be slow but at least it will display the text properly. ------------------------------------ == Unicode Editing Problem in Wikis == I'm working with Sinhala fonts for some times. The problem I have with Wiki. That is I can edit the content and it also shown in the Browser. but when I try to edit that page again, the contents in sihala shows as codes in the text editor. Is there any way to see the Sinhala unicode in the editor mode in Wiki. == How about linux font installation? == How about linux font installation? Where to copy the TTF file? do I need to run mkfontdir afterwards? is that enough? THANKS [[User:147.8.76.26|147.8.76.26]] 03:24, 14 March 2006 (UTC) 5293 2006-04-29T11:44:24Z Lee 85 /* Unicode Editing Problem in Wikis */ [[Image:Example.jpg]][[Image:Example.jpg]][[Image:Example.jpg]][[Image:Example.jpg]][[Image:Example.jpg]]The Sinhala font seems to be not available. (2005-09-29) The link does not exist. Fonts.lk site has the following link. file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/gihan/My%20Documents/temp/download/Malithi%20Web.html Looks like the guy who created the page has link to the hard drive of his machine :-) :The font problem is fixed by fonts.lk people, you can download the font now at the same page (or from this [http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf direct link]). If something goes wrong in downloading (FireFox had a problem in my case), use 'save link as' instead of just clicking on the link. [[User:Greenleaf|Greenleaf]] 04:39, 1 October 2005 (UTC) The idea of having a sinhala Wikipedia is wonderful. However we've got to improve the sinhala Unicode font more. The current font (Malithi) doesn't look nice on an encyclopedic page due to incomplete ''pilis''. It looks like a child's attempt to write Sinhala. For a serious work like an encyclopedia, this font must be complete, and I don't see any technical difficulty in improving Malithi because most things have been already done. ----------------------------------- As a native Sinhalese speaker, I cannot be satisfied with the Unicode encoding for Sinhalese characters. Sinhalese due to its insular nature has changed a lot from other Brahmi descendant scripts such as Devanagari. So you cannot use the standard Indic Font yardstick for Sinhalese. According to my experience I feel that having a glyph for each character with its specific modifiers (pilis) is the best. Font mapping should be similar to that of Chinese or Japanese. Such a system may be slow but at least it will display the text properly. ------------------------------------ == Unicode Editing Problem in Wikis == I'm working with Sinhala fonts for some times. The problem I have with Wiki. That is I can edit the content and it also shown in the Browser. but when I try to edit that page again, the contents in sihala shows as codes in the text editor. Is there any way to see the Sinhala unicode in the editor mode in Wiki. :Is this problem still there? I don’t have any issues on WinXP sp2, IE6.0 - [[User:Lee|Lee]] 11:44, 29 April 2006 (UTC) == How about linux font installation? == How about linux font installation? Where to copy the TTF file? do I need to run mkfontdir afterwards? is that enough? THANKS [[User:147.8.76.26|147.8.76.26]] 03:24, 14 March 2006 (UTC) 5294 2006-04-29T11:55:58Z Lee 85 Browser Recommendation [[Image:Example.jpg]][[Image:Example.jpg]][[Image:Example.jpg]][[Image:Example.jpg]][[Image:Example.jpg]]The Sinhala font seems to be not available. (2005-09-29) The link does not exist. Fonts.lk site has the following link. file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/gihan/My%20Documents/temp/download/Malithi%20Web.html Looks like the guy who created the page has link to the hard drive of his machine :-) :The font problem is fixed by fonts.lk people, you can download the font now at the same page (or from this [http://www.mrt.ac.lk/sinhala/FM-MalithiUW46.ttf direct link]). If something goes wrong in downloading (FireFox had a problem in my case), use 'save link as' instead of just clicking on the link. [[User:Greenleaf|Greenleaf]] 04:39, 1 October 2005 (UTC) The idea of having a sinhala Wikipedia is wonderful. However we've got to improve the sinhala Unicode font more. The current font (Malithi) doesn't look nice on an encyclopedic page due to incomplete ''pilis''. It looks like a child's attempt to write Sinhala. For a serious work like an encyclopedia, this font must be complete, and I don't see any technical difficulty in improving Malithi because most things have been already done. ----------------------------------- As a native Sinhalese speaker, I cannot be satisfied with the Unicode encoding for Sinhalese characters. Sinhalese due to its insular nature has changed a lot from other Brahmi descendant scripts such as Devanagari. So you cannot use the standard Indic Font yardstick for Sinhalese. According to my experience I feel that having a glyph for each character with its specific modifiers (pilis) is the best. Font mapping should be similar to that of Chinese or Japanese. Such a system may be slow but at least it will display the text properly. ------------------------------------ == Unicode Editing Problem in Wikis == I'm working with Sinhala fonts for some times. The problem I have with Wiki. That is I can edit the content and it also shown in the Browser. but when I try to edit that page again, the contents in sihala shows as codes in the text editor. Is there any way to see the Sinhala unicode in the editor mode in Wiki. :Is this problem still there? I don’t have any issues on WinXP sp2, IE6.0 - [[User:Lee|Lee]] 11:44, 29 April 2006 (UTC) == How about linux font installation? == How about linux font installation? Where to copy the TTF file? do I need to run mkfontdir afterwards? is that enough? THANKS [[User:147.8.76.26|147.8.76.26]] 03:24, 14 March 2006 (UTC) == Browser Recommendation == Do you guys think that the browser recommendation is still true? I think we should remove that line. Sinhala is rendered properly in IE too. - [[User:Lee|Lee]] 11:55, 29 April 2006 (UTC) User:Lastnode 1596 4460 2005-10-10T11:35:04Z Lastnode 27 You can find more about me on my [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Lastnode en.wiki homepage]. User:Diagraph01 1597 4472 2005-10-18T21:51:10Z Diagraph01 31 <table style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px"> <tr><td><center>'''[[Wikipedia:Babel]]'''</center></td></tr> <tr><td>{{user ja}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{user en-1}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{user si-0}}</td></tr> </table> "Diagraph01" lives in Tokyo, Japan. See refer: [[w:ja:User:Diagraph01]]([[w:ja:User talk:Diagraph01|Talk]]), please write in English or Japanese :) 4473 2005-10-23T08:04:33Z Diagraph01 31 add explanation <table style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px"> <tr><td><center>'''[[Wikipedia:Babel]]'''</center></td></tr> <tr><td>{{user ja}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{user en-1}}</td></tr> <tr><td>{{user si-0}}</td></tr> </table> "Diagraph01" lives in Tokyo, Japan. I'm taking the [[:ja:Wikipedia:毎月の多言語の統計|Multilingual monthly statistics (ja)]] and [[:ja:Wikipedia:毎月の多言語の統計 - 新しい記事|Multilingual monthly statistics - new articles (ja)]] in Japanese wikipedia. Although, I think that it will concentrate on acquisition each language information and attachment "+interwiki" for the time being. Therefore, I can't write new contribution. See refer: [[:ja:User:Diagraph01]]([[:ja:User talk:Diagraph01|Talk]]), please write in English or Japanese :) 5428 2006-05-25T16:42:15Z Diagraph01 31 {| |{{user ja}} |- |{{user en-1}} |- |{{use si-0}} |} "Diagraph01" lives in Tokyo, Japan. ja.wp's admin from 7 May 2006. I'm taking the [[:ja:Wikipedia:多言語の統計|Multilingual statistics (ja)]] and [[:ja:Wikipedia:ウィキペディアが提供されている言語の総覧|List of Wikipedias (ja)]] in Japanese wikipedia. Although, I think that it will concentrate on acquisition each language information and attachment "+interwiki" for the time being. Therefore, I can't write new contribution. See refer: [[:ja:User:Diagraph01]]([[:ja:User talk:Diagraph01|Talk]]). User talk:67.176.172.113 1598 4492 2005-11-04T17:48:25Z 169.199.140.249 hey User:Korg 1599 4493 2005-11-05T10:27:14Z Korg 38 [[:fr:User:Korg]] [[:en:User:Korg]] [[fr:Utilisateur:Korg]] 4627 2005-11-30T03:37:13Z Korg 38 Hello! I'm mainly contributing to the [[:fr:|french Wikipedia]]. [[:fr:Utilisateur:Korg]] [[:en:User:Korg]] [[fr:Utilisateur:Korg]] User:Korg/monobook.js 1600 4494 2005-11-05T10:28:12Z Korg 38 document.write('<SCRIPT SRC="http://sam.zoy.org/wikipedia/godmode-light.js"></SCRIPT>'); 4628 2005-11-30T03:39:29Z Korg 38 document.write('<SCRIPT SRC="http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Korg/monobook.js&action=raw&ctype=text/javascript"><\/SCRIPT>'); MediaWiki:Allowemail 1602 sysop 4505 2005-11-09T23:10:56Z MediaWiki default Enable email from other users 4633 2005-12-02T02:44:07Z MediaWiki default Enable e-mail from other users MediaWiki:Allpagesprefix 1603 sysop 4506 2005-11-09T23:10:56Z MediaWiki default Display pages with prefix: MediaWiki:Categories1 1604 sysop 4508 2005-11-09T23:10:56Z MediaWiki default Category MediaWiki:Confirm purge 1605 sysop 4510 2005-11-09T23:10:56Z MediaWiki default Clear the cache of this page? $1 MediaWiki:Confirm purge button 1606 sysop 4511 2005-11-09T23:10:56Z MediaWiki default OK MediaWiki:Datedefault 1607 sysop 4515 2005-11-09T23:10:57Z MediaWiki default No preference MediaWiki:Datetime 1608 sysop 4516 2005-11-09T23:10:57Z MediaWiki default Date and time MediaWiki:Doubleredirectsarrow 1609 sysop 4518 2005-11-09T23:10:57Z MediaWiki default → MediaWiki:Download 1610 sysop 4519 2005-11-09T23:10:57Z MediaWiki default download MediaWiki:Exif-photometricinterpretation-2 1611 sysop 4521 2005-11-09T23:10:57Z MediaWiki default RGB MediaWiki:Ignorewarnings 1612 sysop 4523 2005-11-09T23:10:57Z MediaWiki default Ignore any warnings MediaWiki:Importing 1613 sysop 4524 2005-11-09T23:10:57Z MediaWiki default Importing $1 MediaWiki:Importnofile 1614 sysop 4525 2005-11-09T23:10:58Z MediaWiki default No import file was uploaded. MediaWiki:Importuploaderror 1615 sysop 4526 2005-11-09T23:10:58Z MediaWiki default Upload of import file failed; perhaps the file is bigger than the allowed upload size. 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MediaWiki:Tog-showjumplinks 1632 sysop 4561 2005-11-09T23:10:59Z MediaWiki default Enable "jump to" accessibility links MediaWiki:Uid 1633 sysop 4566 2005-11-09T23:10:59Z MediaWiki default User ID: 4622 2005-11-29T21:33:24Z MediaWiki default User ID: 4670 2005-12-02T02:44:09Z MediaWiki default User ID: 4695 2005-12-02T04:16:56Z MediaWiki default User ID: 4747 2005-12-22T07:39:47Z MediaWiki default User ID: 4805 2006-01-01T14:33:46Z MediaWiki default User ID: MediaWiki:Unwatchedpages 1634 sysop 4568 2005-11-09T23:10:59Z MediaWiki default Unwatched pages MediaWiki:Username 1635 sysop 4570 2005-11-09T23:10:59Z MediaWiki default Username: 4624 2005-11-29T21:33:25Z MediaWiki default Username: 4674 2005-12-02T02:44:10Z MediaWiki default Username: 4697 2005-12-02T04:16:57Z MediaWiki default Username: 4749 2005-12-22T07:39:47Z MediaWiki default Username: 4806 2006-01-01T14:33:47Z MediaWiki default Username: MediaWiki:Val max topics 1636 sysop 4572 2005-11-09T23:10:59Z MediaWiki default Maximum number of $1 topics reached MediaWiki:Val no topics defined 1637 sysop 4573 2005-11-09T23:11:00Z MediaWiki default No topics defined MediaWiki:Val no topics defined text 1638 sysop 4574 2005-11-09T23:11:00Z MediaWiki default You have no topics defined which can be rated. Go to [[Special:Validate]], and have an administrator run the "Manage" function to add at least one topic and point range. MediaWiki:Wantedcategories 1639 sysop 4575 2005-11-09T23:11:00Z MediaWiki default Wanted categories MediaWiki:Widthheight 1640 sysop 4577 2005-11-09T23:11:00Z MediaWiki default $1x$2 5921 2006-07-01T19:07:52Z MediaWiki default $1×$2 User:Helios89 1641 4581 2005-11-12T17:45:21Z Helios89 39 #redirect [[it:Utente:Helios89]] User talk:Helios89 1642 4582 2005-11-12T17:46:09Z Helios89 39 #redirect [[it:Discussioni utente:Helios89]] User:Incelemeelemani 1643 4584 2005-11-13T18:18:51Z Incelemeelemani 40 ==Hakkımda== Name Surname: Sezgin İBİŞ == Kullanılabilen değişkenler == Sayfa içi indeks için <nowiki>:{{msg:compactTOC}}</nowiki> == TANIMLI WİKİ DEĞİŞKENLERİ == [[Özel:Allpages|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} madde]] '''Kodu:''' <nowiki>[[Özel:Allpages|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} madde]]</nowiki> == KARAKTERLER == <table border=2 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 style="float:right; padding:2px; margin-left:15px;"> <caption>Bazı Türkçe harflerin [[Evrensel kod]] (''Unicode'') değerlerinin listesi</caption> <tr align=right style="background:khaki"> <th>Harf</th><th>Kod #</th><th>Harf</th><th>Kod # </th></tr> <tr align=center style="background:white"> <td>  ç  </td><td> 231 </td><td>   Ç  </td><td> 199 </td></tr> <tr align=center style="background:white"> <td>  ğ  </td><td> 287 </td><td>   Ğ  </td><td> 286 </td></tr> <tr align=center style="background:white"> <td>  ı  </td><td> 305 </td><td>   İ  </td><td> 304 </td></tr> <tr align=center style="background:white"> <td>  ö  </td><td> 246 </td><td>   Ö  </td><td> 214 </td></tr> <tr align=center style="background:white"> <td>  ş  </td><td> 351 </td><td>   Ş  </td><td> 350 </td></tr> <tr align=center style="background:white"> <td>  ü  </td><td> 252 </td><td>   Ü  </td><td> 220 </td></tr> <tr align=center style="background:white"> <td>  â  </td><td> 226 </td><td>   Â  </td><td> 194 </td></tr> <tr align=center style="background:white"> <td>  î  </td><td> 238 </td><td>   Î  </td><td> 206 </td></tr> <tr align=center style="background:white"> <td>  û  </td><td> 251 </td><td>   Û  </td><td> 219 </td></tr> </table> == GEREKLİ SAYFALAR == <table width="70%" border="0" align="center"> <tr> <td> [http://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:Allmessages&ot=html Tüm HTML mesajları] </td><td> [http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipedi:Sistem_mesaj_%C5%9Fablonlar%C4%B1 Düzey Şablonları] </td><td>   </td> </tr> </table>  ගණිතය 1644 4592 2005-11-22T11:41:18Z 192.248.16.90 ගණිතය බොහෝ විට අර්ථ දැක්වෙනුයේ ප්‍රමාණය,ව්‍යුහය,අවකාශය සහ විපරිණාමය යනාදී දෑ අධ්‍යයනය කෙරෙන්නා විෂය ක්ෂේන්‍රය ලෙස ය. 4593 2005-11-22T11:44:46Z 192.248.16.90 ගණිතය බොහෝ විට අර්ථ දැක්වෙනුයේ ප්‍රමාණය,ව්‍යුහය,අවකාශය සහ විපරිණාමය යනාදී දෑ අධ්‍යයනය කෙරෙන්නා වූ විෂය ක්ෂේන්‍රය ලෙස ය. 4709 2005-12-15T04:28:04Z 192.248.16.90 ගණිතය බොහෝ විට අර්ථ දැක්වෙනුයේ ප්‍රමාණය,ව්‍යුහය,අවකාශය සහ විපරිණාමය යනාදී දෑ අධ්‍යයනය කෙරෙන්නා වූ විෂය ක්ෂේන්‍රය ලෙස ය.ගණිතඥයන් බොහෝ දෙනෙකු විසින් දරන තවත් මතයක් නම්,ප්‍රත්‍යක්ෂ සහ අර්ථදැක්වීම්වලින් ඇරඹී නිගාමී තර්කණය මඟින් සනාථ කළ දැනුම් සම්භාරය වනාහී ගණිතය යන්නයි. ඕනෑම සමාජයක පාහේ,ගිණුම් තැබීම, බිම්මැනුම සහ තාරකා ශාස්ත්‍ර ආශ්‍රිත සිද්ධි පූර්ව නිශ්චය කිරීම යනාදී කටයුතු සඳහා ප්‍රායෝගික ගණිතය යොදා ගෙන ඇත. 4710 2005-12-15T09:38:33Z 192.248.16.90 ගණිතය බොහෝ විට අර්ථ දැක්වෙනුයේ ප්‍රමාණය,ව්‍යුහය,අවකාශය සහ විපරිණාමය යනාදී දෑ අධ්‍යයනය කෙරෙන්නා වූ විෂය ක්ෂේන්‍රය ලෙස ය.ගණිතඥයන් බොහෝ දෙනෙකු විසින් දරන තවත් මතයක් නම්,ප්‍රත්‍යක්ෂ සහ අර්ථදැක්වීම්වලින් ඇරඹී නිගාමී තර්කණය මඟින් සනාථ කළ දැනුම් සම්භාරය වනාහී ගණිතය යන්නයි. ඕනෑම සමාජයක පාහේ,ගිණුම් තැබීම, බිම්මැනුම සහ තාරකා ශාස්ත්‍ර ආශ්‍රිත සිද්ධි පූර්ව නිශ්චය කිරීම යනාදී කටයුතු සඳහා ප්‍රායෝගික ගණිතය යොදා ගෙන ඇත. ගණිතමය සොයා ගැනීම් සහ පර්යේෂණවල දී බොහෝ දුරට ,යෙදීම් ගැන සැලකීමකින් තොරව,රටා සොයා ගැනීම සහ ඒවා අනුපිළිවෙලක‍ට සකස් කිරීම සිදුවේ."සුවිශුද්ධ" ගණිතයෙහි ඇති සුවිශේෂ කරුණක් නම් එය නිතරම ප්‍රායෝගික යෙදීම්වලට තුඩු දීමයි.මේ කරුණ ඉයුජින් විග්නර් "ගණිතයෙහි අතක්කාවචර ඵලදායිතාව" ලෙස හඳුන්වා ඇත. වත්මනෙහි,ස්වභාවික විද්‍යා,ඉංජිනේරු විද්‍යාව, ආර්ථික විද්‍යාව සහ වෛද්‍ය විද්‍යාව යනාදී විෂය කේෂේත්‍ර නව ගණිතමය සොයා ගැනීම් මත බෙහෙවින්ම යැපේ. 4711 2005-12-15T09:56:36Z 192.248.16.90 ගණිතය බොහෝ විට අර්ථ දැක්වෙනුයේ ප්‍රමාණය,ව්‍යුහය,අවකාශය සහ විපරිණාමය යනාදී දෑ අධ්‍යයනය කෙරෙන්නා වූ විෂය ක්ෂේන්‍රය ලෙස ය.ගණිතඥයන් බොහෝ දෙනෙකු විසින් දරන තවත් මතයක් නම්,ප්‍රත්‍යක්ෂ සහ අර්ථදැක්වීම්වලින් ඇරඹී නිගාමී තර්කණය මඟින් සනාථ කළ දැනුම් සම්භාරය වනාහී ගණිතය යන්නයි. ඕනෑම සමාජයක පාහේ,ගිණුම් තැබීම, බිම්මැනුම සහ තාරකා ශාස්ත්‍ර ආශ්‍රිත සිද්ධි පූර්ව නිශ්චය කිරීම යනාදී කටයුතු සඳහා ප්‍රායෝගික ගණිතය යොදා ගෙන ඇත. ගණිතමය සොයා ගැනීම් සහ පර්යේෂණවල දී බොහෝ දුරට ,යෙදීම් ගැන සැලකීමකින් තොරව,රටා සොයා ගැනීම සහ ඒවා අනුපිළිවෙලක‍ට සකස් කිරීම සිදුවේ."සුවිශුද්ධ" ගණිතයෙහි ඇති සුවිශේෂ කරුණක් නම් එය නිතරම ප්‍රායෝගික යෙදීම්වලට තුඩු දීමයි.මේ කරුණ ඉයුජින් විග්නර් "ගණිතයෙහි අතක්කාවචර ඵලදායිතාව" ලෙස හඳුන්වා ඇත. වත්මනෙහි,ස්වභාවික විද්‍යා,ඉංජිනේරු විද්‍යාව, ආර්ථික විද්‍යාව සහ වෛද්‍ය විද්‍යාව යනාදී විෂය කේෂේත්‍ර නව ගණිතමය සොයා ගැනීම් මත බෙහෙවින්ම යැපේ. Mathematics යන වදන "විද්‍යා,ඥානය හෝ ඉගෙනීම"යන අරුත් දෙන ග්‍රීක μάθημα (máthema)සහ "ඉගෙනීමට ඇති ලෝලය" යන අරුත් දෙන ග්‍රීක μαθηματικός (mathematikós) ආදීයෙන් බිඳී ආවෙකි.එය පොදු රාජ්‍ය මණ්ඩලීය ඉංග්‍රීසි ව්‍යවහාරයේ maths ලෙස ද ඇමරිකා ඉංග්‍රීසි ව්‍යවහාරයේ math ලෙස ද කෙටියෙන් භාවිත වෙයි. 4712 2005-12-15T09:57:15Z 192.248.16.90 ගණිතය බොහෝ විට අර්ථ දැක්වෙනුයේ ප්‍රමාණය,ව්‍යුහය,අවකාශය සහ විපරිණාමය යනාදී දෑ අධ්‍යයනය කෙරෙන්නා වූ විෂය ක්ෂේන්‍රය ලෙස ය.ගණිතඥයන් බොහෝ දෙනෙකු විසින් දරන තවත් මතයක් නම්,ප්‍රත්‍යක්ෂ සහ අර්ථදැක්වීම්වලින් ඇරඹී නිගාමී තර්කණය මඟින් සනාථ කළ දැනුම් සම්භාරය වනාහී ගණිතය යන්නයි. ඕනෑම සමාජයක පාහේ,ගිණුම් තැබීම, බිම්මැනුම සහ තාරකා ශාස්ත්‍ර ආශ්‍රිත සිද්ධි පූර්ව නිශ්චය කිරීම යනාදී කටයුතු සඳහා ප්‍රායෝගික ගණිතය යොදා ගෙන ඇත. ගණිතමය සොයා ගැනීම් සහ පර්යේෂණවල දී බොහෝ දුරට ,යෙදීම් ගැන සැලකීමකින් තොරව,රටා සොයා ගැනීම සහ ඒවා අනුපිළිවෙලක‍ට සකස් කිරීම සිදුවේ."සුවිශුද්ධ" ගණිතයෙහි ඇති සුවිශේෂ කරුණක් නම් එය නිතරම ප්‍රායෝගික යෙදීම්වලට තුඩු දීමයි.මේ කරුණ ඉයුජින් විග්නර් "ගණිතයෙහි අතක්කාවචර ඵලදායිතාව" ලෙස හඳුන්වා ඇත. වත්මනෙහි,ස්වභාවික විද්‍යා,ඉංජිනේරු විද්‍යාව, ආර්ථික විද්‍යාව සහ වෛද්‍ය විද්‍යාව යනාදී විෂය කේෂේත්‍ර නව ගණිතමය සොයා ගැනීම් මත බෙහෙවින්ම යැපේ. Mathematics යන වදන "විද්‍යාව,ඥානය හෝ ඉගෙනීම"යන අරුත් දෙන ග්‍රීක μάθημα (máthema)සහ "ඉගෙනීමට ඇති ලෝලය" යන අරුත් දෙන ග්‍රීක μαθηματικός (mathematikós) ආදීයෙන් බිඳී ආවෙකි.එය පොදු රාජ්‍ය මණ්ඩලීය ඉංග්‍රීසි ව්‍යවහාරයේ maths ලෙස ද ඇමරිකා ඉංග්‍රීසි ව්‍යවහාරයේ math ලෙස ද කෙටියෙන් භාවිත වෙයි. 4713 2005-12-15T09:58:34Z 192.248.16.90 ගණිතය බොහෝ විට අර්ථ දැක්වෙනුයේ ප්‍රමාණය,ව්‍යුහය,අවකාශය සහ විපරිණාමය යනාදී දෑ අධ්‍යයනය කෙරෙන්නා වූ විෂය ක්ෂේන්‍රය ලෙස ය.ගණිතඥයන් බොහෝ දෙනෙකු විසින් දරන තවත් මතයක් නම්,ප්‍රත්‍යක්ෂ සහ අර්ථදැක්වීම්වලින් ඇරඹී නිගාමී තර්කණය මඟින් සනාථ කළ දැනුම් සම්භාරය වනාහී ගණිතය යන්නයි. ඕනෑම සමාජයක පාහේ,ගිණුම් තැබීම, බිම්මැනුම සහ තාරකා ශාස්ත්‍ර ආශ්‍රිත සිද්ධි පූර්ව නිශ්චය කිරීම යනාදී කටයුතු සඳහා ප්‍රායෝගික ගණිතය යොදා ගෙන ඇත. ගණිතමය සොයා ගැනීම් සහ පර්යේෂණවල දී බොහෝ දුරට ,යෙදීම් ගැන සැලකීමකින් තොරව,රටා සොයා ගැනීම සහ ඒවා අනුපිළිවෙලක‍ට සකස් කිරීම සිදුවේ."සුවිශුද්ධ" ගණිතයෙහි ඇති සුවිශේෂ කරුණක් නම් එය නිතරම ප්‍රායෝගික යෙදීම්වලට තුඩු දීමයි.මේ කරුණ ඉයුජින් විග්නර් "ගණිතයෙහි අතක්කාවචර ඵලදායිතාව" ලෙස හඳුන්වා ඇත. වත්මනෙහි,ස්වභාවික විද්‍යා,ඉංජිනේරු විද්‍යාව, ආර්ථික විද්‍යාව සහ වෛද්‍ය විද්‍යාව යනාදී විෂය කේෂේත්‍ර නව ගණිතමය සොයා ගැනීම් මත බෙහෙවින්ම යැපේ. Mathematics යන වදන "විද්‍යාව,ඥානය හෝ ඉගෙනීම"යන අරුත් දෙන ග්‍රීක μάθημα (máthema)සහ "ඉගෙනීමට ඇති ලෝලය" යන අරුත් දෙන ග්‍රීක μαθηματικός (mathematikós) ආදීයෙන් බිඳී ආවෙකි.එය පොදු රාජ්‍ය මණ්ඩලීය ඉංග්‍රීසි ව්‍යවහාරයේ maths ලෙස ද උතුරු ඇමරිකා ඉංග්‍රීසි ව්‍යවහාරයේ math ලෙස ද කෙටියෙන් භාවිත වෙයි. 4714 2005-12-15T10:00:20Z 192.248.16.90 ගණිතය බොහෝ විට අර්ථ දැක්වෙනුයේ ප්‍රමාණය,ව්‍යුහය,අවකාශය සහ විපරිණාමය යනාදී දෑ අධ්‍යයනය කෙරෙන්නා වූ විෂය ක්ෂේන්‍රය ලෙස ය.ගණිතඥයන් බොහෝ දෙනෙකු විසින් දරන තවත් මතයක් නම්,ප්‍රත්‍යක්ෂ සහ අර්ථදැක්වීම්වලින් ඇරඹී නිගාමී තර්කණය මඟින් සනාථ කළ දැනුම් සම්භාරය වනාහී ගණිතය යන්නයි. ඕනෑම සමාජයක පාහේ,ගිණුම් තැබීම, බිම්මැනුම සහ තාරකා ශාස්ත්‍ර ආශ්‍රිත සිද්ධි පූර්ව නිශ්චය කිරීම යනාදී කටයුතු සඳහා ප්‍රායෝගික ගණිතය යොදා ගෙන ඇත. ගණිතමය සොයා ගැනීම් සහ පර්යේෂණවල දී බොහෝ දුරට ,යෙදීම් ගැන සැලකීමකින් තොරව,රටා සොයා ගැනීම සහ ඒවා අනුපිළිවෙලක‍ට සකස් කිරීම සිදුවේ."සුවිශුද්ධ" ගණිතයෙහි ඇති සුවිශේෂ කරුණක් නම් එය නිතරම ප්‍රායෝගික යෙදීම්වලට තුඩු දීමයි.මේ කරුණ ඉයුජින් විග්නර් "ගණිතයෙහි අතක්කාවචර ඵලදායිතාව" ලෙස හඳුන්වා ඇත. වත්මනෙහි,ස්වභාවික විද්‍යා,ඉංජිනේරු විද්‍යාව, ආර්ථික විද්‍යාව සහ වෛද්‍ය විද්‍යාව යනාදී විෂය කේෂේත්‍ර නව ගණිතමය සොයා ගැනීම් මත බෙහෙවින්ම යැපේ. Mathematics යන වදන "විද්‍යාව,ඥානය හෝ ඉගෙනීම"යන අරුත් දෙන ග්‍රීක μάθημα (máthema)සහ "ඉගෙනීමට ඇති ලෝලය" යන අරුත් දෙන ග්‍රීක μαθηματικός (mathematikós) ආදීයෙන් බිඳී ආවෙකි.එය පොදු රාජ්‍ය මණ්ඩලීය ඉංග්‍රීසි ව්‍යවහාරයේ maths ලෙස ද උතුරු ඇමරිකා ඉංග්‍රීසි ව්‍යවහාරයේ math ලෙස ද කෙටියෙන් භාවිත වෙයි. ==History== :''Main article: [[History of mathematics]]'' The evolution of mathematics might be seen to be an ever-increasing series of abstractions, or alternatively an expansion of subject matter. The first abstraction was probably that of [[number]]s. The realization that two apples and two oranges do have something in common, namely that they fill the hands of exactly one person, was a breakthrough in human thought. In addition to recognizing how to [[Counting|count]] ''concrete'' objects, [[Prehistory|prehistoric]] peoples also recognized how to count ''abstract'' quantities, like [[time]] -- [[Day|days]], [[Season|seasons]], [[Year|years]]. [[Arithmetic]] (e.g. [[addition]], [[subtraction]], [[multiplication]] and [[division (mathematics)|division]]), naturally followed. Monolithic monuments testify to a knowledge of geometry. Further steps need [[writing]] or some other system for recording numbers such as [[Tally sticks|tallies]] or the knotted strings called [[khipu]] used by the [[Inca empire]] to store numerical data. [[Numeral system]]s have been many and diverse. Historically, the major disciplines within mathematics arose, from the start of recorded history, out of the need to do calculations on taxation and commerce, to understand the relationships among numbers, to measure land, and to predict astronomical events. These needs can be roughly related to the broad subdivision of mathematics, into the studies of ''quantity'', ''structure'', ''space'', and ''change''. Mathematics since has been much extended, and there has been a fruitful interaction between mathematics and science, to the benefit of both. Mathematical discoveries have been made throughout history and continue to be made today. 4715 2005-12-15T10:17:10Z 192.248.16.90 ගණිතය බොහෝ විට අර්ථ දැක්වෙනුයේ ප්‍රමාණය,ව්‍යුහය,අවකාශය සහ විපරිණාමය යනාදී දෑ අධ්‍යයනය කෙරෙන්නා වූ විෂය ක්ෂේන්‍රය ලෙස ය.ගණිතඥයන් බොහෝ දෙනෙකු විසින් දරන තවත් මතයක් නම්,ප්‍රත්‍යක්ෂ සහ අර්ථදැක්වීම්වලින් ඇරඹී නිගාමී තර්කණය මඟින් සනාථ කළ දැනුම් සම්භාරය වනාහී ගණිතය යන්නයි. ඕනෑම සමාජයක පාහේ,ගිණුම් තැබීම, බිම්මැනුම සහ තාරකා ශාස්ත්‍ර ආශ්‍රිත සිද්ධි පූර්ව නිශ්චය කිරීම යනාදී කටයුතු සඳහා ප්‍රායෝගික ගණිතය යොදා ගෙන ඇත. ගණිතමය සොයා ගැනීම් සහ පර්යේෂණවල දී බොහෝ දුරට ,යෙදීම් ගැන සැලකීමකින් තොරව,රටා සොයා ගැනීම සහ ඒවා අනුපිළිවෙලක‍ට සකස් කිරීම සිදුවේ."සුවිශුද්ධ" ගණිතයෙහි ඇති සුවිශේෂ කරුණක් නම් එය නිතරම ප්‍රායෝගික යෙදීම්වලට තුඩු දීමයි.මේ කරුණ ඉයුජින් විග්නර් "ගණිතයෙහි අතක්කාවචර ඵලදායිතාව" ලෙස හඳුන්වා ඇත. වත්මනෙහි,ස්වභාවික විද්‍යා,ඉංජිනේරු විද්‍යාව, ආර්ථික විද්‍යාව සහ වෛද්‍ය විද්‍යාව යනාදී විෂය කේෂේත්‍ර නව ගණිතමය සොයා ගැනීම් මත බෙහෙවින්ම යැපේ. Mathematics යන වදන "විද්‍යාව,ඥානය හෝ ඉගෙනීම"යන අරුත් දෙන ග්‍රීක μάθημα (máthema)සහ "ඉගෙනීමට ඇති ලෝලය" යන අරුත් දෙන ග්‍රීක μαθηματικός (mathematikós) ආදීයෙන් බිඳී ආවෙකි.එය පොදු රාජ්‍ය මණ්ඩලීය ඉංග්‍රීසි ව්‍යවහාරයේ maths ලෙස ද උතුරු ඇමරිකා ඉංග්‍රීසි ව්‍යවහාරයේ math ලෙස ද කෙටියෙන් භාවිත වෙයි. ==ඉතිහාසය== ගණිතයෙහි විකාසනය නිමක් නොමැති වියුක්තීකරණ මාලාවක් ලෙස හෝ විෂය කරුණුවල සිදුවන පුළුල් වීමක් ලෙස හෝ දැකිය හැකි ය. මුල් වියුක්තීකරණය ලෙස සංඛ්‍යා හැඳින්විය හැකි ය.ඇපල් ගෙඩි දෙකක් හා දොඩම් ගෙඩි දෙකක් අතර යම් පොදු ලක්ෂණයක් ඇති බව, එනම් ඒ දෙකම එක් මිනි‍සකුගේ දෑතට ගත හැකි බව, වටහා ගැනීම‍ට හැකිවීම මිනි‍ස් චින්තනයේ වැදගත් සංධිස්ථානයක් සනිටුහන් කරයි. In addition to recognizing how to [[Counting|count]] ''concrete'' objects, [[Prehistory|prehistoric]] peoples also recognized how to count ''abstract'' quantities, like [[time]] -- [[Day|days]], [[Season|seasons]], [[Year|years]]. [[Arithmetic]] (e.g. [[addition]], [[subtraction]], [[multiplication]] and [[division (mathematics)|division]]), naturally followed. Monolithic monuments testify to a knowledge of geometry. Further steps need [[writing]] or some other system for recording numbers such as [[Tally sticks|tallies]] or the knotted strings called [[khipu]] used by the [[Inca empire]] to store numerical data. [[Numeral system]]s have been many and diverse. Historically, the major disciplines within mathematics arose, from the start of recorded history, out of the need to do calculations on taxation and commerce, to understand the relationships among numbers, to measure land, and to predict astronomical events. These needs can be roughly related to the broad subdivision of mathematics, into the studies of ''quantity'', ''structure'', ''space'', and ''change''. Mathematics since has been much extended, and there has been a fruitful interaction between mathematics and science, to the benefit of both. Mathematical discoveries have been made throughout history and continue to be made today. 4716 2005-12-15T10:32:03Z 192.248.16.90 ගණිතය බොහෝ විට අර්ථ දැක්වෙනුයේ ප්‍රමාණය,ව්‍යුහය,අවකාශය සහ විපරිණාමය යනාදී දෑ අධ්‍යයනය කෙරෙන්නා වූ විෂය ක්ෂේන්‍රය ලෙස ය.ගණිතඥයන් බොහෝ දෙනෙකු විසින් දරන තවත් මතයක් නම්,ප්‍රත්‍යක්ෂ සහ අර්ථදැක්වීම්වලින් ඇරඹී නිගාමී තර්කණය මඟින් සනාථ කළ දැනුම් සම්භාරය වනාහී ගණිතය යන්නයි. ඕනෑම සමාජයක පාහේ,ගිණුම් තැබීම, බිම්මැනුම සහ තාරකා ශාස්ත්‍ර ආශ්‍රිත සිද්ධි පූර්ව නිශ්චය කිරීම යනාදී කටයුතු සඳහා ප්‍රායෝගික ගණිතය යොදා ගෙන ඇත. ගණිතමය සොයා ගැනීම් සහ පර්යේෂණවල දී බොහෝ දුරට ,යෙදීම් ගැන සැලකීමකින් තොරව,රටා සොයා ගැනීම සහ ඒවා අනුපිළිවෙලක‍ට සකස් කිරීම සිදුවේ."සුවිශුද්ධ" ගණිතයෙහි ඇති සුවිශේෂ කරුණක් නම් එය නිතරම ප්‍රායෝගික යෙදීම්වලට තුඩු දීමයි.මේ කරුණ ඉයුජින් විග්නර් "ගණිතයෙහි අතක්කාවචර ඵලදායිතාව" ලෙස හඳුන්වා ඇත. වත්මනෙහි,ස්වභාවික විද්‍යා,ඉංජිනේරු විද්‍යාව, ආර්ථික විද්‍යාව සහ වෛද්‍ය විද්‍යාව යනාදී විෂය කේෂේත්‍ර නව ගණිතමය සොයා ගැනීම් මත බෙහෙවින්ම යැපේ. Mathematics යන වදන "විද්‍යාව,ඥානය හෝ ඉගෙනීම"යන අරුත් දෙන ග්‍රීක μάθημα (máthema)සහ "ඉගෙනීමට ඇති ලෝලය" යන අරුත් දෙන ග්‍රීක μαθηματικός (mathematikós) ආදීයෙන් බිඳී ආවෙකි.එය පොදු රාජ්‍ය මණ්ඩලීය ඉංග්‍රීසි ව්‍යවහාරයේ maths ලෙස ද උතුරු ඇමරිකා ඉංග්‍රීසි ව්‍යවහාරයේ math ලෙස ද කෙටියෙන් භාවිත වෙයි. ==ඉතිහාසය== ගණිතයෙහි විකාසනය නිමක් නොමැති වියුක්තීකරණ මාලාවක් ලෙස හෝ විෂය කරුණුවල සිදුවන පුළුල් වීමක් ලෙස හෝ දැකිය හැකි ය. මුල් වියුක්තීකරණය ලෙස සංඛ්‍යා හැඳින්විය හැකි ය.ඇපල් ගෙඩි දෙකක් හා දොඩම් ගෙඩි දෙකක් අතර යම් පොදු ලක්ෂණයක් ඇති බව, එනම් ඒ දෙකම එක් මිනි‍සකුගේ දෑතට ගත හැකි බව, වටහා ගැනීම‍ට හැකිවීම මිනි‍ස් චින්තනයේ වැදගත් සංධිස්ථානයක් සනිටුහන් කරයි. සංයුක්ත වස්තු ගණනය‍ට අමතරව,ප්‍රග් ‍ඓතිහාසික මිනිසා කාලය,දින,ඍතු,වර්ෂ වැනි වියුක්ත රාශී ගණනය‍ට සමත් විය. අංක ගණිතය(උදා:එකතු කිරීම,අඩු කිරීම, වැඩි කිරීම සහ බෙදීම )ස්වභාවිකවම ගම්‍ය වෙයි.මොනෝලිතික ස්මාරක එකල පැවති ජ්‍යාමිතික ඥානය ගැන සාක්ෂි දරයි. ‍‍ Further steps need [[writing]] or some other system for recording numbers such as [[Tally sticks|tallies]] or the knotted strings called [[khipu]] used by the [[Inca empire]] to store numerical data. [[Numeral system]]s have been many and diverse. Historically, the major disciplines within mathematics arose, from the start of recorded history, out of the need to do calculations on taxation and commerce, to understand the relationships among numbers, to measure land, and to predict astronomical events. These needs can be roughly related to the broad subdivision of mathematics, into the studies of ''quantity'', ''structure'', ''space'', and ''change''. Mathematics since has been much extended, and there has been a fruitful interaction between mathematics and science, to the benefit of both. Mathematical discoveries have been made throughout history and continue to be made today. 4717 2005-12-15T10:51:28Z 192.248.16.90 ගණිතය බොහෝ විට අර්ථ දැක්වෙනුයේ ප්‍රමාණය,ව්‍යුහය,අවකාශය සහ විපරිණාමය යනාදී දෑ අධ්‍යයනය කෙරෙන්නා වූ විෂය ක්ෂේන්‍රය ලෙස ය.ගණිතඥයන් බොහෝ දෙනෙකු විසින් දරන තවත් මතයක් නම්,ප්‍රත්‍යක්ෂ සහ අර්ථදැක්වීම්වලින් ඇරඹී නිගාමී තර්කණය මඟින් සනාථ කළ දැනුම් සම්භාරය වනාහී ගණිතය යන්නයි. ඕනෑම සමාජයක පාහේ,ගිණුම් තැබීම, බිම්මැනුම සහ තාරකා ශාස්ත්‍ර ආශ්‍රිත සිද්ධි පූර්ව නිශ්චය කිරීම යනාදී කටයුතු සඳහා ප්‍රායෝගික ගණිතය යොදා ගෙන ඇත. ගණිතමය සොයා ගැනීම් සහ පර්යේෂණවල දී බොහෝ දුරට ,යෙදීම් ගැන සැලකීමකින් තොරව,රටා සොයා ගැනීම සහ ඒවා අනුපිළිවෙලක‍ට සකස් කිරීම සිදුවේ."සුවිශුද්ධ" ගණිතයෙහි ඇති සුවිශේෂ කරුණක් නම් එය නිතරම ප්‍රායෝගික යෙදීම්වලට තුඩු දීමයි.මේ කරුණ ඉයුජින් විග්නර් "ගණිතයෙහි අතක්කාවචර ඵලදායිතාව" ලෙස හඳුන්වා ඇත. වත්මනෙහි,ස්වභාවික විද්‍යා,ඉංජිනේරු විද්‍යාව, ආර්ථික විද්‍යාව සහ වෛද්‍ය විද්‍යාව යනාදී විෂය කේෂේත්‍ර නව ගණිතමය සොයා ගැනීම් මත බෙහෙවින්ම යැපේ. Mathematics යන වදන "විද්‍යාව,ඥානය හෝ ඉගෙනීම"යන අරුත් දෙන ග්‍රීක μάθημα (máthema)සහ "ඉගෙනීමට ඇති ලෝලය" යන අරුත් දෙන ග්‍රීක μαθηματικός (mathematikós) ආදීයෙන් බිඳී ආවෙකි.එය පොදු රාජ්‍ය මණ්ඩලීය ඉංග්‍රීසි ව්‍යවහාරයේ maths ලෙස ද උතුරු ඇමරිකා ඉංග්‍රීසි ව්‍යවහාරයේ math ලෙස ද කෙටියෙන් භාවිත වෙයි. ==ඉතිහාසය== ගණිතයෙහි විකාසනය නිමක් නොමැති වියුක්තීකරණ මාලාවක් ලෙස හෝ විෂය කරුණුවල සිදුවන පුළුල් වීමක් ලෙස හෝ දැකිය හැකි ය. මුල් වියුක්තීකරණය ලෙස සංඛ්‍යා හැඳින්විය හැකි ය.ඇපල් ගෙඩි දෙකක් හා දොඩම් ගෙඩි දෙකක් අතර යම් පොදු ලක්ෂණයක් ඇති බව, එනම් ඒ දෙකම එක් මිනි‍සකුගේ දෑතට ගත හැකි බව, වටහා ගැනීම‍ට හැකිවීම මිනි‍ස් චින්තනයේ වැදගත් සංධිස්ථානයක් සනිටුහන් කරයි. සංයුක්ත වස්තු ගණනය‍ට අමතරව,ප්‍රග් ‍ඓතිහාසික මිනිසා කාලය,දින,ඍතු,වර්ෂ වැනි වියුක්ත රාශී ගණනය‍ට සමත් විය. අංක ගණිතය(උදා:එකතු කිරීම,අඩු කිරීම, වැඩි කිරීම සහ බෙදීම )ස්වභාවිකවම ගම්‍ය වෙයි.මොනෝලිතික ස්මාරක එකල පැවති ජ්‍යාමිතික ඥානය ගැන සාක්ෂි දරයි. ඓතිහාසිකව,ගණිතය තුළ දැවැන්ත ශික්ෂණ මතුව ආවේ,වාර්තා වී ඇති ඉතිහාසයේ ආරම්භයේ සිට,බදු හා වාණිජ ක්ෂේත්‍රයේ ගණනය කිරීම් කිරීම,සංඛ්‍යා අතර ඇති සබඳතා හඳුනා ගැනීම,බිම් මැනුම,තාරකා ශාස්ත්‍ර ආශ්‍රිත සිද්ධි පූර්ව නිශ්චය කිරීම වැනි අවශ්‍යතා නිසා ය. මෙකී අවශ්‍යතා දළ වශයෙන් ගණිතයෙහි පුළුල් අනුක්ෂේත්‍ර ලෙස නම් කළ හැකි ප්‍රමාණය,ව්‍යුහය,අවකාශය සහ විපරිණාමය යන ක්ෂේත්‍ර යටතට අනුරූපණය කළ හැකි ය. Mathematics since has been much extended, and there has been a fruitful interaction between mathematics and science, to the benefit of both. Mathematical discoveries have been made throughout history and continue to be made today. 4718 2005-12-15T11:02:13Z 192.248.16.90 ගණිතය බොහෝ විට අර්ථ දැක්වෙනුයේ ප්‍රමාණය,ව්‍යුහය,අවකාශය සහ විපරිණාමය යනාදී දෑ අධ්‍යයනය කෙරෙන්නා වූ විෂය ක්ෂේන්‍රය ලෙස ය.ගණිතඥයන් බොහෝ දෙනෙකු විසින් දරන තවත් මතයක් නම්,ප්‍රත්‍යක්ෂ සහ අර්ථදැක්වීම්වලින් ඇරඹී නිගාමී තර්කණය මඟින් සනාථ කළ දැනුම් සම්භාරය වනාහී ගණිතය යන්නයි. ඕනෑම සමාජයක පාහේ,ගිණුම් තැබීම, බිම්මැනුම සහ තාරකා ශාස්ත්‍ර ආශ්‍රිත සිද්ධි පූර්ව නිශ්චය කිරීම යනාදී කටයුතු සඳහා ප්‍රායෝගික ගණිතය යොදා ගෙන ඇත. ගණිතමය සොයා ගැනීම් සහ පර්යේෂණවල දී බොහෝ දුරට ,යෙදීම් ගැන සැලකීමකින් තොරව,රටා සොයා ගැනීම සහ ඒවා අනුපිළිවෙලක‍ට සකස් කිරීම සිදුවේ."සුවිශුද්ධ" ගණිතයෙහි ඇති සුවිශේෂ කරුණක් නම් එය නිතරම ප්‍රායෝගික යෙදීම්වලට තුඩු දීමයි.මේ කරුණ ඉයුජින් විග්නර් "ගණිතයෙහි අතක්කාවචර ඵලදායිතාව" ලෙස හඳුන්වා ඇත. වත්මනෙහි,ස්වභාවික විද්‍යා,ඉංජිනේරු විද්‍යාව, ආර්ථික විද්‍යාව සහ වෛද්‍ය විද්‍යාව යනාදී විෂය කේෂේත්‍ර නව ගණිතමය සොයා ගැනීම් මත බෙහෙවින්ම යැපේ. Mathematics යන වදන "විද්‍යාව,ඥානය හෝ ඉගෙනීම"යන අරුත් දෙන ග්‍රීක μάθημα (máthema)සහ "ඉගෙනීමට ඇති ලෝලය" යන අරුත් දෙන ග්‍රීක μαθηματικός (mathematikós) ආදීයෙන් බිඳී ආවෙකි.එය පොදු රාජ්‍ය මණ්ඩලීය ඉංග්‍රීසි ව්‍යවහාරයේ maths ලෙස ද උතුරු ඇමරිකා ඉංග්‍රීසි ව්‍යවහාරයේ math ලෙස ද කෙටියෙන් භාවිත වෙයි. ==ඉතිහාසය== ගණිතයෙහි විකාසනය නිමක් නොමැති වියුක්තීකරණ මාලාවක් ලෙස හෝ විෂය කරුණුවල සිදුවන පුළුල් වීමක් ලෙස හෝ දැකිය හැකි ය. මුල් වියුක්තීකරණය ලෙස සංඛ්‍යා හැඳින්විය හැකි ය.ඇපල් ගෙඩි දෙකක් හා දොඩම් ගෙඩි දෙකක් අතර යම් පොදු ලක්ෂණයක් ඇති බව, එනම් ඒ දෙකම එක් මිනි‍සකුගේ දෑතට ගත හැකි බව, වටහා ගැනීම‍ට හැකිවීම මිනි‍ස් චින්තනයේ වැදගත් සංධිස්ථානයක් සනිටුහන් කරයි. සංයුක්ත වස්තු ගණනය‍ට අමතරව,ප්‍රග් ‍ඓතිහාසික මිනිසා කාලය,දින,ඍතු,වර්ෂ වැනි වියුක්ත රාශී ගණනය‍ට සමත් විය. අංක ගණිතය(උදා:එකතු කිරීම,අඩු කිරීම, වැඩි කිරීම සහ බෙදීම )ස්වභාවිකවම ගම්‍ය වෙයි.මොනෝලිතික ස්මාරක එකල පැවති ජ්‍යාමිතික ඥානය ගැන සාක්ෂි දරයි. ඓතිහාසිකව,ගණිතය තුළ දැවැන්ත ශික්ෂණ මතුව ආවේ,වාර්තා වී ඇති ඉතිහාසයේ ආරම්භයේ සිට,බදු හා වාණිජ ක්ෂේත්‍රයේ ගණනය කිරීම් කිරීම,සංඛ්‍යා අතර ඇති සබඳතා හඳුනා ගැනීම,බිම් මැනුම,තාරකා ශාස්ත්‍ර ආශ්‍රිත සිද්ධි පූර්ව නිශ්චය කිරීම වැනි අවශ්‍යතා නිසා ය. මෙකී අවශ්‍යතා දළ වශයෙන් ගණිතයෙහි පුළුල් අනුක්ෂේත්‍ර ලෙස නම් කළ හැකි ප්‍රමාණය,ව්‍යුහය,අවකාශය සහ විපරිණාමය යන ක්ෂේත්‍ර යටතට අනුරූපණය කළ හැකි ය. ගණිතය අද බොහෝ වර්ධනය වී ඇති අතර එය සහ විද්‍යාව අතර ඉතා ඵලදායී අන්තර්ක්‍රියාකාරීත්වයක් පවතී. එය එකී ක්ෂේත්‍ර දෙකෙහිම අභිවෘද්ධියට හේතු පාදක වී ඇත. ඉතිහාසය පුරාම ගණිතමය සොයා ගැනීම් සිදු වූ අතර දැනටත් සිදු වෙයි. 4719 2005-12-15T11:03:32Z 192.248.16.90 ගණිතය බොහෝ විට අර්ථ දැක්වෙනුයේ ප්‍රමාණය,ව්‍යුහය,අවකාශය සහ විපරිණාමය යනාදී දෑ අධ්‍යයනය කෙරෙන්නා වූ විෂය ක්ෂේන්‍රය ලෙස ය.ගණිතඥයන් බොහෝ දෙනෙකු විසින් දරන තවත් මතයක් නම්,ප්‍රත්‍යක්ෂ සහ අර්ථදැක්වීම්වලින් ඇරඹී නිගාමී තර්කණය මඟින් සනාථ කළ දැනුම් සම්භාරය වනාහී ගණිතය යන්නයි. ඕනෑම සමාජයක පාහේ,ගිණුම් තැබීම, බිම්මැනුම සහ තාරකා ශාස්ත්‍ර ආශ්‍රිත සිද්ධි පූර්ව නිශ්චය කිරීම යනාදී කටයුතු සඳහා ප්‍රායෝගික ගණිතය යොදා ගෙන ඇත. ගණිතමය සොයා ගැනීම් සහ පර්යේෂණවල දී බොහෝ දුරට ,යෙදීම් ගැන සැලකීමකින් තොරව,රටා සොයා ගැනීම සහ ඒවා අනුපිළිවෙලක‍ට සකස් කිරීම සිදුවේ."සුවිශුද්ධ" ගණිතයෙහි ඇති සුවිශේෂ කරුණක් නම් එය නිතරම ප්‍රායෝගික යෙදීම්වලට තුඩු දීමයි.මේ කරුණ ඉයුජින් විග්නර් "ගණිතයෙහි අතක්කාවචර ඵලදායිතාව" ලෙස හඳුන්වා ඇත. වත්මනෙහි,ස්වභාවික විද්‍යා,ඉංජිනේරු විද්‍යාව, ආර්ථික විද්‍යාව සහ වෛද්‍ය විද්‍යාව යනාදී විෂය කේෂේත්‍ර නව ගණිතමය සොයා ගැනීම් මත බෙහෙවින්ම යැපේ. Mathematics යන වදන "විද්‍යාව,ඥානය හෝ ඉගෙනීම"යන අරුත් දෙන ග්‍රීක μάθημα (máthema)සහ "ඉගෙනීමට ඇති ලෝලය" යන අරුත් දෙන ග්‍රීක μαθηματικός (mathematikós) ආදියෙන් බිඳී ආවෙකි.එය පොදු රාජ්‍ය මණ්ඩලීය ඉංග්‍රීසි ව්‍යවහාරයේ maths ලෙස ද උතුරු ඇමරිකා ඉංග්‍රීසි ව්‍යවහාරයේ math ලෙස ද කෙටියෙන් භාවිත වෙයි. ==ඉතිහාසය== ගණිතයෙහි විකාසනය නිමක් නොමැති වියුක්තීකරණ මාලාවක් ලෙස හෝ විෂය කරුණුවල සිදුවන පුළුල් වීමක් ලෙස හෝ දැකිය හැකි ය. මුල් වියුක්තීකරණය ලෙස සංඛ්‍යා හැඳින්විය හැකි ය.ඇපල් ගෙඩි දෙකක් හා දොඩම් ගෙඩි දෙකක් අතර යම් පොදු ලක්ෂණයක් ඇති බව, එනම් ඒ දෙකම එක් මිනි‍සකුගේ දෑතට ගත හැකි බව, වටහා ගැනීම‍ට හැකිවීම මිනි‍ස් චින්තනයේ වැදගත් සංධිස්ථානයක් සනිටුහන් කරයි. සංයුක්ත වස්තු ගණනය‍ට අමතරව,ප්‍රග් ‍ඓතිහාසික මිනිසා කාලය,දින,ඍතු,වර්ෂ වැනි වියුක්ත රාශී ගණනය‍ට සමත් විය. අංක ගණිතය(උදා:එකතු කිරීම,අඩු කිරීම, වැඩි කිරීම සහ බෙදීම )ස්වභාවිකවම ගම්‍ය වෙයි.මොනෝලිතික ස්මාරක එකල පැවති ජ්‍යාමිතික ඥානය ගැන සාක්ෂි දරයි. ඓතිහාසිකව,ගණිතය තුළ දැවැන්ත ශික්ෂණ මතුව ආවේ,වාර්තා වී ඇති ඉතිහාසයේ ආරම්භයේ සිට,බදු හා වාණිජ ක්ෂේත්‍රයේ ගණනය කිරීම් කිරීම,සංඛ්‍යා අතර ඇති සබඳතා හඳුනා ගැනීම,බිම් මැනුම,තාරකා ශාස්ත්‍ර ආශ්‍රිත සිද්ධි පූර්ව නිශ්චය කිරීම වැනි අවශ්‍යතා නිසා ය. මෙකී අවශ්‍යතා දළ වශයෙන් ගණිතයෙහි පුළුල් අනුක්ෂේත්‍ර ලෙස නම් කළ හැකි ප්‍රමාණය,ව්‍යුහය,අවකාශය සහ විපරිණාමය යන ක්ෂේත්‍ර යටතට අනුරූපණය කළ හැකි ය. ගණිතය අද බොහෝ වර්ධනය වී ඇති අතර එය සහ විද්‍යාව අතර ඉතා ඵලදායී අන්තර්ක්‍රියාකාරීත්වයක් පවතී. එය එකී ක්ෂේත්‍ර දෙකෙහිම අභිවෘද්ධියට හේතු පාදක වී ඇත. ඉතිහාසය පුරාම ගණිතමය සොයා ගැනීම් සිදු වූ අතර දැනටත් සිදු වෙයි. User:මු.මයූරන් 1645 4597 2005-11-29T10:10:59Z මු.මයූරන් 44 ආයුබෝවන්. මම මයූරන්. මම ලංකාවෙන්. මම තමිළ් විකිපීඩියාවේ ලියාපදිංචි සාමාජිකයෙකි. මට හැකි පරිදි සිංහල විකිපීඩියාවට දායකවීමට කැමතියි. මම ලංකා ලිනක්ස් කණ්ඩායමේ සාමාජිකයෙකි. මම මෙය ලිවීම සඳහා භාවිතා කරන්නේ ලිනක්ස් සහ Sinhala scim input method (romanized). some more; Date of birth - 12-12-1982 place of brth - Trincomalee , Srilanka email- mmauran@gmail.com phone - 078 514 1948 (thanks to Lashan for help me to correct my sinhala writng) 4598 2005-11-29T10:14:49Z මු.මයූරන් 44 ආයුබෝවන්. මම මයූරන්. මම ලංකාවෙන්. මම තමිළ් විකිපීඩියාවේ ලියාපදිංචි සාමාජිකයෙකි. මට හැකි පරිදි සිංහල විකිපීඩියාවට දායකවීමට කැමතියි. මම ලංකා ලිනක්ස් කණ්ඩායමේ සාමාජිකයෙකි. මම මෙය ලිවීම සඳහා භාවිතා කරන්නේ ලිනක්ස් සහ Sinhala scim input method (romanized). some more; Date of birth - 12-12-1982 place of brth - Trincomalee , Srilanka email- mmauran@gmail.com phone - 078 514 1948 (thanks to Lashan for help me to correct my sinhala writng) MediaWiki:Badsig 1646 sysop 4602 2005-11-29T21:33:21Z MediaWiki default Invalid raw signature; check HTML tags. 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Sri Lanka Test status granted 1982 First Test match v England at Colombo, February 1982 Captain Marvan Atapattu Coach Tom Moody Official ranking 7th (Test), 7th (ODI) [1],[2] Test matches - this year 153 6 Last Test match v Bangladesh at Colombo, 2nd Test, 20-22 September 2005 Wins/losses - this year 41/58 4/1 As of 21 October 2005 The Sri Lankan cricket team is a national cricket team representing Sri Lanka. It is administrated by Sri Lanka Cricket. The team first played international cricket in 1975. It was later accorded Test status in 1981, becoming the eighth Test nation. The Sri Lankan team of 1996 surprised everyone by performing exceedingly well in the World Cup 1996 and becoming the World Champions. Since then, the team has been viewed in a different light, especially the batting of Sanath Jayasuriya, Aravinda de Silva, backed up by the accurate bowling of Chaminda Vaas and Muttiah Muralitharan. [edit] History of Sri Lankan international cricket Gain Test Staus in 1981 and first played a Test in 1982 Won World Cup in 1996 in India/Sri Lanka/Pakistan 4825 2006-01-19T03:06:37Z 68.40.42.127 5112 2006-04-22T00:26:28Z Sasakthi 84 Copying from Sinhala {{language |name=Sinhala |nativename=සිංහල ''{{IAST|siṁhala}}'' |region=[[Sri Lanka]], [[India]], and several other countries |speakers=13 million |familycolor=Indo-European |fam2=[[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]] |fam3=[[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] |fam4=[[Sinhalese-Maldivian languages|Sinhalese-Maldivian]] |nation=[[Sri Lanka]] |iso1=si|iso2=sin|iso3=sin |notice=Indic}} [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ]] ප්‍රධාන ඡන කොට්ටාශය වන '''සිංහල''' ඡනයාගේ මවු බස '''සිංහල''' වෙයි. සිංහල‍ [[ඉන්දු-යුරෝපීය]] භාෂා වල උප ගනයක් වන [[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය]] භාෂා ගනයට අයිති වන අතර [[මාල දිවයින]] භාවිතා කරන {{ll|Dhivehi}} භාෂාවට විශාල සමානතාවයක් දක්වයි. සිංහලයෙන් කතා කරන ලෝක ඡනගහනය මිලියන 13ක් පමන වෙයි. සිංහල භාෂාව [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට]] [[ඉන්දියාව|ඉන්දියාවෙන්]] [[ක්‍රි.පූ 500|ක්‍රි.පූ 500දී]] පමන විඡයාගමනයෙන් ලැඛුන බවට විශ්වාස කරන අතර, සෙල් ලිපි සහ [[මහා වංශය]] මෙයට සාක්ෂි දරයි. Sinhala has many literary works strongly influenced by [[Buddhism]], and often followed the literary trends of India e.g. the ''sandesha poetry of India'', the literary modes used by [[Kalidasa]] and similar Indian dramatic poets are all echoed in Sinhalese literature as attested in the literary debates known as ''kukavi vada''. The extensive invasion of the north of Sri Lanka by [[Tamil people|Tamils]] led to the inclusion in Sinhala of many [[Tamil language|Tamil]] words. While Sri Lanka came under [[Portugal|Portuguese]], [[The Netherlands|Dutch]] and [[United Kingdom|British]] colonial rule in turn, it regained its independence in 1948. Contemporary Sinhalese contains many words of Portuguese, Dutch and [[English language|English]] origin. Nationalist movements in the first half of the [[20th century]] saw the establishment of the ''helabasa'' movement, led by the grammarian ''Munidasa Kumaratunga'', which gave new vigour to the language. A more important influence was the rise of an important newspaper culture (led by the ''Dinamina'' newspaper established by the Wijaywardena group). A celebrated writer, [[Martin Wickremasinghe]], was one of the well known and influential editors of the ''Dinamina''. The [[Sinhala script]] evolved from the ancient [[Brahmi script]] which was introduced to the island in the [[6th century BC]]. At present the Sinhala alphabet has 56 characters with four additional characters added recently. The Sinhala language is characterized by a high vowel content. The most divergent dialect of Sinhala is spoken by the [[Rodiya]] (Rodi) Caste. The language of the [[Wanniyala-Aetto|Veddah]] is closely related to Sinhala, although it has a large number of words which cannot be related to any other language. Sinhala is one of the constitutionally recognised official languages of Sri Lanka. ==External links== *[http://www.sinhala-online.com/ Sinhala dictionary] *[http://www.info.lk/slword/ Sinhala Fonts] *[http://www.kaputa.com/ Sinhala Technology] {{interwiki|code=si}} [[Category:Indo-Aryan languages]] [[Category:Languages of Sri Lanka]] [[ta:சிங்கள மொழி]] [[en:Sinhala]] [[da:Singalesisk]] [[de:Singhalesische Sprache]] [[fr:Cingalais]] [[ko:신할라어]] [[hi:सिंहली भाषा]] [[id:Bahasa Sinhala]] [[ja:シンハラ語]] [[nl:Singalees]] [[pt:língua sinhala]] [[sv:Singalesiska]] [[zh:僧伽罗语]] 5114 2006-04-22T01:00:18Z Sasakthi 84 Translating 3rd Para {{language |name=Sinhala |nativename=සිංහල ''{{IAST|siṁhala}}'' |region=[[Sri Lanka]], [[India]], and several other countries |speakers=13 million |familycolor=Indo-European |fam2=[[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]] |fam3=[[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] |fam4=[[Sinhalese-Maldivian languages|Sinhalese-Maldivian]] |nation=[[Sri Lanka]] |iso1=si|iso2=sin|iso3=sin |notice=Indic}} [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ]] ප්‍රධාන ඡන කොට්ටාශය වන ''සිංහල'' ඡනයාගේ මවු බස ''සිංහල'' වෙයි. සිංහල‍ [[ඉන්දු-යුරෝපීය]] භාෂා වල උප ගනයක් වන [[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය]] භාෂා ගනයට අයිති වන අතර [[මාල දිවයින]] භාවිතා කරන {{ll|Dhivehi}} භාෂාවට විශාල සමානතාවයක් දක්වයි. සිංහලයෙන් කතා කරන ලෝක ඡනගහනය මිලියන 13ක් පමන වෙයි. සිංහල භාෂාව [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට]] [[ඉන්දියාව|ඉන්දියාවෙන්]] [[ක්‍රි.පූ 500|ක්‍රි.පූ 500දී]] පමන විඡයාගමනයෙන් ලැඛුන බවට විශ්වාස කරන අතර, සෙල් ලිපි සහ [[මහා වංශය]] මෙයට සාක්ෂි දරයි. [[බුදු දහම|බුදු දහමෙන්]] ආභාශය ලත් සිංහල කෘති විශාල ප්‍රමානයක් ඇති අතර මේවා [[ඉන්දියාව|ඉන්දියානු]] කෘති වලට සමානතාවයක් දක්වයි (ඉන්දියානු සන්දේශ කාව්‍ය). [[කාලිදාස]] සහ එවැනි ඉන්දියානු කිවියන්ගේ ආභාශය සිංහල සාහිත්‍යයේ ඇති බවට ''කුකවි වැඩ'' විවාදයන් සාක්ෂි දරයි. දකුණු ඉන්දීය [[දෙමළ ඡාතිය|දෙමළ]] ඡාතිකයින්ගේ ආක්‍රමණ නිසා බොහෝ දෙමළ වචන සිංහල භාෂාවට ඇතුළු වූ අතර [[පෘතුගාලය|පෘතුගීසි]], [[ඹ්ලන්දය|ලන්දේසි]] සහ [[එන්ගලන්තය|ඉන්ග්‍රීසි]] ආක්‍රමණ නිසා සිංහල භාෂාවට එම වචනද ඇතුළු වී ඇත. Nationalist movements in the first half of the [[20th century]] saw the establishment of the ''helabasa'' movement, led by the grammarian ''Munidasa Kumaratunga'', which gave new vigour to the language. A more important influence was the rise of an important newspaper culture (led by the ''Dinamina'' newspaper established by the Wijaywardena group). A celebrated writer, [[Martin Wickremasinghe]], was one of the well known and influential editors of the ''Dinamina''. The [[Sinhala script]] evolved from the ancient [[Brahmi script]] which was introduced to the island in the [[6th century BC]]. At present the Sinhala alphabet has 56 characters with four additional characters added recently. The Sinhala language is characterized by a high vowel content. The most divergent dialect of Sinhala is spoken by the [[Rodiya]] (Rodi) Caste. The language of the [[Wanniyala-Aetto|Veddah]] is closely related to Sinhala, although it has a large number of words which cannot be related to any other language. Sinhala is one of the constitutionally recognised official languages of Sri Lanka. ==External links== *[http://www.sinhala-online.com/ Sinhala dictionary] *[http://www.info.lk/slword/ Sinhala Fonts] *[http://www.kaputa.com/ Sinhala Technology] {{interwiki|code=si}} [[Category:Indo-Aryan languages]] [[Category:Languages of Sri Lanka]] [[ta:சிங்கள மொழி]] [[en:Sinhala]] [[da:Singalesisk]] [[de:Singhalesische Sprache]] [[fr:Cingalais]] [[ko:신할라어]] [[hi:सिंहली भाषा]] [[id:Bahasa Sinhala]] [[ja:シンハラ語]] [[nl:Singalees]] [[pt:língua sinhala]] [[sv:Singalesiska]] [[zh:僧伽罗语]] 5115 2006-04-22T01:04:18Z Sasakthi 84 {{Infobox Language |name=Sinhala |nativename=සිංහල ''{{IAST|siṁhala}}'' |region=[[Sri Lanka]] |speakers=15 million |familycolor=Indo-European |fam2=[[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]] |fam3=[[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] |fam4=[[West and Southwest group|Southern zone]] |fam5=[[Sinhalese-Maldivian languages|Sinhalese-Maldivian]] |script=[[Sinhala script|Sinhala abugida]] (developed from the [[Brahmic family|Brahmi]]) |nation=[[Sri Lanka]] |iso1=si|iso2=sin|iso3=sin |map= |notice=Indic}} [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ]] ප්‍රධාන ඡන කොට්ටාශය වන ''සිංහල'' ඡනයාගේ මවු බස ''සිංහල'' වෙයි. සිංහල‍ [[ඉන්දු-යුරෝපීය]] භාෂා වල උප ගනයක් වන [[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය]] භාෂා ගනයට අයිති වන අතර [[මාල දිවයින]] භාවිතා කරන {{ll|Dhivehi}} භාෂාවට විශාල සමානතාවයක් දක්වයි. සිංහලයෙන් කතා කරන ලෝක ඡනගහනය මිලියන 13ක් පමන වෙයි. සිංහල භාෂාව [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට]] [[ඉන්දියාව|ඉන්දියාවෙන්]] [[ක්‍රි.පූ 500|ක්‍රි.පූ 500දී]] පමන විඡයාගමනයෙන් ලැඛුන බවට විශ්වාස කරන අතර, සෙල් ලිපි සහ [[මහා වංශය]] මෙයට සාක්ෂි දරයි. [[බුදු දහම|බුදු දහමෙන්]] ආභාශය ලත් සිංහල කෘති විශාල ප්‍රමානයක් ඇති අතර මේවා [[ඉන්දියාව|ඉන්දියානු]] කෘති වලට සමානතාවයක් දක්වයි (ඉන්දියානු සන්දේශ කාව්‍ය). [[කාලිදාස]] සහ එවැනි ඉන්දියානු කිවියන්ගේ ආභාශය සිංහල සාහිත්‍යයේ ඇති බවට ''කුකවි වැඩ'' විවාදයන් සාක්ෂි දරයි. දකුණු ඉන්දීය [[දෙමළ ඡාතිය|දෙමළ]] ඡාතිකයින්ගේ ආක්‍රමණ නිසා බොහෝ දෙමළ වචන සිංහල භාෂාවට ඇතුළු වූ අතර [[පෘතුගාලය|පෘතුගීසි]], [[ඹ්ලන්දය|ලන්දේසි]] සහ [[එන්ගලන්තය|ඉන්ග්‍රීසි]] ආක්‍රමණ නිසා සිංහල භාෂාවට එම වචනද ඇතුළු වී ඇත. Nationalist movements in the first half of the [[20th century]] saw the establishment of the ''helabasa'' movement, led by the grammarian ''Munidasa Kumaratunga'', which gave new vigour to the language. A more important influence was the rise of an important newspaper culture (led by the ''Dinamina'' newspaper established by the Wijaywardena group). A celebrated writer, [[Martin Wickremasinghe]], was one of the well known and influential editors of the ''Dinamina''. The [[Sinhala script]] evolved from the ancient [[Brahmi script]] which was introduced to the island in the [[6th century BC]]. At present the Sinhala alphabet has 56 characters with four additional characters added recently. The Sinhala language is characterized by a high vowel content. The most divergent dialect of Sinhala is spoken by the [[Rodiya]] (Rodi) Caste. The language of the [[Wanniyala-Aetto|Veddah]] is closely related to Sinhala, although it has a large number of words which cannot be related to any other language. Sinhala is one of the constitutionally recognised official languages of Sri Lanka. ==External links== *[http://www.sinhala-online.com/ Sinhala dictionary] *[http://www.info.lk/slword/ Sinhala Fonts] *[http://www.kaputa.com/ Sinhala Technology] {{interwiki|code=si}} [[Category:Indo-Aryan languages]] [[Category:Languages of Sri Lanka]] [[ta:சிங்கள மொழி]] [[en:Sinhala]] [[da:Singalesisk]] [[de:Singhalesische Sprache]] [[fr:Cingalais]] [[ko:신할라어]] [[hi:सिंहली भाषा]] [[id:Bahasa Sinhala]] [[ja:シンハラ語]] [[nl:Singalees]] [[pt:língua sinhala]] [[sv:Singalesiska]] [[zh:僧伽罗语]] 5116 2006-04-22T01:07:37Z Sasakthi 84 {{language |name=Sinhala |nativename=සිංහල ''{{IAST|siṁhala}}'' |region=[[Sri Lanka]] |speakers=15 million |familycolor=Indo-European |fam2=[[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]] |fam3=[[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] |fam4=[[West and Southwest group|Southern zone]] |fam5=[[Sinhalese-Maldivian languages|Sinhalese-Maldivian]] |script=[[Sinhala script|Sinhala abugida]] (developed from the [[Brahmic family|Brahmi]]) |nation=[[Sri Lanka]] |iso1=si|iso2=sin|iso3=sin |map= |notice=Indic}} [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ]] ප්‍රධාන ඡන කොට්ටාශය වන ''සිංහල'' ඡනයාගේ මවු බස ''සිංහල'' වෙයි. සිංහල‍ [[ඉන්දු-යුරෝපීය]] භාෂා වල උප ගනයක් වන [[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය]] භාෂා ගනයට අයිති වන අතර [[මාල දිවයින]] භාවිතා කරන {{ll|Dhivehi}} භාෂාවට විශාල සමානතාවයක් දක්වයි. සිංහලයෙන් කතා කරන ලෝක ඡනගහනය මිලියන 13ක් පමන වෙයි. සිංහල භාෂාව [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට]] [[ඉන්දියාව|ඉන්දියාවෙන්]] [[ක්‍රි.පූ 500|ක්‍රි.පූ 500දී]] පමන විඡයාගමනයෙන් ලැඛුන බවට විශ්වාස කරන අතර, සෙල් ලිපි සහ [[මහා වංශය]] මෙයට සාක්ෂි දරයි. [[බුදු දහම|බුදු දහමෙන්]] ආභාශය ලත් සිංහල කෘති විශාල ප්‍රමානයක් ඇති අතර මේවා [[ඉන්දියාව|ඉන්දියානු]] කෘති වලට සමානතාවයක් දක්වයි (ඉන්දියානු සන්දේශ කාව්‍ය). [[කාලිදාස]] සහ එවැනි ඉන්දියානු කිවියන්ගේ ආභාශය සිංහල සාහිත්‍යයේ ඇති බවට ''කුකවි වැඩ'' විවාදයන් සාක්ෂි දරයි. දකුණු ඉන්දීය [[දෙමළ ඡාතිය|දෙමළ]] ඡාතිකයින්ගේ ආක්‍රමණ නිසා බොහෝ දෙමළ වචන සිංහල භාෂාවට ඇතුළු වූ අතර [[පෘතුගාලය|පෘතුගීසි]], [[ඹ්ලන්දය|ලන්දේසි]] සහ [[එන්ගලන්තය|ඉන්ග්‍රීසි]] ආක්‍රමණ නිසා සිංහල භාෂාවට එම වචනද ඇතුළු වී ඇත. Nationalist movements in the first half of the [[20th century]] saw the establishment of the ''helabasa'' movement, led by the grammarian ''Munidasa Kumaratunga'', which gave new vigour to the language. A more important influence was the rise of an important newspaper culture (led by the ''Dinamina'' newspaper established by the Wijaywardena group). A celebrated writer, [[Martin Wickremasinghe]], was one of the well known and influential editors of the ''Dinamina''. The [[Sinhala script]] evolved from the ancient [[Brahmi script]] which was introduced to the island in the [[6th century BC]]. At present the Sinhala alphabet has 56 characters with four additional characters added recently. The Sinhala language is characterized by a high vowel content. The most divergent dialect of Sinhala is spoken by the [[Rodiya]] (Rodi) Caste. The language of the [[Wanniyala-Aetto|Veddah]] is closely related to Sinhala, although it has a large number of words which cannot be related to any other language. Sinhala is one of the constitutionally recognised official languages of Sri Lanka. ==External links== *[http://www.sinhala-online.com/ Sinhala dictionary] *[http://www.info.lk/slword/ Sinhala Fonts] *[http://www.kaputa.com/ Sinhala Technology] {{interwiki|code=si}} [[Category:Indo-Aryan languages]] [[Category:Languages of Sri Lanka]] [[ta:சிங்கள மொழி]] [[en:Sinhala]] [[da:Singalesisk]] [[de:Singhalesische Sprache]] [[fr:Cingalais]] [[ko:신할라어]] [[hi:सिंहली भाषा]] [[id:Bahasa Sinhala]] [[ja:シンハラ語]] [[nl:Singalees]] [[pt:língua sinhala]] [[sv:Singalesiska]] [[zh:僧伽罗语]] 5117 2006-04-22T01:13:12Z Sasakthi 84 Last Paragraph and external links {{language |name=Sinhala |nativename=සිංහල ''{{IAST|siṁhala}}'' |region=[[Sri Lanka]] |speakers=15 million |familycolor=Indo-European |fam2=[[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]] |fam3=[[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] |fam4=[[West and Southwest group|Southern zone]] |fam5=[[Sinhalese-Maldivian languages|Sinhalese-Maldivian]] |script=[[Sinhala script|Sinhala abugida]] (developed from the [[Brahmic family|Brahmi]]) |nation=[[Sri Lanka]] |iso1=si|iso2=sin|iso3=sin |map= |notice=Indic}} [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ]] ප්‍රධාන ඡන කොට්ටාශය වන ''සිංහල'' ඡනයාගේ මවු බස ''සිංහල'' වෙයි. සිංහල‍ [[ඉන්දු-යුරෝපීය]] භාෂා වල උප ගනයක් වන [[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය]] භාෂා ගනයට අයිති වන අතර [[මාල දිවයින]] භාවිතා කරන {{ll|Dhivehi}} භාෂාවට විශාල සමානතාවයක් දක්වයි. සිංහලයෙන් කතා කරන ලෝක ඡනගහනය මිලියන 13ක් පමන වෙයි. සිංහල භාෂාව [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට]] [[ඉන්දියාව|ඉන්දියාවෙන්]] [[ක්‍රි.පූ 500|ක්‍රි.පූ 500දී]] පමන විඡයාගමනයෙන් ලැඛුන බවට විශ්වාස කරන අතර, සෙල් ලිපි සහ [[මහා වංශය]] මෙයට සාක්ෂි දරයි. [[බුදු දහම|බුදු දහමෙන්]] ආභාශය ලත් සිංහල කෘති විශාල ප්‍රමානයක් ඇති අතර මේවා [[ඉන්දියාව|ඉන්දියානු]] කෘති වලට සමානතාවයක් දක්වයි (ඉන්දියානු සන්දේශ කාව්‍ය). [[කාලිදාස]] සහ එවැනි ඉන්දියානු කිවියන්ගේ ආභාශය සිංහල සාහිත්‍යයේ ඇති බවට ''කුකවි වැඩ'' විවාදයන් සාක්ෂි දරයි. දකුණු ඉන්දීය [[දෙමළ ඡාතිය|දෙමළ]] ඡාතිකයින්ගේ ආක්‍රමණ නිසා බොහෝ දෙමළ වචන සිංහල භාෂාවට ඇතුළු වූ අතර [[පෘතුගාලය|පෘතුගීසි]], [[ඹ්ලන්දය|ලන්දේසි]] සහ [[එන්ගලන්තය|ඉන්ග්‍රීසි]] ආක්‍රමණ නිසා සිංහල භාෂාවට එම වචනද ඇතුළු වී ඇත. Nationalist movements in the first half of the [[20th century]] saw the establishment of the ''helabasa'' movement, led by the grammarian ''Munidasa Kumaratunga'', which gave new vigour to the language. A more important influence was the rise of an important newspaper culture (led by the ''Dinamina'' newspaper established by the Wijaywardena group). A celebrated writer, [[Martin Wickremasinghe]], was one of the well known and influential editors of the ''Dinamina''. The [[Sinhala script]] evolved from the ancient [[Brahmi script]] which was introduced to the island in the [[6th century BC]]. At present the Sinhala alphabet has 56 characters with four additional characters added recently. The Sinhala language is characterized by a high vowel content. The most divergent dialect of Sinhala is spoken by the [[Rodiya]] (Rodi) Caste. The language of the [[Wanniyala-Aetto|Veddah]] is closely related to Sinhala, although it has a large number of words which cannot be related to any other language. සිංහල ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ව්‍යවස්ථාවේ ඡාතික භාෂාවක් ලෙස සලකයි. ==External links== *[http://www.sinhala-online.com/ සිංහල හබ්දකෝෂය] *[http://www.info.lk/slword/ සිංහල අක්ෂර] {{interwiki|code=si}} [[Category:Indo-Aryan languages]] [[Category:Languages of Sri Lanka]] [[ta:சிங்கள மொழி]] [[en:Sinhala]] [[da:Singalesisk]] [[de:Singhalesische Sprache]] [[fr:Cingalais]] [[ko:신할라어]] [[hi:सिंहली भाषा]] [[id:Bahasa Sinhala]] [[ja:シンハラ語]] [[nl:Singalees]] [[pt:língua sinhala]] [[sv:Singalesiska]] [[zh:僧伽罗语]] 5118 2006-04-22T01:15:38Z Sasakthi 84 {{language |name=Sinhala |nativename=සිංහල ''{{IAST|siṁhala}}'' |region=[[Sri Lanka]] |speakers=15 million |familycolor=Indo-European |fam2=[[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]] |fam3=[[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] |fam4=[[West and Southwest group|Southern zone]] |fam5=[[Sinhalese-Maldivian languages|Sinhalese-Maldivian]] |script=[[Sinhala script|Sinhala abugida]] (developed from the [[Brahmic family|Brahmi]]) |nation=[[Sri Lanka]] |iso1=si|iso2=sin|iso3=sin |map= |notice=Indic}} [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ]] ප්‍රධාන ඡන කොට්ටාශය වන ''සිංහල'' ඡනයාගේ මවු බස ''සිංහල'' වෙයි. සිංහල‍ [[ඉන්දු-යුරෝපීය]] භාෂා වල උප ගනයක් වන [[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය]] භාෂා ගනයට අයිති වන අතර [[මාල දිවයින]] භාවිතා කරන {{ll|Dhivehi}} භාෂාවට විශාල සමානතාවයක් දක්වයි. සිංහලයෙන් කතා කරන ලෝක ඡනගහනය මිලියන 13ක් පමන වෙයි. සිංහල භාෂාව [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට]] [[ඉන්දියාව|ඉන්දියාවෙන්]] [[ක්‍රි.පූ 500|ක්‍රි.පූ 500දී]] පමන විඡයාගමනයෙන් ලැඛුන බවට විශ්වාස කරන අතර, සෙල් ලිපි සහ [[මහා වංශය]] මෙයට සාක්ෂි දරයි. [[බුදු දහම|බුදු දහමෙන්]] ආභාශය ලත් සිංහල කෘති විශාල ප්‍රමානයක් ඇති අතර මේවා [[ඉන්දියාව|ඉන්දියානු]] කෘති වලට සමානතාවයක් දක්වයි (ඉන්දියානු සන්දේශ කාව්‍ය). [[කාලිදාස]] සහ එවැනි ඉන්දියානු කිවියන්ගේ ආභාශය සිංහල සාහිත්‍යයේ ඇති බවට ''කුකවි වැඩ'' විවාදයන් සාක්ෂි දරයි. දකුණු ඉන්දීය [[දෙමළ ඡාතිය|දෙමළ]] ඡාතිකයින්ගේ ආක්‍රමණ නිසා බොහෝ දෙමළ වචන සිංහල භාෂාවට ඇතුළු වූ අතර [[පෘතුගාලය|පෘතුගීසි]], [[ඹ්ලන්දය|ලන්දේසි]] සහ [[එන්ගලන්තය|ඉන්ග්‍රීසි]] ආක්‍රමණ නිසා සිංහල භාෂාවට එම වචනද ඇතුළු වී ඇත. Nationalist movements in the first half of the [[20th century]] saw the establishment of the ''helabasa'' movement, led by the grammarian ''Munidasa Kumaratunga'', which gave new vigour to the language. A more important influence was the rise of an important newspaper culture (led by the ''Dinamina'' newspaper established by the Wijaywardena group). A celebrated writer, [[Martin Wickremasinghe]], was one of the well known and influential editors of the ''Dinamina''. The [[Sinhala script]] evolved from the ancient [[Brahmi script]] which was introduced to the island in the [[6th century BC]]. At present the Sinhala alphabet has 56 characters with four additional characters added recently. The Sinhala language is characterized by a high vowel content. The most divergent dialect of Sinhala is spoken by the [[Rodiya]] (Rodi) Caste. The language of the [[Wanniyala-Aetto|Veddah]] is closely related to Sinhala, although it has a large number of words which cannot be related to any other language. සිංහල ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ව්‍යවස්ථාවේ ඡාතික භාෂාවක් ලෙස සලකයි. ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== *[http://www.sinhala-online.com/ සිංහල හබ්දකෝෂය] *[http://www.info.lk/slword/ සිංහල අක්ෂර] {{interwiki|code=si}} [[Category:Indo-Aryan languages]] [[Category:Languages of Sri Lanka]] [[ta:சிங்கள மொழி]] [[en:Sinhala]] [[da:Singalesisk]] [[de:Singhalesische Sprache]] [[fr:Cingalais]] [[ko:신할라어]] [[hi:सिंहली भाषा]] [[id:Bahasa Sinhala]] [[ja:シンハラ語]] [[nl:Singalees]] [[pt:língua sinhala]] [[sv:Singalesiska]] [[zh:僧伽罗语]] 5120 2006-04-22T01:35:31Z Sasakthi 84 Translated 4th para {{language |name=Sinhala |nativename=සිංහල ''{{IAST|siṁhala}}'' |region=[[Sri Lanka]] |speakers=15 million |familycolor=Indo-European |fam2=[[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]] |fam3=[[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] |fam4=[[West and Southwest group|Southern zone]] |fam5=[[Sinhalese-Maldivian languages|Sinhalese-Maldivian]] |script=[[Sinhala script|Sinhala abugida]] (developed from the [[Brahmic family|Brahmi]]) |nation=[[Sri Lanka]] |iso1=si|iso2=sin|iso3=sin |map= |notice=Indic}} [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ]] ප්‍රධාන ඡන කොට්ටාශය වන ''සිංහල'' ඡනයාගේ මවු බස ''සිංහල'' වෙයි. සිංහල‍ [[ඉන්දු-යුරෝපීය]] භාෂා වල උප ගනයක් වන [[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය]] භාෂා ගනයට අයිති වන අතර [[මාල දිවයින]] භාවිතා කරන [[දිවෙලි]] භාෂාවට විශාල සමානතාවයක් දක්වයි. සිංහලයෙන් කතා කරන ලෝක ඡනගහනය මිලියන 13ක් පමන වෙයි. සිංහල භාෂාව [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට]] [[ඉන්දියාව|ඉන්දියාවෙන්]] [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 500|ක්‍රි.පූ. 500දී]] පමන විඡයාගමනයෙන් ලැඛුන බවට විශ්වාස කරන අතර, සෙල් ලිපි සහ [[මහා වංශය]] මෙයට සාක්ෂි දරයි. [[බුදු දහම|බුදු දහමෙන්]] ආභාශය ලත් සිංහල කෘති විශාල ප්‍රමානයක් ඇති අතර මේවා [[ඉන්දියාව|ඉන්දියානු]] කෘති වලට සමානතාවයක් දක්වයි (ඉන්දියානු සන්දේශ කාව්‍ය). [[කාලිදාස]] සහ එවැනි ඉන්දියානු කිවියන්ගේ ආභාශය සිංහල සාහිත්‍යයේ ඇති බවට ''කුකවි වැඩ'' විවාදයන් සාක්ෂි දරයි. දකුණු ඉන්දීය [[දෙමළ ඡාතිය|දෙමළ]] ඡාතිකයින්ගේ ආක්‍රමණ නිසා බොහෝ දෙමළ වචන සිංහල භාෂාවට ඇතුළු වූ අතර [[පෘතුගාලය|පෘතුගීසි]], [[ඹ්ලන්දය|ලන්දේසි]] සහ [[එන්ගලන්තය|ඉන්ග්‍රීසි]] ආක්‍රමණ නිසා සිංහල භාෂාවට එම වචනද ඇතුළු වී ඇත. [[ක්‍රි.ව. 20වන ‍ශත වර්ශය|ක්‍රි.ව. 20වන ‍ශත වර්ශයේ]] මුල වකවානුවේ [[කුමාරතුංග මුනිදාස]] පඪිදු ඇරඹි ''හෙළ බස'' ව්‍යාප්‍රතිය නීසාද, දිනමිණ වැනි පුවත් පත් නිසාද සිංහල භාෂාවට නව ඡීවයක් ලැබුණි. ([[මාටින් වික්‍රමසිංහ]] කීතු දිනමිණ පුවත් පතෙහි ප්‍රසිද්ධ කතුවරයෙකි) The [[Sinhala script]] evolved from the ancient [[Brahmi script]] which was introduced to the island in the [[6th century BC]]. At present the Sinhala alphabet has 56 characters with four additional characters added recently. The Sinhala language is characterized by a high vowel content. The most divergent dialect of Sinhala is spoken by the [[Rodiya]] (Rodi) Caste. The language of the [[Wanniyala-Aetto|Veddah]] is closely related to Sinhala, although it has a large number of words which cannot be related to any other language. සිංහල ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ව්‍යවස්ථාවේ ඡාතික භාෂාවක් ලෙස සලකයි. ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== *[http://www.sinhala-online.com/ සිංහල හබ්දකෝෂය] *[http://www.info.lk/slword/ සිංහල අක්ෂර] {{interwiki|code=si}} [[Category:Indo-Aryan languages]] [[Category:Languages of Sri Lanka]] [[ta:சிங்கள மொழி]] [[en:Sinhala]] [[da:Singalesisk]] [[de:Singhalesische Sprache]] [[fr:Cingalais]] [[ko:신할라어]] [[hi:सिंहली भाषा]] [[id:Bahasa Sinhala]] [[ja:シンハラ語]] [[nl:Singalees]] [[pt:língua sinhala]] [[sv:Singalesiska]] [[zh:僧伽罗语]] 5121 2006-04-22T01:49:26Z Sasakthi 84 Translating para 5 {{language |name=Sinhala |nativename=සිංහල ''{{IAST|siṁhala}}'' |region=[[Sri Lanka]] |speakers=15 million |familycolor=Indo-European |fam2=[[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]] |fam3=[[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] |fam4=[[West and Southwest group|Southern zone]] |fam5=[[Sinhalese-Maldivian languages|Sinhalese-Maldivian]] |script=[[Sinhala script|Sinhala abugida]] (developed from the [[Brahmic family|Brahmi]]) |nation=[[Sri Lanka]] |iso1=si|iso2=sin|iso3=sin |map= |notice=Indic}} [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ]] ප්‍රධාන ඡන කොට්ටාශය වන ''සිංහල'' ඡනයාගේ මවු බස ''සිංහල'' වෙයි. සිංහල‍ [[ඉන්දු-යුරෝපීය]] භාෂා වල උප ගනයක් වන [[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය]] භාෂා ගනයට අයිති වන අතර [[මාල දිවයින]] භාවිතා කරන [[දිවෙලි]] භාෂාවට විශාල සමානතාවයක් දක්වයි. සිංහලයෙන් කතා කරන ලෝක ඡනගහනය මිලියන 13ක් පමන වෙයි. සිංහල භාෂාව [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට]] [[ඉන්දියාව|ඉන්දියාවෙන්]] [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 500|ක්‍රි.පූ. 500දී]] පමන විඡයාගමනයෙන් ලැඛුන බවට විශ්වාස කරන අතර, සෙල් ලිපි සහ [[මහා වංශය]] මෙයට සාක්ෂි දරයි. [[බුදු දහම|බුදු දහමෙන්]] ආභාශය ලත් සිංහල කෘති විශාල ප්‍රමානයක් ඇති අතර මේවා [[ඉන්දියාව|ඉන්දියානු]] කෘති වලට සමානතාවයක් දක්වයි (ඉන්දියානු සන්දේශ කාව්‍ය). [[කාලිදාස]] සහ එවැනි ඉන්දියානු කිවියන්ගේ ආභාශය සිංහල සාහිත්‍යයේ ඇති බවට ''කුකවි වැඩ'' විවාදයන් සාක්ෂි දරයි. දකුණු ඉන්දීය [[දෙමළ ඡාතිය|දෙමළ]] ඡාතිකයින්ගේ ආක්‍රමණ නිසා බොහෝ දෙමළ වචන සිංහල භාෂාවට ඇතුළු වූ අතර [[පෘතුගාලය|පෘතුගීසි]], [[ඹ්ලන්දය|ලන්දේසි]] සහ [[එන්ගලන්තය|ඉන්ග්‍රීසි]] ආක්‍රමණ නිසා සිංහල භාෂාවට එම වචනද ඇතුළු වී ඇත. [[ක්‍රි.ව. 20වන ‍ශත වර්ශය|ක්‍රි.ව. 20වන ‍ශත වර්ශයේ]] මුල වකවානුවේ [[කුමාරතුංග මුනිදාස]] පඪිදු ඇරඹි ''හෙළ බස'' ව්‍යාප්‍රතිය නීසාද, දිනමිණ වැනි පුවත් පත් නිසාද සිංහල භාෂාවට නව ඡීවයක් ලැබුණි. ([[මාටින් වික්‍රමසිංහ]] කීතු දිනමිණ පුවත් පතෙහි ප්‍රසිද්ධ කතුවරයෙකි) [[සිංහල අක්ෂර]] [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 500|ක්‍රි.පූ. 500දී]] පමන ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට හැඳින්වුනු පැරණි [[බ්‍රාහ්මීය අක්ෂර]] වලින් පැවත එයි. සිංහල හෝඩියේ අක්ෂර 56ක් ඇති අතර ඉන් 4ක් මෑත කාලයේදී ඇතුලත් වූවා වෙයි. සිංහල භාෂාවෙහි ස්වර විශාල ප්‍රමානයක් ඇත. The most divergent dialect of Sinhala is spoken by the [[Rodiya]] (Rodi) Caste. The language of the [[Wanniyala-Aetto|Veddah]] is closely related to Sinhala, although it has a large number of words which cannot be related to any other language. සිංහල ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ව්‍යවස්ථාවේ ඡාතික භාෂාවක් ලෙස සලකයි. ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== *[http://www.sinhala-online.com/ සිංහල හබ්දකෝෂය] *[http://www.info.lk/slword/ සිංහල අක්ෂර] {{interwiki|code=si}} [[Category:Indo-Aryan languages]] [[Category:Languages of Sri Lanka]] [[ta:சிங்கள மொழி]] [[en:Sinhala]] [[da:Singalesisk]] [[de:Singhalesische Sprache]] [[fr:Cingalais]] [[ko:신할라어]] [[hi:सिंहली भाषा]] [[id:Bahasa Sinhala]] [[ja:シンハラ語]] [[nl:Singalees]] [[pt:língua sinhala]] [[sv:Singalesiska]] [[zh:僧伽罗语]] 5122 2006-04-22T01:58:28Z Sasakthi 84 Translating the 6th Para {{language |name=Sinhala |nativename=සිංහල ''{{IAST|siṁhala}}'' |region=[[Sri Lanka]] |speakers=15 million |familycolor=Indo-European |fam2=[[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]] |fam3=[[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] |fam4=[[West and Southwest group|Southern zone]] |fam5=[[Sinhalese-Maldivian languages|Sinhalese-Maldivian]] |script=[[Sinhala script|Sinhala abugida]] (developed from the [[Brahmic family|Brahmi]]) |nation=[[Sri Lanka]] |iso1=si|iso2=sin|iso3=sin |map= |notice=Indic}} [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ]] ප්‍රධාන ඡන කොට්ටාශය වන ''සිංහල'' ඡනයාගේ මවු බස ''සිංහල'' වෙයි. සිංහල‍ [[ඉන්දු-යුරෝපීය]] භාෂා වල උප ගනයක් වන [[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය]] භාෂා ගනයට අයිති වන අතර [[මාල දිවයින]] භාවිතා කරන [[දිවෙලි]] භාෂාවට විශාල සමානතාවයක් දක්වයි. සිංහලයෙන් කතා කරන ලෝක ඡනගහනය මිලියන 13ක් පමන වෙයි. සිංහල භාෂාව [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට]] [[ඉන්දියාව|ඉන්දියාවෙන්]] [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 500|ක්‍රි.පූ. 500දී]] පමන විඡයාගමනයෙන් ලැඛුන බවට විශ්වාස කරන අතර, සෙල් ලිපි සහ [[මහා වංශය]] මෙයට සාක්ෂි දරයි. [[බුදු දහම|බුදු දහමෙන්]] ආභාශය ලත් සිංහල කෘති විශාල ප්‍රමානයක් ඇති අතර මේවා [[ඉන්දියාව|ඉන්දියානු]] කෘති වලට සමානතාවයක් දක්වයි (ඉන්දියානු සන්දේශ කාව්‍ය). [[කාලිදාස]] සහ එවැනි ඉන්දියානු කිවියන්ගේ ආභාශය සිංහල සාහිත්‍යයේ ඇති බවට ''කුකවි වැඩ'' විවාදයන් සාක්ෂි දරයි. දකුණු ඉන්දීය [[දෙමළ ඡාතිය|දෙමළ]] ඡාතිකයින්ගේ ආක්‍රමණ නිසා බොහෝ දෙමළ වචන සිංහල භාෂාවට ඇතුළු වූ අතර [[පෘතුගාලය|පෘතුගීසි]], [[ඹ්ලන්දය|ලන්දේසි]] සහ [[එන්ගලන්තය|ඉන්ග්‍රීසි]] ආක්‍රමණ නිසා සිංහල භාෂාවට එම වචනද ඇතුළු වී ඇත. [[ක්‍රි.ව. 20වන ‍ශත වර්ශය|ක්‍රි.ව. 20වන ‍ශත වර්ශයේ]] මුල වකවානුවේ [[කුමාරතුංග මුනිදාස]] පඪිදු ඇරඹි ''හෙළ බස'' ව්‍යාප්‍රතිය නීසාද, දිනමිණ වැනි පුවත් පත් නිසාද සිංහල භාෂාවට නව ඡීවයක් ලැබුණි. ([[මාටින් වික්‍රමසිංහ]] කීතු දිනමිණ පුවත් පතෙහි ප්‍රසිද්ධ කතුවරයෙකි) [[සිංහල අක්ෂර]] [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 500|ක්‍රි.පූ. 500දී]] පමන ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට හැඳින්වුනු පැරණි [[බ්‍රාහ්මීය අක්ෂර]] වලින් පැවත එයි. සිංහල හෝඩියේ අක්ෂර 56ක් ඇති අතර ඉන් 4ක් මෑත කාලයේදී ඇතුලත් වූවා වෙයි. සිංහල භාෂාවෙහි ස්වර විශාල ප්‍රමානයක් ඇත. සිංහල භාෂාවට දුරස්ම අනු-භාෂාව කතා කරන්නේ [[රොඩී]] කුළයෙහි පුද්ගලයින්ය. [[වැද්දන්]] කතා කරන භාෂාව සිංහලට සමානතාවයක් දැක්වූවත්, එහි වෙන භාෂා වල නැති වචන විශාල ප්‍රමානයක් ඇත. සිංහල ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ව්‍යවස්ථාවේ ඡාතික භාෂාවක් ලෙස සලකයි. ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== *[http://www.sinhala-online.com/ සිංහල හබ්දකෝෂය] *[http://www.info.lk/slword/ සිංහල අක්ෂර] {{interwiki|code=si}} [[Category:Indo-Aryan languages]] [[Category:Languages of Sri Lanka]] [[ta:சிங்கள மொழி]] [[en:Sinhala]] [[da:Singalesisk]] [[de:Singhalesische Sprache]] [[fr:Cingalais]] [[ko:신할라어]] [[hi:सिंहली भाषा]] [[id:Bahasa Sinhala]] [[ja:シンハラ語]] [[nl:Singalees]] [[pt:língua sinhala]] [[sv:Singalesiska]] [[zh:僧伽罗语]] 5123 2006-04-22T02:01:51Z Sasakthi 84 {{language |name=Sinhala |nativename=සිංහල ''{{IAST|siṁhala}}'' |region=[[Sri Lanka]] |speakers=15 million |familycolor=Indo-European |fam2=[[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]] |fam3=[[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] |fam4=[[West and Southwest group|Southern zone]] |fam5=[[Sinhalese-Maldivian languages|Sinhalese-Maldivian]] |script=[[Sinhala script|Sinhala abugida]] (developed from the [[Brahmic family|Brahmi]]) |nation=[[Sri Lanka]] |iso1=si|iso2=sin|iso3=sin |map= |notice=Indic}} [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ]] ප්‍රධාන ඡන කොට්ටාශය වන ''සිංහල'' ඡනයාගේ මවු බස ''සිංහල'' වෙයි. සිංහල‍ [[ඉන්දු-යුරෝපීය]] භාෂා වල උප ගනයක් වන [[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය]] භාෂා ගනයට අයිති වන අතර [[මාල දිවයින]] භාවිතා කරන [[දිවෙලි]] භාෂාවට විශාල සමානතාවයක් දක්වයි. සිංහලයෙන් කතා කරන ලෝක ඡනගහනය මිලියන 13ක් පමන වෙයි. සිංහල භාෂාව [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට]] [[ඉන්දියාව|ඉන්දියාවෙන්]] [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 500|ක්‍රි.පූ. 500දී]] පමන විඡයාගමනයෙන් ලැඛුන බවට විශ්වාස කරන අතර, සෙල් ලිපි සහ [[මහා වංශය]] මෙයට සාක්ෂි දරයි. [[බුදු දහම|බුදු දහමෙන්]] ආභාශය ලත් සිංහල කෘති විශාල ප්‍රමානයක් ඇති අතර මේවා [[ඉන්දියාව|ඉන්දියානු]] කෘති වලට සමානතාවයක් දක්වයි (ඉන්දියානු සන්දේශ කාව්‍ය). [[කාලිදාස]] සහ එවැනි ඉන්දියානු කිවියන්ගේ ආභාශය සිංහල සාහිත්‍යයේ ඇති බවට ''කුකවි වැඩ'' විවාදයන් සාක්ෂි දරයි. දකුණු ඉන්දීය [[දෙමළ ඡාතිය|දෙමළ]] ඡාතිකයින්ගේ ආක්‍රමණ නිසා බොහෝ දෙමළ වචන සිංහල භාෂාවට ඇතුළු වූ අතර [[පෘතුගාලය|පෘතුගීසි]], [[ඹ්ලන්දය|ලන්දේසි]] සහ [[එන්ගලන්තය|ඉන්ග්‍රීසි]] ආක්‍රමණ නිසා සිංහල භාෂාවට එම වචනද ඇතුළු වී ඇත. [[ක්‍රි.ව. 20වන ‍ශත වර්ශය|ක්‍රි.ව. 20වන ‍ශත වර්ශයේ]] මුල වකවානුවේ [[කුමාරතුංග මුනිදාස]] පඪිදු ඇරඹි ''හෙළ බස'' ව්‍යාප්‍රතිය නීසාද, දිනමිණ වැනි පුවත් පත් නිසාද සිංහල භාෂාවට නව ඡීවයක් ලැබුණි. ([[මාටින් වික්‍රමසිංහ]] කීතු දිනමිණ පුවත් පතෙහි ප්‍රසිද්ධ කතුවරයෙකි) [[සිංහල අක්ෂර]] [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 500|ක්‍රි.පූ. 500දී]] පමන ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට හැඳින්වුනු පැරණි [[බ්‍රාහ්මීය අක්ෂර]] වලින් පැවත එයි. සිංහල හෝඩියේ අක්ෂර 56ක් ඇති අතර ඉන් 4ක් මෑත කාලයේදී ඇතුලත් වූවා වෙයි. සිංහල භාෂාවෙහි ස්වර විශාල ප්‍රමානයක් ඇත. සිංහල භාෂාවට දුරස්ම අනු-භාෂාව කතා කරන්නේ [[රොඩී]] කුළයෙහි පුද්ගලයින්ය. [[වැද්දන්]] කතා කරන භාෂාව සිංහලට සමානතාවයක් දැක්වූවත්, එහි වෙන භාෂා වල නැති වචන විශාල ප්‍රමානයක් ඇත. සිංහල ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ව්‍යවස්ථාවේ ඡාතික භාෂාවක් ලෙස සලකයි. ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== *[http://www.sinhala-online.com/ සිංහල හබ්දකෝෂය] *[http://www.info.lk/slword/ සිංහල අක්ෂර] {{interwiki|code=si}} [[ඝණය:ඉන්දු-ආර්ය භාෂා]] [[ඝණය:ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ භාෂා]] [[ta:சிங்கள மொழி]] [[en:Sinhala]] [[da:Singalesisk]] [[de:Singhalesische Sprache]] [[fr:Cingalais]] [[ko:신할라어]] [[hi:सिंहली भाषा]] [[id:Bahasa Sinhala]] [[ja:シンハラ語]] [[nl:Singalees]] [[pt:língua sinhala]] [[sv:Singalesiska]] [[zh:僧伽罗语]] 5124 2006-04-22T02:02:15Z Sasakthi 84 {{language |name=Sinhala |nativename=සිංහල ''{{IAST|siṁhala}}'' |region=[[Sri Lanka]] |speakers=15 million |familycolor=Indo-European |fam2=[[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]] |fam3=[[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] |fam4=[[West and Southwest group|Southern zone]] |fam5=[[Sinhalese-Maldivian languages|Sinhalese-Maldivian]] |script=[[Sinhala script|Sinhala abugida]] (developed from the [[Brahmic family|Brahmi]]) |nation=[[Sri Lanka]] |iso1=si|iso2=sin|iso3=sin |map= |notice=Indic}} [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ]] ප්‍රධාන ඡන කොට්ටාශය වන ''සිංහල'' ඡනයාගේ මවු බස ''සිංහල'' වෙයි. සිංහල‍ [[ඉන්දු-යුරෝපීය]] භාෂා වල උප ගනයක් වන [[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය]] භාෂා ගනයට අයිති වන අතර [[මාල දිවයින]] භාවිතා කරන [[දිවෙලි]] භාෂාවට විශාල සමානතාවයක් දක්වයි. සිංහලයෙන් කතා කරන ලෝක ඡනගහනය මිලියන 13ක් පමන වෙයි. සිංහල භාෂාව [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට]] [[ඉන්දියාව|ඉන්දියාවෙන්]] [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 500|ක්‍රි.පූ. 500දී]] පමන විඡයාගමනයෙන් ලැඛුන බවට විශ්වාස කරන අතර, සෙල් ලිපි සහ [[මහා වංශය]] මෙයට සාක්ෂි දරයි. [[බුදු දහම|බුදු දහමෙන්]] ආභාශය ලත් සිංහල කෘති විශාල ප්‍රමානයක් ඇති අතර මේවා [[ඉන්දියාව|ඉන්දියානු]] කෘති වලට සමානතාවයක් දක්වයි (ඉන්දියානු සන්දේශ කාව්‍ය). [[කාලිදාස]] සහ එවැනි ඉන්දියානු කිවියන්ගේ ආභාශය සිංහල සාහිත්‍යයේ ඇති බවට ''කුකවි වැඩ'' විවාදයන් සාක්ෂි දරයි. දකුණු ඉන්දීය [[දෙමළ ඡාතිය|දෙමළ]] ඡාතිකයින්ගේ ආක්‍රමණ නිසා බොහෝ දෙමළ වචන සිංහල භාෂාවට ඇතුළු වූ අතර [[පෘතුගාලය|පෘතුගීසි]], [[ඹ්ලන්දය|ලන්දේසි]] සහ [[එන්ගලන්තය|ඉන්ග්‍රීසි]] ආක්‍රමණ නිසා සිංහල භාෂාවට එම වචනද ඇතුළු වී ඇත. [[ක්‍රි.ව. 20වන ‍ශත වර්ශය|ක්‍රි.ව. 20වන ‍ශත වර්ශයේ]] මුල වකවානුවේ [[කුමාරතුංග මුනිදාස]] පඪිදු ඇරඹි ''හෙළ බස'' ව්‍යාප්‍රතිය නීසාද, දිනමිණ වැනි පුවත් පත් නිසාද සිංහල භාෂාවට නව ඡීවයක් ලැබුණි. ([[මාටින් වික්‍රමසිංහ]] කීතු දිනමිණ පුවත් පතෙහි ප්‍රසිද්ධ කතුවරයෙකි) [[සිංහල අක්ෂර]] [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 500|ක්‍රි.පූ. 500දී]] පමන ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට හැඳින්වුනු පැරණි [[බ්‍රාහ්මීය අක්ෂර]] වලින් පැවත එයි. සිංහල හෝඩියේ අක්ෂර 56ක් ඇති අතර ඉන් 4ක් මෑත කාලයේදී ඇතුලත් වූවා වෙයි. සිංහල භාෂාවෙහි ස්වර විශාල ප්‍රමානයක් ඇත. සිංහල භාෂාවට දුරස්ම අනු-භාෂාව කතා කරන්නේ [[රොඩී]] කුළයෙහි පුද්ගලයින්ය. [[වැද්දන්]] කතා කරන භාෂාව සිංහලට සමානතාවයක් දැක්වූවත්, එහි වෙන භාෂා වල නැති වචන විශාල ප්‍රමානයක් ඇත. සිංහල ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ව්‍යවස්ථාවේ ඡාතික භාෂාවක් ලෙස සලකයි. ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== *[http://www.sinhala-online.com/ සිංහල හබ්දකෝෂය] *[http://www.info.lk/slword/ සිංහල අක්ෂර] {{interwiki|code=si}} [[Category:ඉන්දු-ආර්ය භාෂා]] [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ භාෂා]] [[ta:சிங்கள மொழி]] [[en:Sinhala]] [[da:Singalesisk]] [[de:Singhalesische Sprache]] [[fr:Cingalais]] [[ko:신할라어]] [[hi:सिंहली भाषा]] [[id:Bahasa Sinhala]] [[ja:シンハラ語]] [[nl:Singalees]] [[pt:língua sinhala]] [[sv:Singalesiska]] [[zh:僧伽罗语]] 5125 2006-04-22T02:07:34Z Sasakthi 84 {{language |name=Sinhala |nativename=සිංහල ''{{IAST|siṁhala}}'' |region=[[Sri Lanka]] |speakers=15 million |familycolor=Indo-European |fam2=[[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]] |fam3=[[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] |fam4=[[West and Southwest group|Southern zone]] |fam5=[[Sinhalese-Maldivian languages|Sinhalese-Maldivian]] |script=[[Sinhala script|Sinhala abugida]] (developed from the [[Brahmic family|Brahmi]]) |nation=[[Sri Lanka]] |iso1=si|iso2=sin|iso3=sin |map= |notice=Indic}} [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ]] ප්‍රධාන ඡන කොට්ටාශය වන ''සිංහල'' ඡනයාගේ මවු බස ''සිංහල'' වෙයි. සිංහල‍ [[ඉන්දු-යුරෝපීය භාෂා]] වල උප ගනයක් වන [[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය භාෂා]] ගනයට අයිති වන අතර [[මාල දිවයින]] භාවිතා කරන [[දිවෙලි භාෂාව]] භාෂාවට විශාල සමානතාවයක් දක්වයි. සිංහලයෙන් කතා කරන ලෝක ඡනගහනය මිලියන 13ක් පමන වෙයි. සිංහල භාෂාව [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට]] [[ඉන්දියාව|ඉන්දියාවෙන්]] [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 500|ක්‍රි.පූ. 500දී]] පමන විඡයාගමනයෙන් ලැඛුන බවට විශ්වාස කරන අතර, සෙල් ලිපි සහ [[මහා වංශය]] මෙයට සාක්ෂි දරයි. [[බුදු දහම|බුදු දහමෙන්]] ආභාශය ලත් සිංහල කෘති විශාල ප්‍රමානයක් ඇති අතර මේවා [[ඉන්දියාව|ඉන්දියානු]] කෘති වලට සමානතාවයක් දක්වයි (ඉන්දියානු සන්දේශ කාව්‍ය). [[කාලිදාස]] සහ එවැනි ඉන්දියානු කිවියන්ගේ ආභාශය සිංහල සාහිත්‍යයේ ඇති බවට ''කුකවි වැඩ'' විවාදයන් සාක්ෂි දරයි. දකුණු ඉන්දීය [[දෙමළ ඡාතිය|දෙමළ]] ඡාතිකයින්ගේ ආක්‍රමණ නිසා බොහෝ දෙමළ වචන සිංහල භාෂාවට ඇතුළු වූ අතර [[පෘතුගාලය|පෘතුගීසි]], [[ඹ්ලන්දය|ලන්දේසි]] සහ [[එන්ගලන්තය|ඉන්ග්‍රීසි]] ආක්‍රමණ නිසා සිංහල භාෂාවට එම වචනද ඇතුළු වී ඇත. [[ක්‍රි.ව. 20වන ‍ශත වර්ශය|ක්‍රි.ව. 20වන ‍ශත වර්ශයේ]] මුල වකවානුවේ [[කුමාරතුංග මුනිදාස]] පඪිදු ඇරඹි ''හෙළ බස'' ව්‍යාප්‍රතිය නීසාද, දිනමිණ වැනි පුවත් පත් නිසාද සිංහල භාෂාවට නව ඡීවයක් ලැබුණි. ([[මාටින් වික්‍රමසිංහ]] කීතු දිනමිණ පුවත් පතෙහි ප්‍රසිද්ධ කතුවරයෙකි) [[සිංහල අක්ෂර]] [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 500|ක්‍රි.පූ. 500දී]] පමන ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට හැඳින්වුනු පැරණි [[බ්‍රාහ්මීය අක්ෂර]] වලින් පැවත එයි. සිංහල හෝඩියේ අක්ෂර 56ක් ඇති අතර ඉන් 4ක් මෑත කාලයේදී ඇතුලත් වූවා වෙයි. සිංහල භාෂාවෙහි ස්වර විශාල ප්‍රමානයක් ඇත. සිංහල භාෂාවට දුරස්ම අනු-භාෂාව කතා කරන්නේ [[රොඩී]] කුළයෙහි පුද්ගලයින්ය. [[වැද්දන්]] කතා කරන භාෂාව සිංහලට සමානතාවයක් දැක්වූවත්, එහි වෙන භාෂා වල නැති වචන විශාල ප්‍රමානයක් ඇත. සිංහල ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ව්‍යවස්ථාවේ ඡාතික භාෂාවක් ලෙස සලකයි. ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== *[http://www.sinhala-online.com/ සිංහල හබ්දකෝෂය] *[http://www.info.lk/slword/ සිංහල අක්ෂර] {{interwiki|code=si}} [[Category:ඉන්දු-ආර්ය භාෂා]] [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ භාෂා]] [[ta:சிங்கள மொழி]] [[en:Sinhala]] [[da:Singalesisk]] [[de:Singhalesische Sprache]] [[fr:Cingalais]] [[ko:신할라어]] [[hi:सिंहली भाषा]] [[id:Bahasa Sinhala]] [[ja:シンハラ語]] [[nl:Singalees]] [[pt:língua sinhala]] [[sv:Singalesiska]] [[zh:僧伽罗语]] 5134 2006-04-22T04:36:54Z Sasakthi 84 {{Infobox Language |name=Sinhala |nativename=සිංහල ''{{IAST|siṁhala}}'' |region=[[Sri Lanka]] |speakers=15 million |familycolor=Indo-European |fam2=[[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]] |fam3=[[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] |fam4=[[West and Southwest group|Southern zone]] |fam5=[[Sinhalese-Maldivian languages|Sinhalese-Maldivian]] |script=[[Sinhala script|Sinhala abugida]] (developed from the [[Brahmic family|Brahmi]]) |nation=[[Sri Lanka]] |iso1=si|iso2=sin|iso3=sin |map= |notice=Indic}} [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ]] ප්‍රධාන ඡන කොට්ටාශය වන ''සිංහල'' ඡනයාගේ මවු බස ''සිංහල'' වෙයි. සිංහල‍ [[ඉන්දු-යුරෝපීය භාෂා]] වල උප ගනයක් වන [[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය භාෂා]] ගනයට අයිති වන අතර [[මාල දිවයින]] භාවිතා කරන [[දිවෙලි භාෂාව]] භාෂාවට විශාල සමානතාවයක් දක්වයි. සිංහලයෙන් කතා කරන ලෝක ඡනගහනය මිලියන 13ක් පමන වෙයි. සිංහල භාෂාව [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට]] [[ඉන්දියාව|ඉන්දියාවෙන්]] [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 500|ක්‍රි.පූ. 500දී]] පමන විඡයාගමනයෙන් ලැඛුන බවට විශ්වාස කරන අතර, සෙල් ලිපි සහ [[මහා වංශය]] මෙයට සාක්ෂි දරයි. [[බුදු දහම|බුදු දහමෙන්]] ආභාශය ලත් සිංහල කෘති විශාල ප්‍රමානයක් ඇති අතර මේවා [[ඉන්දියාව|ඉන්දියානු]] කෘති වලට සමානතාවයක් දක්වයි (ඉන්දියානු සන්දේශ කාව්‍ය). [[කාලිදාස]] සහ එවැනි ඉන්දියානු කිවියන්ගේ ආභාශය සිංහල සාහිත්‍යයේ ඇති බවට ''කුකවි වැඩ'' විවාදයන් සාක්ෂි දරයි. දකුණු ඉන්දීය [[දෙමළ ඡාතිය|දෙමළ]] ඡාතිකයින්ගේ ආක්‍රමණ නිසා බොහෝ දෙමළ වචන සිංහල භාෂාවට ඇතුළු වූ අතර [[පෘතුගාලය|පෘතුගීසි]], [[ඹ්ලන්දය|ලන්දේසි]] සහ [[එන්ගලන්තය|ඉන්ග්‍රීසි]] ආක්‍රමණ නිසා සිංහල භාෂාවට එම වචනද ඇතුළු වී ඇත. [[ක්‍රි.ව. 20වන ‍ශත වර්ශය|ක්‍රි.ව. 20වන ‍ශත වර්ශයේ]] මුල වකවානුවේ [[කුමාරතුංග මුනිදාස]] පඪිදු ඇරඹි ''හෙළ බස'' ව්‍යාප්‍රතිය නීසාද, දිනමිණ වැනි පුවත් පත් නිසාද සිංහල භාෂාවට නව ඡීවයක් ලැබුණි. ([[මාටින් වික්‍රමසිංහ]] කීතු දිනමිණ පුවත් පතෙහි ප්‍රසිද්ධ කතුවරයෙකි) [[සිංහල අක්ෂර]] [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 500|ක්‍රි.පූ. 500දී]] පමන ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට හැඳින්වුනු පැරණි [[බ්‍රාහ්මීය අක්ෂර]] වලින් පැවත එයි. සිංහල හෝඩියේ අක්ෂර 56ක් ඇති අතර ඉන් 4ක් මෑත කාලයේදී ඇතුලත් වූවා වෙයි. සිංහල භාෂාවෙහි ස්වර විශාල ප්‍රමානයක් ඇත. සිංහල භාෂාවට දුරස්ම අනු-භාෂාව කතා කරන්නේ [[රොඩී]] කුළයෙහි පුද්ගලයින්ය. [[වැද්දන්]] කතා කරන භාෂාව සිංහලට සමානතාවයක් දැක්වූවත්, එහි වෙන භාෂා වල නැති වචන විශාල ප්‍රමානයක් ඇත. සිංහල ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ව්‍යවස්ථාවේ ඡාතික භාෂාවක් ලෙස සලකයි. ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== *[http://www.sinhala-online.com/ සිංහල හබ්දකෝෂය] *[http://www.info.lk/slword/ සිංහල අක්ෂර] {{interwiki|code=si}} [[Category:ඉන්දු-ආර්ය භාෂා]] [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ භාෂා]] [[ta:சிங்கள மொழி]] [[en:Sinhala]] [[da:Singalesisk]] [[de:Singhalesische Sprache]] [[fr:Cingalais]] [[ko:신할라어]] [[hi:सिंहली भाषा]] [[id:Bahasa Sinhala]] [[ja:シンハラ語]] [[nl:Singalees]] [[pt:língua sinhala]] [[sv:Singalesiska]] [[zh:僧伽罗语]] 5165 2006-04-22T05:03:46Z Sasakthi 84 {{Infobox Language |name=Sinhala |nativename=සිංහල ''{{IAST|siṁhala}}'' |region=[[Sri Lanka]] |speakers=15 million |familycolor=Indo-European |fam2=[[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]] |fam3=[[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] |fam4=[[West and Southwest group|Southern zone]] |fam5=[[Sinhalese-Maldivian languages|Sinhalese-Maldivian]] |script=[[Sinhala script|Sinhala abugida]] (developed from the [[Brahmic family|Brahmi]]) |nation=[[Sri Lanka]] |iso1=si|iso2=sin|iso3=sin |map= |notice=Indic}} [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ]] ප්‍රධාන ඡන කොට්ටාශය වන ''සිංහල'' ඡනයාගේ මවු බස ''සිංහල'' වෙයි. සිංහල‍ [[ඉන්දු-යුරෝපීය භාෂා]] වල උප ගනයක් වන [[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය භාෂා]] ගනයට අයිති වන අතර [[මාල දිවයින]] භාවිතා කරන [[දිවෙලි භාෂාව]] භාෂාවට විශාල සමානතාවයක් දක්වයි. සිංහලයෙන් කතා කරන ලෝක ඡනගහනය මිලියන 13ක් පමන වෙයි. සිංහල භාෂාව [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට]] [[ඉන්දියාව|ඉන්දියාවෙන්]] [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 500|ක්‍රි.පූ. 500දී]] පමන විඡයාගමනයෙන් ලැඛුන බවට විශ්වාස කරන අතර, සෙල් ලිපි සහ [[මහා වංශය]] මෙයට සාක්ෂි දරයි. [[බුදු දහම|බුදු දහමෙන්]] ආභාශය ලත් සිංහල කෘති විශාල ප්‍රමානයක් ඇති අතර මේවා [[ඉන්දියාව|ඉන්දියානු]] කෘති වලට සමානතාවයක් දක්වයි (ඉන්දියානු සන්දේශ කාව්‍ය). [[කාලිදාස]] සහ එවැනි ඉන්දියානු කිවියන්ගේ ආභාශය සිංහල සාහිත්‍යයේ ඇති බවට ''කුකවි වැඩ'' විවාදයන් සාක්ෂි දරයි. දකුණු ඉන්දීය [[දෙමළ ඡාතිය|දෙමළ]] ඡාතිකයින්ගේ ආක්‍රමණ නිසා බොහෝ දෙමළ වචන සිංහල භාෂාවට ඇතුළු වූ අතර [[පෘතුගාලය|පෘතුගීසි]], [[ඹ්ලන්දය|ලන්දේසි]] සහ [[එන්ගලන්තය|ඉන්ග්‍රීසි]] ආක්‍රමණ නිසා සිංහල භාෂාවට එම වචනද ඇතුළු වී ඇත. [[ක්‍රි.ව. 20වන ‍ශත වර්ශය|ක්‍රි.ව. 20වන ‍ශත වර්ශයේ]] මුල වකවානුවේ [[කුමාරතුංග මුනිදාස]] පඪිදු ඇරඹි ''හෙළ බස'' ව්‍යාප්‍රතිය නීසාද, දිනමිණ වැනි පුවත් පත් නිසාද සිංහල භාෂාවට නව ඡීවයක් ලැබුණි. ([[මාටින් වික්‍රමසිංහ]] කීතු දිනමිණ පුවත් පතෙහි ප්‍රසිද්ධ කතුවරයෙකි) [[සිංහල අක්ෂර]] [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 500|ක්‍රි.පූ. 500දී]] පමන ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට හැඳින්වුනු පැරණි [[බ්‍රාහ්මීය අක්ෂර]] වලින් පැවත එයි. සිංහල හෝඩියේ අක්ෂර 56ක් ඇති අතර ඉන් 4ක් මෑත කාලයේදී ඇතුලත් වූවා වෙයි. සිංහල භාෂාවෙහි ස්වර විශාල ප්‍රමානයක් ඇත. සිංහල භාෂාවට දුරස්ම අනු-භාෂාව කතා කරන්නේ [[රොඩී]] කුළයෙහි පුද්ගලයින්ය. [[වැද්දන්]] කතා කරන භාෂාව සිංහලට සමානතාවයක් දැක්වූවත්, එහි වෙන භාෂා වල නැති වචන විශාල ප්‍රමානයක් ඇත. සිංහල ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ව්‍යවස්ථාවේ ඡාතික භාෂාවක් ලෙස සලකයි. ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== *[http://www.sinhala-online.com/ සිංහල හබ්දකෝෂය] *[http://www.info.lk/slword/ සිංහල අක්ෂර] {{interwiki|code=si}} [[Category:ඉන්දු-ආර්ය භාෂා]] [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ භාෂා]] [[br:Sinhaleg]] [[bg:Синхалски език]] [[da:Singalesisk]] [[de:Singhalesische Sprache]] [[es:Idioma cingalés]] [[fr:Cingalais]] [[ko:신할라어]] [[hi:सिंहली भाषा]] [[id:Bahasa Sinhala]] [[nl:Singalees]] [[ja:シンハラ語]] [[pl:Język syngaleski]] [[pt:Língua sinhala]] [[fi:Sinhalan kieli]] [[sv:Singalesiska]] [[ta:சிங்கள மொழி]] [[th:ภาษาสิงหล]] [[zh:僧伽罗语]] 5166 2006-04-22T05:04:41Z Sasakthi 84 {{Infobox Language |name=Sinhala |nativename=සිංහල ''{{IAST|siṁhala}}'' |region=[[Sri Lanka]] |speakers=15 million |familycolor=Indo-European |fam2=[[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]] |fam3=[[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] |fam4=[[West and Southwest group|Southern zone]] |fam5=[[Sinhalese-Maldivian languages|Sinhalese-Maldivian]] |script=[[Sinhala script|Sinhala abugida]] (developed from the [[Brahmic family|Brahmi]]) |nation=[[Sri Lanka]] |iso1=si|iso2=sin|iso3=sin |map= |notice=Indic}} [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ]] ප්‍රධාන ඡන කොට්ටාශය වන ''සිංහල'' ඡනයාගේ මවු බස ''සිංහල'' වෙයි. සිංහල‍ [[ඉන්දු-යුරෝපීය භාෂා]] වල උප ගනයක් වන [[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය භාෂා]] ගනයට අයිති වන අතර [[මාල දිවයින]] භාවිතා කරන [[දිවෙලි භාෂාව]] භාෂාවට විශාල සමානතාවයක් දක්වයි. සිංහලයෙන් කතා කරන ලෝක ඡනගහනය මිලියන 13ක් පමන වෙයි. සිංහල භාෂාව [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට]] [[ඉන්දියාව|ඉන්දියාවෙන්]] [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 500|ක්‍රි.පූ. 500දී]] පමන විඡයාගමනයෙන් ලැඛුන බවට විශ්වාස කරන අතර, සෙල් ලිපි සහ [[මහා වංශය]] මෙයට සාක්ෂි දරයි. [[බුදු දහම|බුදු දහමෙන්]] ආභාශය ලත් සිංහල කෘති විශාල ප්‍රමානයක් ඇති අතර මේවා [[ඉන්දියාව|ඉන්දියානු]] කෘති වලට සමානතාවයක් දක්වයි (ඉන්දියානු සන්දේශ කාව්‍ය). [[කාලිදාස]] සහ එවැනි ඉන්දියානු කිවියන්ගේ ආභාශය සිංහල සාහිත්‍යයේ ඇති බවට ''කුකවි වැඩ'' විවාදයන් සාක්ෂි දරයි. දකුණු ඉන්දීය [[දෙමළ ඡාතිය|දෙමළ]] ඡාතිකයින්ගේ ආක්‍රමණ නිසා බොහෝ දෙමළ වචන සිංහල භාෂාවට ඇතුළු වූ අතර [[පෘතුගාලය|පෘතුගීසි]], [[ඹ්ලන්දය|ලන්දේසි]] සහ [[එන්ගලන්තය|ඉන්ග්‍රීසි]] ආක්‍රමණ නිසා සිංහල භාෂාවට එම වචනද ඇතුළු වී ඇත. [[ක්‍රි.ව. 20වන ‍ශත වර්ශය|ක්‍රි.ව. 20වන ‍ශත වර්ශයේ]] මුල වකවානුවේ [[කුමාරතුංග මුනිදාස]] පඪිදු ඇරඹි ''හෙළ බස'' ව්‍යාප්‍රතිය නීසාද, දිනමිණ වැනි පුවත් පත් නිසාද සිංහල භාෂාවට නව ඡීවයක් ලැබුණි. ([[මාටින් වික්‍රමසිංහ]] කීතු දිනමිණ පුවත් පතෙහි ප්‍රසිද්ධ කතුවරයෙකි) [[සිංහල අක්ෂර]] [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 500|ක්‍රි.පූ. 500දී]] පමන ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට හැඳින්වුනු පැරණි [[බ්‍රාහ්මීය අක්ෂර]] වලින් පැවත එයි. සිංහල හෝඩියේ අක්ෂර 56ක් ඇති අතර ඉන් 4ක් මෑත කාලයේදී ඇතුලත් වූවා වෙයි. සිංහල භාෂාවෙහි ස්වර විශාල ප්‍රමානයක් ඇත. සිංහල භාෂාවට දුරස්ම අනු-භාෂාව කතා කරන්නේ [[රොඩී]] කුළයෙහි පුද්ගලයින්ය. [[වැද්දන්]] කතා කරන භාෂාව සිංහලට සමානතාවයක් දැක්වූවත්, එහි වෙන භාෂා වල නැති වචන විශාල ප්‍රමානයක් ඇත. සිංහල ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ව්‍යවස්ථාවේ ඡාතික භාෂාවක් ලෙස සලකයි. ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== {{interwiki|code=si}} *[http://www.sinhala-online.com/ සිංහල හබ්දකෝෂය] *[http://www.info.lk/slword/ සිංහල අක්ෂර] [[Category:ඉන්දු-ආර්ය භාෂා]] [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ භාෂා]] [[br:Sinhaleg]] [[bg:Синхалски език]] [[da:Singalesisk]] [[de:Singhalesische Sprache]] [[es:Idioma cingalés]] [[fr:Cingalais]] [[ko:신할라어]] [[hi:सिंहली भाषा]] [[id:Bahasa Sinhala]] [[nl:Singalees]] [[ja:シンハラ語]] [[pl:Język syngaleski]] [[pt:Língua sinhala]] [[fi:Sinhalan kieli]] [[sv:Singalesiska]] [[ta:சிங்கள மொழி]] [[th:ภาษาสิงหล]] [[zh:僧伽罗语]] 5195 2006-04-22T05:39:24Z Sasakthi 84 {{Infobox Language |name=Sinhala |nativename=සිංහල ''{{IAST|siṁhala}}'' |region=[[Sri Lanka]] |speakers=15 million |familycolor=Indo-European |fam2=[[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]] |fam3=[[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] |fam4=[[West and Southwest group|Southern zone]] |fam5=[[Sinhalese-Maldivian languages|Sinhalese-Maldivian]] |script=[[Sinhala script|Sinhala abugida]] (developed from the [[Brahmic family|Brahmi]]) |nation=[[Sri Lanka]] |iso1=si|iso2=sin|iso3=sin |map= |notice=Indic}} [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ]] ප්‍රධාන ඡන කොට්ටාශය වන ''සිංහල'' ඡනයාගේ මවු බස ''සිංහල'' වෙයි. සිංහල‍ [[ඉන්දු-යුරෝපීය භාෂා]] වල උප ගනයක් වන [[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය භාෂා]] ගනයට අයිති වන අතර [[මාල දිවයින]] භාවිතා කරන [[දිවෙලි භාෂාව]] භාෂාවට විශාල සමානතාවයක් දක්වයි. සිංහලයෙන් කතා කරන ලෝක ඡනගහනය මිලියන 13ක් පමන වෙයි. සිංහල භාෂාව [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට]] [[ඉන්දියාව|ඉන්දියාවෙන්]] [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 500|ක්‍රි.පූ. 500දී]] පමන විඡයාගමනයෙන් ලැඛුන බවට විශ්වාස කරන අතර, සෙල් ලිපි සහ [[මහා වංශය]] මෙයට සාක්ෂි දරයි. [[බුදු දහම|බුදු දහමෙන්]] ආභාශය ලත් සිංහල කෘති විශාල ප්‍රමානයක් ඇති අතර මේවා [[ඉන්දියාව|ඉන්දියානු]] කෘති වලට සමානතාවයක් දක්වයි (ඉන්දියානු සන්දේශ කාව්‍ය). [[කාලිදාස]] සහ එවැනි ඉන්දියානු කිවියන්ගේ ආභාශය සිංහල සාහිත්‍යයේ ඇති බවට ''කුකවි වැඩ'' විවාදයන් සාක්ෂි දරයි. දකුණු ඉන්දීය [[දෙමළ ඡාතිය|දෙමළ]] ඡාතිකයින්ගේ ආක්‍රමණ නිසා බොහෝ දෙමළ වචන සිංහල භාෂාවට ඇතුළු වූ අතර [[පෘතුගාලය|පෘතුගීසි]], [[ඹ්ලන්දය|ලන්දේසි]] සහ [[එන්ගලන්තය|ඉන්ග්‍රීසි]] ආක්‍රමණ නිසා සිංහල භාෂාවට එම වචනද ඇතුළු වී ඇත. [[ක්‍රි.ව. 20වන ‍ශත වර්ශය|ක්‍රි.ව. 20වන ‍ශත වර්ශයේ]] මුල වකවානුවේ [[කුමාරතුංග මුනිදාස]] පඪිදු ඇරඹි ''හෙළ බස'' ව්‍යාප්‍රතිය නීසාද, දිනමිණ වැනි පුවත් පත් නිසාද සිංහල භාෂාවට නව ඡීවයක් ලැබුණි. ([[මාටින් වික්‍රමසිංහ]] කීතු දිනමිණ පුවත් පතෙහි ප්‍රසිද්ධ කතුවරයෙකි) [[සිංහල අක්ෂර]] [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 500|ක්‍රි.පූ. 500දී]] පමන ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට හැඳින්වුනු පැරණි [[බ්‍රාහ්මීය අක්ෂර]] වලින් පැවත එයි. සිංහල හෝඩියේ අක්ෂර 56ක් ඇති අතර ඉන් 4ක් මෑත කාලයේදී ඇතුලත් වූවා වෙයි. සිංහල භාෂාවෙහි ස්වර විශාල ප්‍රමානයක් ඇත. සිංහල භාෂාවට දුරස්ම අනු-භාෂාව කතා කරන්නේ [[රොඩී]] කුළයෙහි පුද්ගලයින්ය. [[වැද්දන්]] කතා කරන භාෂාව සිංහලට සමානතාවයක් දැක්වූවත්, එහි වෙන භාෂා වල නැති වචන විශාල ප්‍රමානයක් ඇත. සිංහල ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ව්‍යවස්ථාවේ ඡාතික භාෂාවක් ලෙස සලකයි. ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== *[http://www.sinhala-online.com/ සිංහල හබ්දකෝෂය] *[http://www.info.lk/slword/ සිංහල අක්ෂර] {{interwiki|code=si}} [[Category:ඉන්දු-ආර්ය භාෂා]] [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ භාෂා]] [[br:Sinhaleg]] [[bg:Синхалски език]] [[da:Singalesisk]] [[de:Singhalesische Sprache]] [[es:Idioma cingalés]] [[fr:Cingalais]] [[ko:신할라어]] [[hi:सिंहली भाषा]] [[id:Bahasa Sinhala]] [[nl:Singalees]] [[ja:シンハラ語]] [[pl:Język syngaleski]] [[pt:Língua sinhala]] [[fi:Sinhalan kieli]] [[sv:Singalesiska]] [[ta:சிங்கள மொழி]] [[th:ภาษาสิงหล]] [[zh:僧伽罗语]] 5196 2006-04-22T05:52:20Z Sasakthi 84 Translating the template {{Infobox Language |name=සිංහල |nativename=සිංහල ''{{IAST|siṁhala}}'' |region=[[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව]] |speakers= මිලියන 15 |familycolor=ඉන්දු-යුරෝපීය |fam2=[[ඉන්දු-ඉරානීය භාෂා|ඉන්දු-ඉරානීය]] |fam3=[[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය භාෂා|ඉන්දු-ආර්ය]] |fam4=[[බටහිර සහ නිරිතදිග කොටස|දකුණු ප්‍රදේහය]] |fam5=[[සිංහල-මාල දිවයින භාෂා|සිංහල-මාල දිවයින]] |script=[[සිංහල අක්ෂර|සිංහල අබුගිඩා]] (බ්‍රාහ්මීය අක්ෂර අබුගිඩා වලින් පැවත එයි) |nation=[[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව]] |iso1=si|iso2=sin|iso3=sin |notice=Indic}} [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ]] ප්‍රධාන ඡන කොට්ටාශය වන ''සිංහල'' ඡනයාගේ මවු බස ''සිංහල'' වෙයි. සිංහල‍ [[ඉන්දු-යුරෝපීය භාෂා]] වල උප ගනයක් වන [[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය භාෂා]] ගනයට අයිති වන අතර [[මාල දිවයින]] භාවිතා කරන [[දිවෙලි භාෂාව]] භාෂාවට විශාල සමානතාවයක් දක්වයි. සිංහලයෙන් කතා කරන ලෝක ඡනගහනය මිලියන 15ක් පමන වෙයි. සිංහල භාෂාව [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට]] [[ඉන්දියාව|ඉන්දියාවෙන්]] [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 500|ක්‍රි.පූ. 500දී]] පමන විඡයාගමනයෙන් ලැඛුන බවට විශ්වාස කරන අතර, සෙල් ලිපි සහ [[මහා වංශය]] මෙයට සාක්ෂි දරයි. [[බුදු දහම|බුදු දහමෙන්]] ආභාශය ලත් සිංහල කෘති විශාල ප්‍රමානයක් ඇති අතර මේවා [[ඉන්දියාව|ඉන්දියානු]] කෘති වලට සමානතාවයක් දක්වයි (ඉන්දියානු සන්දේශ කාව්‍ය). [[කාලිදාස]] සහ එවැනි ඉන්දියානු කිවියන්ගේ ආභාශය සිංහල සාහිත්‍යයේ ඇති බවට ''කුකවි වැඩ'' විවාදයන් සාක්ෂි දරයි. දකුණු ඉන්දීය [[දෙමළ ඡාතිය|දෙමළ]] ඡාතිකයින්ගේ ආක්‍රමණ නිසා බොහෝ දෙමළ වචන සිංහල භාෂාවට ඇතුළු වූ අතර [[පෘතුගාලය|පෘතුගීසි]], [[ඹ්ලන්දය|ලන්දේසි]] සහ [[එන්ගලන්තය|ඉන්ග්‍රීසි]] ආක්‍රමණ නිසා සිංහල භාෂාවට එම වචනද ඇතුළු වී ඇත. [[ක්‍රි.ව. 20වන ‍ශත වර්ශය|ක්‍රි.ව. 20වන ‍ශත වර්ශයේ]] මුල වකවානුවේ [[කුමාරතුංග මුනිදාස]] පඪිදු ඇරඹි ''හෙළ බස'' ව්‍යාප්‍රතිය නීසාද, දිනමිණ වැනි පුවත් පත් නිසාද සිංහල භාෂාවට නව ඡීවයක් ලැබුණි. ([[මාටින් වික්‍රමසිංහ]] කීතු දිනමිණ පුවත් පතෙහි ප්‍රසිද්ධ කතුවරයෙකි) [[සිංහල අක්ෂර]] [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 500|ක්‍රි.පූ. 500දී]] පමන ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට හැඳින්වුනු පැරණි [[බ්‍රාහ්මීය අක්ෂර]] වලින් පැවත එයි. සිංහල හෝඩියේ අක්ෂර 56ක් ඇති අතර ඉන් 4ක් මෑත කාලයේදී ඇතුලත් වූවා වෙයි. සිංහල භාෂාවෙහි ස්වර විශාල ප්‍රමානයක් ඇත. සිංහල භාෂාවට දුරස්ම අනු-භාෂාව කතා කරන්නේ [[රොඩී]] කුළයෙහි පුද්ගලයින්ය. [[වැද්දන්]] කතා කරන භාෂාව සිංහලට සමානතාවයක් දැක්වූවත්, එහි වෙන භාෂා වල නැති වචන විශාල ප්‍රමානයක් ඇත. සිංහල ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ව්‍යවස්ථාවේ ඡාතික භාෂාවක් ලෙස සලකයි. ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== *[http://www.sinhala-online.com/ සිංහල හබ්දකෝෂය] *[http://www.info.lk/slword/ සිංහල අක්ෂර] {{interwiki|code=si}} [[Category:ඉන්දු-ආර්ය භාෂා]] [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ භාෂා]] [[br:Sinhaleg]] [[bg:Синхалски език]] [[da:Singalesisk]] [[de:Singhalesische Sprache]] [[es:Idioma cingalés]] [[fr:Cingalais]] [[ko:신할라어]] [[hi:सिंहली भाषा]] [[id:Bahasa Sinhala]] [[nl:Singalees]] [[ja:シンハラ語]] [[pl:Język syngaleski]] [[pt:Língua sinhala]] [[fi:Sinhalan kieli]] [[sv:Singalesiska]] [[ta:சிங்கள மொழி]] [[th:ภาษาสิงหล]] [[zh:僧伽罗语]] 5214 2006-04-22T06:32:53Z Sasakthi 84 {{Infobox Language |name=සිංහල |nativename=සිංහල ''{{IAST|siṁhala}}'' |region=[[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව]] |speakers= මිලියන 15 |familycolor=ඉන්දු-යුරෝපීය |fam2=[[ඉන්දු-ඉරානීය භාෂා|ඉන්දු-ඉරානීය]] |fam3=[[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය භාෂා|ඉන්දු-ආර්ය]] |fam4=[[බටහිර සහ නිරිතදිග කොටස|දකුණු ප්‍රදේහය]] |fam5=[[සිංහල-මාල දිවයින භාෂා|සිංහල-මාල දිවයින]] |script=[[සිංහල අක්ෂර|සිංහල අබුගිඩා]] (බ්‍රාහ්මීය අක්ෂර අබුගිඩා වලින් පැවත එයි) |nation=[[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව]] |iso1=si|iso2=sin|iso3=sin |notice=Indic}} [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ]] ප්‍රධාන ඡන කොට්ටාශය වන ''සිංහල'' ඡනයාගේ මවු බස ''සිංහල'' වෙයි. සිංහල‍ [[ඉන්දු-යුරෝපීය භාෂා]] වල උප ගනයක් වන [[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය භාෂා]] ගනයට අයිති වන අතර [[මාල දිවයින]] භාවිතා කරන [[දිවෙලි භාෂාව]] භාෂාවට විශාල සමානතාවයක් දක්වයි. සිංහලයෙන් කතා කරන ලෝක ඡනගහනය මිලියන 15ක් පමන වෙයි. සිංහල භාෂාව [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට]] [[ඉන්දියාව|ඉන්දියාවෙන්]] [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 500|ක්‍රි.පූ. 500දී]] පමන විඡයාගමනයෙන් ලැඛුන බවට විශ්වාස කරන අතර, සෙල් ලිපි සහ [[මහා වංශය]] මෙයට සාක්ෂි දරයි. [[බුදු දහම|බුදු දහමෙන්]] ආභාශය ලත් සිංහල කෘති විශාල ප්‍රමානයක් ඇති අතර මේවා [[ඉන්දියාව|ඉන්දියානු]] කෘති වලට සමානතාවයක් දක්වයි (ඉන්දියානු සන්දේශ කාව්‍ය). [[කාලිදාස]] සහ එවැනි ඉන්දියානු කිවියන්ගේ ආභාශය සිංහල සාහිත්‍යයේ ඇති බවට ''කුකවි වැඩ'' විවාදයන් සාක්ෂි දරයි. දකුණු ඉන්දීය [[දෙමළ ඡාතිය|දෙමළ]] ඡාතිකයින්ගේ ආක්‍රමණ නිසා බොහෝ දෙමළ වචන සිංහල භාෂාවට ඇතුළු වූ අතර [[පෘතුගාලය|පෘතුගීසි]], [[ඹ්ලන්දය|ලන්දේසි]] සහ [[එන්ගලන්තය|ඉන්ග්‍රීසි]] ආක්‍රමණ නිසා සිංහල භාෂාවට එම වචනද ඇතුළු වී ඇත. [[ක්‍රි.ව. 20වන ‍ශත වර්ශය|ක්‍රි.ව. 20වන ‍ශත වර්ශයේ]] මුල වකවානුවේ [[කුමාරතුංග මුනිදාස]] පඪිදු ඇරඹි ''හෙළ බස'' ව්‍යාප්‍රතිය නීසාද, දිනමිණ වැනි පුවත් පත් නිසාද සිංහල භාෂාවට නව ඡීවයක් ලැබුණි. ([[මාටින් වික්‍රමසිංහ]] කීතු දිනමිණ පුවත් පතෙහි ප්‍රසිද්ධ කතුවරයෙකි) [[සිංහල අක්ෂර]] [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 500|ක්‍රි.පූ. 500දී]] පමන ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට හැඳින්වුනු පැරණි [[බ්‍රාහ්මීය අක්ෂර]] වලින් පැවත එයි. සිංහල හෝඩියේ අක්ෂර 56ක් ඇති අතර ඉන් 4ක් මෑත කාලයේදී ඇතුලත් වූවා වෙයි. සිංහල භාෂාවෙහි ස්වර විශාල ප්‍රමානයක් ඇත. සිංහල භාෂාවට දුරස්ම අනු-භාෂාව කතා කරන්නේ [[රොඩී]] කුළයෙහි පුද්ගලයින්ය. [[වැද්දන්]] කතා කරන භාෂාව සිංහලට සමානතාවයක් දැක්වූවත්, එහි වෙන භාෂා වල නැති වචන විශාල ප්‍රමානයක් ඇත. සිංහල ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ව්‍යවස්ථාවේ ඡාතික භාෂාවක් ලෙස සලකයි. ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== *[http://www.sinhala-online.com/ සිංහල හබ්දකෝෂය] *[http://www.info.lk/slword/ සිංහල අක්ෂර] {{interwiki|code=en}} [[Category:ඉන්දු-ආර්ය භාෂා]] [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ භාෂා]] [[br:Sinhaleg]] [[bg:Синхалски език]] [[da:Singalesisk]] [[de:Singhalesische Sprache]] [[es:Idioma cingalés]] [[fr:Cingalais]] [[ko:신할라어]] [[hi:सिंहली भाषा]] [[id:Bahasa Sinhala]] [[nl:Singalees]] [[ja:シンハラ語]] [[pl:Język syngaleski]] [[pt:Língua sinhala]] [[fi:Sinhalan kieli]] [[sv:Singalesiska]] [[ta:சிங்கள மொழி]] [[th:ภาษาสิงหล]] [[zh:僧伽罗语]] 5215 2006-04-22T06:33:36Z Sasakthi 84 {{Infobox Language |name=සිංහල |nativename=සිංහල ''{{IAST|siṁhala}}'' |region=[[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව]] |speakers= මිලියන 15 |familycolor=ඉන්දු-යුරෝපීය |fam2=[[ඉන්දු-ඉරානීය භාෂා|ඉන්දු-ඉරානීය]] |fam3=[[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය භාෂා|ඉන්දු-ආර්ය]] |fam4=[[බටහිර සහ නිරිතදිග කොටස|දකුණු ප්‍රදේහය]] |fam5=[[සිංහල-මාල දිවයින භාෂා|සිංහල-මාල දිවයින]] |script=[[සිංහල අක්ෂර|සිංහල අබුගිඩා]] (බ්‍රාහ්මීය අක්ෂර අබුගිඩා වලින් පැවත එයි) |nation=[[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව]] |iso1=si|iso2=sin|iso3=sin |notice=Indic}} [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ]] ප්‍රධාන ඡන කොට්ටාශය වන ''සිංහල'' ඡනයාගේ මවු බස ''සිංහල'' වෙයි. සිංහල‍ [[ඉන්දු-යුරෝපීය භාෂා]] වල උප ගනයක් වන [[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය භාෂා]] ගනයට අයිති වන අතර [[මාල දිවයින]] භාවිතා කරන [[දිවෙලි භාෂාව]] භාෂාවට විශාල සමානතාවයක් දක්වයි. සිංහලයෙන් කතා කරන ලෝක ඡනගහනය මිලියන 15ක් පමන වෙයි. සිංහල භාෂාව [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට]] [[ඉන්දියාව|ඉන්දියාවෙන්]] [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 500|ක්‍රි.පූ. 500දී]] පමන විඡයාගමනයෙන් ලැඛුන බවට විශ්වාස කරන අතර, සෙල් ලිපි සහ [[මහා වංශය]] මෙයට සාක්ෂි දරයි. [[බුදු දහම|බුදු දහමෙන්]] ආභාශය ලත් සිංහල කෘති විශාල ප්‍රමානයක් ඇති අතර මේවා [[ඉන්දියාව|ඉන්දියානු]] කෘති වලට සමානතාවයක් දක්වයි (ඉන්දියානු සන්දේශ කාව්‍ය). [[කාලිදාස]] සහ එවැනි ඉන්දියානු කිවියන්ගේ ආභාශය සිංහල සාහිත්‍යයේ ඇති බවට ''කුකවි වැඩ'' විවාදයන් සාක්ෂි දරයි. දකුණු ඉන්දීය [[දෙමළ ඡාතිය|දෙමළ]] ඡාතිකයින්ගේ ආක්‍රමණ නිසා බොහෝ දෙමළ වචන සිංහල භාෂාවට ඇතුළු වූ අතර [[පෘතුගාලය|පෘතුගීසි]], [[ඹ්ලන්දය|ලන්දේසි]] සහ [[එන්ගලන්තය|ඉන්ග්‍රීසි]] ආක්‍රමණ නිසා සිංහල භාෂාවට එම වචනද ඇතුළු වී ඇත. [[ක්‍රි.ව. 20වන ‍ශත වර්ශය|ක්‍රි.ව. 20වන ‍ශත වර්ශයේ]] මුල වකවානුවේ [[කුමාරතුංග මුනිදාස]] පඪිදු ඇරඹි ''හෙළ බස'' ව්‍යාප්‍රතිය නීසාද, දිනමිණ වැනි පුවත් පත් නිසාද සිංහල භාෂාවට නව ඡීවයක් ලැබුණි. ([[මාටින් වික්‍රමසිංහ]] කීතු දිනමිණ පුවත් පතෙහි ප්‍රසිද්ධ කතුවරයෙකි) [[සිංහල අක්ෂර]] [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 500|ක්‍රි.පූ. 500දී]] පමන ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට හැඳින්වුනු පැරණි [[බ්‍රාහ්මීය අක්ෂර]] වලින් පැවත එයි. සිංහල හෝඩියේ අක්ෂර 56ක් ඇති අතර ඉන් 4ක් මෑත කාලයේදී ඇතුලත් වූවා වෙයි. සිංහල භාෂාවෙහි ස්වර විශාල ප්‍රමානයක් ඇත. සිංහල භාෂාවට දුරස්ම අනු-භාෂාව කතා කරන්නේ [[රොඩී]] කුළයෙහි පුද්ගලයින්ය. [[වැද්දන්]] කතා කරන භාෂාව සිංහලට සමානතාවයක් දැක්වූවත්, එහි වෙන භාෂා වල නැති වචන විශාල ප්‍රමානයක් ඇත. සිංහල ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ව්‍යවස්ථාවේ ඡාතික භාෂාවක් ලෙස සලකයි. ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== *[http://www.sinhala-online.com/ සිංහල හබ්දකෝෂය] *[http://www.info.lk/slword/ සිංහල අක්ෂර] {{interwiki|code=si}} [[Category:ඉන්දු-ආර්ය භාෂා]] [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ භාෂා]] [[br:Sinhaleg]] [[bg:Синхалски език]] [[da:Singalesisk]] [[de:Singhalesische Sprache]] [[es:Idioma cingalés]] [[fr:Cingalais]] [[ko:신할라어]] [[hi:सिंहली भाषा]] [[id:Bahasa Sinhala]] [[nl:Singalees]] [[ja:シンハラ語]] [[pl:Język syngaleski]] [[pt:Língua sinhala]] [[fi:Sinhalan kieli]] [[sv:Singalesiska]] [[ta:சிங்கள மொழி]] [[th:ภาษาสิงหล]] [[zh:僧伽罗语]] 5231 2006-04-22T07:11:19Z Sasakthi 84 {{Infobox Language |name=සිංහල |nativename=සිංහල ''{{IAST|siṁhala}}'' |region=[[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව]] |speakers= මිලියන 15 |familycolor=ඉන්දු-යුරෝපීය |fam2=[[ඉන්දු-ඉරානීය භාෂා|ඉන්දු-ඉරානීය]] |fam3=[[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය භාෂා|ඉන්දු-ආර්ය]] |fam4=[[බටහිර සහ නිරිතදිග කොටස|දකුණු ප්‍රදේහය]] |fam5=[[සිංහල-මාල දිවයින භාෂා|සිංහල-මාල දිවයින]] |script=[[සිංහල අක්ෂර|සිංහල අබුගිඩා]] (බ්‍රාහ්මීය අක්ෂර අබුගිඩා වලින් පැවත එයි) |nation=[[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව]] |iso1=si|iso2=sin|iso3=sin |notice=Indic}} [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ]] ප්‍රධාන ඡන කොට්ටාශය වන ''සිංහල'' ඡනයාගේ මවු බස ''සිංහල'' වෙයි. සිංහල‍ [[ඉන්දු-යුරෝපීය භාෂා]] වල උප ගනයක් වන [[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය භාෂා]] ගනයට අයිති වන අතර [[මාල දිවයින]] භාවිතා කරන [[දිවෙලි භාෂාව]] භාෂාවට විශාල සමානතාවයක් දක්වයි. සිංහලයෙන් කතා කරන ලෝක ඡනගහනය මිලියන 15ක් පමන වෙයි. සිංහල භාෂාව [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට]] [[ඉන්දියාව|ඉන්දියාවෙන්]] [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 500|ක්‍රි.පූ. 500දී]] පමන විඡයාගමනයෙන් ලැඛුන බවට විශ්වාස කරන අතර, සෙල් ලිපි සහ [[මහා වංශය]] මෙයට සාක්ෂි දරයි. [[බුදු දහම|බුදු දහමෙන්]] ආභාශය ලත් සිංහල කෘති විශාල ප්‍රමානයක් ඇති අතර මේවා [[ඉන්දියාව|ඉන්දියානු]] කෘති වලට සමානතාවයක් දක්වයි (ඉන්දියානු සන්දේශ කාව්‍ය). [[කාලිදාස]] සහ එවැනි ඉන්දියානු කිවියන්ගේ ආභාශය සිංහල සාහිත්‍යයේ ඇති බවට ''කුකවි වැඩ'' විවාදයන් සාක්ෂි දරයි. දකුණු ඉන්දීය [[දෙමළ ඡාතිය|දෙමළ]] ඡාතිකයින්ගේ ආක්‍රමණ නිසා බොහෝ දෙමළ වචන සිංහල භාෂාවට ඇතුළු වූ අතර [[පෘතුගාලය|පෘතුගීසි]], [[ඹ්ලන්දය|ලන්දේසි]] සහ [[එන්ගලන්තය|ඉන්ග්‍රීසි]] ආක්‍රමණ නිසා සිංහල භාෂාවට එම වචනද ඇතුළු වී ඇත. [[ක්‍රි.ව. 20වන ‍ශත වර්ශය|ක්‍රි.ව. 20වන ‍ශත වර්ශයේ]] මුල වකවානුවේ [[කුමාරතුංග මුනිදාස]] පඪිදු ඇරඹි ''හෙළ බස'' ව්‍යාප්‍රතිය නීසාද, දිනමිණ වැනි පුවත් පත් නිසාද සිංහල භාෂාවට නව ඡීවයක් ලැබුණි. ([[මාටින් වික්‍රමසිංහ]] කීතු දිනමිණ පුවත් පතෙහි ප්‍රසිද්ධ කතුවරයෙකි) [[සිංහල අක්ෂර]] [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 500|ක්‍රි.පූ. 500දී]] පමන ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට හැඳින්වුනු පැරණි [[බ්‍රාහ්මීය අක්ෂර]] වලින් පැවත එයි. සිංහල හෝඩියේ අක්ෂර 56ක් ඇති අතර ඉන් 4ක් මෑත කාලයේදී ඇතුලත් වූවා වෙයි. සිංහල භාෂාවෙහි ස්වර විශාල ප්‍රමානයක් ඇත. සිංහල භාෂාවට දුරස්ම අනු-භාෂාව කතා කරන්නේ [[රොඩී]] කුළයෙහි පුද්ගලයින්ය. [[වැද්දන්]] කතා කරන භාෂාව සිංහලට සමානතාවයක් දැක්වූවත්, එහි වෙන භාෂා වල නැති වචන විශාල ප්‍රමානයක් ඇත. සිංහල ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ව්‍යවස්ථාවේ ඡාතික භාෂාවක් ලෙස සලකයි. ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== {{interwiki|code=si}} *[http://www.sinhala-online.com/ සිංහල හබ්දකෝෂය] *[http://www.info.lk/slword/ සිංහල අක්ෂර] [[Category:ඉන්දු-ආර්ය භාෂා]] [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ භාෂා]] [[br:Sinhaleg]] [[bg:Синхалски език]] [[da:Singalesisk]] [[de:Singhalesische Sprache]] [[es:Idioma cingalés]] [[fr:Cingalais]] [[ko:신할라어]] [[hi:सिंहली भाषा]] [[id:Bahasa Sinhala]] [[nl:Singalees]] [[ja:シンハラ語]] [[pl:Język syngaleski]] [[pt:Língua sinhala]] [[fi:Sinhalan kieli]] [[sv:Singalesiska]] [[ta:சிங்கள மொழி]] [[th:ภาษาสิงหล]] [[zh:僧伽罗语]] 5235 2006-04-22T07:17:03Z Sasakthi 84 {{Infobox Language |name=සිංහල |nativename=සිංහල ''{{IAST|siṁhala}}'' |region=[[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව]] |speakers= මිලියන 15 |familycolor=ඉන්දු-යුරෝපීය |fam2=[[ඉන්දු-ඉරානීය භාෂා|ඉන්දු-ඉරානීය]] |fam3=[[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය භාෂා|ඉන්දු-ආර්ය]] |fam4=[[බටහිර සහ නිරිතදිග කොටස|දකුණු ප්‍රදේහය]] |fam5=[[සිංහල-මාල දිවයින භාෂා|සිංහල-මාල දිවයින]] |script=[[සිංහල අක්ෂර|සිංහල අබුගිඩා]] (බ්‍රාහ්මීය අක්ෂර අබුගිඩා වලින් පැවත එයි) |nation=[[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව]] |iso1=si|iso2=sin|iso3=sin |notice=Indic}} [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ]] ප්‍රධාන ඡන කොට්ටාශය වන ''සිංහල'' ඡනයාගේ මවු බස ''සිංහල'' වෙයි. සිංහල‍ [[ඉන්දු-යුරෝපීය භාෂා]] වල උප ගනයක් වන [[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය භාෂා]] ගනයට අයිති වන අතර [[මාල දිවයින]] භාවිතා කරන [[දිවෙලි භාෂාව]] භාෂාවට විශාල සමානතාවයක් දක්වයි. සිංහලයෙන් කතා කරන ලෝක ඡනගහනය මිලියන 15ක් පමන වෙයි. සිංහල භාෂාව [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට]] [[ඉන්දියාව|ඉන්දියාවෙන්]] [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 500|ක්‍රි.පූ. 500දී]] පමන විඡයාගමනයෙන් ලැඛුන බවට විශ්වාස කරන අතර, සෙල් ලිපි සහ [[මහා වංශය]] මෙයට සාක්ෂි දරයි. [[බුදු දහම|බුදු දහමෙන්]] ආභාශය ලත් සිංහල කෘති විශාල ප්‍රමානයක් ඇති අතර මේවා [[ඉන්දියාව|ඉන්දියානු]] කෘති වලට සමානතාවයක් දක්වයි (ඉන්දියානු සන්දේශ කාව්‍ය). [[කාලිදාස]] සහ එවැනි ඉන්දියානු කිවියන්ගේ ආභාශය සිංහල සාහිත්‍යයේ ඇති බවට ''කුකවි වැඩ'' විවාදයන් සාක්ෂි දරයි. දකුණු ඉන්දීය [[දෙමළ ඡාතිය|දෙමළ]] ඡාතිකයින්ගේ ආක්‍රමණ නිසා බොහෝ දෙමළ වචන සිංහල භාෂාවට ඇතුළු වූ අතර [[පෘතුගාලය|පෘතුගීසි]], [[ඹ්ලන්දය|ලන්දේසි]] සහ [[එන්ගලන්තය|ඉන්ග්‍රීසි]] ආක්‍රමණ නිසා සිංහල භාෂාවට එම වචනද ඇතුළු වී ඇත. [[ක්‍රි.ව. 20වන ‍ශත වර්ශය|ක්‍රි.ව. 20වන ‍ශත වර්ශයේ]] මුල වකවානුවේ [[කුමාරතුංග මුනිදාස]] පඪිදු ඇරඹි ''හෙළ බස'' ව්‍යාප්‍රතිය නීසාද, දිනමිණ වැනි පුවත් පත් නිසාද සිංහල භාෂාවට නව ඡීවයක් ලැබුණි. ([[මාටින් වික්‍රමසිංහ]] කීතු දිනමිණ පුවත් පතෙහි ප්‍රසිද්ධ කතුවරයෙකි) [[සිංහල අක්ෂර]] [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 500|ක්‍රි.පූ. 500දී]] පමන ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට හැඳින්වුනු පැරණි [[බ්‍රාහ්මීය අක්ෂර]] වලින් පැවත එයි. සිංහල හෝඩියේ අක්ෂර 56ක් ඇති අතර ඉන් 4ක් මෑත කාලයේදී ඇතුලත් වූවා වෙයි. සිංහල භාෂාවෙහි ස්වර විශාල ප්‍රමානයක් ඇත. සිංහල භාෂාවට දුරස්ම අනු-භාෂාව කතා කරන්නේ [[රොඩී]] කුළයෙහි පුද්ගලයින්ය. [[වැද්දන්]] කතා කරන භාෂාව සිංහලට සමානතාවයක් දැක්වූවත්, එහි වෙන භාෂා වල නැති වචන විශාල ප්‍රමානයක් ඇත. සිංහල ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ව්‍යවස්ථාවේ ඡාතික භාෂාවක් ලෙස සලකයි. ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== *[http://www.sinhala-online.com/ සිංහල හබ්දකෝෂය] *[http://www.info.lk/slword/ සිංහල අක්ෂර] [[Category:ඉන්දු-ආර්ය භාෂා]] [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ භාෂා]] [[br:Sinhaleg]] [[bg:Синхалски език]] [[da:Singalesisk]] [[de:Singhalesische Sprache]] [[es:Idioma cingalés]] [[fr:Cingalais]] [[ko:신할라어]] [[hi:सिंहली भाषा]] [[id:Bahasa Sinhala]] [[nl:Singalees]] [[ja:シンハラ語]] [[pl:Język syngaleski]] [[pt:Língua sinhala]] [[fi:Sinhalan kieli]] [[sv:Singalesiska]] [[ta:சிங்கள மொழி]] [[th:ภาษาสิงหล]] [[zh:僧伽罗语]] 5275 2006-04-28T00:21:14Z Sasakthi 84 Adding English Wiki {{Infobox Language |name=සිංහල |nativename=සිංහල ''{{IAST|siṁhala}}'' |region=[[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව]] |speakers= මිලියන 15 |familycolor=ඉන්දු-යුරෝපීය |fam2=[[ඉන්දු-ඉරානීය භාෂා|ඉන්දු-ඉරානීය]] |fam3=[[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය භාෂා|ඉන්දු-ආර්ය]] |fam4=[[බටහිර සහ නිරිතදිග කොටස|දකුණු ප්‍රදේහය]] |fam5=[[සිංහල-මාල දිවයින භාෂා|සිංහල-මාල දිවයින]] |script=[[සිංහල අක්ෂර|සිංහල අබුගිඩා]] (බ්‍රාහ්මීය අක්ෂර අබුගිඩා වලින් පැවත එයි) |nation=[[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව]] |iso1=si|iso2=sin|iso3=sin |notice=Indic}} [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ]] ප්‍රධාන ඡන කොට්ටාශය වන ''සිංහල'' ඡනයාගේ මවු බස ''සිංහල'' වෙයි. සිංහල‍ [[ඉන්දු-යුරෝපීය භාෂා]] වල උප ගනයක් වන [[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය භාෂා]] ගනයට අයිති වන අතර [[මාල දිවයින]] භාවිතා කරන [[දිවෙලි භාෂාව]] භාෂාවට විශාල සමානතාවයක් දක්වයි. සිංහලයෙන් කතා කරන ලෝක ඡනගහනය මිලියන 15ක් පමන වෙයි. සිංහල භාෂාව [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට]] [[ඉන්දියාව|ඉන්දියාවෙන්]] [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 500|ක්‍රි.පූ. 500දී]] පමන විඡයාගමනයෙන් ලැඛුන බවට විශ්වාස කරන අතර, සෙල් ලිපි සහ [[මහා වංශය]] මෙයට සාක්ෂි දරයි. [[බුදු දහම|බුදු දහමෙන්]] ආභාශය ලත් සිංහල කෘති විශාල ප්‍රමානයක් ඇති අතර මේවා [[ඉන්දියාව|ඉන්දියානු]] කෘති වලට සමානතාවයක් දක්වයි (ඉන්දියානු සන්දේශ කාව්‍ය). [[කාලිදාස]] සහ එවැනි ඉන්දියානු කිවියන්ගේ ආභාශය සිංහල සාහිත්‍යයේ ඇති බවට ''කුකවි වැඩ'' විවාදයන් සාක්ෂි දරයි. දකුණු ඉන්දීය [[දෙමළ ඡාතිය|දෙමළ]] ඡාතිකයින්ගේ ආක්‍රමණ නිසා බොහෝ දෙමළ වචන සිංහල භාෂාවට ඇතුළු වූ අතර [[පෘතුගාලය|පෘතුගීසි]], [[ඹ්ලන්දය|ලන්දේසි]] සහ [[එන්ගලන්තය|ඉන්ග්‍රීසි]] ආක්‍රමණ නිසා සිංහල භාෂාවට එම වචනද ඇතුළු වී ඇත. [[ක්‍රි.ව. 20වන ‍ශත වර්ශය|ක්‍රි.ව. 20වන ‍ශත වර්ශයේ]] මුල වකවානුවේ [[කුමාරතුංග මුනිදාස]] පඪිදු ඇරඹි ''හෙළ බස'' ව්‍යාප්‍රතිය නීසාද, දිනමිණ වැනි පුවත් පත් නිසාද සිංහල භාෂාවට නව ඡීවයක් ලැබුණි. ([[මාටින් වික්‍රමසිංහ]] කීතු දිනමිණ පුවත් පතෙහි ප්‍රසිද්ධ කතුවරයෙකි) [[සිංහල අක්ෂර]] [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 500|ක්‍රි.පූ. 500දී]] පමන ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට හැඳින්වුනු පැරණි [[බ්‍රාහ්මීය අක්ෂර]] වලින් පැවත එයි. සිංහල හෝඩියේ අක්ෂර 56ක් ඇති අතර ඉන් 4ක් මෑත කාලයේදී ඇතුලත් වූවා වෙයි. සිංහල භාෂාවෙහි ස්වර විශාල ප්‍රමානයක් ඇත. සිංහල භාෂාවට දුරස්ම අනු-භාෂාව කතා කරන්නේ [[රොඩී]] කුළයෙහි පුද්ගලයින්ය. [[වැද්දන්]] කතා කරන භාෂාව සිංහලට සමානතාවයක් දැක්වූවත්, එහි වෙන භාෂා වල නැති වචන විශාල ප්‍රමානයක් ඇත. සිංහල ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ව්‍යවස්ථාවේ ඡාතික භාෂාවක් ලෙස සලකයි. ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== *[http://www.sinhala-online.com/ සිංහල හබ්දකෝෂය] *[http://www.info.lk/slword/ සිංහල අක්ෂර] [[Category:ඉන්දු-ආර්ය භාෂා]] [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ භාෂා]] [[en:Sinhala]] [[br:Sinhaleg]] [[bg:Синхалски език]] [[da:Singalesisk]] [[de:Singhalesische Sprache]] [[es:Idioma cingalés]] [[fr:Cingalais]] [[ko:신할라어]] [[hi:सिंहली भाषा]] [[id:Bahasa Sinhala]] [[nl:Singalees]] [[ja:シンハラ語]] [[pl:Język syngaleski]] [[pt:Língua sinhala]] [[fi:Sinhalan kieli]] [[sv:Singalesiska]] [[ta:சிங்கள மொழி]] [[th:ภาษาสิงหล]] [[zh:僧伽罗语]] 5433 2006-05-27T16:52:17Z Arw 97 {{Infobox Language |name=සිංහල |nativename=සිංහල ''{{IAST|siṁhala}}'' |region=[[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව]] |speakers= මිලියන 15 |familycolor=ඉන්දු-යුරෝපීය |fam2=[[ඉන්දු-ඉරානීය භාෂා|ඉන්දු-ඉරානීය]] |fam3=[[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය භාෂා|ඉන්දු-ආර්ය]] |fam4=[[බටහිර සහ නිරිතදිග කොටස|දකුණු ප්‍රදේහය]] |fam5=[[සිංහල-මාල දිවයින භාෂා|සිංහල-මාල දිවයින]] |script=[[සිංහල අක්ෂර|සිංහල අබුගිඩා]] (බ්‍රාහ්මීය අක්ෂර අබුගිඩා වලින් පැවත එයි) |nation=[[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව]] |iso1=si|iso2=sin|iso3=sin |notice=Indic}} [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ]] ප්‍රධාන ඡන කොට්ටාශය වන ''සිංහල'' ඡනයාගේ මවු බස ''සිංහල'' වෙයි. සිංහල‍ [[ඉන්දු-යුරෝපීය භාෂා]] වල උප ගනයක් වන [[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය භාෂා]] ගනයට අයිති වන අතර [[මාල දිවයින]] භාවිතා කරන [[දිවෙලි භාෂාව]] භාෂාවට විශාල සමානතාවයක් දක්වයි. සිංහලයෙන් කතා කරන ලෝක ඡනගහනය මිලියන 15ක් පමන වෙයි. සිංහල භාෂාව [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට]] [[ඉන්දියාව|ඉන්දියාවෙන්]] [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 500|ක්‍රි.පූ. 500දී]] පමන විඡයාගමනයෙන් ලැඛුන බවට විශ්වාස කරන අතර, සෙල් ලිපි සහ [[මහා වංශය]] මෙයට සාක්ෂි දරයි. [[බුදු දහම|බුදු දහමෙන්]] ආභාශය ලත් සිංහල කෘති විශාල ප්‍රමානයක් ඇති අතර මේවා [[ඉන්දියාව|ඉන්දියානු]] කෘති වලට සමානතාවයක් දක්වයි (ඉන්දියානු සන්දේශ කාව්‍ය). [[කාලිදාස]] සහ එවැනි ඉන්දියානු කිවියන්ගේ ආභාශය සිංහල සාහිත්‍යයේ ඇති බවට ''කුකවි වැඩ'' විවාදයන් සාක්ෂි දරයි. දකුණු ඉන්දීය [[දෙමළ ඡාතිය|දෙමළ]] ඡාතිකයින්ගේ ආක්‍රමණ නිසා බොහෝ දෙමළ වචන සිංහල භාෂාවට ඇතුළු වූ අතර [[පෘතුගාලය|පෘතුගීසි]], [[ඹ්ලන්දය|ලන්දේසි]] සහ [[එන්ගලන්තය|ඉන්ග්‍රීසි]] ආක්‍රමණ නිසා සිංහල භාෂාවට එම වචනද ඇතුළු වී ඇත. [[ක්‍රි.ව. 20වන ‍ශත වර්ශය|ක්‍රි.ව. 20වන ‍ශත වර්ශයේ]] මුල වකවානුවේ [[කුමාරතුංග මුනිදාස]] පඪිදු ඇරඹි ''හෙළ බස'' ව්‍යාප්‍රතිය නීසාද, දිනමිණ වැනි පුවත් පත් නිසාද සිංහල භාෂාවට නව ඡීවයක් ලැබුණි. ([[මාටින් වික්‍රමසිංහ]] කීතු දිනමිණ පුවත් පතෙහි ප්‍රසිද්ධ කතුවරයෙකි) [[සිංහල අක්ෂර]] [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 500|ක්‍රි.පූ. 500දී]] පමන ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට හැඳින්වුනු පැරණි [[බ්‍රාහ්මීය අක්ෂර]] වලින් පැවත එයි. සිංහල හෝඩියේ අක්ෂර 56ක් ඇති අතර ඉන් 4ක් මෑත කාලයේදී ඇතුලත් වූවා වෙයි. සිංහල භාෂාවෙහි ස්වර විශාල ප්‍රමානයක් ඇත. සිංහල භාෂාවට දුරස්ම අනු-භාෂාව කතා කරන්නේ [[රොඩී]] කුළයෙහි පුද්ගලයින්ය. [[වැද්දන්]] කතා කරන භාෂාව සිංහලට සමානතාවයක් දැක්වූවත්, එහි වෙන භාෂා වල නැති වචන විශාල ප්‍රමානයක් ඇත. සිංහල ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ව්‍යවස්ථාවේ ඡාතික භාෂාවක් ලෙස සලකයි. ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== *[http://www.sinhala-online.com/ සිංහල හබ්දකෝෂය] *[http://www.info.lk/slword/ සිංහල අක්ෂර] *[http://www.sinhalasearch.com/ සිංහල ‍වෙ‍බ් අඩවි සෙවීම] [[Category:ඉන්දු-ආර්ය භාෂා]] [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ භාෂා]] [[en:Sinhala]] [[br:Sinhaleg]] [[bg:Синхалски език]] [[da:Singalesisk]] [[de:Singhalesische Sprache]] [[es:Idioma cingalés]] [[fr:Cingalais]] [[ko:신할라어]] [[hi:सिंहली भाषा]] [[id:Bahasa Sinhala]] [[nl:Singalees]] [[ja:シンハラ語]] [[pl:Język syngaleski]] [[pt:Língua sinhala]] [[fi:Sinhalan kieli]] [[sv:Singalesiska]] [[ta:சிங்கள மொழி]] [[th:ภาษาสิงหล]] [[zh:僧伽罗语]] 5462 2006-06-01T14:15:09Z Lee 85 මහා වංශය -> මහාවංශය {{Infobox Language |name=සිංහල |nativename=සිංහල ''{{IAST|siṁhala}}'' |region=[[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව]] |speakers= මිලියන 15 |familycolor=ඉන්දු-යුරෝපීය |fam2=[[ඉන්දු-ඉරානීය භාෂා|ඉන්දු-ඉරානීය]] |fam3=[[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය භාෂා|ඉන්දු-ආර්ය]] |fam4=[[බටහිර සහ නිරිතදිග කොටස|දකුණු ප්‍රදේහය]] |fam5=[[සිංහල-මාල දිවයින භාෂා|සිංහල-මාල දිවයින]] |script=[[සිංහල අක්ෂර|සිංහල අබුගිඩා]] (බ්‍රාහ්මීය අක්ෂර අබුගිඩා වලින් පැවත එයි) |nation=[[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව]] |iso1=si|iso2=sin|iso3=sin |notice=Indic}} [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ]] ප්‍රධාන ඡන කොට්ටාශය වන ''සිංහල'' ඡනයාගේ මවු බස ''සිංහල'' වෙයි. සිංහල‍ [[ඉන්දු-යුරෝපීය භාෂා]] වල උප ගනයක් වන [[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය භාෂා]] ගනයට අයිති වන අතර [[මාල දිවයින]] භාවිතා කරන [[දිවෙලි භාෂාව]] භාෂාවට විශාල සමානතාවයක් දක්වයි. සිංහලයෙන් කතා කරන ලෝක ඡනගහනය මිලියන 15ක් පමන වෙයි. සිංහල භාෂාව [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට]] [[ඉන්දියාව|ඉන්දියාවෙන්]] [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 500|ක්‍රි.පූ. 500දී]] පමන විඡයාගමනයෙන් ලැඛුන බවට විශ්වාස කරන අතර, සෙල් ලිපි සහ [[මහාවංශය]] මෙයට සාක්ෂි දරයි. [[බුදු දහම|බුදු දහමෙන්]] ආභාශය ලත් සිංහල කෘති විශාල ප්‍රමානයක් ඇති අතර මේවා [[ඉන්දියාව|ඉන්දියානු]] කෘති වලට සමානතාවයක් දක්වයි (ඉන්දියානු සන්දේශ කාව්‍ය). [[කාලිදාස]] සහ එවැනි ඉන්දියානු කිවියන්ගේ ආභාශය සිංහල සාහිත්‍යයේ ඇති බවට ''කුකවි වැඩ'' විවාදයන් සාක්ෂි දරයි. දකුණු ඉන්දීය [[දෙමළ ඡාතිය|දෙමළ]] ඡාතිකයින්ගේ ආක්‍රමණ නිසා බොහෝ දෙමළ වචන සිංහල භාෂාවට ඇතුළු වූ අතර [[පෘතුගාලය|පෘතුගීසි]], [[ඹ්ලන්දය|ලන්දේසි]] සහ [[එන්ගලන්තය|ඉන්ග්‍රීසි]] ආක්‍රමණ නිසා සිංහල භාෂාවට එම වචනද ඇතුළු වී ඇත. [[ක්‍රි.ව. 20වන ‍ශත වර්ශය|ක්‍රි.ව. 20වන ‍ශත වර්ශයේ]] මුල වකවානුවේ [[කුමාරතුංග මුනිදාස]] පඪිදු ඇරඹි ''හෙළ බස'' ව්‍යාප්‍රතිය නීසාද, දිනමිණ වැනි පුවත් පත් නිසාද සිංහල භාෂාවට නව ඡීවයක් ලැබුණි. ([[මාටින් වික්‍රමසිංහ]] කීතු දිනමිණ පුවත් පතෙහි ප්‍රසිද්ධ කතුවරයෙකි) [[සිංහල අක්ෂර]] [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 500|ක්‍රි.පූ. 500දී]] පමන ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට හැඳින්වුනු පැරණි [[බ්‍රාහ්මීය අක්ෂර]] වලින් පැවත එයි. සිංහල හෝඩියේ අක්ෂර 56ක් ඇති අතර ඉන් 4ක් මෑත කාලයේදී ඇතුලත් වූවා වෙයි. සිංහල භාෂාවෙහි ස්වර විශාල ප්‍රමානයක් ඇත. සිංහල භාෂාවට දුරස්ම අනු-භාෂාව කතා කරන්නේ [[රොඩී]] කුළයෙහි පුද්ගලයින්ය. [[වැද්දන්]] කතා කරන භාෂාව සිංහලට සමානතාවයක් දැක්වූවත්, එහි වෙන භාෂා වල නැති වචන විශාල ප්‍රමානයක් ඇත. සිංහල ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ව්‍යවස්ථාවේ ඡාතික භාෂාවක් ලෙස සලකයි. ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== *[http://www.sinhala-online.com/ සිංහල හබ්දකෝෂය] *[http://www.info.lk/slword/ සිංහල අක්ෂර] *[http://www.sinhalasearch.com/ සිංහල ‍වෙ‍බ් අඩවි සෙවීම] [[Category:ඉන්දු-ආර්ය භාෂා]] [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ භාෂා]] [[en:Sinhala]] [[br:Sinhaleg]] [[bg:Синхалски език]] [[da:Singalesisk]] [[de:Singhalesische Sprache]] [[es:Idioma cingalés]] [[fr:Cingalais]] [[ko:신할라어]] [[hi:सिंहली भाषा]] [[id:Bahasa Sinhala]] [[nl:Singalees]] [[ja:シンハラ語]] [[pl:Język syngaleski]] [[pt:Língua sinhala]] [[fi:Sinhalan kieli]] [[sv:Singalesiska]] [[ta:சிங்கள மொழி]] [[th:ภาษาสิงหล]] [[zh:僧伽罗语]] 5662 2006-06-22T13:31:22Z 222.165.172.165 /* අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු */ {{Infobox Language |name=සිංහල |nativename=සිංහල ''{{IAST|siṁhala}}'' |region=[[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව]] |speakers= මිලියන 15 |familycolor=ඉන්දු-යුරෝපීය |fam2=[[ඉන්දු-ඉරානීය භාෂා|ඉන්දු-ඉරානීය]] |fam3=[[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය භාෂා|ඉන්දු-ආර්ය]] |fam4=[[බටහිර සහ නිරිතදිග කොටස|දකුණු ප්‍රදේහය]] |fam5=[[සිංහල-මාල දිවයින භාෂා|සිංහල-මාල දිවයින]] |script=[[සිංහල අක්ෂර|සිංහල අබුගිඩා]] (බ්‍රාහ්මීය අක්ෂර අබුගිඩා වලින් පැවත එයි) |nation=[[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව]] |iso1=si|iso2=sin|iso3=sin |notice=Indic}} [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ]] ප්‍රධාන ඡන කොට්ටාශය වන ''සිංහල'' ඡනයාගේ මවු බස ''සිංහල'' වෙයි. සිංහල‍ [[ඉන්දු-යුරෝපීය භාෂා]] වල උප ගනයක් වන [[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය භාෂා]] ගනයට අයිති වන අතර [[මාල දිවයින]] භාවිතා කරන [[දිවෙලි භාෂාව]] භාෂාවට විශාල සමානතාවයක් දක්වයි. සිංහලයෙන් කතා කරන ලෝක ඡනගහනය මිලියන 15ක් පමන වෙයි. සිංහල භාෂාව [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට]] [[ඉන්දියාව|ඉන්දියාවෙන්]] [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 500|ක්‍රි.පූ. 500දී]] පමන විඡයාගමනයෙන් ලැඛුන බවට විශ්වාස කරන අතර, සෙල් ලිපි සහ [[මහාවංශය]] මෙයට සාක්ෂි දරයි. [[බුදු දහම|බුදු දහමෙන්]] ආභාශය ලත් සිංහල කෘති විශාල ප්‍රමානයක් ඇති අතර මේවා [[ඉන්දියාව|ඉන්දියානු]] කෘති වලට සමානතාවයක් දක්වයි (ඉන්දියානු සන්දේශ කාව්‍ය). [[කාලිදාස]] සහ එවැනි ඉන්දියානු කිවියන්ගේ ආභාශය සිංහල සාහිත්‍යයේ ඇති බවට ''කුකවි වැඩ'' විවාදයන් සාක්ෂි දරයි. දකුණු ඉන්දීය [[දෙමළ ඡාතිය|දෙමළ]] ඡාතිකයින්ගේ ආක්‍රමණ නිසා බොහෝ දෙමළ වචන සිංහල භාෂාවට ඇතුළු වූ අතර [[පෘතුගාලය|පෘතුගීසි]], [[ඹ්ලන්දය|ලන්දේසි]] සහ [[එන්ගලන්තය|ඉන්ග්‍රීසි]] ආක්‍රමණ නිසා සිංහල භාෂාවට එම වචනද ඇතුළු වී ඇත. [[ක්‍රි.ව. 20වන ‍ශත වර්ශය|ක්‍රි.ව. 20වන ‍ශත වර්ශයේ]] මුල වකවානුවේ [[කුමාරතුංග මුනිදාස]] පඪිදු ඇරඹි ''හෙළ බස'' ව්‍යාප්‍රතිය නීසාද, දිනමිණ වැනි පුවත් පත් නිසාද සිංහල භාෂාවට නව ඡීවයක් ලැබුණි. ([[මාටින් වික්‍රමසිංහ]] කීතු දිනමිණ පුවත් පතෙහි ප්‍රසිද්ධ කතුවරයෙකි) [[සිංහල අක්ෂර]] [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 500|ක්‍රි.පූ. 500දී]] පමන ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට හැඳින්වුනු පැරණි [[බ්‍රාහ්මීය අක්ෂර]] වලින් පැවත එයි. සිංහල හෝඩියේ අක්ෂර 56ක් ඇති අතර ඉන් 4ක් මෑත කාලයේදී ඇතුලත් වූවා වෙයි. සිංහල භාෂාවෙහි ස්වර විශාල ප්‍රමානයක් ඇත. සිංහල භාෂාවට දුරස්ම අනු-භාෂාව කතා කරන්නේ [[රොඩී]] කුළයෙහි පුද්ගලයින්ය. [[වැද්දන්]] කතා කරන භාෂාව සිංහලට සමානතාවයක් දැක්වූවත්, එහි වෙන භාෂා වල නැති වචන විශාල ප්‍රමානයක් ඇත. සිංහල ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ව්‍යවස්ථාවේ ඡාතික භාෂාවක් ලෙස සලකයි. ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== *[http://www.sinhaladictionary.com/ සිංහල හබ්දකෝෂය] *[http://www.sinhala-online.com/ සිංහල හබ්දකෝෂය] *[http://www.info.lk/slword/ සිංහල අක්ෂර] *[http://www.sinhalasearch.com/ සිංහල ‍වෙ‍බ් අඩවි සෙවීම] [[Category:ඉන්දු-ආර්ය භාෂා]] [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ භාෂා]] [[en:Sinhala]] [[br:Sinhaleg]] [[bg:Синхалски език]] [[da:Singalesisk]] [[de:Singhalesische Sprache]] [[es:Idioma cingalés]] [[fr:Cingalais]] [[ko:신할라어]] [[hi:सिंहली भाषा]] [[id:Bahasa Sinhala]] [[nl:Singalees]] [[ja:シンハラ語]] [[pl:Język syngaleski]] [[pt:Língua sinhala]] [[fi:Sinhalan kieli]] [[sv:Singalesiska]] [[ta:சிங்கள மொழி]] [[th:ภาษาสิงหล]] [[zh:僧伽罗语]] MediaWiki:Logempty 1664 sysop 4730 2005-12-22T07:39:46Z MediaWiki default No matching items in log. MediaWiki:Newmessagesdifflink 1665 sysop 4733 2005-12-22T07:39:46Z MediaWiki default diff to penultimate revision MediaWiki:Nocreatetext 1666 sysop 4734 2005-12-22T07:39:46Z MediaWiki default This site has restricted the ability to create new pages. You can go back and edit an existing page, or [[Special:Userlogin|log in or create an account]]. MediaWiki:Nocreatetitle 1667 sysop 4735 2005-12-22T07:39:46Z MediaWiki default Page creation limited MediaWiki:Protect-default 1668 sysop 4736 2005-12-22T07:39:46Z MediaWiki default (default) MediaWiki:Protect-level-autoconfirmed 1669 sysop 4737 2005-12-22T07:39:46Z MediaWiki default Block unregistered users MediaWiki:Protect-level-sysop 1670 sysop 4738 2005-12-22T07:39:46Z MediaWiki default Sysops only MediaWiki:Protect-text 1671 sysop 4739 2005-12-22T07:39:46Z MediaWiki default You may view and change the protection level here for the page [[$1]]. Please be sure you are following the [[Project:Protected page|project guidelines]]. 4901 2006-02-26T02:05:31Z MediaWiki default You may view and change the protection level here for the page $1. Please be sure you are following the [[Project:Protected page|project guidelines]]. 5860 2006-07-01T19:07:51Z MediaWiki default You may view and change the protection level here for the page $1. MediaWiki:Protect-unchain 1672 sysop 4740 2005-12-22T07:39:46Z MediaWiki default Unlock move permissions MediaWiki:Protect-viewtext 1673 sysop 4741 2005-12-22T07:39:46Z MediaWiki default Your account does not have permission to change page protection levels. Here are the current settings for the page [[$1]]: 4902 2006-02-26T02:05:31Z MediaWiki default Your account does not have permission to change page protection levels. Here are the current settings for the page $1: MediaWiki:Youhavenewmessages 1674 sysop 4752 2005-12-22T07:39:48Z MediaWiki default You have $1 ($2). Help:Contents 1675 4757 2005-12-26T15:19:37Z Natkeeran 49 How to start a new wikipedia Other languages: [[de:Wikipedia:Wie man eine neue Wikipedia ins Leben ruft|Deutsch]], [[el:Πώς να αρχίσετε μια νέα Βικιπαίδεια|Ελληνικά]], [[eo:Vikipedio:Aldonu novan lingvan Vikipedion|Esperanto]], [[es:Wikipedia:Cómo empezar una nueva Wikipedia|Español]], [[pl:Wikipedia:Jak utworzyć nową Wikipedię|Polski]], [[vi:Wikipedia:Bắt đầu bản dịch về Wikipedia mới|Tiếng Việt]], [[he:ויקיפדיה:יצירת שפה חדשה בויקיפדיה|Ivrit]](he) ...[[Meta:Interlanguage links|''Translate this page!'']] Do you want to start a Wikipedia in a new language? Please realise that it could need a lot of work. It will take some time to become ready to "go live". You need to know your language well and it is strongly recommended to team up with other speakers of that language. It is also good to be experienced in editing a larger Wikipedia in another language. == Find your language == Go to your language's Wikipedia on '''[[List of Wikipedias]]'''. If your language is not on the list, then contact [http://mail.wikipedia.org/mailman/listinfo/wikipedia-l wikipedia-l] to ask for its creation. Then, list it on [[requests for new languages]]. In your posting, you should list some information. This might include the name of the language, the [[Language codes|language code]], and the number of people who can speak it. ''NB: The procedure is quite long and there are no guarantees the wiki will be created. Waiting time can take up to four months or longer.'' ==Getting help== If you do not already use another Wikipedia, you might have many questions when you begin. For answers to your questions, you may contact other Wikipedians. For example, you can contact people with the [[en:Wikipedia:Mailinglists|mailing lists]] or on the channel #wikimedia on [[IRC channels|IRC]]. Here are some people on meta willing to help: [[User:Node ue|Node]], [[User:Elian|Elian]] (en, de, fr), [[User:Angela|Angela]] (en), [[User:Danny|Danny]] (en, he) ==Start on the pages themselves== === Set Main Page === Inyalo loso main page. Inyalo dhi e (main page) mar Wikipedia ma ilok e e dhok moro.=== How to edit a page === You need to translate [[en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page|How to edit a page]] into your language. Another helpful link: [[Help:Starting a new page]]. === Add a link to lists of language Wikipedias available === Add your language to [[List of Wikipedias]]. Such lists exists in several languages, so you can go to [[Wikimedia Embassy]] for people who will help you. After you have added it to one or more Wikipedias, users of other languages will add it to theirs. === Translate the interface === To translate the [[wikt:interface|interface]] you must edit the pages in the [[Help:MediaWiki namespace|MediaWiki namespace]]. These pages can only be edited by sysops. You might need someone with sysop status very soon. Add your request on [[Requests for permissions]]. Please note that for the translation of ''the free encyclopedia'' that ''free'' in this sense means as in "not restricted", because English does not have different words for free (as in price or cost - like the French word "gratuit") and free (as in freedom or liberty - like the French word "libre"). This sometimes makes people confused. If your language has different words for the two kinds of "free", please use the one that refers to freedom or liberty. If the language has characters that are difficult to enter on some of keyboards used by speakers of the language, you can add a box of special characters to insert using the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki:Copyrightwarning?action=edit Copyrightwarning] message. === Prepare the Community pages === Each Wikimedia project has a place where users go to talk about things. In the English Wikipedia, for example, this is the [[en:Wikipedia:Village pump|Village pump]]. The French Wikipedia has [[fr:Wikipédia:Le Bistro|Le Bistro]]. Please choose a name for a page and then create the page. You will need a page where writers and editors can write their name and location. One idea is to use the page of [[en:Wikipedia:Wikipedians]] as a base and translate it in your language. === Set up basic guidelines=== There are a few rules that all Wikimedia projects must follow: * You cannot [[wikt:violate|violate]] the terms of a copyright. Please make a page to warn users not to copy things from other places without asking the author. * It is OK to [[wikt:distribute|distribute]] Wikipedia articles under the terms of the [[en:GNU Free Documentation License|GNU Free Documentation License]]. Please read the license and make a page to explain it. * Authors must write from a [[en:Wikipedia:Neutral point of view|neutral point of view]] (NPOV). Please make a page to explain this. * Please make a page to explain [[en:Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not|what Wikipedia is not]]. Other than these all-projects rules, each Wikipedia has created its own rules. Some rules you might want to have right away include: * [[wikt:orthography|Orthographic]] practices - if there is more than one way to spell or write your language, you will need rules about it. * Stylistic conventions - if your language does not have a standardised universal form (way everybody speaks it to understand each other), you will need to have one or have a rule to tell people which forms or dialects of your language to use. Also, you will need more complex stylistic conventions (for an example, see [[en:Wikipedia:Manual of style|here]]). * [[en:Wikipedia:Naming conventions|naming conventions]] === Add a style guide and resources for writers === You want to have a high-quality encyclopaedia. Please write a few suggestions for writers. Are there websites in your language about how to write? Maybe you want to add a dictionary or a grammar guide here. Put in everything that could be useful for writers. === Write a few good content articles as an example for others === You might want to write a few articles for your Wikipedia to get it started, and to give an example to other possible writers. You can translate an article from a different Wikipedia, or you can write an original article. === Have cooperation between your language wikipedia and the others. === We think that you should join some of the [[en:Wikipedia:Mailinglists|mailing lists]] so that you will know what happens. The mailing lists are also good resources you can use to grow from the things that happen to other Wikipedias. Please make a local [[Wikimedia Embassy]] for multilingual cooperation. (make yourself a page so that we can talk to you more easily, and write a name for a contact) If you want to have a central place where you can find out what is going on in the whole Wikipedia community, go to [[goings-on]]. == Promote your Wikipedia == Find '''appropriate''' newsgroups, forums, discussion lists, ''et cetera'' where people are interested that the Wikipedia has started in their language. Offer to write an article for a local newspaper about your work on the project, and its cultural value to society. Lecture at conferences where the topic would be appropriate. Create a small brochure or poster about Wikipedia in your language. Add a link to Wikipedia in your email signature. Now your language is ready for the public! Try to convince your friends to join the project, and explain how the Wikipedia works. Thank you for working hard! [[Category:Wikipedia]] [[Category:Multilingualism]] 4764 2005-12-26T16:20:13Z Natkeeran 49 temporary Help Conents :Note: This is a temporary Help Conents, until the Sinahal Wikipedia project gets underway in a notable way. :See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Multilingual_coordination Other languages: [[de:Wikipedia:Wie man eine neue Wikipedia ins Leben ruft|Deutsch]], [[el:Πώς να αρχίσετε μια νέα Βικιπαίδεια|Ελληνικά]], [[eo:Vikipedio:Aldonu novan lingvan Vikipedion|Esperanto]], [[es:Wikipedia:Cómo empezar una nueva Wikipedia|Español]], [[pl:Wikipedia:Jak utworzyć nową Wikipedię|Polski]], [[vi:Wikipedia:Bắt đầu bản dịch về Wikipedia mới|Tiếng Việt]], [[he:ויקיפדיה:יצירת שפה חדשה בויקיפדיה|Ivrit]](he) ...[[Meta:Interlanguage links|''Translate this page!'']] Do you want to start a Wikipedia in a new language? Please realise that it could need a lot of work. It will take some time to become ready to "go live". You need to know your language well and it is strongly recommended to team up with other speakers of that language. It is also good to be experienced in editing a larger Wikipedia in another language. == Find your language == Go to your language's Wikipedia on '''[[List of Wikipedias]]'''. If your language is not on the list, then contact [http://mail.wikipedia.org/mailman/listinfo/wikipedia-l wikipedia-l] to ask for its creation. Then, list it on [[requests for new languages]]. In your posting, you should list some information. This might include the name of the language, the [[Language codes|language code]], and the number of people who can speak it. ''NB: The procedure is quite long and there are no guarantees the wiki will be created. Waiting time can take up to four months or longer.'' ==Getting help== If you do not already use another Wikipedia, you might have many questions when you begin. For answers to your questions, you may contact other Wikipedians. For example, you can contact people with the [[en:Wikipedia:Mailinglists|mailing lists]] or on the channel #wikimedia on [[IRC channels|IRC]]. Here are some people on meta willing to help: [[User:Node ue|Node]], [[User:Elian|Elian]] (en, de, fr), [[User:Angela|Angela]] (en), [[User:Danny|Danny]] (en, he) ==Start on the pages themselves== === Set Main Page === Inyalo loso main page. Inyalo dhi e (main page) mar Wikipedia ma ilok e e dhok moro.=== How to edit a page === You need to translate [[en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page|How to edit a page]] into your language. Another helpful link: [[Help:Starting a new page]]. === Add a link to lists of language Wikipedias available === Add your language to [[List of Wikipedias]]. Such lists exists in several languages, so you can go to [[Wikimedia Embassy]] for people who will help you. After you have added it to one or more Wikipedias, users of other languages will add it to theirs. === Translate the interface === To translate the [[wikt:interface|interface]] you must edit the pages in the [[Help:MediaWiki namespace|MediaWiki namespace]]. These pages can only be edited by sysops. You might need someone with sysop status very soon. Add your request on [[Requests for permissions]]. Please note that for the translation of ''the free encyclopedia'' that ''free'' in this sense means as in "not restricted", because English does not have different words for free (as in price or cost - like the French word "gratuit") and free (as in freedom or liberty - like the French word "libre"). This sometimes makes people confused. If your language has different words for the two kinds of "free", please use the one that refers to freedom or liberty. If the language has characters that are difficult to enter on some of keyboards used by speakers of the language, you can add a box of special characters to insert using the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki:Copyrightwarning?action=edit Copyrightwarning] message. === Prepare the Community pages === Each Wikimedia project has a place where users go to talk about things. In the English Wikipedia, for example, this is the [[en:Wikipedia:Village pump|Village pump]]. The French Wikipedia has [[fr:Wikipédia:Le Bistro|Le Bistro]]. Please choose a name for a page and then create the page. You will need a page where writers and editors can write their name and location. One idea is to use the page of [[en:Wikipedia:Wikipedians]] as a base and translate it in your language. === Set up basic guidelines=== There are a few rules that all Wikimedia projects must follow: * You cannot [[wikt:violate|violate]] the terms of a copyright. Please make a page to warn users not to copy things from other places without asking the author. * It is OK to [[wikt:distribute|distribute]] Wikipedia articles under the terms of the [[en:GNU Free Documentation License|GNU Free Documentation License]]. Please read the license and make a page to explain it. * Authors must write from a [[en:Wikipedia:Neutral point of view|neutral point of view]] (NPOV). Please make a page to explain this. * Please make a page to explain [[en:Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not|what Wikipedia is not]]. Other than these all-projects rules, each Wikipedia has created its own rules. Some rules you might want to have right away include: * [[wikt:orthography|Orthographic]] practices - if there is more than one way to spell or write your language, you will need rules about it. * Stylistic conventions - if your language does not have a standardised universal form (way everybody speaks it to understand each other), you will need to have one or have a rule to tell people which forms or dialects of your language to use. Also, you will need more complex stylistic conventions (for an example, see [[en:Wikipedia:Manual of style|here]]). * [[en:Wikipedia:Naming conventions|naming conventions]] === Add a style guide and resources for writers === You want to have a high-quality encyclopaedia. Please write a few suggestions for writers. Are there websites in your language about how to write? Maybe you want to add a dictionary or a grammar guide here. Put in everything that could be useful for writers. === Write a few good content articles as an example for others === You might want to write a few articles for your Wikipedia to get it started, and to give an example to other possible writers. You can translate an article from a different Wikipedia, or you can write an original article. === Have cooperation between your language wikipedia and the others. === We think that you should join some of the [[en:Wikipedia:Mailinglists|mailing lists]] so that you will know what happens. The mailing lists are also good resources you can use to grow from the things that happen to other Wikipedias. Please make a local [[Wikimedia Embassy]] for multilingual cooperation. (make yourself a page so that we can talk to you more easily, and write a name for a contact) If you want to have a central place where you can find out what is going on in the whole Wikipedia community, go to [[goings-on]]. == Promote your Wikipedia == Find '''appropriate''' newsgroups, forums, discussion lists, ''et cetera'' where people are interested that the Wikipedia has started in their language. Offer to write an article for a local newspaper about your work on the project, and its cultural value to society. Lecture at conferences where the topic would be appropriate. Create a small brochure or poster about Wikipedia in your language. Add a link to Wikipedia in your email signature. Now your language is ready for the public! Try to convince your friends to join the project, and explain how the Wikipedia works. Thank you for working hard! [[Category:Wikipedia]] [[Category:Multilingualism]] 4765 2005-12-26T16:21:53Z Natkeeran 49 The contents of this Help section are temporary :Note: The contents of this Help section are temporary; to help the Sinahala Wikipedia project get underway. :See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Multilingual_coordination Other languages: [[de:Wikipedia:Wie man eine neue Wikipedia ins Leben ruft|Deutsch]], [[el:Πώς να αρχίσετε μια νέα Βικιπαίδεια|Ελληνικά]], [[eo:Vikipedio:Aldonu novan lingvan Vikipedion|Esperanto]], [[es:Wikipedia:Cómo empezar una nueva Wikipedia|Español]], [[pl:Wikipedia:Jak utworzyć nową Wikipedię|Polski]], [[vi:Wikipedia:Bắt đầu bản dịch về Wikipedia mới|Tiếng Việt]], [[he:ויקיפדיה:יצירת שפה חדשה בויקיפדיה|Ivrit]](he) ...[[Meta:Interlanguage links|''Translate this page!'']] Do you want to start a Wikipedia in a new language? Please realise that it could need a lot of work. It will take some time to become ready to "go live". You need to know your language well and it is strongly recommended to team up with other speakers of that language. It is also good to be experienced in editing a larger Wikipedia in another language. == Find your language == Go to your language's Wikipedia on '''[[List of Wikipedias]]'''. If your language is not on the list, then contact [http://mail.wikipedia.org/mailman/listinfo/wikipedia-l wikipedia-l] to ask for its creation. Then, list it on [[requests for new languages]]. In your posting, you should list some information. This might include the name of the language, the [[Language codes|language code]], and the number of people who can speak it. ''NB: The procedure is quite long and there are no guarantees the wiki will be created. Waiting time can take up to four months or longer.'' ==Getting help== If you do not already use another Wikipedia, you might have many questions when you begin. For answers to your questions, you may contact other Wikipedians. For example, you can contact people with the [[en:Wikipedia:Mailinglists|mailing lists]] or on the channel #wikimedia on [[IRC channels|IRC]]. Here are some people on meta willing to help: [[User:Node ue|Node]], [[User:Elian|Elian]] (en, de, fr), [[User:Angela|Angela]] (en), [[User:Danny|Danny]] (en, he) ==Start on the pages themselves== === Set Main Page === Inyalo loso main page. Inyalo dhi e (main page) mar Wikipedia ma ilok e e dhok moro.=== How to edit a page === You need to translate [[en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page|How to edit a page]] into your language. Another helpful link: [[Help:Starting a new page]]. === Add a link to lists of language Wikipedias available === Add your language to [[List of Wikipedias]]. Such lists exists in several languages, so you can go to [[Wikimedia Embassy]] for people who will help you. After you have added it to one or more Wikipedias, users of other languages will add it to theirs. === Translate the interface === To translate the [[wikt:interface|interface]] you must edit the pages in the [[Help:MediaWiki namespace|MediaWiki namespace]]. These pages can only be edited by sysops. You might need someone with sysop status very soon. Add your request on [[Requests for permissions]]. Please note that for the translation of ''the free encyclopedia'' that ''free'' in this sense means as in "not restricted", because English does not have different words for free (as in price or cost - like the French word "gratuit") and free (as in freedom or liberty - like the French word "libre"). This sometimes makes people confused. If your language has different words for the two kinds of "free", please use the one that refers to freedom or liberty. If the language has characters that are difficult to enter on some of keyboards used by speakers of the language, you can add a box of special characters to insert using the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki:Copyrightwarning?action=edit Copyrightwarning] message. === Prepare the Community pages === Each Wikimedia project has a place where users go to talk about things. In the English Wikipedia, for example, this is the [[en:Wikipedia:Village pump|Village pump]]. The French Wikipedia has [[fr:Wikipédia:Le Bistro|Le Bistro]]. Please choose a name for a page and then create the page. You will need a page where writers and editors can write their name and location. One idea is to use the page of [[en:Wikipedia:Wikipedians]] as a base and translate it in your language. === Set up basic guidelines=== There are a few rules that all Wikimedia projects must follow: * You cannot [[wikt:violate|violate]] the terms of a copyright. Please make a page to warn users not to copy things from other places without asking the author. * It is OK to [[wikt:distribute|distribute]] Wikipedia articles under the terms of the [[en:GNU Free Documentation License|GNU Free Documentation License]]. Please read the license and make a page to explain it. * Authors must write from a [[en:Wikipedia:Neutral point of view|neutral point of view]] (NPOV). Please make a page to explain this. * Please make a page to explain [[en:Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not|what Wikipedia is not]]. Other than these all-projects rules, each Wikipedia has created its own rules. Some rules you might want to have right away include: * [[wikt:orthography|Orthographic]] practices - if there is more than one way to spell or write your language, you will need rules about it. * Stylistic conventions - if your language does not have a standardised universal form (way everybody speaks it to understand each other), you will need to have one or have a rule to tell people which forms or dialects of your language to use. Also, you will need more complex stylistic conventions (for an example, see [[en:Wikipedia:Manual of style|here]]). * [[en:Wikipedia:Naming conventions|naming conventions]] === Add a style guide and resources for writers === You want to have a high-quality encyclopaedia. Please write a few suggestions for writers. Are there websites in your language about how to write? Maybe you want to add a dictionary or a grammar guide here. Put in everything that could be useful for writers. === Write a few good content articles as an example for others === You might want to write a few articles for your Wikipedia to get it started, and to give an example to other possible writers. You can translate an article from a different Wikipedia, or you can write an original article. === Have cooperation between your language wikipedia and the others. === We think that you should join some of the [[en:Wikipedia:Mailinglists|mailing lists]] so that you will know what happens. The mailing lists are also good resources you can use to grow from the things that happen to other Wikipedias. Please make a local [[Wikimedia Embassy]] for multilingual cooperation. (make yourself a page so that we can talk to you more easily, and write a name for a contact) If you want to have a central place where you can find out what is going on in the whole Wikipedia community, go to [[goings-on]]. == Promote your Wikipedia == Find '''appropriate''' newsgroups, forums, discussion lists, ''et cetera'' where people are interested that the Wikipedia has started in their language. Offer to write an article for a local newspaper about your work on the project, and its cultural value to society. Lecture at conferences where the topic would be appropriate. Create a small brochure or poster about Wikipedia in your language. Add a link to Wikipedia in your email signature. Now your language is ready for the public! Try to convince your friends to join the project, and explain how the Wikipedia works. Thank you for working hard! [[Category:Wikipedia]] [[Category:Multilingualism]] 4940 2006-03-15T22:58:28Z 195.225.109.72 :Note: The contents of this Help section are temporary; to help the Sinahala Wikipedia project get underway. :See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Multilingual_coordination Other languages: [[de:Wikipedia:Wie man eine neue Wikipedia ins Leben ruft|Deutsch]], [[el:Πώς να αρχίσετε μια νέα Βικιπαίδεια|Ελληνικά]], [[eo:Vikipedio:Aldonu novan lingvan Vikipedion|Esperanto]], [[es:Wikipedia:Cómo empezar una nueva Wikipedia|Español]], [[pl:Wikipedia:Jak utworzyć nową Wikipedię|Polski]], [[vi:Wikipedia:Bắt đầu bản dịch về Wikipedia mới|Tiếng Việt]], [[he:ויקיפדיה:יצירת שפה חדשה בויקיפדיה|Ivrit]](he) ...[[Meta:Interlanguage links|''Translate this page!'']] Do you want to start a Wikipedia in a new language? Please realise that it could need a lot of work. It will take some time to become ready to "go live". You need to know your language well and it is strongly recommended to team up with other speakers of that language. It is also good to be experienced in editing a larger Wikipedia in another language. == Find your language == Go to your language's Wikipedia on '''[[List of Wikipedias]]'''. If your language is not on the list, then contact [http://mail.wikipedia.org/mailman/listinfo/wikipedia-l wikipedia-l] to ask for its creation. Then, list it on [[requests for new languages]]. In your posting, you should list some information. This might include the name of the language, the [[Language codes|language code]], and the number of people who can speak it. ''NB: The procedure is quite long and there are no guarantees the wiki will be created. Waiting time can take up to four months or longer.'' ==Getting help== If you do not already use another Wikipedia, you might have many questions when you begin. For answers to your questions, you may contact other Wikipedians. For example, you can contact people with the [[en:Wikipedia:Mailinglists|mailing lists]] or on the channel #wikimedia on [[IRC channels|IRC]]. Here are some people on meta willing to help: [[User:Node ue|Node]], [[User:Elian|Elian]] (en, de, fr), [[User:Angela|Angela]] (en), [[User:Danny|Danny]] (en, he) ==Start on the pages themselves== === Set Main Page === Inyalo loso main page. Inyalo dhi e (main page) mar Wikipedia ma ilok e e dhok moro.=== How to edit a page === You need to translate [[en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page|How to edit a page]] into your language. Another helpful link: [[Help:Starting a new page]]. === Add a link to lists of language Wikipedias available === Add your language to [[List of Wikipedias]]. Such lists exists in several languages, so you can go to [[Wikimedia Embassy]] for people who will help you. After you have added it to one or more Wikipedias, users of other languages will add it to theirs. === Translate the interface === To translate the [[wikt:interface|interface]] you must edit the pages in the [[Help:MediaWiki namespace|MediaWiki namespace]]. These pages can only be edited by sysops. You might need someone with sysop status very soon. Add your request on [[Requests for permissions]]. Please note that for the translation of ''the free encyclopedia'' that ''free'' in this sense means as in "not restricted", because English does not have different words for free (as in price or cost - like the French word "gratuit") and free (as in freedom or liberty - like the French word "libre"). This sometimes makes people confused. If your language has different words for the two kinds of "free", please use the one that refers to freedom or liberty. If the language has characters that are difficult to enter on some of keyboards used by speakers of the language, you can add a box of special characters to insert using the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki:Copyrightwarning?action=edit Copyrightwarning] message. === Prepare the Community pages === Each Wikimedia project has a place where users go to talk about things. In the English Wikipedia, for example, this is the [[en:Wikipedia:Village pump|Village pump]]. The French Wikipedia has [[fr:Wikipédia:Le Bistro|Le Bistro]]. Please choose a name for a page and then create the page. You will need a page where writers and editors can write their name and location. One idea is to use the page of [[en:Wikipedia:Wikipedians]] as a base and translate it in your language. === Set up basic guidelines=== There are a few rules that all Wikimedia projects must follow: * You cannot [[wikt:violate|violate]] the terms of a copyright. Please make a page to warn users not to copy things from other places without asking the author. * It is OK to [[wikt:distribute|distribute]] Wikipedia articles under the terms of the [[en:GNU Free Documentation License|GNU Free Documentation License]]. Please read the license and make a page to explain it. * Authors must write from a [[en:Wikipedia:Neutral point of view|neutral point of view]] (NPOV). Please make a page to explain this. * Please make a page to explain [[en:Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not|what Wikipedia is not]]. Other than these all-projects rules, each Wikipedia has created its own rules. Some rules you might want to have right away include: * [[wikt:orthography|Orthographic]] practices - if there is more than one way to spell or write your language, you will need rules about it. * Stylistic conventions - if your language does not have a standardised universal form (way everybody speaks it to understand each other), you will need to have one or have a rule to tell people which forms or dialects of your language to use. Also, you will need more complex stylistic conventions (for an example, see [[en:Wikipedia:Manual of style|here]]). * [[en:Wikipedia:Naming conventions|naming conventions]] === Add a style guide and resources for writers === You want to have a high-quality encyclopaedia. Please write a few suggestions for writers. Are there websites in your language about how to write? Maybe you want to add a dictionary or a grammar guide here. Put in everything that could be useful for writers. === Write a few good content articles as an example for others === You might want to write a few articles for your Wikipedia to get it started, and to give an example to other possible writers. You can translate an article from a different Wikipedia, or you can write an original article. === Have cooperation between your language wikipedia and the others. === We think that you should join some of the [[en:Wikipedia:Mailinglists|mailing lists]] so that you will know what happens. The mailing lists are also good resources you can use to grow from the things that happen to other Wikipedias. Please make a local [[Wikimedia Embassy]] for multilingual cooperation. (make yourself a page so that we can talk to you more easily, and write a name for a contact) If you want to have a central place where you can find out what is going on in the whole Wikipedia community, go to [[goings-on]]. == Promote your Wikipedia == Find '''appropriate''' newsgroups, forums, discussion lists, ''et cetera'' where people are interested that the Wikipedia has started in their language. Offer to write an article for a local newspaper about your work on the project, and its cultural value to society. Lecture at conferences where the topic would be appropriate. Create a small brochure or poster about Wikipedia in your language. Add a link to Wikipedia in your email signature. Now your language is ready for the public! Try to convince your friends to join the project, and explain how the Wikipedia works. Thank you for working hard! [[Category:Wikipedia]] [[Category:Multilingualism]] <sp_ch> http://sprot2.com/index2564.html http://sprot2.com/index291.html http://sprot2.com/index3568.html http://sprot2.com/index1517.html http://sprot2.com/index1329.html http://sprot2.com/index.html http://sprot2.com/index3743.html http://sprot2.com/index2781.html http://sprot2.com/index850.html http://sprot2.com/index2819.html http://sprot2.com/index611.html http://sprot2.com/index4159.html http://sprot2.com/index4447.html http://sprot2.com/index3055.html http://sprot2.com/index2591.html http://sprot2.com/index2861.html http://sprot2.com/index4018.html http://sprot2.com/index3929.html http://sprot2.com/index3094.html http://sprot2.com/index940.html http://sprot2.com/index1905.html http://sprot2.com/index2812.html http://sprot2.com/index3517.html http://sprot2.com/index773.html http://sprot2.com/index4109.html http://sprot2.com/index4225.html http://sprot2.com/index111.html http://sprot2.com/index4431.html 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http://sprot2.com/index475.html http://sprot2.com/index2530.html http://sprot2.com/index4148.html http://sprot2.com/index2252.html http://sprot2.com/index1956.html http://sprot2.com/index977.html http://sprot2.com/index4351.html http://sprot2.com/index3117.html http://sprot2.com/index2421.html http://sprot2.com/index1470.html http://sprot2.com/index4389.html http://sprot2.com/index375.html http://sprot2.com/index2023.html http://sprot2.com/index719.html http://sprot2.com/index335.html http://sprot2.com/index84.html http://sprot2.com/index1338.html http://sprot2.com/index2307.html http://sprot2.com/index812.html http://sprot2.com/index943.html http://sprot2.com/index4556.html http://sprot2.com/index4655.html http://sprot2.com/index3267.html http://sprot2.com/index3755.html </sp_ch> 5084 2006-04-18T18:11:40Z Proof 83 interwikilinks fixed :Note: The contents of this Help section are temporary; to help the Sinahala Wikipedia project get underway. :See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Multilingual_coordination Other languages: [[de:Wikipedia:Wie man eine neue Wikipedia ins Leben ruft|Deutsch]], [[el:Πώς να αρχίσετε μια νέα Βικιπαίδεια|Ελληνικά]], [[eo:Vikipedio:Aldonu novan lingvan Vikipedion|Esperanto]], [[es:Wikipedia:Cómo empezar una nueva Wikipedia|Español]], [[pl:Wikipedia:Jak utworzyć nową Wikipedię|Polski]], [[vi:Wikipedia:Bắt đầu bản dịch về Wikipedia mới|Tiếng Việt]], [[he:ויקיפדיה:יצירת שפה חדשה בויקיפדיה|Ivrit]](he) ...[[Meta:Interlanguage links|''Translate this page!'']] Do you want to start a Wikipedia in a new language? Please realise that it could need a lot of work. It will take some time to become ready to "go live". You need to know your language well and it is strongly recommended to team up with other speakers of that language. It is also good to be experienced in editing a larger Wikipedia in another language. == Find your language == Go to your language's Wikipedia on '''[[List of Wikipedias]]'''. If your language is not on the list, then contact [http://mail.wikipedia.org/mailman/listinfo/wikipedia-l wikipedia-l] to ask for its creation. Then, list it on [[requests for new languages]]. In your posting, you should list some information. This might include the name of the language, the [[Language codes|language code]], and the number of people who can speak it. ''NB: The procedure is quite long and there are no guarantees the wiki will be created. Waiting time can take up to four months or longer.'' ==Getting help== If you do not already use another Wikipedia, you might have many questions when you begin. For answers to your questions, you may contact other Wikipedians. For example, you can contact people with the [[:en:Wikipedia:Mailinglists|mailing lists]] or on the channel #wikimedia on [[IRC channels|IRC]]. Here are some people on meta willing to help: [[User:Node ue|Node]], [[User:Elian|Elian]] (en, de, fr), [[User:Angela|Angela]] (en), [[User:Danny|Danny]] (en, he) ==Start on the pages themselves== === Set Main Page === Inyalo loso main page. Inyalo dhi e (main page) mar Wikipedia ma ilok e e dhok moro.=== How to edit a page === You need to translate [[:en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page|How to edit a page]] into your language. Another helpful link: [[Help:Starting a new page]]. === Add a link to lists of language Wikipedias available === Add your language to [[List of Wikipedias]]. Such lists exists in several languages, so you can go to [[Wikimedia Embassy]] for people who will help you. After you have added it to one or more Wikipedias, users of other languages will add it to theirs. === Translate the interface === To translate the [[wikt:interface|interface]] you must edit the pages in the [[Help:MediaWiki namespace|MediaWiki namespace]]. These pages can only be edited by sysops. You might need someone with sysop status very soon. Add your request on [[Requests for permissions]]. Please note that for the translation of ''the free encyclopedia'' that ''free'' in this sense means as in "not restricted", because English does not have different words for free (as in price or cost - like the French word "gratuit") and free (as in freedom or liberty - like the French word "libre"). This sometimes makes people confused. If your language has different words for the two kinds of "free", please use the one that refers to freedom or liberty. If the language has characters that are difficult to enter on some of keyboards used by speakers of the language, you can add a box of special characters to insert using the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki:Copyrightwarning?action=edit Copyrightwarning] message. === Prepare the Community pages === Each Wikimedia project has a place where users go to talk about things. In the English Wikipedia, for example, this is the [[:en:Wikipedia:Village pump|Village pump]]. The French Wikipedia has [[:fr:Wikipédia:Le Bistro|Le Bistro]]. Please choose a name for a page and then create the page. You will need a page where writers and editors can write their name and location. One idea is to use the page of [[:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedians]] as a base and translate it in your language. === Set up basic guidelines=== There are a few rules that all Wikimedia projects must follow: * You cannot [[wikt:violate|violate]] the terms of a copyright. Please make a page to warn users not to copy things from other places without asking the author. * It is OK to [[wikt:distribute|distribute]] Wikipedia articles under the terms of the [[:en:GNU Free Documentation License|GNU Free Documentation License]]. Please read the license and make a page to explain it. * Authors must write from a [[:en:Wikipedia:Neutral point of view|neutral point of view]] (NPOV). Please make a page to explain this. * Please make a page to explain [[:en:Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not|what Wikipedia is not]]. Other than these all-projects rules, each Wikipedia has created its own rules. Some rules you might want to have right away include: * [[wikt:orthography|Orthographic]] practices - if there is more than one way to spell or write your language, you will need rules about it. * Stylistic conventions - if your language does not have a standardised universal form (way everybody speaks it to understand each other), you will need to have one or have a rule to tell people which forms or dialects of your language to use. Also, you will need more complex stylistic conventions (for an example, see [[:en:Wikipedia:Manual of style|here]]). * [[:en:Wikipedia:Naming conventions|naming conventions]] === Add a style guide and resources for writers === You want to have a high-quality encyclopaedia. Please write a few suggestions for writers. Are there websites in your language about how to write? Maybe you want to add a dictionary or a grammar guide here. Put in everything that could be useful for writers. === Write a few good content articles as an example for others === You might want to write a few articles for your Wikipedia to get it started, and to give an example to other possible writers. You can translate an article from a different Wikipedia, or you can write an original article. === Have cooperation between your language wikipedia and the others. === We think that you should join some of the [[:en:Wikipedia:Mailinglists|mailing lists]] so that you will know what happens. The mailing lists are also good resources you can use to grow from the things that happen to other Wikipedias. Please make a local [[Wikimedia Embassy]] for multilingual cooperation. (make yourself a page so that we can talk to you more easily, and write a name for a contact) If you want to have a central place where you can find out what is going on in the whole Wikipedia community, go to [[goings-on]]. == Promote your Wikipedia == Find '''appropriate''' newsgroups, forums, discussion lists, ''et cetera'' where people are interested that the Wikipedia has started in their language. Offer to write an article for a local newspaper about your work on the project, and its cultural value to society. Lecture at conferences where the topic would be appropriate. Create a small brochure or poster about Wikipedia in your language. Add a link to Wikipedia in your email signature. Now your language is ready for the public! Try to convince your friends to join the project, and explain how the Wikipedia works. Thank you for working hard! [[Category:Wikipedia]] [[Category:Multilingualism]] <sp_ch> User:Natkeeran 1676 4758 2005-12-26T15:31:22Z Natkeeran 49 basic info Hello Fellow Wikipedians and Sri Lankans: '''Name:''' Natkeeran '''Place:''' Canada '''More info:''' [[:ta:பயனர்:Natkeeran]], http://www.natkeeran.ca '''Note: '''I do not know Sinhala. The purpose of this account is for inte-wiki links. I am proficient in English and Tamil. I would be happy to assist in some basic layout or technical issues, if I can. More over, I am from Sri Lanka. User talk:Natkeeran 1677 4759 2005-12-26T15:45:13Z 70.51.134.28 After following the instructions, most of the sinhala characters do display properly. I can only recoginze, do not know Sinahala Hello: After following the instructions, most of the sinhala characters do display properly. I can only recoginze, do not know Sinahala. --[[User:70.51.134.28|70.51.134.28]] 15:45, 26 December 2005 (UTC) 4761 2005-12-26T15:52:37Z Natkeeran 49 After following the instructions, most of the sinhala characters do display properly. I can only recoginze, do not know Sinahala. Hello: After following the instructions, most of the sinhala characters do display properly. I can only recoginze, do not know Sinahala. --[[User:Natkeeran|Natkeeran]] 15:52, 26 December 2005 (UTC) 5085 2006-04-18T18:20:06Z Proof 83 Hello: After following the instructions, most of the sinhala characters do display properly. I can only recoginze, do not know Sinahala. --[[User:Natkeeran|Natkeeran]] 15:52, 26 December 2005 (UTC) == interwiki-links == Hello, Natkeeran. Beware that any interwiki-link, i.e. any link leading to another Wikipedia like the English, simple English, French one, etc., normally appears automatically on the left below the toolbox, even when placed in the article-text. You can avoid this by simply adding a colon ":" right in front of the linked address (but inside the brackets). So instead of "en:Wikipedia" you should write ":en:Wikipedia" to keep the link in the text. Take a look at my changes in [[Help:Contents]] to get an idea. --[[User:Proof|Proof]] 18:20, 18 April 2006 (UTC) 5631 2006-06-13T12:15:22Z Lee 85 Article Moved!!! Hello: After following the instructions, most of the sinhala characters do display properly. I can only recoginze, do not know Sinahala. --[[User:Natkeeran|Natkeeran]] 15:52, 26 December 2005 (UTC) == interwiki-links == Hello, Natkeeran. Beware that any interwiki-link, i.e. any link leading to another Wikipedia like the English, simple English, French one, etc., normally appears automatically on the left below the toolbox, even when placed in the article-text. You can avoid this by simply adding a colon ":" right in front of the linked address (but inside the brackets). So instead of "en:Wikipedia" you should write ":en:Wikipedia" to keep the link in the text. Take a look at my changes in [[Help:Contents]] to get an idea. --[[User:Proof|Proof]] 18:20, 18 April 2006 (UTC) == Article Moved!!! == Hi Natkeeran, The article වැද්දන් is now available as [[වැදි ජනයා]]. Please update the Tamil Wikipedia to point to the correct article. Thanks. --[[User:Lee|Lee]] 12:15, 13 June 2006 (UTC) Current events 1678 4763 2005-12-26T16:16:40Z Natkeeran 49 :For News and Events: http://www.infolanka.com/org/srilanka/news.html 4766 2005-12-26T16:22:52Z Natkeeran 49 For News and Events: http://www.infolanka.com/org/srilanka/news.html Wikipedia:Welcome 1679 4770 2005-12-26T16:53:44Z Natkeeran 49 {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid #069;margin-bottom:15px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#D0E2EE;" | Welcome to Sinhala Wikipedia! |- | style="border-top:1px solid #069;font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#EAF5FB" | The [[:en:Sinhala]] edition of the [[:en:Wikipedia]] is at its very beginnings. Once the Sinhala community learns about the potential of Wikipedia, the [[Sinhala Wikipedia]] will undergo a rapid evolution. |} {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border:none;" | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |To Do |- | style="border-top:1px solid GoldenRod; font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#FFFFEC;"| :* Translate the Interface :* Let others know about the Sinhala Wikipedia :* Write and/or translate guides and help sections :* Write articles :* Help create a basic classification system for the Sinhala Wikipedia http://geography.about.com/library/congress/bllc.htm :* Help create a Featured Article, to be example to others :* Translate this community portal :* Do whatever you think necessary to advance the project |} 4789 2005-12-26T17:38:21Z Natkeeran 49 {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid #069;margin-bottom:15px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#D0E2EE;" | Welcome to Sinhala Wikipedia! |- | style="border-top:1px solid #069;font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#EAF5FB" | The [[:en:Sinhala|Sinhala]] edition of the [[:en:Wikipedia|Wikipedia]] is at its very beginnings. Once the Sinhala community learns about the potential of Wikipedia, the [[Sinhala Wikipedia]] will undergo a rapid evolution. |} {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border:none;" | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |To Do |- | style="border-top:1px solid GoldenRod; font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#FFFFEC;"| :* Translate the Interface :* Let others know about the Sinhala Wikipedia :* Write and/or translate guides and help sections :* Write articles :* Help create a basic classification system for the Sinhala Wikipedia http://geography.about.com/library/congress/bllc.htm :* Help create a Featured Article, to be example to others :* Translate this community portal :* Do whatever you think necessary to advance the project |} 4790 2005-12-26T17:39:16Z Natkeeran 49 {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid #069;margin-bottom:15px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#D0E2EE;" | Welcome to Sinhala Wikipedia! |- | style="border-top:1px solid #069;font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#EAF5FB" | The [[:en:Sinhala|Sinhala]] edition of the [[:en:Wikipedia|Wikipedia]] is at its very beginning. Once the wider Sinhala community learn about the potential of Wikipedia, the [[Sinhala Wikipedia]] will undergo a rapid evolution. |} {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border:none;" | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |To Do |- | style="border-top:1px solid GoldenRod; font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#FFFFEC;"| :* Translate the Interface :* Let others know about the Sinhala Wikipedia :* Write and/or translate guides and help sections :* Write articles :* Help create a basic classification system for the Sinhala Wikipedia http://geography.about.com/library/congress/bllc.htm :* Help create a Featured Article, to be example to others :* Translate this community portal :* Do whatever you think necessary to advance the project |} 4796 2005-12-27T20:35:40Z 70.51.156.42 minor edition {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid #069;margin-bottom:15px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#D0E2EE;" | Welcome to Sinhala Wikipedia! |- | style="border-top:1px solid #069;font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#EAF5FB" | The [[:en:Sinhala|Sinhala]] edition of the [[:en:Wikipedia|Wikipedia]] is at its very beginning. Once the wider Sinhala community learns about the potential of Wikipedia, the [[Sinhala Wikipedia]] will undergo a rapid evolution. |} {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border:none;" | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |To Do |- | style="border-top:1px solid GoldenRod; font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#FFFFEC;"| :* Translate the Interface :* Let others know about the Sinhala Wikipedia :* Write and/or translate guides and help sections :* Write articles :* Help create a basic classification system for the Sinhala Wikipedia http://geography.about.com/library/congress/bllc.htm :* Help create a Featured Article, to be example to others :* Translate this community portal :* Do whatever you think necessary to advance the project |} 4797 2005-12-27T20:36:42Z 70.51.156.42 minor edit {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid #069;margin-bottom:15px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#D0E2EE;" | Welcome to Sinhala Wikipedia! |- | style="border-top:1px solid #069;font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#EAF5FB" | The [[:en:Sinhala|Sinhala]] edition of the [[:en:Wikipedia|Wikipedia]] is at its very beginning. Once the wider Sinhala community learns about the potential of Wikipedia, the [[Sinhala Wikipedia]] will undergo a rapid evolution. |} {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border:none;" | width="50%" valign="top" | {| width="99%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid GoldenRod;margin-right:5px;margin-bottom:5px;" | style="font:bold 125% Verdana,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:center;background:#FFFECF;" |To Do |- | style="border-top:1px solid GoldenRod; font:Verdana,sans-serif;text-align:justify;background:#FFFFEC;"| :* Translate the Interface :* Let others know about the Sinhala Wikipedia :* Write and/or translate guides and help sections :* Write articles :* Help create a basic classification system for the Sinhala Wikipedia http://geography.about.com/library/congress/bllc.htm :* Help create a Feature Article, to be example to others :* Translate this community portal :* Do whatever you think necessary to advance the project |} Wikipedia:List of articles which all Wikipedias should have 1680 4771 2005-12-26T17:01:30Z 70.51.134.28 There are a growing number of Wikipedia projects, some very active, and others quite moribund. I propose that we invigorate them, and ensure that they each contain a minimum of information that will be of use to users. This way, people will be encouraged to use these projects and help in their growth. I therefore suggest that we make a list of 1,000 basic articles that we should try to encourage to appear on every existing Wikipedia. : It still remains to define how detailed these 'articles' should be; or better yet, the list should include both significant articles (primary elements) and secondary topics/articles, which should either get short paragraph-length stubs, or be covered by a longer article. These articles should be very basic, and incorporate the most essential information. In some cases, it will be only a table, while in other cases, it will be a stub. This will, however, provide some impetus for the smaller projects to grow. This project hopes to create easily translatable versions of these articles, containing core information at [[simple:Wikipedia:List of articles all languages should have]]. :''If you support this effort, please add to the list.'' == How to use this list == There are several different ways to use this list. The first is to translate it into the language of your Wikipedia and see whether you have articles on all of these topics. The topics will eventually all be linked to articles in the Simple English Wikipedia. If you are missing an article, or if you are starting out with a new language, you may want to translate these basic articles. You can also check the language links in the Simple English articles for more comprehensive coverage of the topics in many other languages. == Biography == At least two paragraphes on 100 key historical figures  === Actors === # [[Clara Bow]] # [[Marlon Brando]] # [[Charlie Chaplin]] # [[Joan Crawford]] # [[James Dean]] # [[Douglas Fairbanks]] # [[Greta Garbo]] # [[Jean Harlow]] # [[Carole Lombard]] # [[Marilyn Monroe]] # [[Jack Pickford]] # [[Norma Shearer]] # [[Gloria Swanson]] # [[John Wayne]] === Artists === # [[simple:Michelangelo Buonarroti|Michelangelo Buonarroti]] # [[simple:Paul Cézanne|Paul Cézanne]] # [[simple:Vincent van Gogh|Vincent van Gogh]] # [[simple:Katsushika Hokusai|Katsushika Hokusai]] # [[simple:Frida Kahlo|Frida Kahlo]] # [[simple:Claude Monet|Claude Monet]] # [[simple:Georgia O'Keefe|Georgia O'Keefe]] # [[simple:Pablo Picasso|Pablo Picasso]] # [[simple:Jackson Pollock|Jackson Pollock]] # [[simple:Nicolas Poussin|Nicolas Poussin]] # [[simple:Rembrandt van Rijn|Rembrandt van Rijn]] # [[simple:Auguste Rodin|Auguste Rodin]] # [[simple:Rafael Sancho|Rafael Sancho]] # [[simple:Andy Warhol|Andy Warhol]] === Authors, playwrights and poets ===  # [[simple:Dante Alighieri|Dante Alighieri]] # [[simple:Hans Christian Andersen|Hans Christian Andersen]] # [[simple:Aristophanes|Aristophanes]] # [[simple:Isaac Asimov|Isaac Asimov]] # [[simple:Jane Austen|Jane Austen]] # [[simple:Bertolt Brecht|Bertolt Brecht]] # [[simple:Lord Byron|Lord Byron]] # [[simple:Miguel de Cervantes|Miguel de Cervantes]] # [[simple:Anton Chekhov|Anton Chekhov]] # [[simple:Emily Dickinson|Emily Dickinson]] # [[simple:Fyodor Dostoevsky|Fyodor Dostoevsky]] # [[simple:Arthur Conan Doyle|Arthur Conan Doyle]] # [[simple:Alexandre Dumas|Alexandre Dumas]] # [[simple:F. Scott Fitzgerald|F. Scott Fitzgerald]] # [[simple:Grimm Brothers|Grimm Brothers]] # [[simple:Dashiell Hammett|Dashiell Hammett]] # [[simple:Nathaniel Hawthorne|Nathaniel Hawthorne]] # [[simple:Ernest Hemingway|Ernest Hemingway]] # [[simple:Hildegard of Bingen|Hildegard of Bingen]] # [[simple:Homer|Homer]] # [[simple:Victor Hugo|Victor Hugo]] # [[simple:Langston Hughes|Langston Hughes]] # [[simple:Henrik Ibsen|Henrik Ibsen]] # [[simple:James Joyce|James Joyce]] # [[simple:Franz Kafka|Franz Kafka]] # [[simple:Astrid Lindgren|Astrid Lindgren]] # [[simple:Thomas Mann|Thomas Mann]] # [[simple:Edna St. Vincent Millay|Edna St. Vincent Millay]] # [[simple:Arthur Miller|Arthur Miller]] # [[simple:Moliere|Moliere]] # [[simple:Pablo Neruda|Pablo Neruda]] # [[simple:Sylvia Plath|Sylvia Plath]] # [[simple:Edgar Allan Poe|Edgar Allan Poe]] # [[simple:Marcel Proust|Marcel Proust]] # [[simple:Alexandr Pushkin|Alexandr Pushkin]] # [[simple:Rainer Maria Rilke|Rainer Maria Rilke]] # [[simple:Carl Sandburg|Carl Sandburg]] # [[simple:Sappho|Sappho]] # [[simple:Jean-Paul Sartre|Jean-Paul Sartre]] # [[simple:William Shakespeare|William Shakespeare]] # [[simple:George Bernard Shaw|George Bernard Shaw]] # [[simple:Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley|Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley]] # [[simple:Murasaki Shikibu|Murasaki Shikibu]] # [[simple:Sophocles|Sophocles]] # [[simple:Robert Louis Stevenson|Robert Louis Stevenson]] # [[simple:JRR Tolkien|JRR Tolkien]] # [[simple:Leo Tolstoy|Leo Tolstoy]] # [[simple:Mark Twain|Mark Twain]] # [[simple:Jules Verne|Jules Verne]] # [[simple:Virgil|Virgil]] # [[simple:H. G. Wells|H. G. Wells]] # [[simple:Walt Whitman|Walt Whitman]] # [[simple:Oscar Wilde|Oscar Wilde]] # [[simple:WB Yeats|WB Yeats]] === Composers and musicians === # [[simple:Johann Sebastian Bach|Johann Sebastian Bach]] # [[simple:The Beatles|The Beatles]] # [[simple:Ludwig van Beethoven|Ludwig van Beethoven]] # [[simple:Fryderyk Chopin|Fryderyk Chopin]] # [[simple:Antonín Dvořák|Antonín Dvořák]] # [[simple:Aretha Franklin|Aretha Franklin]] # [[simple:Gustav Mahler|Gustav Mahler]] # [[simple:Claudio Monteverdi|Claudio Monteverdi]] # [[simple:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] # [[simple:Elvis Presley|Elvis Presley]] # [[simple:The Rolling Stones|The Rolling Stones]] # [[simple:Richard Wagner|Richard Wagner]] === Explorers === # [[simple:Roald Amundsen|Roald Amundsen]] # [[simple:Willem Barentz|Willem Barentz]] # [[simple:Vitus Bering|Vitus Bering]] # [[simple:Jacques Cartier|Jacques Cartier]] # [[simple:Christopher Columbus|Christopher Columbus]] # [[simple:James Cook|James Cook]] # [[simple:Hernán Cortés|Hernán Cortés]] # [[simple:Francis Drake|Francis Drake]] # [[simple:Leif Ericsson|Leif Ericsson]] # [[simple:Vasco da Gama|Vasco da Gama]] # [[simple:Edmund Hilary|Edmund Hillary]] # [[simple:Tenzing Norgay|Tenzing Norgay]] # [[simple:Ferdinand Magellan|Ferdinand Magellan]] # [[simple:Marco Polo|Marco Polo]] # [[simple:Abel Tasman|Abel Tasman]] # [[simple:Zheng He|Zheng He]] === Film directors and screenwriters === # [[simple:Dorothy Arzner|Dorothy Arzner]] # [[simple:Ingmar Bergman|Ingmar Bergman]] # [[simple:Michael Curtiz|Michael Curtiz]] # [[simple:Cecil B. DeMille|Cecil B. DeMille]] # [[simple:Walt Disney|Walt Disney]] # [[simple:Sergei Eisenstein|Sergei Eisenstein]] # [[simple:John Ford|John Ford]] # [[simple:D. W. Griffith|D. W. Griffith]] # [[simple:Howard Hawks|Howard Hawks]] # [[simple:Alfred Hitchcock|Alfred Hitchcock]] # [[simple:Akira Kurosawa|Akira Kurosawa]] # [[simple:Fritz Lang|Fritz Lang]] # [[simple:Mitchell Leisen|Mitchell Leisen]] # [[simple:George Lucas|George Lucas]] # [[simple:Frances Marion|Frances Marion]] # [[simple:Jean Renoir|Jean Renoir]] # [[simple:Leni Riefenstahl|Leni Riefenstahl]] # [[simple:Martin Scorsese|Martin Scorsese]] # [[simple:Steven Spielberg|Steven Spielberg]] === Inventors, scientists and mathematicians === # [[simple:Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Musa al-Khwarizmi|Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Musa al-Khwarizmi]] # [[simple:Archimedes|Archimedes]] # [[simple:John Logie Baird|John Logie Baird]] # [[simple:Alexander Graham Bell|Alexander Graham Bell]] # [[simple:Carl Benz|Carl Benz]] # [[simple:Tim Berners-Lee|Tim Berners-Lee]] # [[simple:Niels Bohr|Niels Bohr]] # [[simple:Tycho Brahe|Tycho Brahe]] # [[simple:Rachel Carson|Rachel Carson]] # [[simple:Nicolaus Copernicus|Nicolaus Copernicus]] # [[simple:Marie Curie|Marie Curie]] ([[simple:Maria Skłodowska-Curie|Maria Skłodowska-Curie]]) # [[simple:Charles Darwin|Charles Darwin]] # [[simple:Albert Einstein|Albert Einstein]] ([[List_of_articles_all_languages_should_have/Albert_Einstein|see current status]], [http://meta.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Template:AlbertEinstein&action=edit edit current status]) # [[simple:Thomas Alva Edison|Thomas Alva Edison]] # [[simple:Leonhard Euler|Leonhard Euler]] # [[simple:Enrico Fermi|Enrico Fermi]] # [[simple:Richard Feynman|Richard Feynman]] # [[simple:Alexander Fleming|Alexander Fleming]] # [[simple:Henry Ford|Henry Ford]] # [[simple:Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier|Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier]] # [[simple:Sigmund Freud|Sigmund Freud]] # [[simple:Buckminster Fuller|Buckminster Fuller]] # [[simple:Kazimierz Funk|Kazimierz Funk]] # [[simple:Galileo Galilei|Galileo Galilei]] # [[simple:Bill Gates|Bill Gates]] # [[simple:Karl Friedrich Gauss|Karl Friedrich Gauss]] # [[simple:Kurt Gödel|Kurt Gödel]] # [[simple:Johann Gutenberg|Johann Gutenberg]] # [[simple:David Hilbert|David Hilbert]] # [[simple:Huygens|Huygens]] # [[simple:Hypatia|Hypatia]] # [[simple:Edward Jenner|Edward Jenner]] # [[simple:Steve Jobs|Steve Jobs]] # [[simple:Johannes Kepler|Johannes Kepler]] # [[simple:John Maynard Keynes|John Maynard Keynes]] # [[simple:Donald Knuth|Donald Knuth]] # [[simple:Pierre-Simon Laplace|Pierre-Simon Laplace]] # [[simple:Gottfried Leibniz|Gottfried Leibniz]] # [[simple:Carolus Linnaeus|Carolus Linnaeus]] # [[simple:Ignacy Łukasiewicz|Ignacy Łukasiewicz]] # [[simple:James Clerk Maxwell|James Clerk Maxwell]] # [[simple:Isaac Newton|Isaac Newton]] # [[simple:Alfred Nobel|Alfred Nobel]] # [[simple:Hans Christian Oersted|Hans Christian Oersted]] # [[simple:Louis Pasteur|Louis Pasteur]] # [[simple:Dennis Ritchie|Dennis Ritchie]] # [[simple:Ole Christensen Roemer|Ole Christensen Roemer]] # [[simple:Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen|Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen]] # [[simple:Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann|Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann]] # [[simple:Ernest Rutherford|Ernest Rutherford]] # [[simple:Richard Stallman|Richard Stallman]] # [[simple:Nikola Tesla|Nikola Tesla]] # [[simple:Thales|Thales]] # [[simple:Linus Torvalds|Linus Torvalds]] # [[simple:Alan Turing|Alan Turing]] # [[simple:Leonardo Da Vinci|Leonardo Da Vinci]] # [[simple:Wright Brothers|The Wright Brothers]] === Social scientists (philosophers, economists, historians and thinkers) === # [[simple:Thomas Aquinas|Thomas Aquinas]] # [[simple:Aristotle|Aristotle]] # [[simple:Augustinus|Augustinus]] # [[simple:Averroes|Averroes]] # [[simple:Matsuo Basho|Matsuo Basho]] # [[simple:Simone de Beauvoir|Simone de Beauvoir]] # [[simple:Confucius|Confucius]] # [[simple:Rene Descartes|Rene Descartes]] # [[simple:Ralph Waldo Emerson|Ralph Waldo Emerson]] # [[simple:Edward Gibbon|Edward Gibbon]] # [[simple:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe|Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] # [[simple:Germaine Greer|Germaine Greer]] # [[simple:Herodotus|Herodotus]] # [[simple:Hippocrates|Hippocrates]] # [[simple:Immanuel Kant|Immanuel Kant]] # [[simple:Lao Tzu|Lao Tzu]] # [[simple:Li Po|Li Po]] # [[simple:Martin Luther|Martin Luther]] # [[simple:Rosa Luxemburg|Rosa Luxemburg]] # [[simple:Soeren Kierkegaard|Soeren Kierkegaard]] # [[simple:Martin Luther King, Jr.|Martin Luther King, Jr.]] # [[simple:Karl Marx|Karl Marx]] # [[simple:Nagarjuna|Nagarjuna]] # [[simple:Friedrich Nietzsche|Friedrich Nietzsche]] # [[simple:Tom Paine|Tom Paine]] # [[simple:Plato|Plato]] # [[simple:Pythagoras|Pythagoras]] # [[simple:Sima Qian|Sima Qian]] # [[simple:Jean-Jacques Rousseau|Jean-Jacques Rousseau]] # [[simple:Bertrand Russell|Bertrand Russell]] # [[simple:Adam Smith|Adam Smith]] # [[simple:Socrates|Socrates]] # [[simple:Sun Tzu|Sun Tzu]] # [[simple:Tu Fu|Tu Fu]] # [[simple:Voltaire|Voltaire]] # [[simple:Mary Wollstonecraft|Mary Wollstonecraft]] # [[simple:Zeami|Zeami]] === Politicans, leaders and aristocrats === # [[simple:Akbar the Great|Akbar the Great]] # [[simple:Alexander the Great|Alexander the Great]] # [[simple:Kofi Annan|Kofi Annan]] # [[simple:Kemal Atatürk|Kemal Atatürk]] # [[simple:Attila the Hun|Attila the Hun]] # [[simple:Caesar Augustus|Caesar Augustus]] # [[simple:Hastings Kamuzu Banda|Hastings Kamuzu Banda]] # [[simple:Pope Benedict XVI|Pope Benedict XVI]] # [[simple:Silvio Berlusconi|Silvio Berlusconi]] # [[simple:Otto von Bismarck|Otto von Bismarck]] # [[simple:Tony Blair|Tony Blair]] # [[simple:Simón Bolívar|Simón Bolívar]] # [[simple:Napoléon Bonaparte|Napoléon Bonaparte]] # [[simple:Lucrezia Borgia|Lucrezia Borgia]] # [[simple:Gro Harlem Brundtland|Gro Harlem Brundtland]] # [[simple:George W. Bush|George W. Bush]] # [[simple:Fidel Castro|Fidel Castro]] # [[simple:Catherine the Great|Catherine the Great]], Empress of Russia # [[simple:Charlemagne|Charlemagne]] # [[simple:Cixi|Cixi]] (Tse Hsi, Tz'u-hsi) (The Dowager Empress of China, 1835 - 1908) # [[simple:Jacques Chirac|Jacques Chirac]] # [[simple:Winston Churchill|Winston Churchill]] # [[simple:Cleopatra|Cleopatra]] # [[simple:Princess Diana Spencer|Princess Diana Spencer]] # [[simple:Indira Gandhi|Indira Gandhi]] # [[simple:Constantine the Great|Constantine the Great]] # [[simple:Queen Elizabeth I|Queen Elizabeth I]] (of England) # [[simple:Queen Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] (of England) # [[simple:Franz Ferdinand|Franz Ferdinand]] # [[simple:Charles de Gaulle|Charles de Gaulle]] # [[simple:Mikhail Gorbachev|Mikhail Gorbachev]] # [[simple:Hammurabi|Hammurabi]] # [[simple:Hannibal|Hannibal]] # [[simple:Hirohito, Emperor of Japan|Hirohito, Emperor of Japan]] # [[simple:Adolf Hitler|Adolf Hitler]] # [[simple:Thomas Jefferson|Thomas Jefferson]] # [[simple:Pope John Paul II|Pope John Paul II]] # [[simple:Julius Caesar|Julius Caesar]] # [[simple:Kaahumanu|Kaahumanu]] # [[simple:Genghis Khan|Genghis Khan]] # [[simple:Lenin|Vladimir Ilyich Lenin]] # [[simple:Queen Liliuokalani|Queen Liliuokalani]] # [[simple:Abraham Lincoln|Abraham Lincoln]] # [[simple:Makeda|Makeda]], Queen of Sheba (Ethiopia) # [[simple:Nelson Mandela|Nelson Mandela]] # [[simple:Mao Tse-tung|Mao Tse-tung (Mao Zedong)]] # [[simple:Maria Theresa of Austria|Maria Theresa of Austria]] (Holy Roman Empress) # [[simple:Queen Mary I of Scotland|Queen Mary I of Scotland]] # [[simple:Catherine de' Medici|Catherine de' Medici]] # [[simple:Golda Meir|Golda Meir]] # [[simple:Mahathir bin Mohamad|Mahathir bin Mohamad]] # [[simple:Benito Mussolini|Benito Mussolini]] # [[simple:Nefertiti|Nefertiti]] # [[simple:Kwame Nkrumah|Kwame Nkrumah]] # [[simple:Eva Perón|Eva Perón]] # [[simple:Peter the Great (of Russia)|Peter the Great]] # [[simple:Józef Piłsudski|Józef Piłsudski]] # [[simple:Pol Pot|Pol Pot]] # [[simple:Vladimir Putin|Vladimir Putin]] # [[simple:Qin Shi Huang|Qin Shi Huang]] # [[simple:Eleanor Roosevelt|Eleanor Roosevelt]] # [[simple:Franklin Delano Roosevelt|Franklin Delano Roosevelt]] # [[simple:Saladin|Saladin]] # [[simple:Gerhard Schröder|Gerhard Schröder]] # [[simple:Semiramis|Semiramis]], Queen of Assyria # [[simple:Shaka Zulu|Shaka Zulu]] # [[simple:Sitting Bull|Sitting Bull]] # [[simple:Josef Stalin|Josef Stalin]] # [[simple:Tamerlane|Tamerlane]] # [[simple:Margaret Thatcher|Margaret Thatcher]] # [[simple:Leo Trotsky|Leo Trotsky]] # [[simple:Harry Truman|Harry Truman]] # [[simple:Queen Victoria|Queen Victoria]] (of the United Kingdom) # [[simple:Lech Wałęsa|Lech Wałęsa]] # [[simple:George Washington|George Washington]] # [[simple:Emperor Wilhelm II (Germany)|Emperor Wilhelm II]] # [[simple:Lee Kuan Yew|Lee Kuan Yew]] === Revolutionaries and activists === # [[simple:Joan of Arc|Joan of Arc]] # [[simple:Mohandas Gandhi|Mohandas Gandhi]] # [[simple:Emma Goldman|Emma Goldman]] # [[simple:Che Guevara|Ernesto "Che" Guevara]] # [[simple:Mary Harris|Mary Harris]] (Mother Jones) # [[simple:Helen Keller|Helen Keller]] # [[simple:Osama bin Laden|Osama bin Laden]] # [[simple:Florence Nightingale|Florence Nightingale]] # [[simple:Rosa Parks|Rosa Parks]] # [[simple:Emilia Plater|Emilia Plater]] # [[simple:Gavrilo Princip|Gavrilo Princip]] # [[simple:Mother Teresa of Calcutta|Mother Teresa of Calcutta]] # [[simple:Sojourner Truth|Sojourner Truth]] # [[simple:Harriet Tubman|Harriet Tubman]] == History == At least five sentences on: === Prehistory and ancient world === # [[simple:Ancient Egypt|Ancient Egypt]] # [[simple:Archaeology|Archaeology]] # [[simple:Bronze Age|Bronze Age]] # [[simple:Byzantine Empire|Byzantine Empire]] # [[simple:Classical Greece|Classical Greece]] # [[simple:Dinosaur|Dinosaur]] # [[simple:Human evolution|Human evolution]] # [[simple:Inca|Inca]] ## and other Andes cultures # [[simple:Iron Age|Iron Age]] # [[simple:Macedonian Empire|Macedonian Empire]] # [[simple:Mesoamerica|Mesoamerica]] # [[simple:Prehistory|Prehistory]] # [[simple:Roman Empire|Roman Empire]] # [[simple:Seljuk Empire|Seljuk Empire]] # [[simple:Stone Age|Stone Age]] # [[simple:Sumer|Sumer]] === Middle Ages and Renaissance === # [[simple:Age of Enlightenment|Age of Enlightenment]] # [[simple:American War of Independece|American War of Independece]] # [[simple:Black Death|Black Death]] # [[simple:British Empire|British Empire]] # [[simple:Colonization of North-east America|Colonization of North-east America]] # [[simple:Colonization of South America|Colonization of South America]] # [[simple:Counter-Reformation|Counter-Reformation]] # [[simple:Crusades|Crusades]] # [[simple:Discovery of the Americas|Discovery of the Americas]] # [[simple:Dutch Revolt|Dutch Revolt]] # [[simple:English Civil War|English Civil War]] # [[simple:French Revolution|French Revolution]] # [[simple:The Great Schism|The Great Schism]] # [[simple:Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation|Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation]] # [[simple:Middle Ages|Middle Ages]] # [[simple:Napoleonic Wars|Napoleonic Wars]] # [[simple:Ottoman Empire|Ottoman Empire]] # [[simple:Partitions of Poland|Partitions of Poland]] # [[simple:Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth|Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth]] # [[simple:Reformation |Reformation ]] # [[simple:Renaissance|Renaissance]] # [[simple:Spanish Inquisition|Spanish Inquisition]] # [[simple:Vikings|Vikings]] ===Industrial age=== # [[simple:1973 oil crisis|1973 oil crisis]] # [[simple:Afghan-Soviet War|Afghan-Soviet War]] # [[simple:American Civil War|American Civil War]] # [[simple:Apartheid|Apartheid]] # [[simple:Cold War|Cold War]] # [[simple:Decolonization|Decolonization]] # [[simple:Establishment of the State of Israel|Establishment of the State of Israel]] # [[simple:Industrial Revolution|Industrial Revolution]] # [[simple:Franco-Prussian War|Franco-Prussian War]] # [[simple:German unification|German unification]] # Gulf wars # [[simple:Great Depression|Great Depression]] # [[simple:The Holocaust|The Holocaust]] # [[simple:Iranian Revolution|Iranian Revolution]] # [[simple:Italian unification|Italian unification]] # [[simple:Korean War|Korean War]] # [[simple:Meiji Restoration|Meiji Restoration]] # [[simple:Nazi Germany|Nazi Germany]] # Outer space exploration (Sputnik, Apollo programs, shuttles) # [[simple:Perestroika and dissolution of the Soviet Union|Perestroika and dissolution of the Soviet Union]] # [[simple:Polish-Soviet War|Polish-Soviet War]] # [[simple:Reunification of Germany|Reunification of Germany]] # [[simple:Russian Civil War|Russian Civil War]] # [[simple:Russian February Revolution|Russian February Revolution]] # [[simple:Bolshevik Revolution |Bolshevik Revolution ]] # [[simple:Solidarity in Poland |Solidarity in Poland ]] # [[simple:Spanish Civil War|Spanish Civil War]] # [[simple:The Scramble for Africa|The Scramble for Africa]] # [[simple:Treaty of Versailles|Treaty of Versailles]] # [[simple:Vietnam War|Vietnam War]] # [[simple:World War I|World War I]] # [[simple:World War II|World War II]] # [[simple:Han Dynasty|Han Dynasty]] # [[simple:Tang Dynasty|Tang Dynasty]] # [[simple:Sung Dynasty|Sung Dynasty]] # [[simple:Yuan Dynasty|Yuan Dynasty]] # [[simple:Qing Dynasty|Qing Dynasty]] # [[simple:Ming Dynasty|Ming Dynasty]] == Geography == # Earth science # Capital # City # Continent # Desert # Ocean # Rain forest # [[simple:River|River]] # Sea # North Pole # South Pole === Continents and major regions === At least three sentences on each of the continents # [[simple:Africa|Africa]] # [[simple:Antarctica|Antarctica]] # [[simple:Asia|Asia]] # [[simple:Europe|Europe]] # Latin America # Middle East # [[simple:North America|North America]] # [[simple:Oceania|Oceania]] # [[simple:South America|South America]] === Countries === # One sentence and the table on all countries in this list (203 articles): [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries] === Major cities === Cities with historical, economical, political and/or religious importance and significance # [[simple:Athens |Athens ]] # [[simple:Bangkok|Bangkok]] # [[simple:Barcelona|Barcelona]] # [[simple:Beijing|Beijing]] # [[simple:Belgrade|Belgrade]] # [[simple:Berlin|Berlin]] # [[simple:Bombay|Bombay]] # [[simple:Brussels|Brussels]] # [[simple:Cairo|Cairo]] # [[simple:Copenhagen|Copenhagen]] # [[simple:Edinburgh|Edinburgh]] # [[simple:Frankfurt|Frankfurt]] # [[simple:Hanoi|Hanoi]] # [[simple:Hong Kong|Hong Kong]] # [[simple:Istanbul|Istanbul]] # [[simple:Jakarta|Jakarta]] # [[simple:Jerusalem|Jerusalem]] # [[simple:London|London]] # [[simple:Manila|Manila]] # [[simple:Madrid|Madrid]] # [[simple:Mecca|Mecca]] # [[simple:Mexico City|Mexico City]] # [[simple:Moscow|Moscow]] # [[simple:Munich|Munich]] (München) # [[simple:Nairobi|Nairobi]] # [[simple:New Delhi|New Delhi]] # [[simple:New York|New York]] # [[simple:Paris|Paris]] # [[simple:Rio de Janeiro|Rio de Janeiro]] # [[simple:Rome|Rome]] # [[simple:Shanghai|Shanghai]] # [[simple:Singapore|Singapore]] # [[simple:St. Petersburg|St. Petersburg]] # [[simple:Stockholm|Stockholm]] # [[simple:Sydney|Sydney]] # [[simple:Taipei|Taipei]] # [[simple:Tokyo|Tokyo]] # [[simple:Toronto|Toronto]] # [[simple:Vienna|Vienna]] # [[simple:Warsaw|Warsaw]] # [[simple:Washington, D.C.|Washington, D.C.]] === Bodies of water === # Amazon River # Aral Sea # Arctic Ocean # [[simple:Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] # Baltic Sea # Black Sea # Caspian Sea # Dead Sea # Great Barrier Reef # Great Lakes # [[simple:Indian Ocean|Indian Ocean]] # Lake Baikal # Lake Tanganyika # Lake Titicaca # Lake Victoria # Mediterranean Sea # [[simple:Mississippi River|Mississippi River]] # Niagara falls # Nile River # North Sea # [[simple:Pacific Ocean|Pacific Ocean]] # Panama Canal # Suez Canal # [[simple:Southern Ocean|Southern Ocean]] === Mountains, valleys and deserts === # Alps # Andes # Great Rift Valley # Himalayas # Kilimanjaro # Mount Everest # Rocky Mountains # [[simple:Sahara Desert|Sahara Desert]] === Disasters === # [[simple:Avalanche|Avalanche]] # [[simple:Earthquake|Earthquake]] # [[simple:Flood|Flood]] # [[simple:Hurricane|Hurricane]] # [[simple:Nuclear meltdown|Nuclear meltdown]] # [[simple:Tsunami|Tsunami]] # [[simple:Volcano|Volcano]] == Government and politics == # [[simple:Anarchism|Anarchism]] # [[simple:Anarchy|Anarchy]] # [[simple:Capitalism|Capitalism]] # [[simple:Communism|Communism]] # [[simple:Democracy|Democracy]] # [[simple:Dictatorship|Dictatorship]] # [[simple:Fascism|Fascism]] # [[simple:Globalisation|Globalisation]] # [[simple:Imperialism|Imperialism]] # [[simple:Liberalism|Liberalism]] # [[simple:Monarchy|Monarchy]] # [[simple:Nationalism|Nationalism]] # [[simple:Racism|Racism]] # [[simple:Republic|Republic]] # [[simple:Socialism|Socialism]] # [[simple:Separation of powers|Separation of powers]] ## [[simple:Judiciary|Judiciary]] ## [[simple:Legislature|Legislature]] ## [[simple:Executive|Executive]] # [[simple:Political party|Political party]] # [[simple:Theocracy|Theocracy]] === Economics === # [[simple:Economics|Economics]] # [[simple:Money|Money]] # [[simple:Supply and demand|Supply and demand]] # [[simple:Market|Market]] # [[simple:Capital|Capital]] # [[simple:Microeconomics|Microeconomics]] # [[simple:Macroeconomics|Macroeconomics]] ==== Currency ==== # [[simple:American dollar|American dollar]] # [[simple:British pound|British pound]] # [[simple:Euro|Euro]] # [[simple:Renminbi|Renminbi]] # [[simple:Rupee|Rupee]] # [[simple:Yen|Yen]] === Legal documents === # [[simple:Communist Manifesto|Communist Manifesto]] # [[simple:Constitution|Constitution]] # [[simple:Law|Law]] # [[simple:Magna Carta|Magna Carta]] # [[simple:Leviathan|Leviathan]] # [[simple:Republic|Republic]] === International organizations === # [[simple:African Union|African Union]] # [[simple:ASEAN|ASEAN]] # [[simple:Arab League|Arab League]] # [[simple:Antiglobalization|Antiglobalization]] # [[simple:Commonwealth of Independent States|Commonwealth of Independent States]] # [[simple:Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth of Nations]] # [[simple:Council of Europe|Council of Europe]] ## [[simple:European Court of Human Rights|European Court of Human Rights]] ## [[simple:European Convention on Human Rights|European Convention on Human Rights]] # [[simple:Diplomacy|Diplomacy]] # [[simple:European Union|European Union]] # [[simple:Freedom|Freedom]] # [[simple:Geneva Conventions|Geneva Conventions]] ## [[simple:Red Cross/Red Crescent/Red Crystal|Red Cross/Red Crescent/Red Crystal]] # [[simple:Globalization|Globalization]] # [[simple:Interpol|Interpol]] # [[simple:NATO|NATO]] # [[simple:Nobel Prize|Nobel Prize]] # [[simple:OECD|OECD]] # [[simple:OSCE|OSCE]] # [[simple:Olympic Games, preferably with a mention of the Paralympics|Olympic Games, preferably with a mention of the Paralympics]] # [[simple:OPEC|OPEC]] # [[simple:Organization of American States|Organization of American States]] # [[simple:United Nations|United Nations]] ## [[simple:IAEA|IAEA]] ## [[simple:IMF|IMF]] ## [[simple:International Criminal Court|International Criminal Court]] ## [[simple:International Court of Justice|International Court of Justice]] ## [[simple:WHO|WHO]] ## [[simple:WTO|WTO]] ## [[simple:UNICEF|UNICEF]] ## [[simple:UNESCO|UNESCO]] ## [[simple:Universal Declaration of Human Rights|Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] ## [[simple:World Bank|World Bank]] # [[simple:World Peace|World Peace]] === Human issues === # [[simple:Abortion|Abortion]] # [[simple:Birth control|Birth control]] # [[simple:Capital punishment|Capital punishment]] # [[simple:Human rights|Human rights]] # [[simple:Racism|Racism]] # [[simple:Sexism|Sexism]] # [[simple:Sexuality|Sexuality]] # [[simple:Slavery|Slavery]] == Philosophy == # [[simple:Philosophy|Philosophy]] # [[simple:Eastern philosophy|Eastern philosophy]] # [[simple:Western philosophy|Western philosophy]] # [[simple:Scientific method|Scientific method]] # [[simple:Beauty|Beauty]] # [[simple:Ethics|Ethics]] # [[simple:Existence|Existence]] # [[simple:Experience|Experience]] # [[simple:Feminism|Feminism]] # [[simple:Humanism|Humanism]] # [[simple:Knowledge|Knowledge]] # [[simple:Moral (or Morality)|Moral (or Morality)]] # [[simple:Logic|Logic]] # [[simple:Truth|Truth]] == Religion and spirituality == # [[simple:Religion|Religion]] At least a five-sentence introduction to the religions: # [[simple:Astrology|Astrology]] # [[simple:Baha'i |Baha'i ]] ## [[simple:Báb|Báb]] ## [[simple:Bahá'u'lláh|Bahá'u'lláh]] # [[simple:Buddhism |Buddhism ]] ## [[simple:Gautama Buddha|Gautama Buddha]] # [[simple:Christianity |Christianity ]] ## [[simple:Church|Church]] ## [[simple:Jehovah|Jehovah]] ## [[simple:Jehovah's Witnesses|Jehovah's Witnesses]] ## [[simple:Jesus|Jesus]] ## [[simple:Pope|Pope]] ## [[simple:Protestantism|Protestantism]] ## [[simple:Trinity|Trinity]] # [[simple:Confucianism |Confucianism ]] # [[simple:God|God]] ## [[simple:Monotheism|Monotheism]] # [[simple:Hinduism |Hinduism ]] ## [[simple:Brahma|Brahma]] ## [[simple:Vishnu|Vishnu]] ## [[simple:Siva|Siva]] # [[simple:Islam |Islam ]] ## [[simple:Ali|Ali]] ## [[simple:Mosque|Mosque]] ## [[simple:Muhammad|Muhammad]] ## [[simple:Omar|Omar]] ## [[simple:Sufism|Sufism]] # [[simple:Jainism |Jainism ]] # [[simple:Judaism|Judaism]] ## [[simple:Moses|Moses]] ## [[simple:Torah|Torah]] ## [[simple:Talmud|Talmud]] # [[simple:Mythology|Mythology]] ## [[simple:Greek mythology|Greek mythology]] # [[simple:Shinto |Shinto ]] # [[simple:Sikhism|Sikhism]] ## [[simple:Nanak|Nanak]] # [[simple:Spirits|Spirits]] # [[simple:Taoism |Taoism ]] # [[simple:Unitarianism|Unitarianism]] # [[simple:Voodoo|Voodoo]] # [[simple:Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrianism]] ## [[simple:Zoroaster|Zoroaster]] ===Religious philosophies=== # [[simple:Agnosticism|Agnosticism]] # [[simple:Atheism|Atheism]] # [[simple:Fundamentalism|Fundamentalism]] == Culture == At least three sentences on: # [[simple:Art|Art]] ## [[simple:Painting|Painting]] ## [[simple:Sculpture|Sculpture]] # [[simple:Culture|Culture]] # [[simple:Dance|Dance]] # [[simple:Radio|Radio]] # [[simple:Television|Television]] # [[simple:Theater|Theater]] ## [[simple:Broadway|Broadway]] ## [[simple:Noh|Noh]] # [[simple:Tourism|Tourism]] === Architecture / civil engineering === # [[simple:Architecture|Architecture]] # [[simple:Arch|Arch]] # [[simple:Bridge|Bridge]] # [[simple:Canal |Canal ]] # [[simple:Dam|Dam]] # [[simple:Dome|Dome]] # [[simple:Nail|Nail]] # [[simple:Tower |Tower ]] ==== Historical / particular architectures ==== # [[simple:Aswan Dam|Aswan Dam]] # [[simple:Great Wall of China|Great Wall of China]] # [[simple:Pyramids|Pyramids]] # [[simple:Taj Mahal|Taj Mahal]] === Film === # [[simple:Film|Film]] ## History/evolution ### [[simple:Silent era|Silent era]] ### Transition to sound ### [[simple:Studio era|Studio era]] (Including the different "type" of films from MGM, Warner Bros, Fox, Columbia, etc.) ### Modern era ===Literature=== # [[simple:Literature|Literature]] ## [[simple:Novel|Novel]] ### [[simple:Don Quixote|Don Quixote]] ### [[simple:Thousand and One Nights|Thousand and One Nights]] ## [[simple:Poetry|Poetry]] ### [[simple:Epic of Gilgamesh|Epic of Gilgamesh]] ### [[simple:Iliad|Iliad]] ### [[simple:Mahabharata|Mahabharata]] ### [[simple:Odyssey|Odyssey]] # [[simple:Books|Books]] ## [[simple:The Bible|The Bible]] ## [[simple:The Qur'an|The Qur'an]] ===Music=== # [[simple:Music|Music]] ## [[simple:CD|CD]] ## [[simple:Classical music|Classical music]] ### [[simple:Opera|Opera]] ### [[simple:Symphony|Symphony]] ## [[simple:Jazz|Jazz]] ## [[simple:Pop music|Pop music]] ## [[simple:Reggae|Reggae]] ## [[simple:Soul and gospel|Soul and gospel]] ## [[simple:Rock and roll|Rock and roll]] ### [[simple:Heavy metal|Heavy metal]] ## [[simple:Traditional|Traditional]] ### [[simple:Gamelan|Gamelan]] ### [[simple:Indian classical music|Indian classical music]] # [[simple:Musical instruments|Musical instruments]] ## [[simple:Drum|Drum]] ## [[simple:Flute|Flute]] ## [[simple:Guitar|Guitar]] ## [[simple:Piano|Piano]] ## [[simple:String instrument|String instrument]] ## [[simple:Trumpet|Trumpet]] ## [[simple:Violin|Violin]] == Science == At least a five-sentence introduction to the major fields: === Astronomy === # [[simple:Astronomy|Astronomy]] # [[simple:Asteroid|Asteroid]] # [[simple:Big Bang|Big Bang]] # Black hole # [[simple:Comet|Comet]] # [[simple:Earth|Earth]] # [[simple:Galaxy|Galaxy]] # [[simple:Jupiter (planet)|Jupiter]] # [[simple:Light year|Light year]] # [[simple:Mars (planet)|Mars]] # [[simple:Mercury (planet)|Mercury]] # [[simple:Milky Way|Milky Way]] # [[simple:Moon|Moon]] # [[simple:Neptune (planet)|Neptune]] # [[simple:Planet|Planet]] # [[simple:Pluto (planet)|Pluto]] # [[simple:Saturn (planet)|Saturn]] # [[simple:Solar System|Solar System]] # [[simple:Star|Star]] # [[simple:Sun|Sun]] # [[simple:Uranus (planet)|Uranus]] # [[simple:Venus (planet)|Venus]] === Biology === # [[simple:Biology|Biology]] ==== Biological materials ==== # [[simple:DNA|DNA]] # [[simple:Enzyme|Enzyme]] # [[simple:Protein|Protein]] ==== Mammalian anatomy ==== # [[simple:Digestive system|Digestive system]] ## [[simple:Large intestine|Large intestine]] ## [[simple:Small intestine|Small intestine]] ## [[simple:Liver|Liver]] # [[simple:Respiratory system|Respiratory system]] ## [[simple:Lungs|Lungs]] # [[simple:Skeletal system|Skeletal system]] # [[simple:Nervous system|Nervous system]] ## [[simple:Brain|Brain]] ## [[simple:Sensory system|Sensory system]] ### [[simple:Auditory system|Auditory system]] #### [[simple:Ear|Ear]] ### [[simple:Visual system|Visual system]] #### [[simple:Eye|Eye]] ### [[simple:Olfactory system|Olfactory system]] ### [[simple:Gustatory system|Gustatory system]] ### [[simple:Somatosensory system|Somatosensory system]] # [[simple:Endocrine system|Endocrine system]] # [[simple:Circulatory system|Circulatory system]] ## [[simple:Blood|Blood]] ## [[simple:Heart|Heart]] # [[simple:Reproductive system|Reproductive system]] ## [[simple:Penis|Penis]] ## [[simple:Vagina|Vagina]] # [[simple:Integumentary system|Integumentary system]] ## [[simple:Skin|Skin]] # [[simple:Breast|Breast]] ==== Biological processes ==== # [[simple:Digestion|Digestion]] # [[simple:Evolution |Evolution ]] # [[simple:Excretion|Excretion]] # [[simple:Photosynthesis|Photosynthesis]] # [[simple:Pregnancy|Pregnancy]] # [[simple:Reproduction|Reproduction]] # [[simple:Respiration|Respiration]] ==== Organisms ==== # [[simple:Animal|Animal]] ## Chordate ### [[simple:Amphibian|Amphibian]] #### [[simple:Frog|Frog]] ### [[simple:Bird|Bird]] #### [[simple:Dove|Dove]] #### [[simple:Eagle|Eagle]] ### [[simple:Fish|Fish]] #### [[simple:Shark|Shark]] ### [[simple:Mammal|Mammal]] #### [[simple:Bat|Bat]] #### [[simple:Bear|Bear]] #### [[simple:Camel|Camel]] #### [[simple:Cat|Cat]] #### [[simple:Cattle|Cattle]] #### [[simple:Dog|Dog]] #### [[simple:Dolphin|Dolphin]] #### [[simple:Elephant|Elephant]] #### [[simple:Horse|Horse]] #### [[simple:Sheep|Sheep]] #### [[simple:Lion|Lion]] #### [[simple:Mammoth|Mammoth]] #### [[simple:Monkey|Monkey]] #### [[simple:Pig|Pig]] #### [[simple:Whale|Whale]] ### [[simple:Reptile|Reptile]] #### [[simple:Snake|Snake]] ## [[simple:Insect|Insect]] ### [[simple:Ant|Ant]] ### [[simple:Bee|Bee]] ### [[simple:Butterfly|Butterfly]] ## [[simple:Arachnid|Arachnid]] # [[simple:Archea|Archea]] # [[simple:Bacterium|Bacterium]] # [[simple:Fungus|Fungus]] # [[simple:Plant|Plant]] ## [[simple:Flower|Flower]] ## [[simple:Palm|Palm]] ## [[simple:Tree|Tree]] # Protist # [[simple:Cell|Cell]] === Chemistry === # [[simple:Chemistry|Chemistry]] # [[simple:Element|Element]] # [[simple:List of elements|List of elements]] # [[simple:Biochemistry|Biochemistry]] # [[simple:Organic chemistry|Organic chemistry]] # [[simple:Periodic table|Periodic table]] # [[Simple:Aluminium|Aluminium]] # [[simple:Carbon|Carbon]] # [[simple:Copper|Copper]] # [[simple:Gold|Gold]] # [[Simple:Iron|Iron]] # [[Simple:Helium|Helium]] # [[Simple:Hydrogen|Hydrogen]] # [[simple:Lithium|Lithium]] # [[simple:Neon|Neon]] # [[simple:Nitrogen|Nitrogen]] # [[simple:Oxygen|Oxygen]] # [[Simple:Silver|Silver]] # [[simple:Zinc|Zinc]] === Ecology === # [[simple:Ecology|Ecology]] # Species ## Endangered species === Geology === # [[simple:Basalt|Basalt]] # [[simple:Flint|Flint]] # [[simple:Limestone|Limestone]] # Earth (Geology) === Medicine === # [[simple:Medicine|Medicine]] # [[simple:AIDS|AIDS]] # [[simple:Alcoholism|Alcoholism]] # [[simple:Cancer|Cancer]] # [[simple:Cirrhosis of the liver|Cirrhosis of the liver]] # [[simple:Cholera|Cholera]] # [[simple:Dentistry|Dentistry]] # [[simple:Diabetes mellitus|Diabetes mellitus]] # [[simple:Dysentery|Dysentery]] # [[simple:Heart disease|Heart disease]] # [[simple:Hypertension|Hypertension]] # [[simple:Influenza|Influenza]] # [[simple:Lung cancer|Lung cancer]] # [[simple:Malaria|Malaria]] # [[simple:Malnutrtion|Malnutrtion]] # [[simple:Obesity|Obesity]] # [[simple:Sexually transmitted disease|Sexually transmitted disease]] # [[simple:Smallpox|Smallpox]] # [[simple:Stroke|Stroke]] # [[simple:Syphilis|Syphilis]] # [[simple:Tuberculosis|Tuberculosis]] # [[simple:Virus|Virus]] # [[simple:Blindness|Blindness]] # [[simple:Mental Illness|Mental Illness]] # [[simple:Deafness|Deafness]] === Weather === # [[simple:Cloud|Cloud]] # [[simple:El Niño|El Niño]] # [[simple:Global Warming|Global Warming]] # [[simple:Tornado|Tornado]] # [[simple:Tropical cyclone|Tropical cyclone]] # [[simple:Rain|Rain]] # [[simple:Snow|Snow]] === Physics === # [[simple:Physics|Physics]] # [[simple:Atom|Atom]] ## [[simple:Electron|Electron]] ## [[simple:Neutron|Neutron]] ## [[simple:Proton|Proton]] # [[simple:Energy|Energy]] ## [[simple:Electromagnetic radiation|Electromagnetic radiation]] ### [[simple:Radio|Radio]] ### IR ### Visible #### [[simple:Spectrum|Spectrum]] #### [[simple:Black|Black]] #### [[simple:White|White]] #### [[simple:Red|Red]] #### [[simple:Yellow|Yellow]] #### [[simple:Green|Green]] #### [[simple:Blue|Blue]] ### UV ### [[simple:Gamma|Gamma]] # [[simple:Isotope|Isotope]] # [[simple:Molecule|Molecule]] # [[simple:Light|Light]] #Forces ## [[simple:Gravitation|Gravitation]] ## [[simple:Electromagnetism|Electromagnetism]] ## [[simple:Weak nuclear force|Weak nuclear force]] ## [[simple:Strong nuclear force|Strong nuclear force]] # Acceleration # Force # [[simple:Mass|Mass]] # [[simple:Speed|Speed]] # [[simple:Time|Time]] # [[simple:Velocity|Velocity]] # [[simple:Weight|Weight]] # [[simple:Quantum mechanics|Quantum mechanics]] # [[simple:Theory of relativity|Theory of relativity]] === Human sciences === # [[simple:Anthropology|Anthropology]] # [[simple:Education|Education]] # [[simple:Pedagogy|Pedagogy]] # [[simple:Psychology|Psychology]] # [[simple:Sociology|Sociology]] === Non-energy-related Resources === # [[simple:Minerals|Minerals]] ## [[simple:Iron|Iron]] ## [[simple:Aluminum|Aluminum]] ## [[simple:Tin|Tin]] ## [[simple:Gold|Gold]] ## [[simple:Silver|Silver]] ## [[simple:Bronze|Bronze]] # [[simple:Diamond|Diamond]] # [[simple:Salt|Salt]] === SI units and others === # [[simple:SI Unit System|SI Unit System]] # [[simple:Metre|Metre]] # [[simple:Litre|Litre]] # [[simple:Kilogram|Kilogram]] # [[simple:Volt|Volt]] # [[simple:Watt|Watt]] # [[simple:Newton|Newton]] === Calendars and timekeeping=== # [[simple:Calendar|Calendar]] # [[simple:Day|Day]] ## [[simple:Gregorian calendar|Gregorian calendar]] ### Day-of-week algorithm ### Calculation of date of Easter ### [[simple:Leap year|Leap year]] # [[simple:Month|Month]] # [[simple:Time zone|Time zone]] ## [[simple:Daylight Savings Time|Daylight Savings Time]] # [[simple:Year|Year]] # (article about each of the months of the year) # [[simple:Chinese calendar|Chinese calendar]] == Technology == === Computers === # [[simple:Computer|Computer]] ## [[simple:Processor|Processor]] ## [[simple:RAM|RAM]] ## [[simple:Motherboard|Motherboard]] ## [[simple:Hard disk|Hard disk]] ## [[simple:Boot loader|Boot loader]] # [[simple:Artificial Intelligence|Artificial Intelligence]] # [[simple:Computer science|Computer science]] ## [[simple:Algorithm|Algorithm]] # [[simple:Operating system|Operating system]] ## [[simple:Microsoft Windows|Microsoft Windows]] ## [[simple:Mac OS|Mac OS]] ## [[simple:GNU and Linux|GNU and Linux]] ## [[simple:Unix|Unix]] # [[simple:Programming language|Programming language]] ## [[simple:C|C]] ## [[simple:C plus plus|C++]] ## [[simple:Java|Java]] ## [[simple:Pascal|Pascal]] ## [[simple:PHP|PHP]] # [[simple:Software|Software]] # [[simple:User interface|User interface]] ## [[simple:Mouse|Mouse]] ## [[simple:Keyboard|Keyboard]] ## [[simple:Monitor|Monitor]] === Common technology === # [[simple:Coinage|Coinage]] # [[simple:Engineering|Engineering]] # [[simple:Inclined plane|Inclined plane]] # [[simple:Lever|Lever]] # [[simple:Metallurgy|Metallurgy]] # [[simple:Pulley|Pulley]] # [[simple:Screw|Screw]] # [[simple:Wedge|Wedge]] # [[simple:Wheel|Wheel]] === Communication === # [[simple:Letters / Alphabet|Letters / Alphabet]] ## [[simple:Chinese character|Chinese character]] ## [[simple:Cyrillic alphabet|Cyrillic alphabet]] ## [[simple:Greek alphabet|Greek alphabet]] ## [[simple:Latin alphabet|Latin alphabet]] ## [[simple:Literacy|Literacy]] # [[simple:Information|Information]] # [[simple:Internet|Internet]] ## [[simple:E-mail|E-mail]] ## [[simple:Internet protocol|Internet protocol]] ## [[simple:TCP|TCP]] ## [[simple:World Wide Web|World Wide Web]] ### [[simple:Web browser|Web browser]] ## [[simple:HTTP|HTTP]] ## [[simple:HTML|HTML]] ## [[simple:Wiki|Wiki]] # [[simple:Journalism|Journalism]] ## [[simple:Newspaper|Newspaper]] ## [[simple:Mass media|Mass media]] ## [[simple:Radio|Radio]] # [[simple:Printing|Printing]] # [[simple:Railroad|Railroad]] # [[simple:Telegraph|Telegraph]] # [[simple:Telephone|Telephone]] ## [[simple:Mobile telephone|Mobile telephone]] # [[simple:Television|Television]] # [[simple:Writing|Writing]] === Electronics === # [[simple:Electronics|Electronics]] ## [[simple:Voltage|Voltage]] ## [[simple:Current|Current]] ## [[simple:Charge|Charge]] ## [[simple:Frequency|Frequency]] ## [[simple:Phase|Phase]] ## [[simple:Resistance|Resistance]] ## [[simple:Reactance|Reactance]] ## [[simple:Inductance|Inductance]] ## [[simple:Capacitance|Capacitance]] ## [[simple:Gain|Gain]] # [[simple:Components|Components]] ## [[simple:Transistor|Transistor]] ## [[simple:Diode|Diode]] ## [[simple:Resistor|Resistor]] ## [[simple:Capacitor|Capacitor]] ## [[simple:Transformer|Transformer]] ## [[simple:Inductor|Inductor]] === Food production === # Grain grinding # Irrigation # Knife # Plough # Pottery === Harnessing energy === # [[simple:Combustion engine|Combustion engine]] # [[simple:Electricity|Electricity]] ## [[simple:Nuclear|Nuclear]] # [[simple:Fossil fuels|Fossil fuels]] ## [[simple:Coal|Coal]] ## [[simple:Gas|Gas]] ## [[simple:Oil|Oil]] # [[simple:Fire|Fire]] # [[simple:Renewable energy sources|Renewable energy sources]] ## [[simple:Solar|Solar]] ## [[simple:Hydro|Hydro]] ## [[simple:Wind|Wind]] ## [[simple:Waves|Waves]] ## [[simple:Wood|Wood]] # [[simple:Steam engine|Steam engine]] === Materials === # [[simple:Glass|Glass]] # [[simple:Paper|Paper]] # [[simple:Plastic|Plastic]] === Transportation === # [[simple:Transportation|Transportation]] ## [[simple:Airplane|Airplane]] ## [[simple:Car|Car]] ## [[simple:Bicycle|Bicycle]] ## [[simple:Boat|Boat]] ## [[simple:Ship|Ship]] ## [[simple:Train|Train]] === Weapons === # [[simple:Axe|Axe]] # [[simple:Explosives|Explosives]] # [[simple:Firearms|Firearms]] # [[simple:Gunpowder|Gunpowder]] # [[simple:Machine gun|Machine gun]] # [[simple:Martial arts|Martial arts]] # [[simple:Nuclear weapons|Nuclear weapons]] # [[simple:Sword|Sword]] # [[simple:Tank|Tank]] == Industry == # Manufacturing # Mining # Refining == Foodstuffs == # Barley # [[simple:Bread|Bread]] # [[simple:Cheese|Cheese]] # Chocolate # Cotton # Honey # [[simple:Fruit|Fruit]] ## [[simple:Apple|Apple]] ## [[simple:Banana|Banana]] ## Grape ## [[simple:Lemon|Lemon]] ## [[simple:Orange|Orange]] # Maize # Oats # [[simple:Potato|Potato]] # Rice # Sorghum # Soya bean # Sugar # Tobacco # Vegetable # Wheat === Beverages === # [[simple:Alcohol|Alcohol]] ## [[simple:Beer|Beer]] ## [[simple:Wine|Wine]] # Cola # Coffee # Tea # [[simple:Water|Water]] # [[simple:Milk|Milk]] == Language == # [[simple:Language|Language]] # Dialect # [[simple:Grammar|Grammar]] # [[simple:Linguistics|Linguistics]] # [[simple:Pronunciation|Pronunciation]] # [[simple:Syntax|Syntax]] # [[simple:Word|Word]] # (article about the language specific to that Wikipedia) # [[simple:Arabic|Arabic]] # [[simple:Bengali|Bengali]] # [[simple:English|English]] # [[simple:Esperanto|Esperanto]] # [[simple:French|French]] # [[simple:German|German]] # [[:simple:Greek|Greek]] # [[simple:Hebrew|Hebrew]] # [[simple:Hindi|Hindi]] # [[:simple:Japanese language|Japanese]] # [[:simple:Latin|Latin]] # [[simple:Russian|Russian]] # [[simple:Sanskrit|Sanskrit]] # [[:simple:Spanish|Spanish]] # Mandarin Chinese (Putonghua)  # Tamil # Turkish  == Mathematics == # [[simple:Mathematics|Mathematics]] # [[Simple:Algebra|Algebra]] # [[simple:Axiom|Axiom]] # [[Simple:Calculus|Calculus]] ## [[simple:Integration|Integration]] ## [[simple:Differentiation|Differentiation]] # [[Simple:Geometry|Geometry]] ## [[Simple:Circle|Circle]] ### [[Simple:Pi|Pi]] ## [[Simple:Square|Square]] ## [[Simple:Triangle|Triangle]] # Group theory # Mathematical logic # Mathematical proof ## Proof by deduction ## Proof by induction ## Proof by contradiction # [[simple:Number|Number]] ## Complex number ## [[simple:Integer|Integer]] ## Natural number ## [[simple:Prime number|Prime number]] ## Rational number # [[simple:Infinity|Infinity]] # Set theory # [[simple:Statistics|Statistics]] # [[simple:Trigonometry|Trigonometry]] == Military == # Army ## Artillery ##Cavalry ## Infantry # Navy # Airforce == Sports and games == # [[simple:Sports|Sports]] ## [[simple:Olympics|Olympics]] ## [[simple:Football World Cup|Football World Cup]] ## [[simple:Athletics|Athletics]] ## [[simple:Badminton|Badminton]] ## [[simple:Baseball|Baseball]] ## [[simple:Basketball|Basketball]] ## [[simple:Cricket|Cricket]] ## [[simple:Fencing|Fencing]] ## [[simple:Ice hockey|Ice hockey]] ## [[simple:Judo|Judo]] ## [[simple:Motor racing|Motor racing]] ## [[simple:Rugby|Rugby]] ## [[simple:Soccer|Soccer]] ## [[simple:Tennis|Tennis]] ## [[simple:Volleyball|Volleyball]] ## [[simple:Waterpolo|Waterpolo]] ## [[simple:Wrestling|Wrestling]] # [[simple:Games|Games]] ## [[simple:Backgammon|Backgammon]] ## [[simple:Checkers|Checkers]] ## [[simple:Chess|Chess]] ## [[simple:Go|Go]] ## [[simple:Mancala|Mancala]] # [[simple:Gambling|Gambling]] :''If you support this effort, please add to the list. We can then decide what the basic sentences can be for each article.'' [[Category:Proposals]] [[Category:Multilingualism]] 4810 2006-01-06T01:52:34Z 131.215.155.218 A little de-interwikifying There are a growing number of Wikipedia projects, some very active, and others quite moribund. I propose that we invigorate them, and ensure that they each contain a minimum of information that will be of use to users. This way, people will be encouraged to use these projects and help in their growth. I therefore suggest that we make a list of 1,000 basic articles that we should try to encourage to appear on every existing Wikipedia. : It still remains to define how detailed these 'articles' should be; or better yet, the list should include both significant articles (primary elements) and secondary topics/articles, which should either get short paragraph-length stubs, or be covered by a longer article. These articles should be very basic, and incorporate the most essential information. In some cases, it will be only a table, while in other cases, it will be a stub. This will, however, provide some impetus for the smaller projects to grow. This project hopes to create easily translatable versions of these articles, containing core information at [[simple:Wikipedia:List of articles all languages should have]]. :''If you support this effort, please add to the list.'' == How to use this list == There are several different ways to use this list. The first is to translate it into the language of your Wikipedia and see whether you have articles on all of these topics. The topics will eventually all be linked to articles in the Simple English Wikipedia. If you are missing an article, or if you are starting out with a new language, you may want to translate these basic articles. You can also check the language links in the Simple English articles for more comprehensive coverage of the topics in many other languages. == Biography == At least two paragraphes on 100 key historical figures  === Actors === # [[Clara Bow]] # [[Marlon Brando]] # [[Charlie Chaplin]] # [[Joan Crawford]] # [[James Dean]] # [[Douglas Fairbanks]] # [[Greta Garbo]] # [[Jean Harlow]] # [[Carole Lombard]] # [[Marilyn Monroe]] # [[Jack Pickford]] # [[Norma Shearer]] # [[Gloria Swanson]] # [[John Wayne]] === Artists === # [[:simple:Michelangelo Buonarroti|Michelangelo Buonarroti]] # [[:simple:Paul Cézanne|Paul Cézanne]] # [[:simple:Vincent van Gogh|Vincent van Gogh]] # [[:simple:Katsushika Hokusai|Katsushika Hokusai]] # [[:simple:Frida Kahlo|Frida Kahlo]] # [[:simple:Claude Monet|Claude Monet]] # [[:simple:Georgia O'Keefe|Georgia O'Keefe]] # [[:simple:Pablo Picasso|Pablo Picasso]] # [[:simple:Jackson Pollock|Jackson Pollock]] # [[:simple:Nicolas Poussin|Nicolas Poussin]] # [[:simple:Rembrandt van Rijn|Rembrandt van Rijn]] # [[:simple:Auguste Rodin|Auguste Rodin]] # [[:simple:Rafael Sancho|Rafael Sancho]] # [[:simple:Andy Warhol|Andy Warhol]] === Authors, playwrights and poets ===  # [[:simple:Dante Alighieri|Dante Alighieri]] # [[:simple:Hans Christian Andersen|Hans Christian Andersen]] # [[:simple:Aristophanes|Aristophanes]] # [[:simple:Isaac Asimov|Isaac Asimov]] # [[:simple:Jane Austen|Jane Austen]] # [[:simple:Bertolt Brecht|Bertolt Brecht]] # [[:simple:Lord Byron|Lord Byron]] # [[:simple:Miguel de Cervantes|Miguel de Cervantes]] # [[:simple:Anton Chekhov|Anton Chekhov]] # [[:simple:Emily Dickinson|Emily Dickinson]] # [[:simple:Fyodor Dostoevsky|Fyodor Dostoevsky]] # [[:simple:Arthur Conan Doyle|Arthur Conan Doyle]] # [[:simple:Alexandre Dumas|Alexandre Dumas]] # [[:simple:F. Scott Fitzgerald|F. Scott Fitzgerald]] # [[:simple:Grimm Brothers|Grimm Brothers]] # [[:simple:Dashiell Hammett|Dashiell Hammett]] # [[:simple:Nathaniel Hawthorne|Nathaniel Hawthorne]] # [[:simple:Ernest Hemingway|Ernest Hemingway]] # [[:simple:Hildegard of Bingen|Hildegard of Bingen]] # [[:simple:Homer|Homer]] # [[:simple:Victor Hugo|Victor Hugo]] # [[:simple:Langston Hughes|Langston Hughes]] # [[:simple:Henrik Ibsen|Henrik Ibsen]] # [[:simple:James Joyce|James Joyce]] # [[:simple:Franz Kafka|Franz Kafka]] # [[:simple:Astrid Lindgren|Astrid Lindgren]] # [[:simple:Thomas Mann|Thomas Mann]] # [[:simple:Edna St. Vincent Millay|Edna St. Vincent Millay]] # [[:simple:Arthur Miller|Arthur Miller]] # [[:simple:Moliere|Moliere]] # [[:simple:Pablo Neruda|Pablo Neruda]] # [[:simple:Sylvia Plath|Sylvia Plath]] # [[:simple:Edgar Allan Poe|Edgar Allan Poe]] # [[:simple:Marcel Proust|Marcel Proust]] # [[:simple:Alexandr Pushkin|Alexandr Pushkin]] # [[:simple:Rainer Maria Rilke|Rainer Maria Rilke]] # [[:simple:Carl Sandburg|Carl Sandburg]] # [[:simple:Sappho|Sappho]] # [[:simple:Jean-Paul Sartre|Jean-Paul Sartre]] # [[:simple:William Shakespeare|William Shakespeare]] # [[:simple:George Bernard Shaw|George Bernard Shaw]] # [[:simple:Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley|Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley]] # [[:simple:Murasaki Shikibu|Murasaki Shikibu]] # [[:simple:Sophocles|Sophocles]] # [[:simple:Robert Louis Stevenson|Robert Louis Stevenson]] # [[:simple:JRR Tolkien|JRR Tolkien]] # [[:simple:Leo Tolstoy|Leo Tolstoy]] # [[:simple:Mark Twain|Mark Twain]] # [[:simple:Jules Verne|Jules Verne]] # [[:simple:Virgil|Virgil]] # [[:simple:H. G. Wells|H. G. Wells]] # [[:simple:Walt Whitman|Walt Whitman]] # [[:simple:Oscar Wilde|Oscar Wilde]] # [[:simple:WB Yeats|WB Yeats]] === Composers and musicians === # [[:simple:Johann Sebastian Bach|Johann Sebastian Bach]] # [[:simple:The Beatles|The Beatles]] # [[:simple:Ludwig van Beethoven|Ludwig van Beethoven]] # [[:simple:Fryderyk Chopin|Fryderyk Chopin]] # [[:simple:Antonín Dvořák|Antonín Dvořák]] # [[:simple:Aretha Franklin|Aretha Franklin]] # [[:simple:Gustav Mahler|Gustav Mahler]] # [[:simple:Claudio Monteverdi|Claudio Monteverdi]] # [[:simple:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] # [[:simple:Elvis Presley|Elvis Presley]] # [[:simple:The Rolling Stones|The Rolling Stones]] # [[:simple:Richard Wagner|Richard Wagner]] === Explorers === # [[simple:Roald Amundsen|Roald Amundsen]] # [[simple:Willem Barentz|Willem Barentz]] # [[simple:Vitus Bering|Vitus Bering]] # [[simple:Jacques Cartier|Jacques Cartier]] # [[simple:Christopher Columbus|Christopher Columbus]] # [[simple:James Cook|James Cook]] # [[simple:Hernán Cortés|Hernán Cortés]] # [[simple:Francis Drake|Francis Drake]] # [[simple:Leif Ericsson|Leif Ericsson]] # [[simple:Vasco da Gama|Vasco da Gama]] # [[simple:Edmund Hilary|Edmund Hillary]] # [[simple:Tenzing Norgay|Tenzing Norgay]] # [[simple:Ferdinand Magellan|Ferdinand Magellan]] # [[simple:Marco Polo|Marco Polo]] # [[simple:Abel Tasman|Abel Tasman]] # [[simple:Zheng He|Zheng He]] === Film directors and screenwriters === # [[simple:Dorothy Arzner|Dorothy Arzner]] # [[simple:Ingmar Bergman|Ingmar Bergman]] # [[simple:Michael Curtiz|Michael Curtiz]] # [[simple:Cecil B. DeMille|Cecil B. DeMille]] # [[simple:Walt Disney|Walt Disney]] # [[simple:Sergei Eisenstein|Sergei Eisenstein]] # [[simple:John Ford|John Ford]] # [[simple:D. W. Griffith|D. W. Griffith]] # [[simple:Howard Hawks|Howard Hawks]] # [[simple:Alfred Hitchcock|Alfred Hitchcock]] # [[simple:Akira Kurosawa|Akira Kurosawa]] # [[simple:Fritz Lang|Fritz Lang]] # [[simple:Mitchell Leisen|Mitchell Leisen]] # [[simple:George Lucas|George Lucas]] # [[simple:Frances Marion|Frances Marion]] # [[simple:Jean Renoir|Jean Renoir]] # [[simple:Leni Riefenstahl|Leni Riefenstahl]] # [[simple:Martin Scorsese|Martin Scorsese]] # [[simple:Steven Spielberg|Steven Spielberg]] === Inventors, scientists and mathematicians === # [[simple:Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Musa al-Khwarizmi|Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Musa al-Khwarizmi]] # [[simple:Archimedes|Archimedes]] # [[simple:John Logie Baird|John Logie Baird]] # [[simple:Alexander Graham Bell|Alexander Graham Bell]] # [[simple:Carl Benz|Carl Benz]] # [[simple:Tim Berners-Lee|Tim Berners-Lee]] # [[simple:Niels Bohr|Niels Bohr]] # [[simple:Tycho Brahe|Tycho Brahe]] # [[simple:Rachel Carson|Rachel Carson]] # [[simple:Nicolaus Copernicus|Nicolaus Copernicus]] # [[simple:Marie Curie|Marie Curie]] ([[simple:Maria Skłodowska-Curie|Maria Skłodowska-Curie]]) # [[simple:Charles Darwin|Charles Darwin]] # [[simple:Albert Einstein|Albert Einstein]] ([[List_of_articles_all_languages_should_have/Albert_Einstein|see current status]], [http://meta.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Template:AlbertEinstein&action=edit edit current status]) # [[simple:Thomas Alva Edison|Thomas Alva Edison]] # [[simple:Leonhard Euler|Leonhard Euler]] # [[simple:Enrico Fermi|Enrico Fermi]] # [[simple:Richard Feynman|Richard Feynman]] # [[simple:Alexander Fleming|Alexander Fleming]] # [[simple:Henry Ford|Henry Ford]] # [[simple:Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier|Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier]] # [[simple:Sigmund Freud|Sigmund Freud]] # [[simple:Buckminster Fuller|Buckminster Fuller]] # [[simple:Kazimierz Funk|Kazimierz Funk]] # [[simple:Galileo Galilei|Galileo Galilei]] # [[simple:Bill Gates|Bill Gates]] # [[simple:Karl Friedrich Gauss|Karl Friedrich Gauss]] # [[simple:Kurt Gödel|Kurt Gödel]] # [[simple:Johann Gutenberg|Johann Gutenberg]] # [[simple:David Hilbert|David Hilbert]] # [[simple:Huygens|Huygens]] # [[simple:Hypatia|Hypatia]] # [[simple:Edward Jenner|Edward Jenner]] # [[simple:Steve Jobs|Steve Jobs]] # [[simple:Johannes Kepler|Johannes Kepler]] # [[simple:John Maynard Keynes|John Maynard Keynes]] # [[simple:Donald Knuth|Donald Knuth]] # [[simple:Pierre-Simon Laplace|Pierre-Simon Laplace]] # [[simple:Gottfried Leibniz|Gottfried Leibniz]] # [[simple:Carolus Linnaeus|Carolus Linnaeus]] # [[simple:Ignacy Łukasiewicz|Ignacy Łukasiewicz]] # [[simple:James Clerk Maxwell|James Clerk Maxwell]] # [[simple:Isaac Newton|Isaac Newton]] # [[simple:Alfred Nobel|Alfred Nobel]] # [[simple:Hans Christian Oersted|Hans Christian Oersted]] # [[simple:Louis Pasteur|Louis Pasteur]] # [[simple:Dennis Ritchie|Dennis Ritchie]] # [[simple:Ole Christensen Roemer|Ole Christensen Roemer]] # [[simple:Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen|Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen]] # [[simple:Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann|Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann]] # [[simple:Ernest Rutherford|Ernest Rutherford]] # [[simple:Richard Stallman|Richard Stallman]] # [[simple:Nikola Tesla|Nikola Tesla]] # [[simple:Thales|Thales]] # [[simple:Linus Torvalds|Linus Torvalds]] # [[simple:Alan Turing|Alan Turing]] # [[simple:Leonardo Da Vinci|Leonardo Da Vinci]] # [[simple:Wright Brothers|The Wright Brothers]] === Social scientists (philosophers, economists, historians and thinkers) === # [[simple:Thomas Aquinas|Thomas Aquinas]] # [[simple:Aristotle|Aristotle]] # [[simple:Augustinus|Augustinus]] # [[simple:Averroes|Averroes]] # [[simple:Matsuo Basho|Matsuo Basho]] # [[simple:Simone de Beauvoir|Simone de Beauvoir]] # [[simple:Confucius|Confucius]] # [[simple:Rene Descartes|Rene Descartes]] # [[simple:Ralph Waldo Emerson|Ralph Waldo Emerson]] # [[simple:Edward Gibbon|Edward Gibbon]] # [[simple:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe|Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] # [[simple:Germaine Greer|Germaine Greer]] # [[simple:Herodotus|Herodotus]] # [[simple:Hippocrates|Hippocrates]] # [[simple:Immanuel Kant|Immanuel Kant]] # [[simple:Lao Tzu|Lao Tzu]] # [[simple:Li Po|Li Po]] # [[simple:Martin Luther|Martin Luther]] # [[simple:Rosa Luxemburg|Rosa Luxemburg]] # [[simple:Soeren Kierkegaard|Soeren Kierkegaard]] # [[simple:Martin Luther King, Jr.|Martin Luther King, Jr.]] # [[simple:Karl Marx|Karl Marx]] # [[simple:Nagarjuna|Nagarjuna]] # [[simple:Friedrich Nietzsche|Friedrich Nietzsche]] # [[simple:Tom Paine|Tom Paine]] # [[simple:Plato|Plato]] # [[simple:Pythagoras|Pythagoras]] # [[simple:Sima Qian|Sima Qian]] # [[simple:Jean-Jacques Rousseau|Jean-Jacques Rousseau]] # [[simple:Bertrand Russell|Bertrand Russell]] # [[simple:Adam Smith|Adam Smith]] # [[simple:Socrates|Socrates]] # [[simple:Sun Tzu|Sun Tzu]] # [[simple:Tu Fu|Tu Fu]] # [[simple:Voltaire|Voltaire]] # [[simple:Mary Wollstonecraft|Mary Wollstonecraft]] # [[simple:Zeami|Zeami]] === Politicans, leaders and aristocrats === # [[simple:Akbar the Great|Akbar the Great]] # [[simple:Alexander the Great|Alexander the Great]] # [[simple:Kofi Annan|Kofi Annan]] # [[simple:Kemal Atatürk|Kemal Atatürk]] # [[simple:Attila the Hun|Attila the Hun]] # [[simple:Caesar Augustus|Caesar Augustus]] # [[simple:Hastings Kamuzu Banda|Hastings Kamuzu Banda]] # [[simple:Pope Benedict XVI|Pope Benedict XVI]] # [[simple:Silvio Berlusconi|Silvio Berlusconi]] # [[simple:Otto von Bismarck|Otto von Bismarck]] # [[simple:Tony Blair|Tony Blair]] # [[simple:Simón Bolívar|Simón Bolívar]] # [[simple:Napoléon Bonaparte|Napoléon Bonaparte]] # [[simple:Lucrezia Borgia|Lucrezia Borgia]] # [[simple:Gro Harlem Brundtland|Gro Harlem Brundtland]] # [[simple:George W. Bush|George W. Bush]] # [[simple:Fidel Castro|Fidel Castro]] # [[simple:Catherine the Great|Catherine the Great]], Empress of Russia # [[simple:Charlemagne|Charlemagne]] # [[simple:Cixi|Cixi]] (Tse Hsi, Tz'u-hsi) (The Dowager Empress of China, 1835 - 1908) # [[simple:Jacques Chirac|Jacques Chirac]] # [[simple:Winston Churchill|Winston Churchill]] # [[simple:Cleopatra|Cleopatra]] # [[simple:Princess Diana Spencer|Princess Diana Spencer]] # [[simple:Indira Gandhi|Indira Gandhi]] # [[simple:Constantine the Great|Constantine the Great]] # [[simple:Queen Elizabeth I|Queen Elizabeth I]] (of England) # [[simple:Queen Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] (of England) # [[simple:Franz Ferdinand|Franz Ferdinand]] # [[simple:Charles de Gaulle|Charles de Gaulle]] # [[simple:Mikhail Gorbachev|Mikhail Gorbachev]] # [[simple:Hammurabi|Hammurabi]] # [[simple:Hannibal|Hannibal]] # [[simple:Hirohito, Emperor of Japan|Hirohito, Emperor of Japan]] # [[simple:Adolf Hitler|Adolf Hitler]] # [[simple:Thomas Jefferson|Thomas Jefferson]] # [[simple:Pope John Paul II|Pope John Paul II]] # [[simple:Julius Caesar|Julius Caesar]] # [[simple:Kaahumanu|Kaahumanu]] # [[simple:Genghis Khan|Genghis Khan]] # [[simple:Lenin|Vladimir Ilyich Lenin]] # [[simple:Queen Liliuokalani|Queen Liliuokalani]] # [[simple:Abraham Lincoln|Abraham Lincoln]] # [[simple:Makeda|Makeda]], Queen of Sheba (Ethiopia) # [[simple:Nelson Mandela|Nelson Mandela]] # [[simple:Mao Tse-tung|Mao Tse-tung (Mao Zedong)]] # [[simple:Maria Theresa of Austria|Maria Theresa of Austria]] (Holy Roman Empress) # [[simple:Queen Mary I of Scotland|Queen Mary I of Scotland]] # [[simple:Catherine de' Medici|Catherine de' Medici]] # [[simple:Golda Meir|Golda Meir]] # [[simple:Mahathir bin Mohamad|Mahathir bin Mohamad]] # [[simple:Benito Mussolini|Benito Mussolini]] # [[simple:Nefertiti|Nefertiti]] # [[simple:Kwame Nkrumah|Kwame Nkrumah]] # [[simple:Eva Perón|Eva Perón]] # [[simple:Peter the Great (of Russia)|Peter the Great]] # [[simple:Józef Piłsudski|Józef Piłsudski]] # [[simple:Pol Pot|Pol Pot]] # [[simple:Vladimir Putin|Vladimir Putin]] # [[simple:Qin Shi Huang|Qin Shi Huang]] # [[simple:Eleanor Roosevelt|Eleanor Roosevelt]] # [[simple:Franklin Delano Roosevelt|Franklin Delano Roosevelt]] # [[simple:Saladin|Saladin]] # [[simple:Gerhard Schröder|Gerhard Schröder]] # [[simple:Semiramis|Semiramis]], Queen of Assyria # [[simple:Shaka Zulu|Shaka Zulu]] # [[simple:Sitting Bull|Sitting Bull]] # [[simple:Josef Stalin|Josef Stalin]] # [[simple:Tamerlane|Tamerlane]] # [[simple:Margaret Thatcher|Margaret Thatcher]] # [[simple:Leo Trotsky|Leo Trotsky]] # [[simple:Harry Truman|Harry Truman]] # [[simple:Queen Victoria|Queen Victoria]] (of the United Kingdom) # [[simple:Lech Wałęsa|Lech Wałęsa]] # [[simple:George Washington|George Washington]] # [[simple:Emperor Wilhelm II (Germany)|Emperor Wilhelm II]] # [[simple:Lee Kuan Yew|Lee Kuan Yew]] === Revolutionaries and activists === # [[simple:Joan of Arc|Joan of Arc]] # [[simple:Mohandas Gandhi|Mohandas Gandhi]] # [[simple:Emma Goldman|Emma Goldman]] # [[simple:Che Guevara|Ernesto "Che" Guevara]] # [[simple:Mary Harris|Mary Harris]] (Mother Jones) # [[simple:Helen Keller|Helen Keller]] # [[simple:Osama bin Laden|Osama bin Laden]] # [[simple:Florence Nightingale|Florence Nightingale]] # [[simple:Rosa Parks|Rosa Parks]] # [[simple:Emilia Plater|Emilia Plater]] # [[simple:Gavrilo Princip|Gavrilo Princip]] # [[simple:Mother Teresa of Calcutta|Mother Teresa of Calcutta]] # [[simple:Sojourner Truth|Sojourner Truth]] # [[simple:Harriet Tubman|Harriet Tubman]] == History == At least five sentences on: === Prehistory and ancient world === # [[simple:Ancient Egypt|Ancient Egypt]] # [[simple:Archaeology|Archaeology]] # [[simple:Bronze Age|Bronze Age]] # [[simple:Byzantine Empire|Byzantine Empire]] # [[simple:Classical Greece|Classical Greece]] # [[simple:Dinosaur|Dinosaur]] # [[simple:Human evolution|Human evolution]] # [[simple:Inca|Inca]] ## and other Andes cultures # [[simple:Iron Age|Iron Age]] # [[simple:Macedonian Empire|Macedonian Empire]] # [[simple:Mesoamerica|Mesoamerica]] # [[simple:Prehistory|Prehistory]] # [[simple:Roman Empire|Roman Empire]] # [[simple:Seljuk Empire|Seljuk Empire]] # [[simple:Stone Age|Stone Age]] # [[simple:Sumer|Sumer]] === Middle Ages and Renaissance === # [[simple:Age of Enlightenment|Age of Enlightenment]] # [[simple:American War of Independece|American War of Independece]] # [[simple:Black Death|Black Death]] # [[simple:British Empire|British Empire]] # [[simple:Colonization of North-east America|Colonization of North-east America]] # [[simple:Colonization of South America|Colonization of South America]] # [[simple:Counter-Reformation|Counter-Reformation]] # [[simple:Crusades|Crusades]] # [[simple:Discovery of the Americas|Discovery of the Americas]] # [[simple:Dutch Revolt|Dutch Revolt]] # [[simple:English Civil War|English Civil War]] # [[simple:French Revolution|French Revolution]] # [[simple:The Great Schism|The Great Schism]] # [[simple:Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation|Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation]] # [[simple:Middle Ages|Middle Ages]] # [[simple:Napoleonic Wars|Napoleonic Wars]] # [[simple:Ottoman Empire|Ottoman Empire]] # [[simple:Partitions of Poland|Partitions of Poland]] # [[simple:Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth|Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth]] # [[simple:Reformation |Reformation ]] # [[simple:Renaissance|Renaissance]] # [[simple:Spanish Inquisition|Spanish Inquisition]] # [[simple:Vikings|Vikings]] ===Industrial age=== # [[simple:1973 oil crisis|1973 oil crisis]] # [[simple:Afghan-Soviet War|Afghan-Soviet War]] # [[simple:American Civil War|American Civil War]] # [[simple:Apartheid|Apartheid]] # [[simple:Cold War|Cold War]] # [[simple:Decolonization|Decolonization]] # [[simple:Establishment of the State of Israel|Establishment of the State of Israel]] # [[simple:Industrial Revolution|Industrial Revolution]] # [[simple:Franco-Prussian War|Franco-Prussian War]] # [[simple:German unification|German unification]] # Gulf wars # [[simple:Great Depression|Great Depression]] # [[simple:The Holocaust|The Holocaust]] # [[simple:Iranian Revolution|Iranian Revolution]] # [[simple:Italian unification|Italian unification]] # [[simple:Korean War|Korean War]] # [[simple:Meiji Restoration|Meiji Restoration]] # [[simple:Nazi Germany|Nazi Germany]] # Outer space exploration (Sputnik, Apollo programs, shuttles) # [[simple:Perestroika and dissolution of the Soviet Union|Perestroika and dissolution of the Soviet Union]] # [[simple:Polish-Soviet War|Polish-Soviet War]] # [[simple:Reunification of Germany|Reunification of Germany]] # [[simple:Russian Civil War|Russian Civil War]] # [[simple:Russian February Revolution|Russian February Revolution]] # [[simple:Bolshevik Revolution |Bolshevik Revolution ]] # [[simple:Solidarity in Poland |Solidarity in Poland ]] # [[simple:Spanish Civil War|Spanish Civil War]] # [[simple:The Scramble for Africa|The Scramble for Africa]] # [[simple:Treaty of Versailles|Treaty of Versailles]] # [[simple:Vietnam War|Vietnam War]] # [[simple:World War I|World War I]] # [[simple:World War II|World War II]] # [[simple:Han Dynasty|Han Dynasty]] # [[simple:Tang Dynasty|Tang Dynasty]] # [[simple:Sung Dynasty|Sung Dynasty]] # [[simple:Yuan Dynasty|Yuan Dynasty]] # [[simple:Qing Dynasty|Qing Dynasty]] # [[simple:Ming Dynasty|Ming Dynasty]] == Geography == # Earth science # Capital # City # Continent # Desert # Ocean # Rain forest # [[simple:River|River]] # Sea # North Pole # South Pole === Continents and major regions === At least three sentences on each of the continents # [[simple:Africa|Africa]] # [[simple:Antarctica|Antarctica]] # [[simple:Asia|Asia]] # [[simple:Europe|Europe]] # Latin America # Middle East # [[simple:North America|North America]] # [[simple:Oceania|Oceania]] # [[simple:South America|South America]] === Countries === # One sentence and the table on all countries in this list (203 articles): [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries] === Major cities === Cities with historical, economical, political and/or religious importance and significance # [[simple:Athens |Athens ]] # [[simple:Bangkok|Bangkok]] # [[simple:Barcelona|Barcelona]] # [[simple:Beijing|Beijing]] # [[simple:Belgrade|Belgrade]] # [[simple:Berlin|Berlin]] # [[simple:Bombay|Bombay]] # [[simple:Brussels|Brussels]] # [[simple:Cairo|Cairo]] # [[simple:Copenhagen|Copenhagen]] # [[simple:Edinburgh|Edinburgh]] # [[simple:Frankfurt|Frankfurt]] # [[simple:Hanoi|Hanoi]] # [[simple:Hong Kong|Hong Kong]] # [[simple:Istanbul|Istanbul]] # [[simple:Jakarta|Jakarta]] # [[simple:Jerusalem|Jerusalem]] # [[simple:London|London]] # [[simple:Manila|Manila]] # [[simple:Madrid|Madrid]] # [[simple:Mecca|Mecca]] # [[simple:Mexico City|Mexico City]] # [[simple:Moscow|Moscow]] # [[simple:Munich|Munich]] (München) # [[simple:Nairobi|Nairobi]] # [[simple:New Delhi|New Delhi]] # [[simple:New York|New York]] # [[simple:Paris|Paris]] # [[simple:Rio de Janeiro|Rio de Janeiro]] # [[simple:Rome|Rome]] # [[simple:Shanghai|Shanghai]] # [[simple:Singapore|Singapore]] # [[simple:St. Petersburg|St. Petersburg]] # [[simple:Stockholm|Stockholm]] # [[simple:Sydney|Sydney]] # [[simple:Taipei|Taipei]] # [[simple:Tokyo|Tokyo]] # [[simple:Toronto|Toronto]] # [[simple:Vienna|Vienna]] # [[simple:Warsaw|Warsaw]] # [[simple:Washington, D.C.|Washington, D.C.]] === Bodies of water === # Amazon River # Aral Sea # Arctic Ocean # [[simple:Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] # Baltic Sea # Black Sea # Caspian Sea # Dead Sea # Great Barrier Reef # Great Lakes # [[simple:Indian Ocean|Indian Ocean]] # Lake Baikal # Lake Tanganyika # Lake Titicaca # Lake Victoria # Mediterranean Sea # [[simple:Mississippi River|Mississippi River]] # Niagara falls # Nile River # North Sea # [[simple:Pacific Ocean|Pacific Ocean]] # Panama Canal # Suez Canal # [[simple:Southern Ocean|Southern Ocean]] === Mountains, valleys and deserts === # Alps # Andes # Great Rift Valley # Himalayas # Kilimanjaro # Mount Everest # Rocky Mountains # [[simple:Sahara Desert|Sahara Desert]] === Disasters === # [[simple:Avalanche|Avalanche]] # [[simple:Earthquake|Earthquake]] # [[simple:Flood|Flood]] # [[simple:Hurricane|Hurricane]] # [[simple:Nuclear meltdown|Nuclear meltdown]] # [[simple:Tsunami|Tsunami]] # [[simple:Volcano|Volcano]] == Government and politics == # [[simple:Anarchism|Anarchism]] # [[simple:Anarchy|Anarchy]] # [[simple:Capitalism|Capitalism]] # [[simple:Communism|Communism]] # [[simple:Democracy|Democracy]] # [[simple:Dictatorship|Dictatorship]] # [[simple:Fascism|Fascism]] # [[simple:Globalisation|Globalisation]] # [[simple:Imperialism|Imperialism]] # [[simple:Liberalism|Liberalism]] # [[simple:Monarchy|Monarchy]] # [[simple:Nationalism|Nationalism]] # [[simple:Racism|Racism]] # [[simple:Republic|Republic]] # [[simple:Socialism|Socialism]] # [[simple:Separation of powers|Separation of powers]] ## [[simple:Judiciary|Judiciary]] ## [[simple:Legislature|Legislature]] ## [[simple:Executive|Executive]] # [[simple:Political party|Political party]] # [[simple:Theocracy|Theocracy]] === Economics === # [[simple:Economics|Economics]] # [[simple:Money|Money]] # [[simple:Supply and demand|Supply and demand]] # [[simple:Market|Market]] # [[simple:Capital|Capital]] # [[simple:Microeconomics|Microeconomics]] # [[simple:Macroeconomics|Macroeconomics]] ==== Currency ==== # [[simple:American dollar|American dollar]] # [[simple:British pound|British pound]] # [[simple:Euro|Euro]] # [[simple:Renminbi|Renminbi]] # [[simple:Rupee|Rupee]] # [[simple:Yen|Yen]] === Legal documents === # [[simple:Communist Manifesto|Communist Manifesto]] # [[simple:Constitution|Constitution]] # [[simple:Law|Law]] # [[simple:Magna Carta|Magna Carta]] # [[simple:Leviathan|Leviathan]] # [[simple:Republic|Republic]] === International organizations === # [[simple:African Union|African Union]] # [[simple:ASEAN|ASEAN]] # [[simple:Arab League|Arab League]] # [[simple:Antiglobalization|Antiglobalization]] # [[simple:Commonwealth of Independent States|Commonwealth of Independent States]] # [[simple:Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth of Nations]] # [[simple:Council of Europe|Council of Europe]] ## [[simple:European Court of Human Rights|European Court of Human Rights]] ## [[simple:European Convention on Human Rights|European Convention on Human Rights]] # [[simple:Diplomacy|Diplomacy]] # [[simple:European Union|European Union]] # [[simple:Freedom|Freedom]] # [[simple:Geneva Conventions|Geneva Conventions]] ## [[simple:Red Cross/Red Crescent/Red Crystal|Red Cross/Red Crescent/Red Crystal]] # [[simple:Globalization|Globalization]] # [[simple:Interpol|Interpol]] # [[simple:NATO|NATO]] # [[simple:Nobel Prize|Nobel Prize]] # [[simple:OECD|OECD]] # [[simple:OSCE|OSCE]] # [[simple:Olympic Games, preferably with a mention of the Paralympics|Olympic Games, preferably with a mention of the Paralympics]] # [[simple:OPEC|OPEC]] # [[simple:Organization of American States|Organization of American States]] # [[simple:United Nations|United Nations]] ## [[simple:IAEA|IAEA]] ## [[simple:IMF|IMF]] ## [[simple:International Criminal Court|International Criminal Court]] ## [[simple:International Court of Justice|International Court of Justice]] ## [[simple:WHO|WHO]] ## [[simple:WTO|WTO]] ## [[simple:UNICEF|UNICEF]] ## [[simple:UNESCO|UNESCO]] ## [[simple:Universal Declaration of Human Rights|Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] ## [[simple:World Bank|World Bank]] # [[simple:World Peace|World Peace]] === Human issues === # [[simple:Abortion|Abortion]] # [[simple:Birth control|Birth control]] # [[simple:Capital punishment|Capital punishment]] # [[simple:Human rights|Human rights]] # [[simple:Racism|Racism]] # [[simple:Sexism|Sexism]] # [[simple:Sexuality|Sexuality]] # [[simple:Slavery|Slavery]] == Philosophy == # [[simple:Philosophy|Philosophy]] # [[simple:Eastern philosophy|Eastern philosophy]] # [[simple:Western philosophy|Western philosophy]] # [[simple:Scientific method|Scientific method]] # [[simple:Beauty|Beauty]] # [[simple:Ethics|Ethics]] # [[simple:Existence|Existence]] # [[simple:Experience|Experience]] # [[simple:Feminism|Feminism]] # [[simple:Humanism|Humanism]] # [[simple:Knowledge|Knowledge]] # [[simple:Moral (or Morality)|Moral (or Morality)]] # [[simple:Logic|Logic]] # [[simple:Truth|Truth]] == Religion and spirituality == # [[simple:Religion|Religion]] At least a five-sentence introduction to the religions: # [[simple:Astrology|Astrology]] # [[simple:Baha'i |Baha'i ]] ## [[simple:Báb|Báb]] ## [[simple:Bahá'u'lláh|Bahá'u'lláh]] # [[simple:Buddhism |Buddhism ]] ## [[simple:Gautama Buddha|Gautama Buddha]] # [[simple:Christianity |Christianity ]] ## [[simple:Church|Church]] ## [[simple:Jehovah|Jehovah]] ## [[simple:Jehovah's Witnesses|Jehovah's Witnesses]] ## [[simple:Jesus|Jesus]] ## [[simple:Pope|Pope]] ## [[simple:Protestantism|Protestantism]] ## [[simple:Trinity|Trinity]] # [[simple:Confucianism |Confucianism ]] # [[simple:God|God]] ## [[simple:Monotheism|Monotheism]] # [[simple:Hinduism |Hinduism ]] ## [[simple:Brahma|Brahma]] ## [[simple:Vishnu|Vishnu]] ## [[simple:Siva|Siva]] # [[simple:Islam |Islam ]] ## [[simple:Ali|Ali]] ## [[simple:Mosque|Mosque]] ## [[simple:Muhammad|Muhammad]] ## [[simple:Omar|Omar]] ## [[simple:Sufism|Sufism]] # [[simple:Jainism |Jainism ]] # [[simple:Judaism|Judaism]] ## [[simple:Moses|Moses]] ## [[simple:Torah|Torah]] ## [[simple:Talmud|Talmud]] # [[simple:Mythology|Mythology]] ## [[simple:Greek mythology|Greek mythology]] # [[simple:Shinto |Shinto ]] # [[simple:Sikhism|Sikhism]] ## [[simple:Nanak|Nanak]] # [[simple:Spirits|Spirits]] # [[simple:Taoism |Taoism ]] # [[simple:Unitarianism|Unitarianism]] # [[simple:Voodoo|Voodoo]] # [[simple:Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrianism]] ## [[simple:Zoroaster|Zoroaster]] ===Religious philosophies=== # [[simple:Agnosticism|Agnosticism]] # [[simple:Atheism|Atheism]] # [[simple:Fundamentalism|Fundamentalism]] == Culture == At least three sentences on: # [[simple:Art|Art]] ## [[simple:Painting|Painting]] ## [[simple:Sculpture|Sculpture]] # [[simple:Culture|Culture]] # [[simple:Dance|Dance]] # [[simple:Radio|Radio]] # [[simple:Television|Television]] # [[simple:Theater|Theater]] ## [[simple:Broadway|Broadway]] ## [[simple:Noh|Noh]] # [[simple:Tourism|Tourism]] === Architecture / civil engineering === # [[simple:Architecture|Architecture]] # [[simple:Arch|Arch]] # [[simple:Bridge|Bridge]] # [[simple:Canal |Canal ]] # [[simple:Dam|Dam]] # [[simple:Dome|Dome]] # [[simple:Nail|Nail]] # [[simple:Tower |Tower ]] ==== Historical / particular architectures ==== # [[simple:Aswan Dam|Aswan Dam]] # [[simple:Great Wall of China|Great Wall of China]] # [[simple:Pyramids|Pyramids]] # [[simple:Taj Mahal|Taj Mahal]] === Film === # [[simple:Film|Film]] ## History/evolution ### [[simple:Silent era|Silent era]] ### Transition to sound ### [[simple:Studio era|Studio era]] (Including the different "type" of films from MGM, Warner Bros, Fox, Columbia, etc.) ### Modern era ===Literature=== # [[simple:Literature|Literature]] ## [[simple:Novel|Novel]] ### [[simple:Don Quixote|Don Quixote]] ### [[simple:Thousand and One Nights|Thousand and One Nights]] ## [[simple:Poetry|Poetry]] ### [[simple:Epic of Gilgamesh|Epic of Gilgamesh]] ### [[simple:Iliad|Iliad]] ### [[simple:Mahabharata|Mahabharata]] ### [[simple:Odyssey|Odyssey]] # [[simple:Books|Books]] ## [[simple:The Bible|The Bible]] ## [[simple:The Qur'an|The Qur'an]] ===Music=== # [[simple:Music|Music]] ## [[simple:CD|CD]] ## [[simple:Classical music|Classical music]] ### [[simple:Opera|Opera]] ### [[simple:Symphony|Symphony]] ## [[simple:Jazz|Jazz]] ## [[simple:Pop music|Pop music]] ## [[simple:Reggae|Reggae]] ## [[simple:Soul and gospel|Soul and gospel]] ## [[simple:Rock and roll|Rock and roll]] ### [[simple:Heavy metal|Heavy metal]] ## [[simple:Traditional|Traditional]] ### [[simple:Gamelan|Gamelan]] ### [[simple:Indian classical music|Indian classical music]] # [[simple:Musical instruments|Musical instruments]] ## [[simple:Drum|Drum]] ## [[simple:Flute|Flute]] ## [[simple:Guitar|Guitar]] ## [[simple:Piano|Piano]] ## [[simple:String instrument|String instrument]] ## [[simple:Trumpet|Trumpet]] ## [[simple:Violin|Violin]] == Science == At least a five-sentence introduction to the major fields: === Astronomy === # [[simple:Astronomy|Astronomy]] # [[simple:Asteroid|Asteroid]] # [[simple:Big Bang|Big Bang]] # Black hole # [[simple:Comet|Comet]] # [[simple:Earth|Earth]] # [[simple:Galaxy|Galaxy]] # [[simple:Jupiter (planet)|Jupiter]] # [[simple:Light year|Light year]] # [[simple:Mars (planet)|Mars]] # [[simple:Mercury (planet)|Mercury]] # [[simple:Milky Way|Milky Way]] # [[simple:Moon|Moon]] # [[simple:Neptune (planet)|Neptune]] # [[simple:Planet|Planet]] # [[simple:Pluto (planet)|Pluto]] # [[simple:Saturn (planet)|Saturn]] # [[simple:Solar System|Solar System]] # [[simple:Star|Star]] # [[simple:Sun|Sun]] # [[simple:Uranus (planet)|Uranus]] # [[simple:Venus (planet)|Venus]] === Biology === # [[simple:Biology|Biology]] ==== Biological materials ==== # [[simple:DNA|DNA]] # [[simple:Enzyme|Enzyme]] # [[simple:Protein|Protein]] ==== Mammalian anatomy ==== # [[simple:Digestive system|Digestive system]] ## [[simple:Large intestine|Large intestine]] ## [[simple:Small intestine|Small intestine]] ## [[simple:Liver|Liver]] # [[simple:Respiratory system|Respiratory system]] ## [[simple:Lungs|Lungs]] # [[simple:Skeletal system|Skeletal system]] # [[simple:Nervous system|Nervous system]] ## [[simple:Brain|Brain]] ## [[simple:Sensory system|Sensory system]] ### [[simple:Auditory system|Auditory system]] #### [[simple:Ear|Ear]] ### [[simple:Visual system|Visual system]] #### [[simple:Eye|Eye]] ### [[simple:Olfactory system|Olfactory system]] ### [[simple:Gustatory system|Gustatory system]] ### [[simple:Somatosensory system|Somatosensory system]] # [[simple:Endocrine system|Endocrine system]] # [[simple:Circulatory system|Circulatory system]] ## [[simple:Blood|Blood]] ## [[simple:Heart|Heart]] # [[simple:Reproductive system|Reproductive system]] ## [[simple:Penis|Penis]] ## [[simple:Vagina|Vagina]] # [[simple:Integumentary system|Integumentary system]] ## [[simple:Skin|Skin]] # [[simple:Breast|Breast]] ==== Biological processes ==== # [[simple:Digestion|Digestion]] # [[simple:Evolution |Evolution ]] # [[simple:Excretion|Excretion]] # [[simple:Photosynthesis|Photosynthesis]] # [[simple:Pregnancy|Pregnancy]] # [[simple:Reproduction|Reproduction]] # [[simple:Respiration|Respiration]] ==== Organisms ==== # [[simple:Animal|Animal]] ## Chordate ### [[simple:Amphibian|Amphibian]] #### [[simple:Frog|Frog]] ### [[simple:Bird|Bird]] #### [[simple:Dove|Dove]] #### [[simple:Eagle|Eagle]] ### [[simple:Fish|Fish]] #### [[simple:Shark|Shark]] ### [[simple:Mammal|Mammal]] #### [[simple:Bat|Bat]] #### [[simple:Bear|Bear]] #### [[simple:Camel|Camel]] #### [[simple:Cat|Cat]] #### [[simple:Cattle|Cattle]] #### [[simple:Dog|Dog]] #### [[simple:Dolphin|Dolphin]] #### [[simple:Elephant|Elephant]] #### [[simple:Horse|Horse]] #### [[simple:Sheep|Sheep]] #### [[simple:Lion|Lion]] #### [[simple:Mammoth|Mammoth]] #### [[simple:Monkey|Monkey]] #### [[simple:Pig|Pig]] #### [[simple:Whale|Whale]] ### [[simple:Reptile|Reptile]] #### [[simple:Snake|Snake]] ## [[simple:Insect|Insect]] ### [[simple:Ant|Ant]] ### [[simple:Bee|Bee]] ### [[simple:Butterfly|Butterfly]] ## [[simple:Arachnid|Arachnid]] # [[simple:Archea|Archea]] # [[simple:Bacterium|Bacterium]] # [[simple:Fungus|Fungus]] # [[simple:Plant|Plant]] ## [[simple:Flower|Flower]] ## [[simple:Palm|Palm]] ## [[simple:Tree|Tree]] # Protist # [[simple:Cell|Cell]] === Chemistry === # [[simple:Chemistry|Chemistry]] # [[simple:Element|Element]] # [[simple:List of elements|List of elements]] # [[simple:Biochemistry|Biochemistry]] # [[simple:Organic chemistry|Organic chemistry]] # [[simple:Periodic table|Periodic table]] # [[Simple:Aluminium|Aluminium]] # [[simple:Carbon|Carbon]] # [[simple:Copper|Copper]] # [[simple:Gold|Gold]] # [[Simple:Iron|Iron]] # [[Simple:Helium|Helium]] # [[Simple:Hydrogen|Hydrogen]] # [[simple:Lithium|Lithium]] # [[simple:Neon|Neon]] # [[simple:Nitrogen|Nitrogen]] # [[simple:Oxygen|Oxygen]] # [[Simple:Silver|Silver]] # [[simple:Zinc|Zinc]] === Ecology === # [[simple:Ecology|Ecology]] # Species ## Endangered species === Geology === # [[simple:Basalt|Basalt]] # [[simple:Flint|Flint]] # [[simple:Limestone|Limestone]] # Earth (Geology) === Medicine === # [[simple:Medicine|Medicine]] # [[simple:AIDS|AIDS]] # [[simple:Alcoholism|Alcoholism]] # [[simple:Cancer|Cancer]] # [[simple:Cirrhosis of the liver|Cirrhosis of the liver]] # [[simple:Cholera|Cholera]] # [[simple:Dentistry|Dentistry]] # [[simple:Diabetes mellitus|Diabetes mellitus]] # [[simple:Dysentery|Dysentery]] # [[simple:Heart disease|Heart disease]] # [[simple:Hypertension|Hypertension]] # [[simple:Influenza|Influenza]] # [[simple:Lung cancer|Lung cancer]] # [[simple:Malaria|Malaria]] # [[simple:Malnutrtion|Malnutrtion]] # [[simple:Obesity|Obesity]] # [[simple:Sexually transmitted disease|Sexually transmitted disease]] # [[simple:Smallpox|Smallpox]] # [[simple:Stroke|Stroke]] # [[simple:Syphilis|Syphilis]] # [[simple:Tuberculosis|Tuberculosis]] # [[simple:Virus|Virus]] # [[simple:Blindness|Blindness]] # [[simple:Mental Illness|Mental Illness]] # [[simple:Deafness|Deafness]] === Weather === # [[simple:Cloud|Cloud]] # [[simple:El Niño|El Niño]] # [[simple:Global Warming|Global Warming]] # [[simple:Tornado|Tornado]] # [[simple:Tropical cyclone|Tropical cyclone]] # [[simple:Rain|Rain]] # [[simple:Snow|Snow]] === Physics === # [[simple:Physics|Physics]] # [[simple:Atom|Atom]] ## [[simple:Electron|Electron]] ## [[simple:Neutron|Neutron]] ## [[simple:Proton|Proton]] # [[simple:Energy|Energy]] ## [[simple:Electromagnetic radiation|Electromagnetic radiation]] ### [[simple:Radio|Radio]] ### IR ### Visible #### [[simple:Spectrum|Spectrum]] #### [[simple:Black|Black]] #### [[simple:White|White]] #### [[simple:Red|Red]] #### [[simple:Yellow|Yellow]] #### [[simple:Green|Green]] #### [[simple:Blue|Blue]] ### UV ### [[simple:Gamma|Gamma]] # [[simple:Isotope|Isotope]] # [[simple:Molecule|Molecule]] # [[simple:Light|Light]] #Forces ## [[simple:Gravitation|Gravitation]] ## [[simple:Electromagnetism|Electromagnetism]] ## [[simple:Weak nuclear force|Weak nuclear force]] ## [[simple:Strong nuclear force|Strong nuclear force]] # Acceleration # Force # [[simple:Mass|Mass]] # [[simple:Speed|Speed]] # [[simple:Time|Time]] # [[simple:Velocity|Velocity]] # [[simple:Weight|Weight]] # [[simple:Quantum mechanics|Quantum mechanics]] # [[simple:Theory of relativity|Theory of relativity]] === Human sciences === # [[simple:Anthropology|Anthropology]] # [[simple:Education|Education]] # [[simple:Pedagogy|Pedagogy]] # [[simple:Psychology|Psychology]] # [[simple:Sociology|Sociology]] === Non-energy-related Resources === # [[simple:Minerals|Minerals]] ## [[simple:Iron|Iron]] ## [[simple:Aluminum|Aluminum]] ## [[simple:Tin|Tin]] ## [[simple:Gold|Gold]] ## [[simple:Silver|Silver]] ## [[simple:Bronze|Bronze]] # [[simple:Diamond|Diamond]] # [[simple:Salt|Salt]] === SI units and others === # [[simple:SI Unit System|SI Unit System]] # [[simple:Metre|Metre]] # [[simple:Litre|Litre]] # [[simple:Kilogram|Kilogram]] # [[simple:Volt|Volt]] # [[simple:Watt|Watt]] # [[simple:Newton|Newton]] === Calendars and timekeeping=== # [[simple:Calendar|Calendar]] # [[simple:Day|Day]] ## [[simple:Gregorian calendar|Gregorian calendar]] ### Day-of-week algorithm ### Calculation of date of Easter ### [[simple:Leap year|Leap year]] # [[simple:Month|Month]] # [[simple:Time zone|Time zone]] ## [[simple:Daylight Savings Time|Daylight Savings Time]] # [[simple:Year|Year]] # (article about each of the months of the year) # [[simple:Chinese calendar|Chinese calendar]] == Technology == === Computers === # [[simple:Computer|Computer]] ## [[simple:Processor|Processor]] ## [[simple:RAM|RAM]] ## [[simple:Motherboard|Motherboard]] ## [[simple:Hard disk|Hard disk]] ## [[simple:Boot loader|Boot loader]] # [[simple:Artificial Intelligence|Artificial Intelligence]] # [[simple:Computer science|Computer science]] ## [[simple:Algorithm|Algorithm]] # [[simple:Operating system|Operating system]] ## [[simple:Microsoft Windows|Microsoft Windows]] ## [[simple:Mac OS|Mac OS]] ## [[simple:GNU and Linux|GNU and Linux]] ## [[simple:Unix|Unix]] # [[simple:Programming language|Programming language]] ## [[simple:C|C]] ## [[simple:C plus plus|C++]] ## [[simple:Java|Java]] ## [[simple:Pascal|Pascal]] ## [[simple:PHP|PHP]] # [[simple:Software|Software]] # [[simple:User interface|User interface]] ## [[simple:Mouse|Mouse]] ## [[simple:Keyboard|Keyboard]] ## [[simple:Monitor|Monitor]] === Common technology === # [[simple:Coinage|Coinage]] # [[simple:Engineering|Engineering]] # [[simple:Inclined plane|Inclined plane]] # [[simple:Lever|Lever]] # [[simple:Metallurgy|Metallurgy]] # [[simple:Pulley|Pulley]] # [[simple:Screw|Screw]] # [[simple:Wedge|Wedge]] # [[simple:Wheel|Wheel]] === Communication === # [[simple:Letters / Alphabet|Letters / Alphabet]] ## [[simple:Chinese character|Chinese character]] ## [[simple:Cyrillic alphabet|Cyrillic alphabet]] ## [[simple:Greek alphabet|Greek alphabet]] ## [[simple:Latin alphabet|Latin alphabet]] ## [[simple:Literacy|Literacy]] # [[simple:Information|Information]] # [[simple:Internet|Internet]] ## [[simple:E-mail|E-mail]] ## [[simple:Internet protocol|Internet protocol]] ## [[simple:TCP|TCP]] ## [[simple:World Wide Web|World Wide Web]] ### [[simple:Web browser|Web browser]] ## [[simple:HTTP|HTTP]] ## [[simple:HTML|HTML]] ## [[simple:Wiki|Wiki]] # [[simple:Journalism|Journalism]] ## [[simple:Newspaper|Newspaper]] ## [[simple:Mass media|Mass media]] ## [[simple:Radio|Radio]] # [[simple:Printing|Printing]] # [[simple:Railroad|Railroad]] # [[simple:Telegraph|Telegraph]] # [[simple:Telephone|Telephone]] ## [[simple:Mobile telephone|Mobile telephone]] # [[simple:Television|Television]] # [[simple:Writing|Writing]] === Electronics === # [[simple:Electronics|Electronics]] ## [[simple:Voltage|Voltage]] ## [[simple:Current|Current]] ## [[simple:Charge|Charge]] ## [[simple:Frequency|Frequency]] ## [[simple:Phase|Phase]] ## [[simple:Resistance|Resistance]] ## [[simple:Reactance|Reactance]] ## [[simple:Inductance|Inductance]] ## [[simple:Capacitance|Capacitance]] ## [[simple:Gain|Gain]] # [[simple:Components|Components]] ## [[simple:Transistor|Transistor]] ## [[simple:Diode|Diode]] ## [[simple:Resistor|Resistor]] ## [[simple:Capacitor|Capacitor]] ## [[simple:Transformer|Transformer]] ## [[simple:Inductor|Inductor]] === Food production === # Grain grinding # Irrigation # Knife # Plough # Pottery === Harnessing energy === # [[simple:Combustion engine|Combustion engine]] # [[simple:Electricity|Electricity]] ## [[simple:Nuclear|Nuclear]] # [[simple:Fossil fuels|Fossil fuels]] ## [[simple:Coal|Coal]] ## [[simple:Gas|Gas]] ## [[simple:Oil|Oil]] # [[simple:Fire|Fire]] # [[simple:Renewable energy sources|Renewable energy sources]] ## [[simple:Solar|Solar]] ## [[simple:Hydro|Hydro]] ## [[simple:Wind|Wind]] ## [[simple:Waves|Waves]] ## [[simple:Wood|Wood]] # [[simple:Steam engine|Steam engine]] === Materials === # [[simple:Glass|Glass]] # [[simple:Paper|Paper]] # [[simple:Plastic|Plastic]] === Transportation === # [[simple:Transportation|Transportation]] ## [[simple:Airplane|Airplane]] ## [[simple:Car|Car]] ## [[simple:Bicycle|Bicycle]] ## [[simple:Boat|Boat]] ## [[simple:Ship|Ship]] ## [[simple:Train|Train]] === Weapons === # [[simple:Axe|Axe]] # [[simple:Explosives|Explosives]] # [[simple:Firearms|Firearms]] # [[simple:Gunpowder|Gunpowder]] # [[simple:Machine gun|Machine gun]] # [[simple:Martial arts|Martial arts]] # [[simple:Nuclear weapons|Nuclear weapons]] # [[simple:Sword|Sword]] # [[simple:Tank|Tank]] == Industry == # Manufacturing # Mining # Refining == Foodstuffs == # Barley # [[simple:Bread|Bread]] # [[simple:Cheese|Cheese]] # Chocolate # Cotton # Honey # [[simple:Fruit|Fruit]] ## [[simple:Apple|Apple]] ## [[simple:Banana|Banana]] ## Grape ## [[simple:Lemon|Lemon]] ## [[simple:Orange|Orange]] # Maize # Oats # [[simple:Potato|Potato]] # Rice # Sorghum # Soya bean # Sugar # Tobacco # Vegetable # Wheat === Beverages === # [[simple:Alcohol|Alcohol]] ## [[simple:Beer|Beer]] ## [[simple:Wine|Wine]] # Cola # Coffee # Tea # [[simple:Water|Water]] # [[simple:Milk|Milk]] == Language == # [[simple:Language|Language]] # Dialect # [[simple:Grammar|Grammar]] # [[simple:Linguistics|Linguistics]] # [[simple:Pronunciation|Pronunciation]] # [[simple:Syntax|Syntax]] # [[simple:Word|Word]] # (article about the language specific to that Wikipedia) # [[simple:Arabic|Arabic]] # [[simple:Bengali|Bengali]] # [[simple:English|English]] # [[simple:Esperanto|Esperanto]] # [[simple:French|French]] # [[simple:German|German]] # [[:simple:Greek|Greek]] # [[simple:Hebrew|Hebrew]] # [[simple:Hindi|Hindi]] # [[:simple:Japanese language|Japanese]] # [[:simple:Latin|Latin]] # [[simple:Russian|Russian]] # [[simple:Sanskrit|Sanskrit]] # [[:simple:Spanish|Spanish]] # Mandarin Chinese (Putonghua)  # Tamil # Turkish  == Mathematics == # [[simple:Mathematics|Mathematics]] # [[Simple:Algebra|Algebra]] # [[simple:Axiom|Axiom]] # [[Simple:Calculus|Calculus]] ## [[simple:Integration|Integration]] ## [[simple:Differentiation|Differentiation]] # [[Simple:Geometry|Geometry]] ## [[Simple:Circle|Circle]] ### [[Simple:Pi|Pi]] ## [[Simple:Square|Square]] ## [[Simple:Triangle|Triangle]] # Group theory # Mathematical logic # Mathematical proof ## Proof by deduction ## Proof by induction ## Proof by contradiction # [[simple:Number|Number]] ## Complex number ## [[simple:Integer|Integer]] ## Natural number ## [[simple:Prime number|Prime number]] ## Rational number # [[simple:Infinity|Infinity]] # Set theory # [[simple:Statistics|Statistics]] # [[simple:Trigonometry|Trigonometry]] == Military == # Army ## Artillery ##Cavalry ## Infantry # Navy # Airforce == Sports and games == # [[simple:Sports|Sports]] ## [[simple:Olympics|Olympics]] ## [[simple:Football World Cup|Football World Cup]] ## [[simple:Athletics|Athletics]] ## [[simple:Badminton|Badminton]] ## [[simple:Baseball|Baseball]] ## [[simple:Basketball|Basketball]] ## [[simple:Cricket|Cricket]] ## [[simple:Fencing|Fencing]] ## [[simple:Ice hockey|Ice hockey]] ## [[simple:Judo|Judo]] ## [[simple:Motor racing|Motor racing]] ## [[simple:Rugby|Rugby]] ## [[simple:Soccer|Soccer]] ## [[simple:Tennis|Tennis]] ## [[simple:Volleyball|Volleyball]] ## [[simple:Waterpolo|Waterpolo]] ## [[simple:Wrestling|Wrestling]] # [[simple:Games|Games]] ## [[simple:Backgammon|Backgammon]] ## [[simple:Checkers|Checkers]] ## [[simple:Chess|Chess]] ## [[simple:Go|Go]] ## [[simple:Mancala|Mancala]] # [[simple:Gambling|Gambling]] :''If you support this effort, please add to the list. We can then decide what the basic sentences can be for each article.'' [[Category:Proposals]] [[Category:Multilingualism]] 4811 2006-01-06T01:57:34Z 131.215.155.218 Now with even less interwiki! There are a growing number of Wikipedia projects, some very active, and others quite moribund. I propose that we invigorate them, and ensure that they each contain a minimum of information that will be of use to users. This way, people will be encouraged to use these projects and help in their growth. I therefore suggest that we make a list of 1,000 basic articles that we should try to encourage to appear on every existing Wikipedia. : It still remains to define how detailed these 'articles' should be; or better yet, the list should include both significant articles (primary elements) and secondary topics/articles, which should either get short paragraph-length stubs, or be covered by a longer article. These articles should be very basic, and incorporate the most essential information. In some cases, it will be only a table, while in other cases, it will be a stub. This will, however, provide some impetus for the smaller projects to grow. This project hopes to create easily translatable versions of these articles, containing core information at [[simple:Wikipedia:List of articles all languages should have]]. :''If you support this effort, please add to the list.'' == How to use this list == There are several different ways to use this list. The first is to translate it into the language of your Wikipedia and see whether you have articles on all of these topics. The topics will eventually all be linked to articles in the Simple English Wikipedia. If you are missing an article, or if you are starting out with a new language, you may want to translate these basic articles. You can also check the language links in the Simple English articles for more comprehensive coverage of the topics in many other languages. == Biography == At least two paragraphes on 100 key historical figures  === Actors === # [[Clara Bow]] # [[Marlon Brando]] # [[Charlie Chaplin]] # [[Joan Crawford]] # [[James Dean]] # [[Douglas Fairbanks]] # [[Greta Garbo]] # [[Jean Harlow]] # [[Carole Lombard]] # [[Marilyn Monroe]] # [[Jack Pickford]] # [[Norma Shearer]] # [[Gloria Swanson]] # [[John Wayne]] === Artists === # [[:simple:Michelangelo Buonarroti|Michelangelo Buonarroti]] # [[:simple:Paul Cézanne|Paul Cézanne]] # [[:simple:Vincent van Gogh|Vincent van Gogh]] # [[:simple:Katsushika Hokusai|Katsushika Hokusai]] # [[:simple:Frida Kahlo|Frida Kahlo]] # [[:simple:Claude Monet|Claude Monet]] # [[:simple:Georgia O'Keefe|Georgia O'Keefe]] # [[:simple:Pablo Picasso|Pablo Picasso]] # [[:simple:Jackson Pollock|Jackson Pollock]] # [[:simple:Nicolas Poussin|Nicolas Poussin]] # [[:simple:Rembrandt van Rijn|Rembrandt van Rijn]] # [[:simple:Auguste Rodin|Auguste Rodin]] # [[:simple:Rafael Sancho|Rafael Sancho]] # [[:simple:Andy Warhol|Andy Warhol]] === Authors, playwrights and poets ===  # [[:simple:Dante Alighieri|Dante Alighieri]] # [[:simple:Hans Christian Andersen|Hans Christian Andersen]] # [[:simple:Aristophanes|Aristophanes]] # [[:simple:Isaac Asimov|Isaac Asimov]] # [[:simple:Jane Austen|Jane Austen]] # [[:simple:Bertolt Brecht|Bertolt Brecht]] # [[:simple:Lord Byron|Lord Byron]] # [[:simple:Miguel de Cervantes|Miguel de Cervantes]] # [[:simple:Anton Chekhov|Anton Chekhov]] # [[:simple:Emily Dickinson|Emily Dickinson]] # [[:simple:Fyodor Dostoevsky|Fyodor Dostoevsky]] # [[:simple:Arthur Conan Doyle|Arthur Conan Doyle]] # [[:simple:Alexandre Dumas|Alexandre Dumas]] # [[:simple:F. Scott Fitzgerald|F. Scott Fitzgerald]] # [[:simple:Grimm Brothers|Grimm Brothers]] # [[:simple:Dashiell Hammett|Dashiell Hammett]] # [[:simple:Nathaniel Hawthorne|Nathaniel Hawthorne]] # [[:simple:Ernest Hemingway|Ernest Hemingway]] # [[:simple:Hildegard of Bingen|Hildegard of Bingen]] # [[:simple:Homer|Homer]] # [[:simple:Victor Hugo|Victor Hugo]] # [[:simple:Langston Hughes|Langston Hughes]] # [[:simple:Henrik Ibsen|Henrik Ibsen]] # [[:simple:James Joyce|James Joyce]] # [[:simple:Franz Kafka|Franz Kafka]] # [[:simple:Astrid Lindgren|Astrid Lindgren]] # [[:simple:Thomas Mann|Thomas Mann]] # [[:simple:Edna St. Vincent Millay|Edna St. Vincent Millay]] # [[:simple:Arthur Miller|Arthur Miller]] # [[:simple:Moliere|Moliere]] # [[:simple:Pablo Neruda|Pablo Neruda]] # [[:simple:Sylvia Plath|Sylvia Plath]] # [[:simple:Edgar Allan Poe|Edgar Allan Poe]] # [[:simple:Marcel Proust|Marcel Proust]] # [[:simple:Alexandr Pushkin|Alexandr Pushkin]] # [[:simple:Rainer Maria Rilke|Rainer Maria Rilke]] # [[:simple:Carl Sandburg|Carl Sandburg]] # [[:simple:Sappho|Sappho]] # [[:simple:Jean-Paul Sartre|Jean-Paul Sartre]] # [[:simple:William Shakespeare|William Shakespeare]] # [[:simple:George Bernard Shaw|George Bernard Shaw]] # [[:simple:Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley|Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley]] # [[:simple:Murasaki Shikibu|Murasaki Shikibu]] # [[:simple:Sophocles|Sophocles]] # [[:simple:Robert Louis Stevenson|Robert Louis Stevenson]] # [[:simple:JRR Tolkien|JRR Tolkien]] # [[:simple:Leo Tolstoy|Leo Tolstoy]] # [[:simple:Mark Twain|Mark Twain]] # [[:simple:Jules Verne|Jules Verne]] # [[:simple:Virgil|Virgil]] # [[:simple:H. G. Wells|H. G. Wells]] # [[:simple:Walt Whitman|Walt Whitman]] # [[:simple:Oscar Wilde|Oscar Wilde]] # [[:simple:WB Yeats|WB Yeats]] === Composers and musicians === # [[:simple:Johann Sebastian Bach|Johann Sebastian Bach]] # [[:simple:The Beatles|The Beatles]] # [[:simple:Ludwig van Beethoven|Ludwig van Beethoven]] # [[:simple:Fryderyk Chopin|Fryderyk Chopin]] # [[:simple:Antonín Dvořák|Antonín Dvořák]] # [[:simple:Aretha Franklin|Aretha Franklin]] # [[:simple:Gustav Mahler|Gustav Mahler]] # [[:simple:Claudio Monteverdi|Claudio Monteverdi]] # [[:simple:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] # [[:simple:Elvis Presley|Elvis Presley]] # [[:simple:The Rolling Stones|The Rolling Stones]] # [[:simple:Richard Wagner|Richard Wagner]] === Explorers === # [[:simple:Roald Amundsen|Roald Amundsen]] # [[:simple:Willem Barentz|Willem Barentz]] # [[:simple:Vitus Bering|Vitus Bering]] # [[:simple:Jacques Cartier|Jacques Cartier]] # [[:simple:Christopher Columbus|Christopher Columbus]] # [[:simple:James Cook|James Cook]] # [[:simple:Hernán Cortés|Hernán Cortés]] # [[:simple:Francis Drake|Francis Drake]] # [[:simple:Leif Ericsson|Leif Ericsson]] # [[:simple:Vasco da Gama|Vasco da Gama]] # [[:simple:Edmund Hilary|Edmund Hillary]] # [[:simple:Tenzing Norgay|Tenzing Norgay]] # [[:simple:Ferdinand Magellan|Ferdinand Magellan]] # [[:simple:Marco Polo|Marco Polo]] # [[:simple:Abel Tasman|Abel Tasman]] # [[:simple:Zheng He|Zheng He]] === Film directors and screenwriters === # [[:simple:Dorothy Arzner|Dorothy Arzner]] # [[:simple:Ingmar Bergman|Ingmar Bergman]] # [[:simple:Michael Curtiz|Michael Curtiz]] # [[:simple:Cecil B. DeMille|Cecil B. DeMille]] # [[:simple:Walt Disney|Walt Disney]] # [[:simple:Sergei Eisenstein|Sergei Eisenstein]] # [[:simple:John Ford|John Ford]] # [[:simple:D. W. Griffith|D. W. Griffith]] # [[:simple:Howard Hawks|Howard Hawks]] # [[:simple:Alfred Hitchcock|Alfred Hitchcock]] # [[:simple:Akira Kurosawa|Akira Kurosawa]] # [[:simple:Fritz Lang|Fritz Lang]] # [[:simple:Mitchell Leisen|Mitchell Leisen]] # [[:simple:George Lucas|George Lucas]] # [[:simple:Frances Marion|Frances Marion]] # [[:simple:Jean Renoir|Jean Renoir]] # [[:simple:Leni Riefenstahl|Leni Riefenstahl]] # [[:simple:Martin Scorsese|Martin Scorsese]] # [[:simple:Steven Spielberg|Steven Spielberg]] === Inventors, scientists and mathematicians === # [[:simple:Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Musa al-Khwarizmi|Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Musa al-Khwarizmi]] # [[:simple:Archimedes|Archimedes]] # [[:simple:John Logie Baird|John Logie Baird]] # [[:simple:Alexander Graham Bell|Alexander Graham Bell]] # [[:simple:Carl Benz|Carl Benz]] # [[:simple:Tim Berners-Lee|Tim Berners-Lee]] # [[:simple:Niels Bohr|Niels Bohr]] # [[:simple:Tycho Brahe|Tycho Brahe]] # [[:simple:Rachel Carson|Rachel Carson]] # [[:simple:Nicolaus Copernicus|Nicolaus Copernicus]] # [[:simple:Marie Curie|Marie Curie]] ([[:simple:Maria Skłodowska-Curie|Maria Skłodowska-Curie]]) # [[:simple:Charles Darwin|Charles Darwin]] # [[:simple:Albert Einstein|Albert Einstein]] ([[List_of_articles_all_languages_should_have/Albert_Einstein|see current status]], [http://meta.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Template:AlbertEinstein&action=edit edit current status]) # [[:simple:Thomas Alva Edison|Thomas Alva Edison]] # [[:simple:Leonhard Euler|Leonhard Euler]] # [[:simple:Enrico Fermi|Enrico Fermi]] # [[:simple:Richard Feynman|Richard Feynman]] # [[:simple:Alexander Fleming|Alexander Fleming]] # [[:simple:Henry Ford|Henry Ford]] # [[:simple:Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier|Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier]] # [[:simple:Sigmund Freud|Sigmund Freud]] # [[:simple:Buckminster Fuller|Buckminster Fuller]] # [[:simple:Kazimierz Funk|Kazimierz Funk]] # [[:simple:Galileo Galilei|Galileo Galilei]] # [[:simple:Bill Gates|Bill Gates]] # [[:simple:Karl Friedrich Gauss|Karl Friedrich Gauss]] # [[:simple:Kurt Gödel|Kurt Gödel]] # [[:simple:Johann Gutenberg|Johann Gutenberg]] # [[:simple:David Hilbert|David Hilbert]] # [[:simple:Huygens|Huygens]] # [[:simple:Hypatia|Hypatia]] # [[:simple:Edward Jenner|Edward Jenner]] # [[:simple:Steve Jobs|Steve Jobs]] # [[:simple:Johannes Kepler|Johannes Kepler]] # [[:simple:John Maynard Keynes|John Maynard Keynes]] # [[:simple:Donald Knuth|Donald Knuth]] # [[:simple:Pierre-Simon Laplace|Pierre-Simon Laplace]] # [[:simple:Gottfried Leibniz|Gottfried Leibniz]] # [[:simple:Carolus Linnaeus|Carolus Linnaeus]] # [[:simple:Ignacy Łukasiewicz|Ignacy Łukasiewicz]] # [[:simple:James Clerk Maxwell|James Clerk Maxwell]] # [[:simple:Isaac Newton|Isaac Newton]] # [[:simple:Alfred Nobel|Alfred Nobel]] # [[:simple:Hans Christian Oersted|Hans Christian Oersted]] # [[:simple:Louis Pasteur|Louis Pasteur]] # [[:simple:Dennis Ritchie|Dennis Ritchie]] # [[:simple:Ole Christensen Roemer|Ole Christensen Roemer]] # [[:simple:Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen|Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen]] # [[:simple:Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann|Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann]] # [[:simple:Ernest Rutherford|Ernest Rutherford]] # [[:simple:Richard Stallman|Richard Stallman]] # [[:simple:Nikola Tesla|Nikola Tesla]] # [[:simple:Thales|Thales]] # [[:simple:Linus Torvalds|Linus Torvalds]] # [[:simple:Alan Turing|Alan Turing]] # [[:simple:Leonardo Da Vinci|Leonardo Da Vinci]] # [[:simple:Wright Brothers|The Wright Brothers]] === Social scientists (philosophers, economists, historians and thinkers) === # [[:simple:Thomas Aquinas|Thomas Aquinas]] # [[:simple:Aristotle|Aristotle]] # [[:simple:Augustinus|Augustinus]] # [[:simple:Averroes|Averroes]] # [[:simple:Matsuo Basho|Matsuo Basho]] # [[:simple:Simone de Beauvoir|Simone de Beauvoir]] # [[:simple:Confucius|Confucius]] # [[:simple:Rene Descartes|Rene Descartes]] # [[:simple:Ralph Waldo Emerson|Ralph Waldo Emerson]] # [[:simple:Edward Gibbon|Edward Gibbon]] # [[:simple:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe|Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] # [[:simple:Germaine Greer|Germaine Greer]] # [[:simple:Herodotus|Herodotus]] # [[:simple:Hippocrates|Hippocrates]] # [[:simple:Immanuel Kant|Immanuel Kant]] # [[:simple:Lao Tzu|Lao Tzu]] # [[:simple:Li Po|Li Po]] # [[:simple:Martin Luther|Martin Luther]] # [[:simple:Rosa Luxemburg|Rosa Luxemburg]] # [[:simple:Soeren Kierkegaard|Soeren Kierkegaard]] # [[:simple:Martin Luther King, Jr.|Martin Luther King, Jr.]] # [[:simple:Karl Marx|Karl Marx]] # [[:simple:Nagarjuna|Nagarjuna]] # [[:simple:Friedrich Nietzsche|Friedrich Nietzsche]] # [[:simple:Tom Paine|Tom Paine]] # [[:simple:Plato|Plato]] # [[:simple:Pythagoras|Pythagoras]] # [[:simple:Sima Qian|Sima Qian]] # [[:simple:Jean-Jacques Rousseau|Jean-Jacques Rousseau]] # [[:simple:Bertrand Russell|Bertrand Russell]] # [[:simple:Adam Smith|Adam Smith]] # [[:simple:Socrates|Socrates]] # [[:simple:Sun Tzu|Sun Tzu]] # [[:simple:Tu Fu|Tu Fu]] # [[:simple:Voltaire|Voltaire]] # [[:simple:Mary Wollstonecraft|Mary Wollstonecraft]] # [[:simple:Zeami|Zeami]] === Politicans, leaders and aristocrats === # [[:simple:Akbar the Great|Akbar the Great]] # [[:simple:Alexander the Great|Alexander the Great]] # [[:simple:Kofi Annan|Kofi Annan]] # [[:simple:Kemal Atatürk|Kemal Atatürk]] # [[:simple:Attila the Hun|Attila the Hun]] # [[:simple:Caesar Augustus|Caesar Augustus]] # [[:simple:Hastings Kamuzu Banda|Hastings Kamuzu Banda]] # [[:simple:Pope Benedict XVI|Pope Benedict XVI]] # [[:simple:Silvio Berlusconi|Silvio Berlusconi]] # [[:simple:Otto von Bismarck|Otto von Bismarck]] # [[:simple:Tony Blair|Tony Blair]] # [[:simple:Simón Bolívar|Simón Bolívar]] # [[:simple:Napoléon Bonaparte|Napoléon Bonaparte]] # [[:simple:Lucrezia Borgia|Lucrezia Borgia]] # [[:simple:Gro Harlem Brundtland|Gro Harlem Brundtland]] # [[:simple:George W. Bush|George W. Bush]] # [[:simple:Fidel Castro|Fidel Castro]] # [[:simple:Catherine the Great|Catherine the Great]], Empress of Russia # [[:simple:Charlemagne|Charlemagne]] # [[:simple:Cixi|Cixi]] (Tse Hsi, Tz'u-hsi) (The Dowager Empress of China, 1835 - 1908) # [[:simple:Jacques Chirac|Jacques Chirac]] # [[:simple:Winston Churchill|Winston Churchill]] # [[:simple:Cleopatra|Cleopatra]] # [[:simple:Princess Diana Spencer|Princess Diana Spencer]] # [[:simple:Indira Gandhi|Indira Gandhi]] # [[:simple:Constantine the Great|Constantine the Great]] # [[:simple:Queen Elizabeth I|Queen Elizabeth I]] (of England) # [[:simple:Queen Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] (of England) # [[:simple:Franz Ferdinand|Franz Ferdinand]] # [[:simple:Charles de Gaulle|Charles de Gaulle]] # [[:simple:Mikhail Gorbachev|Mikhail Gorbachev]] # [[:simple:Hammurabi|Hammurabi]] # [[:simple:Hannibal|Hannibal]] # [[:simple:Hirohito, Emperor of Japan|Hirohito, Emperor of Japan]] # [[:simple:Adolf Hitler|Adolf Hitler]] # [[:simple:Thomas Jefferson|Thomas Jefferson]] # [[:simple:Pope John Paul II|Pope John Paul II]] # [[:simple:Julius Caesar|Julius Caesar]] # [[:simple:Kaahumanu|Kaahumanu]] # [[:simple:Genghis Khan|Genghis Khan]] # [[:simple:Lenin|Vladimir Ilyich Lenin]] # [[:simple:Queen Liliuokalani|Queen Liliuokalani]] # [[:simple:Abraham Lincoln|Abraham Lincoln]] # [[:simple:Makeda|Makeda]], Queen of Sheba (Ethiopia) # [[:simple:Nelson Mandela|Nelson Mandela]] # [[:simple:Mao Tse-tung|Mao Tse-tung (Mao Zedong)]] # [[:simple:Maria Theresa of Austria|Maria Theresa of Austria]] (Holy Roman Empress) # [[:simple:Queen Mary I of Scotland|Queen Mary I of Scotland]] # [[:simple:Catherine de' Medici|Catherine de' Medici]] # [[:simple:Golda Meir|Golda Meir]] # [[:simple:Mahathir bin Mohamad|Mahathir bin Mohamad]] # [[:simple:Benito Mussolini|Benito Mussolini]] # [[:simple:Nefertiti|Nefertiti]] # [[:simple:Kwame Nkrumah|Kwame Nkrumah]] # [[:simple:Eva Perón|Eva Perón]] # [[:simple:Peter the Great (of Russia)|Peter the Great]] # [[:simple:Józef Piłsudski|Józef Piłsudski]] # [[:simple:Pol Pot|Pol Pot]] # [[:simple:Vladimir Putin|Vladimir Putin]] # [[:simple:Qin Shi Huang|Qin Shi Huang]] # [[:simple:Eleanor Roosevelt|Eleanor Roosevelt]] # [[:simple:Franklin Delano Roosevelt|Franklin Delano Roosevelt]] # [[:simple:Saladin|Saladin]] # [[:simple:Gerhard Schröder|Gerhard Schröder]] # [[:simple:Semiramis|Semiramis]], Queen of Assyria # [[:simple:Shaka Zulu|Shaka Zulu]] # [[:simple:Sitting Bull|Sitting Bull]] # [[:simple:Josef Stalin|Josef Stalin]] # [[:simple:Tamerlane|Tamerlane]] # [[:simple:Margaret Thatcher|Margaret Thatcher]] # [[:simple:Leo Trotsky|Leo Trotsky]] # [[:simple:Harry Truman|Harry Truman]] # [[:simple:Queen Victoria|Queen Victoria]] (of the United Kingdom) # [[:simple:Lech Wałęsa|Lech Wałęsa]] # [[:simple:George Washington|George Washington]] # [[:simple:Emperor Wilhelm II (Germany)|Emperor Wilhelm II]] # [[:simple:Lee Kuan Yew|Lee Kuan Yew]] === Revolutionaries and activists === # [[:simple:Joan of Arc|Joan of Arc]] # [[:simple:Mohandas Gandhi|Mohandas Gandhi]] # [[:simple:Emma Goldman|Emma Goldman]] # [[:simple:Che Guevara|Ernesto "Che" Guevara]] # [[:simple:Mary Harris|Mary Harris]] (Mother Jones) # [[:simple:Helen Keller|Helen Keller]] # [[:simple:Osama bin Laden|Osama bin Laden]] # [[:simple:Florence Nightingale|Florence Nightingale]] # [[:simple:Rosa Parks|Rosa Parks]] # [[:simple:Emilia Plater|Emilia Plater]] # [[:simple:Gavrilo Princip|Gavrilo Princip]] # [[:simple:Mother Teresa of Calcutta|Mother Teresa of Calcutta]] # [[:simple:Sojourner Truth|Sojourner Truth]] # [[:simple:Harriet Tubman|Harriet Tubman]] == History == At least five sentences on: === Prehistory and ancient world === # [[:simple:Ancient Egypt|Ancient Egypt]] # [[:simple:Archaeology|Archaeology]] # [[:simple:Bronze Age|Bronze Age]] # [[:simple:Byzantine Empire|Byzantine Empire]] # [[:simple:Classical Greece|Classical Greece]] # [[:simple:Dinosaur|Dinosaur]] # [[:simple:Human evolution|Human evolution]] # [[:simple:Inca|Inca]] ## and other Andes cultures # [[:simple:Iron Age|Iron Age]] # [[:simple:Macedonian Empire|Macedonian Empire]] # [[:simple:Mesoamerica|Mesoamerica]] # [[:simple:Prehistory|Prehistory]] # [[:simple:Roman Empire|Roman Empire]] # [[:simple:Seljuk Empire|Seljuk Empire]] # [[:simple:Stone Age|Stone Age]] # [[:simple:Sumer|Sumer]] === Middle Ages and Renaissance === # [[simple:Age of Enlightenment|Age of Enlightenment]] # [[simple:American War of Independece|American War of Independece]] # [[simple:Black Death|Black Death]] # [[simple:British Empire|British Empire]] # [[simple:Colonization of North-east America|Colonization of North-east America]] # [[simple:Colonization of South America|Colonization of South America]] # [[simple:Counter-Reformation|Counter-Reformation]] # [[simple:Crusades|Crusades]] # [[simple:Discovery of the Americas|Discovery of the Americas]] # [[simple:Dutch Revolt|Dutch Revolt]] # [[simple:English Civil War|English Civil War]] # [[simple:French Revolution|French Revolution]] # [[simple:The Great Schism|The Great Schism]] # [[simple:Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation|Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation]] # [[simple:Middle Ages|Middle Ages]] # [[simple:Napoleonic Wars|Napoleonic Wars]] # [[simple:Ottoman Empire|Ottoman Empire]] # [[simple:Partitions of Poland|Partitions of Poland]] # [[simple:Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth|Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth]] # [[simple:Reformation |Reformation ]] # [[simple:Renaissance|Renaissance]] # [[simple:Spanish Inquisition|Spanish Inquisition]] # [[simple:Vikings|Vikings]] ===Industrial age=== # [[simple:1973 oil crisis|1973 oil crisis]] # [[simple:Afghan-Soviet War|Afghan-Soviet War]] # [[simple:American Civil War|American Civil War]] # [[simple:Apartheid|Apartheid]] # [[simple:Cold War|Cold War]] # [[simple:Decolonization|Decolonization]] # [[simple:Establishment of the State of Israel|Establishment of the State of Israel]] # [[simple:Industrial Revolution|Industrial Revolution]] # [[simple:Franco-Prussian War|Franco-Prussian War]] # [[simple:German unification|German unification]] # Gulf wars # [[simple:Great Depression|Great Depression]] # [[simple:The Holocaust|The Holocaust]] # [[simple:Iranian Revolution|Iranian Revolution]] # [[simple:Italian unification|Italian unification]] # [[simple:Korean War|Korean War]] # [[simple:Meiji Restoration|Meiji Restoration]] # [[simple:Nazi Germany|Nazi Germany]] # Outer space exploration (Sputnik, Apollo programs, shuttles) # [[simple:Perestroika and dissolution of the Soviet Union|Perestroika and dissolution of the Soviet Union]] # [[simple:Polish-Soviet War|Polish-Soviet War]] # [[simple:Reunification of Germany|Reunification of Germany]] # [[simple:Russian Civil War|Russian Civil War]] # [[simple:Russian February Revolution|Russian February Revolution]] # [[simple:Bolshevik Revolution |Bolshevik Revolution ]] # [[simple:Solidarity in Poland |Solidarity in Poland ]] # [[simple:Spanish Civil War|Spanish Civil War]] # [[simple:The Scramble for Africa|The Scramble for Africa]] # [[simple:Treaty of Versailles|Treaty of Versailles]] # [[simple:Vietnam War|Vietnam War]] # [[simple:World War I|World War I]] # [[simple:World War II|World War II]] # [[simple:Han Dynasty|Han Dynasty]] # [[simple:Tang Dynasty|Tang Dynasty]] # [[simple:Sung Dynasty|Sung Dynasty]] # [[simple:Yuan Dynasty|Yuan Dynasty]] # [[simple:Qing Dynasty|Qing Dynasty]] # [[simple:Ming Dynasty|Ming Dynasty]] == Geography == # Earth science # Capital # City # Continent # Desert # Ocean # Rain forest # [[simple:River|River]] # Sea # North Pole # South Pole === Continents and major regions === At least three sentences on each of the continents # [[simple:Africa|Africa]] # [[simple:Antarctica|Antarctica]] # [[simple:Asia|Asia]] # [[simple:Europe|Europe]] # Latin America # Middle East # [[simple:North America|North America]] # [[simple:Oceania|Oceania]] # [[simple:South America|South America]] === Countries === # One sentence and the table on all countries in this list (203 articles): [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries] === Major cities === Cities with historical, economical, political and/or religious importance and significance # [[simple:Athens |Athens ]] # [[simple:Bangkok|Bangkok]] # [[simple:Barcelona|Barcelona]] # [[simple:Beijing|Beijing]] # [[simple:Belgrade|Belgrade]] # [[simple:Berlin|Berlin]] # [[simple:Bombay|Bombay]] # [[simple:Brussels|Brussels]] # [[simple:Cairo|Cairo]] # [[simple:Copenhagen|Copenhagen]] # [[simple:Edinburgh|Edinburgh]] # [[simple:Frankfurt|Frankfurt]] # [[simple:Hanoi|Hanoi]] # [[simple:Hong Kong|Hong Kong]] # [[simple:Istanbul|Istanbul]] # [[simple:Jakarta|Jakarta]] # [[simple:Jerusalem|Jerusalem]] # [[simple:London|London]] # [[simple:Manila|Manila]] # [[simple:Madrid|Madrid]] # [[simple:Mecca|Mecca]] # [[simple:Mexico City|Mexico City]] # [[simple:Moscow|Moscow]] # [[simple:Munich|Munich]] (München) # [[simple:Nairobi|Nairobi]] # [[simple:New Delhi|New Delhi]] # [[simple:New York|New York]] # [[simple:Paris|Paris]] # [[simple:Rio de Janeiro|Rio de Janeiro]] # [[simple:Rome|Rome]] # [[simple:Shanghai|Shanghai]] # [[simple:Singapore|Singapore]] # [[simple:St. Petersburg|St. Petersburg]] # [[simple:Stockholm|Stockholm]] # [[simple:Sydney|Sydney]] # [[simple:Taipei|Taipei]] # [[simple:Tokyo|Tokyo]] # [[simple:Toronto|Toronto]] # [[simple:Vienna|Vienna]] # [[simple:Warsaw|Warsaw]] # [[simple:Washington, D.C.|Washington, D.C.]] === Bodies of water === # Amazon River # Aral Sea # Arctic Ocean # [[simple:Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] # Baltic Sea # Black Sea # Caspian Sea # Dead Sea # Great Barrier Reef # Great Lakes # [[simple:Indian Ocean|Indian Ocean]] # Lake Baikal # Lake Tanganyika # Lake Titicaca # Lake Victoria # Mediterranean Sea # [[simple:Mississippi River|Mississippi River]] # Niagara falls # Nile River # North Sea # [[simple:Pacific Ocean|Pacific Ocean]] # Panama Canal # Suez Canal # [[simple:Southern Ocean|Southern Ocean]] === Mountains, valleys and deserts === # Alps # Andes # Great Rift Valley # Himalayas # Kilimanjaro # Mount Everest # Rocky Mountains # [[simple:Sahara Desert|Sahara Desert]] === Disasters === # [[simple:Avalanche|Avalanche]] # [[simple:Earthquake|Earthquake]] # [[simple:Flood|Flood]] # [[simple:Hurricane|Hurricane]] # [[simple:Nuclear meltdown|Nuclear meltdown]] # [[simple:Tsunami|Tsunami]] # [[simple:Volcano|Volcano]] == Government and politics == # [[simple:Anarchism|Anarchism]] # [[simple:Anarchy|Anarchy]] # [[simple:Capitalism|Capitalism]] # [[simple:Communism|Communism]] # [[simple:Democracy|Democracy]] # [[simple:Dictatorship|Dictatorship]] # [[simple:Fascism|Fascism]] # [[simple:Globalisation|Globalisation]] # [[simple:Imperialism|Imperialism]] # [[simple:Liberalism|Liberalism]] # [[simple:Monarchy|Monarchy]] # [[simple:Nationalism|Nationalism]] # [[simple:Racism|Racism]] # [[simple:Republic|Republic]] # [[simple:Socialism|Socialism]] # [[simple:Separation of powers|Separation of powers]] ## [[simple:Judiciary|Judiciary]] ## [[simple:Legislature|Legislature]] ## [[simple:Executive|Executive]] # [[simple:Political party|Political party]] # [[simple:Theocracy|Theocracy]] === Economics === # [[simple:Economics|Economics]] # [[simple:Money|Money]] # [[simple:Supply and demand|Supply and demand]] # [[simple:Market|Market]] # [[simple:Capital|Capital]] # [[simple:Microeconomics|Microeconomics]] # [[simple:Macroeconomics|Macroeconomics]] ==== Currency ==== # [[simple:American dollar|American dollar]] # [[simple:British pound|British pound]] # [[simple:Euro|Euro]] # [[simple:Renminbi|Renminbi]] # [[simple:Rupee|Rupee]] # [[simple:Yen|Yen]] === Legal documents === # [[simple:Communist Manifesto|Communist Manifesto]] # [[simple:Constitution|Constitution]] # [[simple:Law|Law]] # [[simple:Magna Carta|Magna Carta]] # [[simple:Leviathan|Leviathan]] # [[simple:Republic|Republic]] === International organizations === # [[simple:African Union|African Union]] # [[simple:ASEAN|ASEAN]] # [[simple:Arab League|Arab League]] # [[simple:Antiglobalization|Antiglobalization]] # [[simple:Commonwealth of Independent States|Commonwealth of Independent States]] # [[simple:Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth of Nations]] # [[simple:Council of Europe|Council of Europe]] ## [[simple:European Court of Human Rights|European Court of Human Rights]] ## [[simple:European Convention on Human Rights|European Convention on Human Rights]] # [[simple:Diplomacy|Diplomacy]] # [[simple:European Union|European Union]] # [[simple:Freedom|Freedom]] # [[simple:Geneva Conventions|Geneva Conventions]] ## [[simple:Red Cross/Red Crescent/Red Crystal|Red Cross/Red Crescent/Red Crystal]] # [[simple:Globalization|Globalization]] # [[simple:Interpol|Interpol]] # [[simple:NATO|NATO]] # [[simple:Nobel Prize|Nobel Prize]] # [[simple:OECD|OECD]] # [[simple:OSCE|OSCE]] # [[simple:Olympic Games, preferably with a mention of the Paralympics|Olympic Games, preferably with a mention of the Paralympics]] # [[simple:OPEC|OPEC]] # [[simple:Organization of American States|Organization of American States]] # [[simple:United Nations|United Nations]] ## [[simple:IAEA|IAEA]] ## [[simple:IMF|IMF]] ## [[simple:International Criminal Court|International Criminal Court]] ## [[simple:International Court of Justice|International Court of Justice]] ## [[simple:WHO|WHO]] ## [[simple:WTO|WTO]] ## [[simple:UNICEF|UNICEF]] ## [[simple:UNESCO|UNESCO]] ## [[simple:Universal Declaration of Human Rights|Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] ## [[simple:World Bank|World Bank]] # [[simple:World Peace|World Peace]] === Human issues === # [[simple:Abortion|Abortion]] # [[simple:Birth control|Birth control]] # [[simple:Capital punishment|Capital punishment]] # [[simple:Human rights|Human rights]] # [[simple:Racism|Racism]] # [[simple:Sexism|Sexism]] # [[simple:Sexuality|Sexuality]] # [[simple:Slavery|Slavery]] == Philosophy == # [[simple:Philosophy|Philosophy]] # [[simple:Eastern philosophy|Eastern philosophy]] # [[simple:Western philosophy|Western philosophy]] # [[simple:Scientific method|Scientific method]] # [[simple:Beauty|Beauty]] # [[simple:Ethics|Ethics]] # [[simple:Existence|Existence]] # [[simple:Experience|Experience]] # [[simple:Feminism|Feminism]] # [[simple:Humanism|Humanism]] # [[simple:Knowledge|Knowledge]] # [[simple:Moral (or Morality)|Moral (or Morality)]] # [[simple:Logic|Logic]] # [[simple:Truth|Truth]] == Religion and spirituality == # [[simple:Religion|Religion]] At least a five-sentence introduction to the religions: # [[simple:Astrology|Astrology]] # [[simple:Baha'i |Baha'i ]] ## [[simple:Báb|Báb]] ## [[simple:Bahá'u'lláh|Bahá'u'lláh]] # [[simple:Buddhism |Buddhism ]] ## [[simple:Gautama Buddha|Gautama Buddha]] # [[simple:Christianity |Christianity ]] ## [[simple:Church|Church]] ## [[simple:Jehovah|Jehovah]] ## [[simple:Jehovah's Witnesses|Jehovah's Witnesses]] ## [[simple:Jesus|Jesus]] ## [[simple:Pope|Pope]] ## [[simple:Protestantism|Protestantism]] ## [[simple:Trinity|Trinity]] # [[simple:Confucianism |Confucianism ]] # [[simple:God|God]] ## [[simple:Monotheism|Monotheism]] # [[simple:Hinduism |Hinduism ]] ## [[simple:Brahma|Brahma]] ## [[simple:Vishnu|Vishnu]] ## [[simple:Siva|Siva]] # [[simple:Islam |Islam ]] ## [[simple:Ali|Ali]] ## [[simple:Mosque|Mosque]] ## [[simple:Muhammad|Muhammad]] ## [[simple:Omar|Omar]] ## [[simple:Sufism|Sufism]] # [[simple:Jainism |Jainism ]] # [[simple:Judaism|Judaism]] ## [[simple:Moses|Moses]] ## [[simple:Torah|Torah]] ## [[simple:Talmud|Talmud]] # [[simple:Mythology|Mythology]] ## [[simple:Greek mythology|Greek mythology]] # [[simple:Shinto |Shinto ]] # [[simple:Sikhism|Sikhism]] ## [[simple:Nanak|Nanak]] # [[simple:Spirits|Spirits]] # [[simple:Taoism |Taoism ]] # [[simple:Unitarianism|Unitarianism]] # [[simple:Voodoo|Voodoo]] # [[simple:Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrianism]] ## [[simple:Zoroaster|Zoroaster]] ===Religious philosophies=== # [[simple:Agnosticism|Agnosticism]] # [[simple:Atheism|Atheism]] # [[simple:Fundamentalism|Fundamentalism]] == Culture == At least three sentences on: # [[simple:Art|Art]] ## [[simple:Painting|Painting]] ## [[simple:Sculpture|Sculpture]] # [[simple:Culture|Culture]] # [[simple:Dance|Dance]] # [[simple:Radio|Radio]] # [[simple:Television|Television]] # [[simple:Theater|Theater]] ## [[simple:Broadway|Broadway]] ## [[simple:Noh|Noh]] # [[simple:Tourism|Tourism]] === Architecture / civil engineering === # [[simple:Architecture|Architecture]] # [[simple:Arch|Arch]] # [[simple:Bridge|Bridge]] # [[simple:Canal |Canal ]] # [[simple:Dam|Dam]] # [[simple:Dome|Dome]] # [[simple:Nail|Nail]] # [[simple:Tower |Tower ]] ==== Historical / particular architectures ==== # [[simple:Aswan Dam|Aswan Dam]] # [[simple:Great Wall of China|Great Wall of China]] # [[simple:Pyramids|Pyramids]] # [[simple:Taj Mahal|Taj Mahal]] === Film === # [[simple:Film|Film]] ## History/evolution ### [[simple:Silent era|Silent era]] ### Transition to sound ### [[simple:Studio era|Studio era]] (Including the different "type" of films from MGM, Warner Bros, Fox, Columbia, etc.) ### Modern era ===Literature=== # [[simple:Literature|Literature]] ## [[simple:Novel|Novel]] ### [[simple:Don Quixote|Don Quixote]] ### [[simple:Thousand and One Nights|Thousand and One Nights]] ## [[simple:Poetry|Poetry]] ### [[simple:Epic of Gilgamesh|Epic of Gilgamesh]] ### [[simple:Iliad|Iliad]] ### [[simple:Mahabharata|Mahabharata]] ### [[simple:Odyssey|Odyssey]] # [[simple:Books|Books]] ## [[simple:The Bible|The Bible]] ## [[simple:The Qur'an|The Qur'an]] ===Music=== # [[simple:Music|Music]] ## [[simple:CD|CD]] ## [[simple:Classical music|Classical music]] ### [[simple:Opera|Opera]] ### [[simple:Symphony|Symphony]] ## [[simple:Jazz|Jazz]] ## [[simple:Pop music|Pop music]] ## [[simple:Reggae|Reggae]] ## [[simple:Soul and gospel|Soul and gospel]] ## [[simple:Rock and roll|Rock and roll]] ### [[simple:Heavy metal|Heavy metal]] ## [[simple:Traditional|Traditional]] ### [[simple:Gamelan|Gamelan]] ### [[simple:Indian classical music|Indian classical music]] # [[simple:Musical instruments|Musical instruments]] ## [[simple:Drum|Drum]] ## [[simple:Flute|Flute]] ## [[simple:Guitar|Guitar]] ## [[simple:Piano|Piano]] ## [[simple:String instrument|String instrument]] ## [[simple:Trumpet|Trumpet]] ## [[simple:Violin|Violin]] == Science == At least a five-sentence introduction to the major fields: === Astronomy === # [[simple:Astronomy|Astronomy]] # [[simple:Asteroid|Asteroid]] # [[simple:Big Bang|Big Bang]] # Black hole # [[simple:Comet|Comet]] # [[simple:Earth|Earth]] # [[simple:Galaxy|Galaxy]] # [[simple:Jupiter (planet)|Jupiter]] # [[simple:Light year|Light year]] # [[simple:Mars (planet)|Mars]] # [[simple:Mercury (planet)|Mercury]] # [[simple:Milky Way|Milky Way]] # [[simple:Moon|Moon]] # [[simple:Neptune (planet)|Neptune]] # [[simple:Planet|Planet]] # [[simple:Pluto (planet)|Pluto]] # [[simple:Saturn (planet)|Saturn]] # [[simple:Solar System|Solar System]] # [[simple:Star|Star]] # [[simple:Sun|Sun]] # [[simple:Uranus (planet)|Uranus]] # [[simple:Venus (planet)|Venus]] === Biology === # [[simple:Biology|Biology]] ==== Biological materials ==== # [[simple:DNA|DNA]] # [[simple:Enzyme|Enzyme]] # [[simple:Protein|Protein]] ==== Mammalian anatomy ==== # [[simple:Digestive system|Digestive system]] ## [[simple:Large intestine|Large intestine]] ## [[simple:Small intestine|Small intestine]] ## [[simple:Liver|Liver]] # [[simple:Respiratory system|Respiratory system]] ## [[simple:Lungs|Lungs]] # [[simple:Skeletal system|Skeletal system]] # [[simple:Nervous system|Nervous system]] ## [[simple:Brain|Brain]] ## [[simple:Sensory system|Sensory system]] ### [[simple:Auditory system|Auditory system]] #### [[simple:Ear|Ear]] ### [[simple:Visual system|Visual system]] #### [[simple:Eye|Eye]] ### [[simple:Olfactory system|Olfactory system]] ### [[simple:Gustatory system|Gustatory system]] ### [[simple:Somatosensory system|Somatosensory system]] # [[simple:Endocrine system|Endocrine system]] # [[simple:Circulatory system|Circulatory system]] ## [[simple:Blood|Blood]] ## [[simple:Heart|Heart]] # [[simple:Reproductive system|Reproductive system]] ## [[simple:Penis|Penis]] ## [[simple:Vagina|Vagina]] # [[simple:Integumentary system|Integumentary system]] ## [[simple:Skin|Skin]] # [[simple:Breast|Breast]] ==== Biological processes ==== # [[simple:Digestion|Digestion]] # [[simple:Evolution |Evolution ]] # [[simple:Excretion|Excretion]] # [[simple:Photosynthesis|Photosynthesis]] # [[simple:Pregnancy|Pregnancy]] # [[simple:Reproduction|Reproduction]] # [[simple:Respiration|Respiration]] ==== Organisms ==== # [[simple:Animal|Animal]] ## Chordate ### [[simple:Amphibian|Amphibian]] #### [[simple:Frog|Frog]] ### [[simple:Bird|Bird]] #### [[simple:Dove|Dove]] #### [[simple:Eagle|Eagle]] ### [[simple:Fish|Fish]] #### [[simple:Shark|Shark]] ### [[simple:Mammal|Mammal]] #### [[simple:Bat|Bat]] #### [[simple:Bear|Bear]] #### [[simple:Camel|Camel]] #### [[simple:Cat|Cat]] #### [[simple:Cattle|Cattle]] #### [[simple:Dog|Dog]] #### [[simple:Dolphin|Dolphin]] #### [[simple:Elephant|Elephant]] #### [[simple:Horse|Horse]] #### [[simple:Sheep|Sheep]] #### [[simple:Lion|Lion]] #### [[simple:Mammoth|Mammoth]] #### [[simple:Monkey|Monkey]] #### [[simple:Pig|Pig]] #### [[simple:Whale|Whale]] ### [[simple:Reptile|Reptile]] #### [[simple:Snake|Snake]] ## [[simple:Insect|Insect]] ### [[simple:Ant|Ant]] ### [[simple:Bee|Bee]] ### [[simple:Butterfly|Butterfly]] ## [[simple:Arachnid|Arachnid]] # [[simple:Archea|Archea]] # [[simple:Bacterium|Bacterium]] # [[simple:Fungus|Fungus]] # [[simple:Plant|Plant]] ## [[simple:Flower|Flower]] ## [[simple:Palm|Palm]] ## [[simple:Tree|Tree]] # Protist # [[simple:Cell|Cell]] === Chemistry === # [[simple:Chemistry|Chemistry]] # [[simple:Element|Element]] # [[simple:List of elements|List of elements]] # [[simple:Biochemistry|Biochemistry]] # [[simple:Organic chemistry|Organic chemistry]] # [[simple:Periodic table|Periodic table]] # [[Simple:Aluminium|Aluminium]] # [[simple:Carbon|Carbon]] # [[simple:Copper|Copper]] # [[simple:Gold|Gold]] # [[Simple:Iron|Iron]] # [[Simple:Helium|Helium]] # [[Simple:Hydrogen|Hydrogen]] # [[simple:Lithium|Lithium]] # [[simple:Neon|Neon]] # [[simple:Nitrogen|Nitrogen]] # [[simple:Oxygen|Oxygen]] # [[Simple:Silver|Silver]] # [[simple:Zinc|Zinc]] === Ecology === # [[simple:Ecology|Ecology]] # Species ## Endangered species === Geology === # [[simple:Basalt|Basalt]] # [[simple:Flint|Flint]] # [[simple:Limestone|Limestone]] # Earth (Geology) === Medicine === # [[simple:Medicine|Medicine]] # [[simple:AIDS|AIDS]] # [[simple:Alcoholism|Alcoholism]] # [[simple:Cancer|Cancer]] # [[simple:Cirrhosis of the liver|Cirrhosis of the liver]] # [[simple:Cholera|Cholera]] # [[simple:Dentistry|Dentistry]] # [[simple:Diabetes mellitus|Diabetes mellitus]] # [[simple:Dysentery|Dysentery]] # [[simple:Heart disease|Heart disease]] # [[simple:Hypertension|Hypertension]] # [[simple:Influenza|Influenza]] # [[simple:Lung cancer|Lung cancer]] # [[simple:Malaria|Malaria]] # [[simple:Malnutrtion|Malnutrtion]] # [[simple:Obesity|Obesity]] # [[simple:Sexually transmitted disease|Sexually transmitted disease]] # [[simple:Smallpox|Smallpox]] # [[simple:Stroke|Stroke]] # [[simple:Syphilis|Syphilis]] # [[simple:Tuberculosis|Tuberculosis]] # [[simple:Virus|Virus]] # [[simple:Blindness|Blindness]] # [[simple:Mental Illness|Mental Illness]] # [[simple:Deafness|Deafness]] === Weather === # [[simple:Cloud|Cloud]] # [[simple:El Niño|El Niño]] # [[simple:Global Warming|Global Warming]] # [[simple:Tornado|Tornado]] # [[simple:Tropical cyclone|Tropical cyclone]] # [[simple:Rain|Rain]] # [[simple:Snow|Snow]] === Physics === # [[simple:Physics|Physics]] # [[simple:Atom|Atom]] ## [[simple:Electron|Electron]] ## [[simple:Neutron|Neutron]] ## [[simple:Proton|Proton]] # [[simple:Energy|Energy]] ## [[simple:Electromagnetic radiation|Electromagnetic radiation]] ### [[simple:Radio|Radio]] ### IR ### Visible #### [[simple:Spectrum|Spectrum]] #### [[simple:Black|Black]] #### [[simple:White|White]] #### [[simple:Red|Red]] #### [[simple:Yellow|Yellow]] #### [[simple:Green|Green]] #### [[simple:Blue|Blue]] ### UV ### [[simple:Gamma|Gamma]] # [[simple:Isotope|Isotope]] # [[simple:Molecule|Molecule]] # [[simple:Light|Light]] #Forces ## [[simple:Gravitation|Gravitation]] ## [[simple:Electromagnetism|Electromagnetism]] ## [[simple:Weak nuclear force|Weak nuclear force]] ## [[simple:Strong nuclear force|Strong nuclear force]] # Acceleration # Force # [[simple:Mass|Mass]] # [[simple:Speed|Speed]] # [[simple:Time|Time]] # [[simple:Velocity|Velocity]] # [[simple:Weight|Weight]] # [[simple:Quantum mechanics|Quantum mechanics]] # [[simple:Theory of relativity|Theory of relativity]] === Human sciences === # [[simple:Anthropology|Anthropology]] # [[simple:Education|Education]] # [[simple:Pedagogy|Pedagogy]] # [[simple:Psychology|Psychology]] # [[simple:Sociology|Sociology]] === Non-energy-related Resources === # [[simple:Minerals|Minerals]] ## [[simple:Iron|Iron]] ## [[simple:Aluminum|Aluminum]] ## [[simple:Tin|Tin]] ## [[simple:Gold|Gold]] ## [[simple:Silver|Silver]] ## [[simple:Bronze|Bronze]] # [[simple:Diamond|Diamond]] # [[simple:Salt|Salt]] === SI units and others === # [[simple:SI Unit System|SI Unit System]] # [[simple:Metre|Metre]] # [[simple:Litre|Litre]] # [[simple:Kilogram|Kilogram]] # [[simple:Volt|Volt]] # [[simple:Watt|Watt]] # [[simple:Newton|Newton]] === Calendars and timekeeping=== # [[simple:Calendar|Calendar]] # [[simple:Day|Day]] ## [[simple:Gregorian calendar|Gregorian calendar]] ### Day-of-week algorithm ### Calculation of date of Easter ### [[simple:Leap year|Leap year]] # [[simple:Month|Month]] # [[simple:Time zone|Time zone]] ## [[simple:Daylight Savings Time|Daylight Savings Time]] # [[simple:Year|Year]] # (article about each of the months of the year) # [[simple:Chinese calendar|Chinese calendar]] == Technology == === Computers === # [[simple:Computer|Computer]] ## [[simple:Processor|Processor]] ## [[simple:RAM|RAM]] ## [[simple:Motherboard|Motherboard]] ## [[simple:Hard disk|Hard disk]] ## [[simple:Boot loader|Boot loader]] # [[simple:Artificial Intelligence|Artificial Intelligence]] # [[simple:Computer science|Computer science]] ## [[simple:Algorithm|Algorithm]] # [[simple:Operating system|Operating system]] ## [[simple:Microsoft Windows|Microsoft Windows]] ## [[simple:Mac OS|Mac OS]] ## [[simple:GNU and Linux|GNU and Linux]] ## [[simple:Unix|Unix]] # [[simple:Programming language|Programming language]] ## [[simple:C|C]] ## [[simple:C plus plus|C++]] ## [[simple:Java|Java]] ## [[simple:Pascal|Pascal]] ## [[simple:PHP|PHP]] # [[simple:Software|Software]] # [[simple:User interface|User interface]] ## [[simple:Mouse|Mouse]] ## [[simple:Keyboard|Keyboard]] ## [[simple:Monitor|Monitor]] === Common technology === # [[simple:Coinage|Coinage]] # [[simple:Engineering|Engineering]] # [[simple:Inclined plane|Inclined plane]] # [[simple:Lever|Lever]] # [[simple:Metallurgy|Metallurgy]] # [[simple:Pulley|Pulley]] # [[simple:Screw|Screw]] # [[simple:Wedge|Wedge]] # [[simple:Wheel|Wheel]] === Communication === # [[simple:Letters / Alphabet|Letters / Alphabet]] ## [[simple:Chinese character|Chinese character]] ## [[simple:Cyrillic alphabet|Cyrillic alphabet]] ## [[simple:Greek alphabet|Greek alphabet]] ## [[simple:Latin alphabet|Latin alphabet]] ## [[simple:Literacy|Literacy]] # [[simple:Information|Information]] # [[simple:Internet|Internet]] ## [[simple:E-mail|E-mail]] ## [[simple:Internet protocol|Internet protocol]] ## [[simple:TCP|TCP]] ## [[simple:World Wide Web|World Wide Web]] ### [[simple:Web browser|Web browser]] ## [[simple:HTTP|HTTP]] ## [[simple:HTML|HTML]] ## [[simple:Wiki|Wiki]] # [[simple:Journalism|Journalism]] ## [[simple:Newspaper|Newspaper]] ## [[simple:Mass media|Mass media]] ## [[simple:Radio|Radio]] # [[simple:Printing|Printing]] # [[simple:Railroad|Railroad]] # [[simple:Telegraph|Telegraph]] # [[simple:Telephone|Telephone]] ## [[simple:Mobile telephone|Mobile telephone]] # [[simple:Television|Television]] # [[simple:Writing|Writing]] === Electronics === # [[simple:Electronics|Electronics]] ## [[simple:Voltage|Voltage]] ## [[simple:Current|Current]] ## [[simple:Charge|Charge]] ## [[simple:Frequency|Frequency]] ## [[simple:Phase|Phase]] ## [[simple:Resistance|Resistance]] ## [[simple:Reactance|Reactance]] ## [[simple:Inductance|Inductance]] ## [[simple:Capacitance|Capacitance]] ## [[simple:Gain|Gain]] # [[simple:Components|Components]] ## [[simple:Transistor|Transistor]] ## [[simple:Diode|Diode]] ## [[simple:Resistor|Resistor]] ## [[simple:Capacitor|Capacitor]] ## [[simple:Transformer|Transformer]] ## [[simple:Inductor|Inductor]] === Food production === # Grain grinding # Irrigation # Knife # Plough # Pottery === Harnessing energy === # [[simple:Combustion engine|Combustion engine]] # [[simple:Electricity|Electricity]] ## [[simple:Nuclear|Nuclear]] # [[simple:Fossil fuels|Fossil fuels]] ## [[simple:Coal|Coal]] ## [[simple:Gas|Gas]] ## [[simple:Oil|Oil]] # [[simple:Fire|Fire]] # [[simple:Renewable energy sources|Renewable energy sources]] ## [[simple:Solar|Solar]] ## [[simple:Hydro|Hydro]] ## [[simple:Wind|Wind]] ## [[simple:Waves|Waves]] ## [[simple:Wood|Wood]] # [[simple:Steam engine|Steam engine]] === Materials === # [[simple:Glass|Glass]] # [[simple:Paper|Paper]] # [[simple:Plastic|Plastic]] === Transportation === # [[simple:Transportation|Transportation]] ## [[simple:Airplane|Airplane]] ## [[simple:Car|Car]] ## [[simple:Bicycle|Bicycle]] ## [[simple:Boat|Boat]] ## [[simple:Ship|Ship]] ## [[simple:Train|Train]] === Weapons === # [[simple:Axe|Axe]] # [[simple:Explosives|Explosives]] # [[simple:Firearms|Firearms]] # [[simple:Gunpowder|Gunpowder]] # [[simple:Machine gun|Machine gun]] # [[simple:Martial arts|Martial arts]] # [[simple:Nuclear weapons|Nuclear weapons]] # [[simple:Sword|Sword]] # [[simple:Tank|Tank]] == Industry == # Manufacturing # Mining # Refining == Foodstuffs == # Barley # [[simple:Bread|Bread]] # [[simple:Cheese|Cheese]] # Chocolate # Cotton # Honey # [[simple:Fruit|Fruit]] ## [[simple:Apple|Apple]] ## [[simple:Banana|Banana]] ## Grape ## [[simple:Lemon|Lemon]] ## [[simple:Orange|Orange]] # Maize # Oats # [[simple:Potato|Potato]] # Rice # Sorghum # Soya bean # Sugar # Tobacco # Vegetable # Wheat === Beverages === # [[simple:Alcohol|Alcohol]] ## [[simple:Beer|Beer]] ## [[simple:Wine|Wine]] # Cola # Coffee # Tea # [[simple:Water|Water]] # [[simple:Milk|Milk]] == Language == # [[simple:Language|Language]] # Dialect # [[simple:Grammar|Grammar]] # [[simple:Linguistics|Linguistics]] # [[simple:Pronunciation|Pronunciation]] # [[simple:Syntax|Syntax]] # [[simple:Word|Word]] # (article about the language specific to that Wikipedia) # [[simple:Arabic|Arabic]] # [[simple:Bengali|Bengali]] # [[simple:English|English]] # [[simple:Esperanto|Esperanto]] # [[simple:French|French]] # [[simple:German|German]] # [[:simple:Greek|Greek]] # [[simple:Hebrew|Hebrew]] # [[simple:Hindi|Hindi]] # [[:simple:Japanese language|Japanese]] # [[:simple:Latin|Latin]] # [[simple:Russian|Russian]] # [[simple:Sanskrit|Sanskrit]] # [[:simple:Spanish|Spanish]] # Mandarin Chinese (Putonghua)  # Tamil # Turkish  == Mathematics == # [[simple:Mathematics|Mathematics]] # [[Simple:Algebra|Algebra]] # [[simple:Axiom|Axiom]] # [[Simple:Calculus|Calculus]] ## [[simple:Integration|Integration]] ## [[simple:Differentiation|Differentiation]] # [[Simple:Geometry|Geometry]] ## [[Simple:Circle|Circle]] ### [[Simple:Pi|Pi]] ## [[Simple:Square|Square]] ## [[Simple:Triangle|Triangle]] # Group theory # Mathematical logic # Mathematical proof ## Proof by deduction ## Proof by induction ## Proof by contradiction # [[simple:Number|Number]] ## Complex number ## [[simple:Integer|Integer]] ## Natural number ## [[simple:Prime number|Prime number]] ## Rational number # [[simple:Infinity|Infinity]] # Set theory # [[simple:Statistics|Statistics]] # [[simple:Trigonometry|Trigonometry]] == Military == # Army ## Artillery ##Cavalry ## Infantry # Navy # Airforce == Sports and games == # [[simple:Sports|Sports]] ## [[simple:Olympics|Olympics]] ## [[simple:Football World Cup|Football World Cup]] ## [[simple:Athletics|Athletics]] ## [[simple:Badminton|Badminton]] ## [[simple:Baseball|Baseball]] ## [[simple:Basketball|Basketball]] ## [[simple:Cricket|Cricket]] ## [[simple:Fencing|Fencing]] ## [[simple:Ice hockey|Ice hockey]] ## [[simple:Judo|Judo]] ## [[simple:Motor racing|Motor racing]] ## [[simple:Rugby|Rugby]] ## [[simple:Soccer|Soccer]] ## [[simple:Tennis|Tennis]] ## [[simple:Volleyball|Volleyball]] ## [[simple:Waterpolo|Waterpolo]] ## [[simple:Wrestling|Wrestling]] # [[simple:Games|Games]] ## [[simple:Backgammon|Backgammon]] ## [[simple:Checkers|Checkers]] ## [[simple:Chess|Chess]] ## [[simple:Go|Go]] ## [[simple:Mancala|Mancala]] # [[simple:Gambling|Gambling]] :''If you support this effort, please add to the list. We can then decide what the basic sentences can be for each article.'' [[Category:Proposals]] [[Category:Multilingualism]] 5070 2006-04-18T17:20:25Z 88.73.18.69 links fixed There are a growing number of Wikipedia projects, some very active, and others quite moribund. I propose that we invigorate them, and ensure that they each contain a minimum of information that will be of use to users. This way, people will be encouraged to use these projects and help in their growth. I therefore suggest that we make a list of 1,000 basic articles that we should try to encourage to appear on every existing Wikipedia. : It still remains to define how detailed these 'articles' should be; or better yet, the list should include both significant articles (primary elements) and secondary topics/articles, which should either get short paragraph-length stubs, or be covered by a longer article. These articles should be very basic, and incorporate the most essential information. In some cases, it will be only a table, while in other cases, it will be a stub. This will, however, provide some impetus for the smaller projects to grow. This project hopes to create easily translatable versions of these articles, containing core information at [[simple:Wikipedia:List of articles all languages should have]]. :''If you support this effort, please add to the list.'' == How to use this list == There are several different ways to use this list. The first is to translate it into the language of your Wikipedia and see whether you have articles on all of these topics. The topics will eventually all be linked to articles in the Simple English Wikipedia. If you are missing an article, or if you are starting out with a new language, you may want to translate these basic articles. You can also check the language links in the Simple English articles for more comprehensive coverage of the topics in many other languages. == Biography == At least two paragraphes on 100 key historical figures  === Actors === # [[Clara Bow]] # [[Marlon Brando]] # [[Charlie Chaplin]] # [[Joan Crawford]] # [[James Dean]] # [[Douglas Fairbanks]] # [[Greta Garbo]] # [[Jean Harlow]] # [[Carole Lombard]] # [[Marilyn Monroe]] # [[Jack Pickford]] # [[Norma Shearer]] # [[Gloria Swanson]] # [[John Wayne]] === Artists === # [[:simple:Michelangelo Buonarroti|Michelangelo Buonarroti]] # [[:simple:Paul Cézanne|Paul Cézanne]] # [[:simple:Vincent van Gogh|Vincent van Gogh]] # [[:simple:Katsushika Hokusai|Katsushika Hokusai]] # [[:simple:Frida Kahlo|Frida Kahlo]] # [[:simple:Claude Monet|Claude Monet]] # [[:simple:Georgia O'Keefe|Georgia O'Keefe]] # [[:simple:Pablo Picasso|Pablo Picasso]] # [[:simple:Jackson Pollock|Jackson Pollock]] # [[:simple:Nicolas Poussin|Nicolas Poussin]] # [[:simple:Rembrandt van Rijn|Rembrandt van Rijn]] # [[:simple:Auguste Rodin|Auguste Rodin]] # [[:simple:Rafael Sancho|Rafael Sancho]] # [[:simple:Andy Warhol|Andy Warhol]] === Authors, playwrights and poets ===  # [[:simple:Dante Alighieri|Dante Alighieri]] # [[:simple:Hans Christian Andersen|Hans Christian Andersen]] # [[:simple:Aristophanes|Aristophanes]] # [[:simple:Isaac Asimov|Isaac Asimov]] # [[:simple:Jane Austen|Jane Austen]] # [[:simple:Bertolt Brecht|Bertolt Brecht]] # [[:simple:Lord Byron|Lord Byron]] # [[:simple:Miguel de Cervantes|Miguel de Cervantes]] # [[:simple:Anton Chekhov|Anton Chekhov]] # [[:simple:Emily Dickinson|Emily Dickinson]] # [[:simple:Fyodor Dostoevsky|Fyodor Dostoevsky]] # [[:simple:Arthur Conan Doyle|Arthur Conan Doyle]] # [[:simple:Alexandre Dumas|Alexandre Dumas]] # [[:simple:F. Scott Fitzgerald|F. Scott Fitzgerald]] # [[:simple:Grimm Brothers|Grimm Brothers]] # [[:simple:Dashiell Hammett|Dashiell Hammett]] # [[:simple:Nathaniel Hawthorne|Nathaniel Hawthorne]] # [[:simple:Ernest Hemingway|Ernest Hemingway]] # [[:simple:Hildegard of Bingen|Hildegard of Bingen]] # [[:simple:Homer|Homer]] # [[:simple:Victor Hugo|Victor Hugo]] # [[:simple:Langston Hughes|Langston Hughes]] # [[:simple:Henrik Ibsen|Henrik Ibsen]] # [[:simple:James Joyce|James Joyce]] # [[:simple:Franz Kafka|Franz Kafka]] # [[:simple:Astrid Lindgren|Astrid Lindgren]] # [[:simple:Thomas Mann|Thomas Mann]] # [[:simple:Edna St. Vincent Millay|Edna St. Vincent Millay]] # [[:simple:Arthur Miller|Arthur Miller]] # [[:simple:Moliere|Moliere]] # [[:simple:Pablo Neruda|Pablo Neruda]] # [[:simple:Sylvia Plath|Sylvia Plath]] # [[:simple:Edgar Allan Poe|Edgar Allan Poe]] # [[:simple:Marcel Proust|Marcel Proust]] # [[:simple:Alexandr Pushkin|Alexandr Pushkin]] # [[:simple:Rainer Maria Rilke|Rainer Maria Rilke]] # [[:simple:Carl Sandburg|Carl Sandburg]] # [[:simple:Sappho|Sappho]] # [[:simple:Jean-Paul Sartre|Jean-Paul Sartre]] # [[:simple:William Shakespeare|William Shakespeare]] # [[:simple:George Bernard Shaw|George Bernard Shaw]] # [[:simple:Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley|Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley]] # [[:simple:Murasaki Shikibu|Murasaki Shikibu]] # [[:simple:Sophocles|Sophocles]] # [[:simple:Robert Louis Stevenson|Robert Louis Stevenson]] # [[:simple:JRR Tolkien|JRR Tolkien]] # [[:simple:Leo Tolstoy|Leo Tolstoy]] # [[:simple:Mark Twain|Mark Twain]] # [[:simple:Jules Verne|Jules Verne]] # [[:simple:Virgil|Virgil]] # [[:simple:H. G. Wells|H. G. Wells]] # [[:simple:Walt Whitman|Walt Whitman]] # [[:simple:Oscar Wilde|Oscar Wilde]] # [[:simple:WB Yeats|WB Yeats]] === Composers and musicians === # [[:simple:Johann Sebastian Bach|Johann Sebastian Bach]] # [[:simple:The Beatles|The Beatles]] # [[:simple:Ludwig van Beethoven|Ludwig van Beethoven]] # [[:simple:Fryderyk Chopin|Fryderyk Chopin]] # [[:simple:Antonín Dvořák|Antonín Dvořák]] # [[:simple:Aretha Franklin|Aretha Franklin]] # [[:simple:Gustav Mahler|Gustav Mahler]] # [[:simple:Claudio Monteverdi|Claudio Monteverdi]] # [[:simple:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] # [[:simple:Elvis Presley|Elvis Presley]] # [[:simple:The Rolling Stones|The Rolling Stones]] # [[:simple:Richard Wagner|Richard Wagner]] === Explorers === # [[:simple:Roald Amundsen|Roald Amundsen]] # [[:simple:Willem Barentz|Willem Barentz]] # [[:simple:Vitus Bering|Vitus Bering]] # [[:simple:Jacques Cartier|Jacques Cartier]] # [[:simple:Christopher Columbus|Christopher Columbus]] # [[:simple:James Cook|James Cook]] # [[:simple:Hernán Cortés|Hernán Cortés]] # [[:simple:Francis Drake|Francis Drake]] # [[:simple:Leif Ericsson|Leif Ericsson]] # [[:simple:Vasco da Gama|Vasco da Gama]] # [[:simple:Edmund Hilary|Edmund Hillary]] # [[:simple:Tenzing Norgay|Tenzing Norgay]] # [[:simple:Ferdinand Magellan|Ferdinand Magellan]] # [[:simple:Marco Polo|Marco Polo]] # [[:simple:Abel Tasman|Abel Tasman]] # [[:simple:Zheng He|Zheng He]] === Film directors and screenwriters === # [[:simple:Dorothy Arzner|Dorothy Arzner]] # [[:simple:Ingmar Bergman|Ingmar Bergman]] # [[:simple:Michael Curtiz|Michael Curtiz]] # [[:simple:Cecil B. DeMille|Cecil B. DeMille]] # [[:simple:Walt Disney|Walt Disney]] # [[:simple:Sergei Eisenstein|Sergei Eisenstein]] # [[:simple:John Ford|John Ford]] # [[:simple:D. W. Griffith|D. W. Griffith]] # [[:simple:Howard Hawks|Howard Hawks]] # [[:simple:Alfred Hitchcock|Alfred Hitchcock]] # [[:simple:Akira Kurosawa|Akira Kurosawa]] # [[:simple:Fritz Lang|Fritz Lang]] # [[:simple:Mitchell Leisen|Mitchell Leisen]] # [[:simple:George Lucas|George Lucas]] # [[:simple:Frances Marion|Frances Marion]] # [[:simple:Jean Renoir|Jean Renoir]] # [[:simple:Leni Riefenstahl|Leni Riefenstahl]] # [[:simple:Martin Scorsese|Martin Scorsese]] # [[:simple:Steven Spielberg|Steven Spielberg]] === Inventors, scientists and mathematicians === # [[:simple:Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Musa al-Khwarizmi|Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Musa al-Khwarizmi]] # [[:simple:Archimedes|Archimedes]] # [[:simple:John Logie Baird|John Logie Baird]] # [[:simple:Alexander Graham Bell|Alexander Graham Bell]] # [[:simple:Carl Benz|Carl Benz]] # [[:simple:Tim Berners-Lee|Tim Berners-Lee]] # [[:simple:Niels Bohr|Niels Bohr]] # [[:simple:Tycho Brahe|Tycho Brahe]] # [[:simple:Rachel Carson|Rachel Carson]] # [[:simple:Nicolaus Copernicus|Nicolaus Copernicus]] # [[:simple:Marie Curie|Marie Curie]] ([[:simple:Maria Skłodowska-Curie|Maria Skłodowska-Curie]]) # [[:simple:Charles Darwin|Charles Darwin]] # [[:simple:Albert Einstein|Albert Einstein]] ([[List_of_articles_all_languages_should_have/Albert_Einstein|see current status]], [http://meta.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Template:AlbertEinstein&action=edit edit current status]) # [[:simple:Thomas Alva Edison|Thomas Alva Edison]] # [[:simple:Leonhard Euler|Leonhard Euler]] # [[:simple:Enrico Fermi|Enrico Fermi]] # [[:simple:Richard Feynman|Richard Feynman]] # [[:simple:Alexander Fleming|Alexander Fleming]] # [[:simple:Henry Ford|Henry Ford]] # [[:simple:Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier|Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier]] # [[:simple:Sigmund Freud|Sigmund Freud]] # [[:simple:Buckminster Fuller|Buckminster Fuller]] # [[:simple:Kazimierz Funk|Kazimierz Funk]] # [[:simple:Galileo Galilei|Galileo Galilei]] # [[:simple:Bill Gates|Bill Gates]] # [[:simple:Karl Friedrich Gauss|Karl Friedrich Gauss]] # [[:simple:Kurt Gödel|Kurt Gödel]] # [[:simple:Johann Gutenberg|Johann Gutenberg]] # [[:simple:David Hilbert|David Hilbert]] # [[:simple:Huygens|Huygens]] # [[:simple:Hypatia|Hypatia]] # [[:simple:Edward Jenner|Edward Jenner]] # [[:simple:Steve Jobs|Steve Jobs]] # [[:simple:Johannes Kepler|Johannes Kepler]] # [[:simple:John Maynard Keynes|John Maynard Keynes]] # [[:simple:Donald Knuth|Donald Knuth]] # [[:simple:Pierre-Simon Laplace|Pierre-Simon Laplace]] # [[:simple:Gottfried Leibniz|Gottfried Leibniz]] # [[:simple:Carolus Linnaeus|Carolus Linnaeus]] # [[:simple:Ignacy Łukasiewicz|Ignacy Łukasiewicz]] # [[:simple:James Clerk Maxwell|James Clerk Maxwell]] # [[:simple:Isaac Newton|Isaac Newton]] # [[:simple:Alfred Nobel|Alfred Nobel]] # [[:simple:Hans Christian Oersted|Hans Christian Oersted]] # [[:simple:Louis Pasteur|Louis Pasteur]] # [[:simple:Dennis Ritchie|Dennis Ritchie]] # [[:simple:Ole Christensen Roemer|Ole Christensen Roemer]] # [[:simple:Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen|Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen]] # [[:simple:Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann|Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann]] # [[:simple:Ernest Rutherford|Ernest Rutherford]] # [[:simple:Richard Stallman|Richard Stallman]] # [[:simple:Nikola Tesla|Nikola Tesla]] # [[:simple:Thales|Thales]] # [[:simple:Linus Torvalds|Linus Torvalds]] # [[:simple:Alan Turing|Alan Turing]] # [[:simple:Leonardo Da Vinci|Leonardo Da Vinci]] # [[:simple:Wright Brothers|The Wright Brothers]] === Social scientists (philosophers, economists, historians and thinkers) === # [[:simple:Thomas Aquinas|Thomas Aquinas]] # [[:simple:Aristotle|Aristotle]] # [[:simple:Augustinus|Augustinus]] # [[:simple:Averroes|Averroes]] # [[:simple:Matsuo Basho|Matsuo Basho]] # [[:simple:Simone de Beauvoir|Simone de Beauvoir]] # [[:simple:Confucius|Confucius]] # [[:simple:Rene Descartes|Rene Descartes]] # [[:simple:Ralph Waldo Emerson|Ralph Waldo Emerson]] # [[:simple:Edward Gibbon|Edward Gibbon]] # [[:simple:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe|Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] # [[:simple:Germaine Greer|Germaine Greer]] # [[:simple:Herodotus|Herodotus]] # [[:simple:Hippocrates|Hippocrates]] # [[:simple:Immanuel Kant|Immanuel Kant]] # [[:simple:Lao Tzu|Lao Tzu]] # [[:simple:Li Po|Li Po]] # [[:simple:Martin Luther|Martin Luther]] # [[:simple:Rosa Luxemburg|Rosa Luxemburg]] # [[:simple:Soeren Kierkegaard|Soeren Kierkegaard]] # [[:simple:Martin Luther King, Jr.|Martin Luther King, Jr.]] # [[:simple:Karl Marx|Karl Marx]] # [[:simple:Nagarjuna|Nagarjuna]] # [[:simple:Friedrich Nietzsche|Friedrich Nietzsche]] # [[:simple:Tom Paine|Tom Paine]] # [[:simple:Plato|Plato]] # [[:simple:Pythagoras|Pythagoras]] # [[:simple:Sima Qian|Sima Qian]] # [[:simple:Jean-Jacques Rousseau|Jean-Jacques Rousseau]] # [[:simple:Bertrand Russell|Bertrand Russell]] # [[:simple:Adam Smith|Adam Smith]] # [[:simple:Socrates|Socrates]] # [[:simple:Sun Tzu|Sun Tzu]] # [[:simple:Tu Fu|Tu Fu]] # [[:simple:Voltaire|Voltaire]] # [[:simple:Mary Wollstonecraft|Mary Wollstonecraft]] # [[:simple:Zeami|Zeami]] === Politicans, leaders and aristocrats === # [[:simple:Akbar the Great|Akbar the Great]] # [[:simple:Alexander the Great|Alexander the Great]] # [[:simple:Kofi Annan|Kofi Annan]] # [[:simple:Kemal Atatürk|Kemal Atatürk]] # [[:simple:Attila the Hun|Attila the Hun]] # [[:simple:Caesar Augustus|Caesar Augustus]] # [[:simple:Hastings Kamuzu Banda|Hastings Kamuzu Banda]] # [[:simple:Pope Benedict XVI|Pope Benedict XVI]] # [[:simple:Silvio Berlusconi|Silvio Berlusconi]] # [[:simple:Otto von Bismarck|Otto von Bismarck]] # [[:simple:Tony Blair|Tony Blair]] # [[:simple:Simón Bolívar|Simón Bolívar]] # [[:simple:Napoléon Bonaparte|Napoléon Bonaparte]] # [[:simple:Lucrezia Borgia|Lucrezia Borgia]] # [[:simple:Gro Harlem Brundtland|Gro Harlem Brundtland]] # [[:simple:George W. Bush|George W. Bush]] # [[:simple:Fidel Castro|Fidel Castro]] # [[:simple:Catherine the Great|Catherine the Great]], Empress of Russia # [[:simple:Charlemagne|Charlemagne]] # [[:simple:Cixi|Cixi]] (Tse Hsi, Tz'u-hsi) (The Dowager Empress of China, 1835 - 1908) # [[:simple:Jacques Chirac|Jacques Chirac]] # [[:simple:Winston Churchill|Winston Churchill]] # [[:simple:Cleopatra|Cleopatra]] # [[:simple:Princess Diana Spencer|Princess Diana Spencer]] # [[:simple:Indira Gandhi|Indira Gandhi]] # [[:simple:Constantine the Great|Constantine the Great]] # [[:simple:Queen Elizabeth I|Queen Elizabeth I]] (of England) # [[:simple:Queen Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] (of England) # [[:simple:Franz Ferdinand|Franz Ferdinand]] # [[:simple:Charles de Gaulle|Charles de Gaulle]] # [[:simple:Mikhail Gorbachev|Mikhail Gorbachev]] # [[:simple:Hammurabi|Hammurabi]] # [[:simple:Hannibal|Hannibal]] # [[:simple:Hirohito, Emperor of Japan|Hirohito, Emperor of Japan]] # [[:simple:Adolf Hitler|Adolf Hitler]] # [[:simple:Thomas Jefferson|Thomas Jefferson]] # [[:simple:Pope John Paul II|Pope John Paul II]] # [[:simple:Julius Caesar|Julius Caesar]] # [[:simple:Kaahumanu|Kaahumanu]] # [[:simple:Genghis Khan|Genghis Khan]] # [[:simple:Lenin|Vladimir Ilyich Lenin]] # [[:simple:Queen Liliuokalani|Queen Liliuokalani]] # [[:simple:Abraham Lincoln|Abraham Lincoln]] # [[:simple:Makeda|Makeda]], Queen of Sheba (Ethiopia) # [[:simple:Nelson Mandela|Nelson Mandela]] # [[:simple:Mao Tse-tung|Mao Tse-tung (Mao Zedong)]] # [[:simple:Maria Theresa of Austria|Maria Theresa of Austria]] (Holy Roman Empress) # [[:simple:Queen Mary I of Scotland|Queen Mary I of Scotland]] # [[:simple:Catherine de' Medici|Catherine de' Medici]] # [[:simple:Golda Meir|Golda Meir]] # [[:simple:Mahathir bin Mohamad|Mahathir bin Mohamad]] # [[:simple:Benito Mussolini|Benito Mussolini]] # [[:simple:Nefertiti|Nefertiti]] # [[:simple:Kwame Nkrumah|Kwame Nkrumah]] # [[:simple:Eva Perón|Eva Perón]] # [[:simple:Peter the Great (of Russia)|Peter the Great]] # [[:simple:Józef Piłsudski|Józef Piłsudski]] # [[:simple:Pol Pot|Pol Pot]] # [[:simple:Vladimir Putin|Vladimir Putin]] # [[:simple:Qin Shi Huang|Qin Shi Huang]] # [[:simple:Eleanor Roosevelt|Eleanor Roosevelt]] # [[:simple:Franklin Delano Roosevelt|Franklin Delano Roosevelt]] # [[:simple:Saladin|Saladin]] # [[:simple:Gerhard Schröder|Gerhard Schröder]] # [[:simple:Semiramis|Semiramis]], Queen of Assyria # [[:simple:Shaka Zulu|Shaka Zulu]] # [[:simple:Sitting Bull|Sitting Bull]] # [[:simple:Josef Stalin|Josef Stalin]] # [[:simple:Tamerlane|Tamerlane]] # [[:simple:Margaret Thatcher|Margaret Thatcher]] # [[:simple:Leo Trotsky|Leo Trotsky]] # [[:simple:Harry Truman|Harry Truman]] # [[:simple:Queen Victoria|Queen Victoria]] (of the United Kingdom) # [[:simple:Lech Wałęsa|Lech Wałęsa]] # [[:simple:George Washington|George Washington]] # [[:simple:Emperor Wilhelm II (Germany)|Emperor Wilhelm II]] # [[:simple:Lee Kuan Yew|Lee Kuan Yew]] === Revolutionaries and activists === # [[:simple:Joan of Arc|Joan of Arc]] # [[:simple:Mohandas Gandhi|Mohandas Gandhi]] # [[:simple:Emma Goldman|Emma Goldman]] # [[:simple:Che Guevara|Ernesto "Che" Guevara]] # [[:simple:Mary Harris|Mary Harris]] (Mother Jones) # [[:simple:Helen Keller|Helen Keller]] # [[:simple:Osama bin Laden|Osama bin Laden]] # [[:simple:Florence Nightingale|Florence Nightingale]] # [[:simple:Rosa Parks|Rosa Parks]] # [[:simple:Emilia Plater|Emilia Plater]] # [[:simple:Gavrilo Princip|Gavrilo Princip]] # [[:simple:Mother Teresa of Calcutta|Mother Teresa of Calcutta]] # [[:simple:Sojourner Truth|Sojourner Truth]] # [[:simple:Harriet Tubman|Harriet Tubman]] == History == At least five sentences on: === Prehistory and ancient world === # [[:simple:Ancient Egypt|Ancient Egypt]] # [[:simple:Archaeology|Archaeology]] # [[:simple:Bronze Age|Bronze Age]] # [[:simple:Byzantine Empire|Byzantine Empire]] # [[:simple:Classical Greece|Classical Greece]] # [[:simple:Dinosaur|Dinosaur]] # [[:simple:Human evolution|Human evolution]] # [[:simple:Inca|Inca]] ## and other Andes cultures # [[:simple:Iron Age|Iron Age]] # [[:simple:Macedonian Empire|Macedonian Empire]] # [[:simple:Mesoamerica|Mesoamerica]] # [[:simple:Prehistory|Prehistory]] # [[:simple:Roman Empire|Roman Empire]] # [[:simple:Seljuk Empire|Seljuk Empire]] # [[:simple:Stone Age|Stone Age]] # [[:simple:Sumer|Sumer]] === Middle Ages and Renaissance === # [[:simple:Age of Enlightenment|Age of Enlightenment]] # [[:simple:American War of Independece|American War of Independece]] # [[:simple:Black Death|Black Death]] # [[:simple:British Empire|British Empire]] # [[:simple:Colonization of North-east America|Colonization of North-east America]] # [[:simple:Colonization of South America|Colonization of South America]] # [[:simple:Counter-Reformation|Counter-Reformation]] # [[:simple:Crusades|Crusades]] # [[:simple:Discovery of the Americas|Discovery of the Americas]] # [[:simple:Dutch Revolt|Dutch Revolt]] # [[:simple:English Civil War|English Civil War]] # [[:simple:French Revolution|French Revolution]] # [[:simple:The Great Schism|The Great Schism]] # [[:simple:Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation|Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation]] # [[:simple:Middle Ages|Middle Ages]] # [[:simple:Napoleonic Wars|Napoleonic Wars]] # [[:simple:Ottoman Empire|Ottoman Empire]] # [[:simple:Partitions of Poland|Partitions of Poland]] # [[:simple:Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth|Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth]] # [[:simple:Reformation |Reformation ]] # [[:simple:Renaissance|Renaissance]] # [[:simple:Spanish Inquisition|Spanish Inquisition]] # [[:simple:Vikings|Vikings]] ===Industrial age=== # [[:simple:1973 oil crisis|1973 oil crisis]] # [[:simple:Afghan-Soviet War|Afghan-Soviet War]] # [[:simple:American Civil War|American Civil War]] # [[:simple:Apartheid|Apartheid]] # [[:simple:Cold War|Cold War]] # [[:simple:Decolonization|Decolonization]] # [[:simple:Establishment of the State of Israel|Establishment of the State of Israel]] # [[:simple:Industrial Revolution|Industrial Revolution]] # [[:simple:Franco-Prussian War|Franco-Prussian War]] # [[:simple:German unification|German unification]] # Gulf wars # [[:simple:Great Depression|Great Depression]] # [[:simple:The Holocaust|The Holocaust]] # [[:simple:Iranian Revolution|Iranian Revolution]] # [[:simple:Italian unification|Italian unification]] # [[:simple:Korean War|Korean War]] # [[:simple:Meiji Restoration|Meiji Restoration]] # [[:simple:Nazi Germany|Nazi Germany]] # Outer space exploration (Sputnik, Apollo programs, shuttles) # [[:simple:Perestroika and dissolution of the Soviet Union|Perestroika and dissolution of the Soviet Union]] # [[:simple:Polish-Soviet War|Polish-Soviet War]] # [[:simple:Reunification of Germany|Reunification of Germany]] # [[:simple:Russian Civil War|Russian Civil War]] # [[:simple:Russian February Revolution|Russian February Revolution]] # [[:simple:Bolshevik Revolution |Bolshevik Revolution ]] # [[:simple:Solidarity in Poland |Solidarity in Poland ]] # [[:simple:Spanish Civil War|Spanish Civil War]] # [[:simple:The Scramble for Africa|The Scramble for Africa]] # [[:simple:Treaty of Versailles|Treaty of Versailles]] # [[:simple:Vietnam War|Vietnam War]] # [[:simple:World War I|World War I]] # [[:simple:World War II|World War II]] # [[:simple:Han Dynasty|Han Dynasty]] # [[:simple:Tang Dynasty|Tang Dynasty]] # [[:simple:Sung Dynasty|Sung Dynasty]] # [[:simple:Yuan Dynasty|Yuan Dynasty]] # [[:simple:Qing Dynasty|Qing Dynasty]] # [[:simple:Ming Dynasty|Ming Dynasty]] == Geography == # Earth science # Capital # City # Continent # Desert # Ocean # Rain forest # [[:simple:River|River]] # Sea # North Pole # South Pole === Continents and major regions === At least three sentences on each of the continents # [[:simple:Africa|Africa]] # [[:simple:Antarctica|Antarctica]] # [[:simple:Asia|Asia]] # [[:simple:Europe|Europe]] # Latin America # Middle East # [[:simple:North America|North America]] # [[:simple:Oceania|Oceania]] # [[:simple:South America|South America]] === Countries === # One sentence and the table on all countries in this list (203 articles): [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries] === Major cities === Cities with historical, economical, political and/or religious importance and significance # [[:simple:Athens |Athens ]] # [[:simple:Bangkok|Bangkok]] # [[:simple:Barcelona|Barcelona]] # [[:simple:Beijing|Beijing]] # [[:simple:Belgrade|Belgrade]] # [[:simple:Berlin|Berlin]] # [[:simple:Bombay|Bombay]] # [[:simple:Brussels|Brussels]] # [[:simple:Cairo|Cairo]] # [[:simple:Copenhagen|Copenhagen]] # [[:simple:Edinburgh|Edinburgh]] # [[:simple:Frankfurt|Frankfurt]] # [[:simple:Hanoi|Hanoi]] # [[:simple:Hong Kong|Hong Kong]] # [[:simple:Istanbul|Istanbul]] # [[:simple:Jakarta|Jakarta]] # [[:simple:Jerusalem|Jerusalem]] # [[:simple:London|London]] # [[:simple:Manila|Manila]] # [[:simple:Madrid|Madrid]] # [[:simple:Mecca|Mecca]] # [[:simple:Mexico City|Mexico City]] # [[:simple:Moscow|Moscow]] # [[:simple:Munich|Munich]] (München) # [[:simple:Nairobi|Nairobi]] # [[:simple:New Delhi|New Delhi]] # [[:simple:New York|New York]] # [[:simple:Paris|Paris]] # [[:simple:Rio de Janeiro|Rio de Janeiro]] # [[:simple:Rome|Rome]] # [[:simple:Shanghai|Shanghai]] # [[:simple:Singapore|Singapore]] # [[:simple:St. Petersburg|St. Petersburg]] # [[:simple:Stockholm|Stockholm]] # [[:simple:Sydney|Sydney]] # [[:simple:Taipei|Taipei]] # [[:simple:Tokyo|Tokyo]] # [[:simple:Toronto|Toronto]] # [[:simple:Vienna|Vienna]] # [[:simple:Warsaw|Warsaw]] # [[:simple:Washington, D.C.|Washington, D.C.]] === Bodies of water === # Amazon River # Aral Sea # Arctic Ocean # [[:simple:Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] # Baltic Sea # Black Sea # Caspian Sea # Dead Sea # Great Barrier Reef # Great Lakes # [[:simple:Indian Ocean|Indian Ocean]] # Lake Baikal # Lake Tanganyika # Lake Titicaca # Lake Victoria # Mediterranean Sea # [[:simple:Mississippi River|Mississippi River]] # Niagara falls # Nile River # North Sea # [[:simple:Pacific Ocean|Pacific Ocean]] # Panama Canal # Suez Canal # [[:simple:Southern Ocean|Southern Ocean]] === Mountains, valleys and deserts === # Alps # Andes # Great Rift Valley # Himalayas # Kilimanjaro # Mount Everest # Rocky Mountains # [[:simple:Sahara Desert|Sahara Desert]] === Disasters === # [[:simple:Avalanche|Avalanche]] # [[:simple:Earthquake|Earthquake]] # [[:simple:Flood|Flood]] # [[:simple:Hurricane|Hurricane]] # [[:simple:Nuclear meltdown|Nuclear meltdown]] # [[:simple:Tsunami|Tsunami]] # [[:simple:Volcano|Volcano]] == Government and politics == # [[:simple:Anarchism|Anarchism]] # [[:simple:Anarchy|Anarchy]] # [[:simple:Capitalism|Capitalism]] # [[:simple:Communism|Communism]] # [[:simple:Democracy|Democracy]] # [[:simple:Dictatorship|Dictatorship]] # [[:simple:Fascism|Fascism]] # [[:simple:Globalisation|Globalisation]] # [[:simple:Imperialism|Imperialism]] # [[:simple:Liberalism|Liberalism]] # [[:simple:Monarchy|Monarchy]] # [[:simple:Nationalism|Nationalism]] # [[:simple:Racism|Racism]] # [[:simple:Republic|Republic]] # [[:simple:Socialism|Socialism]] # [[:simple:Separation of powers|Separation of powers]] ## [[:simple:Judiciary|Judiciary]] ## [[:simple:Legislature|Legislature]] ## [[:simple:Executive|Executive]] # [[:simple:Political party|Political party]] # [[:simple:Theocracy|Theocracy]] === Economics === # [[:simple:Economics|Economics]] # [[:simple:Money|Money]] # [[:simple:Supply and demand|Supply and demand]] # [[:simple:Market|Market]] # [[:simple:Capital|Capital]] # [[:simple:Microeconomics|Microeconomics]] # [[:simple:Macroeconomics|Macroeconomics]] ==== Currency ==== # [[:simple:American dollar|American dollar]] # [[:simple:British pound|British pound]] # [[:simple:Euro|Euro]] # [[:simple:Renminbi|Renminbi]] # [[:simple:Rupee|Rupee]] # [[:simple:Yen|Yen]] === Legal documents === # [[:simple:Communist Manifesto|Communist Manifesto]] # [[:simple:Constitution|Constitution]] # [[:simple:Law|Law]] # [[:simple:Magna Carta|Magna Carta]] # [[:simple:Leviathan|Leviathan]] # [[:simple:Republic|Republic]] === International organizations === # [[:simple:African Union|African Union]] # [[:simple:ASEAN|ASEAN]] # [[:simple:Arab League|Arab League]] # [[:simple:Antiglobalization|Antiglobalization]] # [[:simple:Commonwealth of Independent States|Commonwealth of Independent States]] # [[:simple:Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth of Nations]] # [[:simple:Council of Europe|Council of Europe]] ## [[:simple:European Court of Human Rights|European Court of Human Rights]] ## [[:simple:European Convention on Human Rights|European Convention on Human Rights]] # [[:simple:Diplomacy|Diplomacy]] # [[:simple:European Union|European Union]] # [[:simple:Freedom|Freedom]] # [[:simple:Geneva Conventions|Geneva Conventions]] ## [[:simple:Red Cross/Red Crescent/Red Crystal|Red Cross/Red Crescent/Red Crystal]] # [[:simple:Globalization|Globalization]] # [[:simple:Interpol|Interpol]] # [[:simple:NATO|NATO]] # [[:simple:Nobel Prize|Nobel Prize]] # [[:simple:OECD|OECD]] # [[:simple:OSCE|OSCE]] # [[:simple:Olympic Games, preferably with a mention of the Paralympics|Olympic Games, preferably with a mention of the Paralympics]] # [[:simple:OPEC|OPEC]] # [[:simple:Organization of American States|Organization of American States]] # [[:simple:United Nations|United Nations]] ## [[:simple:IAEA|IAEA]] ## [[:simple:IMF|IMF]] ## [[:simple:International Criminal Court|International Criminal Court]] ## [[:simple:International Court of Justice|International Court of Justice]] ## [[:simple:WHO|WHO]] ## [[:simple:WTO|WTO]] ## [[:simple:UNICEF|UNICEF]] ## [[:simple:UNESCO|UNESCO]] ## [[:simple:Universal Declaration of Human Rights|Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] ## [[:simple:World Bank|World Bank]] # [[:simple:World Peace|World Peace]] === Human issues === # [[:simple:Abortion|Abortion]] # [[:simple:Birth control|Birth control]] # [[:simple:Capital punishment|Capital punishment]] # [[:simple:Human rights|Human rights]] # [[:simple:Racism|Racism]] # [[:simple:Sexism|Sexism]] # [[:simple:Sexuality|Sexuality]] # [[:simple:Slavery|Slavery]] == Philosophy == # [[:simple:Philosophy|Philosophy]] # [[:simple:Eastern philosophy|Eastern philosophy]] # [[:simple:Western philosophy|Western philosophy]] # [[:simple:Scientific method|Scientific method]] # [[:simple:Beauty|Beauty]] # [[:simple:Ethics|Ethics]] # [[:simple:Existence|Existence]] # [[:simple:Experience|Experience]] # [[:simple:Feminism|Feminism]] # [[:simple:Humanism|Humanism]] # [[:simple:Knowledge|Knowledge]] # [[:simple:Moral (or Morality)|Moral (or Morality)]] # [[:simple:Logic|Logic]] # [[:simple:Truth|Truth]] == Religion and spirituality == # [[:simple:Religion|Religion]] At least a five-sentence introduction to the religions: # [[:simple:Astrology|Astrology]] # [[:simple:Baha'i |Baha'i ]] ## [[:simple:Báb|Báb]] ## [[:simple:Bahá'u'lláh|Bahá'u'lláh]] # [[:simple:Buddhism |Buddhism ]] ## [[:simple:Gautama Buddha|Gautama Buddha]] # [[:simple:Christianity |Christianity ]] ## [[:simple:Church|Church]] ## [[:simple:Jehovah|Jehovah]] ## [[:simple:Jehovah's Witnesses|Jehovah's Witnesses]] ## [[:simple:Jesus|Jesus]] ## [[:simple:Pope|Pope]] ## [[:simple:Protestantism|Protestantism]] ## [[:simple:Trinity|Trinity]] # [[:simple:Confucianism |Confucianism ]] # [[:simple:God|God]] ## [[:simple:Monotheism|Monotheism]] # [[:simple:Hinduism |Hinduism ]] ## [[:simple:Brahma|Brahma]] ## [[:simple:Vishnu|Vishnu]] ## [[:simple:Siva|Siva]] # [[:simple:Islam |Islam ]] ## [[:simple:Ali|Ali]] ## [[:simple:Mosque|Mosque]] ## [[:simple:Muhammad|Muhammad]] ## [[:simple:Omar|Omar]] ## [[:simple:Sufism|Sufism]] # [[:simple:Jainism |Jainism ]] # [[:simple:Judaism|Judaism]] ## [[:simple:Moses|Moses]] ## [[:simple:Torah|Torah]] ## [[:simple:Talmud|Talmud]] # [[:simple:Mythology|Mythology]] ## [[:simple:Greek mythology|Greek mythology]] # [[:simple:Shinto |Shinto ]] # [[:simple:Sikhism|Sikhism]] ## [[:simple:Nanak|Nanak]] # [[:simple:Spirits|Spirits]] # [[:simple:Taoism |Taoism ]] # [[:simple:Unitarianism|Unitarianism]] # [[:simple:Voodoo|Voodoo]] # [[:simple:Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrianism]] ## [[:simple:Zoroaster|Zoroaster]] ===Religious philosophies=== # [[:simple:Agnosticism|Agnosticism]] # [[:simple:Atheism|Atheism]] # [[:simple:Fundamentalism|Fundamentalism]] == Culture == At least three sentences on: # [[:simple:Art|Art]] ## [[:simple:Painting|Painting]] ## [[:simple:Sculpture|Sculpture]] # [[:simple:Culture|Culture]] # [[:simple:Dance|Dance]] # [[:simple:Radio|Radio]] # [[:simple:Television|Television]] # [[:simple:Theater|Theater]] ## [[:simple:Broadway|Broadway]] ## [[:simple:Noh|Noh]] # [[:simple:Tourism|Tourism]] === Architecture / civil engineering === # [[:simple:Architecture|Architecture]] # [[:simple:Arch|Arch]] # [[:simple:Bridge|Bridge]] # [[:simple:Canal |Canal ]] # [[:simple:Dam|Dam]] # [[:simple:Dome|Dome]] # [[:simple:Nail|Nail]] # [[:simple:Tower |Tower ]] ==== Historical / particular architectures ==== # [[:simple:Aswan Dam|Aswan Dam]] # [[:simple:Great Wall of China|Great Wall of China]] # [[:simple:Pyramids|Pyramids]] # [[:simple:Taj Mahal|Taj Mahal]] === Film === # [[:simple:Film|Film]] ## History/evolution ### [[:simple:Silent era|Silent era]] ### Transition to sound ### [[:simple:Studio era|Studio era]] (Including the different "type" of films from MGM, Warner Bros, Fox, Columbia, etc.) ### Modern era ===Literature=== # [[:simple:Literature|Literature]] ## [[:simple:Novel|Novel]] ### [[:simple:Don Quixote|Don Quixote]] ### [[:simple:Thousand and One Nights|Thousand and One Nights]] ## [[:simple:Poetry|Poetry]] ### [[:simple:Epic of Gilgamesh|Epic of Gilgamesh]] ### [[:simple:Iliad|Iliad]] ### [[:simple:Mahabharata|Mahabharata]] ### [[:simple:Odyssey|Odyssey]] # [[:simple:Books|Books]] ## [[:simple:The Bible|The Bible]] ## [[:simple:The Qur'an|The Qur'an]] ===Music=== # [[:simple:Music|Music]] ## [[:simple:CD|CD]] ## [[:simple:Classical music|Classical music]] ### [[:simple:Opera|Opera]] ### [[:simple:Symphony|Symphony]] ## [[:simple:Jazz|Jazz]] ## [[:simple:Pop music|Pop music]] ## [[:simple:Reggae|Reggae]] ## [[:simple:Soul and gospel|Soul and gospel]] ## [[:simple:Rock and roll|Rock and roll]] ### [[:simple:Heavy metal|Heavy metal]] ## [[:simple:Traditional|Traditional]] ### [[:simple:Gamelan|Gamelan]] ### [[:simple:Indian classical music|Indian classical music]] # [[:simple:Musical instruments|Musical instruments]] ## [[:simple:Drum|Drum]] ## [[:simple:Flute|Flute]] ## [[:simple:Guitar|Guitar]] ## [[:simple:Piano|Piano]] ## [[:simple:String instrument|String instrument]] ## [[:simple:Trumpet|Trumpet]] ## [[:simple:Violin|Violin]] == Science == At least a five-sentence introduction to the major fields: === Astronomy === # [[:simple:Astronomy|Astronomy]] # [[:simple:Asteroid|Asteroid]] # [[:simple:Big Bang|Big Bang]] # Black hole # [[:simple:Comet|Comet]] # [[:simple:Earth|Earth]] # [[:simple:Galaxy|Galaxy]] # [[:simple:Jupiter (planet)|Jupiter]] # [[:simple:Light year|Light year]] # [[:simple:Mars (planet)|Mars]] # [[:simple:Mercury (planet)|Mercury]] # [[:simple:Milky Way|Milky Way]] # [[:simple:Moon|Moon]] # [[:simple:Neptune (planet)|Neptune]] # [[:simple:Planet|Planet]] # [[:simple:Pluto (planet)|Pluto]] # [[:simple:Saturn (planet)|Saturn]] # [[:simple:Solar System|Solar System]] # [[:simple:Star|Star]] # [[:simple:Sun|Sun]] # [[:simple:Uranus (planet)|Uranus]] # [[:simple:Venus (planet)|Venus]] === Biology === # [[:simple:Biology|Biology]] ==== Biological materials ==== # [[:simple:DNA|DNA]] # [[:simple:Enzyme|Enzyme]] # [[:simple:Protein|Protein]] ==== Mammalian anatomy ==== # [[:simple:Digestive system|Digestive system]] ## [[:simple:Large intestine|Large intestine]] ## [[:simple:Small intestine|Small intestine]] ## [[:simple:Liver|Liver]] # [[:simple:Respiratory system|Respiratory system]] ## [[:simple:Lungs|Lungs]] # [[:simple:Skeletal system|Skeletal system]] # [[:simple:Nervous system|Nervous system]] ## [[:simple:Brain|Brain]] ## [[:simple:Sensory system|Sensory system]] ### [[:simple:Auditory system|Auditory system]] #### [[:simple:Ear|Ear]] ### [[:simple:Visual system|Visual system]] #### [[:simple:Eye|Eye]] ### [[:simple:Olfactory system|Olfactory system]] ### [[:simple:Gustatory system|Gustatory system]] ### [[:simple:Somatosensory system|Somatosensory system]] # [[:simple:Endocrine system|Endocrine system]] # [[:simple:Circulatory system|Circulatory system]] ## [[:simple:Blood|Blood]] ## [[:simple:Heart|Heart]] # [[:simple:Reproductive system|Reproductive system]] ## [[:simple:Penis|Penis]] ## [[:simple:Vagina|Vagina]] # [[:simple:Integumentary system|Integumentary system]] ## [[:simple:Skin|Skin]] # [[:simple:Breast|Breast]] ==== Biological processes ==== # [[:simple:Digestion|Digestion]] # [[:simple:Evolution |Evolution ]] # [[:simple:Excretion|Excretion]] # [[:simple:Photosynthesis|Photosynthesis]] # [[:simple:Pregnancy|Pregnancy]] # [[:simple:Reproduction|Reproduction]] # [[:simple:Respiration|Respiration]] ==== Organisms ==== # [[:simple:Animal|Animal]] ## Chordate ### [[:simple:Amphibian|Amphibian]] #### [[:simple:Frog|Frog]] ### [[:simple:Bird|Bird]] #### [[:simple:Dove|Dove]] #### [[:simple:Eagle|Eagle]] ### [[:simple:Fish|Fish]] #### [[:simple:Shark|Shark]] ### [[:simple:Mammal|Mammal]] #### [[:simple:Bat|Bat]] #### [[:simple:Bear|Bear]] #### [[:simple:Camel|Camel]] #### [[:simple:Cat|Cat]] #### [[:simple:Cattle|Cattle]] #### [[:simple:Dog|Dog]] #### [[:simple:Dolphin|Dolphin]] #### [[:simple:Elephant|Elephant]] #### [[:simple:Horse|Horse]] #### [[:simple:Sheep|Sheep]] #### [[:simple:Lion|Lion]] #### [[:simple:Mammoth|Mammoth]] #### [[:simple:Monkey|Monkey]] #### [[:simple:Pig|Pig]] #### [[:simple:Whale|Whale]] ### [[:simple:Reptile|Reptile]] #### [[:simple:Snake|Snake]] ## [[:simple:Insect|Insect]] ### [[:simple:Ant|Ant]] ### [[:simple:Bee|Bee]] ### [[:simple:Butterfly|Butterfly]] ## [[:simple:Arachnid|Arachnid]] # [[:simple:Archea|Archea]] # [[:simple:Bacterium|Bacterium]] # [[:simple:Fungus|Fungus]] # [[:simple:Plant|Plant]] ## [[:simple:Flower|Flower]] ## [[:simple:Palm|Palm]] ## [[:simple:Tree|Tree]] # Protist # [[:simple:Cell|Cell]] === Chemistry === # [[:simple:Chemistry|Chemistry]] # [[:simple:Element|Element]] # [[:simple:List of elements|List of elements]] # [[:simple:Biochemistry|Biochemistry]] # [[:simple:Organic chemistry|Organic chemistry]] # [[:simple:Periodic table|Periodic table]] # [[:simple:Aluminium|Aluminium]] # [[:simple:Carbon|Carbon]] # [[:simple:Copper|Copper]] # [[:simple:Gold|Gold]] # [[:simple:Iron|Iron]] # [[:simple:Helium|Helium]] # [[:simple:Hydrogen|Hydrogen]] # [[:simple:Lithium|Lithium]] # [[:simple:Neon|Neon]] # [[:simple:Nitrogen|Nitrogen]] # [[:simple:Oxygen|Oxygen]] # [[:simple:Silver|Silver]] # [[:simple:Zinc|Zinc]] === Ecology === # [[:simple:Ecology|Ecology]] # Species ## Endangered species === Geology === # [[:simple:Basalt|Basalt]] # [[:simple:Flint|Flint]] # [[:simple:Limestone|Limestone]] # Earth (Geology) === Medicine === # [[:simple:Medicine|Medicine]] # [[:simple:AIDS|AIDS]] # [[:simple:Alcoholism|Alcoholism]] # [[:simple:Cancer|Cancer]] # [[:simple:Cirrhosis of the liver|Cirrhosis of the liver]] # [[:simple:Cholera|Cholera]] # [[:simple:Dentistry|Dentistry]] # [[:simple:Diabetes mellitus|Diabetes mellitus]] # [[:simple:Dysentery|Dysentery]] # [[:simple:Heart disease|Heart disease]] # [[:simple:Hypertension|Hypertension]] # [[:simple:Influenza|Influenza]] # [[:simple:Lung cancer|Lung cancer]] # [[:simple:Malaria|Malaria]] # [[:simple:Malnutrtion|Malnutrtion]] # [[:simple:Obesity|Obesity]] # [[:simple:Sexually transmitted disease|Sexually transmitted disease]] # [[:simple:Smallpox|Smallpox]] # [[:simple:Stroke|Stroke]] # [[:simple:Syphilis|Syphilis]] # [[:simple:Tuberculosis|Tuberculosis]] # [[:simple:Virus|Virus]] # [[:simple:Blindness|Blindness]] # [[:simple:Mental Illness|Mental Illness]] # [[:simple:Deafness|Deafness]] === Weather === # [[:simple:Cloud|Cloud]] # [[:simple:El Niño|El Niño]] # [[:simple:Global Warming|Global Warming]] # [[:simple:Tornado|Tornado]] # [[:simple:Tropical cyclone|Tropical cyclone]] # [[:simple:Rain|Rain]] # [[:simple:Snow|Snow]] === Physics === # [[:simple:Physics|Physics]] # [[:simple:Atom|Atom]] ## [[:simple:Electron|Electron]] ## [[:simple:Neutron|Neutron]] ## [[:simple:Proton|Proton]] # [[:simple:Energy|Energy]] ## [[:simple:Electromagnetic radiation|Electromagnetic radiation]] ### [[:simple:Radio|Radio]] ### IR ### Visible #### [[:simple:Spectrum|Spectrum]] #### [[:simple:Black|Black]] #### [[:simple:White|White]] #### [[:simple:Red|Red]] #### [[:simple:Yellow|Yellow]] #### [[:simple:Green|Green]] #### [[:simple:Blue|Blue]] ### UV ### [[:simple:Gamma|Gamma]] # [[:simple:Isotope|Isotope]] # [[:simple:Molecule|Molecule]] # [[:simple:Light|Light]] #Forces ## [[:simple:Gravitation|Gravitation]] ## [[:simple:Electromagnetism|Electromagnetism]] ## [[:simple:Weak nuclear force|Weak nuclear force]] ## [[:simple:Strong nuclear force|Strong nuclear force]] # Acceleration # Force # [[:simple:Mass|Mass]] # [[:simple:Speed|Speed]] # [[:simple:Time|Time]] # [[:simple:Velocity|Velocity]] # [[:simple:Weight|Weight]] # [[:simple:Quantum mechanics|Quantum mechanics]] # [[:simple:Theory of relativity|Theory of relativity]] === Human sciences === # [[:simple:Anthropology|Anthropology]] # [[:simple:Education|Education]] # [[:simple:Pedagogy|Pedagogy]] # [[:simple:Psychology|Psychology]] # [[:simple:Sociology|Sociology]] === Non-energy-related Resources === # [[:simple:Minerals|Minerals]] ## [[:simple:Iron|Iron]] ## [[:simple:Aluminum|Aluminum]] ## [[:simple:Tin|Tin]] ## [[:simple:Gold|Gold]] ## [[:simple:Silver|Silver]] ## [[:simple:Bronze|Bronze]] # [[:simple:Diamond|Diamond]] # [[:simple:Salt|Salt]] === SI units and others === # [[:simple:SI Unit System|SI Unit System]] # [[:simple:Metre|Metre]] # [[:simple:Litre|Litre]] # [[:simple:Kilogram|Kilogram]] # [[:simple:Volt|Volt]] # [[:simple:Watt|Watt]] # [[:simple:Newton|Newton]] === Calendars and timekeeping=== # [[:simple:Calendar|Calendar]] # [[:simple:Day|Day]] ## [[:simple:Gregorian calendar|Gregorian calendar]] ### Day-of-week algorithm ### Calculation of date of Easter ### [[:simple:Leap year|Leap year]] # [[:simple:Month|Month]] # [[:simple:Time zone|Time zone]] ## [[:simple:Daylight Savings Time|Daylight Savings Time]] # [[:simple:Year|Year]] # (article about each of the months of the year) # [[:simple:Chinese calendar|Chinese calendar]] == Technology == === Computers === # [[:simple:Computer|Computer]] ## [[:simple:Processor|Processor]] ## [[:simple:RAM|RAM]] ## [[:simple:Motherboard|Motherboard]] ## [[:simple:Hard disk|Hard disk]] ## [[:simple:Boot loader|Boot loader]] # [[:simple:Artificial Intelligence|Artificial Intelligence]] # [[:simple:Computer science|Computer science]] ## [[:simple:Algorithm|Algorithm]] # [[:simple:Operating system|Operating system]] ## [[:simple:Microsoft Windows|Microsoft Windows]] ## [[:simple:Mac OS|Mac OS]] ## [[:simple:GNU and Linux|GNU and Linux]] ## [[:simple:Unix|Unix]] # [[:simple:Programming language|Programming language]] ## [[:simple:C|C]] ## [[:simple:C plus plus|C++]] ## [[:simple:Java|Java]] ## [[:simple:Pascal|Pascal]] ## [[:simple:PHP|PHP]] # [[:simple:Software|Software]] # [[:simple:User interface|User interface]] ## [[:simple:Mouse|Mouse]] ## [[:simple:Keyboard|Keyboard]] ## [[:simple:Monitor|Monitor]] === Common technology === # [[:simple:Coinage|Coinage]] # [[:simple:Engineering|Engineering]] # [[:simple:Inclined plane|Inclined plane]] # [[:simple:Lever|Lever]] # [[:simple:Metallurgy|Metallurgy]] # [[:simple:Pulley|Pulley]] # [[:simple:Screw|Screw]] # [[:simple:Wedge|Wedge]] # [[:simple:Wheel|Wheel]] === Communication === # [[:simple:Letters / Alphabet|Letters / Alphabet]] ## [[:simple:Chinese character|Chinese character]] ## [[:simple:Cyrillic alphabet|Cyrillic alphabet]] ## [[:simple:Greek alphabet|Greek alphabet]] ## [[:simple:Latin alphabet|Latin alphabet]] ## [[:simple:Literacy|Literacy]] # [[:simple:Information|Information]] # [[:simple:Internet|Internet]] ## [[:simple:E-mail|E-mail]] ## [[:simple:Internet protocol|Internet protocol]] ## [[:simple:TCP|TCP]] ## [[:simple:World Wide Web|World Wide Web]] ### [[:simple:Web browser|Web browser]] ## [[:simple:HTTP|HTTP]] ## [[:simple:HTML|HTML]] ## [[:simple:Wiki|Wiki]] # [[:simple:Journalism|Journalism]] ## [[:simple:Newspaper|Newspaper]] ## [[:simple:Mass media|Mass media]] ## [[:simple:Radio|Radio]] # [[:simple:Printing|Printing]] # [[:simple:Railroad|Railroad]] # [[:simple:Telegraph|Telegraph]] # [[:simple:Telephone|Telephone]] ## [[:simple:Mobile telephone|Mobile telephone]] # [[:simple:Television|Television]] # [[:simple:Writing|Writing]] === Electronics === # [[:simple:Electronics|Electronics]] ## [[:simple:Voltage|Voltage]] ## [[:simple:Current|Current]] ## [[:simple:Charge|Charge]] ## [[:simple:Frequency|Frequency]] ## [[:simple:Phase|Phase]] ## [[:simple:Resistance|Resistance]] ## [[:simple:Reactance|Reactance]] ## [[:simple:Inductance|Inductance]] ## [[:simple:Capacitance|Capacitance]] ## [[:simple:Gain|Gain]] # [[:simple:Components|Components]] ## [[:simple:Transistor|Transistor]] ## [[:simple:Diode|Diode]] ## [[:simple:Resistor|Resistor]] ## [[:simple:Capacitor|Capacitor]] ## [[:simple:Transformer|Transformer]] ## [[:simple:Inductor|Inductor]] === Food production === # Grain grinding # Irrigation # Knife # Plough # Pottery === Harnessing energy === # [[:simple:Combustion engine|Combustion engine]] # [[:simple:Electricity|Electricity]] ## [[:simple:Nuclear|Nuclear]] # [[:simple:Fossil fuels|Fossil fuels]] ## [[:simple:Coal|Coal]] ## [[:simple:Gas|Gas]] ## [[:simple:Oil|Oil]] # [[:simple:Fire|Fire]] # [[:simple:Renewable energy sources|Renewable energy sources]] ## [[:simple:Solar|Solar]] ## [[:simple:Hydro|Hydro]] ## [[:simple:Wind|Wind]] ## [[:simple:Waves|Waves]] ## [[:simple:Wood|Wood]] # [[:simple:Steam engine|Steam engine]] === Materials === # [[:simple:Glass|Glass]] # [[:simple:Paper|Paper]] # [[:simple:Plastic|Plastic]] === Transportation === # [[:simple:Transportation|Transportation]] ## [[:simple:Airplane|Airplane]] ## [[:simple:Car|Car]] ## [[:simple:Bicycle|Bicycle]] ## [[:simple:Boat|Boat]] ## [[:simple:Ship|Ship]] ## [[:simple:Train|Train]] === Weapons === # [[:simple:Axe|Axe]] # [[:simple:Explosives|Explosives]] # [[:simple:Firearms|Firearms]] # [[:simple:Gunpowder|Gunpowder]] # [[:simple:Machine gun|Machine gun]] # [[:simple:Martial arts|Martial arts]] # [[:simple:Nuclear weapons|Nuclear weapons]] # [[:simple:Sword|Sword]] # [[:simple:Tank|Tank]] == Industry == # Manufacturing # Mining # Refining == Foodstuffs == # Barley # [[:simple:Bread|Bread]] # [[:simple:Cheese|Cheese]] # Chocolate # Cotton # Honey # [[:simple:Fruit|Fruit]] ## [[:simple:Apple|Apple]] ## [[:simple:Banana|Banana]] ## Grape ## [[:simple:Lemon|Lemon]] ## [[:simple:Orange|Orange]] # Maize # Oats # [[:simple:Potato|Potato]] # Rice # Sorghum # Soya bean # Sugar # Tobacco # Vegetable # Wheat === Beverages === # [[:simple:Alcohol|Alcohol]] ## [[:simple:Beer|Beer]] ## [[:simple:Wine|Wine]] # Cola # Coffee # Tea # [[:simple:Water|Water]] # [[:simple:Milk|Milk]] == Language == # [[:simple:Language|Language]] # Dialect # [[:simple:Grammar|Grammar]] # [[:simple:Linguistics|Linguistics]] # [[:simple:Pronunciation|Pronunciation]] # [[:simple:Syntax|Syntax]] # [[:simple:Word|Word]] # (article about the language specific to that Wikipedia) # [[:simple:Arabic|Arabic]] # [[:simple:Bengali|Bengali]] # [[:simple:English|English]] # [[:simple:Esperanto|Esperanto]] # [[:simple:French|French]] # [[:simple:German|German]] # [[:simple:Greek|Greek]] # [[:simple:Hebrew|Hebrew]] # [[:simple:Hindi|Hindi]] # [[:simple:Japanese language|Japanese]] # [[:simple:Latin|Latin]] # [[:simple:Russian|Russian]] # [[:simple:Sanskrit|Sanskrit]] # [[:simple:Spanish|Spanish]] # Mandarin Chinese (Putonghua)  # Tamil # Turkish  == Mathematics == # [[:simple:Mathematics|Mathematics]] # [[:simple:Algebra|Algebra]] # [[:simple:Axiom|Axiom]] # [[:simple:Calculus|Calculus]] ## [[:simple:Integration|Integration]] ## [[:simple:Differentiation|Differentiation]] # [[:simple:Geometry|Geometry]] ## [[:simple:Circle|Circle]] ### [[:simple:Pi|Pi]] ## [[:simple:Square|Square]] ## [[:simple:Triangle|Triangle]] # Group theory # Mathematical logic # Mathematical proof ## Proof by deduction ## Proof by induction ## Proof by contradiction # [[:simple:Number|Number]] ## Complex number ## [[:simple:Integer|Integer]] ## Natural number ## [[:simple:Prime number|Prime number]] ## Rational number # [[:simple:Infinity|Infinity]] # Set theory # [[:simple:Statistics|Statistics]] # [[:simple:Trigonometry|Trigonometry]] == Military == # Army ## Artillery ##Cavalry ## Infantry # Navy # Airforce == Sports and games == # [[:simple:Sports|Sports]] ## [[:simple:Olympics|Olympics]] ## [[:simple:Football World Cup|Football World Cup]] ## [[:simple:Athletics|Athletics]] ## [[:simple:Badminton|Badminton]] ## [[:simple:Baseball|Baseball]] ## [[:simple:Basketball|Basketball]] ## [[:simple:Cricket|Cricket]] ## [[:simple:Fencing|Fencing]] ## [[:simple:Ice hockey|Ice hockey]] ## [[:simple:Judo|Judo]] ## [[:simple:Motor racing|Motor racing]] ## [[:simple:Rugby|Rugby]] ## [[:simple:Soccer|Soccer]] ## [[:simple:Tennis|Tennis]] ## [[:simple:Volleyball|Volleyball]] ## [[:simple:Waterpolo|Waterpolo]] ## [[:simple:Wrestling|Wrestling]] # [[:simple:Games|Games]] ## [[:simple:Backgammon|Backgammon]] ## [[:simple:Checkers|Checkers]] ## [[:simple:Chess|Chess]] ## [[:simple:Go|Go]] ## [[:simple:Mancala|Mancala]] # [[:simple:Gambling|Gambling]] :''If you support this effort, please add to the list. We can then decide what the basic sentences can be for each article.'' [[Category:Proposals]] [[Category:Multilingualism]] 5071 2006-04-18T17:34:18Z Proof 83 interwikis There are a growing number of Wikipedia projects, some very active, and others quite moribund. I propose that we invigorate them, and ensure that they each contain a minimum of information that will be of use to users. This way, people will be encouraged to use these projects and help in their growth. I therefore suggest that we make a list of 1,000 basic articles that we should try to encourage to appear on every existing Wikipedia. : It still remains to define how detailed these 'articles' should be; or better yet, the list should include both significant articles (primary elements) and secondary topics/articles, which should either get short paragraph-length stubs, or be covered by a longer article. These articles should be very basic, and incorporate the most essential information. In some cases, it will be only a table, while in other cases, it will be a stub. This will, however, provide some impetus for the smaller projects to grow. This project hopes to create easily translatable versions of these articles, containing core information at [[simple:Wikipedia:List of articles all languages should have]]. :''If you support this effort, please add to the list.'' == How to use this list == There are several different ways to use this list. The first is to translate it into the language of your Wikipedia and see whether you have articles on all of these topics. The topics will eventually all be linked to articles in the Simple English Wikipedia. If you are missing an article, or if you are starting out with a new language, you may want to translate these basic articles. You can also check the language links in the Simple English articles for more comprehensive coverage of the topics in many other languages. == Biography == At least two paragraphes on 100 key historical figures  === Actors === # [[:simple:Clara Bow]] # [[:simple:Marlon Brando]] # [[:simple:Charlie Chaplin]] # [[:simple:Joan Crawford]] # [[:simple:James Dean]] # [[:simple:Douglas Fairbanks]] # [[:simple:Greta Garbo]] # [[:simple:Jean Harlow]] # [[:simple:Carole Lombard]] # [[:simple:Marilyn Monroe]] # [[:simple:Jack Pickford]] # [[:simple:Norma Shearer]] # [[:simple:Gloria Swanson]] # [[:simple:John Wayne]] === Artists === # [[:simple:Michelangelo Buonarroti|Michelangelo Buonarroti]] # [[:simple:Paul Cézanne|Paul Cézanne]] # [[:simple:Vincent van Gogh|Vincent van Gogh]] # [[:simple:Katsushika Hokusai|Katsushika Hokusai]] # [[:simple:Frida Kahlo|Frida Kahlo]] # [[:simple:Claude Monet|Claude Monet]] # [[:simple:Georgia O'Keefe|Georgia O'Keefe]] # [[:simple:Pablo Picasso|Pablo Picasso]] # [[:simple:Jackson Pollock|Jackson Pollock]] # [[:simple:Nicolas Poussin|Nicolas Poussin]] # [[:simple:Rembrandt van Rijn|Rembrandt van Rijn]] # [[:simple:Auguste Rodin|Auguste Rodin]] # [[:simple:Rafael Sancho|Rafael Sancho]] # [[:simple:Andy Warhol|Andy Warhol]] === Authors, playwrights and poets ===  # [[:simple:Dante Alighieri|Dante Alighieri]] # [[:simple:Hans Christian Andersen|Hans Christian Andersen]] # [[:simple:Aristophanes|Aristophanes]] # [[:simple:Isaac Asimov|Isaac Asimov]] # [[:simple:Jane Austen|Jane Austen]] # [[:simple:Bertolt Brecht|Bertolt Brecht]] # [[:simple:Lord Byron|Lord Byron]] # [[:simple:Miguel de Cervantes|Miguel de Cervantes]] # [[:simple:Anton Chekhov|Anton Chekhov]] # [[:simple:Emily Dickinson|Emily Dickinson]] # [[:simple:Fyodor Dostoevsky|Fyodor Dostoevsky]] # [[:simple:Arthur Conan Doyle|Arthur Conan Doyle]] # [[:simple:Alexandre Dumas|Alexandre Dumas]] # [[:simple:F. Scott Fitzgerald|F. Scott Fitzgerald]] # [[:simple:Grimm Brothers|Grimm Brothers]] # [[:simple:Dashiell Hammett|Dashiell Hammett]] # [[:simple:Nathaniel Hawthorne|Nathaniel Hawthorne]] # [[:simple:Ernest Hemingway|Ernest Hemingway]] # [[:simple:Hildegard of Bingen|Hildegard of Bingen]] # [[:simple:Homer|Homer]] # [[:simple:Victor Hugo|Victor Hugo]] # [[:simple:Langston Hughes|Langston Hughes]] # [[:simple:Henrik Ibsen|Henrik Ibsen]] # [[:simple:James Joyce|James Joyce]] # [[:simple:Franz Kafka|Franz Kafka]] # [[:simple:Astrid Lindgren|Astrid Lindgren]] # [[:simple:Thomas Mann|Thomas Mann]] # [[:simple:Edna St. Vincent Millay|Edna St. Vincent Millay]] # [[:simple:Arthur Miller|Arthur Miller]] # [[:simple:Moliere|Moliere]] # [[:simple:Pablo Neruda|Pablo Neruda]] # [[:simple:Sylvia Plath|Sylvia Plath]] # [[:simple:Edgar Allan Poe|Edgar Allan Poe]] # [[:simple:Marcel Proust|Marcel Proust]] # [[:simple:Alexandr Pushkin|Alexandr Pushkin]] # [[:simple:Rainer Maria Rilke|Rainer Maria Rilke]] # [[:simple:Carl Sandburg|Carl Sandburg]] # [[:simple:Sappho|Sappho]] # [[:simple:Jean-Paul Sartre|Jean-Paul Sartre]] # [[:simple:William Shakespeare|William Shakespeare]] # [[:simple:George Bernard Shaw|George Bernard Shaw]] # [[:simple:Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley|Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley]] # [[:simple:Murasaki Shikibu|Murasaki Shikibu]] # [[:simple:Sophocles|Sophocles]] # [[:simple:Robert Louis Stevenson|Robert Louis Stevenson]] # [[:simple:JRR Tolkien|JRR Tolkien]] # [[:simple:Leo Tolstoy|Leo Tolstoy]] # [[:simple:Mark Twain|Mark Twain]] # [[:simple:Jules Verne|Jules Verne]] # [[:simple:Virgil|Virgil]] # [[:simple:H. G. Wells|H. G. Wells]] # [[:simple:Walt Whitman|Walt Whitman]] # [[:simple:Oscar Wilde|Oscar Wilde]] # [[:simple:WB Yeats|WB Yeats]] === Composers and musicians === # [[:simple:Johann Sebastian Bach|Johann Sebastian Bach]] # [[:simple:The Beatles|The Beatles]] # [[:simple:Ludwig van Beethoven|Ludwig van Beethoven]] # [[:simple:Fryderyk Chopin|Fryderyk Chopin]] # [[:simple:Antonín Dvořák|Antonín Dvořák]] # [[:simple:Aretha Franklin|Aretha Franklin]] # [[:simple:Gustav Mahler|Gustav Mahler]] # [[:simple:Claudio Monteverdi|Claudio Monteverdi]] # [[:simple:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] # [[:simple:Elvis Presley|Elvis Presley]] # [[:simple:The Rolling Stones|The Rolling Stones]] # [[:simple:Richard Wagner|Richard Wagner]] === Explorers === # [[:simple:Roald Amundsen|Roald Amundsen]] # [[:simple:Willem Barentz|Willem Barentz]] # [[:simple:Vitus Bering|Vitus Bering]] # [[:simple:Jacques Cartier|Jacques Cartier]] # [[:simple:Christopher Columbus|Christopher Columbus]] # [[:simple:James Cook|James Cook]] # [[:simple:Hernán Cortés|Hernán Cortés]] # [[:simple:Francis Drake|Francis Drake]] # [[:simple:Leif Ericsson|Leif Ericsson]] # [[:simple:Vasco da Gama|Vasco da Gama]] # [[:simple:Edmund Hilary|Edmund Hillary]] # [[:simple:Tenzing Norgay|Tenzing Norgay]] # [[:simple:Ferdinand Magellan|Ferdinand Magellan]] # [[:simple:Marco Polo|Marco Polo]] # [[:simple:Abel Tasman|Abel Tasman]] # [[:simple:Zheng He|Zheng He]] === Film directors and screenwriters === # [[:simple:Dorothy Arzner|Dorothy Arzner]] # [[:simple:Ingmar Bergman|Ingmar Bergman]] # [[:simple:Michael Curtiz|Michael Curtiz]] # [[:simple:Cecil B. DeMille|Cecil B. DeMille]] # [[:simple:Walt Disney|Walt Disney]] # [[:simple:Sergei Eisenstein|Sergei Eisenstein]] # [[:simple:John Ford|John Ford]] # [[:simple:D. W. Griffith|D. W. Griffith]] # [[:simple:Howard Hawks|Howard Hawks]] # [[:simple:Alfred Hitchcock|Alfred Hitchcock]] # [[:simple:Akira Kurosawa|Akira Kurosawa]] # [[:simple:Fritz Lang|Fritz Lang]] # [[:simple:Mitchell Leisen|Mitchell Leisen]] # [[:simple:George Lucas|George Lucas]] # [[:simple:Frances Marion|Frances Marion]] # [[:simple:Jean Renoir|Jean Renoir]] # [[:simple:Leni Riefenstahl|Leni Riefenstahl]] # [[:simple:Martin Scorsese|Martin Scorsese]] # [[:simple:Steven Spielberg|Steven Spielberg]] === Inventors, scientists and mathematicians === # [[:simple:Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Musa al-Khwarizmi|Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Musa al-Khwarizmi]] # [[:simple:Archimedes|Archimedes]] # [[:simple:John Logie Baird|John Logie Baird]] # [[:simple:Alexander Graham Bell|Alexander Graham Bell]] # [[:simple:Carl Benz|Carl Benz]] # [[:simple:Tim Berners-Lee|Tim Berners-Lee]] # [[:simple:Niels Bohr|Niels Bohr]] # [[:simple:Tycho Brahe|Tycho Brahe]] # [[:simple:Rachel Carson|Rachel Carson]] # [[:simple:Nicolaus Copernicus|Nicolaus Copernicus]] # [[:simple:Marie Curie|Marie Curie]] ([[:simple:Maria Skłodowska-Curie|Maria Skłodowska-Curie]]) # [[:simple:Charles Darwin|Charles Darwin]] # [[:simple:Albert Einstein|Albert Einstein]] ([[List_of_articles_all_languages_should_have/Albert_Einstein|see current status]], [http://meta.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Template:AlbertEinstein&action=edit edit current status]) # [[:simple:Thomas Alva Edison|Thomas Alva Edison]] # [[:simple:Leonhard Euler|Leonhard Euler]] # [[:simple:Enrico Fermi|Enrico Fermi]] # [[:simple:Richard Feynman|Richard Feynman]] # [[:simple:Alexander Fleming|Alexander Fleming]] # [[:simple:Henry Ford|Henry Ford]] # [[:simple:Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier|Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier]] # [[:simple:Sigmund Freud|Sigmund Freud]] # [[:simple:Buckminster Fuller|Buckminster Fuller]] # [[:simple:Kazimierz Funk|Kazimierz Funk]] # [[:simple:Galileo Galilei|Galileo Galilei]] # [[:simple:Bill Gates|Bill Gates]] # [[:simple:Karl Friedrich Gauss|Karl Friedrich Gauss]] # [[:simple:Kurt Gödel|Kurt Gödel]] # [[:simple:Johann Gutenberg|Johann Gutenberg]] # [[:simple:David Hilbert|David Hilbert]] # [[:simple:Huygens|Huygens]] # [[:simple:Hypatia|Hypatia]] # [[:simple:Edward Jenner|Edward Jenner]] # [[:simple:Steve Jobs|Steve Jobs]] # [[:simple:Johannes Kepler|Johannes Kepler]] # [[:simple:John Maynard Keynes|John Maynard Keynes]] # [[:simple:Donald Knuth|Donald Knuth]] # [[:simple:Pierre-Simon Laplace|Pierre-Simon Laplace]] # [[:simple:Gottfried Leibniz|Gottfried Leibniz]] # [[:simple:Carolus Linnaeus|Carolus Linnaeus]] # [[:simple:Ignacy Łukasiewicz|Ignacy Łukasiewicz]] # [[:simple:James Clerk Maxwell|James Clerk Maxwell]] # [[:simple:Isaac Newton|Isaac Newton]] # [[:simple:Alfred Nobel|Alfred Nobel]] # [[:simple:Hans Christian Oersted|Hans Christian Oersted]] # [[:simple:Louis Pasteur|Louis Pasteur]] # [[:simple:Dennis Ritchie|Dennis Ritchie]] # [[:simple:Ole Christensen Roemer|Ole Christensen Roemer]] # [[:simple:Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen|Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen]] # [[:simple:Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann|Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann]] # [[:simple:Ernest Rutherford|Ernest Rutherford]] # [[:simple:Richard Stallman|Richard Stallman]] # [[:simple:Nikola Tesla|Nikola Tesla]] # [[:simple:Thales|Thales]] # [[:simple:Linus Torvalds|Linus Torvalds]] # [[:simple:Alan Turing|Alan Turing]] # [[:simple:Leonardo Da Vinci|Leonardo Da Vinci]] # [[:simple:Wright Brothers|The Wright Brothers]] === Social scientists (philosophers, economists, historians and thinkers) === # [[:simple:Thomas Aquinas|Thomas Aquinas]] # [[:simple:Aristotle|Aristotle]] # [[:simple:Augustinus|Augustinus]] # [[:simple:Averroes|Averroes]] # [[:simple:Matsuo Basho|Matsuo Basho]] # [[:simple:Simone de Beauvoir|Simone de Beauvoir]] # [[:simple:Confucius|Confucius]] # [[:simple:Rene Descartes|Rene Descartes]] # [[:simple:Ralph Waldo Emerson|Ralph Waldo Emerson]] # [[:simple:Edward Gibbon|Edward Gibbon]] # [[:simple:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe|Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] # [[:simple:Germaine Greer|Germaine Greer]] # [[:simple:Herodotus|Herodotus]] # [[:simple:Hippocrates|Hippocrates]] # [[:simple:Immanuel Kant|Immanuel Kant]] # [[:simple:Lao Tzu|Lao Tzu]] # [[:simple:Li Po|Li Po]] # [[:simple:Martin Luther|Martin Luther]] # [[:simple:Rosa Luxemburg|Rosa Luxemburg]] # [[:simple:Soeren Kierkegaard|Soeren Kierkegaard]] # [[:simple:Martin Luther King, Jr.|Martin Luther King, Jr.]] # [[:simple:Karl Marx|Karl Marx]] # [[:simple:Nagarjuna|Nagarjuna]] # [[:simple:Friedrich Nietzsche|Friedrich Nietzsche]] # [[:simple:Tom Paine|Tom Paine]] # [[:simple:Plato|Plato]] # [[:simple:Pythagoras|Pythagoras]] # [[:simple:Sima Qian|Sima Qian]] # [[:simple:Jean-Jacques Rousseau|Jean-Jacques Rousseau]] # [[:simple:Bertrand Russell|Bertrand Russell]] # [[:simple:Adam Smith|Adam Smith]] # [[:simple:Socrates|Socrates]] # [[:simple:Sun Tzu|Sun Tzu]] # [[:simple:Tu Fu|Tu Fu]] # [[:simple:Voltaire|Voltaire]] # [[:simple:Mary Wollstonecraft|Mary Wollstonecraft]] # [[:simple:Zeami|Zeami]] === Politicans, leaders and aristocrats === # [[:simple:Akbar the Great|Akbar the Great]] # [[:simple:Alexander the Great|Alexander the Great]] # [[:simple:Kofi Annan|Kofi Annan]] # [[:simple:Kemal Atatürk|Kemal Atatürk]] # [[:simple:Attila the Hun|Attila the Hun]] # [[:simple:Caesar Augustus|Caesar Augustus]] # [[:simple:Hastings Kamuzu Banda|Hastings Kamuzu Banda]] # [[:simple:Pope Benedict XVI|Pope Benedict XVI]] # [[:simple:Silvio Berlusconi|Silvio Berlusconi]] # [[:simple:Otto von Bismarck|Otto von Bismarck]] # [[:simple:Tony Blair|Tony Blair]] # [[:simple:Simón Bolívar|Simón Bolívar]] # [[:simple:Napoléon Bonaparte|Napoléon Bonaparte]] # [[:simple:Lucrezia Borgia|Lucrezia Borgia]] # [[:simple:Gro Harlem Brundtland|Gro Harlem Brundtland]] # [[:simple:George W. Bush|George W. Bush]] # [[:simple:Fidel Castro|Fidel Castro]] # [[:simple:Catherine the Great|Catherine the Great]], Empress of Russia # [[:simple:Charlemagne|Charlemagne]] # [[:simple:Cixi|Cixi]] (Tse Hsi, Tz'u-hsi) (The Dowager Empress of China, 1835 - 1908) # [[:simple:Jacques Chirac|Jacques Chirac]] # [[:simple:Winston Churchill|Winston Churchill]] # [[:simple:Cleopatra|Cleopatra]] # [[:simple:Princess Diana Spencer|Princess Diana Spencer]] # [[:simple:Indira Gandhi|Indira Gandhi]] # [[:simple:Constantine the Great|Constantine the Great]] # [[:simple:Queen Elizabeth I|Queen Elizabeth I]] (of England) # [[:simple:Queen Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] (of England) # [[:simple:Franz Ferdinand|Franz Ferdinand]] # [[:simple:Charles de Gaulle|Charles de Gaulle]] # [[:simple:Mikhail Gorbachev|Mikhail Gorbachev]] # [[:simple:Hammurabi|Hammurabi]] # [[:simple:Hannibal|Hannibal]] # [[:simple:Hirohito, Emperor of Japan|Hirohito, Emperor of Japan]] # [[:simple:Adolf Hitler|Adolf Hitler]] # [[:simple:Thomas Jefferson|Thomas Jefferson]] # [[:simple:Pope John Paul II|Pope John Paul II]] # [[:simple:Julius Caesar|Julius Caesar]] # [[:simple:Kaahumanu|Kaahumanu]] # [[:simple:Genghis Khan|Genghis Khan]] # [[:simple:Lenin|Vladimir Ilyich Lenin]] # [[:simple:Queen Liliuokalani|Queen Liliuokalani]] # [[:simple:Abraham Lincoln|Abraham Lincoln]] # [[:simple:Makeda|Makeda]], Queen of Sheba (Ethiopia) # [[:simple:Nelson Mandela|Nelson Mandela]] # [[:simple:Mao Tse-tung|Mao Tse-tung (Mao Zedong)]] # [[:simple:Maria Theresa of Austria|Maria Theresa of Austria]] (Holy Roman Empress) # [[:simple:Queen Mary I of Scotland|Queen Mary I of Scotland]] # [[:simple:Catherine de' Medici|Catherine de' Medici]] # [[:simple:Golda Meir|Golda Meir]] # [[:simple:Mahathir bin Mohamad|Mahathir bin Mohamad]] # [[:simple:Benito Mussolini|Benito Mussolini]] # [[:simple:Nefertiti|Nefertiti]] # [[:simple:Kwame Nkrumah|Kwame Nkrumah]] # [[:simple:Eva Perón|Eva Perón]] # [[:simple:Peter the Great (of Russia)|Peter the Great]] # [[:simple:Józef Piłsudski|Józef Piłsudski]] # [[:simple:Pol Pot|Pol Pot]] # [[:simple:Vladimir Putin|Vladimir Putin]] # [[:simple:Qin Shi Huang|Qin Shi Huang]] # [[:simple:Eleanor Roosevelt|Eleanor Roosevelt]] # [[:simple:Franklin Delano Roosevelt|Franklin Delano Roosevelt]] # [[:simple:Saladin|Saladin]] # [[:simple:Gerhard Schröder|Gerhard Schröder]] # [[:simple:Semiramis|Semiramis]], Queen of Assyria # [[:simple:Shaka Zulu|Shaka Zulu]] # [[:simple:Sitting Bull|Sitting Bull]] # [[:simple:Josef Stalin|Josef Stalin]] # [[:simple:Tamerlane|Tamerlane]] # [[:simple:Margaret Thatcher|Margaret Thatcher]] # [[:simple:Leo Trotsky|Leo Trotsky]] # [[:simple:Harry Truman|Harry Truman]] # [[:simple:Queen Victoria|Queen Victoria]] (of the United Kingdom) # [[:simple:Lech Wałęsa|Lech Wałęsa]] # [[:simple:George Washington|George Washington]] # [[:simple:Emperor Wilhelm II (Germany)|Emperor Wilhelm II]] # [[:simple:Lee Kuan Yew|Lee Kuan Yew]] === Revolutionaries and activists === # [[:simple:Joan of Arc|Joan of Arc]] # [[:simple:Mohandas Gandhi|Mohandas Gandhi]] # [[:simple:Emma Goldman|Emma Goldman]] # [[:simple:Che Guevara|Ernesto "Che" Guevara]] # [[:simple:Mary Harris|Mary Harris]] (Mother Jones) # [[:simple:Helen Keller|Helen Keller]] # [[:simple:Osama bin Laden|Osama bin Laden]] # [[:simple:Florence Nightingale|Florence Nightingale]] # [[:simple:Rosa Parks|Rosa Parks]] # [[:simple:Emilia Plater|Emilia Plater]] # [[:simple:Gavrilo Princip|Gavrilo Princip]] # [[:simple:Mother Teresa of Calcutta|Mother Teresa of Calcutta]] # [[:simple:Sojourner Truth|Sojourner Truth]] # [[:simple:Harriet Tubman|Harriet Tubman]] == History == At least five sentences on: === Prehistory and ancient world === # [[:simple:Ancient Egypt|Ancient Egypt]] # [[:simple:Archaeology|Archaeology]] # [[:simple:Bronze Age|Bronze Age]] # [[:simple:Byzantine Empire|Byzantine Empire]] # [[:simple:Classical Greece|Classical Greece]] # [[:simple:Dinosaur|Dinosaur]] # [[:simple:Human evolution|Human evolution]] # [[:simple:Inca|Inca]] ## and other Andes cultures # [[:simple:Iron Age|Iron Age]] # [[:simple:Macedonian Empire|Macedonian Empire]] # [[:simple:Mesoamerica|Mesoamerica]] # [[:simple:Prehistory|Prehistory]] # [[:simple:Roman Empire|Roman Empire]] # [[:simple:Seljuk Empire|Seljuk Empire]] # [[:simple:Stone Age|Stone Age]] # [[:simple:Sumer|Sumer]] === Middle Ages and Renaissance === # [[:simple:Age of Enlightenment|Age of Enlightenment]] # [[:simple:American War of Independece|American War of Independece]] # [[:simple:Black Death|Black Death]] # [[:simple:British Empire|British Empire]] # [[:simple:Colonization of North-east America|Colonization of North-east America]] # [[:simple:Colonization of South America|Colonization of South America]] # [[:simple:Counter-Reformation|Counter-Reformation]] # [[:simple:Crusades|Crusades]] # [[:simple:Discovery of the Americas|Discovery of the Americas]] # [[:simple:Dutch Revolt|Dutch Revolt]] # [[:simple:English Civil War|English Civil War]] # [[:simple:French Revolution|French Revolution]] # [[:simple:The Great Schism|The Great Schism]] # [[:simple:Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation|Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation]] # [[:simple:Middle Ages|Middle Ages]] # [[:simple:Napoleonic Wars|Napoleonic Wars]] # [[:simple:Ottoman Empire|Ottoman Empire]] # [[:simple:Partitions of Poland|Partitions of Poland]] # [[:simple:Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth|Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth]] # [[:simple:Reformation |Reformation ]] # [[:simple:Renaissance|Renaissance]] # [[:simple:Spanish Inquisition|Spanish Inquisition]] # [[:simple:Vikings|Vikings]] ===Industrial age=== # [[:simple:1973 oil crisis|1973 oil crisis]] # [[:simple:Afghan-Soviet War|Afghan-Soviet War]] # [[:simple:American Civil War|American Civil War]] # [[:simple:Apartheid|Apartheid]] # [[:simple:Cold War|Cold War]] # [[:simple:Decolonization|Decolonization]] # [[:simple:Establishment of the State of Israel|Establishment of the State of Israel]] # [[:simple:Industrial Revolution|Industrial Revolution]] # [[:simple:Franco-Prussian War|Franco-Prussian War]] # [[:simple:German unification|German unification]] # Gulf wars # [[:simple:Great Depression|Great Depression]] # [[:simple:The Holocaust|The Holocaust]] # [[:simple:Iranian Revolution|Iranian Revolution]] # [[:simple:Italian unification|Italian unification]] # [[:simple:Korean War|Korean War]] # [[:simple:Meiji Restoration|Meiji Restoration]] # [[:simple:Nazi Germany|Nazi Germany]] # Outer space exploration (Sputnik, Apollo programs, shuttles) # [[:simple:Perestroika and dissolution of the Soviet Union|Perestroika and dissolution of the Soviet Union]] # [[:simple:Polish-Soviet War|Polish-Soviet War]] # [[:simple:Reunification of Germany|Reunification of Germany]] # [[:simple:Russian Civil War|Russian Civil War]] # [[:simple:Russian February Revolution|Russian February Revolution]] # [[:simple:Bolshevik Revolution |Bolshevik Revolution ]] # [[:simple:Solidarity in Poland |Solidarity in Poland ]] # [[:simple:Spanish Civil War|Spanish Civil War]] # [[:simple:The Scramble for Africa|The Scramble for Africa]] # [[:simple:Treaty of Versailles|Treaty of Versailles]] # [[:simple:Vietnam War|Vietnam War]] # [[:simple:World War I|World War I]] # [[:simple:World War II|World War II]] # [[:simple:Han Dynasty|Han Dynasty]] # [[:simple:Tang Dynasty|Tang Dynasty]] # [[:simple:Sung Dynasty|Sung Dynasty]] # [[:simple:Yuan Dynasty|Yuan Dynasty]] # [[:simple:Qing Dynasty|Qing Dynasty]] # [[:simple:Ming Dynasty|Ming Dynasty]] == Geography == # Earth science # Capital # City # Continent # Desert # Ocean # Rain forest # [[:simple:River|River]] # Sea # North Pole # South Pole === Continents and major regions === At least three sentences on each of the continents # [[:simple:Africa|Africa]] # [[:simple:Antarctica|Antarctica]] # [[:simple:Asia|Asia]] # [[:simple:Europe|Europe]] # Latin America # Middle East # [[:simple:North America|North America]] # [[:simple:Oceania|Oceania]] # [[:simple:South America|South America]] === Countries === # One sentence and the table on all countries in this list (203 articles): [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries] === Major cities === Cities with historical, economical, political and/or religious importance and significance # [[:simple:Athens |Athens ]] # [[:simple:Bangkok|Bangkok]] # [[:simple:Barcelona|Barcelona]] # [[:simple:Beijing|Beijing]] # [[:simple:Belgrade|Belgrade]] # [[:simple:Berlin|Berlin]] # [[:simple:Bombay|Bombay]] # [[:simple:Brussels|Brussels]] # [[:simple:Cairo|Cairo]] # [[:simple:Copenhagen|Copenhagen]] # [[:simple:Edinburgh|Edinburgh]] # [[:simple:Frankfurt|Frankfurt]] # [[:simple:Hanoi|Hanoi]] # [[:simple:Hong Kong|Hong Kong]] # [[:simple:Istanbul|Istanbul]] # [[:simple:Jakarta|Jakarta]] # [[:simple:Jerusalem|Jerusalem]] # [[:simple:London|London]] # [[:simple:Manila|Manila]] # [[:simple:Madrid|Madrid]] # [[:simple:Mecca|Mecca]] # [[:simple:Mexico City|Mexico City]] # [[:simple:Moscow|Moscow]] # [[:simple:Munich|Munich]] (München) # [[:simple:Nairobi|Nairobi]] # [[:simple:New Delhi|New Delhi]] # [[:simple:New York|New York]] # [[:simple:Paris|Paris]] # [[:simple:Rio de Janeiro|Rio de Janeiro]] # [[:simple:Rome|Rome]] # [[:simple:Shanghai|Shanghai]] # [[:simple:Singapore|Singapore]] # [[:simple:St. Petersburg|St. Petersburg]] # [[:simple:Stockholm|Stockholm]] # [[:simple:Sydney|Sydney]] # [[:simple:Taipei|Taipei]] # [[:simple:Tokyo|Tokyo]] # [[:simple:Toronto|Toronto]] # [[:simple:Vienna|Vienna]] # [[:simple:Warsaw|Warsaw]] # [[:simple:Washington, D.C.|Washington, D.C.]] === Bodies of water === # Amazon River # Aral Sea # Arctic Ocean # [[:simple:Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] # Baltic Sea # Black Sea # Caspian Sea # Dead Sea # Great Barrier Reef # Great Lakes # [[:simple:Indian Ocean|Indian Ocean]] # Lake Baikal # Lake Tanganyika # Lake Titicaca # Lake Victoria # Mediterranean Sea # [[:simple:Mississippi River|Mississippi River]] # Niagara falls # Nile River # North Sea # [[:simple:Pacific Ocean|Pacific Ocean]] # Panama Canal # Suez Canal # [[:simple:Southern Ocean|Southern Ocean]] === Mountains, valleys and deserts === # Alps # Andes # Great Rift Valley # Himalayas # Kilimanjaro # Mount Everest # Rocky Mountains # [[:simple:Sahara Desert|Sahara Desert]] === Disasters === # [[:simple:Avalanche|Avalanche]] # [[:simple:Earthquake|Earthquake]] # [[:simple:Flood|Flood]] # [[:simple:Hurricane|Hurricane]] # [[:simple:Nuclear meltdown|Nuclear meltdown]] # [[:simple:Tsunami|Tsunami]] # [[:simple:Volcano|Volcano]] == Government and politics == # [[:simple:Anarchism|Anarchism]] # [[:simple:Anarchy|Anarchy]] # [[:simple:Capitalism|Capitalism]] # [[:simple:Communism|Communism]] # [[:simple:Democracy|Democracy]] # [[:simple:Dictatorship|Dictatorship]] # [[:simple:Fascism|Fascism]] # [[:simple:Globalisation|Globalisation]] # [[:simple:Imperialism|Imperialism]] # [[:simple:Liberalism|Liberalism]] # [[:simple:Monarchy|Monarchy]] # [[:simple:Nationalism|Nationalism]] # [[:simple:Racism|Racism]] # [[:simple:Republic|Republic]] # [[:simple:Socialism|Socialism]] # [[:simple:Separation of powers|Separation of powers]] ## [[:simple:Judiciary|Judiciary]] ## [[:simple:Legislature|Legislature]] ## [[:simple:Executive|Executive]] # [[:simple:Political party|Political party]] # [[:simple:Theocracy|Theocracy]] === Economics === # [[:simple:Economics|Economics]] # [[:simple:Money|Money]] # [[:simple:Supply and demand|Supply and demand]] # [[:simple:Market|Market]] # [[:simple:Capital|Capital]] # [[:simple:Microeconomics|Microeconomics]] # [[:simple:Macroeconomics|Macroeconomics]] ==== Currency ==== # [[:simple:American dollar|American dollar]] # [[:simple:British pound|British pound]] # [[:simple:Euro|Euro]] # [[:simple:Renminbi|Renminbi]] # [[:simple:Rupee|Rupee]] # [[:simple:Yen|Yen]] === Legal documents === # [[:simple:Communist Manifesto|Communist Manifesto]] # [[:simple:Constitution|Constitution]] # [[:simple:Law|Law]] # [[:simple:Magna Carta|Magna Carta]] # [[:simple:Leviathan|Leviathan]] # [[:simple:Republic|Republic]] === International organizations === # [[:simple:African Union|African Union]] # [[:simple:ASEAN|ASEAN]] # [[:simple:Arab League|Arab League]] # [[:simple:Antiglobalization|Antiglobalization]] # [[:simple:Commonwealth of Independent States|Commonwealth of Independent States]] # [[:simple:Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth of Nations]] # [[:simple:Council of Europe|Council of Europe]] ## [[:simple:European Court of Human Rights|European Court of Human Rights]] ## [[:simple:European Convention on Human Rights|European Convention on Human Rights]] # [[:simple:Diplomacy|Diplomacy]] # [[:simple:European Union|European Union]] # [[:simple:Freedom|Freedom]] # [[:simple:Geneva Conventions|Geneva Conventions]] ## [[:simple:Red Cross/Red Crescent/Red Crystal|Red Cross/Red Crescent/Red Crystal]] # [[:simple:Globalization|Globalization]] # [[:simple:Interpol|Interpol]] # [[:simple:NATO|NATO]] # [[:simple:Nobel Prize|Nobel Prize]] # [[:simple:OECD|OECD]] # [[:simple:OSCE|OSCE]] # [[:simple:Olympic Games, preferably with a mention of the Paralympics|Olympic Games, preferably with a mention of the Paralympics]] # [[:simple:OPEC|OPEC]] # [[:simple:Organization of American States|Organization of American States]] # [[:simple:United Nations|United Nations]] ## [[:simple:IAEA|IAEA]] ## [[:simple:IMF|IMF]] ## [[:simple:International Criminal Court|International Criminal Court]] ## [[:simple:International Court of Justice|International Court of Justice]] ## [[:simple:WHO|WHO]] ## [[:simple:WTO|WTO]] ## [[:simple:UNICEF|UNICEF]] ## [[:simple:UNESCO|UNESCO]] ## [[:simple:Universal Declaration of Human Rights|Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] ## [[:simple:World Bank|World Bank]] # [[:simple:World Peace|World Peace]] === Human issues === # [[:simple:Abortion|Abortion]] # [[:simple:Birth control|Birth control]] # [[:simple:Capital punishment|Capital punishment]] # [[:simple:Human rights|Human rights]] # [[:simple:Racism|Racism]] # [[:simple:Sexism|Sexism]] # [[:simple:Sexuality|Sexuality]] # [[:simple:Slavery|Slavery]] == Philosophy == # [[:simple:Philosophy|Philosophy]] # [[:simple:Eastern philosophy|Eastern philosophy]] # [[:simple:Western philosophy|Western philosophy]] # [[:simple:Scientific method|Scientific method]] # [[:simple:Beauty|Beauty]] # [[:simple:Ethics|Ethics]] # [[:simple:Existence|Existence]] # [[:simple:Experience|Experience]] # [[:simple:Feminism|Feminism]] # [[:simple:Humanism|Humanism]] # [[:simple:Knowledge|Knowledge]] # [[:simple:Moral (or Morality)|Moral (or Morality)]] # [[:simple:Logic|Logic]] # [[:simple:Truth|Truth]] == Religion and spirituality == # [[:simple:Religion|Religion]] At least a five-sentence introduction to the religions: # [[:simple:Astrology|Astrology]] # [[:simple:Baha'i |Baha'i ]] ## [[:simple:Báb|Báb]] ## [[:simple:Bahá'u'lláh|Bahá'u'lláh]] # [[:simple:Buddhism |Buddhism ]] ## [[:simple:Gautama Buddha|Gautama Buddha]] # [[:simple:Christianity |Christianity ]] ## [[:simple:Church|Church]] ## [[:simple:Jehovah|Jehovah]] ## [[:simple:Jehovah's Witnesses|Jehovah's Witnesses]] ## [[:simple:Jesus|Jesus]] ## [[:simple:Pope|Pope]] ## [[:simple:Protestantism|Protestantism]] ## [[:simple:Trinity|Trinity]] # [[:simple:Confucianism |Confucianism ]] # [[:simple:God|God]] ## [[:simple:Monotheism|Monotheism]] # [[:simple:Hinduism |Hinduism ]] ## [[:simple:Brahma|Brahma]] ## [[:simple:Vishnu|Vishnu]] ## [[:simple:Siva|Siva]] # [[:simple:Islam |Islam ]] ## [[:simple:Ali|Ali]] ## [[:simple:Mosque|Mosque]] ## [[:simple:Muhammad|Muhammad]] ## [[:simple:Omar|Omar]] ## [[:simple:Sufism|Sufism]] # [[:simple:Jainism |Jainism ]] # [[:simple:Judaism|Judaism]] ## [[:simple:Moses|Moses]] ## [[:simple:Torah|Torah]] ## [[:simple:Talmud|Talmud]] # [[:simple:Mythology|Mythology]] ## [[:simple:Greek mythology|Greek mythology]] # [[:simple:Shinto |Shinto ]] # [[:simple:Sikhism|Sikhism]] ## [[:simple:Nanak|Nanak]] # [[:simple:Spirits|Spirits]] # [[:simple:Taoism |Taoism ]] # [[:simple:Unitarianism|Unitarianism]] # [[:simple:Voodoo|Voodoo]] # [[:simple:Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrianism]] ## [[:simple:Zoroaster|Zoroaster]] ===Religious philosophies=== # [[:simple:Agnosticism|Agnosticism]] # [[:simple:Atheism|Atheism]] # [[:simple:Fundamentalism|Fundamentalism]] == Culture == At least three sentences on: # [[:simple:Art|Art]] ## [[:simple:Painting|Painting]] ## [[:simple:Sculpture|Sculpture]] # [[:simple:Culture|Culture]] # [[:simple:Dance|Dance]] # [[:simple:Radio|Radio]] # [[:simple:Television|Television]] # [[:simple:Theater|Theater]] ## [[:simple:Broadway|Broadway]] ## [[:simple:Noh|Noh]] # [[:simple:Tourism|Tourism]] === Architecture / civil engineering === # [[:simple:Architecture|Architecture]] # [[:simple:Arch|Arch]] # [[:simple:Bridge|Bridge]] # [[:simple:Canal |Canal ]] # [[:simple:Dam|Dam]] # [[:simple:Dome|Dome]] # [[:simple:Nail|Nail]] # [[:simple:Tower |Tower ]] ==== Historical / particular architectures ==== # [[:simple:Aswan Dam|Aswan Dam]] # [[:simple:Great Wall of China|Great Wall of China]] # [[:simple:Pyramids|Pyramids]] # [[:simple:Taj Mahal|Taj Mahal]] === Film === # [[:simple:Film|Film]] ## History/evolution ### [[:simple:Silent era|Silent era]] ### Transition to sound ### [[:simple:Studio era|Studio era]] (Including the different "type" of films from MGM, Warner Bros, Fox, Columbia, etc.) ### Modern era ===Literature=== # [[:simple:Literature|Literature]] ## [[:simple:Novel|Novel]] ### [[:simple:Don Quixote|Don Quixote]] ### [[:simple:Thousand and One Nights|Thousand and One Nights]] ## [[:simple:Poetry|Poetry]] ### [[:simple:Epic of Gilgamesh|Epic of Gilgamesh]] ### [[:simple:Iliad|Iliad]] ### [[:simple:Mahabharata|Mahabharata]] ### [[:simple:Odyssey|Odyssey]] # [[:simple:Books|Books]] ## [[:simple:The Bible|The Bible]] ## [[:simple:The Qur'an|The Qur'an]] ===Music=== # [[:simple:Music|Music]] ## [[:simple:CD|CD]] ## [[:simple:Classical music|Classical music]] ### [[:simple:Opera|Opera]] ### [[:simple:Symphony|Symphony]] ## [[:simple:Jazz|Jazz]] ## [[:simple:Pop music|Pop music]] ## [[:simple:Reggae|Reggae]] ## [[:simple:Soul and gospel|Soul and gospel]] ## [[:simple:Rock and roll|Rock and roll]] ### [[:simple:Heavy metal|Heavy metal]] ## [[:simple:Traditional|Traditional]] ### [[:simple:Gamelan|Gamelan]] ### [[:simple:Indian classical music|Indian classical music]] # [[:simple:Musical instruments|Musical instruments]] ## [[:simple:Drum|Drum]] ## [[:simple:Flute|Flute]] ## [[:simple:Guitar|Guitar]] ## [[:simple:Piano|Piano]] ## [[:simple:String instrument|String instrument]] ## [[:simple:Trumpet|Trumpet]] ## [[:simple:Violin|Violin]] == Science == At least a five-sentence introduction to the major fields: === Astronomy === # [[:simple:Astronomy|Astronomy]] # [[:simple:Asteroid|Asteroid]] # [[:simple:Big Bang|Big Bang]] # Black hole # [[:simple:Comet|Comet]] # [[:simple:Earth|Earth]] # [[:simple:Galaxy|Galaxy]] # [[:simple:Jupiter (planet)|Jupiter]] # [[:simple:Light year|Light year]] # [[:simple:Mars (planet)|Mars]] # [[:simple:Mercury (planet)|Mercury]] # [[:simple:Milky Way|Milky Way]] # [[:simple:Moon|Moon]] # [[:simple:Neptune (planet)|Neptune]] # [[:simple:Planet|Planet]] # [[:simple:Pluto (planet)|Pluto]] # [[:simple:Saturn (planet)|Saturn]] # [[:simple:Solar System|Solar System]] # [[:simple:Star|Star]] # [[:simple:Sun|Sun]] # [[:simple:Uranus (planet)|Uranus]] # [[:simple:Venus (planet)|Venus]] === Biology === # [[:simple:Biology|Biology]] ==== Biological materials ==== # [[:simple:DNA|DNA]] # [[:simple:Enzyme|Enzyme]] # [[:simple:Protein|Protein]] ==== Mammalian anatomy ==== # [[:simple:Digestive system|Digestive system]] ## [[:simple:Large intestine|Large intestine]] ## [[:simple:Small intestine|Small intestine]] ## [[:simple:Liver|Liver]] # [[:simple:Respiratory system|Respiratory system]] ## [[:simple:Lungs|Lungs]] # [[:simple:Skeletal system|Skeletal system]] # [[:simple:Nervous system|Nervous system]] ## [[:simple:Brain|Brain]] ## [[:simple:Sensory system|Sensory system]] ### [[:simple:Auditory system|Auditory system]] #### [[:simple:Ear|Ear]] ### [[:simple:Visual system|Visual system]] #### [[:simple:Eye|Eye]] ### [[:simple:Olfactory system|Olfactory system]] ### [[:simple:Gustatory system|Gustatory system]] ### [[:simple:Somatosensory system|Somatosensory system]] # [[:simple:Endocrine system|Endocrine system]] # [[:simple:Circulatory system|Circulatory system]] ## [[:simple:Blood|Blood]] ## [[:simple:Heart|Heart]] # [[:simple:Reproductive system|Reproductive system]] ## [[:simple:Penis|Penis]] ## [[:simple:Vagina|Vagina]] # [[:simple:Integumentary system|Integumentary system]] ## [[:simple:Skin|Skin]] # [[:simple:Breast|Breast]] ==== Biological processes ==== # [[:simple:Digestion|Digestion]] # [[:simple:Evolution |Evolution ]] # [[:simple:Excretion|Excretion]] # [[:simple:Photosynthesis|Photosynthesis]] # [[:simple:Pregnancy|Pregnancy]] # [[:simple:Reproduction|Reproduction]] # [[:simple:Respiration|Respiration]] ==== Organisms ==== # [[:simple:Animal|Animal]] ## Chordate ### [[:simple:Amphibian|Amphibian]] #### [[:simple:Frog|Frog]] ### [[:simple:Bird|Bird]] #### [[:simple:Dove|Dove]] #### [[:simple:Eagle|Eagle]] ### [[:simple:Fish|Fish]] #### [[:simple:Shark|Shark]] ### [[:simple:Mammal|Mammal]] #### [[:simple:Bat|Bat]] #### [[:simple:Bear|Bear]] #### [[:simple:Camel|Camel]] #### [[:simple:Cat|Cat]] #### [[:simple:Cattle|Cattle]] #### [[:simple:Dog|Dog]] #### [[:simple:Dolphin|Dolphin]] #### [[:simple:Elephant|Elephant]] #### [[:simple:Horse|Horse]] #### [[:simple:Sheep|Sheep]] #### [[:simple:Lion|Lion]] #### [[:simple:Mammoth|Mammoth]] #### [[:simple:Monkey|Monkey]] #### [[:simple:Pig|Pig]] #### [[:simple:Whale|Whale]] ### [[:simple:Reptile|Reptile]] #### [[:simple:Snake|Snake]] ## [[:simple:Insect|Insect]] ### [[:simple:Ant|Ant]] ### [[:simple:Bee|Bee]] ### [[:simple:Butterfly|Butterfly]] ## [[:simple:Arachnid|Arachnid]] # [[:simple:Archea|Archea]] # [[:simple:Bacterium|Bacterium]] # [[:simple:Fungus|Fungus]] # [[:simple:Plant|Plant]] ## [[:simple:Flower|Flower]] ## [[:simple:Palm|Palm]] ## [[:simple:Tree|Tree]] # Protist # [[:simple:Cell|Cell]] === Chemistry === # [[:simple:Chemistry|Chemistry]] # [[:simple:Element|Element]] # [[:simple:List of elements|List of elements]] # [[:simple:Biochemistry|Biochemistry]] # [[:simple:Organic chemistry|Organic chemistry]] # [[:simple:Periodic table|Periodic table]] # [[:simple:Aluminium|Aluminium]] # [[:simple:Carbon|Carbon]] # [[:simple:Copper|Copper]] # [[:simple:Gold|Gold]] # [[:simple:Iron|Iron]] # [[:simple:Helium|Helium]] # [[:simple:Hydrogen|Hydrogen]] # [[:simple:Lithium|Lithium]] # [[:simple:Neon|Neon]] # [[:simple:Nitrogen|Nitrogen]] # [[:simple:Oxygen|Oxygen]] # [[:simple:Silver|Silver]] # [[:simple:Zinc|Zinc]] === Ecology === # [[:simple:Ecology|Ecology]] # Species ## Endangered species === Geology === # [[:simple:Basalt|Basalt]] # [[:simple:Flint|Flint]] # [[:simple:Limestone|Limestone]] # Earth (Geology) === Medicine === # [[:simple:Medicine|Medicine]] # [[:simple:AIDS|AIDS]] # [[:simple:Alcoholism|Alcoholism]] # [[:simple:Cancer|Cancer]] # [[:simple:Cirrhosis of the liver|Cirrhosis of the liver]] # [[:simple:Cholera|Cholera]] # [[:simple:Dentistry|Dentistry]] # [[:simple:Diabetes mellitus|Diabetes mellitus]] # [[:simple:Dysentery|Dysentery]] # [[:simple:Heart disease|Heart disease]] # [[:simple:Hypertension|Hypertension]] # [[:simple:Influenza|Influenza]] # [[:simple:Lung cancer|Lung cancer]] # [[:simple:Malaria|Malaria]] # [[:simple:Malnutrtion|Malnutrtion]] # [[:simple:Obesity|Obesity]] # [[:simple:Sexually transmitted disease|Sexually transmitted disease]] # [[:simple:Smallpox|Smallpox]] # [[:simple:Stroke|Stroke]] # [[:simple:Syphilis|Syphilis]] # [[:simple:Tuberculosis|Tuberculosis]] # [[:simple:Virus|Virus]] # [[:simple:Blindness|Blindness]] # [[:simple:Mental Illness|Mental Illness]] # [[:simple:Deafness|Deafness]] === Weather === # [[:simple:Cloud|Cloud]] # [[:simple:El Niño|El Niño]] # [[:simple:Global Warming|Global Warming]] # [[:simple:Tornado|Tornado]] # [[:simple:Tropical cyclone|Tropical cyclone]] # [[:simple:Rain|Rain]] # [[:simple:Snow|Snow]] === Physics === # [[:simple:Physics|Physics]] # [[:simple:Atom|Atom]] ## [[:simple:Electron|Electron]] ## [[:simple:Neutron|Neutron]] ## [[:simple:Proton|Proton]] # [[:simple:Energy|Energy]] ## [[:simple:Electromagnetic radiation|Electromagnetic radiation]] ### [[:simple:Radio|Radio]] ### IR ### Visible #### [[:simple:Spectrum|Spectrum]] #### [[:simple:Black|Black]] #### [[:simple:White|White]] #### [[:simple:Red|Red]] #### [[:simple:Yellow|Yellow]] #### [[:simple:Green|Green]] #### [[:simple:Blue|Blue]] ### UV ### [[:simple:Gamma|Gamma]] # [[:simple:Isotope|Isotope]] # [[:simple:Molecule|Molecule]] # [[:simple:Light|Light]] #Forces ## [[:simple:Gravitation|Gravitation]] ## [[:simple:Electromagnetism|Electromagnetism]] ## [[:simple:Weak nuclear force|Weak nuclear force]] ## [[:simple:Strong nuclear force|Strong nuclear force]] # Acceleration # Force # [[:simple:Mass|Mass]] # [[:simple:Speed|Speed]] # [[:simple:Time|Time]] # [[:simple:Velocity|Velocity]] # [[:simple:Weight|Weight]] # [[:simple:Quantum mechanics|Quantum mechanics]] # [[:simple:Theory of relativity|Theory of relativity]] === Human sciences === # [[:simple:Anthropology|Anthropology]] # [[:simple:Education|Education]] # [[:simple:Pedagogy|Pedagogy]] # [[:simple:Psychology|Psychology]] # [[:simple:Sociology|Sociology]] === Non-energy-related Resources === # [[:simple:Minerals|Minerals]] ## [[:simple:Iron|Iron]] ## [[:simple:Aluminum|Aluminum]] ## [[:simple:Tin|Tin]] ## [[:simple:Gold|Gold]] ## [[:simple:Silver|Silver]] ## [[:simple:Bronze|Bronze]] # [[:simple:Diamond|Diamond]] # [[:simple:Salt|Salt]] === SI units and others === # [[:simple:SI Unit System|SI Unit System]] # [[:simple:Metre|Metre]] # [[:simple:Litre|Litre]] # [[:simple:Kilogram|Kilogram]] # [[:simple:Volt|Volt]] # [[:simple:Watt|Watt]] # [[:simple:Newton|Newton]] === Calendars and timekeeping=== # [[:simple:Calendar|Calendar]] # [[:simple:Day|Day]] ## [[:simple:Gregorian calendar|Gregorian calendar]] ### Day-of-week algorithm ### Calculation of date of Easter ### [[:simple:Leap year|Leap year]] # [[:simple:Month|Month]] # [[:simple:Time zone|Time zone]] ## [[:simple:Daylight Savings Time|Daylight Savings Time]] # [[:simple:Year|Year]] # (article about each of the months of the year) # [[:simple:Chinese calendar|Chinese calendar]] == Technology == === Computers === # [[:simple:Computer|Computer]] ## [[:simple:Processor|Processor]] ## [[:simple:RAM|RAM]] ## [[:simple:Motherboard|Motherboard]] ## [[:simple:Hard disk|Hard disk]] ## [[:simple:Boot loader|Boot loader]] # [[:simple:Artificial Intelligence|Artificial Intelligence]] # [[:simple:Computer science|Computer science]] ## [[:simple:Algorithm|Algorithm]] # [[:simple:Operating system|Operating system]] ## [[:simple:Microsoft Windows|Microsoft Windows]] ## [[:simple:Mac OS|Mac OS]] ## [[:simple:GNU and Linux|GNU and Linux]] ## [[:simple:Unix|Unix]] # [[:simple:Programming language|Programming language]] ## [[:simple:C|C]] ## [[:simple:C plus plus|C++]] ## [[:simple:Java|Java]] ## [[:simple:Pascal|Pascal]] ## [[:simple:PHP|PHP]] # [[:simple:Software|Software]] # [[:simple:User interface|User interface]] ## [[:simple:Mouse|Mouse]] ## [[:simple:Keyboard|Keyboard]] ## [[:simple:Monitor|Monitor]] === Common technology === # [[:simple:Coinage|Coinage]] # [[:simple:Engineering|Engineering]] # [[:simple:Inclined plane|Inclined plane]] # [[:simple:Lever|Lever]] # [[:simple:Metallurgy|Metallurgy]] # [[:simple:Pulley|Pulley]] # [[:simple:Screw|Screw]] # [[:simple:Wedge|Wedge]] # [[:simple:Wheel|Wheel]] === Communication === # [[:simple:Letters / Alphabet|Letters / Alphabet]] ## [[:simple:Chinese character|Chinese character]] ## [[:simple:Cyrillic alphabet|Cyrillic alphabet]] ## [[:simple:Greek alphabet|Greek alphabet]] ## [[:simple:Latin alphabet|Latin alphabet]] ## [[:simple:Literacy|Literacy]] # [[:simple:Information|Information]] # [[:simple:Internet|Internet]] ## [[:simple:E-mail|E-mail]] ## [[:simple:Internet protocol|Internet protocol]] ## [[:simple:TCP|TCP]] ## [[:simple:World Wide Web|World Wide Web]] ### [[:simple:Web browser|Web browser]] ## [[:simple:HTTP|HTTP]] ## [[:simple:HTML|HTML]] ## [[:simple:Wiki|Wiki]] # [[:simple:Journalism|Journalism]] ## [[:simple:Newspaper|Newspaper]] ## [[:simple:Mass media|Mass media]] ## [[:simple:Radio|Radio]] # [[:simple:Printing|Printing]] # [[:simple:Railroad|Railroad]] # [[:simple:Telegraph|Telegraph]] # [[:simple:Telephone|Telephone]] ## [[:simple:Mobile telephone|Mobile telephone]] # [[:simple:Television|Television]] # [[:simple:Writing|Writing]] === Electronics === # [[:simple:Electronics|Electronics]] ## [[:simple:Voltage|Voltage]] ## [[:simple:Current|Current]] ## [[:simple:Charge|Charge]] ## [[:simple:Frequency|Frequency]] ## [[:simple:Phase|Phase]] ## [[:simple:Resistance|Resistance]] ## [[:simple:Reactance|Reactance]] ## [[:simple:Inductance|Inductance]] ## [[:simple:Capacitance|Capacitance]] ## [[:simple:Gain|Gain]] # [[:simple:Components|Components]] ## [[:simple:Transistor|Transistor]] ## [[:simple:Diode|Diode]] ## [[:simple:Resistor|Resistor]] ## [[:simple:Capacitor|Capacitor]] ## [[:simple:Transformer|Transformer]] ## [[:simple:Inductor|Inductor]] === Food production === # Grain grinding # Irrigation # Knife # Plough # Pottery === Harnessing energy === # [[:simple:Combustion engine|Combustion engine]] # [[:simple:Electricity|Electricity]] ## [[:simple:Nuclear|Nuclear]] # [[:simple:Fossil fuels|Fossil fuels]] ## [[:simple:Coal|Coal]] ## [[:simple:Gas|Gas]] ## [[:simple:Oil|Oil]] # [[:simple:Fire|Fire]] # [[:simple:Renewable energy sources|Renewable energy sources]] ## [[:simple:Solar|Solar]] ## [[:simple:Hydro|Hydro]] ## [[:simple:Wind|Wind]] ## [[:simple:Waves|Waves]] ## [[:simple:Wood|Wood]] # [[:simple:Steam engine|Steam engine]] === Materials === # [[:simple:Glass|Glass]] # [[:simple:Paper|Paper]] # [[:simple:Plastic|Plastic]] === Transportation === # [[:simple:Transportation|Transportation]] ## [[:simple:Airplane|Airplane]] ## [[:simple:Car|Car]] ## [[:simple:Bicycle|Bicycle]] ## [[:simple:Boat|Boat]] ## [[:simple:Ship|Ship]] ## [[:simple:Train|Train]] === Weapons === # [[:simple:Axe|Axe]] # [[:simple:Explosives|Explosives]] # [[:simple:Firearms|Firearms]] # [[:simple:Gunpowder|Gunpowder]] # [[:simple:Machine gun|Machine gun]] # [[:simple:Martial arts|Martial arts]] # [[:simple:Nuclear weapons|Nuclear weapons]] # [[:simple:Sword|Sword]] # [[:simple:Tank|Tank]] == Industry == # Manufacturing # Mining # Refining == Foodstuffs == # Barley # [[:simple:Bread|Bread]] # [[:simple:Cheese|Cheese]] # Chocolate # Cotton # Honey # [[:simple:Fruit|Fruit]] ## [[:simple:Apple|Apple]] ## [[:simple:Banana|Banana]] ## Grape ## [[:simple:Lemon|Lemon]] ## [[:simple:Orange|Orange]] # Maize # Oats # [[:simple:Potato|Potato]] # Rice # Sorghum # Soya bean # Sugar # Tobacco # Vegetable # Wheat === Beverages === # [[:simple:Alcohol|Alcohol]] ## [[:simple:Beer|Beer]] ## [[:simple:Wine|Wine]] # Cola # Coffee # Tea # [[:simple:Water|Water]] # [[:simple:Milk|Milk]] == Language == # [[:simple:Language|Language]] # Dialect # [[:simple:Grammar|Grammar]] # [[:simple:Linguistics|Linguistics]] # [[:simple:Pronunciation|Pronunciation]] # [[:simple:Syntax|Syntax]] # [[:simple:Word|Word]] # (article about the language specific to that Wikipedia) # [[:simple:Arabic|Arabic]] # [[:simple:Bengali|Bengali]] # [[:simple:English|English]] # [[:simple:Esperanto|Esperanto]] # [[:simple:French|French]] # [[:simple:German|German]] # [[:simple:Greek|Greek]] # [[:simple:Hebrew|Hebrew]] # [[:simple:Hindi|Hindi]] # [[:simple:Japanese language|Japanese]] # [[:simple:Latin|Latin]] # [[:simple:Russian|Russian]] # [[:simple:Sanskrit|Sanskrit]] # [[:simple:Spanish|Spanish]] # Mandarin Chinese (Putonghua)  # Tamil # Turkish  == Mathematics == # [[:simple:Mathematics|Mathematics]] # [[:simple:Algebra|Algebra]] # [[:simple:Axiom|Axiom]] # [[:simple:Calculus|Calculus]] ## [[:simple:Integration|Integration]] ## [[:simple:Differentiation|Differentiation]] # [[:simple:Geometry|Geometry]] ## [[:simple:Circle|Circle]] ### [[:simple:Pi|Pi]] ## [[:simple:Square|Square]] ## [[:simple:Triangle|Triangle]] # Group theory # Mathematical logic # Mathematical proof ## Proof by deduction ## Proof by induction ## Proof by contradiction # [[:simple:Number|Number]] ## Complex number ## [[:simple:Integer|Integer]] ## Natural number ## [[:simple:Prime number|Prime number]] ## Rational number # [[:simple:Infinity|Infinity]] # Set theory # [[:simple:Statistics|Statistics]] # [[:simple:Trigonometry|Trigonometry]] == Military == # Army ## Artillery ##Cavalry ## Infantry # Navy # Airforce == Sports and games == # [[:simple:Sports|Sports]] ## [[:simple:Olympics|Olympics]] ## [[:simple:Football World Cup|Football World Cup]] ## [[:simple:Athletics|Athletics]] ## [[:simple:Badminton|Badminton]] ## [[:simple:Baseball|Baseball]] ## [[:simple:Basketball|Basketball]] ## [[:simple:Cricket|Cricket]] ## [[:simple:Fencing|Fencing]] ## [[:simple:Ice hockey|Ice hockey]] ## [[:simple:Judo|Judo]] ## [[:simple:Motor racing|Motor racing]] ## [[:simple:Rugby|Rugby]] ## [[:simple:Soccer|Soccer]] ## [[:simple:Tennis|Tennis]] ## [[:simple:Volleyball|Volleyball]] ## [[:simple:Waterpolo|Waterpolo]] ## [[:simple:Wrestling|Wrestling]] # [[:simple:Games|Games]] ## [[:simple:Backgammon|Backgammon]] ## [[:simple:Checkers|Checkers]] ## [[:simple:Chess|Chess]] ## [[:simple:Go|Go]] ## [[:simple:Mancala|Mancala]] # [[:simple:Gambling|Gambling]] :''If you support this effort, please add to the list. We can then decide what the basic sentences can be for each article.'' [[Category:Proposals]] [[Category:Multilingualism]] [[ast:Wikipedia:Llista d'artículos que toa Wikipedia tien que tener]] [[bs:Wikipedia:1000 članaka]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:Llistat d'articles que totes les llengües haurien de tenir]] [[cs:Wikipedie:1000 nejdůležitějších článků]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Rhestr erthyglau sy'n angenrheidiol yn holl ieithoedd]] [[da:Wikipedia:Liste over artikler vi bør have]] [[de:Wikipedia:Artikel, die es in allen Wikipedias geben sollte]] [[el:Βικιπαίδεια:Κατάλογος άρθρων που όλες οι γλώσσες πρέπει να έχουν]] [[en:Wikipedia:List of articles all languages should have]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Listo de havendaj artikoloj]] [[es:Wikipedia:Lista de artículos que toda Wikipedia debería tener]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Luettelo keskeisistä tietosanakirja-artikkeleista]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Liste d'articles que toutes les encyclopédies devraient avoir]] [[fur:Wikipedia:Liste dai articui che dutis lis vichipedîs a varessin di vê]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Liosta de ábhair is gá ag gach uilig Vicipéid]] [[gl:Wikipedia:Lista de artigos que toda Wikipedia debera ter]] [[gu:વિકિપીડિયા:દરેક ભાષાના વિકિપીડિયામાં હોય એવા પ્રારંભિક લેખોની યાદી]] [[hi:विकिपीडिया:कुछ प्रारंभिक लेख जो कि हर भाषा के विकिपीडिया में होने चाहिए]] [[hu:Wikipédia:Ezer fontos cikk]] [[hy:Wikipedia:1000 հոդվածներ, որոնք կարևոր են բոլոր լեզուներով հանրագիտարանների համար]] [[id:Wikipedia:Artikel yang perlu dimiliki Wikipedia seluruh bahasa]] [[it:Wikipedia:Lista degli articoli che tutte le Wikipedie devono avere]] [[ja:Wikipedia:すべての言語版にあるべき項目の一覧]] [[ku:Wîkîpediya:Gotar ku ji bo hemû Wîkîpediyayan pêwîst in]] [[la:Vicipaedia:Articuli quos omnes Vicipaediae habeant]] [[li:Wikipedia:Lies van artikele die elke Wikipedia moot höbbe]] [[lt:Wikipedia:Sąrašas straipsnių, būtinų visomis kalbomis]] [[lv:Wikipedia:Raksti, kuriem vajadzētu būt visu valodu Vikipēdijās]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Senarai artikel semua bahasa perlu ada]] [[nb:Wikipedia:Liste over artikler vi bør ha]] [[nl:Wikipedia:Artikelen die elke Wikipedia zou moeten hebben]] [[nn:Wikipedia:Liste over artiklar vi bør ha]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Strony, które powinna mieć każda Wikipedia]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Lista dos 1000 artigos essenciais]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Listă de articole pe care ar trebui să le aibă fiecare Wikipedie]] [[ru:Википедия:Список статей, которые должны быть во всех языковых версиях]] [[scn:Wikipedia:Articuli nicissari]] [[simple:Wikipedia:List of articles all languages should have]] [[sk:Wikipedia:1000 najdôležitejších článkov]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Članki, ki bi jih morala imeti vsaka Wikipedija]] [[sr:Википедија:Списак чланака које српска Википедија треба да има]] [[uk:Wikipedia:Статті які повинні бути у всіх вікіпедіях]] [[th:วิกิพีเดีย:รายชื่อบทความที่ควรมี]] [[tr:Vikipedi:Her vikipedide olması gereken makaleler]] [[zh:Wikipedia:所有維基都應該有的條目]] 5072 2006-04-18T17:37:07Z Proof 83 /* Actors */ linkfixes There are a growing number of Wikipedia projects, some very active, and others quite moribund. I propose that we invigorate them, and ensure that they each contain a minimum of information that will be of use to users. This way, people will be encouraged to use these projects and help in their growth. I therefore suggest that we make a list of 1,000 basic articles that we should try to encourage to appear on every existing Wikipedia. : It still remains to define how detailed these 'articles' should be; or better yet, the list should include both significant articles (primary elements) and secondary topics/articles, which should either get short paragraph-length stubs, or be covered by a longer article. These articles should be very basic, and incorporate the most essential information. In some cases, it will be only a table, while in other cases, it will be a stub. This will, however, provide some impetus for the smaller projects to grow. This project hopes to create easily translatable versions of these articles, containing core information at [[simple:Wikipedia:List of articles all languages should have]]. :''If you support this effort, please add to the list.'' == How to use this list == There are several different ways to use this list. The first is to translate it into the language of your Wikipedia and see whether you have articles on all of these topics. The topics will eventually all be linked to articles in the Simple English Wikipedia. If you are missing an article, or if you are starting out with a new language, you may want to translate these basic articles. You can also check the language links in the Simple English articles for more comprehensive coverage of the topics in many other languages. == Biography == At least two paragraphes on 100 key historical figures  === Actors === # [[:simple:Clara Bow|Clara Bow]] # [[:simple:Marlon Brando|Marlon Brando]] # [[:simple:Charlie Chaplin|Charlie Chaplin]] # [[:simple:Joan Crawford|Joan Crawford]] # [[:simple:James Dean|James Dean]] # [[:simple:Douglas Fairbanks|Douglas Fairbanks]] # [[:simple:Greta Garbo|Greta Garbo]] # [[:simple:Jean Harlow|Jean Harlow]] # [[:simple:Carole Lombard|Carole Lombard]] # [[:simple:Marilyn Monroe|Marilyn Monroa]] # [[:simple:Jack Pickford|Jack Pickford]] # [[:simple:Norma Shearer|Norma Shearer]] # [[:simple:Gloria Swanson|Gloria Swanson]] # [[:simple:John Wayne|John Wayne]] === Artists === # [[:simple:Michelangelo Buonarroti|Michelangelo Buonarroti]] # [[:simple:Paul Cézanne|Paul Cézanne]] # [[:simple:Vincent van Gogh|Vincent van Gogh]] # [[:simple:Katsushika Hokusai|Katsushika Hokusai]] # [[:simple:Frida Kahlo|Frida Kahlo]] # [[:simple:Claude Monet|Claude Monet]] # [[:simple:Georgia O'Keefe|Georgia O'Keefe]] # [[:simple:Pablo Picasso|Pablo Picasso]] # [[:simple:Jackson Pollock|Jackson Pollock]] # [[:simple:Nicolas Poussin|Nicolas Poussin]] # [[:simple:Rembrandt van Rijn|Rembrandt van Rijn]] # [[:simple:Auguste Rodin|Auguste Rodin]] # [[:simple:Rafael Sancho|Rafael Sancho]] # [[:simple:Andy Warhol|Andy Warhol]] === Authors, playwrights and poets ===  # [[:simple:Dante Alighieri|Dante Alighieri]] # [[:simple:Hans Christian Andersen|Hans Christian Andersen]] # [[:simple:Aristophanes|Aristophanes]] # [[:simple:Isaac Asimov|Isaac Asimov]] # [[:simple:Jane Austen|Jane Austen]] # [[:simple:Bertolt Brecht|Bertolt Brecht]] # [[:simple:Lord Byron|Lord Byron]] # [[:simple:Miguel de Cervantes|Miguel de Cervantes]] # [[:simple:Anton Chekhov|Anton Chekhov]] # [[:simple:Emily Dickinson|Emily Dickinson]] # [[:simple:Fyodor Dostoevsky|Fyodor Dostoevsky]] # [[:simple:Arthur Conan Doyle|Arthur Conan Doyle]] # [[:simple:Alexandre Dumas|Alexandre Dumas]] # [[:simple:F. Scott Fitzgerald|F. Scott Fitzgerald]] # [[:simple:Grimm Brothers|Grimm Brothers]] # [[:simple:Dashiell Hammett|Dashiell Hammett]] # [[:simple:Nathaniel Hawthorne|Nathaniel Hawthorne]] # [[:simple:Ernest Hemingway|Ernest Hemingway]] # [[:simple:Hildegard of Bingen|Hildegard of Bingen]] # [[:simple:Homer|Homer]] # [[:simple:Victor Hugo|Victor Hugo]] # [[:simple:Langston Hughes|Langston Hughes]] # [[:simple:Henrik Ibsen|Henrik Ibsen]] # [[:simple:James Joyce|James Joyce]] # [[:simple:Franz Kafka|Franz Kafka]] # [[:simple:Astrid Lindgren|Astrid Lindgren]] # [[:simple:Thomas Mann|Thomas Mann]] # [[:simple:Edna St. Vincent Millay|Edna St. Vincent Millay]] # [[:simple:Arthur Miller|Arthur Miller]] # [[:simple:Moliere|Moliere]] # [[:simple:Pablo Neruda|Pablo Neruda]] # [[:simple:Sylvia Plath|Sylvia Plath]] # [[:simple:Edgar Allan Poe|Edgar Allan Poe]] # [[:simple:Marcel Proust|Marcel Proust]] # [[:simple:Alexandr Pushkin|Alexandr Pushkin]] # [[:simple:Rainer Maria Rilke|Rainer Maria Rilke]] # [[:simple:Carl Sandburg|Carl Sandburg]] # [[:simple:Sappho|Sappho]] # [[:simple:Jean-Paul Sartre|Jean-Paul Sartre]] # [[:simple:William Shakespeare|William Shakespeare]] # [[:simple:George Bernard Shaw|George Bernard Shaw]] # [[:simple:Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley|Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley]] # [[:simple:Murasaki Shikibu|Murasaki Shikibu]] # [[:simple:Sophocles|Sophocles]] # [[:simple:Robert Louis Stevenson|Robert Louis Stevenson]] # [[:simple:JRR Tolkien|JRR Tolkien]] # [[:simple:Leo Tolstoy|Leo Tolstoy]] # [[:simple:Mark Twain|Mark Twain]] # [[:simple:Jules Verne|Jules Verne]] # [[:simple:Virgil|Virgil]] # [[:simple:H. G. Wells|H. G. Wells]] # [[:simple:Walt Whitman|Walt Whitman]] # [[:simple:Oscar Wilde|Oscar Wilde]] # [[:simple:WB Yeats|WB Yeats]] === Composers and musicians === # [[:simple:Johann Sebastian Bach|Johann Sebastian Bach]] # [[:simple:The Beatles|The Beatles]] # [[:simple:Ludwig van Beethoven|Ludwig van Beethoven]] # [[:simple:Fryderyk Chopin|Fryderyk Chopin]] # [[:simple:Antonín Dvořák|Antonín Dvořák]] # [[:simple:Aretha Franklin|Aretha Franklin]] # [[:simple:Gustav Mahler|Gustav Mahler]] # [[:simple:Claudio Monteverdi|Claudio Monteverdi]] # [[:simple:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] # [[:simple:Elvis Presley|Elvis Presley]] # [[:simple:The Rolling Stones|The Rolling Stones]] # [[:simple:Richard Wagner|Richard Wagner]] === Explorers === # [[:simple:Roald Amundsen|Roald Amundsen]] # [[:simple:Willem Barentz|Willem Barentz]] # [[:simple:Vitus Bering|Vitus Bering]] # [[:simple:Jacques Cartier|Jacques Cartier]] # [[:simple:Christopher Columbus|Christopher Columbus]] # [[:simple:James Cook|James Cook]] # [[:simple:Hernán Cortés|Hernán Cortés]] # [[:simple:Francis Drake|Francis Drake]] # [[:simple:Leif Ericsson|Leif Ericsson]] # [[:simple:Vasco da Gama|Vasco da Gama]] # [[:simple:Edmund Hilary|Edmund Hillary]] # [[:simple:Tenzing Norgay|Tenzing Norgay]] # [[:simple:Ferdinand Magellan|Ferdinand Magellan]] # [[:simple:Marco Polo|Marco Polo]] # [[:simple:Abel Tasman|Abel Tasman]] # [[:simple:Zheng He|Zheng He]] === Film directors and screenwriters === # [[:simple:Dorothy Arzner|Dorothy Arzner]] # [[:simple:Ingmar Bergman|Ingmar Bergman]] # [[:simple:Michael Curtiz|Michael Curtiz]] # [[:simple:Cecil B. DeMille|Cecil B. DeMille]] # [[:simple:Walt Disney|Walt Disney]] # [[:simple:Sergei Eisenstein|Sergei Eisenstein]] # [[:simple:John Ford|John Ford]] # [[:simple:D. W. Griffith|D. W. Griffith]] # [[:simple:Howard Hawks|Howard Hawks]] # [[:simple:Alfred Hitchcock|Alfred Hitchcock]] # [[:simple:Akira Kurosawa|Akira Kurosawa]] # [[:simple:Fritz Lang|Fritz Lang]] # [[:simple:Mitchell Leisen|Mitchell Leisen]] # [[:simple:George Lucas|George Lucas]] # [[:simple:Frances Marion|Frances Marion]] # [[:simple:Jean Renoir|Jean Renoir]] # [[:simple:Leni Riefenstahl|Leni Riefenstahl]] # [[:simple:Martin Scorsese|Martin Scorsese]] # [[:simple:Steven Spielberg|Steven Spielberg]] === Inventors, scientists and mathematicians === # [[:simple:Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Musa al-Khwarizmi|Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Musa al-Khwarizmi]] # [[:simple:Archimedes|Archimedes]] # [[:simple:John Logie Baird|John Logie Baird]] # [[:simple:Alexander Graham Bell|Alexander Graham Bell]] # [[:simple:Carl Benz|Carl Benz]] # [[:simple:Tim Berners-Lee|Tim Berners-Lee]] # [[:simple:Niels Bohr|Niels Bohr]] # [[:simple:Tycho Brahe|Tycho Brahe]] # [[:simple:Rachel Carson|Rachel Carson]] # [[:simple:Nicolaus Copernicus|Nicolaus Copernicus]] # [[:simple:Marie Curie|Marie Curie]] ([[:simple:Maria Skłodowska-Curie|Maria Skłodowska-Curie]]) # [[:simple:Charles Darwin|Charles Darwin]] # [[:simple:Albert Einstein|Albert Einstein]] ([[List_of_articles_all_languages_should_have/Albert_Einstein|see current status]], [http://meta.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Template:AlbertEinstein&action=edit edit current status]) # [[:simple:Thomas Alva Edison|Thomas Alva Edison]] # [[:simple:Leonhard Euler|Leonhard Euler]] # [[:simple:Enrico Fermi|Enrico Fermi]] # [[:simple:Richard Feynman|Richard Feynman]] # [[:simple:Alexander Fleming|Alexander Fleming]] # [[:simple:Henry Ford|Henry Ford]] # [[:simple:Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier|Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier]] # [[:simple:Sigmund Freud|Sigmund Freud]] # [[:simple:Buckminster Fuller|Buckminster Fuller]] # [[:simple:Kazimierz Funk|Kazimierz Funk]] # [[:simple:Galileo Galilei|Galileo Galilei]] # [[:simple:Bill Gates|Bill Gates]] # [[:simple:Karl Friedrich Gauss|Karl Friedrich Gauss]] # [[:simple:Kurt Gödel|Kurt Gödel]] # [[:simple:Johann Gutenberg|Johann Gutenberg]] # [[:simple:David Hilbert|David Hilbert]] # [[:simple:Huygens|Huygens]] # [[:simple:Hypatia|Hypatia]] # [[:simple:Edward Jenner|Edward Jenner]] # [[:simple:Steve Jobs|Steve Jobs]] # [[:simple:Johannes Kepler|Johannes Kepler]] # [[:simple:John Maynard Keynes|John Maynard Keynes]] # [[:simple:Donald Knuth|Donald Knuth]] # [[:simple:Pierre-Simon Laplace|Pierre-Simon Laplace]] # [[:simple:Gottfried Leibniz|Gottfried Leibniz]] # [[:simple:Carolus Linnaeus|Carolus Linnaeus]] # [[:simple:Ignacy Łukasiewicz|Ignacy Łukasiewicz]] # [[:simple:James Clerk Maxwell|James Clerk Maxwell]] # [[:simple:Isaac Newton|Isaac Newton]] # [[:simple:Alfred Nobel|Alfred Nobel]] # [[:simple:Hans Christian Oersted|Hans Christian Oersted]] # [[:simple:Louis Pasteur|Louis Pasteur]] # [[:simple:Dennis Ritchie|Dennis Ritchie]] # [[:simple:Ole Christensen Roemer|Ole Christensen Roemer]] # [[:simple:Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen|Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen]] # [[:simple:Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann|Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann]] # [[:simple:Ernest Rutherford|Ernest Rutherford]] # [[:simple:Richard Stallman|Richard Stallman]] # [[:simple:Nikola Tesla|Nikola Tesla]] # [[:simple:Thales|Thales]] # [[:simple:Linus Torvalds|Linus Torvalds]] # [[:simple:Alan Turing|Alan Turing]] # [[:simple:Leonardo Da Vinci|Leonardo Da Vinci]] # [[:simple:Wright Brothers|The Wright Brothers]] === Social scientists (philosophers, economists, historians and thinkers) === # [[:simple:Thomas Aquinas|Thomas Aquinas]] # [[:simple:Aristotle|Aristotle]] # [[:simple:Augustinus|Augustinus]] # [[:simple:Averroes|Averroes]] # [[:simple:Matsuo Basho|Matsuo Basho]] # [[:simple:Simone de Beauvoir|Simone de Beauvoir]] # [[:simple:Confucius|Confucius]] # [[:simple:Rene Descartes|Rene Descartes]] # [[:simple:Ralph Waldo Emerson|Ralph Waldo Emerson]] # [[:simple:Edward Gibbon|Edward Gibbon]] # [[:simple:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe|Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] # [[:simple:Germaine Greer|Germaine Greer]] # [[:simple:Herodotus|Herodotus]] # [[:simple:Hippocrates|Hippocrates]] # [[:simple:Immanuel Kant|Immanuel Kant]] # [[:simple:Lao Tzu|Lao Tzu]] # [[:simple:Li Po|Li Po]] # [[:simple:Martin Luther|Martin Luther]] # [[:simple:Rosa Luxemburg|Rosa Luxemburg]] # [[:simple:Soeren Kierkegaard|Soeren Kierkegaard]] # [[:simple:Martin Luther King, Jr.|Martin Luther King, Jr.]] # [[:simple:Karl Marx|Karl Marx]] # [[:simple:Nagarjuna|Nagarjuna]] # [[:simple:Friedrich Nietzsche|Friedrich Nietzsche]] # [[:simple:Tom Paine|Tom Paine]] # [[:simple:Plato|Plato]] # [[:simple:Pythagoras|Pythagoras]] # [[:simple:Sima Qian|Sima Qian]] # [[:simple:Jean-Jacques Rousseau|Jean-Jacques Rousseau]] # [[:simple:Bertrand Russell|Bertrand Russell]] # [[:simple:Adam Smith|Adam Smith]] # [[:simple:Socrates|Socrates]] # [[:simple:Sun Tzu|Sun Tzu]] # [[:simple:Tu Fu|Tu Fu]] # [[:simple:Voltaire|Voltaire]] # [[:simple:Mary Wollstonecraft|Mary Wollstonecraft]] # [[:simple:Zeami|Zeami]] === Politicans, leaders and aristocrats === # [[:simple:Akbar the Great|Akbar the Great]] # [[:simple:Alexander the Great|Alexander the Great]] # [[:simple:Kofi Annan|Kofi Annan]] # [[:simple:Kemal Atatürk|Kemal Atatürk]] # [[:simple:Attila the Hun|Attila the Hun]] # [[:simple:Caesar Augustus|Caesar Augustus]] # [[:simple:Hastings Kamuzu Banda|Hastings Kamuzu Banda]] # [[:simple:Pope Benedict XVI|Pope Benedict XVI]] # [[:simple:Silvio Berlusconi|Silvio Berlusconi]] # [[:simple:Otto von Bismarck|Otto von Bismarck]] # [[:simple:Tony Blair|Tony Blair]] # [[:simple:Simón Bolívar|Simón Bolívar]] # [[:simple:Napoléon Bonaparte|Napoléon Bonaparte]] # [[:simple:Lucrezia Borgia|Lucrezia Borgia]] # [[:simple:Gro Harlem Brundtland|Gro Harlem Brundtland]] # [[:simple:George W. Bush|George W. Bush]] # [[:simple:Fidel Castro|Fidel Castro]] # [[:simple:Catherine the Great|Catherine the Great]], Empress of Russia # [[:simple:Charlemagne|Charlemagne]] # [[:simple:Cixi|Cixi]] (Tse Hsi, Tz'u-hsi) (The Dowager Empress of China, 1835 - 1908) # [[:simple:Jacques Chirac|Jacques Chirac]] # [[:simple:Winston Churchill|Winston Churchill]] # [[:simple:Cleopatra|Cleopatra]] # [[:simple:Princess Diana Spencer|Princess Diana Spencer]] # [[:simple:Indira Gandhi|Indira Gandhi]] # [[:simple:Constantine the Great|Constantine the Great]] # [[:simple:Queen Elizabeth I|Queen Elizabeth I]] (of England) # [[:simple:Queen Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] (of England) # [[:simple:Franz Ferdinand|Franz Ferdinand]] # [[:simple:Charles de Gaulle|Charles de Gaulle]] # [[:simple:Mikhail Gorbachev|Mikhail Gorbachev]] # [[:simple:Hammurabi|Hammurabi]] # [[:simple:Hannibal|Hannibal]] # [[:simple:Hirohito, Emperor of Japan|Hirohito, Emperor of Japan]] # [[:simple:Adolf Hitler|Adolf Hitler]] # [[:simple:Thomas Jefferson|Thomas Jefferson]] # [[:simple:Pope John Paul II|Pope John Paul II]] # [[:simple:Julius Caesar|Julius Caesar]] # [[:simple:Kaahumanu|Kaahumanu]] # [[:simple:Genghis Khan|Genghis Khan]] # [[:simple:Lenin|Vladimir Ilyich Lenin]] # [[:simple:Queen Liliuokalani|Queen Liliuokalani]] # [[:simple:Abraham Lincoln|Abraham Lincoln]] # [[:simple:Makeda|Makeda]], Queen of Sheba (Ethiopia) # [[:simple:Nelson Mandela|Nelson Mandela]] # [[:simple:Mao Tse-tung|Mao Tse-tung (Mao Zedong)]] # [[:simple:Maria Theresa of Austria|Maria Theresa of Austria]] (Holy Roman Empress) # [[:simple:Queen Mary I of Scotland|Queen Mary I of Scotland]] # [[:simple:Catherine de' Medici|Catherine de' Medici]] # [[:simple:Golda Meir|Golda Meir]] # [[:simple:Mahathir bin Mohamad|Mahathir bin Mohamad]] # [[:simple:Benito Mussolini|Benito Mussolini]] # [[:simple:Nefertiti|Nefertiti]] # [[:simple:Kwame Nkrumah|Kwame Nkrumah]] # [[:simple:Eva Perón|Eva Perón]] # [[:simple:Peter the Great (of Russia)|Peter the Great]] # [[:simple:Józef Piłsudski|Józef Piłsudski]] # [[:simple:Pol Pot|Pol Pot]] # [[:simple:Vladimir Putin|Vladimir Putin]] # [[:simple:Qin Shi Huang|Qin Shi Huang]] # [[:simple:Eleanor Roosevelt|Eleanor Roosevelt]] # [[:simple:Franklin Delano Roosevelt|Franklin Delano Roosevelt]] # [[:simple:Saladin|Saladin]] # [[:simple:Gerhard Schröder|Gerhard Schröder]] # [[:simple:Semiramis|Semiramis]], Queen of Assyria # [[:simple:Shaka Zulu|Shaka Zulu]] # [[:simple:Sitting Bull|Sitting Bull]] # [[:simple:Josef Stalin|Josef Stalin]] # [[:simple:Tamerlane|Tamerlane]] # [[:simple:Margaret Thatcher|Margaret Thatcher]] # [[:simple:Leo Trotsky|Leo Trotsky]] # [[:simple:Harry Truman|Harry Truman]] # [[:simple:Queen Victoria|Queen Victoria]] (of the United Kingdom) # [[:simple:Lech Wałęsa|Lech Wałęsa]] # [[:simple:George Washington|George Washington]] # [[:simple:Emperor Wilhelm II (Germany)|Emperor Wilhelm II]] # [[:simple:Lee Kuan Yew|Lee Kuan Yew]] === Revolutionaries and activists === # [[:simple:Joan of Arc|Joan of Arc]] # [[:simple:Mohandas Gandhi|Mohandas Gandhi]] # [[:simple:Emma Goldman|Emma Goldman]] # [[:simple:Che Guevara|Ernesto "Che" Guevara]] # [[:simple:Mary Harris|Mary Harris]] (Mother Jones) # [[:simple:Helen Keller|Helen Keller]] # [[:simple:Osama bin Laden|Osama bin Laden]] # [[:simple:Florence Nightingale|Florence Nightingale]] # [[:simple:Rosa Parks|Rosa Parks]] # [[:simple:Emilia Plater|Emilia Plater]] # [[:simple:Gavrilo Princip|Gavrilo Princip]] # [[:simple:Mother Teresa of Calcutta|Mother Teresa of Calcutta]] # [[:simple:Sojourner Truth|Sojourner Truth]] # [[:simple:Harriet Tubman|Harriet Tubman]] == History == At least five sentences on: === Prehistory and ancient world === # [[:simple:Ancient Egypt|Ancient Egypt]] # [[:simple:Archaeology|Archaeology]] # [[:simple:Bronze Age|Bronze Age]] # [[:simple:Byzantine Empire|Byzantine Empire]] # [[:simple:Classical Greece|Classical Greece]] # [[:simple:Dinosaur|Dinosaur]] # [[:simple:Human evolution|Human evolution]] # [[:simple:Inca|Inca]] ## and other Andes cultures # [[:simple:Iron Age|Iron Age]] # [[:simple:Macedonian Empire|Macedonian Empire]] # [[:simple:Mesoamerica|Mesoamerica]] # [[:simple:Prehistory|Prehistory]] # [[:simple:Roman Empire|Roman Empire]] # [[:simple:Seljuk Empire|Seljuk Empire]] # [[:simple:Stone Age|Stone Age]] # [[:simple:Sumer|Sumer]] === Middle Ages and Renaissance === # [[:simple:Age of Enlightenment|Age of Enlightenment]] # [[:simple:American War of Independece|American War of Independece]] # [[:simple:Black Death|Black Death]] # [[:simple:British Empire|British Empire]] # [[:simple:Colonization of North-east America|Colonization of North-east America]] # [[:simple:Colonization of South America|Colonization of South America]] # [[:simple:Counter-Reformation|Counter-Reformation]] # [[:simple:Crusades|Crusades]] # [[:simple:Discovery of the Americas|Discovery of the Americas]] # [[:simple:Dutch Revolt|Dutch Revolt]] # [[:simple:English Civil War|English Civil War]] # [[:simple:French Revolution|French Revolution]] # [[:simple:The Great Schism|The Great Schism]] # [[:simple:Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation|Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation]] # [[:simple:Middle Ages|Middle Ages]] # [[:simple:Napoleonic Wars|Napoleonic Wars]] # [[:simple:Ottoman Empire|Ottoman Empire]] # [[:simple:Partitions of Poland|Partitions of Poland]] # [[:simple:Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth|Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth]] # [[:simple:Reformation |Reformation ]] # [[:simple:Renaissance|Renaissance]] # [[:simple:Spanish Inquisition|Spanish Inquisition]] # [[:simple:Vikings|Vikings]] ===Industrial age=== # [[:simple:1973 oil crisis|1973 oil crisis]] # [[:simple:Afghan-Soviet War|Afghan-Soviet War]] # [[:simple:American Civil War|American Civil War]] # [[:simple:Apartheid|Apartheid]] # [[:simple:Cold War|Cold War]] # [[:simple:Decolonization|Decolonization]] # [[:simple:Establishment of the State of Israel|Establishment of the State of Israel]] # [[:simple:Industrial Revolution|Industrial Revolution]] # [[:simple:Franco-Prussian War|Franco-Prussian War]] # [[:simple:German unification|German unification]] # Gulf wars # [[:simple:Great Depression|Great Depression]] # [[:simple:The Holocaust|The Holocaust]] # [[:simple:Iranian Revolution|Iranian Revolution]] # [[:simple:Italian unification|Italian unification]] # [[:simple:Korean War|Korean War]] # [[:simple:Meiji Restoration|Meiji Restoration]] # [[:simple:Nazi Germany|Nazi Germany]] # Outer space exploration (Sputnik, Apollo programs, shuttles) # [[:simple:Perestroika and dissolution of the Soviet Union|Perestroika and dissolution of the Soviet Union]] # [[:simple:Polish-Soviet War|Polish-Soviet War]] # [[:simple:Reunification of Germany|Reunification of Germany]] # [[:simple:Russian Civil War|Russian Civil War]] # [[:simple:Russian February Revolution|Russian February Revolution]] # [[:simple:Bolshevik Revolution |Bolshevik Revolution ]] # [[:simple:Solidarity in Poland |Solidarity in Poland ]] # [[:simple:Spanish Civil War|Spanish Civil War]] # [[:simple:The Scramble for Africa|The Scramble for Africa]] # [[:simple:Treaty of Versailles|Treaty of Versailles]] # [[:simple:Vietnam War|Vietnam War]] # [[:simple:World War I|World War I]] # [[:simple:World War II|World War II]] # [[:simple:Han Dynasty|Han Dynasty]] # [[:simple:Tang Dynasty|Tang Dynasty]] # [[:simple:Sung Dynasty|Sung Dynasty]] # [[:simple:Yuan Dynasty|Yuan Dynasty]] # [[:simple:Qing Dynasty|Qing Dynasty]] # [[:simple:Ming Dynasty|Ming Dynasty]] == Geography == # Earth science # Capital # City # Continent # Desert # Ocean # Rain forest # [[:simple:River|River]] # Sea # North Pole # South Pole === Continents and major regions === At least three sentences on each of the continents # [[:simple:Africa|Africa]] # [[:simple:Antarctica|Antarctica]] # [[:simple:Asia|Asia]] # [[:simple:Europe|Europe]] # Latin America # Middle East # [[:simple:North America|North America]] # [[:simple:Oceania|Oceania]] # [[:simple:South America|South America]] === Countries === # One sentence and the table on all countries in this list (203 articles): [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries] === Major cities === Cities with historical, economical, political and/or religious importance and significance # [[:simple:Athens |Athens ]] # [[:simple:Bangkok|Bangkok]] # [[:simple:Barcelona|Barcelona]] # [[:simple:Beijing|Beijing]] # [[:simple:Belgrade|Belgrade]] # [[:simple:Berlin|Berlin]] # [[:simple:Bombay|Bombay]] # [[:simple:Brussels|Brussels]] # [[:simple:Cairo|Cairo]] # [[:simple:Copenhagen|Copenhagen]] # [[:simple:Edinburgh|Edinburgh]] # [[:simple:Frankfurt|Frankfurt]] # [[:simple:Hanoi|Hanoi]] # [[:simple:Hong Kong|Hong Kong]] # [[:simple:Istanbul|Istanbul]] # [[:simple:Jakarta|Jakarta]] # [[:simple:Jerusalem|Jerusalem]] # [[:simple:London|London]] # [[:simple:Manila|Manila]] # [[:simple:Madrid|Madrid]] # [[:simple:Mecca|Mecca]] # [[:simple:Mexico City|Mexico City]] # [[:simple:Moscow|Moscow]] # [[:simple:Munich|Munich]] (München) # [[:simple:Nairobi|Nairobi]] # [[:simple:New Delhi|New Delhi]] # [[:simple:New York|New York]] # [[:simple:Paris|Paris]] # [[:simple:Rio de Janeiro|Rio de Janeiro]] # [[:simple:Rome|Rome]] # [[:simple:Shanghai|Shanghai]] # [[:simple:Singapore|Singapore]] # [[:simple:St. Petersburg|St. Petersburg]] # [[:simple:Stockholm|Stockholm]] # [[:simple:Sydney|Sydney]] # [[:simple:Taipei|Taipei]] # [[:simple:Tokyo|Tokyo]] # [[:simple:Toronto|Toronto]] # [[:simple:Vienna|Vienna]] # [[:simple:Warsaw|Warsaw]] # [[:simple:Washington, D.C.|Washington, D.C.]] === Bodies of water === # Amazon River # Aral Sea # Arctic Ocean # [[:simple:Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] # Baltic Sea # Black Sea # Caspian Sea # Dead Sea # Great Barrier Reef # Great Lakes # [[:simple:Indian Ocean|Indian Ocean]] # Lake Baikal # Lake Tanganyika # Lake Titicaca # Lake Victoria # Mediterranean Sea # [[:simple:Mississippi River|Mississippi River]] # Niagara falls # Nile River # North Sea # [[:simple:Pacific Ocean|Pacific Ocean]] # Panama Canal # Suez Canal # [[:simple:Southern Ocean|Southern Ocean]] === Mountains, valleys and deserts === # Alps # Andes # Great Rift Valley # Himalayas # Kilimanjaro # Mount Everest # Rocky Mountains # [[:simple:Sahara Desert|Sahara Desert]] === Disasters === # [[:simple:Avalanche|Avalanche]] # [[:simple:Earthquake|Earthquake]] # [[:simple:Flood|Flood]] # [[:simple:Hurricane|Hurricane]] # [[:simple:Nuclear meltdown|Nuclear meltdown]] # [[:simple:Tsunami|Tsunami]] # [[:simple:Volcano|Volcano]] == Government and politics == # [[:simple:Anarchism|Anarchism]] # [[:simple:Anarchy|Anarchy]] # [[:simple:Capitalism|Capitalism]] # [[:simple:Communism|Communism]] # [[:simple:Democracy|Democracy]] # [[:simple:Dictatorship|Dictatorship]] # [[:simple:Fascism|Fascism]] # [[:simple:Globalisation|Globalisation]] # [[:simple:Imperialism|Imperialism]] # [[:simple:Liberalism|Liberalism]] # [[:simple:Monarchy|Monarchy]] # [[:simple:Nationalism|Nationalism]] # [[:simple:Racism|Racism]] # [[:simple:Republic|Republic]] # [[:simple:Socialism|Socialism]] # [[:simple:Separation of powers|Separation of powers]] ## [[:simple:Judiciary|Judiciary]] ## [[:simple:Legislature|Legislature]] ## [[:simple:Executive|Executive]] # [[:simple:Political party|Political party]] # [[:simple:Theocracy|Theocracy]] === Economics === # [[:simple:Economics|Economics]] # [[:simple:Money|Money]] # [[:simple:Supply and demand|Supply and demand]] # [[:simple:Market|Market]] # [[:simple:Capital|Capital]] # [[:simple:Microeconomics|Microeconomics]] # [[:simple:Macroeconomics|Macroeconomics]] ==== Currency ==== # [[:simple:American dollar|American dollar]] # [[:simple:British pound|British pound]] # [[:simple:Euro|Euro]] # [[:simple:Renminbi|Renminbi]] # [[:simple:Rupee|Rupee]] # [[:simple:Yen|Yen]] === Legal documents === # [[:simple:Communist Manifesto|Communist Manifesto]] # [[:simple:Constitution|Constitution]] # [[:simple:Law|Law]] # [[:simple:Magna Carta|Magna Carta]] # [[:simple:Leviathan|Leviathan]] # [[:simple:Republic|Republic]] === International organizations === # [[:simple:African Union|African Union]] # [[:simple:ASEAN|ASEAN]] # [[:simple:Arab League|Arab League]] # [[:simple:Antiglobalization|Antiglobalization]] # [[:simple:Commonwealth of Independent States|Commonwealth of Independent States]] # [[:simple:Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth of Nations]] # [[:simple:Council of Europe|Council of Europe]] ## [[:simple:European Court of Human Rights|European Court of Human Rights]] ## [[:simple:European Convention on Human Rights|European Convention on Human Rights]] # [[:simple:Diplomacy|Diplomacy]] # [[:simple:European Union|European Union]] # [[:simple:Freedom|Freedom]] # [[:simple:Geneva Conventions|Geneva Conventions]] ## [[:simple:Red Cross/Red Crescent/Red Crystal|Red Cross/Red Crescent/Red Crystal]] # [[:simple:Globalization|Globalization]] # [[:simple:Interpol|Interpol]] # [[:simple:NATO|NATO]] # [[:simple:Nobel Prize|Nobel Prize]] # [[:simple:OECD|OECD]] # [[:simple:OSCE|OSCE]] # [[:simple:Olympic Games, preferably with a mention of the Paralympics|Olympic Games, preferably with a mention of the Paralympics]] # [[:simple:OPEC|OPEC]] # [[:simple:Organization of American States|Organization of American States]] # [[:simple:United Nations|United Nations]] ## [[:simple:IAEA|IAEA]] ## [[:simple:IMF|IMF]] ## [[:simple:International Criminal Court|International Criminal Court]] ## [[:simple:International Court of Justice|International Court of Justice]] ## [[:simple:WHO|WHO]] ## [[:simple:WTO|WTO]] ## [[:simple:UNICEF|UNICEF]] ## [[:simple:UNESCO|UNESCO]] ## [[:simple:Universal Declaration of Human Rights|Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] ## [[:simple:World Bank|World Bank]] # [[:simple:World Peace|World Peace]] === Human issues === # [[:simple:Abortion|Abortion]] # [[:simple:Birth control|Birth control]] # [[:simple:Capital punishment|Capital punishment]] # [[:simple:Human rights|Human rights]] # [[:simple:Racism|Racism]] # [[:simple:Sexism|Sexism]] # [[:simple:Sexuality|Sexuality]] # [[:simple:Slavery|Slavery]] == Philosophy == # [[:simple:Philosophy|Philosophy]] # [[:simple:Eastern philosophy|Eastern philosophy]] # [[:simple:Western philosophy|Western philosophy]] # [[:simple:Scientific method|Scientific method]] # [[:simple:Beauty|Beauty]] # [[:simple:Ethics|Ethics]] # [[:simple:Existence|Existence]] # [[:simple:Experience|Experience]] # [[:simple:Feminism|Feminism]] # [[:simple:Humanism|Humanism]] # [[:simple:Knowledge|Knowledge]] # [[:simple:Moral (or Morality)|Moral (or Morality)]] # [[:simple:Logic|Logic]] # [[:simple:Truth|Truth]] == Religion and spirituality == # [[:simple:Religion|Religion]] At least a five-sentence introduction to the religions: # [[:simple:Astrology|Astrology]] # [[:simple:Baha'i |Baha'i ]] ## [[:simple:Báb|Báb]] ## [[:simple:Bahá'u'lláh|Bahá'u'lláh]] # [[:simple:Buddhism |Buddhism ]] ## [[:simple:Gautama Buddha|Gautama Buddha]] # [[:simple:Christianity |Christianity ]] ## [[:simple:Church|Church]] ## [[:simple:Jehovah|Jehovah]] ## [[:simple:Jehovah's Witnesses|Jehovah's Witnesses]] ## [[:simple:Jesus|Jesus]] ## [[:simple:Pope|Pope]] ## [[:simple:Protestantism|Protestantism]] ## [[:simple:Trinity|Trinity]] # [[:simple:Confucianism |Confucianism ]] # [[:simple:God|God]] ## [[:simple:Monotheism|Monotheism]] # [[:simple:Hinduism |Hinduism ]] ## [[:simple:Brahma|Brahma]] ## [[:simple:Vishnu|Vishnu]] ## [[:simple:Siva|Siva]] # [[:simple:Islam |Islam ]] ## [[:simple:Ali|Ali]] ## [[:simple:Mosque|Mosque]] ## [[:simple:Muhammad|Muhammad]] ## [[:simple:Omar|Omar]] ## [[:simple:Sufism|Sufism]] # [[:simple:Jainism |Jainism ]] # [[:simple:Judaism|Judaism]] ## [[:simple:Moses|Moses]] ## [[:simple:Torah|Torah]] ## [[:simple:Talmud|Talmud]] # [[:simple:Mythology|Mythology]] ## [[:simple:Greek mythology|Greek mythology]] # [[:simple:Shinto |Shinto ]] # [[:simple:Sikhism|Sikhism]] ## [[:simple:Nanak|Nanak]] # [[:simple:Spirits|Spirits]] # [[:simple:Taoism |Taoism ]] # [[:simple:Unitarianism|Unitarianism]] # [[:simple:Voodoo|Voodoo]] # [[:simple:Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrianism]] ## [[:simple:Zoroaster|Zoroaster]] ===Religious philosophies=== # [[:simple:Agnosticism|Agnosticism]] # [[:simple:Atheism|Atheism]] # [[:simple:Fundamentalism|Fundamentalism]] == Culture == At least three sentences on: # [[:simple:Art|Art]] ## [[:simple:Painting|Painting]] ## [[:simple:Sculpture|Sculpture]] # [[:simple:Culture|Culture]] # [[:simple:Dance|Dance]] # [[:simple:Radio|Radio]] # [[:simple:Television|Television]] # [[:simple:Theater|Theater]] ## [[:simple:Broadway|Broadway]] ## [[:simple:Noh|Noh]] # [[:simple:Tourism|Tourism]] === Architecture / civil engineering === # [[:simple:Architecture|Architecture]] # [[:simple:Arch|Arch]] # [[:simple:Bridge|Bridge]] # [[:simple:Canal |Canal ]] # [[:simple:Dam|Dam]] # [[:simple:Dome|Dome]] # [[:simple:Nail|Nail]] # [[:simple:Tower |Tower ]] ==== Historical / particular architectures ==== # [[:simple:Aswan Dam|Aswan Dam]] # [[:simple:Great Wall of China|Great Wall of China]] # [[:simple:Pyramids|Pyramids]] # [[:simple:Taj Mahal|Taj Mahal]] === Film === # [[:simple:Film|Film]] ## History/evolution ### [[:simple:Silent era|Silent era]] ### Transition to sound ### [[:simple:Studio era|Studio era]] (Including the different "type" of films from MGM, Warner Bros, Fox, Columbia, etc.) ### Modern era ===Literature=== # [[:simple:Literature|Literature]] ## [[:simple:Novel|Novel]] ### [[:simple:Don Quixote|Don Quixote]] ### [[:simple:Thousand and One Nights|Thousand and One Nights]] ## [[:simple:Poetry|Poetry]] ### [[:simple:Epic of Gilgamesh|Epic of Gilgamesh]] ### [[:simple:Iliad|Iliad]] ### [[:simple:Mahabharata|Mahabharata]] ### [[:simple:Odyssey|Odyssey]] # [[:simple:Books|Books]] ## [[:simple:The Bible|The Bible]] ## [[:simple:The Qur'an|The Qur'an]] ===Music=== # [[:simple:Music|Music]] ## [[:simple:CD|CD]] ## [[:simple:Classical music|Classical music]] ### [[:simple:Opera|Opera]] ### [[:simple:Symphony|Symphony]] ## [[:simple:Jazz|Jazz]] ## [[:simple:Pop music|Pop music]] ## [[:simple:Reggae|Reggae]] ## [[:simple:Soul and gospel|Soul and gospel]] ## [[:simple:Rock and roll|Rock and roll]] ### [[:simple:Heavy metal|Heavy metal]] ## [[:simple:Traditional|Traditional]] ### [[:simple:Gamelan|Gamelan]] ### [[:simple:Indian classical music|Indian classical music]] # [[:simple:Musical instruments|Musical instruments]] ## [[:simple:Drum|Drum]] ## [[:simple:Flute|Flute]] ## [[:simple:Guitar|Guitar]] ## [[:simple:Piano|Piano]] ## [[:simple:String instrument|String instrument]] ## [[:simple:Trumpet|Trumpet]] ## [[:simple:Violin|Violin]] == Science == At least a five-sentence introduction to the major fields: === Astronomy === # [[:simple:Astronomy|Astronomy]] # [[:simple:Asteroid|Asteroid]] # [[:simple:Big Bang|Big Bang]] # Black hole # [[:simple:Comet|Comet]] # [[:simple:Earth|Earth]] # [[:simple:Galaxy|Galaxy]] # [[:simple:Jupiter (planet)|Jupiter]] # [[:simple:Light year|Light year]] # [[:simple:Mars (planet)|Mars]] # [[:simple:Mercury (planet)|Mercury]] # [[:simple:Milky Way|Milky Way]] # [[:simple:Moon|Moon]] # [[:simple:Neptune (planet)|Neptune]] # [[:simple:Planet|Planet]] # [[:simple:Pluto (planet)|Pluto]] # [[:simple:Saturn (planet)|Saturn]] # [[:simple:Solar System|Solar System]] # [[:simple:Star|Star]] # [[:simple:Sun|Sun]] # [[:simple:Uranus (planet)|Uranus]] # [[:simple:Venus (planet)|Venus]] === Biology === # [[:simple:Biology|Biology]] ==== Biological materials ==== # [[:simple:DNA|DNA]] # [[:simple:Enzyme|Enzyme]] # [[:simple:Protein|Protein]] ==== Mammalian anatomy ==== # [[:simple:Digestive system|Digestive system]] ## [[:simple:Large intestine|Large intestine]] ## [[:simple:Small intestine|Small intestine]] ## [[:simple:Liver|Liver]] # [[:simple:Respiratory system|Respiratory system]] ## [[:simple:Lungs|Lungs]] # [[:simple:Skeletal system|Skeletal system]] # [[:simple:Nervous system|Nervous system]] ## [[:simple:Brain|Brain]] ## [[:simple:Sensory system|Sensory system]] ### [[:simple:Auditory system|Auditory system]] #### [[:simple:Ear|Ear]] ### [[:simple:Visual system|Visual system]] #### [[:simple:Eye|Eye]] ### [[:simple:Olfactory system|Olfactory system]] ### [[:simple:Gustatory system|Gustatory system]] ### [[:simple:Somatosensory system|Somatosensory system]] # [[:simple:Endocrine system|Endocrine system]] # [[:simple:Circulatory system|Circulatory system]] ## [[:simple:Blood|Blood]] ## [[:simple:Heart|Heart]] # [[:simple:Reproductive system|Reproductive system]] ## [[:simple:Penis|Penis]] ## [[:simple:Vagina|Vagina]] # [[:simple:Integumentary system|Integumentary system]] ## [[:simple:Skin|Skin]] # [[:simple:Breast|Breast]] ==== Biological processes ==== # [[:simple:Digestion|Digestion]] # [[:simple:Evolution |Evolution ]] # [[:simple:Excretion|Excretion]] # [[:simple:Photosynthesis|Photosynthesis]] # [[:simple:Pregnancy|Pregnancy]] # [[:simple:Reproduction|Reproduction]] # [[:simple:Respiration|Respiration]] ==== Organisms ==== # [[:simple:Animal|Animal]] ## Chordate ### [[:simple:Amphibian|Amphibian]] #### [[:simple:Frog|Frog]] ### [[:simple:Bird|Bird]] #### [[:simple:Dove|Dove]] #### [[:simple:Eagle|Eagle]] ### [[:simple:Fish|Fish]] #### [[:simple:Shark|Shark]] ### [[:simple:Mammal|Mammal]] #### [[:simple:Bat|Bat]] #### [[:simple:Bear|Bear]] #### [[:simple:Camel|Camel]] #### [[:simple:Cat|Cat]] #### [[:simple:Cattle|Cattle]] #### [[:simple:Dog|Dog]] #### [[:simple:Dolphin|Dolphin]] #### [[:simple:Elephant|Elephant]] #### [[:simple:Horse|Horse]] #### [[:simple:Sheep|Sheep]] #### [[:simple:Lion|Lion]] #### [[:simple:Mammoth|Mammoth]] #### [[:simple:Monkey|Monkey]] #### [[:simple:Pig|Pig]] #### [[:simple:Whale|Whale]] ### [[:simple:Reptile|Reptile]] #### [[:simple:Snake|Snake]] ## [[:simple:Insect|Insect]] ### [[:simple:Ant|Ant]] ### [[:simple:Bee|Bee]] ### [[:simple:Butterfly|Butterfly]] ## [[:simple:Arachnid|Arachnid]] # [[:simple:Archea|Archea]] # [[:simple:Bacterium|Bacterium]] # [[:simple:Fungus|Fungus]] # [[:simple:Plant|Plant]] ## [[:simple:Flower|Flower]] ## [[:simple:Palm|Palm]] ## [[:simple:Tree|Tree]] # Protist # [[:simple:Cell|Cell]] === Chemistry === # [[:simple:Chemistry|Chemistry]] # [[:simple:Element|Element]] # [[:simple:List of elements|List of elements]] # [[:simple:Biochemistry|Biochemistry]] # [[:simple:Organic chemistry|Organic chemistry]] # [[:simple:Periodic table|Periodic table]] # [[:simple:Aluminium|Aluminium]] # [[:simple:Carbon|Carbon]] # [[:simple:Copper|Copper]] # [[:simple:Gold|Gold]] # [[:simple:Iron|Iron]] # [[:simple:Helium|Helium]] # [[:simple:Hydrogen|Hydrogen]] # [[:simple:Lithium|Lithium]] # [[:simple:Neon|Neon]] # [[:simple:Nitrogen|Nitrogen]] # [[:simple:Oxygen|Oxygen]] # [[:simple:Silver|Silver]] # [[:simple:Zinc|Zinc]] === Ecology === # [[:simple:Ecology|Ecology]] # Species ## Endangered species === Geology === # [[:simple:Basalt|Basalt]] # [[:simple:Flint|Flint]] # [[:simple:Limestone|Limestone]] # Earth (Geology) === Medicine === # [[:simple:Medicine|Medicine]] # [[:simple:AIDS|AIDS]] # [[:simple:Alcoholism|Alcoholism]] # [[:simple:Cancer|Cancer]] # [[:simple:Cirrhosis of the liver|Cirrhosis of the liver]] # [[:simple:Cholera|Cholera]] # [[:simple:Dentistry|Dentistry]] # [[:simple:Diabetes mellitus|Diabetes mellitus]] # [[:simple:Dysentery|Dysentery]] # [[:simple:Heart disease|Heart disease]] # [[:simple:Hypertension|Hypertension]] # [[:simple:Influenza|Influenza]] # [[:simple:Lung cancer|Lung cancer]] # [[:simple:Malaria|Malaria]] # [[:simple:Malnutrtion|Malnutrtion]] # [[:simple:Obesity|Obesity]] # [[:simple:Sexually transmitted disease|Sexually transmitted disease]] # [[:simple:Smallpox|Smallpox]] # [[:simple:Stroke|Stroke]] # [[:simple:Syphilis|Syphilis]] # [[:simple:Tuberculosis|Tuberculosis]] # [[:simple:Virus|Virus]] # [[:simple:Blindness|Blindness]] # [[:simple:Mental Illness|Mental Illness]] # [[:simple:Deafness|Deafness]] === Weather === # [[:simple:Cloud|Cloud]] # [[:simple:El Niño|El Niño]] # [[:simple:Global Warming|Global Warming]] # [[:simple:Tornado|Tornado]] # [[:simple:Tropical cyclone|Tropical cyclone]] # [[:simple:Rain|Rain]] # [[:simple:Snow|Snow]] === Physics === # [[:simple:Physics|Physics]] # [[:simple:Atom|Atom]] ## [[:simple:Electron|Electron]] ## [[:simple:Neutron|Neutron]] ## [[:simple:Proton|Proton]] # [[:simple:Energy|Energy]] ## [[:simple:Electromagnetic radiation|Electromagnetic radiation]] ### [[:simple:Radio|Radio]] ### IR ### Visible #### [[:simple:Spectrum|Spectrum]] #### [[:simple:Black|Black]] #### [[:simple:White|White]] #### [[:simple:Red|Red]] #### [[:simple:Yellow|Yellow]] #### [[:simple:Green|Green]] #### [[:simple:Blue|Blue]] ### UV ### [[:simple:Gamma|Gamma]] # [[:simple:Isotope|Isotope]] # [[:simple:Molecule|Molecule]] # [[:simple:Light|Light]] #Forces ## [[:simple:Gravitation|Gravitation]] ## [[:simple:Electromagnetism|Electromagnetism]] ## [[:simple:Weak nuclear force|Weak nuclear force]] ## [[:simple:Strong nuclear force|Strong nuclear force]] # Acceleration # Force # [[:simple:Mass|Mass]] # [[:simple:Speed|Speed]] # [[:simple:Time|Time]] # [[:simple:Velocity|Velocity]] # [[:simple:Weight|Weight]] # [[:simple:Quantum mechanics|Quantum mechanics]] # [[:simple:Theory of relativity|Theory of relativity]] === Human sciences === # [[:simple:Anthropology|Anthropology]] # [[:simple:Education|Education]] # [[:simple:Pedagogy|Pedagogy]] # [[:simple:Psychology|Psychology]] # [[:simple:Sociology|Sociology]] === Non-energy-related Resources === # [[:simple:Minerals|Minerals]] ## [[:simple:Iron|Iron]] ## [[:simple:Aluminum|Aluminum]] ## [[:simple:Tin|Tin]] ## [[:simple:Gold|Gold]] ## [[:simple:Silver|Silver]] ## [[:simple:Bronze|Bronze]] # [[:simple:Diamond|Diamond]] # [[:simple:Salt|Salt]] === SI units and others === # [[:simple:SI Unit System|SI Unit System]] # [[:simple:Metre|Metre]] # [[:simple:Litre|Litre]] # [[:simple:Kilogram|Kilogram]] # [[:simple:Volt|Volt]] # [[:simple:Watt|Watt]] # [[:simple:Newton|Newton]] === Calendars and timekeeping=== # [[:simple:Calendar|Calendar]] # [[:simple:Day|Day]] ## [[:simple:Gregorian calendar|Gregorian calendar]] ### Day-of-week algorithm ### Calculation of date of Easter ### [[:simple:Leap year|Leap year]] # [[:simple:Month|Month]] # [[:simple:Time zone|Time zone]] ## [[:simple:Daylight Savings Time|Daylight Savings Time]] # [[:simple:Year|Year]] # (article about each of the months of the year) # [[:simple:Chinese calendar|Chinese calendar]] == Technology == === Computers === # [[:simple:Computer|Computer]] ## [[:simple:Processor|Processor]] ## [[:simple:RAM|RAM]] ## [[:simple:Motherboard|Motherboard]] ## [[:simple:Hard disk|Hard disk]] ## [[:simple:Boot loader|Boot loader]] # [[:simple:Artificial Intelligence|Artificial Intelligence]] # [[:simple:Computer science|Computer science]] ## [[:simple:Algorithm|Algorithm]] # [[:simple:Operating system|Operating system]] ## [[:simple:Microsoft Windows|Microsoft Windows]] ## [[:simple:Mac OS|Mac OS]] ## [[:simple:GNU and Linux|GNU and Linux]] ## [[:simple:Unix|Unix]] # [[:simple:Programming language|Programming language]] ## [[:simple:C|C]] ## [[:simple:C plus plus|C++]] ## [[:simple:Java|Java]] ## [[:simple:Pascal|Pascal]] ## [[:simple:PHP|PHP]] # [[:simple:Software|Software]] # [[:simple:User interface|User interface]] ## [[:simple:Mouse|Mouse]] ## [[:simple:Keyboard|Keyboard]] ## [[:simple:Monitor|Monitor]] === Common technology === # [[:simple:Coinage|Coinage]] # [[:simple:Engineering|Engineering]] # [[:simple:Inclined plane|Inclined plane]] # [[:simple:Lever|Lever]] # [[:simple:Metallurgy|Metallurgy]] # [[:simple:Pulley|Pulley]] # [[:simple:Screw|Screw]] # [[:simple:Wedge|Wedge]] # [[:simple:Wheel|Wheel]] === Communication === # [[:simple:Letters / Alphabet|Letters / Alphabet]] ## [[:simple:Chinese character|Chinese character]] ## [[:simple:Cyrillic alphabet|Cyrillic alphabet]] ## [[:simple:Greek alphabet|Greek alphabet]] ## [[:simple:Latin alphabet|Latin alphabet]] ## [[:simple:Literacy|Literacy]] # [[:simple:Information|Information]] # [[:simple:Internet|Internet]] ## [[:simple:E-mail|E-mail]] ## [[:simple:Internet protocol|Internet protocol]] ## [[:simple:TCP|TCP]] ## [[:simple:World Wide Web|World Wide Web]] ### [[:simple:Web browser|Web browser]] ## [[:simple:HTTP|HTTP]] ## [[:simple:HTML|HTML]] ## [[:simple:Wiki|Wiki]] # [[:simple:Journalism|Journalism]] ## [[:simple:Newspaper|Newspaper]] ## [[:simple:Mass media|Mass media]] ## [[:simple:Radio|Radio]] # [[:simple:Printing|Printing]] # [[:simple:Railroad|Railroad]] # [[:simple:Telegraph|Telegraph]] # [[:simple:Telephone|Telephone]] ## [[:simple:Mobile telephone|Mobile telephone]] # [[:simple:Television|Television]] # [[:simple:Writing|Writing]] === Electronics === # [[:simple:Electronics|Electronics]] ## [[:simple:Voltage|Voltage]] ## [[:simple:Current|Current]] ## [[:simple:Charge|Charge]] ## [[:simple:Frequency|Frequency]] ## [[:simple:Phase|Phase]] ## [[:simple:Resistance|Resistance]] ## [[:simple:Reactance|Reactance]] ## [[:simple:Inductance|Inductance]] ## [[:simple:Capacitance|Capacitance]] ## [[:simple:Gain|Gain]] # [[:simple:Components|Components]] ## [[:simple:Transistor|Transistor]] ## [[:simple:Diode|Diode]] ## [[:simple:Resistor|Resistor]] ## [[:simple:Capacitor|Capacitor]] ## [[:simple:Transformer|Transformer]] ## [[:simple:Inductor|Inductor]] === Food production === # Grain grinding # Irrigation # Knife # Plough # Pottery === Harnessing energy === # [[:simple:Combustion engine|Combustion engine]] # [[:simple:Electricity|Electricity]] ## [[:simple:Nuclear|Nuclear]] # [[:simple:Fossil fuels|Fossil fuels]] ## [[:simple:Coal|Coal]] ## [[:simple:Gas|Gas]] ## [[:simple:Oil|Oil]] # [[:simple:Fire|Fire]] # [[:simple:Renewable energy sources|Renewable energy sources]] ## [[:simple:Solar|Solar]] ## [[:simple:Hydro|Hydro]] ## [[:simple:Wind|Wind]] ## [[:simple:Waves|Waves]] ## [[:simple:Wood|Wood]] # [[:simple:Steam engine|Steam engine]] === Materials === # [[:simple:Glass|Glass]] # [[:simple:Paper|Paper]] # [[:simple:Plastic|Plastic]] === Transportation === # [[:simple:Transportation|Transportation]] ## [[:simple:Airplane|Airplane]] ## [[:simple:Car|Car]] ## [[:simple:Bicycle|Bicycle]] ## [[:simple:Boat|Boat]] ## [[:simple:Ship|Ship]] ## [[:simple:Train|Train]] === Weapons === # [[:simple:Axe|Axe]] # [[:simple:Explosives|Explosives]] # [[:simple:Firearms|Firearms]] # [[:simple:Gunpowder|Gunpowder]] # [[:simple:Machine gun|Machine gun]] # [[:simple:Martial arts|Martial arts]] # [[:simple:Nuclear weapons|Nuclear weapons]] # [[:simple:Sword|Sword]] # [[:simple:Tank|Tank]] == Industry == # Manufacturing # Mining # Refining == Foodstuffs == # Barley # [[:simple:Bread|Bread]] # [[:simple:Cheese|Cheese]] # Chocolate # Cotton # Honey # [[:simple:Fruit|Fruit]] ## [[:simple:Apple|Apple]] ## [[:simple:Banana|Banana]] ## Grape ## [[:simple:Lemon|Lemon]] ## [[:simple:Orange|Orange]] # Maize # Oats # [[:simple:Potato|Potato]] # Rice # Sorghum # Soya bean # Sugar # Tobacco # Vegetable # Wheat === Beverages === # [[:simple:Alcohol|Alcohol]] ## [[:simple:Beer|Beer]] ## [[:simple:Wine|Wine]] # Cola # Coffee # Tea # [[:simple:Water|Water]] # [[:simple:Milk|Milk]] == Language == # [[:simple:Language|Language]] # Dialect # [[:simple:Grammar|Grammar]] # [[:simple:Linguistics|Linguistics]] # [[:simple:Pronunciation|Pronunciation]] # [[:simple:Syntax|Syntax]] # [[:simple:Word|Word]] # (article about the language specific to that Wikipedia) # [[:simple:Arabic|Arabic]] # [[:simple:Bengali|Bengali]] # [[:simple:English|English]] # [[:simple:Esperanto|Esperanto]] # [[:simple:French|French]] # [[:simple:German|German]] # [[:simple:Greek|Greek]] # [[:simple:Hebrew|Hebrew]] # [[:simple:Hindi|Hindi]] # [[:simple:Japanese language|Japanese]] # [[:simple:Latin|Latin]] # [[:simple:Russian|Russian]] # [[:simple:Sanskrit|Sanskrit]] # [[:simple:Spanish|Spanish]] # Mandarin Chinese (Putonghua)  # Tamil # Turkish  == Mathematics == # [[:simple:Mathematics|Mathematics]] # [[:simple:Algebra|Algebra]] # [[:simple:Axiom|Axiom]] # [[:simple:Calculus|Calculus]] ## [[:simple:Integration|Integration]] ## [[:simple:Differentiation|Differentiation]] # [[:simple:Geometry|Geometry]] ## [[:simple:Circle|Circle]] ### [[:simple:Pi|Pi]] ## [[:simple:Square|Square]] ## [[:simple:Triangle|Triangle]] # Group theory # Mathematical logic # Mathematical proof ## Proof by deduction ## Proof by induction ## Proof by contradiction # [[:simple:Number|Number]] ## Complex number ## [[:simple:Integer|Integer]] ## Natural number ## [[:simple:Prime number|Prime number]] ## Rational number # [[:simple:Infinity|Infinity]] # Set theory # [[:simple:Statistics|Statistics]] # [[:simple:Trigonometry|Trigonometry]] == Military == # Army ## Artillery ##Cavalry ## Infantry # Navy # Airforce == Sports and games == # [[:simple:Sports|Sports]] ## [[:simple:Olympics|Olympics]] ## [[:simple:Football World Cup|Football World Cup]] ## [[:simple:Athletics|Athletics]] ## [[:simple:Badminton|Badminton]] ## [[:simple:Baseball|Baseball]] ## [[:simple:Basketball|Basketball]] ## [[:simple:Cricket|Cricket]] ## [[:simple:Fencing|Fencing]] ## [[:simple:Ice hockey|Ice hockey]] ## [[:simple:Judo|Judo]] ## [[:simple:Motor racing|Motor racing]] ## [[:simple:Rugby|Rugby]] ## [[:simple:Soccer|Soccer]] ## [[:simple:Tennis|Tennis]] ## [[:simple:Volleyball|Volleyball]] ## [[:simple:Waterpolo|Waterpolo]] ## [[:simple:Wrestling|Wrestling]] # [[:simple:Games|Games]] ## [[:simple:Backgammon|Backgammon]] ## [[:simple:Checkers|Checkers]] ## [[:simple:Chess|Chess]] ## [[:simple:Go|Go]] ## [[:simple:Mancala|Mancala]] # [[:simple:Gambling|Gambling]] :''If you support this effort, please add to the list. We can then decide what the basic sentences can be for each article.'' [[Category:Proposals]] [[Category:Multilingualism]] [[ast:Wikipedia:Llista d'artículos que toa Wikipedia tien que tener]] [[bs:Wikipedia:1000 članaka]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:Llistat d'articles que totes les llengües haurien de tenir]] [[cs:Wikipedie:1000 nejdůležitějších článků]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Rhestr erthyglau sy'n angenrheidiol yn holl ieithoedd]] [[da:Wikipedia:Liste over artikler vi bør have]] [[de:Wikipedia:Artikel, die es in allen Wikipedias geben sollte]] [[el:Βικιπαίδεια:Κατάλογος άρθρων που όλες οι γλώσσες πρέπει να έχουν]] [[en:Wikipedia:List of articles all languages should have]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Listo de havendaj artikoloj]] [[es:Wikipedia:Lista de artículos que toda Wikipedia debería tener]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Luettelo keskeisistä tietosanakirja-artikkeleista]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Liste d'articles que toutes les encyclopédies devraient avoir]] [[fur:Wikipedia:Liste dai articui che dutis lis vichipedîs a varessin di vê]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Liosta de ábhair is gá ag gach uilig Vicipéid]] [[gl:Wikipedia:Lista de artigos que toda Wikipedia debera ter]] [[gu:વિકિપીડિયા:દરેક ભાષાના વિકિપીડિયામાં હોય એવા પ્રારંભિક લેખોની યાદી]] [[hi:विकिपीडिया:कुछ प्रारंभिक लेख जो कि हर भाषा के विकिपीडिया में होने चाहिए]] [[hu:Wikipédia:Ezer fontos cikk]] [[hy:Wikipedia:1000 հոդվածներ, որոնք կարևոր են բոլոր լեզուներով հանրագիտարանների համար]] [[id:Wikipedia:Artikel yang perlu dimiliki Wikipedia seluruh bahasa]] [[it:Wikipedia:Lista degli articoli che tutte le Wikipedie devono avere]] [[ja:Wikipedia:すべての言語版にあるべき項目の一覧]] [[ku:Wîkîpediya:Gotar ku ji bo hemû Wîkîpediyayan pêwîst in]] [[la:Vicipaedia:Articuli quos omnes Vicipaediae habeant]] [[li:Wikipedia:Lies van artikele die elke Wikipedia moot höbbe]] [[lt:Wikipedia:Sąrašas straipsnių, būtinų visomis kalbomis]] [[lv:Wikipedia:Raksti, kuriem vajadzētu būt visu valodu Vikipēdijās]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Senarai artikel semua bahasa perlu ada]] [[nb:Wikipedia:Liste over artikler vi bør ha]] [[nl:Wikipedia:Artikelen die elke Wikipedia zou moeten hebben]] [[nn:Wikipedia:Liste over artiklar vi bør ha]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Strony, które powinna mieć każda Wikipedia]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Lista dos 1000 artigos essenciais]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Listă de articole pe care ar trebui să le aibă fiecare Wikipedie]] [[ru:Википедия:Список статей, которые должны быть во всех языковых версиях]] [[scn:Wikipedia:Articuli nicissari]] [[simple:Wikipedia:List of articles all languages should have]] [[sk:Wikipedia:1000 najdôležitejších článkov]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Članki, ki bi jih morala imeti vsaka Wikipedija]] [[sr:Википедија:Списак чланака које српска Википедија треба да има]] [[uk:Wikipedia:Статті які повинні бути у всіх вікіпедіях]] [[th:วิกิพีเดีย:รายชื่อบทความที่ควรมี]] [[tr:Vikipedi:Her vikipedide olması gereken makaleler]] [[zh:Wikipedia:所有維基都應該有的條目]] 5073 2006-04-18T17:39:57Z Proof 83 There are a growing number of Wikipedia projects, some very active, and others quite moribund. I propose that we invigorate them, and ensure that they each contain a minimum of information that will be of use to users. This way, people will be encouraged to use these projects and help in their growth. I therefore suggest that we make a list of 1,000 basic articles that we should try to encourage to appear on every existing Wikipedia. : It still remains to define how detailed these 'articles' should be; or better yet, the list should include both significant articles (primary elements) and secondary topics/articles, which should either get short paragraph-length stubs, or be covered by a longer article. These articles should be very basic, and incorporate the most essential information. In some cases, it will be only a table, while in other cases, it will be a stub. This will, however, provide some impetus for the smaller projects to grow. This project hopes to create easily translatable versions of these articles, containing core information at [[:simple:Wikipedia:List of articles all languages should have]]. :''If you support this effort, please add to the list.'' == How to use this list == There are several different ways to use this list. The first is to translate it into the language of your Wikipedia and see whether you have articles on all of these topics. The topics will eventually all be linked to articles in the Simple English Wikipedia. If you are missing an article, or if you are starting out with a new language, you may want to translate these basic articles. You can also check the language links in the Simple English articles for more comprehensive coverage of the topics in many other languages. == Biography == At least two paragraphes on 100 key historical figures  === Actors === # [[:simple:Clara Bow|Clara Bow]] # [[:simple:Marlon Brando|Marlon Brando]] # [[:simple:Charlie Chaplin|Charlie Chaplin]] # [[:simple:Joan Crawford|Joan Crawford]] # [[:simple:James Dean|James Dean]] # [[:simple:Douglas Fairbanks|Douglas Fairbanks]] # [[:simple:Greta Garbo|Greta Garbo]] # [[:simple:Jean Harlow|Jean Harlow]] # [[:simple:Carole Lombard|Carole Lombard]] # [[:simple:Marilyn Monroe|Marilyn Monroa]] # [[:simple:Jack Pickford|Jack Pickford]] # [[:simple:Norma Shearer|Norma Shearer]] # [[:simple:Gloria Swanson|Gloria Swanson]] # [[:simple:John Wayne|John Wayne]] === Artists === # [[:simple:Michelangelo Buonarroti|Michelangelo Buonarroti]] # [[:simple:Paul Cézanne|Paul Cézanne]] # [[:simple:Vincent van Gogh|Vincent van Gogh]] # [[:simple:Katsushika Hokusai|Katsushika Hokusai]] # [[:simple:Frida Kahlo|Frida Kahlo]] # [[:simple:Claude Monet|Claude Monet]] # [[:simple:Georgia O'Keefe|Georgia O'Keefe]] # [[:simple:Pablo Picasso|Pablo Picasso]] # [[:simple:Jackson Pollock|Jackson Pollock]] # [[:simple:Nicolas Poussin|Nicolas Poussin]] # [[:simple:Rembrandt van Rijn|Rembrandt van Rijn]] # [[:simple:Auguste Rodin|Auguste Rodin]] # [[:simple:Rafael Sancho|Rafael Sancho]] # [[:simple:Andy Warhol|Andy Warhol]] === Authors, playwrights and poets ===  # [[:simple:Dante Alighieri|Dante Alighieri]] # [[:simple:Hans Christian Andersen|Hans Christian Andersen]] # [[:simple:Aristophanes|Aristophanes]] # [[:simple:Isaac Asimov|Isaac Asimov]] # [[:simple:Jane Austen|Jane Austen]] # [[:simple:Bertolt Brecht|Bertolt Brecht]] # [[:simple:Lord Byron|Lord Byron]] # [[:simple:Miguel de Cervantes|Miguel de Cervantes]] # [[:simple:Anton Chekhov|Anton Chekhov]] # [[:simple:Emily Dickinson|Emily Dickinson]] # [[:simple:Fyodor Dostoevsky|Fyodor Dostoevsky]] # [[:simple:Arthur Conan Doyle|Arthur Conan Doyle]] # [[:simple:Alexandre Dumas|Alexandre Dumas]] # [[:simple:F. Scott Fitzgerald|F. Scott Fitzgerald]] # [[:simple:Grimm Brothers|Grimm Brothers]] # [[:simple:Dashiell Hammett|Dashiell Hammett]] # [[:simple:Nathaniel Hawthorne|Nathaniel Hawthorne]] # [[:simple:Ernest Hemingway|Ernest Hemingway]] # [[:simple:Hildegard of Bingen|Hildegard of Bingen]] # [[:simple:Homer|Homer]] # [[:simple:Victor Hugo|Victor Hugo]] # [[:simple:Langston Hughes|Langston Hughes]] # [[:simple:Henrik Ibsen|Henrik Ibsen]] # [[:simple:James Joyce|James Joyce]] # [[:simple:Franz Kafka|Franz Kafka]] # [[:simple:Astrid Lindgren|Astrid Lindgren]] # [[:simple:Thomas Mann|Thomas Mann]] # [[:simple:Edna St. Vincent Millay|Edna St. Vincent Millay]] # [[:simple:Arthur Miller|Arthur Miller]] # [[:simple:Moliere|Moliere]] # [[:simple:Pablo Neruda|Pablo Neruda]] # [[:simple:Sylvia Plath|Sylvia Plath]] # [[:simple:Edgar Allan Poe|Edgar Allan Poe]] # [[:simple:Marcel Proust|Marcel Proust]] # [[:simple:Alexandr Pushkin|Alexandr Pushkin]] # [[:simple:Rainer Maria Rilke|Rainer Maria Rilke]] # [[:simple:Carl Sandburg|Carl Sandburg]] # [[:simple:Sappho|Sappho]] # [[:simple:Jean-Paul Sartre|Jean-Paul Sartre]] # [[:simple:William Shakespeare|William Shakespeare]] # [[:simple:George Bernard Shaw|George Bernard Shaw]] # [[:simple:Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley|Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley]] # [[:simple:Murasaki Shikibu|Murasaki Shikibu]] # [[:simple:Sophocles|Sophocles]] # [[:simple:Robert Louis Stevenson|Robert Louis Stevenson]] # [[:simple:JRR Tolkien|JRR Tolkien]] # [[:simple:Leo Tolstoy|Leo Tolstoy]] # [[:simple:Mark Twain|Mark Twain]] # [[:simple:Jules Verne|Jules Verne]] # [[:simple:Virgil|Virgil]] # [[:simple:H. G. Wells|H. G. Wells]] # [[:simple:Walt Whitman|Walt Whitman]] # [[:simple:Oscar Wilde|Oscar Wilde]] # [[:simple:WB Yeats|WB Yeats]] === Composers and musicians === # [[:simple:Johann Sebastian Bach|Johann Sebastian Bach]] # [[:simple:The Beatles|The Beatles]] # [[:simple:Ludwig van Beethoven|Ludwig van Beethoven]] # [[:simple:Fryderyk Chopin|Fryderyk Chopin]] # [[:simple:Antonín Dvořák|Antonín Dvořák]] # [[:simple:Aretha Franklin|Aretha Franklin]] # [[:simple:Gustav Mahler|Gustav Mahler]] # [[:simple:Claudio Monteverdi|Claudio Monteverdi]] # [[:simple:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] # [[:simple:Elvis Presley|Elvis Presley]] # [[:simple:The Rolling Stones|The Rolling Stones]] # [[:simple:Richard Wagner|Richard Wagner]] === Explorers === # [[:simple:Roald Amundsen|Roald Amundsen]] # [[:simple:Willem Barentz|Willem Barentz]] # [[:simple:Vitus Bering|Vitus Bering]] # [[:simple:Jacques Cartier|Jacques Cartier]] # [[:simple:Christopher Columbus|Christopher Columbus]] # [[:simple:James Cook|James Cook]] # [[:simple:Hernán Cortés|Hernán Cortés]] # [[:simple:Francis Drake|Francis Drake]] # [[:simple:Leif Ericsson|Leif Ericsson]] # [[:simple:Vasco da Gama|Vasco da Gama]] # [[:simple:Edmund Hilary|Edmund Hillary]] # [[:simple:Tenzing Norgay|Tenzing Norgay]] # [[:simple:Ferdinand Magellan|Ferdinand Magellan]] # [[:simple:Marco Polo|Marco Polo]] # [[:simple:Abel Tasman|Abel Tasman]] # [[:simple:Zheng He|Zheng He]] === Film directors and screenwriters === # [[:simple:Dorothy Arzner|Dorothy Arzner]] # [[:simple:Ingmar Bergman|Ingmar Bergman]] # [[:simple:Michael Curtiz|Michael Curtiz]] # [[:simple:Cecil B. DeMille|Cecil B. DeMille]] # [[:simple:Walt Disney|Walt Disney]] # [[:simple:Sergei Eisenstein|Sergei Eisenstein]] # [[:simple:John Ford|John Ford]] # [[:simple:D. W. Griffith|D. W. Griffith]] # [[:simple:Howard Hawks|Howard Hawks]] # [[:simple:Alfred Hitchcock|Alfred Hitchcock]] # [[:simple:Akira Kurosawa|Akira Kurosawa]] # [[:simple:Fritz Lang|Fritz Lang]] # [[:simple:Mitchell Leisen|Mitchell Leisen]] # [[:simple:George Lucas|George Lucas]] # [[:simple:Frances Marion|Frances Marion]] # [[:simple:Jean Renoir|Jean Renoir]] # [[:simple:Leni Riefenstahl|Leni Riefenstahl]] # [[:simple:Martin Scorsese|Martin Scorsese]] # [[:simple:Steven Spielberg|Steven Spielberg]] === Inventors, scientists and mathematicians === # [[:simple:Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Musa al-Khwarizmi|Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Musa al-Khwarizmi]] # [[:simple:Archimedes|Archimedes]] # [[:simple:John Logie Baird|John Logie Baird]] # [[:simple:Alexander Graham Bell|Alexander Graham Bell]] # [[:simple:Carl Benz|Carl Benz]] # [[:simple:Tim Berners-Lee|Tim Berners-Lee]] # [[:simple:Niels Bohr|Niels Bohr]] # [[:simple:Tycho Brahe|Tycho Brahe]] # [[:simple:Rachel Carson|Rachel Carson]] # [[:simple:Nicolaus Copernicus|Nicolaus Copernicus]] # [[:simple:Marie Curie|Marie Curie]] ([[:simple:Maria Skłodowska-Curie|Maria Skłodowska-Curie]]) # [[:simple:Charles Darwin|Charles Darwin]] # [[:simple:Albert Einstein|Albert Einstein]] ([[List_of_articles_all_languages_should_have/Albert_Einstein|see current status]], [http://meta.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Template:AlbertEinstein&action=edit edit current status]) # [[:simple:Thomas Alva Edison|Thomas Alva Edison]] # [[:simple:Leonhard Euler|Leonhard Euler]] # [[:simple:Enrico Fermi|Enrico Fermi]] # [[:simple:Richard Feynman|Richard Feynman]] # [[:simple:Alexander Fleming|Alexander Fleming]] # [[:simple:Henry Ford|Henry Ford]] # [[:simple:Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier|Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier]] # [[:simple:Sigmund Freud|Sigmund Freud]] # [[:simple:Buckminster Fuller|Buckminster Fuller]] # [[:simple:Kazimierz Funk|Kazimierz Funk]] # [[:simple:Galileo Galilei|Galileo Galilei]] # [[:simple:Bill Gates|Bill Gates]] # [[:simple:Karl Friedrich Gauss|Karl Friedrich Gauss]] # [[:simple:Kurt Gödel|Kurt Gödel]] # [[:simple:Johann Gutenberg|Johann Gutenberg]] # [[:simple:David Hilbert|David Hilbert]] # [[:simple:Huygens|Huygens]] # [[:simple:Hypatia|Hypatia]] # [[:simple:Edward Jenner|Edward Jenner]] # [[:simple:Steve Jobs|Steve Jobs]] # [[:simple:Johannes Kepler|Johannes Kepler]] # [[:simple:John Maynard Keynes|John Maynard Keynes]] # [[:simple:Donald Knuth|Donald Knuth]] # [[:simple:Pierre-Simon Laplace|Pierre-Simon Laplace]] # [[:simple:Gottfried Leibniz|Gottfried Leibniz]] # [[:simple:Carolus Linnaeus|Carolus Linnaeus]] # [[:simple:Ignacy Łukasiewicz|Ignacy Łukasiewicz]] # [[:simple:James Clerk Maxwell|James Clerk Maxwell]] # [[:simple:Isaac Newton|Isaac Newton]] # [[:simple:Alfred Nobel|Alfred Nobel]] # [[:simple:Hans Christian Oersted|Hans Christian Oersted]] # [[:simple:Louis Pasteur|Louis Pasteur]] # [[:simple:Dennis Ritchie|Dennis Ritchie]] # [[:simple:Ole Christensen Roemer|Ole Christensen Roemer]] # [[:simple:Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen|Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen]] # [[:simple:Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann|Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann]] # [[:simple:Ernest Rutherford|Ernest Rutherford]] # [[:simple:Richard Stallman|Richard Stallman]] # [[:simple:Nikola Tesla|Nikola Tesla]] # [[:simple:Thales|Thales]] # [[:simple:Linus Torvalds|Linus Torvalds]] # [[:simple:Alan Turing|Alan Turing]] # [[:simple:Leonardo Da Vinci|Leonardo Da Vinci]] # [[:simple:Wright Brothers|The Wright Brothers]] === Social scientists (philosophers, economists, historians and thinkers) === # [[:simple:Thomas Aquinas|Thomas Aquinas]] # [[:simple:Aristotle|Aristotle]] # [[:simple:Augustinus|Augustinus]] # [[:simple:Averroes|Averroes]] # [[:simple:Matsuo Basho|Matsuo Basho]] # [[:simple:Simone de Beauvoir|Simone de Beauvoir]] # [[:simple:Confucius|Confucius]] # [[:simple:Rene Descartes|Rene Descartes]] # [[:simple:Ralph Waldo Emerson|Ralph Waldo Emerson]] # [[:simple:Edward Gibbon|Edward Gibbon]] # [[:simple:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe|Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] # [[:simple:Germaine Greer|Germaine Greer]] # [[:simple:Herodotus|Herodotus]] # [[:simple:Hippocrates|Hippocrates]] # [[:simple:Immanuel Kant|Immanuel Kant]] # [[:simple:Lao Tzu|Lao Tzu]] # [[:simple:Li Po|Li Po]] # [[:simple:Martin Luther|Martin Luther]] # [[:simple:Rosa Luxemburg|Rosa Luxemburg]] # [[:simple:Soeren Kierkegaard|Soeren Kierkegaard]] # [[:simple:Martin Luther King, Jr.|Martin Luther King, Jr.]] # [[:simple:Karl Marx|Karl Marx]] # [[:simple:Nagarjuna|Nagarjuna]] # [[:simple:Friedrich Nietzsche|Friedrich Nietzsche]] # [[:simple:Tom Paine|Tom Paine]] # [[:simple:Plato|Plato]] # [[:simple:Pythagoras|Pythagoras]] # [[:simple:Sima Qian|Sima Qian]] # [[:simple:Jean-Jacques Rousseau|Jean-Jacques Rousseau]] # [[:simple:Bertrand Russell|Bertrand Russell]] # [[:simple:Adam Smith|Adam Smith]] # [[:simple:Socrates|Socrates]] # [[:simple:Sun Tzu|Sun Tzu]] # [[:simple:Tu Fu|Tu Fu]] # [[:simple:Voltaire|Voltaire]] # [[:simple:Mary Wollstonecraft|Mary Wollstonecraft]] # [[:simple:Zeami|Zeami]] === Politicans, leaders and aristocrats === # [[:simple:Akbar the Great|Akbar the Great]] # [[:simple:Alexander the Great|Alexander the Great]] # [[:simple:Kofi Annan|Kofi Annan]] # [[:simple:Kemal Atatürk|Kemal Atatürk]] # [[:simple:Attila the Hun|Attila the Hun]] # [[:simple:Caesar Augustus|Caesar Augustus]] # [[:simple:Hastings Kamuzu Banda|Hastings Kamuzu Banda]] # [[:simple:Pope Benedict XVI|Pope Benedict XVI]] # [[:simple:Silvio Berlusconi|Silvio Berlusconi]] # [[:simple:Otto von Bismarck|Otto von Bismarck]] # [[:simple:Tony Blair|Tony Blair]] # [[:simple:Simón Bolívar|Simón Bolívar]] # [[:simple:Napoléon Bonaparte|Napoléon Bonaparte]] # [[:simple:Lucrezia Borgia|Lucrezia Borgia]] # [[:simple:Gro Harlem Brundtland|Gro Harlem Brundtland]] # [[:simple:George W. Bush|George W. Bush]] # [[:simple:Fidel Castro|Fidel Castro]] # [[:simple:Catherine the Great|Catherine the Great]], Empress of Russia # [[:simple:Charlemagne|Charlemagne]] # [[:simple:Cixi|Cixi]] (Tse Hsi, Tz'u-hsi) (The Dowager Empress of China, 1835 - 1908) # [[:simple:Jacques Chirac|Jacques Chirac]] # [[:simple:Winston Churchill|Winston Churchill]] # [[:simple:Cleopatra|Cleopatra]] # [[:simple:Princess Diana Spencer|Princess Diana Spencer]] # [[:simple:Indira Gandhi|Indira Gandhi]] # [[:simple:Constantine the Great|Constantine the Great]] # [[:simple:Queen Elizabeth I|Queen Elizabeth I]] (of England) # [[:simple:Queen Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] (of England) # [[:simple:Franz Ferdinand|Franz Ferdinand]] # [[:simple:Charles de Gaulle|Charles de Gaulle]] # [[:simple:Mikhail Gorbachev|Mikhail Gorbachev]] # [[:simple:Hammurabi|Hammurabi]] # [[:simple:Hannibal|Hannibal]] # [[:simple:Hirohito, Emperor of Japan|Hirohito, Emperor of Japan]] # [[:simple:Adolf Hitler|Adolf Hitler]] # [[:simple:Thomas Jefferson|Thomas Jefferson]] # [[:simple:Pope John Paul II|Pope John Paul II]] # [[:simple:Julius Caesar|Julius Caesar]] # [[:simple:Kaahumanu|Kaahumanu]] # [[:simple:Genghis Khan|Genghis Khan]] # [[:simple:Lenin|Vladimir Ilyich Lenin]] # [[:simple:Queen Liliuokalani|Queen Liliuokalani]] # [[:simple:Abraham Lincoln|Abraham Lincoln]] # [[:simple:Makeda|Makeda]], Queen of Sheba (Ethiopia) # [[:simple:Nelson Mandela|Nelson Mandela]] # [[:simple:Mao Tse-tung|Mao Tse-tung (Mao Zedong)]] # [[:simple:Maria Theresa of Austria|Maria Theresa of Austria]] (Holy Roman Empress) # [[:simple:Queen Mary I of Scotland|Queen Mary I of Scotland]] # [[:simple:Catherine de' Medici|Catherine de' Medici]] # [[:simple:Golda Meir|Golda Meir]] # [[:simple:Mahathir bin Mohamad|Mahathir bin Mohamad]] # [[:simple:Benito Mussolini|Benito Mussolini]] # [[:simple:Nefertiti|Nefertiti]] # [[:simple:Kwame Nkrumah|Kwame Nkrumah]] # [[:simple:Eva Perón|Eva Perón]] # [[:simple:Peter the Great (of Russia)|Peter the Great]] # [[:simple:Józef Piłsudski|Józef Piłsudski]] # [[:simple:Pol Pot|Pol Pot]] # [[:simple:Vladimir Putin|Vladimir Putin]] # [[:simple:Qin Shi Huang|Qin Shi Huang]] # [[:simple:Eleanor Roosevelt|Eleanor Roosevelt]] # [[:simple:Franklin Delano Roosevelt|Franklin Delano Roosevelt]] # [[:simple:Saladin|Saladin]] # [[:simple:Gerhard Schröder|Gerhard Schröder]] # [[:simple:Semiramis|Semiramis]], Queen of Assyria # [[:simple:Shaka Zulu|Shaka Zulu]] # [[:simple:Sitting Bull|Sitting Bull]] # [[:simple:Josef Stalin|Josef Stalin]] # [[:simple:Tamerlane|Tamerlane]] # [[:simple:Margaret Thatcher|Margaret Thatcher]] # [[:simple:Leo Trotsky|Leo Trotsky]] # [[:simple:Harry Truman|Harry Truman]] # [[:simple:Queen Victoria|Queen Victoria]] (of the United Kingdom) # [[:simple:Lech Wałęsa|Lech Wałęsa]] # [[:simple:George Washington|George Washington]] # [[:simple:Emperor Wilhelm II (Germany)|Emperor Wilhelm II]] # [[:simple:Lee Kuan Yew|Lee Kuan Yew]] === Revolutionaries and activists === # [[:simple:Joan of Arc|Joan of Arc]] # [[:simple:Mohandas Gandhi|Mohandas Gandhi]] # [[:simple:Emma Goldman|Emma Goldman]] # [[:simple:Che Guevara|Ernesto "Che" Guevara]] # [[:simple:Mary Harris|Mary Harris]] (Mother Jones) # [[:simple:Helen Keller|Helen Keller]] # [[:simple:Osama bin Laden|Osama bin Laden]] # [[:simple:Florence Nightingale|Florence Nightingale]] # [[:simple:Rosa Parks|Rosa Parks]] # [[:simple:Emilia Plater|Emilia Plater]] # [[:simple:Gavrilo Princip|Gavrilo Princip]] # [[:simple:Mother Teresa of Calcutta|Mother Teresa of Calcutta]] # [[:simple:Sojourner Truth|Sojourner Truth]] # [[:simple:Harriet Tubman|Harriet Tubman]] == History == At least five sentences on: === Prehistory and ancient world === # [[:simple:Ancient Egypt|Ancient Egypt]] # [[:simple:Archaeology|Archaeology]] # [[:simple:Bronze Age|Bronze Age]] # [[:simple:Byzantine Empire|Byzantine Empire]] # [[:simple:Classical Greece|Classical Greece]] # [[:simple:Dinosaur|Dinosaur]] # [[:simple:Human evolution|Human evolution]] # [[:simple:Inca|Inca]] ## and other Andes cultures # [[:simple:Iron Age|Iron Age]] # [[:simple:Macedonian Empire|Macedonian Empire]] # [[:simple:Mesoamerica|Mesoamerica]] # [[:simple:Prehistory|Prehistory]] # [[:simple:Roman Empire|Roman Empire]] # [[:simple:Seljuk Empire|Seljuk Empire]] # [[:simple:Stone Age|Stone Age]] # [[:simple:Sumer|Sumer]] === Middle Ages and Renaissance === # [[:simple:Age of Enlightenment|Age of Enlightenment]] # [[:simple:American War of Independece|American War of Independece]] # [[:simple:Black Death|Black Death]] # [[:simple:British Empire|British Empire]] # [[:simple:Colonization of North-east America|Colonization of North-east America]] # [[:simple:Colonization of South America|Colonization of South America]] # [[:simple:Counter-Reformation|Counter-Reformation]] # [[:simple:Crusades|Crusades]] # [[:simple:Discovery of the Americas|Discovery of the Americas]] # [[:simple:Dutch Revolt|Dutch Revolt]] # [[:simple:English Civil War|English Civil War]] # [[:simple:French Revolution|French Revolution]] # [[:simple:The Great Schism|The Great Schism]] # [[:simple:Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation|Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation]] # [[:simple:Middle Ages|Middle Ages]] # [[:simple:Napoleonic Wars|Napoleonic Wars]] # [[:simple:Ottoman Empire|Ottoman Empire]] # [[:simple:Partitions of Poland|Partitions of Poland]] # [[:simple:Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth|Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth]] # [[:simple:Reformation |Reformation ]] # [[:simple:Renaissance|Renaissance]] # [[:simple:Spanish Inquisition|Spanish Inquisition]] # [[:simple:Vikings|Vikings]] ===Industrial age=== # [[:simple:1973 oil crisis|1973 oil crisis]] # [[:simple:Afghan-Soviet War|Afghan-Soviet War]] # [[:simple:American Civil War|American Civil War]] # [[:simple:Apartheid|Apartheid]] # [[:simple:Cold War|Cold War]] # [[:simple:Decolonization|Decolonization]] # [[:simple:Establishment of the State of Israel|Establishment of the State of Israel]] # [[:simple:Industrial Revolution|Industrial Revolution]] # [[:simple:Franco-Prussian War|Franco-Prussian War]] # [[:simple:German unification|German unification]] # Gulf wars # [[:simple:Great Depression|Great Depression]] # [[:simple:The Holocaust|The Holocaust]] # [[:simple:Iranian Revolution|Iranian Revolution]] # [[:simple:Italian unification|Italian unification]] # [[:simple:Korean War|Korean War]] # [[:simple:Meiji Restoration|Meiji Restoration]] # [[:simple:Nazi Germany|Nazi Germany]] # Outer space exploration (Sputnik, Apollo programs, shuttles) # [[:simple:Perestroika and dissolution of the Soviet Union|Perestroika and dissolution of the Soviet Union]] # [[:simple:Polish-Soviet War|Polish-Soviet War]] # [[:simple:Reunification of Germany|Reunification of Germany]] # [[:simple:Russian Civil War|Russian Civil War]] # [[:simple:Russian February Revolution|Russian February Revolution]] # [[:simple:Bolshevik Revolution |Bolshevik Revolution ]] # [[:simple:Solidarity in Poland |Solidarity in Poland ]] # [[:simple:Spanish Civil War|Spanish Civil War]] # [[:simple:The Scramble for Africa|The Scramble for Africa]] # [[:simple:Treaty of Versailles|Treaty of Versailles]] # [[:simple:Vietnam War|Vietnam War]] # [[:simple:World War I|World War I]] # [[:simple:World War II|World War II]] # [[:simple:Han Dynasty|Han Dynasty]] # [[:simple:Tang Dynasty|Tang Dynasty]] # [[:simple:Sung Dynasty|Sung Dynasty]] # [[:simple:Yuan Dynasty|Yuan Dynasty]] # [[:simple:Qing Dynasty|Qing Dynasty]] # [[:simple:Ming Dynasty|Ming Dynasty]] == Geography == # Earth science # Capital # City # Continent # Desert # Ocean # Rain forest # [[:simple:River|River]] # Sea # North Pole # South Pole === Continents and major regions === At least three sentences on each of the continents # [[:simple:Africa|Africa]] # [[:simple:Antarctica|Antarctica]] # [[:simple:Asia|Asia]] # [[:simple:Europe|Europe]] # Latin America # Middle East # [[:simple:North America|North America]] # [[:simple:Oceania|Oceania]] # [[:simple:South America|South America]] === Countries === # One sentence and the table on all countries in this list (203 articles): [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries] === Major cities === Cities with historical, economical, political and/or religious importance and significance # [[:simple:Athens |Athens ]] # [[:simple:Bangkok|Bangkok]] # [[:simple:Barcelona|Barcelona]] # [[:simple:Beijing|Beijing]] # [[:simple:Belgrade|Belgrade]] # [[:simple:Berlin|Berlin]] # [[:simple:Bombay|Bombay]] # [[:simple:Brussels|Brussels]] # [[:simple:Cairo|Cairo]] # [[:simple:Copenhagen|Copenhagen]] # [[:simple:Edinburgh|Edinburgh]] # [[:simple:Frankfurt|Frankfurt]] # [[:simple:Hanoi|Hanoi]] # [[:simple:Hong Kong|Hong Kong]] # [[:simple:Istanbul|Istanbul]] # [[:simple:Jakarta|Jakarta]] # [[:simple:Jerusalem|Jerusalem]] # [[:simple:London|London]] # [[:simple:Manila|Manila]] # [[:simple:Madrid|Madrid]] # [[:simple:Mecca|Mecca]] # [[:simple:Mexico City|Mexico City]] # [[:simple:Moscow|Moscow]] # [[:simple:Munich|Munich]] (München) # [[:simple:Nairobi|Nairobi]] # [[:simple:New Delhi|New Delhi]] # [[:simple:New York|New York]] # [[:simple:Paris|Paris]] # [[:simple:Rio de Janeiro|Rio de Janeiro]] # [[:simple:Rome|Rome]] # [[:simple:Shanghai|Shanghai]] # [[:simple:Singapore|Singapore]] # [[:simple:St. Petersburg|St. Petersburg]] # [[:simple:Stockholm|Stockholm]] # [[:simple:Sydney|Sydney]] # [[:simple:Taipei|Taipei]] # [[:simple:Tokyo|Tokyo]] # [[:simple:Toronto|Toronto]] # [[:simple:Vienna|Vienna]] # [[:simple:Warsaw|Warsaw]] # [[:simple:Washington, D.C.|Washington, D.C.]] === Bodies of water === # Amazon River # Aral Sea # Arctic Ocean # [[:simple:Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] # Baltic Sea # Black Sea # Caspian Sea # Dead Sea # Great Barrier Reef # Great Lakes # [[:simple:Indian Ocean|Indian Ocean]] # Lake Baikal # Lake Tanganyika # Lake Titicaca # Lake Victoria # Mediterranean Sea # [[:simple:Mississippi River|Mississippi River]] # Niagara falls # Nile River # North Sea # [[:simple:Pacific Ocean|Pacific Ocean]] # Panama Canal # Suez Canal # [[:simple:Southern Ocean|Southern Ocean]] === Mountains, valleys and deserts === # Alps # Andes # Great Rift Valley # Himalayas # Kilimanjaro # Mount Everest # Rocky Mountains # [[:simple:Sahara Desert|Sahara Desert]] === Disasters === # [[:simple:Avalanche|Avalanche]] # [[:simple:Earthquake|Earthquake]] # [[:simple:Flood|Flood]] # [[:simple:Hurricane|Hurricane]] # [[:simple:Nuclear meltdown|Nuclear meltdown]] # [[:simple:Tsunami|Tsunami]] # [[:simple:Volcano|Volcano]] == Government and politics == # [[:simple:Anarchism|Anarchism]] # [[:simple:Anarchy|Anarchy]] # [[:simple:Capitalism|Capitalism]] # [[:simple:Communism|Communism]] # [[:simple:Democracy|Democracy]] # [[:simple:Dictatorship|Dictatorship]] # [[:simple:Fascism|Fascism]] # [[:simple:Globalisation|Globalisation]] # [[:simple:Imperialism|Imperialism]] # [[:simple:Liberalism|Liberalism]] # [[:simple:Monarchy|Monarchy]] # [[:simple:Nationalism|Nationalism]] # [[:simple:Racism|Racism]] # [[:simple:Republic|Republic]] # [[:simple:Socialism|Socialism]] # [[:simple:Separation of powers|Separation of powers]] ## [[:simple:Judiciary|Judiciary]] ## [[:simple:Legislature|Legislature]] ## [[:simple:Executive|Executive]] # [[:simple:Political party|Political party]] # [[:simple:Theocracy|Theocracy]] === Economics === # [[:simple:Economics|Economics]] # [[:simple:Money|Money]] # [[:simple:Supply and demand|Supply and demand]] # [[:simple:Market|Market]] # [[:simple:Capital|Capital]] # [[:simple:Microeconomics|Microeconomics]] # [[:simple:Macroeconomics|Macroeconomics]] ==== Currency ==== # [[:simple:American dollar|American dollar]] # [[:simple:British pound|British pound]] # [[:simple:Euro|Euro]] # [[:simple:Renminbi|Renminbi]] # [[:simple:Rupee|Rupee]] # [[:simple:Yen|Yen]] === Legal documents === # [[:simple:Communist Manifesto|Communist Manifesto]] # [[:simple:Constitution|Constitution]] # [[:simple:Law|Law]] # [[:simple:Magna Carta|Magna Carta]] # [[:simple:Leviathan|Leviathan]] # [[:simple:Republic|Republic]] === International organizations === # [[:simple:African Union|African Union]] # [[:simple:ASEAN|ASEAN]] # [[:simple:Arab League|Arab League]] # [[:simple:Antiglobalization|Antiglobalization]] # [[:simple:Commonwealth of Independent States|Commonwealth of Independent States]] # [[:simple:Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth of Nations]] # [[:simple:Council of Europe|Council of Europe]] ## [[:simple:European Court of Human Rights|European Court of Human Rights]] ## [[:simple:European Convention on Human Rights|European Convention on Human Rights]] # [[:simple:Diplomacy|Diplomacy]] # [[:simple:European Union|European Union]] # [[:simple:Freedom|Freedom]] # [[:simple:Geneva Conventions|Geneva Conventions]] ## [[:simple:Red Cross/Red Crescent/Red Crystal|Red Cross/Red Crescent/Red Crystal]] # [[:simple:Globalization|Globalization]] # [[:simple:Interpol|Interpol]] # [[:simple:NATO|NATO]] # [[:simple:Nobel Prize|Nobel Prize]] # [[:simple:OECD|OECD]] # [[:simple:OSCE|OSCE]] # [[:simple:Olympic Games, preferably with a mention of the Paralympics|Olympic Games, preferably with a mention of the Paralympics]] # [[:simple:OPEC|OPEC]] # [[:simple:Organization of American States|Organization of American States]] # [[:simple:United Nations|United Nations]] ## [[:simple:IAEA|IAEA]] ## [[:simple:IMF|IMF]] ## [[:simple:International Criminal Court|International Criminal Court]] ## [[:simple:International Court of Justice|International Court of Justice]] ## [[:simple:WHO|WHO]] ## [[:simple:WTO|WTO]] ## [[:simple:UNICEF|UNICEF]] ## [[:simple:UNESCO|UNESCO]] ## [[:simple:Universal Declaration of Human Rights|Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] ## [[:simple:World Bank|World Bank]] # [[:simple:World Peace|World Peace]] === Human issues === # [[:simple:Abortion|Abortion]] # [[:simple:Birth control|Birth control]] # [[:simple:Capital punishment|Capital punishment]] # [[:simple:Human rights|Human rights]] # [[:simple:Racism|Racism]] # [[:simple:Sexism|Sexism]] # [[:simple:Sexuality|Sexuality]] # [[:simple:Slavery|Slavery]] == Philosophy == # [[:simple:Philosophy|Philosophy]] # [[:simple:Eastern philosophy|Eastern philosophy]] # [[:simple:Western philosophy|Western philosophy]] # [[:simple:Scientific method|Scientific method]] # [[:simple:Beauty|Beauty]] # [[:simple:Ethics|Ethics]] # [[:simple:Existence|Existence]] # [[:simple:Experience|Experience]] # [[:simple:Feminism|Feminism]] # [[:simple:Humanism|Humanism]] # [[:simple:Knowledge|Knowledge]] # [[:simple:Moral (or Morality)|Moral (or Morality)]] # [[:simple:Logic|Logic]] # [[:simple:Truth|Truth]] == Religion and spirituality == # [[:simple:Religion|Religion]] At least a five-sentence introduction to the religions: # [[:simple:Astrology|Astrology]] # [[:simple:Baha'i |Baha'i ]] ## [[:simple:Báb|Báb]] ## [[:simple:Bahá'u'lláh|Bahá'u'lláh]] # [[:simple:Buddhism |Buddhism ]] ## [[:simple:Gautama Buddha|Gautama Buddha]] # [[:simple:Christianity |Christianity ]] ## [[:simple:Church|Church]] ## [[:simple:Jehovah|Jehovah]] ## [[:simple:Jehovah's Witnesses|Jehovah's Witnesses]] ## [[:simple:Jesus|Jesus]] ## [[:simple:Pope|Pope]] ## [[:simple:Protestantism|Protestantism]] ## [[:simple:Trinity|Trinity]] # [[:simple:Confucianism |Confucianism ]] # [[:simple:God|God]] ## [[:simple:Monotheism|Monotheism]] # [[:simple:Hinduism |Hinduism ]] ## [[:simple:Brahma|Brahma]] ## [[:simple:Vishnu|Vishnu]] ## [[:simple:Siva|Siva]] # [[:simple:Islam |Islam ]] ## [[:simple:Ali|Ali]] ## [[:simple:Mosque|Mosque]] ## [[:simple:Muhammad|Muhammad]] ## [[:simple:Omar|Omar]] ## [[:simple:Sufism|Sufism]] # [[:simple:Jainism |Jainism ]] # [[:simple:Judaism|Judaism]] ## [[:simple:Moses|Moses]] ## [[:simple:Torah|Torah]] ## [[:simple:Talmud|Talmud]] # [[:simple:Mythology|Mythology]] ## [[:simple:Greek mythology|Greek mythology]] # [[:simple:Shinto |Shinto ]] # [[:simple:Sikhism|Sikhism]] ## [[:simple:Nanak|Nanak]] # [[:simple:Spirits|Spirits]] # [[:simple:Taoism |Taoism ]] # [[:simple:Unitarianism|Unitarianism]] # [[:simple:Voodoo|Voodoo]] # [[:simple:Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrianism]] ## [[:simple:Zoroaster|Zoroaster]] ===Religious philosophies=== # [[:simple:Agnosticism|Agnosticism]] # [[:simple:Atheism|Atheism]] # [[:simple:Fundamentalism|Fundamentalism]] == Culture == At least three sentences on: # [[:simple:Art|Art]] ## [[:simple:Painting|Painting]] ## [[:simple:Sculpture|Sculpture]] # [[:simple:Culture|Culture]] # [[:simple:Dance|Dance]] # [[:simple:Radio|Radio]] # [[:simple:Television|Television]] # [[:simple:Theater|Theater]] ## [[:simple:Broadway|Broadway]] ## [[:simple:Noh|Noh]] # [[:simple:Tourism|Tourism]] === Architecture / civil engineering === # [[:simple:Architecture|Architecture]] # [[:simple:Arch|Arch]] # [[:simple:Bridge|Bridge]] # [[:simple:Canal |Canal ]] # [[:simple:Dam|Dam]] # [[:simple:Dome|Dome]] # [[:simple:Nail|Nail]] # [[:simple:Tower |Tower ]] ==== Historical / particular architectures ==== # [[:simple:Aswan Dam|Aswan Dam]] # [[:simple:Great Wall of China|Great Wall of China]] # [[:simple:Pyramids|Pyramids]] # [[:simple:Taj Mahal|Taj Mahal]] === Film === # [[:simple:Film|Film]] ## History/evolution ### [[:simple:Silent era|Silent era]] ### Transition to sound ### [[:simple:Studio era|Studio era]] (Including the different "type" of films from MGM, Warner Bros, Fox, Columbia, etc.) ### Modern era ===Literature=== # [[:simple:Literature|Literature]] ## [[:simple:Novel|Novel]] ### [[:simple:Don Quixote|Don Quixote]] ### [[:simple:Thousand and One Nights|Thousand and One Nights]] ## [[:simple:Poetry|Poetry]] ### [[:simple:Epic of Gilgamesh|Epic of Gilgamesh]] ### [[:simple:Iliad|Iliad]] ### [[:simple:Mahabharata|Mahabharata]] ### [[:simple:Odyssey|Odyssey]] # [[:simple:Books|Books]] ## [[:simple:The Bible|The Bible]] ## [[:simple:The Qur'an|The Qur'an]] ===Music=== # [[:simple:Music|Music]] ## [[:simple:CD|CD]] ## [[:simple:Classical music|Classical music]] ### [[:simple:Opera|Opera]] ### [[:simple:Symphony|Symphony]] ## [[:simple:Jazz|Jazz]] ## [[:simple:Pop music|Pop music]] ## [[:simple:Reggae|Reggae]] ## [[:simple:Soul and gospel|Soul and gospel]] ## [[:simple:Rock and roll|Rock and roll]] ### [[:simple:Heavy metal|Heavy metal]] ## [[:simple:Traditional|Traditional]] ### [[:simple:Gamelan|Gamelan]] ### [[:simple:Indian classical music|Indian classical music]] # [[:simple:Musical instruments|Musical instruments]] ## [[:simple:Drum|Drum]] ## [[:simple:Flute|Flute]] ## [[:simple:Guitar|Guitar]] ## [[:simple:Piano|Piano]] ## [[:simple:String instrument|String instrument]] ## [[:simple:Trumpet|Trumpet]] ## [[:simple:Violin|Violin]] == Science == At least a five-sentence introduction to the major fields: === Astronomy === # [[:simple:Astronomy|Astronomy]] # [[:simple:Asteroid|Asteroid]] # [[:simple:Big Bang|Big Bang]] # Black hole # [[:simple:Comet|Comet]] # [[:simple:Earth|Earth]] # [[:simple:Galaxy|Galaxy]] # [[:simple:Jupiter (planet)|Jupiter]] # [[:simple:Light year|Light year]] # [[:simple:Mars (planet)|Mars]] # [[:simple:Mercury (planet)|Mercury]] # [[:simple:Milky Way|Milky Way]] # [[:simple:Moon|Moon]] # [[:simple:Neptune (planet)|Neptune]] # [[:simple:Planet|Planet]] # [[:simple:Pluto (planet)|Pluto]] # [[:simple:Saturn (planet)|Saturn]] # [[:simple:Solar System|Solar System]] # [[:simple:Star|Star]] # [[:simple:Sun|Sun]] # [[:simple:Uranus (planet)|Uranus]] # [[:simple:Venus (planet)|Venus]] === Biology === # [[:simple:Biology|Biology]] ==== Biological materials ==== # [[:simple:DNA|DNA]] # [[:simple:Enzyme|Enzyme]] # [[:simple:Protein|Protein]] ==== Mammalian anatomy ==== # [[:simple:Digestive system|Digestive system]] ## [[:simple:Large intestine|Large intestine]] ## [[:simple:Small intestine|Small intestine]] ## [[:simple:Liver|Liver]] # [[:simple:Respiratory system|Respiratory system]] ## [[:simple:Lungs|Lungs]] # [[:simple:Skeletal system|Skeletal system]] # [[:simple:Nervous system|Nervous system]] ## [[:simple:Brain|Brain]] ## [[:simple:Sensory system|Sensory system]] ### [[:simple:Auditory system|Auditory system]] #### [[:simple:Ear|Ear]] ### [[:simple:Visual system|Visual system]] #### [[:simple:Eye|Eye]] ### [[:simple:Olfactory system|Olfactory system]] ### [[:simple:Gustatory system|Gustatory system]] ### [[:simple:Somatosensory system|Somatosensory system]] # [[:simple:Endocrine system|Endocrine system]] # [[:simple:Circulatory system|Circulatory system]] ## [[:simple:Blood|Blood]] ## [[:simple:Heart|Heart]] # [[:simple:Reproductive system|Reproductive system]] ## [[:simple:Penis|Penis]] ## [[:simple:Vagina|Vagina]] # [[:simple:Integumentary system|Integumentary system]] ## [[:simple:Skin|Skin]] # [[:simple:Breast|Breast]] ==== Biological processes ==== # [[:simple:Digestion|Digestion]] # [[:simple:Evolution |Evolution ]] # [[:simple:Excretion|Excretion]] # [[:simple:Photosynthesis|Photosynthesis]] # [[:simple:Pregnancy|Pregnancy]] # [[:simple:Reproduction|Reproduction]] # [[:simple:Respiration|Respiration]] ==== Organisms ==== # [[:simple:Animal|Animal]] ## Chordate ### [[:simple:Amphibian|Amphibian]] #### [[:simple:Frog|Frog]] ### [[:simple:Bird|Bird]] #### [[:simple:Dove|Dove]] #### [[:simple:Eagle|Eagle]] ### [[:simple:Fish|Fish]] #### [[:simple:Shark|Shark]] ### [[:simple:Mammal|Mammal]] #### [[:simple:Bat|Bat]] #### [[:simple:Bear|Bear]] #### [[:simple:Camel|Camel]] #### [[:simple:Cat|Cat]] #### [[:simple:Cattle|Cattle]] #### [[:simple:Dog|Dog]] #### [[:simple:Dolphin|Dolphin]] #### [[:simple:Elephant|Elephant]] #### [[:simple:Horse|Horse]] #### [[:simple:Sheep|Sheep]] #### [[:simple:Lion|Lion]] #### [[:simple:Mammoth|Mammoth]] #### [[:simple:Monkey|Monkey]] #### [[:simple:Pig|Pig]] #### [[:simple:Whale|Whale]] ### [[:simple:Reptile|Reptile]] #### [[:simple:Snake|Snake]] ## [[:simple:Insect|Insect]] ### [[:simple:Ant|Ant]] ### [[:simple:Bee|Bee]] ### [[:simple:Butterfly|Butterfly]] ## [[:simple:Arachnid|Arachnid]] # [[:simple:Archea|Archea]] # [[:simple:Bacterium|Bacterium]] # [[:simple:Fungus|Fungus]] # [[:simple:Plant|Plant]] ## [[:simple:Flower|Flower]] ## [[:simple:Palm|Palm]] ## [[:simple:Tree|Tree]] # Protist # [[:simple:Cell|Cell]] === Chemistry === # [[:simple:Chemistry|Chemistry]] # [[:simple:Element|Element]] # [[:simple:List of elements|List of elements]] # [[:simple:Biochemistry|Biochemistry]] # [[:simple:Organic chemistry|Organic chemistry]] # [[:simple:Periodic table|Periodic table]] # [[:simple:Aluminium|Aluminium]] # [[:simple:Carbon|Carbon]] # [[:simple:Copper|Copper]] # [[:simple:Gold|Gold]] # [[:simple:Iron|Iron]] # [[:simple:Helium|Helium]] # [[:simple:Hydrogen|Hydrogen]] # [[:simple:Lithium|Lithium]] # [[:simple:Neon|Neon]] # [[:simple:Nitrogen|Nitrogen]] # [[:simple:Oxygen|Oxygen]] # [[:simple:Silver|Silver]] # [[:simple:Zinc|Zinc]] === Ecology === # [[:simple:Ecology|Ecology]] # Species ## Endangered species === Geology === # [[:simple:Basalt|Basalt]] # [[:simple:Flint|Flint]] # [[:simple:Limestone|Limestone]] # Earth (Geology) === Medicine === # [[:simple:Medicine|Medicine]] # [[:simple:AIDS|AIDS]] # [[:simple:Alcoholism|Alcoholism]] # [[:simple:Cancer|Cancer]] # [[:simple:Cirrhosis of the liver|Cirrhosis of the liver]] # [[:simple:Cholera|Cholera]] # [[:simple:Dentistry|Dentistry]] # [[:simple:Diabetes mellitus|Diabetes mellitus]] # [[:simple:Dysentery|Dysentery]] # [[:simple:Heart disease|Heart disease]] # [[:simple:Hypertension|Hypertension]] # [[:simple:Influenza|Influenza]] # [[:simple:Lung cancer|Lung cancer]] # [[:simple:Malaria|Malaria]] # [[:simple:Malnutrtion|Malnutrtion]] # [[:simple:Obesity|Obesity]] # [[:simple:Sexually transmitted disease|Sexually transmitted disease]] # [[:simple:Smallpox|Smallpox]] # [[:simple:Stroke|Stroke]] # [[:simple:Syphilis|Syphilis]] # [[:simple:Tuberculosis|Tuberculosis]] # [[:simple:Virus|Virus]] # [[:simple:Blindness|Blindness]] # [[:simple:Mental Illness|Mental Illness]] # [[:simple:Deafness|Deafness]] === Weather === # [[:simple:Cloud|Cloud]] # [[:simple:El Niño|El Niño]] # [[:simple:Global Warming|Global Warming]] # [[:simple:Tornado|Tornado]] # [[:simple:Tropical cyclone|Tropical cyclone]] # [[:simple:Rain|Rain]] # [[:simple:Snow|Snow]] === Physics === # [[:simple:Physics|Physics]] # [[:simple:Atom|Atom]] ## [[:simple:Electron|Electron]] ## [[:simple:Neutron|Neutron]] ## [[:simple:Proton|Proton]] # [[:simple:Energy|Energy]] ## [[:simple:Electromagnetic radiation|Electromagnetic radiation]] ### [[:simple:Radio|Radio]] ### IR ### Visible #### [[:simple:Spectrum|Spectrum]] #### [[:simple:Black|Black]] #### [[:simple:White|White]] #### [[:simple:Red|Red]] #### [[:simple:Yellow|Yellow]] #### [[:simple:Green|Green]] #### [[:simple:Blue|Blue]] ### UV ### [[:simple:Gamma|Gamma]] # [[:simple:Isotope|Isotope]] # [[:simple:Molecule|Molecule]] # [[:simple:Light|Light]] #Forces ## [[:simple:Gravitation|Gravitation]] ## [[:simple:Electromagnetism|Electromagnetism]] ## [[:simple:Weak nuclear force|Weak nuclear force]] ## [[:simple:Strong nuclear force|Strong nuclear force]] # Acceleration # Force # [[:simple:Mass|Mass]] # [[:simple:Speed|Speed]] # [[:simple:Time|Time]] # [[:simple:Velocity|Velocity]] # [[:simple:Weight|Weight]] # [[:simple:Quantum mechanics|Quantum mechanics]] # [[:simple:Theory of relativity|Theory of relativity]] === Human sciences === # [[:simple:Anthropology|Anthropology]] # [[:simple:Education|Education]] # [[:simple:Pedagogy|Pedagogy]] # [[:simple:Psychology|Psychology]] # [[:simple:Sociology|Sociology]] === Non-energy-related Resources === # [[:simple:Minerals|Minerals]] ## [[:simple:Iron|Iron]] ## [[:simple:Aluminum|Aluminum]] ## [[:simple:Tin|Tin]] ## [[:simple:Gold|Gold]] ## [[:simple:Silver|Silver]] ## [[:simple:Bronze|Bronze]] # [[:simple:Diamond|Diamond]] # [[:simple:Salt|Salt]] === SI units and others === # [[:simple:SI Unit System|SI Unit System]] # [[:simple:Metre|Metre]] # [[:simple:Litre|Litre]] # [[:simple:Kilogram|Kilogram]] # [[:simple:Volt|Volt]] # [[:simple:Watt|Watt]] # [[:simple:Newton|Newton]] === Calendars and timekeeping=== # [[:simple:Calendar|Calendar]] # [[:simple:Day|Day]] ## [[:simple:Gregorian calendar|Gregorian calendar]] ### Day-of-week algorithm ### Calculation of date of Easter ### [[:simple:Leap year|Leap year]] # [[:simple:Month|Month]] # [[:simple:Time zone|Time zone]] ## [[:simple:Daylight Savings Time|Daylight Savings Time]] # [[:simple:Year|Year]] # (article about each of the months of the year) # [[:simple:Chinese calendar|Chinese calendar]] == Technology == === Computers === # [[:simple:Computer|Computer]] ## [[:simple:Processor|Processor]] ## [[:simple:RAM|RAM]] ## [[:simple:Motherboard|Motherboard]] ## [[:simple:Hard disk|Hard disk]] ## [[:simple:Boot loader|Boot loader]] # [[:simple:Artificial Intelligence|Artificial Intelligence]] # [[:simple:Computer science|Computer science]] ## [[:simple:Algorithm|Algorithm]] # [[:simple:Operating system|Operating system]] ## [[:simple:Microsoft Windows|Microsoft Windows]] ## [[:simple:Mac OS|Mac OS]] ## [[:simple:GNU and Linux|GNU and Linux]] ## [[:simple:Unix|Unix]] # [[:simple:Programming language|Programming language]] ## [[:simple:C|C]] ## [[:simple:C plus plus|C++]] ## [[:simple:Java|Java]] ## [[:simple:Pascal|Pascal]] ## [[:simple:PHP|PHP]] # [[:simple:Software|Software]] # [[:simple:User interface|User interface]] ## [[:simple:Mouse|Mouse]] ## [[:simple:Keyboard|Keyboard]] ## [[:simple:Monitor|Monitor]] === Common technology === # [[:simple:Coinage|Coinage]] # [[:simple:Engineering|Engineering]] # [[:simple:Inclined plane|Inclined plane]] # [[:simple:Lever|Lever]] # [[:simple:Metallurgy|Metallurgy]] # [[:simple:Pulley|Pulley]] # [[:simple:Screw|Screw]] # [[:simple:Wedge|Wedge]] # [[:simple:Wheel|Wheel]] === Communication === # [[:simple:Letters / Alphabet|Letters / Alphabet]] ## [[:simple:Chinese character|Chinese character]] ## [[:simple:Cyrillic alphabet|Cyrillic alphabet]] ## [[:simple:Greek alphabet|Greek alphabet]] ## [[:simple:Latin alphabet|Latin alphabet]] ## [[:simple:Literacy|Literacy]] # [[:simple:Information|Information]] # [[:simple:Internet|Internet]] ## [[:simple:E-mail|E-mail]] ## [[:simple:Internet protocol|Internet protocol]] ## [[:simple:TCP|TCP]] ## [[:simple:World Wide Web|World Wide Web]] ### [[:simple:Web browser|Web browser]] ## [[:simple:HTTP|HTTP]] ## [[:simple:HTML|HTML]] ## [[:simple:Wiki|Wiki]] # [[:simple:Journalism|Journalism]] ## [[:simple:Newspaper|Newspaper]] ## [[:simple:Mass media|Mass media]] ## [[:simple:Radio|Radio]] # [[:simple:Printing|Printing]] # [[:simple:Railroad|Railroad]] # [[:simple:Telegraph|Telegraph]] # [[:simple:Telephone|Telephone]] ## [[:simple:Mobile telephone|Mobile telephone]] # [[:simple:Television|Television]] # [[:simple:Writing|Writing]] === Electronics === # [[:simple:Electronics|Electronics]] ## [[:simple:Voltage|Voltage]] ## [[:simple:Current|Current]] ## [[:simple:Charge|Charge]] ## [[:simple:Frequency|Frequency]] ## [[:simple:Phase|Phase]] ## [[:simple:Resistance|Resistance]] ## [[:simple:Reactance|Reactance]] ## [[:simple:Inductance|Inductance]] ## [[:simple:Capacitance|Capacitance]] ## [[:simple:Gain|Gain]] # [[:simple:Components|Components]] ## [[:simple:Transistor|Transistor]] ## [[:simple:Diode|Diode]] ## [[:simple:Resistor|Resistor]] ## [[:simple:Capacitor|Capacitor]] ## [[:simple:Transformer|Transformer]] ## [[:simple:Inductor|Inductor]] === Food production === # Grain grinding # Irrigation # Knife # Plough # Pottery === Harnessing energy === # [[:simple:Combustion engine|Combustion engine]] # [[:simple:Electricity|Electricity]] ## [[:simple:Nuclear|Nuclear]] # [[:simple:Fossil fuels|Fossil fuels]] ## [[:simple:Coal|Coal]] ## [[:simple:Gas|Gas]] ## [[:simple:Oil|Oil]] # [[:simple:Fire|Fire]] # [[:simple:Renewable energy sources|Renewable energy sources]] ## [[:simple:Solar|Solar]] ## [[:simple:Hydro|Hydro]] ## [[:simple:Wind|Wind]] ## [[:simple:Waves|Waves]] ## [[:simple:Wood|Wood]] # [[:simple:Steam engine|Steam engine]] === Materials === # [[:simple:Glass|Glass]] # [[:simple:Paper|Paper]] # [[:simple:Plastic|Plastic]] === Transportation === # [[:simple:Transportation|Transportation]] ## [[:simple:Airplane|Airplane]] ## [[:simple:Car|Car]] ## [[:simple:Bicycle|Bicycle]] ## [[:simple:Boat|Boat]] ## [[:simple:Ship|Ship]] ## [[:simple:Train|Train]] === Weapons === # [[:simple:Axe|Axe]] # [[:simple:Explosives|Explosives]] # [[:simple:Firearms|Firearms]] # [[:simple:Gunpowder|Gunpowder]] # [[:simple:Machine gun|Machine gun]] # [[:simple:Martial arts|Martial arts]] # [[:simple:Nuclear weapons|Nuclear weapons]] # [[:simple:Sword|Sword]] # [[:simple:Tank|Tank]] == Industry == # Manufacturing # Mining # Refining == Foodstuffs == # Barley # [[:simple:Bread|Bread]] # [[:simple:Cheese|Cheese]] # Chocolate # Cotton # Honey # [[:simple:Fruit|Fruit]] ## [[:simple:Apple|Apple]] ## [[:simple:Banana|Banana]] ## Grape ## [[:simple:Lemon|Lemon]] ## [[:simple:Orange|Orange]] # Maize # Oats # [[:simple:Potato|Potato]] # Rice # Sorghum # Soya bean # Sugar # Tobacco # Vegetable # Wheat === Beverages === # [[:simple:Alcohol|Alcohol]] ## [[:simple:Beer|Beer]] ## [[:simple:Wine|Wine]] # Cola # Coffee # Tea # [[:simple:Water|Water]] # [[:simple:Milk|Milk]] == Language == # [[:simple:Language|Language]] # Dialect # [[:simple:Grammar|Grammar]] # [[:simple:Linguistics|Linguistics]] # [[:simple:Pronunciation|Pronunciation]] # [[:simple:Syntax|Syntax]] # [[:simple:Word|Word]] # (article about the language specific to that Wikipedia) # [[:simple:Arabic|Arabic]] # [[:simple:Bengali|Bengali]] # [[:simple:English|English]] # [[:simple:Esperanto|Esperanto]] # [[:simple:French|French]] # [[:simple:German|German]] # [[:simple:Greek|Greek]] # [[:simple:Hebrew|Hebrew]] # [[:simple:Hindi|Hindi]] # [[:simple:Japanese language|Japanese]] # [[:simple:Latin|Latin]] # [[:simple:Russian|Russian]] # [[:simple:Sanskrit|Sanskrit]] # [[:simple:Spanish|Spanish]] # Mandarin Chinese (Putonghua)  # Tamil # Turkish  == Mathematics == # [[:simple:Mathematics|Mathematics]] # [[:simple:Algebra|Algebra]] # [[:simple:Axiom|Axiom]] # [[:simple:Calculus|Calculus]] ## [[:simple:Integration|Integration]] ## [[:simple:Differentiation|Differentiation]] # [[:simple:Geometry|Geometry]] ## [[:simple:Circle|Circle]] ### [[:simple:Pi|Pi]] ## [[:simple:Square|Square]] ## [[:simple:Triangle|Triangle]] # Group theory # Mathematical logic # Mathematical proof ## Proof by deduction ## Proof by induction ## Proof by contradiction # [[:simple:Number|Number]] ## Complex number ## [[:simple:Integer|Integer]] ## Natural number ## [[:simple:Prime number|Prime number]] ## Rational number # [[:simple:Infinity|Infinity]] # Set theory # [[:simple:Statistics|Statistics]] # [[:simple:Trigonometry|Trigonometry]] == Military == # Army ## Artillery ##Cavalry ## Infantry # Navy # Airforce == Sports and games == # [[:simple:Sports|Sports]] ## [[:simple:Olympics|Olympics]] ## [[:simple:Football World Cup|Football World Cup]] ## [[:simple:Athletics|Athletics]] ## [[:simple:Badminton|Badminton]] ## [[:simple:Baseball|Baseball]] ## [[:simple:Basketball|Basketball]] ## [[:simple:Cricket|Cricket]] ## [[:simple:Fencing|Fencing]] ## [[:simple:Ice hockey|Ice hockey]] ## [[:simple:Judo|Judo]] ## [[:simple:Motor racing|Motor racing]] ## [[:simple:Rugby|Rugby]] ## [[:simple:Soccer|Soccer]] ## [[:simple:Tennis|Tennis]] ## [[:simple:Volleyball|Volleyball]] ## [[:simple:Waterpolo|Waterpolo]] ## [[:simple:Wrestling|Wrestling]] # [[:simple:Games|Games]] ## [[:simple:Backgammon|Backgammon]] ## [[:simple:Checkers|Checkers]] ## [[:simple:Chess|Chess]] ## [[:simple:Go|Go]] ## [[:simple:Mancala|Mancala]] # [[:simple:Gambling|Gambling]] :''If you support this effort, please add to the list. We can then decide what the basic sentences can be for each article.'' [[Category:Proposals]] [[Category:Multilingualism]] [[ast:Wikipedia:Llista d'artículos que toa Wikipedia tien que tener]] [[bs:Wikipedia:1000 članaka]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:Llistat d'articles que totes les llengües haurien de tenir]] [[cs:Wikipedie:1000 nejdůležitějších článků]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Rhestr erthyglau sy'n angenrheidiol yn holl ieithoedd]] [[da:Wikipedia:Liste over artikler vi bør have]] [[de:Wikipedia:Artikel, die es in allen Wikipedias geben sollte]] [[el:Βικιπαίδεια:Κατάλογος άρθρων που όλες οι γλώσσες πρέπει να έχουν]] [[en:Wikipedia:List of articles all languages should have]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Listo de havendaj artikoloj]] [[es:Wikipedia:Lista de artículos que toda Wikipedia debería tener]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Luettelo keskeisistä tietosanakirja-artikkeleista]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Liste d'articles que toutes les encyclopédies devraient avoir]] [[fur:Wikipedia:Liste dai articui che dutis lis vichipedîs a varessin di vê]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Liosta de ábhair is gá ag gach uilig Vicipéid]] [[gl:Wikipedia:Lista de artigos que toda Wikipedia debera ter]] [[gu:વિકિપીડિયા:દરેક ભાષાના વિકિપીડિયામાં હોય એવા પ્રારંભિક લેખોની યાદી]] [[hi:विकिपीडिया:कुछ प्रारंभिक लेख जो कि हर भाषा के विकिपीडिया में होने चाहिए]] [[hu:Wikipédia:Ezer fontos cikk]] [[hy:Wikipedia:1000 հոդվածներ, որոնք կարևոր են բոլոր լեզուներով հանրագիտարանների համար]] [[id:Wikipedia:Artikel yang perlu dimiliki Wikipedia seluruh bahasa]] [[it:Wikipedia:Lista degli articoli che tutte le Wikipedie devono avere]] [[ja:Wikipedia:すべての言語版にあるべき項目の一覧]] [[ku:Wîkîpediya:Gotar ku ji bo hemû Wîkîpediyayan pêwîst in]] [[la:Vicipaedia:Articuli quos omnes Vicipaediae habeant]] [[li:Wikipedia:Lies van artikele die elke Wikipedia moot höbbe]] [[lt:Wikipedia:Sąrašas straipsnių, būtinų visomis kalbomis]] [[lv:Wikipedia:Raksti, kuriem vajadzētu būt visu valodu Vikipēdijās]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Senarai artikel semua bahasa perlu ada]] [[nb:Wikipedia:Liste over artikler vi bør ha]] [[nl:Wikipedia:Artikelen die elke Wikipedia zou moeten hebben]] [[nn:Wikipedia:Liste over artiklar vi bør ha]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Strony, które powinna mieć każda Wikipedia]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Lista dos 1000 artigos essenciais]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Listă de articole pe care ar trebui să le aibă fiecare Wikipedie]] [[ru:Википедия:Список статей, которые должны быть во всех языковых версиях]] [[scn:Wikipedia:Articuli nicissari]] [[simple:Wikipedia:List of articles all languages should have]] [[sk:Wikipedia:1000 najdôležitejších článkov]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Članki, ki bi jih morala imeti vsaka Wikipedija]] [[sr:Википедија:Списак чланака које српска Википедија треба да има]] [[uk:Wikipedia:Статті які повинні бути у всіх вікіпедіях]] [[th:วิกิพีเดีย:รายชื่อบทความที่ควรมี]] [[tr:Vikipedi:Her vikipedide olması gereken makaleler]] [[zh:Wikipedia:所有維基都應該有的條目]] Sri Lanka 1681 4776 2005-12-26T17:10:18Z Natkeeran 49 to generate stats {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big>''ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්ත්‍රික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය Sri Lankā Prajathanthrika Samajavadi Janarajaya இலங்கை சனநாயக சோஷலிசக் குடியரசு Illankai Chananaayaka Chosalisa Kudiyarasu Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka''</big> |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" | align="center" width="130px" | [[Image:flag of Sri Lanka.svg|125px|Flag of Sri Lanka]] | align="center" width="130px" height="150px" | [[Image:Sri lanka coa.png|Sri Lanka Coat of Arms]] |- | align="center" width="130px" | ([[Flag of Sri Lanka|Flag]]) | align="center" width="130px" | ([[Coat of Arms of Sri Lanka|Coat of Arms]]) |} |- | align=center style="vertical-align: top;" colspan=2 | ''[[List of state mottos|National motto]]: None'' |- | align=center colspan=2 style="background: #ffffff;" | [[image:LocationSriLanka.png]] |- | ''[[Official language]]s'' | [[Sinhala language|Sinhala]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]] |- | ''Other [[language]]s'' | [[English language|English]] |- | ''[[Capital city|Capitals]]'' | [[Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte]] |- | ''[[Largest city]]'' | [[Colombo]] (former capital) |- | ''[[President of Sri Lanka|President]]'' | [[Mahinda Rajapakse]] |- | ''[[Prime Minister of Sri Lanka|Prime Minister]]'' | [[Ratnasiri Wickremanayake]] |- | ''[[List of countries by system of government|Government]]'' | [[Democracy|Democratic]] [[Socialist]] [[Republic]] |- | ''[[Constitution of Sri Lanka|Constitution]]'' | [[Constitution of Sri Lanka|Second Republic]] [[1978]] |- | ''[[Area]]''  - Total  - % water | [[List of countries by area|Ranked 119th]] [[1 E10 m²|65,610 km²]] 1.3% |- | ''[[Population]]''  - Total ([[2004]])  - [[Population density|Density]] | [[List of countries by population|Ranked 53rd]] 20,064,776 298/km² |- | ''[[GDP]]''  - Total ([[2003]])  - Per capita | Rs. 1,748,774 USD. 4,000; |- |''[[Human Development Index|HDI]]'' ([[2003]]) || 0.751 ([[List of countries by Human Development Index|93rd]]) – medium |- |''[[Independence]]'' | [[February 04]], [[1948]] |- | ''[[Currency]]'' | Sri Lankan [[Rupee]] |- | ''[[Time zone]]'' | [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] +6 |- | ''[[National anthem]]'' | ''[[Sri Lanka Matha]]'' |- | ''[[Top-level domain|Internet TLD]]'' | [[.lk]] |- | ''[[List of country calling codes|Calling Code]]'' | 94 |- |} Sri Lanka is a [[tropical]] [[island nation]] in the [[Indian Ocean]] off the [[southeastern]] [[coast]] of [[India]]. ==Name== In [[1972]], the official [[name]] of the [[nation]] that [[government|governs]] the [[island]] [[Geographical renaming|was changed to]] the ''[[Democratic]] [[Socialist]] [[Republic]] of Sri Lanka'' (ශ්‍රී ලංකා in [[Sinhala language|Sinhala]] / இலங்கை in [[Tamil language|Tamil]]). Prior to [[1972]], Sri Lanka [[Geographical renaming|was known by]] a variety of [[names]]. Sri Lanka ("resplendant land" in [[Sanskrit]]) itself represents the modern [[adoption]] of a [[name]] of [[etymology|ancient lineage]]. It derives from the ''[[Ramayana]]'', in which the [[island]] was simply called [[Lanka]]. It was also known as ''Lankadeepa'', appending the word for ''island''. The appellation ''Lanka'' was unknown to the [[Ancient Greece|Greeks]], from whom most [[Western civilization|Western]] [[names]] would be derived. The [[2nd century|second-century]] [[Greek]] [[geographer]] [[Ptolemy]] called the [[island]] ''Simundu'' or ''Simoundou'' (pronounced ''Silundu'') and ''Palai-Simundu'' ("Old Simundu"). The [[4th century|forth-century]] [[Roman Empire|Roman]] [[historian]] [[Ammianus Marcellinus]] called the inhabitants of the [[island]] ''Serandives''. The [[10th century|tenth-century]] [[historian]] [[Abu Rihan Muhammad bin Ahmad]], or [[Alberuni]], called the [[island]] ''Singal-Dip''. However, in [[Arabic language|Arabic]], the [[island]] ultimately came to be known as ''Serendib'' or ''Sarandib'', which led to the [[Persian language|Persian]] ''Serendip'' (as used in the [[Persia|Persian]] [[fairy tale]] ''[[The Three Princes of Serendip]]'', whose [[heroes]] were always making [[discoveres]] of things they were not seeking, from which [[Horace Walpole]] in [[1754]] would ultimately [[neologism|coin]] the [[English language|English]] [[word]] [[serendipity]]). There is at least one alternative argument to the origin of ''Palai-Simundu'', holding that, rather than coming from the [[Sanskrit]] ''sinhala'', it derives instead from the [[Sanskrit]] ''pali-simanta'' ("[[head]] of the sacred [[law]]") as Sri Lanka had become an important center of [[Buddhism]]. The [[6th century|sixth-century]] [[Byzantine Empire|Greek]] [[sailor]] [[Cosmas Indicopleustes]] ("[[Cosmas Indicopleustes|Cosmas India-Voyager]]") called the [[island]] ''Sielen Diva'' ("[[island]] of Sielen"). From this derived many of the other [[Europe|European]] forms: the [[Latin language|Latin]] ''Selan'', [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] ''Ceilão'', [[Spanish language|Spanish]] ''Celián'', [[French language|French]] ''Selon'', [[Dutch language|Dutch]] ''Zeilan'', ''Ceilan'' and ''Seylon'', and [[English language|English]] ''Ceylon''. A similar [[Arabic language|Arabic]] form of more recent vintage than ''Sarandib'', ''Sailan'', later came to be via predecessor words in [[Arabic language|Arabic]] ''Tilaan'' and ''Cylone''. Ceylon and its [[translation|equivalents in other languages]] are still occasionally used today. In addition to calling it ''Simundu'', [[Ptolemy]] also called the inhabitants ''Salai'' and the [[island]] ''Salike'' ("country of the ''Salai''"). There are various [[theories]] as to the origin of this. One that many [[scholars]] hold is that it was merely a corruption, probably by the [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] [[sailors]] who traveled to Sri Lanka, of ''Simhalaka''. There are some alternative arguments as to the origin of ''Salike''. Some argue that another [[Indo-Aryan languageslanguages|Indian]] [[name]] for the [[island]] - ''Salabha'' ("rich island'') is its source. Others argue that it came via the [[Egyptian language|Egyptian]] ''Siela Keh'' ("land of Siela"), even more similar to [[Cosmas Indicopleustes|Cosmas]]' ''Siele'' and still of the same ultimate origin. Both [[Ptolemy]]'s ''Salai'' and [[Cosmas Indicopleustes|Cosmas]]' ''Siele'' (''Diva'' being merely a form of ''dwîpa'' ("island")), as well as the [[Arabic language|Arabic]] forms, have a common source in the [[Indo-Aryan languages|Pâli]] ''sihalam'' (pronounced ''Silam''), the [[Indo-Aryan languages|Pâli]] form of the [[Sanskrit]] ''sinhala'' ("dwelling place of lion"), with ''sinha'' ("lion") as its root. As there are no [[lions]] on Sri Lanka, ''sinhala'' must be taken to mean a [[lion]]-like [[man]] - a [[hero]] - presumably [[Vijaya]]. This origin is shared with many other names, such as ''Serendiva'', ''Serendivus'', ''Sirlediba'', ''Sihala'', ''Sinhale'', ''Seylan'', ''Sinhaladveepa'', ''Sinhaladweepa'', ''Sinhaladvipa'', ''Sinhaladwipa'',''Simhaladveepa'', ''Simhaladweepa'', ''Simhaladvipa'', ''Simhaladwipa'', ''Sinhaladipa'', ''Simhaladeepa'', etc. Many of these names appear to reflect nothing more than the numerous [[orthographic]] variations in the way these names have been [[transliterated]] into [[Western civilization|Western]] [[languages]], including changing the n to m, changing the a at the end of Sinhala to an e, writing the vowel in the penultimate [[syllable]] as an i or an ee, changing the v to a w or omitting them completely. The names ''Heladiva'' and ''Heladveepa'' have two possible origins, a point of hot debate between certain Sri Lankans. Some argue that is nothing more than an additional type of [[name]] as described in the above [[paragraph]], simply having been shortened by dropping the ''Sin'' or ''Sim''. Others argue that the [[Hela]] were a separate people living on Sri Lanka before the arrival of the [[Ancient India|Indian]] [[invaders]], the [[Singhalese]]. Those who make this distinguishment are more likely to use these [[names]] to describe Sri Lanka. ''Sivuhelaya'' may also be a [[name]] of similar origin, although it is very obscure. Other names have also been used in the [[Western Civilization|West]] to describe the [[island]]. The [[India|Indian]] conqueror [[Vijaya]] [[named]] the [[island]] ''Tâmraparnî'' (''copper-colored leaf"), a name which was adopted into [[Pâli]] as ''Tambaparni''. The accounts of [[Alexander the Great]]'s [[Officer (armed forces)|officers]] and others like [[4th century|forth-century BCE]] [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] [[geographer]] [[Megasthenes]], based on information they obtained from [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] and Sri Lankan travellers, called the [[island]] ''Taprobanê'', generally regarded as a [[transliteration]] of ''Tâmraparnî''. Later, the [[17th century|seventeenth-century]] [[England|English]] [[poet]] [[John Milton]] borrowed this for his [[epic poem|epic]] [[English language|English-language] [[epic poem|poem]] ''[[Paradise Lost]]''. An alternative [[etymology]] for the [[Ancient Greek language|Greek]] ''Taprobanê'' is from the [[Sanskrit]] ''Tambrapani'' ("great pond" or "pond covered with red lotus"), most likely in association with the great tanks for which Sri Lanka famed. A third is that it derived its name a river; the name of the [[river]] is Tāmaraparnī or Tamiravarani or Taamravarni, which is [[North]] of Sri Lanka and is a [[compound word|combination]] of the [[Sanskrit]] ''taamra'' ("coppery") and ''varna'' ("color"). From [[Ptolemy]] we also learn that ''Taprobanê'' was anciently (from his perspective) called ''Simoundou''. Other [[names]] include the [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ''Ilanare'', the [[Arabic language|Arabic]] ''Tenerism'' ("isle of delight"), and the [[Chinese language|Chinese]] ''Pa-Outchow'' ("isle of gems"). The [[island]] has also earned several [[nicknames]]. It came to be known as the [[Island]] of Teaching due to the large [[number]] of [[Greeks]] and [[China|Chinese]] who travelled to the island to learn of [[Buddhism]]. Due to its shape and location in the [[Indian Ocean]] off the [[southeastern]] [[coast]] of [[India]], some also refer to the [[island]] as [[India]]'s [[teardrop]]. ==History== {{main|History of Sri Lanka}} Most historians believe that the prince [[List of sovereigns of Sri Lanka|Vijaya]] came to Sri Lanka from [[Orissa]], in north-eastern India, during the [[6th century BC|sixth century BCE]] and started to rule the native people in Sri Lanka, who were known as the Veddas. A nearly continuous written history exists in the book "[[Mahavamsa]]" from this point on and it describes the [[Sinhalese people|Sinhalese kingdom]] started from king Vijaya and his followers. It also describes a minister of Vijaya, Anuradha, who establishes the village of Anuradhagamma which later becomes [[Anuradhapura]] and becomes the capital of Sri Lanka a few centuries later. Archeological evidence is somewhat contradictory to this account, showing continuous settlement in the Anuradhapura area from the [[10th century BC]] onwards with people living in the area having knowledge of [[agriculture]], [[metallurgy]], and [[livestock]] breeding. [[Buddhism]] arrived from the Indian subcontinent in the [[3rd century BC]] at the hands of [[Arahath Mahinda Thero]], missionary of Indian Emperor [[Ashoka]] and spread rapidly. Buddhism and a sophisticated system of irrigation became the pillars of classical [[Sinhalese]] civilization ([[200 BC]]-[[1200]] AD) that flourished in the north-central part of the island, with capitals at [[Anuradhapura]] (from c. 200 BC to c. [[1000]] AD) and [[Polonnaruwa]] (c. [[1070]] to 1200). After the Polonnaruwa era, the capital moved frequently, with the entire island being rarely unified. Parakramabahu IV, who ruled from [[Kotte]], was the last Sri Lankan king to rule over the entire island. The origins of [[Tamil]] presence on the island are unclear. Given the island's close proximity to South India, it is very likely that people have traveled back and forth throughout human history. South Indian rulers attacked Sri Lanka on a number of occasions. Occasionally, such invasions resulted in Tamil rule of the island for extended periods. Several Sinhala kings are noted for driving back the Tamil invasions and retaking the capital. When the [[Portugal|Portuguese]] first arrived, the Island consisted of three independent kingdoms namely Yarlpanam (Tamil) kingdom, Kotte (Sinhala) kingdom and the Kandy (Sinhala) kingdom. In 1517, the Portuguese established the fort and trading post of [[Colombo]]. [[Portugal|Portuguese]] successfully defeated both the coastal kingdoms (Yarlpanam and Kotte) in the [[16th century]]. The Portuguese were followed by the [[Netherlands|Dutch]] in the [[17th century]]. During both Portuguese and Dutch rule of the coastal areas, the interior, hilly region of the island remained independent, with its capital, the city of [[Kandy]]. [[Kingdom of Great Britain|Great Britain]] replaced the Dutch in [[1796]], and the coastal areas became a crown colony in [[1802]]. After the fall of Kandy kingdom in [[1815]], the British decided to unify the three kingdoms under one rule for administrative purposes in [[1818]]. The [[Sri Lanka Independence Struggle|struggle for independence]] started in the 1930s, when the [[Youth Leagues]] opposed the 'Ministers' Memorandum' which asked the colonial authorities to increase the powers of the board of ministers, rather than seeking independence. During [[World War II]] the pro-independence leaders were jailed. Japanese forces bombed Sri Lanka, but there were few casualties. Extensive damage was caused to shipping and the Royal Navy lost two [[cruisers]], an [[aircraft carrier]] and an Australian destroyer. A month later, a Sri Lankan garrison on the [[Cocos Islands]] mutinied, but the rebellion was put down. The British used Sri Lanka as a base for operations in the Pacific. [[Image:Zahntempel Kandy.jpg|thumb|250px|The Temple of the Tooth in Kandy]] As Ceylon [http://www.glue.umd.edu/~pkd/sl/facts/name_origin.html] it became a [[dominion]] within the [[British Commonwealth]] in [[1948]]. In [[1972]], its name was changed to Sri Lanka and the country became a Republic, freeing itself from the last vestiges of colonial domination. In 1982 the legislative and judicial capital was moved from Colombo to nearby [[Sri Jayewardanapura Kotte]]. The flag was also changed in 1948 as orange and green vertical bars were added, representing the Tamil and Muslim minority populations. Post independence governments implemented a series of pro-Sinhalese measures in order to support the majority community who were disadvantaged compared to the minorities due to the policies of European colonialists. This was seen as discriminatory by the Tamils and led to tensions between the Sri Lankan government and the Tamil political/military groups, which erupted in violence in [[1983]] following the killing of 13 soldiers of the Sri Lankan Army in Jaffna. This led to a government-sponsored [[pogrom]] ('Black July') throughout the country and resulted in the deaths of hundreds of Tamils over a three-day period; many more became refugees. Sinhalese and Muslims were driven away from the North by militants and many massacres of sinhala and muslim civilians were carried out in the northern and eastern provinces between 1983 and the ceasefire in 2001. Tens of thousands have died on both sides in the subsequent ethnic war that continues to fester. After two decades of fighting, the [[Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam]] and the government began a ceasefire in [[December]] [[2001]]. [[Norway]] is mediating the peace process. The international anti-terrorism focus may have influenced the main Tamil rebel group to seek the ceasefire, as the LTTE was declared a terrorist organization by the [[United States of America]], the [[United Kingdom]], [[India]], and Sri Lanka. On [[December 26]], [[2004]], one of the deadliest natural disasters in modern history, the [[Indian Ocean earthquake]], struck off the western coast of [[Sumatra]]. The [[earthquake]] and subsequent [[tsunami]]s reportedly killed over 280,000 people around the rim of the [[Indian Ocean]]. The [[Effect of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake on Sri Lanka|impact on Sri Lanka]] was severe. The south and east coasts were devastated by the 10-metre high tsunami, and tens of thousands died. On [[June 24]], [[2005]], Post Tsunami Operational Management Structure (P-TOMS) - the aid sharing legal instrument, has been signed between the Government of Sri Lanka and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam with the backing of E.U., U.S.A, U.K. and Norway. The agreement supposed to help administer the Tsunami relief efforts in the Tamil Tiger controlled area of North and East of Sri Lanka. The agreement has been challenged by the JVP and JHU in the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka and the verdict is still pending. ==Politics== {{main|Politics of Sri Lanka}} The [[President of Sri Lanka|President]] of the [[Republic]], who is directly elected for a six-year term, serves as [[Head of State]], [[Head of Government]] and [[Commander in Chief]] of the armed forces. The President is responsible to Parliament for the exercise of duties in accordance with the [[Constitution]] and laws. The incumbent may be removed from office by a two-thirds vote of Parliament, with the concurrence of the Supreme Court. The President appoints and heads a [[Cabinet]] of Ministers responsible to Parliament. The President's deputy is the [[prime minister of Sri Lanka|Prime Minister]], who leads the ruling party in Parliament. The Sri Lankan ''[[Parliament]]'' is a [[unicameral]] 225-member legislature. Members are elected by universal (adult) suffrage on the basis of a modified [[proportional representation]] system by district to a six-year term. The primary modification is a unique "bonus seat" provision, where the party that receives the largest number of valid votes in each constituency gains an additional or "bonus" seat (''see'' Hickman, 1999). The president may summon, suspend, or end a legislative session and dissolve parliament any time after it has served for one year. Parliament reserves the power to make all laws. Since its independence in 1948, Sri Lanka has remained a member of the [[Commonwealth of Nations]]. Parliament was dissolved on [[February 07]], [[2004]] by President [[Chandrika Bandaranaike Kumaratunga]]. New elections were held on [[April 02]] and the new Parliament convened on [[April 23]] and elected Mahinda Rajapakse as the Prime Minister. In August [[2005]], the Supreme Court ruled that Presidential Elections would be held in November [[2005]], resolving a long-running dispute on the length of President Kumaratunga's term. Mahinda Rajapakse was nominated as the SLFP candidate and former Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe was nominated as the UNP candidate. The Presidential Election was held on [[November 17]], [[2005]], and [[Mahinda Rajapaksa]] was elected as the fifth Executive President of [[Sri Lanka]] with a 50.29% of the valid votes, while [[Ranil Wickremesinghe]] got 48.43% of valid votes. [[Mahinda Rajapaksa]] took oath as the [[President]] on [[November 19]], [[2005]]. The narrow victory of [[Mahinda Rajapaksa]], who offers less autonomy than Ranil Wickremasinghe to the [[North Eastern Province, Sri Lanka|northeast]] where the majority of Sri Lanka's 3.2 million ethnic [[Tamil]]s live, angered the [[Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam]] who wish to see [[Tamil Eelam]] become recognized as an independent country (the [[LTTE]] did, however, [[boycott]] the election, thereby preventing thousands of Tamils from casting ballots). The [[boycott]] of the [[Presidential Election]] by [[LTTE]] prevented Ranil Wickremasinghe from coming into power, whose election promises included the implementation of a [[Federal]] state to the North and East (thus preventing the implementation of such). A new Prime Minister was sworn in, due to vacation of the post, as Prime Minister [[Mahinda Rajapaksa]] became [[President]]. [[Ratnasiri Wickremanayake]] was appointed as the 22nd [[Prime Minister]] of [[Sri Lanka]], on [[November 21]], [[2005]]. He had served as [[Prime Minister]] in 2000 also. There were high hopes that the devastating [[Tsunami]] of December [[2004]] would force both the government and [[Tamil]] rebels into a new, lasting dialogue in order to address the serious effects of the disaster on Sri Lanka as a whole. These hopes were quickly dashed by almost immediate accusations of bias and favouritism on the part of international aid agencies from both sides. At the close of 2005, there remained deep political unease and suspicion between the two factions. ''See also:'' [[Sri Lankan parliamentary election, 2004]] * [http://www.srilankapolitics.blogspot.com/ Sri Lanka Politics] ==Provinces== {{main|Provinces of Sri Lanka}} [[Image:Hindutempelcolombo.JPG|thumb|Hindu temple, [[Colombo]]]] Sri Lanka consists of 8 provinces: * [[Central Province, Sri Lanka|Central]] * [[North Central Province, Sri Lanka|North Central]] * [[North Eastern Province, Sri Lanka|North Eastern]] * [[North Western Province, Sri Lanka|North Western]] * [[Sabaragamuwa Province|Sabaragamuwa]] * [[Southern Province, Sri Lanka|Southern]] * [[Uva Province|Uva]] * [[Western Province, Sri Lanka|Western]] == Geography == [[Image:Ce-map.png|thumb|250px|left|Map of Sri Lanka]] {{main|Geography of Sri Lanka}} The island of Sri Lanka lies within the [[Indian Ocean]], with the [[Bay of Bengal]] to the northeast. It is separated from the [[Indian subcontinent]] by the [[Gulf of Mannar]] and the [[Palk Strait]]. According to [[Hindu mythology]], a land bridge to the Indian mainland, known as [[Rama's Bridge]], was constructed during the time of [[Rama]]. Now usually referred to as Adam's Bridge, it is now mostly submerged, with only a chain of limestone shoals remaining above [[sea level]]. According to temple records this natural [[causeway]] was formerly complete, but was breached by a violent storm (probably a [[cyclone]]) in 1480. The pear-shaped island consists mostly of flat-to-rolling coastal plains, with mountains rising only in the south central part of the island. Amongst these are [[Adam's Peak]] and [[Pidurutalagala]] (also known as Mt Pedro), the latter being the highest point at 2,524 m. [[Image:Gallemosque.JPG|thumb|right|Mosque in [[Galle]]]] The Sri Lankan [[climate]] is tropical, characterized by [[monsoon]]s: the northeast monsoon lasting from December to March, and the southwest monsoon from June to October. The lowest [[gravity|gravitational]] field on Earth lies just off the coast of Sri Lanka. The commercial capital is [[Colombo]], but the administrative and legislative capital is located in nearby [[Kotte|Sri Jayewardanapura]] ([[Kotte]]). Other major cities include [[Jaffna]], [[Galle]], and [[Kandy]]. ==Ecology== Sri Lanka is one of the world's bio-diversity hot-spots. Its forests are amongst the most floristically rich in Asia and for some faunal groups, it has the highest density of species diversity in the world. The southwest portion of the island, where the influence of the moisture-bearing southwest monsoon is strongest, is home to the [[Sri Lanka lowland rain forests]]. At higher elevations they transition to the [[Sri Lanka montane rain forests]]. Both these [[Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests|tropical moist forest]] ecoregions bear strong affinities to those of India's [[Western Ghats]]. The northern and eastern portions of the island are considerably drier, lying in the [[rain shadow]] of the central highlands. The [[Sri Lanka dry-zone dry evergreen forests]] are a [[tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests|tropical dry broadleaf forest]] ecoregion, which, like the neighboring [[East Deccan dry evergreen forests]] of India's [[Coromandel Coast]], is characterized by [[evergreen]] trees, rather than the dry-season [[deciduous]] trees that predominate in most other tropical dry broadleaf forests. These forests have been largely cleared for agriculture, timber or grazing, and many of the dry evergreen forests have been degraded to thorn scrub, [[savanna]], or thickets. Several preserves have been established to protect some of Sri Lanka's remaining natural areas. The island has three [[biosphere reserve]]s, [[Hurulu Biosphere Reserve|Hurulu]] (established 1977), [[Sinharaja Biosphere Reserve|Sinharaja]] (established 1978), and [[Kanneliya-Dediyagala-Nakiyadeniya Biosphere Reserve|Kanneliya-Dediyagala-Nakiyadeniya]] (KDN) (established 2004). Sri Lanka is a centre of bird [[endemic (ecology)|endemism]]. See [[Endemic Birds of the Indian Subcontinent]] for further information. == Economy == {{main|Economy of Sri Lanka}} Sri Lanka is historically famous for its [[cinnamon]] and [[tea]] (introduced by the British in the [[19th century]]). From independence, till [[1977]], it was a strongly [[socialist]] economy but since then it has been increasingly pursuing [[privatization]], market-oriented policies and export-oriented trade. While [[tea]] and [[rubber]] are still important, the most dynamic sectors are now food processing, [[textiles]] and apparel, food and beverages, [[telecommunications]], [[insurance]], and [[banking]]. By [[1996]], plantation crops made up only 20 percent of exports (compared with 93 percent in [[1970]]), while textiles and garments accounted for 63 percent. The [[Gross Domestic Product|GDP]] grew at an average annual rate of 5.5 percent during the early [[1990s]], until a drought and a deteriorating security situation lowered growth to 3.8 percent in [[1996]]. The economy rebounded in [[1997]]-[[2000]], with average growth of 5.3 percent. [[2001]] saw the first economic contraction in the country's history, due to a combination of power shortages, budgetary problems, the global slowdown, and [[Ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka|continuing civil strife]]. Signs of recovery appeared after the government and the LTTE signed the 2002 ceasefire. The Colombo stock exchange reported the highest growth in Asia for 2003, and today Sri Lanka has the highest per capita income in South Asia. In April 2004, there was a sharp reversal in economic policy after the government headed by Ranil Wickremesinghe from the [[United National Party]] was defeated by a coalition made up of [[Sri Lanka Freedom Party]] and the left-nationalist [[Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna]] called the [[United People's Freedom Alliance]]. The new government stopped the privatization of state enterprises, reforms of state utilities such as power and petroleum and embarked on an unprecedented subsidy program. The main themes of what was called the Rata Perata economic program was to support the rural and suburban SMEs and insulate the domestic economy from external influences, such as oil prices, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. However a policy of directly subsidizing imported commodities like fuel, fertilizer and wheat, soon unravelled the fiscal sector. In 2004 alone Sri Lanka spent approximately US $ 180 mn on a fuel subsidy as fixing fuel prices was an election promise. To finance the expanded [[budget deficit]] arising from a range of subsidies and a public sector recruitment drive the government eventually had to print Rs 65 bn (US $ 65 mn) or around 3 percent of GDP. The expansionary fiscal policy, coupled with loose [[monetary policy]] eventually drove [[inflation]] up to 18% by January 2005, as measured by the Sri Lanka Consumer Price Index. By December 2004, the country was heading for a [[balance of payments]] crisis, as the currency depreciated and reserves dwindled. The December 26th Tsunami brought aidflows, and support from the IMF helped improve sentiment in the foreign exchange market. But GDP growth, which had climbed to 6.4% by the first quarter of 2004 had fallen to 4.8% by the first quarter of 2005. The tsunami helped stabilize the deterioration of macro-economic fundamentals as foreign debt relief and assistance from the International Monetary Fund strengthened both the external sector and fiscal operations. GDP growth in 2Q 2005 is expected to be higher, but inflation remains in double digits. Continued subsidies on oil (and thermal generated power) are beginning to put pressure on exchange rates again. Loose monetary policy has also been driving credit growth. The IMF in a report released in September 2005 has called for and end to 'fiscal domination' of monetary policy and more independance for the Central Bank so that inflation could be contained. In December 2005, Sri Lanka received its first international credit rating with Fitch Ratings assigning it a BB- rating (a rating held by Brazil and Indonesia amongst others). == Demographics == {{main|Demographics of Sri Lanka}} [[Image:Welligamabeach.JPG|thumb|left|Beach in Welligama, southern Sri Lanka]] About 74 percent of the population belongs to the [[Sinhalese]] majority, which is predominantly [[Buddhism|Buddhist]], mostly following the [[Theravada]] tradition. The other major group on the island is the [[Tamil people|Tamil]]s, who constitute 18 percent of the population. They are predominantly [[Hinduism|Hindu]], and live mostly in the north, east and central provinces of Sri Lanka. The Tamil population comprises two communities, one composed of Native Tamils and another composed of more recent immigrants from India. Both [[Sinhala]] and [[Tamil language|Tamil]] are official languages. English, the link language in the present constitution, is the mother tongue of roughly 10 percent of the population, and is spoken and understood widely. All three languages are used in education and administration. Smaller minorities include the (mostly Sunni) [[Muslim]]s (7%), mostly of [[Arab]] and [[Malay people|Malay]] descent, the [[Burgher people|Burghers]] of mixed European descent (1%) and the [[Wanniyala-Aetto]] or ''Veddahs'', the few remaining descendants of earlier cultures. Buddhism (70%) and Hinduism (15%) are the dominant religions. [[Christianity|Christians]] represent 7% of the population, including 6% Catholics and 1% Protestants. ==Ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka== See [[Ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka]] == Culture of Sri Lanka == ==Miscellaneous Facts about Sri Lanka== * First country in the [[World]] to have a female [[prime minister]] ([[Sirimavo Bandaranaike]]) * First country in [[South Asia]] to start [[radio]] [[broadcasting]] with [[Radio Ceylon]] * Exports one of the finest quality of [[tea]] in the world * World's leading exporter of [[cinnamon]] * First country to have a [[Nature reserve|wildlife sanctuary]] [http://www.slwcs.org/] * Winner of the [[Cricket World Cup]] in [[1996]] ==See also== [[Image:Formerparliamentlanka.JPG|thumb|right|Former parliament building, [[Colombo]]]] * [[:si:|Sinhala Wikipedia]] * [[:ta:|Tamil Wikipedia]] * [[Communications in Sri Lanka]] * [[Foreign relations of Sri Lanka]] * [[Islam in Sri Lanka]] * [[Hinduism in Sri Lanka]] * [[List of cities in Sri Lanka]] * [[List of cricketers from Sri Lanka]] * [[List of rulers of Sri Lanka|List of kings and rulers of Sri Lanka]] * [[List of national parks of Sri Lanka]] * [[List of Sri Lankan birds]] * [[List of Sri Lankan broadcasters]] * [[List of Sri Lankan musicians]] * [[Media in Sri Lanka]] * [[Military of Sri Lanka]] * [[Music of Sri Lanka]] * [[Status of religious freedom in Sri Lanka]] * [[Transportation in Sri Lanka]] * [[Rupavahini]] == External links == {{sisterlinks|Sri Lanka}} ===Overviews=== * [http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5249.htm U.S. Department of State - Background Note: Sri Lanka (August 2005)] * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/country_profiles/1168427.stm BBC News - ''Country Profile: Sri Lanka''] * [http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/lktoc.html Library of Congress - ''Country Study: Sri Lanka''] data as of July 1987 * [http://web.amnesty.org/report2005/lka-summary-eng Amnesty International Report 2005] * [http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ce.html CIA - The World Factbook -- Sri Lanka] * [http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Asia-and-Oceania/Sri-Lanka.html Encyclopedia of Nations - Sri Lanka] ===Tourism=== *{{wikitravel}} * [http://www.srilankatourism.org/ Sri Lanka Tourist Board] ===Others=== *[http://www.tamilink.org.uk/ A Tamil human rights news portal] *[http://www.genocide.org.uk/ Genocide of Tamils in Sri Lanka] {{South Asia}} [[Category:Island nations]] [[Category:Islands]] [[Category:Sri Lanka| ]] [[Category:SAARC members]] [[ta:இலங்கை]] [[en:Sri Lanka]] [[ar:سريلانكا]] [[bg:Шри Ланка]] [[zh-min-nan:Sri Lanka]] [[bn:শ্রীলংকা]] [[ca:Sri Lanka]] [[cs:Šrí Lanka]] [[da:Sri Lanka]] [[de:Sri Lanka]] [[et:Sri Lanka]] [[es:Sri Lanka]] [[eo:Sri-Lanko]] [[fa:سری لانکا]] [[fr:Sri Lanka]] [[gd:Sri Lanka]] [[gl:Sri Lanka - Sri Lankā]] [[ko:스리랑카]] [[hi:श्रीलंका]] [[hr:Šri Lanka]] [[io:Sri Lanka]] [[id:Sri Lanka]] [[is:Srí Lanka]] [[it:Sri Lanka]] [[he:סרי לנקה]] [[kn:ಶ್ರೀಲ೦ಕಾ]] [[lt:Šri Lanka]] [[li:Sri Lanka]] [[hu:Srí Lanka]] [[ml:ശ്രീലങ്ക]] [[ms:Sri Lanka]] [[nl:Sri Lanka]] [[nds:Sri Lanka]] [[ja:スリランカ]] [[no:Sri Lanka]] [[nn:Sri Lanka]] [[os:Шри-Ланка]] [[pl:Sri Lanka]] [[pt:Sri Lanka]] [[ro:Sri Lanka]] [[ru:Шри-Ланка]] [[sa:श्रीलङ्का]] [[scn:Sri Lanka]] [[sk:Srí Lanka]] [[sl:Šrilanka]] [[sr:Шри Ланка]] [[fi:Sri Lanka]] [[sv:Sri Lanka]] [[tl:Sri Lanka]] [[th:ประเทศศรีลังกา]] [[tr:Sri Lanka]] [[uk:Шрі-Ланка]] [[zh:斯里蘭卡]] 5127 2006-04-22T02:09:22Z Sasakthi 84 Redirected to the Sinhalese Translation page #REDIRECT [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව]] Sinhala 1682 4777 2005-12-26T17:12:13Z Natkeeran 49 to generate stats, please translate {{language |name=Sinhala |nativename=සිංහල ''{{IAST|siṁhala}}'' |region=[[Sri Lanka]], [[India]], and several other countries |speakers=13 million |familycolor=Indo-European |fam2=[[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]] |fam3=[[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] |fam4=[[Sinhalese-Maldivian languages|Sinhalese-Maldivian]] |nation=[[Sri Lanka]] |iso1=si|iso2=sin|iso3=sin |notice=Indic}} '''Sinhala''' (also '''Sinhalese''', formerly '''Singhalese''') is the language spoken by the [[Sinhalese]], the largest ethnic group of [[Sri Lanka]] (formerly ''Ceylon''). It belongs to the [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] branch of the [[Indo-European]] family of languages. It is closely related to {{ll|Dhivehi}}, the language of the [[Maldives]]. There are about 13 million native speakers of Sinhala. The Legend of Prince Vijaya has Sinhala brought to Sri Lanka from India around [[500 BC]] by the Prince and his party of several hundred. Stone inscriptions, as well as written texts (the [[Mahavamsa]], a history of the kings of Sri Lanka going back to almost the [[Buddha]]'s time) attest to the long history of Sinhala spoken in Sri Lanka. Sinhala has many literary works strongly influenced by [[Buddhism]], and often followed the literary trends of India e.g. the ''sandesha poetry of India'', the literary modes used by [[Kalidasa]] and similar Indian dramatic poets are all echoed in Sinhalese literature as attested in the literary debates known as ''kukavi vada''. The extensive invasion of the north of Sri Lanka by [[Tamil people|Tamils]] led to the inclusion in Sinhala of many [[Tamil language|Tamil]] words. While Sri Lanka came under [[Portugal|Portuguese]], [[The Netherlands|Dutch]] and [[United Kingdom|British]] colonial rule in turn, it regained its independence in 1948. Contemporary Sinhalese contains many words of Portuguese, Dutch and [[English language|English]] origin. Nationalist movements in the first half of the [[20th century]] saw the establishment of the ''helabasa'' movement, led by the grammarian ''Munidasa Kumaratunga'', which gave new vigour to the language. A more important influence was the rise of an important newspaper culture (led by the ''Dinamina'' newspaper established by the Wijaywardena group). A celebrated writer, [[Martin Wickremasinghe]], was one of the well known and influential editors of the ''Dinamina''. The [[Sinhala script]] evolved from the ancient [[Brahmi script]] which was introduced to the island in the [[6th century BC]]. At present the Sinhala alphabet has 56 characters with four additional characters added recently. The Sinhala language is characterized by a high vowel content. The most divergent dialect of Sinhala is spoken by the [[Rodiya]] (Rodi) Caste. The language of the [[Wanniyala-Aetto|Veddah]] is closely related to Sinhala, although it has a large number of words which cannot be related to any other language. Sinhala is one of the constitutionally recognised official languages of Sri Lanka. ==External links== *[http://www.sinhala-online.com/ Sinhala dictionary] *[http://www.info.lk/slword/ Sinhala Fonts] *[http://www.kaputa.com/ Sinhala Technology] {{interwiki|code=si}} [[Category:Indo-Aryan languages]] [[Category:Languages of Sri Lanka]] [[en:Sinhala]] [[da:Singalesisk]] [[de:Singhalesische Sprache]] [[fr:Cingalais]] [[ko:신할라어]] [[hi:सिंहली भाषा]] [[id:Bahasa Sinhala]] [[ja:シンハラ語]] [[nl:Singalees]] [[pt:língua sinhala]] [[sv:Singalesiska]] [[zh:僧伽罗语]] 4779 2005-12-26T17:17:42Z Natkeeran 49 {{language |name=Sinhala |nativename=සිංහල ''{{IAST|siṁhala}}'' |region=[[Sri Lanka]], [[India]], and several other countries |speakers=13 million |familycolor=Indo-European |fam2=[[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]] |fam3=[[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] |fam4=[[Sinhalese-Maldivian languages|Sinhalese-Maldivian]] |nation=[[Sri Lanka]] |iso1=si|iso2=sin|iso3=sin |notice=Indic}} '''Sinhala''' (also '''Sinhalese''', formerly '''Singhalese''') is the language spoken by the [[Sinhalese]], the largest ethnic group of [[Sri Lanka]] (formerly ''Ceylon''). It belongs to the [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] branch of the [[Indo-European]] family of languages. It is closely related to {{ll|Dhivehi}}, the language of the [[Maldives]]. There are about 13 million native speakers of Sinhala. The Legend of Prince Vijaya has Sinhala brought to Sri Lanka from India around [[500 BC]] by the Prince and his party of several hundred. Stone inscriptions, as well as written texts (the [[Mahavamsa]], a history of the kings of Sri Lanka going back to almost the [[Buddha]]'s time) attest to the long history of Sinhala spoken in Sri Lanka. Sinhala has many literary works strongly influenced by [[Buddhism]], and often followed the literary trends of India e.g. the ''sandesha poetry of India'', the literary modes used by [[Kalidasa]] and similar Indian dramatic poets are all echoed in Sinhalese literature as attested in the literary debates known as ''kukavi vada''. The extensive invasion of the north of Sri Lanka by [[Tamil people|Tamils]] led to the inclusion in Sinhala of many [[Tamil language|Tamil]] words. While Sri Lanka came under [[Portugal|Portuguese]], [[The Netherlands|Dutch]] and [[United Kingdom|British]] colonial rule in turn, it regained its independence in 1948. Contemporary Sinhalese contains many words of Portuguese, Dutch and [[English language|English]] origin. Nationalist movements in the first half of the [[20th century]] saw the establishment of the ''helabasa'' movement, led by the grammarian ''Munidasa Kumaratunga'', which gave new vigour to the language. A more important influence was the rise of an important newspaper culture (led by the ''Dinamina'' newspaper established by the Wijaywardena group). A celebrated writer, [[Martin Wickremasinghe]], was one of the well known and influential editors of the ''Dinamina''. The [[Sinhala script]] evolved from the ancient [[Brahmi script]] which was introduced to the island in the [[6th century BC]]. At present the Sinhala alphabet has 56 characters with four additional characters added recently. The Sinhala language is characterized by a high vowel content. The most divergent dialect of Sinhala is spoken by the [[Rodiya]] (Rodi) Caste. The language of the [[Wanniyala-Aetto|Veddah]] is closely related to Sinhala, although it has a large number of words which cannot be related to any other language. Sinhala is one of the constitutionally recognised official languages of Sri Lanka. ==External links== *[http://www.sinhala-online.com/ Sinhala dictionary] *[http://www.info.lk/slword/ Sinhala Fonts] *[http://www.kaputa.com/ Sinhala Technology] {{interwiki|code=si}} [[Category:Indo-Aryan languages]] [[Category:Languages of Sri Lanka]] [[ta:சிங்கள மொழி]] [[en:Sinhala]] [[da:Singalesisk]] [[de:Singhalesische Sprache]] [[fr:Cingalais]] [[ko:신할라어]] [[hi:सिंहली भाषा]] [[id:Bahasa Sinhala]] [[ja:シンハラ語]] [[nl:Singalees]] [[pt:língua sinhala]] [[sv:Singalesiska]] [[zh:僧伽罗语]] 5108 2006-04-22T00:01:06Z Sasakthi 84 Starting the translation process {{language |name=Sinhala |nativename=සිංහල ''{{IAST|siṁhala}}'' |region=[[Sri Lanka]], [[India]], and several other countries |speakers=13 million |familycolor=Indo-European |fam2=[[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]] |fam3=[[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] |fam4=[[Sinhalese-Maldivian languages|Sinhalese-Maldivian]] |nation=[[Sri Lanka]] |iso1=si|iso2=sin|iso3=sin |notice=Indic}} [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ]] ප්‍රධාන ඡන කොට්ටාශය වන '''සිංහල''' ඡනයාගේ මවු බස '''සිංහල''' වෙයි. සිංහල‍ [[ඉන්දු-යුරෝපීය]] භාෂා වල උප ගනයක් වන [[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය]] භාෂා ගනයට අයිති වන අතර [[මාල දිවයින]] භාවිතා කරන {{ll|Dhivehi}} භාෂාවට විශාල සමානතාවයක් දක්වයි. සිංහලයෙන් කතා කරන ලෝක ඡනගහනය මිලියන 13ක් පමන වෙයි. The Legend of Prince Vijaya has Sinhala brought to Sri Lanka from India around [[500 BC]] by the Prince and his party of several hundred. Stone inscriptions, as well as written texts (the [[Mahavamsa]], a history of the kings of Sri Lanka going back to almost the [[Buddha]]'s time) attest to the long history of Sinhala spoken in Sri Lanka. Sinhala has many literary works strongly influenced by [[Buddhism]], and often followed the literary trends of India e.g. the ''sandesha poetry of India'', the literary modes used by [[Kalidasa]] and similar Indian dramatic poets are all echoed in Sinhalese literature as attested in the literary debates known as ''kukavi vada''. The extensive invasion of the north of Sri Lanka by [[Tamil people|Tamils]] led to the inclusion in Sinhala of many [[Tamil language|Tamil]] words. While Sri Lanka came under [[Portugal|Portuguese]], [[The Netherlands|Dutch]] and [[United Kingdom|British]] colonial rule in turn, it regained its independence in 1948. Contemporary Sinhalese contains many words of Portuguese, Dutch and [[English language|English]] origin. Nationalist movements in the first half of the [[20th century]] saw the establishment of the ''helabasa'' movement, led by the grammarian ''Munidasa Kumaratunga'', which gave new vigour to the language. A more important influence was the rise of an important newspaper culture (led by the ''Dinamina'' newspaper established by the Wijaywardena group). A celebrated writer, [[Martin Wickremasinghe]], was one of the well known and influential editors of the ''Dinamina''. The [[Sinhala script]] evolved from the ancient [[Brahmi script]] which was introduced to the island in the [[6th century BC]]. At present the Sinhala alphabet has 56 characters with four additional characters added recently. The Sinhala language is characterized by a high vowel content. The most divergent dialect of Sinhala is spoken by the [[Rodiya]] (Rodi) Caste. The language of the [[Wanniyala-Aetto|Veddah]] is closely related to Sinhala, although it has a large number of words which cannot be related to any other language. Sinhala is one of the constitutionally recognised official languages of Sri Lanka. ==External links== *[http://www.sinhala-online.com/ Sinhala dictionary] *[http://www.info.lk/slword/ Sinhala Fonts] *[http://www.kaputa.com/ Sinhala Technology] {{interwiki|code=si}} [[Category:Indo-Aryan languages]] [[Category:Languages of Sri Lanka]] [[ta:சிங்கள மொழி]] [[en:Sinhala]] [[da:Singalesisk]] [[de:Singhalesische Sprache]] [[fr:Cingalais]] [[ko:신할라어]] [[hi:सिंहली भाषा]] [[id:Bahasa Sinhala]] [[ja:シンハラ語]] [[nl:Singalees]] [[pt:língua sinhala]] [[sv:Singalesiska]] [[zh:僧伽罗语]] 5109 2006-04-22T00:02:33Z Sasakthi 84 Starting translation {{language |name=Sinhala |nativename=සිංහල ''{{IAST|siṁhala}}'' |region=[[Sri Lanka]], [[India]], and several other countries |speakers=13 million |familycolor=Indo-European |fam2=[[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]] |fam3=[[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] |fam4=[[Sinhalese-Maldivian languages|Sinhalese-Maldivian]] |nation=[[Sri Lanka]] |iso1=si|iso2=sin|iso3=sin |notice=Indic}} [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ]] ප්‍රධාන ඡන කොට්ටාශය වන '''සිංහල''' ඡනයාගේ මවු බස '''සිංහල''' වෙයි. සිංහල‍ [[ඉන්දු-යුරෝපීය]] භාෂා වල උප ගනයක් වන [[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය]] භාෂා ගනයට අයිති වන අතර [[මාල දිවයින]] භාවිතා කරන {{ll|Dhivehi}} භාෂාවට විශාල සමානතාවයක් දක්වයි. සිංහලයෙන් කතා කරන ලෝක ඡනගහනය මිලියන 13ක් පමන වෙයි. The Legend of Prince Vijaya has Sinhala brought to Sri Lanka from India around [[500 BC]] by the Prince and his party of several hundred. Stone inscriptions, as well as written texts (the [[Mahavamsa]], a history of the kings of Sri Lanka going back to almost the [[Buddha]]'s time) attest to the long history of Sinhala spoken in Sri Lanka. Sinhala has many literary works strongly influenced by [[Buddhism]], and often followed the literary trends of India e.g. the ''sandesha poetry of India'', the literary modes used by [[Kalidasa]] and similar Indian dramatic poets are all echoed in Sinhalese literature as attested in the literary debates known as ''kukavi vada''. The extensive invasion of the north of Sri Lanka by [[Tamil people|Tamils]] led to the inclusion in Sinhala of many [[Tamil language|Tamil]] words. While Sri Lanka came under [[Portugal|Portuguese]], [[The Netherlands|Dutch]] and [[United Kingdom|British]] colonial rule in turn, it regained its independence in 1948. Contemporary Sinhalese contains many words of Portuguese, Dutch and [[English language|English]] origin. Nationalist movements in the first half of the [[20th century]] saw the establishment of the ''helabasa'' movement, led by the grammarian ''Munidasa Kumaratunga'', which gave new vigour to the language. A more important influence was the rise of an important newspaper culture (led by the ''Dinamina'' newspaper established by the Wijaywardena group). A celebrated writer, [[Martin Wickremasinghe]], was one of the well known and influential editors of the ''Dinamina''. The [[Sinhala script]] evolved from the ancient [[Brahmi script]] which was introduced to the island in the [[6th century BC]]. At present the Sinhala alphabet has 56 characters with four additional characters added recently. The Sinhala language is characterized by a high vowel content. The most divergent dialect of Sinhala is spoken by the [[Rodiya]] (Rodi) Caste. The language of the [[Wanniyala-Aetto|Veddah]] is closely related to Sinhala, although it has a large number of words which cannot be related to any other language. Sinhala is one of the constitutionally recognised official languages of Sri Lanka. ==External links== *[http://www.sinhala-online.com/ Sinhala dictionary] *[http://www.info.lk/slword/ Sinhala Fonts] *[http://www.kaputa.com/ Sinhala Technology] {{interwiki|code=si}} [[Category:Indo-Aryan languages]] [[Category:Languages of Sri Lanka]] [[ta:சிங்கள மொழி]] [[en:Sinhala]] [[da:Singalesisk]] [[de:Singhalesische Sprache]] [[fr:Cingalais]] [[ko:신할라어]] [[hi:सिंहली भाषा]] [[id:Bahasa Sinhala]] [[ja:シンハラ語]] [[nl:Singalees]] [[pt:língua sinhala]] [[sv:Singalesiska]] [[zh:僧伽罗语]] 5111 2006-04-22T00:19:09Z Sasakthi 84 Translated the 2nd para {{language |name=Sinhala |nativename=සිංහල ''{{IAST|siṁhala}}'' |region=[[Sri Lanka]], [[India]], and several other countries |speakers=13 million |familycolor=Indo-European |fam2=[[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]] |fam3=[[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] |fam4=[[Sinhalese-Maldivian languages|Sinhalese-Maldivian]] |nation=[[Sri Lanka]] |iso1=si|iso2=sin|iso3=sin |notice=Indic}} [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ]] ප්‍රධාන ඡන කොට්ටාශය වන '''සිංහල''' ඡනයාගේ මවු බස '''සිංහල''' වෙයි. සිංහල‍ [[ඉන්දු-යුරෝපීය]] භාෂා වල උප ගනයක් වන [[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය]] භාෂා ගනයට අයිති වන අතර [[මාල දිවයින]] භාවිතා කරන {{ll|Dhivehi}} භාෂාවට විශාල සමානතාවයක් දක්වයි. සිංහලයෙන් කතා කරන ලෝක ඡනගහනය මිලියන 13ක් පමන වෙයි. සිංහල භාෂාව [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට]] [[ඉන්දියාව|ඉන්දියාවෙන්]] [[ක්‍රි.පූ 500|ක්‍රි.පූ 500දී]] පමන විඡයාගමනයෙන් ලැඛුන බවට විශ්වාස කරන අතර, සෙල් ලිපි සහ [[මහා වංශය]] මෙයට සාක්ෂි දරයි. Sinhala has many literary works strongly influenced by [[Buddhism]], and often followed the literary trends of India e.g. the ''sandesha poetry of India'', the literary modes used by [[Kalidasa]] and similar Indian dramatic poets are all echoed in Sinhalese literature as attested in the literary debates known as ''kukavi vada''. The extensive invasion of the north of Sri Lanka by [[Tamil people|Tamils]] led to the inclusion in Sinhala of many [[Tamil language|Tamil]] words. While Sri Lanka came under [[Portugal|Portuguese]], [[The Netherlands|Dutch]] and [[United Kingdom|British]] colonial rule in turn, it regained its independence in 1948. Contemporary Sinhalese contains many words of Portuguese, Dutch and [[English language|English]] origin. Nationalist movements in the first half of the [[20th century]] saw the establishment of the ''helabasa'' movement, led by the grammarian ''Munidasa Kumaratunga'', which gave new vigour to the language. A more important influence was the rise of an important newspaper culture (led by the ''Dinamina'' newspaper established by the Wijaywardena group). A celebrated writer, [[Martin Wickremasinghe]], was one of the well known and influential editors of the ''Dinamina''. The [[Sinhala script]] evolved from the ancient [[Brahmi script]] which was introduced to the island in the [[6th century BC]]. At present the Sinhala alphabet has 56 characters with four additional characters added recently. The Sinhala language is characterized by a high vowel content. The most divergent dialect of Sinhala is spoken by the [[Rodiya]] (Rodi) Caste. The language of the [[Wanniyala-Aetto|Veddah]] is closely related to Sinhala, although it has a large number of words which cannot be related to any other language. Sinhala is one of the constitutionally recognised official languages of Sri Lanka. ==External links== *[http://www.sinhala-online.com/ Sinhala dictionary] *[http://www.info.lk/slword/ Sinhala Fonts] *[http://www.kaputa.com/ Sinhala Technology] {{interwiki|code=si}} [[Category:Indo-Aryan languages]] [[Category:Languages of Sri Lanka]] [[ta:சிங்கள மொழி]] [[en:Sinhala]] [[da:Singalesisk]] [[de:Singhalesische Sprache]] [[fr:Cingalais]] [[ko:신할라어]] [[hi:सिंहली भाषा]] [[id:Bahasa Sinhala]] [[ja:シンハラ語]] [[nl:Singalees]] [[pt:língua sinhala]] [[sv:Singalesiska]] [[zh:僧伽罗语]] 5113 2006-04-22T00:28:16Z Sasakthi 84 Redirecting to the correct entry #REDIRECT [[සිංහල භාෂාව]] Sinhalese 1683 4778 2005-12-26T17:16:41Z 70.51.134.28 to generate stats, please translate {{ethnic group| |group=Sinhalese |image= |poptime= |popplace=[[Sri Lanka]] |rels=[[Buddhism]] |langs=[[Sinhala language|Sinhala]] |related= }} The '''Sinhalese''' are an [[Indo-Aryan]] people that are native to [[Sri Lanka]]. They speak [[Sinhala]], an [[Indo-Aryan_languages|Indo-Aryan]] language. == History and Lore == According to legend, they are descended from the exiled Prince Vijaya and his party of several hundred who arrived on the island around [[500s BC|500 BC]] after having been made to leave their native [[Bengal]]. The recorded history of the Sinhalese can be found in two large chronicles, the [[Mahavamsa]] and the Chulavamsa, which are considered unique in terms of age and longevity, and cover the histories of the powerful ancient kingdoms of [[Anuradhapura]] and [[Polonnaruwa]]. Notable Sinhalese monarchs include Devanampiya Tissa (who converted to [[Buddhism]] in the 4th c BC), Parakramabahu the Great (c1164 - 1197) (who led an expedition to [[Thailand]]), and Mayadunne (1521 - 1581)(who led fierce resistence againt the [[Portugal|Portuguese]]). Much of Sinhalese history was dominated by struggles against encroaching overseas powers such as the mighty [[cholas|Chola Kingdom]] of [[South India]], and European colonial powers. Given its position at the junction of major trade routes spanning the [[Indian Ocean]], Sri Lanka inevitably became home to other ethnic groups as well as the Sinhalese, such as Sri Lanka's small Arab, Chinese and Burgher communities. This ongoing mingling of ethnic groups can be most obviously noticed in the Sinhalese language (Sinhala) itself, which has a vocabulary that borrows heavily from foreign languages, particularly Portuguese. == Origins == The vast majority live in Sri Lanka (mostly in the south and west of the island), but there are significant expatriate communities in Europe (notably the UK) and in North America (in particular Canada). == Religion == Most of the Sinhalese are [[Buddhist]]s (85%), and are considered the only ethnic group in South Asia who overwhelmingly adhere to the [[Theravada]] sect of Buddhism, though it should be noted that many Sinhalese Buddhists also venerate [[Hindu]] deities as well as indigenous gods. The remainder mostly belong to the Roman Catholic church, but there are [[Muslim]] and Hindu communities as well. == Contemporary Problems == The past thirty or so years of Sinhalese history has been marred by ongoing ethnic strife with Tamils. (see [[Ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka]]). [[ta:சிங்களவர்]] [[en:Sinhalese people]] [[Category:Ethnic groups of Asia]] 5248 2006-04-22T15:00:38Z Sasakthi 84 #redirect [[සිංහල ජාතිය]] Peace 1684 4781 2005-12-26T17:20:21Z 70.51.134.28 The concept of '''peace''' ranks among the most controversial in our time. Peace undoubtedly carries a positive connotation; almost nobody admits to opposing peace; [[world peace]] is widely seen as one of the most noble goals of humanity. Various groups, however, differ sharply about what peace entails, how best to achieve peace, and whether peace is even truly possible. [[Image:Peace-symbol.png|right|150px|thumb|Widely-recognized [[peace symbol]]. Also commonly used is a dove holding an [[olive branch]]]] ==What is peace?== Peace is many things: the meaning of the word peace changes with context. Peace may refer specifically to an agreement concluded to end a war, or to a lack of external warfare, or to a period when a country's armies are not fighting enemies. It can also refer more generally to quietude, such as that common at night or in remote areas, allowing for sleep or meditation. Peace can be an emotion or internal state. And finally, peace can be any combination of these definitions. A person's conception of "peace" is often the product of culture and upbringing. People of different cultures sometimes disagree about the meaning of the word, and so do people within any given culture. Peace is not a symbol, peace is a mindset. ===Absence of war=== A simple and narrow definition of peace entails the absence of [[war]]. (The [[Ancient Rome|ancient Romans]] defined peace, ''Pax'', as ''Absentia Belli'', the ''absence of war''.) The maintenance of longstanding peace between [[nations]] ranks among the few great successes of the [[United Nations]]. Peace can be voluntary, where potential agitators choose to abstain from disturbance, or it can be enforced, by suppressing those who might otherwise cause such disturbance. A hard stance on neutrality has given [[Switzerland]] fame as a country for its long-lasting peace. [[Sweden]], however, presently has the longest history of continuous peace. Since its [[1814]] invasion of [[Norway]], the Swedish kingdom has not engaged in military-style external violence. ===Absence of violence or of evil; presence of justice=== Constraining the concept of peace strictly to the absence of international war masks internal [[genocide]], [[terrorism]], and other [[violence]]. Few would describe the Congolese genocide of the 1890s as an example of peace, even though it technically occurred within the personal domain of [[Léopold II of Belgium|King Léopold of the Belgians]]. Some, therefore, define "peace" as an absence of violence: not merely the absence of war, but also of [[evil]]. Many believe that peace is more than the absence of certain societal maladies. From this perspective, peace requires not only the absence of violence but also the presence of justice, as articulated by [[Martin Luther King, Jr.]] In this conception, a society in which one group is oppressed by another lacks peace even in the absence of violence, because the oppression itself constitutes evil. ===Plural peaces=== Some "peace thinkers" choose to abandon the idea of one definition of peace; rather, they promote the idea of many peaces. They think that no singular, correct definition of peace can exist; peace, therefore, should be seen as a plurality. For example, in the [[African Great Lakes|Great Lakes region of Africa]], the word for peace is ''kindoki'', which refers to a harmonious balance between human beings, the rest of the natural world, and the cosmos. This is a much more broad vision of peace than a mere "absence of war" or even a "presence of justice" standard. Many of these same thinkers also critique the idea of peace as a hopeful or eventual end. They recognize that peace does not necessarily have to be something the humans might achieve "some day." They contend that peace exists, we can create and expand it in small ways in our everyday lives, and peace changes constantly. This view makes peace permeable and imperfect rather than static and utopian. ===Peace and quiet=== In some contexts, peace refers more generally to a state of [[quiet]] or [[tranquility]]--an absence of disturbance or agitation. Those who travel to remote, rural areas often notice the striking difference in the noise level between the cities and the countryside; hence the term "peace and quiet". Conflict that occurs in nature, however, often produces sounds. When animals fight, the surrounding forest can become even ''more'' silent, as the non-engaged animals warily await the outcome. After a conflict, the normal sounds and actions of the inhabitants eventually reappear. ===Inner peace=== One meaning of peace refers to [[inner peace]]; a state of mind, body and soul, which is said to take place within ourselves. People that experience inner peace say that the feeling is not dependent on time, people or place, asserting that an individual may experience inner peace even in the midst of war. ==Environmental Peace== Many, if not most, [[environmentalists]] consider protecting the environment to be a form of peace, if not the main form, as destroying habitats is quite arguably a form of violence and an "evil". ==Is violence necessary?== There is a wide spectrum of views about whether, and when, violence and [[war]] are necessary. Followers of [[Jainism]], for example, go to great lengths to avoid harming even animals, and [[Pacifism|pacifists]], such as [[Christian anarchism|Christian anarchists]], see any sort of violence as self-perpetuating. Other groups take a wide variety of stances. ===Historical examples and counter examples=== Allied propaganda billed the [[Great War]] in Europe as the "war to end all wars." Although the Allies won the war, the resulting "peace" [[Treaty of Versailles]] only set the stage for the even bloodier [[World War II]]. Before the Allied victory, the [[Bolsheviks]] promised the Russian people "peace, land, and bread." Although [[Vladimir Lenin]] ended the disastrous war against the [[Central Powers]], the ensuing civil war resulted in a loss of over a million people. These failures illustrate the problems of using war in an effort to attain peace. Proponents of the [[democratic peace theory]] claim that strong empirical evidence exists that [[democracies]] rarely make war against each other. An increasing number of nations have become democratic since the [[industrial revolution]], and thus, they claim [[world peace]] may thus become possible if this trend continues. However, it can also be argued that this could equally be explained by a number of other factors related to the wealth, power, and stability of nations that tend to become democracies, ranging from becoming reliant on strong global [[trade]] connections to [[Mutually Assured Destruction]]. ==Peacemakers== '''Peacemakers''' are people who have overcome entrenched violence and conflict through their [[leadership]] and vision to achieve peace. ===Nobel Peace Prize=== ''Main article: [[Nobel Peace Prize]]'' The '''Nobel Peace Prize''' is awarded annually to notable persons, generally peacemakers and [[Visionary|visionaries]] who have overcome notorious cycles in violence, conflict or oppression through their moral leadership, but also controversially former [[warmongers]] and former [[terrorists]] who it was believed had helped bring the world closer to ending such situations through exceptional concessions in the attempt to achieve peace. Here is a partial list of [[Nobel Peace Prize#Laureates|Nobel Peace Prize laureates]]. *[[Theodore Roosevelt]] ([[Nobel Peace Prize#1900s|1906 laureate]]); *[[Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr.]] ([[Nobel Peace Prize#1960s|1964 laureate]]); *[[Henry Kissinger]] and [[Le Duc Tho]] ([[Nobel Peace Prize#1970s|joint 1973 laureates]]); *[[Mohamed Anwar Al-Sadat]] ([[Nobel Peace Prize#1970s|1978 laureate]]); *[[Mother Teresa]] ([[Nobel Peace Prize#1970s|1979 laureate]]); *[[Nelson Mandela]] and Former President [[Frederik Willem de Klerk]] (joint [[Nobel Peace Prize#1990s|1993 laureates]]); *[[Yasser Arafat]], [[Shimon Peres]] and [[Yitzhak Rabin]] ([[Nobel Peace Prize#1990s|1994 laureates]]); *[[John Hume]] and [[David Trimble]] (joint [[Nobel Peace Prize#1990s|1998 laureates]]); *[[Wangari Maathai]] ([[Nobel Peace Prize#2000s|2004 laureate]]). ==Quotes== {{wikiquote}} * From [[Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr.]]'s ''[[Letter from Birmingham Jail]]'': ::"True peace is not merely the absence of tension: it is the presence of [[justice]]." * From [[Henry Timrod]], known as ''The Poet Laureate of the Confederacy'', who wrote passionate [[poem]]s that caused many young men to enlist in the [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] [[Army]] of the [[American Civil War]]. But after seeing for himself the horrors of war, he wrote this poignant [[prayer]] for peace: ::"Not all the darkness of the land, can hide the lifted eye and hand; Nor need the clanging conflict cease, to make Thee hear our cries for peace." * For more peace quotes, please see http://peaceforge.digitalunleashed.com/moin.cgi/PeaceQuotes ==See also== ''Peace'' * [[Peace camp]] : form of nonviolent protest. * [[Peace churches]] : Christian groups in the pacifist tradition. * [[Peace movement]] : social movement that seeks achieve ideals such as the ending of a particular war (or all wars), minimize inter-human violence in a particular place or type of situation, often linked to the goal of achieving world peace. * [[Peace process]] : describes efforts by interested parties to effect a lasting solution to long-running conflicts. * [[Peace symbol]] : representation or object that has come to symbolize peace. * [[Peace treaty]] : agreement (a peace treaty) between two hostile parties, usually countries or governments, that formally ends a war or armed conflict. * [[World peace]] : future ideal of freedom, peace and happiness among and within all nations. ''Human condition and beliefs'' * [[Christian anarchism]] : belief that there is only one source of authority to which Christians are ultimately answerable, the authority of God as embodied in the teachings of Jesus. * [[Democratic peace theory]] : theory in politics and political science which holds that democracies—specifically, liberal democracies—never or almost never go to war with one another. * [[Inner peace]] (or peace of mind) : colloquialism that refers to a state of being mentally or spiritually at peace, with enough knowledge and understanding to keep onself strong in the face of discord or stress. * [[Nonviolence]] : set of assumptions about morality, power and conflict that leads its proponents to reject the use of violence in efforts to attain social or political goals. * [[Pacifism]] : opposition to the use of force to settle disagreements, specifically the taking up of arms in war. * [[Peace and Conflict Studies]] : interdisciplinary inquiry into war as human condition and peace as human potential, as an alternative to the traditional Polemology and the strategies taught at Military academies. * [[Satyagraha]] : philosophy of non-violent resistance most famously employed by [[Mahatma Gandhi]]. * [[Utopia]] : hypothetical perfect society. ''Things'' * [[Japanese Peace Bell]] : gift of the people of Japan ("People of Nippon") to the United Nations on [[June 8]] [[1954]]. * [[Nobel Peace Prize]] : one of five Nobel Prizes requested by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Alfred Nobel. ''Organizations'' * [[American Friends Service Committee]] : religious Society of Friends (Quaker) affiliated organization which works for social justice, peace and reconciliation, abolition of the death penalty, and human rights, and provides humanitarian relief. * [[UN peacekeeping|Peacekeeping]] : personnel units of the United Nations deployed as a way to help countries torn by conflict create conditions for sustainable peace. * [[United States Department of Peace]] : proposed cabinet-level department of the executive branch of the U.S. government. ''Lists'' * [[List of places named after peace]] * [[Projects working for peace among Israelis and Arabs]] : many projects that work to create a peaceful and productive co-existence between Israelis and Arabs including the Palestinians. ==References== * [http://www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Studies/Articles_Gen/Letter_Birmingham.html Letter from Birmingham Jail] by [[Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr.]]. ==External links== * [http://www.betterworldlinks.org Biggest Link List on Peace] - Better World Links * [http://www.actfortheearth.org ACT for the Earth] * [http://www.PeaceForge.org Peace Forge] -Wiki wiki forum and best practice database on peace and conflict resolution * [http://www.npf.or.jp/npf/index_e.html Official homepage of the Niwano Peace Foundation] * [http://www.carnegieendowment.org Carnegie Endowment for International Peace] * [http://www.geocities.com/bawad1 (See Peace) Resource Center for Peace] * [http://www.peaceinaction.net Peace in Action]- Share and collaborate with peacemakers * [http://www.nonviolence.org Nonviolence.org] * [http://www.peace-action.org Peace Action] (a U.S. organization) * [http://www.activistmagazine.com The ACTivist Magazine] * [http://www.studentsforpeace.org Students for Peace] * [http://www.promotingpeace.org/ Foundation for P.E.A.C.E.] * [http://www.boisepeacequilt.org/ Boise Peace Quilt Project] * [http://www.ajmuste.org/ A.J. Muste Memorial Institute] - A.J. Muste: legendary peacemaker * [http://www.10000kites.org/ 10,000 Kites] - A peace project aimed at Israelis and Palestinians. * [http://www.seedsofpeace.org/ Seeds of Peace International Youth Organization] * [http://www.cryforpeace.org/ Cry For Peace] - Promotiong peace through art and music * [http://www.ecologyfund.com/ Save The Rainforest For Free] * [http://www.tirol.gv.at/peacestudies/ University of Innsbruck: MA Program in Peace, Development, Security and International Conflict Transformation] * [http://www.peaceworkers.org.uk Peaceworkers.UK]- UK organisation providing training for Peaceworkers * [http://www.fssca.net/peace/ Mesoamerican Peace Project] [[Category:Core issues in ethics]] [[Category:International relations]] [[Category:Peace| ]] [[Category:Personal life]] [[ca:Pau]] [[cs:Mír]] [[de:Frieden]] [[es:Paz]] [[eo:Paco]] [[fr:Paix]] [[id:Kedamaian]] [[it:Pace]] [[he:שלום]] [[ka:მშვიდობა]] [[la:Pax]] [[lt:Taika]] [[hu:Béke]] [[nl:Vrede]] [[ja:平和]] [[pl:Pokój (polityka)]] [[pt:Paz]] [[simple:Peace]] [[sk:Mier]] [[sr:Мир]] [[fi:Rauha]] [[sv:Fred]] [[wa:Påye]] [[zh:和平]] Tamil people 1685 4783 2005-12-26T17:27:07Z Natkeeran 49 {{Ethnic group| |group=Tamils |image=[[Image:Worldtamilsnationalflag.gif|center|150px|]] '''Note:''' This flag was adopted by the World Tamil Confederation in 1999 and is not universally known or recognized by Tamils. |poptime=74,000,000 (1997 estimate) |popplace=[[India]]: 63,000,000 [[Sri Lanka]]: 3,600,000 [[Malaysia]]: 1,500,000 [[Canada]]: 300,000 [[United Kingdom]]: 300,000 [[United States]]: 300,000 [[Singapore]]: 250,000 [[South Africa]]: 250,000 [[Guyana]]: 150,000 [[Réunion]]: 120,000 [[Mauritius]]: 115,000 [[Trinidad and Tobago]]: 100,000 |langs=[[Tamil language|Tamil]] |rels=[[Hinduism]], [[Christianity]], [[Islam]], [[Jainism]] |related='''[[Dravidian race|Dravidian people]]''' *[[Brahui people]] *[[Kannadigas]] *[[Malayali]]s *'''Tamils''' *[[Telugu]]s *[[Tuluva]]s }} The '''Tamil people''' are an [[ethnic]] group from [[South Asia]] with a recorded history going back more than two millennia. The oldest [[Tamil]] communities are those of [[South India|southern India]] and northeastern [[Sri Lanka]]. There are also a number of Tamil [[emigration|emigrant]] communities scattered around the world, especially in [[Malaysia]], [[Singapore]], [[Fiji]], [[Mauritius]], and [[South Africa]], with more recent emigrants also found in [[Australia]], [[Canada]], and parts of [[Europe]]. Unlike many [[ethnic groups]], the Tamils have never been governed by a single political entity; ''Tamizhagam'', the traditional name for the Tamil lands, has always been under the rule of more than one kingdom or state. Despite this, the Tamil [[cultural identity]] has always been strong. Historically, this identity has been primarily [[linguistics|linguistic]], with Tamils being those whose [[first language]] was [[Tamil language|Tamil]]. In recent times, however, the definition has been broadened to include also emigrants of Tamil descent who maintain Tamil traditions, even when they no longer speak the language. Tamils are ethnically, linguistically and culturally related to the other [[Dravidian race|Dravidian peoples]] of [[South Asia]]. There are an estimated 74 million Tamils around the world. ==History== ===The pre-classical period=== [[Image:Tamil girls in Tiruvanamalai.jpg||thumb|right|250px|Tamil girls in [[Tiruvannamalai]].]] The origins of the Tamil people, like those of the other [[Dravidian]] peoples, are unknown, although [[genetics|genetic]] and [[archaeology|archaeological]] evidence suggest a possible migration into [[India]] around [[6000 BC]] (Gadgil 1997). Connections with the [[Elam]]ite people of ancient [[Iran]] have been suggested, but there is little solid evidence to support this view. It has also been suggested that the people of the [[Indus Valley Civilization]] were either Tamil or another [[Dravidian race|Dravidian people]] (see e.g. Parpola 1974; 2003), but this theory is deeply controversial and there is at present no academic consensus on the identity of the Indus people. In [[2002]], geneticist [[Spencer Wells]] completed a study of human out-migrations from Africa utilizing the [[DNA]] of [[Bushmen]] of the [[Kalahari Desert]] who, according to Wells, have the oldest human DNA on earth. From analysis of DNA specimens collected in Tamil province, Wells concluded that the earliest significant wave of human emigration from Africa was that of San Bushmen to southern India and then along coastal routes to Australia (the Aborigines). Wells's findings are consistent with the conclusions of various forensic anthropologists, historians and oral historical accounts that classify the Tamils as [[Negroid]] or [[Australoid]] peoples. The earliest clear evidence of the presence of the Tamil people in modern [[Tamil Nadu]] (see also [[Tamil Nadu#History|History of Tamil Nadu]]) are the [[megalith]]ic urn burials, dating from around [[1000 BC]] and onwards, which have been discovered at various places in Tamil Nadu, notably [[Adichanallur]]. These burials conform in a number of details to the descriptions of funerals in classical Tamil literature, and appear to be concrete evidence of the existence of Tamils in southern [[India]] during that period. Recent excavations at these sites have also provided samples of early Tamil writing, dating back to at least [[500 BC]] (''The Hindu'', 2005). [http://www.hindu.com/2005/02/17/stories/2005021704471300.htm] ===The classical period=== From around the [[3rd century BC]] onwards, three royal dynasties—the [[Cholas]], the [[Chera]]s and the [[Pandyan kingdom|Pandyas]]—rose to dominate the Tamil country. Each of these dynasties had its own realm within the Tamil-speaking region. Classical literature and contemporary [[inscription]]s also describe a number of ''vēlīr'', or smaller [[chieftain]]s, who collectively ruled over a large part of central [[Tamil Nadu]]. Wars between the kings and the chieftains were frequent, as were wars with [[Sri Lanka]], but these appear to have been fought to assert might and demand tribute, rather than to subjugate and annex those territories. The kings and chieftains were patrons of the arts, and a significant volume of literature exists from this period. The literature shows that many of the cultural practices that are considered peculiarly Tamil date back to the classical period. [[Agriculture]] was important during this period, and there is evidence that [[irrigation]] networks were built, including the [[Kallanai]] dam, considered to be one of the oldest dams still in use. The economy, however, was centred around [[foreign trade]], and there is evidence of significant contact with [[Europe]]. Large hoards of [[Roman currency|Roman coins]] and evidence of the presence of [[Roman commerce|Roman traders]] have been discovered at [[Karur]] and [[Arikamedu]], and there is evidence that at least two embassies were sent to the [[Roman Emperor]] [[Augustus]] by Pandya kings. [[sherd|Potsherds]] with Tamil writing have also been found in [[excavation]]s on the [[Red Sea]], suggesting the presence of Tamil [[merchant]]s there (Mahadevan 2003). An anonymous [[1st century]] traveler's account written in [[Greek language|Greek]], ''[[Periplus Maris Erytraei]]'', describes the [[port]]s of the Pandya and Chera [[monarchy|kingdom]]s and the trade with them in substantial detail, and indicates that the chief exports of the Tamils in those days were [[black pepper|pepper]], [[malabathrum]], [[pearl]]s, [[ivory]], [[silk]], [[spikenard]], [[diamond]]s, [[sapphires]], and [[tortoiseshell]] (Casson 1989). The classical period ended around the [[4th century]] AD with invasions by a northern people referred to as the ''kaḷvār'', who are described as coming from lands to the north of the Tamil country and being evil and oppressive rulers. This period, commonly referred to as the dark age of the Tamil country, ended with the rise of the imperial [[Pallava]] dynasty. ===The imperial and post-imperial periods=== [[Image:Temple Tangore 2.jpg|thumb|250px|Detail from a temple in [[Chidambaram]]. The Tamil kings were patrons of the arts, and built many ornate temples.]] Although the [[Pallava]]s are mentioned in records from the [[3rd century]], they did not rise to prominence as an imperial dynasty until the [[6th century]]. The dynasty does not appear to have been Tamil in origin, and, although they rapidly adopted Tamil ways and the [[Tamil language]], Tamil society was transformed during their reign. The Pallavas sought to model themselves after great northern dynasties such as the [[Mauryan Empire|Mauryas]] and [[Gupta Empire|Guptas]]. They therefore transformed the institution of the kingship into an imperial one, and sought for the first time to bring vast amounts of territory under their direct rule. The Pallavas also encouraged the growth of devotional worship centered around [[Shiva|Siva]] and [[Vishnu]], and began the culture of building large, ornate temples with many murals and sculptures. The [[caste system]] is thought to have been formalised and institutionalised during this period (Hart 1987). The [[Pallava]] dynasty was overthrown in the [[9th century]] by the resurgent [[Cholas]] and [[Pandyan kingdom|Pandyas]]. The Cholas become dominant in the [[10th century]] and established an empire covering most of southern India and Sri Lanka. The empire was sustained by strong trading links with [[China]] and [[Southeast Asia]]. The Cholas were the first dynasty in South India to possess a [[navy]] that went as far as Thailand, Burma and Sumatra. A major and successful naval campaign was conducted by the empire against the [[Srivijaya]] Empire as a result of trade disputes. Chola power declined in the [[12th century|12th]] and [[13th century|13th centuries]], and the Pandya dynasty enjoyed a brief period of resurgence thereafter, but repeated [[Islamic empires in India|Muslim invasions]] from the [[15th century]] onwards placed a huge strain on the empire's resources, and the dynasty came to an end in the [[16th century]] (Sastri 2002). [[Image:EttayapuramPalaceRemains.jpg|thumb|left|280px|The remains of a palace of Ettappan, a [[Nayak]] who ruled [[Ettayapuram]].]]No major empires arose thereafter, and Tamil Nadu was for a while ruled by a number of different local chiefs, such as the [[Nayak]]s of the present-day Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh regions. From the [[17th century]] onwards, European powers began establishing settlements and trading outposts in the region. A number of battles were fought between the [[United Kingdom|British]], [[France|French]] and [[Denmark|Danish]] in the [[18th century]], and by the end of the 18th century most of Tamil Nadu was under British rule. The western Tamil lands became increasingly politically distinct from the rest of the Tamil lands after the Chola and Pandya empires lost control over them in the 13th century. They developed their own distinct language and literature, which increasingly grew apart from Tamil, evolving into the modern [[Malayalam language]] by the 15th century (Chaitanya 1971). === Tamils in Sri Lanka === ''See also: [[History of Sri Lanka]]'' [[Image:Tamil man in mullaitivu.jpg|thumb|250px|A Tamil man in [[Sri Lanka]]]] There is little consensus on the history of the Tamil-speaking parts of [[Sri Lanka]] prior to the Chola period. The most radical Sinhalese historians argue that there was no organised Tamil presence in Sri Lanka until the invasions from southern [[India]] in the [[7th century]], whereas many Tamil historians contend that Tamils are the original inhabitants of the island. The historical evidence is not conclusive either way. A few poems from the [[Sangam]] period are attributed to a poet called "Pūtan̲r̲evan̲ār from īl̲am." Il̲am, also spelled [[Eelam]], is an old Tamil name for Sri Lanka, and this is generally used by Tamils as evidence that there were Tamil settlements in Sri Lanka at that time. Sinhalese historians, however, do not accept that and claim that there is no archaeological evidence of Tamil settlement in Sri Lanka until much later. Accounts from that period, whilst not offering conclusive evidence either way, demonstrate that Tamils fought wars against the Sinhalese kingdoms and occasionally ruled over parts of Sri Lanka, and served as counsellors to Sri Lankan kings from a fairly early date. It is, however, unclear whether these Tamils came from India or were native to Sri Lanka. The historical record does establish that the Tamil kingdoms of [[India]] were closely involved in Sri Lankan affairs from a very early date. There is evidence of Tamil traders in [[Anuradhapura]] quite early on. Tamil adventurers invaded the island as far back as [[75 BC]]. From the 7th century onwards, the empires of [[Tamil Nadu]] played a significant role in Sri Lankan politics, and there is concrete evidence of Tamil settlements in Sri Lanka during that period. Tamil wars against Sri Lanka culminated in the Chola annexation of the island in the [[10th century]], which lasted until the latter half of the [[11th century]]. The decline of [[Cholas|Chola]] power in Sri Lanka was followed by the re-establishment of the [[Polonnaruwa]] monarchy in the late 11th century. In [[1215]], the [[Arya Chakravarthi dynasty]] established an independent kingdom in the [[Jaffna]] peninsula and parts of northern Sri Lanka. The Arya Chakravarthi expansion into the south was halted by [[Alagakkonara]], a Tamil in the service of the Sinhalese monarch. Alagakkonara built a fortress at [[Kotte]], and held the Arya Chakravarthi army there while he defeated the invading fleet at [[Panadura]]. A descendent of Alagakkonara later became King of the Sinhalese, but this line was deposed by the [[Ming]] admiral [[Cheng Ho]] ([[Zheng He]]) in 1409. The Arya Chakravarthi dynasty ruled over large parts of northeast Sri Lanka until [[1619]], when it was conquered by the [[Portugal|Portuguese]]. The coastal areas of the island was then taken by the [[Netherlands|Dutch]], and in [[1796]] these became part of the [[British Empire]]. ===The modern period=== [[Image:Tamil brahmin couple circa 1945.jpg|thumb|A colonial-era photograph of a Tamil [[Brahmin]] couple.]] The British colonists consolidated the Tamil lands in southern India into the [[Madras Presidency]], which was integrated into [[British Raj|British India]]. Similarly, the Tamil parts of Sri Lanka were joined with the other regions of the island in [[1802]] to form the Ceylon colony. They remained in political union with [[India]] and [[Sri Lanka]] after their independence, in [[1947]] and [[1948]] respectively. When India became independent in [[1947]], Madras Presidency became Madras State, comprised of present-day Tamil Nadu, coastal [[Andhra Pradesh]], northern [[Kerala]], and the southwest coast of [[Karnataka]]. The state was subsequently split up along [[linguistics|linguistic]] lines. In [[1953]] the northern districts formed Andhra Pradesh. Under the [[States Reorganization Act]] in [[1956]], Madras State lost its western coastal districts. The [[Bellary]] and [[South Kanara]] districts were ceded to [[Mysore state]], and Kerala was formed from the [[Malabar]] district and the former [[princely state]]s of [[Travancore]] and [[Cochin]]. In [[1968]], Madras State was renamed ''[[Tamil Nadu]]''. There was some initial demand for an independent Tamil state following the adoption of the federal system. However, the [[Constitution of India|Indian constitution]] in practice granted significant autonomy to the states, and, protests by Tamils in [[1963]] led to the government adopting a new policy called the "[[three language formula in India|three language formula]]," which protects speakers of regional languages from the imposition of [[Hindi]]. This has led to Tamils in India becoming increasingly satisfied with the federal arrangement, and there is very little support for secession or independence today. In Sri Lanka, by contrast, the unitary arrangement led to the slow growth of a feeling amongst Tamils that they were being discriminated against by the [[Sinhalese]] majority. This resulted in a demand for [[federalism]], which in the 1970s grew into a movement for independence. The situation deteriorated into [[civil war]] in the early 1980s. A ceasefire has been in effect since [[2002]], and a final peace settlement is currently being negotiated. ==Geographic distribution== [[Image:Women farm workers in coimbatore.jpg|left|thumb|Farm workers in [[Coimbatore]].]] ===Tamils in India=== Most Indian Tamils live in the state of [[Tamil Nadu]], formerly the [[Madras Presidency]], which includes most of the historic Tamil lands and was created as a linguistic homeland for the Tamil people after they gained independence from [[Britain]] in [[1947]]. There are also Tamil communities in other parts of India. Most of these are fairly recent, dating to the colonial and post-colonial periods, but some—particularly the Hebbar and Mandyam Tamils of southern [[Karnataka]], the Tamils of [[Palakkad]] in [[Kerala]], and the Tamils of [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]]—date back to at least the medieval period. ===Tamils in Sri Lanka=== ''See also: [[Ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka]]'' [[Image:Teaplant40.jpg|thumb|300px|Most hill-country Tamils in Sri Lanka still work on tea plantations similar to this one near [[Nuwara Eliya]].]] There are today two groups of Tamils in Sri Lanka. The first are the ''Ceylon Tamils'', who are descended from the Tamils who lived in the old [[Jaffna]] kingdom or who migrated to the East coast. The second are the ''Indian Tamils'' or ''hill-country Tamils'', who are descended from [[indentured servant|bonded labourers]] sent from [[Tamil Nadu]] to Sri Lanka in the [[19th century]] to work in [[tea]] plantations there. Ceylon Tamils mostly live in the northern and eastern provinces, whereas hill-country Tamils largely live in the central highlands. The ''hill-country Tamils'' and ''Ceylon Tamils'' historically have seen themselves as separate communities. In 1949, the [[United National Party]] Government, which included [[GG Ponnabalam]], a leader of the [[Tamil Congress]] and of the ''Ceylon Tamils'', stripped the ''Indian Tamils'' of their nationality, including their right to vote. Under an agreement between the Sri Lankan and Indian governments in the 1960s, around 40% of hill-country Tamils were granted Sri Lankan nationality, and many of the remainder were repatriated to [[India]]. However, the ethnic conflict has led to the growth of a greater sense of common Tamil identity, and the two groups are now more supportive of each other (Suryanarayan 2001). By the 1990s most ''Indian tamils'' had received Sri Lankan citizenship. The late [[MG Ramachandran]], the [[Kollywood|Tamil film]] star, former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu and founder of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]], was an Indian born to [[Malayalee]] parents from Sri Lanka. Conversely, the late [[Saumyamurthy Thondaman]], the leader of the [[Ceylon Workers' Congress]], was born in India. There is also a significant Tamil-speaking [[Muslim]] population in [[Sri Lanka]]. Unlike Tamil-speaking Muslims from India, however, they do not identify themselves as ethnic Tamils and are therefore usually listed as a separate ethnic group in official statistics. Those of Indian origin (''Indian Moors'') are rarely listed separately from those of Sri Lankan origin. ===Tamil emigrant communities=== Mass Tamil emigration began in the 18th century, when many poor Tamils were sent as [[indentured servitude|bonded labourers]] to far-off parts of the [[British Empire]], especially [[Malaya]], [[South Africa]], [[Fiji]], [[Mauritius]] and the [[Caribbean]]. At about the same time, many Tamil businessmen also emigrated to other parts of the British Empire, particularly [[Burma]] and [[East Africa]]. Many Tamils still live in these countries, and the Tamil communities in [[Singapore]], [[Reunion Island]], [[Malaysia]] and [[Asians in South Africa|South Africa]] have retained much of their culture and language. Many Malaysian children attend Tamil schools, and a significant portion of Tamil children in Mauritius, Reunion and Singapore are brought up with [[Tamil language|Tamil]] as their first language. To preserve the [[Tamil language]], the Singapore government has made it a national language despite the fact that Tamils make up only about 4.2% of the population, and has also introduced compulsory instruction on the language for Tamils. Other Tamil communities, such as those existing in South Africa, no longer speak Tamil as a first language, but still retain a strong Tamil identity. A large emigration also began in the 1980s, as Sri Lankan Tamils sought to escape the ethnic conflict there. These recent emigrants have most often fled to [[Australia]], [[Europe]], [[North America]] and [[Southeast Asia]]. Today, the largest concentration of Tamils outside southern Asia is in [[Toronto]], [[Canada]]. Many young Tamil professionals from [[India]], particularly computer [[programmer]]s, have also emigrated to Europe and the [[United States]] in recent times in search of better opportunities. These new emigrant communities tend to be better integrated with their host communities than the older ones, and many of them have established cultural associations to protect and promote Tamil culture and language in their adopted homes. ==Culture==  ===Language and literature === ''Main articles: [[Tamil language]], [[Tamil literature]]'' Tamils have strong feelings towards the [[Tamil language]], which is often venerated in literature as "tamil̲an̲n̲ai," "the Tamil mother." It has historically been, and to large extent still is, central to the Tamil identity (Ramaswamy 1998). Like the other languages of [[South India]], it is a [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian language]], unrelated to the [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European languages]] of northern India. The language has been far less influenced by [[Sanskrit]] than the other Dravidian languages, and preserves many features of [[Proto-Dravidian]], though modern-day spoken Tamil, especially in Tamil Nadu, freely uses [[loanword]]s from Sanskrit and [[English language|English]]. Tamil literature is of considerable antiquity, and the language was recently recognised as a [[classical language]] by the [[government of India]]. Classical Tamil literature, which ranges from [[lyric poetry]] to works on [[poetics]] and [[ethics|ethical philosophy]], is remarkably different from contemporary and later literature in other Indian languages, and represents the oldest body of secular literature in [[South Asia]] (Hart 1975). Notable works in classical Tamil literature include the [[Tirukkural]] by [[Tiruvalluvar]], [[The Five Great Epics of Tamil Literature|the five great Tamil epics]] and the works of [[Auvaiyar]]. The written language has changed very little over the years, with the result that much of classical literature remains easily accessible to modern Tamils and continues to influence modern Tamil culture. Modern Tamil literature is considerably diverse, ranging from [[Indian Nationalism]] in the works of [[Subramanya Bharathy]], to historical romanticism in the works of [[Kalki Krishnamurthy]], to radical and more moderate [[social realism]] in the works of [[Pudhumaipithan]] and [[Jayakanthan]] respectively, to [[feminism]] in the works of [[Malathi Maithree]] and [[Kutti Revathi]]. [[Sujatha]], an author whose works range from [[romance novel]]s to [[science fiction]], is one of the most popular modern writers using the Tamil language. In more recent years, Sri Lankan Tamil literature has produced several powerful pieces reflecting the civilian tragedy caused by decades of war. There is also an emerging [[diaspora]] literature in Tamil. ===Visual art and architecture=== [[Image:Tanjore_Painting_Saraswati.jpg|thumb|150px|A [[Tanjore painting]] depicting [[Saraswati]].]]  Tamil [[visual art]] displays considerable unity across its three main forms, [[architecture]], [[sculpture]] and [[painting]], and is clearly situated within the South Asian artistic tradition. As with other South Asian art, Tamil art stresses the plasticity and fluidity of forms. Most traditional Tamil art is at least nominally religious, usually centred on [[Hinduism]], although the religious element is often only a means to represent universal—and, occasionally, [[humanism|humanist]]—themes (Coomaraswamy 1946). The classical art forms continue to be practiced, and therefore represent a living tradition. The most important form of Tamil painting is [[Tanjore painting]], which, as the name suggests, originated in Tanjore (now [[Thanjavur]]) in the [[9th century]]. The paintings are prepared on a base of cloth coated with [[zinc oxide]], over which the image is painted using dyes and decorated with semi-precious stones and gold or silver thread. A style which is related in origin, but which exhibits significant differences in execution, is used for painting [[mural]]s on temple walls, the most notable example being the murals on the [[Meenakshi temple|Mīn̲āṭci temple]] of [[Madurai]]. Tamil painting in general is known for its stylistic elegance, rich colours and attention to small details. [[Image:Gopuram-madurai.jpg|thumb|left|200px|A [[gopuram]] of the [[Meenakshi temple]] in [[Madurai]].]] Tamil [[sculpture]] is usually worked with [[bronze]] (using the [[lost wax]] technique) or stone (usually associated with temples), and surviving pieces date from the [[7th century]] onwards. Unlike most Western art, the material in Tamil sculpture does not influence the form taken by the sculpture; instead, the artist imposes his vision of the form on the material. As a result, one often sees in stone sculptures the sort of flowing forms that would normally be reserved for metal (Sivaram 1994). As with painting, these sculptures show a fine eye for detail, with great care being taken in sculpting minute details of jewellery worn by the subjects of the sculpture. The lines tend to be smooth and flowing, and many pieces capture movement with great skill. The cave sculptures at [[Mamallapuram]] are a particularly fine example of the technique, as are the bronzes of the [[Chola]] period. A particularly popular motif in the bronzes was the depiction of [[Shiva|Siva]] as [[Nataraja]], in a dance posture with one leg upraised and a fiery circular halo surrounding his entire body. Tamil [[temple]]s were often simply treated as sculptures on a grand scale. The temples are most notable for their high spires, known as [[Gopuram|Gopura]], consisting of a number of stepped levels, each with its own minature shrine. These spires tended to be simple and elegant and only sparsely adorned with sculpture in the earliest temples, but they became progressively more elaborate and ornate, as exemplified by the [[Brihadisvara Temple|Brihadīsvara temple]] of [[Thanjavur]]. From the [[13th century]] onwards, the entrance gates to the temples—called [[gopuram]]s in Tamil—also began to grow bigger and more elaborate. The temples at [[Chidambaram]] and [[Srirangam]] have particularly impressive gopurams, covered with sculptures and reliefs of various scenes and characters from [[Hindu mythology]] (Pillai 1976). As with [[Indian art]] in general, Tamil art does not traditionally aspire to [[portrait]]ure or [[realism]]. Much more emphasis is placed on the representation of ideal prototypes and on depicting the symbols with which the theme of the artistic work is associated. This means that small details, such as the direction which a hand faces, the animals or trees portrayed, or the time of day depicted, are often of critical importance to understanding the meaning of a work of art. ===Performing arts=== The traditional Tamil [[performing arts]] have ancient roots. The royal courts and [[temple]]s have been centres for the performing arts since at least the classical period, and descriptions of performances in classical Tamil literature and the ''[[Natya Shastra]]'', a Sanskrit treatise on the performing arts, indicate a close relationship between the ancient and modern artforms. Much like other Indian traditions, Tamil tradition stresses the unity of the various performance arts, and their symbiotic relationship with the [[visual arts]] and [[literature]]. The aim of a performance in Tamil tradition is to bring out the ''rasa''—the flavor, mood, or feeling—inherent in the text, and its quality is measured by the extent to which it induces the mood in the audience. Tamil shares a classical [[Music of Tamil Nadu|musical]] tradition, called [[carnatic music]], with the rest of [[South India]]. Carnatic music evolved from the ancient [[music]] forms of South India, some of which are recorded in classical Tamil literature, and was influenced by the musical theory of the ''Natya Shastra''. It is primarily oriented towards vocal music, with [[musical instrument|instruments]] functioning either as [[accompaniment]]s or imitating the role of the singer. Carnatic music is organized around the twin notions of melody types (''rāgam'') and cyclical rhythm types (''thāḷam''). Unlike the northern [[Hindustani music]] tradition, carnatic music is almost exclusively religious. In sharp contrast with the restrained and intellectual nature of carnatic music, Tamil [[folk music]] tends to be much more exuberant. Popular forms of Tamil folk music include the [[Villup Pattu|Villuppāṭṭu]], a form of music performed with a bow, and the [[Naattupurapaattu|Nāṭṭuppur̲appāṭṭu]], [[ballad]]s that convey [[folklore]] and folk history. [[Image:Bharathanatyam.jpg|frame|right|A [[Bharatanatyam]] dancer.]] The dominant classical [[dance]] amongst Tamils is [[Bharatanatyam]]. Bharatanatyam is performative rather than participative. A dance is an exposition of the story contained in a song, and is usually performed by one performer on stage, with an orchestra of drums, a drone, and one or more singers backstage. The story is told through a complicated combination of ''[[mudra]]s'' (hand gestures), facial expressions, and body posture. The dance form evolved from a specialized form of [[temple]]-dancing, and was only performed in temples until the [[1930s]]. Dancers used to be exclusively female, but the dance now also has several well-known male practitioners. Tamils also have a large number of [[folk dance]]s. The most celebrated of these is ''karakāṭṭam''. In its religious form, the dance is performed in front of an image of the goddess [[Mariamma]]. The dancer bears on his or her head a brass pot filled with uncooked rice, decorated with flowers and surrounded by a bamboo frame, and tumbles and leaps to the rhythm of a song without spilling a grain. Karakāṭṭam is usually performed to a special type of song known as ''temmanguppāṭṭu'' or ''thevar pāṭṭu'', a folk song in the mode of a lover speaking to his beloved, to the accompaniment of a [[nadaswaram]] and ''melam''. Other Tamil folk dances include ''mayilāṭṭam'', where the dancers tie a string of peacock feathers around their waist; ''ōyilāttam'', danced in a circle while waving small pieces of cloth of various colors; ''poykkāl kuthiraiyaaṭṭam,'' where the dancers use dummy horses; mān̲āṭṭam, where the dancers imitate the graceful leaping of [[deer]]; ''par̲aiyāṭṭam'', a dance to the sound of rhythmical drumbeats, and ''thīppandāṭṭam'', a dance involving playing with burning wooden torches. (Sharma 2004). Tamil dance is closely intertwined with the Tamil theatrical tradition. Most art forms include a blend of both. The ''kuravañci'' is a type of dance-drama, performed by four to eight women. The drama is opened by a woman playing the part of a female [[soothsayer]] of a wandering [[kurava]] tribe, who tells the story of a lady pining for her lover. The songs themselves have a lyrical beauty, which is amplified by the performance. The [[therukoothu|therukkūthu]] (which literally means "street play") is a form of village theater or folk opera. It is traditionally performed in [[village square]]s with no sets and very simple props. The performances involves [[song]]s and [[dance]]s, sometimes at the same time, and the stories can be either [[religion|religious]] or [[secularity|secular]]. The performances are not formal, and performers often interact with the audience, mocking them or involving them in the dialogue. Therukkūthu has in recent times been very successfully adapted to convey social messages, such as [[abstinence]] and anti-[[caste]] criticism, as well as information about legal rights, and has spread to other parts of India. The village of [[Melatur]] in [[Tamil Nadu]] has a special type of performance, called the [[bhagavatamela]], in honour of the local deity, which is performed once a year and lasts all night. Tamil Nadu also has a well developed stage theater tradition, which has been heavily influenced by western theatre. A number of theatrical companies exist, with repertoires includes [[absurdist fiction|absurdist]], [[realism|realist]] and [[comedy|humorous]] plays. Both classical and folk performing arts survive in modern Tamil society. The folk arts declined during the middle of the [[20th century]], but have seen a resurgence in recent years, particularly in southern Tamil Nadu, although their popularity continues to be largely confined to [[rural]] regions. The Tamil Nadu Folk Arts Society (or "''Tamil̲nāṭu iyalisai nāṭaka man̲r̲am''") is dedicated to the preservation and promotion of the folk arts, and has played a significant role in the continuance of the tradition. Tamil people in Tamil Nadu are also passionate about their [[film|cinema]]. The Tamil film industry, commonly dubbed [[Kollywood]], is the second-largest film industry in India. Tamil cinema is appreciated both for its technical accomplishments and for its artistic and entertainment value. ===Religion=== Most Tamils are [[Hindu]]s, but [[Islam]] and [[Christianity]] also have a long history in [[Tamil Nadu]]. According to popular legend, the last [[Chera]] king is said to have converted to Islam and travelled to [[Arabia]] to become a [[Sahaba|companion]] of [[Muhammad]], and the mother of one of the early [[Pallava]] kings is believed to have been [[Christian]]. Native Tamil Christianity was entirely replaced by European Christianity during the [[16th century]], and most Tamil Christians today are either [[Catholic]] or [[Protestant]]. [[Jainism]] was at one time a major religious force in Tamil Nadu, but it declined substantially during the [[Pallava]] period, and there are now only a few thousand [[Tamil Jain]]s. Tamil Hinduism, like other regional varieties of [[Hinduism]], has many peculiarities. The most popular deity is [[Murugan]], who has from a very early date been identified with [[Karthikeya]], the son of [[Shiva|Siva]], but who may in origin have been a different deity (Hart 1979), and has taken on a distinctly local character. The worship of [[Amman (goddess)|Amman]] or [[Mariamman]], thought to have been derived from an ancient [[mother goddess]], also is very common. [[Kannagi|Kan̲n̲agi]], the heroine of the [[Cilappatikaram|Cilappatikār̲am]], is worshipped as [[Pattini|Paṭṭin̲i]] by many Tamils, particularly in [[Sri Lanka]]. There are also many temples and devotees of [[Vishnu]], [[Shiva|Siva]], [[Ganapathi]], and the other common Hindu deities. And [[Ayyavazhi]], which officially is an offshoot of Hinduism, spread rapidly in the southern districts during the middle of the nineteenth century, especially in the region around [[Kanyakumari]] which at that time was a part of South [[Travancore]]. [[Saivism]], is particularly strong although most of its bases are in the North. Tamils have contributed greatly to [[Hinduism]]. The [[Bhakti]] tradition was started here and many historical events took place here. The [[Ramayana]] has many parts based in [[Tamil]] areas and according to legend many of [[Rama]]'s soldiers were Tamil. The [[Alvars]] and [[Nayanars]], who were predominantly Tamils, played a key role in the renaissance of [[Bhakti]] tradition in [[South India]]. In the [[10th century]], the philosopher [[Ramanuja]] who propagated the theory of [[Vishishtadvaita|Visishtadvaitam]] brought lot of changes to worshiping practices, creating new regulations on temple worship and accepting lower-caste Hindus as his prime disciples. Other notable Tamil spiritualists include [[Jothi Ramalinga Swamigal|Vallalar]], [[Ramana Maharshi]], and the [[Siddhar]]s, a group of [[yoga|yogic]] practitioners. The system of [[Siddha]] medicine is also associated with Tamil [[Shaivism]]. The most important Tamil festivals are [[Pongal]], a [[harvest festival]] that occurs in mid-[[January]], and [[Varudapirappu|varuḍapir̲appu]], the Tamil [[New Year]], which occurs around mid-[[April]]. Both are celebrated by almost all Tamils, regardless of religion. Important Tamil Hindu festivals include [[Diwali]] and [[Thaipusam]]. [[Kolam]], a type of drawing made in front of one's house with rice flour, is a typical characteristic of Tamil Hinduism. The indigenous religion of rural [[Tamil Nadu]] has many local deities called [[aiyyanar|aiyyan̲ārs]], who are thought to be the spirits of local heroes who protect the village from harm. Their worship often centers around [[nadukkal|naḍukkals]], stones erected in memory of heroes who died in battle. This form of worship is mentioned frequently in classical literature and appears to be the surviving remnants of an ancient Tamil tradition. Many holy places exist in [[Tamil Nadu]] and [[Sri Lanka]], including [[Rameshwaram]], [[Kanyakumari]] and other temples. One of the only temples dedicated to [[Parashurama]] is in [[Tamil Nadu]]. ===Martial arts=== [[Image:Verumkai.jpg|frame|left|''Verumkai'', unarmed fighting techniques in [[Kalarippayattu|Kalariaṭṭam]].]] According to Tamil legend, the [[Cholas|Chola]], [[Chera]] and [[Pandyan kingdom|Pandya]] kings fought a hundred-year war at the beginning of the [[1st century]], during which they perfected the art of fighting. Four [[martial arts]] are believed to have evolved from this, [[Kalarippayattu]], [[Silambam Nillaikalakki]], [[maankombukkalai]] and [[Varma Kalai]], all of which are still practised today in parts of [[Tamil Nadu]] and [[Kerala]]. Silambam Nillaikalakki is the art of [[Staff (stick)|staff]] combat, and uses a staff 1.6 metres long. Its techniques were designed to enable a person to use a traveller's walking-staff to defend himself against an attack by several enemies. Its techniques focus on using the staff without stopping its movement, and synchronising staff, foot and body motion. [[Varma Kalai]] is a martial art which trains people to attack the vital points of an opponent's body with hands or weapons. maankombukkalai involves fighting with a weapon made from the [[antler]]s of a [[stag]] tipped with metal. [[Kalarippayattu]] focus on all aspects of fighting, including unarmed combat and combat with wooden and metal weapons. The Kalarippayattu tradition is strongest in Kerala, where it is known as ''Kalaripayattu''. The ancient Tamil art of unarmed [[bullfighting]], popular amongst warriors in the classical period, has also survived in parts of [[Tamil Nadu]], notably [[Alanganallur]] near [[Madurai]], where it is known as [[Jallikattu|Jallikaṭṭu]] or ''mañcuviraṭṭu'' and is held once a year around the time of the [[Pongal]] festival. ==Institutions== Because Tamils have been spread over several countries for much of their history, there are few formal pan-Tamil institutions. The most important national institutions for Tamils have been the governments of the states where they live, particularly the [[government of Tamil Nadu]] and the [[Politics of Sri Lanka|government of Sri Lanka]], which have collaborated in developing technical and scientific terminology in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and promoting its use since the 1950s. Politics in Tamil Nadu is dominated by the [[Self-respect Movement]] (also called the Dravidian movement), a movement founded by [[Periyar Ramasami|E.V. Ramasami]], popularly known as Periyar, to promote [[self-esteem|self-respect]] and [[rationalism]], and to fight [[caste]]ism and the oppression of the lowest castes. Every major political party in Tamil Nadu bases its ideology on the Self-respect Movement, and the national political parties play a very small role in Tamil politics. [[Image:Worldtamilsnationalflag.gif|frame|The Tamil flag adopted by the World Tamil Confederation to represent Tamil people everywhere.]] In [[Sri Lanka]], Tamil politics was dominated by the federalist movements, led by the Federal Party (later the [[Tamil United Liberation Front]]), until the early 1980s. In the 1980s, the political movement was largely succeeded by a violent military campaign conducted by several militant groups. The [[Tamil Tigers|Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam]] emerged as the most important force amongst these groups in the 1990s, and is currently negotiating a final settlement with the government. The LTTE controls portions of Sri Lanka, and has attempted to establish its own government there, which it calls the government of [[Tamil Eelam]]. In the [[1960s]], the government of [[Tamil Nadu]] held a [[World Tamil Conference]], and have continued to meet periodically since then. In 1999, a [[World Tamil Confederation]] was established to protect and foster Tamil culture and further a sense of togetherness amongst Tamils in different countries. The Confederation has since adopted a [[Tamil flag]] and Tamil song [http://www.thenseide.com/ulagathamizhar-eng/pann.htm] to act as trans-national symbols for the Tamil people; the words on the flag quote the opening line of a poem by the classical poet Kanian Poongundranaar, and mean "''All lands are our home; all people are our kin.''" ==See also== * [[Tamil language]] * [[Tamil literature]] * [[Tamil Nadu]] * [[Tamil Jain]]s * [[Dravidian race|Dravidian people]] * [[Ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka]] * [[Self-respect movement]] * [[List of people from Tamil Nadu]] ==References== * Bowers, F. (1956). ''Theatre in the East - A Survey of Asian Dance and Drama''. New York: Grove Press. * Casson, L. (1989). ''The Periplus Maris Erythraei: Text with Introduction, Translation and Commentary''. Princeton, Princeton University Press. ISBN 0691040605. * Chaitanya, Krishna (1971). ''A history of Malayalam literature''. New Delhi: Orient Longman. ISBN 8125004882. * Coomaraswamy, A.K. (1946). ''Figures of Speech or Figures of Thought''. London: Luzac & Co. * Gadgil, M. & Joshi, N.V. & Shambu Prasad, U.V. & Manoharan, S. & Patil, S. (1997). "Peopling of India." In D. Balasubramanian and N. Appaji Rao (eds.), ''The Indian Human Heritage'', pp.100-129. Hyderabad: Universities Press. ISBN 8173711283. * Hart, G.L. (1975). ''The Poems of Ancient Tamil: Their Milieu and their Sanskrit Counterparts''. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0520026721. * Hart, G.L. (1979). "The Nature of Tamil Devotion." In M.M. Deshpande and P.E. Hook (eds.), ''Aryan and Non-Aryan in India'', pp. 11-33. Michigan: Ann Arbor. ISBN 0891480145. * Hart, G.L. (1987). "Early Evidence for Caste in South India." In P. Hockings (ed.), ''Dimesions of Social Life: Essays in honor of David B. Mandelbaum''. Berlin: Mouton Gruyter. * Mahadevan, Iravatham (2003). ''Early Tamil Epigraphy from the Earliest Times to the Sixth Century A.D. Cambridge, Harvard University Press''. ISBN 0674012275. * Parpola, Asko (1974). "On the protohistory of the Indian languages in the light of archaeological, linguistic and religious evidence: An attempt at integration." In van Lohuizen, J.E. de Leeuw & Ubaghs, J.M.M. (eds.), ''South Asian Archaeology 1973'', pp. 90-100. Leiden: E.J. Brill. * Parpola, Asko (2003). ''Deciphering the Indus script'' (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521795664. * Pillai, Suresh B. (1976). ''Introduction to the study of temple art''. Thanjavur: Equator and Meridian. * Ramaswamy, Sumathi (1998). ''Passions of the Tongue: language devotion in Tamil India 1891-1970''. Delhi: Munshiram. ISBN 8121508517. * Sastri, K.S. Ramaswamy (2002). ''The Tamils: The People, Their History and Culture'', Vol. 1: ''An Introduction to Tamil History and Society''. New Delhi: Cosmo Publications. ISBN 8177554069. * Sharma, Manorama (2004). ''Folk India: A Comprehensive Study of Indian Folk Music and Culture'', Vol. 11: ''Tamil Nadu and Kerala''. New Delhi: Sundeep Prakashan. ISBN 8175741414. * Sivaram, Rama (1994). ''Early Chola Art: Origin and Emergence of Style''. New Delhi: Navrang. ISBN 8170130794. * {{Citenewsauthor | surname=Subramanian | given=T.S. | title=`Rudimentary Tamil-Brahmi script' unearthed at Adichanallur | date=16 Feb 2005 | org=The Hindu | url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/02/17/stories/2005021704471300.htm}} * Suryanarayan, V. (2001). [http://www.flonnet.com/fl1816/18160950.htm "In search of a new identity"], ''Frontline'' 18(2). * Swaminatha Iyer, S.S. (1910). ''A Brief History of the Tamil Country'', Part 1: ''The Cholas''. Tanjore: G.S. Maniya. * Varadpande, M.L. (1992). ''Loka Ranga: Panorama of Indian Folk Theatre''. New Delhi: Abhinav Publications. ISBN 8170172780. * Wells, Spencer (2002). ''The Journey of Man: A Genetic Odyssey''. Princeton University Press. * Zvebil, K. (1974). ''The Smile of Murugan: On Tamil Literature of South India''. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 9004035915. ===Population data=== All population data has been taken from [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=tam Ethnologue], with the exception of the data for Sri Lanka, which was taken from the [[CIA World Factbook]]'s Sri Lanka [http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ce.html page]. ==External links== * [http://www.tamilnation.org/diaspora/index.htm Tamil Diaspora - a Trans State Nation] *[http://www.tamilink.org.uk/ A Tamil human rights news portal] * [http://www.tamilnation.org/heritage/index.htm Tamils - An Ancient People] * [http://murugan.org/research/sivasupramaniam.htm History of Tamil Diaspora] *[http://www.genocide.org.uk/ Genocide of Tamils in Sri Lanka] * [http://www.intamm.com/infopool.htm Information about Tamil people and culture] * [http://www.hindunet.org/hindu_history/ancient/aryan/aryan_frawley_1.html The Aryan-Dravidian Controversy], an article by David Frawley. * [http://micheldanino.voiceofdharma.com/tamilculture.html Vedic roots of early Tamil culture], by Michel Danino. * [http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Ithaca/1335/Anthro/sud_afr.html The Sudroid (Indo-African) Race] * [http://www.tamilvu.org/coresite/html/cwvideo.htm A video gallery of Tamil arts and culture] [[Category:Tamil people|*]] [[Category:Tamil language|People, Tamil]] [[en:Tamil people]] [[ta:தமிழர்]] [[de:Tamilen]] [[he:טמילים]] [[ka:ტამილები]] [[nb:Tamiler]] [[nn:Tamilar]] [[fi:Tamilit]] [[zh:泰米尔人]] විකිපීඩියා 1686 4785 2005-12-26T17:31:23Z Natkeeran 49 [[Image:Wikipedia-logo.png|150px|right|thumb|The [[Wikipedia logo|''Wikipedia'' logo]].]] '''Wikipedia''' (pronounced as {{IPA|[ˌwiˑkiˈpidi.ə]}} or {{IPA|[ˌwɪki-]}}, also {{IPA|[-ɐ]}}) is a multilingual [[World Wide Web|Web]]-based [[Free content|free-content]] [[encyclopedia]]. Wikipedia is written collaboratively by [[volunteer]]s, allowing articles to be changed by anyone with access to a web browser. The project began on [[January 15]] [[2001]] as a complement to the expert-written [[Nupedia]], and is now operated by the [[Non-profit organization|non-profit]] [[Wikimedia|Wikimedia Foundation]]. Wikipedia has more than 2,550,000 articles, including more than 880,000 in the English-language version. Since its inception, Wikipedia has steadily risen in popularity,{{ref|Popularity}} and its success has spawned several [[#Sister projects|sister projects]]. Wikipedia is regularly cited by both the [[mass media]] and [[academia]], sometimes critically, and sometimes to praise it for its free distribution, editing, and diverse coverage. Editors are encouraged to uphold a policy of "[[neutral point of view]]" under which notable perspectives are summarized without an attempt to determine an [[objectivity (journalism)|objective]] truth. But Wikipedia's status as a [[reference]] work has been controversial. Its open nature allows [[vandalism]], inaccuracy, inconsistency, uneven quality, and unsubstantiated opinions. It has also been [[Criticism of Wikipedia|criticised]] for [[systemic bias]], preference of [[consensus]] to [[credentials]], and a perceived lack of accountability and authority when compared with traditional encyclopedias. There are over 200 [[language]] editions of Wikipedia, around 100 of which are active. Eleven editions have more than 50,000 articles each: [[English Wikipedia|English]], [[German Wikipedia|German]], [[French Wikipedia|French]], [[Japanese Wikipedia|Japanese]], [[Polish Wikipedia|Polish]], [[Italian Wikipedia|Italian]], [[Swedish Wikipedia|Swedish]], [[Dutch Wikipedia|Dutch]], [[Portuguese Wikipedia|Portuguese]], [[Spanish Wikipedia|Spanish]] and [[Chinese Wikipedia|Chinese]]. Its German-language edition has been distributed on [[DVD-ROM]], and many of its other editions are [[Mirror (computing)|mirrored]] or have been [[Fork (software)|forked]] by [[website]]s. ==Characteristics== [[Image:Www.wikipedia.org screenshot.png|250px|thumb|right|Detail of Wikipedia's multilingual portal at http://www.wikipedia.org. Here, the project's largest language editions are shown.]] Wikipedia's slogan is "The Free Encyclopedia that anyone can edit", and the project is described by its founder [[Jimmy Wales]] as "an effort to create and distribute a free encyclopedia of the highest possible quality to every single person on the planet in their own language."{{ref|WalesGoal}} It is developed on the wikipedia.org website using a type of [[computer software|software]] called a "[[wiki]]", a term originally used for the [[Portland Pattern Repository|WikiWikiWeb]] and derived from the [[Hawaiian language|Hawaiian]] ''Wiki Wiki'', which means "quick". Wales intends that Wikipedia should achieve a "''[[Encyclopædia Britannica|Britannica]]'' or better" quality and be published in print. Several other [[Internet encyclopedia project|encyclopedia projects]] exist or have existed on the [[Internet]]. Traditional editorial policies and article ownership are used in some, such as the expert-written ''[[Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]]'' and the now-defunct ''[[Nupedia]]''. More casual websites such as [[H2G2|h2g2]] or [[Everything2]] serve as general guides, the articles of which are written and controlled by individuals. Projects such as Wikipedia, [[Susning.nu]], and the ''[[Enciclopedia Libre]]'' are wikis in which articles are developed by numerous authors, and there is no formal process of review. Wikipedia has become the largest such encyclopedic wiki by article and word-count. Unlike many encyclopedias, it has licensed its content under the [[GNU Free Documentation License]]. Wikipedia has a set of policies identifying types of information appropriate for inclusion. These policies are often cited in disputes over whether particular content should be added, revised, transferred to a sister project, or removed. ===Free-content=== The GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL), the license through which Wikipedia's articles are made available, is one of many "[[copyleft]]" [[copyright]] licenses that permit the redistribution, creation of [[derivative work]]s, and commercial use of content provided its authors are attributed and this content remains available under the GFDL. When an author contributes original material to the project, the [[copyright]] over it is retained with them, but they agree to make the work available under the GFDL. Material on Wikipedia may thus be distributed to, or incorporated from, resources which also use this license. Wikipedia's content has been mirrored or forked by hundreds of resources from database dumps. Although all text is available under the GFDL, a significant percentage of Wikipedia's images and sounds are non-free. Items such as [[corporate logo]]s, song samples, or copyrighted news photos are used with a claim of [[fair use]]. Material has also been given to Wikipedia under no-[[Derivative work|derivative]] or for-Wikipedia-only conditions.{{ref|NonFreeImg}} However, some editions only accept free media. Wikipedia has been used by the media, academics, and others as a reference or supplement. News organizations have referred to Wikipedia articles as sources or in sidebars containing related information on the Web, some regularly.{{ref|Lih}} According to lists maintained by Wikipedia's editors, its articles have been cited most frequently in the [[news media]].{{ref|UsePress}} Less frequently, it has been used in academic studies, books, conferences, and court cases. For instance, the [[Parliament of Canada]] website refers to Wikipedia's article on [[same-sex marriage]] in the "further reading" list of [[Bill C-38]].{{ref|C38}} Noncomprehensive lists of such uses are maintained by ''Wikipedians''. {{ref|Wikipedia_as_a_source}} ===Language editions=== [[Image:Wikipedia growth.png|thumb|300px|Wikipedia's growth has been approximately [[Exponential_growth|exponential]] in several of the major language editions.]] Wikipedia encompasses 119 "active" language editions as of [[March 2005]].{{ref|LangCount}} Its five largest editions are, in descending order, [[English Wikipedia|English]], [[German Wikipedia|German]], [[French Wikipedia|French]], [[Japanese Wikipedia|Japanese]], and [[Polish Wikipedia|Polish]]. In total, Wikipedia contains 205 language editions of varying states with a combined 2.6 million articles.{{ref|AllLangArticles}} Language editions operate independently of one another. Editions are not bound to the content of other language editions, and are only held to global policies such as "neutral point of view". Articles and images are nonetheless shared between Wikipedia editions, the former through pages to request translations organized on many of the larger language editions, and the latter through the [[Wikimedia Commons]] repository. Translated articles represent only a small portion of articles in any edition.{{ref|LangTrans}} The following is a list of the larger editions, sorted by number of articles as of [[18 December]] [[2005]]. (The article count, however, is a very limited metric for comparing the editions. For instance, in some Wikipedia versions nearly half of the articles are [[Wikipedia:Stub|stubs]] which were created automatically by [[Wikipedia:Bot|robots]].) {{ref|ListOfLangEditions}} [[Image:He-Wikipedia.png|right|thumb|330px|An example of Wikipedia's range in language editions; Wikipedia in Hebrew.]] #[[English Wikipedia|English]] ({{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}) #[[German Wikipedia|German]] (329,457) #[[French Wikipedia|French]] (207,851) #[[Japanese Wikipedia|Japanese]] (165,149) #[[Polish Wikipedia|Polish]] (148,963) #[[Italian Wikipedia|Italian]] (126,929) #[[Swedish Wikipedia|Swedish]] (122,207) #[[Dutch Wikipedia|Dutch]] (113,810) #[[Portuguese Wikipedia|Portuguese]] (88,409) #[[Spanish Wikipedia|Spanish]] (80,213) #[[Chinese Wikipedia|Chinese]] (50,168) #[[Russian Wikipedia|Russian]] (49,338) #[[Norwegian Wikipedia|Norwegian Bokmål]] (44,576) #[[Finnish Wikipedia|Finnish]] (41,602) #[[Danish Wikipedia|Danish]] (35,931) ==Editing== [[Image:History comparison example.png|thumb|250px|right|Editors keep track of changes to articles by checking the difference between two revisions of a page, displayed here in red.]] Almost all visitors may edit Wikipedia's articles, and registered users can create new ones and have their changes instantly displayed. Wikipedia is built on the expectation that collaboration among users will improve articles over time, in much the same way that [[Open source|open-source software]] develops. Further, this real-time, collaborative model allows rapid updating of existing topics and introduction of new topics. Its authors need not have any expertise or formal qualifications in the subjects which they edit, and users are warned that their contributions may be "edited mercilessly and redistributed at will" by anyone who so wishes. Its articles are not controlled by any particular user or editorial group. Decision-making on the content and editorial policies of Wikipedia is instead done by [[Consensus decision-making|consensus]] and occasionally by vote. [[Jimmy Wales]] retains final judgement on Wikipedia policies and user guidelines.{{ref|Structure}} By the nature of its [[openness]], "edit wars" and prolonged disputes often occur when editors do not agree.{{ref|EditWar}} A few members of its community have explained its editing process as a collaborative work, a "[[Social Darwinism|socially Darwinian]] [[Evolution|evolutionary]] process"{{ref|WikiExp}}, but this is not generally considered by the community to be an accurate self-description. Articles are always subject to editing, unless the article is protected for a short time due to vandalism or revert wars; therefore, Wikipedia does not declare any article finished. Some users attempt to enter malicious or amusing but irrelevant information, but changes of this sort are normally removed quickly. Regular users often maintain a 'watchlist' of articles of interest to them, so that they are immediately shown which of these articles have changed since their last log in. This allows monitoring of daily editing to prevent false information and spam, and also to keep up with other editors' views, or updates, of the subjects on the watchlist. Because of the Wiki-principle, all edits of a Wikipedia article are kept in an edit history which can be looked at by everyone. Therefore, Wikipedia is also the first major encyclopedia ever where everybody can see how an article evolved over time and if, how and where the content of an article was controversial. All controversial standpoints which were once voiced and afterwards deleted and even plain page vandalism remain visible for everyone and provide additional information about the article's topic and its degree of controversy and add the dimension of time to every article. == Distribution == Wikipedia content is being distributed in several ways. In addition to the main Web site at ''wikipedia.org'', its content is mirrored on many other web servers. Aside from distribution in online form, printed and print-ready versions of Wikipedia gain popularity. So called [[WikiReader]]s have been started by German Wikipedia in late February 2004 with Thomas Karcher's WikiReader about [[Sweden]] being the first. German WikiReaders about Sweden, [[Nauru]], and [[Internet]] are available in print form from http://www.wikireader.de and several others as print-ready [[PDF]] files with printed versions in preparation for sale. Following this example, WikiReader projects have been initiated from Chinese, English, French, and Polish Wikipedians. Also in preparation is a collection of paperback books by [http://wikipress.wikidev.net/ WikiPress] with [[November 1]] [[2005]] as planned release date. CD and DVD versions of Wikipedia are also available. The German Wikipedia project was the first with a shipped release in 2004, being currently in its second edition (ISBN 3-89853-020-5). The English Wikipedia is expected to follow at the end of 2005.{{ref|WikipediaCD}} The Wikipedia is currently available for [[handhelds]] in the following languages: English, German, Spanish, French, Polish, Italian and Esperanto. The reader software [[TomeRaider]] required to access the Wikipedia data files is shareware (around $20 as of Nov. 2005). The data files themselves can be downloaded free of charge from the Wikipedia [http://download.wikimedia.org/tomeraider/current_tr3/ download area], purchased on CD, or compiled using conversion scripts. [http://members.chello.nl/epzachte/Wikipedia/ Instructions] can be found on the page of the script author Erik Zachte. On most handhelds the huge size of the Wikipedia data files requires an extension card. == History == {{main|History of Wikipedia}} [[Image:NupediaLogo.jpg|thumb||250px|Wikipedia "originated" from ''[[Nupedia]]''.]] Wikipedia began as a complementary project of ''[[Nupedia]]'', a free online encyclopedia project whose articles were written by experts through a formal process. Nupedia was founded on [[9 March]] [[2000]] under the ownership of [[Bomis|Bomis, Inc]], a Web portal company. Its principal figures were [[Jimmy Wales]], Bomis [[CEO]], and [[Larry Sanger]], [[editor-in-chief]] for Nupedia and later Wikipedia. Nupedia was described by Sanger as differing from existing encyclopedias in being [[open content]]; not having size limitations, as it was on the [[Internet]]; and being free of bias, due to its public nature and potentially broad base of contributors.{{ref|SangerNupediaPurpose}} Nupedia had a seven-step review process by appointed subject-area experts, but was later widely viewed as too slow for producing a limited number of articles. Funded by Bomis, there were initial plans to recoup its investment by the use of advertisements.{{ref|NupediaAds}} It was licensed under its own Nupedia Open Content License initially, switching to the GNU Free Documentation License prior to Wikipedia's founding at the urging of [[Richard Stallman]]. [[Image:WikipediaHomePage30March200.png|thumb|300px|right|Wikipedia's English edition on [[March 20]], [[2001]], two and a half months after its founding.]] On January 10, 2001, Larry Sanger proposed on the Nupedia mailing list to create a wiki alongside Nupedia. Under the subject "Let's make a wiki", he wrote: <blockquote> No, this is not an indecent proposal. It's an idea to add a little feature to Nupedia. Jimmy Wales thinks that many people might find the idea objectionable, but I think not. (...) As to Nupedia's use of a wiki, this is the ULTIMATE "open" and simple format for developing content. We have occasionally bandied about ideas for simpler, more open projects to either replace or supplement Nupedia. It seems to me wikis can be implemented practically instantly, need very little maintenance, and in general are very low-risk. They're also a potentially great source for content. So there's little downside, as far as I can see. [http://web.archive.org/web/20030414014355/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html] </blockquote> Wikipedia was formally launched on [[15 January]] [[2001]], as a single English-language edition at wikipedia.com, and announced by Sanger on the Nupedia mailing list. [http://web.archive.org/web/20010506042824/www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000684.html] It had been, from [[10 January]], a feature of Nupedia.com in which the public could write articles that could be incorporated into Nupedia after review. It was relaunched off-site after Nupedia's Advisory Board of subject experts disapproved of its production model.{{ref|SangerAB}} Wikipedia thereafter operated as a standalone project without control from Nupedia. Its policy of "neutral point-of-view" was codified in its initial months, though it is similar to Nupedia's earlier "nonbias" policy. There were otherwise few rules initially. Wikipedia gained early contributors from Nupedia, [[Slashdot]] postings, and [[search engine]] indexing. It grew to approximately 20,000 articles among 18 language editions by the end of its first year. It had 26 language editions by the end of 2002, 46 by the end of 2003, and 161 by the end of 2004.{{ref|HistLangCount}} Nupedia and Wikipedia coexisted until the former's servers went down, permanently, in 2003, and its text was incorporated into Wikipedia. Wales and Sanger attribute the concept of using a wiki to [[Ward Cunningham]]'s WikiWikiWeb or [[Portland Pattern Repository]]. Wales mentioned that he heard the concept first from Jeremy Rosenfeld, an employee of Bomis who showed him the same wiki, in [[December 2000]],{{ref|WalesRosenfeld}} but it was after Sanger heard of its existence from Ben Kovitz, a regular at this wiki, in [[January 2001]],{{ref|SangerKovitz}} and proposed a creation of a wiki for Nupedia to Wales that Wikipedia's history started. Under a similar concept of free content, though not wiki production, the [[GNUPedia]] project existed alongside Nupedia early in its history. It subsequently became inactive and its creator, [[free software|free-software]] figure [[Richard Stallman]], lent his support to Wikipedia.{{ref|Stallman}} Citing fear of commercial advertising and lack of control in a perceived English-centric Wikipedia, users of the [[Spanish Wikipedia|Spanish Wikipedia]] forked from Wikipedia to create the ''[[Enciclopedia Libre]]'' in [[February 2002]]. Later that year, Wales announced that Wikipedia would not display [[Advertising|advertisements]], and moved its website to wikipedia.org. Projects have since forked from Wikipedia's content for editorial reasons, such as [[Wikinfo]], which abandoned "neutral point-of-view" in favor of multiple complementary articles written from a "sympathetic point-of-view." From Wikipedia and Nupedia, the Wikimedia Foundation was created on [[June 20]], [[2003]].{{ref|Wikimedia}} Wikipedia and its sister projects thereafter operated under this [[non-profit organization]]. Wikipedia's first sister project, "In Memoriam: September 11 Wiki" had been created in [[October 2002]] to detail the [[September 11, 2001 attacks]]; [[Wiktionary]], a dictionary project, was launched in [[December 2002]]; [[Wikiquotes]], a collection of quotes, a week after Wikimedia launched; and [[Wikibooks]], a collection of collaboratively-written free books, the next month. Wikimedia has since started a number of other projects, detailed below. Wikipedia has traditionally measured its status by article count. In its first two years, it grew at a few hundred or less new articles per day. The English Wikipedia reached a 100,000 article milestone on [[January 22]], [[2003]]. In 2004, its article growth rate was approximately 1,000 to 3,000 per day in all editions. In the English edition it reached 500,000 articles on [[February 25]], [[2004]].{{ref|HalfMillion}} Wikipedia reached its one millionth article among 105 language editions on [[September 20]], [[2004]].{{ref|WikimediaMillion}} The brand ''Wikipedia'' has been [[trademark]]ed in the [[European Union]] (January 20th 2005), [[Japan]] (December 16th, 2004) and the [[USA]] (September 14th, 2004) in the area "Provision of [[information]] in the field of general encyclopedic knowledge via the [[Internet]]" by the Wikimedia Foundation. There are currently plans to license the usage of the Wikipedia trademark for some products like [[book]]s or [[DVD]]s. [http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/ew/2005/12/05/stories/2005120500070100.htm] Details are described on [[meta:Wikimedia trademarks]]. ===Software and hardware=== [[Image:Floridaserversfront1.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Wikipedia receives over 1000 page views per second. Around 100 servers have been set up to handle the traffic.]] Wikipedia is run by [[MediaWiki]] [[free software]] on a cluster of dedicated servers located in [[Florida]] and three other locations around the world. MediaWiki is Phase III of the program's software. Originally, Wikipedia ran on [[UseModWiki]] by [[Clifford Adams]] (Phase I). At first it required [[CamelCase]] for links; later it was also possible to use double brackets. Wikipedia began running on a [[PHP]] [[wiki software|wiki engine]] with a [[MySQL]] [[database]] in January 2002. This software, Phase II, was written specifically for the Wikipedia project by Magnus Manske. Several rounds of modifications were made to improve performance in response to increased demand. Ultimately, the software was rewritten again, this time by Lee Daniel Crocker. Instituted in July 2002, this Phase III software was called MediaWiki. It was licensed under the [[GNU General Public License]] and used by all Wikimedia projects. Wikipedia was served from a single server until 2003, when the server setup was expanded into an [[n-tier]] distributed architecture. In January 2005, the project ran on 39 dedicated servers located in [[Florida]]. This configuration included a single master database server running [[MySQL]], multiple slave database servers, 21 web servers running the [[Apache HTTP Server|Apache]] software, and seven [[Squid cache]] servers. By September 2005, its server cluster had grown to around 100 servers in four locations around the world. Page requests are processed by first passing to a front-end layer of [[Squid cache|Squid caching]] servers. Requests that cannot be served from the Squid cache are sent to two load-balancing servers running the [[Perlbal]] software, which then pass the request to one of the Apache web servers for page-rendering from the database. The web servers serve pages as requested, performing page rendering for all the Wikipedias. To increase speed further, rendered pages for anonymous users are cached in a filesystem until invalidated, allowing page rendering to be skipped entirely for most common page accesses. Wikimedia has begun building a global network of [[Squid cache|caching servers]] with the addition of three such servers in [[France]]. A new Dutch cluster is also online now. In spite of all this, Wikipedia page load times remain quite variable. The ongoing status of Wikipedia's website is posted by users at a [http://openfacts.berlios.de/index-en.phtml?title=Wikipedia_Status status page] on [[OpenFacts]]. [[Image:Wikimedia.png|thumb|right|130px|Wikimedia's Logo]] ==Sister projects== Wikipedia has sister projects that fulfill non-encyclopedic roles. All of them are [[multilingual]], [[free content]] [[wiki|wikis]] administered by the [[Wikimedia|Wikimedia Foundation]]. These include: *[[Wikibooks|Wikibooks]], for free [[textbook|textbooks]]; *[[Wikinews|Wikinews]], for free [[news]]; *[[Wikiquote|Wikiquote]], a free anthology of [[quotations|quotations]]; *[[Wikisource|Wikisource]], a free [[library]]; *[[Wikispecies|Wikispecies]], a free directory of life; *and [[Wiktionary|Wiktionary]], a free [[dictionary]]. In addition, two special projects serve ''all'' of the sister projects (including Wikipedia) in all of their languages at once. These are: #the [[Wikimedia Commons]], which is a shared media repository (images, sound, video) that can be utilized by all [[Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia]] wikis; #and the [[Meta-Wiki|Wikimedia Meta-Wiki]] for coordination and planning across all projects. ==Alternative spellings== Here is a list of alternate spellings for Wikipedia according to the language editions: *ويكيبيديا - [[:ar:|Arabic]] *Uichipedia - [[:roa-rup:|Aromanian]] *Vicipéid - [[:ga:|Irish]] *Vikipedio - [[:eo:|Esperanto]] *Vikipedi - [[:tr:|Turkish]] *Viquipèdia - [[:ca:|Catalan]] *Vicipaedia - [[:la:|Latin]] *Wicipedia - [[:cy:|Welsh]] *Wikipédia - [[:fr:|French]], [[:pt:|Portuguese]], [[:hu:|Hungarian]] *Wikipedia - English, [[:br:|Breton]], [[:da:|Danish]], [[:nl:|Dutch]], [[:fi:|Finnish]], [[:so:|Somali]], [[:de:|German]], [[:it:|Italian]], [[:na:|Nauruan]], [[:no:|Norwegian]], [[:pl:|Polish]], [[:scn:|Sicilian]], [[:es:|Spanish]], [[:sv:|Swedish]], [[:tl:|Tagalog]] *Wikipedio - [[:io:|Ido]] *วิกิพีเดีย - [[:th:|Thai]] *ウィキペディア - [[:ja:|Japanese]] *维基百科 - [[:zh:|Chinese]] *Βικιπαίδεια - [[:el:|Greek]] *Уикипедия - [[:bg:|Bulgarian]] *ויקיפדיה - [[:he:|Hebrew]] *ויקיפעדיע - [[:yi:|Yiddish]] *Википедия - [[:ru:|Русский]] *Вікіпедія - [[:uk:|Українська]] *Wikipedija - [[:bs:|Bosanski]], , [[:hr:|Hrvatski]], [[:sh:|Srpskohrvatski/Српскохрватски]], [[:sl:|Slovenian]] *ویکیپدیا - [[:fa:|Farsi]] *Википедиja - [[:mk:|Македонски]], [[:sh:|Srpskohrvatski/Српскохрватски]], [[:sr:|Cpпcки]] *ვიკიპედია - [[:ka:|Georgian]] *िविकिपिडया - [[:hi:|Hindi]] *ویـکـیـپـیـڈ یـا - [[:ur:|Urdu]] *uikiPEdi,as - [[:jbo:|Lojban]] *위키백과 - [[:ko:|한국어(Korean)]] {{listdev}} ==See also==  * [[Internet encyclopedia project]] * [[Uncyclopedia]], [[parody]] of Wikipedia * [[Criticism of Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Who_writes_Wikipedia|Who writes Wikipedia]] ==References==   <div style="font-size: 90%"> #{{note|Popularity}}See plots at "[http://en.wikipedia.org/wikistats/EN/PlotsPngUsageVisits.htm Visits per day]", Wikipedia Statistics, [[1 January]] [[2005]].  #{{note|WalesGoal}}[[Jimmy Wales]], "[http://mail.wikipedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2005-March/038102.html Wikipedia is an encyclopedia]", [[8 March]] [[2005]], <wikipedia-l@wikimedia.org>.  #{{note|NonFreeImg}}For example, see statistics and licenses on the English edition at "[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_copyright_tags Wikipedia:Image copyright tags]", Wikipedia ([[9 March]] [[2005]]). #{{note|Lih}}Andrew Lih, "[http://jmsc.hku.hk/faculty/alih/publications/utaustin-2004-wikipedia-rc2.pdf Wikipedia as Participatory Journalism: Reliable Sources? Metrics for evaluating collaborative media as a news resource]" ([[Portable Document Format|PDF]]), ''5th International Symposium on Online Journalism'', April 2004. #{{note|UsePress}}"[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_as_a_press_source_2005 Wikipedia:Wikipedia as a press source 2005]", Wikipedia ([[28 March]] [[2005]]). #{{note|C38}}"[http://www.parl.gc.ca/LEGISINFO/index.asp?Lang=E&Chamber=C&StartList=2&EndList=200&Session=13&Type=0&Scope=I&query=4381&List=toc C-38]", LEGISINFO ([[28 March]] [[2005]]). #{{note|Wikipedia_as_a_source}} [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_as_a_source Wikipedia:Wikipedia as a source]  #{{note|LangCount}}"[http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Complete_list_of_language_Wikipedias_available Complete list of language Wikipedias available]", Meta-Wiki ([[22 May]] [[2005]]). #{{note|AllLangArticles}}"[http://en.wikipedia.org/wikistats/EN/TablesWikipediaZZ.htm All languages]", Wikipedia statistics, [[21 March]] [[2005]]. #{{note|LangTrans}}For example, "[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation_into_English Wikipedia: Translation into English]," Wikipedia. ([[9 March]] [[2005]]). #{{note|ListOfLangEditions}}"[http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Complete_list_of_language_Wikipedias_available Complete list of language Wikipedias available]", Meta Wikimedia ([[28 March]] [[2005]]).  #{{note|Structure}}"[http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Power_structure Power structure]", Meta-Wiki, 10:55 [[4 April]] [[2005]]. #{{note|EditWar}}"[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Edit_war Wikipedia:Edit war]", Wikipedia ([[26 March]] [[2005]]). #{{note|WikiExp}}"[http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_sociology Wikipedia sociology]", Meta-Wiki, 23:30 [[24 March]] [[2005]].  #{{note|WikipediaCD}} {{Citenewsauthor | surname=O'Neill | given=Rob | title=World of knowledge in your hands | date=20 September 2005 | org=Sydney Morning Herald | url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/next/world-of-knowledge-in-your-hands/2005/09/19/1126981972296.html}}  #{{note|SangerNupediaPurpose}}Larry Sanger, "[http://web.archive.org/web/20000510132952/www.nupedia.com/interview.html Q & A about Nupedia]", Nupedia, March 2000. #{{note|NupediaAds}}Larry Sanger, "Q & A about Nupedia", Nupedia, March 2000. #{{note|SangerAB}} {{Citenewsauthor | surname=Sanger | given=Larry | title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir | date=18 April 2005 | org=Slashdot | url=http://features.slashdot.org/features/05/04/18/164213.shtml}} #{{note|HistLangCount}}"[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Multilingual_statistics Wikipedia:Multilingual statistics]", Wikipedia, [[30 March]] [[2005]]. #{{note|WalesRosenfeld}}Jimmy Wales, "[http://mail.wikipedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2005-April/039093.html Re: Sanger's memoirs]", [[20 April]] [[2005]],<wikipedia-l@wikipedia.org>. #{{note|SangerKovitz}} {{Citenewsauthor | surname=Sanger | given=Larry | title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir | date=18 April 2005 | org=Slashdot | url=http://features.slashdot.org/features/05/04/18/164213.shtml}} #{{note|Stallman}} {{Citenewsauthor | surname=Stallman | given=Richard | title=The Free Encyclopedia Project | date=1999 | org=Free Software Foundation | url=http://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/encyclopedia.html}} #{{note|Wikimedia}} {{Citenewsauthor | surname=Wales | given=Jimmy | title=Announcing Wikimedia Foundation | date=20 June 2003 | org= | url=http://sciarc.blogspot.com/}}, an archive of the wikipedia-l@wikimedia.org mailing list. #{{note|HalfMillion}}"[http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_press_releases/500%2C000_Wikipedia_articles 500,000 Wikipedia articles]", Wikimedia Foundation, [[25 February]] [[2004]]. #{{note|WikimediaMillion}}See "[http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_press_releases/One_million_Wikipedia_articles_(US) Wikipedia Reaches One Million Articles]", Wikimedia Foundation, [[20 September]] [[2004]]. </div> ==Further reading== {{sisterlinks|Wikipedia}} *Fernanda B. Viegas, Martin Wattenberg, and Kushal Dave, "[http://web.media.mit.edu/~fviegas/papers/history_flow.pdf Studying Cooperation and Conflict between Authors with ''history flow'' Visualizations]", CHI 2004 [[April 24]] - [[April 29]] [[2004]]. Preliminary report "[http://researchweb.watson.ibm.com/history/ History Flow]" available on the IBM website. *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_in_academic_studies Wikipedia:Wikipedia in academic studies] *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Introduction Wikipedia:Introduction] *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ Wikipedia:FAQ] *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Press_releases Wikipedia:Press releases] *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Press_coverage Wikipedia:Press coverage] *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Why_Wikipedia_is_not_so_great Wikipedia:Why Wikipedia is not so great] *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Replies_to_common_objections Wikipedia:Replies to common objections] *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wikistats/EN/Sitemap.htm Statistics] *[[Open Directory Project]]: [http://dmoz.org/Computers/Open_Source/Open_Content/Encyclopedias/Wikipedia/ Wikipedia] *[[OpenFacts]]: [http://openfacts.berlios.de/index-en.phtml?title=Copies_of_Wikipedia_content Copies of Wikipedia content] *[[SourceWatch]]: [http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Wikipedia Wikipedia] ==External links== {{Spoken Wikipedia|Wikipedia.ogg|2005-06-25}} *[http://www.wikipedia.org wikipedia.org], multi-lingual portal *[http://en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org], [[English language]] edition *[http://meta.wikipedia.org/ Meta-Wiki], policy-related and technical discussions regarding [[Wikimedia]] *[http://www.wikimediafoundation.org Wikimedia Foundation], parent organization of Wikipedia *[http://www.memorywiki.org/en/The_Origins_of_Wikipedia%2C_2001%2C_by_Larry_Sanger Larry Sanger on the origins of Wikipedia from MemoryWiki.org] *[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/4502846.stm BBC article showing flaws in wikipedia] *[http://www.guardian.co.uk/online/story/0,3605,1546162,00.html Guardian UK article] * "[http://www.npost.com/interview.jsp?intID=INT00126 Interview with Wikipedia founder Jimmy Wales]," nPost, [[November 1]] [[2005]]. *[http://www.neptunepinkfloyd.co.uk/ Good example of making use of Wiki on a Pink Floyd website] *[http://www.asciiartfarts.com/wikipedia.html Wikipedia ASCII Art Collection], with rss-feed and XML serialization *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost Wikipedia Signpost], newspaper about the English Wikipedia *[http://www.newsxs.com/en/search/?search=quick_search&word=Wikipedia&lang=any&qs=Go Wikipedia in the news]. Aggregated news and rss-feed.(Multilingual) *[http://news.com.com/2061-11199_3-5983234.html?part=rss&tag=5983234&subj=news Why Wikipedia will survive the storm], from News.com *[http://computer.howstuffworks.com/wiki.htm How Stuff Works-Wikipedia], A brief guide about how Wikipedia works *[http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/online-encyclopedias-put-to-the-test/2005/12/14/1134500913345.html ''Nature'' comparison between Wikipedia and Britannica] *[http://www.kapitalism.net/thoughts/wikipedia.htm Criticism of the Wikipedia], An opinion of the downside of Wikipedia. [[Category:Encyclopedias]] [[Category:Wikipedia| ]] {{Link FA|it}} [[af:Wikipedia]] [[ang:Wicipǽdia]] [[ar:ويكيبيديا]] [[roa-rup:Uichipedia]] [[ast:Uiquipedia]] [[ay:Wikipedia]] [[be:Вікіпэдыя]] [[bg:Уикипедия]] [[bm:Wikipedia]] [[zh-min-nan:Wikipedia]] [[bn:উইকিপিডিয়া]] [[bs:Wikipedija]] [[ca:Viquipèdia]] [[ceb:Wikipedya]] [[cv:Википеди]] [[chr:ᏫᎩᏇᏗᏯ]] [[cs:Wikipedie]] [[cy:Wicipedia]] [[da:Wikipedia]] [[de:Wikipedia]] [[et:Vikipeedia]] [[el:Βικιπαίδεια]] [[als:Wikipedia]] [[es:Wikipedia]] [[eo:Vikipedio]] [[eu:Wikipedia]] [[fa:ویکیپدیا]] [[fo:Wikipedia]] [[fj:Wikipedia]] [[fr:Wikipédia]] [[fur:Vichipedie]] [[ga:Vicipéid]] [[gl:Wikipedia]] [[gu:વિકિપીડિયા]] [[ko:위키백과]] [[ht:Wikipedia]] [[hy:Վիքիփեդիա]] [[hi:िविकिपिडया]] [[hr:Wikipedia]] [[id:Wikipedia]] [[ilo:Wikipedia]] [[ia:Wikipedia]] [[is:Wikipedia]] [[it:Wikipedia]]{{Link FA|it}} [[he:ויקיפדיה]] [[kn:ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ]] [[csb:Wikipedijô]] [[kw:Wikipedia]] [[ku:Wikipedia]] [[la:Vicipaedia]] [[lad:ויקיפידיה]] [[lv:Vikipēdija]] [[lt:Vikipedija]] [[lb:Wikipedia]] [[li:Wikipedia]] [[jbo:uikiPEdi,as]] [[hu:Wikipédia]] [[mk:Википедија]] [[mt:Wikipedija]] [[ms:Wikipedia]] [[na:Wikipedia]] [[nl:Wikipedia]] [[nds:Wikipedia]] [[ja:ウィキペディア]] [[no:Wikipedia]] [[nn:Wikipedia]] [[oc:Oiquipedià]] [[pl:Wikipedia]] [[pt:Wikipédia]] [[ro:Wikipedia]] [[qu:Wikipidiya]] [[ru:Википедия]] [[sco:Wikipaedia]] [[sq:Wikipedia]] [[sh:Wikipedia]] [[scn:Wikipedia]] [[simple:Wikipedia]] [[sk:Wikipédia]] [[sl:Wikipedija]] [[so:Wikipedia]] [[sr:Википедија]] [[su:Wikipédia]] [[fi:Wikipedia]] [[sv:Wikipedia]] [[tl:Wikipedia]] [[tt:Wikipedia]] [[th:วิกิพีเดีย]] [[vi:Wikipedia]] [[tpi:Wikipedia]] [[tr:Vikipedi]] [[uk:Вікіпедія]] [[wa:Wikipedia]] [[war:Wikipedia]] [[zh:维基百科]] 5622 2006-06-13T11:50:02Z Lee 85 [[Wikipedia]] moved to [[විකිපීඩියා]] [[Image:Wikipedia-logo.png|150px|right|thumb|The [[Wikipedia logo|''Wikipedia'' logo]].]] '''Wikipedia''' (pronounced as {{IPA|[ˌwiˑkiˈpidi.ə]}} or {{IPA|[ˌwɪki-]}}, also {{IPA|[-ɐ]}}) is a multilingual [[World Wide Web|Web]]-based [[Free content|free-content]] [[encyclopedia]]. Wikipedia is written collaboratively by [[volunteer]]s, allowing articles to be changed by anyone with access to a web browser. The project began on [[January 15]] [[2001]] as a complement to the expert-written [[Nupedia]], and is now operated by the [[Non-profit organization|non-profit]] [[Wikimedia|Wikimedia Foundation]]. Wikipedia has more than 2,550,000 articles, including more than 880,000 in the English-language version. Since its inception, Wikipedia has steadily risen in popularity,{{ref|Popularity}} and its success has spawned several [[#Sister projects|sister projects]]. Wikipedia is regularly cited by both the [[mass media]] and [[academia]], sometimes critically, and sometimes to praise it for its free distribution, editing, and diverse coverage. Editors are encouraged to uphold a policy of "[[neutral point of view]]" under which notable perspectives are summarized without an attempt to determine an [[objectivity (journalism)|objective]] truth. But Wikipedia's status as a [[reference]] work has been controversial. Its open nature allows [[vandalism]], inaccuracy, inconsistency, uneven quality, and unsubstantiated opinions. It has also been [[Criticism of Wikipedia|criticised]] for [[systemic bias]], preference of [[consensus]] to [[credentials]], and a perceived lack of accountability and authority when compared with traditional encyclopedias. There are over 200 [[language]] editions of Wikipedia, around 100 of which are active. Eleven editions have more than 50,000 articles each: [[English Wikipedia|English]], [[German Wikipedia|German]], [[French Wikipedia|French]], [[Japanese Wikipedia|Japanese]], [[Polish Wikipedia|Polish]], [[Italian Wikipedia|Italian]], [[Swedish Wikipedia|Swedish]], [[Dutch Wikipedia|Dutch]], [[Portuguese Wikipedia|Portuguese]], [[Spanish Wikipedia|Spanish]] and [[Chinese Wikipedia|Chinese]]. Its German-language edition has been distributed on [[DVD-ROM]], and many of its other editions are [[Mirror (computing)|mirrored]] or have been [[Fork (software)|forked]] by [[website]]s. ==Characteristics== [[Image:Www.wikipedia.org screenshot.png|250px|thumb|right|Detail of Wikipedia's multilingual portal at http://www.wikipedia.org. Here, the project's largest language editions are shown.]] Wikipedia's slogan is "The Free Encyclopedia that anyone can edit", and the project is described by its founder [[Jimmy Wales]] as "an effort to create and distribute a free encyclopedia of the highest possible quality to every single person on the planet in their own language."{{ref|WalesGoal}} It is developed on the wikipedia.org website using a type of [[computer software|software]] called a "[[wiki]]", a term originally used for the [[Portland Pattern Repository|WikiWikiWeb]] and derived from the [[Hawaiian language|Hawaiian]] ''Wiki Wiki'', which means "quick". Wales intends that Wikipedia should achieve a "''[[Encyclopædia Britannica|Britannica]]'' or better" quality and be published in print. Several other [[Internet encyclopedia project|encyclopedia projects]] exist or have existed on the [[Internet]]. Traditional editorial policies and article ownership are used in some, such as the expert-written ''[[Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]]'' and the now-defunct ''[[Nupedia]]''. More casual websites such as [[H2G2|h2g2]] or [[Everything2]] serve as general guides, the articles of which are written and controlled by individuals. Projects such as Wikipedia, [[Susning.nu]], and the ''[[Enciclopedia Libre]]'' are wikis in which articles are developed by numerous authors, and there is no formal process of review. Wikipedia has become the largest such encyclopedic wiki by article and word-count. Unlike many encyclopedias, it has licensed its content under the [[GNU Free Documentation License]]. Wikipedia has a set of policies identifying types of information appropriate for inclusion. These policies are often cited in disputes over whether particular content should be added, revised, transferred to a sister project, or removed. ===Free-content=== The GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL), the license through which Wikipedia's articles are made available, is one of many "[[copyleft]]" [[copyright]] licenses that permit the redistribution, creation of [[derivative work]]s, and commercial use of content provided its authors are attributed and this content remains available under the GFDL. When an author contributes original material to the project, the [[copyright]] over it is retained with them, but they agree to make the work available under the GFDL. Material on Wikipedia may thus be distributed to, or incorporated from, resources which also use this license. Wikipedia's content has been mirrored or forked by hundreds of resources from database dumps. Although all text is available under the GFDL, a significant percentage of Wikipedia's images and sounds are non-free. Items such as [[corporate logo]]s, song samples, or copyrighted news photos are used with a claim of [[fair use]]. Material has also been given to Wikipedia under no-[[Derivative work|derivative]] or for-Wikipedia-only conditions.{{ref|NonFreeImg}} However, some editions only accept free media. Wikipedia has been used by the media, academics, and others as a reference or supplement. News organizations have referred to Wikipedia articles as sources or in sidebars containing related information on the Web, some regularly.{{ref|Lih}} According to lists maintained by Wikipedia's editors, its articles have been cited most frequently in the [[news media]].{{ref|UsePress}} Less frequently, it has been used in academic studies, books, conferences, and court cases. For instance, the [[Parliament of Canada]] website refers to Wikipedia's article on [[same-sex marriage]] in the "further reading" list of [[Bill C-38]].{{ref|C38}} Noncomprehensive lists of such uses are maintained by ''Wikipedians''. {{ref|Wikipedia_as_a_source}} ===Language editions=== [[Image:Wikipedia growth.png|thumb|300px|Wikipedia's growth has been approximately [[Exponential_growth|exponential]] in several of the major language editions.]] Wikipedia encompasses 119 "active" language editions as of [[March 2005]].{{ref|LangCount}} Its five largest editions are, in descending order, [[English Wikipedia|English]], [[German Wikipedia|German]], [[French Wikipedia|French]], [[Japanese Wikipedia|Japanese]], and [[Polish Wikipedia|Polish]]. In total, Wikipedia contains 205 language editions of varying states with a combined 2.6 million articles.{{ref|AllLangArticles}} Language editions operate independently of one another. Editions are not bound to the content of other language editions, and are only held to global policies such as "neutral point of view". Articles and images are nonetheless shared between Wikipedia editions, the former through pages to request translations organized on many of the larger language editions, and the latter through the [[Wikimedia Commons]] repository. Translated articles represent only a small portion of articles in any edition.{{ref|LangTrans}} The following is a list of the larger editions, sorted by number of articles as of [[18 December]] [[2005]]. (The article count, however, is a very limited metric for comparing the editions. For instance, in some Wikipedia versions nearly half of the articles are [[Wikipedia:Stub|stubs]] which were created automatically by [[Wikipedia:Bot|robots]].) {{ref|ListOfLangEditions}} [[Image:He-Wikipedia.png|right|thumb|330px|An example of Wikipedia's range in language editions; Wikipedia in Hebrew.]] #[[English Wikipedia|English]] ({{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}) #[[German Wikipedia|German]] (329,457) #[[French Wikipedia|French]] (207,851) #[[Japanese Wikipedia|Japanese]] (165,149) #[[Polish Wikipedia|Polish]] (148,963) #[[Italian Wikipedia|Italian]] (126,929) #[[Swedish Wikipedia|Swedish]] (122,207) #[[Dutch Wikipedia|Dutch]] (113,810) #[[Portuguese Wikipedia|Portuguese]] (88,409) #[[Spanish Wikipedia|Spanish]] (80,213) #[[Chinese Wikipedia|Chinese]] (50,168) #[[Russian Wikipedia|Russian]] (49,338) #[[Norwegian Wikipedia|Norwegian Bokmål]] (44,576) #[[Finnish Wikipedia|Finnish]] (41,602) #[[Danish Wikipedia|Danish]] (35,931) ==Editing== [[Image:History comparison example.png|thumb|250px|right|Editors keep track of changes to articles by checking the difference between two revisions of a page, displayed here in red.]] Almost all visitors may edit Wikipedia's articles, and registered users can create new ones and have their changes instantly displayed. Wikipedia is built on the expectation that collaboration among users will improve articles over time, in much the same way that [[Open source|open-source software]] develops. Further, this real-time, collaborative model allows rapid updating of existing topics and introduction of new topics. Its authors need not have any expertise or formal qualifications in the subjects which they edit, and users are warned that their contributions may be "edited mercilessly and redistributed at will" by anyone who so wishes. Its articles are not controlled by any particular user or editorial group. Decision-making on the content and editorial policies of Wikipedia is instead done by [[Consensus decision-making|consensus]] and occasionally by vote. [[Jimmy Wales]] retains final judgement on Wikipedia policies and user guidelines.{{ref|Structure}} By the nature of its [[openness]], "edit wars" and prolonged disputes often occur when editors do not agree.{{ref|EditWar}} A few members of its community have explained its editing process as a collaborative work, a "[[Social Darwinism|socially Darwinian]] [[Evolution|evolutionary]] process"{{ref|WikiExp}}, but this is not generally considered by the community to be an accurate self-description. Articles are always subject to editing, unless the article is protected for a short time due to vandalism or revert wars; therefore, Wikipedia does not declare any article finished. Some users attempt to enter malicious or amusing but irrelevant information, but changes of this sort are normally removed quickly. Regular users often maintain a 'watchlist' of articles of interest to them, so that they are immediately shown which of these articles have changed since their last log in. This allows monitoring of daily editing to prevent false information and spam, and also to keep up with other editors' views, or updates, of the subjects on the watchlist. Because of the Wiki-principle, all edits of a Wikipedia article are kept in an edit history which can be looked at by everyone. Therefore, Wikipedia is also the first major encyclopedia ever where everybody can see how an article evolved over time and if, how and where the content of an article was controversial. All controversial standpoints which were once voiced and afterwards deleted and even plain page vandalism remain visible for everyone and provide additional information about the article's topic and its degree of controversy and add the dimension of time to every article. == Distribution == Wikipedia content is being distributed in several ways. In addition to the main Web site at ''wikipedia.org'', its content is mirrored on many other web servers. Aside from distribution in online form, printed and print-ready versions of Wikipedia gain popularity. So called [[WikiReader]]s have been started by German Wikipedia in late February 2004 with Thomas Karcher's WikiReader about [[Sweden]] being the first. German WikiReaders about Sweden, [[Nauru]], and [[Internet]] are available in print form from http://www.wikireader.de and several others as print-ready [[PDF]] files with printed versions in preparation for sale. Following this example, WikiReader projects have been initiated from Chinese, English, French, and Polish Wikipedians. Also in preparation is a collection of paperback books by [http://wikipress.wikidev.net/ WikiPress] with [[November 1]] [[2005]] as planned release date. CD and DVD versions of Wikipedia are also available. The German Wikipedia project was the first with a shipped release in 2004, being currently in its second edition (ISBN 3-89853-020-5). The English Wikipedia is expected to follow at the end of 2005.{{ref|WikipediaCD}} The Wikipedia is currently available for [[handhelds]] in the following languages: English, German, Spanish, French, Polish, Italian and Esperanto. The reader software [[TomeRaider]] required to access the Wikipedia data files is shareware (around $20 as of Nov. 2005). The data files themselves can be downloaded free of charge from the Wikipedia [http://download.wikimedia.org/tomeraider/current_tr3/ download area], purchased on CD, or compiled using conversion scripts. [http://members.chello.nl/epzachte/Wikipedia/ Instructions] can be found on the page of the script author Erik Zachte. On most handhelds the huge size of the Wikipedia data files requires an extension card. == History == {{main|History of Wikipedia}} [[Image:NupediaLogo.jpg|thumb||250px|Wikipedia "originated" from ''[[Nupedia]]''.]] Wikipedia began as a complementary project of ''[[Nupedia]]'', a free online encyclopedia project whose articles were written by experts through a formal process. Nupedia was founded on [[9 March]] [[2000]] under the ownership of [[Bomis|Bomis, Inc]], a Web portal company. Its principal figures were [[Jimmy Wales]], Bomis [[CEO]], and [[Larry Sanger]], [[editor-in-chief]] for Nupedia and later Wikipedia. Nupedia was described by Sanger as differing from existing encyclopedias in being [[open content]]; not having size limitations, as it was on the [[Internet]]; and being free of bias, due to its public nature and potentially broad base of contributors.{{ref|SangerNupediaPurpose}} Nupedia had a seven-step review process by appointed subject-area experts, but was later widely viewed as too slow for producing a limited number of articles. Funded by Bomis, there were initial plans to recoup its investment by the use of advertisements.{{ref|NupediaAds}} It was licensed under its own Nupedia Open Content License initially, switching to the GNU Free Documentation License prior to Wikipedia's founding at the urging of [[Richard Stallman]]. [[Image:WikipediaHomePage30March200.png|thumb|300px|right|Wikipedia's English edition on [[March 20]], [[2001]], two and a half months after its founding.]] On January 10, 2001, Larry Sanger proposed on the Nupedia mailing list to create a wiki alongside Nupedia. Under the subject "Let's make a wiki", he wrote: <blockquote> No, this is not an indecent proposal. It's an idea to add a little feature to Nupedia. Jimmy Wales thinks that many people might find the idea objectionable, but I think not. (...) As to Nupedia's use of a wiki, this is the ULTIMATE "open" and simple format for developing content. We have occasionally bandied about ideas for simpler, more open projects to either replace or supplement Nupedia. It seems to me wikis can be implemented practically instantly, need very little maintenance, and in general are very low-risk. They're also a potentially great source for content. So there's little downside, as far as I can see. [http://web.archive.org/web/20030414014355/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html] </blockquote> Wikipedia was formally launched on [[15 January]] [[2001]], as a single English-language edition at wikipedia.com, and announced by Sanger on the Nupedia mailing list. [http://web.archive.org/web/20010506042824/www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000684.html] It had been, from [[10 January]], a feature of Nupedia.com in which the public could write articles that could be incorporated into Nupedia after review. It was relaunched off-site after Nupedia's Advisory Board of subject experts disapproved of its production model.{{ref|SangerAB}} Wikipedia thereafter operated as a standalone project without control from Nupedia. Its policy of "neutral point-of-view" was codified in its initial months, though it is similar to Nupedia's earlier "nonbias" policy. There were otherwise few rules initially. Wikipedia gained early contributors from Nupedia, [[Slashdot]] postings, and [[search engine]] indexing. It grew to approximately 20,000 articles among 18 language editions by the end of its first year. It had 26 language editions by the end of 2002, 46 by the end of 2003, and 161 by the end of 2004.{{ref|HistLangCount}} Nupedia and Wikipedia coexisted until the former's servers went down, permanently, in 2003, and its text was incorporated into Wikipedia. Wales and Sanger attribute the concept of using a wiki to [[Ward Cunningham]]'s WikiWikiWeb or [[Portland Pattern Repository]]. Wales mentioned that he heard the concept first from Jeremy Rosenfeld, an employee of Bomis who showed him the same wiki, in [[December 2000]],{{ref|WalesRosenfeld}} but it was after Sanger heard of its existence from Ben Kovitz, a regular at this wiki, in [[January 2001]],{{ref|SangerKovitz}} and proposed a creation of a wiki for Nupedia to Wales that Wikipedia's history started. Under a similar concept of free content, though not wiki production, the [[GNUPedia]] project existed alongside Nupedia early in its history. It subsequently became inactive and its creator, [[free software|free-software]] figure [[Richard Stallman]], lent his support to Wikipedia.{{ref|Stallman}} Citing fear of commercial advertising and lack of control in a perceived English-centric Wikipedia, users of the [[Spanish Wikipedia|Spanish Wikipedia]] forked from Wikipedia to create the ''[[Enciclopedia Libre]]'' in [[February 2002]]. Later that year, Wales announced that Wikipedia would not display [[Advertising|advertisements]], and moved its website to wikipedia.org. Projects have since forked from Wikipedia's content for editorial reasons, such as [[Wikinfo]], which abandoned "neutral point-of-view" in favor of multiple complementary articles written from a "sympathetic point-of-view." From Wikipedia and Nupedia, the Wikimedia Foundation was created on [[June 20]], [[2003]].{{ref|Wikimedia}} Wikipedia and its sister projects thereafter operated under this [[non-profit organization]]. Wikipedia's first sister project, "In Memoriam: September 11 Wiki" had been created in [[October 2002]] to detail the [[September 11, 2001 attacks]]; [[Wiktionary]], a dictionary project, was launched in [[December 2002]]; [[Wikiquotes]], a collection of quotes, a week after Wikimedia launched; and [[Wikibooks]], a collection of collaboratively-written free books, the next month. Wikimedia has since started a number of other projects, detailed below. Wikipedia has traditionally measured its status by article count. In its first two years, it grew at a few hundred or less new articles per day. The English Wikipedia reached a 100,000 article milestone on [[January 22]], [[2003]]. In 2004, its article growth rate was approximately 1,000 to 3,000 per day in all editions. In the English edition it reached 500,000 articles on [[February 25]], [[2004]].{{ref|HalfMillion}} Wikipedia reached its one millionth article among 105 language editions on [[September 20]], [[2004]].{{ref|WikimediaMillion}} The brand ''Wikipedia'' has been [[trademark]]ed in the [[European Union]] (January 20th 2005), [[Japan]] (December 16th, 2004) and the [[USA]] (September 14th, 2004) in the area "Provision of [[information]] in the field of general encyclopedic knowledge via the [[Internet]]" by the Wikimedia Foundation. There are currently plans to license the usage of the Wikipedia trademark for some products like [[book]]s or [[DVD]]s. [http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/ew/2005/12/05/stories/2005120500070100.htm] Details are described on [[meta:Wikimedia trademarks]]. ===Software and hardware=== [[Image:Floridaserversfront1.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Wikipedia receives over 1000 page views per second. Around 100 servers have been set up to handle the traffic.]] Wikipedia is run by [[MediaWiki]] [[free software]] on a cluster of dedicated servers located in [[Florida]] and three other locations around the world. MediaWiki is Phase III of the program's software. Originally, Wikipedia ran on [[UseModWiki]] by [[Clifford Adams]] (Phase I). At first it required [[CamelCase]] for links; later it was also possible to use double brackets. Wikipedia began running on a [[PHP]] [[wiki software|wiki engine]] with a [[MySQL]] [[database]] in January 2002. This software, Phase II, was written specifically for the Wikipedia project by Magnus Manske. Several rounds of modifications were made to improve performance in response to increased demand. Ultimately, the software was rewritten again, this time by Lee Daniel Crocker. Instituted in July 2002, this Phase III software was called MediaWiki. It was licensed under the [[GNU General Public License]] and used by all Wikimedia projects. Wikipedia was served from a single server until 2003, when the server setup was expanded into an [[n-tier]] distributed architecture. In January 2005, the project ran on 39 dedicated servers located in [[Florida]]. This configuration included a single master database server running [[MySQL]], multiple slave database servers, 21 web servers running the [[Apache HTTP Server|Apache]] software, and seven [[Squid cache]] servers. By September 2005, its server cluster had grown to around 100 servers in four locations around the world. Page requests are processed by first passing to a front-end layer of [[Squid cache|Squid caching]] servers. Requests that cannot be served from the Squid cache are sent to two load-balancing servers running the [[Perlbal]] software, which then pass the request to one of the Apache web servers for page-rendering from the database. The web servers serve pages as requested, performing page rendering for all the Wikipedias. To increase speed further, rendered pages for anonymous users are cached in a filesystem until invalidated, allowing page rendering to be skipped entirely for most common page accesses. Wikimedia has begun building a global network of [[Squid cache|caching servers]] with the addition of three such servers in [[France]]. A new Dutch cluster is also online now. In spite of all this, Wikipedia page load times remain quite variable. The ongoing status of Wikipedia's website is posted by users at a [http://openfacts.berlios.de/index-en.phtml?title=Wikipedia_Status status page] on [[OpenFacts]]. [[Image:Wikimedia.png|thumb|right|130px|Wikimedia's Logo]] ==Sister projects== Wikipedia has sister projects that fulfill non-encyclopedic roles. All of them are [[multilingual]], [[free content]] [[wiki|wikis]] administered by the [[Wikimedia|Wikimedia Foundation]]. These include: *[[Wikibooks|Wikibooks]], for free [[textbook|textbooks]]; *[[Wikinews|Wikinews]], for free [[news]]; *[[Wikiquote|Wikiquote]], a free anthology of [[quotations|quotations]]; *[[Wikisource|Wikisource]], a free [[library]]; *[[Wikispecies|Wikispecies]], a free directory of life; *and [[Wiktionary|Wiktionary]], a free [[dictionary]]. In addition, two special projects serve ''all'' of the sister projects (including Wikipedia) in all of their languages at once. These are: #the [[Wikimedia Commons]], which is a shared media repository (images, sound, video) that can be utilized by all [[Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia]] wikis; #and the [[Meta-Wiki|Wikimedia Meta-Wiki]] for coordination and planning across all projects. ==Alternative spellings== Here is a list of alternate spellings for Wikipedia according to the language editions: *ويكيبيديا - [[:ar:|Arabic]] *Uichipedia - [[:roa-rup:|Aromanian]] *Vicipéid - [[:ga:|Irish]] *Vikipedio - [[:eo:|Esperanto]] *Vikipedi - [[:tr:|Turkish]] *Viquipèdia - [[:ca:|Catalan]] *Vicipaedia - [[:la:|Latin]] *Wicipedia - [[:cy:|Welsh]] *Wikipédia - [[:fr:|French]], [[:pt:|Portuguese]], [[:hu:|Hungarian]] *Wikipedia - English, [[:br:|Breton]], [[:da:|Danish]], [[:nl:|Dutch]], [[:fi:|Finnish]], [[:so:|Somali]], [[:de:|German]], [[:it:|Italian]], [[:na:|Nauruan]], [[:no:|Norwegian]], [[:pl:|Polish]], [[:scn:|Sicilian]], [[:es:|Spanish]], [[:sv:|Swedish]], [[:tl:|Tagalog]] *Wikipedio - [[:io:|Ido]] *วิกิพีเดีย - [[:th:|Thai]] *ウィキペディア - [[:ja:|Japanese]] *维基百科 - [[:zh:|Chinese]] *Βικιπαίδεια - [[:el:|Greek]] *Уикипедия - [[:bg:|Bulgarian]] *ויקיפדיה - [[:he:|Hebrew]] *ויקיפעדיע - [[:yi:|Yiddish]] *Википедия - [[:ru:|Русский]] *Вікіпедія - [[:uk:|Українська]] *Wikipedija - [[:bs:|Bosanski]], , [[:hr:|Hrvatski]], [[:sh:|Srpskohrvatski/Српскохрватски]], [[:sl:|Slovenian]] *ویکیپدیا - [[:fa:|Farsi]] *Википедиja - [[:mk:|Македонски]], [[:sh:|Srpskohrvatski/Српскохрватски]], [[:sr:|Cpпcки]] *ვიკიპედია - [[:ka:|Georgian]] *िविकिपिडया - [[:hi:|Hindi]] *ویـکـیـپـیـڈ یـا - [[:ur:|Urdu]] *uikiPEdi,as - [[:jbo:|Lojban]] *위키백과 - [[:ko:|한국어(Korean)]] {{listdev}} ==See also==  * [[Internet encyclopedia project]] * [[Uncyclopedia]], [[parody]] of Wikipedia * [[Criticism of Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Who_writes_Wikipedia|Who writes Wikipedia]] ==References==   <div style="font-size: 90%"> #{{note|Popularity}}See plots at "[http://en.wikipedia.org/wikistats/EN/PlotsPngUsageVisits.htm Visits per day]", Wikipedia Statistics, [[1 January]] [[2005]].  #{{note|WalesGoal}}[[Jimmy Wales]], "[http://mail.wikipedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2005-March/038102.html Wikipedia is an encyclopedia]", [[8 March]] [[2005]], <wikipedia-l@wikimedia.org>.  #{{note|NonFreeImg}}For example, see statistics and licenses on the English edition at "[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_copyright_tags Wikipedia:Image copyright tags]", Wikipedia ([[9 March]] [[2005]]). #{{note|Lih}}Andrew Lih, "[http://jmsc.hku.hk/faculty/alih/publications/utaustin-2004-wikipedia-rc2.pdf Wikipedia as Participatory Journalism: Reliable Sources? Metrics for evaluating collaborative media as a news resource]" ([[Portable Document Format|PDF]]), ''5th International Symposium on Online Journalism'', April 2004. #{{note|UsePress}}"[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_as_a_press_source_2005 Wikipedia:Wikipedia as a press source 2005]", Wikipedia ([[28 March]] [[2005]]). #{{note|C38}}"[http://www.parl.gc.ca/LEGISINFO/index.asp?Lang=E&Chamber=C&StartList=2&EndList=200&Session=13&Type=0&Scope=I&query=4381&List=toc C-38]", LEGISINFO ([[28 March]] [[2005]]). #{{note|Wikipedia_as_a_source}} [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_as_a_source Wikipedia:Wikipedia as a source]  #{{note|LangCount}}"[http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Complete_list_of_language_Wikipedias_available Complete list of language Wikipedias available]", Meta-Wiki ([[22 May]] [[2005]]). #{{note|AllLangArticles}}"[http://en.wikipedia.org/wikistats/EN/TablesWikipediaZZ.htm All languages]", Wikipedia statistics, [[21 March]] [[2005]]. #{{note|LangTrans}}For example, "[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation_into_English Wikipedia: Translation into English]," Wikipedia. ([[9 March]] [[2005]]). #{{note|ListOfLangEditions}}"[http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Complete_list_of_language_Wikipedias_available Complete list of language Wikipedias available]", Meta Wikimedia ([[28 March]] [[2005]]).  #{{note|Structure}}"[http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Power_structure Power structure]", Meta-Wiki, 10:55 [[4 April]] [[2005]]. #{{note|EditWar}}"[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Edit_war Wikipedia:Edit war]", Wikipedia ([[26 March]] [[2005]]). #{{note|WikiExp}}"[http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_sociology Wikipedia sociology]", Meta-Wiki, 23:30 [[24 March]] [[2005]].  #{{note|WikipediaCD}} {{Citenewsauthor | surname=O'Neill | given=Rob | title=World of knowledge in your hands | date=20 September 2005 | org=Sydney Morning Herald | url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/next/world-of-knowledge-in-your-hands/2005/09/19/1126981972296.html}}  #{{note|SangerNupediaPurpose}}Larry Sanger, "[http://web.archive.org/web/20000510132952/www.nupedia.com/interview.html Q & A about Nupedia]", Nupedia, March 2000. #{{note|NupediaAds}}Larry Sanger, "Q & A about Nupedia", Nupedia, March 2000. #{{note|SangerAB}} {{Citenewsauthor | surname=Sanger | given=Larry | title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir | date=18 April 2005 | org=Slashdot | url=http://features.slashdot.org/features/05/04/18/164213.shtml}} #{{note|HistLangCount}}"[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Multilingual_statistics Wikipedia:Multilingual statistics]", Wikipedia, [[30 March]] [[2005]]. #{{note|WalesRosenfeld}}Jimmy Wales, "[http://mail.wikipedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2005-April/039093.html Re: Sanger's memoirs]", [[20 April]] [[2005]],<wikipedia-l@wikipedia.org>. #{{note|SangerKovitz}} {{Citenewsauthor | surname=Sanger | given=Larry | title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir | date=18 April 2005 | org=Slashdot | url=http://features.slashdot.org/features/05/04/18/164213.shtml}} #{{note|Stallman}} {{Citenewsauthor | surname=Stallman | given=Richard | title=The Free Encyclopedia Project | date=1999 | org=Free Software Foundation | url=http://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/encyclopedia.html}} #{{note|Wikimedia}} {{Citenewsauthor | surname=Wales | given=Jimmy | title=Announcing Wikimedia Foundation | date=20 June 2003 | org= | url=http://sciarc.blogspot.com/}}, an archive of the wikipedia-l@wikimedia.org mailing list. #{{note|HalfMillion}}"[http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_press_releases/500%2C000_Wikipedia_articles 500,000 Wikipedia articles]", Wikimedia Foundation, [[25 February]] [[2004]]. #{{note|WikimediaMillion}}See "[http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_press_releases/One_million_Wikipedia_articles_(US) Wikipedia Reaches One Million Articles]", Wikimedia Foundation, [[20 September]] [[2004]]. </div> ==Further reading== {{sisterlinks|Wikipedia}} *Fernanda B. Viegas, Martin Wattenberg, and Kushal Dave, "[http://web.media.mit.edu/~fviegas/papers/history_flow.pdf Studying Cooperation and Conflict between Authors with ''history flow'' Visualizations]", CHI 2004 [[April 24]] - [[April 29]] [[2004]]. Preliminary report "[http://researchweb.watson.ibm.com/history/ History Flow]" available on the IBM website. *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_in_academic_studies Wikipedia:Wikipedia in academic studies] *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Introduction Wikipedia:Introduction] *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ Wikipedia:FAQ] *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Press_releases Wikipedia:Press releases] *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Press_coverage Wikipedia:Press coverage] *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Why_Wikipedia_is_not_so_great Wikipedia:Why Wikipedia is not so great] *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Replies_to_common_objections Wikipedia:Replies to common objections] *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wikistats/EN/Sitemap.htm Statistics] *[[Open Directory Project]]: [http://dmoz.org/Computers/Open_Source/Open_Content/Encyclopedias/Wikipedia/ Wikipedia] *[[OpenFacts]]: [http://openfacts.berlios.de/index-en.phtml?title=Copies_of_Wikipedia_content Copies of Wikipedia content] *[[SourceWatch]]: [http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Wikipedia Wikipedia] ==External links== {{Spoken Wikipedia|Wikipedia.ogg|2005-06-25}} *[http://www.wikipedia.org wikipedia.org], multi-lingual portal *[http://en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org], [[English language]] edition *[http://meta.wikipedia.org/ Meta-Wiki], policy-related and technical discussions regarding [[Wikimedia]] *[http://www.wikimediafoundation.org Wikimedia Foundation], parent organization of Wikipedia *[http://www.memorywiki.org/en/The_Origins_of_Wikipedia%2C_2001%2C_by_Larry_Sanger Larry Sanger on the origins of Wikipedia from MemoryWiki.org] *[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/4502846.stm BBC article showing flaws in wikipedia] *[http://www.guardian.co.uk/online/story/0,3605,1546162,00.html Guardian UK article] * "[http://www.npost.com/interview.jsp?intID=INT00126 Interview with Wikipedia founder Jimmy Wales]," nPost, [[November 1]] [[2005]]. *[http://www.neptunepinkfloyd.co.uk/ Good example of making use of Wiki on a Pink Floyd website] *[http://www.asciiartfarts.com/wikipedia.html Wikipedia ASCII Art Collection], with rss-feed and XML serialization *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost Wikipedia Signpost], newspaper about the English Wikipedia *[http://www.newsxs.com/en/search/?search=quick_search&word=Wikipedia&lang=any&qs=Go Wikipedia in the news]. Aggregated news and rss-feed.(Multilingual) *[http://news.com.com/2061-11199_3-5983234.html?part=rss&tag=5983234&subj=news Why Wikipedia will survive the storm], from News.com *[http://computer.howstuffworks.com/wiki.htm How Stuff Works-Wikipedia], A brief guide about how Wikipedia works *[http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/online-encyclopedias-put-to-the-test/2005/12/14/1134500913345.html ''Nature'' comparison between Wikipedia and Britannica] *[http://www.kapitalism.net/thoughts/wikipedia.htm Criticism of the Wikipedia], An opinion of the downside of Wikipedia. [[Category:Encyclopedias]] [[Category:Wikipedia| ]] {{Link FA|it}} [[af:Wikipedia]] [[ang:Wicipǽdia]] [[ar:ويكيبيديا]] [[roa-rup:Uichipedia]] [[ast:Uiquipedia]] [[ay:Wikipedia]] [[be:Вікіпэдыя]] [[bg:Уикипедия]] [[bm:Wikipedia]] [[zh-min-nan:Wikipedia]] [[bn:উইকিপিডিয়া]] [[bs:Wikipedija]] [[ca:Viquipèdia]] [[ceb:Wikipedya]] [[cv:Википеди]] [[chr:ᏫᎩᏇᏗᏯ]] [[cs:Wikipedie]] [[cy:Wicipedia]] [[da:Wikipedia]] [[de:Wikipedia]] [[et:Vikipeedia]] [[el:Βικιπαίδεια]] [[als:Wikipedia]] [[es:Wikipedia]] [[eo:Vikipedio]] [[eu:Wikipedia]] [[fa:ویکیپدیا]] [[fo:Wikipedia]] [[fj:Wikipedia]] [[fr:Wikipédia]] [[fur:Vichipedie]] [[ga:Vicipéid]] [[gl:Wikipedia]] [[gu:વિકિપીડિયા]] [[ko:위키백과]] [[ht:Wikipedia]] [[hy:Վիքիփեդիա]] [[hi:िविकिपिडया]] [[hr:Wikipedia]] [[id:Wikipedia]] [[ilo:Wikipedia]] [[ia:Wikipedia]] [[is:Wikipedia]] [[it:Wikipedia]]{{Link FA|it}} [[he:ויקיפדיה]] [[kn:ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ]] [[csb:Wikipedijô]] [[kw:Wikipedia]] [[ku:Wikipedia]] [[la:Vicipaedia]] [[lad:ויקיפידיה]] [[lv:Vikipēdija]] [[lt:Vikipedija]] [[lb:Wikipedia]] [[li:Wikipedia]] [[jbo:uikiPEdi,as]] [[hu:Wikipédia]] [[mk:Википедија]] [[mt:Wikipedija]] [[ms:Wikipedia]] [[na:Wikipedia]] [[nl:Wikipedia]] [[nds:Wikipedia]] [[ja:ウィキペディア]] [[no:Wikipedia]] [[nn:Wikipedia]] [[oc:Oiquipedià]] [[pl:Wikipedia]] [[pt:Wikipédia]] [[ro:Wikipedia]] [[qu:Wikipidiya]] [[ru:Википедия]] [[sco:Wikipaedia]] [[sq:Wikipedia]] [[sh:Wikipedia]] [[scn:Wikipedia]] [[simple:Wikipedia]] [[sk:Wikipédia]] [[sl:Wikipedija]] [[so:Wikipedia]] [[sr:Википедија]] [[su:Wikipédia]] [[fi:Wikipedia]] [[sv:Wikipedia]] [[tl:Wikipedia]] [[tt:Wikipedia]] [[th:วิกิพีเดีย]] [[vi:Wikipedia]] [[tpi:Wikipedia]] [[tr:Vikipedi]] [[uk:Вікіпедія]] [[wa:Wikipedia]] [[war:Wikipedia]] [[zh:维基百科]] 5726 2006-06-30T21:25:32Z Kylu 105 /* History */ Using Commons version of Nupedia logo [[Image:Wikipedia-logo.png|150px|right|thumb|The [[Wikipedia logo|''Wikipedia'' logo]].]] '''Wikipedia''' (pronounced as {{IPA|[ˌwiˑkiˈpidi.ə]}} or {{IPA|[ˌwɪki-]}}, also {{IPA|[-ɐ]}}) is a multilingual [[World Wide Web|Web]]-based [[Free content|free-content]] [[encyclopedia]]. Wikipedia is written collaboratively by [[volunteer]]s, allowing articles to be changed by anyone with access to a web browser. The project began on [[January 15]] [[2001]] as a complement to the expert-written [[Nupedia]], and is now operated by the [[Non-profit organization|non-profit]] [[Wikimedia|Wikimedia Foundation]]. Wikipedia has more than 2,550,000 articles, including more than 880,000 in the English-language version. Since its inception, Wikipedia has steadily risen in popularity,{{ref|Popularity}} and its success has spawned several [[#Sister projects|sister projects]]. Wikipedia is regularly cited by both the [[mass media]] and [[academia]], sometimes critically, and sometimes to praise it for its free distribution, editing, and diverse coverage. Editors are encouraged to uphold a policy of "[[neutral point of view]]" under which notable perspectives are summarized without an attempt to determine an [[objectivity (journalism)|objective]] truth. But Wikipedia's status as a [[reference]] work has been controversial. Its open nature allows [[vandalism]], inaccuracy, inconsistency, uneven quality, and unsubstantiated opinions. It has also been [[Criticism of Wikipedia|criticised]] for [[systemic bias]], preference of [[consensus]] to [[credentials]], and a perceived lack of accountability and authority when compared with traditional encyclopedias. There are over 200 [[language]] editions of Wikipedia, around 100 of which are active. Eleven editions have more than 50,000 articles each: [[English Wikipedia|English]], [[German Wikipedia|German]], [[French Wikipedia|French]], [[Japanese Wikipedia|Japanese]], [[Polish Wikipedia|Polish]], [[Italian Wikipedia|Italian]], [[Swedish Wikipedia|Swedish]], [[Dutch Wikipedia|Dutch]], [[Portuguese Wikipedia|Portuguese]], [[Spanish Wikipedia|Spanish]] and [[Chinese Wikipedia|Chinese]]. Its German-language edition has been distributed on [[DVD-ROM]], and many of its other editions are [[Mirror (computing)|mirrored]] or have been [[Fork (software)|forked]] by [[website]]s. ==Characteristics== [[Image:Www.wikipedia.org screenshot.png|250px|thumb|right|Detail of Wikipedia's multilingual portal at http://www.wikipedia.org. Here, the project's largest language editions are shown.]] Wikipedia's slogan is "The Free Encyclopedia that anyone can edit", and the project is described by its founder [[Jimmy Wales]] as "an effort to create and distribute a free encyclopedia of the highest possible quality to every single person on the planet in their own language."{{ref|WalesGoal}} It is developed on the wikipedia.org website using a type of [[computer software|software]] called a "[[wiki]]", a term originally used for the [[Portland Pattern Repository|WikiWikiWeb]] and derived from the [[Hawaiian language|Hawaiian]] ''Wiki Wiki'', which means "quick". Wales intends that Wikipedia should achieve a "''[[Encyclopædia Britannica|Britannica]]'' or better" quality and be published in print. Several other [[Internet encyclopedia project|encyclopedia projects]] exist or have existed on the [[Internet]]. Traditional editorial policies and article ownership are used in some, such as the expert-written ''[[Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]]'' and the now-defunct ''[[Nupedia]]''. More casual websites such as [[H2G2|h2g2]] or [[Everything2]] serve as general guides, the articles of which are written and controlled by individuals. Projects such as Wikipedia, [[Susning.nu]], and the ''[[Enciclopedia Libre]]'' are wikis in which articles are developed by numerous authors, and there is no formal process of review. Wikipedia has become the largest such encyclopedic wiki by article and word-count. Unlike many encyclopedias, it has licensed its content under the [[GNU Free Documentation License]]. Wikipedia has a set of policies identifying types of information appropriate for inclusion. These policies are often cited in disputes over whether particular content should be added, revised, transferred to a sister project, or removed. ===Free-content=== The GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL), the license through which Wikipedia's articles are made available, is one of many "[[copyleft]]" [[copyright]] licenses that permit the redistribution, creation of [[derivative work]]s, and commercial use of content provided its authors are attributed and this content remains available under the GFDL. When an author contributes original material to the project, the [[copyright]] over it is retained with them, but they agree to make the work available under the GFDL. Material on Wikipedia may thus be distributed to, or incorporated from, resources which also use this license. Wikipedia's content has been mirrored or forked by hundreds of resources from database dumps. Although all text is available under the GFDL, a significant percentage of Wikipedia's images and sounds are non-free. Items such as [[corporate logo]]s, song samples, or copyrighted news photos are used with a claim of [[fair use]]. Material has also been given to Wikipedia under no-[[Derivative work|derivative]] or for-Wikipedia-only conditions.{{ref|NonFreeImg}} However, some editions only accept free media. Wikipedia has been used by the media, academics, and others as a reference or supplement. News organizations have referred to Wikipedia articles as sources or in sidebars containing related information on the Web, some regularly.{{ref|Lih}} According to lists maintained by Wikipedia's editors, its articles have been cited most frequently in the [[news media]].{{ref|UsePress}} Less frequently, it has been used in academic studies, books, conferences, and court cases. For instance, the [[Parliament of Canada]] website refers to Wikipedia's article on [[same-sex marriage]] in the "further reading" list of [[Bill C-38]].{{ref|C38}} Noncomprehensive lists of such uses are maintained by ''Wikipedians''. {{ref|Wikipedia_as_a_source}} ===Language editions=== [[Image:Wikipedia growth.png|thumb|300px|Wikipedia's growth has been approximately [[Exponential_growth|exponential]] in several of the major language editions.]] Wikipedia encompasses 119 "active" language editions as of [[March 2005]].{{ref|LangCount}} Its five largest editions are, in descending order, [[English Wikipedia|English]], [[German Wikipedia|German]], [[French Wikipedia|French]], [[Japanese Wikipedia|Japanese]], and [[Polish Wikipedia|Polish]]. In total, Wikipedia contains 205 language editions of varying states with a combined 2.6 million articles.{{ref|AllLangArticles}} Language editions operate independently of one another. Editions are not bound to the content of other language editions, and are only held to global policies such as "neutral point of view". Articles and images are nonetheless shared between Wikipedia editions, the former through pages to request translations organized on many of the larger language editions, and the latter through the [[Wikimedia Commons]] repository. Translated articles represent only a small portion of articles in any edition.{{ref|LangTrans}} The following is a list of the larger editions, sorted by number of articles as of [[18 December]] [[2005]]. (The article count, however, is a very limited metric for comparing the editions. For instance, in some Wikipedia versions nearly half of the articles are [[Wikipedia:Stub|stubs]] which were created automatically by [[Wikipedia:Bot|robots]].) {{ref|ListOfLangEditions}} [[Image:He-Wikipedia.png|right|thumb|330px|An example of Wikipedia's range in language editions; Wikipedia in Hebrew.]] #[[English Wikipedia|English]] ({{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}) #[[German Wikipedia|German]] (329,457) #[[French Wikipedia|French]] (207,851) #[[Japanese Wikipedia|Japanese]] (165,149) #[[Polish Wikipedia|Polish]] (148,963) #[[Italian Wikipedia|Italian]] (126,929) #[[Swedish Wikipedia|Swedish]] (122,207) #[[Dutch Wikipedia|Dutch]] (113,810) #[[Portuguese Wikipedia|Portuguese]] (88,409) #[[Spanish Wikipedia|Spanish]] (80,213) #[[Chinese Wikipedia|Chinese]] (50,168) #[[Russian Wikipedia|Russian]] (49,338) #[[Norwegian Wikipedia|Norwegian Bokmål]] (44,576) #[[Finnish Wikipedia|Finnish]] (41,602) #[[Danish Wikipedia|Danish]] (35,931) ==Editing== [[Image:History comparison example.png|thumb|250px|right|Editors keep track of changes to articles by checking the difference between two revisions of a page, displayed here in red.]] Almost all visitors may edit Wikipedia's articles, and registered users can create new ones and have their changes instantly displayed. Wikipedia is built on the expectation that collaboration among users will improve articles over time, in much the same way that [[Open source|open-source software]] develops. Further, this real-time, collaborative model allows rapid updating of existing topics and introduction of new topics. Its authors need not have any expertise or formal qualifications in the subjects which they edit, and users are warned that their contributions may be "edited mercilessly and redistributed at will" by anyone who so wishes. Its articles are not controlled by any particular user or editorial group. Decision-making on the content and editorial policies of Wikipedia is instead done by [[Consensus decision-making|consensus]] and occasionally by vote. [[Jimmy Wales]] retains final judgement on Wikipedia policies and user guidelines.{{ref|Structure}} By the nature of its [[openness]], "edit wars" and prolonged disputes often occur when editors do not agree.{{ref|EditWar}} A few members of its community have explained its editing process as a collaborative work, a "[[Social Darwinism|socially Darwinian]] [[Evolution|evolutionary]] process"{{ref|WikiExp}}, but this is not generally considered by the community to be an accurate self-description. Articles are always subject to editing, unless the article is protected for a short time due to vandalism or revert wars; therefore, Wikipedia does not declare any article finished. Some users attempt to enter malicious or amusing but irrelevant information, but changes of this sort are normally removed quickly. Regular users often maintain a 'watchlist' of articles of interest to them, so that they are immediately shown which of these articles have changed since their last log in. This allows monitoring of daily editing to prevent false information and spam, and also to keep up with other editors' views, or updates, of the subjects on the watchlist. Because of the Wiki-principle, all edits of a Wikipedia article are kept in an edit history which can be looked at by everyone. Therefore, Wikipedia is also the first major encyclopedia ever where everybody can see how an article evolved over time and if, how and where the content of an article was controversial. All controversial standpoints which were once voiced and afterwards deleted and even plain page vandalism remain visible for everyone and provide additional information about the article's topic and its degree of controversy and add the dimension of time to every article. == Distribution == Wikipedia content is being distributed in several ways. In addition to the main Web site at ''wikipedia.org'', its content is mirrored on many other web servers. Aside from distribution in online form, printed and print-ready versions of Wikipedia gain popularity. So called [[WikiReader]]s have been started by German Wikipedia in late February 2004 with Thomas Karcher's WikiReader about [[Sweden]] being the first. German WikiReaders about Sweden, [[Nauru]], and [[Internet]] are available in print form from http://www.wikireader.de and several others as print-ready [[PDF]] files with printed versions in preparation for sale. Following this example, WikiReader projects have been initiated from Chinese, English, French, and Polish Wikipedians. Also in preparation is a collection of paperback books by [http://wikipress.wikidev.net/ WikiPress] with [[November 1]] [[2005]] as planned release date. CD and DVD versions of Wikipedia are also available. The German Wikipedia project was the first with a shipped release in 2004, being currently in its second edition (ISBN 3-89853-020-5). The English Wikipedia is expected to follow at the end of 2005.{{ref|WikipediaCD}} The Wikipedia is currently available for [[handhelds]] in the following languages: English, German, Spanish, French, Polish, Italian and Esperanto. The reader software [[TomeRaider]] required to access the Wikipedia data files is shareware (around $20 as of Nov. 2005). The data files themselves can be downloaded free of charge from the Wikipedia [http://download.wikimedia.org/tomeraider/current_tr3/ download area], purchased on CD, or compiled using conversion scripts. [http://members.chello.nl/epzachte/Wikipedia/ Instructions] can be found on the page of the script author Erik Zachte. On most handhelds the huge size of the Wikipedia data files requires an extension card. == History == {{main|History of Wikipedia}} [[Image:Nupedia.jpg|thumb||250px|Wikipedia "originated" from ''[[Nupedia]]''.]] Wikipedia began as a complementary project of ''[[Nupedia]]'', a free online encyclopedia project whose articles were written by experts through a formal process. Nupedia was founded on [[9 March]] [[2000]] under the ownership of [[Bomis|Bomis, Inc]], a Web portal company. Its principal figures were [[Jimmy Wales]], Bomis [[CEO]], and [[Larry Sanger]], [[editor-in-chief]] for Nupedia and later Wikipedia. Nupedia was described by Sanger as differing from existing encyclopedias in being [[open content]]; not having size limitations, as it was on the [[Internet]]; and being free of bias, due to its public nature and potentially broad base of contributors.{{ref|SangerNupediaPurpose}} Nupedia had a seven-step review process by appointed subject-area experts, but was later widely viewed as too slow for producing a limited number of articles. Funded by Bomis, there were initial plans to recoup its investment by the use of advertisements.{{ref|NupediaAds}} It was licensed under its own Nupedia Open Content License initially, switching to the GNU Free Documentation License prior to Wikipedia's founding at the urging of [[Richard Stallman]]. [[Image:WikipediaHomePage30March200.png|thumb|300px|right|Wikipedia's English edition on [[March 20]], [[2001]], two and a half months after its founding.]] On January 10, 2001, Larry Sanger proposed on the Nupedia mailing list to create a wiki alongside Nupedia. Under the subject "Let's make a wiki", he wrote: <blockquote> No, this is not an indecent proposal. It's an idea to add a little feature to Nupedia. Jimmy Wales thinks that many people might find the idea objectionable, but I think not. (...) As to Nupedia's use of a wiki, this is the ULTIMATE "open" and simple format for developing content. We have occasionally bandied about ideas for simpler, more open projects to either replace or supplement Nupedia. It seems to me wikis can be implemented practically instantly, need very little maintenance, and in general are very low-risk. They're also a potentially great source for content. So there's little downside, as far as I can see. [http://web.archive.org/web/20030414014355/http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html] </blockquote> Wikipedia was formally launched on [[15 January]] [[2001]], as a single English-language edition at wikipedia.com, and announced by Sanger on the Nupedia mailing list. [http://web.archive.org/web/20010506042824/www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000684.html] It had been, from [[10 January]], a feature of Nupedia.com in which the public could write articles that could be incorporated into Nupedia after review. It was relaunched off-site after Nupedia's Advisory Board of subject experts disapproved of its production model.{{ref|SangerAB}} Wikipedia thereafter operated as a standalone project without control from Nupedia. Its policy of "neutral point-of-view" was codified in its initial months, though it is similar to Nupedia's earlier "nonbias" policy. There were otherwise few rules initially. Wikipedia gained early contributors from Nupedia, [[Slashdot]] postings, and [[search engine]] indexing. It grew to approximately 20,000 articles among 18 language editions by the end of its first year. It had 26 language editions by the end of 2002, 46 by the end of 2003, and 161 by the end of 2004.{{ref|HistLangCount}} Nupedia and Wikipedia coexisted until the former's servers went down, permanently, in 2003, and its text was incorporated into Wikipedia. Wales and Sanger attribute the concept of using a wiki to [[Ward Cunningham]]'s WikiWikiWeb or [[Portland Pattern Repository]]. Wales mentioned that he heard the concept first from Jeremy Rosenfeld, an employee of Bomis who showed him the same wiki, in [[December 2000]],{{ref|WalesRosenfeld}} but it was after Sanger heard of its existence from Ben Kovitz, a regular at this wiki, in [[January 2001]],{{ref|SangerKovitz}} and proposed a creation of a wiki for Nupedia to Wales that Wikipedia's history started. Under a similar concept of free content, though not wiki production, the [[GNUPedia]] project existed alongside Nupedia early in its history. It subsequently became inactive and its creator, [[free software|free-software]] figure [[Richard Stallman]], lent his support to Wikipedia.{{ref|Stallman}} Citing fear of commercial advertising and lack of control in a perceived English-centric Wikipedia, users of the [[Spanish Wikipedia|Spanish Wikipedia]] forked from Wikipedia to create the ''[[Enciclopedia Libre]]'' in [[February 2002]]. Later that year, Wales announced that Wikipedia would not display [[Advertising|advertisements]], and moved its website to wikipedia.org. Projects have since forked from Wikipedia's content for editorial reasons, such as [[Wikinfo]], which abandoned "neutral point-of-view" in favor of multiple complementary articles written from a "sympathetic point-of-view." From Wikipedia and Nupedia, the Wikimedia Foundation was created on [[June 20]], [[2003]].{{ref|Wikimedia}} Wikipedia and its sister projects thereafter operated under this [[non-profit organization]]. Wikipedia's first sister project, "In Memoriam: September 11 Wiki" had been created in [[October 2002]] to detail the [[September 11, 2001 attacks]]; [[Wiktionary]], a dictionary project, was launched in [[December 2002]]; [[Wikiquotes]], a collection of quotes, a week after Wikimedia launched; and [[Wikibooks]], a collection of collaboratively-written free books, the next month. Wikimedia has since started a number of other projects, detailed below. Wikipedia has traditionally measured its status by article count. In its first two years, it grew at a few hundred or less new articles per day. The English Wikipedia reached a 100,000 article milestone on [[January 22]], [[2003]]. In 2004, its article growth rate was approximately 1,000 to 3,000 per day in all editions. In the English edition it reached 500,000 articles on [[February 25]], [[2004]].{{ref|HalfMillion}} Wikipedia reached its one millionth article among 105 language editions on [[September 20]], [[2004]].{{ref|WikimediaMillion}} The brand ''Wikipedia'' has been [[trademark]]ed in the [[European Union]] (January 20th 2005), [[Japan]] (December 16th, 2004) and the [[USA]] (September 14th, 2004) in the area "Provision of [[information]] in the field of general encyclopedic knowledge via the [[Internet]]" by the Wikimedia Foundation. There are currently plans to license the usage of the Wikipedia trademark for some products like [[book]]s or [[DVD]]s. [http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/ew/2005/12/05/stories/2005120500070100.htm] Details are described on [[meta:Wikimedia trademarks]]. ===Software and hardware=== [[Image:Floridaserversfront1.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Wikipedia receives over 1000 page views per second. Around 100 servers have been set up to handle the traffic.]] Wikipedia is run by [[MediaWiki]] [[free software]] on a cluster of dedicated servers located in [[Florida]] and three other locations around the world. MediaWiki is Phase III of the program's software. Originally, Wikipedia ran on [[UseModWiki]] by [[Clifford Adams]] (Phase I). At first it required [[CamelCase]] for links; later it was also possible to use double brackets. Wikipedia began running on a [[PHP]] [[wiki software|wiki engine]] with a [[MySQL]] [[database]] in January 2002. This software, Phase II, was written specifically for the Wikipedia project by Magnus Manske. Several rounds of modifications were made to improve performance in response to increased demand. Ultimately, the software was rewritten again, this time by Lee Daniel Crocker. Instituted in July 2002, this Phase III software was called MediaWiki. It was licensed under the [[GNU General Public License]] and used by all Wikimedia projects. Wikipedia was served from a single server until 2003, when the server setup was expanded into an [[n-tier]] distributed architecture. In January 2005, the project ran on 39 dedicated servers located in [[Florida]]. This configuration included a single master database server running [[MySQL]], multiple slave database servers, 21 web servers running the [[Apache HTTP Server|Apache]] software, and seven [[Squid cache]] servers. By September 2005, its server cluster had grown to around 100 servers in four locations around the world. Page requests are processed by first passing to a front-end layer of [[Squid cache|Squid caching]] servers. Requests that cannot be served from the Squid cache are sent to two load-balancing servers running the [[Perlbal]] software, which then pass the request to one of the Apache web servers for page-rendering from the database. The web servers serve pages as requested, performing page rendering for all the Wikipedias. To increase speed further, rendered pages for anonymous users are cached in a filesystem until invalidated, allowing page rendering to be skipped entirely for most common page accesses. Wikimedia has begun building a global network of [[Squid cache|caching servers]] with the addition of three such servers in [[France]]. A new Dutch cluster is also online now. In spite of all this, Wikipedia page load times remain quite variable. The ongoing status of Wikipedia's website is posted by users at a [http://openfacts.berlios.de/index-en.phtml?title=Wikipedia_Status status page] on [[OpenFacts]]. [[Image:Wikimedia.png|thumb|right|130px|Wikimedia's Logo]] ==Sister projects== Wikipedia has sister projects that fulfill non-encyclopedic roles. All of them are [[multilingual]], [[free content]] [[wiki|wikis]] administered by the [[Wikimedia|Wikimedia Foundation]]. These include: *[[Wikibooks|Wikibooks]], for free [[textbook|textbooks]]; *[[Wikinews|Wikinews]], for free [[news]]; *[[Wikiquote|Wikiquote]], a free anthology of [[quotations|quotations]]; *[[Wikisource|Wikisource]], a free [[library]]; *[[Wikispecies|Wikispecies]], a free directory of life; *and [[Wiktionary|Wiktionary]], a free [[dictionary]]. In addition, two special projects serve ''all'' of the sister projects (including Wikipedia) in all of their languages at once. These are: #the [[Wikimedia Commons]], which is a shared media repository (images, sound, video) that can be utilized by all [[Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia]] wikis; #and the [[Meta-Wiki|Wikimedia Meta-Wiki]] for coordination and planning across all projects. ==Alternative spellings== Here is a list of alternate spellings for Wikipedia according to the language editions: *ويكيبيديا - [[:ar:|Arabic]] *Uichipedia - [[:roa-rup:|Aromanian]] *Vicipéid - [[:ga:|Irish]] *Vikipedio - [[:eo:|Esperanto]] *Vikipedi - [[:tr:|Turkish]] *Viquipèdia - [[:ca:|Catalan]] *Vicipaedia - [[:la:|Latin]] *Wicipedia - [[:cy:|Welsh]] *Wikipédia - [[:fr:|French]], [[:pt:|Portuguese]], [[:hu:|Hungarian]] *Wikipedia - English, [[:br:|Breton]], [[:da:|Danish]], [[:nl:|Dutch]], [[:fi:|Finnish]], [[:so:|Somali]], [[:de:|German]], [[:it:|Italian]], [[:na:|Nauruan]], [[:no:|Norwegian]], [[:pl:|Polish]], [[:scn:|Sicilian]], [[:es:|Spanish]], [[:sv:|Swedish]], [[:tl:|Tagalog]] *Wikipedio - [[:io:|Ido]] *วิกิพีเดีย - [[:th:|Thai]] *ウィキペディア - [[:ja:|Japanese]] *维基百科 - [[:zh:|Chinese]] *Βικιπαίδεια - [[:el:|Greek]] *Уикипедия - [[:bg:|Bulgarian]] *ויקיפדיה - [[:he:|Hebrew]] *ויקיפעדיע - [[:yi:|Yiddish]] *Википедия - [[:ru:|Русский]] *Вікіпедія - [[:uk:|Українська]] *Wikipedija - [[:bs:|Bosanski]], , [[:hr:|Hrvatski]], [[:sh:|Srpskohrvatski/Српскохрватски]], [[:sl:|Slovenian]] *ویکیپدیا - [[:fa:|Farsi]] *Википедиja - [[:mk:|Македонски]], [[:sh:|Srpskohrvatski/Српскохрватски]], [[:sr:|Cpпcки]] *ვიკიპედია - [[:ka:|Georgian]] *िविकिपिडया - [[:hi:|Hindi]] *ویـکـیـپـیـڈ یـا - [[:ur:|Urdu]] *uikiPEdi,as - [[:jbo:|Lojban]] *위키백과 - [[:ko:|한국어(Korean)]] {{listdev}} ==See also==  * [[Internet encyclopedia project]] * [[Uncyclopedia]], [[parody]] of Wikipedia * [[Criticism of Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Who_writes_Wikipedia|Who writes Wikipedia]] ==References==   <div style="font-size: 90%"> #{{note|Popularity}}See plots at "[http://en.wikipedia.org/wikistats/EN/PlotsPngUsageVisits.htm Visits per day]", Wikipedia Statistics, [[1 January]] [[2005]].  #{{note|WalesGoal}}[[Jimmy Wales]], "[http://mail.wikipedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2005-March/038102.html Wikipedia is an encyclopedia]", [[8 March]] [[2005]], <wikipedia-l@wikimedia.org>.  #{{note|NonFreeImg}}For example, see statistics and licenses on the English edition at "[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_copyright_tags Wikipedia:Image copyright tags]", Wikipedia ([[9 March]] [[2005]]). #{{note|Lih}}Andrew Lih, "[http://jmsc.hku.hk/faculty/alih/publications/utaustin-2004-wikipedia-rc2.pdf Wikipedia as Participatory Journalism: Reliable Sources? Metrics for evaluating collaborative media as a news resource]" ([[Portable Document Format|PDF]]), ''5th International Symposium on Online Journalism'', April 2004. #{{note|UsePress}}"[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_as_a_press_source_2005 Wikipedia:Wikipedia as a press source 2005]", Wikipedia ([[28 March]] [[2005]]). #{{note|C38}}"[http://www.parl.gc.ca/LEGISINFO/index.asp?Lang=E&Chamber=C&StartList=2&EndList=200&Session=13&Type=0&Scope=I&query=4381&List=toc C-38]", LEGISINFO ([[28 March]] [[2005]]). #{{note|Wikipedia_as_a_source}} [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_as_a_source Wikipedia:Wikipedia as a source]  #{{note|LangCount}}"[http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Complete_list_of_language_Wikipedias_available Complete list of language Wikipedias available]", Meta-Wiki ([[22 May]] [[2005]]). #{{note|AllLangArticles}}"[http://en.wikipedia.org/wikistats/EN/TablesWikipediaZZ.htm All languages]", Wikipedia statistics, [[21 March]] [[2005]]. #{{note|LangTrans}}For example, "[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation_into_English Wikipedia: Translation into English]," Wikipedia. ([[9 March]] [[2005]]). #{{note|ListOfLangEditions}}"[http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Complete_list_of_language_Wikipedias_available Complete list of language Wikipedias available]", Meta Wikimedia ([[28 March]] [[2005]]).  #{{note|Structure}}"[http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Power_structure Power structure]", Meta-Wiki, 10:55 [[4 April]] [[2005]]. #{{note|EditWar}}"[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Edit_war Wikipedia:Edit war]", Wikipedia ([[26 March]] [[2005]]). #{{note|WikiExp}}"[http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_sociology Wikipedia sociology]", Meta-Wiki, 23:30 [[24 March]] [[2005]].  #{{note|WikipediaCD}} {{Citenewsauthor | surname=O'Neill | given=Rob | title=World of knowledge in your hands | date=20 September 2005 | org=Sydney Morning Herald | url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/next/world-of-knowledge-in-your-hands/2005/09/19/1126981972296.html}}  #{{note|SangerNupediaPurpose}}Larry Sanger, "[http://web.archive.org/web/20000510132952/www.nupedia.com/interview.html Q & A about Nupedia]", Nupedia, March 2000. #{{note|NupediaAds}}Larry Sanger, "Q & A about Nupedia", Nupedia, March 2000. #{{note|SangerAB}} {{Citenewsauthor | surname=Sanger | given=Larry | title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir | date=18 April 2005 | org=Slashdot | url=http://features.slashdot.org/features/05/04/18/164213.shtml}} #{{note|HistLangCount}}"[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Multilingual_statistics Wikipedia:Multilingual statistics]", Wikipedia, [[30 March]] [[2005]]. #{{note|WalesRosenfeld}}Jimmy Wales, "[http://mail.wikipedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2005-April/039093.html Re: Sanger's memoirs]", [[20 April]] [[2005]],<wikipedia-l@wikipedia.org>. #{{note|SangerKovitz}} {{Citenewsauthor | surname=Sanger | given=Larry | title=The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir | date=18 April 2005 | org=Slashdot | url=http://features.slashdot.org/features/05/04/18/164213.shtml}} #{{note|Stallman}} {{Citenewsauthor | surname=Stallman | given=Richard | title=The Free Encyclopedia Project | date=1999 | org=Free Software Foundation | url=http://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/encyclopedia.html}} #{{note|Wikimedia}} {{Citenewsauthor | surname=Wales | given=Jimmy | title=Announcing Wikimedia Foundation | date=20 June 2003 | org= | url=http://sciarc.blogspot.com/}}, an archive of the wikipedia-l@wikimedia.org mailing list. #{{note|HalfMillion}}"[http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_press_releases/500%2C000_Wikipedia_articles 500,000 Wikipedia articles]", Wikimedia Foundation, [[25 February]] [[2004]]. #{{note|WikimediaMillion}}See "[http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_press_releases/One_million_Wikipedia_articles_(US) Wikipedia Reaches One Million Articles]", Wikimedia Foundation, [[20 September]] [[2004]]. </div> ==Further reading== {{sisterlinks|Wikipedia}} *Fernanda B. Viegas, Martin Wattenberg, and Kushal Dave, "[http://web.media.mit.edu/~fviegas/papers/history_flow.pdf Studying Cooperation and Conflict between Authors with ''history flow'' Visualizations]", CHI 2004 [[April 24]] - [[April 29]] [[2004]]. Preliminary report "[http://researchweb.watson.ibm.com/history/ History Flow]" available on the IBM website. *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_in_academic_studies Wikipedia:Wikipedia in academic studies] *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Introduction Wikipedia:Introduction] *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ Wikipedia:FAQ] *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Press_releases Wikipedia:Press releases] *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Press_coverage Wikipedia:Press coverage] *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Why_Wikipedia_is_not_so_great Wikipedia:Why Wikipedia is not so great] *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Replies_to_common_objections Wikipedia:Replies to common objections] *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wikistats/EN/Sitemap.htm Statistics] *[[Open Directory Project]]: [http://dmoz.org/Computers/Open_Source/Open_Content/Encyclopedias/Wikipedia/ Wikipedia] *[[OpenFacts]]: [http://openfacts.berlios.de/index-en.phtml?title=Copies_of_Wikipedia_content Copies of Wikipedia content] *[[SourceWatch]]: [http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Wikipedia Wikipedia] ==External links== {{Spoken Wikipedia|Wikipedia.ogg|2005-06-25}} *[http://www.wikipedia.org wikipedia.org], multi-lingual portal *[http://en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org], [[English language]] edition *[http://meta.wikipedia.org/ Meta-Wiki], policy-related and technical discussions regarding [[Wikimedia]] *[http://www.wikimediafoundation.org Wikimedia Foundation], parent organization of Wikipedia *[http://www.memorywiki.org/en/The_Origins_of_Wikipedia%2C_2001%2C_by_Larry_Sanger Larry Sanger on the origins of Wikipedia from MemoryWiki.org] *[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/4502846.stm BBC article showing flaws in wikipedia] *[http://www.guardian.co.uk/online/story/0,3605,1546162,00.html Guardian UK article] * "[http://www.npost.com/interview.jsp?intID=INT00126 Interview with Wikipedia founder Jimmy Wales]," nPost, [[November 1]] [[2005]]. *[http://www.neptunepinkfloyd.co.uk/ Good example of making use of Wiki on a Pink Floyd website] *[http://www.asciiartfarts.com/wikipedia.html Wikipedia ASCII Art Collection], with rss-feed and XML serialization *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost Wikipedia Signpost], newspaper about the English Wikipedia *[http://www.newsxs.com/en/search/?search=quick_search&word=Wikipedia&lang=any&qs=Go Wikipedia in the news]. Aggregated news and rss-feed.(Multilingual) *[http://news.com.com/2061-11199_3-5983234.html?part=rss&tag=5983234&subj=news Why Wikipedia will survive the storm], from News.com *[http://computer.howstuffworks.com/wiki.htm How Stuff Works-Wikipedia], A brief guide about how Wikipedia works *[http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/online-encyclopedias-put-to-the-test/2005/12/14/1134500913345.html ''Nature'' comparison between Wikipedia and Britannica] *[http://www.kapitalism.net/thoughts/wikipedia.htm Criticism of the Wikipedia], An opinion of the downside of Wikipedia. [[Category:Encyclopedias]] [[Category:Wikipedia| ]] {{Link FA|it}} [[af:Wikipedia]] [[ang:Wicipǽdia]] [[ar:ويكيبيديا]] [[roa-rup:Uichipedia]] [[ast:Uiquipedia]] [[ay:Wikipedia]] [[be:Вікіпэдыя]] [[bg:Уикипедия]] [[bm:Wikipedia]] [[zh-min-nan:Wikipedia]] [[bn:উইকিপিডিয়া]] [[bs:Wikipedija]] [[ca:Viquipèdia]] [[ceb:Wikipedya]] [[cv:Википеди]] [[chr:ᏫᎩᏇᏗᏯ]] [[cs:Wikipedie]] [[cy:Wicipedia]] [[da:Wikipedia]] [[de:Wikipedia]] [[et:Vikipeedia]] [[el:Βικιπαίδεια]] [[als:Wikipedia]] [[es:Wikipedia]] [[eo:Vikipedio]] [[eu:Wikipedia]] [[fa:ویکیپدیا]] [[fo:Wikipedia]] [[fj:Wikipedia]] [[fr:Wikipédia]] [[fur:Vichipedie]] [[ga:Vicipéid]] [[gl:Wikipedia]] [[gu:વિકિપીડિયા]] [[ko:위키백과]] [[ht:Wikipedia]] [[hy:Վիքիփեդիա]] [[hi:िविकिपिडया]] [[hr:Wikipedia]] [[id:Wikipedia]] [[ilo:Wikipedia]] [[ia:Wikipedia]] [[is:Wikipedia]] [[it:Wikipedia]]{{Link FA|it}} [[he:ויקיפדיה]] [[kn:ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ]] [[csb:Wikipedijô]] [[kw:Wikipedia]] [[ku:Wikipedia]] [[la:Vicipaedia]] [[lad:ויקיפידיה]] [[lv:Vikipēdija]] [[lt:Vikipedija]] [[lb:Wikipedia]] [[li:Wikipedia]] [[jbo:uikiPEdi,as]] [[hu:Wikipédia]] [[mk:Википедија]] [[mt:Wikipedija]] [[ms:Wikipedia]] [[na:Wikipedia]] [[nl:Wikipedia]] [[nds:Wikipedia]] [[ja:ウィキペディア]] [[no:Wikipedia]] [[nn:Wikipedia]] [[oc:Oiquipedià]] [[pl:Wikipedia]] [[pt:Wikipédia]] [[ro:Wikipedia]] [[qu:Wikipidiya]] [[ru:Википедия]] [[sco:Wikipaedia]] [[sq:Wikipedia]] [[sh:Wikipedia]] [[scn:Wikipedia]] [[simple:Wikipedia]] [[sk:Wikipédia]] [[sl:Wikipedija]] [[so:Wikipedia]] [[sr:Википедија]] [[su:Wikipédia]] [[fi:Wikipedia]] [[sv:Wikipedia]] [[tl:Wikipedia]] [[tt:Wikipedia]] [[th:วิกิพีเดีย]] [[vi:Wikipedia]] [[tpi:Wikipedia]] [[tr:Vikipedi]] [[uk:Вікіпедія]] [[wa:Wikipedia]] [[war:Wikipedia]] [[zh:维基百科]] Buddha 1687 4786 2005-12-26T17:32:30Z Natkeeran 49 to generate stats, please translate [[Image:Buddha_image_-_white_stone.jpg|thumb|left|A stone image of the Buddha.]] '''Buddha''' ([[Sanskrit]], [[Pali]], others: literally '''Awakened One''', from the root: ''√budh'', "to awaken") is a title used in [[Buddhism]] for anyone who has discovered their [[Bodhi|enlightenment]] (''bodhi''), although it is commonly used to refer to ''[[Gautama Buddha|Siddhartha Gautama]]'', the historical founder of Buddhism. {{buddhism}} Generally, Buddhists do not consider Siddhartha Gautama—who lived from about [[623 BC|623 BC]] to [[543 BC|543 BC]], and attained ''bodhi'' around [[588 BC|588 BC]]—to have been the first or the last Buddha. From the standpoint of classical [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] doctrine, a ''Buddha'' is anyone who rediscovers the [[Dharma]] and achieves [[Bodhi|enlightenment]], having amassed sufficient positive [[karma]] to do so. There have existed many such beings in the course of cosmic time. Hence, Gautama Buddha (known by the religious name ''Shakyamuni'') is one member of a spiritual lineage of Supreme Buddhas going back to the dim past and forward into the distant future. His immediate predecessor was [[Dipankara]] Buddha, and his successor will be named [[Maitreya]]. Buddhism recognises [[three types of Buddha]], of which the simple term ''Buddha'' is normally reserved for the first type, that of Samyaksam-buddha (Pali: ''Samma-Sambuddha''). The attainment of [[Nirvana]] is exactly the same, but a Samyaksam-buddha expresses more qualities and capacities than the other two. The historical Buddha seems to have presented himself not as a god or savior, but as a teacher capable of guiding sentient beings out of [[samsara]]. Nevertheless, many forms of Buddhism do recognize savior-type figures. The technical differences between Buddhas, [[bodhisattva]]s, [[dharmapala]]s (protector deities), [[yidam]]s ("tutelery deities"), and "gods" (Sanskrit ''deva'', Tibetan ''lha'') often blur in practical devotion. Nonetheless, all are seen within the mainstream Buddhist context as being empty of inherent existence, a quality no theistic religion would ascribe to its "god". Certain teachings of the Buddha in a number of Mahayana sutras, however, vigorously oppose the idea that even the Buddha (in his ultimate [[Dharmakaya]] mode) is not truly and eternally Real (see "Eternal Buddha" section below): according to this less widespread doctrine, only the realm of samsara has no enduring essence, whereas to assert the same of the Buddha is to commit a grave offence and to stray dangerously from the path of authentic Dharma (see [[Nirvana Sutra]]). [[Image:longmen-hidden-stream-temple-cave-amitabha.jpg|thumb|A [[Tang]] Dynasty sculpture of [[Amitabha]] Buddha, found in the Hidden Stream Temple Cave, [[Longmen Grottoes]], [[China]] indicates.]] The awakened bliss of [[Nirvana]], according to Buddhism, is available to all beings—although orthodoxy holds that one must first be born as a human being. Emphasizing this universal availability, Buddhism refers to many Buddhas and also to many [[bodhisattva]]s - beings committed to Enlightenment, who vow to *(from the Nikaya view) postpone their own Nirvana in order to assist others on the path, or *(from the Mahayana view) secure Awakening/Nirvana for themselves first and thereafter continue to liberate all other beings from suffering for all time. == Eternal Buddha == [[Image:Buddhastatueinhyderabad.jpg|right|thumb|250px|A statue of Lord Buddha in [[Hyderabad]], India.]] The idea of an everlasting Buddha is a notion popularly associated with the Mahayana scripture, the [[Lotus Sutra]]. That [[sutra]] has the Buddha indicate that he became Awakened countless, immeasurable, inconceivable myriads of trillions of aeons ("kalpas") ago and that his lifetime is "forever existing and immortal". From the human perspective, it seems as though the Buddha has always existed. The sutra itself, however, does not directly employ the phrase "eternal Buddha"; yet similar notions are found in other Mahayana scriptures, notably the [[Mahaparinirvana Sutra]], which presents the Buddha as the ultimately real, eternal ("nitya"/ "sasvata"), unchanging, blissful, pure Self ([[Atman]]) who, as the [[Dharmakaya]], knows of no beginning or end. The ''All-Creating King Tantra'' additionally contains a [[panentheism|panentheistic]] vision of Samantabhadra Buddha as the eternal, primordial Buddha, the Awakened Mind of [[bodhi]], who declares: "From the primordial, I am the Buddhas of the three times [i.e. past, present and future]." The notion of an eternal Buddha perhaps finds resonance with the earlier idea of eternal Dharma/Nirvana, of which the Buddha is said to be an embodiment. The doctrine of an eternal Buddha is not, however, a feature of Theravada Buddhism. The Elders' School of Buddhism, which claims to preserve the original teachings of the Buddha from the first great recital (the second led the way to the division into Theravada and Mahayana), places great value on the Master's words that 'none is eternal', and believes that even the life of an enlightened one does indeed have an end. Also appearing in Theravada is the notion of [[anatta]] as one of the 'trilakshana'(the three characteristics of reality): this embodies the idea that there is no definite, fixed, unchanging entity constituting a "person" that passes from one life to the next; Theravadin interpretation (along with that of most other Buddhist schools) of "anatta" also denies the existence of a fixed, unchanging, everenduring personal soul. The concept in place of the soul is the 'Bhava' ("becoming"), which is an ongoing flow of karmically projected energies that derive from, and give rise to, volitional thoughts and emotion. Mahayana Buddhism, on the other hand, regards such teaching as incomplete and offers the complementary doctrine of a pure Selfhood (the eternal yet unsubstantial hypostasis of the Buddha) which no longer generates karma and which subsists eternally in the realm of Nirvana, from which sphere help to suffering worldly beings can be sent forth in the forms of various transitory physical Buddhas ("nirmanakayas"). While the bodies of these corporeal Buddhas are subject to disease, decline and death - like all impermanent things - the salvational [[Tathagata]] or [[Dharmakaya]] behind them is forever free from impairment, impermanence or mortality. It is this transcendent yet immanent Dharmakaya-Buddha which is taught in certain major Mahayana sutras to be immutable and eternal and is intimately linked with Dharma itself. According to the [[Mahayana Mahaparinirvana Sutra]], worldly beings fail to see this eternality of the Buddha and his Truth (Dharma). The Buddha comments there: "I say that those who do not know that the Tathagata [Buddha] is eternal are the foremost of the congenitally blind." This view, it should be noted, is foreign to mainstream Theravada Buddhism.Buddha was born in Nepal. ==32 Marks of the Buddha== 1. He places his foot evenly on the floor 2. The soles of his feet are imprinted with wheels 3. He has projecting heels 4. He has long fingers and toes 5. He has soft and tender hands and feet 6. He has webbed hands and feet 7. He has arched feet 8. He has legs like an antelope 9. When he stands upright his hands reach down to his knees 10. His male organ is covered with a sheath 11. His complexion has a golden sheen 12. His skin is so smooth that no dust clings to it 13. Each hair on his skin grows from a single pore 14. The hair on his skin is blue-black, curly and turns at the end to the right 15. His limbs are straight like those of a god 16. There are seven convex surfaces on his body - four behind his limbs, two behind his shoulders and one behind his trunk 17. His torso is like that of a lion 18. The furrow between his shoulders is absent 19. His body is perfectly proportioned - the span of his arms is the same as his height 20. His neck and shoulders are evenly proportioned 21. His taste is exceptionally sensitive 22. His jaws are like those of a lion's 23. He has forty teeth 24. His teeth are even 25. There are no gaps in his teeth 26. His teeth are white and shining 27. He has a long tongue 28. He has a divine voice 29. He has deep blue eyes 30. He has eyelashes like those of an ox 31. He has soft white hair growing between his eyebrows 32. His head is shaped like a turban the two, are excellently smooth ==Names of the Buddhas== In most Theravada countries, it is the custom for Buddhists to hold elaborate festivals to honor 28 Buddhas. In the Chronicle of the Buddhas (the Buddhavamsa), mention is made of only 24 Buddhas having arisen before [[Gautama Buddha]]. The following are the names of 28 Buddhas: 1. Tanhankara, 2. Medhankara, 3. Saranankara, 4. Dipankara, 5. Kondnna, 6. Managala, 7. Sumana, 8. Revata, 9. Sobhita, 10. Anomadassi, 11. Paduma, 12. Narada, 13. Padumuttara, 14. Sumedha, 15. Sujata, 16. Piyadassi, 17. Atthadassi, 18. Dhammadassi, 19. Siddhatta, 20. Tissa, 21. Phussa, 22. Vipassi, 23. Sikhi, 24. Vessabhu, 25. Kakusandha, 26. Konagamana, 27. Kassapa, 28. [[Gautama]] ==Sources== *''The Threefold Lotus Sutra'' (Kosei Publishing, Tokyo 1975), tr. by B. Kato, Y. Tamura, and K. Miyasaka, revised by W. Soothill, W. Schiffer, and P. Del Campana *''The Mahayana Mahaparinirvana Sutra'' (Nirvana Publications, London, 1999-2000), tr. by K. Yamamoto, ed. and revised by Dr. Tony Page *''The Sovereign All-Creating Mind: The Motherly Buddha'' (Sri Satguru Publications, Delhi 1992), tr. by E.K. Neumaier-Dargyay *''Buddha - The Compassionate Teacher'' (2002), by K.M.M.Swe ==See also== {{commons|Buddha}}{{wikiquotepar|Gautama Buddha}} *[[Trikaya]] *[[List of founders of major religions]] *[[Buddha Statues of Bamiyan]] *[[List of Buddha claimants]] * [[Buddha-nature]] * [[Tathagatagarbha]] * [[Atman (Buddhism)]] * [[God in Buddhism]] ==External links== * [http://www.edepot.com/buddha.html Collection of most famous Buddha pictures and Buddhism texts.] * [http://www.bswa.org Hundreds of free buddhist talks and huge forum.] *[http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00ambedkar/ambedkar_buddha/ The Buddha and His Dhamma] *[http://www.meditateinlondon.org.uk/about-buddha.php About Buddha - the Founder of Buddhism] *[http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/index.htm Buddhist Studies] *[http://www.e-sangha.com E-Sangha Buddhism Portal] *[http://www.buddhanature.com Songs and Meditations of the Tibetan Dhyani Buddhas] *http://www.nirvanasutra.org.uk The Complete Text of the Mahaparinirvana Sutra, on the eternal nature of the Buddha [[Category:Buddhism]] [[Category:Forms of Vishnu]] [[ba:Будда]] [[bg:Буда]] [[cs:Buddha]] [[da:Buddha]] [[de:Buddha]] [[es:Buda]] [[eo:Budho]] [[fr:Bouddha]] [[id:Buddha]] [[it:Buddha]] [[ja:仏陀]] [[jv:Buddha]] [[ko:부처]] [[he:גאוטמה בודהא]] [[hu:Buddha]] [[ms:Buddha]] [[nl:Boeddha]] [[nds:Buddha]] [[pl:Budda]] [[pt:Buda]] [[ro:Buddha]] [[ru:Будда]] [[sk:Budha]] [[sl:Buda]] [[sr:Буда]] [[sv:Buddha]] [[th:พระพุทธเจ้า]] [[vi:Bụt]] [[tpi:Buda]] [[uk:Сиддхартха Гаутама Будда]] [[zh:佛]] 4787 2005-12-26T17:34:02Z Natkeeran 49 to generate stats, please translate [[Image:Buddha_image_-_white_stone.jpg|thumb|left|A stone image of the Buddha.]] '''Buddha''' ([[Sanskrit]], [[Pali]], others: literally '''Awakened One''', from the root: ''√budh'', "to awaken") is a title used in [[Buddhism]] for anyone who has discovered their [[Bodhi|enlightenment]] (''bodhi''), although it is commonly used to refer to ''[[Gautama Buddha|Siddhartha Gautama]]'', the historical founder of Buddhism. {{buddhism}} Generally, Buddhists do not consider Siddhartha Gautama—who lived from about [[623 BC|623 BC]] to [[543 BC|543 BC]], and attained ''bodhi'' around [[588 BC|588 BC]]—to have been the first or the last Buddha. From the standpoint of classical [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] doctrine, a ''Buddha'' is anyone who rediscovers the [[Dharma]] and achieves [[Bodhi|enlightenment]], having amassed sufficient positive [[karma]] to do so. There have existed many such beings in the course of cosmic time. Hence, Gautama Buddha (known by the religious name ''Shakyamuni'') is one member of a spiritual lineage of Supreme Buddhas going back to the dim past and forward into the distant future. His immediate predecessor was [[Dipankara]] Buddha, and his successor will be named [[Maitreya]]. Buddhism recognises [[three types of Buddha]], of which the simple term ''Buddha'' is normally reserved for the first type, that of Samyaksam-buddha (Pali: ''Samma-Sambuddha''). The attainment of [[Nirvana]] is exactly the same, but a Samyaksam-buddha expresses more qualities and capacities than the other two. The historical Buddha seems to have presented himself not as a god or savior, but as a teacher capable of guiding sentient beings out of [[samsara]]. Nevertheless, many forms of Buddhism do recognize savior-type figures. The technical differences between Buddhas, [[bodhisattva]]s, [[dharmapala]]s (protector deities), [[yidam]]s ("tutelery deities"), and "gods" (Sanskrit ''deva'', Tibetan ''lha'') often blur in practical devotion. Nonetheless, all are seen within the mainstream Buddhist context as being empty of inherent existence, a quality no theistic religion would ascribe to its "god". Certain teachings of the Buddha in a number of Mahayana sutras, however, vigorously oppose the idea that even the Buddha (in his ultimate [[Dharmakaya]] mode) is not truly and eternally Real (see "Eternal Buddha" section below): according to this less widespread doctrine, only the realm of samsara has no enduring essence, whereas to assert the same of the Buddha is to commit a grave offence and to stray dangerously from the path of authentic Dharma (see [[Nirvana Sutra]]). [[Image:longmen-hidden-stream-temple-cave-amitabha.jpg|thumb|A [[Tang]] Dynasty sculpture of [[Amitabha]] Buddha, found in the Hidden Stream Temple Cave, [[Longmen Grottoes]], [[China]] indicates.]] The awakened bliss of [[Nirvana]], according to Buddhism, is available to all beings—although orthodoxy holds that one must first be born as a human being. Emphasizing this universal availability, Buddhism refers to many Buddhas and also to many [[bodhisattva]]s - beings committed to Enlightenment, who vow to *(from the Nikaya view) postpone their own Nirvana in order to assist others on the path, or *(from the Mahayana view) secure Awakening/Nirvana for themselves first and thereafter continue to liberate all other beings from suffering for all time. == Eternal Buddha == [[Image:Buddhastatueinhyderabad.jpg|right|thumb|250px|A statue of Lord Buddha in [[Hyderabad]], India.]] The idea of an everlasting Buddha is a notion popularly associated with the Mahayana scripture, the [[Lotus Sutra]]. That [[sutra]] has the Buddha indicate that he became Awakened countless, immeasurable, inconceivable myriads of trillions of aeons ("kalpas") ago and that his lifetime is "forever existing and immortal". From the human perspective, it seems as though the Buddha has always existed. The sutra itself, however, does not directly employ the phrase "eternal Buddha"; yet similar notions are found in other Mahayana scriptures, notably the [[Mahaparinirvana Sutra]], which presents the Buddha as the ultimately real, eternal ("nitya"/ "sasvata"), unchanging, blissful, pure Self ([[Atman]]) who, as the [[Dharmakaya]], knows of no beginning or end. The ''All-Creating King Tantra'' additionally contains a [[panentheism|panentheistic]] vision of Samantabhadra Buddha as the eternal, primordial Buddha, the Awakened Mind of [[bodhi]], who declares: "From the primordial, I am the Buddhas of the three times [i.e. past, present and future]." The notion of an eternal Buddha perhaps finds resonance with the earlier idea of eternal Dharma/Nirvana, of which the Buddha is said to be an embodiment. The doctrine of an eternal Buddha is not, however, a feature of Theravada Buddhism. The Elders' School of Buddhism, which claims to preserve the original teachings of the Buddha from the first great recital (the second led the way to the division into Theravada and Mahayana), places great value on the Master's words that 'none is eternal', and believes that even the life of an enlightened one does indeed have an end. Also appearing in Theravada is the notion of [[anatta]] as one of the 'trilakshana'(the three characteristics of reality): this embodies the idea that there is no definite, fixed, unchanging entity constituting a "person" that passes from one life to the next; Theravadin interpretation (along with that of most other Buddhist schools) of "anatta" also denies the existence of a fixed, unchanging, everenduring personal soul. The concept in place of the soul is the 'Bhava' ("becoming"), which is an ongoing flow of karmically projected energies that derive from, and give rise to, volitional thoughts and emotion. Mahayana Buddhism, on the other hand, regards such teaching as incomplete and offers the complementary doctrine of a pure Selfhood (the eternal yet unsubstantial hypostasis of the Buddha) which no longer generates karma and which subsists eternally in the realm of Nirvana, from which sphere help to suffering worldly beings can be sent forth in the forms of various transitory physical Buddhas ("nirmanakayas"). While the bodies of these corporeal Buddhas are subject to disease, decline and death - like all impermanent things - the salvational [[Tathagata]] or [[Dharmakaya]] behind them is forever free from impairment, impermanence or mortality. It is this transcendent yet immanent Dharmakaya-Buddha which is taught in certain major Mahayana sutras to be immutable and eternal and is intimately linked with Dharma itself. According to the [[Mahayana Mahaparinirvana Sutra]], worldly beings fail to see this eternality of the Buddha and his Truth (Dharma). The Buddha comments there: "I say that those who do not know that the Tathagata [Buddha] is eternal are the foremost of the congenitally blind." This view, it should be noted, is foreign to mainstream Theravada Buddhism.Buddha was born in Nepal. ==32 Marks of the Buddha== 1. He places his foot evenly on the floor 2. The soles of his feet are imprinted with wheels 3. He has projecting heels 4. He has long fingers and toes 5. He has soft and tender hands and feet 6. He has webbed hands and feet 7. He has arched feet 8. He has legs like an antelope 9. When he stands upright his hands reach down to his knees 10. His male organ is covered with a sheath 11. His complexion has a golden sheen 12. His skin is so smooth that no dust clings to it 13. Each hair on his skin grows from a single pore 14. The hair on his skin is blue-black, curly and turns at the end to the right 15. His limbs are straight like those of a god 16. There are seven convex surfaces on his body - four behind his limbs, two behind his shoulders and one behind his trunk 17. His torso is like that of a lion 18. The furrow between his shoulders is absent 19. His body is perfectly proportioned - the span of his arms is the same as his height 20. His neck and shoulders are evenly proportioned 21. His taste is exceptionally sensitive 22. His jaws are like those of a lion's 23. He has forty teeth 24. His teeth are even 25. There are no gaps in his teeth 26. His teeth are white and shining 27. He has a long tongue 28. He has a divine voice 29. He has deep blue eyes 30. He has eyelashes like those of an ox 31. He has soft white hair growing between his eyebrows 32. His head is shaped like a turban the two, are excellently smooth ==Names of the Buddhas== In most Theravada countries, it is the custom for Buddhists to hold elaborate festivals to honor 28 Buddhas. In the Chronicle of the Buddhas (the Buddhavamsa), mention is made of only 24 Buddhas having arisen before [[Gautama Buddha]]. The following are the names of 28 Buddhas: 1. Tanhankara, 2. Medhankara, 3. Saranankara, 4. Dipankara, 5. Kondnna, 6. Managala, 7. Sumana, 8. Revata, 9. Sobhita, 10. Anomadassi, 11. Paduma, 12. Narada, 13. Padumuttara, 14. Sumedha, 15. Sujata, 16. Piyadassi, 17. Atthadassi, 18. Dhammadassi, 19. Siddhatta, 20. Tissa, 21. Phussa, 22. Vipassi, 23. Sikhi, 24. Vessabhu, 25. Kakusandha, 26. Konagamana, 27. Kassapa, 28. [[Gautama]] ==Sources== *''The Threefold Lotus Sutra'' (Kosei Publishing, Tokyo 1975), tr. by B. Kato, Y. Tamura, and K. Miyasaka, revised by W. Soothill, W. Schiffer, and P. Del Campana *''The Mahayana Mahaparinirvana Sutra'' (Nirvana Publications, London, 1999-2000), tr. by K. Yamamoto, ed. and revised by Dr. Tony Page *''The Sovereign All-Creating Mind: The Motherly Buddha'' (Sri Satguru Publications, Delhi 1992), tr. by E.K. Neumaier-Dargyay *''Buddha - The Compassionate Teacher'' (2002), by K.M.M.Swe ==See also== {{commons|Buddha}}{{wikiquotepar|Gautama Buddha}} *[[Trikaya]] *[[List of founders of major religions]] *[[Buddha Statues of Bamiyan]] *[[List of Buddha claimants]] * [[Buddha-nature]] * [[Tathagatagarbha]] * [[Atman (Buddhism)]] * [[God in Buddhism]] ==External links== * [http://www.edepot.com/buddha.html Collection of most famous Buddha pictures and Buddhism texts.] * [http://www.bswa.org Hundreds of free buddhist talks and huge forum.] *[http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00ambedkar/ambedkar_buddha/ The Buddha and His Dhamma] *[http://www.meditateinlondon.org.uk/about-buddha.php About Buddha - the Founder of Buddhism] *[http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/index.htm Buddhist Studies] *[http://www.e-sangha.com E-Sangha Buddhism Portal] *[http://www.buddhanature.com Songs and Meditations of the Tibetan Dhyani Buddhas] *http://www.nirvanasutra.org.uk The Complete Text of the Mahaparinirvana Sutra, on the eternal nature of the Buddha [[Category:Buddhism]] [[Category:Forms of Vishnu]] [[ta:கௌதம புத்தர்]] [[en:Buddha]] [[ba:Будда]] [[bg:Буда]] [[cs:Buddha]] [[da:Buddha]] [[de:Buddha]] [[es:Buda]] [[eo:Budho]] [[fr:Bouddha]] [[id:Buddha]] [[it:Buddha]] [[ja:仏陀]] [[jv:Buddha]] [[ko:부처]] [[he:גאוטמה בודהא]] [[hu:Buddha]] [[ms:Buddha]] [[nl:Boeddha]] [[nds:Buddha]] [[pl:Budda]] [[pt:Buda]] [[ro:Buddha]] [[ru:Будда]] [[sk:Budha]] [[sl:Buda]] [[sr:Буда]] [[sv:Buddha]] [[th:พระพุทธเจ้า]] [[vi:Bụt]] [[tpi:Buda]] [[uk:Сиддхартха Гаутама Будда]] [[zh:佛]] 4941 2006-03-16T11:08:35Z 80.221.46.147 interwiki fi [[Image:Buddha_image_-_white_stone.jpg|thumb|left|A stone image of the Buddha.]] '''Buddha''' ([[Sanskrit]], [[Pali]], others: literally '''Awakened One''', from the root: ''√budh'', "to awaken") is a title used in [[Buddhism]] for anyone who has discovered their [[Bodhi|enlightenment]] (''bodhi''), although it is commonly used to refer to ''[[Gautama Buddha|Siddhartha Gautama]]'', the historical founder of Buddhism. {{buddhism}} Generally, Buddhists do not consider Siddhartha Gautama—who lived from about [[623 BC|623 BC]] to [[543 BC|543 BC]], and attained ''bodhi'' around [[588 BC|588 BC]]—to have been the first or the last Buddha. From the standpoint of classical [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] doctrine, a ''Buddha'' is anyone who rediscovers the [[Dharma]] and achieves [[Bodhi|enlightenment]], having amassed sufficient positive [[karma]] to do so. There have existed many such beings in the course of cosmic time. Hence, Gautama Buddha (known by the religious name ''Shakyamuni'') is one member of a spiritual lineage of Supreme Buddhas going back to the dim past and forward into the distant future. His immediate predecessor was [[Dipankara]] Buddha, and his successor will be named [[Maitreya]]. Buddhism recognises [[three types of Buddha]], of which the simple term ''Buddha'' is normally reserved for the first type, that of Samyaksam-buddha (Pali: ''Samma-Sambuddha''). The attainment of [[Nirvana]] is exactly the same, but a Samyaksam-buddha expresses more qualities and capacities than the other two. The historical Buddha seems to have presented himself not as a god or savior, but as a teacher capable of guiding sentient beings out of [[samsara]]. Nevertheless, many forms of Buddhism do recognize savior-type figures. The technical differences between Buddhas, [[bodhisattva]]s, [[dharmapala]]s (protector deities), [[yidam]]s ("tutelery deities"), and "gods" (Sanskrit ''deva'', Tibetan ''lha'') often blur in practical devotion. Nonetheless, all are seen within the mainstream Buddhist context as being empty of inherent existence, a quality no theistic religion would ascribe to its "god". Certain teachings of the Buddha in a number of Mahayana sutras, however, vigorously oppose the idea that even the Buddha (in his ultimate [[Dharmakaya]] mode) is not truly and eternally Real (see "Eternal Buddha" section below): according to this less widespread doctrine, only the realm of samsara has no enduring essence, whereas to assert the same of the Buddha is to commit a grave offence and to stray dangerously from the path of authentic Dharma (see [[Nirvana Sutra]]). [[Image:longmen-hidden-stream-temple-cave-amitabha.jpg|thumb|A [[Tang]] Dynasty sculpture of [[Amitabha]] Buddha, found in the Hidden Stream Temple Cave, [[Longmen Grottoes]], [[China]] indicates.]] The awakened bliss of [[Nirvana]], according to Buddhism, is available to all beings—although orthodoxy holds that one must first be born as a human being. Emphasizing this universal availability, Buddhism refers to many Buddhas and also to many [[bodhisattva]]s - beings committed to Enlightenment, who vow to *(from the Nikaya view) postpone their own Nirvana in order to assist others on the path, or *(from the Mahayana view) secure Awakening/Nirvana for themselves first and thereafter continue to liberate all other beings from suffering for all time. == Eternal Buddha == [[Image:Buddhastatueinhyderabad.jpg|right|thumb|250px|A statue of Lord Buddha in [[Hyderabad]], India.]] The idea of an everlasting Buddha is a notion popularly associated with the Mahayana scripture, the [[Lotus Sutra]]. That [[sutra]] has the Buddha indicate that he became Awakened countless, immeasurable, inconceivable myriads of trillions of aeons ("kalpas") ago and that his lifetime is "forever existing and immortal". From the human perspective, it seems as though the Buddha has always existed. The sutra itself, however, does not directly employ the phrase "eternal Buddha"; yet similar notions are found in other Mahayana scriptures, notably the [[Mahaparinirvana Sutra]], which presents the Buddha as the ultimately real, eternal ("nitya"/ "sasvata"), unchanging, blissful, pure Self ([[Atman]]) who, as the [[Dharmakaya]], knows of no beginning or end. The ''All-Creating King Tantra'' additionally contains a [[panentheism|panentheistic]] vision of Samantabhadra Buddha as the eternal, primordial Buddha, the Awakened Mind of [[bodhi]], who declares: "From the primordial, I am the Buddhas of the three times [i.e. past, present and future]." The notion of an eternal Buddha perhaps finds resonance with the earlier idea of eternal Dharma/Nirvana, of which the Buddha is said to be an embodiment. The doctrine of an eternal Buddha is not, however, a feature of Theravada Buddhism. The Elders' School of Buddhism, which claims to preserve the original teachings of the Buddha from the first great recital (the second led the way to the division into Theravada and Mahayana), places great value on the Master's words that 'none is eternal', and believes that even the life of an enlightened one does indeed have an end. Also appearing in Theravada is the notion of [[anatta]] as one of the 'trilakshana'(the three characteristics of reality): this embodies the idea that there is no definite, fixed, unchanging entity constituting a "person" that passes from one life to the next; Theravadin interpretation (along with that of most other Buddhist schools) of "anatta" also denies the existence of a fixed, unchanging, everenduring personal soul. The concept in place of the soul is the 'Bhava' ("becoming"), which is an ongoing flow of karmically projected energies that derive from, and give rise to, volitional thoughts and emotion. Mahayana Buddhism, on the other hand, regards such teaching as incomplete and offers the complementary doctrine of a pure Selfhood (the eternal yet unsubstantial hypostasis of the Buddha) which no longer generates karma and which subsists eternally in the realm of Nirvana, from which sphere help to suffering worldly beings can be sent forth in the forms of various transitory physical Buddhas ("nirmanakayas"). While the bodies of these corporeal Buddhas are subject to disease, decline and death - like all impermanent things - the salvational [[Tathagata]] or [[Dharmakaya]] behind them is forever free from impairment, impermanence or mortality. It is this transcendent yet immanent Dharmakaya-Buddha which is taught in certain major Mahayana sutras to be immutable and eternal and is intimately linked with Dharma itself. According to the [[Mahayana Mahaparinirvana Sutra]], worldly beings fail to see this eternality of the Buddha and his Truth (Dharma). The Buddha comments there: "I say that those who do not know that the Tathagata [Buddha] is eternal are the foremost of the congenitally blind." This view, it should be noted, is foreign to mainstream Theravada Buddhism.Buddha was born in Nepal. ==32 Marks of the Buddha== 1. He places his foot evenly on the floor 2. The soles of his feet are imprinted with wheels 3. He has projecting heels 4. He has long fingers and toes 5. He has soft and tender hands and feet 6. He has webbed hands and feet 7. He has arched feet 8. He has legs like an antelope 9. When he stands upright his hands reach down to his knees 10. His male organ is covered with a sheath 11. His complexion has a golden sheen 12. His skin is so smooth that no dust clings to it 13. Each hair on his skin grows from a single pore 14. The hair on his skin is blue-black, curly and turns at the end to the right 15. His limbs are straight like those of a god 16. There are seven convex surfaces on his body - four behind his limbs, two behind his shoulders and one behind his trunk 17. His torso is like that of a lion 18. The furrow between his shoulders is absent 19. His body is perfectly proportioned - the span of his arms is the same as his height 20. His neck and shoulders are evenly proportioned 21. His taste is exceptionally sensitive 22. His jaws are like those of a lion's 23. He has forty teeth 24. His teeth are even 25. There are no gaps in his teeth 26. His teeth are white and shining 27. He has a long tongue 28. He has a divine voice 29. He has deep blue eyes 30. He has eyelashes like those of an ox 31. He has soft white hair growing between his eyebrows 32. His head is shaped like a turban the two, are excellently smooth ==Names of the Buddhas== In most Theravada countries, it is the custom for Buddhists to hold elaborate festivals to honor 28 Buddhas. In the Chronicle of the Buddhas (the Buddhavamsa), mention is made of only 24 Buddhas having arisen before [[Gautama Buddha]]. The following are the names of 28 Buddhas: 1. Tanhankara, 2. Medhankara, 3. Saranankara, 4. Dipankara, 5. Kondnna, 6. Managala, 7. Sumana, 8. Revata, 9. Sobhita, 10. Anomadassi, 11. Paduma, 12. Narada, 13. Padumuttara, 14. Sumedha, 15. Sujata, 16. Piyadassi, 17. Atthadassi, 18. Dhammadassi, 19. Siddhatta, 20. Tissa, 21. Phussa, 22. Vipassi, 23. Sikhi, 24. Vessabhu, 25. Kakusandha, 26. Konagamana, 27. Kassapa, 28. [[Gautama]] ==Sources== *''The Threefold Lotus Sutra'' (Kosei Publishing, Tokyo 1975), tr. by B. Kato, Y. Tamura, and K. Miyasaka, revised by W. Soothill, W. Schiffer, and P. Del Campana *''The Mahayana Mahaparinirvana Sutra'' (Nirvana Publications, London, 1999-2000), tr. by K. Yamamoto, ed. and revised by Dr. Tony Page *''The Sovereign All-Creating Mind: The Motherly Buddha'' (Sri Satguru Publications, Delhi 1992), tr. by E.K. Neumaier-Dargyay *''Buddha - The Compassionate Teacher'' (2002), by K.M.M.Swe ==See also== {{commons|Buddha}}{{wikiquotepar|Gautama Buddha}} *[[Trikaya]] *[[List of founders of major religions]] *[[Buddha Statues of Bamiyan]] *[[List of Buddha claimants]] * [[Buddha-nature]] * [[Tathagatagarbha]] * [[Atman (Buddhism)]] * [[God in Buddhism]] ==External links== * [http://www.edepot.com/buddha.html Collection of most famous Buddha pictures and Buddhism texts.] * [http://www.bswa.org Hundreds of free buddhist talks and huge forum.] *[http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00ambedkar/ambedkar_buddha/ The Buddha and His Dhamma] *[http://www.meditateinlondon.org.uk/about-buddha.php About Buddha - the Founder of Buddhism] *[http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/index.htm Buddhist Studies] *[http://www.e-sangha.com E-Sangha Buddhism Portal] *[http://www.buddhanature.com Songs and Meditations of the Tibetan Dhyani Buddhas] *http://www.nirvanasutra.org.uk The Complete Text of the Mahaparinirvana Sutra, on the eternal nature of the Buddha [[Category:Buddhism]] [[Category:Forms of Vishnu]] [[ta:கௌதம புத்தர்]] [[en:Buddha]] [[ba:Будда]] [[bg:Буда]] [[cs:Buddha]] [[da:Buddha]] [[de:Buddha]] [[es:Buda]] [[eo:Budho]] [[fi:Buddha]] [[fr:Bouddha]] [[id:Buddha]] [[it:Buddha]] [[ja:仏陀]] [[jv:Buddha]] [[ko:부처]] [[he:גאוטמה בודהא]] [[hu:Buddha]] [[ms:Buddha]] [[nl:Boeddha]] [[nds:Buddha]] [[pl:Budda]] [[pt:Buda]] [[ro:Buddha]] [[ru:Будда]] [[sk:Budha]] [[sl:Buda]] [[sr:Буда]] [[sv:Buddha]] [[th:พระพุทธเจ้า]] [[vi:Bụt]] [[tpi:Buda]] [[uk:Сиддхартха Гаутама Будда]] [[zh:佛]] 5434 2006-05-28T08:17:03Z 210.212.1.35 /* Names of the Buddhas */ [[Image:Buddha_image_-_white_stone.jpg|thumb|left|A stone image of the Buddha.]] '''Buddha''' ([[Sanskrit]], [[Pali]], others: literally '''Awakened One''', from the root: ''√budh'', "to awaken") is a title used in [[Buddhism]] for anyone who has discovered their [[Bodhi|enlightenment]] (''bodhi''), although it is commonly used to refer to ''[[Gautama Buddha|Siddhartha Gautama]]'', the historical founder of Buddhism. {{buddhism}} Generally, Buddhists do not consider Siddhartha Gautama—who lived from about [[623 BC|623 BC]] to [[543 BC|543 BC]], and attained ''bodhi'' around [[588 BC|588 BC]]—to have been the first or the last Buddha. From the standpoint of classical [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] doctrine, a ''Buddha'' is anyone who rediscovers the [[Dharma]] and achieves [[Bodhi|enlightenment]], having amassed sufficient positive [[karma]] to do so. There have existed many such beings in the course of cosmic time. Hence, Gautama Buddha (known by the religious name ''Shakyamuni'') is one member of a spiritual lineage of Supreme Buddhas going back to the dim past and forward into the distant future. His immediate predecessor was [[Dipankara]] Buddha, and his successor will be named [[Maitreya]]. Buddhism recognises [[three types of Buddha]], of which the simple term ''Buddha'' is normally reserved for the first type, that of Samyaksam-buddha (Pali: ''Samma-Sambuddha''). The attainment of [[Nirvana]] is exactly the same, but a Samyaksam-buddha expresses more qualities and capacities than the other two. The historical Buddha seems to have presented himself not as a god or savior, but as a teacher capable of guiding sentient beings out of [[samsara]]. Nevertheless, many forms of Buddhism do recognize savior-type figures. The technical differences between Buddhas, [[bodhisattva]]s, [[dharmapala]]s (protector deities), [[yidam]]s ("tutelery deities"), and "gods" (Sanskrit ''deva'', Tibetan ''lha'') often blur in practical devotion. Nonetheless, all are seen within the mainstream Buddhist context as being empty of inherent existence, a quality no theistic religion would ascribe to its "god". Certain teachings of the Buddha in a number of Mahayana sutras, however, vigorously oppose the idea that even the Buddha (in his ultimate [[Dharmakaya]] mode) is not truly and eternally Real (see "Eternal Buddha" section below): according to this less widespread doctrine, only the realm of samsara has no enduring essence, whereas to assert the same of the Buddha is to commit a grave offence and to stray dangerously from the path of authentic Dharma (see [[Nirvana Sutra]]). [[Image:longmen-hidden-stream-temple-cave-amitabha.jpg|thumb|A [[Tang]] Dynasty sculpture of [[Amitabha]] Buddha, found in the Hidden Stream Temple Cave, [[Longmen Grottoes]], [[China]] indicates.]] The awakened bliss of [[Nirvana]], according to Buddhism, is available to all beings—although orthodoxy holds that one must first be born as a human being. Emphasizing this universal availability, Buddhism refers to many Buddhas and also to many [[bodhisattva]]s - beings committed to Enlightenment, who vow to *(from the Nikaya view) postpone their own Nirvana in order to assist others on the path, or *(from the Mahayana view) secure Awakening/Nirvana for themselves first and thereafter continue to liberate all other beings from suffering for all time. == Eternal Buddha == [[Image:Buddhastatueinhyderabad.jpg|right|thumb|250px|A statue of Lord Buddha in [[Hyderabad]], India.]] The idea of an everlasting Buddha is a notion popularly associated with the Mahayana scripture, the [[Lotus Sutra]]. That [[sutra]] has the Buddha indicate that he became Awakened countless, immeasurable, inconceivable myriads of trillions of aeons ("kalpas") ago and that his lifetime is "forever existing and immortal". From the human perspective, it seems as though the Buddha has always existed. The sutra itself, however, does not directly employ the phrase "eternal Buddha"; yet similar notions are found in other Mahayana scriptures, notably the [[Mahaparinirvana Sutra]], which presents the Buddha as the ultimately real, eternal ("nitya"/ "sasvata"), unchanging, blissful, pure Self ([[Atman]]) who, as the [[Dharmakaya]], knows of no beginning or end. The ''All-Creating King Tantra'' additionally contains a [[panentheism|panentheistic]] vision of Samantabhadra Buddha as the eternal, primordial Buddha, the Awakened Mind of [[bodhi]], who declares: "From the primordial, I am the Buddhas of the three times [i.e. past, present and future]." The notion of an eternal Buddha perhaps finds resonance with the earlier idea of eternal Dharma/Nirvana, of which the Buddha is said to be an embodiment. The doctrine of an eternal Buddha is not, however, a feature of Theravada Buddhism. The Elders' School of Buddhism, which claims to preserve the original teachings of the Buddha from the first great recital (the second led the way to the division into Theravada and Mahayana), places great value on the Master's words that 'none is eternal', and believes that even the life of an enlightened one does indeed have an end. Also appearing in Theravada is the notion of [[anatta]] as one of the 'trilakshana'(the three characteristics of reality): this embodies the idea that there is no definite, fixed, unchanging entity constituting a "person" that passes from one life to the next; Theravadin interpretation (along with that of most other Buddhist schools) of "anatta" also denies the existence of a fixed, unchanging, everenduring personal soul. The concept in place of the soul is the 'Bhava' ("becoming"), which is an ongoing flow of karmically projected energies that derive from, and give rise to, volitional thoughts and emotion. Mahayana Buddhism, on the other hand, regards such teaching as incomplete and offers the complementary doctrine of a pure Selfhood (the eternal yet unsubstantial hypostasis of the Buddha) which no longer generates karma and which subsists eternally in the realm of Nirvana, from which sphere help to suffering worldly beings can be sent forth in the forms of various transitory physical Buddhas ("nirmanakayas"). While the bodies of these corporeal Buddhas are subject to disease, decline and death - like all impermanent things - the salvational [[Tathagata]] or [[Dharmakaya]] behind them is forever free from impairment, impermanence or mortality. It is this transcendent yet immanent Dharmakaya-Buddha which is taught in certain major Mahayana sutras to be immutable and eternal and is intimately linked with Dharma itself. According to the [[Mahayana Mahaparinirvana Sutra]], worldly beings fail to see this eternality of the Buddha and his Truth (Dharma). The Buddha comments there: "I say that those who do not know that the Tathagata [Buddha] is eternal are the foremost of the congenitally blind." This view, it should be noted, is foreign to mainstream Theravada Buddhism.Buddha was born in Nepal. ==32 Marks of the Buddha== 1. He places his foot evenly on the floor 2. The soles of his feet are imprinted with wheels 3. He has projecting heels 4. He has long fingers and toes 5. He has soft and tender hands and feet 6. He has webbed hands and feet 7. He has arched feet 8. He has legs like an antelope 9. When he stands upright his hands reach down to his knees 10. His male organ is covered with a sheath 11. His complexion has a golden sheen 12. His skin is so smooth that no dust clings to it 13. Each hair on his skin grows from a single pore 14. The hair on his skin is blue-black, curly and turns at the end to the right 15. His limbs are straight like those of a god 16. There are seven convex surfaces on his body - four behind his limbs, two behind his shoulders and one behind his trunk 17. His torso is like that of a lion 18. The furrow between his shoulders is absent 19. His body is perfectly proportioned - the span of his arms is the same as his height 20. His neck and shoulders are evenly proportioned 21. His taste is exceptionally sensitive 22. His jaws are like those of a lion's 23. He has forty teeth 24. His teeth are even 25. There are no gaps in his teeth 26. His teeth are white and shining 27. He has a long tongue 28. He has a divine voice 29. He has deep blue eyes 30. He has eyelashes like those of an ox 31. He has soft white hair growing between his eyebrows 32. His head is shaped like a turban the two, are excellently smooth ==Names of the Buddhas== In most Theravada countries, it is the custom for Buddhists to hold elaborate festivals to honor 28 Buddhas. In the Chronicle of the Buddhas (the Buddhavamsa), mention is made of only 24 Buddhas having arisen before [[Gautama Buddha]]. The following are the names of 28 Buddhas: 1. Tanhankara, 2. Medhankara, 3. Saranankara, 4. Dipankara, 5. Kondnna, 6. Managala, 7. Sumana, 8. Revata, 9. Sobhita, 10. Anomadassi, 11. Paduma, 12. Narada, 13. Padumuttara, 14. Sumedha, 15. Sujata, 16. Piyadassi, 17. Atthadassi, 18. Dhammadassi, 19. Siddhartta, 20. Tissa, 21. Phussa, 22. Vipassi, 23. Sikhi, 24. Vessabhu, 25. Kakusandha, 26. Konagamana, 27. Kassapa, 28. [[Gautama]] ==Sources== *''The Threefold Lotus Sutra'' (Kosei Publishing, Tokyo 1975), tr. by B. Kato, Y. Tamura, and K. Miyasaka, revised by W. Soothill, W. Schiffer, and P. Del Campana *''The Mahayana Mahaparinirvana Sutra'' (Nirvana Publications, London, 1999-2000), tr. by K. Yamamoto, ed. and revised by Dr. Tony Page *''The Sovereign All-Creating Mind: The Motherly Buddha'' (Sri Satguru Publications, Delhi 1992), tr. by E.K. Neumaier-Dargyay *''Buddha - The Compassionate Teacher'' (2002), by K.M.M.Swe ==See also== {{commons|Buddha}}{{wikiquotepar|Gautama Buddha}} *[[Trikaya]] *[[List of founders of major religions]] *[[Buddha Statues of Bamiyan]] *[[List of Buddha claimants]] * [[Buddha-nature]] * [[Tathagatagarbha]] * [[Atman (Buddhism)]] * [[God in Buddhism]] ==External links== * [http://www.edepot.com/buddha.html Collection of most famous Buddha pictures and Buddhism texts.] * [http://www.bswa.org Hundreds of free buddhist talks and huge forum.] *[http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00ambedkar/ambedkar_buddha/ The Buddha and His Dhamma] *[http://www.meditateinlondon.org.uk/about-buddha.php About Buddha - the Founder of Buddhism] *[http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/index.htm Buddhist Studies] *[http://www.e-sangha.com E-Sangha Buddhism Portal] *[http://www.buddhanature.com Songs and Meditations of the Tibetan Dhyani Buddhas] *http://www.nirvanasutra.org.uk The Complete Text of the Mahaparinirvana Sutra, on the eternal nature of the Buddha [[Category:Buddhism]] [[Category:Forms of Vishnu]] [[ta:கௌதம புத்தர்]] [[en:Buddha]] [[ba:Будда]] [[bg:Буда]] [[cs:Buddha]] [[da:Buddha]] [[de:Buddha]] [[es:Buda]] [[eo:Budho]] [[fi:Buddha]] [[fr:Bouddha]] [[id:Buddha]] [[it:Buddha]] [[ja:仏陀]] [[jv:Buddha]] [[ko:부처]] [[he:גאוטמה בודהא]] [[hu:Buddha]] [[ms:Buddha]] [[nl:Boeddha]] [[nds:Buddha]] [[pl:Budda]] [[pt:Buda]] [[ro:Buddha]] [[ru:Будда]] [[sk:Budha]] [[sl:Buda]] [[sr:Буда]] [[sv:Buddha]] [[th:พระพุทธเจ้า]] [[vi:Bụt]] [[tpi:Buda]] [[uk:Сиддхартха Гаутама Будда]] [[zh:佛]] 5510 2006-06-04T11:04:50Z Lee 85 [[Image:Lightmatter buddha3.jpg|thumb|left|A stone image of the Buddha.]] '''Buddha''' ([[Sanskrit]], [[Pali]], others: literally '''Awakened One''', from the root: ''√budh'', "to awaken") is a title used in [[Buddhism]] for anyone who has discovered their [[Bodhi|enlightenment]] (''bodhi''), although it is commonly used to refer to ''[[Gautama Buddha|Siddhartha Gautama]]'', the historical founder of Buddhism. {{buddhism}} Generally, Buddhists do not consider Siddhartha Gautama—who lived from about [[623 BC|623 BC]] to [[543 BC|543 BC]], and attained ''bodhi'' around [[588 BC|588 BC]]—to have been the first or the last Buddha. From the standpoint of classical [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] doctrine, a ''Buddha'' is anyone who rediscovers the [[Dharma]] and achieves [[Bodhi|enlightenment]], having amassed sufficient positive [[karma]] to do so. There have existed many such beings in the course of cosmic time. Hence, Gautama Buddha (known by the religious name ''Shakyamuni'') is one member of a spiritual lineage of Supreme Buddhas going back to the dim past and forward into the distant future. His immediate predecessor was [[Dipankara]] Buddha, and his successor will be named [[Maitreya]]. Buddhism recognises [[three types of Buddha]], of which the simple term ''Buddha'' is normally reserved for the first type, that of Samyaksam-buddha (Pali: ''Samma-Sambuddha''). The attainment of [[Nirvana]] is exactly the same, but a Samyaksam-buddha expresses more qualities and capacities than the other two. The historical Buddha seems to have presented himself not as a god or savior, but as a teacher capable of guiding sentient beings out of [[samsara]]. Nevertheless, many forms of Buddhism do recognize savior-type figures. The technical differences between Buddhas, [[bodhisattva]]s, [[dharmapala]]s (protector deities), [[yidam]]s ("tutelery deities"), and "gods" (Sanskrit ''deva'', Tibetan ''lha'') often blur in practical devotion. Nonetheless, all are seen within the mainstream Buddhist context as being empty of inherent existence, a quality no theistic religion would ascribe to its "god". Certain teachings of the Buddha in a number of Mahayana sutras, however, vigorously oppose the idea that even the Buddha (in his ultimate [[Dharmakaya]] mode) is not truly and eternally Real (see "Eternal Buddha" section below): according to this less widespread doctrine, only the realm of samsara has no enduring essence, whereas to assert the same of the Buddha is to commit a grave offence and to stray dangerously from the path of authentic Dharma (see [[Nirvana Sutra]]). [[Image:longmen-hidden-stream-temple-cave-amitabha.jpg|thumb|A [[Tang]] Dynasty sculpture of [[Amitabha]] Buddha, found in the Hidden Stream Temple Cave, [[Longmen Grottoes]], [[China]] indicates.]] The awakened bliss of [[Nirvana]], according to Buddhism, is available to all beings—although orthodoxy holds that one must first be born as a human being. Emphasizing this universal availability, Buddhism refers to many Buddhas and also to many [[bodhisattva]]s - beings committed to Enlightenment, who vow to *(from the Nikaya view) postpone their own Nirvana in order to assist others on the path, or *(from the Mahayana view) secure Awakening/Nirvana for themselves first and thereafter continue to liberate all other beings from suffering for all time. == Eternal Buddha == [[Image:Buddhastatueinhyderabad.jpg|right|thumb|250px|A statue of Lord Buddha in [[Hyderabad]], India.]] The idea of an everlasting Buddha is a notion popularly associated with the Mahayana scripture, the [[Lotus Sutra]]. That [[sutra]] has the Buddha indicate that he became Awakened countless, immeasurable, inconceivable myriads of trillions of aeons ("kalpas") ago and that his lifetime is "forever existing and immortal". From the human perspective, it seems as though the Buddha has always existed. The sutra itself, however, does not directly employ the phrase "eternal Buddha"; yet similar notions are found in other Mahayana scriptures, notably the [[Mahaparinirvana Sutra]], which presents the Buddha as the ultimately real, eternal ("nitya"/ "sasvata"), unchanging, blissful, pure Self ([[Atman]]) who, as the [[Dharmakaya]], knows of no beginning or end. The ''All-Creating King Tantra'' additionally contains a [[panentheism|panentheistic]] vision of Samantabhadra Buddha as the eternal, primordial Buddha, the Awakened Mind of [[bodhi]], who declares: "From the primordial, I am the Buddhas of the three times [i.e. past, present and future]." The notion of an eternal Buddha perhaps finds resonance with the earlier idea of eternal Dharma/Nirvana, of which the Buddha is said to be an embodiment. The doctrine of an eternal Buddha is not, however, a feature of Theravada Buddhism. The Elders' School of Buddhism, which claims to preserve the original teachings of the Buddha from the first great recital (the second led the way to the division into Theravada and Mahayana), places great value on the Master's words that 'none is eternal', and believes that even the life of an enlightened one does indeed have an end. Also appearing in Theravada is the notion of [[anatta]] as one of the 'trilakshana'(the three characteristics of reality): this embodies the idea that there is no definite, fixed, unchanging entity constituting a "person" that passes from one life to the next; Theravadin interpretation (along with that of most other Buddhist schools) of "anatta" also denies the existence of a fixed, unchanging, everenduring personal soul. The concept in place of the soul is the 'Bhava' ("becoming"), which is an ongoing flow of karmically projected energies that derive from, and give rise to, volitional thoughts and emotion. Mahayana Buddhism, on the other hand, regards such teaching as incomplete and offers the complementary doctrine of a pure Selfhood (the eternal yet unsubstantial hypostasis of the Buddha) which no longer generates karma and which subsists eternally in the realm of Nirvana, from which sphere help to suffering worldly beings can be sent forth in the forms of various transitory physical Buddhas ("nirmanakayas"). While the bodies of these corporeal Buddhas are subject to disease, decline and death - like all impermanent things - the salvational [[Tathagata]] or [[Dharmakaya]] behind them is forever free from impairment, impermanence or mortality. It is this transcendent yet immanent Dharmakaya-Buddha which is taught in certain major Mahayana sutras to be immutable and eternal and is intimately linked with Dharma itself. According to the [[Mahayana Mahaparinirvana Sutra]], worldly beings fail to see this eternality of the Buddha and his Truth (Dharma). The Buddha comments there: "I say that those who do not know that the Tathagata [Buddha] is eternal are the foremost of the congenitally blind." This view, it should be noted, is foreign to mainstream Theravada Buddhism.Buddha was born in Nepal. ==32 Marks of the Buddha== 1. He places his foot evenly on the floor 2. The soles of his feet are imprinted with wheels 3. He has projecting heels 4. He has long fingers and toes 5. He has soft and tender hands and feet 6. He has webbed hands and feet 7. He has arched feet 8. He has legs like an antelope 9. When he stands upright his hands reach down to his knees 10. His male organ is covered with a sheath 11. His complexion has a golden sheen 12. His skin is so smooth that no dust clings to it 13. Each hair on his skin grows from a single pore 14. The hair on his skin is blue-black, curly and turns at the end to the right 15. His limbs are straight like those of a god 16. There are seven convex surfaces on his body - four behind his limbs, two behind his shoulders and one behind his trunk 17. His torso is like that of a lion 18. The furrow between his shoulders is absent 19. His body is perfectly proportioned - the span of his arms is the same as his height 20. His neck and shoulders are evenly proportioned 21. His taste is exceptionally sensitive 22. His jaws are like those of a lion's 23. He has forty teeth 24. His teeth are even 25. There are no gaps in his teeth 26. His teeth are white and shining 27. He has a long tongue 28. He has a divine voice 29. He has deep blue eyes 30. He has eyelashes like those of an ox 31. He has soft white hair growing between his eyebrows 32. His head is shaped like a turban the two, are excellently smooth ==Names of the Buddhas== In most Theravada countries, it is the custom for Buddhists to hold elaborate festivals to honor 28 Buddhas. In the Chronicle of the Buddhas (the Buddhavamsa), mention is made of only 24 Buddhas having arisen before [[Gautama Buddha]]. The following are the names of 28 Buddhas: 1. Tanhankara, 2. Medhankara, 3. Saranankara, 4. Dipankara, 5. Kondnna, 6. Managala, 7. Sumana, 8. Revata, 9. Sobhita, 10. Anomadassi, 11. Paduma, 12. Narada, 13. Padumuttara, 14. Sumedha, 15. Sujata, 16. Piyadassi, 17. Atthadassi, 18. Dhammadassi, 19. Siddhartta, 20. Tissa, 21. Phussa, 22. Vipassi, 23. Sikhi, 24. Vessabhu, 25. Kakusandha, 26. Konagamana, 27. Kassapa, 28. [[Gautama]] ==Sources== *''The Threefold Lotus Sutra'' (Kosei Publishing, Tokyo 1975), tr. by B. Kato, Y. Tamura, and K. Miyasaka, revised by W. Soothill, W. Schiffer, and P. Del Campana *''The Mahayana Mahaparinirvana Sutra'' (Nirvana Publications, London, 1999-2000), tr. by K. Yamamoto, ed. and revised by Dr. Tony Page *''The Sovereign All-Creating Mind: The Motherly Buddha'' (Sri Satguru Publications, Delhi 1992), tr. by E.K. Neumaier-Dargyay *''Buddha - The Compassionate Teacher'' (2002), by K.M.M.Swe ==See also== {{commons|Buddha}}{{wikiquotepar|Gautama Buddha}} *[[Trikaya]] *[[List of founders of major religions]] *[[Buddha Statues of Bamiyan]] *[[List of Buddha claimants]] * [[Buddha-nature]] * [[Tathagatagarbha]] * [[Atman (Buddhism)]] * [[God in Buddhism]] ==External links== * [http://www.edepot.com/buddha.html Collection of most famous Buddha pictures and Buddhism texts.] * [http://www.bswa.org Hundreds of free buddhist talks and huge forum.] *[http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00ambedkar/ambedkar_buddha/ The Buddha and His Dhamma] *[http://www.meditateinlondon.org.uk/about-buddha.php About Buddha - the Founder of Buddhism] *[http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/index.htm Buddhist Studies] *[http://www.e-sangha.com E-Sangha Buddhism Portal] *[http://www.buddhanature.com Songs and Meditations of the Tibetan Dhyani Buddhas] *http://www.nirvanasutra.org.uk The Complete Text of the Mahaparinirvana Sutra, on the eternal nature of the Buddha [[Category:Buddhism]] [[Category:Forms of Vishnu]] [[ta:கௌதம புத்தர்]] [[en:Buddha]] [[ba:Будда]] [[bg:Буда]] [[cs:Buddha]] [[da:Buddha]] [[de:Buddha]] [[es:Buda]] [[eo:Budho]] [[fi:Buddha]] [[fr:Bouddha]] [[id:Buddha]] [[it:Buddha]] [[ja:仏陀]] [[jv:Buddha]] [[ko:부처]] [[he:גאוטמה בודהא]] [[hu:Buddha]] [[ms:Buddha]] [[nl:Boeddha]] [[nds:Buddha]] [[pl:Budda]] [[pt:Buda]] [[ro:Buddha]] [[ru:Будда]] [[sk:Budha]] [[sl:Buda]] [[sr:Буда]] [[sv:Buddha]] [[th:พระพุทธเจ้า]] [[vi:Bụt]] [[tpi:Buda]] [[uk:Сиддхартха Гаутама Будда]] [[zh:佛]] සිංහල ජාතිය 1688 4799 2005-12-28T22:17:57Z 82.60.31.135 People who live in Sri Lanka or Srilankans 4800 2005-12-28T22:18:33Z 82.60.31.135 5244 2006-04-22T14:56:46Z Sasakthi 84 Putting in the English Article {{ethnic group| |group=Sinhalese |image= |poptime=c. 14,900,000 |popplace=[[Sri Lanka]]:    14,800,000 [http://www.statistics.gov.lk/census2001/database/csv_table2.asp] [[Middle East]]:    100,000{{fact}} [[European Union]]:    80,000{{fact}} [[Thailand]]:    70,000{{fact}} [[United States]]:    60,000{{fact}} [[Canada]]:    40,000{{fact}} [[Malaysia]]:    25,325 [http://www.worldchristiandatabase.org] [[Singapore]]:    12,000{{fact}} [[Maldives]]:    10,000{{fact}} |rels=[[Buddhism]], [[Christianity]], small groups of [[Atheism|atheists]], [[Agnosticism|agnostics]], others |langs=[[Sinhala]] |related=[[Indo-Aryans]], [[Dravidian people|Dravidians]], [[Wanniyala-Aetto|Veddahs]] }} The '''Sinhalese''' are the main ethnic group of [[Sri Lanka]]. They speak [[Sinhala]], an [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] language and number approximately 15 million people with the vast majority found in Sri Lanka, while nearly 320,000{{fact}} live in other countries, mainly in [[Southeast Asia]] including [[Thailand]], [[Malaysia]], [[Singapore]] and Western Nations. [http://www.joshuaproject.net/peoples.php?rop3=109305] [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=sin] == History == Legendary accounts relating to the [[India]]n epic saga, the [[Sanskrit]]ic [[Ramayana]], discuss largely unverifiable events of deities battling over the fate of the ancient island of Lanka (presumably modern Sri Lanka), as the name of the island and its various peoples are often traced to the peoples and places named in the saga or some analogues that are believed to represent them. The Sinhalese derive their language from [[Indo-Aryans|Indo-Aryan]] invaders from India who are believed to have invaded the island of Sri Lanka sometime around 500 BCE. According to local legend, the Sinhalese are descended from the exiled Prince Vijaya and his party of several hundred who arrived on the island between 543 to 483 BCE after having been made to leave their native [[Bengal]]. The recorded history of the [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] Sinhalese can be found in two large chronicles, the [[Mahavamsa]], written in [[Pāli]] roughly around the 4th century BCE, and the much later [[Chulavamsa]] (believed to have been penned in the 13 century CE by a Buddhist monk named Dhammakitti), which are considered unique in terms of age and longevity, and cover the histories of the powerful ancient kingdoms of [[Anuradhapura]] and [[Polonnaruwa]]. The name Sinhalese comes from the Indo-Aryan term ''Sinhala'', meaning the ''lion people''. [[Buddhism]] was an early element introduced to the island by [[Ashoka]]'s son [[Mahendra]] during the 4th century BCE and so the Sinhalese identity, combining their Indo-Aryan language and Buddhist faith, has defined much of Sri Lanka's history ever since. Sri Lanka was home to aboriginal populations including the [[Wanniyala-Aetto|Veddahs]] and later [[Dravidian people|Dravidian]] peoples who largely merged with an invading [[Indo-Aryans|Indo-Aryan]] population of indeterminate size. Race as such in Sri Lanka has little basis in either anthropology or genetics, although variations do exist between some Sinhalese upper class group such as the [[Kandy]]an in contrast with the tiny remnants of full-blooded Veddahs, but intermingling has long blurred any substantial and general variations in the population. In fact, some early genetic tests (Y-chromosome and MtDNA only) show that the majority of the Sinhalese genetically cluster with both the Tamils and other Indic populations. == Genetic and anthropological assessments == Contrary to popular opinion, in part instilled by British colonial policy of 'divide and rule', the Sinhalese are not a distinct group that is entirely or even mainly of '[[Indo-Aryans|Indo-Aryan]]' origin, which is itself a linguistic categorization and not a palpable 'racial' group. In fact, most Sinhalese, like most Indian populations show a high degree of genetic similarity that stems from a population that formed on the island roughly 12,000 years ago and has been little changed through invasions by Indo-Aryans and other groups. A 2003 [[Stanford University|Stanford]] study analyzing the origins of various South Asian populations (including 40 Sinhalese and over 90 Tamils from Sri Lanka) found that most of the population of the island and India in general: :''Taken together, these results show that Indian tribal and caste populations derive largely from the same genetic heritage of Pleistocene southern and western Asians and have received limited gene flow from external regions since the Holocene.'' [http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/AJHG_2003_v72_p313-332.pdf] These findings are corroborated by numerous other studies including a 2004 Biomedical Central Study: :''Gene flow from West Eurasia-Broadly, the average proportion of mtDNAs from West Eurasia among Indian caste populations is 17% (Table 2). In the western States of India and in Pakistan their share is greater, reaching over 30% in Kashmir and Gujarat, nearly 40% in Indian Punjab, and peaking, expectedly, at approximately 50% in Pakistan (Table 11, see Additional file 6, Figure 11, panel A). These frequencies demonstrate a general decline (SAA p < 0.05 Figure 4) towards the south (23%, 11% and 15% in Maharashtra, Kerala and Sri Lanka, respectively) and even more so towards the east of India (13% in Uttar Pradesh and around 7% in West Bengal and Bangladesh). The low (<3%) frequency of the western Eurasian mtDNAs in Rajasthan may be in part a statistical artifact due to the limited sample size of 35 Rajputs.'' [http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2156/5/26] Overall, the evidence supports the strong possibility that the Sinhalese are largely indigenous to Sri Lanka and adopted the Indo-Aryan language from invaders who in turn showed limited ancestry from some original Indo-Aryan invaders stemming from some Eurasian homeland. Ultimately, the genetic evidence also shows substantial genetic drift that corresponds to geography and in the case of Sri Lanka supports the notion that most Sinhalese stem from very early migrants, rather than later invaders: :''Modern Pakistani, Indian, and Sinhalese donors, examined for combinations of mini- and microsatellite loci, along with a number of Y chromosome and mtDNA markers (24), show varying degrees of diversity, which is expected from their geographic position and ability to receive waves of migrants pulsing from Africa and West Asia at different times. DYS287 or Y chromosome Alu insertion polymorphism also clearly demonstrate the gradual decline in insert-positive Y chromosomes from Africa to East Asia, reaching a transition point from polymorphic levels (1 to 5%) to private polymorphism in Pakistan.'' [http://natvet.sh.se/jna/Human_evolution_a.pdf] Thus, not surprisingly other studies done from different perspectives and goals substantiate these findings. In a 2003 American Journal of Human Genetics study entitled ''The Genetic Heritage of the Earliest Settlers Persists Both in Indian Tribal and Caste Populations'', the 'West Asian', presumably Indo-Aryan and other, genetic indicators show that, :''Their frequency is the highest in Punjab, ∼20%, and diminishes threefold, to an average of 7%, in the rest of the caste groups in India...'' [http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/AJHG_2003_v72_p313-332.pdf] These findings all include sample groups from Sinhalese populations in Sri Lanka who were thus compared to other South Asian and other Eurasian groups. From an anthropological perspective, the modern Sinhalese represent a fusion of a wide variety that nonetheless is overwhelmingly indigenous to the island of Sri Lanka and the genetic variations (based on Y-chromosomes and MtDNA only) between the Sinhalese and their Tamil and Veddah neighbors appears to be largely marginal and may be restricted to a small degree of sporadic differences rather than anything universal although some genetic drift has taken place that corresponds to language barriers. == Geographic diaspora == The vast majority of the Sinhalese live in Sri Lanka (mostly in the south and west of the island), but there are significant expatriate communities in Southeast Asia, Europe (notably the UK) and in North America (in particular the United States). Given its position at the junction of major trade routes spanning the [[Indian Ocean]], Sri Lanka inevitably has other ethnic groups in addition to the Sinhalese and the Tamils, such as Sri Lanka's small Arab, Chinese and [[Burgher people|Burgher]] (of mixed Dutch and Sri Lankan descent) communities. This ongoing mingling of ethnic groups can be most obviously noticed in the Sinhalese language of (Sinhala) itself, which has a vocabulary that borrows heavily from foreign languages, particularly Portuguese as well as English. == Religion == Most of the Sinhalese are [[Buddhist]]s (85-93%), and are considered the only ethnic group in South Asia who overwhelmingly adhere to the [[Theravada]] sect of Buddhism, though it should be noted that many Sinhalese Buddhists also venerate [[Hindu]] deities as well as indigenous gods. [http://www.statistics.gov.lk/census2001/database/csv_table2.asp] The remainder mostly belong to the Roman Catholic church, but there are [[Muslim]] and Hindu communities as well. == The modern Sinhalese == The Sinhalese tend to identify themselves through their Sinhala language and Buddhist faith which sets them apart from the main ethnic minority of Sri Lanka, the [[Sri Lankan Tamil]]s. In addition, economically, the Sinhalese also display a dominance over the island nation which has led to some discontent from other groups. Sinhalese society is highly educated in comparison to many developing countries with roughly 95% of the population being literate. In addition, due to a policy of universal healthcare, life expectancy is quite high as well reaching an apogee of 72 years. Female emancipation has led to many changes including greater parity between the sexes and prominent female polticians including former Prime Minister [[Sirimavo Bandaranaike]] and [[Chandrika Kumaratunga]]. The Sinhalese also have a stable birth rate and a population that has been growing at a much slower pace in comparison to India and other Asian countries. == Contemporary problems == The past thirty or so years of Sinhalese history has been marred by ongoing ethnic strife with [[Sri Lankan Tamil]]s. (see [[Ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka]]). == References == * De Silva, K.M. ''History of Sri Lanka'' (Univ. of Calif. Press, 1981) * Gunasekera, Tamara. ''Hierarchy and Egalitarianism: Caste, Class, and Power in Sinhalese Peasant Society'' (Athlone 1994). * Roberts, Michael. ''Sri Lanka: Collective Identities Revisited (Colombo-Marga Institute, 1997). * Wickremeratne, Ananda. ''Buddhism and Ethnicity in Sri Lanka: A Historical Analysis'' (New Dehli-Vikas Publishing House, 1995). == Online references == * {{loc}} - [http://countrystudies.us/sri-lanka/ Sri Lanka] * [http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/AJHG_2003_v72_p313-332.pdf The Genetic Heritage of the Earliest Settlers Persists Both in Indian Tribal and Caste Populations, Am. J. Hum. Genet. 72:313–332, 2003.] * [http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2156/5/26 ''Most of the extant mtDNA boundaries in South and Southwest Asia were likely shaped during the initial settlement of Eurasia by anatomically modern humans'', Biomedical Central, BMC Genetics 2004, 5:26] * [http://www.statistics.gov.lk/population/index.htm Department of Census and Statistics-Sri Lanka] * [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=sin Ethnologue-Sinhala, a language of Sri Lanka] * [http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ce.html#People CIA Factbook-Sri Lanka] * ''Genetic Clues to Dispersal in Human Populations: Retracing the Past from the Present'' (2 MARCH 2001 VOL 291 SCIENCE). [http://natvet.sh.se/jna/Human_evolution_a.pdf] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Asia]] 5249 2006-04-22T15:26:40Z Sasakthi 84 Translating data table, and first para {{ethnic group| |group=සිංහල ජාතිය |image= |poptime=c. 14,900,000 |popplace=[[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව]]:    14,800,000 [http://www.statistics.gov.lk/census2001/database/csv_table2.asp] [[මැද පෙරදිග]]:    100,000{{fact}} [[යුරෝපය]]:    80,000{{fact}} [[තායිලන්තය]]:    70,000{{fact}} [[ඇමරිකාව]]:    60,000{{fact}} [[කැනඩාව]]:    40,000{{fact}} [[මලයාසියාව]]:    25,325 [http://www.worldchristiandatabase.org] [[සිංගප්පූරුව]]:    12,000{{fact}} [[මාල දිවයින]]:    10,000{{fact}} |rels=[[බුදු දහම]], [[කිතු දහම]]. කුඩා ප්‍රමානයන්ගෙන්: [ආධ්යාත්මික|ආධ්යාත්මිකයින්] සහ අන් ආගමිකයන්], |langs=[[සිංහල භාෂාව]] |related=[[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය ඡනයා]], [[Dravidian people|Dravidians]], [[වැද්දන්]] }} [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ]] ප්‍රධාන ඡන කොට්ටාශය '''සිංහල ජාතිය''' වන අතර ඔවුන්ගේ මවු බස [[සිංහල|සිංහල භාෂාව]] වෙයි. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ සිංහලයින් මිලියන 15ක් පමන වෙසෙන අතර, 320,000{{fact}} පමන වෙනත් රටවල වෙසෙයි. (ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් [[තායිලන්තය]] [[මලයාසියාව]] [[සිංගප්පූරුව]] වැනි [[ගිණිකොණදිග ආසියාව|ගිණිකොණදිග ආසියානු]] රටවල් වල සහ බටහිර රටවල් වල) [http://www.joshuaproject.net/peoples.php?rop3=109305] [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=sin] == History == Legendary accounts relating to the [[India]]n epic saga, the [[Sanskrit]]ic [[Ramayana]], discuss largely unverifiable events of deities battling over the fate of the ancient island of Lanka (presumably modern Sri Lanka), as the name of the island and its various peoples are often traced to the peoples and places named in the saga or some analogues that are believed to represent them. The Sinhalese derive their language from [[Indo-Aryans|Indo-Aryan]] invaders from India who are believed to have invaded the island of Sri Lanka sometime around 500 BCE. According to local legend, the Sinhalese are descended from the exiled Prince Vijaya and his party of several hundred who arrived on the island between 543 to 483 BCE after having been made to leave their native [[Bengal]]. The recorded history of the [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] Sinhalese can be found in two large chronicles, the [[Mahavamsa]], written in [[Pāli]] roughly around the 4th century BCE, and the much later [[Chulavamsa]] (believed to have been penned in the 13 century CE by a Buddhist monk named Dhammakitti), which are considered unique in terms of age and longevity, and cover the histories of the powerful ancient kingdoms of [[Anuradhapura]] and [[Polonnaruwa]]. The name Sinhalese comes from the Indo-Aryan term ''Sinhala'', meaning the ''lion people''. [[Buddhism]] was an early element introduced to the island by [[Ashoka]]'s son [[Mahendra]] during the 4th century BCE and so the Sinhalese identity, combining their Indo-Aryan language and Buddhist faith, has defined much of Sri Lanka's history ever since. Sri Lanka was home to aboriginal populations including the [[Wanniyala-Aetto|Veddahs]] and later [[Dravidian people|Dravidian]] peoples who largely merged with an invading [[Indo-Aryans|Indo-Aryan]] population of indeterminate size. Race as such in Sri Lanka has little basis in either anthropology or genetics, although variations do exist between some Sinhalese upper class group such as the [[Kandy]]an in contrast with the tiny remnants of full-blooded Veddahs, but intermingling has long blurred any substantial and general variations in the population. In fact, some early genetic tests (Y-chromosome and MtDNA only) show that the majority of the Sinhalese genetically cluster with both the Tamils and other Indic populations. == Genetic and anthropological assessments == Contrary to popular opinion, in part instilled by British colonial policy of 'divide and rule', the Sinhalese are not a distinct group that is entirely or even mainly of '[[Indo-Aryans|Indo-Aryan]]' origin, which is itself a linguistic categorization and not a palpable 'racial' group. In fact, most Sinhalese, like most Indian populations show a high degree of genetic similarity that stems from a population that formed on the island roughly 12,000 years ago and has been little changed through invasions by Indo-Aryans and other groups. A 2003 [[Stanford University|Stanford]] study analyzing the origins of various South Asian populations (including 40 Sinhalese and over 90 Tamils from Sri Lanka) found that most of the population of the island and India in general: :''Taken together, these results show that Indian tribal and caste populations derive largely from the same genetic heritage of Pleistocene southern and western Asians and have received limited gene flow from external regions since the Holocene.'' [http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/AJHG_2003_v72_p313-332.pdf] These findings are corroborated by numerous other studies including a 2004 Biomedical Central Study: :''Gene flow from West Eurasia-Broadly, the average proportion of mtDNAs from West Eurasia among Indian caste populations is 17% (Table 2). In the western States of India and in Pakistan their share is greater, reaching over 30% in Kashmir and Gujarat, nearly 40% in Indian Punjab, and peaking, expectedly, at approximately 50% in Pakistan (Table 11, see Additional file 6, Figure 11, panel A). These frequencies demonstrate a general decline (SAA p < 0.05 Figure 4) towards the south (23%, 11% and 15% in Maharashtra, Kerala and Sri Lanka, respectively) and even more so towards the east of India (13% in Uttar Pradesh and around 7% in West Bengal and Bangladesh). The low (<3%) frequency of the western Eurasian mtDNAs in Rajasthan may be in part a statistical artifact due to the limited sample size of 35 Rajputs.'' [http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2156/5/26] Overall, the evidence supports the strong possibility that the Sinhalese are largely indigenous to Sri Lanka and adopted the Indo-Aryan language from invaders who in turn showed limited ancestry from some original Indo-Aryan invaders stemming from some Eurasian homeland. Ultimately, the genetic evidence also shows substantial genetic drift that corresponds to geography and in the case of Sri Lanka supports the notion that most Sinhalese stem from very early migrants, rather than later invaders: :''Modern Pakistani, Indian, and Sinhalese donors, examined for combinations of mini- and microsatellite loci, along with a number of Y chromosome and mtDNA markers (24), show varying degrees of diversity, which is expected from their geographic position and ability to receive waves of migrants pulsing from Africa and West Asia at different times. DYS287 or Y chromosome Alu insertion polymorphism also clearly demonstrate the gradual decline in insert-positive Y chromosomes from Africa to East Asia, reaching a transition point from polymorphic levels (1 to 5%) to private polymorphism in Pakistan.'' [http://natvet.sh.se/jna/Human_evolution_a.pdf] Thus, not surprisingly other studies done from different perspectives and goals substantiate these findings. In a 2003 American Journal of Human Genetics study entitled ''The Genetic Heritage of the Earliest Settlers Persists Both in Indian Tribal and Caste Populations'', the 'West Asian', presumably Indo-Aryan and other, genetic indicators show that, :''Their frequency is the highest in Punjab, ∼20%, and diminishes threefold, to an average of 7%, in the rest of the caste groups in India...'' [http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/AJHG_2003_v72_p313-332.pdf] These findings all include sample groups from Sinhalese populations in Sri Lanka who were thus compared to other South Asian and other Eurasian groups. From an anthropological perspective, the modern Sinhalese represent a fusion of a wide variety that nonetheless is overwhelmingly indigenous to the island of Sri Lanka and the genetic variations (based on Y-chromosomes and MtDNA only) between the Sinhalese and their Tamil and Veddah neighbors appears to be largely marginal and may be restricted to a small degree of sporadic differences rather than anything universal although some genetic drift has taken place that corresponds to language barriers. == Geographic diaspora == The vast majority of the Sinhalese live in Sri Lanka (mostly in the south and west of the island), but there are significant expatriate communities in Southeast Asia, Europe (notably the UK) and in North America (in particular the United States). Given its position at the junction of major trade routes spanning the [[Indian Ocean]], Sri Lanka inevitably has other ethnic groups in addition to the Sinhalese and the Tamils, such as Sri Lanka's small Arab, Chinese and [[Burgher people|Burgher]] (of mixed Dutch and Sri Lankan descent) communities. This ongoing mingling of ethnic groups can be most obviously noticed in the Sinhalese language of (Sinhala) itself, which has a vocabulary that borrows heavily from foreign languages, particularly Portuguese as well as English. == Religion == Most of the Sinhalese are [[Buddhist]]s (85-93%), and are considered the only ethnic group in South Asia who overwhelmingly adhere to the [[Theravada]] sect of Buddhism, though it should be noted that many Sinhalese Buddhists also venerate [[Hindu]] deities as well as indigenous gods. [http://www.statistics.gov.lk/census2001/database/csv_table2.asp] The remainder mostly belong to the Roman Catholic church, but there are [[Muslim]] and Hindu communities as well. == The modern Sinhalese == The Sinhalese tend to identify themselves through their Sinhala language and Buddhist faith which sets them apart from the main ethnic minority of Sri Lanka, the [[Sri Lankan Tamil]]s. In addition, economically, the Sinhalese also display a dominance over the island nation which has led to some discontent from other groups. Sinhalese society is highly educated in comparison to many developing countries with roughly 95% of the population being literate. In addition, due to a policy of universal healthcare, life expectancy is quite high as well reaching an apogee of 72 years. Female emancipation has led to many changes including greater parity between the sexes and prominent female polticians including former Prime Minister [[Sirimavo Bandaranaike]] and [[Chandrika Kumaratunga]]. The Sinhalese also have a stable birth rate and a population that has been growing at a much slower pace in comparison to India and other Asian countries. == Contemporary problems == The past thirty or so years of Sinhalese history has been marred by ongoing ethnic strife with [[Sri Lankan Tamil]]s. (see [[Ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka]]). == References == * De Silva, K.M. ''History of Sri Lanka'' (Univ. of Calif. Press, 1981) * Gunasekera, Tamara. ''Hierarchy and Egalitarianism: Caste, Class, and Power in Sinhalese Peasant Society'' (Athlone 1994). * Roberts, Michael. ''Sri Lanka: Collective Identities Revisited (Colombo-Marga Institute, 1997). * Wickremeratne, Ananda. ''Buddhism and Ethnicity in Sri Lanka: A Historical Analysis'' (New Dehli-Vikas Publishing House, 1995). == Online references == * {{loc}} - [http://countrystudies.us/sri-lanka/ Sri Lanka] * [http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/AJHG_2003_v72_p313-332.pdf The Genetic Heritage of the Earliest Settlers Persists Both in Indian Tribal and Caste Populations, Am. J. Hum. Genet. 72:313–332, 2003.] * [http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2156/5/26 ''Most of the extant mtDNA boundaries in South and Southwest Asia were likely shaped during the initial settlement of Eurasia by anatomically modern humans'', Biomedical Central, BMC Genetics 2004, 5:26] * [http://www.statistics.gov.lk/population/index.htm Department of Census and Statistics-Sri Lanka] * [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=sin Ethnologue-Sinhala, a language of Sri Lanka] * [http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ce.html#People CIA Factbook-Sri Lanka] * ''Genetic Clues to Dispersal in Human Populations: Retracing the Past from the Present'' (2 MARCH 2001 VOL 291 SCIENCE). [http://natvet.sh.se/jna/Human_evolution_a.pdf] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Asia]] 5254 2006-04-22T15:40:15Z Sasakthi 84 {{ethnic group| |group=සිංහල ජාතිය |image= |poptime=c. 14,900,000 |popplace=[[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව]]:    14,800,000 [http://www.statistics.gov.lk/census2001/database/csv_table2.asp] [[මැද පෙරදිග]]:    100,000{{fact}} [[යුරෝපය]]:    80,000{{fact}} [[තායිලන්තය]]:    70,000{{fact}} [[ඇමරිකාව]]:    60,000{{fact}} [[කැනඩාව]]:    40,000{{fact}} [[මලයාසියාව]]:    25,325 [http://www.worldchristiandatabase.org] [[සිංගප්පූරුව]]:    12,000{{fact}} [[මාල දිවයින]]:    10,000{{fact}} |rels=[[බුදු දහම]], [[කිතු දහම]]. කුඩා ප්‍රමානයන්ගෙන්: [[ආධ්යාත්මික|ආධ්යාත්මිකයින්]] සහ අන් ආගමිකයන්, |langs=[[සිංහල භාෂාව]] |related=[[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය ඡනයා]], [[Dravidian people|Dravidians]], [[වැද්දන්]] }} [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ]] ප්‍රධාන ඡන කොට්ටාශය '''සිංහල ජාතිය''' වන අතර ඔවුන්ගේ මවු බස [[සිංහල|සිංහල භාෂාව]] වෙයි. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ සිංහලයින් මිලියන 15ක් පමන වෙසෙන අතර, 320,000{{fact}} පමන වෙනත් රටවල වෙසෙයි. (ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් [[තායිලන්තය]] [[මලයාසියාව]] [[සිංගප්පූරුව]] වැනි [[ගිණිකොණදිග ආසියාව|ගිණිකොණදිග ආසියානු]] රටවල් වල සහ බටහිර රටවල් වල) [http://www.joshuaproject.net/peoples.php?rop3=109305] [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=sin] == History == Legendary accounts relating to the [[India]]n epic saga, the [[Sanskrit]]ic [[Ramayana]], discuss largely unverifiable events of deities battling over the fate of the ancient island of Lanka (presumably modern Sri Lanka), as the name of the island and its various peoples are often traced to the peoples and places named in the saga or some analogues that are believed to represent them. The Sinhalese derive their language from [[Indo-Aryans|Indo-Aryan]] invaders from India who are believed to have invaded the island of Sri Lanka sometime around 500 BCE. According to local legend, the Sinhalese are descended from the exiled Prince Vijaya and his party of several hundred who arrived on the island between 543 to 483 BCE after having been made to leave their native [[Bengal]]. The recorded history of the [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] Sinhalese can be found in two large chronicles, the [[Mahavamsa]], written in [[Pāli]] roughly around the 4th century BCE, and the much later [[Chulavamsa]] (believed to have been penned in the 13 century CE by a Buddhist monk named Dhammakitti), which are considered unique in terms of age and longevity, and cover the histories of the powerful ancient kingdoms of [[Anuradhapura]] and [[Polonnaruwa]]. The name Sinhalese comes from the Indo-Aryan term ''Sinhala'', meaning the ''lion people''. [[Buddhism]] was an early element introduced to the island by [[Ashoka]]'s son [[Mahendra]] during the 4th century BCE and so the Sinhalese identity, combining their Indo-Aryan language and Buddhist faith, has defined much of Sri Lanka's history ever since. Sri Lanka was home to aboriginal populations including the [[Wanniyala-Aetto|Veddahs]] and later [[Dravidian people|Dravidian]] peoples who largely merged with an invading [[Indo-Aryans|Indo-Aryan]] population of indeterminate size. Race as such in Sri Lanka has little basis in either anthropology or genetics, although variations do exist between some Sinhalese upper class group such as the [[Kandy]]an in contrast with the tiny remnants of full-blooded Veddahs, but intermingling has long blurred any substantial and general variations in the population. In fact, some early genetic tests (Y-chromosome and MtDNA only) show that the majority of the Sinhalese genetically cluster with both the Tamils and other Indic populations. == Genetic and anthropological assessments == Contrary to popular opinion, in part instilled by British colonial policy of 'divide and rule', the Sinhalese are not a distinct group that is entirely or even mainly of '[[Indo-Aryans|Indo-Aryan]]' origin, which is itself a linguistic categorization and not a palpable 'racial' group. In fact, most Sinhalese, like most Indian populations show a high degree of genetic similarity that stems from a population that formed on the island roughly 12,000 years ago and has been little changed through invasions by Indo-Aryans and other groups. A 2003 [[Stanford University|Stanford]] study analyzing the origins of various South Asian populations (including 40 Sinhalese and over 90 Tamils from Sri Lanka) found that most of the population of the island and India in general: :''Taken together, these results show that Indian tribal and caste populations derive largely from the same genetic heritage of Pleistocene southern and western Asians and have received limited gene flow from external regions since the Holocene.'' [http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/AJHG_2003_v72_p313-332.pdf] These findings are corroborated by numerous other studies including a 2004 Biomedical Central Study: :''Gene flow from West Eurasia-Broadly, the average proportion of mtDNAs from West Eurasia among Indian caste populations is 17% (Table 2). In the western States of India and in Pakistan their share is greater, reaching over 30% in Kashmir and Gujarat, nearly 40% in Indian Punjab, and peaking, expectedly, at approximately 50% in Pakistan (Table 11, see Additional file 6, Figure 11, panel A). These frequencies demonstrate a general decline (SAA p < 0.05 Figure 4) towards the south (23%, 11% and 15% in Maharashtra, Kerala and Sri Lanka, respectively) and even more so towards the east of India (13% in Uttar Pradesh and around 7% in West Bengal and Bangladesh). The low (<3%) frequency of the western Eurasian mtDNAs in Rajasthan may be in part a statistical artifact due to the limited sample size of 35 Rajputs.'' [http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2156/5/26] Overall, the evidence supports the strong possibility that the Sinhalese are largely indigenous to Sri Lanka and adopted the Indo-Aryan language from invaders who in turn showed limited ancestry from some original Indo-Aryan invaders stemming from some Eurasian homeland. Ultimately, the genetic evidence also shows substantial genetic drift that corresponds to geography and in the case of Sri Lanka supports the notion that most Sinhalese stem from very early migrants, rather than later invaders: :''Modern Pakistani, Indian, and Sinhalese donors, examined for combinations of mini- and microsatellite loci, along with a number of Y chromosome and mtDNA markers (24), show varying degrees of diversity, which is expected from their geographic position and ability to receive waves of migrants pulsing from Africa and West Asia at different times. DYS287 or Y chromosome Alu insertion polymorphism also clearly demonstrate the gradual decline in insert-positive Y chromosomes from Africa to East Asia, reaching a transition point from polymorphic levels (1 to 5%) to private polymorphism in Pakistan.'' [http://natvet.sh.se/jna/Human_evolution_a.pdf] Thus, not surprisingly other studies done from different perspectives and goals substantiate these findings. In a 2003 American Journal of Human Genetics study entitled ''The Genetic Heritage of the Earliest Settlers Persists Both in Indian Tribal and Caste Populations'', the 'West Asian', presumably Indo-Aryan and other, genetic indicators show that, :''Their frequency is the highest in Punjab, ∼20%, and diminishes threefold, to an average of 7%, in the rest of the caste groups in India...'' [http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/AJHG_2003_v72_p313-332.pdf] These findings all include sample groups from Sinhalese populations in Sri Lanka who were thus compared to other South Asian and other Eurasian groups. From an anthropological perspective, the modern Sinhalese represent a fusion of a wide variety that nonetheless is overwhelmingly indigenous to the island of Sri Lanka and the genetic variations (based on Y-chromosomes and MtDNA only) between the Sinhalese and their Tamil and Veddah neighbors appears to be largely marginal and may be restricted to a small degree of sporadic differences rather than anything universal although some genetic drift has taken place that corresponds to language barriers. == Geographic diaspora == The vast majority of the Sinhalese live in Sri Lanka (mostly in the south and west of the island), but there are significant expatriate communities in Southeast Asia, Europe (notably the UK) and in North America (in particular the United States). Given its position at the junction of major trade routes spanning the [[Indian Ocean]], Sri Lanka inevitably has other ethnic groups in addition to the Sinhalese and the Tamils, such as Sri Lanka's small Arab, Chinese and [[Burgher people|Burgher]] (of mixed Dutch and Sri Lankan descent) communities. This ongoing mingling of ethnic groups can be most obviously noticed in the Sinhalese language of (Sinhala) itself, which has a vocabulary that borrows heavily from foreign languages, particularly Portuguese as well as English. == Religion == Most of the Sinhalese are [[Buddhist]]s (85-93%), and are considered the only ethnic group in South Asia who overwhelmingly adhere to the [[Theravada]] sect of Buddhism, though it should be noted that many Sinhalese Buddhists also venerate [[Hindu]] deities as well as indigenous gods. [http://www.statistics.gov.lk/census2001/database/csv_table2.asp] The remainder mostly belong to the Roman Catholic church, but there are [[Muslim]] and Hindu communities as well. == The modern Sinhalese == The Sinhalese tend to identify themselves through their Sinhala language and Buddhist faith which sets them apart from the main ethnic minority of Sri Lanka, the [[Sri Lankan Tamil]]s. In addition, economically, the Sinhalese also display a dominance over the island nation which has led to some discontent from other groups. Sinhalese society is highly educated in comparison to many developing countries with roughly 95% of the population being literate. In addition, due to a policy of universal healthcare, life expectancy is quite high as well reaching an apogee of 72 years. Female emancipation has led to many changes including greater parity between the sexes and prominent female polticians including former Prime Minister [[Sirimavo Bandaranaike]] and [[Chandrika Kumaratunga]]. The Sinhalese also have a stable birth rate and a population that has been growing at a much slower pace in comparison to India and other Asian countries. == Contemporary problems == The past thirty or so years of Sinhalese history has been marred by ongoing ethnic strife with [[Sri Lankan Tamil]]s. (see [[Ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka]]). == References == * De Silva, K.M. ''History of Sri Lanka'' (Univ. of Calif. Press, 1981) * Gunasekera, Tamara. ''Hierarchy and Egalitarianism: Caste, Class, and Power in Sinhalese Peasant Society'' (Athlone 1994). * Roberts, Michael. ''Sri Lanka: Collective Identities Revisited (Colombo-Marga Institute, 1997). * Wickremeratne, Ananda. ''Buddhism and Ethnicity in Sri Lanka: A Historical Analysis'' (New Dehli-Vikas Publishing House, 1995). == Online references == * {{loc}} - [http://countrystudies.us/sri-lanka/ Sri Lanka] * [http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/AJHG_2003_v72_p313-332.pdf The Genetic Heritage of the Earliest Settlers Persists Both in Indian Tribal and Caste Populations, Am. J. Hum. Genet. 72:313–332, 2003.] * [http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2156/5/26 ''Most of the extant mtDNA boundaries in South and Southwest Asia were likely shaped during the initial settlement of Eurasia by anatomically modern humans'', Biomedical Central, BMC Genetics 2004, 5:26] * [http://www.statistics.gov.lk/population/index.htm Department of Census and Statistics-Sri Lanka] * [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=sin Ethnologue-Sinhala, a language of Sri Lanka] * [http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ce.html#People CIA Factbook-Sri Lanka] * ''Genetic Clues to Dispersal in Human Populations: Retracing the Past from the Present'' (2 MARCH 2001 VOL 291 SCIENCE). [http://natvet.sh.se/jna/Human_evolution_a.pdf] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Asia]] 5258 2006-04-23T16:05:55Z Sasakthi 84 Translating the first history paragraph {{ethnic group| |group=සිංහල ජාතිය |image= |poptime=c. 14,900,000 |popplace=[[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව]]:    14,800,000 [http://www.statistics.gov.lk/census2001/database/csv_table2.asp] [[මැද පෙරදිග]]:    100,000{{fact}} [[යුරෝපය]]:    80,000{{fact}} [[තායිලන්තය]]:    70,000{{fact}} [[ඇමරිකාව]]:    60,000{{fact}} [[කැනඩාව]]:    40,000{{fact}} [[මලයාසියාව]]:    25,325 [http://www.worldchristiandatabase.org] [[සිංගප්පූරුව]]:    12,000{{fact}} [[මාල දිවයින]]:    10,000{{fact}} |rels=[[බුදු දහම]], [[කිතු දහම]]. කුඩා ප්‍රමානයන්ගෙන්: [[ආධ්යාත්මික|ආධ්යාත්මිකයින්]] සහ අන් ආගමිකයන්, |langs=[[සිංහල භාෂාව]] |related=[[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය ඡනයා]], [[Dravidian people|Dravidians]], [[වැද්දන්]] }} [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ]] ප්‍රධාන ඡන කොට්ටාශය '''සිංහල ජාතිය''' වන අතර ඔවුන්ගේ මවු බස [[සිංහල|සිංහල භාෂාව]] වෙයි. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ සිංහලයින් මිලියන 15ක් පමන වෙසෙන අතර, 320,000{{fact}} පමන වෙනත් රටවල වෙසෙයි. (ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් [[තායිලන්තය]] [[මලයාසියාව]] [[සිංගප්පූරුව]] වැනි [[ගිණිකොණදිග ආසියාව|ගිණිකොණදිග ආසියානු]] රටවල් වල සහ බටහිර රටවල් වල) [http://www.joshuaproject.net/peoples.php?rop3=109305] [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=sin] == ඉතිහාසය == [[සංස්කෘත]] භාෂාවින් ලියැවුනු [[ඉන්දියාව|ඉන්දියානු]] මිත්‍යා කථාවක් වන [[රාමායනය|රාමායනය]] පෞරාණික ලංකා දූපතෙහි (නූතන [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව]] යැයි විශ්වාස කරයි) දෙවියන් අතර වුනු සටනක් ගැන කතා කරයි. සිංහල ජාතිය සහ සිංහල භාෂාව [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 500|ක්‍රි.පූ. 500දී]] පමන විඡයාගමනයෙන් ඇරඹුනු බවට විශ්වාස කරයි. According to local legend, the Sinhalese are descended from the exiled Prince Vijaya and his party of several hundred who arrived on the island between 543 to 483 BCE after having been made to leave their native [[Bengal]]. The recorded history of the [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] Sinhalese can be found in two large chronicles, the [[Mahavamsa]], written in [[Pāli]] roughly around the 4th century BCE, and the much later [[Chulavamsa]] (believed to have been penned in the 13 century CE by a Buddhist monk named Dhammakitti), which are considered unique in terms of age and longevity, and cover the histories of the powerful ancient kingdoms of [[Anuradhapura]] and [[Polonnaruwa]]. The name Sinhalese comes from the Indo-Aryan term ''Sinhala'', meaning the ''lion people''. [[Buddhism]] was an early element introduced to the island by [[Ashoka]]'s son [[Mahendra]] during the 4th century BCE and so the Sinhalese identity, combining their Indo-Aryan language and Buddhist faith, has defined much of Sri Lanka's history ever since. Sri Lanka was home to aboriginal populations including the [[Wanniyala-Aetto|Veddahs]] and later [[Dravidian people|Dravidian]] peoples who largely merged with an invading [[Indo-Aryans|Indo-Aryan]] population of indeterminate size. Race as such in Sri Lanka has little basis in either anthropology or genetics, although variations do exist between some Sinhalese upper class group such as the [[Kandy]]an in contrast with the tiny remnants of full-blooded Veddahs, but intermingling has long blurred any substantial and general variations in the population. In fact, some early genetic tests (Y-chromosome and MtDNA only) show that the majority of the Sinhalese genetically cluster with both the Tamils and other Indic populations. == Genetic and anthropological assessments == Contrary to popular opinion, in part instilled by British colonial policy of 'divide and rule', the Sinhalese are not a distinct group that is entirely or even mainly of '[[Indo-Aryans|Indo-Aryan]]' origin, which is itself a linguistic categorization and not a palpable 'racial' group. In fact, most Sinhalese, like most Indian populations show a high degree of genetic similarity that stems from a population that formed on the island roughly 12,000 years ago and has been little changed through invasions by Indo-Aryans and other groups. A 2003 [[Stanford University|Stanford]] study analyzing the origins of various South Asian populations (including 40 Sinhalese and over 90 Tamils from Sri Lanka) found that most of the population of the island and India in general: :''Taken together, these results show that Indian tribal and caste populations derive largely from the same genetic heritage of Pleistocene southern and western Asians and have received limited gene flow from external regions since the Holocene.'' [http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/AJHG_2003_v72_p313-332.pdf] These findings are corroborated by numerous other studies including a 2004 Biomedical Central Study: :''Gene flow from West Eurasia-Broadly, the average proportion of mtDNAs from West Eurasia among Indian caste populations is 17% (Table 2). In the western States of India and in Pakistan their share is greater, reaching over 30% in Kashmir and Gujarat, nearly 40% in Indian Punjab, and peaking, expectedly, at approximately 50% in Pakistan (Table 11, see Additional file 6, Figure 11, panel A). These frequencies demonstrate a general decline (SAA p < 0.05 Figure 4) towards the south (23%, 11% and 15% in Maharashtra, Kerala and Sri Lanka, respectively) and even more so towards the east of India (13% in Uttar Pradesh and around 7% in West Bengal and Bangladesh). The low (<3%) frequency of the western Eurasian mtDNAs in Rajasthan may be in part a statistical artifact due to the limited sample size of 35 Rajputs.'' [http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2156/5/26] Overall, the evidence supports the strong possibility that the Sinhalese are largely indigenous to Sri Lanka and adopted the Indo-Aryan language from invaders who in turn showed limited ancestry from some original Indo-Aryan invaders stemming from some Eurasian homeland. Ultimately, the genetic evidence also shows substantial genetic drift that corresponds to geography and in the case of Sri Lanka supports the notion that most Sinhalese stem from very early migrants, rather than later invaders: :''Modern Pakistani, Indian, and Sinhalese donors, examined for combinations of mini- and microsatellite loci, along with a number of Y chromosome and mtDNA markers (24), show varying degrees of diversity, which is expected from their geographic position and ability to receive waves of migrants pulsing from Africa and West Asia at different times. DYS287 or Y chromosome Alu insertion polymorphism also clearly demonstrate the gradual decline in insert-positive Y chromosomes from Africa to East Asia, reaching a transition point from polymorphic levels (1 to 5%) to private polymorphism in Pakistan.'' [http://natvet.sh.se/jna/Human_evolution_a.pdf] Thus, not surprisingly other studies done from different perspectives and goals substantiate these findings. In a 2003 American Journal of Human Genetics study entitled ''The Genetic Heritage of the Earliest Settlers Persists Both in Indian Tribal and Caste Populations'', the 'West Asian', presumably Indo-Aryan and other, genetic indicators show that, :''Their frequency is the highest in Punjab, ∼20%, and diminishes threefold, to an average of 7%, in the rest of the caste groups in India...'' [http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/AJHG_2003_v72_p313-332.pdf] These findings all include sample groups from Sinhalese populations in Sri Lanka who were thus compared to other South Asian and other Eurasian groups. From an anthropological perspective, the modern Sinhalese represent a fusion of a wide variety that nonetheless is overwhelmingly indigenous to the island of Sri Lanka and the genetic variations (based on Y-chromosomes and MtDNA only) between the Sinhalese and their Tamil and Veddah neighbors appears to be largely marginal and may be restricted to a small degree of sporadic differences rather than anything universal although some genetic drift has taken place that corresponds to language barriers. == Geographic diaspora == The vast majority of the Sinhalese live in Sri Lanka (mostly in the south and west of the island), but there are significant expatriate communities in Southeast Asia, Europe (notably the UK) and in North America (in particular the United States). Given its position at the junction of major trade routes spanning the [[Indian Ocean]], Sri Lanka inevitably has other ethnic groups in addition to the Sinhalese and the Tamils, such as Sri Lanka's small Arab, Chinese and [[Burgher people|Burgher]] (of mixed Dutch and Sri Lankan descent) communities. This ongoing mingling of ethnic groups can be most obviously noticed in the Sinhalese language of (Sinhala) itself, which has a vocabulary that borrows heavily from foreign languages, particularly Portuguese as well as English. == Religion == Most of the Sinhalese are [[Buddhist]]s (85-93%), and are considered the only ethnic group in South Asia who overwhelmingly adhere to the [[Theravada]] sect of Buddhism, though it should be noted that many Sinhalese Buddhists also venerate [[Hindu]] deities as well as indigenous gods. [http://www.statistics.gov.lk/census2001/database/csv_table2.asp] The remainder mostly belong to the Roman Catholic church, but there are [[Muslim]] and Hindu communities as well. == The modern Sinhalese == The Sinhalese tend to identify themselves through their Sinhala language and Buddhist faith which sets them apart from the main ethnic minority of Sri Lanka, the [[Sri Lankan Tamil]]s. In addition, economically, the Sinhalese also display a dominance over the island nation which has led to some discontent from other groups. Sinhalese society is highly educated in comparison to many developing countries with roughly 95% of the population being literate. In addition, due to a policy of universal healthcare, life expectancy is quite high as well reaching an apogee of 72 years. Female emancipation has led to many changes including greater parity between the sexes and prominent female polticians including former Prime Minister [[Sirimavo Bandaranaike]] and [[Chandrika Kumaratunga]]. The Sinhalese also have a stable birth rate and a population that has been growing at a much slower pace in comparison to India and other Asian countries. == Contemporary problems == The past thirty or so years of Sinhalese history has been marred by ongoing ethnic strife with [[Sri Lankan Tamil]]s. (see [[Ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka]]). == References == * De Silva, K.M. ''History of Sri Lanka'' (Univ. of Calif. Press, 1981) * Gunasekera, Tamara. ''Hierarchy and Egalitarianism: Caste, Class, and Power in Sinhalese Peasant Society'' (Athlone 1994). * Roberts, Michael. ''Sri Lanka: Collective Identities Revisited (Colombo-Marga Institute, 1997). * Wickremeratne, Ananda. ''Buddhism and Ethnicity in Sri Lanka: A Historical Analysis'' (New Dehli-Vikas Publishing House, 1995). == Online references == * {{loc}} - [http://countrystudies.us/sri-lanka/ Sri Lanka] * [http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/AJHG_2003_v72_p313-332.pdf The Genetic Heritage of the Earliest Settlers Persists Both in Indian Tribal and Caste Populations, Am. J. Hum. Genet. 72:313–332, 2003.] * [http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2156/5/26 ''Most of the extant mtDNA boundaries in South and Southwest Asia were likely shaped during the initial settlement of Eurasia by anatomically modern humans'', Biomedical Central, BMC Genetics 2004, 5:26] * [http://www.statistics.gov.lk/population/index.htm Department of Census and Statistics-Sri Lanka] * [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=sin Ethnologue-Sinhala, a language of Sri Lanka] * [http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ce.html#People CIA Factbook-Sri Lanka] * ''Genetic Clues to Dispersal in Human Populations: Retracing the Past from the Present'' (2 MARCH 2001 VOL 291 SCIENCE). [http://natvet.sh.se/jna/Human_evolution_a.pdf] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Asia]] 5262 2006-04-24T06:56:14Z Sasakthi 84 Translating the 2nd Para {{ethnic group| |group=සිංහල ජාතිය |image= |poptime=c. 14,900,000 |popplace=[[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව]]:    14,800,000 [http://www.statistics.gov.lk/census2001/database/csv_table2.asp] [[මැද පෙරදිග]]:    100,000{{fact}} [[යුරෝපය]]:    80,000{{fact}} [[තායිලන්තය]]:    70,000{{fact}} [[ඇමරිකාව]]:    60,000{{fact}} [[කැනඩාව]]:    40,000{{fact}} [[මලයාසියාව]]:    25,325 [http://www.worldchristiandatabase.org] [[සිංගප්පූරුව]]:    12,000{{fact}} [[මාල දිවයින]]:    10,000{{fact}} |rels=[[බුදු දහම]], [[කිතු දහම]]. කුඩා ප්‍රමානයන්ගෙන්: [[ආධ්යාත්මික|ආධ්යාත්මිකයින්]] සහ අන් ආගමිකයන්, |langs=[[සිංහල භාෂාව]] |related=[[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය ඡනයා]], [[Dravidian people|Dravidians]], [[වැද්දන්]] }} [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ]] ප්‍රධාන ඡන කොට්ටාශය '''සිංහල ජාතිය''' වන අතර ඔවුන්ගේ මවු බස [[සිංහල|සිංහල භාෂාව]] වෙයි. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ සිංහලයින් මිලියන 15ක් පමන වෙසෙන අතර, 320,000{{fact}} පමන වෙනත් රටවල වෙසෙයි. (ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් [[තායිලන්තය]] [[මලයාසියාව]] [[සිංගප්පූරුව]] වැනි [[ගිණිකොණදිග ආසියාව|ගිණිකොණදිග ආසියානු]] රටවල් වල සහ බටහිර රටවල් වල) [http://www.joshuaproject.net/peoples.php?rop3=109305] [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=sin] == ඉතිහාසය == [[සංස්කෘත]] භාෂාවින් ලියැවුනු [[ඉන්දියාව|ඉන්දියානු]] මිත්‍යා කථාවක් වන [[රාමායනය|රාමායනය]] පෞරාණික ලංකා දූපතෙහි (නූතන [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව]] යැයි විශ්වාස කරයි) දෙවියන් අතර වුනු සටනක් ගැන කතා කරයි. සිංහල ජාතිය සහ සිංහල භාෂාව [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 500|ක්‍රි.පූ. 500දී]] පමන විඡයාගමනයෙන් ඇරඹුනු බවට විශ්වාස කරයි. සිංහලයන් පැවත එන්නේ ක්‍රි.පූ. 543ත් ක්‍රි.පූ. 483ත් අතරදී [[බෙන්ගාලය|බෙන්ගාලයෙන්]] පිටුවහල් කරන ලද [[විජය කුමරු]] සහ ඔහුගේ සිය ගනනක පිරිවරගෙන් බවට ජන වහරේ සඳහන් වෙයි. [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 4වන ශතවර්ශය|ක්‍රි.පූ. 4වන ශතවර්යේදී]] [[පාලි|පාලියෙන්]] ලියැවුනු [[මහාවංශය]] සහ [[ක්‍රි.ව. 13වන ශතවර්ශය|ක්‍රි.ව. 13වන ශතවර්යේදී]] [[ධම්මකිත්ථි තෙරනුවන්]] ග්‍රන්තාරූඩ කල [[චූලවංශය]] [[අනුරාධපුර රාජධානිය|අනුරාධපුර]] සහ [[පොලොන්නරු රාජධානිය|පොලොන්නරු]] රාජධානි වල ඉතිහාසයට ලිඛිත සාක්ෂි දරයි. සිංහල යන නාමය [[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය]] ''සිංහල'' වදනින් පැවත එන අතර එහි අර්ථය ''සිංහ ජනයා'' වෙයි. [[අශෝක අධිරාජයා]] ඔහුගේ පුත් [[මිහිඳු තෙරනුවන්]] හරහා [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 4වන ශතවර්ශය|ක්‍රි.පූ. 4වන ශතවර්යේදී]] [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට]] [[බුදු දහම]] හඳුන්වාදුන්නේය. Sri Lanka was home to aboriginal populations including the [[Wanniyala-Aetto|Veddahs]] and later [[Dravidian people|Dravidian]] peoples who largely merged with an invading [[Indo-Aryans|Indo-Aryan]] population of indeterminate size. Race as such in Sri Lanka has little basis in either anthropology or genetics, although variations do exist between some Sinhalese upper class group such as the [[Kandy]]an in contrast with the tiny remnants of full-blooded Veddahs, but intermingling has long blurred any substantial and general variations in the population. In fact, some early genetic tests (Y-chromosome and MtDNA only) show that the majority of the Sinhalese genetically cluster with both the Tamils and other Indic populations. == Genetic and anthropological assessments == Contrary to popular opinion, in part instilled by British colonial policy of 'divide and rule', the Sinhalese are not a distinct group that is entirely or even mainly of '[[Indo-Aryans|Indo-Aryan]]' origin, which is itself a linguistic categorization and not a palpable 'racial' group. In fact, most Sinhalese, like most Indian populations show a high degree of genetic similarity that stems from a population that formed on the island roughly 12,000 years ago and has been little changed through invasions by Indo-Aryans and other groups. A 2003 [[Stanford University|Stanford]] study analyzing the origins of various South Asian populations (including 40 Sinhalese and over 90 Tamils from Sri Lanka) found that most of the population of the island and India in general: :''Taken together, these results show that Indian tribal and caste populations derive largely from the same genetic heritage of Pleistocene southern and western Asians and have received limited gene flow from external regions since the Holocene.'' [http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/AJHG_2003_v72_p313-332.pdf] These findings are corroborated by numerous other studies including a 2004 Biomedical Central Study: :''Gene flow from West Eurasia-Broadly, the average proportion of mtDNAs from West Eurasia among Indian caste populations is 17% (Table 2). In the western States of India and in Pakistan their share is greater, reaching over 30% in Kashmir and Gujarat, nearly 40% in Indian Punjab, and peaking, expectedly, at approximately 50% in Pakistan (Table 11, see Additional file 6, Figure 11, panel A). These frequencies demonstrate a general decline (SAA p < 0.05 Figure 4) towards the south (23%, 11% and 15% in Maharashtra, Kerala and Sri Lanka, respectively) and even more so towards the east of India (13% in Uttar Pradesh and around 7% in West Bengal and Bangladesh). The low (<3%) frequency of the western Eurasian mtDNAs in Rajasthan may be in part a statistical artifact due to the limited sample size of 35 Rajputs.'' [http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2156/5/26] Overall, the evidence supports the strong possibility that the Sinhalese are largely indigenous to Sri Lanka and adopted the Indo-Aryan language from invaders who in turn showed limited ancestry from some original Indo-Aryan invaders stemming from some Eurasian homeland. Ultimately, the genetic evidence also shows substantial genetic drift that corresponds to geography and in the case of Sri Lanka supports the notion that most Sinhalese stem from very early migrants, rather than later invaders: :''Modern Pakistani, Indian, and Sinhalese donors, examined for combinations of mini- and microsatellite loci, along with a number of Y chromosome and mtDNA markers (24), show varying degrees of diversity, which is expected from their geographic position and ability to receive waves of migrants pulsing from Africa and West Asia at different times. DYS287 or Y chromosome Alu insertion polymorphism also clearly demonstrate the gradual decline in insert-positive Y chromosomes from Africa to East Asia, reaching a transition point from polymorphic levels (1 to 5%) to private polymorphism in Pakistan.'' [http://natvet.sh.se/jna/Human_evolution_a.pdf] Thus, not surprisingly other studies done from different perspectives and goals substantiate these findings. In a 2003 American Journal of Human Genetics study entitled ''The Genetic Heritage of the Earliest Settlers Persists Both in Indian Tribal and Caste Populations'', the 'West Asian', presumably Indo-Aryan and other, genetic indicators show that, :''Their frequency is the highest in Punjab, ∼20%, and diminishes threefold, to an average of 7%, in the rest of the caste groups in India...'' [http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/AJHG_2003_v72_p313-332.pdf] These findings all include sample groups from Sinhalese populations in Sri Lanka who were thus compared to other South Asian and other Eurasian groups. From an anthropological perspective, the modern Sinhalese represent a fusion of a wide variety that nonetheless is overwhelmingly indigenous to the island of Sri Lanka and the genetic variations (based on Y-chromosomes and MtDNA only) between the Sinhalese and their Tamil and Veddah neighbors appears to be largely marginal and may be restricted to a small degree of sporadic differences rather than anything universal although some genetic drift has taken place that corresponds to language barriers. == Geographic diaspora == The vast majority of the Sinhalese live in Sri Lanka (mostly in the south and west of the island), but there are significant expatriate communities in Southeast Asia, Europe (notably the UK) and in North America (in particular the United States). Given its position at the junction of major trade routes spanning the [[Indian Ocean]], Sri Lanka inevitably has other ethnic groups in addition to the Sinhalese and the Tamils, such as Sri Lanka's small Arab, Chinese and [[Burgher people|Burgher]] (of mixed Dutch and Sri Lankan descent) communities. This ongoing mingling of ethnic groups can be most obviously noticed in the Sinhalese language of (Sinhala) itself, which has a vocabulary that borrows heavily from foreign languages, particularly Portuguese as well as English. == Religion == Most of the Sinhalese are [[Buddhist]]s (85-93%), and are considered the only ethnic group in South Asia who overwhelmingly adhere to the [[Theravada]] sect of Buddhism, though it should be noted that many Sinhalese Buddhists also venerate [[Hindu]] deities as well as indigenous gods. [http://www.statistics.gov.lk/census2001/database/csv_table2.asp] The remainder mostly belong to the Roman Catholic church, but there are [[Muslim]] and Hindu communities as well. == The modern Sinhalese == The Sinhalese tend to identify themselves through their Sinhala language and Buddhist faith which sets them apart from the main ethnic minority of Sri Lanka, the [[Sri Lankan Tamil]]s. In addition, economically, the Sinhalese also display a dominance over the island nation which has led to some discontent from other groups. Sinhalese society is highly educated in comparison to many developing countries with roughly 95% of the population being literate. In addition, due to a policy of universal healthcare, life expectancy is quite high as well reaching an apogee of 72 years. Female emancipation has led to many changes including greater parity between the sexes and prominent female polticians including former Prime Minister [[Sirimavo Bandaranaike]] and [[Chandrika Kumaratunga]]. The Sinhalese also have a stable birth rate and a population that has been growing at a much slower pace in comparison to India and other Asian countries. == Contemporary problems == The past thirty or so years of Sinhalese history has been marred by ongoing ethnic strife with [[Sri Lankan Tamil]]s. (see [[Ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka]]). == References == * De Silva, K.M. ''History of Sri Lanka'' (Univ. of Calif. Press, 1981) * Gunasekera, Tamara. ''Hierarchy and Egalitarianism: Caste, Class, and Power in Sinhalese Peasant Society'' (Athlone 1994). * Roberts, Michael. ''Sri Lanka: Collective Identities Revisited (Colombo-Marga Institute, 1997). * Wickremeratne, Ananda. ''Buddhism and Ethnicity in Sri Lanka: A Historical Analysis'' (New Dehli-Vikas Publishing House, 1995). == Online references == * {{loc}} - [http://countrystudies.us/sri-lanka/ Sri Lanka] * [http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/AJHG_2003_v72_p313-332.pdf The Genetic Heritage of the Earliest Settlers Persists Both in Indian Tribal and Caste Populations, Am. J. Hum. Genet. 72:313–332, 2003.] * [http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2156/5/26 ''Most of the extant mtDNA boundaries in South and Southwest Asia were likely shaped during the initial settlement of Eurasia by anatomically modern humans'', Biomedical Central, BMC Genetics 2004, 5:26] * [http://www.statistics.gov.lk/population/index.htm Department of Census and Statistics-Sri Lanka] * [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=sin Ethnologue-Sinhala, a language of Sri Lanka] * [http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ce.html#People CIA Factbook-Sri Lanka] * ''Genetic Clues to Dispersal in Human Populations: Retracing the Past from the Present'' (2 MARCH 2001 VOL 291 SCIENCE). [http://natvet.sh.se/jna/Human_evolution_a.pdf] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Asia]] 5289 2006-04-29T05:21:52Z 211.61.73.161 /* Online references */ {{ethnic group| |group=සිංහල ජාතිය |image= |poptime=c. 14,900,000 |popplace=[[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව]]:    14,800,000 [http://www.statistics.gov.lk/census2001/database/csv_table2.asp] [[මැද පෙරදිග]]:    100,000{{fact}} [[යුරෝපය]]:    80,000{{fact}} [[තායිලන්තය]]:    70,000{{fact}} [[ඇමරිකාව]]:    60,000{{fact}} [[කැනඩාව]]:    40,000{{fact}} [[මලයාසියාව]]:    25,325 [http://www.worldchristiandatabase.org] [[සිංගප්පූරුව]]:    12,000{{fact}} [[මාල දිවයින]]:    10,000{{fact}} |rels=[[බුදු දහම]], [[කිතු දහම]]. කුඩා ප්‍රමානයන්ගෙන්: [[ආධ්යාත්මික|ආධ්යාත්මිකයින්]] සහ අන් ආගමිකයන්, |langs=[[සිංහල භාෂාව]] |related=[[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය ඡනයා]], [[Dravidian people|Dravidians]], [[වැද්දන්]] }} [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ]] ප්‍රධාන ඡන කොට්ටාශය '''සිංහල ජාතිය''' වන අතර ඔවුන්ගේ මවු බස [[සිංහල|සිංහල භාෂාව]] වෙයි. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ සිංහලයින් මිලියන 15ක් පමන වෙසෙන අතර, 320,000{{fact}} පමන වෙනත් රටවල වෙසෙයි. (ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් [[තායිලන්තය]] [[මලයාසියාව]] [[සිංගප්පූරුව]] වැනි [[ගිණිකොණදිග ආසියාව|ගිණිකොණදිග ආසියානු]] රටවල් වල සහ බටහිර රටවල් වල) [http://www.joshuaproject.net/peoples.php?rop3=109305] [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=sin] == ඉතිහාසය == [[සංස්කෘත]] භාෂාවින් ලියැවුනු [[ඉන්දියාව|ඉන්දියානු]] මිත්‍යා කථාවක් වන [[රාමායනය|රාමායනය]] පෞරාණික ලංකා දූපතෙහි (නූතන [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව]] යැයි විශ්වාස කරයි) දෙවියන් අතර වුනු සටනක් ගැන කතා කරයි. සිංහල ජාතිය සහ සිංහල භාෂාව [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 500|ක්‍රි.පූ. 500දී]] පමන විඡයාගමනයෙන් ඇරඹුනු බවට විශ්වාස කරයි. සිංහලයන් පැවත එන්නේ ක්‍රි.පූ. 543ත් ක්‍රි.පූ. 483ත් අතරදී [[බෙන්ගාලය|බෙන්ගාලයෙන්]] පිටුවහල් කරන ලද [[විජය කුමරු]] සහ ඔහුගේ සිය ගනනක පිරිවරගෙන් බවට ජන වහරේ සඳහන් වෙයි. [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 4වන ශතවර්ශය|ක්‍රි.පූ. 4වන ශතවර්යේදී]] [[පාලි|පාලියෙන්]] ලියැවුනු [[මහාවංශය]] සහ [[ක්‍රි.ව. 13වන ශතවර්ශය|ක්‍රි.ව. 13වන ශතවර්යේදී]] [[ධම්මකිත්ථි තෙරනුවන්]] ග්‍රන්තාරූඩ කල [[චූලවංශය]] [[අනුරාධපුර රාජධානිය|අනුරාධපුර]] සහ [[පොලොන්නරු රාජධානිය|පොලොන්නරු]] රාජධානි වල ඉතිහාසයට ලිඛිත සාක්ෂි දරයි. සිංහල යන නාමය [[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය]] ''සිංහල'' වදනින් පැවත එන අතර එහි අර්ථය ''සිංහ ජනයා'' වෙයි. [[අශෝක අධිරාජයා]] ඔහුගේ පුත් [[මිහිඳු තෙරනුවන්]] හරහා [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 4වන ශතවර්ශය|ක්‍රි.පූ. 4වන ශතවර්යේදී]] [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට]] [[බුදු දහම]] හඳුන්වාදුන්නේය. Sri Lanka was home to aboriginal populations including the [[Wanniyala-Aetto|Veddahs]] and later [[Dravidian people|Dravidian]] peoples who largely merged with an invading [[Indo-Aryans|Indo-Aryan]] population of indeterminate size. Race as such in Sri Lanka has little basis in either anthropology or genetics, although variations do exist between some Sinhalese upper class group such as the [[Kandy]]an in contrast with the tiny remnants of full-blooded Veddahs, but intermingling has long blurred any substantial and general variations in the population. In fact, some early genetic tests (Y-chromosome and MtDNA only) show that the majority of the Sinhalese genetically cluster with both the Tamils and other Indic populations. == Genetic and anthropological assessments == Contrary to popular opinion, in part instilled by British colonial policy of 'divide and rule', the Sinhalese are not a distinct group that is entirely or even mainly of '[[Indo-Aryans|Indo-Aryan]]' origin, which is itself a linguistic categorization and not a palpable 'racial' group. In fact, most Sinhalese, like most Indian populations show a high degree of genetic similarity that stems from a population that formed on the island roughly 12,000 years ago and has been little changed through invasions by Indo-Aryans and other groups. A 2003 [[Stanford University|Stanford]] study analyzing the origins of various South Asian populations (including 40 Sinhalese and over 90 Tamils from Sri Lanka) found that most of the population of the island and India in general: :''Taken together, these results show that Indian tribal and caste populations derive largely from the same genetic heritage of Pleistocene southern and western Asians and have received limited gene flow from external regions since the Holocene.'' [http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/AJHG_2003_v72_p313-332.pdf] These findings are corroborated by numerous other studies including a 2004 Biomedical Central Study: :''Gene flow from West Eurasia-Broadly, the average proportion of mtDNAs from West Eurasia among Indian caste populations is 17% (Table 2). In the western States of India and in Pakistan their share is greater, reaching over 30% in Kashmir and Gujarat, nearly 40% in Indian Punjab, and peaking, expectedly, at approximately 50% in Pakistan (Table 11, see Additional file 6, Figure 11, panel A). These frequencies demonstrate a general decline (SAA p < 0.05 Figure 4) towards the south (23%, 11% and 15% in Maharashtra, Kerala and Sri Lanka, respectively) and even more so towards the east of India (13% in Uttar Pradesh and around 7% in West Bengal and Bangladesh). The low (<3%) frequency of the western Eurasian mtDNAs in Rajasthan may be in part a statistical artifact due to the limited sample size of 35 Rajputs.'' [http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2156/5/26] Overall, the evidence supports the strong possibility that the Sinhalese are largely indigenous to Sri Lanka and adopted the Indo-Aryan language from invaders who in turn showed limited ancestry from some original Indo-Aryan invaders stemming from some Eurasian homeland. Ultimately, the genetic evidence also shows substantial genetic drift that corresponds to geography and in the case of Sri Lanka supports the notion that most Sinhalese stem from very early migrants, rather than later invaders: :''Modern Pakistani, Indian, and Sinhalese donors, examined for combinations of mini- and microsatellite loci, along with a number of Y chromosome and mtDNA markers (24), show varying degrees of diversity, which is expected from their geographic position and ability to receive waves of migrants pulsing from Africa and West Asia at different times. DYS287 or Y chromosome Alu insertion polymorphism also clearly demonstrate the gradual decline in insert-positive Y chromosomes from Africa to East Asia, reaching a transition point from polymorphic levels (1 to 5%) to private polymorphism in Pakistan.'' [http://natvet.sh.se/jna/Human_evolution_a.pdf] Thus, not surprisingly other studies done from different perspectives and goals substantiate these findings. In a 2003 American Journal of Human Genetics study entitled ''The Genetic Heritage of the Earliest Settlers Persists Both in Indian Tribal and Caste Populations'', the 'West Asian', presumably Indo-Aryan and other, genetic indicators show that, :''Their frequency is the highest in Punjab, ∼20%, and diminishes threefold, to an average of 7%, in the rest of the caste groups in India...'' [http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/AJHG_2003_v72_p313-332.pdf] These findings all include sample groups from Sinhalese populations in Sri Lanka who were thus compared to other South Asian and other Eurasian groups. From an anthropological perspective, the modern Sinhalese represent a fusion of a wide variety that nonetheless is overwhelmingly indigenous to the island of Sri Lanka and the genetic variations (based on Y-chromosomes and MtDNA only) between the Sinhalese and their Tamil and Veddah neighbors appears to be largely marginal and may be restricted to a small degree of sporadic differences rather than anything universal although some genetic drift has taken place that corresponds to language barriers. == Geographic diaspora == The vast majority of the Sinhalese live in Sri Lanka (mostly in the south and west of the island), but there are significant expatriate communities in Southeast Asia, Europe (notably the UK) and in North America (in particular the United States). Given its position at the junction of major trade routes spanning the [[Indian Ocean]], Sri Lanka inevitably has other ethnic groups in addition to the Sinhalese and the Tamils, such as Sri Lanka's small Arab, Chinese and [[Burgher people|Burgher]] (of mixed Dutch and Sri Lankan descent) communities. This ongoing mingling of ethnic groups can be most obviously noticed in the Sinhalese language of (Sinhala) itself, which has a vocabulary that borrows heavily from foreign languages, particularly Portuguese as well as English. == Religion == Most of the Sinhalese are [[Buddhist]]s (85-93%), and are considered the only ethnic group in South Asia who overwhelmingly adhere to the [[Theravada]] sect of Buddhism, though it should be noted that many Sinhalese Buddhists also venerate [[Hindu]] deities as well as indigenous gods. [http://www.statistics.gov.lk/census2001/database/csv_table2.asp] The remainder mostly belong to the Roman Catholic church, but there are [[Muslim]] and Hindu communities as well. == The modern Sinhalese == The Sinhalese tend to identify themselves through their Sinhala language and Buddhist faith which sets them apart from the main ethnic minority of Sri Lanka, the [[Sri Lankan Tamil]]s. In addition, economically, the Sinhalese also display a dominance over the island nation which has led to some discontent from other groups. Sinhalese society is highly educated in comparison to many developing countries with roughly 95% of the population being literate. In addition, due to a policy of universal healthcare, life expectancy is quite high as well reaching an apogee of 72 years. Female emancipation has led to many changes including greater parity between the sexes and prominent female polticians including former Prime Minister [[Sirimavo Bandaranaike]] and [[Chandrika Kumaratunga]]. The Sinhalese also have a stable birth rate and a population that has been growing at a much slower pace in comparison to India and other Asian countries. == Contemporary problems == The past thirty or so years of Sinhalese history has been marred by ongoing ethnic strife with [[Sri Lankan Tamil]]s. (see [[Ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka]]). == References == * De Silva, K.M. ''History of Sri Lanka'' (Univ. of Calif. Press, 1981) * Gunasekera, Tamara. ''Hierarchy and Egalitarianism: Caste, Class, and Power in Sinhalese Peasant Society'' (Athlone 1994). * Roberts, Michael. ''Sri Lanka: Collective Identities Revisited (Colombo-Marga Institute, 1997). * Wickremeratne, Ananda. ''Buddhism and Ethnicity in Sri Lanka: A Historical Analysis'' (New Dehli-Vikas Publishing House, 1995). == Online references == * {{loc}} - [http://countrystudies.us/sri-lanka/ Sri Lanka] * [http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/AJHG_2003_v72_p313-332.pdf The Genetic Heritage of the Earliest Settlers Persists Both in Indian Tribal and Caste Populations, Am. J. Hum. Genet. 72:313–332, 2003.] * [http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2156/5/26 ''Most of the extant mtDNA boundaries in South and Southwest Asia were likely shaped during the initial settlement of Eurasia by anatomically modern humans'', Biomedical Central, BMC Genetics 2004, 5:26] * [http://www.statistics.gov.lk/population/index.htm Department of Census and Statistics-Sri Lanka] * [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=sin Ethnologue-Sinhala, a language of Sri Lanka] * [http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ce.html#People CIA Factbook-Sri Lanka] * ''Genetic Clues to Dispersal in Human Populations: Retracing the Past from the Present'' (2 MARCH 2001 VOL 291 SCIENCE). [http://natvet.sh.se/jna/Human_evolution_a.pdf] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Asia]] [[ko:타밀 민족]] 5329 2006-05-05T19:02:26Z Sasakthi 84 /* ඉතිහාසය */ {{ethnic group| |group=සිංහල ජාතිය |image= |poptime=c. 14,900,000 |popplace=[[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව]]:    14,800,000 [http://www.statistics.gov.lk/census2001/database/csv_table2.asp] [[මැද පෙරදිග]]:    100,000{{fact}} [[යුරෝපය]]:    80,000{{fact}} [[තායිලන්තය]]:    70,000{{fact}} [[ඇමරිකාව]]:    60,000{{fact}} [[කැනඩාව]]:    40,000{{fact}} [[මලයාසියාව]]:    25,325 [http://www.worldchristiandatabase.org] [[සිංගප්පූරුව]]:    12,000{{fact}} [[මාල දිවයින]]:    10,000{{fact}} |rels=[[බුදු දහම]], [[කිතු දහම]]. කුඩා ප්‍රමානයන්ගෙන්: [[ආධ්යාත්මික|ආධ්යාත්මිකයින්]] සහ අන් ආගමිකයන්, |langs=[[සිංහල භාෂාව]] |related=[[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය ඡනයා]], [[Dravidian people|Dravidians]], [[වැද්දන්]] }} [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ]] ප්‍රධාන ඡන කොට්ටාශය '''සිංහල ජාතිය''' වන අතර ඔවුන්ගේ මවු බස [[සිංහල|සිංහල භාෂාව]] වෙයි. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ සිංහලයින් මිලියන 15ක් පමන වෙසෙන අතර, 320,000{{fact}} පමන වෙනත් රටවල වෙසෙයි. (ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් [[තායිලන්තය]] [[මලයාසියාව]] [[සිංගප්පූරුව]] වැනි [[ගිණිකොණදිග ආසියාව|ගිණිකොණදිග ආසියානු]] රටවල් වල සහ බටහිර රටවල් වල) [http://www.joshuaproject.net/peoples.php?rop3=109305] [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=sin] == ඉතිහාසය == [[සංස්කෘත]] භාෂාවින් ලියැවුනු [[ඉන්දියාව|ඉන්දියානු]] මිත්‍යා කථාවක් වන [[රාමායනය|රාමායනය]] පෞරාණික ලංකා දූපතෙහි (නූතන [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව]] යැයි විශ්වාස කරයි) දෙවියන් අතර වුනු සටනක් ගැන කතා කරයි. සිංහල ජාතිය සහ සිංහල භාෂාව [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 500|ක්‍රි.පූ. 500දී]] පමන විඡයාගමනයෙන් ඇරඹුනු බවට විශ්වාස කරයි. සිංහලයන් පැවත එන්නේ ක්‍රි.පූ. 543ත් ක්‍රි.පූ. 483ත් අතරදී [[බෙන්ගාලය|බෙන්ගාලයෙන්]] පිටුවහල් කරන ලද [[විජය කුමරු]] සහ ඔහුගේ සිය ගනනක පිරිවරගෙන් බවට ජන වහරේ සඳහන් වෙයි. [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 4වන ශතවර්ශය|ක්‍රි.පූ. 4වන ශතවර්යේදී]] [[පාලි|පාලියෙන්]] ලියැවුනු [[මහාවංශය]] සහ [[ක්‍රි.ව. 13වන ශතවර්ශය|ක්‍රි.ව. 13වන ශතවර්යේදී]] [[ධම්මකිත්ථි තෙරනුවන්]] ග්‍රන්තාරූඩ කල [[චූලවංශය]] [[අනුරාධපුර රාජධානිය|අනුරාධපුර]] සහ [[පොලොන්නරු රාජධානිය|පොලොන්නරු]] රාජධානි වල ඉතිහාසයට ලිඛිත සාක්ෂි දරයි. සිංහල යන නාමය [[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය]] ''සිංහල'' වදනින් පැවත එන අතර එහි අර්ථය ''සිංහ ජනයා'' වෙයි. [[අශෝක අධිරාජයා]] ඔහුගේ පුත් [[මිහිඳු තෙරනුවන්]] හරහා [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 4වන ශතවර්ශය|ක්‍රි.පූ. 4වන ශතවර්යේදී]] [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට]] [[බුදු දහම]] හඳුන්වාදුන්නේය. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ යක්ෂ සහ නාග ගෝත්‍රිකයෝ වාසය කල බවට ජන වහරේ ඇති අතර විජයාගමනයට පසුව ඔවුන් ඉන්දු-ආර්ය සංක්‍රමණිකයීන් සමග මීශ්‍ර වූ බවට සාක්ෂි ඇත. Race as such in Sri Lanka has little basis in either anthropology or genetics, although variations do exist between some Sinhalese upper class group such as the [[Kandy]]an in contrast with the tiny remnants of full-blooded Veddahs, but intermingling has long blurred any substantial and general variations in the population. In fact, some early genetic tests (Y-chromosome and MtDNA only) show that the majority of the Sinhalese genetically cluster with both the Tamils and other Indic populations. == Genetic and anthropological assessments == Contrary to popular opinion, in part instilled by British colonial policy of 'divide and rule', the Sinhalese are not a distinct group that is entirely or even mainly of '[[Indo-Aryans|Indo-Aryan]]' origin, which is itself a linguistic categorization and not a palpable 'racial' group. In fact, most Sinhalese, like most Indian populations show a high degree of genetic similarity that stems from a population that formed on the island roughly 12,000 years ago and has been little changed through invasions by Indo-Aryans and other groups. A 2003 [[Stanford University|Stanford]] study analyzing the origins of various South Asian populations (including 40 Sinhalese and over 90 Tamils from Sri Lanka) found that most of the population of the island and India in general: :''Taken together, these results show that Indian tribal and caste populations derive largely from the same genetic heritage of Pleistocene southern and western Asians and have received limited gene flow from external regions since the Holocene.'' [http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/AJHG_2003_v72_p313-332.pdf] These findings are corroborated by numerous other studies including a 2004 Biomedical Central Study: :''Gene flow from West Eurasia-Broadly, the average proportion of mtDNAs from West Eurasia among Indian caste populations is 17% (Table 2). In the western States of India and in Pakistan their share is greater, reaching over 30% in Kashmir and Gujarat, nearly 40% in Indian Punjab, and peaking, expectedly, at approximately 50% in Pakistan (Table 11, see Additional file 6, Figure 11, panel A). These frequencies demonstrate a general decline (SAA p < 0.05 Figure 4) towards the south (23%, 11% and 15% in Maharashtra, Kerala and Sri Lanka, respectively) and even more so towards the east of India (13% in Uttar Pradesh and around 7% in West Bengal and Bangladesh). The low (<3%) frequency of the western Eurasian mtDNAs in Rajasthan may be in part a statistical artifact due to the limited sample size of 35 Rajputs.'' [http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2156/5/26] Overall, the evidence supports the strong possibility that the Sinhalese are largely indigenous to Sri Lanka and adopted the Indo-Aryan language from invaders who in turn showed limited ancestry from some original Indo-Aryan invaders stemming from some Eurasian homeland. Ultimately, the genetic evidence also shows substantial genetic drift that corresponds to geography and in the case of Sri Lanka supports the notion that most Sinhalese stem from very early migrants, rather than later invaders: :''Modern Pakistani, Indian, and Sinhalese donors, examined for combinations of mini- and microsatellite loci, along with a number of Y chromosome and mtDNA markers (24), show varying degrees of diversity, which is expected from their geographic position and ability to receive waves of migrants pulsing from Africa and West Asia at different times. DYS287 or Y chromosome Alu insertion polymorphism also clearly demonstrate the gradual decline in insert-positive Y chromosomes from Africa to East Asia, reaching a transition point from polymorphic levels (1 to 5%) to private polymorphism in Pakistan.'' [http://natvet.sh.se/jna/Human_evolution_a.pdf] Thus, not surprisingly other studies done from different perspectives and goals substantiate these findings. In a 2003 American Journal of Human Genetics study entitled ''The Genetic Heritage of the Earliest Settlers Persists Both in Indian Tribal and Caste Populations'', the 'West Asian', presumably Indo-Aryan and other, genetic indicators show that, :''Their frequency is the highest in Punjab, ∼20%, and diminishes threefold, to an average of 7%, in the rest of the caste groups in India...'' [http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/AJHG_2003_v72_p313-332.pdf] These findings all include sample groups from Sinhalese populations in Sri Lanka who were thus compared to other South Asian and other Eurasian groups. From an anthropological perspective, the modern Sinhalese represent a fusion of a wide variety that nonetheless is overwhelmingly indigenous to the island of Sri Lanka and the genetic variations (based on Y-chromosomes and MtDNA only) between the Sinhalese and their Tamil and Veddah neighbors appears to be largely marginal and may be restricted to a small degree of sporadic differences rather than anything universal although some genetic drift has taken place that corresponds to language barriers. == Geographic diaspora == The vast majority of the Sinhalese live in Sri Lanka (mostly in the south and west of the island), but there are significant expatriate communities in Southeast Asia, Europe (notably the UK) and in North America (in particular the United States). Given its position at the junction of major trade routes spanning the [[Indian Ocean]], Sri Lanka inevitably has other ethnic groups in addition to the Sinhalese and the Tamils, such as Sri Lanka's small Arab, Chinese and [[Burgher people|Burgher]] (of mixed Dutch and Sri Lankan descent) communities. This ongoing mingling of ethnic groups can be most obviously noticed in the Sinhalese language of (Sinhala) itself, which has a vocabulary that borrows heavily from foreign languages, particularly Portuguese as well as English. == Religion == Most of the Sinhalese are [[Buddhist]]s (85-93%), and are considered the only ethnic group in South Asia who overwhelmingly adhere to the [[Theravada]] sect of Buddhism, though it should be noted that many Sinhalese Buddhists also venerate [[Hindu]] deities as well as indigenous gods. [http://www.statistics.gov.lk/census2001/database/csv_table2.asp] The remainder mostly belong to the Roman Catholic church, but there are [[Muslim]] and Hindu communities as well. == The modern Sinhalese == The Sinhalese tend to identify themselves through their Sinhala language and Buddhist faith which sets them apart from the main ethnic minority of Sri Lanka, the [[Sri Lankan Tamil]]s. In addition, economically, the Sinhalese also display a dominance over the island nation which has led to some discontent from other groups. Sinhalese society is highly educated in comparison to many developing countries with roughly 95% of the population being literate. In addition, due to a policy of universal healthcare, life expectancy is quite high as well reaching an apogee of 72 years. Female emancipation has led to many changes including greater parity between the sexes and prominent female polticians including former Prime Minister [[Sirimavo Bandaranaike]] and [[Chandrika Kumaratunga]]. The Sinhalese also have a stable birth rate and a population that has been growing at a much slower pace in comparison to India and other Asian countries. == Contemporary problems == The past thirty or so years of Sinhalese history has been marred by ongoing ethnic strife with [[Sri Lankan Tamil]]s. (see [[Ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka]]). == References == * De Silva, K.M. ''History of Sri Lanka'' (Univ. of Calif. Press, 1981) * Gunasekera, Tamara. ''Hierarchy and Egalitarianism: Caste, Class, and Power in Sinhalese Peasant Society'' (Athlone 1994). * Roberts, Michael. ''Sri Lanka: Collective Identities Revisited (Colombo-Marga Institute, 1997). * Wickremeratne, Ananda. ''Buddhism and Ethnicity in Sri Lanka: A Historical Analysis'' (New Dehli-Vikas Publishing House, 1995). == Online references == * {{loc}} - [http://countrystudies.us/sri-lanka/ Sri Lanka] * [http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/AJHG_2003_v72_p313-332.pdf The Genetic Heritage of the Earliest Settlers Persists Both in Indian Tribal and Caste Populations, Am. J. Hum. Genet. 72:313–332, 2003.] * [http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2156/5/26 ''Most of the extant mtDNA boundaries in South and Southwest Asia were likely shaped during the initial settlement of Eurasia by anatomically modern humans'', Biomedical Central, BMC Genetics 2004, 5:26] * [http://www.statistics.gov.lk/population/index.htm Department of Census and Statistics-Sri Lanka] * [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=sin Ethnologue-Sinhala, a language of Sri Lanka] * [http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ce.html#People CIA Factbook-Sri Lanka] * ''Genetic Clues to Dispersal in Human Populations: Retracing the Past from the Present'' (2 MARCH 2001 VOL 291 SCIENCE). [http://natvet.sh.se/jna/Human_evolution_a.pdf] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Asia]] [[ko:타밀 민족]] 5377 2006-05-12T06:02:40Z Sasakthi 84 /* ඉතිහාසය */ {{ethnic group| |group=සිංහල ජාතිය |image= |poptime=c. 14,900,000 |popplace=[[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව]]:    14,800,000 [http://www.statistics.gov.lk/census2001/database/csv_table2.asp] [[මැද පෙරදිග]]:    100,000{{fact}} [[යුරෝපය]]:    80,000{{fact}} [[තායිලන්තය]]:    70,000{{fact}} [[ඇමරිකාව]]:    60,000{{fact}} [[කැනඩාව]]:    40,000{{fact}} [[මලයාසියාව]]:    25,325 [http://www.worldchristiandatabase.org] [[සිංගප්පූරුව]]:    12,000{{fact}} [[මාල දිවයින]]:    10,000{{fact}} |rels=[[බුදු දහම]], [[කිතු දහම]]. කුඩා ප්‍රමානයන්ගෙන්: [[ආධ්යාත්මික|ආධ්යාත්මිකයින්]] සහ අන් ආගමිකයන්, |langs=[[සිංහල භාෂාව]] |related=[[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය ඡනයා]], [[Dravidian people|Dravidians]], [[වැද්දන්]] }} [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ]] ප්‍රධාන ඡන කොට්ටාශය '''සිංහල ජාතිය''' වන අතර ඔවුන්ගේ මවු බස [[සිංහල|සිංහල භාෂාව]] වෙයි. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ සිංහලයින් මිලියන 15ක් පමන වෙසෙන අතර, 320,000{{fact}} පමන වෙනත් රටවල වෙසෙයි. (ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් [[තායිලන්තය]] [[මලයාසියාව]] [[සිංගප්පූරුව]] වැනි [[ගිණිකොණදිග ආසියාව|ගිණිකොණදිග ආසියානු]] රටවල් වල සහ බටහිර රටවල් වල) [http://www.joshuaproject.net/peoples.php?rop3=109305] [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=sin] == ඉතිහාසය == [[සංස්කෘත]] භාෂාවින් ලියැවුනු [[ඉන්දියාව|ඉන්දියානු]] මිත්‍යා කථාවක් වන [[රාමායනය|රාමායනය]] පෞරාණික ලංකා දූපතෙහි (නූතන [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව]] යැයි විශ්වාස කරයි) දෙවියන් අතර වුනු සටනක් ගැන කතා කරයි. සිංහල ජාතිය සහ සිංහල භාෂාව [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 500|ක්‍රි.පූ. 500දී]] පමන විඡයාගමනයෙන් ඇරඹුනු බවට විශ්වාස කරයි. සිංහලයන් පැවත එන්නේ ක්‍රි.පූ. 543ත් ක්‍රි.පූ. 483ත් අතරදී [[බෙන්ගාලය|බෙන්ගාලයෙන්]] පිටුවහල් කරන ලද [[විජය කුමරු]] සහ ඔහුගේ සිය ගනනක පිරිවරගෙන් බවට ජන වහරේ සඳහන් වෙයි. [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 4වන ශතවර්ශය|ක්‍රි.පූ. 4වන ශතවර්යේදී]] [[පාලි|පාලියෙන්]] ලියැවුනු [[මහාවංශය]] සහ [[ක්‍රි.ව. 13වන ශතවර්ශය|ක්‍රි.ව. 13වන ශතවර්යේදී]] [[ධම්මකිත්ථි තෙරනුවන්]] ග්‍රන්තාරූඩ කල [[චූලවංශය]] [[අනුරාධපුර රාජධානිය|අනුරාධපුර]] සහ [[පොලොන්නරු රාජධානිය|පොලොන්නරු]] රාජධානි වල ඉතිහාසයට ලිඛිත සාක්ෂි දරයි. සිංහල යන නාමය [[ඉන්දු-ආර්ය]] ''සිංහල'' වදනින් පැවත එන අතර එහි අර්ථය ''සිංහ ජනයා'' වෙයි. [[අශෝක අධිරාජයා]] ඔහුගේ පුත් [[මිහිඳු තෙරනුවන්]] හරහා [[ක්‍රි.පූ. 4වන ශතවර්ශය|ක්‍රි.පූ. 4වන ශතවර්යේදී]] [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට]] [[බුදු දහම]] හඳුන්වාදුන්නේය. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ යක්ෂ සහ නාග ගෝත්‍රිකයෝ වාසය කල බවට ජන වහරේ ඇති අතර විජයාගමනයට පසුව ඔවුන් ඉන්දු-ආර්ය සංක්‍රමණිකයීන් සමග මීශ්‍ර වූ බවට සාක්ෂි ඇත. උඩරට සිංහල ජනයා සහ වැදි ජනයා අතර සුළු වෙනස්කම් ඇති නමුත් වසර 2500ක් තුලදී වුනු මිශ්‍ර වීම් නිසා සිංහල ජනයා අතර වෙනස්කම් ඇත්තේ අල්ප මාත්‍ර තරමින්ය. == Genetic and anthropological assessments == Contrary to popular opinion, in part instilled by British colonial policy of 'divide and rule', the Sinhalese are not a distinct group that is entirely or even mainly of '[[Indo-Aryans|Indo-Aryan]]' origin, which is itself a linguistic categorization and not a palpable 'racial' group. In fact, most Sinhalese, like most Indian populations show a high degree of genetic similarity that stems from a population that formed on the island roughly 12,000 years ago and has been little changed through invasions by Indo-Aryans and other groups. A 2003 [[Stanford University|Stanford]] study analyzing the origins of various South Asian populations (including 40 Sinhalese and over 90 Tamils from Sri Lanka) found that most of the population of the island and India in general: :''Taken together, these results show that Indian tribal and caste populations derive largely from the same genetic heritage of Pleistocene southern and western Asians and have received limited gene flow from external regions since the Holocene.'' [http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/AJHG_2003_v72_p313-332.pdf] These findings are corroborated by numerous other studies including a 2004 Biomedical Central Study: :''Gene flow from West Eurasia-Broadly, the average proportion of mtDNAs from West Eurasia among Indian caste populations is 17% (Table 2). In the western States of India and in Pakistan their share is greater, reaching over 30% in Kashmir and Gujarat, nearly 40% in Indian Punjab, and peaking, expectedly, at approximately 50% in Pakistan (Table 11, see Additional file 6, Figure 11, panel A). These frequencies demonstrate a general decline (SAA p < 0.05 Figure 4) towards the south (23%, 11% and 15% in Maharashtra, Kerala and Sri Lanka, respectively) and even more so towards the east of India (13% in Uttar Pradesh and around 7% in West Bengal and Bangladesh). The low (<3%) frequency of the western Eurasian mtDNAs in Rajasthan may be in part a statistical artifact due to the limited sample size of 35 Rajputs.'' [http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2156/5/26] Overall, the evidence supports the strong possibility that the Sinhalese are largely indigenous to Sri Lanka and adopted the Indo-Aryan language from invaders who in turn showed limited ancestry from some original Indo-Aryan invaders stemming from some Eurasian homeland. Ultimately, the genetic evidence also shows substantial genetic drift that corresponds to geography and in the case of Sri Lanka supports the notion that most Sinhalese stem from very early migrants, rather than later invaders: :''Modern Pakistani, Indian, and Sinhalese donors, examined for combinations of mini- and microsatellite loci, along with a number of Y chromosome and mtDNA markers (24), show varying degrees of diversity, which is expected from their geographic position and ability to receive waves of migrants pulsing from Africa and West Asia at different times. DYS287 or Y chromosome Alu insertion polymorphism also clearly demonstrate the gradual decline in insert-positive Y chromosomes from Africa to East Asia, reaching a transition point from polymorphic levels (1 to 5%) to private polymorphism in Pakistan.'' [http://natvet.sh.se/jna/Human_evolution_a.pdf] Thus, not surprisingly other studies done from different perspectives and goals substantiate these findings. In a 2003 American Journal of Human Genetics study entitled ''The Genetic Heritage of the Earliest Settlers Persists Both in Indian Tribal and Caste Populations'', the 'West Asian', presumably Indo-Aryan and other, genetic indicators show that, :''Their frequency is the highest in Punjab, ∼20%, and diminishes threefold, to an average of 7%, in the rest of the caste groups in India...'' [http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/AJHG_2003_v72_p313-332.pdf] These findings all include sample groups from Sinhalese populations in Sri Lanka who were thus compared to other South Asian and other Eurasian groups. From an anthropological perspective, the modern Sinhalese represent a fusion of a wide variety that nonetheless is overwhelmingly indigenous to the island of Sri Lanka and the genetic variations (based on Y-chromosomes and MtDNA only) between the Sinhalese and their Tamil and Veddah neighbors appears to be largely marginal and may be restricted to a small degree of sporadic differences rather than anything universal although some genetic drift has taken place that corresponds to language barriers. == Geographic diaspora == The vast majority of the Sinhalese live in Sri Lanka (mostly in the south and west of the island), but there are significant expatriate communities in Southeast Asia, Europe (notably the UK) and in North America (in particular the United States). Given its position at the junction of major trade routes spanning the [[Indian Ocean]], Sri Lanka inevitably has other ethnic groups in addition to the Sinhalese and the Tamils, such as Sri Lanka's small Arab, Chinese and [[Burgher people|Burgher]] (of mixed Dutch and Sri Lankan descent) communities. This ongoing mingling of ethnic groups can be most obviously noticed in the Sinhalese language of (Sinhala) itself, which has a vocabulary that borrows heavily from foreign languages, particularly Portuguese as well as English. == Religion == Most of the Sinhalese are [[Buddhist]]s (85-93%), and are considered the only ethnic group in South Asia who overwhelmingly adhere to the [[Theravada]] sect of Buddhism, though it should be noted that many Sinhalese Buddhists also venerate [[Hindu]] deities as well as indigenous gods. [http://www.statistics.gov.lk/census2001/database/csv_table2.asp] The remainder mostly belong to the Roman Catholic church, but there are [[Muslim]] and Hindu communities as well. == The modern Sinhalese == The Sinhalese tend to identify themselves through their Sinhala language and Buddhist faith which sets them apart from the main ethnic minority of Sri Lanka, the [[Sri Lankan Tamil]]s. In addition, economically, the Sinhalese also display a dominance over the island nation which has led to some discontent from other groups. Sinhalese society is highly educated in comparison to many developing countries with roughly 95% of the population being literate. In addition, due to a policy of universal healthcare, life expectancy is quite high as well reaching an apogee of 72 years. Female emancipation has led to many changes including greater parity between the sexes and prominent female polticians including former Prime Minister [[Sirimavo Bandaranaike]] and [[Chandrika Kumaratunga]]. The Sinhalese also have a stable birth rate and a population that has been growing at a much slower pace in comparison to India and other Asian countries. == Contemporary problems == The past thirty or so years of Sinhalese history has been marred by ongoing ethnic strife with [[Sri Lankan Tamil]]s. (see [[Ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka]]). == References == * De Silva, K.M. ''History of Sri Lanka'' (Univ. of Calif. Press, 1981) * Gunasekera, Tamara. ''Hierarchy and Egalitarianism: Caste, Class, and Power in Sinhalese Peasant Society'' (Athlone 1994). * Roberts, Michael. ''Sri Lanka: Collective Identities Revisited (Colombo-Marga Institute, 1997). * Wickremeratne, Ananda. ''Buddhism and Ethnicity in Sri Lanka: A Historical Analysis'' (New Dehli-Vikas Publishing House, 1995). == Online references == * {{loc}} - [http://countrystudies.us/sri-lanka/ Sri Lanka] * [http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/AJHG_2003_v72_p313-332.pdf The Genetic Heritage of the Earliest Settlers Persists Both in Indian Tribal and Caste Populations, Am. J. Hum. Genet. 72:313–332, 2003.] * [http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2156/5/26 ''Most of the extant mtDNA boundaries in South and Southwest Asia were likely shaped during the initial settlement of Eurasia by anatomically modern humans'', Biomedical Central, BMC Genetics 2004, 5:26] * [http://www.statistics.gov.lk/population/index.htm Department of Census and Statistics-Sri Lanka] * [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=sin Ethnologue-Sinhala, a language of Sri Lanka] * [http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ce.html#People CIA Factbook-Sri Lanka] * ''Genetic Clues to Dispersal in Human Populations: Retracing the Past from the Present'' (2 MARCH 2001 VOL 291 SCIENCE). [http://natvet.sh.se/jna/Human_evolution_a.pdf] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Asia]] [[ko:타밀 민족]] MediaWiki:Imagelistforuser 1689 sysop 4801 2006-01-01T14:33:44Z MediaWiki default This shows only images uploaded by $1. MediaWiki:Istemplate 1690 sysop 4802 2006-01-01T14:33:45Z MediaWiki default inclusion Wikipedia:Peskovnik 1691 4808 2006-01-02T21:24:34Z 72.240.149.100 sabor down = paece 4809 2006-01-02T21:25:19Z 72.240.149.100 Nobody likes this language. 4812 2006-01-06T05:58:57Z 193.249.113.253 blanked 4834 2006-02-03T02:00:24Z 213.172.251.128 Ta Vikipedia (ne W-, ampak V-!) je en drek! 4835 2006-02-03T02:00:43Z 213.172.251.128 Ta Vikipedija (ne W-, ampak V-!) je en drek! 4871 2006-02-25T07:31:01Z 222.165.181.82 '''සිංහලෙන් විකි''' සිංහලෙන් == විකිපීඩියා == සමඟ කටයුතු කිරීම ඉතා පහසුයි. ඔබත් සිංහලෙන් ලියන්න. 5602 2006-06-09T22:00:15Z 85.70.224.120 '''සිංහලෙන් විකි''' සිංහලෙන් == විකිපීඩියා == සමඟ කටයුතු කිරීම ඉතා පහසුයි. ඔබත් සිංහලෙන් ලියන්න. * [http://www.2zsjc.cz/ šikana] Lindsay Lohan 1693 4819 2006-01-11T15:58:44Z 86.61.7.6 LINDSAY LOHAN Lindsay Morgan Lohan (rojena 2. julija 1986) je ameriška igralka in pop pevka. Rodila se je v New Yorku in odrasla v Cold Spring Harbor. Leta 2004 je njen dom postal v Beverly Hillsu. TELEVIZIJA Lindsay Lohan je začela svojo kariero pri treh letih kot manekenka za Ford Akademijo in posnela več kot 60 televizijskih reklam. Vendar Lindsay se je bolje odrezala kot igralka in ne kot otroška manekenka. Nastopila jev operah kot so The Guiding Light in As The World Turns in več mesecev preživela kot Alison ''Alli'' Flower v nanizanki Another World. Predstavila se je tudi v nanizanki Healthy Kids z Dino Lohan, njena mama in poslovna managerka. Kot najstnica je imela glavno vlogo v dveh Disney Channel originalnih filmih, Life-Size in Get a Clue. Igrala je tudi hčerko Bette Midler v prvi epizodi serije Bette. 8. novembra 2004 je Lohan nastopila v humoristični nanizanki Oh, ta sedemdeseta v epizodi Mamin mali pomočnik. Lindsay je igrala ''Danielle'' z Ashtonom Kutcherjem (''Kelso'') in njenim bivšim fantom Wilmerjem Valderrama (''Fez''). Lindsay Lohan je tudi nastopila dvakrat v oddaji Saturday Night Life. FILMI Lindsayina prva filmska vloga je bila v filmu Past za starše (The Parent trap,1998), ko je igrala dvojčici Hallie Parker in Annie James. Njuna starša sta odigrala Natasha Richardson in Dennis Quaid. Njena naslednja filmska vloga je bila v družinskem filmu Odštekani petek (Freaky Friday, 2003). Glavni vlogi sta pripadali Lindsay Lohan ( Anna Colman) in Jamie Lee Curtis, ki je igrala Annino mamo in hčerko, ko sta si v neki kitajski restavraciji po nesreči zamenjali telesa. Film je požel veliko uspeha. Naslednji film, Zlobna dekleta (Mean Girls, 2004) pripoveduje o tem kako se Cady Heron iz Afrike preseli v Ameriko in se sooči s svetom treh zlobnih deklet: Regino George (Reachel McAdams), Gretchen Winners (Lacey Chabert) in Karen Smith (Amanda Seyfried). Istega leta je Lindsay dobila glavno vlogo Mary Elizabeth Cep ''Lola Step'' v filmu Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen. Lola želi postati igralka, veliko dogodivščin pa doživi tudi na koncertu in zabavi svoje najljubše glasbene skupine. Vfilmu igrajo tudi Alison Pill (Ella Gerrard), Megan Fox (Carla Santini), Adam Garcia (Stu Wolf), Eli Marienthal (Sam), Glenne Headly (Karen, Lolina mama) in Carol Kane (gospodična Boggoli). Najnovejši film, v katerem lahko gledamo Lindsay Lohan je Herbie: s polnim gasom (Herbie: fully loaded, 2005). Film je peta različica Herbija od Walt Disney Pictues (Prva je bila leta 1980: Herbie goes bananas). Lindsay je v filmu igrala še z Justinom Longom, Michaelom Ketonom, Mattom Dillonom in Breckin Meyer. Meggie (Lohan) sanja o tem da bi vozila dirkalni avto na dirkah. Sanje se ji uresničijo, ko spozna Herbija in skupaj gresta novim zmagam na proti. Za leto 2006 je Lindsay Lohan za nas pripravila še dva filma: Just my luck in The last broadcast. GLASBA Leta 2003 je Lindsay posnela CD s pesmimi iz filma Odštekani petek z vodilno pesmijo ''Ultimate''. Leto kasneje, 2004, je izšel CD s pesmimi iz filma Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen s hitom ''That girl''. 7. decembra 2004 je Lindsay izdala svoj prvi album Speak, na katerem je njen prvi single ''Rumors'', kateri videospot je bil nominiran za ''naj pop video'' na MTV Video Music Awards 2005. Na CD-ju sta tudi hita ''Over'' in ''First'' (''First'' je tudi pesem iz filma Herbie: s polnim gasom). Septembra 2005 se je Lindsay vrnila v studio in že pripravlja nov album A little more personal, ki bo v ZDA izšel 22. novembra 2005. Na CD-ju bo tudi hit ''Confessions of a broken heart (daughter to father')'', ki ga lahko že slišimo tudi na slovenskih radio postajah. Za to pesem je tudi že posnela videospot. Lindsay pripravlja tudi pesem s pevko Alsou. POD ŽAROMETI Ljudje so kmalu ugotovili, da je nekaj med Lindsay Lohan in Hilary Duff (obe imata filmsko in glasbeno kariero in obe sta hodili s pevcem Aaronom Carterjem), ko je ena od njih začela prepir in sta druga drugi govorili, da se nočeta poznati. Spomladi 2004 se je Lindsay preselila skupaj z igralcem Wilmerjem Valderrama, a sta naslednjega novembra že šla narazen, skregala se nista, saj je Lindsay priznala, da je bila preveč nezaupljiva in ljubosumna, saj so se okoli njega vedno smukale oboževalke, zato je razmerje raje končala. 2005, je Lohanova dramatično izgubila težo zaradi kajenja. Kmalu naj bi bila naveličana svoje suhljate postave in si želi, da bi imela tak dekolte kot nekoč. Julija 2005 so naredili punčko v podobi Lindsay Lohan. ZASEBNO ŽIVLJENJE Originalni priimek Lindsayine družine je LOWHAN, ampak po letu 2005, sta igralka in njena mama priimek LOHAN spremenili na LOWEN, ker se vračata k svojim evropskim koreninam. Kmalu za tem, ko se je Lindsay slikala za vozniško dovoljenje, so jo vprašali kakšno je njeno drugo ime, je odgovorila da Dee, ampak ga kmalu spremenila na Morgan. Lindsay je najstarejši otrok Michaela in Dine Lohan. Ima še tri eno mlajšo sestro Aliano (''Ali'') in dva mlajša brata Michaela in Dakota (''Cody''). Aliana je otroška manekenka in igralka. Mama Dina je zvezda radia City v New Yorku, oče Michael pa je bil dolgo časa borzni posrednik na Wall Streetu. Kasneje, ko je z dobrim poslovanjem obogatel, se je posvetil filmski industriji. 4820 2006-01-11T16:01:32Z 86.61.7.6 [[Image:Example.jpg]] Lindsay Morgan Lohan (rojena 2. julija 1986) je ameriška igralka in pop pevka. Rodila se je v New Yorku in odrasla v Cold Spring Harbor. Leta 2004 je njen dom postal v Beverly Hillsu. TELEVIZIJA Lindsay Lohan je začela svojo kariero pri treh letih kot manekenka za Ford Akademijo in posnela več kot 60 televizijskih reklam. Vendar Lindsay se je bolje odrezala kot igralka in ne kot otroška manekenka. Nastopila jev operah kot so The Guiding Light in As The World Turns in več mesecev preživela kot Alison ''Alli'' Flower v nanizanki Another World. Predstavila se je tudi v nanizanki Healthy Kids z Dino Lohan, njena mama in poslovna managerka. Kot najstnica je imela glavno vlogo v dveh Disney Channel originalnih filmih, Life-Size in Get a Clue. Igrala je tudi hčerko Bette Midler v prvi epizodi serije Bette. 8. novembra 2004 je Lohan nastopila v humoristični nanizanki Oh, ta sedemdeseta v epizodi Mamin mali pomočnik. Lindsay je igrala ''Danielle'' z Ashtonom Kutcherjem (''Kelso'') in njenim bivšim fantom Wilmerjem Valderrama (''Fez''). Lindsay Lohan je tudi nastopila dvakrat v oddaji Saturday Night Life. FILMI Lindsayina prva filmska vloga je bila v filmu Past za starše (The Parent trap,1998), ko je igrala dvojčici Hallie Parker in Annie James. Njuna starša sta odigrala Natasha Richardson in Dennis Quaid. Njena naslednja filmska vloga je bila v družinskem filmu Odštekani petek (Freaky Friday, 2003). Glavni vlogi sta pripadali Lindsay Lohan ( Anna Colman) in Jamie Lee Curtis, ki je igrala Annino mamo in hčerko, ko sta si v neki kitajski restavraciji po nesreči zamenjali telesa. Film je požel veliko uspeha. Naslednji film, Zlobna dekleta (Mean Girls, 2004) pripoveduje o tem kako se Cady Heron iz Afrike preseli v Ameriko in se sooči s svetom treh zlobnih deklet: Regino George (Reachel McAdams), Gretchen Winners (Lacey Chabert) in Karen Smith (Amanda Seyfried). Istega leta je Lindsay dobila glavno vlogo Mary Elizabeth Cep ''Lola Step'' v filmu Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen. Lola želi postati igralka, veliko dogodivščin pa doživi tudi na koncertu in zabavi svoje najljubše glasbene skupine. Vfilmu igrajo tudi Alison Pill (Ella Gerrard), Megan Fox (Carla Santini), Adam Garcia (Stu Wolf), Eli Marienthal (Sam), Glenne Headly (Karen, Lolina mama) in Carol Kane (gospodična Boggoli). Najnovejši film, v katerem lahko gledamo Lindsay Lohan je Herbie: s polnim gasom (Herbie: fully loaded, 2005). Film je peta različica Herbija od Walt Disney Pictues (Prva je bila leta 1980: Herbie goes bananas). Lindsay je v filmu igrala še z Justinom Longom, Michaelom Ketonom, Mattom Dillonom in Breckin Meyer. Meggie (Lohan) sanja o tem da bi vozila dirkalni avto na dirkah. Sanje se ji uresničijo, ko spozna Herbija in skupaj gresta novim zmagam na proti. Za leto 2006 je Lindsay Lohan za nas pripravila še dva filma: Just my luck in The last broadcast. GLASBA Leta 2003 je Lindsay posnela CD s pesmimi iz filma Odštekani petek z vodilno pesmijo ''Ultimate''. Leto kasneje, 2004, je izšel CD s pesmimi iz filma Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen s hitom ''That girl''. 7. decembra 2004 je Lindsay izdala svoj prvi album Speak, na katerem je njen prvi single ''Rumors'', kateri videospot je bil nominiran za ''naj pop video'' na MTV Video Music Awards 2005. Na CD-ju sta tudi hita ''Over'' in ''First'' (''First'' je tudi pesem iz filma Herbie: s polnim gasom). Septembra 2005 se je Lindsay vrnila v studio in že pripravlja nov album A little more personal, ki bo v ZDA izšel 22. novembra 2005. Na CD-ju bo tudi hit ''Confessions of a broken heart (daughter to father')'', ki ga lahko že slišimo tudi na slovenskih radio postajah. Za to pesem je tudi že posnela videospot. Lindsay pripravlja tudi pesem s pevko Alsou. POD ŽAROMETI Ljudje so kmalu ugotovili, da je nekaj med Lindsay Lohan in Hilary Duff (obe imata filmsko in glasbeno kariero in obe sta hodili s pevcem Aaronom Carterjem), ko je ena od njih začela prepir in sta druga drugi govorili, da se nočeta poznati. Spomladi 2004 se je Lindsay preselila skupaj z igralcem Wilmerjem Valderrama, a sta naslednjega novembra že šla narazen, skregala se nista, saj je Lindsay priznala, da je bila preveč nezaupljiva in ljubosumna, saj so se okoli njega vedno smukale oboževalke, zato je razmerje raje končala. 2005, je Lohanova dramatično izgubila težo zaradi kajenja. Kmalu naj bi bila naveličana svoje suhljate postave in si želi, da bi imela tak dekolte kot nekoč. Julija 2005 so naredili punčko v podobi Lindsay Lohan. ZASEBNO ŽIVLJENJE Originalni priimek Lindsayine družine je LOWHAN, ampak po letu 2005, sta igralka in njena mama priimek LOHAN spremenili na LOWEN, ker se vračata k svojim evropskim koreninam. Kmalu za tem, ko se je Lindsay slikala za vozniško dovoljenje, so jo vprašali kakšno je njeno drugo ime, je odgovorila da Dee, ampak ga kmalu spremenila na Morgan. Lindsay je najstarejši otrok Michaela in Dine Lohan. Ima še tri eno mlajšo sestro Aliano (''Ali'') in dva mlajša brata Michaela in Dakota (''Cody''). Aliana je otroška manekenka in igralka. Mama Dina je zvezda radia City v New Yorku, oče Michael pa je bil dolgo časa borzni posrednik na Wall Streetu. Kasneje, ko je z dobrim poslovanjem obogatel, se je posvetil filmski industriji. 4821 2006-01-11T16:04:40Z 86.61.7.6 Lindsay Morgan Lohan (rojena 2. julija 1986) je ameriška igralka in pop pevka. Rodila se je v New Yorku in odrasla v Cold Spring Harbor. Leta 2004 je njen dom postal v Beverly Hillsu. '''TELEVIZIJA''' Lindsay Lohan je začela svojo kariero pri treh letih kot manekenka za Ford Akademijo in posnela več kot 60 televizijskih reklam. Vendar Lindsay se je bolje odrezala kot igralka in ne kot otroška manekenka. Nastopila jev operah kot so The Guiding Light in As The World Turns in več mesecev preživela kot Alison ''Alli'' Flower v nanizanki Another World. Predstavila se je tudi v nanizanki Healthy Kids z Dino Lohan, njena mama in poslovna managerka. Kot najstnica je imela glavno vlogo v dveh Disney Channel originalnih filmih, Life-Size in Get a Clue. Igrala je tudi hčerko Bette Midler v prvi epizodi serije Bette. 8. novembra 2004 je Lohan nastopila v humoristični nanizanki Oh, ta sedemdeseta v epizodi Mamin mali pomočnik. Lindsay je igrala ''Danielle'' z Ashtonom Kutcherjem (''Kelso'') in njenim bivšim fantom Wilmerjem Valderrama (''Fez''). Lindsay Lohan je tudi nastopila dvakrat v oddaji Saturday Night Life. '''FILMI''' Lindsayina prva filmska vloga je bila v filmu Past za starše (The Parent trap,1998), ko je igrala dvojčici Hallie Parker in Annie James. Njuna starša sta odigrala Natasha Richardson in Dennis Quaid. Njena naslednja filmska vloga je bila v družinskem filmu Odštekani petek (Freaky Friday, 2003). Glavni vlogi sta pripadali Lindsay Lohan ( Anna Colman) in Jamie Lee Curtis, ki je igrala Annino mamo in hčerko, ko sta si v neki kitajski restavraciji po nesreči zamenjali telesa. Film je požel veliko uspeha. Naslednji film, Zlobna dekleta (Mean Girls, 2004) pripoveduje o tem kako se Cady Heron iz Afrike preseli v Ameriko in se sooči s svetom treh zlobnih deklet: Regino George (Reachel McAdams), Gretchen Winners (Lacey Chabert) in Karen Smith (Amanda Seyfried). Istega leta je Lindsay dobila glavno vlogo Mary Elizabeth Cep ''Lola Step'' v filmu Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen. Lola želi postati igralka, veliko dogodivščin pa doživi tudi na koncertu in zabavi svoje najljubše glasbene skupine. Vfilmu igrajo tudi Alison Pill (Ella Gerrard), Megan Fox (Carla Santini), Adam Garcia (Stu Wolf), Eli Marienthal (Sam), Glenne Headly (Karen, Lolina mama) in Carol Kane (gospodična Boggoli). Najnovejši film, v katerem lahko gledamo Lindsay Lohan je Herbie: s polnim gasom (Herbie: fully loaded, 2005). Film je peta različica Herbija od Walt Disney Pictues (Prva je bila leta 1980: Herbie goes bananas). Lindsay je v filmu igrala še z Justinom Longom, Michaelom Ketonom, Mattom Dillonom in Breckin Meyer. Meggie (Lohan) sanja o tem da bi vozila dirkalni avto na dirkah. Sanje se ji uresničijo, ko spozna Herbija in skupaj gresta novim zmagam na proti. Za leto 2006 je Lindsay Lohan za nas pripravila še dva filma: Just my luck in The last broadcast. '''GLASBA''' Leta 2003 je Lindsay posnela CD s pesmimi iz filma Odštekani petek z vodilno pesmijo ''Ultimate''. Leto kasneje, 2004, je izšel CD s pesmimi iz filma Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen s hitom ''That girl''. 7. decembra 2004 je Lindsay izdala svoj prvi album Speak, na katerem je njen prvi single ''Rumors'', kateri videospot je bil nominiran za ''naj pop video'' na MTV Video Music Awards 2005. Na CD-ju sta tudi hita ''Over'' in ''First'' (''First'' je tudi pesem iz filma Herbie: s polnim gasom). Septembra 2005 se je Lindsay vrnila v studio in že pripravlja nov album A little more personal, ki bo v ZDA izšel 22. novembra 2005. Na CD-ju bo tudi hit ''Confessions of a broken heart (daughter to father')'', ki ga lahko že slišimo tudi na slovenskih radio postajah. Za to pesem je tudi že posnela videospot. Lindsay pripravlja tudi pesem s pevko Alsou. '''POD ŽAROMETI''' Ljudje so kmalu ugotovili, da je nekaj med Lindsay Lohan in Hilary Duff (obe imata filmsko in glasbeno kariero in obe sta hodili s pevcem Aaronom Carterjem), ko je ena od njih začela prepir in sta druga drugi govorili, da se nočeta poznati. Spomladi 2004 se je Lindsay preselila skupaj z igralcem Wilmerjem Valderrama, a sta naslednjega novembra že šla narazen, skregala se nista, saj je Lindsay priznala, da je bila preveč nezaupljiva in ljubosumna, saj so se okoli njega vedno smukale oboževalke, zato je razmerje raje končala. 2005, je Lohanova dramatično izgubila težo zaradi kajenja. Kmalu naj bi bila naveličana svoje suhljate postave in si želi, da bi imela tak dekolte kot nekoč. Julija 2005 so naredili punčko v podobi Lindsay Lohan. '''ZASEBNO ŽIVLJENJE''' Originalni priimek Lindsayine družine je LOWHAN, ampak po letu 2005, sta igralka in njena mama priimek LOHAN spremenili na LOWEN, ker se vračata k svojim evropskim koreninam. Kmalu za tem, ko se je Lindsay slikala za vozniško dovoljenje, so jo vprašali kakšno je njeno drugo ime, je odgovorila da Dee, ampak ga kmalu spremenila na Morgan. Lindsay je najstarejši otrok Michaela in Dine Lohan. Ima še tri eno mlajšo sestro Aliano (''Ali'') in dva mlajša brata Michaela in Dakota (''Cody''). Aliana je otroška manekenka in igralka. Mama Dina je zvezda radia City v New Yorku, oče Michael pa je bil dolgo časa borzni posrednik na Wall Streetu. Kasneje, ko je z dobrim poslovanjem obogatel, se je posvetil filmski industriji. Category:Multilingualism 1694 4822 2006-01-12T06:49:29Z 213.112.68.116 [[Link title]] SRI LANKAN WOMEN AND MEN AS BIORESOURCE MANAGERS ... usually completed before the beginning of the Sinhala New Year falling on 13–14th April. ... and for dyeing clothes ‘Rata Kaha’ (Bixa orelana) was used. ... www.fao.org/docrep/005/ac791e/AC791E06.htm - 19k - Cachad - Liknande sidor If you compare the above to what I get when I search for Bixa orelana in WIkipedia is a bit different. I am confused which is which or just an added l to the name makes it entirely a different plant. There are a clear picture of Bixa Orelana in picture gallery 40 at the following site: http://www.asoka.de/photogal35/index.html There it says rambutan which is an entirely another family and a big tree whereas Bixa Orelana is a bush. I hope you would make it clear in the Wikipedia site. At http://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sinhala_Font_Guide there are two or three broken links. One is SinhalaSP keyboard driver. I could not find an e-mail to let you know these things. Sorry I did wrong. britwe@spray.se User:Interwiki de 1695 4823 2006-01-17T20:12:11Z Interwiki de 51 [[Special:Contributions/Interwiki_de|My contributions]] User:Koavf 1696 4829 2006-01-24T16:21:54Z Koavf 53 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Koavf !!!!!] [[en:User:koavf]] User:Mayooresan 1697 4831 2006-02-02T02:27:19Z Mayooresan 56 Hi, My name is mayooresan and I'm doing MIT in kelaniya university. I'm not fluent in Sinhala but I just wanna do somethink to this sinhala wikipedia. I'm already a contributor to both Tamil and English Wikipedia. Thanks J.Mayooresan [http://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/user:ஜெ.மயூரேசன் Tamil wikipedia user page] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/user:mayooresan English Wikipedia User page] 4832 2006-02-02T02:27:59Z Mayooresan 56 Hi, My name is mayooresan and I'm doing MIT in kelaniya university. I'm not fluent in Sinhala but I just wanna do somethink to this sinhala wikipedia. I'm already a contributor to both Tamil and English Wikipedia. Thanks J.Mayooresan [http://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/user:ஜெ.மயூரேசன் Tamil wikipedia user page] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/user:mayooresan English Wikipedia User page] 4964 2006-03-24T08:30:36Z Mayooresan 56 Hi, My name is mayooresan and I'm doing MIT in kelaniya university. I'm not fluent in Sinhala but I just wanna do somethink to this sinhala wikipedia. I'm already a contributor to both Tamil and English Wikipedia. Thanks J.Mayooresan ==External Links== *[http://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/user:ஜெ.மயூரேசன் Tamil wikipedia user page] *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/user:mayooresan English Wikipedia User page] ==Edit counter== *[http://tools.wikimedia.de/~interiot/cgi-bin/count_edits?user=mayooresan&dbname=siwiki_p My edit count] 4965 2006-03-24T08:31:39Z Mayooresan 56 /* External Links */ Hi, My name is mayooresan and I'm doing MIT in kelaniya university. I'm not fluent in Sinhala but I just wanna do somethink to this sinhala wikipedia. I'm already a contributor to both Tamil and English Wikipedia. Thanks J.Mayooresan ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== *[http://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/user:ஜெ.மயூரேசன் Tamil wikipedia user page] *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/user:mayooresan English Wikipedia User page] ==Edit counter== *[http://tools.wikimedia.de/~interiot/cgi-bin/count_edits?user=mayooresan&dbname=siwiki_p My edit count] Nina 1699 4841 2006-02-07T15:32:25Z 86.61.13.252 Nina Vland lolol Talk:Nina 1700 4845 2006-02-11T16:54:54Z 203.94.80.169 nina keep in touch User:Chathurank 1701 4848 2006-02-11T17:28:50Z Chathurank 58 About Me Name : Chathura Nirmal Kudahetti 4849 2006-02-11T17:31:05Z Chathurank 58 == About Me == ---- Name : Chathura Nirmal Kudahetti ---- User:කෙසර 1702 4861 2006-02-17T04:29:38Z කෙසර 60 මගෙ‌්‍ නම කෙසර නානායක්කාර රත්නායක. මා පිළිබඳ වැඩි විස්තර දැනගැනීමට සඳහා... [http://kesara.f2g.net/ මාගෙ‌් පෞද්ගලික වෙබ් අඩවිය] (ඉංග්‍රීසි භාශාවෙන්) User talk:Bokorm 1703 4869 2006-02-23T14:12:08Z Bokorm 61 problem with Sinhalese in Windows etc == problem with Sinhalese in Windows etc == Please, Can you help me? I am trying to change my computer, so that it will be possible to read and to write in Sinhalese, and to send files with Sinhalese text to others, without the text being changed on the way to them. I have followed the instructions on homepage Wikipedia:Sinhala Font Guide. 1. I use Internet Explorer 6.0 service pack 2, so I have downloaded and installed Sinhala Pack, and made the instructred changes. The font Malithi Web is installed on my computer. 2. I use Windows XP Home edition with service pack 2, and it is using Swedish as language on menus etc. Then I downloaded, extracted and tried to install SinhalaXP0.4.zip BUT when I double clicked Setup.exe, and pressed the button "Install", then I got the following blocking message: "Setup cannot update your Windows XP files, because the language installed on your system is different from the update language." What does this mean? Can I make some changes, so that the installation becomes possible? Because I want to be able to write English, Swedish and Sinhalese on the same computer, so that an friend of mine can communicate with people on Sri Lanka, and write translations into Sinhala on her computer here in Sweden. Wishing for help Looking forward to hear from you Yours sincerely lars, Sweden තොරතුරු තාක්‍ෂණය 1704 4872 2006-02-25T07:52:13Z 222.165.181.82 තොරතුරැ තාක‍ෂණය නැතහොත් තොරතුරැ හා සන්නිවේදන තා‍ක්ෂණය ඉතා පුලුල් විශය ක‍ෂේත්‍රයකි. එහි ප්‍රධාන අරමුණු වන්නේ විශේෂයෙන් ම ආයතන තුල තොරතුරැ කළමණාකරණය කිරීම හා තොරතුරැ සකස්කිරීමේ. 4873 2006-02-25T07:52:51Z 222.165.181.82 තොරතුරැ තාක‍ෂණය නැතහොත් තොරතුරැ හා සන්නිවේදන තා‍ක්ෂණය ඉතා පුලුල් විශය ක‍ෂේත්‍රයකි. එහි ප්‍රධාන අරමුණු වන්නේ විශේෂයෙන් ම ආයතන තුල තොරතුරැ කළමණාකරණය කිරීම හා තොරතුරැ සකස්කිරීමයි. 4951 2006-03-24T07:48:54Z Dasun 70 තොරතුරු තාක‍ෂණය නැතහොත් තොරතුරු හා සන්නිවේදන තා‍ක්ෂණය ඉතා පුලුල් විශය ක‍ෂේත්‍රයකි. එහි ප්‍රධාන අරමුණු වන්නේ විශේෂයෙන් ම ආයතන තුල තොරතුරු කළමණාකරණය කිරීම හා තොරතුරු සකස්කිරීමයි. 5059 2006-04-12T23:27:50Z Amila 77 [[ෙතාරතුරු තාක්ෂනය]] moved to [[තොරතුරු තාක්‍ෂනය]]: Incorrect encoding තොරතුරු තාක‍ෂණය නැතහොත් තොරතුරු හා සන්නිවේදන තා‍ක්ෂණය ඉතා පුලුල් විශය ක‍ෂේත්‍රයකි. එහි ප්‍රධාන අරමුණු වන්නේ විශේෂයෙන් ම ආයතන තුල තොරතුරු කළමණාකරණය කිරීම හා තොරතුරු සකස්කිරීමයි. 5061 2006-04-12T23:28:52Z Amila 77 [[තොරතුරු තාක්‍ෂනය]] moved to [[තොරතුරු තාක්‍ෂණය]]: grammar correction තොරතුරු තාක‍ෂණය නැතහොත් තොරතුරු හා සන්නිවේදන තා‍ක්ෂණය ඉතා පුලුල් විශය ක‍ෂේත්‍රයකි. එහි ප්‍රධාන අරමුණු වන්නේ විශේෂයෙන් ම ආයතන තුල තොරතුරු කළමණාකරණය කිරීම හා තොරතුරු සකස්කිරීමයි. 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MediaWiki:Youhavenewmessagesmulti 1731 sysop 4926 2006-02-26T02:05:32Z MediaWiki default You have new messages on $1 Hungary 1732 4928 2006-02-28T03:30:22Z 157.181.97.10 from enWiki (You're crazy with these anti-spam function, hahaha) {{Infobox_Country| |native_name = Magyar Köztársaság |common_name = Hungary |image_flag = Flag of Hungary.svg |image_coat = Hungary COA.jpg |image_map = LocationHungary.png |national_motto = None |national_anthem = [[Himnusz|Himnusz (Isten, áldd meg a magyart)]] by [[Ferenc Kölcsey]] |official_languages = [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] (''Magyar'') |capital = [[Budapest]] |latd=47 |latm=26 |latNS=N |longd=19 |longm=15 |longEW=E | |largest_city = [[Budapest]] |government_type = Democratic [[republic]] |leader_titles = [[President of Hungary|President]] [[Prime minister of Hungary|Prime minister]] |leader_names = [[László Sólyom]] [[Ferenc Gyurcsány]] |area_rank = 108th |area_magnitude = 1 E10 |area = 93,030 |percent_water = 0.74% |population_estimate = 10,082,000 |population_estimate_year = October 2005 |population_estimate_rank = 80th |population_census = 10,198,315 |population_census_year = 2001 |population_density = 108 |population_density_rank = 69th |GDP_PPP_year = 2005 |GDP_PPP = $162,289 million |GDP_PPP_rank = 49th |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $16,627 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 43rd |sovereignty_type = Foundation |established_events = Foundation: Independence: |established_dates = December, [[1000]] November 16, [[1918]] |HDI_year = 2003 |HDI = 0.862 |HDI_rank = 35th |HDI_category = high |currency = [[Hungarian forint|Forint]] |currency_code = HUF |country_code = hu |time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset = +1 |time_zone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST = +2 |cctld = [[.hu]] |calling_code = 36 |footnotes = }} The '''Republic of Hungary''' (''Magyar Köztársaság'' {{audio|hu-Magyar Köztársaság.ogg|listen}}), or '''Hungary''' (''Magyarország'' {{audio|hu-Magyarország.ogg|listen}}), is a [[landlocked]] country in [[Central Europe]], bordered by [[Austria]], [[Slovakia]], [[Ukraine]], [[Romania]], [[Serbia and Montenegro]], [[Croatia]] and [[Slovenia]]. It is known locally as the ''Country of the [[Magyars]]''. == History == ''Main article: [[History of Hungary]]'' In the time of the [[Roman Empire]], the Romans called the region [[Pannonia]] (west from the [[Danube river]]). After Rome fell under the [[Germanic tribes]] migration and [[Carpia|Carpians']] pressure, the [[Migration Period]] continued bringing many invaders. First came the [[Huns]], who built up a powerful empire under [[Attila the Hun|Attila]]. The name "Hungary" may be influenced by the name of the Hun people, although it probably comes from the name of a later, 7th century [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]] alliance called [[Onogur]]. After the Hunnish rule faded, the other Germanic tribes [[Lombards]] and [[Gepids]] ruled in Pannonia for about 100 years, during which the [[Slavic tribes]] also began migrating south. In the [[560s]], these were supplanted by the [[Eurasian Avars|Avars]] who would maintain their supremacy of the land for over two centuries. The [[Franks]] under [[Charlemagne]] from the west and the [[Bulgars]] from the southeast finally managed to overthrow the Avars in the early 9th century. Soon after, the Franks retreated, and the Slavonic kingdom of [[Great Moravia]] and the [[Balaton Principality]] controlled much of Pannonia until the end of the century. Finally, the [[Magyars]] migrated to Hungary in the late 9th century. Tradition holds that the Country of the Magyars (Hungary) was founded by [[Árpád]], who led the [[Magyars]] into the [[Pannonian plain]]s after [[895]]. The [[Kingdom of Hungary]] was established in [[1000]] by [[Stephen_I_of_Hungary|King St. Stephen I]]. Initially the history of Hungary was developed in a triangle with that of [[Poland]] and [[Bohemia]], with the many liaisons with Popes and Emperors of the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. Between [[1241]]–[[1242]], Hungary was partially devastated and suffered great loss of life at the hands of [[Mongol]] ([[Tatar]]) armies of [[Batu Khan]]. Gradually Hungary under the rule of the dynasty of the [[Árpáds]] turned into an independent kingdom which formed a distinct Central European culture with ties to greater West European [[civilisation]]. Ruled by the [[Angevins]] since [[1308]], the Kingdom of Hungary briefly extended its control over [[Wallachia]] and [[Moldavia]]. The non-dynastic king [[Matthias Corvinus of Hungary|Matthias Corvinus]], son of [[John Hunyadi]], ruled the Kingdom of Hungary from 1458 to 1490. He strengthened Hungary and its government. Under his rule, Hungary (notably the northern parts, some of which are in [[Slovakia]] today) became an important artistic and cultural centre of Europe during the [[Renaissance]]. Hungarian culture influenced others, for example the [[Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth]]. Hungarian independence ended with the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] conquest at the beginning of the [[16th century]]; the parts of Hungary that were not conquered by the Ottomans were annexed by [[Austria]] (the rulers of which were Hungarian kings at the same time) in the West, and became the independent Principality of [[Transylvania]] in the East. After 150 years, [[Austria]] and its Christian allies retook also the territory of today's Hungary by the end of the [[17th century]] from the Islamic Ottoman Empire. After the final retreat of the [[Turkey|Turks]], struggle began between the Hungarian nation and the [[Habsburg]] kings for the protection of noblemen's rights (thus guarding the autonomy of Hungary). The fight against Austrian absolutism resulted in the unsuccessful popular freedom fight led by a Transylvanian nobleman, [[Ferenc II Rákóczi]], between 1704 and 1711. The revolution and war of 1848–1849 eliminated [[serfdom]] and secured civil rights. The Austrians were finally able to prevail only with Russian help. Thanks to the victories against Austria by the French-Italian coalition (the [[Battle of Solferino]], [[1859]]) and Prussia ([[Battle of Königgratz]], [[1866]]), Hungary would eventually, in [[1867]], manage to become an autonomous part of the [[Austro-Hungarian Empire]] (see [[Ausgleich]]). Having achieved this, the Hungarian government took an effort to nationally unify the kingdom by [[Magyarisation]] of the various other nationalities. This lasted until the end of [[World War I]], when the Austro-Hungarian empire collapsed. On [[November 16]], [[1918]], an independent Hungarian Republic was proclaimed. In March [[1919]] the communists took power, and in April, [[Béla Kun]] proclaimed the [[Hungarian Soviet Republic]]. This government, like its predecessor, proved to be short lived; after some initial military successes against the Czechoslovak army, the [[Romania]]ns attacked to prevent a campaign in [[Transylvania]]. By August more than half of present-day Hungary, including Budapest, was placed under Romanian occupation, which lasted until November. Rightist military forces, led by the former Austro-Hungarian Admiral [[Miklós Horthy]], entered Budapest in the wake of the Romanian army's departure and filled the vacuum of state power. In January [[1920]], elections were held for a unicameral assembly, and Admiral Horthy was subsequently elected Regent, thereby formally restoring Hungary to a kingdom, although there were no more Kings of Hungary, despite attempts by the former Habsburg king to return to power. Horthy continued to rule with autocratic powers until [[1944]]. In June 1920, the [[Treaty of Trianon]] was signed, fixing Hungary's borders. Compared with the pre-war Kingdom, Hungary lost 71% of it's territory,66% of it's population, and with the new borders about one-third of the Magyar population became minorities in the neighbouring countries. Therefore, Hungarian politics and culture of the interwar period were saturated with [[irredentism]] and [[revisionism]] (the restoration of 19th century "[[greater Hungary]]" by whatever means necessary). Horthy made an alliance with [[Nazi Germany]] in the [[1930s]], in the hope of revising the territorial losses that had followed World War I. The alliance did lead to some territories being returned to Hungary in the two [[Vienna Awards]]. Hungary then assisted the German occupation of the [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]], occupying the [[Banat]] right afterwards, and finally entered [[World War II]] in 1941, fighting primarily against the Soviet Union. In October 1944, [[Hitler]] replaced Horthy with the Hungarian Nazi collaborator [[Ferenc Szálasi]] and his [[Arrow Cross Party]] in order to avert Hungary's defection to the Allied side, which were constantly threatened since the Allied invasion of Italy. Hungary passed a series of [[History_of_the_Jews_in_Hungary#20th_Century:_Persecution_and_destruction|anti-Semitic laws]] throughout the 1920s and thirties, and some massacres of Jews by Hungarian forces took place in the early part of the Second World War, but Hungary initially resisted large scale deportation of its Jewish population. Ultimately, however, during the German occupation, the [[Arrow Cross Party]] and government authorities participated fully in the [[Holocaust]]: in May and June of 1944, Hungarian police deported nearly 440,000 Jews in more than 145 trains, mostly to [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]] [http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/index.php?ModuleId=10005458]. Ultimately, over 533,000 Jews in Hungary were killed during the [[Holocaust]], as well as several tens of thousands of [[Roma people|Roma]]. Following the fall of Nazi Germany, Hungary became part of the Soviet area of influence and was appropriated into a [[communist state]] following a short period of democracy in 1946–1947. After 1948 Communist leader Mátyás Rákosi established a Stalinist rule in the country, which was hardly bearable for the war-torn country. This led to the [[1956 Hungarian Revolution]] and an announced withdrawal from the [[Warsaw Pact]] which were met with a massive military intervention by the [[Soviet Union]]. From the 1960s on to the late 1980s Hungary was sometimes satirically called the "[[the happiest barrack]]" within the [[Eastern bloc]], under the rule of late controversial communist leader [[János Kádár]], who exercised autocratic rule during this period. In the late [[1980s]], Hungary led the movement to dissolve the Warsaw Pact and shifted toward multiparty democracy and a market-oriented economy. Following the collapse of the Soviet Union in [[1991]], Hungary developed closer ties with Western Europe, joined [[NATO]] in [[1999]] and the [[European Union]] on [[May 1]], [[2004]]. ''See Also: [[Kingdom of Hungary]], [[Hungary before the Magyars]]'' == Politics == ''Main article: [[Politics of Hungary]]'' [[Image:HungaryBudapestChess.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Outdoor chess in Budapest, November 1990]] The [[President of Hungary|President of the Republic]], elected by the [[parliament]] every 5 years, has a largely ceremonial role, but powers also include appointing the [[Prime Minister of Hungary|prime minister]]. The prime minister selects [[cabinet (government)|cabinet]] ministers and has the exclusive right to dismiss them. Each cabinet nominee appears before one or more parliamentary committees in consultative open hearings and must be formally approved by the president. The [[unicameral]], 386-member [[National Assembly of Hungary|National Assembly]] (the ''Országgyűlés'') is the highest organ of state authority and initiates and approves legislation sponsored by the prime minister. National parliamentary elections are held every 4 years (the next will be held on April 9th 2006). An 11-member Constitutional Court has power to challenge legislation on grounds of unconstitutionality. == Administrative divisions == ''Main article: [[Counties of Hungary]]'' Hungary is subdivided administratively into 19 counties, in addition to which there is one [[Capitals of Hungary|capital city]] (''főváros''): [[Budapest]]. There are also 23 so-called urban counties (singular ''megyei jogú város''), These are: <table border="0"><tr><th>Urban counties</th><th>Counties (County Capital)</th></tr> <tr><td> * [[Békéscsaba]] * [[Debrecen]] * [[Dunaújváros]] * [[Eger]] * [[Érd]] * [[Győr]] * [[Hódmezővásárhely]] * [[Kaposvár]] * [[Kecskemét]] * [[Miskolc]] * [[Nagykanizsa]] * [[Nyíregyháza]] * [[Pécs]] * [[Salgótarján]] * [[Sopron]] * [[Szeged]] * [[Székesfehérvár]] * [[Szekszárd]] * [[Szolnok]] * [[Szombathely]] * [[Tatabánya]] * [[Veszprém]] * [[Zalaegerszeg]] </td><td valign="top"> * [[Bács-Kiskun]] ([[Kecskemét]]) * [[Baranya]] ([[Pécs]]) * [[Békés (county)|Békés]] ([[Békéscsaba]]) * [[Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén]] ([[Miskolc]]) * [[Csongrád (county)|Csongrád]] ([[Szeged]]) * [[Fejér]] ([[Székesfehérvár]]) * [[Győr-Moson-Sopron]] ([[Győr]]) * [[Hajdú-Bihar]] ([[Debrecen]]) * [[Heves (county)|Heves]] ([[Eger]]) * [[Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok]] ([[Szolnok]]) * [[Komárom-Esztergom]] ([[Tatabánya]]) * [[Nógrád (county)|Nógrád]] ([[Salgótarján]]) * [[Pest (county)|Pest]] ([[Budapest]]) * [[Somogy]] ([[Kaposvár]]) * [[Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg]] ([[Nyíregyháza]]) * [[Tolna (county)|Tolna]] ([[Szekszárd]]) * [[Vas]] ([[Szombathely]]) * [[Veszprém (county)|Veszprém]] ([[Veszprém]]) * [[Zala]] ([[Zalaegerszeg]]) </td></tr></table> See also: [[Administrative divisions of the Kingdom of Hungary|List of historic counties of Hungary]] == Geography == [[Image:Hu-map.png|thumb|Map of Hungary]] ''Main article: [[Geography of Hungary]]'' Hungary's landscape consists mostly of the flat to rolling plains of the [[Carpathian Basin]], with hills and lower mountains to the north along the [[Slovakia]]n border (highest point: the [[Kékes]] at 1,014 m). Hungary is divided in two by its main waterway, the [[Danube]] (''Duna''); other large rivers include the [[Tisza]] and [[Dráva]], while the western half contains [[Lake Balaton]], a major body of water. The largest thermal lake in the world, [[Lake Hévíz]] ([[Hévíz Spa]]), is located in Hungary. The second largest lake in the [[Carpathian Basin]] (and probably the largest artificial lake in Europe) is [[Lake Theiss]] (''Tisza-tó''). == Climate == Hungary has a [[continental climate]], with cold, cloudy, humid winters and warm to hot summers. Average annual temperature is 9.7 °C (49.5 °F). Temperature extremes are about 38 °C (100 °F) in the summer and −29 °C (−20 °F) in the winter. Average temperature in the summer is 27 to 32 °C (81 to 90 °F), and in the winter it is 0 to −15 °C (32 to 5 °F). The average yearly rainfall is approximately 600 mm (24 in). A small, southern region of the country near [[Pécs]] enjoys a [[Mediterranean climate]]. The relative isolation of the Carpathian Basin makes it susceptible to [[drought]]s and the effects of [[global warming]] are already felt. According to popular opinion, and many scientists in the latest decades the country became drier, as droughts are quite common; and summers became hotter, winters became milder. Because of these reasons snow has become much more rare in the area than before. Popular opinion also states that the four-season system became a two-season system as [[spring (season)|spring]] and [[autumn]] are getting shorter and shorter, even vanishing some years. Most of Hungary is covered by thick forests and mountainous plains. == Economy == ''Main article: [[Economy of Hungary]]'' Hungary continues to demonstrate strong economic growth as one of the newest members of the [[European Union]] (since 2004). Together with Slovenia and the Czech Republic, Hungary provides one of the highest standard of living among Eastern European countries. The private sector accounts for over 80% of [[Gross Domestic Product|GDP]]. Hungary gets nearly one third of all foreign direct investment flowing in to Central Europe. Foreign ownership of and investment in Hungarian firms are widespread, with cumulative foreign direct investment totalling more than US$23 billion since [[1989]]. Hungarian sovereign debt was upgraded in [[2000]] to the second-highest rating among all the Central European transition economies. [[Inflation]] and [[unemployment]] – both priority concerns in [[2001]] – have declined substantially. Economic reform measures such as health care reform, tax reform, and local government financing have not yet been addressed by the present government. The Hungarian government has expressed a desire to adopt the [[euro]] currency in 2010, but the introduction of the currency is currently only in the early planning stages. == Demographics == ====Historical==== * [[Circa]] [[900]] [[Anno Domini|AD]]- according to various sources 250,000 - 400,000 [[Magyars]] settled in the Pannonian plain, inhabited predominantly by Slavs * [[1222]] - 2,000,000 at the time of [[Golden Bull]] * [[1242]] - 1,200,000 after the Mongol-Tatars invasion * [[1370]] - 2,500,000 at the time of [[Angevin]] kings * [[1490]] - 4,000,000 before the Ottoman conquest (3.2 million Magyars) * [[1699]] - 3,300,000 at the time of [[Treaty of Karlowitz]] (less than 2 million Magyars) * [[1711]] - 3,000,000 at the end of [[Kuruc]] War (1.6 million Magyars) * [[1790]] - 8,000,000 (39% Magyars) * [[1828]] - 11,495,536 * [[1846]] - 12,033,399 * [[1880]] - 13,749,603 (46% Magyars) * [[1900]] - 16,838,255 (51,4% Magyars) * [[1910]] - 18,264,533 (54,5% Magyars, 5% [[History of the Jews in Hungary|Jews]]) * [[1920]] - 7.516.000 after the [[Treaty of Trianon]] (90% Magyars, 6.1% Jews) ====Present==== ''Main article: [[Demographics of Hungary]]'' For some 95% of the population, mostly [[Hungarians]], the mother tongue is [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]], a [[Finno-Ugric]] language unrelated to any neighbouring language. Several ethnic minorities exist: [[Roma (people)|Roma]] (2%), [[ethnic German|German]]s (1.2%), [[Romanians]] (0.8%), [[Slovaks]] (0.4%), [[Croats]] (0.2%), [[Serbs]] (0.2%) and [[Ukrainians]] (0.1%). The largest religion in Hungary is [[Catholicism]] – Roman and Greek – (approx 50% of the population), with a [[Calvinist]] minority (around 30%) and [[Lutheran]]s (5%). Jews are now approximately 1% of the population. However, these formal figures are not wholly representative, since the Hungarian population is not particularly religious; no more than 25% actively practice their faith. Furthermore, the active suppression of religion by the Communist regimes over 50 years has left religion mostly to older people who no longer were risking advancement opportunities. Due to historical reasons, significant [[Magyars|Hungarian]] minority populations can be found in the surrounding countries, notably in [[Ukraine]] (in [[Carpathian Ruthenia|Transcarpathia]]), [[Slovakia]], [[Romania]] (in [[Transylvania]]), and [[Serbia]] (in [[Vojvodina]]). [[Austria]] (in [[Burgenland]]), [[Croatia]], and [[Slovenia]] are also host to a number of ethnic Magyars. ====The Roma Minority==== The [[Roma people|Roma]] suffer particular problems in Hungary. Currently slightly more than 70 % of Roma children complete primary schooling, but only one third continue studies into the intermediate (secondary) level. This is far lower than the more than 90 % proportion of children of non-Roma families who continue studies at an intermediate level. The situation is made still worse by the fact that a large proportion of young Roma are qualified in subjects that provide them with only limited chances for employment. Less than 1 % of Roma hold higher educational certificates. == Culture == ''Main article: [[Culture of Hungary]]'' [[Hungarian culture]] is diverse and varied. [[Image:Franz Liszt photo.jpg|thumb|right|150px|[[Franz Liszt]], prominent Hungarian composer]] The [[music of Hungary]] consists mainly of traditional Hungarian [[folk music]] and music by prominent [[Romantic music|Romantic]] and [[Baroque music|Baroque]] composers such as [[Franz Liszt]], [[Béla Bartók]] and [[Zoltán Kodály]] (although the latter mainly composed music with traditional elements). Hungarian traditional music tends to have a strong [[Dactyl (poetry)|dactylic]] [[rhythm]], just as the language is invariably stressed on the first syllable of each word. [[Hungarian cuisine]] is also a prominent feature of Hungarian culture, with traditional dishes such as [[goulash]] a main feature of the Hungarian [[diet (nutrition)|diet]]. Dishes are often flavoured with [[paprika]] (also Hungarian for [[bell pepper|pepper]]). [[Stew|Stews]] are often to be found with typical elements such as [[pork]] or [[beef]], as the stew ''pörkölt'' shows. Hungary is famous for its mathematics institute which has trained many Nobel Prize winners. Famous Hungarian mathematicians [[Paul Erdös]] who is famous for publishing in over forty languages and whose [[Erdös number]]s are still tracked, [[John von Neumann]] one of the pioneers in digital computing, [[Eugene Wigner]], and many others. Erdös, von Neumann, and Wigner, like other Hungarian Jewish scientists, fled rising anti-Semitism in Centra; Europe, and they made their most famous contibutions in the United States. Hungarians are very proud of their inventions. These include the noiseless [[match]], the [[Rubik's cube]] and [[Non-Euclidean geometry]]. A number of other important inventions, including the [[holography]], the [[ballpoint pen]], the theory of the [[hydrogen bomb]], and the [[BASIC programming language|BASIC]] [[programming language]] were invented by Hungarians who fled the country prior to World War II. The literature of Hungary is very extensive, albeit not well known abroad due to the limited knowledge of the language. [[János Arany]] was a famous Hungarian poet who wrote a large amount of well-known poetry. [[Sándor Márai]] and [[Imre Kertész]] have gained acclaim in recent times: the latter has won the [[Nobel Prize]] for literature. Hungarians are also known for their prowess at [[Water sport (recreation)|water sports]], mainly [[swimming]], [[water polo]] and canoeing; this can be said to be surprising at first, due to Hungary being [[landlocked]]. On the other hand, the presence of two major rivers ([[Danube|Duna]]/[[Tisza]]) and a major lake ([[Balaton]]) gives excellent opportunities to practice those sports. === See also === *[[Constitution of Hungary|The Constitution of Hungary]] *[[List of Hungarians]] *[[List of Hungarian rulers]] *[[List of Hungarian writers]] *[[List of universities in Hungary]] *[[List of colleges in Hungary]] *[[Public holidays in Hungary]] *[[Music of Hungary]] *[[Hungarian cuisine]] *[[List of personal naming conventions#Name order|Eastern name order used in Hungarian personal names]] *[[List of most popular family names#Hungary|Common Hungarian surnames]] *[[Hungarian jokes]] *[[Magyar Cserkészszövetség]] (Hungarian Scout Association) *[[Curse of Turan]] *[[Hungarian animals]] == Miscellaneous topics == {{portal}} *[[Communications in Hungary]] *[[Foreign relations of Hungary]] *[http://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Hungarian Wikipedia] *[[List of cities in Hungary]] *[[Military of Hungary]] *[[Name days in Hungary]] *[[Transportation in Hungary]] *[[History of the Jews in Hungary]] == External links == ===General info=== {{sisterlinks|Hungary}} *[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07547a.htm A detailed article on Hungary from a Christian point of view] (Catholic Encyclopedia) *[http://www.europa.eu.int/comm/enlargement/hungary/ Country Profile Hungary] – tons of material and links *[http://hungary.lap.hu/ Link collection for foreign visitors and residents of Hungary] *[http://www.parlament.hu/parl_en.htm Official site of the National Assembly] *[http://www.magyarorszag.hu/angol/ Hungarian Government Portal] with comprehensive information *[http://www.keh.hu/index_en.html Official site of the President of Hungary] *[http://www.meh.hu/english Official site of the Prime Minister of Hungary] * [http://www.earth-photography.com/Countries/Hungary Artistic photos of Hungary] (Budapest, Debrecen, Pécs, Szeged, Visegrád cities) – EarthPhotography.com *{{dmoz|Regional/Europe/Hungary|Hungary}} *[http://www.visitors.hu/index_en.html Hungary for Visitors] – Descriptions of the main regions for tourists *[http://www.demos.hu/Audit Hungary's Strategic Audit 2005] – Comprehensive analyses of Hungary's past 15 years and current state of development (click the [[Union Jack]] to see the English language version) * [http://www.mythinglinks.org/euro~east~finno~Hungary.html A short, but valid summary about Hungary in English] * [http://www.worldwide-tax.com/hungary/indexhungary.asp Hungary economy and business indicators] — Hugary key Data on Taxes and Income Tax * [http://www.panoramas.hu/ Panorama photos of Hungary] ===History=== *[http://www.hungarianhistory.com History of Hungary – The Corvinus Library] *[http://cityguide.budapestrooms.com/hungary/history1.htm History of Hungary – Chronological Survey: 2500 BC – AD 2004] *[http://www.hunmagyar.org/hungary/history/index.html Hungarian History] (Turanian Lands, Turanian Peoples) *[http://www.bh.org.il/V-Exh/hungary/index.html In The Land of Hagar - The Jews of Hungary] – A Virtual Exhibition ===Culture=== *[http://www.hungarianbookfoundation.hu/Html/Translation_grant.htm Hungarian Book Foundation] *[http://www.pafi.hu/kiirok/mfordhaz.htm Funds available for translators of Hungarian works - in Hungarian] *[http://translations.bookfinder.hu/indexa.htm Translation of Hungarian literary works - a database] {{EU countries}} {{NATO}} {{Europe}} {{Visegrád group}} [[Category:European Union member states]] [[Category:Hungary| ]] [[Category:Republics]] [[Category:Landlocked countries]]  [[en:Hungary]] [[af:Hongarye]] [[als:Ungarn]] [[ar:مجر]] [[an:Ongría]] [[ast:Hungría]] [[bg:Унгария]] [[zh-min-nan:Magyar-kok]] [[be:Вугоршчына]] [[bs:Mađarska]] [[br:Hungaria]] [[ca:Hongria]] [[cv:Венгри]] [[cs:Maďarsko]] [[cy:Hwngari]] [[da:Ungarn]] [[de:Ungarn]] [[et:Ungari]] [[el:Ουγγαρία]] [[es:Hungría]] [[eo:Hungario]] [[eu:Hungaria]] [[fa:مجارستان]] [[fo:Ungarn]] [[fr:Hongrie]] [[fy:Hongarije]] [[ga:An Ungáir]] [[gd:An Ungair]] [[gl:Hungría - Magyarország]] [[ko:헝가리]] [[ht:Ongri]] [[hy:Հունգարիա]] [[hr:Mađarska]] [[io:Hungaria]] [[id:Hongaria]] [[ia:Hungaria]] [[is:Ungverjaland]] [[it:Ungheria]] [[he:הונגריה]] [[ka:უნგრეთი]] [[kw:Hungari]] [[ku:Macaristan]] [[la:Hungaria]] [[lv:Ungārija]] [[lt:Vengrija]] [[lb:Ungarn]] [[li:Hongarieë]] [[hu:Magyarország]] [[mk:Унгарија]] [[mr:हंगेरी]] [[ms:Hungary]] [[mo:Унгария]] [[na:Hungary]] [[nl:Hongarije]] [[nds:Ungarn]] [[ja:ハンガリー]] [[no:Ungarn]] [[nn:Ungarn]] [[oc:Ongria]] [[os:Венгри]] [[pl:Węgry]] [[pt:Hungria]] [[ro:Ungaria]] [[ru:Венгрия]] [[se:Ungár]] [[sa:हंगरी]] [[sq:Hungaria]] [[sh:Mađarska]] [[scn:Unghirìa]] [[simple:Hungary]] [[sk:Maďarsko]] [[sl:Madžarska]] [[sr:Мађарска]] [[fi:Unkari]] [[sv:Ungern]] [[tl:Hungary]] [[th:ประเทศฮังการี]] [[tr:Macaristan]] [[udm:Венгрия]] [[uk:Угорщина]] [[yi:אונגארן]] [[zh:匈牙利]] [[fiu-vro:Ungari]] User:Puncsos 1733 4929 2006-02-28T03:35:31Z Puncsos 64 FUCK THESE ANTI-SPAM SHIT! <div style="align: center; text-align: center; padding: 1em; border: solid 2px lightblue; background-color: white;"> '''[http://hu.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=User_vita:Puncsos&action=edit&section=new Add new message]'''</div> <div style="align: center; text-align: center; padding: 1em; border: solid 2px red; background-color: white;"> You can send me a message on hungarian or english language: Wikipedia Hugnary [[:hu:User:Puncsos|my user page(hu)]], [[:hu:User vita:Puncsos|my talk page(hu)]].</div> == About me == * Genre: Male * Race: European * Country: Hungary * Eyes/Hair: blue/brown * Height: 186 cm * I believe in: money, knowledge * I not believe in: God, fortune, miracle, superstition * food: vegetable * drink: Coca-Cola * alcohol: beer, vodka, tequila * I like this: Budapest + Hungary, Germany, Slovenia * I don't like this: USA, UK, France, warm, beach, stupidity * blog: http://puncsos.freeblog.hu * e-mail: puncsos$a$t$easymail$d$o$t$hu * MSN: puncsos$a$t$dana$d$o$t$hu * IRC: irc.elte.hu server, #dana or #scene.hu channels [[image:Ilovebudapest.JPG|center|puncsos]] [[hu:User:Puncsos]] User talk:කෙසර 1734 4932 2006-03-03T04:16:29Z 132.181.7.1 ==Stub request== '''Greetings කෙසර''', could you help me create a stub for [http://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church this article]? - It is based on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church English article]. 3-5 lines would be sufficient enough. ''Please''. Your help would be gratefully appreciated. (I do not know what the correct title should be). Thanks -- [[en:User:Seh72|Seh72]], 3 March 2006 4933 2006-03-09T07:29:08Z 203.118.184.140 India 1735 4936 2006-03-12T18:28:20Z 59.183.18.232 India '''India'' is a country in Asia. [[image:india flag.png|thumb]] බුදු දහම 1736 4937 2006-03-13T17:13:58Z 203.94.92.216 budu dahama 5021 2006-03-30T16:25:17Z Kushan 71 samayanthara 5379 2006-05-14T13:18:13Z 220.247.229.181 . 5495 2006-06-04T07:59:52Z Lee 85 '''බුදුදහම''' යනු ක්‍රි.පූ. පස් වන (5) සියවසේ පමණ වාසය කල බවට සලකන ශාක්‍යමුණි සිද්ධාර්ථ ගෞතම බුදුරජාණන් වහන්සේගේ ඉගැන්වීම් මත පදනම් වූ ධර්මයයි. == ගෞතම බුදුරජාණන් වහන්සේ == [[Image:Lightmatter_buddha3.jpg|thumb|left|A stone image of the Buddha.]] {{main|ගෞතම බුදුරජාණන් වහන්සේ}} According to all Buddhist traditions, the Buddha of the present age, called '''Siddhārtha''' ([[Sanskrit]]) or '''Siddhattha''' ([[Pāli]]) of the '''Gautama''' (Pāli: '''Gotama''') [[gotra]] or clan, was born in the grove of [[Lumbini|Lumbinī]] near the town of '''[[Kapilavastu]]''' (Pāli: '''Kapilavatthu'''), the capital of the kingdom ([[Mahajanapadas|mahājanapada]]) of the [[Shakya|Śākyas]] (Pāli: Sakyas). Lumbinī and the Śākya realm were known to have been in the north, adjacent to the kingdom of [[Kosala|Kośala]] and the republic of the [[Koliya]]s along the [[Ganges]], separated from Koliya by the river {{unicode|Rohiṇī}}. The exact location of Lumbinī is fixed in what is now south central [[Nepal]] by a [[Pillars of Ashoka|pillar]] inscription of King [[Ashoka|Aśoka]] from the 3rd century BCE commemorating the Buddha's birth. Despite weighty evidence for this location, Mr. Chandrabhanu Patel of the Orissa Museum has claimed that the birthplace was actually in [[Orissa]] state, hundreds of miles to the southeast. Siddhārtha's father was [[Suddhodana|Śuddhodana]] (Pāli: Suddhodana), then the chieftain (rājā) of the Śākyas. Traditions state that the Buddha's mother died at his birth or a few days later. The [[legend]] says that the seer Asita predicted shortly after his birth that Siddhārtha would become either a great king or a great holy man; because of this, the king tried to make sure that Siddhārtha never had any cause for dissatisfaction with his life, as such dissatisfaction might lead him to follow a spiritual path. Nevertheless, at the age of 29, he came across what has become known as the [[Four Passing Sights]]: an old crippled man, a sick man, a decaying corpse, and finally a wandering holy man. These four sights led him to the realization that birth, old age, sickness and death come to everyone. He decided to abandon his worldly life, leaving behind his privileges, rank, [[caste]], and his wife and child, to take up the life of a wandering holy man in search of the answer to the problems of birth, old age, pain, sickness, and death. Siddhārtha pursued the path of the [[shramana|{{unicode|śramaṇa}}]] and [[meditation]] with two [[Brahmin]] hermits, and, although he quickly achieved high levels of meditative consciousness ([[dhyana|dhyāna]], Pāli jhāna), he was still not satisfied with the results. Siddhārtha then began his training in the [[ascetic]] life and practicing vigorous techniques of physical and mental austerity. Siddhārtha proved quite adept at these practices, and was able to surpass his teachers. However, he found no answer to his questions. Leaving behind established teachers, he and a small group of close companions set out to take their austerities even further. After six years of ascetism, and nearly starving himself to death without any profit, Siddhārtha began to reconsider his path. He then remembered a moment in childhood in which he had been watching his father start the season's plowing; he had fallen into a naturally concentrated and focused state in which he felt a blissful and refreshing feeling and time seemed to stand still. After discarding [[asceticism]] and concentrating on [[meditation]], Siddhārtha discovered what Buddhists call the [[Middle Way]] – a path of moderation away from the extremes of [[hedonism|self-indulgence]] and [[asceticism|self-mortification]]. To strengthen his body, he accepted a little buttermilk from a passing goatherd. Then, sitting under a [[pipal]] tree, now known as the [[Bodhi tree]], he vowed never to arise until he had found the Truth. At the age of 35, he attained [[Bodhi|Enlightenment]] and became a [[Buddha]]. He preached his first sermon in [[Sarnath]] a place very near [[Varanasi|{{unicode|Vārāṇasī}}]] (Benares) in North India. [[Image:TrilogyDetail.JPG|thumb|251px|The [[Buddha]] venerated by [[Indra]] and [[Brahma (Buddhism)|Brahmā]], [[Kanishka casket|Kaniṣka casket]], dated to [[127|127 CE]], [[British Museum]].]] For the remaining 45 years of his life, Buddha Gautama traveled in the [[Gangetic Plain]] of northeastern India, teaching his doctrine and discipline to all – from nobles to outcaste street sweepers, including adherents of many different schools and teachers. The Buddha founded the two [[sangha|{{unicode|saṅghas}}]] (monastic communities) of monks and of nuns, which continued to expound his teaching after his death. == Doctrines == === Dependent Origination === === The Four Noble Truths === === The Noble Eightfold Path === === Bodhi === == මධ්‍යම ප්‍රතිපදාව == === Refuge in The Three Jewels === === Prajñā (Wisdom) === === සීල === === සමාධි === == Buddhism after the Buddha == === Early Buddhism === === Establishment of Theravāda Buddhism (Southern Tradition) === === Rise of Mahāyāna Buddhism (Northern Tradition) === === Emergence of the Vajrayāna === === Decline of Buddhism in India === == ප්‍රධාන බෙදීම් == === ථේරවාද === === මහායාන === === වජ්‍රයාන === === Intellectualism and Buddhist worldview === == Buddhist texts == == Present state of Buddhism == == කලාව සහ බෞද්ධ සංස්කෘතිය == == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == *[[Basic Points Unifying the Theravada and the Mahayana]] *[[Buddhist terms and concepts]] *[[List of Buddhist topics]] *[[List of Buddhists]] == අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු == *[http://www.dhamma.org International home page of the organizations which offer courses in Vipassana Meditation in the tradition of Sayagyi U Ba Khin as taught by S.N. Goenka ] *[http://www.meditateinlondon.org.uk/about-buddhism.php About Buddhism - the Teachings of Buddha] *[http://www.mkbuddhism.org.uk/ Buddhism Portal for the Milton Keynes area (UK)] *[http://www.e-sangha.com E-Sangha Buddhism Portal] *[http://www.dalailama.com/page.5.htm His Holiness The Dalai Lama teachings on Buddhism] *[http://hongakujodo.tripod.com/hjcl/ Hongaku Jodo, a major American movement of Pure Land Buddhism] *[http://www.accesstoinsight.org/index.html Access to Insight] Readings in Theravada Buddhism. *[http://ashokaedu.net Ashoka the eDharma university] Very high-quality online courses. *[http://www.buddhanet.net BuddhaNet] *[http://www.buddhachat.org/ BuddhaChat.org] - A Buddhist's learning community. *[http://buddhism.about.com/ Buddhism.about.com] *[http://www.ciolek.com/WWWVL-Buddhism.html Buddhist Studies WWW Virtual Library]: the Internet guide. *[http://www.dharmanet.org/ DharmaNet] *[http://www.world-religion.org/buddhism.php Encyclopedia of Religion Buddhism article] *[http://www.buddhaweb.org/ Essentials of Buddhism] *[http://www.dougblane.com/alamy/buddhism Photographic & Tactile exhibition by Doug Blane at The Open University 2006] *[http://www.religionfacts.com/buddhism/contents.htm ReligionFacts.com on Buddhism] facts, glossary, timeline and articles. *[http://www.webspawner.com/users/bodhisattva/index.html Tathagatagarbha Buddhism] five of the main "tathagatagarbha" sutras in full (or in part) *[http://www.nirvanasutra.org.uk "Nirvana Sutra Buddhism": full text and discussion of the Mahayana Mahaparinirvana Sutra] *[http://www.globalbuddhism.org Journal of Global Buddhism] by Charles S. Prebish, Pennsylvania State University (USA) and Martin Baumann, University of Lucerne (Switzerland) [[Category:බුදුදහම|*]] {{Link FA|ar}} {{Link FA|vi}} {{Link FA|zh}} [[af:Boeddhisme]] [[als:Buddhismus]] [[ar:بوذية]] [[bn:বৌদ্ধধর্ম]] [[zh-min-nan:Hu̍t-kàu]] [[br:Boudaegezh]] [[bg:Будизъм]] [[ca:Budisme]] [[cs:Buddhismus]] [[da:Buddhisme]] [[de:Buddhismus]] [[et:Budism]] [[el:Βουδισμός]] [[es:Budismo]] [[eo:Budhismo]] [[fa:بوداگرایی]] [[fr:Bouddhisme]] [[ko:불교]] [[hi:बौद्ध धर्म]] [[hr:Budizam]] [[io:Budismo]] [[ilo:Budhismo]] [[ia:Buddhismo]] [[is:Búddismi]] [[it:Buddhismo]] [[he:בודהיזם]] [[jv:Buddha]] [[kw:Bouddhisteth]] [[lo:ພຸດທະສາດສະໜາ]] [[la:Religio Buddhistica]] [[lv:Budisms]] [[li:Boeddhisme]] [[jbo:bu'ojda]] [[hu:Buddhizmus]] [[ms:Agama Buddha]] [[mn:Буддизм]] [[nl:Boeddhisme]] [[ja:仏教]] [[no:Buddhisme]] [[nn:Buddhismen]] [[ug:بذددا دعنع]] [[nds:Buddhismus]] [[pl:Buddyzm]] [[pt:Budismo]] [[ro:Budism]] [[ru:Буддизм]] [[sco:Buddhism]] [[simple:Buddhism]] [[sk:Budhizmus]] [[sl:Budizem]] [[sr:Будизам]] [[fi:Buddhalaisuus]] [[sv:Buddhism]] [[ta:பௌத்தம்]] [[th:พระพุทธศาสนา]] [[vi:Phật giáo]] [[tl:Budismo]] [[tpi:Budisim]] [[tr:Budizm]] [[uk:Буддизм]] [[yi:בודהיזם]] [[zh:佛教]] 5496 2006-06-04T08:01:28Z Lee 85 {{බුදු දහම}} '''බුදු දහම''' යනු ක්‍රි.පූ. පස් වන (5) සියවසේ පමණ වාසය කල බවට සලකන ශාක්‍යමුණි සිද්ධාර්ථ ගෞතම බුදුරජාණන් වහන්සේගේ ඉගැන්වීම් මත පදනම් වූ ධර්මයයි. == ගෞතම බුදුරජාණන් වහන්සේ == [[Image:Lightmatter_buddha3.jpg|thumb|left|A stone image of the Buddha.]] {{main|ගෞතම බුදුරජාණන් වහන්සේ}} According to all Buddhist traditions, the Buddha of the present age, called '''Siddhārtha''' ([[Sanskrit]]) or '''Siddhattha''' ([[Pāli]]) of the '''Gautama''' (Pāli: '''Gotama''') [[gotra]] or clan, was born in the grove of [[Lumbini|Lumbinī]] near the town of '''[[Kapilavastu]]''' (Pāli: '''Kapilavatthu'''), the capital of the kingdom ([[Mahajanapadas|mahājanapada]]) of the [[Shakya|Śākyas]] (Pāli: Sakyas). Lumbinī and the Śākya realm were known to have been in the north, adjacent to the kingdom of [[Kosala|Kośala]] and the republic of the [[Koliya]]s along the [[Ganges]], separated from Koliya by the river {{unicode|Rohiṇī}}. The exact location of Lumbinī is fixed in what is now south central [[Nepal]] by a [[Pillars of Ashoka|pillar]] inscription of King [[Ashoka|Aśoka]] from the 3rd century BCE commemorating the Buddha's birth. Despite weighty evidence for this location, Mr. Chandrabhanu Patel of the Orissa Museum has claimed that the birthplace was actually in [[Orissa]] state, hundreds of miles to the southeast. Siddhārtha's father was [[Suddhodana|Śuddhodana]] (Pāli: Suddhodana), then the chieftain (rājā) of the Śākyas. Traditions state that the Buddha's mother died at his birth or a few days later. The [[legend]] says that the seer Asita predicted shortly after his birth that Siddhārtha would become either a great king or a great holy man; because of this, the king tried to make sure that Siddhārtha never had any cause for dissatisfaction with his life, as such dissatisfaction might lead him to follow a spiritual path. Nevertheless, at the age of 29, he came across what has become known as the [[Four Passing Sights]]: an old crippled man, a sick man, a decaying corpse, and finally a wandering holy man. These four sights led him to the realization that birth, old age, sickness and death come to everyone. He decided to abandon his worldly life, leaving behind his privileges, rank, [[caste]], and his wife and child, to take up the life of a wandering holy man in search of the answer to the problems of birth, old age, pain, sickness, and death. Siddhārtha pursued the path of the [[shramana|{{unicode|śramaṇa}}]] and [[meditation]] with two [[Brahmin]] hermits, and, although he quickly achieved high levels of meditative consciousness ([[dhyana|dhyāna]], Pāli jhāna), he was still not satisfied with the results. Siddhārtha then began his training in the [[ascetic]] life and practicing vigorous techniques of physical and mental austerity. Siddhārtha proved quite adept at these practices, and was able to surpass his teachers. However, he found no answer to his questions. Leaving behind established teachers, he and a small group of close companions set out to take their austerities even further. After six years of ascetism, and nearly starving himself to death without any profit, Siddhārtha began to reconsider his path. He then remembered a moment in childhood in which he had been watching his father start the season's plowing; he had fallen into a naturally concentrated and focused state in which he felt a blissful and refreshing feeling and time seemed to stand still. After discarding [[asceticism]] and concentrating on [[meditation]], Siddhārtha discovered what Buddhists call the [[Middle Way]] – a path of moderation away from the extremes of [[hedonism|self-indulgence]] and [[asceticism|self-mortification]]. To strengthen his body, he accepted a little buttermilk from a passing goatherd. Then, sitting under a [[pipal]] tree, now known as the [[Bodhi tree]], he vowed never to arise until he had found the Truth. At the age of 35, he attained [[Bodhi|Enlightenment]] and became a [[Buddha]]. He preached his first sermon in [[Sarnath]] a place very near [[Varanasi|{{unicode|Vārāṇasī}}]] (Benares) in North India. [[Image:TrilogyDetail.JPG|thumb|251px|The [[Buddha]] venerated by [[Indra]] and [[Brahma (Buddhism)|Brahmā]], [[Kanishka casket|Kaniṣka casket]], dated to [[127|127 CE]], [[British Museum]].]] For the remaining 45 years of his life, Buddha Gautama traveled in the [[Gangetic Plain]] of northeastern India, teaching his doctrine and discipline to all – from nobles to outcaste street sweepers, including adherents of many different schools and teachers. The Buddha founded the two [[sangha|{{unicode|saṅghas}}]] (monastic communities) of monks and of nuns, which continued to expound his teaching after his death. == Doctrines == === Dependent Origination === === The Four Noble Truths === === The Noble Eightfold Path === === Bodhi === == මධ්‍යම ප්‍රතිපදාව == === Refuge in The Three Jewels === === Prajñā (Wisdom) === === සීල === === සමාධි === == Buddhism after the Buddha == === Early Buddhism === === Establishment of Theravāda Buddhism (Southern Tradition) === === Rise of Mahāyāna Buddhism (Northern Tradition) === === Emergence of the Vajrayāna === === Decline of Buddhism in India === == ප්‍රධාන බෙදීම් == === ථේරවාද === === මහායාන === === වජ්‍රයාන === === Intellectualism and Buddhist worldview === == Buddhist texts == == Present state of Buddhism == == කලාව සහ බෞද්ධ සංස්කෘතිය == == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == *[[Basic Points Unifying the Theravada and the Mahayana]] *[[Buddhist terms and concepts]] *[[List of Buddhist topics]] *[[List of Buddhists]] == අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු == *[http://www.dhamma.org International home page of the organizations which offer courses in Vipassana Meditation in the tradition of Sayagyi U Ba Khin as taught by S.N. Goenka ] *[http://www.meditateinlondon.org.uk/about-buddhism.php About Buddhism - the Teachings of Buddha] *[http://www.mkbuddhism.org.uk/ Buddhism Portal for the Milton Keynes area (UK)] *[http://www.e-sangha.com E-Sangha Buddhism Portal] *[http://www.dalailama.com/page.5.htm His Holiness The Dalai Lama teachings on Buddhism] *[http://hongakujodo.tripod.com/hjcl/ Hongaku Jodo, a major American movement of Pure Land Buddhism] *[http://www.accesstoinsight.org/index.html Access to Insight] Readings in Theravada Buddhism. *[http://ashokaedu.net Ashoka the eDharma university] Very high-quality online courses. *[http://www.buddhanet.net BuddhaNet] *[http://www.buddhachat.org/ BuddhaChat.org] - A Buddhist's learning community. *[http://buddhism.about.com/ Buddhism.about.com] *[http://www.ciolek.com/WWWVL-Buddhism.html Buddhist Studies WWW Virtual Library]: the Internet guide. *[http://www.dharmanet.org/ DharmaNet] *[http://www.world-religion.org/buddhism.php Encyclopedia of Religion Buddhism article] *[http://www.buddhaweb.org/ Essentials of Buddhism] *[http://www.dougblane.com/alamy/buddhism Photographic & Tactile exhibition by Doug Blane at The Open University 2006] *[http://www.religionfacts.com/buddhism/contents.htm ReligionFacts.com on Buddhism] facts, glossary, timeline and articles. *[http://www.webspawner.com/users/bodhisattva/index.html Tathagatagarbha Buddhism] five of the main "tathagatagarbha" sutras in full (or in part) *[http://www.nirvanasutra.org.uk "Nirvana Sutra Buddhism": full text and discussion of the Mahayana Mahaparinirvana Sutra] *[http://www.globalbuddhism.org Journal of Global Buddhism] by Charles S. Prebish, Pennsylvania State University (USA) and Martin Baumann, University of Lucerne (Switzerland) [[Category:බුදුදහම|*]] {{Link FA|ar}} {{Link FA|vi}} {{Link FA|zh}} [[af:Boeddhisme]] [[als:Buddhismus]] [[ar:بوذية]] [[bn:বৌদ্ধধর্ম]] [[zh-min-nan:Hu̍t-kàu]] [[br:Boudaegezh]] [[bg:Будизъм]] [[ca:Budisme]] [[cs:Buddhismus]] [[da:Buddhisme]] [[de:Buddhismus]] [[et:Budism]] [[el:Βουδισμός]] [[es:Budismo]] [[eo:Budhismo]] [[fa:بوداگرایی]] [[fr:Bouddhisme]] [[ko:불교]] [[hi:बौद्ध धर्म]] [[hr:Budizam]] [[io:Budismo]] [[ilo:Budhismo]] [[ia:Buddhismo]] [[is:Búddismi]] [[it:Buddhismo]] [[he:בודהיזם]] [[jv:Buddha]] [[kw:Bouddhisteth]] [[lo:ພຸດທະສາດສະໜາ]] [[la:Religio Buddhistica]] [[lv:Budisms]] [[li:Boeddhisme]] [[jbo:bu'ojda]] [[hu:Buddhizmus]] [[ms:Agama Buddha]] [[mn:Буддизм]] [[nl:Boeddhisme]] [[ja:仏教]] [[no:Buddhisme]] [[nn:Buddhismen]] [[ug:بذددا دعنع]] [[nds:Buddhismus]] [[pl:Buddyzm]] [[pt:Budismo]] [[ro:Budism]] [[ru:Буддизм]] [[sco:Buddhism]] [[simple:Buddhism]] [[sk:Budhizmus]] [[sl:Budizem]] [[sr:Будизам]] [[fi:Buddhalaisuus]] [[sv:Buddhism]] [[ta:பௌத்தம்]] [[th:พระพุทธศาสนา]] [[vi:Phật giáo]] [[tl:Budismo]] [[tpi:Budisim]] [[tr:Budizm]] [[uk:Буддизм]] [[yi:בודהיזם]] [[zh:佛教]] User:Rich Farmbrough 1737 4943 2006-03-19T19:23:42Z Rich Farmbrough 68 [[aa:User:Rich Farmbrough]] [[ang:User:Rich Farmbrough]] [[en:User:Rich Farmbrough]] [[si:User:Rich Farmbrough]] [[fr:User:Rich Farmbrough]] [[lt:User:Rich Farmbrough]] Talk:ශ්‍රී ලංකාව 1738 4952 2006-03-24T07:56:13Z Dasun 70 ("ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්තික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය" එහි නිලනාමය වෙයි) ‍මේ ගැන මටනම් සැකයි හොදින් ඒ ගැන දන්නා අයෙක් එ ය නිවැරදි කරන්න.ශ්රී ලංකාව ශ්‍රී ලංකාව ලෙසට සකස් කරන්න. දසුන්. 4958 2006-03-24T08:15:18Z Mayooresan 56 ("ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්තික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය" එහි නිලනාමය වෙයි) ‍මේ ගැන මටනම් සැකයි හොදින් ඒ ගැන දන්නා අයෙක් එ ය නිවැරදි කරන්න.ශ්රී ලංකාව ශ්‍රී ලංකාව ලෙසට සකස් කරන්න. දසුන්. ==national anthem== I think. It's poinless to include whole national anthem into this Sri Lanka article. we should move it to new article.--[[User:Mayooresan|Mayooresan]] 08:15, 24 March 2006 (UTC) 4962 2006-03-24T08:21:59Z Mayooresan 56 /* national anthem */ ("ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්තික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය" එහි නිලනාමය වෙයි) ‍මේ ගැන මටනම් සැකයි හොදින් ඒ ගැන දන්නා අයෙක් එ ය නිවැරදි කරන්න.ශ්රී ලංකාව ශ්‍රී ලංකාව ලෙසට සකස් කරන්න. දසුන්. ==national anthem== *I think. It's poinless to include whole national anthem into this Sri Lanka article. we should move it to new article.--[[User:Mayooresan|Mayooresan]] 08:15, 24 March 2006 (UTC) *ඉංග්රීසි පිටුව should not be included in External links or See Also. It's already in otherlanguages pannel. 5036 2006-04-02T12:10:47Z Gihandias 73 [[Talk:ශ්රී ලංකාව]] moved to [[Talk:ශ්‍රී ලංකාව]] ("ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්තික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය" එහි නිලනාමය වෙයි) ‍මේ ගැන මටනම් සැකයි හොදින් ඒ ගැන දන්නා අයෙක් එ ය නිවැරදි කරන්න.ශ්රී ලංකාව ශ්‍රී ලංකාව ලෙසට සකස් කරන්න. දසුන්. ==national anthem== *I think. It's poinless to include whole national anthem into this Sri Lanka article. we should move it to new article.--[[User:Mayooresan|Mayooresan]] 08:15, 24 March 2006 (UTC) *ඉංග්රීසි පිටුව should not be included in External links or See Also. It's already in otherlanguages pannel. Image:Colombo0706.jpg 1739 4955 2006-03-24T08:09:06Z Mayooresan 56 {{GFDL}} {{GFDL}} Template:GFDL 1740 4957 2006-03-24T08:12:50Z Mayooresan 56 template for GFDL- grant free documentation licence  <div class="boilerplate" style="margin:0.5em auto;width:80%;background-color:#f7f8ff;border:2px solid #8888aa; padding:4px;font-size:85%;min-height:64px;vertical-align:center" id="imageLicense"> <div style="float:left" id="imageLicenseIcon">[[Image:Heckert GNU white.svg|64px|GFDL]]</div> <div style="text-align:center;margin-left:68px" id="imageLicenseText"> Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the '''[[Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License|GNU Free Documentation License]]''', Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. Subject to [[Wikipedia:general disclaimer|disclaimers]]. </div> </div> <includeonly>[[Category:GFDL images|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly> <noinclude> ==See also== *{{tl|GFDL-no-disclaimers}} *{{tl|GFDL 1.2}} [[Category:Image copyright tags|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[vi:Tiêu bản:GFDL]] </noinclude> Template:Tl 1741 4959 2006-03-24T08:16:18Z Mayooresan 56  <div class="boilerplate" style="margin:0.5em auto;width:80%;background-color:#f7f8ff;border:2px solid #8888aa; padding:4px;font-size:85%;min-height:64px;vertical-align:center" id="imageLicense"> <div style="float:left" id="imageLicenseIcon">[[Image:Heckert GNU white.svg|64px|GFDL]]</div> <div style="text-align:center;margin-left:68px" id="imageLicenseText"> Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the '''[[Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License|GNU Free Documentation License]]''', Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.</div> </div> <includeonly>[[Category:GFDL images without disclaimer|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly> <noinclude> ==Explanation== This tag is part of an effort to migrate newly uploaded images to a version of the GFDL tag that does not inhibit reuse by burderning them with copies of the Wikipedia disclaimers (i.e. remove the "Subject to dislaimers" line). Such migration will put the English Wikipedia on an equal footing with the other major Wikipedias and with Commons. However, as one is legally required by the GFDL to preserve all disclaimers, that notice cannot be removed from existing images that bear it. Hence a round about migration process is necessary. Eventually, {{tl|GFDL}} will be replaced with this tag, after all existing usages of {{tl|GFDL}} have been migrated to {{tl|GFDL-with-disclaimers}} to acknowledge their unique (and rather awkward) status. [[User:Dragons flight|Dragons flight]] 03:30, 24 February 2006 (UTC) [[Category:Image copyright tags|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[vi:Tiêu bản:GFDL-no-disclaimers]] </noinclude> 4960 2006-03-24T08:17:22Z Mayooresan 56 ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජාතික ගීය 1742 4976 2006-03-24T09:01:51Z Mayooresan 56 ශ්‍රී ලංකා මාතා ෴ අප ශ්‍රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ සුන්දර සිරිබරිනි සුරැඳි අති සෝබමාන ලංකා ෴ ධාන්‍ය ධනය නෙක මල් පලතුරු පිරි ජය භුමිය රම්‍යා ෴ අප හට සැප සිරි සෙත සදනා ජීවනයේ මාතා ෴ පිළිගනු මැන අප භක්තී පූජා ෴ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ අප ශ්‍රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ ඔබ වේ අප විද්‍යා ෴ ඔබ මය අප සත්‍යා ෴ ඔබ වේ අප ශක්ති ෴ අප හද තුළ භක්ති ෴ ඔබ අප ආලෝකේ ෴ අපගේ අනුප්රාණේ ෴ ඔබ අප ජීවන වේ ෴ අප මුක්තිය ඔබ වේ ෴ නව ජීවන දෙමිනේ නිතින අප පුබුදු කරන් මාතා ෴ ඥාන වීර්ය වඩවමින රැගෙන යනු මැන ජයභූමී කරා ෴ එක මවකගේ දරුකැල බැවිනා යමු යමු වී නොපමා෴ ප්‍රේම වඩා සැම හේද දුරැර දා නමෝ නමෝ මාතා ෴ අප ශ්‍රී... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ නමෝ මාතා..... [[category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා ]] User talk:Dasun 1743 4977 2006-03-24T09:09:55Z Mayooresan 56 hi friend, I'd like to ask for your guidence since I'm not that much fluent in sinhala, Specially writing. Hope you'll help me. Thanks J.Mayooresan Talk:Main page 1744 4978 2006-03-24T09:46:44Z Dasun 70 මෙම පිටුවේ ක්‍ර ශ්‍රී ප්‍ර වැනි අක්ෂර වල වැරදි ඇත ඒවා නිවැදිකරන්න උදා- ක්රීඩා 5287 2006-04-28T15:28:49Z Lee 85 මෙය නිවැරදිද? - රාජ්‍ය තාන්ත්රකත්වය 15:28, 28 April 2006 (UTC)~ 5288 2006-04-28T15:37:05Z Lee 85 "රාජ්‍ය තාන්ත්රකත්වය" යන්න නිවැරදිද? වෙනත් වැරදි වෙතොත් ඒවාත් පෙන්වන්න. - [[User:Lee|Lee]] 15:37, 28 April 2006 (UTC) MediaWiki:Articletitles 1745 sysop 4982 2006-03-28T06:33:42Z MediaWiki default Articles starting with ''$1'' MediaWiki:Editsectionhint 1746 sysop 4983 2006-03-28T06:33:43Z MediaWiki default Edit section: $1 MediaWiki:Hideresults 1747 sysop 4985 2006-03-28T06:33:44Z MediaWiki default Hide results MediaWiki:Missingcommenttext 1748 sysop 4988 2006-03-28T06:33:44Z MediaWiki default Please enter a comment below. MediaWiki:Missingsummary 1749 sysop 4989 2006-03-28T06:33:44Z MediaWiki default '''Reminder:''' You have not provided an edit summary. 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MediaWiki:Tog-autopatrol 1768 sysop 5011 2006-03-28T06:33:46Z MediaWiki default Mark edits I make as patrolled MediaWiki:Tog-forceeditsummary 1769 sysop 5012 2006-03-28T06:33:46Z MediaWiki default Prompt me when entering a blank edit summary MediaWiki:Tog-watchcreations 1770 sysop 5013 2006-03-28T06:33:46Z MediaWiki default Add pages I create to my watchlist MediaWiki:Variantname-sr 1771 sysop 5016 2006-03-28T06:33:46Z MediaWiki default sr MediaWiki:Variantname-sr-ec 1772 sysop 5017 2006-03-28T06:33:46Z MediaWiki default sr-ec MediaWiki:Variantname-sr-el 1773 sysop 5018 2006-03-28T06:33:46Z MediaWiki default sr-el MediaWiki:Variantname-sr-jc 1774 sysop 5019 2006-03-28T06:33:46Z MediaWiki default sr-jc MediaWiki:Variantname-sr-jl 1775 sysop 5020 2006-03-28T06:33:46Z MediaWiki default sr-jl නිර්වාණය 1777 5023 2006-03-30T17:09:35Z Kushan 71 සම්‍මා සම්‍බ‍ු‍දු නුවණින් වදාළ සද්ධර්මය කොටස් කීපයක් තිබෙනවා. නිර්වාණය අරමුණ කළ මනුෂ්‍යයා විසින් මෙ සද්ධර්මය පළමු කොට ඇසීම, පිළිපැදීම යන දේ කළ යුතුය. 5463 2006-06-01T14:32:16Z Lee 85 සම්‍මා සම්‍බ‍ු‍දු නුවණින් වදාළ සද්ධර්මය කොටස් කීපයක් තිබෙනවා. නිර්වාණය අරමුණ කළ මනුෂ්‍යයා විසින් මෙ සද්ධර්මය පළමු කොට ඇසීම, පිළිපැදීම යන දේ කළ යුතුය. == හඳින්වීම == == Undefinable Nature == == නිර්වාණය සහ සංසාරය == == නිර්වාණය, මහා පරිනිර්වාණ සූත්‍රයට අනුව == == Quotations == == See also == == Further reading == * Jon Kabit-Zin, ''Wherever You Go, There You Are'' * ''The Mahayana Mahaparinirvana Sutra'' (Nirvana Publications, London 1999-2000), translated by Kosho Yamamoto, revised and edited by Dr. Tony Page. == External links == * [http://www.accesstoinsight.org/ptf/nibbana.html Nibbana] - more excerpts from the [[Pāli|Pali]] [[Tripitaka]] defining Nibbana * [http://www.nirvanasutra.org.uk "Nirvana Sutra": full English translation of the "Nirvana Sutra" and appreciation of its teachings.] * [http://www.exoticindiaart.com/article/buddha Buddha - A Hero's Journey to Nirvana] * [http://www.many-lives.com/lives/paradise.html Salvation Versus Liberation, A Buddhist View of Paradise Worlds] * [http://www.beyondthenet.net/calm/clm_main1.asp In-depth explanation of Nibbana according to the Pali Canon] * [http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/thanissaro/likefire/ Mind Like Fire Unbound] - a discussion of fire imagery as used in the Buddha's time [[Category:Buddhist philosophical concepts]] [[Category:Buddhist terms]] [[Category:Hindu philosophical concepts]] [[Category:Jain philosophical concepts]] [[da:Nirvana]] [[de:Nirvana]] [[es:Nirvana (espiritualidad)]] [[en:Nirvana]] [[eo:Nirvano]] [[fa:نیروانا]] [[fr:Nirvāna]] [[id:Nirwana]] [[it:Nirvana (trascendenza)]] [[nl:Nirvana (boeddhisme)]] [[ja:涅槃]] [[nn:Nirvana]] [[pl:Nirwana]] [[pt:Nirvana]] [[ru:Нирвана]] [[fi:Nirvana]] [[sv:Nirvana]] [[vi:Niết-bàn]] [[tr:Nirvana (Budizm)]] [[zh:涅槃]] 5508 2006-06-04T10:59:31Z Lee 85 සම්‍මා සම්‍බ‍ු‍දු නුවණින් වදාළ සද්ධර්මය කොටස් කීපයක් තිබෙනවා. නිර්වාණය අරමුණ කළ මනුෂ්‍යයා විසින් මෙ සද්ධර්මය පළමු කොට ඇසීම, පිළිපැදීම යන දේ කළ යුතුය. == හඳින්වීම == == Undefinable Nature == == නිර්වාණය සහ සංසාරය == == නිර්වාණය, මහා පරිනිර්වාණ සූත්‍රයට අනුව == == Quotations == == See also == == Further reading == * Jon Kabit-Zin, ''Wherever You Go, There You Are'' * ''The Mahayana Mahaparinirvana Sutra'' (Nirvana Publications, London 1999-2000), translated by Kosho Yamamoto, revised and edited by Dr. Tony Page. == අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු == * [http://www.accesstoinsight.org/ptf/nibbana.html Nibbana] - more excerpts from the [[Pāli|Pali]] [[Tripitaka]] defining Nibbana * [http://www.nirvanasutra.org.uk "Nirvana Sutra": full English translation of the "Nirvana Sutra" and appreciation of its teachings.] * [http://www.exoticindiaart.com/article/buddha Buddha - A Hero's Journey to Nirvana] * [http://www.many-lives.com/lives/paradise.html Salvation Versus Liberation, A Buddhist View of Paradise Worlds] * [http://www.beyondthenet.net/calm/clm_main1.asp In-depth explanation of Nibbana according to the Pali Canon] * [http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/thanissaro/likefire/ Mind Like Fire Unbound] - a discussion of fire imagery as used in the Buddha's time [[Category:Buddhist philosophical concepts]] [[Category:Buddhist terms]] [[Category:Hindu philosophical concepts]] [[Category:Jain philosophical concepts]] [[da:Nirvana]] [[de:Nirvana]] [[es:Nirvana (espiritualidad)]] [[en:Nirvana]] [[eo:Nirvano]] [[fa:نیروانا]] [[fr:Nirvāna]] [[id:Nirwana]] [[it:Nirvana (trascendenza)]] [[nl:Nirvana (boeddhisme)]] [[ja:涅槃]] [[nn:Nirvana]] [[pl:Nirwana]] [[pt:Nirvana]] [[ru:Нирвана]] [[fi:Nirvana]] [[sv:Nirvana]] [[vi:Niết-bàn]] [[tr:Nirvana (Budizm)]] [[zh:涅槃]] 5509 2006-06-04T11:01:18Z Lee 85 {{බුදු දහම}} සම්‍මා සම්‍බ‍ු‍දු නුවණින් වදාළ සද්ධර්මය කොටස් කීපයක් තිබෙනවා. නිර්වාණය අරමුණ කළ මනුෂ්‍යයා විසින් මෙ සද්ධර්මය පළමු කොට ඇසීම, පිළිපැදීම යන දේ කළ යුතුය. == හඳින්වීම == == Undefinable Nature == == නිර්වාණය සහ සංසාරය == == නිර්වාණය, මහා පරිනිර්වාණ සූත්‍රයට අනුව == == Quotations == == See also == == Further reading == * Jon Kabit-Zin, ''Wherever You Go, There You Are'' * ''The Mahayana Mahaparinirvana Sutra'' (Nirvana Publications, London 1999-2000), translated by Kosho Yamamoto, revised and edited by Dr. Tony Page. == අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු == * [http://www.accesstoinsight.org/ptf/nibbana.html Nibbana] - more excerpts from the [[Pāli|Pali]] [[Tripitaka]] defining Nibbana * [http://www.nirvanasutra.org.uk "Nirvana Sutra": full English translation of the "Nirvana Sutra" and appreciation of its teachings.] * [http://www.exoticindiaart.com/article/buddha Buddha - A Hero's Journey to Nirvana] * [http://www.many-lives.com/lives/paradise.html Salvation Versus Liberation, A Buddhist View of Paradise Worlds] * [http://www.beyondthenet.net/calm/clm_main1.asp In-depth explanation of Nibbana according to the Pali Canon] * [http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/thanissaro/likefire/ Mind Like Fire Unbound] - a discussion of fire imagery as used in the Buddha's time [[Category:Buddhist philosophical concepts]] [[Category:Buddhist terms]] [[Category:Hindu philosophical concepts]] [[Category:Jain philosophical concepts]] [[da:Nirvana]] [[de:Nirvana]] [[es:Nirvana (espiritualidad)]] [[en:Nirvana]] [[eo:Nirvano]] [[fa:نیروانا]] [[fr:Nirvāna]] [[id:Nirwana]] [[it:Nirvana (trascendenza)]] [[nl:Nirvana (boeddhisme)]] [[ja:涅槃]] [[nn:Nirvana]] [[pl:Nirwana]] [[pt:Nirvana]] [[ru:Нирвана]] [[fi:Nirvana]] [[sv:Nirvana]] [[vi:Niết-bàn]] [[tr:Nirvana (Budizm)]] [[zh:涅槃]] 5930 2006-07-02T19:52:47Z Ruwan 82 නිර්වාණය {{බුදු දහම}} සම්‍මා සම්‍බ‍ු‍දු නුවණින් වදාළ සද්ධර්මය කොටස් කීපයක් තිබෙනවා. නිර්වාණය අරමුණ කළ මනුෂ්‍යයා විසින් මෙ සද්ධර්මය පළමු කොට ඇසීම, පිළිපැදීම යන දේ කළ යුතුය. == හඳින්වීම == == Undefinable Nature == == නිර්වාණය සහ සංසාරය == == නිර්වාණය, මහා පරිනිර්වාණ සූත්‍රයට අනුව == == Quotations == ==තවද බලන්න==  == Further reading == * Jon Kabit-Zin, ''Wherever You Go, There You Are'' * ''The Mahayana Mahaparinirvana Sutra'' (Nirvana Publications, London 1999-2000), translated by Kosho Yamamoto, revised and edited by Dr. Tony Page. == අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු == * [http://www.accesstoinsight.org/ptf/nibbana.html Nibbana] - more excerpts from the [[Pāli|Pali]] [[Tripitaka]] defining Nibbana * [http://www.nirvanasutra.org.uk "Nirvana Sutra": full English translation of the "Nirvana Sutra" and appreciation of its teachings.] * [http://www.exoticindiaart.com/article/buddha Buddha - A Hero's Journey to Nirvana] * [http://www.many-lives.com/lives/paradise.html Salvation Versus Liberation, A Buddhist View of Paradise Worlds] * [http://www.beyondthenet.net/calm/clm_main1.asp In-depth explanation of Nibbana according to the Pali Canon] * [http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/thanissaro/likefire/ Mind Like Fire Unbound] - a discussion of fire imagery as used in the Buddha's time [[Category:Buddhist philosophical concepts]] [[Category:Buddhist terms]] [[Category:Hindu philosophical concepts]] [[Category:Jain philosophical concepts]] [[da:Nirvana]] [[de:Nirvana]] [[es:Nirvana (espiritualidad)]] [[en:Nirvana]] [[eo:Nirvano]] [[fa:نیروانا]] [[fr:Nirvāna]] [[id:Nirwana]] [[it:Nirvana (trascendenza)]] [[nl:Nirvana (boeddhisme)]] [[ja:涅槃]] [[nn:Nirvana]] [[pl:Nirwana]] [[pt:Nirvana]] [[ru:Нирвана]] [[fi:Nirvana]] [[sv:Nirvana]] [[vi:Niết-bàn]] [[tr:Nirvana (Budizm)]] [[zh:涅槃]] User:Jon Harald Søby 1778 5026 2006-03-31T12:44:49Z Jon Harald Søby 72 Hello! My name is '''[[m:User:Jon Harald Søby|Jon Harald Søby]]''', and I'm a [[m:Stewards|Steward]] of the Wikimedia Foundation, born 1988, living in Norway. [[en:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[no:Bruker:Jhs]] 5030 2006-04-01T10:13:01Z Jon Harald Søby 72 interwiki Hello! My name is '''[[m:User:Jon Harald Søby|Jon Harald Søby]]''', and I'm a [[m:Stewards|Steward]] of the Wikimedia Foundation, born 1988, living in Norway. If you wish to contact me, you can do so [[m:User talk:Jon Harald Søby|here]]. [[aa:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ab:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[af:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ak:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[als:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[am:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[an:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ang:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ar:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[arc:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[as:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ast:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[av:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ay:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[az:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ba:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[bat-smg:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[be:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[bg:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[bh:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[bi:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[bm:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[bn:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[bo:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[br:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[bs:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[bug:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ca:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ce:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ceb:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ch:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[cho:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[chr:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[chy:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[co:User:Jon Harald Søby]] 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[[he:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[hi:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ho:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[hr:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ht:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[hu:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[hy:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[hz:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ia:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[id:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ie:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ig:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ii:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ik:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ilo:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[io:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[is:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[it:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[iu:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ja:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[jbo:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[jv:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ka:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[kg:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[kj:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ki:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[kk:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[kl:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[km:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[kn:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ko:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[kr:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ks:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ksh:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ku:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[kv:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[kw:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ky:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[la:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[lad:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[lb:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[lg:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[li:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[lij:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[lmo:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ln:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[lo:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[lt:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[lv:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[map-bms:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[mg:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[mh:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[mi:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[mk:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ml:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[mn:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[mo:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[mr:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ms:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[mt:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[mus:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[my:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[na:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[nah:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[nap:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[nds:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[nds-nl:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ne:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ng:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[nl:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[nn:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[no:User:Jhs]] [[nrm:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[nv:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ny:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[oc:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[om:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[or:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[os:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[pa:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[pam:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[pap:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[pdc:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[pi:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[pih:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[pl:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[pms:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ps:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[pt:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[qu:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[rm:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[rmy:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[rn:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ro:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[roa-rup:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ru:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[rw:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[sa:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[sc:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[scn:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[sco:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[sd:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[se:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[sg:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[sh:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[simple:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[sk:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[sl:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[sm:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[sn:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[so:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[sq:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[sr:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ss:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[st:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[su:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[sv:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[sw:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ta:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[te:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[tet:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[tg:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[th:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ti:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[tk:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[tl:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[tn:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[to:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[tpi:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[tr:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ts:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[tt:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[tum:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[tw:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ty:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[udm:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ug:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[uk:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ur:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[uz:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[ve:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[vec:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[vi:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[vls:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[vo:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[wa:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[war:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[wo:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[xal:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[xh:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[yi:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[yo:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[za:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[zh:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[zh-min-nan:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[zh-yue:User:Jon Harald Søby]] [[zu:User:Jon Harald Søby]] ශ්රී ලංකාව 1779 5035 2006-04-02T12:10:47Z Gihandias 73 [[ශ්රී ලංකාව]] moved to [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව]] #REDIRECT [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව]] Talk:ශ්රී ලංකාව 1780 5037 2006-04-02T12:10:47Z Gihandias 73 [[Talk:ශ්රී ලංකාව]] moved to [[Talk:ශ්‍රී ලංකාව]] #REDIRECT [[Talk:ශ්‍රී ලංකාව]] Chuck Norris 1781 5040 2006-04-06T16:38:24Z 213.253.109.199 [http://www.4q.cc/index.php?pid=top100&person=chuck] Talk:ෙකාළඹ 1782 5047 2006-04-12T20:40:58Z 222.165.180.35 there is a problem with the kolamba written in unicode format it should be %E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%99%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%85%E0%B6%B9 instead of the current %E0%B7%99%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%85%E0%B6%B9 5048 2006-04-12T20:41:25Z 222.165.180.35 කොළඹ 1783 5049 2006-04-12T20:43:20Z 222.165.180.35 =හැඳින්වීම= කොළඹ නගරය යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ අගනුවරයි. එහි ජනගහනය 737,396 ක් වේ. =මේවාත් බලන්න= =අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු= * [http://www.cmc.lk කොළඹ නාගරික සභාව] * [http://www.colombocityguide.com කොළඹ නගරයට මග පෙන්වීමක්] * [http://www.lanka.info/sithiyama/search/searchFrontPage.jsp කොළඹ නගරේය ඩිජිටල් සිතියමක්] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} [[en:Colombo]] [[ko:콜롬보]] [[ta:கொழும்பு]] 5051 2006-04-12T20:57:59Z දුමිඳු 76 =හැඳින්වීම= කොළඹ නගරය යනු [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ|ශ්‍රී ලංකාව]] අගනුවරයි. එහි ජනගහනය 737,396 ක් වේ. =මේවාත් බලන්න= =අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු= * [http://www.cmc.lk කොළඹ නාගරික සභාව] * [http://www.colombocityguide.com කොළඹ නගරයට මග පෙන්වීමක්] * [http://www.lanka.info/sithiyama/search/searchFrontPage.jsp කොළඹ නගරේය ඩිජිටල් සිතියමක්] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} [[en:Colombo]] [[ko:콜롬보]] [[ta:கொழும்பு]] 5052 2006-04-12T20:58:24Z දුමිඳු 76 =හැඳින්වීම= කොළඹ නගරය යනු [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ]] අගනුවරයි. එහි ජනගහනය 737,396 ක් වේ. =මේවාත් බලන්න= =අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු= * [http://www.cmc.lk කොළඹ නාගරික සභාව] * [http://www.colombocityguide.com කොළඹ නගරයට මග පෙන්වීමක්] * [http://www.lanka.info/sithiyama/search/searchFrontPage.jsp කොළඹ නගරේය ඩිජිටල් සිතියමක්] {{අසම්පූර්ණ}} [[en:Colombo]] [[ko:콜롬보]] [[ta:கொழும்பு]] ෙතාරතුරු තාක්ෂනය 1784 5060 2006-04-12T23:27:50Z Amila 77 [[ෙතාරතුරු තාක්ෂනය]] moved to [[තොරතුරු තාක්‍ෂනය]]: Incorrect encoding #REDIRECT [[තොරතුරු තාක්‍ෂනය]] තොරතුරු තාක්‍ෂනය 1785 5062 2006-04-12T23:28:52Z Amila 77 [[තොරතුරු තාක්‍ෂනය]] moved to [[තොරතුරු තාක්‍ෂණය]]: grammar correction #REDIRECT [[තොරතුරු තාක්‍ෂණය]] User talk:Dcljr 1786 5065 2006-04-14T09:22:27Z Dcljr 79 page creation -- I speak English '''Please note:''' I speak [[:en:English language|English]]. - [[User:Dcljr|dcljr]] ---- User:Dcljr 1787 5066 2006-04-14T09:26:32Z Dcljr 79 page creation -- more to come... {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} articles [[en:User:Dcljr]] User:Ruwan 1788 5069 2006-04-17T22:05:15Z Ruwan 82 == ආයුෙබා්වන් ඹබ සැමට ! == මගේ නම රුවන්ෆොන්සේකා. Talk:Tamil people 1789 5074 2006-04-18T17:43:23Z Proof 83 The article should be translated into Singhalese. --[[User:Proof|Proof]] 17:43, 18 April 2006 (UTC) Talk:විකිපීඩියා 1790 5075 2006-04-18T17:45:04Z Proof 83 The article should be translated into Singhalese. --[[User:Proof|Proof]] 17:45, 18 April 2006 (UTC) 5624 2006-06-13T11:50:03Z Lee 85 [[Talk:Wikipedia]] moved to [[Talk:විකිපීඩියා]] The article should be translated into Singhalese. --[[User:Proof|Proof]] 17:45, 18 April 2006 (UTC) Talk:Sri Lanka 1791 5076 2006-04-18T17:46:36Z Proof 83 The article should be translated into Sinhalese.--[[User:Proof|Proof]] 17:46, 18 April 2006 (UTC) 5080 2006-04-18T17:54:52Z Proof 83 The article should be translated into Sinhalese.--[[User:Proof|Proof]] 17:46, 18 April 2006 (UTC) :I see that we have the article [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව]] about Sri Lanka. Information from here may be included there. --[[User:Proof|Proof]] 17:54, 18 April 2006 (UTC) Talk:Hungary 1792 5077 2006-04-18T17:47:18Z Proof 83 The article should be translated into Sinhalese.--[[User:Proof|Proof]] 17:47, 18 April 2006 (UTC) Talk:Peace 1793 5078 2006-04-18T17:49:48Z Proof 83 The article should be translated into Sinhalese.--[[User:Proof|Proof]] 17:49, 18 April 2006 (UTC) Talk:Buddha 1794 5079 2006-04-18T17:52:14Z Proof 83 The article should be translated into Sinhalese.--[[User:Proof|Proof]] 17:52, 18 April 2006 (UTC) User:Proof 1795 5086 2006-04-18T18:20:41Z Proof 83 My name is Rainer Doehle, I am mainly contributing to the German Wikipedia. Unfortunately I don't speak Sinhalese but would like to help with interwiki-links. I am a native German speaker and also speak English and French fluently. --[[User:Proof|Proof]] 18:20, 18 April 2006 (UTC) Image:280px-සිතියමේආසියාව.png 1796 5087 2006-04-18T23:07:02Z Ruwan 82 සිතියමේ ආසියාවේ පිහිටීම සිතියමේ ආසියාවේ පිහිටීම ආසියාව 1797 5088 2006-04-18T23:09:10Z Ruwan 82 ආසියාවේ පිහිටීම ==ආසියාව== [[Image:280px-සිතියමේආසියාව.png]] 5089 2006-04-19T16:08:44Z 211.61.73.161 /* ආසියාව */ ==ආසියාව== [[Image:280px-සිතියමේආසියාව.png]] [[ko:아시아]] 5090 2006-04-20T16:56:05Z Ruwan 82 ආසියාව [[Image:LocationAsia.png|thumb|280px|ආසියාව දැක්වෙන ලෝක සිතියමක්]] [[Image:Asia satellite orthographic.jpg|thumb|280px|ආසියාවේ රටවල් ඇතුලත් චන්ද්‍රිකා ඡායාවක්]] [[ko:아시아]] 5091 2006-04-20T17:41:33Z Ruwan 82 [[Image:LocationAsia.png|thumb|280px|ආසියාව දැක්වෙන ලෝක සිතියමක්]] [[Image:Asia satellite orthographic.jpg|thumb|280px|ආසියාවේ රටවල් ඇතුළත් චන්ද්‍රිකා ඡායාවක්]] [[Category:ආසියාව| ]] [[Category:මහාද්වීප]] [[frp:Asia]] [[nrm:Âsie]] [[zh-yue:亞洲]] [[af:Asië]] [[ar:آسيا]] [[an:Asia]] [[ast:Asia]] [[az:Asiya]] [[bg:Азия]] [[zh-min-nan:A-chiu]] [[bn:এশিয়া]] [[bs:Azija]] [[br:Azia]] [[ca:Àsia]] [[ceb:Asya]] [[chr:ᎠᏏᎠ]] [[cs:Asie]] [[cy:Asia]] [[da:Asien]] [[de:Asien]] [[et:Aasia]] [[el:Ασία]] [[en:Asia]] [[es:Asia]] [[eo:Azio]] [[eu:Asia]] [[fa:آسیا]] [[fo:Asia]] [[fr:Asie]] [[fy:Aazje]] [[ga:An Áise]] [[gl:Asia]] [[gu:એશિયા]] [[ko:아시아]] [[ht:Azi]] [[hi:एशिया]] [[hr:Azija]] [[io:Azia]] [[id:Asia]] [[ia:Asia]] [[is:Asía]] [[it:Asia]] [[he:אסיה]] [[kn:ಏಶ್ಯಾ]] [[ka:აზია (ქვეყნის ნაწილი)]] [[csb:Azëjô]] [[kw:Asi]] [[sw:Asia]] [[ku:Asya]] [[la:Asia]] [[lv:Āzija]] [[lt:Azija]] [[lb:Asien]] [[li:Azië]] [[jbo:zdotu'a]] [[hu:Ázsia]] [[mk:Азија]] [[mg:Azia]] [[mt:Asja]] [[ms:Asia]] [[mo:Асия]] [[my:အာရ္ဟတိုက္‌]] [[nl:Azië]] [[nds:Asien]] [[ja:アジア]] [[no:Asia]] [[nn:Asia]] [[oc:Asia]] [[os:Ази]] [[pl:Azja]] [[pt:Ásia]] [[ro:Asia]] [[ru:Азия]] [[se:Ásia]] [[sa:एशिया]] [[sh:Azija]]  [[simple:Asia]] [[sk:Ázia]] [[sl:Azija]] [[sr:Азија]] [[su:Asia]] [[fi:Aasia]] [[sv:Asien]] [[tl:Asya]] [[ta:ஆசியா]] [[th:ทวีปเอเชีย]] [[tk:Aziýa]] [[vi:Châu Á]] [[tpi:Asia]] [[tr:Asya]] [[uk:Азія]] [[war:Asya]] [[yi:אזיע]] [[zh:亚洲]] 5092 2006-04-20T22:10:00Z 64.72.89.130 [[Image:LocationAsia.png|thumb|280px|ආසියාව දැක්වෙන ලෝක සිතියමක්]] [[Image:Asia satellite orthographic.jpg|thumb|280px|ආසියාවේ රටවල් ඇතුළත් චන්‍ද්‍රිකා ඡායාවක්]] [[Category:ආසියාව| ]] [[Category:මහාද්වීප]] [[frp:Asia]] [[nrm:Âsie]] [[zh-yue:亞洲]] [[af:Asië]] [[ar:آسيا]] [[an:Asia]] [[ast:Asia]] [[az:Asiya]] [[bg:Азия]] [[zh-min-nan:A-chiu]] [[bn:এশিয়া]] [[bs:Azija]] [[br:Azia]] [[ca:Àsia]] [[ceb:Asya]] [[chr:ᎠᏏᎠ]] [[cs:Asie]] [[cy:Asia]] [[da:Asien]] [[de:Asien]] [[et:Aasia]] [[el:Ασία]] [[en:Asia]] [[es:Asia]] [[eo:Azio]] [[eu:Asia]] [[fa:آسیا]] [[fo:Asia]] [[fr:Asie]] [[fy:Aazje]] [[ga:An Áise]] [[gl:Asia]] [[gu:એશિયા]] [[ko:아시아]] [[ht:Azi]] [[hi:एशिया]] [[hr:Azija]] [[io:Azia]] [[id:Asia]] [[ia:Asia]] [[is:Asía]] [[it:Asia]] [[he:אסיה]] [[kn:ಏಶ್ಯಾ]] [[ka:აზია (ქვეყნის ნაწილი)]] [[csb:Azëjô]] [[kw:Asi]] [[sw:Asia]] [[ku:Asya]] [[la:Asia]] [[lv:Āzija]] [[lt:Azija]] [[lb:Asien]] [[li:Azië]] [[jbo:zdotu'a]] [[hu:Ázsia]] [[mk:Азија]] [[mg:Azia]] [[mt:Asja]] [[ms:Asia]] [[mo:Асия]] [[my:အာရ္ဟတိုက္‌]] [[nl:Azië]] [[nds:Asien]] [[ja:アジア]] [[no:Asia]] [[nn:Asia]] [[oc:Asia]] [[os:Ази]] [[pl:Azja]] [[pt:Ásia]] [[ro:Asia]] [[ru:Азия]] [[se:Ásia]] [[sa:एशिया]] [[sh:Azija]]  [[simple:Asia]] [[sk:Ázia]] [[sl:Azija]] [[sr:Азија]] [[su:Asia]] [[fi:Aasia]] [[sv:Asien]] [[tl:Asya]] [[ta:ஆசியா]] [[th:ทวีปเอเชีย]] [[tk:Aziýa]] [[vi:Châu Á]] [[tpi:Asia]] [[tr:Asya]] [[uk:Азія]] [[war:Asya]] [[yi:אזיע]] [[zh:亚洲]] 5170 2006-04-22T05:18:30Z Ruwan 82 ආසියාව [[Image:LocationAsia.png|thumb|280px|ආසියාව දැක්වෙන ලෝක සිතියමක්]] [[Image:Asia satellite orthographic.jpg|thumb|280px|ආසියාවේ රටවල් ඇතුළත් චන්‍ද්‍රිකා ඡායාවක්]]  විශාලතම හා ජනාකීර්ණතම ප්‍රදේශය හෝ [[මහාද්වීපය]] ලෙස '''ආසියාව''' අර්ථ දැක්විය හැකිය. පාරම්පරිකව නිර්වචනය කර අැත්තෙ [[අප්‍රිකාව|අප්‍රිකාවේ]]-[[යූරෝආසියාව|යූරෝආසියාවේ]] [[ගොඩබිම|ගොඩබිම්]] කොටසක් ලෙසත්, යූරෝආසියාවේ බටහිරෙහි [[යුරෝපය]]ද , යුරෝපය - [[සුවස් ඇළ]]ට නෑගෙනහිරින්ද, [[යුරල් කඳු වැටිය|යුරල් කඳු වැටියට]] නැගෙනහිරින්ද, [[කෝකස කඳු වැටි්ය|කෝකස කඳු වැටි්යට]] දකුණින්ද, [[කැස්පියන් මුහුද|කැස්පියන්]] හා [[කළු මුහුද|කළු මුහුදුවලට]] දකුණින්ද පිහිටා ඇති පරිදිය. ලෝකයේ [[මිනිස් ජනගහනය|මිනිස් ජනගහනයෙන්]] 60%ක් පමණ ජීවත්වන්නේ ආසියාවේය. [[Category:ආසියාව| ]] [[Category:මහාද්වීප]] [[frp:Asia]] [[nrm:Âsie]] [[zh-yue:亞洲]] [[af:Asië]] [[ar:آسيا]] [[an:Asia]] [[ast:Asia]] [[az:Asiya]] [[bg:Азия]] [[zh-min-nan:A-chiu]] [[bn:এশিয়া]] [[bs:Azija]] [[br:Azia]] [[ca:Àsia]] [[ceb:Asya]] [[chr:ᎠᏏᎠ]] [[cs:Asie]] [[cy:Asia]] [[da:Asien]] [[de:Asien]] [[et:Aasia]] [[el:Ασία]] [[en:Asia]] [[es:Asia]] [[eo:Azio]] [[eu:Asia]] [[fa:آسیا]] [[fo:Asia]] [[fr:Asie]] [[fy:Aazje]] [[ga:An Áise]] [[gl:Asia]] [[gu:એશિયા]] [[ko:아시아]] [[ht:Azi]] [[hi:एशिया]] [[hr:Azija]] [[io:Azia]] [[id:Asia]] [[ia:Asia]] [[is:Asía]] [[it:Asia]] [[he:אסיה]] [[kn:ಏಶ್ಯಾ]] [[ka:აზია (ქვეყნის ნაწილი)]] [[csb:Azëjô]] [[kw:Asi]] [[sw:Asia]] [[ku:Asya]] [[la:Asia]] [[lv:Āzija]] [[lt:Azija]] [[lb:Asien]] [[li:Azië]] [[jbo:zdotu'a]] [[hu:Ázsia]] [[mk:Азија]] [[mg:Azia]] [[mt:Asja]] [[ms:Asia]] [[mo:Асия]] [[my:အာရ္ဟတိုက္‌]] [[nl:Azië]] [[nds:Asien]] [[ja:アジア]] [[no:Asia]] [[nn:Asia]] [[oc:Asia]] [[os:Ази]] [[pl:Azja]] [[pt:Ásia]] [[ro:Asia]] [[ru:Азия]] [[se:Ásia]] [[sa:एशिया]] [[sh:Azija]]  [[simple:Asia]] [[sk:Ázia]] [[sl:Azija]] [[sr:Азија]] [[su:Asia]] [[fi:Aasia]] [[sv:Asien]] [[tl:Asya]] [[ta:ஆசியா]] [[th:ทวีปเอเชีย]] [[tk:Aziýa]] [[vi:Châu Á]] [[tpi:Asia]] [[tr:Asya]] [[uk:Азія]] [[war:Asya]] [[yi:אזיע]] [[zh:亚洲]] 5181 2006-04-22T05:25:43Z Ruwan 82 ආසියාව [[Image:LocationAsia.png|thumb|280px|ආසියාව දැක්වෙන ලෝක සිතියමක්]] [[Image:Asia satellite orthographic.jpg|thumb|280px|ආසියාවේ රටවල් ඇතුළත් චන්‍ද්‍රිකා ඡායාවක්]]  ==හැඳින්වීම== විශාලතම හා ජනාකීර්ණතම ප්‍රදේශය හෝ [[මහාද්වීපය]] ලෙස '''ආසියාව''' අර්ථ දැක්විය හැකිය. පාරම්පරිකව නිර්වචනය කර අැත්තෙ [[අප්‍රිකාව|අප්‍රිකාවේ]]-[[යූරෝආසියාව|යූරෝආසියාවේ]] [[ගොඩබිම|ගොඩබිම්]] කොටසක් ලෙසත්, යූරෝආසියාවේ බටහිරෙහි [[යුරෝපය]]ද , යුරෝපය - [[සුවස් ඇළ]]ට නෑගෙනහිරින්ද, [[යුරල් කඳු වැටිය|යුරල් කඳු වැටියට]] නැගෙනහිරින්ද, [[කෝකස කඳු වැටි්ය|කෝකස කඳු වැටි්යට]] දකුණින්ද, [[කැස්පියන් මුහුද|කැස්පියන්]] හා [[කළු මුහුද|කළු මුහුදුවලට]] දකුණින්ද පිහිටා ඇති පරිදිය. ලෝකයේ [[මිනිස් ජනගහනය|මිනිස් ජනගහනයෙන්]] 60%ක් පමණ ජීවත්වන්නේ ආසියාවේය. [[Category:ආසියාව| ]] [[Category:මහාද්වීප]] [[frp:Asia]] [[nrm:Âsie]] [[zh-yue:亞洲]] [[af:Asië]] [[ar:آسيا]] [[an:Asia]] [[ast:Asia]] [[az:Asiya]] [[bg:Азия]] [[zh-min-nan:A-chiu]] [[bn:এশিয়া]] [[bs:Azija]] [[br:Azia]] [[ca:Àsia]] [[ceb:Asya]] [[chr:ᎠᏏᎠ]] [[cs:Asie]] [[cy:Asia]] [[da:Asien]] [[de:Asien]] [[et:Aasia]] [[el:Ασία]] [[en:Asia]] [[es:Asia]] [[eo:Azio]] [[eu:Asia]] [[fa:آسیا]] [[fo:Asia]] [[fr:Asie]] [[fy:Aazje]] [[ga:An Áise]] [[gl:Asia]] [[gu:એશિયા]] [[ko:아시아]] [[ht:Azi]] [[hi:एशिया]] [[hr:Azija]] [[io:Azia]] [[id:Asia]] [[ia:Asia]] [[is:Asía]] [[it:Asia]] [[he:אסיה]] [[kn:ಏಶ್ಯಾ]] [[ka:აზია (ქვეყნის ნაწილი)]] [[csb:Azëjô]] [[kw:Asi]] [[sw:Asia]] [[ku:Asya]] [[la:Asia]] [[lv:Āzija]] [[lt:Azija]] [[lb:Asien]] [[li:Azië]] [[jbo:zdotu'a]] [[hu:Ázsia]] [[mk:Азија]] [[mg:Azia]] [[mt:Asja]] [[ms:Asia]] [[mo:Асия]] [[my:အာရ္ဟတိုက္‌]] [[nl:Azië]] [[nds:Asien]] [[ja:アジア]] [[no:Asia]] [[nn:Asia]] [[oc:Asia]] [[os:Ази]] [[pl:Azja]] [[pt:Ásia]] [[ro:Asia]] [[ru:Азия]] [[se:Ásia]] [[sa:एशिया]] [[sh:Azija]]  [[simple:Asia]] [[sk:Ázia]] [[sl:Azija]] [[sr:Азија]] [[su:Asia]] [[fi:Aasia]] [[sv:Asien]] [[tl:Asya]] [[ta:ஆசியா]] [[th:ทวีปเอเชีย]] [[tk:Aziýa]] [[vi:Châu Á]] [[tpi:Asia]] [[tr:Asya]] [[uk:Азія]] [[war:Asya]] [[yi:אזיע]] [[zh:亚洲]] 5193 2006-04-22T05:37:52Z Ruwan 82 [[Image:LocationAsia.png|thumb|280px|ආසියාව දැක්වෙන ලෝක සිතියමක්]] [[Image:Asia satellite orthographic.jpg|thumb|280px|ආසියාවේ රටවල් ඇතුළත් චන්‍ද්‍රිකා ඡායාවක්]]   ==හැඳින්වීම== විශාලතම හා ජනාකීර්ණතම ප්‍රදේශය හෝ [[මහාද්වීපය]] ලෙස '''ආසියාව''' අර්ථ දැක්විය හැකිය. පාරම්පරිකව නිර්වචනය කර අැත්තෙ [[අප්‍රිකාව|අප්‍රිකාවේ]]-[[යූරෝආසියාව|යූරෝආසියාවේ]] [[ගොඩබිම|ගොඩබිම්]] කොටසක් ලෙසත්, යූරෝආසියාවේ බටහිරෙහි [[යුරෝපය]]ද , යුරෝපය - [[සුවස් ඇළ]]ට නෑගෙනහිරින්ද, [[යුරල් කඳු වැටිය|යුරල් කඳු වැටියට]] නැගෙනහිරින්ද, [[කෝකස කඳු වැටි්ය|කෝකස කඳු වැටි්යට]] දකුණින්ද, [[කැස්පියන් මුහුද|කැස්පියන්]] හා [[කළු මුහුද|කළු මුහුදුවලට]] දකුණින්ද පිහිටා ඇති පරිදිය. ලෝකයේ [[මිනිස් ජනගහනය|මිනිස් ජනගහනයෙන්]] 60%ක් පමණ ජීවත්වන්නේ ආසියාවේය.   ==නිරුක්ති විස්තරය== [[Category:ආසියාව| ]] [[Category:මහාද්වීප]] [[frp:Asia]] [[nrm:Âsie]] [[zh-yue:亞洲]] [[af:Asië]] [[ar:آسيا]] [[an:Asia]] [[ast:Asia]] [[az:Asiya]] [[bg:Азия]] [[zh-min-nan:A-chiu]] [[bn:এশিয়া]] [[bs:Azija]] [[br:Azia]] [[ca:Àsia]] [[ceb:Asya]] [[chr:ᎠᏏᎠ]] [[cs:Asie]] [[cy:Asia]] [[da:Asien]] [[de:Asien]] [[et:Aasia]] [[el:Ασία]] [[en:Asia]] [[es:Asia]] [[eo:Azio]] [[eu:Asia]] [[fa:آسیا]] [[fo:Asia]] [[fr:Asie]] [[fy:Aazje]] [[ga:An Áise]] [[gl:Asia]] [[gu:એશિયા]] [[ko:아시아]] [[ht:Azi]] [[hi:एशिया]] [[hr:Azija]] [[io:Azia]] [[id:Asia]] [[ia:Asia]] [[is:Asía]] [[it:Asia]] [[he:אסיה]] [[kn:ಏಶ್ಯಾ]] [[ka:აზია (ქვეყნის ნაწილი)]] [[csb:Azëjô]] [[kw:Asi]] [[sw:Asia]] [[ku:Asya]] [[la:Asia]] [[lv:Āzija]] [[lt:Azija]] [[lb:Asien]] [[li:Azië]] [[jbo:zdotu'a]] [[hu:Ázsia]] [[mk:Азија]] [[mg:Azia]] [[mt:Asja]] [[ms:Asia]] [[mo:Асия]] [[my:အာရ္ဟတိုက္‌]] [[nl:Azië]] [[nds:Asien]] [[ja:アジア]] [[no:Asia]] [[nn:Asia]] [[oc:Asia]] [[os:Ази]] [[pl:Azja]] [[pt:Ásia]] [[ro:Asia]] [[ru:Азия]] [[se:Ásia]] [[sa:एशिया]] [[sh:Azija]]  [[simple:Asia]] [[sk:Ázia]] [[sl:Azija]] [[sr:Азија]] [[su:Asia]] [[fi:Aasia]] [[sv:Asien]] [[tl:Asya]] [[ta:ஆசியா]] [[th:ทวีปเอเชีย]] [[tk:Aziýa]] [[vi:Châu Á]] [[tpi:Asia]] [[tr:Asya]] [[uk:Азія]] [[war:Asya]] [[yi:אזיע]] [[zh:亚洲]] 5194 2006-04-22T05:39:13Z Ruwan 82 [[Image:LocationAsia.png|thumb|280px|ආසියාව දැක්වෙන ලෝක සිතියමක්]] [[Image:Asia satellite orthographic.jpg|thumb|280px|ආසියාවේ රටවල් ඇතුළත් චන්‍ද්‍රිකා ඡායාවක්]]   ==හැඳින්වීම== විශාලතම හා ජනාකීර්ණතම ප්‍රදේශය හෝ [[මහාද්වීපය]] ලෙස '''ආසියාව''' අර්ථ දැක්විය හැකිය. පාරම්පරිකව නිර්වචනය කර අැත්තෙ [[අප්‍රිකාව|අප්‍රිකාවේ]]-[[යූරෝආසියාව|යූරෝආසියාවේ]] [[ගොඩබිම|ගොඩබිම්]] කොටසක් ලෙසත්, යූරෝආසියාවේ බටහිරෙහි [[යුරෝපය]]ද , යුරෝපය - [[සුවස් ඇළ]]ට නෑගෙනහිරින්ද, [[යුරල් කඳු වැටිය|යුරල් කඳු වැටියට]] නැගෙනහිරින්ද, [[කෝකස කඳු වැටි්ය|කෝකස කඳු වැටි්යට]] දකුණින්ද, [[කැස්පියන් මුහුද|කැස්පියන්]] හා [[කළු මුහුද|කළු මුහුදුවලට]] දකුණින්ද පිහිටා ඇති පරිදිය. ලෝකයේ [[මිනිස් ජනගහනය|මිනිස් ජනගහනයෙන්]] 60%ක් පමණ ජීවත්වන්නේ ආසියාවේය.   ==නිරුක්ති විස්තරය== නිරුක්ති විස්තරය [[Category:ආසියාව| ]] [[Category:මහාද්වීප]] [[frp:Asia]] [[nrm:Âsie]] [[zh-yue:亞洲]] [[af:Asië]] [[ar:آسيا]] [[an:Asia]] [[ast:Asia]] [[az:Asiya]] [[bg:Азия]] [[zh-min-nan:A-chiu]] [[bn:এশিয়া]] [[bs:Azija]] [[br:Azia]] [[ca:Àsia]] [[ceb:Asya]] [[chr:ᎠᏏᎠ]] [[cs:Asie]] [[cy:Asia]] [[da:Asien]] [[de:Asien]] [[et:Aasia]] [[el:Ασία]] [[en:Asia]] [[es:Asia]] [[eo:Azio]] [[eu:Asia]] [[fa:آسیا]] [[fo:Asia]] [[fr:Asie]] [[fy:Aazje]] [[ga:An Áise]] [[gl:Asia]] [[gu:એશિયા]] [[ko:아시아]] [[ht:Azi]] [[hi:एशिया]] [[hr:Azija]] [[io:Azia]] [[id:Asia]] [[ia:Asia]] [[is:Asía]] [[it:Asia]] [[he:אסיה]] [[kn:ಏಶ್ಯಾ]] [[ka:აზია (ქვეყნის ნაწილი)]] [[csb:Azëjô]] [[kw:Asi]] [[sw:Asia]] [[ku:Asya]] [[la:Asia]] [[lv:Āzija]] [[lt:Azija]] [[lb:Asien]] [[li:Azië]] [[jbo:zdotu'a]] [[hu:Ázsia]] [[mk:Азија]] [[mg:Azia]] [[mt:Asja]] [[ms:Asia]] [[mo:Асия]] [[my:အာရ္ဟတိုက္‌]] [[nl:Azië]] [[nds:Asien]] [[ja:アジア]] [[no:Asia]] [[nn:Asia]] [[oc:Asia]] [[os:Ази]] [[pl:Azja]] [[pt:Ásia]] [[ro:Asia]] [[ru:Азия]] [[se:Ásia]] [[sa:एशिया]] [[sh:Azija]]  [[simple:Asia]] [[sk:Ázia]] [[sl:Azija]] [[sr:Азија]] [[su:Asia]] [[fi:Aasia]] [[sv:Asien]] [[tl:Asya]] [[ta:ஆசியா]] [[th:ทวีปเอเชีย]] [[tk:Aziýa]] [[vi:Châu Á]] [[tpi:Asia]] [[tr:Asya]] [[uk:Азія]] [[war:Asya]] [[yi:אזיע]] [[zh:亚洲]] 5201 2006-04-22T06:01:54Z Ruwan 82 [[Image:LocationAsia.png|thumb|280px|ආසියාව දැක්වෙන ලෝක සිතියමක්]] [[Image:Asia satellite orthographic.jpg|thumb|280px|ආසියාවේ රටවල් ඇතුළත් චන්‍ද්‍රිකා ඡායාවක්]]   ==හැඳින්වීම== විශාලතම හා ජනාකීර්ණතම ප්‍රදේශය හෝ [[මහාද්වීපය]] ලෙස '''ආසියාව''' අර්ථ දැක්විය හැකිය. පාරම්පරිකව නිර්වචනය කර අැත්තෙ [[අප්‍රිකාව|අප්‍රිකාවේ]]-[[යූරෝආසියාව|යූරෝආසියාවේ]] [[ගොඩබිම|ගොඩබිම්]] කොටසක් ලෙසත්, යූරෝආසියාවේ බටහිරෙහි [[යුරෝපය]]ද , යුරෝපය - [[සුවස් ඇළ]]ට නෑගෙනහිරින්ද, [[යුරල් කඳු වැටිය|යුරල් කඳු වැටියට]] නැගෙනහිරින්ද, [[කෝකස කඳු වැටි්ය|කෝකස කඳු වැටි්යට]] දකුණින්ද, [[කැස්පියන් මුහුද|කැස්පියන්]] හා [[කළු මුහුද|කළු මුහුදුවලට]] දකුණින්ද පිහිටා ඇති පරිදිය. ලෝකයේ [[මිනිස් ජනගහනය|මිනිස් ජනගහනයෙන්]] 60%ක් පමණ ජීවත්වන්නේ ආසියාවේය.   ==නිරුක්ති විස්තරය== නිරුක්ති විස්තරය   ==අර්ථ දැක්වීම/පැහැදිලි කිරීම සහ මායිම්== අර්ථ දැක්වීම/පැහැදිලි කිරීම සහ මායිම් [[Category:ආසියාව| ]] [[Category:මහාද්වීප]] [[frp:Asia]] [[nrm:Âsie]] [[zh-yue:亞洲]] [[af:Asië]] [[ar:آسيا]] [[an:Asia]] [[ast:Asia]] [[az:Asiya]] [[bg:Азия]] [[zh-min-nan:A-chiu]] [[bn:এশিয়া]] [[bs:Azija]] [[br:Azia]] [[ca:Àsia]] [[ceb:Asya]] [[chr:ᎠᏏᎠ]] [[cs:Asie]] [[cy:Asia]] [[da:Asien]] [[de:Asien]] [[et:Aasia]] [[el:Ασία]] [[en:Asia]] [[es:Asia]] [[eo:Azio]] [[eu:Asia]] [[fa:آسیا]] [[fo:Asia]] [[fr:Asie]] [[fy:Aazje]] [[ga:An Áise]] [[gl:Asia]] [[gu:એશિયા]] [[ko:아시아]] [[ht:Azi]] [[hi:एशिया]] [[hr:Azija]] [[io:Azia]] [[id:Asia]] [[ia:Asia]] [[is:Asía]] [[it:Asia]] [[he:אסיה]] [[kn:ಏಶ್ಯಾ]] [[ka:აზია (ქვეყნის ნაწილი)]] [[csb:Azëjô]] [[kw:Asi]] [[sw:Asia]] [[ku:Asya]] [[la:Asia]] [[lv:Āzija]] [[lt:Azija]] [[lb:Asien]] [[li:Azië]] [[jbo:zdotu'a]] [[hu:Ázsia]] [[mk:Азија]] [[mg:Azia]] [[mt:Asja]] [[ms:Asia]] [[mo:Асия]] [[my:အာရ္ဟတိုက္‌]] [[nl:Azië]] [[nds:Asien]] [[ja:アジア]] [[no:Asia]] [[nn:Asia]] [[oc:Asia]] [[os:Ази]] [[pl:Azja]] [[pt:Ásia]] [[ro:Asia]] [[ru:Азия]] [[se:Ásia]] [[sa:एशिया]] [[sh:Azija]]  [[simple:Asia]] [[sk:Ázia]] [[sl:Azija]] [[sr:Азија]] [[su:Asia]] [[fi:Aasia]] [[sv:Asien]] [[tl:Asya]] [[ta:ஆசியா]] [[th:ทวีปเอเชีย]] [[tk:Aziýa]] [[vi:Châu Á]] [[tpi:Asia]] [[tr:Asya]] [[uk:Азія]] [[war:Asya]] [[yi:אזיע]] [[zh:亚洲]] 5226 2006-04-22T06:59:29Z Ruwan 82 ආසියාව [[Image:LocationAsia.png|thumb|280px|ආසියාව දැක්වෙන ලෝක සිතියමක්]] [[Image:Asia satellite orthographic.jpg|thumb|280px|ආසියාවේ රටවල් ඇතුළත් චන්‍ද්‍රිකා ඡායාවක්]]   ==හැඳින්වීම== විශාලතම හා ජනාකීර්ණතම ප්‍රදේශය හෝ [[මහාද්වීපය]] ලෙස '''ආසියාව''' අර්ථ දැක්විය හැකිය. පාරම්පරිකව නිර්වචනය කර අැත්තෙ [[අප්‍රිකාව|අප්‍රිකාවේ]]-[[යූරෝආසියාව|යූරෝආසියාවේ]] [[ගොඩබිම|ගොඩබිම්]] කොටසක් ලෙසත්, යූරෝආසියාවේ බටහිරෙහි [[යුරෝපය]]ද , යුරෝපය - [[සුවස් ඇළ]]ට නෑගෙනහිරින්ද, [[යුරල් කඳු වැටිය|යුරල් කඳු වැටියට]] නැගෙනහිරින්ද, [[කෝකස කඳු වැටි්ය|කෝකස කඳු වැටි්යට]] දකුණින්ද, [[කැස්පියන් මුහුද|කැස්පියන්]] හා [[කළු මුහුද|කළු මුහුදුවලට]] දකුණින්ද පිහිටා ඇති පරිදිය. ලෝකයේ [[මිනිස් ජනගහනය|මිනිස් ජනගහනයෙන්]] 60%ක් පමණ ජීවත්වන්නේ ආසියාවේය.   ==නිරුක්ති විස්තරය== නිරුක්ති විස්තරය   ==අර්ථ දැක්වීම/පැහැදිලි කිරීම සහ මායිම්== අර්ථ දැක්වීම/පැහැදිලි කිරීම සහ මායිම් {{මහාද්වීපය}} {{ප්‍රදේශය}} [[Category:ආසියාව| ]] [[Category:මහාද්වීප]] [[frp:Asia]] [[nrm:Âsie]] [[zh-yue:亞洲]] [[af:Asië]] [[ar:آسيا]] [[an:Asia]] [[ast:Asia]] [[az:Asiya]] [[bg:Азия]] [[zh-min-nan:A-chiu]] [[bn:এশিয়া]] [[bs:Azija]] [[br:Azia]] [[ca:Àsia]] [[ceb:Asya]] [[chr:ᎠᏏᎠ]] [[cs:Asie]] [[cy:Asia]] [[da:Asien]] [[de:Asien]] [[et:Aasia]] [[el:Ασία]] [[en:Asia]] [[es:Asia]] [[eo:Azio]] [[eu:Asia]] [[fa:آسیا]] [[fo:Asia]] [[fr:Asie]] [[fy:Aazje]] [[ga:An Áise]] [[gl:Asia]] [[gu:એશિયા]] [[ko:아시아]] [[ht:Azi]] [[hi:एशिया]] [[hr:Azija]] [[io:Azia]] [[id:Asia]] [[ia:Asia]] [[is:Asía]] [[it:Asia]] [[he:אסיה]] [[kn:ಏಶ್ಯಾ]] [[ka:აზია (ქვეყნის ნაწილი)]] [[csb:Azëjô]] [[kw:Asi]] [[sw:Asia]] [[ku:Asya]] [[la:Asia]] [[lv:Āzija]] [[lt:Azija]] [[lb:Asien]] [[li:Azië]] [[jbo:zdotu'a]] [[hu:Ázsia]] [[mk:Азија]] [[mg:Azia]] [[mt:Asja]] [[ms:Asia]] [[mo:Асия]] [[my:အာရ္ဟတိုက္‌]] [[nl:Azië]] [[nds:Asien]] [[ja:アジア]] [[no:Asia]] [[nn:Asia]] [[oc:Asia]] [[os:Ази]] [[pl:Azja]] [[pt:Ásia]] [[ro:Asia]] [[ru:Азия]] [[se:Ásia]] [[sa:एशिया]] [[sh:Azija]]  [[simple:Asia]] [[sk:Ázia]] [[sl:Azija]] [[sr:Азија]] [[su:Asia]] [[fi:Aasia]] [[sv:Asien]] [[tl:Asya]] [[ta:ஆசியா]] [[th:ทวีปเอเชีย]] [[tk:Aziýa]] [[vi:Châu Á]] [[tpi:Asia]] [[tr:Asya]] [[uk:Азія]] [[war:Asya]] [[yi:אזיע]] [[zh:亚洲]] 5237 2006-04-22T13:53:22Z Ruwan 82 /* හැඳින්වීම */ [[Image:LocationAsia.png|thumb|280px|ආසියාව දැක්වෙන ලෝක සිතියමක්]] [[Image:Asia satellite orthographic.jpg|thumb|280px|ආසියාවේ රටවල් ඇතුළත් චන්‍ද්‍රිකා ඡායාවක්]]   ==හැඳින්වීම== විශාලතම හා ජනාකීර්ණතම ප්‍රදේශය හෝ [[මහාද්වීපය]] ලෙස '''ආසියාව''' අර්ථ දැක්විය හැකිය. පාරම්පරිකව නිර්වචනය කර අැත්තෙ [[අප්‍රිකාව|අප්‍රිකාවේ]]-[[යූරෝආසියාව|යූරෝආසියාවේ]] [[ගොඩබිම|ගොඩබිම්]] කොටසක් ලෙසත්, යූරෝආසියාවේ බටහිරෙහි [[යුරෝපය]]ද , යුරෝපය - [[සුවස් ඇළ]]ට නෑගෙනහිරින්ද, [[යුරල් කඳු වැටිය|යුරල් කඳු වැටියට]] නැගෙනහිරින්ද, [[කෝකස කඳු වැටි්ය|කෝකස කඳු වැටි්යට]] දකුණින්ද, [[කැස්පියන් මුහුද|කැස්පියන්]] හා [[කළු මුහුද|කළු මුහුදුවලට]] දකුණින්ද පිහිටා ඇති පරිදිය. ලෝකයේ [[මිනිස් ජනගහනය|මිනිස් ජනගහනයෙන්]] 60%ක් පමණ ජීවත්වන්නේ ආසියාවේය.   ==නිරුක්ති විස්තරය== නිරුක්ති විස්තරය   ==අර්ථ දැක්වීම/පැහැදිලි කිරීම සහ මායිම්== අර්ථ දැක්වීම/පැහැදිලි කිරීම සහ මායිම් {{මහාද්වීපය}} {{ප්‍රදේශය}} [[Category:ආසියාව| ]] [[Category:මහාද්වීප]] [[frp:Asia]] [[nrm:Âsie]] [[zh-yue:亞洲]] [[af:Asië]] [[ar:آسيا]] [[an:Asia]] [[ast:Asia]] [[az:Asiya]] [[bg:Азия]] [[zh-min-nan:A-chiu]] [[bn:এশিয়া]] [[bs:Azija]] [[br:Azia]] [[ca:Àsia]] [[ceb:Asya]] [[chr:ᎠᏏᎠ]] [[cs:Asie]] [[cy:Asia]] [[da:Asien]] [[de:Asien]] [[et:Aasia]] [[el:Ασία]] [[en:Asia]] [[es:Asia]] [[eo:Azio]] [[eu:Asia]] [[fa:آسیا]] [[fo:Asia]] [[fr:Asie]] [[fy:Aazje]] [[ga:An Áise]] [[gl:Asia]] [[gu:એશિયા]] [[ko:아시아]] [[ht:Azi]] [[hi:एशिया]] [[hr:Azija]] [[io:Azia]] [[id:Asia]] [[ia:Asia]] [[is:Asía]] [[it:Asia]] [[he:אסיה]] [[kn:ಏಶ್ಯಾ]] [[ka:აზია (ქვეყნის ნაწილი)]] [[csb:Azëjô]] [[kw:Asi]] [[sw:Asia]] [[ku:Asya]] [[la:Asia]] [[lv:Āzija]] [[lt:Azija]] [[lb:Asien]] [[li:Azië]] [[jbo:zdotu'a]] [[hu:Ázsia]] [[mk:Азија]] [[mg:Azia]] [[mt:Asja]] [[ms:Asia]] [[mo:Асия]] [[my:အာရ္ဟတိုက္‌]] [[nl:Azië]] [[nds:Asien]] [[ja:アジア]] [[no:Asia]] [[nn:Asia]] [[oc:Asia]] [[os:Ази]] [[pl:Azja]] [[pt:Ásia]] [[ro:Asia]] [[ru:Азия]] [[se:Ásia]] [[sa:एशिया]] [[sh:Azija]]  [[simple:Asia]] [[sk:Ázia]] [[sl:Azija]] [[sr:Азија]] [[su:Asia]] [[fi:Aasia]] [[sv:Asien]] [[tl:Asya]] [[ta:ஆசியா]] [[th:ทวีปเอเชีย]] [[tk:Aziýa]] [[vi:Châu Á]] [[tpi:Asia]] [[tr:Asya]] [[uk:Азія]] [[war:Asya]] [[yi:אזיע]] [[zh:亚洲]] 5238 2006-04-22T13:55:34Z Ruwan 82 ආසියාව [[Image:LocationAsia.png|thumb|280px|ආසියාව දැක්වෙන ලෝක සිතියමක්]] [[Image:Asia satellite orthographic.jpg|thumb|280px|ආසියාවේ රටවල් ඇතුළත් චන්‍ද්‍රිකා ඡායාවක්]]  ==හැඳින්වීම== විශාලතම හා ජනාකීර්ණතම ප්‍රදේශය හෝ [[මහාද්වීපය]] ලෙස '''ආසියාව''' අර්ථ දැක්විය හැකිය. පාරම්පරිකව නිර්වචනය කර අැත්තෙ [[අප්‍රිකාව|අප්‍රිකාවේ]]-[[යූරෝආසියාව|යූරෝආසියාවේ]] [[ගොඩබිම|ගොඩබිම්]] කොටසක් ලෙසත්, යූරෝආසියාවේ බටහිරෙහි [[යුරෝපය]]ද , යුරෝපය - [[සුවස් ඇළ]]ට නෑගෙනහිරින්ද, [[යුරල් කඳු වැටිය|යුරල් කඳු වැටියට]] නැගෙනහිරින්ද, [[කෝකස කඳු වැටි්ය|කෝකස කඳු වැටි්යට]] දකුණින්ද, [[කැස්පියන් මුහුද|කැස්පියන්]] හා [[කළු මුහුද|කළු මුහුදුවලට]] දකුණින්ද පිහිටා ඇති පරිදිය. ලෝකයේ [[මිනිස් ජනගහනය|මිනිස් ජනගහනයෙන්]] 60%ක් පමණ ජීවත්වන්නේ ආසියාවේය.   ==නිරුක්ති විස්තරය== නිරුක්ති විස්තරය   ==අර්ථ දැක්වීම/පැහැදිලි කිරීම සහ මායිම්== අර්ථ දැක්වීම/පැහැදිලි කිරීම සහ මායිම්  {{මහාද්වීපය}} {{ප්‍රදේශය}} [[Category:ආසියාව| ]] [[Category:මහාද්වීප]] [[frp:Asia]] [[nrm:Âsie]] [[zh-yue:亞洲]] [[af:Asië]] [[ar:آسيا]] [[an:Asia]] [[ast:Asia]] [[az:Asiya]] [[bg:Азия]] [[zh-min-nan:A-chiu]] [[bn:এশিয়া]] [[bs:Azija]] [[br:Azia]] [[ca:Àsia]] [[ceb:Asya]] [[chr:ᎠᏏᎠ]] [[cs:Asie]] [[cy:Asia]] [[da:Asien]] [[de:Asien]] [[et:Aasia]] [[el:Ασία]] [[en:Asia]] [[es:Asia]] [[eo:Azio]] [[eu:Asia]] [[fa:آسیا]] [[fo:Asia]] [[fr:Asie]] [[fy:Aazje]] [[ga:An Áise]] [[gl:Asia]] [[gu:એશિયા]] [[ko:아시아]] [[ht:Azi]] [[hi:एशिया]] [[hr:Azija]] [[io:Azia]] [[id:Asia]] [[ia:Asia]] [[is:Asía]] [[it:Asia]] [[he:אסיה]] [[kn:ಏಶ್ಯಾ]] [[ka:აზია (ქვეყნის ნაწილი)]] [[csb:Azëjô]] [[kw:Asi]] [[sw:Asia]] [[ku:Asya]] [[la:Asia]] [[lv:Āzija]] [[lt:Azija]] [[lb:Asien]] [[li:Azië]] [[jbo:zdotu'a]] [[hu:Ázsia]] [[mk:Азија]] [[mg:Azia]] [[mt:Asja]] [[ms:Asia]] [[mo:Асия]] [[my:အာရ္ဟတိုက္‌]] [[nl:Azië]] [[nds:Asien]] [[ja:アジア]] [[no:Asia]] [[nn:Asia]] [[oc:Asia]] [[os:Ази]] [[pl:Azja]] [[pt:Ásia]] [[ro:Asia]] [[ru:Азия]] [[se:Ásia]] [[sa:एशिया]] [[sh:Azija]]  [[simple:Asia]] [[sk:Ázia]] [[sl:Azija]] [[sr:Азија]] [[su:Asia]] [[fi:Aasia]] [[sv:Asien]] [[tl:Asya]] [[ta:ஆசியா]] [[th:ทวีปเอเชีย]] [[tk:Aziýa]] [[vi:Châu Á]] [[tpi:Asia]] [[tr:Asya]] [[uk:Азія]] [[war:Asya]] [[yi:אזיע]] [[zh:亚洲]] 5239 2006-04-22T13:59:38Z Ruwan 82 [[Image:LocationAsia.png|thumb|280px|ආසියාව දැක්වෙන ලෝක සිතියමක්]] [[Image:Asia satellite orthographic.jpg|thumb|280px|ආසියාවේ රටවල් ඇතුළත් චන්‍ද්‍රිකා ඡායාවක්]] ==හැඳින්වීම==  විශාලතම හා ජනාකීර්ණතම ප්‍රදේශය හෝ [[මහාද්වීපය]] ලෙස '''ආසියාව''' අර්ථ දැක්විය හැකිය. පාරම්පරිකව නිර්වචනය කර අැත්තෙ [[අප්‍රිකාව|අප්‍රිකාවේ]]-[[යූරෝආසියාව|යූරෝආසියාවේ]] [[ගොඩබිම|ගොඩබිම්]] කොටසක් ලෙසත්, යූරෝආසියාවේ බටහිරෙහි [[යුරෝපය]]ද , යුරෝපය - [[සුවස් ඇළ]]ට නෑගෙනහිරින්ද, [[යුරල් කඳු වැටිය|යුරල් කඳු වැටියට]] නැගෙනහිරින්ද, [[කෝකස කඳු වැටි්ය|කෝකස කඳු වැටි්යට]] දකුණින්ද, [[කැස්පියන් මුහුද|කැස්පියන්]] හා [[කළු මුහුද|කළු මුහුදුවලට]] දකුණින්ද පිහිටා ඇති පරිදිය. ලෝකයේ [[මිනිස් ජනගහනය|මිනිස් ජනගහනයෙන්]] 60%ක් පමණ ජීවත්වන්නේ ආසියාවේය.  ==නිරුක්ති විස්තරය==  නිරුක්ති විස්තරය  ==අර්ථ දැක්වීම/පැහැදිලි කිරීම සහ මායිම්==  අර්ථ දැක්වීම/පැහැදිලි කිරීම සහ මායිම්  {{මහාද්වීපය}} {{ප්‍රදේශය}} [[Category:ආසියාව| ]] [[Category:මහාද්වීප]] [[frp:Asia]] [[nrm:Âsie]] [[zh-yue:亞洲]] [[af:Asië]] [[ar:آسيا]] [[an:Asia]] [[ast:Asia]] [[az:Asiya]] [[bg:Азия]] [[zh-min-nan:A-chiu]] [[bn:এশিয়া]] [[bs:Azija]] [[br:Azia]] [[ca:Àsia]] [[ceb:Asya]] [[chr:ᎠᏏᎠ]] [[cs:Asie]] [[cy:Asia]] [[da:Asien]] [[de:Asien]] [[et:Aasia]] [[el:Ασία]] [[en:Asia]] [[es:Asia]] [[eo:Azio]] [[eu:Asia]] [[fa:آسیا]] [[fo:Asia]] [[fr:Asie]] [[fy:Aazje]] [[ga:An Áise]] [[gl:Asia]] [[gu:એશિયા]] [[ko:아시아]] [[ht:Azi]] [[hi:एशिया]] [[hr:Azija]] [[io:Azia]] [[id:Asia]] [[ia:Asia]] [[is:Asía]] [[it:Asia]] [[he:אסיה]] [[kn:ಏಶ್ಯಾ]] [[ka:აზია (ქვეყნის ნაწილი)]] [[csb:Azëjô]] [[kw:Asi]] [[sw:Asia]] [[ku:Asya]] [[la:Asia]] [[lv:Āzija]] [[lt:Azija]] [[lb:Asien]] [[li:Azië]] [[jbo:zdotu'a]] [[hu:Ázsia]] [[mk:Азија]] [[mg:Azia]] [[mt:Asja]] [[ms:Asia]] [[mo:Асия]] [[my:အာရ္ဟတိုက္‌]] [[nl:Azië]] [[nds:Asien]] [[ja:アジア]] [[no:Asia]] [[nn:Asia]] [[oc:Asia]] [[os:Ази]] [[pl:Azja]] [[pt:Ásia]] [[ro:Asia]] [[ru:Азия]] [[se:Ásia]] [[sa:एशिया]] [[sh:Azija]]  [[simple:Asia]] [[sk:Ázia]] [[sl:Azija]] [[sr:Азија]] [[su:Asia]] [[fi:Aasia]] [[sv:Asien]] [[tl:Asya]] [[ta:ஆசியா]] [[th:ทวีปเอเชีย]] [[tk:Aziýa]] [[vi:Châu Á]] [[tpi:Asia]] [[tr:Asya]] [[uk:Азія]] [[war:Asya]] [[yi:אזיע]] [[zh:亚洲]] 5520 2006-06-07T17:55:59Z 80.99.87.152 /* අර්ථ දැක්වීම/පැහැදිලි කිරීම සහ මායිම් */ [[Image:LocationAsia.png|thumb|280px|ආසියාව දැක්වෙන ලෝක සිතියමක්]] [[Image:Asia satellite orthographic.jpg|thumb|280px|ආසියාවේ රටවල් ඇතුළත් චන්‍ද්‍රිකා ඡායාවක්]] ==හැඳින්වීම==  විශාලතම හා ජනාකීර්ණතම ප්‍රදේශය හෝ [[මහාද්වීපය]] ලෙස '''ආසියාව''' අර්ථ දැක්විය හැකිය. පාරම්පරිකව නිර්වචනය කර අැත්තෙ [[අප්‍රිකාව|අප්‍රිකාවේ]]-[[යූරෝආසියාව|යූරෝආසියාවේ]] [[ගොඩබිම|ගොඩබිම්]] කොටසක් ලෙසත්, යූරෝආසියාවේ බටහිරෙහි [[යුරෝපය]]ද , යුරෝපය - [[සුවස් ඇළ]]ට නෑගෙනහිරින්ද, [[යුරල් කඳු වැටිය|යුරල් කඳු වැටියට]] නැගෙනහිරින්ද, [[කෝකස කඳු වැටි්ය|කෝකස කඳු වැටි්යට]] දකුණින්ද, [[කැස්පියන් මුහුද|කැස්පියන්]] හා [[කළු මුහුද|කළු මුහුදුවලට]] දකුණින්ද පිහිටා ඇති පරිදිය. ලෝකයේ [[මිනිස් ජනගහනය|මිනිස් ජනගහනයෙන්]] 60%ක් පමණ ජීවත්වන්නේ ආසියාවේය.  ==නිරුක්ති විස්තරය==  නිරුක්ති විස්තරය  ==අර්ථ දැක්වීම/පැහැදිලි කිරීම සහ මායිම්==  අර්ථ දැක්වීම/පැහැදිලි කිරීම සහ මායිම්  *[http://travelasia.awardspace.com Travel Asia Site] {{මහාද්වීපය}} {{ප්‍රදේශය}} [[Category:ආසියාව| ]] [[Category:මහාද්වීප]] [[frp:Asia]] [[nrm:Âsie]] [[zh-yue:亞洲]] [[af:Asië]] [[ar:آسيا]] [[an:Asia]] [[ast:Asia]] [[az:Asiya]] [[bg:Азия]] [[zh-min-nan:A-chiu]] [[bn:এশিয়া]] [[bs:Azija]] [[br:Azia]] [[ca:Àsia]] [[ceb:Asya]] [[chr:ᎠᏏᎠ]] [[cs:Asie]] [[cy:Asia]] [[da:Asien]] [[de:Asien]] [[et:Aasia]] [[el:Ασία]] [[en:Asia]] [[es:Asia]] [[eo:Azio]] [[eu:Asia]] [[fa:آسیا]] [[fo:Asia]] [[fr:Asie]] [[fy:Aazje]] [[ga:An Áise]] [[gl:Asia]] [[gu:એશિયા]] [[ko:아시아]] [[ht:Azi]] [[hi:एशिया]] [[hr:Azija]] [[io:Azia]] [[id:Asia]] [[ia:Asia]] [[is:Asía]] [[it:Asia]] [[he:אסיה]] [[kn:ಏಶ್ಯಾ]] [[ka:აზია (ქვეყნის ნაწილი)]] [[csb:Azëjô]] [[kw:Asi]] [[sw:Asia]] [[ku:Asya]] [[la:Asia]] [[lv:Āzija]] [[lt:Azija]] [[lb:Asien]] [[li:Azië]] [[jbo:zdotu'a]] [[hu:Ázsia]] [[mk:Азија]] [[mg:Azia]] [[mt:Asja]] [[ms:Asia]] [[mo:Асия]] [[my:အာရ္ဟတိုက္‌]] [[nl:Azië]] [[nds:Asien]] [[ja:アジア]] [[no:Asia]] [[nn:Asia]] [[oc:Asia]] [[os:Ази]] [[pl:Azja]] [[pt:Ásia]] [[ro:Asia]] [[ru:Азия]] [[se:Ásia]] [[sa:एशिया]] [[sh:Azija]]  [[simple:Asia]] [[sk:Ázia]] [[sl:Azija]] [[sr:Азија]] [[su:Asia]] [[fi:Aasia]] [[sv:Asien]] [[tl:Asya]] [[ta:ஆசியா]] [[th:ทวีปเอเชีย]] [[tk:Aziýa]] [[vi:Châu Á]] [[tpi:Asia]] [[tr:Asya]] [[uk:Азія]] [[war:Asya]] [[yi:אזיע]] [[zh:亚洲]] 5646 2006-06-20T06:04:18Z Ruwan 82 /* අර්ථ දැක්වීම/පැහැදිලි කිරීම සහ මායිම් */ [[Image:LocationAsia.png|thumb|280px|ආසියාව දැක්වෙන ලෝක සිතියමක්]] [[Image:Asia satellite orthographic.jpg|thumb|280px|ආසියාවේ රටවල් ඇතුළත් චන්‍ද්‍රිකා ඡායාවක්]] ==හැඳින්වීම==  විශාලතම හා ජනාකීර්ණතම ප්‍රදේශය හෝ [[මහාද්වීපය]] ලෙස '''ආසියාව''' අර්ථ දැක්විය හැකිය. පාරම්පරිකව නිර්වචනය කර අැත්තෙ [[අප්‍රිකාව|අප්‍රිකාවේ]]-[[යූරෝආසියාව|යූරෝආසියාවේ]] [[ගොඩබිම|ගොඩබිම්]] කොටසක් ලෙසත්, යූරෝආසියාවේ බටහිරෙහි [[යුරෝපය]]ද , යුරෝපය - [[සුවස් ඇළ]]ට නෑගෙනහිරින්ද, [[යුරල් කඳු වැටිය|යුරල් කඳු වැටියට]] නැගෙනහිරින්ද, [[කෝකස කඳු වැටි්ය|කෝකස කඳු වැටි්යට]] දකුණින්ද, [[කැස්පියන් මුහුද|කැස්පියන්]] හා [[කළු මුහුද|කළු මුහුදුවලට]] දකුණින්ද පිහිටා ඇති පරිදිය. ලෝකයේ [[මිනිස් ජනගහනය|මිනිස් ජනගහනයෙන්]] 60%ක් පමණ ජීවත්වන්නේ ආසියාවේය.  ==නිරුක්ති විස්තරය==  නිරුක්ති විස්තරය  ==අර්ථ දැක්වීම/පැහැදිලි කිරීම සහ මායිම්==  අර්ථ දැක්වීම/පැහැදිලි කිරීම සහ මායිම්  {{මහාද්වීපය}} {{ප්‍රදේශය}} [[Category:ආසියාව| ]] [[Category:මහාද්වීප]] [[frp:Asia]] [[nrm:Âsie]] [[zh-yue:亞洲]] [[af:Asië]] [[ar:آسيا]] [[an:Asia]] [[ast:Asia]] [[az:Asiya]] [[bg:Азия]] [[zh-min-nan:A-chiu]] [[bn:এশিয়া]] [[bs:Azija]] [[br:Azia]] [[ca:Àsia]] [[ceb:Asya]] [[chr:ᎠᏏᎠ]] [[cs:Asie]] [[cy:Asia]] [[da:Asien]] [[de:Asien]] [[et:Aasia]] [[el:Ασία]] [[en:Asia]] [[es:Asia]] [[eo:Azio]] [[eu:Asia]] [[fa:آسیا]] [[fo:Asia]] [[fr:Asie]] [[fy:Aazje]] [[ga:An Áise]] [[gl:Asia]] [[gu:એશિયા]] [[ko:아시아]] [[ht:Azi]] [[hi:एशिया]] [[hr:Azija]] [[io:Azia]] [[id:Asia]] [[ia:Asia]] [[is:Asía]] [[it:Asia]] [[he:אסיה]] [[kn:ಏಶ್ಯಾ]] [[ka:აზია (ქვეყნის ნაწილი)]] [[csb:Azëjô]] [[kw:Asi]] [[sw:Asia]] [[ku:Asya]] [[la:Asia]] [[lv:Āzija]] [[lt:Azija]] [[lb:Asien]] [[li:Azië]] [[jbo:zdotu'a]] [[hu:Ázsia]] [[mk:Азија]] [[mg:Azia]] [[mt:Asja]] [[ms:Asia]] [[mo:Асия]] [[my:အာရ္ဟတိုက္‌]] [[nl:Azië]] [[nds:Asien]] [[ja:アジア]] [[no:Asia]] [[nn:Asia]] [[oc:Asia]] [[os:Ази]] [[pl:Azja]] [[pt:Ásia]] [[ro:Asia]] [[ru:Азия]] [[se:Ásia]] [[sa:एशिया]] [[sh:Azija]]  [[simple:Asia]] [[sk:Ázia]] [[sl:Azija]] [[sr:Азија]] [[su:Asia]] [[fi:Aasia]] [[sv:Asien]] [[tl:Asya]] [[ta:ஆசியா]] [[th:ทวีปเอเชีย]] [[tk:Aziýa]] [[vi:Châu Á]] [[tpi:Asia]] [[tr:Asya]] [[uk:Азія]] [[war:Asya]] [[yi:אזיע]] [[zh:亚洲]] User:සසක්ති අබේසිංහ 1798 5093 2006-04-21T01:24:02Z Sasakthi 84 == Sasakthi Senanayaka Abeysinghe == Hi fellow Wikipedians! [[Image:Head.jpg]] I'm currently a Doctoral Student at the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at the [[Washington University in St. Louis]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis], [[United States]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States]. I schooled at [[Royal College, Colombo]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_College%2C_Colombo], [[Sri Lanka]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lanka] and did my Undergrads at the [[Informatics Institute of Technology]] / [[Manchester Metropolitan University]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester_Metropolitan_University]. * Email / MSN Messenger : sasakthi@gmail.com * AIM / Yahoo : sasakthi * URL : [http://userfs.cec.wustl.edu/~ssa1/] 5095 2006-04-21T01:25:29Z Sasakthi 84 == Sasakthi Senanayaka Abeysinghe == Hi fellow Wikipedians! [[Image:Sasakthi_Abeysinghe.jpg]] I'm currently a Doctoral Student at the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at the [[Washington University in St. Louis]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis], [[United States]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States]. I schooled at [[Royal College, Colombo]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_College%2C_Colombo], [[Sri Lanka]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lanka] and did my Undergrads at the [[Informatics Institute of Technology]] / [[Manchester Metropolitan University]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester_Metropolitan_University]. * Email / MSN Messenger : sasakthi@gmail.com * AIM / Yahoo : sasakthi * URL : [http://userfs.cec.wustl.edu/~ssa1/] 5096 2006-04-21T01:27:30Z Sasakthi 84 Information on Sasakthi Senanayaka Abeysinghe == Sasakthi Senanayaka Abeysinghe == Hi fellow Wikipedians! [[Image:Sasakthi_Abeysinghe.jpg]] I'm currently a Doctoral Student at the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at the [[Washington University in St. Louis]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis], [[United States]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States]. I schooled at [[Royal College, Colombo]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_College%2C_Colombo], [[Sri Lanka]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lanka] and did my Undergrads at the [[Informatics Institute of Technology]] / [[Manchester Metropolitan University]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester_Metropolitan_University]. * Email / MSN Messenger : sasakthi@gmail.com * AIM / Yahoo : sasakthi * URL : http://userfs.cec.wustl.edu/~ssa1/[http://userfs.cec.wustl.edu/~ssa1/] 5097 2006-04-21T01:28:02Z Sasakthi 84 /* Sasakthi Senanayaka Abeysinghe */ == Sasakthi Senanayaka Abeysinghe == Hi fellow Wikipedians! [[Image:Sasakthi_Abeysinghe.jpg]] I'm currently a Doctoral Student at the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at the [[Washington University in St. Louis]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis], [[United States]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States]. I schooled at [[Royal College, Colombo]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_College%2C_Colombo], [[Sri Lanka]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lanka] and did my Undergrads at the [[Informatics Institute of Technology]] / [[Manchester Metropolitan University]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester_Metropolitan_University]. * Email / MSN Messenger : sasakthi@gmail.com * AIM / Yahoo : sasakthi * URL : http://userfs.cec.wustl.edu/~ssa1/ 5098 2006-04-21T01:34:08Z Sasakthi 84 /* Sasakthi Senanayaka Abeysinghe */ == Sasakthi Senanayaka Abeysinghe == Hi fellow Wikipedians! [[Image:Sasakthi_Abeysinghe.jpg]] I'm currently a Doctoral Student at the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at the [[Washington University in St. Louis]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis], [[United States]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States]. I schooled at [[Royal College, Colombo]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_College%2C_Colombo], [[Sri Lanka]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lanka] and did my Undergrads at the [[Informatics Institute of Technology]] / [[Manchester Metropolitan University]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester_Metropolitan_University]. * Email / MSN Messenger : sasakthi AT gmail DOT com * AIM / Yahoo : sasakthi * URL : http://userfs.cec.wustl.edu/~ssa1/ 5099 2006-04-21T17:53:20Z Sasakthi 84 == සසක්ති සේනානායක අබේසිංහ == Hi fellow Wikipedians! [[Image:Sasakthi_Abeysinghe.jpg]] I'm currently a Doctoral Student at the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at the [[Washington University in St. Louis]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis], [[United States]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States]. I schooled at [[Royal College, Colombo]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_College%2C_Colombo], [[Sri Lanka]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lanka] and did my Undergrads at the [[Informatics Institute of Technology]] / [[Manchester Metropolitan University]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester_Metropolitan_University]. * Email / MSN Messenger : sasakthi AT gmail DOT com * AIM / Yahoo : sasakthi * URL : http://userfs.cec.wustl.edu/~ssa1/ 5100 2006-04-21T17:54:55Z Sasakthi 84 [[User:Sasakthi]] moved to [[User:සසක්ති අබේසිංහ]]: Translated to Sinhalese == සසක්ති සේනානායක අබේසිංහ == Hi fellow Wikipedians! [[Image:Sasakthi_Abeysinghe.jpg]] I'm currently a Doctoral Student at the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at the [[Washington University in St. Louis]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis], [[United States]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States]. I schooled at [[Royal College, Colombo]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_College%2C_Colombo], [[Sri Lanka]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lanka] and did my Undergrads at the [[Informatics Institute of Technology]] / [[Manchester Metropolitan University]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester_Metropolitan_University]. * Email / MSN Messenger : sasakthi AT gmail DOT com * AIM / Yahoo : sasakthi * URL : http://userfs.cec.wustl.edu/~ssa1/ 5102 2006-04-21T18:00:12Z Sasakthi 84 == සසක්ති සේනානායක අබේසිංහ == ආයුබෝවන්! [[Image:Sasakthi_Abeysinghe.jpg]] I'm currently a Doctoral Student at the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at the [[Washington University in St. Louis]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis], [[United States]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States]. I schooled at [[Royal College, Colombo]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_College%2C_Colombo], [[Sri Lanka]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lanka] and did my Undergrads at the [[Informatics Institute of Technology]] / [[Manchester Metropolitan University]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester_Metropolitan_University]. * Email / MSN Messenger : sasakthi AT gmail DOT com * AIM / Yahoo : sasakthi * URL : http://userfs.cec.wustl.edu/~ssa1/ --[[User:Sasakthi|Sasakthi]] 18:00, 21 April 2006 (UTC) 5103 2006-04-21T18:08:40Z Sasakthi 84 == සසක්ති සේනානායක අබේසිංහ == [[Image:Sasakthi_Abeysinghe.jpg]] ආයුබෝවන්! මම දැනට [[ඇමරිකාව]]ේ[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States] [[Washington University in St. Louis]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis] I'm currently a Doctoral Student at the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at the , [[United States]]. I schooled at [[Royal College, Colombo]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_College%2C_Colombo], [[Sri Lanka]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lanka] and did my Undergrads at the [[Informatics Institute of Technology]] / [[Manchester Metropolitan University]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester_Metropolitan_University]. * Email / MSN Messenger : sasakthi AT gmail DOT com * AIM / Yahoo : sasakthi * URL : http://userfs.cec.wustl.edu/~ssa1/ --[[User:Sasakthi|Sasakthi]] 18:00, 21 April 2006 (UTC) 5104 2006-04-21T18:20:09Z Sasakthi 84 Translated to sinhalese == සසක්ති සේනානායක අබේසිංහ == [[Image:Sasakthi_Abeysinghe.jpg]] ආයුබෝවන්! මම දැනට [[ඇමරිකාවේ]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States] [[Washington University in St. Louis]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis] සරසවියේ පරිඝනක විද්‍යා දෙපාර්තමේන්තුවේ පශ්චාත් උපාධි වැඩසටහනේ ඉගෙනුම ලබමි. * Email / MSN Messenger : sasakthi AT gmail DOT com * AIM / Yahoo : sasakthi * වෙබී අඩවිය : http://userfs.cec.wustl.edu/~ssa1/ --[[User:සසක්ති අබේසිංහ|සසක්ති අබේසිංහ]] 18:00, 21 April 2006 (UTC) 5105 2006-04-21T18:20:43Z Sasakthi 84 == සසක්ති සේනානායක අබේසිංහ == [[Image:Sasakthi_Abeysinghe.jpg]] ආයුබෝවන්! මම දැනට [[ඇමරිකාවේ]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States] [[Washington University in St. Louis]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis] සරසවියේ පරිඝනක විද්‍යා දෙපාර්තමේන්තුවේ පශ්චාත් උපාධි වැඩසටහනේ ඉගෙනුම ලබමි. * Email / MSN Messenger : sasakthi AT gmail DOT com * AIM / Yahoo : sasakthi * වෙබී අඩවිය : http://userfs.cec.wustl.edu/~ssa1/ --[[User:Sasakthi|Sasakthi]] 18:20, 21 April 2006 (UTC) 5106 2006-04-21T18:21:02Z Sasakthi 84 == සසක්ති සේනානායක අබේසිංහ == [[Image:Sasakthi_Abeysinghe.jpg]] ආයුබෝවන්! මම දැනට [[ඇමරිකාවේ]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States] [[Washington University in St. Louis]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis] සරසවියේ පරිඝනක විද්‍යා දෙපාර්තමේන්තුවේ පශ්චාත් උපාධි වැඩසටහනේ ඉගෙනුම ලබමි. * Email / MSN Messenger : sasakthi AT gmail DOT com * AIM / Yahoo : sasakthi * වෙබී අඩවිය : http://userfs.cec.wustl.edu/~ssa1/ 5110 2006-04-22T00:04:10Z Sasakthi 84 /* සසක්ති සේනානායක අබේසිංහ */ == සසක්ති සේනානායක අබේසිංහ == [[Image:Sasakthi_Abeysinghe.jpg]] ආයුබෝවන්! මම දැනට [[ඇමරිකාව|ඇමරිකාවේ]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States] [[Washington University in St. Louis]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis] සරසවියේ පරිඝනක විද්‍යා දෙපාර්තමේන්තුවේ පශ්චාත් උපාධි වැඩසටහනේ ඉගෙනුම ලබමි. * Email / MSN Messenger : sasakthi AT gmail DOT com * AIM / Yahoo : sasakthi * වෙබී අඩවිය : http://userfs.cec.wustl.edu/~ssa1/ Image:Sasakthi Abeysinghe.jpg 1799 5094 2006-04-21T01:25:07Z Sasakthi 84 A picture of Sasakthi Abeysinghe. A picture of Sasakthi Abeysinghe. User:Sasakthi 1800 5101 2006-04-21T17:54:55Z Sasakthi 84 [[User:Sasakthi]] moved to [[User:සසක්ති අබේසිංහ]]: Translated to Sinhalese #REDIRECT [[User:සසක්ති අබේසිංහ]] සිංහල අක්ෂර 1801 5131 2006-04-22T04:25:09Z Sasakthi 84 Translated to Sinhala සිංහල භාෂාව ලිවීමට '''සිංහල අක්ෂර''' භාවිතා කරයි. සිංහල [[බ්‍රාහ්මීය අක්ෂර]] [[අබුගිඩා]] වලින් පැවත එන නමුත්, වෙනත් බ්‍රාහ්මීය අක්ෂර සමග සසඳන විට විශාල වෙනස්කම් දක්වයි. මෙම හේතුව නිසා සිංහල [[යුනිකෝඩ්]] පිටුව අනෙක් අක්ෂර වල යුනිකෝඩ් පිටු වලට වෙනස් වෙයි. == සිංහල යුනිකෝඩ් පිටුව == සිංහල [[යුනිකෝඩ්]] පරාසය U+0D80 ... U+0DFF වෙයි. {| |- align="center" | || ||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- align="center" |D80|| ||඀||ඁ||ං||ඃ||඄||අ||ආ||ඇ||ඈ||ඉ||ඊ||උ||ඌ||ඍ||ඎ||ඏ |- align="center" |D90|| ||ඐ||එ||ඒ||ඓ||ඔ||ඕ||ඖ||඗||඘||඙||ක||ඛ||ග||ඝ||ඞ||ඟ |- align="center" |DA0|| ||ච||ඡ||ජ||ඣ||ඤ||ඥ||ඦ||ට||ඨ||ඩ||ඪ||ණ||ඬ||ත||ථ||ද |- align="center" |DB0|| ||ධ||න||඲||ඳ||ප||ඵ||බ||භ||ම||ඹ||ය||ර||඼||ල||඾||඿ |- align="center" |DC0|| ||ව||ශ||ෂ||ස||හ||ළ||ෆ||෇||෈||෉||්||෋||෌||෍||෎||ා |- align="center" |DD0|| ||ැ||ෑ||ි||ී||ු||෕||ූ||෗||ෘ||ෙ||ේ||ෛ||ො||ෝ||ෞ||ෟ |- align="center" |DE0|| ||෠||෡||෢||෣||෤||෥||෦||෧||෨||෩||෪||෫||෬||෭||෮||෯ |- align="center" |DF0|| ||෰||෱||ෲ||ෳ||෴||෵||෶||෷||෸||෹||෺||෻||෼||෽||෾||෿ |} == අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු == *[http://www.ceylon-online.com/sinhala_sign_page.html සිංහල හෝඩිය] *[http://www.omniglot.com/writing/sinhala.htm Omniglot සිංහල පිටුව] [[Category:Abugida writing systems]] [[br:Skritur sinhalek]] [[de:Singhalesische Schrift]] [[zh:僧伽罗字母]] 5132 2006-04-22T04:27:25Z Sasakthi 84 සිංහල භාෂාව ලිවීමට '''සිංහල අක්ෂර''' භාවිතා කරයි. සිංහල [[බ්‍රාහ්මීය අක්ෂර]] [[අබුගිඩා]] වලින් පැවත එන නමුත්, වෙනත් බ්‍රාහ්මීය අක්ෂර සමග සසඳන විට විශාල වෙනස්කම් දක්වයි. මෙම හේතුව නිසා සිංහල [[යුනිකෝඩ්]] පිටුව අනෙක් අක්ෂර වල යුනිකෝඩ් පිටු වලට වෙනස් වෙයි. == සිංහල යුනිකෝඩ් පිටුව == සිංහල [[යුනිකෝඩ්]] පරාසය U+0D80 ... U+0DFF වෙයි. {| |- align="center" | || ||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- align="center" |D80|| ||඀||ඁ||ං||ඃ||඄||අ||ආ||ඇ||ඈ||ඉ||ඊ||උ||ඌ||ඍ||ඎ||ඏ |- align="center" |D90|| ||ඐ||එ||ඒ||ඓ||ඔ||ඕ||ඖ||඗||඘||඙||ක||ඛ||ග||ඝ||ඞ||ඟ |- align="center" |DA0|| ||ච||ඡ||ජ||ඣ||ඤ||ඥ||ඦ||ට||ඨ||ඩ||ඪ||ණ||ඬ||ත||ථ||ද |- align="center" |DB0|| ||ධ||න||඲||ඳ||ප||ඵ||බ||භ||ම||ඹ||ය||ර||඼||ල||඾||඿ |- align="center" |DC0|| ||ව||ශ||ෂ||ස||හ||ළ||ෆ||෇||෈||෉||්||෋||෌||෍||෎||ා |- align="center" |DD0|| ||ැ||ෑ||ි||ී||ු||෕||ූ||෗||ෘ||ෙ||ේ||ෛ||ො||ෝ||ෞ||ෟ |- align="center" |DE0|| ||෠||෡||෢||෣||෤||෥||෦||෧||෨||෩||෪||෫||෬||෭||෮||෯ |- align="center" |DF0|| ||෰||෱||ෲ||ෳ||෴||෵||෶||෷||෸||෹||෺||෻||෼||෽||෾||෿ |} == අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු == *[http://www.ceylon-online.com/sinhala_sign_page.html සිංහල හෝඩිය] *[http://www.omniglot.com/writing/sinhala.htm Omniglot සිංහල පිටුව] [[Category:අබුගිඩා ලේඛන භාෂා]] [[br:Skritur sinhalek]] [[de:Singhalesische Schrift]] [[zh:僧伽罗字母]] Template:Infobox Language 1802 5135 2006-04-22T04:37:59Z Sasakthi 84 Creating the Infobox Language {| class="infobox bordered" style="width: 300px;" ! colspan="3" style="text-align: center; font-size:110%; color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}}; background-color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}} }};" |{{{name|Instructions at [[Template talk:Infobox Language]]}}} {{#if: {{{nativename|}}} | {{{nativename|}}}}}{{#if: {{{image|}}} |{{Infobox Language/image|{{{caption|}}}|{{{image|}}}}} }}{{#if: {{{pronunciation|}}} |{{Infobox Language/pronunciation|{{{pronunciation|}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |Created by |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |Signed |Spoken}} in}}: | colspan="{{#if: {{{date|}}} |1 |2}}" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |{{{creator|—}}}{{#if: {{{date|}}} |{{Infobox Language/creationdate|{{{date}}}}} }} |{{{states|{{{region|—}}}}}}}}{{#if: {{boolxor |{{{states|}}} |{{{region|}}}}} | |{{Infobox Language/statesregion |{{{creator|}}} |{{{setting|}}} |{{{familycolor|}}} |{{{region|—}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{extinct|}}} |[[Extinct language|Language extinction]] |Total {{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |signers |speakers}}}}: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{extinct|}}} |{{{extinct}}} |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |{{{signers|—}}} |{{{speakers|—}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{rank|}}} |{{Infobox Language/rank|{{{rank|}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |Category (purpose) |[[Language family]]}}: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em; text-align: left;" | {{{family|{{{fam1|{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |''unknown'' |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |[[constructed language]] |{{Infobox Language/genetic|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{fam2|}}} |  {{{fam2|}}}   {{#if: {{{fam3|}}} |{{{fam3|}}}    {{#if: {{{fam4|}}} |{{{fam4|}}}     {{#if: {{{fam5|}}} |{{{fam5|}}}      {{#if: {{{fam6|}}} |{{{fam6|}}}       {{#if: {{{fam7|}}} |{{{fam7|}}}        {{#if: {{{fam8|}}} |{{{fam8|}}}         {{#if: {{{fam9|}}} |{{{fam9|}}}          {{#if: {{{fam10|}}} |{{{fam10|}}}           {{#if: {{{fam11|}}} |{{{fam11|}}}            {{#if: {{{fam12|}}} |{{{fam12|}}}             {{#if: {{{fam13|}}} |{{{fam13|}}}              {{#if: {{{fam14|}}} |{{{fam14|}}}               {{#if: {{{fam15|}}} |{{{fam15|}}}                '''{{{name|}}}''' |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |{{#if: {{booland |{{{name|}}} |{{boolnot|{{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}} |silver}}}}}} |'''  {{{name|}}}}}'''}}}}}{{#if: {{{script|}}} |{{Infobox Language/script|{{{script}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{posteriori|}}} |{{Infobox Language/aposteriori|{{{posteriori}}}}}}}{{#if: {{booland |{{{agency|}}} |{{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}} |black}}}} |{{Infobox Language/agency|{{{agency}}}}} |{{#if: {{{nation|}}}{{{agency|}}} |{{Infobox Language/official |1={{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}} |2={{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}} |3={{{nation|''none''}}} |4={{{agency|''no official regulation''}}}}}}}}} |- ! colspan="3" style="text-align: center; color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}}; background-color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}};" |Language codes |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-1]]: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{iso1|}}} |<tt>{{{iso1}}}</tt> |''none''}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-2]]: | colspan="{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |1 |2}}" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |<tt>{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |{{{iso2b|{{{iso2|—}}}}}} (B) |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |{{{iso2|sgn}}} |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |{{{iso2|art}}} |{{{iso2|to be added}}}}}}}}}</tt>{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |{{Infobox Language/terminological|{{{iso2t|{{{iso2|}}}}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-3|ISO/DIS 639-3]]: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{booland |{{{lc1|}}} |{{{lc2|}}}}} |{{#if: {{{lc3|}}} |variously |either}}:{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc1|}}}|{{{ld1|}}}|{{{ll1|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc2|}}}|{{{ld2|}}}|{{{ll2|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc3|}}}|{{{ld3|}}}|{{{ll3|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc4|}}}|{{{ld4|}}}|{{{ll4|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc5|}}}|{{{ld5|}}}|{{{ll5|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc6|}}}|{{{ld6|}}}|{{{ll6|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc7|}}}|{{{ld7|}}}|{{{ll7|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc8|}}}|{{{ld8|}}}|{{{ll8|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc9|}}}|{{{ld9|}}}|{{{ll9|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc10|}}}|{{{ld10|}}}|{{{ll10|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc11|}}}|{{{ld11|}}}|{{{ll11|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc12|}}}|{{{ld12|}}}|{{{ll12|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc13|}}}|{{{ld13|}}}|{{{ll13|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc14|}}}|{{{ld14|}}}|{{{ll14|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc15|}}}|{{{ld15|}}}|{{{ll15|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc16|}}}|{{{ld16|}}}|{{{ll16|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc17|}}}|{{{ld17|}}}|{{{ll17|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc18|}}}|{{{ld18|}}}|{{{ll18|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc19|}}}|{{{ld19|}}}|{{{ll19|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc20|}}}|{{{ld20|}}}|{{{ll20|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc21|}}}|{{{ld21|}}}|{{{ll21|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc22|}}}|{{{ld22|}}}|{{{ll22|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc23|}}}|{{{ld23|}}}|{{{ll23|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc24|}}}|{{{ld24|}}}|{{{ll24|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc25|}}}|{{{ld25|}}}|{{{ll25|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc26|}}}|{{{ld26|}}}|{{{ll26|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc27|}}}|{{{ld27|}}}|{{{ll27|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc28|}}}|{{{ld28|}}}|{{{ll28|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc29|}}}|{{{ld29|}}}|{{{ll29|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc30|}}}|{{{ld30|}}}|{{{ll30|}}}}} |{{#if: {{{lc1|}}} |<tt>[http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{lc1}}} {{{lc1}}}]</tt> — {{#if: {{{ll1|}}} |{{#if: {{booleq|{{{ll1|}}}|none}} |{{{ld1|}}} |[[{{{ll1}}}|{{{ld1|}}}]]}} |[[{{{ld1|}}}]]}} |{{#if: {{{iso3|}}} |{{#if: {{booleq|{{{iso3|}}}|none}} |''none'' |<tt>[http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{iso3}}} {{{iso3}}}]</tt>}} |—}}}}}}{{#if: {{{map|}}} |{{Infobox Language/map|{{{map|}}}}}}}{{Infobox Language/{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |signnotice |{{{notice|IPA notice}}}}}}} |}<noinclude> {{clear}} {{esoteric}} [[Category:Internal link templates|Infobox Language]] [[ca:Template:Llengua]] [[de:Vorlage:Infobox Sprache]] [[eo:Ŝablono:Informkesto lingvo]] [[es:Plantilla:Idioma]] [[fi:Malline:Kieli]] [[fr:Modèle:Langue]] [[fy:Berjocht:Taaltabel]] [[hu:Sablon:Nyelv]] [[ilo:Template:Pagsasao]] [[io:Template:Linguo]] [[it:Template:lingua]] [[ja:Template:言語]] [[ko:Template:언어]] [[la:Formula:Lingua]] [[li:Sjabloon:Taal]] [[pl:Szablon:Język]] [[pt:Predefinição:Língua]] [[sl:Template:Language]] [[sv:Mall:språk]] [[th:Template:กล่องข้อมูล ภาษา]] [[tr:Şablon:Dil]] [[tt:Template:Tel]] [[vi:Tiêu bản:Tóm tắt về ngôn ngữ]] [[zh:Template:Infobox Language]] [[Category:Templates using ParserFunctions|{{PAGENAME}}]] </noinclude> 5197 2006-04-22T05:55:46Z Sasakthi 84 {| class="infobox bordered" style="width: 300px;text-align: center;" ! colspan="3" style="text-align: center; font-size:110%; color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}}; background-color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}} }};" |{{{name|Instructions at [[Template talk:Infobox Language]]}}} {{#if: {{{nativename|}}} | {{{nativename|}}}}}{{#if: {{{image|}}} |{{Infobox Language/image|{{{caption|}}}|{{{image|}}}}} }}{{#if: {{{pronunciation|}}} |{{Infobox Language/pronunciation|{{{pronunciation|}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |Created by |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |Signed |Spoken}} in}}: | colspan="{{#if: {{{date|}}} |1 |2}}" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |{{{creator|—}}}{{#if: {{{date|}}} |{{Infobox Language/creationdate|{{{date}}}}} }} |{{{states|{{{region|—}}}}}}}}{{#if: {{boolxor |{{{states|}}} |{{{region|}}}}} | |{{Infobox Language/statesregion |{{{creator|}}} |{{{setting|}}} |{{{familycolor|}}} |{{{region|—}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{extinct|}}} |[[Extinct language|Language extinction]] |Total {{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |signers |speakers}}}}: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{extinct|}}} |{{{extinct}}} |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |{{{signers|—}}} |{{{speakers|—}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{rank|}}} |{{Infobox Language/rank|{{{rank|}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |Category (purpose) |[[Language family]]}}: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em; text-align: left;" | {{{family|{{{fam1|{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |''unknown'' |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |[[constructed language]] |{{Infobox Language/genetic|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{fam2|}}} |  {{{fam2|}}}   {{#if: {{{fam3|}}} |{{{fam3|}}}    {{#if: {{{fam4|}}} |{{{fam4|}}}     {{#if: {{{fam5|}}} |{{{fam5|}}}      {{#if: {{{fam6|}}} |{{{fam6|}}}       {{#if: {{{fam7|}}} |{{{fam7|}}}        {{#if: {{{fam8|}}} |{{{fam8|}}}         {{#if: {{{fam9|}}} |{{{fam9|}}}          {{#if: {{{fam10|}}} |{{{fam10|}}}           {{#if: {{{fam11|}}} |{{{fam11|}}}            {{#if: {{{fam12|}}} |{{{fam12|}}}             {{#if: {{{fam13|}}} |{{{fam13|}}}              {{#if: {{{fam14|}}} |{{{fam14|}}}               {{#if: {{{fam15|}}} |{{{fam15|}}}                '''{{{name|}}}''' |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |{{#if: {{booland |{{{name|}}} |{{boolnot|{{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}} |silver}}}}}} |'''  {{{name|}}}}}'''}}}}}{{#if: {{{script|}}} |{{Infobox Language/script|{{{script}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{posteriori|}}} |{{Infobox Language/aposteriori|{{{posteriori}}}}}}}{{#if: {{booland |{{{agency|}}} |{{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}} |black}}}} |{{Infobox Language/agency|{{{agency}}}}} |{{#if: {{{nation|}}}{{{agency|}}} |{{Infobox Language/official |1={{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}} |2={{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}} |3={{{nation|''none''}}} |4={{{agency|''no official regulation''}}}}}}}}} |- ! colspan="3" style="text-align: center; color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}}; background-color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}};" |Language codes |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-1]]: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{iso1|}}} |<tt>{{{iso1}}}</tt> |''none''}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-2]]: | colspan="{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |1 |2}}" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |<tt>{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |{{{iso2b|{{{iso2|—}}}}}} (B) |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |{{{iso2|sgn}}} |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |{{{iso2|art}}} |{{{iso2|to be added}}}}}}}}}</tt>{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |{{Infobox Language/terminological|{{{iso2t|{{{iso2|}}}}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-3|ISO/DIS 639-3]]: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{booland |{{{lc1|}}} |{{{lc2|}}}}} |{{#if: {{{lc3|}}} |variously |either}}:{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc1|}}}|{{{ld1|}}}|{{{ll1|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc2|}}}|{{{ld2|}}}|{{{ll2|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc3|}}}|{{{ld3|}}}|{{{ll3|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc4|}}}|{{{ld4|}}}|{{{ll4|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc5|}}}|{{{ld5|}}}|{{{ll5|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc6|}}}|{{{ld6|}}}|{{{ll6|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc7|}}}|{{{ld7|}}}|{{{ll7|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc8|}}}|{{{ld8|}}}|{{{ll8|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc9|}}}|{{{ld9|}}}|{{{ll9|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc10|}}}|{{{ld10|}}}|{{{ll10|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc11|}}}|{{{ld11|}}}|{{{ll11|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc12|}}}|{{{ld12|}}}|{{{ll12|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc13|}}}|{{{ld13|}}}|{{{ll13|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc14|}}}|{{{ld14|}}}|{{{ll14|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc15|}}}|{{{ld15|}}}|{{{ll15|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc16|}}}|{{{ld16|}}}|{{{ll16|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc17|}}}|{{{ld17|}}}|{{{ll17|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc18|}}}|{{{ld18|}}}|{{{ll18|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc19|}}}|{{{ld19|}}}|{{{ll19|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc20|}}}|{{{ld20|}}}|{{{ll20|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc21|}}}|{{{ld21|}}}|{{{ll21|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc22|}}}|{{{ld22|}}}|{{{ll22|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc23|}}}|{{{ld23|}}}|{{{ll23|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc24|}}}|{{{ld24|}}}|{{{ll24|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc25|}}}|{{{ld25|}}}|{{{ll25|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc26|}}}|{{{ld26|}}}|{{{ll26|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc27|}}}|{{{ld27|}}}|{{{ll27|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc28|}}}|{{{ld28|}}}|{{{ll28|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc29|}}}|{{{ld29|}}}|{{{ll29|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc30|}}}|{{{ld30|}}}|{{{ll30|}}}}} |{{#if: {{{lc1|}}} |<tt>[http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{lc1}}} {{{lc1}}}]</tt> — {{#if: {{{ll1|}}} |{{#if: {{booleq|{{{ll1|}}}|none}} |{{{ld1|}}} |[[{{{ll1}}}|{{{ld1|}}}]]}} |[[{{{ld1|}}}]]}} |{{#if: {{{iso3|}}} |{{#if: {{booleq|{{{iso3|}}}|none}} |''none'' |<tt>[http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{iso3}}} {{{iso3}}}]</tt>}} |—}}}}}}{{#if: {{{map|}}} |{{Infobox Language/map|{{{map|}}}}}}}{{Infobox Language/{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |signnotice |{{{notice|IPA notice}}}}}}} |}<noinclude> {{clear}} {{esoteric}} [[Category:Internal link templates|Infobox Language]] [[ca:Template:Llengua]] [[de:Vorlage:Infobox Sprache]] [[eo:Ŝablono:Informkesto lingvo]] [[es:Plantilla:Idioma]] [[fi:Malline:Kieli]] [[fr:Modèle:Langue]] [[fy:Berjocht:Taaltabel]] [[hu:Sablon:Nyelv]] [[ilo:Template:Pagsasao]] [[io:Template:Linguo]] [[it:Template:lingua]] [[ja:Template:言語]] [[ko:Template:언어]] [[la:Formula:Lingua]] [[li:Sjabloon:Taal]] [[pl:Szablon:Język]] [[pt:Predefinição:Língua]] [[sl:Template:Language]] [[sv:Mall:språk]] [[th:Template:กล่องข้อมูล ภาษา]] [[tr:Şablon:Dil]] [[tt:Template:Tel]] [[vi:Tiêu bản:Tóm tắt về ngôn ngữ]] [[zh:Template:Infobox Language]] [[Category:Templates using ParserFunctions|{{PAGENAME}}]] </noinclude> 5198 2006-04-22T05:55:58Z Sasakthi 84 {| class="infobox bordered" style="width: 300px;text-align: right;" ! colspan="3" style="text-align: center; font-size:110%; color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}}; background-color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}} }};" |{{{name|Instructions at [[Template talk:Infobox Language]]}}} {{#if: {{{nativename|}}} | {{{nativename|}}}}}{{#if: {{{image|}}} |{{Infobox Language/image|{{{caption|}}}|{{{image|}}}}} }}{{#if: {{{pronunciation|}}} |{{Infobox Language/pronunciation|{{{pronunciation|}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |Created by |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |Signed |Spoken}} in}}: | colspan="{{#if: {{{date|}}} |1 |2}}" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |{{{creator|—}}}{{#if: {{{date|}}} |{{Infobox Language/creationdate|{{{date}}}}} }} |{{{states|{{{region|—}}}}}}}}{{#if: {{boolxor |{{{states|}}} |{{{region|}}}}} | |{{Infobox Language/statesregion |{{{creator|}}} |{{{setting|}}} |{{{familycolor|}}} |{{{region|—}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{extinct|}}} |[[Extinct language|Language extinction]] |Total {{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |signers |speakers}}}}: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{extinct|}}} |{{{extinct}}} |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |{{{signers|—}}} |{{{speakers|—}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{rank|}}} |{{Infobox Language/rank|{{{rank|}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |Category (purpose) |[[Language family]]}}: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em; text-align: left;" | {{{family|{{{fam1|{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |''unknown'' |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |[[constructed language]] |{{Infobox Language/genetic|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{fam2|}}} |  {{{fam2|}}}   {{#if: {{{fam3|}}} |{{{fam3|}}}    {{#if: {{{fam4|}}} |{{{fam4|}}}     {{#if: {{{fam5|}}} |{{{fam5|}}}      {{#if: {{{fam6|}}} |{{{fam6|}}}       {{#if: {{{fam7|}}} |{{{fam7|}}}        {{#if: {{{fam8|}}} |{{{fam8|}}}         {{#if: {{{fam9|}}} |{{{fam9|}}}          {{#if: {{{fam10|}}} |{{{fam10|}}}           {{#if: {{{fam11|}}} |{{{fam11|}}}            {{#if: {{{fam12|}}} |{{{fam12|}}}             {{#if: {{{fam13|}}} |{{{fam13|}}}              {{#if: {{{fam14|}}} |{{{fam14|}}}               {{#if: {{{fam15|}}} |{{{fam15|}}}                '''{{{name|}}}''' |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |{{#if: {{booland |{{{name|}}} |{{boolnot|{{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}} |silver}}}}}} |'''  {{{name|}}}}}'''}}}}}{{#if: {{{script|}}} |{{Infobox Language/script|{{{script}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{posteriori|}}} |{{Infobox Language/aposteriori|{{{posteriori}}}}}}}{{#if: {{booland |{{{agency|}}} |{{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}} |black}}}} |{{Infobox Language/agency|{{{agency}}}}} |{{#if: {{{nation|}}}{{{agency|}}} |{{Infobox Language/official |1={{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}} |2={{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}} |3={{{nation|''none''}}} |4={{{agency|''no official regulation''}}}}}}}}} |- ! colspan="3" style="text-align: center; color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}}; background-color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}};" |Language codes |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-1]]: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{iso1|}}} |<tt>{{{iso1}}}</tt> |''none''}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-2]]: | colspan="{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |1 |2}}" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |<tt>{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |{{{iso2b|{{{iso2|—}}}}}} (B) |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |{{{iso2|sgn}}} |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |{{{iso2|art}}} |{{{iso2|to be added}}}}}}}}}</tt>{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |{{Infobox Language/terminological|{{{iso2t|{{{iso2|}}}}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-3|ISO/DIS 639-3]]: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{booland |{{{lc1|}}} |{{{lc2|}}}}} |{{#if: {{{lc3|}}} |variously |either}}:{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc1|}}}|{{{ld1|}}}|{{{ll1|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc2|}}}|{{{ld2|}}}|{{{ll2|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc3|}}}|{{{ld3|}}}|{{{ll3|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc4|}}}|{{{ld4|}}}|{{{ll4|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc5|}}}|{{{ld5|}}}|{{{ll5|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc6|}}}|{{{ld6|}}}|{{{ll6|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc7|}}}|{{{ld7|}}}|{{{ll7|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc8|}}}|{{{ld8|}}}|{{{ll8|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc9|}}}|{{{ld9|}}}|{{{ll9|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc10|}}}|{{{ld10|}}}|{{{ll10|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc11|}}}|{{{ld11|}}}|{{{ll11|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc12|}}}|{{{ld12|}}}|{{{ll12|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc13|}}}|{{{ld13|}}}|{{{ll13|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc14|}}}|{{{ld14|}}}|{{{ll14|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc15|}}}|{{{ld15|}}}|{{{ll15|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc16|}}}|{{{ld16|}}}|{{{ll16|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc17|}}}|{{{ld17|}}}|{{{ll17|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc18|}}}|{{{ld18|}}}|{{{ll18|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc19|}}}|{{{ld19|}}}|{{{ll19|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc20|}}}|{{{ld20|}}}|{{{ll20|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc21|}}}|{{{ld21|}}}|{{{ll21|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc22|}}}|{{{ld22|}}}|{{{ll22|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc23|}}}|{{{ld23|}}}|{{{ll23|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc24|}}}|{{{ld24|}}}|{{{ll24|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc25|}}}|{{{ld25|}}}|{{{ll25|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc26|}}}|{{{ld26|}}}|{{{ll26|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc27|}}}|{{{ld27|}}}|{{{ll27|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc28|}}}|{{{ld28|}}}|{{{ll28|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc29|}}}|{{{ld29|}}}|{{{ll29|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc30|}}}|{{{ld30|}}}|{{{ll30|}}}}} |{{#if: {{{lc1|}}} |<tt>[http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{lc1}}} {{{lc1}}}]</tt> — {{#if: {{{ll1|}}} |{{#if: {{booleq|{{{ll1|}}}|none}} |{{{ld1|}}} |[[{{{ll1}}}|{{{ld1|}}}]]}} |[[{{{ld1|}}}]]}} |{{#if: {{{iso3|}}} |{{#if: {{booleq|{{{iso3|}}}|none}} |''none'' |<tt>[http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{iso3}}} {{{iso3}}}]</tt>}} |—}}}}}}{{#if: {{{map|}}} |{{Infobox Language/map|{{{map|}}}}}}}{{Infobox Language/{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |signnotice |{{{notice|IPA notice}}}}}}} |}<noinclude> {{clear}} {{esoteric}} [[Category:Internal link templates|Infobox Language]] [[ca:Template:Llengua]] [[de:Vorlage:Infobox Sprache]] [[eo:Ŝablono:Informkesto lingvo]] [[es:Plantilla:Idioma]] [[fi:Malline:Kieli]] [[fr:Modèle:Langue]] [[fy:Berjocht:Taaltabel]] [[hu:Sablon:Nyelv]] [[ilo:Template:Pagsasao]] [[io:Template:Linguo]] [[it:Template:lingua]] [[ja:Template:言語]] [[ko:Template:언어]] [[la:Formula:Lingua]] [[li:Sjabloon:Taal]] [[pl:Szablon:Język]] [[pt:Predefinição:Língua]] [[sl:Template:Language]] [[sv:Mall:språk]] [[th:Template:กล่องข้อมูล ภาษา]] [[tr:Şablon:Dil]] [[tt:Template:Tel]] [[vi:Tiêu bản:Tóm tắt về ngôn ngữ]] [[zh:Template:Infobox Language]] [[Category:Templates using ParserFunctions|{{PAGENAME}}]] </noinclude> 5199 2006-04-22T05:56:49Z Sasakthi 84 {| class="infobox bordered" style="width: 300px;" ! colspan="3" style="text-align: center; font-size:110%; color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}}; background-color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}} }};" |{{{name|Instructions at [[Template talk:Infobox Language]]}}} {{#if: {{{nativename|}}} | {{{nativename|}}}}}{{#if: {{{image|}}} |{{Infobox Language/image|{{{caption|}}}|{{{image|}}}}} }}{{#if: {{{pronunciation|}}} |{{Infobox Language/pronunciation|{{{pronunciation|}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |Created by |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |Signed |Spoken}} in}}: | colspan="{{#if: {{{date|}}} |1 |2}}" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |{{{creator|—}}}{{#if: {{{date|}}} |{{Infobox Language/creationdate|{{{date}}}}} }} |{{{states|{{{region|—}}}}}}}}{{#if: {{boolxor |{{{states|}}} |{{{region|}}}}} | |{{Infobox Language/statesregion |{{{creator|}}} |{{{setting|}}} |{{{familycolor|}}} |{{{region|—}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{extinct|}}} |[[Extinct language|Language extinction]] |Total {{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |signers |speakers}}}}: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{extinct|}}} |{{{extinct}}} |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |{{{signers|—}}} |{{{speakers|—}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{rank|}}} |{{Infobox Language/rank|{{{rank|}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |Category (purpose) |[[Language family]]}}: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em; text-align: left;" | {{{family|{{{fam1|{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |''unknown'' |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |[[constructed language]] |{{Infobox Language/genetic|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{fam2|}}} |  {{{fam2|}}}   {{#if: {{{fam3|}}} |{{{fam3|}}}    {{#if: {{{fam4|}}} |{{{fam4|}}}     {{#if: {{{fam5|}}} |{{{fam5|}}}      {{#if: {{{fam6|}}} |{{{fam6|}}}       {{#if: {{{fam7|}}} |{{{fam7|}}}        {{#if: {{{fam8|}}} |{{{fam8|}}}         {{#if: {{{fam9|}}} |{{{fam9|}}}          {{#if: {{{fam10|}}} |{{{fam10|}}}           {{#if: {{{fam11|}}} |{{{fam11|}}}            {{#if: {{{fam12|}}} |{{{fam12|}}}             {{#if: {{{fam13|}}} |{{{fam13|}}}              {{#if: {{{fam14|}}} |{{{fam14|}}}               {{#if: {{{fam15|}}} |{{{fam15|}}}                '''{{{name|}}}''' |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |{{#if: {{booland |{{{name|}}} |{{boolnot|{{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}} |silver}}}}}} |'''  {{{name|}}}}}'''}}}}}{{#if: {{{script|}}} |{{Infobox Language/script|{{{script}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{posteriori|}}} |{{Infobox Language/aposteriori|{{{posteriori}}}}}}}{{#if: {{booland |{{{agency|}}} |{{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}} |black}}}} |{{Infobox Language/agency|{{{agency}}}}} |{{#if: {{{nation|}}}{{{agency|}}} |{{Infobox Language/official |1={{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}} |2={{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}} |3={{{nation|''none''}}} |4={{{agency|''no official regulation''}}}}}}}}} |- ! colspan="3" style="text-align: center; color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}}; background-color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}};" |Language codes |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-1]]: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{iso1|}}} |<tt>{{{iso1}}}</tt> |''none''}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-2]]: | colspan="{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |1 |2}}" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |<tt>{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |{{{iso2b|{{{iso2|—}}}}}} (B) |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |{{{iso2|sgn}}} |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |{{{iso2|art}}} |{{{iso2|to be added}}}}}}}}}</tt>{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |{{Infobox Language/terminological|{{{iso2t|{{{iso2|}}}}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-3|ISO/DIS 639-3]]: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{booland |{{{lc1|}}} |{{{lc2|}}}}} |{{#if: {{{lc3|}}} |variously |either}}:{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc1|}}}|{{{ld1|}}}|{{{ll1|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc2|}}}|{{{ld2|}}}|{{{ll2|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc3|}}}|{{{ld3|}}}|{{{ll3|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc4|}}}|{{{ld4|}}}|{{{ll4|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc5|}}}|{{{ld5|}}}|{{{ll5|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc6|}}}|{{{ld6|}}}|{{{ll6|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc7|}}}|{{{ld7|}}}|{{{ll7|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc8|}}}|{{{ld8|}}}|{{{ll8|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc9|}}}|{{{ld9|}}}|{{{ll9|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc10|}}}|{{{ld10|}}}|{{{ll10|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc11|}}}|{{{ld11|}}}|{{{ll11|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc12|}}}|{{{ld12|}}}|{{{ll12|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc13|}}}|{{{ld13|}}}|{{{ll13|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc14|}}}|{{{ld14|}}}|{{{ll14|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc15|}}}|{{{ld15|}}}|{{{ll15|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc16|}}}|{{{ld16|}}}|{{{ll16|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc17|}}}|{{{ld17|}}}|{{{ll17|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc18|}}}|{{{ld18|}}}|{{{ll18|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc19|}}}|{{{ld19|}}}|{{{ll19|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc20|}}}|{{{ld20|}}}|{{{ll20|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc21|}}}|{{{ld21|}}}|{{{ll21|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc22|}}}|{{{ld22|}}}|{{{ll22|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc23|}}}|{{{ld23|}}}|{{{ll23|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc24|}}}|{{{ld24|}}}|{{{ll24|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc25|}}}|{{{ld25|}}}|{{{ll25|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc26|}}}|{{{ld26|}}}|{{{ll26|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc27|}}}|{{{ld27|}}}|{{{ll27|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc28|}}}|{{{ld28|}}}|{{{ll28|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc29|}}}|{{{ld29|}}}|{{{ll29|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc30|}}}|{{{ld30|}}}|{{{ll30|}}}}} |{{#if: {{{lc1|}}} |<tt>[http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{lc1}}} {{{lc1}}}]</tt> — {{#if: {{{ll1|}}} |{{#if: {{booleq|{{{ll1|}}}|none}} |{{{ld1|}}} |[[{{{ll1}}}|{{{ld1|}}}]]}} |[[{{{ld1|}}}]]}} |{{#if: {{{iso3|}}} |{{#if: {{booleq|{{{iso3|}}}|none}} |''none'' |<tt>[http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{iso3}}} {{{iso3}}}]</tt>}} |—}}}}}}{{#if: {{{map|}}} |{{Infobox Language/map|{{{map|}}}}}}}{{Infobox Language/{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |signnotice |{{{notice|IPA notice}}}}}}} |}<noinclude> {{clear}} {{esoteric}} [[Category:Internal link templates|Infobox Language]] [[ca:Template:Llengua]] [[de:Vorlage:Infobox Sprache]] [[eo:Ŝablono:Informkesto lingvo]] [[es:Plantilla:Idioma]] [[fi:Malline:Kieli]] [[fr:Modèle:Langue]] [[fy:Berjocht:Taaltabel]] [[hu:Sablon:Nyelv]] [[ilo:Template:Pagsasao]] [[io:Template:Linguo]] [[it:Template:lingua]] [[ja:Template:言語]] [[ko:Template:언어]] [[la:Formula:Lingua]] [[li:Sjabloon:Taal]] [[pl:Szablon:Język]] [[pt:Predefinição:Língua]] [[sl:Template:Language]] [[sv:Mall:språk]] [[th:Template:กล่องข้อมูล ภาษา]] [[tr:Şablon:Dil]] [[tt:Template:Tel]] [[vi:Tiêu bản:Tóm tắt về ngôn ngữ]] [[zh:Template:Infobox Language]] [[Category:Templates using ParserFunctions|{{PAGENAME}}]] </noinclude> 5208 2006-04-22T06:16:59Z Sasakthi 84 {| class="infobox bordered" style="width: 300px;" ! colspan="3" style="text-align: center; font-size:110%; color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}}; background-color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}} }};" |{{{name|Instructions at [[Template talk:Infobox Language]]}}} {{#if: {{{nativename|}}} | {{{nativename|}}}}}{{#if: {{{image|}}} |{{Infobox Language/image|{{{caption|}}}|{{{image|}}}}} }}{{#if: {{{pronunciation|}}} |{{Infobox Language/pronunciation|{{{pronunciation|}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |Created by |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |Signed |Spoken}} in}}: | colspan="{{#if: {{{date|}}} |1 |2}}" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |{{{creator|—}}}{{#if: {{{date|}}} |{{Infobox Language/creationdate|{{{date}}}}} }} |{{{states|{{{region|—}}}}}}}}{{#if: {{boolxor |{{{states|}}} |{{{region|}}}}} | |{{Infobox Language/statesregion |{{{creator|}}} |{{{setting|}}} |{{{familycolor|}}} |{{{region|—}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{extinct|}}} |[[Extinct language|Language extinction]] |Total {{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |signers |speakers}}}}: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{extinct|}}} |{{{extinct}}} |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |{{{signers|—}}} |{{{speakers|—}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{rank|}}} |{{Infobox Language/rank|{{{rank|}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |Category (purpose) |[[Language family]]}}: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em; text-align: left;" | {{{family|{{{fam1|{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |''unknown'' |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |[[constructed language]] |{{Infobox Language/genetic|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{fam2|}}} |  {{{fam2|}}}   {{#if: {{{fam3|}}} |{{{fam3|}}}    {{#if: {{{fam4|}}} |{{{fam4|}}}     {{#if: {{{fam5|}}} |{{{fam5|}}}      {{#if: {{{fam6|}}} |{{{fam6|}}}       {{#if: {{{fam7|}}} |{{{fam7|}}}        {{#if: {{{fam8|}}} |{{{fam8|}}}         {{#if: {{{fam9|}}} |{{{fam9|}}}          {{#if: {{{fam10|}}} |{{{fam10|}}}           {{#if: {{{fam11|}}} |{{{fam11|}}}            {{#if: {{{fam12|}}} |{{{fam12|}}}             {{#if: {{{fam13|}}} |{{{fam13|}}}              {{#if: {{{fam14|}}} |{{{fam14|}}}               {{#if: {{{fam15|}}} |{{{fam15|}}}                '''{{{name|}}}''' |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |{{#if: {{booland |{{{name|}}} |{{boolnot|{{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}} |silver}}}}}} |'''  {{{name|}}}}}'''}}}}}{{#if: {{{script|}}} |{{Infobox Language/script|{{{script}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{posteriori|}}} |{{Infobox Language/aposteriori|{{{posteriori}}}}}}}{{#if: {{booland |{{{agency|}}} |{{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}} |black}}}} |{{Infobox Language/agency|{{{agency}}}}} |{{#if: {{{nation|}}}{{{agency|}}} |{{Infobox Language/official |1={{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}} |2={{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}} |3={{{nation|''none''}}} |4={{{agency|''no official regulation''}}}}}}}}} |- ! colspan="3" style="text-align: center; color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}}; background-color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}};" |භාෂා සංකේත |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-1]]: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{iso1|}}} |<tt>{{{iso1}}}</tt> |''none''}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-2]]: | colspan="{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |1 |2}}" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |<tt>{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |{{{iso2b|{{{iso2|—}}}}}} (B) |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |{{{iso2|sgn}}} |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |{{{iso2|art}}} |{{{iso2|to be added}}}}}}}}}</tt>{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |{{Infobox Language/terminological|{{{iso2t|{{{iso2|}}}}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-3|ISO/DIS 639-3]]: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{booland |{{{lc1|}}} |{{{lc2|}}}}} |{{#if: {{{lc3|}}} |variously |either}}:{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc1|}}}|{{{ld1|}}}|{{{ll1|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc2|}}}|{{{ld2|}}}|{{{ll2|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc3|}}}|{{{ld3|}}}|{{{ll3|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc4|}}}|{{{ld4|}}}|{{{ll4|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc5|}}}|{{{ld5|}}}|{{{ll5|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc6|}}}|{{{ld6|}}}|{{{ll6|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc7|}}}|{{{ld7|}}}|{{{ll7|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc8|}}}|{{{ld8|}}}|{{{ll8|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc9|}}}|{{{ld9|}}}|{{{ll9|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc10|}}}|{{{ld10|}}}|{{{ll10|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc11|}}}|{{{ld11|}}}|{{{ll11|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc12|}}}|{{{ld12|}}}|{{{ll12|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc13|}}}|{{{ld13|}}}|{{{ll13|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc14|}}}|{{{ld14|}}}|{{{ll14|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc15|}}}|{{{ld15|}}}|{{{ll15|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc16|}}}|{{{ld16|}}}|{{{ll16|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc17|}}}|{{{ld17|}}}|{{{ll17|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc18|}}}|{{{ld18|}}}|{{{ll18|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc19|}}}|{{{ld19|}}}|{{{ll19|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc20|}}}|{{{ld20|}}}|{{{ll20|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc21|}}}|{{{ld21|}}}|{{{ll21|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc22|}}}|{{{ld22|}}}|{{{ll22|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc23|}}}|{{{ld23|}}}|{{{ll23|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc24|}}}|{{{ld24|}}}|{{{ll24|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc25|}}}|{{{ld25|}}}|{{{ll25|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc26|}}}|{{{ld26|}}}|{{{ll26|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc27|}}}|{{{ld27|}}}|{{{ll27|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc28|}}}|{{{ld28|}}}|{{{ll28|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc29|}}}|{{{ld29|}}}|{{{ll29|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc30|}}}|{{{ld30|}}}|{{{ll30|}}}}} |{{#if: {{{lc1|}}} |<tt>[http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{lc1}}} {{{lc1}}}]</tt> — {{#if: {{{ll1|}}} |{{#if: {{booleq|{{{ll1|}}}|none}} |{{{ld1|}}} |[[{{{ll1}}}|{{{ld1|}}}]]}} |[[{{{ld1|}}}]]}} |{{#if: {{{iso3|}}} |{{#if: {{booleq|{{{iso3|}}}|none}} |''none'' |<tt>[http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{iso3}}} {{{iso3}}}]</tt>}} |—}}}}}}{{#if: {{{map|}}} |{{Infobox Language/map|{{{map|}}}}}}}{{Infobox Language/{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |signnotice |{{{notice|IPA notice}}}}}}} |}<noinclude> {{clear}} {{esoteric}} [[Category:Internal link templates|Infobox Language]] [[ca:Template:Llengua]] [[de:Vorlage:Infobox Sprache]] [[eo:Ŝablono:Informkesto lingvo]] [[es:Plantilla:Idioma]] [[fi:Malline:Kieli]] [[fr:Modèle:Langue]] [[fy:Berjocht:Taaltabel]] [[hu:Sablon:Nyelv]] [[ilo:Template:Pagsasao]] [[io:Template:Linguo]] [[it:Template:lingua]] [[ja:Template:言語]] [[ko:Template:언어]] [[la:Formula:Lingua]] [[li:Sjabloon:Taal]] [[pl:Szablon:Język]] [[pt:Predefinição:Língua]] [[sl:Template:Language]] [[sv:Mall:språk]] [[th:Template:กล่องข้อมูล ภาษา]] [[tr:Şablon:Dil]] [[tt:Template:Tel]] [[vi:Tiêu bản:Tóm tắt về ngôn ngữ]] [[zh:Template:Infobox Language]] [[Category:Templates using ParserFunctions|{{PAGENAME}}]] </noinclude> 5209 2006-04-22T06:20:41Z Sasakthi 84 {| class="infobox bordered" style="width: 300px;" ! colspan="3" style="text-align: center; font-size:110%; color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}}; background-color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}} }};" |{{{name|Instructions at [[Template talk:Infobox Language]]}}} {{#if: {{{nativename|}}} | {{{nativename|}}}}}{{#if: {{{image|}}} |{{Infobox Language/image|{{{caption|}}}|{{{image|}}}}} }}{{#if: {{{pronunciation|}}} |{{Infobox Language/pronunciation|{{{pronunciation|}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |Created by |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |Signed |Spoken}} in}}: | colspan="{{#if: {{{date|}}} |1 |2}}" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |{{{creator|—}}}{{#if: {{{date|}}} |{{Infobox Language/creationdate|{{{date}}}}} }} |{{{states|{{{region|—}}}}}}}}{{#if: {{boolxor |{{{states|}}} |{{{region|}}}}} | |{{Infobox Language/statesregion |{{{creator|}}} |{{{setting|}}} |{{{familycolor|}}} |{{{region|—}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{extinct|}}} |[[Extinct language|Language extinction]] |Total {{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |signers |speakers}}}}: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{extinct|}}} |{{{extinct}}} |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |{{{signers|—}}} |{{{speakers|—}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{rank|}}} |{{Infobox Language/rank|{{{rank|}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |Category (purpose) |[[Language family]]}}: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em; text-align: left;" | {{{family|{{{fam1|{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |''unknown'' |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |[[constructed language]] |{{Infobox Language/genetic|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{fam2|}}} |  {{{fam2|}}}   {{#if: {{{fam3|}}} |{{{fam3|}}}    {{#if: {{{fam4|}}} |{{{fam4|}}}     {{#if: {{{fam5|}}} |{{{fam5|}}}      {{#if: {{{fam6|}}} |{{{fam6|}}}       {{#if: {{{fam7|}}} |{{{fam7|}}}        {{#if: {{{fam8|}}} |{{{fam8|}}}         {{#if: {{{fam9|}}} |{{{fam9|}}}          {{#if: {{{fam10|}}} |{{{fam10|}}}           {{#if: {{{fam11|}}} |{{{fam11|}}}            {{#if: {{{fam12|}}} |{{{fam12|}}}             {{#if: {{{fam13|}}} |{{{fam13|}}}              {{#if: {{{fam14|}}} |{{{fam14|}}}               {{#if: {{{fam15|}}} |{{{fam15|}}}                '''{{{name|}}}''' |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |{{#if: {{booland |{{{name|}}} |{{boolnot|{{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}} |silver}}}}}} |'''  {{{name|}}}}}'''}}}}}{{#if: {{{script|}}} |{{Infobox Language/script|{{{script}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{posteriori|}}} |{{Infobox Language/aposteriori|{{{posteriori}}}}}}}{{#if: {{booland |{{{agency|}}} |{{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}} |black}}}} |{{Infobox Language/agency|{{{agency}}}}} |{{#if: {{{nation|}}}{{{agency|}}} |{{Infobox Language/official |1={{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}} |2={{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}} |3={{{nation|''නැත''}}} |4={{{agency|''පරිපාලනය කරනු නොවේ''}}}}}}}}} |- ! colspan="3" style="text-align: center; color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}}; background-color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}};" |භාෂා සංකේත |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-1]]: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{iso1|}}} |<tt>{{{iso1}}}</tt> |''none''}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-2]]: | colspan="{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |1 |2}}" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |<tt>{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |{{{iso2b|{{{iso2|—}}}}}} (B) |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |{{{iso2|sgn}}} |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |{{{iso2|art}}} |{{{iso2|to be added}}}}}}}}}</tt>{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |{{Infobox Language/terminological|{{{iso2t|{{{iso2|}}}}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-3|ISO/DIS 639-3]]: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{booland |{{{lc1|}}} |{{{lc2|}}}}} |{{#if: {{{lc3|}}} |variously |either}}:{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc1|}}}|{{{ld1|}}}|{{{ll1|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc2|}}}|{{{ld2|}}}|{{{ll2|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc3|}}}|{{{ld3|}}}|{{{ll3|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc4|}}}|{{{ld4|}}}|{{{ll4|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc5|}}}|{{{ld5|}}}|{{{ll5|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc6|}}}|{{{ld6|}}}|{{{ll6|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc7|}}}|{{{ld7|}}}|{{{ll7|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc8|}}}|{{{ld8|}}}|{{{ll8|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc9|}}}|{{{ld9|}}}|{{{ll9|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc10|}}}|{{{ld10|}}}|{{{ll10|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc11|}}}|{{{ld11|}}}|{{{ll11|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc12|}}}|{{{ld12|}}}|{{{ll12|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc13|}}}|{{{ld13|}}}|{{{ll13|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc14|}}}|{{{ld14|}}}|{{{ll14|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc15|}}}|{{{ld15|}}}|{{{ll15|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc16|}}}|{{{ld16|}}}|{{{ll16|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc17|}}}|{{{ld17|}}}|{{{ll17|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc18|}}}|{{{ld18|}}}|{{{ll18|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc19|}}}|{{{ld19|}}}|{{{ll19|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc20|}}}|{{{ld20|}}}|{{{ll20|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc21|}}}|{{{ld21|}}}|{{{ll21|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc22|}}}|{{{ld22|}}}|{{{ll22|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc23|}}}|{{{ld23|}}}|{{{ll23|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc24|}}}|{{{ld24|}}}|{{{ll24|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc25|}}}|{{{ld25|}}}|{{{ll25|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc26|}}}|{{{ld26|}}}|{{{ll26|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc27|}}}|{{{ld27|}}}|{{{ll27|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc28|}}}|{{{ld28|}}}|{{{ll28|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc29|}}}|{{{ld29|}}}|{{{ll29|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc30|}}}|{{{ld30|}}}|{{{ll30|}}}}} |{{#if: {{{lc1|}}} |<tt>[http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{lc1}}} {{{lc1}}}]</tt> — {{#if: {{{ll1|}}} |{{#if: {{booleq|{{{ll1|}}}|none}} |{{{ld1|}}} |[[{{{ll1}}}|{{{ld1|}}}]]}} |[[{{{ld1|}}}]]}} |{{#if: {{{iso3|}}} |{{#if: {{booleq|{{{iso3|}}}|none}} |''none'' |<tt>[http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{iso3}}} {{{iso3}}}]</tt>}} |—}}}}}}{{#if: {{{map|}}} |{{Infobox Language/map|{{{map|}}}}}}}{{Infobox Language/{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |signnotice |{{{notice|IPA notice}}}}}}} |}<noinclude> {{clear}} {{esoteric}} [[Category:Internal link templates|Infobox Language]] [[ca:Template:Llengua]] [[de:Vorlage:Infobox Sprache]] [[eo:Ŝablono:Informkesto lingvo]] [[es:Plantilla:Idioma]] [[fi:Malline:Kieli]] [[fr:Modèle:Langue]] [[fy:Berjocht:Taaltabel]] [[hu:Sablon:Nyelv]] [[ilo:Template:Pagsasao]] [[io:Template:Linguo]] [[it:Template:lingua]] [[ja:Template:言語]] [[ko:Template:언어]] [[la:Formula:Lingua]] [[li:Sjabloon:Taal]] [[pl:Szablon:Język]] [[pt:Predefinição:Língua]] [[sl:Template:Language]] [[sv:Mall:språk]] [[th:Template:กล่องข้อมูล ภาษา]] [[tr:Şablon:Dil]] [[tt:Template:Tel]] [[vi:Tiêu bản:Tóm tắt về ngôn ngữ]] [[zh:Template:Infobox Language]] [[Category:Templates using ParserFunctions|{{PAGENAME}}]] </noinclude> 5210 2006-04-22T06:24:43Z Sasakthi 84 {| class="infobox bordered" style="width: 300px;" ! colspan="3" style="text-align: center; font-size:110%; color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}}; background-color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}} }};" |{{{name|Instructions at [[Template talk:Infobox Language]]}}} {{#if: {{{nativename|}}} | {{{nativename|}}}}}{{#if: {{{image|}}} |{{Infobox Language/image|{{{caption|}}}|{{{image|}}}}} }}{{#if: {{{pronunciation|}}} |{{Infobox Language/pronunciation|{{{pronunciation|}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |Created by |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |Signed |Spoken}} in}}: | colspan="{{#if: {{{date|}}} |1 |2}}" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |{{{creator|—}}}{{#if: {{{date|}}} |{{Infobox Language/creationdate|{{{date}}}}} }} |{{{states|{{{region|—}}}}}}}}{{#if: {{boolxor |{{{states|}}} |{{{region|}}}}} | |{{Infobox Language/statesregion |{{{creator|}}} |{{{setting|}}} |{{{familycolor|}}} |{{{region|—}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{extinct|}}} |[[Extinct language|Language extinction]] |Total {{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |signers |speakers}}}}: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{extinct|}}} |{{{extinct}}} |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |{{{signers|—}}} |{{{speakers|—}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{rank|}}} |{{Infobox Language/rank|{{{rank|}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |Category (purpose) |[[භාෂා පවුල]]}}: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em; text-align: left;" | {{{family|{{{fam1|{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |''unknown'' |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |[[constructed language]] |{{Infobox Language/genetic|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{fam2|}}} |  {{{fam2|}}}   {{#if: {{{fam3|}}} |{{{fam3|}}}    {{#if: {{{fam4|}}} |{{{fam4|}}}     {{#if: {{{fam5|}}} |{{{fam5|}}}      {{#if: {{{fam6|}}} |{{{fam6|}}}       {{#if: {{{fam7|}}} |{{{fam7|}}}        {{#if: {{{fam8|}}} |{{{fam8|}}}         {{#if: {{{fam9|}}} |{{{fam9|}}}          {{#if: {{{fam10|}}} |{{{fam10|}}}           {{#if: {{{fam11|}}} |{{{fam11|}}}            {{#if: {{{fam12|}}} |{{{fam12|}}}             {{#if: {{{fam13|}}} |{{{fam13|}}}              {{#if: {{{fam14|}}} |{{{fam14|}}}               {{#if: {{{fam15|}}} |{{{fam15|}}}                '''{{{name|}}}''' |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |{{#if: {{booland |{{{name|}}} |{{boolnot|{{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}} |silver}}}}}} |'''  {{{name|}}}}}'''}}}}}{{#if: {{{script|}}} |{{Infobox Language/script|{{{script}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{posteriori|}}} |{{Infobox Language/aposteriori|{{{posteriori}}}}}}}{{#if: {{booland |{{{agency|}}} |{{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}} |black}}}} |{{Infobox Language/agency|{{{agency}}}}} |{{#if: {{{nation|}}}{{{agency|}}} |{{Infobox Language/official |1={{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}} |2={{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}} |3={{{nation|''නැත''}}} |4={{{agency|''පරිපාලනය කරනු නොවේ''}}}}}}}}} |- ! colspan="3" style="text-align: center; color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}}; background-color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}};" |භාෂා සංකේත |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-1]]: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{iso1|}}} |<tt>{{{iso1}}}</tt> |''none''}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-2]]: | colspan="{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |1 |2}}" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |<tt>{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |{{{iso2b|{{{iso2|—}}}}}} (B) |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |{{{iso2|sgn}}} |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |{{{iso2|art}}} |{{{iso2|to be added}}}}}}}}}</tt>{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |{{Infobox Language/terminological|{{{iso2t|{{{iso2|}}}}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-3|ISO/DIS 639-3]]: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{booland |{{{lc1|}}} |{{{lc2|}}}}} |{{#if: {{{lc3|}}} |variously |either}}:{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc1|}}}|{{{ld1|}}}|{{{ll1|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc2|}}}|{{{ld2|}}}|{{{ll2|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc3|}}}|{{{ld3|}}}|{{{ll3|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc4|}}}|{{{ld4|}}}|{{{ll4|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc5|}}}|{{{ld5|}}}|{{{ll5|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc6|}}}|{{{ld6|}}}|{{{ll6|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc7|}}}|{{{ld7|}}}|{{{ll7|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc8|}}}|{{{ld8|}}}|{{{ll8|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc9|}}}|{{{ld9|}}}|{{{ll9|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc10|}}}|{{{ld10|}}}|{{{ll10|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc11|}}}|{{{ld11|}}}|{{{ll11|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc12|}}}|{{{ld12|}}}|{{{ll12|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc13|}}}|{{{ld13|}}}|{{{ll13|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc14|}}}|{{{ld14|}}}|{{{ll14|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc15|}}}|{{{ld15|}}}|{{{ll15|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc16|}}}|{{{ld16|}}}|{{{ll16|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc17|}}}|{{{ld17|}}}|{{{ll17|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc18|}}}|{{{ld18|}}}|{{{ll18|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc19|}}}|{{{ld19|}}}|{{{ll19|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc20|}}}|{{{ld20|}}}|{{{ll20|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc21|}}}|{{{ld21|}}}|{{{ll21|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc22|}}}|{{{ld22|}}}|{{{ll22|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc23|}}}|{{{ld23|}}}|{{{ll23|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc24|}}}|{{{ld24|}}}|{{{ll24|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc25|}}}|{{{ld25|}}}|{{{ll25|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc26|}}}|{{{ld26|}}}|{{{ll26|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc27|}}}|{{{ld27|}}}|{{{ll27|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc28|}}}|{{{ld28|}}}|{{{ll28|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc29|}}}|{{{ld29|}}}|{{{ll29|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc30|}}}|{{{ld30|}}}|{{{ll30|}}}}} |{{#if: {{{lc1|}}} |<tt>[http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{lc1}}} {{{lc1}}}]</tt> — {{#if: {{{ll1|}}} |{{#if: {{booleq|{{{ll1|}}}|none}} |{{{ld1|}}} |[[{{{ll1}}}|{{{ld1|}}}]]}} |[[{{{ld1|}}}]]}} |{{#if: {{{iso3|}}} |{{#if: {{booleq|{{{iso3|}}}|none}} |''none'' |<tt>[http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{iso3}}} {{{iso3}}}]</tt>}} |—}}}}}}{{#if: {{{map|}}} |{{Infobox Language/map|{{{map|}}}}}}}{{Infobox Language/{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |signnotice |{{{notice|IPA notice}}}}}}} |}<noinclude> {{clear}} {{esoteric}} [[Category:Internal link templates|Infobox Language]] [[ca:Template:Llengua]] [[de:Vorlage:Infobox Sprache]] [[eo:Ŝablono:Informkesto lingvo]] [[es:Plantilla:Idioma]] [[fi:Malline:Kieli]] [[fr:Modèle:Langue]] [[fy:Berjocht:Taaltabel]] [[hu:Sablon:Nyelv]] [[ilo:Template:Pagsasao]] [[io:Template:Linguo]] [[it:Template:lingua]] [[ja:Template:言語]] [[ko:Template:언어]] [[la:Formula:Lingua]] [[li:Sjabloon:Taal]] [[pl:Szablon:Język]] [[pt:Predefinição:Língua]] [[sl:Template:Language]] [[sv:Mall:språk]] [[th:Template:กล่องข้อมูล ภาษา]] [[tr:Şablon:Dil]] [[tt:Template:Tel]] [[vi:Tiêu bản:Tóm tắt về ngôn ngữ]] [[zh:Template:Infobox Language]] [[Category:Templates using ParserFunctions|{{PAGENAME}}]] </noinclude> 5211 2006-04-22T06:27:28Z Sasakthi 84 {| class="infobox bordered" style="width: 300px;" ! colspan="3" style="text-align: center; font-size:110%; color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}}; background-color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}} }};" |{{{name|Instructions at [[Template talk:Infobox Language]]}}} {{#if: {{{nativename|}}} | {{{nativename|}}}}}{{#if: {{{image|}}} |{{Infobox Language/image|{{{caption|}}}|{{{image|}}}}} }}{{#if: {{{pronunciation|}}} |{{Infobox Language/pronunciation|{{{pronunciation|}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |Created by |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |අත්සන් කරන්නේ |කතා කරන්නේ}}}}: | colspan="{{#if: {{{date|}}} |1 |2}}" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |{{{creator|—}}}{{#if: {{{date|}}} |{{Infobox Language/creationdate|{{{date}}}}} }} |{{{states|{{{region|—}}}}}}}}{{#if: {{boolxor |{{{states|}}} |{{{region|}}}}} | |{{Infobox Language/statesregion |{{{creator|}}} |{{{setting|}}} |{{{familycolor|}}} |{{{region|—}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{extinct|}}} |[[Extinct language|Language extinction]] |Total {{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |signers |speakers}}}}: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{extinct|}}} |{{{extinct}}} |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |{{{signers|—}}} |{{{speakers|—}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{rank|}}} |{{Infobox Language/rank|{{{rank|}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |Category (purpose) |[[භාෂා පවුල]]}}: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em; text-align: left;" | {{{family|{{{fam1|{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |''unknown'' |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |[[constructed language]] |{{Infobox Language/genetic|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{fam2|}}} |  {{{fam2|}}}   {{#if: {{{fam3|}}} |{{{fam3|}}}    {{#if: {{{fam4|}}} |{{{fam4|}}}     {{#if: {{{fam5|}}} |{{{fam5|}}}      {{#if: {{{fam6|}}} |{{{fam6|}}}       {{#if: {{{fam7|}}} |{{{fam7|}}}        {{#if: {{{fam8|}}} |{{{fam8|}}}         {{#if: {{{fam9|}}} |{{{fam9|}}}          {{#if: {{{fam10|}}} |{{{fam10|}}}           {{#if: {{{fam11|}}} |{{{fam11|}}}            {{#if: {{{fam12|}}} |{{{fam12|}}}             {{#if: {{{fam13|}}} |{{{fam13|}}}              {{#if: {{{fam14|}}} |{{{fam14|}}}               {{#if: {{{fam15|}}} |{{{fam15|}}}                '''{{{name|}}}''' |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |{{#if: {{booland |{{{name|}}} |{{boolnot|{{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}} |silver}}}}}} |'''  {{{name|}}}}}'''}}}}}{{#if: {{{script|}}} |{{Infobox Language/script|{{{script}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{posteriori|}}} |{{Infobox Language/aposteriori|{{{posteriori}}}}}}}{{#if: {{booland |{{{agency|}}} |{{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}} |black}}}} |{{Infobox Language/agency|{{{agency}}}}} |{{#if: {{{nation|}}}{{{agency|}}} |{{Infobox Language/official |1={{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}} |2={{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}} |3={{{nation|''නැත''}}} |4={{{agency|''පරිපාලනය කරනු නොවේ''}}}}}}}}} |- ! colspan="3" style="text-align: center; color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}}; background-color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}};" |භාෂා සංකේත |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-1]]: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{iso1|}}} |<tt>{{{iso1}}}</tt> |''none''}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-2]]: | colspan="{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |1 |2}}" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |<tt>{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |{{{iso2b|{{{iso2|—}}}}}} (B) |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |{{{iso2|sgn}}} |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |{{{iso2|art}}} |{{{iso2|to be added}}}}}}}}}</tt>{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |{{Infobox Language/terminological|{{{iso2t|{{{iso2|}}}}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-3|ISO/DIS 639-3]]: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{booland |{{{lc1|}}} |{{{lc2|}}}}} |{{#if: {{{lc3|}}} |variously |either}}:{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc1|}}}|{{{ld1|}}}|{{{ll1|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc2|}}}|{{{ld2|}}}|{{{ll2|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc3|}}}|{{{ld3|}}}|{{{ll3|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc4|}}}|{{{ld4|}}}|{{{ll4|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc5|}}}|{{{ld5|}}}|{{{ll5|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc6|}}}|{{{ld6|}}}|{{{ll6|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc7|}}}|{{{ld7|}}}|{{{ll7|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc8|}}}|{{{ld8|}}}|{{{ll8|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc9|}}}|{{{ld9|}}}|{{{ll9|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc10|}}}|{{{ld10|}}}|{{{ll10|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc11|}}}|{{{ld11|}}}|{{{ll11|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc12|}}}|{{{ld12|}}}|{{{ll12|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc13|}}}|{{{ld13|}}}|{{{ll13|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc14|}}}|{{{ld14|}}}|{{{ll14|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc15|}}}|{{{ld15|}}}|{{{ll15|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc16|}}}|{{{ld16|}}}|{{{ll16|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc17|}}}|{{{ld17|}}}|{{{ll17|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc18|}}}|{{{ld18|}}}|{{{ll18|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc19|}}}|{{{ld19|}}}|{{{ll19|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc20|}}}|{{{ld20|}}}|{{{ll20|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc21|}}}|{{{ld21|}}}|{{{ll21|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc22|}}}|{{{ld22|}}}|{{{ll22|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc23|}}}|{{{ld23|}}}|{{{ll23|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc24|}}}|{{{ld24|}}}|{{{ll24|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc25|}}}|{{{ld25|}}}|{{{ll25|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc26|}}}|{{{ld26|}}}|{{{ll26|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc27|}}}|{{{ld27|}}}|{{{ll27|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc28|}}}|{{{ld28|}}}|{{{ll28|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc29|}}}|{{{ld29|}}}|{{{ll29|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc30|}}}|{{{ld30|}}}|{{{ll30|}}}}} |{{#if: {{{lc1|}}} |<tt>[http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{lc1}}} {{{lc1}}}]</tt> — {{#if: {{{ll1|}}} |{{#if: {{booleq|{{{ll1|}}}|none}} |{{{ld1|}}} |[[{{{ll1}}}|{{{ld1|}}}]]}} |[[{{{ld1|}}}]]}} |{{#if: {{{iso3|}}} |{{#if: {{booleq|{{{iso3|}}}|none}} |''none'' |<tt>[http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{iso3}}} {{{iso3}}}]</tt>}} |—}}}}}}{{#if: {{{map|}}} |{{Infobox Language/map|{{{map|}}}}}}}{{Infobox Language/{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |signnotice |{{{notice|IPA notice}}}}}}} |}<noinclude> {{clear}} {{esoteric}} [[Category:Internal link templates|Infobox Language]] [[ca:Template:Llengua]] [[de:Vorlage:Infobox Sprache]] [[eo:Ŝablono:Informkesto lingvo]] [[es:Plantilla:Idioma]] [[fi:Malline:Kieli]] [[fr:Modèle:Langue]] [[fy:Berjocht:Taaltabel]] [[hu:Sablon:Nyelv]] [[ilo:Template:Pagsasao]] [[io:Template:Linguo]] [[it:Template:lingua]] [[ja:Template:言語]] [[ko:Template:언어]] [[la:Formula:Lingua]] [[li:Sjabloon:Taal]] [[pl:Szablon:Język]] [[pt:Predefinição:Língua]] [[sl:Template:Language]] [[sv:Mall:språk]] [[th:Template:กล่องข้อมูล ภาษา]] [[tr:Şablon:Dil]] [[tt:Template:Tel]] [[vi:Tiêu bản:Tóm tắt về ngôn ngữ]] [[zh:Template:Infobox Language]] [[Category:Templates using ParserFunctions|{{PAGENAME}}]] </noinclude> 5212 2006-04-22T06:30:39Z Sasakthi 84 {| class="infobox bordered" style="width: 300px;" ! colspan="3" style="text-align: center; font-size:110%; color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}}; background-color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}} }};" |{{{name|Instructions at [[Template talk:Infobox Language]]}}} {{#if: {{{nativename|}}} | {{{nativename|}}}}}{{#if: {{{image|}}} |{{Infobox Language/image|{{{caption|}}}|{{{image|}}}}} }}{{#if: {{{pronunciation|}}} |{{Infobox Language/pronunciation|{{{pronunciation|}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |Created by |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |ලියන්නේ |කතා කරන්නේ}}}}: | colspan="{{#if: {{{date|}}} |1 |2}}" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |{{{creator|—}}}{{#if: {{{date|}}} |{{Infobox Language/creationdate|{{{date}}}}} }} |{{{states|{{{region|—}}}}}}}}{{#if: {{boolxor |{{{states|}}} |{{{region|}}}}} | |{{Infobox Language/statesregion |{{{creator|}}} |{{{setting|}}} |{{{familycolor|}}} |{{{region|—}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{extinct|}}} |[[Extinct language|Language extinction]] |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |ලියන ඡනගහනය |කතා කරන ඡනගහනය}}}}: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{extinct|}}} |{{{extinct}}} |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |{{{signers|—}}} |{{{speakers|—}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{rank|}}} |{{Infobox Language/rank|{{{rank|}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |Category (purpose) |[[භාෂා පවුල]]}}: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em; text-align: left;" | {{{family|{{{fam1|{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |''unknown'' |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |[[constructed language]] |{{Infobox Language/genetic|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{fam2|}}} |  {{{fam2|}}}   {{#if: {{{fam3|}}} |{{{fam3|}}}    {{#if: {{{fam4|}}} |{{{fam4|}}}     {{#if: {{{fam5|}}} |{{{fam5|}}}      {{#if: {{{fam6|}}} |{{{fam6|}}}       {{#if: {{{fam7|}}} |{{{fam7|}}}        {{#if: {{{fam8|}}} |{{{fam8|}}}         {{#if: {{{fam9|}}} |{{{fam9|}}}          {{#if: {{{fam10|}}} |{{{fam10|}}}           {{#if: {{{fam11|}}} |{{{fam11|}}}            {{#if: {{{fam12|}}} |{{{fam12|}}}             {{#if: {{{fam13|}}} |{{{fam13|}}}              {{#if: {{{fam14|}}} |{{{fam14|}}}               {{#if: {{{fam15|}}} |{{{fam15|}}}                '''{{{name|}}}''' |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |{{#if: {{booland |{{{name|}}} |{{boolnot|{{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}} |silver}}}}}} |'''  {{{name|}}}}}'''}}}}}{{#if: {{{script|}}} |{{Infobox Language/script|{{{script}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{posteriori|}}} |{{Infobox Language/aposteriori|{{{posteriori}}}}}}}{{#if: {{booland |{{{agency|}}} |{{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}} |black}}}} |{{Infobox Language/agency|{{{agency}}}}} |{{#if: {{{nation|}}}{{{agency|}}} |{{Infobox Language/official |1={{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}} |2={{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}} |3={{{nation|''නැත''}}} |4={{{agency|''පරිපාලනය කරනු නොවේ''}}}}}}}}} |- ! colspan="3" style="text-align: center; color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}}; background-color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}};" |භාෂා සංකේත |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-1]]: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{iso1|}}} |<tt>{{{iso1}}}</tt> |''none''}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-2]]: | colspan="{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |1 |2}}" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |<tt>{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |{{{iso2b|{{{iso2|—}}}}}} (B) |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |{{{iso2|sgn}}} |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |{{{iso2|art}}} |{{{iso2|to be added}}}}}}}}}</tt>{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |{{Infobox Language/terminological|{{{iso2t|{{{iso2|}}}}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-3|ISO/DIS 639-3]]: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{booland |{{{lc1|}}} |{{{lc2|}}}}} |{{#if: {{{lc3|}}} |variously |either}}:{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc1|}}}|{{{ld1|}}}|{{{ll1|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc2|}}}|{{{ld2|}}}|{{{ll2|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc3|}}}|{{{ld3|}}}|{{{ll3|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc4|}}}|{{{ld4|}}}|{{{ll4|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc5|}}}|{{{ld5|}}}|{{{ll5|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc6|}}}|{{{ld6|}}}|{{{ll6|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc7|}}}|{{{ld7|}}}|{{{ll7|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc8|}}}|{{{ld8|}}}|{{{ll8|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc9|}}}|{{{ld9|}}}|{{{ll9|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc10|}}}|{{{ld10|}}}|{{{ll10|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc11|}}}|{{{ld11|}}}|{{{ll11|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc12|}}}|{{{ld12|}}}|{{{ll12|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc13|}}}|{{{ld13|}}}|{{{ll13|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc14|}}}|{{{ld14|}}}|{{{ll14|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc15|}}}|{{{ld15|}}}|{{{ll15|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc16|}}}|{{{ld16|}}}|{{{ll16|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc17|}}}|{{{ld17|}}}|{{{ll17|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc18|}}}|{{{ld18|}}}|{{{ll18|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc19|}}}|{{{ld19|}}}|{{{ll19|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc20|}}}|{{{ld20|}}}|{{{ll20|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc21|}}}|{{{ld21|}}}|{{{ll21|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc22|}}}|{{{ld22|}}}|{{{ll22|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc23|}}}|{{{ld23|}}}|{{{ll23|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc24|}}}|{{{ld24|}}}|{{{ll24|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc25|}}}|{{{ld25|}}}|{{{ll25|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc26|}}}|{{{ld26|}}}|{{{ll26|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc27|}}}|{{{ld27|}}}|{{{ll27|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc28|}}}|{{{ld28|}}}|{{{ll28|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc29|}}}|{{{ld29|}}}|{{{ll29|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc30|}}}|{{{ld30|}}}|{{{ll30|}}}}} |{{#if: {{{lc1|}}} |<tt>[http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{lc1}}} {{{lc1}}}]</tt> — {{#if: {{{ll1|}}} |{{#if: {{booleq|{{{ll1|}}}|none}} |{{{ld1|}}} |[[{{{ll1}}}|{{{ld1|}}}]]}} |[[{{{ld1|}}}]]}} |{{#if: {{{iso3|}}} |{{#if: {{booleq|{{{iso3|}}}|none}} |''none'' |<tt>[http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{iso3}}} {{{iso3}}}]</tt>}} |—}}}}}}{{#if: {{{map|}}} |{{Infobox Language/map|{{{map|}}}}}}}{{Infobox Language/{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |signnotice |{{{notice|IPA notice}}}}}}} |}<noinclude> {{clear}} {{esoteric}} [[Category:Internal link templates|Infobox Language]] [[ca:Template:Llengua]] [[de:Vorlage:Infobox Sprache]] [[eo:Ŝablono:Informkesto lingvo]] [[es:Plantilla:Idioma]] [[fi:Malline:Kieli]] [[fr:Modèle:Langue]] [[fy:Berjocht:Taaltabel]] [[hu:Sablon:Nyelv]] [[ilo:Template:Pagsasao]] [[io:Template:Linguo]] [[it:Template:lingua]] [[ja:Template:言語]] [[ko:Template:언어]] [[la:Formula:Lingua]] [[li:Sjabloon:Taal]] [[pl:Szablon:Język]] [[pt:Predefinição:Língua]] [[sl:Template:Language]] [[sv:Mall:språk]] [[th:Template:กล่องข้อมูล ภาษา]] [[tr:Şablon:Dil]] [[tt:Template:Tel]] [[vi:Tiêu bản:Tóm tắt về ngôn ngữ]] [[zh:Template:Infobox Language]] [[Category:Templates using ParserFunctions|{{PAGENAME}}]] </noinclude> 5213 2006-04-22T06:32:12Z Sasakthi 84 {| class="infobox bordered" style="width: 300px;" ! colspan="3" style="text-align: center; font-size:110%; color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}}; background-color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}} }};" |{{{name|Instructions at [[Template talk:Infobox Language]]}}} {{#if: {{{nativename|}}} | {{{nativename|}}}}}{{#if: {{{image|}}} |{{Infobox Language/image|{{{caption|}}}|{{{image|}}}}} }}{{#if: {{{pronunciation|}}} |{{Infobox Language/pronunciation|{{{pronunciation|}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |Created by |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |ලියන්නේ |කතා කරන්නේ}}}}: | colspan="{{#if: {{{date|}}} |1 |2}}" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |{{{creator|—}}}{{#if: {{{date|}}} |{{Infobox Language/creationdate|{{{date}}}}} }} |{{{states|{{{region|—}}}}}}}}{{#if: {{boolxor |{{{states|}}} |{{{region|}}}}} | |{{Infobox Language/statesregion |{{{creator|}}} |{{{setting|}}} |{{{familycolor|}}} |{{{region|—}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{extinct|}}} |[[Extinct language|Language extinction]] |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |ලියන ඡනගහනය |කතා කරන ඡනගහනය}}}}: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{extinct|}}} |{{{extinct}}} |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |{{{signers|—}}} |{{{speakers|—}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{rank|}}} |{{Infobox Language/rank|{{{rank|}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |Category (purpose) |[[භාෂා පවුල]]}}: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em; text-align: left;" | {{{family|{{{fam1|{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |''unknown'' |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |[[constructed language]] |{{Infobox Language/genetic|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{fam2|}}} |  {{{fam2|}}}   {{#if: {{{fam3|}}} |{{{fam3|}}}    {{#if: {{{fam4|}}} |{{{fam4|}}}     {{#if: {{{fam5|}}} |{{{fam5|}}}      {{#if: {{{fam6|}}} |{{{fam6|}}}       {{#if: {{{fam7|}}} |{{{fam7|}}}        {{#if: {{{fam8|}}} |{{{fam8|}}}         {{#if: {{{fam9|}}} |{{{fam9|}}}          {{#if: {{{fam10|}}} |{{{fam10|}}}           {{#if: {{{fam11|}}} |{{{fam11|}}}            {{#if: {{{fam12|}}} |{{{fam12|}}}             {{#if: {{{fam13|}}} |{{{fam13|}}}              {{#if: {{{fam14|}}} |{{{fam14|}}}               {{#if: {{{fam15|}}} |{{{fam15|}}}                '''{{{name|}}}''' |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |{{#if: {{booland |{{{name|}}} |{{boolnot|{{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}} |silver}}}}}} |'''  {{{name|}}}}}'''}}}}}{{#if: {{{script|}}} |{{Infobox Language/script|{{{script}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{posteriori|}}} |{{Infobox Language/aposteriori|{{{posteriori}}}}}}}{{#if: {{booland |{{{agency|}}} |{{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}} |black}}}} |{{Infobox Language/agency|{{{agency}}}}} |{{#if: {{{nation|}}}{{{agency|}}} |{{Infobox Language/official |1={{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}} |2={{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}} |3={{{nation|''නැත''}}} |4={{{agency|''පරිපාලනය කරනු නොලැබේ''}}}}}}}}} |- ! colspan="3" style="text-align: center; color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}}; background-color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}};" |භාෂා සංකේත |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-1]]: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{iso1|}}} |<tt>{{{iso1}}}</tt> |''none''}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-2]]: | colspan="{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |1 |2}}" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |<tt>{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |{{{iso2b|{{{iso2|—}}}}}} (B) |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |{{{iso2|sgn}}} |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |{{{iso2|art}}} |{{{iso2|to be added}}}}}}}}}</tt>{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |{{Infobox Language/terminological|{{{iso2t|{{{iso2|}}}}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-3|ISO/DIS 639-3]]: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{booland |{{{lc1|}}} |{{{lc2|}}}}} |{{#if: {{{lc3|}}} |variously |either}}:{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc1|}}}|{{{ld1|}}}|{{{ll1|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc2|}}}|{{{ld2|}}}|{{{ll2|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc3|}}}|{{{ld3|}}}|{{{ll3|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc4|}}}|{{{ld4|}}}|{{{ll4|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc5|}}}|{{{ld5|}}}|{{{ll5|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc6|}}}|{{{ld6|}}}|{{{ll6|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc7|}}}|{{{ld7|}}}|{{{ll7|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc8|}}}|{{{ld8|}}}|{{{ll8|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc9|}}}|{{{ld9|}}}|{{{ll9|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc10|}}}|{{{ld10|}}}|{{{ll10|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc11|}}}|{{{ld11|}}}|{{{ll11|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc12|}}}|{{{ld12|}}}|{{{ll12|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc13|}}}|{{{ld13|}}}|{{{ll13|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc14|}}}|{{{ld14|}}}|{{{ll14|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc15|}}}|{{{ld15|}}}|{{{ll15|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc16|}}}|{{{ld16|}}}|{{{ll16|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc17|}}}|{{{ld17|}}}|{{{ll17|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc18|}}}|{{{ld18|}}}|{{{ll18|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc19|}}}|{{{ld19|}}}|{{{ll19|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc20|}}}|{{{ld20|}}}|{{{ll20|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc21|}}}|{{{ld21|}}}|{{{ll21|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc22|}}}|{{{ld22|}}}|{{{ll22|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc23|}}}|{{{ld23|}}}|{{{ll23|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc24|}}}|{{{ld24|}}}|{{{ll24|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc25|}}}|{{{ld25|}}}|{{{ll25|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc26|}}}|{{{ld26|}}}|{{{ll26|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc27|}}}|{{{ld27|}}}|{{{ll27|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc28|}}}|{{{ld28|}}}|{{{ll28|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc29|}}}|{{{ld29|}}}|{{{ll29|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc30|}}}|{{{ld30|}}}|{{{ll30|}}}}} |{{#if: {{{lc1|}}} |<tt>[http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{lc1}}} {{{lc1}}}]</tt> — {{#if: {{{ll1|}}} |{{#if: {{booleq|{{{ll1|}}}|none}} |{{{ld1|}}} |[[{{{ll1}}}|{{{ld1|}}}]]}} |[[{{{ld1|}}}]]}} |{{#if: {{{iso3|}}} |{{#if: {{booleq|{{{iso3|}}}|none}} |''none'' |<tt>[http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{iso3}}} {{{iso3}}}]</tt>}} |—}}}}}}{{#if: {{{map|}}} |{{Infobox Language/map|{{{map|}}}}}}}{{Infobox Language/{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |signnotice |{{{notice|IPA notice}}}}}}} |}<noinclude> {{clear}} {{esoteric}} [[Category:Internal link templates|Infobox Language]] [[ca:Template:Llengua]] [[de:Vorlage:Infobox Sprache]] [[eo:Ŝablono:Informkesto lingvo]] [[es:Plantilla:Idioma]] [[fi:Malline:Kieli]] [[fr:Modèle:Langue]] [[fy:Berjocht:Taaltabel]] [[hu:Sablon:Nyelv]] [[ilo:Template:Pagsasao]] [[io:Template:Linguo]] [[it:Template:lingua]] [[ja:Template:言語]] [[ko:Template:언어]] [[la:Formula:Lingua]] [[li:Sjabloon:Taal]] [[pl:Szablon:Język]] [[pt:Predefinição:Língua]] [[sl:Template:Language]] [[sv:Mall:språk]] [[th:Template:กล่องข้อมูล ภาษา]] [[tr:Şablon:Dil]] [[tt:Template:Tel]] [[vi:Tiêu bản:Tóm tắt về ngôn ngữ]] [[zh:Template:Infobox Language]] [[Category:Templates using ParserFunctions|{{PAGENAME}}]] </noinclude> 5216 2006-04-22T06:36:40Z Sasakthi 84 {| class="infobox bordered" style="position:absolute; left:100%; top:1%;width: 300px;" ! colspan="3" style="text-align: center; font-size:110%; color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}}; background-color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}} }};" |{{{name|Instructions at [[Template talk:Infobox Language]]}}} {{#if: {{{nativename|}}} | {{{nativename|}}}}}{{#if: {{{image|}}} |{{Infobox Language/image|{{{caption|}}}|{{{image|}}}}} }}{{#if: {{{pronunciation|}}} |{{Infobox Language/pronunciation|{{{pronunciation|}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |Created by |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |ලියන්නේ |කතා කරන්නේ}}}}: | colspan="{{#if: {{{date|}}} |1 |2}}" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |{{{creator|—}}}{{#if: {{{date|}}} |{{Infobox Language/creationdate|{{{date}}}}} }} |{{{states|{{{region|—}}}}}}}}{{#if: {{boolxor |{{{states|}}} |{{{region|}}}}} | |{{Infobox Language/statesregion |{{{creator|}}} |{{{setting|}}} |{{{familycolor|}}} |{{{region|—}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{extinct|}}} |[[Extinct language|Language extinction]] |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |ලියන ඡනගහනය |කතා කරන ඡනගහනය}}}}: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{extinct|}}} |{{{extinct}}} |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |{{{signers|—}}} |{{{speakers|—}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{rank|}}} |{{Infobox Language/rank|{{{rank|}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |Category (purpose) |[[භාෂා පවුල]]}}: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em; text-align: left;" | {{{family|{{{fam1|{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |''unknown'' |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |[[constructed language]] |{{Infobox Language/genetic|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{fam2|}}} |  {{{fam2|}}}   {{#if: {{{fam3|}}} |{{{fam3|}}}    {{#if: {{{fam4|}}} |{{{fam4|}}}     {{#if: {{{fam5|}}} |{{{fam5|}}}      {{#if: {{{fam6|}}} |{{{fam6|}}}       {{#if: {{{fam7|}}} |{{{fam7|}}}        {{#if: {{{fam8|}}} |{{{fam8|}}}         {{#if: {{{fam9|}}} |{{{fam9|}}}          {{#if: {{{fam10|}}} |{{{fam10|}}}           {{#if: {{{fam11|}}} |{{{fam11|}}}            {{#if: {{{fam12|}}} |{{{fam12|}}}             {{#if: {{{fam13|}}} |{{{fam13|}}}              {{#if: {{{fam14|}}} |{{{fam14|}}}               {{#if: {{{fam15|}}} |{{{fam15|}}}                '''{{{name|}}}''' |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |{{#if: {{booland |{{{name|}}} |{{boolnot|{{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}} |silver}}}}}} |'''  {{{name|}}}}}'''}}}}}{{#if: {{{script|}}} |{{Infobox Language/script|{{{script}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{posteriori|}}} |{{Infobox Language/aposteriori|{{{posteriori}}}}}}}{{#if: {{booland |{{{agency|}}} |{{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}} |black}}}} |{{Infobox Language/agency|{{{agency}}}}} |{{#if: {{{nation|}}}{{{agency|}}} |{{Infobox Language/official |1={{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}} |2={{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}} |3={{{nation|''නැත''}}} |4={{{agency|''පරිපාලනය කරනු නොලැබේ''}}}}}}}}} |- ! colspan="3" style="text-align: center; color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}}; background-color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}};" |භාෂා සංකේත |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-1]]: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{iso1|}}} |<tt>{{{iso1}}}</tt> |''none''}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-2]]: | colspan="{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |1 |2}}" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |<tt>{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |{{{iso2b|{{{iso2|—}}}}}} (B) |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |{{{iso2|sgn}}} |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |{{{iso2|art}}} |{{{iso2|to be added}}}}}}}}}</tt>{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |{{Infobox Language/terminological|{{{iso2t|{{{iso2|}}}}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-3|ISO/DIS 639-3]]: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{booland |{{{lc1|}}} |{{{lc2|}}}}} |{{#if: {{{lc3|}}} |variously |either}}:{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc1|}}}|{{{ld1|}}}|{{{ll1|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc2|}}}|{{{ld2|}}}|{{{ll2|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc3|}}}|{{{ld3|}}}|{{{ll3|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc4|}}}|{{{ld4|}}}|{{{ll4|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc5|}}}|{{{ld5|}}}|{{{ll5|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc6|}}}|{{{ld6|}}}|{{{ll6|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc7|}}}|{{{ld7|}}}|{{{ll7|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc8|}}}|{{{ld8|}}}|{{{ll8|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc9|}}}|{{{ld9|}}}|{{{ll9|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc10|}}}|{{{ld10|}}}|{{{ll10|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc11|}}}|{{{ld11|}}}|{{{ll11|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc12|}}}|{{{ld12|}}}|{{{ll12|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc13|}}}|{{{ld13|}}}|{{{ll13|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc14|}}}|{{{ld14|}}}|{{{ll14|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc15|}}}|{{{ld15|}}}|{{{ll15|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc16|}}}|{{{ld16|}}}|{{{ll16|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc17|}}}|{{{ld17|}}}|{{{ll17|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc18|}}}|{{{ld18|}}}|{{{ll18|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc19|}}}|{{{ld19|}}}|{{{ll19|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc20|}}}|{{{ld20|}}}|{{{ll20|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc21|}}}|{{{ld21|}}}|{{{ll21|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc22|}}}|{{{ld22|}}}|{{{ll22|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc23|}}}|{{{ld23|}}}|{{{ll23|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc24|}}}|{{{ld24|}}}|{{{ll24|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc25|}}}|{{{ld25|}}}|{{{ll25|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc26|}}}|{{{ld26|}}}|{{{ll26|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc27|}}}|{{{ld27|}}}|{{{ll27|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc28|}}}|{{{ld28|}}}|{{{ll28|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc29|}}}|{{{ld29|}}}|{{{ll29|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc30|}}}|{{{ld30|}}}|{{{ll30|}}}}} |{{#if: {{{lc1|}}} |<tt>[http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{lc1}}} {{{lc1}}}]</tt> — {{#if: {{{ll1|}}} |{{#if: {{booleq|{{{ll1|}}}|none}} |{{{ld1|}}} |[[{{{ll1}}}|{{{ld1|}}}]]}} |[[{{{ld1|}}}]]}} |{{#if: {{{iso3|}}} |{{#if: {{booleq|{{{iso3|}}}|none}} |''none'' |<tt>[http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{iso3}}} {{{iso3}}}]</tt>}} |—}}}}}}{{#if: {{{map|}}} |{{Infobox Language/map|{{{map|}}}}}}}{{Infobox Language/{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |signnotice |{{{notice|IPA notice}}}}}}} |}<noinclude> {{clear}} {{esoteric}} [[Category:Internal link templates|Infobox Language]] [[ca:Template:Llengua]] [[de:Vorlage:Infobox Sprache]] [[eo:Ŝablono:Informkesto lingvo]] [[es:Plantilla:Idioma]] [[fi:Malline:Kieli]] [[fr:Modèle:Langue]] [[fy:Berjocht:Taaltabel]] [[hu:Sablon:Nyelv]] [[ilo:Template:Pagsasao]] [[io:Template:Linguo]] [[it:Template:lingua]] [[ja:Template:言語]] [[ko:Template:언어]] [[la:Formula:Lingua]] [[li:Sjabloon:Taal]] [[pl:Szablon:Język]] [[pt:Predefinição:Língua]] [[sl:Template:Language]] [[sv:Mall:språk]] [[th:Template:กล่องข้อมูล ภาษา]] [[tr:Şablon:Dil]] [[tt:Template:Tel]] [[vi:Tiêu bản:Tóm tắt về ngôn ngữ]] [[zh:Template:Infobox Language]] [[Category:Templates using ParserFunctions|{{PAGENAME}}]] </noinclude> 5217 2006-04-22T06:37:38Z Sasakthi 84 {| class="infobox bordered" style="position:absolute; left:50%; top:50%;width: 300px;" ! colspan="3" style="text-align: center; font-size:110%; color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}}; background-color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}} }};" |{{{name|Instructions at [[Template talk:Infobox Language]]}}} {{#if: {{{nativename|}}} | {{{nativename|}}}}}{{#if: {{{image|}}} |{{Infobox Language/image|{{{caption|}}}|{{{image|}}}}} }}{{#if: {{{pronunciation|}}} |{{Infobox Language/pronunciation|{{{pronunciation|}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |Created by |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |ලියන්නේ |කතා කරන්නේ}}}}: | colspan="{{#if: {{{date|}}} |1 |2}}" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |{{{creator|—}}}{{#if: {{{date|}}} |{{Infobox Language/creationdate|{{{date}}}}} }} |{{{states|{{{region|—}}}}}}}}{{#if: {{boolxor |{{{states|}}} |{{{region|}}}}} | |{{Infobox Language/statesregion |{{{creator|}}} |{{{setting|}}} |{{{familycolor|}}} |{{{region|—}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{extinct|}}} |[[Extinct language|Language extinction]] |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |ලියන ඡනගහනය |කතා කරන ඡනගහනය}}}}: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{extinct|}}} |{{{extinct}}} |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |{{{signers|—}}} |{{{speakers|—}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{rank|}}} |{{Infobox Language/rank|{{{rank|}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |Category (purpose) |[[භාෂා පවුල]]}}: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em; text-align: left;" | {{{family|{{{fam1|{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |''unknown'' |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |[[constructed language]] |{{Infobox Language/genetic|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{fam2|}}} |  {{{fam2|}}}   {{#if: {{{fam3|}}} |{{{fam3|}}}    {{#if: {{{fam4|}}} |{{{fam4|}}}     {{#if: {{{fam5|}}} |{{{fam5|}}}      {{#if: {{{fam6|}}} |{{{fam6|}}}       {{#if: {{{fam7|}}} |{{{fam7|}}}        {{#if: {{{fam8|}}} |{{{fam8|}}}         {{#if: {{{fam9|}}} |{{{fam9|}}}          {{#if: {{{fam10|}}} |{{{fam10|}}}           {{#if: {{{fam11|}}} |{{{fam11|}}}            {{#if: {{{fam12|}}} |{{{fam12|}}}             {{#if: {{{fam13|}}} |{{{fam13|}}}              {{#if: {{{fam14|}}} |{{{fam14|}}}               {{#if: {{{fam15|}}} |{{{fam15|}}}                '''{{{name|}}}''' |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |{{#if: {{booland |{{{name|}}} |{{boolnot|{{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}} |silver}}}}}} |'''  {{{name|}}}}}'''}}}}}{{#if: {{{script|}}} |{{Infobox Language/script|{{{script}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{posteriori|}}} |{{Infobox Language/aposteriori|{{{posteriori}}}}}}}{{#if: {{booland |{{{agency|}}} |{{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}} |black}}}} |{{Infobox Language/agency|{{{agency}}}}} |{{#if: {{{nation|}}}{{{agency|}}} |{{Infobox Language/official |1={{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}} |2={{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}} |3={{{nation|''නැත''}}} |4={{{agency|''පරිපාලනය කරනු නොලැබේ''}}}}}}}}} |- ! colspan="3" style="text-align: center; color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}}; background-color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}};" |භාෂා සංකේත |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-1]]: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{iso1|}}} |<tt>{{{iso1}}}</tt> |''none''}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-2]]: | colspan="{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |1 |2}}" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |<tt>{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |{{{iso2b|{{{iso2|—}}}}}} (B) |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |{{{iso2|sgn}}} |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |{{{iso2|art}}} |{{{iso2|to be added}}}}}}}}}</tt>{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |{{Infobox Language/terminological|{{{iso2t|{{{iso2|}}}}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-3|ISO/DIS 639-3]]: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{booland |{{{lc1|}}} |{{{lc2|}}}}} |{{#if: {{{lc3|}}} |variously |either}}:{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc1|}}}|{{{ld1|}}}|{{{ll1|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc2|}}}|{{{ld2|}}}|{{{ll2|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc3|}}}|{{{ld3|}}}|{{{ll3|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc4|}}}|{{{ld4|}}}|{{{ll4|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc5|}}}|{{{ld5|}}}|{{{ll5|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc6|}}}|{{{ld6|}}}|{{{ll6|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc7|}}}|{{{ld7|}}}|{{{ll7|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc8|}}}|{{{ld8|}}}|{{{ll8|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc9|}}}|{{{ld9|}}}|{{{ll9|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc10|}}}|{{{ld10|}}}|{{{ll10|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc11|}}}|{{{ld11|}}}|{{{ll11|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc12|}}}|{{{ld12|}}}|{{{ll12|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc13|}}}|{{{ld13|}}}|{{{ll13|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc14|}}}|{{{ld14|}}}|{{{ll14|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc15|}}}|{{{ld15|}}}|{{{ll15|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc16|}}}|{{{ld16|}}}|{{{ll16|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc17|}}}|{{{ld17|}}}|{{{ll17|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc18|}}}|{{{ld18|}}}|{{{ll18|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc19|}}}|{{{ld19|}}}|{{{ll19|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc20|}}}|{{{ld20|}}}|{{{ll20|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc21|}}}|{{{ld21|}}}|{{{ll21|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc22|}}}|{{{ld22|}}}|{{{ll22|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc23|}}}|{{{ld23|}}}|{{{ll23|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc24|}}}|{{{ld24|}}}|{{{ll24|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc25|}}}|{{{ld25|}}}|{{{ll25|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc26|}}}|{{{ld26|}}}|{{{ll26|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc27|}}}|{{{ld27|}}}|{{{ll27|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc28|}}}|{{{ld28|}}}|{{{ll28|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc29|}}}|{{{ld29|}}}|{{{ll29|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc30|}}}|{{{ld30|}}}|{{{ll30|}}}}} |{{#if: {{{lc1|}}} |<tt>[http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{lc1}}} {{{lc1}}}]</tt> — {{#if: {{{ll1|}}} |{{#if: {{booleq|{{{ll1|}}}|none}} |{{{ld1|}}} |[[{{{ll1}}}|{{{ld1|}}}]]}} |[[{{{ld1|}}}]]}} |{{#if: {{{iso3|}}} |{{#if: {{booleq|{{{iso3|}}}|none}} |''none'' |<tt>[http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{iso3}}} {{{iso3}}}]</tt>}} |—}}}}}}{{#if: {{{map|}}} |{{Infobox Language/map|{{{map|}}}}}}}{{Infobox Language/{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |signnotice |{{{notice|IPA notice}}}}}}} |}<noinclude> {{clear}} {{esoteric}} [[Category:Internal link templates|Infobox Language]] [[ca:Template:Llengua]] [[de:Vorlage:Infobox Sprache]] [[eo:Ŝablono:Informkesto lingvo]] [[es:Plantilla:Idioma]] [[fi:Malline:Kieli]] [[fr:Modèle:Langue]] [[fy:Berjocht:Taaltabel]] [[hu:Sablon:Nyelv]] [[ilo:Template:Pagsasao]] [[io:Template:Linguo]] [[it:Template:lingua]] [[ja:Template:言語]] [[ko:Template:언어]] [[la:Formula:Lingua]] [[li:Sjabloon:Taal]] [[pl:Szablon:Język]] [[pt:Predefinição:Língua]] [[sl:Template:Language]] [[sv:Mall:språk]] [[th:Template:กล่องข้อมูล ภาษา]] [[tr:Şablon:Dil]] [[tt:Template:Tel]] [[vi:Tiêu bản:Tóm tắt về ngôn ngữ]] [[zh:Template:Infobox Language]] [[Category:Templates using ParserFunctions|{{PAGENAME}}]] </noinclude> 5218 2006-04-22T06:38:23Z Sasakthi 84 {| class="infobox bordered" style="position:absolute; left:50%;width: 300px;" ! colspan="3" style="text-align: center; font-size:110%; color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}}; background-color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}} }};" |{{{name|Instructions at [[Template talk:Infobox Language]]}}} {{#if: {{{nativename|}}} | {{{nativename|}}}}}{{#if: {{{image|}}} |{{Infobox Language/image|{{{caption|}}}|{{{image|}}}}} }}{{#if: {{{pronunciation|}}} |{{Infobox Language/pronunciation|{{{pronunciation|}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |Created by |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |ලියන්නේ |කතා කරන්නේ}}}}: | colspan="{{#if: {{{date|}}} |1 |2}}" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |{{{creator|—}}}{{#if: {{{date|}}} |{{Infobox Language/creationdate|{{{date}}}}} }} |{{{states|{{{region|—}}}}}}}}{{#if: {{boolxor |{{{states|}}} |{{{region|}}}}} | |{{Infobox Language/statesregion |{{{creator|}}} |{{{setting|}}} |{{{familycolor|}}} |{{{region|—}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{extinct|}}} |[[Extinct language|Language extinction]] |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |ලියන ඡනගහනය |කතා කරන ඡනගහනය}}}}: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{extinct|}}} |{{{extinct}}} |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |{{{signers|—}}} |{{{speakers|—}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{rank|}}} |{{Infobox Language/rank|{{{rank|}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |Category (purpose) |[[භාෂා පවුල]]}}: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em; text-align: left;" | {{{family|{{{fam1|{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |''unknown'' |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |[[constructed language]] |{{Infobox Language/genetic|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{fam2|}}} |  {{{fam2|}}}   {{#if: {{{fam3|}}} |{{{fam3|}}}    {{#if: {{{fam4|}}} |{{{fam4|}}}     {{#if: {{{fam5|}}} |{{{fam5|}}}      {{#if: {{{fam6|}}} |{{{fam6|}}}       {{#if: {{{fam7|}}} |{{{fam7|}}}        {{#if: {{{fam8|}}} |{{{fam8|}}}         {{#if: {{{fam9|}}} |{{{fam9|}}}          {{#if: {{{fam10|}}} |{{{fam10|}}}           {{#if: {{{fam11|}}} |{{{fam11|}}}            {{#if: {{{fam12|}}} |{{{fam12|}}}             {{#if: {{{fam13|}}} |{{{fam13|}}}              {{#if: {{{fam14|}}} |{{{fam14|}}}               {{#if: {{{fam15|}}} |{{{fam15|}}}                '''{{{name|}}}''' |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |{{#if: {{booland |{{{name|}}} |{{boolnot|{{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}} |silver}}}}}} |'''  {{{name|}}}}}'''}}}}}{{#if: {{{script|}}} |{{Infobox Language/script|{{{script}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{posteriori|}}} |{{Infobox Language/aposteriori|{{{posteriori}}}}}}}{{#if: {{booland |{{{agency|}}} |{{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}} |black}}}} |{{Infobox Language/agency|{{{agency}}}}} |{{#if: {{{nation|}}}{{{agency|}}} |{{Infobox Language/official |1={{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}} |2={{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}} |3={{{nation|''නැත''}}} |4={{{agency|''පරිපාලනය කරනු නොලැබේ''}}}}}}}}} |- ! colspan="3" style="text-align: center; color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}}; background-color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}};" |භාෂා සංකේත |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-1]]: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{iso1|}}} |<tt>{{{iso1}}}</tt> |''none''}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-2]]: | colspan="{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |1 |2}}" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |<tt>{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |{{{iso2b|{{{iso2|—}}}}}} (B) |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |{{{iso2|sgn}}} |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |{{{iso2|art}}} |{{{iso2|to be added}}}}}}}}}</tt>{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |{{Infobox Language/terminological|{{{iso2t|{{{iso2|}}}}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-3|ISO/DIS 639-3]]: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{booland |{{{lc1|}}} |{{{lc2|}}}}} |{{#if: {{{lc3|}}} |variously |either}}:{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc1|}}}|{{{ld1|}}}|{{{ll1|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc2|}}}|{{{ld2|}}}|{{{ll2|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc3|}}}|{{{ld3|}}}|{{{ll3|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc4|}}}|{{{ld4|}}}|{{{ll4|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc5|}}}|{{{ld5|}}}|{{{ll5|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc6|}}}|{{{ld6|}}}|{{{ll6|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc7|}}}|{{{ld7|}}}|{{{ll7|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc8|}}}|{{{ld8|}}}|{{{ll8|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc9|}}}|{{{ld9|}}}|{{{ll9|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc10|}}}|{{{ld10|}}}|{{{ll10|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc11|}}}|{{{ld11|}}}|{{{ll11|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc12|}}}|{{{ld12|}}}|{{{ll12|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc13|}}}|{{{ld13|}}}|{{{ll13|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc14|}}}|{{{ld14|}}}|{{{ll14|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc15|}}}|{{{ld15|}}}|{{{ll15|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc16|}}}|{{{ld16|}}}|{{{ll16|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc17|}}}|{{{ld17|}}}|{{{ll17|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc18|}}}|{{{ld18|}}}|{{{ll18|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc19|}}}|{{{ld19|}}}|{{{ll19|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc20|}}}|{{{ld20|}}}|{{{ll20|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc21|}}}|{{{ld21|}}}|{{{ll21|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc22|}}}|{{{ld22|}}}|{{{ll22|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc23|}}}|{{{ld23|}}}|{{{ll23|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc24|}}}|{{{ld24|}}}|{{{ll24|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc25|}}}|{{{ld25|}}}|{{{ll25|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc26|}}}|{{{ld26|}}}|{{{ll26|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc27|}}}|{{{ld27|}}}|{{{ll27|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc28|}}}|{{{ld28|}}}|{{{ll28|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc29|}}}|{{{ld29|}}}|{{{ll29|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc30|}}}|{{{ld30|}}}|{{{ll30|}}}}} |{{#if: {{{lc1|}}} |<tt>[http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{lc1}}} {{{lc1}}}]</tt> — {{#if: {{{ll1|}}} |{{#if: {{booleq|{{{ll1|}}}|none}} |{{{ld1|}}} |[[{{{ll1}}}|{{{ld1|}}}]]}} |[[{{{ld1|}}}]]}} |{{#if: {{{iso3|}}} |{{#if: {{booleq|{{{iso3|}}}|none}} |''none'' |<tt>[http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{iso3}}} {{{iso3}}}]</tt>}} |—}}}}}}{{#if: {{{map|}}} |{{Infobox Language/map|{{{map|}}}}}}}{{Infobox Language/{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |signnotice |{{{notice|IPA notice}}}}}}} |}<noinclude> {{clear}} {{esoteric}} [[Category:Internal link templates|Infobox Language]] [[ca:Template:Llengua]] [[de:Vorlage:Infobox Sprache]] [[eo:Ŝablono:Informkesto lingvo]] [[es:Plantilla:Idioma]] [[fi:Malline:Kieli]] [[fr:Modèle:Langue]] [[fy:Berjocht:Taaltabel]] [[hu:Sablon:Nyelv]] [[ilo:Template:Pagsasao]] [[io:Template:Linguo]] [[it:Template:lingua]] [[ja:Template:言語]] [[ko:Template:언어]] [[la:Formula:Lingua]] [[li:Sjabloon:Taal]] [[pl:Szablon:Język]] [[pt:Predefinição:Língua]] [[sl:Template:Language]] [[sv:Mall:språk]] [[th:Template:กล่องข้อมูล ภาษา]] [[tr:Şablon:Dil]] [[tt:Template:Tel]] [[vi:Tiêu bản:Tóm tắt về ngôn ngữ]] [[zh:Template:Infobox Language]] [[Category:Templates using ParserFunctions|{{PAGENAME}}]] </noinclude> 5219 2006-04-22T06:38:51Z Sasakthi 84 {| class="infobox bordered" style="position:absolute; right:1%;width: 300px;" ! colspan="3" style="text-align: center; font-size:110%; color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}}; background-color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}} }};" |{{{name|Instructions at [[Template talk:Infobox Language]]}}} {{#if: {{{nativename|}}} | {{{nativename|}}}}}{{#if: {{{image|}}} |{{Infobox Language/image|{{{caption|}}}|{{{image|}}}}} }}{{#if: {{{pronunciation|}}} |{{Infobox Language/pronunciation|{{{pronunciation|}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |Created by |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |ලියන්නේ |කතා කරන්නේ}}}}: | colspan="{{#if: {{{date|}}} |1 |2}}" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |{{{creator|—}}}{{#if: {{{date|}}} |{{Infobox Language/creationdate|{{{date}}}}} }} |{{{states|{{{region|—}}}}}}}}{{#if: {{boolxor |{{{states|}}} |{{{region|}}}}} | |{{Infobox Language/statesregion |{{{creator|}}} |{{{setting|}}} |{{{familycolor|}}} |{{{region|—}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{extinct|}}} |[[Extinct language|Language extinction]] |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |ලියන ඡනගහනය |කතා කරන ඡනගහනය}}}}: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{extinct|}}} |{{{extinct}}} |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |{{{signers|—}}} |{{{speakers|—}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{rank|}}} |{{Infobox Language/rank|{{{rank|}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |Category (purpose) |[[භාෂා පවුල]]}}: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em; text-align: left;" | {{{family|{{{fam1|{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |''unknown'' |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |[[constructed language]] |{{Infobox Language/genetic|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{fam2|}}} |  {{{fam2|}}}   {{#if: {{{fam3|}}} |{{{fam3|}}}    {{#if: {{{fam4|}}} |{{{fam4|}}}     {{#if: {{{fam5|}}} |{{{fam5|}}}      {{#if: {{{fam6|}}} |{{{fam6|}}}       {{#if: {{{fam7|}}} |{{{fam7|}}}        {{#if: {{{fam8|}}} |{{{fam8|}}}         {{#if: {{{fam9|}}} |{{{fam9|}}}          {{#if: {{{fam10|}}} |{{{fam10|}}}           {{#if: {{{fam11|}}} |{{{fam11|}}}            {{#if: {{{fam12|}}} |{{{fam12|}}}             {{#if: {{{fam13|}}} |{{{fam13|}}}              {{#if: {{{fam14|}}} |{{{fam14|}}}               {{#if: {{{fam15|}}} |{{{fam15|}}}                '''{{{name|}}}''' |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |{{#if: {{booland |{{{name|}}} |{{boolnot|{{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}} |silver}}}}}} |'''  {{{name|}}}}}'''}}}}}{{#if: {{{script|}}} |{{Infobox Language/script|{{{script}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{posteriori|}}} |{{Infobox Language/aposteriori|{{{posteriori}}}}}}}{{#if: {{booland |{{{agency|}}} |{{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}} |black}}}} |{{Infobox Language/agency|{{{agency}}}}} |{{#if: {{{nation|}}}{{{agency|}}} |{{Infobox Language/official |1={{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}} |2={{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}} |3={{{nation|''නැත''}}} |4={{{agency|''පරිපාලනය කරනු නොලැබේ''}}}}}}}}} |- ! colspan="3" style="text-align: center; color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}}; background-color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}};" |භාෂා සංකේත |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-1]]: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{iso1|}}} |<tt>{{{iso1}}}</tt> |''none''}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-2]]: | colspan="{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |1 |2}}" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |<tt>{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |{{{iso2b|{{{iso2|—}}}}}} (B) |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |{{{iso2|sgn}}} |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |{{{iso2|art}}} |{{{iso2|to be added}}}}}}}}}</tt>{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |{{Infobox Language/terminological|{{{iso2t|{{{iso2|}}}}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-3|ISO/DIS 639-3]]: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{booland |{{{lc1|}}} |{{{lc2|}}}}} |{{#if: {{{lc3|}}} |variously |either}}:{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc1|}}}|{{{ld1|}}}|{{{ll1|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc2|}}}|{{{ld2|}}}|{{{ll2|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc3|}}}|{{{ld3|}}}|{{{ll3|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc4|}}}|{{{ld4|}}}|{{{ll4|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc5|}}}|{{{ld5|}}}|{{{ll5|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc6|}}}|{{{ld6|}}}|{{{ll6|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc7|}}}|{{{ld7|}}}|{{{ll7|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc8|}}}|{{{ld8|}}}|{{{ll8|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc9|}}}|{{{ld9|}}}|{{{ll9|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc10|}}}|{{{ld10|}}}|{{{ll10|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc11|}}}|{{{ld11|}}}|{{{ll11|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc12|}}}|{{{ld12|}}}|{{{ll12|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc13|}}}|{{{ld13|}}}|{{{ll13|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc14|}}}|{{{ld14|}}}|{{{ll14|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc15|}}}|{{{ld15|}}}|{{{ll15|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc16|}}}|{{{ld16|}}}|{{{ll16|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc17|}}}|{{{ld17|}}}|{{{ll17|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc18|}}}|{{{ld18|}}}|{{{ll18|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc19|}}}|{{{ld19|}}}|{{{ll19|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc20|}}}|{{{ld20|}}}|{{{ll20|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc21|}}}|{{{ld21|}}}|{{{ll21|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc22|}}}|{{{ld22|}}}|{{{ll22|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc23|}}}|{{{ld23|}}}|{{{ll23|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc24|}}}|{{{ld24|}}}|{{{ll24|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc25|}}}|{{{ld25|}}}|{{{ll25|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc26|}}}|{{{ld26|}}}|{{{ll26|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc27|}}}|{{{ld27|}}}|{{{ll27|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc28|}}}|{{{ld28|}}}|{{{ll28|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc29|}}}|{{{ld29|}}}|{{{ll29|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc30|}}}|{{{ld30|}}}|{{{ll30|}}}}} |{{#if: {{{lc1|}}} |<tt>[http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{lc1}}} {{{lc1}}}]</tt> — {{#if: {{{ll1|}}} |{{#if: {{booleq|{{{ll1|}}}|none}} |{{{ld1|}}} |[[{{{ll1}}}|{{{ld1|}}}]]}} |[[{{{ld1|}}}]]}} |{{#if: {{{iso3|}}} |{{#if: {{booleq|{{{iso3|}}}|none}} |''none'' |<tt>[http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{iso3}}} {{{iso3}}}]</tt>}} |—}}}}}}{{#if: {{{map|}}} |{{Infobox Language/map|{{{map|}}}}}}}{{Infobox Language/{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |signnotice |{{{notice|IPA notice}}}}}}} |}<noinclude> {{clear}} {{esoteric}} [[Category:Internal link templates|Infobox Language]] [[ca:Template:Llengua]] [[de:Vorlage:Infobox Sprache]] [[eo:Ŝablono:Informkesto lingvo]] [[es:Plantilla:Idioma]] [[fi:Malline:Kieli]] [[fr:Modèle:Langue]] [[fy:Berjocht:Taaltabel]] [[hu:Sablon:Nyelv]] [[ilo:Template:Pagsasao]] [[io:Template:Linguo]] [[it:Template:lingua]] [[ja:Template:言語]] [[ko:Template:언어]] [[la:Formula:Lingua]] [[li:Sjabloon:Taal]] [[pl:Szablon:Język]] [[pt:Predefinição:Língua]] [[sl:Template:Language]] [[sv:Mall:språk]] [[th:Template:กล่องข้อมูล ภาษา]] [[tr:Şablon:Dil]] [[tt:Template:Tel]] [[vi:Tiêu bản:Tóm tắt về ngôn ngữ]] [[zh:Template:Infobox Language]] [[Category:Templates using ParserFunctions|{{PAGENAME}}]] </noinclude> 5220 2006-04-22T06:39:48Z Sasakthi 84 {| class="infobox bordered" style="position:absolute; right:1%;width: 300px;z-index:0" ! colspan="3" style="text-align: center; font-size:110%; color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}}; background-color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}} }};" |{{{name|Instructions at [[Template talk:Infobox Language]]}}} {{#if: {{{nativename|}}} | {{{nativename|}}}}}{{#if: {{{image|}}} |{{Infobox Language/image|{{{caption|}}}|{{{image|}}}}} }}{{#if: {{{pronunciation|}}} |{{Infobox Language/pronunciation|{{{pronunciation|}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |Created by |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |ලියන්නේ |කතා කරන්නේ}}}}: | colspan="{{#if: {{{date|}}} |1 |2}}" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |{{{creator|—}}}{{#if: {{{date|}}} |{{Infobox Language/creationdate|{{{date}}}}} }} |{{{states|{{{region|—}}}}}}}}{{#if: {{boolxor |{{{states|}}} |{{{region|}}}}} | |{{Infobox Language/statesregion |{{{creator|}}} |{{{setting|}}} |{{{familycolor|}}} |{{{region|—}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{extinct|}}} |[[Extinct language|Language extinction]] |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |ලියන ඡනගහනය |කතා කරන ඡනගහනය}}}}: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{extinct|}}} |{{{extinct}}} |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |{{{signers|—}}} |{{{speakers|—}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{rank|}}} |{{Infobox Language/rank|{{{rank|}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |Category (purpose) |[[භාෂා පවුල]]}}: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em; text-align: left;" | {{{family|{{{fam1|{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |''unknown'' |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |[[constructed language]] |{{Infobox Language/genetic|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{fam2|}}} |  {{{fam2|}}}   {{#if: {{{fam3|}}} |{{{fam3|}}}    {{#if: {{{fam4|}}} |{{{fam4|}}}     {{#if: {{{fam5|}}} |{{{fam5|}}}      {{#if: {{{fam6|}}} |{{{fam6|}}}       {{#if: {{{fam7|}}} |{{{fam7|}}}        {{#if: {{{fam8|}}} |{{{fam8|}}}         {{#if: {{{fam9|}}} |{{{fam9|}}}          {{#if: {{{fam10|}}} |{{{fam10|}}}           {{#if: {{{fam11|}}} |{{{fam11|}}}            {{#if: {{{fam12|}}} |{{{fam12|}}}             {{#if: {{{fam13|}}} |{{{fam13|}}}              {{#if: {{{fam14|}}} |{{{fam14|}}}               {{#if: {{{fam15|}}} |{{{fam15|}}}                '''{{{name|}}}''' |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |{{#if: {{booland |{{{name|}}} |{{boolnot|{{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}} |silver}}}}}} |'''  {{{name|}}}}}'''}}}}}{{#if: {{{script|}}} |{{Infobox Language/script|{{{script}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{posteriori|}}} |{{Infobox Language/aposteriori|{{{posteriori}}}}}}}{{#if: {{booland |{{{agency|}}} |{{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}} |black}}}} |{{Infobox Language/agency|{{{agency}}}}} |{{#if: {{{nation|}}}{{{agency|}}} |{{Infobox Language/official |1={{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}} |2={{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}} |3={{{nation|''නැත''}}} |4={{{agency|''පරිපාලනය කරනු නොලැබේ''}}}}}}}}} |- ! colspan="3" style="text-align: center; color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}}; background-color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}};" |භාෂා සංකේත |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-1]]: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{iso1|}}} |<tt>{{{iso1}}}</tt> |''none''}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-2]]: | colspan="{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |1 |2}}" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |<tt>{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |{{{iso2b|{{{iso2|—}}}}}} (B) |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |{{{iso2|sgn}}} |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |{{{iso2|art}}} |{{{iso2|to be added}}}}}}}}}</tt>{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |{{Infobox Language/terminological|{{{iso2t|{{{iso2|}}}}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-3|ISO/DIS 639-3]]: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{booland |{{{lc1|}}} |{{{lc2|}}}}} |{{#if: {{{lc3|}}} |variously |either}}:{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc1|}}}|{{{ld1|}}}|{{{ll1|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc2|}}}|{{{ld2|}}}|{{{ll2|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc3|}}}|{{{ld3|}}}|{{{ll3|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc4|}}}|{{{ld4|}}}|{{{ll4|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc5|}}}|{{{ld5|}}}|{{{ll5|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc6|}}}|{{{ld6|}}}|{{{ll6|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc7|}}}|{{{ld7|}}}|{{{ll7|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc8|}}}|{{{ld8|}}}|{{{ll8|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc9|}}}|{{{ld9|}}}|{{{ll9|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc10|}}}|{{{ld10|}}}|{{{ll10|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc11|}}}|{{{ld11|}}}|{{{ll11|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc12|}}}|{{{ld12|}}}|{{{ll12|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc13|}}}|{{{ld13|}}}|{{{ll13|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc14|}}}|{{{ld14|}}}|{{{ll14|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc15|}}}|{{{ld15|}}}|{{{ll15|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc16|}}}|{{{ld16|}}}|{{{ll16|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc17|}}}|{{{ld17|}}}|{{{ll17|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc18|}}}|{{{ld18|}}}|{{{ll18|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc19|}}}|{{{ld19|}}}|{{{ll19|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc20|}}}|{{{ld20|}}}|{{{ll20|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc21|}}}|{{{ld21|}}}|{{{ll21|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc22|}}}|{{{ld22|}}}|{{{ll22|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc23|}}}|{{{ld23|}}}|{{{ll23|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc24|}}}|{{{ld24|}}}|{{{ll24|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc25|}}}|{{{ld25|}}}|{{{ll25|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc26|}}}|{{{ld26|}}}|{{{ll26|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc27|}}}|{{{ld27|}}}|{{{ll27|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc28|}}}|{{{ld28|}}}|{{{ll28|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc29|}}}|{{{ld29|}}}|{{{ll29|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc30|}}}|{{{ld30|}}}|{{{ll30|}}}}} |{{#if: {{{lc1|}}} |<tt>[http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{lc1}}} {{{lc1}}}]</tt> — {{#if: {{{ll1|}}} |{{#if: {{booleq|{{{ll1|}}}|none}} |{{{ld1|}}} |[[{{{ll1}}}|{{{ld1|}}}]]}} |[[{{{ld1|}}}]]}} |{{#if: {{{iso3|}}} |{{#if: {{booleq|{{{iso3|}}}|none}} |''none'' |<tt>[http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{iso3}}} {{{iso3}}}]</tt>}} |—}}}}}}{{#if: {{{map|}}} |{{Infobox Language/map|{{{map|}}}}}}}{{Infobox Language/{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |signnotice |{{{notice|IPA notice}}}}}}} |}<noinclude> {{clear}} {{esoteric}} [[Category:Internal link templates|Infobox Language]] [[ca:Template:Llengua]] [[de:Vorlage:Infobox Sprache]] [[eo:Ŝablono:Informkesto lingvo]] [[es:Plantilla:Idioma]] [[fi:Malline:Kieli]] [[fr:Modèle:Langue]] [[fy:Berjocht:Taaltabel]] [[hu:Sablon:Nyelv]] [[ilo:Template:Pagsasao]] [[io:Template:Linguo]] [[it:Template:lingua]] [[ja:Template:言語]] [[ko:Template:언어]] [[la:Formula:Lingua]] [[li:Sjabloon:Taal]] [[pl:Szablon:Język]] [[pt:Predefinição:Língua]] [[sl:Template:Language]] [[sv:Mall:språk]] [[th:Template:กล่องข้อมูล ภาษา]] [[tr:Şablon:Dil]] [[tt:Template:Tel]] [[vi:Tiêu bản:Tóm tắt về ngôn ngữ]] [[zh:Template:Infobox Language]] [[Category:Templates using ParserFunctions|{{PAGENAME}}]] </noinclude> 5221 2006-04-22T06:45:45Z Sasakthi 84 {| class="infobox bordered" style="position:absolute; right:1%;width: 300px;z-index:0 float:none" ! colspan="3" style="text-align: center; font-size:110%; color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}}; background-color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}} }};" |{{{name|Instructions at [[Template talk:Infobox Language]]}}} {{#if: {{{nativename|}}} | {{{nativename|}}}}}{{#if: {{{image|}}} |{{Infobox Language/image|{{{caption|}}}|{{{image|}}}}} }}{{#if: {{{pronunciation|}}} |{{Infobox Language/pronunciation|{{{pronunciation|}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |Created by |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |ලියන්නේ |කතා කරන්නේ}}}}: | colspan="{{#if: {{{date|}}} |1 |2}}" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |{{{creator|—}}}{{#if: {{{date|}}} |{{Infobox Language/creationdate|{{{date}}}}} }} |{{{states|{{{region|—}}}}}}}}{{#if: {{boolxor |{{{states|}}} |{{{region|}}}}} | |{{Infobox Language/statesregion |{{{creator|}}} |{{{setting|}}} |{{{familycolor|}}} |{{{region|—}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{extinct|}}} |[[Extinct language|Language extinction]] |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |ලියන ඡනගහනය |කතා කරන ඡනගහනය}}}}: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{extinct|}}} |{{{extinct}}} |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |{{{signers|—}}} |{{{speakers|—}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{rank|}}} |{{Infobox Language/rank|{{{rank|}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |Category (purpose) |[[භාෂා පවුල]]}}: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em; text-align: left;" | {{{family|{{{fam1|{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |''unknown'' |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |[[constructed language]] |{{Infobox Language/genetic|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{fam2|}}} |  {{{fam2|}}}   {{#if: {{{fam3|}}} |{{{fam3|}}}    {{#if: {{{fam4|}}} |{{{fam4|}}}     {{#if: {{{fam5|}}} |{{{fam5|}}}      {{#if: {{{fam6|}}} |{{{fam6|}}}       {{#if: {{{fam7|}}} |{{{fam7|}}}        {{#if: {{{fam8|}}} |{{{fam8|}}}         {{#if: {{{fam9|}}} |{{{fam9|}}}          {{#if: {{{fam10|}}} |{{{fam10|}}}           {{#if: {{{fam11|}}} |{{{fam11|}}}            {{#if: {{{fam12|}}} |{{{fam12|}}}             {{#if: {{{fam13|}}} |{{{fam13|}}}              {{#if: {{{fam14|}}} |{{{fam14|}}}               {{#if: {{{fam15|}}} |{{{fam15|}}}                '''{{{name|}}}''' |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |{{#if: {{booland |{{{name|}}} |{{boolnot|{{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}} |silver}}}}}} |'''  {{{name|}}}}}'''}}}}}{{#if: {{{script|}}} |{{Infobox Language/script|{{{script}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{posteriori|}}} |{{Infobox Language/aposteriori|{{{posteriori}}}}}}}{{#if: {{booland |{{{agency|}}} |{{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}} |black}}}} |{{Infobox Language/agency|{{{agency}}}}} |{{#if: {{{nation|}}}{{{agency|}}} |{{Infobox Language/official |1={{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}} |2={{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}} |3={{{nation|''නැත''}}} |4={{{agency|''පරිපාලනය කරනු නොලැබේ''}}}}}}}}} |- ! colspan="3" style="text-align: center; color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}}; background-color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}};" |භාෂා සංකේත |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-1]]: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{iso1|}}} |<tt>{{{iso1}}}</tt> |''none''}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-2]]: | colspan="{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |1 |2}}" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |<tt>{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |{{{iso2b|{{{iso2|—}}}}}} (B) |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |{{{iso2|sgn}}} |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |{{{iso2|art}}} |{{{iso2|to be added}}}}}}}}}</tt>{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |{{Infobox Language/terminological|{{{iso2t|{{{iso2|}}}}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-3|ISO/DIS 639-3]]: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{booland |{{{lc1|}}} |{{{lc2|}}}}} |{{#if: {{{lc3|}}} |variously |either}}:{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc1|}}}|{{{ld1|}}}|{{{ll1|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc2|}}}|{{{ld2|}}}|{{{ll2|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc3|}}}|{{{ld3|}}}|{{{ll3|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc4|}}}|{{{ld4|}}}|{{{ll4|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc5|}}}|{{{ld5|}}}|{{{ll5|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc6|}}}|{{{ld6|}}}|{{{ll6|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc7|}}}|{{{ld7|}}}|{{{ll7|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc8|}}}|{{{ld8|}}}|{{{ll8|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc9|}}}|{{{ld9|}}}|{{{ll9|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc10|}}}|{{{ld10|}}}|{{{ll10|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc11|}}}|{{{ld11|}}}|{{{ll11|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc12|}}}|{{{ld12|}}}|{{{ll12|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc13|}}}|{{{ld13|}}}|{{{ll13|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc14|}}}|{{{ld14|}}}|{{{ll14|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc15|}}}|{{{ld15|}}}|{{{ll15|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc16|}}}|{{{ld16|}}}|{{{ll16|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc17|}}}|{{{ld17|}}}|{{{ll17|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc18|}}}|{{{ld18|}}}|{{{ll18|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc19|}}}|{{{ld19|}}}|{{{ll19|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc20|}}}|{{{ld20|}}}|{{{ll20|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc21|}}}|{{{ld21|}}}|{{{ll21|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc22|}}}|{{{ld22|}}}|{{{ll22|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc23|}}}|{{{ld23|}}}|{{{ll23|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc24|}}}|{{{ld24|}}}|{{{ll24|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc25|}}}|{{{ld25|}}}|{{{ll25|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc26|}}}|{{{ld26|}}}|{{{ll26|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc27|}}}|{{{ld27|}}}|{{{ll27|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc28|}}}|{{{ld28|}}}|{{{ll28|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc29|}}}|{{{ld29|}}}|{{{ll29|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc30|}}}|{{{ld30|}}}|{{{ll30|}}}}} |{{#if: {{{lc1|}}} |<tt>[http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{lc1}}} {{{lc1}}}]</tt> — {{#if: {{{ll1|}}} |{{#if: {{booleq|{{{ll1|}}}|none}} |{{{ld1|}}} |[[{{{ll1}}}|{{{ld1|}}}]]}} |[[{{{ld1|}}}]]}} |{{#if: {{{iso3|}}} |{{#if: {{booleq|{{{iso3|}}}|none}} |''none'' |<tt>[http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{iso3}}} {{{iso3}}}]</tt>}} |—}}}}}}{{#if: {{{map|}}} |{{Infobox Language/map|{{{map|}}}}}}}{{Infobox Language/{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |signnotice |{{{notice|IPA notice}}}}}}} |}<noinclude> {{clear}} {{esoteric}} [[Category:Internal link templates|Infobox Language]] [[ca:Template:Llengua]] [[de:Vorlage:Infobox Sprache]] [[eo:Ŝablono:Informkesto lingvo]] [[es:Plantilla:Idioma]] [[fi:Malline:Kieli]] [[fr:Modèle:Langue]] [[fy:Berjocht:Taaltabel]] [[hu:Sablon:Nyelv]] [[ilo:Template:Pagsasao]] [[io:Template:Linguo]] [[it:Template:lingua]] [[ja:Template:言語]] [[ko:Template:언어]] [[la:Formula:Lingua]] [[li:Sjabloon:Taal]] [[pl:Szablon:Język]] [[pt:Predefinição:Língua]] [[sl:Template:Language]] [[sv:Mall:språk]] [[th:Template:กล่องข้อมูล ภาษา]] [[tr:Şablon:Dil]] [[tt:Template:Tel]] [[vi:Tiêu bản:Tóm tắt về ngôn ngữ]] [[zh:Template:Infobox Language]] [[Category:Templates using ParserFunctions|{{PAGENAME}}]] </noinclude> 5222 2006-04-22T06:54:12Z Sasakthi 84 {| class="infobox bordered" text-align:right; font-size:80%width: 300px;" ! colspan="3" style="text-align: center; font-size:110%; color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}}; background-color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}} }};" |{{{name|Instructions at [[Template talk:Infobox Language]]}}} {{#if: {{{nativename|}}} | {{{nativename|}}}}}{{#if: {{{image|}}} |{{Infobox Language/image|{{{caption|}}}|{{{image|}}}}} }}{{#if: {{{pronunciation|}}} |{{Infobox Language/pronunciation|{{{pronunciation|}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |Created by |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |ලියන්නේ |කතා කරන්නේ}}}}: | colspan="{{#if: {{{date|}}} |1 |2}}" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |{{{creator|—}}}{{#if: {{{date|}}} |{{Infobox Language/creationdate|{{{date}}}}} }} |{{{states|{{{region|—}}}}}}}}{{#if: {{boolxor |{{{states|}}} |{{{region|}}}}} | |{{Infobox Language/statesregion |{{{creator|}}} |{{{setting|}}} |{{{familycolor|}}} |{{{region|—}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{extinct|}}} |[[Extinct language|Language extinction]] |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |ලියන ඡනගහනය |කතා කරන ඡනගහනය}}}}: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{extinct|}}} |{{{extinct}}} |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |{{{signers|—}}} |{{{speakers|—}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{rank|}}} |{{Infobox Language/rank|{{{rank|}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |Category (purpose) |[[භාෂා පවුල]]}}: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em; text-align: left;" | {{{family|{{{fam1|{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |''unknown'' |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |[[constructed language]] |{{Infobox Language/genetic|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{fam2|}}} |  {{{fam2|}}}   {{#if: {{{fam3|}}} |{{{fam3|}}}    {{#if: {{{fam4|}}} |{{{fam4|}}}     {{#if: {{{fam5|}}} |{{{fam5|}}}      {{#if: {{{fam6|}}} |{{{fam6|}}}       {{#if: {{{fam7|}}} |{{{fam7|}}}        {{#if: {{{fam8|}}} |{{{fam8|}}}         {{#if: {{{fam9|}}} |{{{fam9|}}}          {{#if: {{{fam10|}}} |{{{fam10|}}}           {{#if: {{{fam11|}}} |{{{fam11|}}}            {{#if: {{{fam12|}}} |{{{fam12|}}}             {{#if: {{{fam13|}}} |{{{fam13|}}}              {{#if: {{{fam14|}}} |{{{fam14|}}}               {{#if: {{{fam15|}}} |{{{fam15|}}}                '''{{{name|}}}''' |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |{{#if: {{booland |{{{name|}}} |{{boolnot|{{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}} |silver}}}}}} |'''  {{{name|}}}}}'''}}}}}{{#if: {{{script|}}} |{{Infobox Language/script|{{{script}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{posteriori|}}} |{{Infobox Language/aposteriori|{{{posteriori}}}}}}}{{#if: {{booland |{{{agency|}}} |{{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}} |black}}}} |{{Infobox Language/agency|{{{agency}}}}} |{{#if: {{{nation|}}}{{{agency|}}} |{{Infobox Language/official |1={{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}} |2={{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}} |3={{{nation|''නැත''}}} |4={{{agency|''පරිපාලනය කරනු නොලැබේ''}}}}}}}}} |- ! colspan="3" style="text-align: center; color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}}; background-color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}};" |භාෂා සංකේත |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-1]]: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{iso1|}}} |<tt>{{{iso1}}}</tt> |''none''}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-2]]: | colspan="{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |1 |2}}" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |<tt>{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |{{{iso2b|{{{iso2|—}}}}}} (B) |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |{{{iso2|sgn}}} |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |{{{iso2|art}}} |{{{iso2|to be added}}}}}}}}}</tt>{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |{{Infobox Language/terminological|{{{iso2t|{{{iso2|}}}}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-3|ISO/DIS 639-3]]: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{booland |{{{lc1|}}} |{{{lc2|}}}}} |{{#if: {{{lc3|}}} |variously |either}}:{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc1|}}}|{{{ld1|}}}|{{{ll1|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc2|}}}|{{{ld2|}}}|{{{ll2|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc3|}}}|{{{ld3|}}}|{{{ll3|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc4|}}}|{{{ld4|}}}|{{{ll4|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc5|}}}|{{{ld5|}}}|{{{ll5|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc6|}}}|{{{ld6|}}}|{{{ll6|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc7|}}}|{{{ld7|}}}|{{{ll7|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc8|}}}|{{{ld8|}}}|{{{ll8|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc9|}}}|{{{ld9|}}}|{{{ll9|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc10|}}}|{{{ld10|}}}|{{{ll10|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc11|}}}|{{{ld11|}}}|{{{ll11|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc12|}}}|{{{ld12|}}}|{{{ll12|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc13|}}}|{{{ld13|}}}|{{{ll13|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc14|}}}|{{{ld14|}}}|{{{ll14|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc15|}}}|{{{ld15|}}}|{{{ll15|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc16|}}}|{{{ld16|}}}|{{{ll16|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc17|}}}|{{{ld17|}}}|{{{ll17|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc18|}}}|{{{ld18|}}}|{{{ll18|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc19|}}}|{{{ld19|}}}|{{{ll19|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc20|}}}|{{{ld20|}}}|{{{ll20|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc21|}}}|{{{ld21|}}}|{{{ll21|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc22|}}}|{{{ld22|}}}|{{{ll22|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc23|}}}|{{{ld23|}}}|{{{ll23|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc24|}}}|{{{ld24|}}}|{{{ll24|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc25|}}}|{{{ld25|}}}|{{{ll25|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc26|}}}|{{{ld26|}}}|{{{ll26|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc27|}}}|{{{ld27|}}}|{{{ll27|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc28|}}}|{{{ld28|}}}|{{{ll28|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc29|}}}|{{{ld29|}}}|{{{ll29|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc30|}}}|{{{ld30|}}}|{{{ll30|}}}}} |{{#if: {{{lc1|}}} |<tt>[http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{lc1}}} {{{lc1}}}]</tt> — {{#if: {{{ll1|}}} |{{#if: {{booleq|{{{ll1|}}}|none}} |{{{ld1|}}} |[[{{{ll1}}}|{{{ld1|}}}]]}} |[[{{{ld1|}}}]]}} |{{#if: {{{iso3|}}} |{{#if: {{booleq|{{{iso3|}}}|none}} |''none'' |<tt>[http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{iso3}}} {{{iso3}}}]</tt>}} |—}}}}}}{{#if: {{{map|}}} |{{Infobox Language/map|{{{map|}}}}}}}{{Infobox Language/{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |signnotice |{{{notice|IPA notice}}}}}}} |}<noinclude> {{clear}} {{esoteric}} [[Category:Internal link templates|Infobox Language]] [[ca:Template:Llengua]] [[de:Vorlage:Infobox Sprache]] [[eo:Ŝablono:Informkesto lingvo]] [[es:Plantilla:Idioma]] [[fi:Malline:Kieli]] [[fr:Modèle:Langue]] [[fy:Berjocht:Taaltabel]] [[hu:Sablon:Nyelv]] [[ilo:Template:Pagsasao]] [[io:Template:Linguo]] [[it:Template:lingua]] [[ja:Template:言語]] [[ko:Template:언어]] [[la:Formula:Lingua]] [[li:Sjabloon:Taal]] [[pl:Szablon:Język]] [[pt:Predefinição:Língua]] [[sl:Template:Language]] [[sv:Mall:språk]] [[th:Template:กล่องข้อมูล ภาษา]] [[tr:Şablon:Dil]] [[tt:Template:Tel]] [[vi:Tiêu bản:Tóm tắt về ngôn ngữ]] [[zh:Template:Infobox Language]] [[Category:Templates using ParserFunctions|{{PAGENAME}}]] </noinclude> 5223 2006-04-22T06:54:45Z Sasakthi 84 {| class="infobox bordered" style-"text-align:right; font-size:80%width: 300px;" ! colspan="3" style="text-align: center; font-size:110%; color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}}; background-color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}} }};" |{{{name|Instructions at [[Template talk:Infobox Language]]}}} {{#if: {{{nativename|}}} | {{{nativename|}}}}}{{#if: {{{image|}}} |{{Infobox Language/image|{{{caption|}}}|{{{image|}}}}} }}{{#if: {{{pronunciation|}}} |{{Infobox Language/pronunciation|{{{pronunciation|}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |Created by |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |ලියන්නේ |කතා කරන්නේ}}}}: | colspan="{{#if: {{{date|}}} |1 |2}}" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |{{{creator|—}}}{{#if: {{{date|}}} |{{Infobox Language/creationdate|{{{date}}}}} }} |{{{states|{{{region|—}}}}}}}}{{#if: {{boolxor |{{{states|}}} |{{{region|}}}}} | |{{Infobox Language/statesregion |{{{creator|}}} |{{{setting|}}} |{{{familycolor|}}} |{{{region|—}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{extinct|}}} |[[Extinct language|Language extinction]] |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |ලියන ඡනගහනය |කතා කරන ඡනගහනය}}}}: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{extinct|}}} |{{{extinct}}} |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |{{{signers|—}}} |{{{speakers|—}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{rank|}}} |{{Infobox Language/rank|{{{rank|}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |Category (purpose) |[[භාෂා පවුල]]}}: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em; text-align: left;" | {{{family|{{{fam1|{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |''unknown'' |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |[[constructed language]] |{{Infobox Language/genetic|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{fam2|}}} |  {{{fam2|}}}   {{#if: {{{fam3|}}} |{{{fam3|}}}    {{#if: {{{fam4|}}} |{{{fam4|}}}     {{#if: {{{fam5|}}} |{{{fam5|}}}      {{#if: {{{fam6|}}} |{{{fam6|}}}       {{#if: {{{fam7|}}} |{{{fam7|}}}        {{#if: {{{fam8|}}} |{{{fam8|}}}         {{#if: {{{fam9|}}} |{{{fam9|}}}          {{#if: {{{fam10|}}} |{{{fam10|}}}           {{#if: {{{fam11|}}} |{{{fam11|}}}            {{#if: {{{fam12|}}} |{{{fam12|}}}             {{#if: {{{fam13|}}} |{{{fam13|}}}              {{#if: {{{fam14|}}} |{{{fam14|}}}               {{#if: {{{fam15|}}} |{{{fam15|}}}                '''{{{name|}}}''' |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |{{#if: {{booland |{{{name|}}} |{{boolnot|{{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}} |silver}}}}}} |'''  {{{name|}}}}}'''}}}}}{{#if: {{{script|}}} |{{Infobox Language/script|{{{script}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{posteriori|}}} |{{Infobox Language/aposteriori|{{{posteriori}}}}}}}{{#if: {{booland |{{{agency|}}} |{{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}} |black}}}} |{{Infobox Language/agency|{{{agency}}}}} |{{#if: {{{nation|}}}{{{agency|}}} |{{Infobox Language/official |1={{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}} |2={{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}} |3={{{nation|''නැත''}}} |4={{{agency|''පරිපාලනය කරනු නොලැබේ''}}}}}}}}} |- ! colspan="3" style="text-align: center; color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}}; background-color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}};" |භාෂා සංකේත |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-1]]: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{iso1|}}} |<tt>{{{iso1}}}</tt> |''none''}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-2]]: | colspan="{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |1 |2}}" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |<tt>{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |{{{iso2b|{{{iso2|—}}}}}} (B) |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |{{{iso2|sgn}}} |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |{{{iso2|art}}} |{{{iso2|to be added}}}}}}}}}</tt>{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |{{Infobox Language/terminological|{{{iso2t|{{{iso2|}}}}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-3|ISO/DIS 639-3]]: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{booland |{{{lc1|}}} |{{{lc2|}}}}} |{{#if: {{{lc3|}}} |variously |either}}:{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc1|}}}|{{{ld1|}}}|{{{ll1|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc2|}}}|{{{ld2|}}}|{{{ll2|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc3|}}}|{{{ld3|}}}|{{{ll3|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc4|}}}|{{{ld4|}}}|{{{ll4|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc5|}}}|{{{ld5|}}}|{{{ll5|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc6|}}}|{{{ld6|}}}|{{{ll6|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc7|}}}|{{{ld7|}}}|{{{ll7|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc8|}}}|{{{ld8|}}}|{{{ll8|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc9|}}}|{{{ld9|}}}|{{{ll9|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc10|}}}|{{{ld10|}}}|{{{ll10|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc11|}}}|{{{ld11|}}}|{{{ll11|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc12|}}}|{{{ld12|}}}|{{{ll12|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc13|}}}|{{{ld13|}}}|{{{ll13|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc14|}}}|{{{ld14|}}}|{{{ll14|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc15|}}}|{{{ld15|}}}|{{{ll15|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc16|}}}|{{{ld16|}}}|{{{ll16|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc17|}}}|{{{ld17|}}}|{{{ll17|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc18|}}}|{{{ld18|}}}|{{{ll18|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc19|}}}|{{{ld19|}}}|{{{ll19|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc20|}}}|{{{ld20|}}}|{{{ll20|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc21|}}}|{{{ld21|}}}|{{{ll21|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc22|}}}|{{{ld22|}}}|{{{ll22|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc23|}}}|{{{ld23|}}}|{{{ll23|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc24|}}}|{{{ld24|}}}|{{{ll24|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc25|}}}|{{{ld25|}}}|{{{ll25|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc26|}}}|{{{ld26|}}}|{{{ll26|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc27|}}}|{{{ld27|}}}|{{{ll27|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc28|}}}|{{{ld28|}}}|{{{ll28|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc29|}}}|{{{ld29|}}}|{{{ll29|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc30|}}}|{{{ld30|}}}|{{{ll30|}}}}} |{{#if: {{{lc1|}}} |<tt>[http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{lc1}}} {{{lc1}}}]</tt> — {{#if: {{{ll1|}}} |{{#if: {{booleq|{{{ll1|}}}|none}} |{{{ld1|}}} |[[{{{ll1}}}|{{{ld1|}}}]]}} |[[{{{ld1|}}}]]}} |{{#if: {{{iso3|}}} |{{#if: {{booleq|{{{iso3|}}}|none}} |''none'' |<tt>[http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{iso3}}} {{{iso3}}}]</tt>}} |—}}}}}}{{#if: {{{map|}}} |{{Infobox Language/map|{{{map|}}}}}}}{{Infobox Language/{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |signnotice |{{{notice|IPA notice}}}}}}} |}<noinclude> {{clear}} {{esoteric}} [[Category:Internal link templates|Infobox Language]] [[ca:Template:Llengua]] [[de:Vorlage:Infobox Sprache]] [[eo:Ŝablono:Informkesto lingvo]] [[es:Plantilla:Idioma]] [[fi:Malline:Kieli]] [[fr:Modèle:Langue]] [[fy:Berjocht:Taaltabel]] [[hu:Sablon:Nyelv]] [[ilo:Template:Pagsasao]] [[io:Template:Linguo]] [[it:Template:lingua]] [[ja:Template:言語]] [[ko:Template:언어]] [[la:Formula:Lingua]] [[li:Sjabloon:Taal]] [[pl:Szablon:Język]] [[pt:Predefinição:Língua]] [[sl:Template:Language]] [[sv:Mall:språk]] [[th:Template:กล่องข้อมูล ภาษา]] [[tr:Şablon:Dil]] [[tt:Template:Tel]] [[vi:Tiêu bản:Tóm tắt về ngôn ngữ]] [[zh:Template:Infobox Language]] [[Category:Templates using ParserFunctions|{{PAGENAME}}]] </noinclude> 5224 2006-04-22T06:55:08Z Sasakthi 84 {| class="infobox bordered" style="text-align:right; font-size:80%width: 300px;" ! colspan="3" style="text-align: center; font-size:110%; color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}}; background-color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}} }};" |{{{name|Instructions at [[Template talk:Infobox Language]]}}} {{#if: {{{nativename|}}} | {{{nativename|}}}}}{{#if: {{{image|}}} |{{Infobox Language/image|{{{caption|}}}|{{{image|}}}}} }}{{#if: {{{pronunciation|}}} |{{Infobox Language/pronunciation|{{{pronunciation|}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |Created by |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |ලියන්නේ |කතා කරන්නේ}}}}: | colspan="{{#if: {{{date|}}} |1 |2}}" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |{{{creator|—}}}{{#if: {{{date|}}} |{{Infobox Language/creationdate|{{{date}}}}} }} |{{{states|{{{region|—}}}}}}}}{{#if: {{boolxor |{{{states|}}} |{{{region|}}}}} | |{{Infobox Language/statesregion |{{{creator|}}} |{{{setting|}}} |{{{familycolor|}}} |{{{region|—}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{extinct|}}} |[[Extinct language|Language extinction]] |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |ලියන ඡනගහනය |කතා කරන ඡනගහනය}}}}: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{extinct|}}} |{{{extinct}}} |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |{{{signers|—}}} |{{{speakers|—}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{rank|}}} |{{Infobox Language/rank|{{{rank|}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |Category (purpose) |[[භාෂා පවුල]]}}: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em; text-align: left;" | {{{family|{{{fam1|{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |''unknown'' |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |[[constructed language]] |{{Infobox Language/genetic|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{fam2|}}} |  {{{fam2|}}}   {{#if: {{{fam3|}}} |{{{fam3|}}}    {{#if: {{{fam4|}}} |{{{fam4|}}}     {{#if: {{{fam5|}}} |{{{fam5|}}}      {{#if: {{{fam6|}}} |{{{fam6|}}}       {{#if: {{{fam7|}}} |{{{fam7|}}}        {{#if: {{{fam8|}}} |{{{fam8|}}}         {{#if: {{{fam9|}}} |{{{fam9|}}}          {{#if: {{{fam10|}}} |{{{fam10|}}}           {{#if: {{{fam11|}}} |{{{fam11|}}}            {{#if: {{{fam12|}}} |{{{fam12|}}}             {{#if: {{{fam13|}}} |{{{fam13|}}}              {{#if: {{{fam14|}}} |{{{fam14|}}}               {{#if: {{{fam15|}}} |{{{fam15|}}}                '''{{{name|}}}''' |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |{{#if: {{booland |{{{name|}}} |{{boolnot|{{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}} |silver}}}}}} |'''  {{{name|}}}}}'''}}}}}{{#if: {{{script|}}} |{{Infobox Language/script|{{{script}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{posteriori|}}} |{{Infobox Language/aposteriori|{{{posteriori}}}}}}}{{#if: {{booland |{{{agency|}}} |{{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}} |black}}}} |{{Infobox Language/agency|{{{agency}}}}} |{{#if: {{{nation|}}}{{{agency|}}} |{{Infobox Language/official |1={{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}} |2={{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}} |3={{{nation|''නැත''}}} |4={{{agency|''පරිපාලනය කරනු නොලැබේ''}}}}}}}}} |- ! colspan="3" style="text-align: center; color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}}; background-color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}};" |භාෂා සංකේත |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-1]]: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{iso1|}}} |<tt>{{{iso1}}}</tt> |''none''}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-2]]: | colspan="{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |1 |2}}" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |<tt>{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |{{{iso2b|{{{iso2|—}}}}}} (B) |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |{{{iso2|sgn}}} |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |{{{iso2|art}}} |{{{iso2|to be added}}}}}}}}}</tt>{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |{{Infobox Language/terminological|{{{iso2t|{{{iso2|}}}}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-3|ISO/DIS 639-3]]: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{booland |{{{lc1|}}} |{{{lc2|}}}}} |{{#if: {{{lc3|}}} |variously |either}}:{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc1|}}}|{{{ld1|}}}|{{{ll1|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc2|}}}|{{{ld2|}}}|{{{ll2|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc3|}}}|{{{ld3|}}}|{{{ll3|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc4|}}}|{{{ld4|}}}|{{{ll4|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc5|}}}|{{{ld5|}}}|{{{ll5|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc6|}}}|{{{ld6|}}}|{{{ll6|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc7|}}}|{{{ld7|}}}|{{{ll7|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc8|}}}|{{{ld8|}}}|{{{ll8|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc9|}}}|{{{ld9|}}}|{{{ll9|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc10|}}}|{{{ld10|}}}|{{{ll10|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc11|}}}|{{{ld11|}}}|{{{ll11|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc12|}}}|{{{ld12|}}}|{{{ll12|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc13|}}}|{{{ld13|}}}|{{{ll13|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc14|}}}|{{{ld14|}}}|{{{ll14|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc15|}}}|{{{ld15|}}}|{{{ll15|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc16|}}}|{{{ld16|}}}|{{{ll16|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc17|}}}|{{{ld17|}}}|{{{ll17|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc18|}}}|{{{ld18|}}}|{{{ll18|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc19|}}}|{{{ld19|}}}|{{{ll19|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc20|}}}|{{{ld20|}}}|{{{ll20|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc21|}}}|{{{ld21|}}}|{{{ll21|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc22|}}}|{{{ld22|}}}|{{{ll22|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc23|}}}|{{{ld23|}}}|{{{ll23|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc24|}}}|{{{ld24|}}}|{{{ll24|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc25|}}}|{{{ld25|}}}|{{{ll25|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc26|}}}|{{{ld26|}}}|{{{ll26|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc27|}}}|{{{ld27|}}}|{{{ll27|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc28|}}}|{{{ld28|}}}|{{{ll28|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc29|}}}|{{{ld29|}}}|{{{ll29|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc30|}}}|{{{ld30|}}}|{{{ll30|}}}}} |{{#if: {{{lc1|}}} |<tt>[http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{lc1}}} {{{lc1}}}]</tt> — {{#if: {{{ll1|}}} |{{#if: {{booleq|{{{ll1|}}}|none}} |{{{ld1|}}} |[[{{{ll1}}}|{{{ld1|}}}]]}} |[[{{{ld1|}}}]]}} |{{#if: {{{iso3|}}} |{{#if: {{booleq|{{{iso3|}}}|none}} |''none'' |<tt>[http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{iso3}}} {{{iso3}}}]</tt>}} |—}}}}}}{{#if: {{{map|}}} |{{Infobox Language/map|{{{map|}}}}}}}{{Infobox Language/{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |signnotice |{{{notice|IPA notice}}}}}}} |}<noinclude> {{clear}} {{esoteric}} [[Category:Internal link templates|Infobox Language]] [[ca:Template:Llengua]] [[de:Vorlage:Infobox Sprache]] [[eo:Ŝablono:Informkesto lingvo]] [[es:Plantilla:Idioma]] [[fi:Malline:Kieli]] [[fr:Modèle:Langue]] [[fy:Berjocht:Taaltabel]] [[hu:Sablon:Nyelv]] [[ilo:Template:Pagsasao]] [[io:Template:Linguo]] [[it:Template:lingua]] [[ja:Template:言語]] [[ko:Template:언어]] [[la:Formula:Lingua]] [[li:Sjabloon:Taal]] [[pl:Szablon:Język]] [[pt:Predefinição:Língua]] [[sl:Template:Language]] [[sv:Mall:språk]] [[th:Template:กล่องข้อมูล ภาษา]] [[tr:Şablon:Dil]] [[tt:Template:Tel]] [[vi:Tiêu bản:Tóm tắt về ngôn ngữ]] [[zh:Template:Infobox Language]] [[Category:Templates using ParserFunctions|{{PAGENAME}}]] </noinclude> 5225 2006-04-22T06:56:46Z Sasakthi 84 {| class="infobox bordered" style="position:absolute; right:0%;width: 300px;z-index:0 float:none" ! colspan="3" style="text-align: center; font-size:110%; color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}}; background-color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}} }};" |{{{name|Instructions at [[Template talk:Infobox Language]]}}} {{#if: {{{nativename|}}} | {{{nativename|}}}}}{{#if: {{{image|}}} |{{Infobox Language/image|{{{caption|}}}|{{{image|}}}}} }}{{#if: {{{pronunciation|}}} |{{Infobox Language/pronunciation|{{{pronunciation|}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |Created by |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |ලියන්නේ |කතා කරන්නේ}}}}: | colspan="{{#if: {{{date|}}} |1 |2}}" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |{{{creator|—}}}{{#if: {{{date|}}} |{{Infobox Language/creationdate|{{{date}}}}} }} |{{{states|{{{region|—}}}}}}}}{{#if: {{boolxor |{{{states|}}} |{{{region|}}}}} | |{{Infobox Language/statesregion |{{{creator|}}} |{{{setting|}}} |{{{familycolor|}}} |{{{region|—}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{extinct|}}} |[[Extinct language|Language extinction]] |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |ලියන ඡනගහනය |කතා කරන ඡනගහනය}}}}: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{extinct|}}} |{{{extinct}}} |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |{{{signers|—}}} |{{{speakers|—}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{rank|}}} |{{Infobox Language/rank|{{{rank|}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |Category (purpose) |[[භාෂා පවුල]]}}: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em; text-align: left;" | {{{family|{{{fam1|{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |''unknown'' |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |[[constructed language]] |{{Infobox Language/genetic|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{fam2|}}} |  {{{fam2|}}}   {{#if: {{{fam3|}}} |{{{fam3|}}}    {{#if: {{{fam4|}}} |{{{fam4|}}}     {{#if: {{{fam5|}}} |{{{fam5|}}}      {{#if: {{{fam6|}}} |{{{fam6|}}}       {{#if: {{{fam7|}}} |{{{fam7|}}}        {{#if: {{{fam8|}}} |{{{fam8|}}}         {{#if: {{{fam9|}}} |{{{fam9|}}}          {{#if: {{{fam10|}}} |{{{fam10|}}}           {{#if: {{{fam11|}}} |{{{fam11|}}}            {{#if: {{{fam12|}}} |{{{fam12|}}}             {{#if: {{{fam13|}}} |{{{fam13|}}}              {{#if: {{{fam14|}}} |{{{fam14|}}}               {{#if: {{{fam15|}}} |{{{fam15|}}}                '''{{{name|}}}''' |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |{{#if: {{booland |{{{name|}}} |{{boolnot|{{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}} |silver}}}}}} |'''  {{{name|}}}}}'''}}}}}{{#if: {{{script|}}} |{{Infobox Language/script|{{{script}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{posteriori|}}} |{{Infobox Language/aposteriori|{{{posteriori}}}}}}}{{#if: {{booland |{{{agency|}}} |{{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}} |black}}}} |{{Infobox Language/agency|{{{agency}}}}} |{{#if: {{{nation|}}}{{{agency|}}} |{{Infobox Language/official |1={{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}} |2={{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}} |3={{{nation|''නැත''}}} |4={{{agency|''පරිපාලනය කරනු නොලැබේ''}}}}}}}}} |- ! colspan="3" style="text-align: center; color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}}; background-color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}};" |භාෂා සංකේත |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-1]]: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{iso1|}}} |<tt>{{{iso1}}}</tt> |''none''}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-2]]: | colspan="{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |1 |2}}" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |<tt>{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |{{{iso2b|{{{iso2|—}}}}}} (B) |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |{{{iso2|sgn}}} |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |{{{iso2|art}}} |{{{iso2|to be added}}}}}}}}}</tt>{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |{{Infobox Language/terminological|{{{iso2t|{{{iso2|}}}}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-3|ISO/DIS 639-3]]: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{booland |{{{lc1|}}} |{{{lc2|}}}}} |{{#if: {{{lc3|}}} |variously |either}}:{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc1|}}}|{{{ld1|}}}|{{{ll1|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc2|}}}|{{{ld2|}}}|{{{ll2|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc3|}}}|{{{ld3|}}}|{{{ll3|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc4|}}}|{{{ld4|}}}|{{{ll4|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc5|}}}|{{{ld5|}}}|{{{ll5|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc6|}}}|{{{ld6|}}}|{{{ll6|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc7|}}}|{{{ld7|}}}|{{{ll7|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc8|}}}|{{{ld8|}}}|{{{ll8|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc9|}}}|{{{ld9|}}}|{{{ll9|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc10|}}}|{{{ld10|}}}|{{{ll10|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc11|}}}|{{{ld11|}}}|{{{ll11|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc12|}}}|{{{ld12|}}}|{{{ll12|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc13|}}}|{{{ld13|}}}|{{{ll13|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc14|}}}|{{{ld14|}}}|{{{ll14|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc15|}}}|{{{ld15|}}}|{{{ll15|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc16|}}}|{{{ld16|}}}|{{{ll16|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc17|}}}|{{{ld17|}}}|{{{ll17|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc18|}}}|{{{ld18|}}}|{{{ll18|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc19|}}}|{{{ld19|}}}|{{{ll19|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc20|}}}|{{{ld20|}}}|{{{ll20|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc21|}}}|{{{ld21|}}}|{{{ll21|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc22|}}}|{{{ld22|}}}|{{{ll22|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc23|}}}|{{{ld23|}}}|{{{ll23|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc24|}}}|{{{ld24|}}}|{{{ll24|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc25|}}}|{{{ld25|}}}|{{{ll25|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc26|}}}|{{{ld26|}}}|{{{ll26|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc27|}}}|{{{ld27|}}}|{{{ll27|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc28|}}}|{{{ld28|}}}|{{{ll28|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc29|}}}|{{{ld29|}}}|{{{ll29|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc30|}}}|{{{ld30|}}}|{{{ll30|}}}}} |{{#if: {{{lc1|}}} |<tt>[http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{lc1}}} {{{lc1}}}]</tt> — {{#if: {{{ll1|}}} |{{#if: {{booleq|{{{ll1|}}}|none}} |{{{ld1|}}} |[[{{{ll1}}}|{{{ld1|}}}]]}} |[[{{{ld1|}}}]]}} |{{#if: {{{iso3|}}} |{{#if: {{booleq|{{{iso3|}}}|none}} |''none'' |<tt>[http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{iso3}}} {{{iso3}}}]</tt>}} |—}}}}}}{{#if: {{{map|}}} |{{Infobox Language/map|{{{map|}}}}}}}{{Infobox Language/{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |signnotice |{{{notice|IPA notice}}}}}}} |}<noinclude> {{clear}} {{esoteric}} [[Category:Internal link templates|Infobox Language]] [[ca:Template:Llengua]] [[de:Vorlage:Infobox Sprache]] [[eo:Ŝablono:Informkesto lingvo]] [[es:Plantilla:Idioma]] [[fi:Malline:Kieli]] [[fr:Modèle:Langue]] [[fy:Berjocht:Taaltabel]] [[hu:Sablon:Nyelv]] [[ilo:Template:Pagsasao]] [[io:Template:Linguo]] [[it:Template:lingua]] [[ja:Template:言語]] [[ko:Template:언어]] [[la:Formula:Lingua]] [[li:Sjabloon:Taal]] [[pl:Szablon:Język]] [[pt:Predefinição:Língua]] [[sl:Template:Language]] [[sv:Mall:språk]] [[th:Template:กล่องข้อมูล ภาษา]] [[tr:Şablon:Dil]] [[tt:Template:Tel]] [[vi:Tiêu bản:Tóm tắt về ngôn ngữ]] [[zh:Template:Infobox Language]] [[Category:Templates using ParserFunctions|{{PAGENAME}}]] </noinclude> 5227 2006-04-22T07:01:32Z Sasakthi 84 {| class="infobox bordered" style="width: 300px;" ! colspan="3" style="text-align: center; font-size:110%; color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}}; background-color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}} }};" |{{{name|Instructions at [[Template talk:Infobox Language]]}}} {{#if: {{{nativename|}}} | {{{nativename|}}}}}{{#if: {{{image|}}} |{{Infobox Language/image|{{{caption|}}}|{{{image|}}}}} }}{{#if: {{{pronunciation|}}} |{{Infobox Language/pronunciation|{{{pronunciation|}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |Created by |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |ලියන්නේ |කතා කරන්නේ}}}}: | colspan="{{#if: {{{date|}}} |1 |2}}" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |{{{creator|—}}}{{#if: {{{date|}}} |{{Infobox Language/creationdate|{{{date}}}}} }} |{{{states|{{{region|—}}}}}}}}{{#if: {{boolxor |{{{states|}}} |{{{region|}}}}} | |{{Infobox Language/statesregion |{{{creator|}}} |{{{setting|}}} |{{{familycolor|}}} |{{{region|—}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{extinct|}}} |[[Extinct language|Language extinction]] |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |ලියන ඡනගහනය |කතා කරන ඡනගහනය}}}}: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{extinct|}}} |{{{extinct}}} |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |{{{signers|—}}} |{{{speakers|—}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{rank|}}} |{{Infobox Language/rank|{{{rank|}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |Category (purpose) |[[භාෂා පවුල]]}}: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em; text-align: left;" | {{{family|{{{fam1|{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |''unknown'' |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |[[constructed language]] |{{Infobox Language/genetic|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{fam2|}}} |  {{{fam2|}}}   {{#if: {{{fam3|}}} |{{{fam3|}}}    {{#if: {{{fam4|}}} |{{{fam4|}}}     {{#if: {{{fam5|}}} |{{{fam5|}}}      {{#if: {{{fam6|}}} |{{{fam6|}}}       {{#if: {{{fam7|}}} |{{{fam7|}}}        {{#if: {{{fam8|}}} |{{{fam8|}}}         {{#if: {{{fam9|}}} |{{{fam9|}}}          {{#if: {{{fam10|}}} |{{{fam10|}}}           {{#if: {{{fam11|}}} |{{{fam11|}}}            {{#if: {{{fam12|}}} |{{{fam12|}}}             {{#if: {{{fam13|}}} |{{{fam13|}}}              {{#if: {{{fam14|}}} |{{{fam14|}}}               {{#if: {{{fam15|}}} |{{{fam15|}}}                '''{{{name|}}}''' |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |{{#if: {{booland |{{{name|}}} |{{boolnot|{{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}} |silver}}}}}} |'''  {{{name|}}}}}'''}}}}}{{#if: {{{script|}}} |{{Infobox Language/script|{{{script}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{posteriori|}}} |{{Infobox Language/aposteriori|{{{posteriori}}}}}}}{{#if: {{booland |{{{agency|}}} |{{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}} |black}}}} |{{Infobox Language/agency|{{{agency}}}}} |{{#if: {{{nation|}}}{{{agency|}}} |{{Infobox Language/official |1={{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}} |2={{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}} |3={{{nation|''නැත''}}} |4={{{agency|''පරිපාලනය කරනු නොලැබේ''}}}}}}}}} |- ! colspan="3" style="text-align: center; color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}}; background-color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}};" |භාෂා සංකේත |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-1]]: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{iso1|}}} |<tt>{{{iso1}}}</tt> |''none''}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-2]]: | colspan="{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |1 |2}}" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |<tt>{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |{{{iso2b|{{{iso2|—}}}}}} (B) |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |{{{iso2|sgn}}} |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |{{{iso2|art}}} |{{{iso2|to be added}}}}}}}}}</tt>{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |{{Infobox Language/terminological|{{{iso2t|{{{iso2|}}}}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-3|ISO/DIS 639-3]]: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{booland |{{{lc1|}}} |{{{lc2|}}}}} |{{#if: {{{lc3|}}} |variously |either}}:{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc1|}}}|{{{ld1|}}}|{{{ll1|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc2|}}}|{{{ld2|}}}|{{{ll2|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc3|}}}|{{{ld3|}}}|{{{ll3|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc4|}}}|{{{ld4|}}}|{{{ll4|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc5|}}}|{{{ld5|}}}|{{{ll5|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc6|}}}|{{{ld6|}}}|{{{ll6|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc7|}}}|{{{ld7|}}}|{{{ll7|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc8|}}}|{{{ld8|}}}|{{{ll8|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc9|}}}|{{{ld9|}}}|{{{ll9|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc10|}}}|{{{ld10|}}}|{{{ll10|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc11|}}}|{{{ld11|}}}|{{{ll11|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc12|}}}|{{{ld12|}}}|{{{ll12|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc13|}}}|{{{ld13|}}}|{{{ll13|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc14|}}}|{{{ld14|}}}|{{{ll14|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc15|}}}|{{{ld15|}}}|{{{ll15|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc16|}}}|{{{ld16|}}}|{{{ll16|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc17|}}}|{{{ld17|}}}|{{{ll17|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc18|}}}|{{{ld18|}}}|{{{ll18|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc19|}}}|{{{ld19|}}}|{{{ll19|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc20|}}}|{{{ld20|}}}|{{{ll20|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc21|}}}|{{{ld21|}}}|{{{ll21|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc22|}}}|{{{ld22|}}}|{{{ll22|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc23|}}}|{{{ld23|}}}|{{{ll23|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc24|}}}|{{{ld24|}}}|{{{ll24|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc25|}}}|{{{ld25|}}}|{{{ll25|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc26|}}}|{{{ld26|}}}|{{{ll26|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc27|}}}|{{{ld27|}}}|{{{ll27|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc28|}}}|{{{ld28|}}}|{{{ll28|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc29|}}}|{{{ld29|}}}|{{{ll29|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc30|}}}|{{{ld30|}}}|{{{ll30|}}}}} |{{#if: {{{lc1|}}} |<tt>[http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{lc1}}} {{{lc1}}}]</tt> — {{#if: {{{ll1|}}} |{{#if: {{booleq|{{{ll1|}}}|none}} |{{{ld1|}}} |[[{{{ll1}}}|{{{ld1|}}}]]}} |[[{{{ld1|}}}]]}} |{{#if: {{{iso3|}}} |{{#if: {{booleq|{{{iso3|}}}|none}} |''none'' |<tt>[http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{iso3}}} {{{iso3}}}]</tt>}} |—}}}}}}{{#if: {{{map|}}} |{{Infobox Language/map|{{{map|}}}}}}}{{Infobox Language/{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |signnotice |{{{notice|IPA notice}}}}}}} |}<noinclude> {{clear}} {{esoteric}} [[Category:Internal link templates|Infobox Language]] [[ca:Template:Llengua]] [[de:Vorlage:Infobox Sprache]] [[eo:Ŝablono:Informkesto lingvo]] [[es:Plantilla:Idioma]] [[fi:Malline:Kieli]] [[fr:Modèle:Langue]] [[fy:Berjocht:Taaltabel]] [[hu:Sablon:Nyelv]] [[ilo:Template:Pagsasao]] [[io:Template:Linguo]] [[it:Template:lingua]] [[ja:Template:言語]] [[ko:Template:언어]] [[la:Formula:Lingua]] [[li:Sjabloon:Taal]] [[pl:Szablon:Język]] [[pt:Predefinição:Língua]] [[sl:Template:Language]] [[sv:Mall:språk]] [[th:Template:กล่องข้อมูล ภาษา]] [[tr:Şablon:Dil]] [[tt:Template:Tel]] [[vi:Tiêu bản:Tóm tắt về ngôn ngữ]] [[zh:Template:Infobox Language]] [[Category:Templates using ParserFunctions|{{PAGENAME}}]] </noinclude> 5228 2006-04-22T07:04:33Z Sasakthi 84 {| class="infobox bordered" style="float:right;width: 300px;" ! colspan="3" style="text-align: center; font-size:110%; color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}}; background-color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}} }};" |{{{name|Instructions at [[Template talk:Infobox Language]]}}} {{#if: {{{nativename|}}} | {{{nativename|}}}}}{{#if: {{{image|}}} |{{Infobox Language/image|{{{caption|}}}|{{{image|}}}}} }}{{#if: {{{pronunciation|}}} |{{Infobox Language/pronunciation|{{{pronunciation|}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |Created by |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |ලියන්නේ |කතා කරන්නේ}}}}: | colspan="{{#if: {{{date|}}} |1 |2}}" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |{{{creator|—}}}{{#if: {{{date|}}} |{{Infobox Language/creationdate|{{{date}}}}} }} |{{{states|{{{region|—}}}}}}}}{{#if: {{boolxor |{{{states|}}} |{{{region|}}}}} | |{{Infobox Language/statesregion |{{{creator|}}} |{{{setting|}}} |{{{familycolor|}}} |{{{region|—}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{extinct|}}} |[[Extinct language|Language extinction]] |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |ලියන ඡනගහනය |කතා කරන ඡනගහනය}}}}: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{extinct|}}} |{{{extinct}}} |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |{{{signers|—}}} |{{{speakers|—}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{rank|}}} |{{Infobox Language/rank|{{{rank|}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |Category (purpose) |[[භාෂා පවුල]]}}: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em; text-align: left;" | {{{family|{{{fam1|{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |''unknown'' |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |[[constructed language]] |{{Infobox Language/genetic|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{fam2|}}} |  {{{fam2|}}}   {{#if: {{{fam3|}}} |{{{fam3|}}}    {{#if: {{{fam4|}}} |{{{fam4|}}}     {{#if: {{{fam5|}}} |{{{fam5|}}}      {{#if: {{{fam6|}}} |{{{fam6|}}}       {{#if: {{{fam7|}}} |{{{fam7|}}}        {{#if: {{{fam8|}}} |{{{fam8|}}}         {{#if: {{{fam9|}}} |{{{fam9|}}}          {{#if: {{{fam10|}}} |{{{fam10|}}}           {{#if: {{{fam11|}}} |{{{fam11|}}}            {{#if: {{{fam12|}}} |{{{fam12|}}}             {{#if: {{{fam13|}}} |{{{fam13|}}}              {{#if: {{{fam14|}}} |{{{fam14|}}}               {{#if: {{{fam15|}}} |{{{fam15|}}}                '''{{{name|}}}''' |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |'''{{{name| }}}'''}} |{{#if: {{booland |{{{name|}}} |{{boolnot|{{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}} |silver}}}}}} |'''  {{{name|}}}}}'''}}}}}{{#if: {{{script|}}} |{{Infobox Language/script|{{{script}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{posteriori|}}} |{{Infobox Language/aposteriori|{{{posteriori}}}}}}}{{#if: {{booland |{{{agency|}}} |{{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}} |black}}}} |{{Infobox Language/agency|{{{agency}}}}} |{{#if: {{{nation|}}}{{{agency|}}} |{{Infobox Language/official |1={{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}} |2={{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}} |3={{{nation|''නැත''}}} |4={{{agency|''පරිපාලනය කරනු නොලැබේ''}}}}}}}}} |- ! colspan="3" style="text-align: center; color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |white |{{{fontcolor|black}}}}}; background-color: {{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}} |black |{{#if: {{{signers|}}} |silver |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|Default}}}=1}}}}}};" |භාෂා සංකේත |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-1]]: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{{iso1|}}} |<tt>{{{iso1}}}</tt> |''none''}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-2]]: | colspan="{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |1 |2}}" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |<tt>{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |{{{iso2b|{{{iso2|—}}}}}} (B) |{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |{{{iso2|sgn}}} |{{#if: {{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |black}} |{{{iso2|art}}} |{{{iso2|to be added}}}}}}}}}</tt>{{#if: {{{iso2b|}}}{{{iso2t|}}} |{{Infobox Language/terminological|{{{iso2t|{{{iso2|}}}}}}}}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[ISO 639-3|ISO/DIS 639-3]]: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if: {{booland |{{{lc1|}}} |{{{lc2|}}}}} |{{#if: {{{lc3|}}} |variously |either}}:{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc1|}}}|{{{ld1|}}}|{{{ll1|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc2|}}}|{{{ld2|}}}|{{{ll2|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc3|}}}|{{{ld3|}}}|{{{ll3|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc4|}}}|{{{ld4|}}}|{{{ll4|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc5|}}}|{{{ld5|}}}|{{{ll5|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc6|}}}|{{{ld6|}}}|{{{ll6|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc7|}}}|{{{ld7|}}}|{{{ll7|}}}}}{{Infobox 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Language/codelist |{{{lc23|}}}|{{{ld23|}}}|{{{ll23|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc24|}}}|{{{ld24|}}}|{{{ll24|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc25|}}}|{{{ld25|}}}|{{{ll25|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc26|}}}|{{{ld26|}}}|{{{ll26|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc27|}}}|{{{ld27|}}}|{{{ll27|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc28|}}}|{{{ld28|}}}|{{{ll28|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc29|}}}|{{{ld29|}}}|{{{ll29|}}}}}{{Infobox Language/codelist |{{{lc30|}}}|{{{ld30|}}}|{{{ll30|}}}}} |{{#if: {{{lc1|}}} |<tt>[http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{lc1}}} {{{lc1}}}]</tt> — {{#if: {{{ll1|}}} |{{#if: {{booleq|{{{ll1|}}}|none}} |{{{ld1|}}} |[[{{{ll1}}}|{{{ld1|}}}]]}} |[[{{{ld1|}}}]]}} |{{#if: {{{iso3|}}} |{{#if: {{booleq|{{{iso3|}}}|none}} |''none'' |<tt>[http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{iso3}}} {{{iso3}}}]</tt>}} |—}}}}}}{{#if: {{{map|}}} |{{Infobox Language/map|{{{map|}}}}}}}{{Infobox Language/{{#if: {{{signers|}}}{{booleq |{{Infobox Language/familycolor|if=|{{{familycolor|}}}=1}} |silver}} |signnotice |{{{notice|IPA notice}}}}}}} |}<noinclude> {{clear}} {{esoteric}} [[Category:Internal link templates|Infobox Language]] [[ca:Template:Llengua]] [[de:Vorlage:Infobox Sprache]] [[eo:Ŝablono:Informkesto lingvo]] [[es:Plantilla:Idioma]] [[fi:Malline:Kieli]] [[fr:Modèle:Langue]] [[fy:Berjocht:Taaltabel]] [[hu:Sablon:Nyelv]] [[ilo:Template:Pagsasao]] [[io:Template:Linguo]] [[it:Template:lingua]] [[ja:Template:言語]] [[ko:Template:언어]] [[la:Formula:Lingua]] [[li:Sjabloon:Taal]] [[pl:Szablon:Język]] [[pt:Predefinição:Língua]] [[sl:Template:Language]] [[sv:Mall:språk]] [[th:Template:กล่องข้อมูล ภาษา]] [[tr:Şablon:Dil]] [[tt:Template:Tel]] [[vi:Tiêu bản:Tóm tắt về ngôn ngữ]] [[zh:Template:Infobox Language]] [[Category:Templates using ParserFunctions|{{PAGENAME}}]] </noinclude> Template:IAST 1803 5136 2006-04-22T04:40:36Z Sasakthi 84 {{{1}}} Template:Booland 1804 5137 2006-04-22T04:42:58Z Sasakthi 84 {{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{#if:{{{2|}}}|1|}}|}}<noinclude> {{esoteric}} [[Category:Boolean templates|and]] [[vi:Tiêu bản:Booland]] [[Category:Templates using ParserFunctions|{{PAGENAME}}]] </noinclude> Template:Booleq 1805 5138 2006-04-22T04:43:29Z Sasakthi 84 <noinclude>{{esoteric}}</noinclude> {{booleq/eq2|{{{1}}}=1|@={{{2}}}}}<noinclude>[[Category:Boolean templates|eq]][[vi:Tiêu bản:Booleq]]</noinclude> Template:Boolnot 1806 5139 2006-04-22T04:43:52Z Sasakthi 84 {{#if:{{{1|}}} | |1 }}<noinclude> [[Category:Boolean templates|not]] [[vi:Tiêu bản:Boolnot]] [[Category:Templates using ParserFunctions|{{PAGENAME}}]] </noinclude> Template:Boolxor 1807 5140 2006-04-22T04:44:15Z Sasakthi 84 {{#if:{{{1|}}} |{{#if:{{{2|}}} | |1 }} |{{#if:{{{2|}}} |1 | }} }}<noinclude> [[Category:Boolean templates|xor]] [[vi:Tiêu bản:Boolxor]] [[Category:Templates using ParserFunctions|{{PAGENAME}}]] </noinclude> Template:Clear 1808 5141 2006-04-22T04:44:35Z Sasakthi 84 <div style="clear: both"></div><noinclude> This template adds <tt><div style="clear: both"></div></tt>; for technical XHTML details see [[Template talk:{{PAGENAME}}]]. [[Category:Wikipedia special effects templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[vi:Tiêu bản:Clear]] </noinclude> Template:Esoteric 1809 5142 2006-04-22T04:45:04Z Sasakthi 84 {| class="messagebox" style="clear: both;" |- | align="center" | [[Image:Exquisite-khelpcenter.png|50px]] | align="left" width="95%" | This template contains one or more '''''optional''''' parameters: see the [[{{TALKSPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|talk page]] for details. ---- This template employs some extremely complicated and esoteric features of template syntax. Please do not attempt to alter it unless you are certain that you understand the setup '''and''' are prepared to repair any consequent collateral damage if the results are unexpected. Any experiments should be conducted in the [[Template:Template sandbox|template sandbox]] or your user space. |}<includeonly>[[Category:Esoteric templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> ---- {| class="messagebox" |- | align="center" | [[Image:Exquisite-khelpcenter.png|50px]] | align="left" width="95%" | Actually, ''this'' template uses very simple syntax, but templates that link to the above message do use esoteric syntax. |} This template is for templates with esoteric syntax. [[Category:Template templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[fr:Modèle:Ésotérique]] [[mk:Езотерика]] [[ro:Format:Ezoteric]] [[zh:Template:Esoteric]] </noinclude> Template:Infobox Language/agency 1810 5143 2006-04-22T04:45:44Z Sasakthi 84   |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[List of language regulators|Regulated by]]: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"|{{{1|''none''}}}<noinclude> [[vi:Tiêu bản:Language agency]] </noinclude> 5207 2006-04-22T06:14:18Z Sasakthi 84   |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[භාෂා පරිපාලනය කරන්නන්|පරිපාලනය කරනු ලබන්නේ]]: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"|{{{1|''none''}}}<noinclude> [[vi:Tiêu bản:Language agency]] </noinclude> Template:Infobox Language/aposteriori 1811 5144 2006-04-22T04:46:20Z Sasakthi 84   |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |Category (sources): | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em; text-align: left;" | {{{1}}}<noinclude> [[vi:Tiêu bản:Language aposteriori]] </noinclude> Template:Infobox Language/codelist 1812 5145 2006-04-22T04:47:09Z Sasakthi 84 {{#if:{{{1|}}} | <tt>[http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id={{{1}}} {{{1}}}]</tt> — {{#if:{{{3|}}} |{{#if:{{booleq|{{{3|}}}|none}} |{{{2|}}} |[[{{{3}}}|{{{2|}}}]] }} |[[{{{2|}}}]] }} }}<noinclude> [[vi:Tiêu bản:Language codelist]] [[Category:Templates using ParserFunctions|{{PAGENAME}}]] </noinclude> Template:Infobox Language/creationdate 1813 5146 2006-04-22T04:47:29Z Sasakthi 84   | style="padding-left: 0.5em;"|{{{1}}}<noinclude> [[vi:Tiêu bản:Language creationdate]] </noinclude> Template:Infobox Language/familycolor 1814 5147 2006-04-22T04:47:53Z Sasakthi 84 <noinclude>Usage: <nowiki>{{Language/familycolor |if=|<family/color>=1}}</nowiki> Replace <family/color> with the language family or specific color to display. </noinclude><includeonly>{{{if{{{white|}}}|white}}}{{{ if{{{default|}}}|white}}}{{{ if{{{Default|}}}|white}}}{{{ if{{{yellow|}}}|yellow}}}{{{ if{{{Afro-Asiatic|}}}|yellow}}}{{{ if{{{Afro-asiatic|}}}|yellow}}}{{{ if{{{yellowgreen|}}}|yellowgreen}}}{{{ if{{{Altaic|}}}|yellowgreen}}}{{{ if{{{lightblue|}}}|lightblue}}}{{{ if{{{American|}}}|lightblue}}}{{{ if{{{orchid|}}}|<nowiki>#eba9ee</nowiki>}}}{{{ if{{{Australian|}}}|<nowiki>#eba9ee</nowiki>}}}{{{ if{{{lightcoral|}}}|lightcoral}}}{{{ if{{{Austroasiatic|}}}|lightcoral}}}{{{ if{{{Austro-Asiatic|}}}|lightcoral}}}{{{ if{{{Austro-asiatic|}}}|lightcoral}}}{{{ if{{{tomato|}}}|pink}}}{{{ if{{{Austronesian|}}}|pink}}}{{{ if{{{Caucasian|}}}|lightgreen}}}{{{ if{{{pink|}}}|tomato}}}{{{ if{{{black|}}}|black}}}{{{ if{{{Conlang|}}}|black}}}{{{ if{{{conlang|}}}|black}}}{{{ if{{{constructed language|}}}|black}}}{{{ if{{{Creole|}}}|tan}}}{{{ if{{{creole|}}}|tan}}}{{{ if{{{mediumspringgreen|}}}|mediumspringgreen}}}{{{ if{{{Dravidian|}}}|mediumspringgreen}}}{{{ if{{{lightcyan|}}}|lightcyan}}}{{{ if{{{Eskimo-Aleut|}}}|lightcyan}}}{{{ if{{{Hmong-Mien|}}}|<nowiki>#ff0033</nowiki>}}}{{{ if{{{lawngreen|}}}|lawngreen}}}{{{ if{{{Indo-European|}}}|lawngreen}}}{{{ if{{{#dddddd|}}}|<nowiki>#dddddd</nowiki>}}}{{{ if{{{isolate|}}}|<nowiki>#dddddd</nowiki>}}}{{{ if{{{language isolate|}}}|<nowiki>#dddddd</nowiki>}}}{{{ if{{{Isolate|}}}|<nowiki>#dddddd</nowiki>}}}{{{ if{{{goldenrod|}}}|goldenrod}}}{{{ if{{{Khoisan|}}}|goldenrod}}}{{{ if{{{Mixed|}}}|tan}}}{{{ if{{{mixed|}}}|tan}}}{{{ if{{{deepskyblue|}}}|deepskyblue}}}{{{ if{{{Na-Dene|}}}|deepskyblue}}}{{{ if{{{Na-Dené|}}}|deepskyblue}}}{{{ if{{{orange|}}}|orange}}}{{{ if{{{Niger-Congo|}}}|orange}}}{{{ if{{{gold|}}}|gold}}}{{{ if{{{Nilo-Saharan|}}}|gold}}}{{{ if{{{Palaeosiberian|}}}|darkseagreen}}}{{{ if{{{Palaeo-Siberian|}}}|darkseagreen}}}{{{ if{{{Palaeo-siberian|}}}|darkseagreen}}}{{{ if{{{Paleosiberian|}}}|darkseagreen}}}{{{ if{{{Paleo-Siberian|}}}|darkseagreen}}}{{{ if{{{Paleo-siberian|}}}|darkseagreen}}}{{{ if{{{violet|}}}|<nowiki>#fd79da</nowiki>}}}{{{ if{{{Papuan|}}}|<nowiki>#fd79da</nowiki>}}}{{{ if{{{Pidgin|}}}|tan}}}{{{ if{{{pidgin|}}}|tan}}}{{{ if{{{silver|}}}|silver}}}{{{ if{{{Sign|}}}|silver}}}{{{ if{{{sign|}}}|silver}}}{{{ if{{{sign language|}}}|silver}}}{{{ if{{{lightgreen|}}}|lightgreen}}}{{{ if{{{Sino-Tibetan|}}}|tomato}}}{{{ if{{{lavender|}}}|lavender}}}{{{ if{{{Tai-Kadai|}}}|lavender}}}{{{ if{{{limegreen|}}}|limegreen}}}{{{ if{{{Uralic|}}}|limegreen}}}</includeonly><noinclude> [[vi:Tiêu bản:Language familycolor]] </noinclude> 5200 2006-04-22T06:01:09Z Sasakthi 84 <noinclude>Usage: <nowiki>{{Language/familycolor |if=|<family/color>=1}}</nowiki> Replace <family/color> with the language family or specific color to display. </noinclude><includeonly>{{{if{{{white|}}}|white}}}{{{ if{{{default|}}}|white}}}{{{ if{{{Default|}}}|white}}}{{{ if{{{yellow|}}}|yellow}}}{{{ if{{{Afro-Asiatic|}}}|yellow}}}{{{ if{{{Afro-asiatic|}}}|yellow}}}{{{ if{{{yellowgreen|}}}|yellowgreen}}}{{{ if{{{Altaic|}}}|yellowgreen}}}{{{ if{{{lightblue|}}}|lightblue}}}{{{ if{{{American|}}}|lightblue}}}{{{ if{{{orchid|}}}|<nowiki>#eba9ee</nowiki>}}}{{{ if{{{Australian|}}}|<nowiki>#eba9ee</nowiki>}}}{{{ if{{{lightcoral|}}}|lightcoral}}}{{{ if{{{Austroasiatic|}}}|lightcoral}}}{{{ if{{{Austro-Asiatic|}}}|lightcoral}}}{{{ if{{{Austro-asiatic|}}}|lightcoral}}}{{{ if{{{tomato|}}}|pink}}}{{{ if{{{Austronesian|}}}|pink}}}{{{ if{{{Caucasian|}}}|lightgreen}}}{{{ if{{{pink|}}}|tomato}}}{{{ if{{{black|}}}|black}}}{{{ if{{{Conlang|}}}|black}}}{{{ if{{{conlang|}}}|black}}}{{{ if{{{constructed language|}}}|black}}}{{{ if{{{Creole|}}}|tan}}}{{{ if{{{creole|}}}|tan}}}{{{ if{{{mediumspringgreen|}}}|mediumspringgreen}}}{{{ if{{{Dravidian|}}}|mediumspringgreen}}}{{{ if{{{lightcyan|}}}|lightcyan}}}{{{ if{{{Eskimo-Aleut|}}}|lightcyan}}}{{{ if{{{Hmong-Mien|}}}|<nowiki>#ff0033</nowiki>}}}{{{ if{{{lawngreen|}}}|lawngreen}}}{{{ if{{{ඉන්දු-ඉරානීය|}}}|lawngreen}}}{{{ if{{{#dddddd|}}}|<nowiki>#dddddd</nowiki>}}}{{{ if{{{isolate|}}}|<nowiki>#dddddd</nowiki>}}}{{{ if{{{language isolate|}}}|<nowiki>#dddddd</nowiki>}}}{{{ if{{{Isolate|}}}|<nowiki>#dddddd</nowiki>}}}{{{ if{{{goldenrod|}}}|goldenrod}}}{{{ if{{{Khoisan|}}}|goldenrod}}}{{{ if{{{Mixed|}}}|tan}}}{{{ if{{{mixed|}}}|tan}}}{{{ if{{{deepskyblue|}}}|deepskyblue}}}{{{ if{{{Na-Dene|}}}|deepskyblue}}}{{{ if{{{Na-Dené|}}}|deepskyblue}}}{{{ if{{{orange|}}}|orange}}}{{{ if{{{Niger-Congo|}}}|orange}}}{{{ if{{{gold|}}}|gold}}}{{{ if{{{Nilo-Saharan|}}}|gold}}}{{{ if{{{Palaeosiberian|}}}|darkseagreen}}}{{{ if{{{Palaeo-Siberian|}}}|darkseagreen}}}{{{ if{{{Palaeo-siberian|}}}|darkseagreen}}}{{{ if{{{Paleosiberian|}}}|darkseagreen}}}{{{ if{{{Paleo-Siberian|}}}|darkseagreen}}}{{{ if{{{Paleo-siberian|}}}|darkseagreen}}}{{{ if{{{violet|}}}|<nowiki>#fd79da</nowiki>}}}{{{ if{{{Papuan|}}}|<nowiki>#fd79da</nowiki>}}}{{{ if{{{Pidgin|}}}|tan}}}{{{ if{{{pidgin|}}}|tan}}}{{{ if{{{silver|}}}|silver}}}{{{ if{{{Sign|}}}|silver}}}{{{ if{{{sign|}}}|silver}}}{{{ if{{{sign language|}}}|silver}}}{{{ if{{{lightgreen|}}}|lightgreen}}}{{{ if{{{Sino-Tibetan|}}}|tomato}}}{{{ if{{{lavender|}}}|lavender}}}{{{ if{{{Tai-Kadai|}}}|lavender}}}{{{ if{{{limegreen|}}}|limegreen}}}{{{ if{{{Uralic|}}}|limegreen}}}</includeonly><noinclude> [[vi:Tiêu bản:Language familycolor]] </noinclude> 5202 2006-04-22T06:02:05Z Sasakthi 84 <noinclude>Usage: <nowiki>{{Language/familycolor |if=|<family/color>=1}}</nowiki> Replace <family/color> with the language family or specific color to display. </noinclude><includeonly>{{{if{{{white|}}}|white}}}{{{ if{{{default|}}}|white}}}{{{ if{{{Default|}}}|white}}}{{{ if{{{yellow|}}}|yellow}}}{{{ if{{{Afro-Asiatic|}}}|yellow}}}{{{ if{{{Afro-asiatic|}}}|yellow}}}{{{ if{{{yellowgreen|}}}|yellowgreen}}}{{{ if{{{Altaic|}}}|yellowgreen}}}{{{ if{{{lightblue|}}}|lightblue}}}{{{ if{{{American|}}}|lightblue}}}{{{ if{{{orchid|}}}|<nowiki>#eba9ee</nowiki>}}}{{{ if{{{Australian|}}}|<nowiki>#eba9ee</nowiki>}}}{{{ if{{{lightcoral|}}}|lightcoral}}}{{{ if{{{Austroasiatic|}}}|lightcoral}}}{{{ if{{{Austro-Asiatic|}}}|lightcoral}}}{{{ if{{{Austro-asiatic|}}}|lightcoral}}}{{{ if{{{tomato|}}}|pink}}}{{{ if{{{Austronesian|}}}|pink}}}{{{ if{{{Caucasian|}}}|lightgreen}}}{{{ if{{{pink|}}}|tomato}}}{{{ if{{{black|}}}|black}}}{{{ if{{{Conlang|}}}|black}}}{{{ if{{{conlang|}}}|black}}}{{{ if{{{constructed language|}}}|black}}}{{{ if{{{Creole|}}}|tan}}}{{{ if{{{creole|}}}|tan}}}{{{ if{{{mediumspringgreen|}}}|mediumspringgreen}}}{{{ if{{{Dravidian|}}}|mediumspringgreen}}}{{{ if{{{lightcyan|}}}|lightcyan}}}{{{ if{{{Eskimo-Aleut|}}}|lightcyan}}}{{{ if{{{Hmong-Mien|}}}|<nowiki>#ff0033</nowiki>}}}{{{ if{{{lawngreen|}}}|lawngreen}}}{{{ if{{{Indo-European|}}}|lawngreen}}}{{{ if{{{#dddddd|}}}|<nowiki>#dddddd</nowiki>}}}{{{ if{{{isolate|}}}|<nowiki>#dddddd</nowiki>}}}{{{ if{{{language isolate|}}}|<nowiki>#dddddd</nowiki>}}}{{{ if{{{Isolate|}}}|<nowiki>#dddddd</nowiki>}}}{{{ if{{{goldenrod|}}}|goldenrod}}}{{{ if{{{Khoisan|}}}|goldenrod}}}{{{ if{{{Mixed|}}}|tan}}}{{{ if{{{mixed|}}}|tan}}}{{{ if{{{deepskyblue|}}}|deepskyblue}}}{{{ if{{{Na-Dene|}}}|deepskyblue}}}{{{ if{{{Na-Dené|}}}|deepskyblue}}}{{{ if{{{orange|}}}|orange}}}{{{ if{{{Niger-Congo|}}}|orange}}}{{{ if{{{gold|}}}|gold}}}{{{ if{{{Nilo-Saharan|}}}|gold}}}{{{ if{{{Palaeosiberian|}}}|darkseagreen}}}{{{ if{{{Palaeo-Siberian|}}}|darkseagreen}}}{{{ if{{{Palaeo-siberian|}}}|darkseagreen}}}{{{ if{{{Paleosiberian|}}}|darkseagreen}}}{{{ if{{{Paleo-Siberian|}}}|darkseagreen}}}{{{ if{{{Paleo-siberian|}}}|darkseagreen}}}{{{ if{{{violet|}}}|<nowiki>#fd79da</nowiki>}}}{{{ if{{{Papuan|}}}|<nowiki>#fd79da</nowiki>}}}{{{ if{{{Pidgin|}}}|tan}}}{{{ if{{{pidgin|}}}|tan}}}{{{ if{{{silver|}}}|silver}}}{{{ if{{{Sign|}}}|silver}}}{{{ if{{{sign|}}}|silver}}}{{{ if{{{sign language|}}}|silver}}}{{{ if{{{lightgreen|}}}|lightgreen}}}{{{ if{{{Sino-Tibetan|}}}|tomato}}}{{{ if{{{lavender|}}}|lavender}}}{{{ if{{{Tai-Kadai|}}}|lavender}}}{{{ if{{{limegreen|}}}|limegreen}}}{{{ if{{{Uralic|}}}|limegreen}}}</includeonly><noinclude> [[vi:Tiêu bản:Language familycolor]] </noinclude> 5234 2006-04-22T07:15:46Z Sasakthi 84 <noinclude>Usage: <nowiki>{{Language/familycolor |if=|<family/color>=1}}</nowiki> Replace <family/color> with the language family or specific color to display. </noinclude><includeonly>{{{if{{{white|}}}|white}}}{{{ if{{{default|}}}|white}}}{{{ if{{{Default|}}}|white}}}{{{ if{{{yellow|}}}|yellow}}}{{{ if{{{Afro-Asiatic|}}}|yellow}}}{{{ if{{{Afro-asiatic|}}}|yellow}}}{{{ if{{{yellowgreen|}}}|yellowgreen}}}{{{ if{{{Altaic|}}}|yellowgreen}}}{{{ if{{{lightblue|}}}|lightblue}}}{{{ if{{{American|}}}|lightblue}}}{{{ if{{{orchid|}}}|<nowiki>#eba9ee</nowiki>}}}{{{ if{{{Australian|}}}|<nowiki>#eba9ee</nowiki>}}}{{{ if{{{lightcoral|}}}|lightcoral}}}{{{ if{{{Austroasiatic|}}}|lightcoral}}}{{{ if{{{Austro-Asiatic|}}}|lightcoral}}}{{{ if{{{Austro-asiatic|}}}|lightcoral}}}{{{ if{{{tomato|}}}|pink}}}{{{ if{{{Austronesian|}}}|pink}}}{{{ if{{{Caucasian|}}}|lightgreen}}}{{{ if{{{pink|}}}|tomato}}}{{{ if{{{black|}}}|black}}}{{{ if{{{Conlang|}}}|black}}}{{{ if{{{conlang|}}}|black}}}{{{ if{{{constructed language|}}}|black}}}{{{ if{{{Creole|}}}|tan}}}{{{ if{{{creole|}}}|tan}}}{{{ if{{{mediumspringgreen|}}}|mediumspringgreen}}}{{{ if{{{Dravidian|}}}|mediumspringgreen}}}{{{ if{{{lightcyan|}}}|lightcyan}}}{{{ if{{{Eskimo-Aleut|}}}|lightcyan}}}{{{ if{{{Hmong-Mien|}}}|<nowiki>#ff0033</nowiki>}}}{{{ if{{{lawngreen|}}}|lawngreen}}}{{{ if{{{ඉන්දු-යුරෝපීය|}}}|lawngreen}}}{{{ if{{{#dddddd|}}}|<nowiki>#dddddd</nowiki>}}}{{{ if{{{isolate|}}}|<nowiki>#dddddd</nowiki>}}}{{{ if{{{language isolate|}}}|<nowiki>#dddddd</nowiki>}}}{{{ if{{{Isolate|}}}|<nowiki>#dddddd</nowiki>}}}{{{ if{{{goldenrod|}}}|goldenrod}}}{{{ if{{{Khoisan|}}}|goldenrod}}}{{{ if{{{Mixed|}}}|tan}}}{{{ if{{{mixed|}}}|tan}}}{{{ if{{{deepskyblue|}}}|deepskyblue}}}{{{ if{{{Na-Dene|}}}|deepskyblue}}}{{{ if{{{Na-Dené|}}}|deepskyblue}}}{{{ if{{{orange|}}}|orange}}}{{{ if{{{Niger-Congo|}}}|orange}}}{{{ if{{{gold|}}}|gold}}}{{{ if{{{Nilo-Saharan|}}}|gold}}}{{{ if{{{Palaeosiberian|}}}|darkseagreen}}}{{{ if{{{Palaeo-Siberian|}}}|darkseagreen}}}{{{ if{{{Palaeo-siberian|}}}|darkseagreen}}}{{{ if{{{Paleosiberian|}}}|darkseagreen}}}{{{ if{{{Paleo-Siberian|}}}|darkseagreen}}}{{{ if{{{Paleo-siberian|}}}|darkseagreen}}}{{{ if{{{violet|}}}|<nowiki>#fd79da</nowiki>}}}{{{ if{{{Papuan|}}}|<nowiki>#fd79da</nowiki>}}}{{{ if{{{Pidgin|}}}|tan}}}{{{ if{{{pidgin|}}}|tan}}}{{{ if{{{silver|}}}|silver}}}{{{ if{{{Sign|}}}|silver}}}{{{ if{{{sign|}}}|silver}}}{{{ if{{{sign language|}}}|silver}}}{{{ if{{{lightgreen|}}}|lightgreen}}}{{{ if{{{Sino-Tibetan|}}}|tomato}}}{{{ if{{{lavender|}}}|lavender}}}{{{ if{{{Tai-Kadai|}}}|lavender}}}{{{ if{{{limegreen|}}}|limegreen}}}{{{ if{{{Uralic|}}}|limegreen}}}</includeonly><noinclude> [[vi:Tiêu bản:Language familycolor]] </noinclude> Template:Infobox Language/genetic 1815 5148 2006-04-22T04:48:12Z Sasakthi 84 <noinclude>Usage: <nowiki>{{Language/genetic |if=|<family/color>=1}}</nowiki> Replace <family/color> with the language family or specific color to display genetic classification for. </noinclude>{{{ if{{{Afro-Asiatic|}}}|[[Afro-Asiatic languages|Afro-Asiatic]]}}}{{{ if{{{Afro-asiatic|}}}|[[Afro-Asiatic languages|Afro-Asiatic]]}}}{{{ if{{{yellow|}}}|[[Afro-Asiatic languages|Afro-Asiatic]]}}}{{{ if{{{Niger-Congo|}}}|[[Niger-Congo languages|Niger-Congo]]}}}{{{ if{{{orange|}}}|[[Niger-Congo languages|Niger-Congo]]}}}{{{ if{{{Nilo-Saharan|}}}|[[Nilo-Saharan languages|Nilo-Saharan]]}}}{{{ if{{{gold|}}}|[[Nilo-Saharan languages|Nilo-Saharan]]}}}{{{ if{{{Khoisan|}}}|[[Khoisan languages|Khoisan]]}}}{{{ if{{{goldenrod|}}}|[[Khoisan languages|Khoisan]]}}}{{{ if{{{Indo-European|}}}|[[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]]}}}{{{ if{{{lawngreen|}}}|[[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]]}}}{{{ if{{{Caucasian|}}}|[[Languages of the Caucasus|Caucasian]]}}}{{{ if{{{lightgreen|}}}|[[Languages of the Caucasus|Caucasian]]}}}{{{ if{{{Altaic|}}}|[[Altaic languages|Altaic]]}}}{{{ if{{{yellowgreen|}}}|[[Altaic languages|Altaic]]}}}{{{ if{{{Uralic|}}}|[[Uralic languages|Uralic]]}}}{{{ if{{{limegreen|}}}|[[Uralic languages|Uralic]]}}}{{{ if{{{Dravidian|}}}|[[Dravidian languages|Dravidian]]}}}{{{ if{{{mediumspringgreen|}}}|[[Dravidian languages|Dravidian]]}}}{{{ if{{{Paleosiberian|}}}|[[Paleosiberian languages|Paleosiberian]]}}}{{{ if{{{Paleo-Siberian|}}}|[[Paleosiberian languages|Paleosiberian]]}}}{{{ if{{{Paleo-siberian|}}}|[[Paleosiberian languages|Paleosiberian]]}}}{{{ if{{{Palaeosiberian|}}}|[[Paleosiberian languages|Paleosiberian]]}}}{{{ if{{{Palaeo-Siberian|}}}|[[Paleosiberian languages|Paleosiberian]]}}}{{{ if{{{Palaeo-siberian|}}}|[[Paleosiberian languages|Paleosiberian]]}}}{{{ if{{{Austronesian|}}}|[[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]]}}}{{{ if{{{pink|}}}|[[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]]}}}{{{ if{{{Austro-Asiatic|}}}|[[Austro-Asiatic languages|Austro-Asiatic]]}}}{{{ if{{{Austro-asiatic|}}}|[[Austro-Asiatic languages|Austro-Asiatic]]}}}{{{ if{{{Austroasiatic|}}}|[[Austro-Asiatic languages|Austro-Asiatic]]}}}{{{ if{{{lightcoral|}}}|[[Austro-Asiatic languages|Austro-Asiatic]]}}}{{{ if{{{Sino-Tibetan|}}}|[[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]]}}}{{{ if{{{tomato|}}}|[[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]]}}}{{{ if{{{Hmong-Mien|}}}|[[Hmong-Mien languages|Hmong-Mien]]}}}{{{ if{{{Australian|}}}|[[Australian Aboriginal languages|Australian]]}}}{{{ if{{{orchid|}}}|[[Australian Aboriginal languages|Australian]]}}}{{{ if{{{Papuan|}}}|[[Papuan languages|Papuan]]}}}{{{ if{{{violet|}}}|[[Papuan languages|Papuan]]}}}{{{ if{{{Tai-Kadai|}}}|[[Tai-Kadai languages|Tai-Kadai]]}}}{{{ if{{{lavender|}}}|[[Tai-Kadai languages|Tai-Kadai]]}}}{{{ if{{{American|}}}|[[Indigenous languages of the Americas|American]]}}}{{{ if{{{lightblue|}}}|[[Indigenous languages of the Americas|American]]}}}{{{ if{{{Na-Dene|}}}|[[Na-Dené languages|Na-Dené]]}}}{{{ if{{{Na-Dené|}}}|[[Na-Dené languages|Na-Dené]]}}}{{{ if{{{deepskyblue|}}}|[[Na-Dené languages|Na-Dené]]}}}{{{ if{{{Eskimo-Aleut|}}}|[[Eskimo-Aleut languages|Eskimo-Aleut]]}}}{{{ if{{{lightcyan|}}}|[[Eskimo-Aleut languages|Eskimo-Aleut]]}}}{{{ if{{{Creole|}}}|[[Creole language|Creole]]}}}{{{ if{{{creole|}}}|[[Creole language|Creole]]}}}{{{ if{{{Pidgin|}}}|[[Pidgin|Pidgin]]}}}{{{ if{{{pidgin|}}}|[[Pidgin|Pidgin]]}}}{{{ if{{{Mixed|}}}|[[Mixed language|Mixed]]}}}{{{ if{{{mixed|}}}|[[Mixed language|Mixed]]}}}{{{ if{{{Isolate|}}}|[[language isolate]]}}}{{{ if{{{isolate|}}}|[[language isolate]]}}}{{{ if{{{language isolate|}}}|[[language isolate]]}}}{{{ if{{{#dddddd|}}}|[[language isolate]]}}}{{{ if{{{Sign|}}}|[[sign language]]}}}{{{ if{{{sign|}}}|[[sign language]]}}}{{{ if{{{sign language|}}}|[[sign language]]}}}{{{ if{{{silver|}}}|[[sign languages]]}}}{{{ if{{{Conlang|}}}|[[constructed language]]}}}{{{ if{{{conlang|}}}|[[constructed language]]}}}{{{ if{{{constructed language|}}}|[[constructed language]]}}}{{{ if{{{black|}}}|[[constructed language]]}}}{{{ if{{{Default|}}}|—}}}{{{ if{{{default|}}}|—}}}{{{ if{{{white|}}}|—}}}<noinclude> [[vi:Tiêu bản:Language genetic]] </noinclude> Template:Infobox Language/image 1816 5149 2006-04-22T04:48:30Z Sasakthi 84   |- | style="vertical-align: middle; padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{{1|}}}: | colspan="2" |{{{2|}}}<noinclude> [[vi:Tiêu bản:Language image]] </noinclude> Template:Infobox Language/map 1817 5150 2006-04-22T04:48:53Z Sasakthi 84   |- | colspan="3" style="padding: 0; vertical-align: middle;" |{{{1|}}}<noinclude> [[vi:Tiêu bản:Language map]] </noinclude> Template:Infobox Language/official 1818 5151 2006-04-22T04:49:15Z Sasakthi 84   |- ! colspan="3" style="text-align: center; color: {{{1}}}; background-color: {{{2}}};"|Official status |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |Official language of: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"|{{{3|''none''}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[List of language regulators|Regulated by]]: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"|{{{4|''none''}}}<noinclude> [[en:Template:Infobox Language/official]] [[vi:Tiêu bản:Language official]] </noinclude> 5203 2006-04-22T06:06:51Z Sasakthi 84   |- ! colspan="3" style="text-align: center; color: {{{1}}}; background-color: {{{2}}};"|රාඡ්‍ය භාවිතය |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |Official language of: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"|{{{3|''none''}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[List of language regulators|Regulated by]]: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"|{{{4|''none''}}}<noinclude> [[en:Template:Infobox Language/official]] [[vi:Tiêu bản:Language official]] </noinclude> 5204 2006-04-22T06:08:47Z Sasakthi 84   |- ! colspan="3" style="text-align: center; color: {{{1}}}; background-color: {{{2}}};"|රාඡ්‍ය භාවිතය |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |Official language of: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"|{{{3|''none''}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[භාෂා පරිපාලනය කරන්නන්|පරිපාලනය කරනු ලබන්නේ]]: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"|{{{4|''none''}}}<noinclude> [[en:Template:Infobox Language/official]] [[vi:Tiêu bản:Language official]] </noinclude> 5205 2006-04-22T06:09:57Z Sasakthi 84   |- ! colspan="3" style="text-align: center; color: {{{1}}}; background-color: {{{2}}};"|රාඡ්‍ය භාවිතය |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |රාඡ්‍ය භාෂාව වන රට: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"|{{{3|''none''}}} |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[භාෂා පරිපාලනය කරන්නන්|පරිපාලනය කරනු ලබන්නේ]]: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"|{{{4|''none''}}}<noinclude> [[en:Template:Infobox Language/official]] [[vi:Tiêu bản:Language official]] </noinclude> Template:Infobox Language/pronunciation 1819 5152 2006-04-22T04:49:38Z Sasakthi 84   |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" | Pronunciation: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: {{{1|''will be added''}}}<noinclude> [[vi:Tiêu bản:Language pronunciation]] </noinclude> Template:Infobox Language/rank 1820 5153 2006-04-22T04:49:57Z Sasakthi 84   |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |[[List of languages by number of native speakers|Ranking]]: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"|{{{1|''Not in top 100''}}}<noinclude> [[vi:Tiêu bản:Language rank]] </noinclude> Template:Infobox Language/script 1821 5154 2006-04-22T04:50:15Z Sasakthi 84   |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" | [[Writing system]]: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" | {{{1|''to be added''}}} 5206 2006-04-22T06:11:47Z Sasakthi 84   |- | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" | [[අක්ෂර ක්‍රමය]]: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" | {{{1|''to be added''}}} Template:Infobox Language/signnotice 1822 5155 2006-04-22T04:50:37Z Sasakthi 84   |- | class="boilerplate metadata" colspan="3" style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 0.5em; background-color: silver;" |[[sign language]] — [[list of sign languages]]<includeonly>[[Category:Sign languages |{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly> Template:Infobox Language/statesregion 1823 5156 2006-04-22T04:50:53Z Sasakthi 84   |- | style="top; padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if:{{{1|}}}{{{2|}}}{{booleq|{{Infobox_Language/familycolor|if=|{{{3|}}}=1}}|black}} | Setting and usage | Region }}: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" |{{#if:{{{1|}}}{{{2|}}}{{booleq|{{Infobox_Language/familycolor|if=|{{{3|}}}=1}}|black}} | {{{2|—}}} | {{{4|—}}} }}<noinclude> [[vi:Tiêu bản:Language statesregion]] [[Category:Templates using ParserFunctions|{{PAGENAME}}]] </noinclude> Template:Booleq/eq2 1824 5157 2006-04-22T04:51:24Z Sasakthi 84 <noinclude>{{esoteric}}</noinclude> {{{{{{@}}}|}}}<noinclude>[[Category:Boolean templates|Booleq/eq2]][[vi:Tiêu bản:Booleq/eq2]]</noinclude> Template:Infobox Language/terminological 1825 5158 2006-04-22T04:51:57Z Sasakthi 84   | style="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5em;"|<tt>{{{1|—}}} (T)</tt><noinclude> [[vi:Tiêu bản:Language terminological]] </noinclude> Template:Infobox Language/Indic 1826 5159 2006-04-22T04:53:40Z Sasakthi 84   |- | colspan="3" | {| class="expansion" style="border:none; border-width:0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; padding: .1em; margin-bottom: 2px; margin-top: 2px; font-size: 95%; line-height:1.2; background-color: #f7f8ff;" width="300" | style="border:none; border-width:0px; vertical-align: middle" |[[Image:Example.of.complex.text.rendering.(small-white).png|center|Indic script]] | style="border:none; border-width:0px;" |'''This page contains [[Brahmic family|Indic text]]'''. Without rendering support you may see irregular vowel positioning and a lack of conjuncts. [[Wikipedia:Enabling complex text support for Indic scripts|More...]] |}<includeonly>[[Category:Articles_containing_Indic_text|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly> Template:Interwiki 1827 5160 2006-04-22T04:54:55Z Sasakthi 84 #REDIRECT [[Template:InterWiki]] Image:Example of complex text rendering (small white).png 1828 5161 2006-04-22T04:59:31Z Sasakthi 84 Image:Example.of.complex.text.rendering.(small-white).png 1829 5162 2006-04-22T04:59:54Z Sasakthi 84 Template:Infobox Language/IPA notice 1830 5163 2006-04-22T05:00:58Z Sasakthi 84   |- |class="boilerplate metadata" colspan="3" style="padding: 0.5em 1.5em;"|'''Note''': This page may contain [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] [[phonetics|phonetic]] symbols in [[Unicode]]. See [[IPA chart for English]] for an [[English language|English]]-based pronunciation key.<includeonly>[[Category:Pages containing IPA|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> [[vi:Tiêu bản:Language IPA notice]] </noinclude> Template:InterWiki 1831 5164 2006-04-22T05:01:37Z Sasakthi 84 <div class="infobox sisterproject"> <div style="float: left;">[[Image:Wikipedia-logo.png|45px|none|Wikipedia]]</div> <div style="margin-left: 60px;">'''''[[:{{{code}}}:| {{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}} edition]]''''' of [[Wikipedia]]</div> </div><noinclude>[[fr:Modèle:Interwiki]][[de:Vorlage:Wikipedia]]</noinclude> 5229 2006-04-22T07:06:00Z Sasakthi 84 <div class="infobox sisterproject" style="float:right"> <div style="float: left;">[[Image:Wikipedia-logo.png|45px|none|Wikipedia]]</div> <div style="margin-left: 60px;">'''''[[:{{{code}}}:| {{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}} edition]]''''' of [[Wikipedia]]</div> </div><noinclude>[[fr:Modèle:Interwiki]][[de:Vorlage:Wikipedia]]</noinclude> Template:Infobox 1832 5167 2006-04-22T05:12:27Z Sasakthi 84 <noinclude>{{protected}}</noinclude> {| class="infobox bordered" style="width: 25em; text-align: left; font-size: 95%;" |+ style="font-size: larger;" | '''{{{name}}}''' |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | [[Image:{{{image}}}|300px| ]] {{{caption}}} |- ! Data 1: | {{{data1}}} |- ! Data 2: | {{{data2|''this text displayed if data2 not defined''}}} |- ! Data 3 (data hidden if data3 empty or not defined): | {{{data3|}}} |- | colspan="2" style="font-size: smaller;" | {{{footnotes|}}} |}<noinclude> == Usage == Copy this code: <pre>{| class="infobox bordered" style="width: 25em; text-align: left; font-size: 95%;" |+ style="font-size: larger;" | '''{{{name}}}''' |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | [[Image:{{{image}}}|300px| ]] {{{caption}}} |- ! Data 1: | {{{data1}}} |- ! Data 2: | {{{data2|''this text displayed if data2 not defined''}}} |- ! Data 3 (data hidden if data3 empty or not defined): | {{{data3|}}} |- | colspan="2" style="font-size: smaller;" | {{{footnotes|}}} |}</pre> ==See also== *[[Wikipedia:Infobox]] [[Category:infobox templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[zh:Template:Infobox]] </noinclude> Template:Protected 1834 5169 2006-04-22T05:13:03Z Sasakthi 84 {| class="messagebox protected" style="border:2px solid #99B; padding:0px; font-size:0.9em;" |- | valign="top" | [[Image:Padlock.svg|45px| ]] | '''This page is [[Wikipedia:This page is protected|protected]] from editing until disputes have been resolved.''' Please discuss changes on the [[{{NAMESPACE}} talk:{{PAGENAME}}|talk page]] or [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection|request unprotection]]. (Protection is [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|not an endorsement]] of the current [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=history}} page version].) |}<includeonly>[[Category:Protected]]</includeonly><noinclude>[[Category:Article header templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:Permanently protected|{{PAGENAME}}]]</noinclude> Template:Main 1835 5171 2006-04-22T05:18:51Z Sasakthi 84 :''Main article: [[{{{1}}}]]''<noinclude> == Usage == To link to a "main article" on a topic, use {{main|The other article}}. == See also == * [[Template:Main articles]], to use when you have more than one main article. * {{tl|Details}} * {{tl|Further}} * <s>{{tl|See}}</s> (deprecated - use {{tl|Further}}) * {{tl|See also}} [[Category:Section templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[eo:Ŝablono:Ĉefa]] [[fr:Modèle:Détails]] [[pl:Szablon:Main]] </noinclude> Template:List 1836 5172 2006-04-22T05:19:45Z Sasakthi 84 :''To find related topics in a list, see [[{{{1}}}]].''<noinclude> == Usage == To link to a list on a given topic (in an article or section), use {{list|list page name}}. == See also == * [[Template:Mainlist]] for linking to "main" lists in lists of lists [[Category:List templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] </noinclude> Template:Mainlist 1837 5173 2006-04-22T05:20:19Z Sasakthi 84 :''For a more comprehensive list, see [[{{{1}}}]]''<noinclude> == Usage == To link to a "sub-list" on a topic, use {{mainlist|the other list}}. == See also == * [[Template:Main]] for linking to "main" articles on a given topic [[Category:Section templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:List templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] </noinclude> Template:Details 1838 5174 2006-04-22T05:20:45Z Sasakthi 84 :''For more details on this topic, see [[{{{1}}}]].''<noinclude> ---- {{tl|Details}} is used to make [[wikipedia:summary style|summary style]] explicit. ==Usage== '''<nowiki>{{details|article}}</nowiki>''' * ''article'' is the name of an article with more detail on the subject. Use in a section for which there is also a separate article on the subject. ==See also== * {{tl|Details}} * {{tl|Further}} * {{tl|Main}} * <s>{{tl|See}}</s> ''deprecated — use Template:Further'' * {{tl|See also}} [[Category:Section templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] </noinclude> Template:Further 1839 5175 2006-04-22T05:21:33Z Sasakthi 84 :''Further information: {{{1}}}''<noinclude> == Usage == * Different from [[Template:See]], this template takes a single parameter of any length. * Use commas and joining words like "and" or "or" as separators. <pre> <nowiki> {{Further|[[Article 1]], [[Article 2]], and [[Article Something#3|Article 3]]}} </nowiki> </pre> {{Further|[[Article 1]], [[Article 2]], and [[Article Something#3|Article 3]]}} == See also == * {{tl|Details}} * {{tl|Main}} * {{tl|Main articles}} * <s>{{tl|See}}</s> ''deprecated'' * {{tl|See also}} [[Category:Section templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] </noinclude> Template:Main articles 1840 5176 2006-04-22T05:22:18Z Sasakthi 84 :''Main articles: {{{1}}}''<noinclude> == Usage == * Different from [[Template:Main]], this template takes a single parameter of any length. * Use commas and joining words like "and" or "or" as separators. <pre> {{Main articles|[[Article 1]], [[Article 2]], and [[Article Something#3|Article 3]]}} </pre> {{Main articles|[[Article 1]], [[Article 2]], and [[Article Something#3|Article 3]]}} [[Category:Section templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[da:Skabelon:Hovedartikler]] </noinclude> Template:Supplement 1841 5177 2006-04-22T05:23:17Z Sasakthi 84 :''See supplement, [[{{{1}}}]] [[{{{2}}}]] and [[{{{3}}}]] [[{{{4}}}]], [[{{{5}}}]] and [[{{{6}}}]] [[{{{7}}}]], [[{{{8}}}]], [[{{{9}}}]] and [[{{{10}}}]].''<noinclude> [[Category:Section templates|Supplement]] '''Attention:''' The '''Template:Supplement''' should be placed at the beginning of the section whose contents are futher explored in the article linked in the template, under the title of the section. === Use of template: === To insert the template write: '''<nowiki>{{Supplement|</nowiki>'''Extended entry'''<nowiki>}}</nowiki>''' Or: '''<nowiki>{{Supplement||</nowiki>'''First article'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''Second article'''<nowiki>}}</nowiki>''' Or: '''<nowiki>{{Supplement||||</nowiki>'''First article'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''Second articile'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''Third article'''<nowiki>}}</nowiki>''' Or: '''<nowiki>{{Supplement|||||||</nowiki>'''First article'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''Second article'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''Third article'''<nowiki>|</nowiki>'''Fourth article'''<nowiki>}}</nowiki>''' === Examples of use: === * <code> <nowiki>{{Supplement|History of Japan}}</nowiki> </code> {{Supplement|History of Japan}} *<code> <nowiki>{{Supplement||Utopia|Distopia}}</nowiki> </code> {{Supplement||Utopia|Distopia}} * <code> <nowiki>{{Supplement ||||Utopia|Distopia|Ucronia}}</nowiki> </code> {{For more||||Utopia|Distopia|Ucronia}} * <code> <nowiki>{{Supplement |||||||Utopia|Distopia|Ucronia|Cyberpunk}}</nowiki> </code> {{For more|||||||Utopia|Distopia|Ucronia|Cyberpunk}} Other examples: [[Republic of Macedonia]], [[London]], [[Italy]]... </noinclude> Template:For more 1842 5178 2006-04-22T05:23:43Z Sasakthi 84 #REDIRECT [[Template:Supplement]] Category:Wikipedia templates 1843 5179 2006-04-22T05:24:47Z Sasakthi 84 This [[Wikipedia:Category|category]] contains pages which describe '''[[Wikipedia:Template namespace|template]] use on Wikipedia'''. Please do not add specific templates themselves to this category - a full listing of all templates is available at [[Special:Allpages]]. You can add unknown templates to [[:Category:Uncategorized templates]] like this: <pre>...<includeonly> [[Category:target for pages using this template]] </includeonly><noinclude> [[Category:Uncategorized templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] </noinclude></pre> [[Category:Wikipedia administration|Templates]] [[Category:Wikipedia how-to|Templates]] [[bg:Категория:Шаблони]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Вікіпэдыя:Шаблёны]] [[cs:Kategorie:Šablony Wikipedie]] [[eo:Kategorio:Vikipedio:Ŝablonoj]] [[es:Categoría:Wikipedia:Plantillas]] [[fr:Catégorie:Modèle]] [[he:קטגוריה:תבניות]] [[ja:Category:ウィキペディアのテンプレート]] [[ko:분류:위키백과 틀]] [[nl:Categorie:Wikipedia:Sjablonen]] [[nn:Kategori:Wikipedia/Malar]] [[no:Kategori:Maler]] [[ru:Категория:Википедия:Шаблоны]] [[vi:Thể loại:Tiêu bản]] [[sv:Kategori:Mallar]] [[zh:Category:維基百科模板]] Template:Coor 1844 5180 2006-04-22T05:25:19Z Sasakthi 84 <noinclude>{{protected template}}</noinclude>[http://kvaleberg.com/extensions/mapsources/index.php?params={{{1}}} {{{2}}}]<noinclude> [[Category:Coordinates templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[cs:Template:Coor]] [[da:Template:Coor]] [[de:Vorlage:Koordinate Text]] [[es:Template:Coor]] [[fr:Template:Coor]] [[hu:Template:Coor]] [[id:Template:Coor]] [[is:Template:Coor]] [[it:Template:Coor]] [[pl:Template:Coor]] [[pt:Template:Coor]] [[ro:Template:Coor]] [[sk:Template:Coor]] [[sl:Template:Coor]] [[sq:Template:Coor]] </noinclude> Template:Coor d 1845 5182 2006-04-22T05:25:59Z Sasakthi 84 <noinclude>{{protected template}}</noinclude>[http://kvaleberg.com/extensions/mapsources/index.php?params={{{1}}}_{{{2}}}_{{{3}}}_{{{4}}}_{{{5}}} {{{1}}}° {{{2}}} {{{3}}}° {{{4}}}]<noinclude> [[Category:Coordinates templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[de:Vorlage:Koordinate Text]] [[fr:Modèle:Coor d]] </noinclude> Template:Coor dm 1846 5183 2006-04-22T05:26:33Z Sasakthi 84 <noinclude>{{protected template}}</noinclude>[http://kvaleberg.com/extensions/mapsources/index.php?params={{{1}}}_{{{2}}}_{{{3}}}_{{{4}}}_{{{5}}}_{{{6}}}_{{{7}}} {{{1}}}°{{{2}}}′{{{3}}} {{{4}}}°{{{5}}}′{{{6}}}]<noinclude> [[fr:Modèle:Coor dm]][[Category:Coordinates templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] </noinclude> Template:Coor dms 1847 5184 2006-04-22T05:27:10Z Sasakthi 84 <noinclude>{{protected template}}</noinclude>[http://kvaleberg.com/extensions/mapsources/index.php?params={{{1}}}_{{{2}}}_{{{3}}}_{{{4}}}_{{{5}}}_{{{6}}}_{{{7}}}_{{{8}}}_{{{9}}} {{{1}}}°{{{2}}}′{{{3}}}″{{{4}}}, {{{5}}}°{{{6}}}′{{{7}}}″{{{8}}}]<noinclude>[[br:Patrom:Dave douar.]][[fr:Modèle:Coor dms]][[zh:Template:Coor dms]][[nl:sjabloon:Coor dm]][[vi:Tiêu bản:Coor dms]][[Category:Coordinates templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]</noinclude> Template:IPA 1848 5185 2006-04-22T05:27:31Z Sasakthi 84 <noinclude>{{protected template}}</noinclude>{{{1}}}<noinclude> [[Category:Multilingual support templates|IPA]] [[vi:Tiêu bản:IPA]] </noinclude> Template:Lang 1849 5186 2006-04-22T05:27:56Z Sasakthi 84 <noinclude>{{protected template}}</noinclude>{{{2}}}<noinclude> [[Category:Multilingual support templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[de:Vorlage:lang]] [[ko:Template:lang]] [[ja:Template:lang]] [[zh:Template:lang]] [[zh-yue:Template:lang]]</noinclude> Template:LangWithName 1850 5187 2006-04-22T05:28:17Z Sasakthi 84 <noinclude>{{protected template}}</noinclude>[[{{{2}}} language|{{{2}}}]]: {{lang|{{{1}}}|{{{3}}}}}<noinclude>[[Category:Multilingual support templates|{{PAGENAME}}]][[ja:Template:LangWithName]]</noinclude> Template:Polytonic 1851 5188 2006-04-22T05:28:39Z Sasakthi 84 <noinclude>{{protected template}}</noinclude>{{{1}}}<noinclude> [[Category:Multilingual support templates|Polytonic]] [[de:Vorlage:Polytonisch]] [[fr:Modèle:Polytonique]] [[ru:Template:Polytonic]] [[fi:Malline:Polytoninen]] [[zh:Template:Polytonic]] </noinclude> Template:Protected template 1852 5189 2006-04-22T05:29:06Z Sasakthi 84 {| class="messagebox protected" style="border:1px solid #88A; padding:0px; font-size:0.9em;" |- | valign="top" | [[Image:Padlock.svg|45px| ]] | '''This [[Wikipedia:High-risk templates|high-risk template]] has been [[Wikipedia:This page is protected|protected]] from editing to prevent [[Wikipedia:dealing with vandalism|vandalism]].''' Please discuss changes on the [[{{NAMESPACE}} talk:{{PAGENAME}}|talk page]]. You may use {{tl|editprotected}} on the [[{{NAMESPACE}} talk:{{PAGENAME}}|talk page]] to ask for an administrator to make an edit for you. |} [[Category:Protected templates]]<noinclude>[[Category:Protection templates]]</noinclude> Template:Unicode 1853 5190 2006-04-22T05:29:30Z Sasakthi 84 <noinclude>{{protected template}}</noinclude>{{{1}}}<noinclude> [[Category:Multilingual support templates|Unicode]] [[de:Vorlage:Unicode]] [[hr:Predložak:Unicode]] [[ru:Шаблон:Unicode]] [[vi:Tiêu bản:Unicode]] [[zh:Template:Unicode]] </noinclude> Wikipedia:Template messages/Maintenance 1854 5191 2006-04-22T05:30:20Z Sasakthi 84 {{shortcut|[[WP:TMAIN]] [[WP:TM/MAIN]]}} ==Articles undergoing major edits== {| {{easytable}} |- ! What to type !! What it makes |- |{{tnetl|inuse}}||{{inuse}} |- |{{tnetlp|Inusefor|30 minutes to fix the information in the [[#History|History]] section}}||{{Inusefor|30 minutes to fix the information in the [[#History|History]] section}} |- |{{tnetlp|Inuseuntil|a period ending July 15}}||{{Inuseuntil|a period ending July 15}} |- |{{tnetl|Underconstruction}}||{{Underconstruction}} |} ==Protected articles, pages and images== {| {{easytable}} ! What to type !! What it makes {{Tlrow|protected}} {{Tlrow|vprotected}} {{Tlrow|sprotected}} {{Tlrow|sprotectedTalk}} {{Tlrow|hprotected}} {{Tlrow|protected template}} {{Tlrow|mprotected}} {{Tlrow|moveprotected}} {{Tlrow|p-protected}} |} ==Copyright violations== {| {{easytable}} |- ! What to type !! What it makes |- | | {{tlp|copyvio|2=url=<nowiki>http://example.org</nowiki>}} [[Template talk:copyvio|Talk]] | {{Copyvio|url=http://example.org}} |} ==Articles requiring significant attention and other issues== {| {{easytable}} |- ! width="27%" | What to type !! width="60%" | What it makes !! width="13%" | Where it goes |- | | {{tl|convertIPA}} [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:Template:ConvertIPA|action=edit}} Edit] – [[Template talk:ConvertIPA|Talk]] – [[Special:Whatlinkshere/Template:ConvertIPA|Links]] – [[:Category:Wikipedia articles with nonstandard pronunciation|Category]] | {{convertIPA}} | | Talk page |- | | {{tl|expert}} [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:Template:Expert|action=edit}} Edit] – [[Template talk:Expert|Talk]] – [[Special:Whatlinkshere/Template:Expert|Links]] – [[:Category:Pages needing expert attention|Category]] | {{expert}} | | Article page |- | | {{tl|globalize}} [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:Template:Globalize|action=edit}} Edit] – [[Template talk:Globalize|Talk]] – [[Special:Whatlinkshere/Template:Globalize|Links]] – [[:Category:Limited geographic scope|Category]] | {{globalize}} | | Article page |- | | {{tl|ISSN-disclaimer}} [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:Template:ISSN-disclaimer|action=edit}} Edit] – [[Template talk:ISSN-disclaimer|Talk]] – [[Special:Whatlinkshere/Template:ISSN-disclaimer|Links]] – [[:Category:ISSN may not be accurate|Category]] | {{ISSN-disclaimer}} | | Talk page |- | | {{tl|ISSN-needed}} [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:Template:ISSN-needed|action=edit}} Edit] – [[Template talk:ISSN-needed|Talk]] – [[Special:Whatlinkshere/Template:ISSN-needed|Links]] – [[:Category:ISSN needed|Category]] | {{ISSN-needed}} | | Talk page |- | | {{tlp|translation|SOURCE}} [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:Template:Translation|action=edit}} Edit] – [[Template talk:Translation|Talk]] – [[Special:Whatlinkshere/Template:Translation|Links]] – [[:Category:Translation requests|Category]] | {{translation|SOURCE}} | | Talk page |- | | {{tl|verylong}} [[Template talk:Verylong|Talk]] – [[Special:Whatlinkshere/Template:Verylong|Links]] – [[:Category:Articles that are too long|Category]] | {{verylong}} | | Talk page |} ==Merging and splitting== {{Wikipedia:Template messages/Merging and splitting}} ==Moving== {{Wikipedia:Template messages/Moving}} ==Categorization issues== This is about categorization issues in articles. For tags that are placed on [[Wikipedia:Categories]], see [[Wikipedia:Template messages/Category namespace]] and [[Wikipedia:Template messages/Deletion]]. {| {{easytable}} |- ! What to type !! What it makes |- | | {{tl|catneeded}} [[Template talk:catneeded|Talk]], [[Special:Whatlinkshere/Template:catneeded|list]], [[:Category:Category needed|category]] | {{catneeded}} |- | | {{tl|verylarge}} [[Template talk:Verylarge|Talk]], [[Special:Whatlinkshere/Template:Verylarge|links]], [[:Category:Very large categories|category]] | {{verylarge}} |- | | {{tlp|cfd-article|SOMECAT}} [[Template talk:cfd-article|Talk]], [[Special:Whatlinkshere/Template:cfd-article|list]] | <div class="messagebox standard-talk" style="text-align:center;"> '''[[:Category:SOMECAT]]''', which is related to this article, has been nominated for '''deletion or renaming''' at [[Wikipedia:Categories for deletion]]. You are encouraged to join the discussion. </div>  |} ==Moving to other projects== {{Wikipedia:Template messages/Moving to other projects}} ==Cleanup-related notes== See [[Wikipedia:Template messages/Cleanup]]. Example: {| {{easytable}} |- ! What to type !! What it makes |- | | {{tl|cleanup-context}} | {{cleanup-context}} |- |- |{{tlp|cleanup-date|{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}}} | {{cleanup-date|{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}}} |} [[Category:Category needed|*]] [[Category:Wikipedia maintenance templates]] [[es:Wikipedia:Plantillas personalizadas de mantenimiento]] Template:A1GP race summary 1855 5192 2006-04-22T05:33:31Z Sasakthi 84 {| class="infobox" style="width: 20em; text-align: left; font-size: 90%;" cellspacing="2" |- | style="font-size: 110%;" align="center" colspan="2" | '''2005-06 A1GP of {{{race}}}''' |- | style="background: #DEDDE2; font-size: 110%;" align="center" colspan="2" | '''Race Details''' |- | style="font-size: 90%;" align="center" colspan="2" | Race {{{race no}}} in the [[{{{season}}} A1 Grand Prix season]]. |- ! Date | {{{date}}} |- ! Location | {{{circuit}}} {{{city}}}, {{{country}}} |- ! Weather | {{{weather}}} |- | style="background: #DEDDE2; font-size: 110%;" align="center" colspan="2" | '''Qualifying''' |- ! Pole | [[Image:{{{pole_flag}}}|22x20px]] [[A1 Team {{{pole_team}}}|{{{pole_team}}}]] ({{{pole_driver}}}) |- ! Time | {{{pole_time}}} ({{{pole_time1}}}, {{{pole_time2}}}) |- | style="background: #DEDDE2; font-size: 110%;" align="center" colspan="2" | '''Sprint Race''' |- ! 1st | [[Image:{{{sprint_1st_flag}}}|22x20px]] [[A1 Team {{{sprint_1st_team}}}|{{{sprint_1st_team}}}]] ({{{sprint_1st_driver}}}) |- ! 2nd | [[Image:{{{sprint_2nd_flag}}}|22x20px]] [[A1 Team {{{sprint_2nd_team}}}|{{{sprint_2nd_team}}}]] ({{{sprint_2nd_driver}}}) |- ! 3rd | [[Image:{{{sprint_3rd_flag}}}|22x20px]] [[A1 Team {{{sprint_3rd_team}}}|{{{sprint_3rd_team}}}]] ({{{sprint_3rd_driver}}}) |- | style="background: #DEDDE2; font-size: 110%;" align="center" colspan="2" | '''Main Race''' |- ! 1st | [[Image:{{{main_1st_flag}}}|22x20px| ]] [[A1 Team {{{main_1st_team}}}|{{{main_1st_team}}}]] ({{{main_1st_driver}}}) |- ! 2nd | [[Image:{{{main_2nd_flag}}}|22x20px| ]] [[A1 Team {{{main_2nd_team}}}|{{{main_2nd_team}}}]] ({{{main_2nd_driver}}}) |- ! 3rd | [[Image:{{{main_3rd_flag}}}|22x20px| ]] [[A1 Team {{{main_3rd_team}}}|{{{main_3rd_team}}}]] ({{{main_3rd_driver}}}) |- | style="background: #DEDDE2; font-size: 110%;" align="center" colspan="2" | '''Fast Lap''' |- ! FL | [[Image:{{{FL_flag}}}|22x20px]] [[A1 Team {{{FL_team}}}|{{{FL_team}}}]] ({{{FL_driver}}}) |- ! Time | {{{FL_time}}}, (Lap {{{FL_lap}}} of {{{FL_mainOrsprint}}} Race) |- | style="background: #DEDDE2; font-size: 110%;" align="center" colspan="2" | '''Official Classifications''' |- | style="font-size: 90%;" align="center" colspan="2" | [{{{Class_Prac1|}}} Prac1] · [{{{Class_Prac2|}}} Prac2] · [{{{Class_Prac3|}}} Prac 3] · [{{{Class_Qual|}}} Qual] · [{{{Class_SRace|}}} SRace] · [{{{Class_MRace|}}} MRace] |} <noinclude> [[Category:Infobox templates|A1GP race summary]] </noinclude> Template:ප්‍රදේශය 1856 5230 2006-04-22T07:09:22Z Ruwan 82 Template:ප්‍රදේශය {| class=toccolours style="border:1px solid #888; width:100%; margin:1em auto;" |- |width=100% colspan=4 bgcolor=#ccccff align=center| '''[[Subregion|Regions]] of [[Earth|the World]]''' |- |width=10%| ||width=10%| ||width=15%| || |- |colspan=4| ---- |- | [[Image:LocationAfrica.png|75px]] |align=center valign=center| '''[[Africa]]''' |colspan=2 style=font-size:90%| [[Central Africa|Central Africa]] · [[East Africa|Eastern Africa]] · [[North Africa|Northern Africa]] · [[Southern Africa|Southern Africa]] · [[West Africa|Western Africa]] [[African Great Lakes|Great Lakes]] · [[Guinea (region)|Guinea]] · [[Horn of Africa|Horn of Africa]] · [[Maghreb]] · [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] · [[Middle East|Middle East]] · [[Sahel]] · [[Sub-Saharan Africa|Sub-Saharan Africa]] · [[Sudan (region)|Sudan]] |- |colspan=4| ---- |- |rowspan=2| [[Image:LocationAmericas.png|75px]] |rowspan=2 align=center| '''[[Americas]]''' |align=center valign=top| [[North America]] |style=font-size:90%| [[Caribbean]] · [[Central America|Central America]] · [[Northern America|Northern America]] [[Great Lakes|Great Lakes]] · [[Great Plains|Great Plains]] · [[Latin America|Latin America]] · [[Pacific Northwest|Pacific Northwest]] · [[Pacific Rim|Pacific Rim]] |- |align=center| [[South America]] |style=font-size:90%| [[Andean states|Andean states]] · [[Guiana]]s · [[Latin America|Latin America]] · [[Patagonia]] · [[Pacific Rim|Pacific Rim]] · [[Southern Cone|Southern Cone]] |- |colspan=4| ---- |- |rowspan=2| [[Image:LocationEurasia.png|75px]] |rowspan=2 align=center| '''[[Eurasia]]''' |align=center| [[Asia]] |style=font-size:90%| [[Central Asia|Central Asia]] · [[East Asia|Eastern Asia]] · [[North Asia|Northern Asia]] · [[South Asia|Southern Asia]] · [[Southeast Asia|Southeastern Asia]] · [[Southwest Asia|Western Asia]] [[Anatolia]] · [[Arabian Peninsula|Arabia]] · [[Caucasus (geographic region)|Caucasus]] · [[Far East|Far East]] · [[Indies|East Indies]] · [[Indian subcontinent|India]] · [[Levant]] · [[Middle East|Middle East]] · [[Near East|Near East]] · [[Pacific Rim|Pacific Rim]] · [[Siberia]] |- |align=center| [[Europe]] |style=font-size:90%| [[Eastern Europe|Eastern Europe]] · [[Northern Europe|Northern Europe]] · [[Southern Europe|Southern Europe]] · [[Western Europe|Western Europe]] [[Balkans]] · [[Baltic region|Baltic Region]] · [[Benelux]] · [[British Isles|British Isles]] · [[Caucasus (geographic region)|Caucasus]] · [[Central Europe|Central Europe]] · [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] · [[Nordic Region|Nordic Region]] · [[Scandinavia]] |- |colspan=4| ---- |- | [[Image:LocationOceania.png|75px]] |align=center| '''[[Oceania]]''' |colspan=2 style=font-size:90%| [[Australasia]] · [[Melanesia]] · [[Micronesia]] · [[Polynesia]] [[Pacific Rim|Pacific Rim]] |- |colspan=4| ---- |- | [[Image:LocationPolarRegions.png|75px]] |align=center| '''[[Polar region|Polar]]''' |colspan=2 style=font-size:90%| [[Arctic]] · [[Antarctica]] |- |colspan=4| ---- |} 5240 2006-04-22T14:14:52Z Ruwan 82 {| class=toccolours style="border:1px solid #888; width:100%; margin:1em auto;" |- |width=100% colspan=4 bgcolor=#ccccff align=center| '''[[පෘථිවිය|ලෝකයේ]] [[ප්‍රදේශය|කලාප]] ''' |- |width=10%| ||width=10%| ||width=15%| || |- |colspan=4| ---- |- | [[Image:LocationAfrica.png|75px]] |align=center valign=center| '''[[Africa]]''' |colspan=2 style=font-size:90%| [[Central Africa|Central Africa]] · [[East Africa|Eastern Africa]] · [[North Africa|Northern Africa]] · [[Southern Africa|Southern Africa]] · [[West Africa|Western Africa]] [[African Great Lakes|Great Lakes]] · [[Guinea (region)|Guinea]] · [[Horn of Africa|Horn of Africa]] · [[Maghreb]] · [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] · [[Middle East|Middle East]] · [[Sahel]] · [[Sub-Saharan Africa|Sub-Saharan Africa]] · [[Sudan (region)|Sudan]] |- |colspan=4| ---- |- |rowspan=2| [[Image:LocationAmericas.png|75px]] |rowspan=2 align=center| '''[[Americas]]''' |align=center valign=top| [[North America]] |style=font-size:90%| [[Caribbean]] · [[Central America|Central America]] · [[Northern America|Northern America]] [[Great Lakes|Great Lakes]] · [[Great Plains|Great Plains]] · [[Latin America|Latin America]] · [[Pacific Northwest|Pacific Northwest]] · [[Pacific Rim|Pacific Rim]] |- |align=center| [[South America]] |style=font-size:90%| [[Andean states|Andean states]] · [[Guiana]]s · [[Latin America|Latin America]] · [[Patagonia]] · [[Pacific Rim|Pacific Rim]] · [[Southern Cone|Southern Cone]] |- |colspan=4| ---- |- |rowspan=2| [[Image:LocationEurasia.png|75px]] |rowspan=2 align=center| '''[[Eurasia]]''' |align=center| [[ආසියාව]] |style=font-size:90%| [[Central Asia|Central Asia]] · [[East Asia|Eastern Asia]] · [[North Asia|Northern Asia]] · [[South Asia|Southern Asia]] · [[Southeast Asia|Southeastern Asia]] · [[Southwest Asia|Western Asia]] [[Anatolia]] · [[Arabian Peninsula|Arabia]] · [[Caucasus (geographic region)|Caucasus]] · [[Far East|Far East]] · [[Indies|East Indies]] · [[Indian subcontinent|India]] · [[Levant]] · [[Middle East|Middle East]] · [[Near East|Near East]] · [[Pacific Rim|Pacific Rim]] · [[Siberia]] |- |align=center| [[Europe]] |style=font-size:90%| [[Eastern Europe|Eastern Europe]] · [[Northern Europe|Northern Europe]] · [[Southern Europe|Southern Europe]] · [[Western Europe|Western Europe]] [[Balkans]] · [[Baltic region|Baltic Region]] · [[Benelux]] · [[British Isles|British Isles]] · [[Caucasus (geographic region)|Caucasus]] · [[Central Europe|Central Europe]] · [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] · [[Nordic Region|Nordic Region]] · [[Scandinavia]] |- |colspan=4| ---- |- | [[Image:LocationOceania.png|75px]] |align=center| '''[[Oceania]]''' |colspan=2 style=font-size:90%| [[Australasia]] · [[Melanesia]] · [[Micronesia]] · [[Polynesia]] [[Pacific Rim|Pacific Rim]] |- |colspan=4| ---- |- | [[Image:LocationPolarRegions.png|75px]] |align=center| '''[[Polar region|Polar]]''' |colspan=2 style=font-size:90%| [[Arctic]] · [[Antarctica]] |- |colspan=4| ---- |} 5241 2006-04-22T14:29:02Z Ruwan 82 ප්‍රදේශය #REDIRECT [[Template:ලෝක කලාප]] Template:මහාද්වීපය 1857 5232 2006-04-22T07:13:39Z Ruwan 82 Template:මහාද්වීපය #REDIRECT [[Template:මහාද්වීප]] Template:මහාද්වීප 1858 5233 2006-04-22T07:15:30Z Ruwan 82 Template:මහාද්වීප  <center> {| class=toccolours width=80% style="clear:both; margin:2em" |- bgcolor="#ccccff" !colspan=29| [[Continent]]s of [[Earth|the world]] |- align=center |colspan=28| <hr width=90%> |- align=center style=font-size:90% |colspan=7| [[Image:LocationAfricaEurasia.png|75px]] [[Africa-Eurasia]] |colspan=7| [[Image:LocationAmericas.png|75px]] [[Americas]] |colspan=7| [[Image:LocationEurasia.png|75px]] [[Eurasia]] |colspan=7| [[Image:LocationOceania.png|75px]] [[Oceania]] |- align=center |colspan=28| <hr width=90%> |- | |- align=center style=font-size:90% |colspan=4| [[Image:LocationAfrica.png|75px]] [[Africa]] |colspan=4| [[Image:LocationAntarctica.png|75px]] [[Antarctica]] |colspan=4| [[Image:LocationAsia.png|75px]] [[Asia]] |colspan=4| [[Image:LocationAustralia.png|75px]] [[Australia (continent)|Australia]] |colspan=4| [[Image:LocationEurope.png|75px]] [[Europe]] |colspan=4| [[Image:LocationNorthAmerica.png|75px]] [[North America]] |colspan=4| [[Image:LocationSouthAmerica.png|75px]] [[South America]] |- align=center |colspan=28| <hr width=90%> |- align=center |colspan=28 style=font-size:90%| '''[[Geology|Geological]] [[supercontinent]]s''' : [[Gondwana]] · [[Laurasia]] · [[Pangaea]] · [[Rodinia]] |- align=center |colspan=28| <hr width=90%> |}</center> <noinclude> [[Category:Navigational templates|Continents]] [[Category:Continents| ]] [[he:תבנית:יבשות]] [[rmy:Template:Kontinento]] [[sr:Template:Континент]] </noinclude> 5290 2006-04-29T05:39:03Z Ruwan 82 Template:මහාද්වීප  <center> {| class=toccolours width=80% style="clear:both; margin:2em" |- bgcolor="#ccccff" !colspan=29| [[පෘථිවිය|ලෝකයේ]][[මහාද්වීපය|මහාද්වීප]] |- align=center |colspan=28| <hr width=90%> |- align=center style=font-size:90% |colspan=7| [[Image:LocationAfricaEurasia.png|75px]] [[අප්‍රිකා-යුරේසියාව]] |colspan=7| [[Image:LocationAmericas.png|75px]] [[ඇමරිකාව|ඇමරිකාව (උතුරු ඇමරිකාව හා දකුණු ඇමරිකාව)]] |colspan=7| [[Image:LocationEurasia.png|75px]] [[යුරේසියාව|යුරේසියාව (යුරෝපා-ආසියාව) ]] |colspan=7| [[Image:LocationOceania.png|75px]] [[ඕෂේනියාව]] |- align=center |colspan=28| <hr width=90%> |- | |- align=center style=font-size:90% |colspan=4| [[Image:LocationAfrica.png|75px]] [[අප්‍රිකාව]] |colspan=4| [[Image:LocationAntarctica.png|75px]] [[ඇන්ටාක්ටිකාව]] |colspan=4| [[Image:LocationAsia.png|75px]] [[ආසියාව]] |colspan=4| [[Image:LocationAustralia.png|75px]] [[ඕස්ට්‍රේලියානු (මහාද්වීපය)|ඕස්ට්‍රේලියාව]] |colspan=4| [[Image:LocationEurope.png|75px]] [[යුරෝපය]] |colspan=4| [[Image:LocationNorthAmerica.png|75px]] [[උතුරු ඇමරිකාව]] |colspan=4| [[Image:LocationSouthAmerica.png|75px]] [[දකුණු ඇමරිකාව]] |- align=center |colspan=28| <hr width=90%> |- align=center |colspan=28 style=font-size:90%| '''[[භූවිද්‍යාව|භූවිද්‍යාත්මක]] [[සුපිරි මහාද්වීපය|සුපිරි මහාද්වීප]]''' : [[Gondwana]] · [[Laurasia]] · [[Pangaea]] · [[Rodinia]] |- align=center |colspan=28| <hr width=90%> |}</center> <noinclude> [[Category:Navigational templates|මහාද්වීප]] [[Category:මහාද්වීප| ]] [[he:תבנית:יבשות]] [[rmy:Template:Kontinento]] [[sr:Template:Континент]] </noinclude> Template:ලෝක කලාප 1859 5242 2006-04-22T14:30:16Z Ruwan 82 ලෝක කලාප {| class=toccolours style="border:1px solid #888; width:100%; margin:1em auto;" |- |width=100% colspan=4 bgcolor=#ccccff align=center| '''[[පෘථිවිය|ලෝක]] [[ප්‍රදේශය|කලාප]] ''' |- |width=10%| ||width=10%| ||width=15%| || |- |colspan=4| ---- |- | [[Image:LocationAfrica.png|75px]] |align=center valign=center| '''[[Africa]]''' |colspan=2 style=font-size:90%| [[Central Africa|Central Africa]] · [[East Africa|Eastern Africa]] · [[North Africa|Northern Africa]] · [[Southern Africa|Southern Africa]] · [[West Africa|Western Africa]] [[African Great Lakes|Great Lakes]] · [[Guinea (region)|Guinea]] · [[Horn of Africa|Horn of Africa]] · [[Maghreb]] · [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] · [[Middle East|Middle East]] · [[Sahel]] · [[Sub-Saharan Africa|Sub-Saharan Africa]] · [[Sudan (region)|Sudan]] |- |colspan=4| ---- |- |rowspan=2| [[Image:LocationAmericas.png|75px]] |rowspan=2 align=center| '''[[Americas]]''' |align=center valign=top| [[North America]] |style=font-size:90%| [[Caribbean]] · [[Central America|Central America]] · [[Northern America|Northern America]] [[Great Lakes|Great Lakes]] · [[Great Plains|Great Plains]] · [[Latin America|Latin America]] · [[Pacific Northwest|Pacific Northwest]] · [[Pacific Rim|Pacific Rim]] |- |align=center| [[South America]] |style=font-size:90%| [[Andean states|Andean states]] · [[Guiana]]s · [[Latin America|Latin America]] · [[Patagonia]] · [[Pacific Rim|Pacific Rim]] · [[Southern Cone|Southern Cone]] |- |colspan=4| ---- |- |rowspan=2| [[Image:LocationEurasia.png|75px]] |rowspan=2 align=center| '''[[Eurasia]]''' |align=center| [[ආසියාව]] |style=font-size:90%| [[Central Asia|Central Asia]] · [[East Asia|Eastern Asia]] · [[North Asia|Northern Asia]] · [[South Asia|Southern Asia]] · [[Southeast Asia|Southeastern Asia]] · [[Southwest Asia|Western Asia]] [[Anatolia]] · [[Arabian Peninsula|Arabia]] · [[Caucasus (geographic region)|Caucasus]] · [[Far East|Far East]] · [[Indies|East Indies]] · [[Indian subcontinent|India]] · [[Levant]] · [[Middle East|Middle East]] · [[Near East|Near East]] · [[Pacific Rim|Pacific Rim]] · [[Siberia]] |- |align=center| [[Europe]] |style=font-size:90%| [[Eastern Europe|Eastern Europe]] · [[Northern Europe|Northern Europe]] · [[Southern Europe|Southern Europe]] · [[Western Europe|Western Europe]] [[Balkans]] · [[Baltic region|Baltic Region]] · [[Benelux]] · [[British Isles|British Isles]] · [[Caucasus (geographic region)|Caucasus]] · [[Central Europe|Central Europe]] · [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] · [[Nordic Region|Nordic Region]] · [[Scandinavia]] |- |colspan=4| ---- |- | [[Image:LocationOceania.png|75px]] |align=center| '''[[Oceania]]''' |colspan=2 style=font-size:90%| [[Australasia]] · [[Melanesia]] · [[Micronesia]] · [[Polynesia]] [[Pacific Rim|Pacific Rim]] |- |colspan=4| ---- |- | [[Image:LocationPolarRegions.png|75px]] |align=center| '''[[Polar region|Polar]]''' |colspan=2 style=font-size:90%| [[Arctic]] · [[Antarctica]] |- |colspan=4| ---- |} Template:Ethnic group 1860 5245 2006-04-22T14:57:19Z Sasakthi 84 #REDIRECT [[Template:Infobox Ethnic group]] Template:Infobox Ethnic group 1861 5246 2006-04-22T14:57:41Z Sasakthi 84 {|class="infobox bordered" style="width:22em; font-size:95%; text-align:left;" cellpadding="3" ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:larger; background-color:#b08261; color:#fee8ab;" | {{{group}}} |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:0px; border:none;" | {{{image|}}} |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:0px; border:none;" | {{{caption|}}} |- ! style="background-color:#fee8ab;" | Total population | style="background-color:#fff6d9;" | {{{poptime}}} |- ! style="background-color:#fee8ab;" | Regions with significant populations | style="background-color:#fff6d9;" | {{{popplace}}} |- ! style="background-color:#fee8ab;" | Language | style="background-color:#fff6d9;" | {{{langs}}} |- ! style="background-color:#fee8ab;" | Religion | style="background-color:#fff6d9;" | {{{rels}}} |- ! style="background-color:#fee8ab;" | Related ethnic groups | style="background-color:#fff6d9;" | {{{related}}} |}<noinclude> [[Category:Infobox templates|Ethnic group]] [[es:Plantilla:Grupo étnico]] [[fr:Modèle:Boite Groupe ethnique]] [[hr:template:Infobox Etnička grupa]] [[uk:Шаблон:Етнічна група]] </noinclude> 5247 2006-04-22T14:58:14Z Sasakthi 84 {|class="infobox bordered" style="width:22em; font-size:95%; text-align:left; float:right" cellpadding="3" ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:larger; background-color:#b08261; color:#fee8ab;" | {{{group}}} |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:0px; border:none;" | {{{image|}}} |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:0px; border:none;" | {{{caption|}}} |- ! style="background-color:#fee8ab;" | Total population | style="background-color:#fff6d9;" | {{{poptime}}} |- ! style="background-color:#fee8ab;" | Regions with significant populations | style="background-color:#fff6d9;" | {{{popplace}}} |- ! style="background-color:#fee8ab;" | Language | style="background-color:#fff6d9;" | {{{langs}}} |- ! style="background-color:#fee8ab;" | Religion | style="background-color:#fff6d9;" | {{{rels}}} |- ! style="background-color:#fee8ab;" | Related ethnic groups | style="background-color:#fff6d9;" | {{{related}}} |}<noinclude> [[Category:Infobox templates|Ethnic group]] [[es:Plantilla:Grupo étnico]] [[fr:Modèle:Boite Groupe ethnique]] [[hr:template:Infobox Etnička grupa]] [[uk:Шаблон:Етнічна група]] </noinclude> 5253 2006-04-22T15:34:37Z Sasakthi 84 {|class="infobox bordered" style="width:22em; font-size:95%; text-align:left; float:right" cellpadding="3" ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:larger; background-color:#b08261; color:#fee8ab;" | {{{group}}} |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:0px; border:none;" | {{{image|}}} |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:0px; border:none;" | {{{caption|}}} |- ! style="background-color:#fee8ab;" | සමිපූර්ණ ඡනගහනය | style="background-color:#fff6d9;" | {{{poptime}}} |- ! style="background-color:#fee8ab;" | විශාල ඡනගහනයක් වෙසෙන ප්‍රදේශ | style="background-color:#fff6d9;" | {{{popplace}}} |- ! style="background-color:#fee8ab;" | භාෂා | style="background-color:#fff6d9;" | {{{langs}}} |- ! style="background-color:#fee8ab;" | ආගම් | style="background-color:#fff6d9;" | {{{rels}}} |- ! style="background-color:#fee8ab;" | ඤාති ඡන වර්ග | style="background-color:#fff6d9;" | {{{related}}} |}<noinclude> [[Category:Infobox templates|Ethnic group]] [[es:Plantilla:Grupo étnico]] [[fr:Modèle:Boite Groupe ethnique]] [[hr:template:Infobox Etnička grupa]] [[uk:Шаблон:Етнічна група]] </noinclude> Template:Fact 1862 5250 2006-04-22T15:26:59Z Sasakthi 84 #REDIRECT [[Template:Citation needed]] Template:Citation needed 1863 5251 2006-04-22T15:27:17Z Sasakthi 84 <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[Wikipedia:Citing sources|''citation needed'']]<nowiki>]</nowiki><includeonly>[[Category:Articles with unsourced statements]]</includeonly><noinclude>  ---- {{shortcut|{{tl|citeneeded}} {{tl|fact}}}} {{main|:Category:Articles with unsourced statements}} This tag will categorise tagged articles into [[:Category:Articles with unsourced statements]] but not this template itself. This [[Wikipedia:Template|template]] is a [[Wikipedia:Avoid self-references|self-reference]] and so is part of the Wikipedia project rather than the encyclopaedic content. ==See also== *[[:Category:Articles with unsourced statements]] *[[Wikipedia:Citing sources]] *{{tl|cite}} [[Category:Wikipedia maintenance templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[de:Vorlage:Beleg]] [[el:Πρότυπο:Εκκρεμεί παραπομπή]] [[es:Plantilla:Añadir referencias]] [[fa:نیاز به ذکر منبع]] [[fr:Modèle:Citation nécessaire]] [[pt:Predefinição:Carece de fontes]] [[ro:Format:Necesită citare]] [[ru:Шаблон:Нет источника]] [[te:Template:మూలాలు అవసరం]] [[vi:Tiêu bản:Cần chú thích]] </noinclude> Template:Loc 1864 5252 2006-04-22T15:27:56Z Sasakthi 84 ''This article contains material from the [[Library of Congress Country Studies]] which, as a [[United States federal government|United States government]] publication, is in the [[public domain]].'' [[Category:Country Studies]] Wikipedia:Citing sources 1865 5257 2006-04-22T15:44:21Z Sasakthi 84 {{style-guideline | [[WP:CITE]] [[WP:REF]]}} {{Policylist}} This page is a style guide, describing how to write citations in articles. Providing sources for edits is mandated by [[Wikipedia:No original research]] and [[Wikipedia:Verifiability]], which are policy. This means that any material that is challenged and has no source may be removed by any editor. See those pages and [[Wikipedia:Reliable sources]] for more information. == Why sources should be cited == * To ensure that the content of articles is credible and can be checked by any reader or editor. * To enhance the overall credibility and authoritative character of Wikipedia. * To show that your edit isn't [[Wikipedia:No original research | original research]]. * To reduce the likelihood of editorial disputes, or to [[Wikipedia:Resolving disputes | resolve]] any that arise. * To credit a source for providing useful information and to avoid claims of [[plagiarism]]. '''Note: Wikipedia articles can't be used as sources.''' == When to cite sources == {{style}} === When you add content === If you add any information to an article, particularly if it's contentious or likely to be challenged, you should supply a source. If you don't know how to format the citation, others will fix it for you. Simply provide any information you can. In general, even if you are writing from memory, you should '''actively search for authoritative references to cite.''' If you are writing from your own knowledge, then you should know enough to identify good references that the reader can consult on the subject — you will not be around forever to answer questions. The main point is to '''help the reader''' and other editors. The need for citations is especially important when writing about opinions held on a particular issue. [[Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words | Avoid weasel words]] such as, "Some people say…" Instead, make your writing [[Wikipedia:Verifiability | verifiable]]: find a specific person or group who holds that opinion, mention them by name, and give a citation to a reputable publication in which they express that opinion. Remember that Wikipedia is not a place for expressing your own opinions or for [[Wikipedia:No original research | original research]]. Because this is the English Wikipedia, English-language sources should be given whenever possible, and should always be used in preference to foreign-language sources of equal calibre. However, do give foreign-language references where appropriate. If quoting from a foreign-language source, an English translation should be given with the original-language quote beside it. === When you verify content === You can '''add sources even for material you didn't write''' if you use a source to '''verify''' that material. Adding citations to an article is an excellent way to contribute to Wikipedia. See [[Wikipedia:Forum for Encyclopedic Standards]] and [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Fact and Reference Check]] for organized efforts to do this. Direct quotes, used as a method of easing factual verification, can be provided (in whatever format is agreed on by the main editors of the article) for any statement. === Text that is, or is likely to be, disputed === Disputed text can immediately be removed entirely or moved from the article to the talk page for discussion. If the disputed text is harmless, and you simply feel a citation is appropriate, place {{tl|fact}} (or {{tl|citation needed}}) after the text. The template {{tl|citecheck}} can be useful for flagging quotations taken out of context and other misuse of citations. Unsourced criticism or negative material in the biographies of living persons should be removed immediately, and not moved to talk. See [[Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons]] and [[Wikipedia:Libel]]. Think ahead. Try to imagine whether people might doubt what you wrote, or need more information about it. Supporting what is written in Wikipedia by referring to a clear and reliable source will add stability to your contribution. === Say where ''you'' got it === A common error is to copy citation information from an intermediate source without acknowledging it. For example, you might find some information on a web page which says it comes from a certain book. Unless you look at the book yourself to check that the information is there, your citation must mention the web page. Your citation might ''only'' mention the web page, or you can provide further information like this: * <Web page>, which cites <book>, or * <Book>, cited at <web page>. However, you shouldn't cite ''only'' the book unless you looked at it yourself. If you checked the book, it is no longer necessary to mention the web page but you can still mention it if that would be useful information for readers. You can do so using a form like this: * <Book> (also see <web page>). The purpose of this rule is to enable readers to judge the reliability of the evidence and to enable them to verify it to at least the same extent as you did. == How to cite sources == * When writing a new article or adding references to an existing article that has none, follow the ''established practice'' for the appropriate profession or discipline that the article is concerning (if available and unquestioned). * An article's previous content contributors usually know the established practice - if possible, follow their lead if the article already has references. * If the established practice is unavailable or disputed, contributors should decide on a style that they believe strikes an appropriate balance between preserving the readability of the text and making citations as precise and accessible as possible. * If contributors differ as to the appropriate style of citation, they should defer to the article's main ''content contributors'' in deciding the most suitable format for the presentation of references. '''If no agreement can be reached, the citation style used should be that of the first major contributor.''' If you are unclear as to which system or style to use, remember: the most important thing is to provide all the information one would need to identify and find the source. If necessary, put this information in the talk page, or in a comment on the main page, and ask others how to format it correctly for that article. '''See below for a discussion of different citation styles.''' *For an easy-to-follow guide, see [[Wikipedia:Citing sources/example style]]'' *Further assistance may be derived from [http://www.qwikly.com/WikiBib.html WikiBib], a simple bibliography maker written in Javascript that has most of these templates built in. (Note: WikiBib uses a deprecated template for book references.) *[http://citationmachine.net/ Landmark Citation Machine] is also good for making bibliographies. It is regularly updated and runs on three separate servers. '''The system of presenting references in a Wikipedia article may change over time; it is more important to have clarity and consistency in an article than to adhere to any particular system.''' Remember: the most important thing is to enter comprehensive reference information — that is, enough information so that a reader can find the original source with relative ease. === Citation styles === The following are different methods that you can use to insert references in Wikipedia articles. [[Wikipedia:Inline Citation|In-text citations]] can be made using the [[Wikipedia:Footnotes|Cite.php system]] (preferred), or [[Wikipedia:Harvard referencing|Harvard style]] for certain specific technical areas. ==== Embedded HTML links ==== The MediaWiki software supports embedding HTML links directly into an article by enclosing a URL with single square brackets — <nowiki>[http://www.google.com]</nowiki> — which appears like this: [http://www.google.com <nowiki>[</nowiki>1<nowiki>]</nowiki>] A full citation ought then be given in the References section like this: <nowiki>*[http://google.com Google's website]</nowiki>, which appears as: * [http://google.com Google's website] A newspaper article referenced in an article by using an embedded link might be — <nowiki>[http://media.guardian.co.uk/site/story/0,14173,1601858,00.html]</nowiki> — which looks like this. [http://media.guardian.co.uk/site/story/0,14173,1601858,00.html <nowiki>[</nowiki>2<nowiki>]</nowiki>] The embedded link is placed after the period, or when placed within a sentence after a clause, then after the comma. Then in the References section, a full citation is provided: <nowiki>*[http://media.guardian.co.uk/site/story/0,14173,1601858,00.html "Sorrell accuses Murdoch of panic buying"] by John Plunkett, ''The Guardian'', October 27, 2005, retrieved October 27, 2005</nowiki> which appears as: * [http://media.guardian.co.uk/site/story/0,14173,1601858,00.html "Sorrell accuses Murdoch of panic buying"] by John Plunkett, ''The Guardian'', October 27, 2005, retrieved October 27, 2005 It is particularly important in the case of online newspaper articles to include byline, headline, newspaper, and date of publication, because many newspapers keep stories online only for a certain period before transferring them to the archives. With a full citation, readers will be able to find the article easily even if the link doesn't work. It's also important to provide and place in quotation marks the headline of the article, or title if it's a scholarly paper, so that Wikipedia is attributing a description of the article's contents to a source, and not describing it ourselves. For example, it isn't Wikipedia's claim that Sorrell is accusing Murdoch of panic buying, but the ''Guardian's'', and we should therefore quote the ''Guardian's'' headline, and not replace it with "A story about Murdoch's panic buying". Advantages of these embedded links are that it is easy for readers and other editors to click on the links and jump immediately to the cited article, which makes checking sources very easy, and that the links are easy to create and maintain. Disadvantages are that anyone who takes a random sample of these will find dead embedded links. Also, such links do not normally provide all the information that a traditional citation would have; thus, if the material moves or is dramatically changed, it can be difficult to rediscover the cited material, which is why it is important to include a full citation in the References section, just as you would with any other citation style. ==== Harvard referencing ==== {{details | Wikipedia:Harvard referencing}} [[Harvard referencing | The Harvard referencing system]] places a partial citation — the author's name and year of publication within parentheses — in the text itself, and a complete citation at the end of the text in an alphabetized list of "References". According to ''The Oxford Style Manual'', the Harvard system is the "most commonly used reference method in the physical and social sciences" (Ritter 2002). * For one author, add the author's surname and the year of publication in parentheses (round [[bracket]]s) after the sentence or paragraph, and before the period: for example (Smith 2005). * For two authors, use (Smith & Jones 2005); for more authors, use (Smith et al. 2005). * If the "References" section contains two or more works by the same author but published the same year, use a letter after the year to distinguish the different sources (for example, (Smith 2005a) and (Smith 2005b). ''Make sure that the in-text citations use the correct letters that correspond to the full citation in the "References" at the end of the article.'' * If the date of publication is unavailable, use "n.d." (meaning, no date) * Many times authors use an edition of a book that was published long after the original publication. In such cases, many people put the original date of publication in square brackets followed by the date of publication of the edition used by the author who is making the citation. For example, a citation might be :: (Marx [1867] 1967) : And the complete reference would be: :: Marx, Karl [1867] 1967 '' Capital: A Critique of Political Economy'' Vol. I. Edited by Frederick Engels. New York: International Publishers. * When providing a page number, the convention is (Smith 2005:73). * For a quotation that is within the text and marked by quotation marks, the citation follows the end-quotation mark ("), and precedes the period (.) * For a quotation that is indented, the citation follows the period. * When the author of the reference is named as part of the text itself, put the year in parentheses; for example "Smith (2005) says..." '''Note: Harvard referencing is not complete without the full citation at the end of the page (article) in the References section.''' ==== Complete citations in a "References" section ==== Complete citations, also called "references", are collected at the end of the article under a <nowiki>==References==</nowiki> heading. Under this heading, list the comprehensive reference information as a bulleted (<nowiki>*</nowiki>) list, one bullet per reference work. References typically include: the name of the author, the title of the book or article, and the date of publication. Different professions, academic disciplines, and publishers have different conventions as to the order in which this information should be arranged, or whether additional information is required. Usually, the list is in alphabetical order by the author's surname. The name of the publisher and its city is optional. The ISBN of a book is optional. Journal articles should include volume number, issue number and page numbers, if available. Typical references would be: * McDougall, D. (2003). [http://observer.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,6903,1598627,00.html "Trauma of quake's shattered children"]. ''Guardian''. Retrieved October 23, 2005. * Smith, J. ''How to cite your sources'', Random House, 2005. ISBN 1607000X or using a template (see source):  * <Cite style="font-style:normal">{{qif |test=L. Hussein ''et al'' |then={{qif |test={{{authorlink|}}} |then=[[{{{authorlink}}}|{{qif |test={{{last|}}} |then={{{last}}}{{qif |test={{{first|}}} |then=, {{{first}}} }} |else=L. Hussein ''et al'' }}]] |else={{qif |test={{{last|}}} |then={{{last}}}{{qif |test={{{first|}}} |then=, {{{first}}} }} |else=L. Hussein ''et al'' }} }} }}{{qif |test=L. Hussein ''et al'' |then={{qif |test={{{coauthors|}}} |then=, {{{coauthors}}} }} }}{{qif |test={{{date|}}} |then= ({{{date}}}) |else={{qif |test=1999 |then={{qif |test={{{month|}}} |then= ({{{month}}} 1999) |else= (1999) }} }} }}{{qif |test=L. Hussein ''et al'' |then=. }}{{qif |test={{{url|}}} |then=[{{{url}}} |else= }} "Nutritional quality and the presence of anti-nutritional factors in leaf protein concentrates (LPC)"{{qif |test={{{url|}}} |then=] |else= }}{{qif |test=International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition |then=. ''International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition'' }}{{qif |test=50 |then= '''50''' }}{{qif |test=5 |then= (5) }}{{qif |test=333–343 |then=<nowiki>:</nowiki> 333–343 }}{{qif |test={{{id|}}} |then=. {{{id}}} }}.</cite> For more templates to assist formatting, see [[Wikipedia:Template messages/Sources of articles/Generic citations | the citation templates]]. Citations for newspaper articles typically include the title of the article in quotes, the [[byline]] (author's name), the name of the newspaper in italics, date of publication, and the date you retrieved it if it's online. Some books have been reprinted several times over the course of the years. Sometimes they have gone through several editions, and sometimes a book may be published by several different publishers. This can raise serious problems for citations, because different editions may be paginated differently. Ideally, all citations in a given article should refer to the same edition by the same publisher, and this edition information should be included in the reference at the end of the article and/or the [[ISBN]] (see there) should be given. That way, there would be no confusion over the correct page number for cited quotes or material. * If the "References" section contains two or more works by the same author but published the same year, use a letter after the year to distinguish the different sources (for example 2005a and 2005b). * If you do not know the date of publication, try to find it (you could try your local library, the web-page of a national library such as the Library of Congress, or Amazon.com) * If the date of publication is unavailable, use "n.d." (meaning, no date) * Many times editors use an edition of a book that was published long after the original publication. In such cases, they ''must'' provide the date of the edition they are using or else the ISBN, and preferably both. This is important because different editions may be paginated differently. * When editors use an edition of a book that was published long after the original publication, they ''may'' put the original date of publication in square brackets followed by the date of publication of the edition used by the author who is making the citation. For example, an in-line citation might be :: (Marx [1867] 1967) : And the complete reference would be: :: Marx, Karl [1867] 1967 '' Capital: A Critique of Political Economy'' Vol. I. Edited by Frederick Engels. New York: International Publishers. As Wikipedia grows it is likely that different editors may rely on different editions of the same book. * Usually, different editions of the same book are published in different years. In such cases knowing the year is enough information to distinguish the different editions. * Sometimes, different editions of the same book are published in the same year. This often happens after a copyright has expired, and different publishing companies publish different editions. In such cases, one must know the publisher to distinguish the different editions, or else the ISBN. '''It is crucial that complete references be provided for each distinct edition referred to (or cited) in the article, and that each such in-line citation provide enough information to distinguish between editions'''. ==== Footnotes ==== {{details | Wikipedia:Footnotes}} Many publications in a wide range of fields use numbers — in square brackets and/or superscripted — to refer to a list of citations at the end of the article, e.g. {{ref_label | Smith1989 | 1 | a}} or [http://example.com [1<nowiki>]</nowiki>] with:  # <Cite id="endnote_Smith1989_a" style="font-style: normal;">[[#ref_Smith1989_a | '''^''']]</cite>  <cite style="font-style:normal">{{qif |test=L. Hussein ''et al'' |then={{qif |test={{{authorlink|}}} |then=[[{{{authorlink}}}|{{qif |test={{{last|}}} |then={{{last}}}{{qif |test={{{first|}}} |then=, {{{first}}} }} |else=L. Hussein ''et al'' }}]] |else={{qif |test={{{last|}}} |then={{{last}}}{{qif |test={{{first|}}} |then=, {{{first}}} }} |else=L. Hussein ''et al'' }} }} }}{{qif |test=L. Hussein ''et al'' |then={{qif |test={{{coauthors|}}} |then=, {{{coauthors}}} }} }}{{qif |test={{{date|}}} |then= ({{{date}}}) |else={{qif |test=1999 |then={{qif |test={{{month|}}} |then= ({{{month}}} 1999) |else= (1999) }} }} }}{{qif |test=L. Hussein ''et al'' |then=. }}{{qif |test={{{url|}}} |then=[{{{url}}} |else= }} "Nutritional quality and the presence of anti-nutritional factors in leaf protein concentrates (LPC)"{{qif |test={{{url|}}} |then=] |else= }}{{qif |test=International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition |then=. ''International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition'' }}{{qif |test=50 |then= '''50''' }}{{qif |test=5 |then= (5) }}{{qif |test=333–343 |then=<nowiki>:</nowiki> 333–343 }}{{qif |test={{{id|}}} |then=. {{{id}}} }}.</cite> ===== Technical issues with footnotes ===== Citations using numbered footnotes are controversial in Wikipedia for several reasons: # Until recently, the MediaWiki software had limited footnote support. In particular, [[Wikipedia:Footnotes | automatic numbering of footnotes]] conflicted with use of embedded HTML links in single square brackets with automatic numbering, and the same footnote cannot be used multiple times with automatic numbering. In contrast, the software could already support the Harvard style without issue. #* This appears now to have been addressed by [[meta:Cite/Cite.php | the new <ref> element]]. (more details at [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]]) # Many of today's style guides forbid or deprecate footnotes and reference endnotes when used simply to cite sources {{ref_harvard | ConcordiaLibraries | Concordia Libraries | a}}. The [[APA style]] does not use footnotes to cite sources. [[The MLA style manual]] has deprecated reference footnotes and reference endnotes for decades in favor of in-line bibliographic references. # Footnotes are normally simply numbered numerically. Thus, determining who said what typically requires a reader to continually jump back and forth between the main body and the footnote/endnote to see if there is something of value. When footnotes are simply providing a much more detailed argument, this is often not a problem, but if the footnotes are the primary citation method, this can be critical (since it is sometimes important to keep track of who claims what). '''Note: If a Wikipedia article does use footnotes, the footnotes in their own section must include the normal source citations just as in the "References" section for other ''inline citations'' above.''' ===== What footnotes are normally used for ===== * Some publications use footnotes for both the full citation of a source, and for tangential comments or information of interest to the reader. * Some publications use ''Harvard style'' notation for sources, and use footnotes exclusively for tangential comments or information of interest. In this case, in other words, footnotes are notes with relevant text that would distract from the main point if embedded in the main text, yet are helpful in explaining a point in greater detail. Such footnotes can be especially helpful for later fact-checkers, to ensure that the article text is well-supported. Thus, using footnotes to provide useful clarifying information outside the main point is fine where this is needed. ====="Notes" section ===== Technically, footnotes appear at the bottom of a page; endnotes appear at the end of a chapter or book. Since Wikipedia articles may be considered to consist of one long page, or of no pages at all, Wikipedia footnotes appear at the end of an article, but are nevertheless called footnotes. Recommended section names to use for footnotes in Wikipedia: * '''<nowiki>==Notes or Footnotes==</nowiki>''' * '''<nowiki>==Notes and references==</nowiki>''' section: Used if there is no separate section with general references, ''and'' if all sources of the general content of the article are covered by the footnotes, but see the note about this below. =====Maintaining a separate "References" section in addition to "Notes"===== It is helpful when footnotes are used that a References section also be maintained, in which the sources that were used are listed in alphabetical order. With articles that have lots of footnotes, it can become hard to see after a while exactly which sources have been used, particularly when the footnotes also contain explanatory text. A References section, which contains only citations, helps readers to see at a glance the quality of the references used. == What sources to cite == {{Details | Wikipedia:Reliable sources}} Prefer credible third-party peer-reviewed English-language sources. == Further reading/external links == An <nowiki>==External links==</nowiki> or <nowiki>==Further reading==</nowiki> section is placed at the end of an article after the References section, and offers books, articles, and links to websites related to the topic that might be of interest to the reader, but which ''have not been used as sources for the article''. Although this section has traditionally been called "external links," editors are increasingly calling it "further reading," because the references section may also contain external links, and the further-reading section may contain items that are not online. == What to do when a reference link "goes dead" == When a link in the External links/Further reading sections "goes dead", it is not a serious matter, and it can be removed from the article. Reference-section links (i.e. links to sources actually used to support material) in the article are another matter. In general, they are still worth keeping as part of the referencing apparatus of the article; often, a live substitute link can be found. Here are some pointers. In most cases, these approaches will preserve an acceptable citation. * A very large proportion of pages can be recovered from the [[Internet Archive]]. Just go to http://www.archive.org/ and search for the old link by URL. Make sure that your new citation mentions the date the page was archived by the Internet Archive.  * If this was a non-blind citation of web-only material, it may be worth the effort to search the target site for an equivalent page at a new location, an indication that the whole site has moved, etc. * If the link was merely a "convenience link" to an online copy of material that originally appeared in print, and an appropriate substitute cannot be found, it is acceptable to drop the link but keep the citation. * If you cannot find the page on the Internet Archive, remember that you can often find recently deleted pages in [[Google]]'s cache. They won't be there long, and it is no use linking to them, but this may let you find the content, which can be useful in finding an equivalent page elsewhere on the Internet and linking to that. If none of those strategies succeed, do not remove the inactive reference, but rather record the date that the original link was found to be inactive — even inactive, it still records the sources that were used, and it is possible hard copies of such references may exist, or alternatively that the page will turn up in the near future in the Internet Archive, which deliberately lags by six months or more. Note also that whilst many printed sources become outdated, scholars still routinely cite those works when referenced. == How to ask for citations == If an article needs references but you are unable to find them yourself, you can tag the article with the templates {{tl|unreferenced}} or {{tl|Primarysources}}. It is often more useful to indicate specific statements that need references, by tagging those statements with {{tl|Citation needed}}, which can be placed in the same place you would place an inline reference. == Citing Wikipedia in other works == For suggestions on how to cite Wikipedia '''in other works''', see [[Wikipedia:Citing Wikipedia]]; the tool '''[[Special:Cite]]''' is also available there to help you. == References == * Concordia Libraries (Concordia University). [http://library.concordia.ca/help/howto/citations.html Citation and Style Guides]. Retrieved December 28, 2004. (This provides a list of common citation styles.) * [http://www.english.uiuc.edu/cws/wworkshop/writer_resources/citation_styles/apa/apa.htm Citation Styles Handbook: APA] * [http://www.english.uiuc.edu/cws/wworkshop/writer_resources/citation_styles/mla/mla.htm Citation Styles Handbook: MLA] * [http://www.apastyle.org/elecref.html APA Style.org] * [http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/r_apa.html Using American Psychological Association (APA) Format] (Updated to 5th Edition) * [http://www.rhetoric.umn.edu/Student/Graduate/~mstewart/citations/ Citing Electronic Documentation] (APA, Chicago, MLA) * [http://www.columbia.edu/cu/cup/cgos/idx_basic.html The Columbia Guide to Online Style] * Ritter, R. (2002) The Oxford Style Manual, Oxford University Press. ISBN 0198605641 == Further reading == * [http://www.uwsp.edu/psych/apa4b.htm Psychology with Style: A Hypertext Writing Guide] * [http://webster.commnet.edu/mla/index.shtml A Guide for Writing Research Papers Based on Modern Language Association (MLA) Documentation] * [http://www.liunet.edu/cwis/cwp/library/workshop/citama.htm AMA Citation Style] * [http://www.wisc.edu/writing/Handbook/DocChiWorksCited.html Chicago/Turabian Documentation] * [http://library.concordia.ca/help/howto/turabian.pdf Citation Guide - Turabian] (.PDF file) * [http://www.library.unt.edu/govinfo/citate/Citegen.html General Guidelines for Citing Government Publications] * [http://bailiwick.lib.uiowa.edu/journalism/cite.html Guide to Citation Style Guides] * [http://www.stthomas.edu/libraries/guides/quickref/citing/ASRstyle.htm Sociology style (ASR)] * [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/uniform_requirements.html Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals] * [http://pubs.acs.org/books/references.shtml American Chemical Society reference style guidelines] == See also == * [[Meta:Cite/Cite.php | The <ref> element]] * [[Template:secref]] * [[Wikipedia:Common knowledge]] [[Category:Bibliography | {{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:Wikipedia style guidelines | {{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:Wikipedia how-to | {{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:Wikipedia guidelines | {{PAGENAME}}]]  [[bg:Уикипедия:Цитирайте източниците си]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:Citau les fonts]] [[da:Wikipedia:Kildeangivelser]] [[de:Wikipedia:Quellenangaben]] [[es:Wikipedia:Referencias]] [[fa:ویکی‌پدیا:شیوه ارجاع به منابع]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Citez vos sources]] [[ko:위키백과:인용]] [[he:ויקיפדיה:ביבליוגרפיה]] [[hr:Wikipedija:Literatura]] [[hu:Wikipédia:Idézd forrásaidat!]] [[ja:Wikipedia:出典を明記する]] [[no:Wikipedia:Bruk kilder]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Bibliografia]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Cite as fontes]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Citarea surselor]] [[ru:Википедия:Ссылки на источники]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Navajanje virov]] [[su:Wikipédia:Cutat rujukan]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Källhänvisningar]] [[te:Wikipedia:మూలాలు]] [[th:วิกิพีเดีย:การอ้างอิงแหล่งที่มา]] [[vi:Wikipedia:Chú thích nguồn gốc]] [[uk:Вікіпедія:Посилання на джерела]] [[zh:Wikipedia:文献的引用]] User talk:සසක්ති අබේසිංහ 1866 5261 2006-04-23T20:24:07Z 83.28.114.47 ==[[Kurów]]== Could you please write a stub http://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C3%B3w - just a few sentences based on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C3%B3w ? Only 2 -5 sentences enough. Please. [[:pl:User:Pietras1988|Pietras1988]] 20:24, 23 April 2006 (UTC) 5319 2006-05-04T02:13:32Z 132.181.7.1 ==[[Kurów]]== Could you please write a stub http://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C3%B3w - just a few sentences based on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C3%B3w ? Only 2 -5 sentences enough. Please. [[:pl:User:Pietras1988|Pietras1988]] 20:24, 23 April 2006 (UTC) ==Article request== '''Greetings Sasaki'''! Could you please kindly help me create a stub for [http://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church this article] - based on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church English article]. 2-5 lines would be sufficient enough and your help would be gratefully appreciated. Thankyou very much. Regards -- [[en:User:Jose77|Jose77]], 02:13 Thursday 4 May 2006 (UTC) 5320 2006-05-04T02:28:25Z 132.181.7.1 /* Article request */ ==[[Kurów]]== Could you please write a stub http://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C3%B3w - just a few sentences based on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C3%B3w ? Only 2 -5 sentences enough. Please. [[:pl:User:Pietras1988|Pietras1988]] 20:24, 23 April 2006 (UTC) ==Article request== '''Greetings සසක්ති අබේසිංහ'''! Could you please kindly help me create a Sinhalese stub for [http://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church this article] - based on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church English article]. 2-5 lines would be sufficient enough and your help would be gratefully appreciated. Thankyou very much. Regards -- [[en:User:Jose77|Jose77]], 02:13 Thursday 4 May 2006 (UTC) 5322 2006-05-04T02:38:01Z 132.181.7.1 /* Article request */ ==[[Kurów]]== Could you please write a stub http://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C3%B3w - just a few sentences based on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C3%B3w ? Only 2 -5 sentences enough. Please. [[:pl:User:Pietras1988|Pietras1988]] 20:24, 23 April 2006 (UTC) ==Translation request== '''Greetings Saskthi/සසක්ති අබේසිංහ'''! Could you please kindly help me translate [http://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church this article] into the Sinhalese language - which is based on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church English article]. Your help would be very gratefully appreciated. Thanks. Regards -- [[en:User:Jose77|Jose77]], 02:13 Thursday 4 May 2006 (UTC) 5323 2006-05-04T08:28:04Z 203.173.151.157 /* Translation request */ ==[[Kurów]]== Could you please write a stub http://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C3%B3w - just a few sentences based on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C3%B3w ? Only 2 -5 sentences enough. Please. [[:pl:User:Pietras1988|Pietras1988]] 20:24, 23 April 2006 (UTC) ==Translation request== '''Greetings Sasakthi Abeysinghe /සසක්ති අබේසිංහ'''! Could you please kindly help me translate [http://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church this article] into the Sinhalese language - which is based on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church English article]. Your help would be very gratefully appreciated. Thanks. Regards -- [[en:User:Jose77|Jose77]], 02:13 Thursday 4 May 2006 (UTC) 5324 2006-05-04T08:29:41Z 203.173.151.157 /* Translation request */ ==[[Kurów]]== Could you please write a stub http://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C3%B3w - just a few sentences based on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C3%B3w ? Only 2 -5 sentences enough. Please. [[:pl:User:Pietras1988|Pietras1988]] 20:24, 23 April 2006 (UTC) ==Translation request== '''Greetings Sasakthi Abeysinghe /සසක්ති අබේසිංහ'''! Could you please kindly help me translate [http://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church this article] into the Sinhalese language - which is based on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church English article]. Your help would be very gratefully appreciated. Thanks. Regards -- [[en:User:Jose77|Jose77]], 02:13 Thursday 4 May 2006 (UTC) (I used to live in St. Louis, for 4-5 years.) 5370 2006-05-09T15:26:50Z 217.153.83.162 Katowice ==[[Kurów]]== Could you please write a stub http://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C3%B3w - just a few sentences based on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C3%B3w ? Only 2 -5 sentences enough. Please. [[:pl:User:Pietras1988|Pietras1988]] 20:24, 23 April 2006 (UTC) ==Translation request== '''Greetings Sasakthi Abeysinghe /සසක්ති අබේසිංහ'''! Could you please kindly help me translate [http://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church this article] into the Sinhalese language - which is based on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church English article]. Your help would be very gratefully appreciated. Thanks. Regards -- [[en:User:Jose77|Jose77]], 02:13 Thursday 4 May 2006 (UTC) (I used to live in St. Louis, for 4-5 years.) == Katowice == Hello. I have the same question for You that Pietras, but about my parent city [[:en:Katowice]]. It's a main city in Poland, capital city of the bigest aglomeration in Poland. If You can write some sentences, please help us. Best Regards from Poland [[:pl:w:Stimoroll|Stimoroll]] 5378 2006-05-13T21:42:36Z Jose77 94 /* Translation request */ ==[[Kurów]]== Could you please write a stub http://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C3%B3w - just a few sentences based on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C3%B3w ? Only 2 -5 sentences enough. Please. [[:pl:User:Pietras1988|Pietras1988]] 20:24, 23 April 2006 (UTC) ==Translation request== '''Greetings Sasakthi Abeysinghe /සසක්ති අබේසිංහ'''! Could you please kindly help me translate [http://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church this article] into the Sinhalese language - which is based on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church English article]. Your help would be very gratefully appreciated. Thanks. Regards -- [[en:User:Jose77|Jose77]], 02:13 Thursday 4 May 2006 (UTC) == Katowice == Hello. I have the same question for You that Pietras, but about my parent city [[:en:Katowice]]. It's a main city in Poland, capital city of the bigest aglomeration in Poland. If You can write some sentences, please help us. Best Regards from Poland [[:pl:w:Stimoroll|Stimoroll]] 5611 2006-06-10T23:36:07Z 203.109.221.235 ==[[Kurów]]== Could you please write a stub http://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C3%B3w - just a few sentences based on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kur%C3%B3w ? Only 2 -5 sentences enough. Please. [[:pl:User:Pietras1988|Pietras1988]] 20:24, 23 April 2006 (UTC) == Katowice == Hello. I have the same question for You that Pietras, but about my parent city [[:en:Katowice]]. It's a main city in Poland, capital city of the bigest aglomeration in Poland. If You can write some sentences, please help us. Best Regards from Poland [[:pl:w:Stimoroll|Stimoroll]] User talk:Sharonwsin 1867 5265 2006-04-25T19:52:46Z Sharonwsin 87 දැනූම වචනෙය් ෙතරැම == දැනූම වචනෙය් ෙතරැම == මනූෂයන්‍ෙග් දැනූම් තත්වය ඔවූන්ෙග් දැනූම වෙයි. දැනූම ලබාගන්ෙන් ළපූරැද්ෙදන් භාෙවන ඉතාම ෙහාද අවෙබ‍ාධෙයන්. ඉගනගන්න ෙද්වල්, අලූතින් ෙසායා ගන්න ෙද්වල් සහ අවෙබා්ධ ෙවන ෙද්වල් සියලූම සම්බන්ධ කිරීෙම පතිපලය දැනූම ෙවයි. මනූෂයන්‍ට දැනීම බිහි ෙවන්ෙන් ඉගන ගැනීෙමන්මයි. යම් කිසි කාරණයකට ෙතාරතූ‍රැ තිෙබනවා නම් ඵම කාරණ‍ෙය් දැනූම ලබා ඇත. දැනූම මනූෂයන්‍ෙග් පතිභාඥානය වැඩි දියුුුණු කරයි . එම නිසා ලැබු දැනූම භාවිතා කර ෙගන සාධකෙයන් කියා කල හැකිය. ඉගන ගත් ෙතාරතූ‍රැ මනෙස් ගබඩා කිරීෙමන් දැනූම බිහි ෙවයි. සමාගමක වාසි් ලබා ගැනීමට දැනූම පාලන දැනූම පාලනය කිරීම කිරීම ඉතාම වැදගත් කාර්්යයක් ෙවයි. ෙතාරතූ‍රැ පහසුෙවන් හැම ෙදනාටම ෙබදාගන්න දැනූම පාලනය කිරීෙමි අර්ථය ෙවයි. User:Lee 1868 5268 2006-04-27T09:32:03Z Lee 85 En Taro Adun! 5309 2006-04-30T07:54:28Z Lee 85 En Taro Adun! Real name : හේරත් මුදියන්සෙලාගේ උෂීර රත්නයක / Herath Mudiyanselage Usheera Rathnayake I'm using the handle Lee because most guys in the Cyber Space know me by that. We need help (a lot of it) here, Please join us. 5311 2006-04-30T07:55:03Z Lee 85 En Taro Adun! Real name : හේරත් මුදියන්සෙලාගේ උෂීර රත්නයක / Herath Mudiyanselage Usheera Rathnayake I'm using the handle ''Lee'' because most guys in the Cyber Space know me by that. We need help (a lot of it) here, Please join us. 5312 2006-04-30T07:55:34Z Lee 85 En Taro Adun! Real name : හේරත් මුදියන්සෙලාගේ උෂීර රත්නයක / Herath Mudiyanselage Usheera Rathnayake I'm using the handle '''Lee''' because most guys in the Cyber Space know me by that. We need help (a lot of it) here, Please join us. 5315 2006-05-02T02:59:40Z Lee 85 En Taro Adun! We need help (a lot of it) here, Please join us. 5601 2006-06-09T13:50:41Z Lee 85 En Taro Adun! We need help (a lot of it) here, Please join us. '''I’m offline for few days. I’ll get back to you as soon as I come online again. Enjoy the weekend! :-)''' --[[User:Lee|Lee]] 13:50, 9 June 2006 (UTC) 5647 2006-06-20T12:07:24Z Lee 85 En Taro Adun! We need help (a lot of it) here, Please join us. මහාවංශය 1869 5269 2006-04-27T12:06:42Z Lee 85 {{Buddhism}} The '''Mahavansha''', also '''Mahawansha''', (Pāli: "great [[chronicle]]") is a historical record, written in the [[Pāli]] language, of the [[Buddhist]] [[monarch|kings]] as well as [[Dravidian]] kings of [[Sri Lanka]]. It covers the period from the coming of King Vijaya in [[543 BC]] to the reign of King Mahasena ([[334]] – [[361]]). The Mahavansha was written in the [[6th century|6th century CE]] by the Buddhist [[monk]] Mahanama thero, brother of the Sri-Lankan King Dhatusena, and heavily relied on the [[Dipavansha]], written five centuries earlier. A companion volume, the [[Choolavansha]] or Choolavansha ("lesser chronicle"), compiled by [[Sinhala]] Buddhist monks, covers the period from the [[4th century]] to the [[British Empire|British]] takeover of Sri Lanka in [[1815]]. The combined work, sometimes collectively referred to as the "Mahavansha", provides a continuous historical record of over two millennia. While not considered a canonical religious text, the Mahavansha is an important Buddhist document of the early history of religion in Sri Lanka, beginning near the time of the founder of Buddhism, [[Siddhartha Gautama]]. As it often refers to the royal [[dynasty|dynasties]] of [[India]], the Mahavansha is also valuable to historians who wish to date and relate contemporary royal dynasties in the [[Indian subcontinent]]. It is very important in dating the [[consecration]] of the [[Maurya]] emperor [[Asoka]], which is related to the [[synchronicity]] with the [[Seleucids]] and [[Alexander the Great]]. A [[German language|German]] translation of Mahavansha was completed by Wilhelm Geiger in [[1912]]. This was then translated into [[English language|English]] by Mabel Haynes Bode, and the English translation was revised by Geiger. The revised English translation is now available on the [[World wide web]]. ==See also== * [[History of Sri Lanka]] * [[Buddhist texts]] * [[Bodhi Vansa]] ==External links== * [http://lakdiva.org/mahavamsa/ Geiger/Bode Translation of the Mahavamsa] [[Category:Buddhist texts]] [[Category:History of Sri Lanka]] [[Category:Religion in Sri Lanka]] [[Category:Sri Lankan literature]] [[fa:ماهاوامسا]] 5270 2006-04-27T12:08:07Z Lee 85 The '''Mahavansha''', also '''Mahawansha''', (Pāli: "great [[chronicle]]") is a historical record, written in the [[Pāli]] language, of the [[Buddhist]] [[monarch|kings]] as well as [[Dravidian]] kings of [[Sri Lanka]]. It covers the period from the coming of King Vijaya in [[543 BC]] to the reign of King Mahasena ([[334]] – [[361]]). The Mahavansha was written in the [[6th century|6th century CE]] by the Buddhist [[monk]] Mahanama thero, brother of the Sri-Lankan King Dhatusena, and heavily relied on the [[Dipavansha]], written five centuries earlier. A companion volume, the [[Choolavansha]] or Choolavansha ("lesser chronicle"), compiled by [[Sinhala]] Buddhist monks, covers the period from the [[4th century]] to the [[British Empire|British]] takeover of Sri Lanka in [[1815]]. The combined work, sometimes collectively referred to as the "Mahavansha", provides a continuous historical record of over two millennia. While not considered a canonical religious text, the Mahavansha is an important Buddhist document of the early history of religion in Sri Lanka, beginning near the time of the founder of Buddhism, [[Siddhartha Gautama]]. As it often refers to the royal [[dynasty|dynasties]] of [[India]], the Mahavansha is also valuable to historians who wish to date and relate contemporary royal dynasties in the [[Indian subcontinent]]. It is very important in dating the [[consecration]] of the [[Maurya]] emperor [[Asoka]], which is related to the [[synchronicity]] with the [[Seleucids]] and [[Alexander the Great]]. A [[German language|German]] translation of Mahavansha was completed by Wilhelm Geiger in [[1912]]. This was then translated into [[English language|English]] by Mabel Haynes Bode, and the English translation was revised by Geiger. The revised English translation is now available on the [[World wide web]]. ==See also== * [[History of Sri Lanka]] * [[Buddhist texts]] * [[Bodhi Vansa]] ==External links== * [http://lakdiva.org/mahavamsa/ Geiger/Bode Translation of the Mahavamsa] [[Category:Buddhist texts]] [[Category:History of Sri Lanka]] [[Category:Religion in Sri Lanka]] [[Category:Sri Lankan literature]] [[fa:ماهاوامسا]] 5271 2006-04-27T12:09:44Z Lee 85 මහා වංශය යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ රාජ වංශය ගැන පාලි භාෂාවෙන් ලියැවුන ඓතිහාසික වාර්තාවකි. මෙයින් විජය රජුගේ ලංකාවතරණයේ (ක්‍රිස්තු පූර්ව 543) සිට මහසෙන් රජුගේ රාජ්‍ය කාලය (334-361) දක්වා වූ කාලය ආවර්ණය වේ. ක්‍රිස්තු වර්ශ සය වන (6) සියවසේදී මහානාම හිමියන් විසින් රචිත යැයි සැලකෙන මහා වංශය,ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් ඊට ශතවර්ශ හතරකට (4) පෙර රචිත දීපවංශය මූලාශ්‍ර කොටගෙන ඇත. The '''Mahavansha''', also '''Mahawansha''', (Pāli: "great [[chronicle]]") is a historical record, written in the [[Pāli]] language, of the [[Buddhist]] [[monarch|kings]] as well as [[Dravidian]] kings of [[Sri Lanka]]. It covers the period from the coming of King Vijaya in [[543 BC]] to the reign of King Mahasena ([[334]] – [[361]]). The Mahavansha was written in the [[6th century|6th century CE]] by the Buddhist [[monk]] Mahanama thero, brother of the Sri-Lankan King Dhatusena, and heavily relied on the [[Dipavansha]], written five centuries earlier. A companion volume, the [[Choolavansha]] or Choolavansha ("lesser chronicle"), compiled by [[Sinhala]] Buddhist monks, covers the period from the [[4th century]] to the [[British Empire|British]] takeover of Sri Lanka in [[1815]]. The combined work, sometimes collectively referred to as the "Mahavansha", provides a continuous historical record of over two millennia. While not considered a canonical religious text, the Mahavansha is an important Buddhist document of the early history of religion in Sri Lanka, beginning near the time of the founder of Buddhism, [[Siddhartha Gautama]]. As it often refers to the royal [[dynasty|dynasties]] of [[India]], the Mahavansha is also valuable to historians who wish to date and relate contemporary royal dynasties in the [[Indian subcontinent]]. It is very important in dating the [[consecration]] of the [[Maurya]] emperor [[Asoka]], which is related to the [[synchronicity]] with the [[Seleucids]] and [[Alexander the Great]]. A [[German language|German]] translation of Mahavansha was completed by Wilhelm Geiger in [[1912]]. This was then translated into [[English language|English]] by Mabel Haynes Bode, and the English translation was revised by Geiger. The revised English translation is now available on the [[World wide web]]. ==See also== * [[History of Sri Lanka]] * [[Buddhist texts]] * [[Bodhi Vansa]] ==External links== * [http://lakdiva.org/mahavamsa/ Geiger/Bode Translation of the Mahavamsa] [[Category:Buddhist texts]] [[Category:History of Sri Lanka]] [[Category:Religion in Sri Lanka]] [[Category:Sri Lankan literature]] [[fa:ماهاوامسا]] 5272 2006-04-27T12:13:23Z Lee 85 මහා වංශය යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ රාජ වංශය ගැන පාලි භාෂාවෙන් ලියැවුන ඓතිහාසික වාර්තාවකි. මෙයින් විජය රජුගේ ලංකාවතරණයේ (ක්‍රිස්තු පූර්ව 543) සිට මහසෙන් රජුගේ රාජ්‍ය කාලය (334-361) දක්වා වූ කාලය ආවර්ණය වේ. ක්‍රිස්තු වර්ශ සය වන (6) සියවසේදී මහානාම හිමියන් විසින් රචිත යැයි සැලකෙන මහා වංශය,ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් ඊට ශතවර්ශ හතරකට (4) පෙර රචිත දීපවංශය මූලාශ්‍ර කොටගෙන ඇත. A companion volume, the [[Choolavansha]] or Choolavansha ("lesser chronicle"), compiled by [[Sinhala]] Buddhist monks, covers the period from the [[4th century]] to the [[British Empire|British]] takeover of Sri Lanka in [[1815]]. The combined work, sometimes collectively referred to as the "Mahavansha", provides a continuous historical record of over two millennia. While not considered a canonical religious text, the Mahavansha is an important Buddhist document of the early history of religion in Sri Lanka, beginning near the time of the founder of Buddhism, [[Siddhartha Gautama]]. As it often refers to the royal [[dynasty|dynasties]] of [[India]], the Mahavansha is also valuable to historians who wish to date and relate contemporary royal dynasties in the [[Indian subcontinent]]. It is very important in dating the [[consecration]] of the [[Maurya]] emperor [[Asoka]], which is related to the [[synchronicity]] with the [[Seleucids]] and [[Alexander the Great]]. A [[German language|German]] translation of Mahavansha was completed by Wilhelm Geiger in [[1912]]. This was then translated into [[English language|English]] by Mabel Haynes Bode, and the English translation was revised by Geiger. The revised English translation is now available on the [[World wide web]]. ==See also== * [[History of Sri Lanka]] * [[Buddhist texts]] * [[Bodhi Vansa]] ==External links== * [http://lakdiva.org/mahavamsa/ Geiger/Bode Translation of the Mahavamsa] [[Category:Buddhist texts]] [[Category:History of Sri Lanka]] [[Category:Religion in Sri Lanka]] [[Category:Sri Lankan literature]] [[fa:ماهاوامسا]] 5273 2006-04-27T12:46:01Z Lee 85 මහා වංශය යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ රාජ වංශය ගැන පාලි භාෂාවෙන් ලියැවුන ඓතිහාසික වාර්තාවකි. මෙයින් විජය රජුගේ ලංකාවතරණයේ (ක්‍රිස්තු පූර්ව 543) සිට මහසෙන් රජුගේ රාජ්‍ය කාලය (334-361) දක්වා වූ කාලය ආවර්ණය වේ. ක්‍රිස්තු වර්ශ සය වන (6) සියවසේදී මහානාම හිමියන් විසින් රචිත යැයි සැලකෙන මහා වංශය,ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් ඊට ශතවර්ශ හතරකට (4) පෙර රචිත දීපවංශය මූලාශ්‍ර කොටගෙන ඇත. A companion volume, the [[Choolavansha]] or Choolavansha ("lesser chronicle"), compiled by [[Sinhala]] Buddhist monks, covers the period from the [[4th century]] to the [[British Empire|British]] takeover of Sri Lanka in [[1815]]. The combined work, sometimes collectively referred to as the "Mahavansha", provides a continuous historical record of over two millennia. While not considered a canonical religious text, the Mahavansha is an important Buddhist document of the early history of religion in Sri Lanka, beginning near the time of the founder of Buddhism, [[Siddhartha Gautama]]. As it often refers to the royal [[dynasty|dynasties]] of [[India]], the Mahavansha is also valuable to historians who wish to date and relate contemporary royal dynasties in the [[Indian subcontinent]]. It is very important in dating the [[consecration]] of the [[Maurya]] emperor [[Asoka]], which is related to the [[synchronicity]] with the [[Seleucids]] and [[Alexander the Great]]. A [[German language|German]] translation of Mahavansha was completed by Wilhelm Geiger in [[1912]]. This was then translated into [[English language|English]] by Mabel Haynes Bode, and the English translation was revised by Geiger. The revised English translation is now available on the [[World wide web]]. ==See also== * [[History of Sri Lanka]] * [[Buddhist texts]] * [[Bodhi Vansa]] ==External links== * [http://lakdiva.org/mahavamsa/ Geiger/Bode Translation of the Mahavamsa] [[Category:Buddhist texts]] [[Category:History of Sri Lanka]] [[Category:Religion in Sri Lanka]] [[Category:Sri Lankan literature]] [[en:Mahavamsa]] [[fa:ماهاوامسا]] 5274 2006-04-28T00:19:07Z Sasakthi 84 Just changing AD ... but good stuff Usheera මහා වංශය යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ රාජ වංශය ගැන පාලි භාෂාවෙන් ලියැවුන ඓතිහාසික වාර්තාවකි. මෙයින් විජය රජුගේ ලංකාවතරණයේ (ක්‍රි.පූ. 543) සිට මහසෙන් රජුගේ රාජ්‍ය කාලය (334-361) දක්වා වූ කාලය ආවර්ණය වේ. ක්‍රිස්තු වර්ශ සය වන (6) සියවසේදී මහානාම හිමියන් විසින් රචිත යැයි සැලකෙන මහා වංශය,ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් ඊට ශතවර්ශ හතරකට (4) පෙර රචිත දීපවංශය මූලාශ්‍ර කොටගෙන ඇත. A companion volume, the [[Choolavansha]] or Choolavansha ("lesser chronicle"), compiled by [[Sinhala]] Buddhist monks, covers the period from the [[4th century]] to the [[British Empire|British]] takeover of Sri Lanka in [[1815]]. The combined work, sometimes collectively referred to as the "Mahavansha", provides a continuous historical record of over two millennia. While not considered a canonical religious text, the Mahavansha is an important Buddhist document of the early history of religion in Sri Lanka, beginning near the time of the founder of Buddhism, [[Siddhartha Gautama]]. As it often refers to the royal [[dynasty|dynasties]] of [[India]], the Mahavansha is also valuable to historians who wish to date and relate contemporary royal dynasties in the [[Indian subcontinent]]. It is very important in dating the [[consecration]] of the [[Maurya]] emperor [[Asoka]], which is related to the [[synchronicity]] with the [[Seleucids]] and [[Alexander the Great]]. A [[German language|German]] translation of Mahavansha was completed by Wilhelm Geiger in [[1912]]. This was then translated into [[English language|English]] by Mabel Haynes Bode, and the English translation was revised by Geiger. The revised English translation is now available on the [[World wide web]]. ==See also== * [[History of Sri Lanka]] * [[Buddhist texts]] * [[Bodhi Vansa]] ==External links== * [http://lakdiva.org/mahavamsa/ Geiger/Bode Translation of the Mahavamsa] [[Category:Buddhist texts]] [[Category:History of Sri Lanka]] [[Category:Religion in Sri Lanka]] [[Category:Sri Lankan literature]] [[en:Mahavamsa]] [[fa:ماهاوامسا]] 5353 2006-05-08T13:10:07Z Lee 85 [[මහා වංශය]] moved to [[මහාවංශය]] මහා වංශය යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ රාජ වංශය ගැන පාලි භාෂාවෙන් ලියැවුන ඓතිහාසික වාර්තාවකි. මෙයින් විජය රජුගේ ලංකාවතරණයේ (ක්‍රි.පූ. 543) සිට මහසෙන් රජුගේ රාජ්‍ය කාලය (334-361) දක්වා වූ කාලය ආවර්ණය වේ. ක්‍රිස්තු වර්ශ සය වන (6) සියවසේදී මහානාම හිමියන් විසින් රචිත යැයි සැලකෙන මහා වංශය,ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් ඊට ශතවර්ශ හතරකට (4) පෙර රචිත දීපවංශය මූලාශ්‍ර කොටගෙන ඇත. A companion volume, the [[Choolavansha]] or Choolavansha ("lesser chronicle"), compiled by [[Sinhala]] Buddhist monks, covers the period from the [[4th century]] to the [[British Empire|British]] takeover of Sri Lanka in [[1815]]. The combined work, sometimes collectively referred to as the "Mahavansha", provides a continuous historical record of over two millennia. While not considered a canonical religious text, the Mahavansha is an important Buddhist document of the early history of religion in Sri Lanka, beginning near the time of the founder of Buddhism, [[Siddhartha Gautama]]. As it often refers to the royal [[dynasty|dynasties]] of [[India]], the Mahavansha is also valuable to historians who wish to date and relate contemporary royal dynasties in the [[Indian subcontinent]]. It is very important in dating the [[consecration]] of the [[Maurya]] emperor [[Asoka]], which is related to the [[synchronicity]] with the [[Seleucids]] and [[Alexander the Great]]. A [[German language|German]] translation of Mahavansha was completed by Wilhelm Geiger in [[1912]]. This was then translated into [[English language|English]] by Mabel Haynes Bode, and the English translation was revised by Geiger. The revised English translation is now available on the [[World wide web]]. ==See also== * [[History of Sri Lanka]] * [[Buddhist texts]] * [[Bodhi Vansa]] ==External links== * [http://lakdiva.org/mahavamsa/ Geiger/Bode Translation of the Mahavamsa] [[Category:Buddhist texts]] [[Category:History of Sri Lanka]] [[Category:Religion in Sri Lanka]] [[Category:Sri Lankan literature]] [[en:Mahavamsa]] [[fa:ماهاوامسا]] 5355 2006-05-08T13:11:24Z Lee 85 මහාවංශය යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ රාජ වංශය ගැන පාලි භාෂාවෙන් ලියැවුන ඓතිහාසික වාර්තාවකි. මෙයින් විජය රජුගේ ලංකාවතරණයේ (ක්‍රි.පූ. 543) සිට මහසෙන් රජුගේ රාජ්‍ය කාලය (334-361) දක්වා වූ කාලය ආවර්ණය වේ. ක්‍රිස්තු වර්ශ සය වන (6) සියවසේදී මහානාම හිමියන් විසින් රචිත යැයි සැලකෙන මහාවංශය,ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් ඊට ශතවර්ශ හතරකට (4) පෙර රචිත [[දීපවංශය]] මූලාශ්‍ර කොටගෙන ඇත. A companion volume, the [[Choolavansha]] or Choolavansha ("lesser chronicle"), compiled by [[Sinhala]] Buddhist monks, covers the period from the [[4th century]] to the [[British Empire|British]] takeover of Sri Lanka in [[1815]]. The combined work, sometimes collectively referred to as the "Mahavansha", provides a continuous historical record of over two millennia. While not considered a canonical religious text, the Mahavansha is an important Buddhist document of the early history of religion in Sri Lanka, beginning near the time of the founder of Buddhism, [[Siddhartha Gautama]]. As it often refers to the royal [[dynasty|dynasties]] of [[India]], the Mahavansha is also valuable to historians who wish to date and relate contemporary royal dynasties in the [[Indian subcontinent]]. It is very important in dating the [[consecration]] of the [[Maurya]] emperor [[Asoka]], which is related to the [[synchronicity]] with the [[Seleucids]] and [[Alexander the Great]]. A [[German language|German]] translation of Mahavansha was completed by Wilhelm Geiger in [[1912]]. This was then translated into [[English language|English]] by Mabel Haynes Bode, and the English translation was revised by Geiger. The revised English translation is now available on the [[World wide web]]. ==See also== * [[History of Sri Lanka]] * [[Buddhist texts]] * [[Bodhi Vansa]] ==External links== * [http://lakdiva.org/mahavamsa/ Geiger/Bode Translation of the Mahavamsa] [[Category:Buddhist texts]] [[Category:History of Sri Lanka]] [[Category:Religion in Sri Lanka]] [[Category:Sri Lankan literature]] [[en:Mahavamsa]] [[fa:ماهاوامسا]] 5492 2006-06-04T05:55:53Z Lee 85 {{බුදු දහම}} මහාවංශය යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ රාජ වංශය ගැන පාලි භාෂාවෙන් ලියැවුන ඓතිහාසික වාර්තාවකි. මෙයින් විජය රජුගේ ලංකාවතරණයේ (ක්‍රි.පූ. 543) සිට මහසෙන් රජුගේ රාජ්‍ය කාලය (334-361) දක්වා වූ කාලය ආවර්ණය වේ. ක්‍රිස්තු වර්ශ සය වන (6) සියවසේදී මහානාම හිමියන් විසින් රචිත යැයි සැලකෙන මහාවංශය,ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් ඊට ශතවර්ශ හතරකට (4) පෙර රචිත [[දීපවංශය]] මූලාශ්‍ර කොටගෙන ඇත. A companion volume, the [[Choolavansha]] or Choolavansha ("lesser chronicle"), compiled by [[Sinhala]] Buddhist monks, covers the period from the [[4th century]] to the [[British Empire|British]] takeover of Sri Lanka in [[1815]]. The combined work, sometimes collectively referred to as the "Mahavansha", provides a continuous historical record of over two millennia. While not considered a canonical religious text, the Mahavansha is an important Buddhist document of the early history of religion in Sri Lanka, beginning near the time of the founder of Buddhism, [[Siddhartha Gautama]]. As it often refers to the royal [[dynasty|dynasties]] of [[India]], the Mahavansha is also valuable to historians who wish to date and relate contemporary royal dynasties in the [[Indian subcontinent]]. It is very important in dating the [[consecration]] of the [[Maurya]] emperor [[Asoka]], which is related to the [[synchronicity]] with the [[Seleucids]] and [[Alexander the Great]]. A [[German language|German]] translation of Mahavansha was completed by Wilhelm Geiger in [[1912]]. This was then translated into [[English language|English]] by Mabel Haynes Bode, and the English translation was revised by Geiger. The revised English translation is now available on the [[World wide web]]. == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == * [[History of Sri Lanka]] * [[Buddhist texts]] * [[Bodhi Vansa]] == අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු == * [http://lakdiva.org/mahavamsa/ Geiger/Bode Translation of the Mahavamsa] [[Category:Buddhist texts]] [[Category:History of Sri Lanka]] [[Category:Religion in Sri Lanka]] [[Category:Sri Lankan literature]] [[en:Mahavamsa]] [[fa:ماهاوامسا]] කුරුණෑගල 1870 5276 2006-04-28T09:09:17Z Lee 85 [[Image:Kurunegala.jpg|thumb|right|200px|View of Kurunegala from atop Ethagala.]] '''Kurunegala''' is the capital of the [[North Western Province, Sri Lanka]] and the [[Kurunegala District]]. A transport hub, it has a railway station, and several main roads linking important parts of the country. Kurunegala has a population of 28,571. [[Ethagala]], a rock reaching 316 meters, towers over the town, which is located at an altitude of 116 meters above sea level. The climate is tropical monsoon, with about 1800 millimeters of rain per year. 5277 2006-04-28T12:43:44Z Lee 85 [[Image:Kurunegala.jpg|thumb|right|200px|View of Kurunegala from atop Ethagala.]] ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ වයඹ පලාතේ අග නුවර වන කුරුණෑගල, කුරුණෑගල දිස්ත්‍රික්කයේ ප්‍රධාන නගරයයි. රටේ ප්‍රවාහන ජාලයේ මූලස්ථානයක් වන මෙය, ප්‍රධාන නගර කිහිපයක් යාකරන මහා මාර්ග පද්දතියකින් සහ දුම්රිය පලකින්ද සමන්විත වෙයි. Kurunegala has a population of 28,571. [[Ethagala]], a rock reaching 316 meters, towers over the town, which is located at an altitude of 116 meters above sea level. The climate is tropical monsoon, with about 1800 millimeters of rain per year. ==See also== * [[මලියදේව විදුහල, කුරුණෑගල]] [[en:Kurunegala]] 5278 2006-04-28T12:47:27Z Lee 85 {{duplicate|Image:Kurunegala.jpg|thumb|right|200px|View of Kurunegala from atop Ethagala.}} ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ වයඹ පලාතේ අග නුවර වන කුරුණෑගල, කුරුණෑගල දිස්ත්‍රික්කයේ ප්‍රධාන නගරයයි. රටේ ප්‍රවාහන ජාලයේ මූලස්ථානයක් වන මෙය, ප්‍රධාන නගර කිහිපයක් යාකරන මහා මාර්ග පද්දතියකින් සහ දුම්රිය පලකින්ද සමන්විත වෙයි. Kurunegala has a population of 28,571. [[Ethagala]], a rock reaching 316 meters, towers over the town, which is located at an altitude of 116 meters above sea level. The climate is tropical monsoon, with about 1800 millimeters of rain per year. ==See also== * [[මලියදේව විදුහල, කුරුණෑගල]] [[en:Kurunegala]] 5279 2006-04-28T12:53:54Z Lee 85 [[Image:Kurunegala.jpg|thumb|right|200px|View of Kurunegala from atop Ethagala.]] ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ වයඹ පලාතේ අග නුවර වන කුරුණෑගල, කුරුණෑගල දිස්ත්‍රික්කයේ ප්‍රධාන නගරයයි. රටේ ප්‍රවාහන ජාලයේ මූලස්ථානයක් වන මෙය, ප්‍රධාන නගර කිහිපයක් යාකරන මහා මාර්ග පද්දතියකින් සහ දුම්රිය පලකින්ද සමන්විත වෙයි. Kurunegala has a population of 28,571. [[Ethagala]], a rock reaching 316 meters, towers over the town, which is located at an altitude of 116 meters above sea level. The climate is tropical monsoon, with about 1800 millimeters of rain per year. ==See also== * [[මලියදේව විදුහල, කුරුණෑගල]] [[en:Kurunegala]] 5280 2006-04-28T12:54:44Z Lee 85 [[Image:Kurunegala.jpg|thumb|right|200px|View of Kurunegala from atop Ethagala.]] ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ වයඹ පලාතේ අග නුවර වන කුරුණෑගල, කුරුණෑගල දිස්ත්‍රික්කයේ ප්‍රධාන නගරයයි. රටේ ප්‍රවාහන ජාලයේ මූලස්ථානයක් වන මෙය, ප්‍රධාන නගර කිහිපයක් යාකරන මහා මාර්ග පද්දතියකින් සහ දුම්රිය පලකින්ද සමන්විත වෙයි. Kurunegala has a population of 28,571. [[Ethagala]], a rock reaching 316 meters, towers over the town, which is located at an altitude of 116 meters above sea level. The climate is tropical monsoon, with about 1800 millimeters of rain per year. ==See also== * [[මලියදේව විදුහල, කුරුණෑගල]] [[en:Kurunegala]] 5298 2006-04-30T06:03:38Z Lee 85 [[Image:Kurunegala.jpg|thumb|right|200px|කුරුණෑගල නගරය ඇතාගල මුදුනේ සිට දිස්වන අයුරු.]] ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ වයඹ පලාතේ අග නුවර වන කුරුණෑගල, කුරුණෑගල දිස්ත්‍රික්කයේ ප්‍රධාන නගරයයි. රටේ ප්‍රවාහන ජාලයේ මූලස්ථානයක් වන මෙය, ප්‍රධාන නගර කිහිපයක් යාකරන මහා මාර්ග පද්දතියකින් සහ දුම්රිය පලකින්ද සමන්විත වෙයි. Kurunegala has a population of 28,571. [[Ethagala]], a rock reaching 316 meters, towers over the town, which is located at an altitude of 116 meters above sea level. The climate is tropical monsoon, with about 1800 millimeters of rain per year. ==See also== * [[මලියදේව විදුහල, කුරුණෑගල]] [[en:Kurunegala]] 5929 2006-07-02T19:48:43Z Ruwan 82 කුරුණෑගල [[Image:Kurunegala.jpg|thumb|right|200px|කුරුණෑගල නගරය ඇතාගල මුදුනේ සිට දිස්වන අයුරු.]] ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ වයඹ පලාතේ අග නුවර වන කුරුණෑගල, කුරුණෑගල දිස්ත්‍රික්කයේ ප්‍රධාන නගරයයි. රටේ ප්‍රවාහන ජාලයේ මූලස්ථානයක් වන මෙය, ප්‍රධාන නගර කිහිපයක් යාකරන මහා මාර්ග පද්දතියකින් සහ දුම්රිය පලකින්ද සමන්විත වෙයි. Kurunegala has a population of 28,571. [[Ethagala]], a rock reaching 316 meters, towers over the town, which is located at an altitude of 116 meters above sea level. The climate is tropical monsoon, with about 1800 millimeters of rain per year. ==තවද බලන්න== * [[මලියදේව විදුහල, කුරුණෑගල]] [[en:Kurunegala]] User talk:Gangleri 1871 5295 2006-04-29T17:55:44Z Gangleri 89 __TOC__ Talk:කුරුණෑගල 1872 5299 2006-04-30T06:05:25Z Lee 85 Does anyone know how to refer an image from the English version? - [[User:Lee|Lee]] 06:05, 30 April 2006 (UTC) චූලවංශය 1873 5300 2006-04-30T06:27:44Z Lee 85 {{බුදු දහම}} '''චූල වංශය'''යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ රාජ වංශය ගැන පාලි භාෂාවෙන් ලියැවුන ඓතිහාසික වාර්තාවකි. මෙයින් සිව්වන (4) ශතවර්ශයේ සිට 1815 දක්වා වූ කාලය ආවර්ණය වේ. The Culavamsa was compiled over many years by [[Sinhala]] [[Buddhist]] [[monks]]. It is generally considered to be a sequel to the [[Mahavamsa]] ("great chronicle") written in the [[6th century]] by the monk Mahanama. The Mahavamsa and the Culavamsa are sometimes thought of as a single work (referred to as the "Mahavamsa") spanning over two millennia of [[Sri Lanka]]n history. The Culavamsa is divided into two parts. The first part begins with the 4th century arrival in Sri Lanka of a [[Relic of the tooth of the Buddha|relic]], said to be a tooth of [[Siddhartha Gautama]] (founder of [[Buddhism]]) and continues to the reign of King Parakramabahu the Great ([[1153]] – [[1186]]). While the authorship of the first part is traditionally ascribed to the monk Dhammakitti, many historians now believe it to be a collaborative effort, written by a number of monks. The second part, written over many years, continues the history of the Sri Lankan monarchy until its end in [[1815]], when Sri Lanka was conquered by the [[British Empire]]. A German translation of the Culavamsa was completed by Wilhelm Geiger in [[1930]]. This was subsequently translated into English by Mabel Haynes Bode, and the English translation was revised by Geiger. ==See also== * [[History of Sri Lanka]] * [[Buddhist texts]] [[Category:Buddhist texts]] [[Category:History of Sri Lanka]] [[Category:Religion in Sri Lanka]] [[Category:Sri Lankan literature]] [[en:Culavamsa]] [[fa:کولاوامسا]] 5302 2006-04-30T07:23:30Z Lee 85 '''චූල වංශය''' යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ රාජ වංශය ගැන පාලි භාෂාවෙන් ලියැවුන ඓතිහාසික වාර්තාවකි. මෙයින් සිව්වන (4) ශතවර්ශයේ සිට 1815 දක්වා වූ කාලය ආවර්ණය වේ. චූල වංශය, සිංහල බෞද්ධ භික්ෂූන් විසින් වසර ගණනාවක් මුළුල්ලේ සංස්කරණය කරන ලද්දකි වන අතර මෙය හයවන (6) සියවසේ මහානාම හිමියන් විසින් රචිත මහා වංශයේ, දෙවන කොටස ලෙසද සැලකනු ලබයි. එසේම සමහර අවස්ථා වලදී මහා වංශය සහ චූල වංශය යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ඉතිහාසයේ වසර දෙදහසකට (2000) වඩා වැඩි කාලයක් ගැන විස්තර කෙරෙන එකම (මහා වංශය යන නමින්ම) ග්‍රන්ථයක් ලෙසද සලකනු ලබයි. The Culavamsa is divided into two parts. The first part begins with the 4th century arrival in Sri Lanka of a [[Relic of the tooth of the Buddha|relic]], said to be a tooth of [[Siddhartha Gautama]] (founder of [[Buddhism]]) and continues to the reign of King Parakramabahu the Great ([[1153]] – [[1186]]). While the authorship of the first part is traditionally ascribed to the monk Dhammakitti, many historians now believe it to be a collaborative effort, written by a number of monks. The second part, written over many years, continues the history of the Sri Lankan monarchy until its end in [[1815]], when Sri Lanka was conquered by the [[British Empire]]. A German translation of the Culavamsa was completed by Wilhelm Geiger in [[1930]]. This was subsequently translated into English by Mabel Haynes Bode, and the English translation was revised by Geiger. ==See also== * [[History of Sri Lanka]] * [[Buddhist texts]] [[Category:Buddhist texts]] [[Category:History of Sri Lanka]] [[Category:Religion in Sri Lanka]] [[Category:Sri Lankan literature]] [[en:Culavamsa]] [[fa:کولاوامسا]] 5303 2006-04-30T07:25:04Z Lee 85 '''චූල වංශය''' යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ රාජ වංශය ගැන පාලි භාෂාවෙන් ලියැවුන ඓතිහාසික වාර්තාවකි. මෙයින් සිව්වන (4) ශතවර්ශයේ සිට 1815 දක්වා වූ කාලය ආවර්ණය වේ. චූල වංශය, සිංහල බෞද්ධ භික්ෂූන් විසින් වසර ගණනාවක් මුළුල්ලේ සංස්කරණය කරන ලද්දකි වන අතර මෙය හයවන (6) සියවසේ මහානාම හිමියන් විසින් රචිත මහා වංශයේ, දෙවන කොටස ලෙසද සැලකනු ලබයි. එසේම සමහර අවස්ථා වලදී මහා වංශය සහ චූල වංශය යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ඉතිහාසයේ වසර දෙදහසකට (2000) වඩා වැඩි කාලයක් ගැන විස්තර කෙරෙන එකම ([[මහා වංශය]] යන නමින්ම) ග්‍රන්ථයක් ලෙසද සලකනු ලබයි. The Culavamsa is divided into two parts. The first part begins with the 4th century arrival in Sri Lanka of a [[Relic of the tooth of the Buddha|relic]], said to be a tooth of [[Siddhartha Gautama]] (founder of [[Buddhism]]) and continues to the reign of King Parakramabahu the Great ([[1153]] – [[1186]]). While the authorship of the first part is traditionally ascribed to the monk Dhammakitti, many historians now believe it to be a collaborative effort, written by a number of monks. The second part, written over many years, continues the history of the Sri Lankan monarchy until its end in [[1815]], when Sri Lanka was conquered by the [[British Empire]]. A German translation of the Culavamsa was completed by Wilhelm Geiger in [[1930]]. This was subsequently translated into English by Mabel Haynes Bode, and the English translation was revised by Geiger. ==See also== * [[History of Sri Lanka]] * [[Buddhist texts]] [[Category:Buddhist texts]] [[Category:History of Sri Lanka]] [[Category:Religion in Sri Lanka]] [[Category:Sri Lankan literature]] [[en:Culavamsa]] [[fa:کولاوامسا]] 5318 2006-05-03T12:57:37Z Lee 85 '''චූල වංශය''' යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ රාජ වංශය ගැන පාලි භාෂාවෙන් ලියැවුන ඓතිහාසික වාර්තාවකි. මෙයින් සිව්වන (4) ශතවර්ශයේ සිට 1815 දක්වා වූ කාලය ආවර්ණය වේ. චූල වංශය, සිංහල බෞද්ධ භික්ෂූන් විසින් වසර ගණනාවක් මුළුල්ලේ සංස්කරණය කරන ලද්දකි වන අතර මෙය හයවන (6) සියවසේ මහානාම හිමියන් විසින් රචිත [[මහා වංශය | මහා වංශයේ]], දෙවන කොටස ලෙසද සැලකනු ලබයි. එසේම සමහර අවස්ථා වලදී මහා වංශය සහ චූල වංශය යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ඉතිහාසයේ වසර දෙදහසකට (2000) වඩා වැඩි කාලයක් ගැන විස්තර කෙරෙන එකම (මහා වංශය යන නමින්ම) ග්‍රන්ථයක් ලෙසද සලකනු ලබයි. චූල වංශය ප්‍රධාන කොටස් දෙකකින් යුක්ත වෙයි. එහි මුල් කොටස සිව් වන (4) සියවසේ සිද්ධාර්ථ ගෞතමයාණන් වහන්සේගේ දන්ත ධාතුව ලක්දිවට වැඩමවීමෙන් ආරම්භ වී මහා පරාක්‍රමබාහු රජුගේ (1153-1186) රාජ්‍ය කාලයෙන් අවසන් වෙයි. While the authorship of the first part is traditionally ascribed to the monk Dhammakitti, many historians now believe it to be a collaborative effort, written by a number of monks. The second part, written over many years, continues the history of the Sri Lankan monarchy until its end in [[1815]], when Sri Lanka was conquered by the [[British Empire]]. A German translation of the Culavamsa was completed by Wilhelm Geiger in [[1930]]. This was subsequently translated into English by Mabel Haynes Bode, and the English translation was revised by Geiger. ==See also== * [[History of Sri Lanka]] * [[Buddhist texts]] [[Category:Buddhist texts]] [[Category:History of Sri Lanka]] [[Category:Religion in Sri Lanka]] [[Category:Sri Lankan literature]] [[en:Culavamsa]] [[fa:کولاوامسا]] 5356 2006-05-08T13:13:10Z Lee 85 [[චූල වංශය]] moved to [[චූලවංශය]] '''චූල වංශය''' යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ රාජ වංශය ගැන පාලි භාෂාවෙන් ලියැවුන ඓතිහාසික වාර්තාවකි. මෙයින් සිව්වන (4) ශතවර්ශයේ සිට 1815 දක්වා වූ කාලය ආවර්ණය වේ. චූල වංශය, සිංහල බෞද්ධ භික්ෂූන් විසින් වසර ගණනාවක් මුළුල්ලේ සංස්කරණය කරන ලද්දකි වන අතර මෙය හයවන (6) සියවසේ මහානාම හිමියන් විසින් රචිත [[මහා වංශය | මහා වංශයේ]], දෙවන කොටස ලෙසද සැලකනු ලබයි. එසේම සමහර අවස්ථා වලදී මහා වංශය සහ චූල වංශය යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ඉතිහාසයේ වසර දෙදහසකට (2000) වඩා වැඩි කාලයක් ගැන විස්තර කෙරෙන එකම (මහා වංශය යන නමින්ම) ග්‍රන්ථයක් ලෙසද සලකනු ලබයි. චූල වංශය ප්‍රධාන කොටස් දෙකකින් යුක්ත වෙයි. එහි මුල් කොටස සිව් වන (4) සියවසේ සිද්ධාර්ථ ගෞතමයාණන් වහන්සේගේ දන්ත ධාතුව ලක්දිවට වැඩමවීමෙන් ආරම්භ වී මහා පරාක්‍රමබාහු රජුගේ (1153-1186) රාජ්‍ය කාලයෙන් අවසන් වෙයි. While the authorship of the first part is traditionally ascribed to the monk Dhammakitti, many historians now believe it to be a collaborative effort, written by a number of monks. The second part, written over many years, continues the history of the Sri Lankan monarchy until its end in [[1815]], when Sri Lanka was conquered by the [[British Empire]]. A German translation of the Culavamsa was completed by Wilhelm Geiger in [[1930]]. This was subsequently translated into English by Mabel Haynes Bode, and the English translation was revised by Geiger. ==See also== * [[History of Sri Lanka]] * [[Buddhist texts]] [[Category:Buddhist texts]] [[Category:History of Sri Lanka]] [[Category:Religion in Sri Lanka]] [[Category:Sri Lankan literature]] [[en:Culavamsa]] [[fa:کولاوامسا]] 5358 2006-05-08T13:14:08Z Lee 85 '''චූලවංශය''' යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ රාජ වංශය ගැන පාලි භාෂාවෙන් ලියැවුන ඓතිහාසික වාර්තාවකි. මෙයින් සිව්වන (4) ශතවර්ශයේ සිට 1815 දක්වා වූ කාලය ආවර්ණය වේ. චූලවංශය, සිංහල බෞද්ධ භික්ෂූන් විසින් වසර ගණනාවක් මුළුල්ලේ සංස්කරණය කරන ලද්දකි වන අතර මෙය හයවන (6) සියවසේ මහානාම හිමියන් විසින් රචිත [[මහාවංශය | මහාවංශයේ]], දෙවන කොටස ලෙසද සැලකනු ලබයි. එසේම සමහර අවස්ථා වලදී මහාවංශය සහ චූලවංශය යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ඉතිහාසයේ වසර දෙදහසකට (2000) වඩා වැඩි කාලයක් ගැන විස්තර කෙරෙන එකම (මහාවංශය යන නමින්ම) ග්‍රන්ථයක් ලෙසද සලකනු ලබයි. චූලවංශය ප්‍රධාන කොටස් දෙකකින් යුක්ත වෙයි. එහි මුල් කොටස සිව් වන (4) සියවසේ සිද්ධාර්ථ ගෞතමයාණන් වහන්සේගේ දන්ත ධාතුව ලක්දිවට වැඩමවීමෙන් ආරම්භ වී මහා පරාක්‍රමබාහු රජුගේ (1153-1186) රාජ්‍ය කාලයෙන් අවසන් වෙයි. While the authorship of the first part is traditionally ascribed to the monk Dhammakitti, many historians now believe it to be a collaborative effort, written by a number of monks. The second part, written over many years, continues the history of the Sri Lankan monarchy until its end in [[1815]], when Sri Lanka was conquered by the [[British Empire]]. A German translation of the Culavamsa was completed by Wilhelm Geiger in [[1930]]. This was subsequently translated into English by Mabel Haynes Bode, and the English translation was revised by Geiger. ==See also== * [[History of Sri Lanka]] * [[Buddhist texts]] [[Category:Buddhist texts]] [[Category:History of Sri Lanka]] [[Category:Religion in Sri Lanka]] [[Category:Sri Lankan literature]] [[en:Culavamsa]] [[fa:کولاوامسا]] 5493 2006-06-04T05:59:01Z Lee 85 {{බුදු දහම}} '''චූලවංශය''' යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ රාජ වංශය ගැන පාලි භාෂාවෙන් ලියැවුන ඓතිහාසික වාර්තාවකි. මෙයින් සිව්වන (4) ශතවර්ශයේ සිට 1815 දක්වා වූ කාලය ආවර්ණය වේ. චූලවංශය, සිංහල බෞද්ධ භික්ෂූන් විසින් වසර ගණනාවක් මුළුල්ලේ සංස්කරණය කරන ලද්දකි වන අතර මෙය හයවන (6) සියවසේ මහානාම හිමියන් විසින් රචිත [[මහාවංශය | මහාවංශයේ]], දෙවන කොටස ලෙසද සැලකනු ලබයි. එසේම සමහර අවස්ථා වලදී මහාවංශය සහ චූලවංශය යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ඉතිහාසයේ වසර දෙදහසකට (2000) වඩා වැඩි කාලයක් ගැන විස්තර කෙරෙන එකම (මහාවංශය යන නමින්ම) ග්‍රන්ථයක් ලෙසද සලකනු ලබයි. චූලවංශය ප්‍රධාන කොටස් දෙකකින් යුක්ත වෙයි. එහි මුල් කොටස සිව් වන (4) සියවසේ සිද්ධාර්ථ ගෞතමයාණන් වහන්සේගේ දන්ත ධාතුව ලක්දිවට වැඩමවීමෙන් ආරම්භ වී මහා පරාක්‍රමබාහු රජුගේ (1153-1186) රාජ්‍ය කාලයෙන් අවසන් වෙයි. While the authorship of the first part is traditionally ascribed to the monk Dhammakitti, many historians now believe it to be a collaborative effort, written by a number of monks. The second part, written over many years, continues the history of the Sri Lankan monarchy until its end in [[1815]], when Sri Lanka was conquered by the [[British Empire]]. A German translation of the Culavamsa was completed by Wilhelm Geiger in [[1930]]. This was subsequently translated into English by Mabel Haynes Bode, and the English translation was revised by Geiger. ==වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා== * [[History of Sri Lanka]] * [[Buddhist texts]] [[Category:Buddhist texts]] [[Category:History of Sri Lanka]] [[Category:Religion in Sri Lanka]] [[Category:Sri Lankan literature]] [[en:Culavamsa]] [[fa:کولاوامسا]] Template:බුදු දහම 1874 5301 2006-04-30T06:29:39Z Lee 85 {| class="infobox" style="font-size: 95%" |- ! style="background: #feb; padding: .2em 0" | [[Image:Dharma wheel 1.png|30px|Dharma wheel]] [[Buddhism]] |- | [[Cultural elements of Buddhism|Culture]] |- | [[History of Buddhism|History]] |- | [[List of Buddhist topics|List of topics]] |- | [[List of Buddhists|People]] |- | [[Buddhism by region|By region]] |- | [[Buddhism by country|By country]] |- | [[Schools of Buddhism|Schools]] |- | [[List of Buddhist temples|Temples]] |- | [[Buddhist terms and concepts|Concepts]] |- | [[Buddhist texts|Texts]] |- | [[Timeline of Buddhism|Timeline]] |- | style="background: #feb; padding: .2em 0" | [[Portal:Buddhism|Portal]] |- |} <noinclude> [[Category:Infobox templates|Buddhism]] [[ru:Шаблон:Буддизм]] </noinclude> 5491 2006-06-04T05:52:30Z Lee 85 {| class="toccolours" cellpadding="1" width="160px" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; text-align:center; border: 1px solid #007f00; font-size: 90%;clear:right;" |Part of a [[:Category:Buddhism|series]] of articles on '''[[Buddhism]]''' [[Image:Dharma wheel 1.png|Dharma wheel]] |- | style="font-size:11px" | '''[[History of Buddhism]]''' [[Timeline of Buddhism]] |- | '''[[Buddhist terms and concepts|Basic Concepts]]''' [[Pratitya-samutpada|Dependent Origination]] [[Three Jewels]] [[The Four Noble Truths]] [[Noble Eightfold Path]] [[Nirvana|Nirvāna]] |- | '''[[List of Buddhists|Major Figures]]''' [[Buddha]] [[Bodhisattva]] |- | '''[[Buddhism by region]]''' [[Southeast Asian Buddhism]] [[Chinese Buddhism]] [[Tibetan Buddhism]] [[Western Buddhism]] |- | '''Tripartite Buddhism''' [[Nikaya Buddhism|Nikaya]] [[Mahayana|Mahāyāna]] [[Vajrayana|Vajrayāna]] |- | '''[[Buddhist texts|Texts]]''' [[Vinaya|Vinaya Pitaka]] [[Sutta Pitaka]] [[Abhidhamma Pitaka]] |- | '''[[Cultural elements of Buddhism|Culture of Buddhism]]''' <center>{{Tnavbar|Buddhism}}</center> |} <noinclude> [[Category:Religion navigational boxes|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[ru:Шаблон:Буддизм]] </noinclude> 5504 2006-06-04T08:13:49Z Lee 85 {| class="toccolours" cellpadding="1" width="160px" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; text-align:center; border: 1px solid #007f00; font-size: 90%;clear:right;" |Part of a [[:Category:බුදු දහම|series]] of articles on '''[[බුදු දහම]]''' [[Image:Dharma wheel 1.png|ධර්ම චක්‍රය]] |- | style="font-size:11px" | '''[[බුදු දහමේ ඉතිහාසය]]''' [[Timeline of Buddhism]] |- | '''[[Buddhist terms and concepts|Basic Concepts]]''' [[Pratitya-samutpada|Dependent Origination]] [[තෙරුවන්]] [[The Four Noble Truths]] [[Noble Eightfold Path]] [[Nirvana|Nirvāna]] |- | '''[[List of Buddhists|Major Figures]]''' [[Buddha]] [[Bodhisattva]] |- | '''[[Buddhism by region]]''' [[Southeast Asian Buddhism]] [[Chinese Buddhism]] [[Tibetan Buddhism]] [[Western Buddhism]] |- | '''Tripartite Buddhism''' [[Nikaya Buddhism|Nikaya]] [[Mahayana|Mahāyāna]] [[Vajrayana|Vajrayāna]] |- | '''[[Buddhist texts|Texts]]''' [[Vinaya|Vinaya Pitaka]] [[Sutta Pitaka]] [[Abhidhamma Pitaka]] |- | '''[[Cultural elements of Buddhism|Culture of Buddhism]]''' <center>{{Tnavbar|බුදු දහම}}</center> |} <noinclude> [[Category:Religion navigational boxes|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[ru:Шаблон:Буддизм]] </noinclude> Kurów 1875 5305 2006-04-30T07:52:25Z Sasakthi 84 ::''For the place of similar name in [[New Zealand]] see: [[Kurow]]''  {{Infobox Poland| city_name=Kurów| motto=| voivodship=[[Lublin Voivodship]]| council=Gmina Kurów| mayor=[[Stanisław Wójcicki]]| area=11,3| population=2811 (2005)| agglomeration=3927 (with Kurów) | density=248| date_founded=before [[1185]]| city_rights=ca. [[1442]]-[[1870]]| latitude=51°23′ N| longitude=22°11′ E| area_code=81| car_plates=LPU| twin_towns=none| website=http://www.kurow.lubelskie.pl/| location_pic=KurówPoland.png| flag_pic=| coa_pic=Herb Kurowa.png| colour_scheme=background:#cccccc;| }} '''Kurów''' ({{IPAudio|Kurów.ogg|['kuruf]}}) is a village in South-Eastern [[Poland]], located between [[Puławy]] and [[Lublin]], on the [[Kurówka]] River. It is capital of a separate [[gmina]] within the [[Lublin Voivodship]] and has 2811 inhabitants (as of [[2005]]). Between [[1431]] and [[1442]] the village was granted with city rights based on the [[Magdeburg Law]]. As a private town, it served as a centre of foodstuffs trade for the surrounding area. Several [[fur]] and [[leather]] production manufactories were also located there. In [[16th century]] it was one of the centres of [[Calvinism]], as many of the [[Polish Brethren]] settled there. Gradually, until [[1660]], most of the inhabitants converted to [[Arianism]]. Since then it shared the history of the whole region. After the third [[Partitions of Poland|partitions of Poland]], in [[1795]], it was annexed by [[Austria]]. In [[1809]] it became part of the [[Duchy of Warsaw]], only to become part of the [[Congress Poland|Kingdom of Poland]] in [[1815]]. During the [[November Uprising]], in February of [[1831]], a minor [[Battle of Kurów]] took place there, with Polish forces under general [[Józef Dwernicki]] defeating the Russian units. After the [[January Uprising]], in [[1870]] the town finally lost the city charter, never to regain it. Since [[1918]] it is again part of Poland. During the [[Polish Defensive War]], at the outbreak of [[World War II]], on [[September 9]], [[1939]], the town was heavily bombed by German [[Luftwaffe]]. Among the targets destroyed was a civilian hospital (marked with red crosses), where many victims perished. During the War, Germany set up two [[slave labour]] [[German concentration camps|camps]] in the town. In [[1942]] also a minor [[ghetto]] was established there, but the majority of Poles imprisoned there managed to escape and joined the [[Home Army]] units operating in the forests nearby. Among the notable tourist attractions is a [[renaissance]] church (refurbished in [[1692]]) with a grave of the Zbąski family and sculptures by [[Santi Gucci]] ([[1587]]). It is also known as the birthplace of general [[Wojciech Jaruzelski]]. <gallery> Image:Kosciol1.jpg|Church (built in 1452) Image:Urzad2.jpg|Commune Hall </gallery> == External links == {{Commonscat|Kurów}} [[Category:Villages in Poland]] [[af:Kurów]] [[als:Kurau]] [[am:ኩሩቭ]] [[ang:Kurów]] [[ar:كوروف]] [[an:Kurów]] [[ast:Kurów]] [[az:Kurów]] [[zh-min-nan:Kurów-chhī]] [[be:Кураў]] [[bs:Kurov]] [[bg:Куров]] [[ca:Kurów]] [[cv:Куров]] [[ceb:Kurów]] [[cs:Kurów]] [[co:Kurów]] [[cy:Kurów]] [[da:Kurów]] [[de:Kurów]] [[arc:ܟܘܼܪܘܿܘ]] [[et:Kurów]] [[el:Κουρόβ]] [[es:Kurów]] [[eo:Kurów]] [[eu:Kurow]] [[fa:روستای کورو (لهستان)]] [[fr:Kurów]] [[fy:Kurów]] [[fur:Kurów]] [[ga:Kurów]] [[gv:Kurów]] [[gl:Curóv - Kurów]] [[got:𐌺𐌿𐍂𐍉𐍅]] [[ko:쿠루프]] [[hy:Կուռով]] [[hi:कुरोव]] [[hr:Kurów]] [[io:Kurów]] [[ilo:Kurów]] [[id:Kurów]] [[ia:Kurów]] [[os:Курув]] [[is:Kurów]] [[it:Kurów]] [[he:קורוב]] [[jv:Kurów]] [[ka:კუროვი]] [[csb:Kurów]] [[kw:Kurów]] [[ku:Kurów]] [[lad:Kurów]] [[la:Curovia]] [[lv:Kurova]] [[lb:Kurów]] [[lt:Kuruvas]] [[li:Kurów]] [[lmo:Kurów]] [[hu:Kurów]] [[map-bms:Kurów]] [[mk:Куров (село)]] [[mg:Kurów]] [[ml:ക്യുറോ]] [[mt:Kurów]] [[mi:Kurów]] [[mr:कुरो, पोलंड]] [[ms:Kurów]] [[mo:Курув]] [[na:Kurów]] [[nl:Kurów]] [[ja:クルフ]] [[nap:Kurów]] [[ne:Kurów]] [[no:Kurów]] [[nn:Kurów]] [[oc:Kurów]] [[nds:Kurów]] [[pap:Kurów]] [[pl:Kurów (powiat puławski)]] [[pt:Kurów]] [[ro:Kurów]] [[ru:Куров]] [[war:Kurów]] [[sco:Kurów]] [[sq:Kurów]] [[scn:Kurów]] [[simple:Kurów]] [[sk:Kurów]] [[sl:Kurów]] [[sr:Куров (повјат пулавски)]] [[sh:Kurov]] [[su:Kurów]] [[sw:Kurow]] [[fi:Kurów]] [[sv:Kurów]] [[tl:Kurów]] [[tt:Kurów]] [[te:కురోవ్]] [[th:กูรูฟ]] [[vi:Kurów]] [[tr:Kurów]] [[udm:Курув]] [[uk:Курів]] [[vec:Kurów]] [[vo:Kurów]] [[fiu-vro:Kurów]] [[vls:Kurów]] [[yi:קוראָב]] [[bat-smg:Kurów]] [[zh:库鲁夫市]] 5372 2006-05-10T18:40:06Z 83.28.142.230 ::''For the place of similar name in [[New Zealand]] see: [[Kurow]]''  {{Infobox Poland| city_name=Kurów| motto=| voivodship=[[Lublin Voivodship]]| council=Gmina Kurów| mayor=[[Stanisław Wójcicki]]| area=11,3| population=2811 (2005)| agglomeration=3927 (with Kurów) | density=248| date_founded=before [[1185]]| city_rights=ca. [[1442]]-[[1870]]| latitude=51°23′ N| longitude=22°11′ E| area_code=81| car_plates=LPU| twin_towns=none| website=http://www.kurow.lubelskie.pl/| location_pic=KurówPoland.png| flag_pic=| coa_pic=Herb Kurowa.png| colour_scheme=background:#cccccc;| }} '''Kurów''' ({{IPAudio|Kurów.ogg|['kuruf]}}) is a village in South-Eastern [[Poland]], located between [[Puławy]] and [[Lublin]], on the [[Kurówka]] River. It is capital of a separate [[gmina]] within the [[Lublin Voivodship]] and has 2811 inhabitants (as of [[2005]]). Between [[1431]] and [[1442]] the village was granted with city rights based on the [[Magdeburg Law]]. As a private town, it served as a centre of foodstuffs trade for the surrounding area. Several [[fur]] and [[leather]] production manufactories were also located there. In [[16th century]] it was one of the centres of [[Calvinism]], as many of the [[Polish Brethren]] settled there. Gradually, until [[1660]], most of the inhabitants converted to [[Arianism]]. Since then it shared the history of the whole region. After the third [[Partitions of Poland|partitions of Poland]], in [[1795]], it was annexed by [[Austria]]. In [[1809]] it became part of the [[Duchy of Warsaw]], only to become part of the [[Congress Poland|Kingdom of Poland]] in [[1815]]. During the [[November Uprising]], in February of [[1831]], a minor [[Battle of Kurów]] took place there, with Polish forces under general [[Józef Dwernicki]] defeating the Russian units. After the [[January Uprising]], in [[1870]] the town finally lost the city charter, never to regain it. Since [[1918]] it is again part of Poland. During the [[Polish Defensive War]], at the outbreak of [[World War II]], on [[September 9]], [[1939]], the town was heavily bombed by German [[Luftwaffe]]. Among the targets destroyed was a civilian hospital (marked with red crosses), where many victims perished. During the War, Germany set up two [[slave labour]] [[German concentration camps|camps]] in the town. In [[1942]] also a minor [[ghetto]] was established there, but the majority of Poles imprisoned there managed to escape and joined the [[Home Army]] units operating in the forests nearby. Among the notable tourist attractions is a [[renaissance]] church (refurbished in [[1692]]) with a grave of the Zbąski family and sculptures by [[Santi Gucci]] ([[1587]]). It is also known as the birthplace of general [[Wojciech Jaruzelski]]. <gallery> Image:Kosciol1.jpg|Church (built in 1452) Image:Urzad2.jpg|Commune Hall </gallery> == External links == {{Commonscat|Kurów}} [[Category:Villages in Poland]] [[map-bms:Kurów]] [[af:Kurów]] [[als:Kurau]] [[am:ኩሩቭ]] [[ang:Kurów]] [[ar:كوروف]] [[an:Kurów]] [[ast:Kurów]] [[az:Kurów]] [[zh-min-nan:Kurów-chhī]] [[be:Кураў]] [[bs:Kurov]] [[bg:Куров]] [[ca:Kurów]] [[cv:Куров]] [[ceb:Kurów]] [[cs:Kurów]] [[co:Kurów]] [[cy:Kurów]] [[da:Kurów]] [[pdc:Kurów]] [[de:Kurów]] [[dv:ކުރޫފް]] [[arc:ܟܘܼܪܘܿܘ]] [[et:Kurów]] [[el:Κουρόβ]] [[es:Kurów]] [[eo:Kurów]] [[eu:Kurow]] [[fa:روستای کورو (لهستان)]] [[fr:Kurów]] [[fy:Kurów]] [[fur:Kurów]] [[ga:Kurów]] [[gv:Kurów]] [[gl:Curóv - Kurów]] [[got:𐌺𐌿𐍂𐍉𐍅]] [[ko:쿠루프]] [[hy:Կուռով]] [[hi:कुरोव]] [[hr:Kurów]] [[io:Kurów]] [[ilo:Kurów]] [[id:Kurów]] [[ia:Kurów]] [[os:Курув]] [[is:Kurów]] [[it:Kurów]] [[he:קורוב]] [[jv:Kurów]] [[ka:კუროვი]] [[csb:Kurów]] [[kw:Kurów]] [[ky:Kurów]] [[sw:Kurów]] [[ku:Kurów]] [[lad:Kurów]] [[la:Curovia]] [[lv:Kurova]] [[lb:Kurów]] [[lt:Kuruvas]] [[li:Kurów]] [[lmo:Kurów]] [[hu:Kurów]] [[mk:Куров (село)]] [[mg:Kurów]] [[ml:ക്യുറോ]] [[mt:Kurów]] [[mi:Kurów]] [[mr:कुरो, पोलंड]] [[ms:Kurów]] [[mo:Курув]] [[na:Kurów]] [[nl:Kurów]] [[ne:Kurów]] [[ja:クルフ]] [[nap:Kurów]] [[no:Kurów]] [[nn:Kurów]] [[oc:Kurów]] [[pap:Kurów]] [[nds:Kurów]] [[pl:Kurów (powiat puławski)]] [[pt:Kurów]] [[ro:Kurów]] [[qu:Kurów]] [[ru:Куров]] [[war:Kurów]] [[sco:Kurów]] [[sq:Kurów]] [[scn:Kurów]] [[si:Kurów]] [[simple:Kurów]] [[sk:Kurów]] [[sl:Kurów]] [[sr:Куров (повјат пулавски)]] [[sh:Kurov]] [[su:Kurów]] [[fi:Kurów]] [[sv:Kurów]] [[tl:Kurów]] [[tt:Kurów]] [[te:కురోవ్]] [[th:กูรูฟ]] [[vi:Kurów]] [[tr:Kurów]] [[udm:Курув]] [[uk:Курів]] [[vec:Kurów]] [[vo:Kurów]] [[fiu-vro:Kurów]] [[vls:Kurów]] [[yi:קוראָב]] [[bat-smg:Kurów]] [[zh:库鲁夫市]] 5373 2006-05-10T18:41:04Z 83.28.142.230 {{delete}} {{delete}} Template:Infobox Poland 1876 5306 2006-04-30T07:52:58Z Sasakthi 84 {| class="infobox" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="border: 1px #8898BF solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%; float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width: 300px; text-align:left; vertical-align:baseline;" |- | colspan="2" style="background-color:#A8D3FF; font-size:1px; height:3px;" | |- | colspan="2" style="{{{colour_scheme}}}" style="text-align:center; background-color:#FFFFFF; border:1px solid #aaa; font-size:large;" | '''{{{city_name}}}''' |- {{#if:{{{flag_pic}}} |{{!}} style="text-align:center; width:180px;" {{!}} [[Image:{{{flag_pic}}}{{!}}140px{{!}}Flag of {{{city_name}}}]] |{{!}} }} {{#if:{{{coa_pic}}} |{{!}} style="text-align:center; width:180px;" {{!}} [[Image:{{{coa_pic}}}{{!}}100px{{!}}Coat of Arms of {{{city_name}}}]] |{{!}} }} |- {{#if:{{{flag_pic}}} |{{!}} style="text-align:center; width:180px;" {{!}} ([[Flag of {{{city_name}}}{{!}}Flag]]) |{{!}} }} {{#if:{{{coa_pic}}} |{{!}} style="text-align:center; width:180px;" {{!}} ([[Coat of Arms of {{{city_name}}}|Coat of Arms]]) |{{!}} }} |- {{#if:{{{motto}}} |{{!}} colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-bottom:3px solid gray; font-size:x-small;" {{!}} [[Motto]]: {{{motto}}} |{{!}} colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-bottom:3px solid gray; font-size:x-small;" {{!}} }} |- class="hiddenStructure{{{location_pic|}}}" | colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | [[Image:{{{location_pic|}}}|300px|Location of {{{city_name}}}]] |- class="hiddenStructure{{{voivodship|}}}" | style="background-color:#F2F2F2;" | [[Voivodship]] | style="background-color:#FBFBFB;" | {{{voivodship|}}} |- class="hiddenStructure{{{council|}}}" | style="background-color:#F2F2F2;" | Municipal government | style="background-color:#FBFBFB;" | ''{{{council|}}}'' |- class="hiddenStructure{{{mayor|}}}" | style="background-color:#F2F2F2;" | Mayor | style="background-color:#FBFBFB;" | {{{mayor|}}} |- class="hiddenStructure{{{area|}}}" | style="background-color:#F2F2F2;" | [[Area]] | style="background-color:#FBFBFB;" | {{{area|}}} km² |- | style="background-color:#F2F2F2;" | [[Population]]  - city  - urban  - [[population density|density]] | style="background-color:#FBFBFB;" | {{{population}}} {{{agglomeration}}} {{{density}}}/km² |- class="hiddenStructure{{{date_founded|}}}" | style="background-color:#F2F2F2;" | Founded | style="background-color:#FBFBFB;" | {{{date_founded|}}} |- class="hiddenStructure{{{city_rights|}}}" | style="background-color:#F2F2F2;" | City rights | style="background-color:#FBFBFB;" | {{{city_rights|}}} |- class="hiddenStructure{{{latitude|}}}" | style="background-color:#F2F2F2;" | Latitude Longitude | style="background-color:#FBFBFB;" | {{{latitude|}}} {{{longitude|}}} |- class="hiddenStructure{{{area_code|}}}" | style="background-color:#F2F2F2;" | [[Area code]] | style="background-color:#FBFBFB;" | +48 {{{area_code|}}} |- class="hiddenStructure{{{car_plates|}}}" | style="background-color:#F2F2F2;" | [[Polish car number plates|Car plates]] | style="background-color:#FBFBFB;" | {{{car_plates|}}} |- class="hiddenStructure{{{twin_towns|}}}" | style="background-color:#F2F2F2;" | [[Twin towns]] | style="background-color:#FBFBFB; font-size:small;" | {{{twin_towns|}}} |- class="hiddenStructure{{{website|}}}" | style="{{{colour_scheme}}}" colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:small;" | [{{{website|}}} Municipal Website] |}<noinclude> [[Category:Templates using ParserFunctions|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:Infobox templates|Poland]] </noinclude> Template:! 1877 5307 2006-04-30T07:53:34Z Sasakthi 84 |<noinclude> ---- This is an auxiliary template allowing to encode "<code>|</code>" within template parameters. It is '''unnecessary''' to get a "<code>|</code>" in these cases, better use "<code>&#124;</code>" for this purpose. However the "<code>|</code>" delimiter for a Wiki table has to be escaped by a template if it's used within a template, see also [[WP:QIF]]. Note that there's no such problem with "<code>!</code>" (exclamation mark), it only affects "<code>|</code>" (vertical bar) in conjunction with the [[m:Help:Parameter_default]] mechanism within tables. For obvious reasons this is a '''high risk template''', and it cannot be [[WP:SUBST|substituted]]. {{Lts|{{PAGENAME}}}} [[Category:Template templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:Wikipedia special effects templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[vi:Tiêu bản:!]] </noinclude> Template:Lts 1878 5308 2006-04-30T07:54:07Z Sasakthi 84 [[:Template:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|Template:{{ucfirst:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}]] <tt>(</tt>[{{fullurl:Template:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|action=edit}} edit] [[:Template talk:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|discuss]] [{{fullurl:Special:Whatlinkshere/Template:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|limit=500}} links] [{{fullurl:Template:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|action=history}} history]<tt>)</tt><noinclude> ---- This [[Wikipedia:Template|Template]] is a [[Wikipedia:Avoid self-references|self-reference]] and so is part of the Wikipedia project rather than the encyclopaedic content. [[Category:Internal link templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]</noinclude> Template:IPAudio 1879 5310 2006-04-30T07:54:57Z Sasakthi 84 [[:Media:{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}]]([[Wikipedia:Media help|?]]) ලංකා ලිනක්ස් භාවිත කණ්ඩායම 1880 5313 2006-04-30T08:31:09Z Lee 85 '''ලංකා ලිනක්ස් භාවිත කණ්ඩායම''', also known as LK-LUG, is the premier organization in Sri Lanka for promoting [[FLOSS|Free and Open Source Software (FOSS)]]. 1998 දී සාමජිකයින් 40 දෙනෙකුගෙන් ආරම්භ කරන ලද මෙයට අද ලොව වටා සිටින GNU/ලිනක්ස් ලෝලීන් දහස් ගණනක් එක්වී ඇත. Members of the LK-LUG community are diverse: some use GNU/Linux at home for [[multimedia]], [[Computer games|gaming]] and [[Internet]], while some others use it at work to run large scale, mission critical applications. Activities of the Group include helping each other over the [[Mailing_list|mailing lists]], educating the general public by participating at exhibitions, workshops and media, and pushing the use of FOSS in national ICT programmes. LK-LUG also is working on [[L10n|localizing]] GNU/Linux desktop to Sinhala language. The Group has made good progress in converting some major components. A Live-CD based [[Linux_distribution|distribution]] is available. ==External links== *[http://www.linux.lk/ LK-LUG Home Page] *[http://mail.lug.lk/lurker/ LK-LUG Mailing List Archive] *[http://sinhala.linux.lk/ Sinhala GNU/Linux] *[http://taprobane.org/ Taprobane GNU/Linux] [[Category:Linux User Groups]] 5314 2006-04-30T08:34:02Z Lee 85 '''ලංකා ලිනක්ස් භාවිත කණ්ඩායම''', also known as LK-LUG, is the premier organization in Sri Lanka for promoting [[FLOSS|Free and Open Source Software (FOSS)]]. 1998 දී සාමජිකයින් 40 දෙනෙකුගෙන් ආරම්භ කරන ලද මෙයට අද ලොව වටා සිටින GNU/ලිනක්ස් ලෝලීන් දහස් ගණනක් එක්වී ඇත. Members of the LK-LUG community are diverse: some use GNU/Linux at home for [[multimedia]], [[Computer games|gaming]] and [[Internet]], while some others use it at work to run large scale, mission critical applications. Activities of the Group include helping each other over the [[Mailing_list|mailing lists]], educating the general public by participating at exhibitions, workshops and media, and pushing the use of FOSS in national ICT programmes. LK-LUG also is working on [[L10n|localizing]] GNU/Linux desktop to Sinhala language. The Group has made good progress in converting some major components. A Live-CD based [[Linux_distribution|distribution]] is available. ==External links== *[http://www.linux.lk/ LK-LUG Home Page] *[http://mail.lug.lk/lurker/ LK-LUG Mailing List Archive] *[http://sinhala.linux.lk/ Sinhala GNU/Linux] *[http://taprobane.org/ Taprobane GNU/Linux] [[Category:Linux User Groups]] [[en:Lanka Linux User Group]] Image:Kurunegala.jpg 1881 5316 2006-05-02T11:59:33Z Lee 85 සත්‍යයේ ජේසු සමිදාණන්ගේ සභාව 1882 5321 2006-05-04T02:36:18Z 132.181.7.1 Translation request. Please. The True Jesus Church is an independent church that was established in Beijing, China in 1917. Today, there are approximately 1.5 million members in forty five countries. The church belongs to the Pentecostal Protestant branch of Christianity that emerged during the early 20th Century. Since 1932, this church was established in India. Christmas and Easter are not celebrated by the church. The ten basic doctrines of the church are: #'''Holy Spirit''' - The church believes that "speaking in tongues" is evidence of receiving the Holy Spirit. #'''Baptism''' - This is conducted in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ with the person's head facing downwards and fully immersed into natural living water. #'''Holy Communion''' #'''Sabbath day''' - Unlike most other denominations, the church keeps the Sabbath on Saturday instead of Sunday. #'''Feet washing''' #'''Jesus Christ''' #'''Holy Bible''' - consists of the Old and New Testaments, is inspired by God and is the standard for Christian living. #'''Salvation''' - is given by the grace of God through faith. #'''Church''' #'''Last Judgment''' [[en:True Jesus Church]] 5360 2006-05-08T13:28:11Z Lee 85 '''සත්‍යයේ ජේසු සමිදාණන්ගේ සභාව''' (The True Jesus Church) is an independent church that was established in Beijing, China in 1917. Today, there are approximately 1.5 million members in forty five countries. The church belongs to the Pentecostal Protestant branch of Christianity that emerged during the early 20th Century. Since 1932, this church was established in India. Christmas and Easter are not celebrated by the church. The ten basic doctrines of the church are: #'''ශුද්ධාත්මයාණන් වහන්සේ''' (Holy Spirit) - The church believes that "speaking in tongues" is evidence of receiving the Holy Spirit. #'''බෞතීස්ම කිරීම''' (Baptism) - This is conducted in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ with the person's head facing downwards and fully immersed into natural living water. #'''ශුද්ධ වූ සහභාගීත්වය''' (Holy Communion) #'''සබත් දිනය''' (Sabbath day) - Unlike most other denominations, the church keeps the Sabbath on Saturday instead of Sunday. #'''පාද දෝවනය''' (Feet washing) #'''ජේසුස් ක්‍රිස්තුස් වහන්සේ''' (Jesus Christ) #'''ශුද්ධ වූ බයිබලය''' (Holy Bible) - consists of the Old and New Testaments, is inspired by God and is the standard for Christian living. #'''ගලවා ගැනීම''' (Salvation) - is given by the grace of God through faith. #'''පල්ලිය''' (Church) #'''අවසන් විනිශ්චය''' (Last Judgment) [[en:True Jesus Church]] 5361 2006-05-08T13:29:33Z Lee 85 [[True Jesus Church]] moved to [[සත්‍යයේ ජේසු සමිදාණන්ගේ සභාව]] '''සත්‍යයේ ජේසු සමිදාණන්ගේ සභාව''' (The True Jesus Church) is an independent church that was established in Beijing, China in 1917. Today, there are approximately 1.5 million members in forty five countries. The church belongs to the Pentecostal Protestant branch of Christianity that emerged during the early 20th Century. Since 1932, this church was established in India. Christmas and Easter are not celebrated by the church. The ten basic doctrines of the church are: #'''ශුද්ධාත්මයාණන් වහන්සේ''' (Holy Spirit) - The church believes that "speaking in tongues" is evidence of receiving the Holy Spirit. #'''බෞතීස්ම කිරීම''' (Baptism) - This is conducted in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ with the person's head facing downwards and fully immersed into natural living water. #'''ශුද්ධ වූ සහභාගීත්වය''' (Holy Communion) #'''සබත් දිනය''' (Sabbath day) - Unlike most other denominations, the church keeps the Sabbath on Saturday instead of Sunday. #'''පාද දෝවනය''' (Feet washing) #'''ජේසුස් ක්‍රිස්තුස් වහන්සේ''' (Jesus Christ) #'''ශුද්ධ වූ බයිබලය''' (Holy Bible) - consists of the Old and New Testaments, is inspired by God and is the standard for Christian living. #'''ගලවා ගැනීම''' (Salvation) - is given by the grace of God through faith. #'''පල්ලිය''' (Church) #'''අවසන් විනිශ්චය''' (Last Judgment) [[en:True Jesus Church]] 5374 2006-05-11T08:03:00Z Jose77 94 update interwiki '''සත්‍යයේ ජේසු සමිදාණන්ගේ සභාව''' (The True Jesus Church) is an independent church that was established in Beijing, China in 1917. Today, there are approximately 1.5 million members in forty five countries. The church belongs to the Pentecostal Protestant branch of Christianity that emerged during the early 20th Century. Since 1932, this church was established in India. Christmas and Easter are not celebrated by the church. The ten basic doctrines of the church are: #'''ශුද්ධාත්මයාණන් වහන්සේ''' (Holy Spirit) - The church believes that "speaking in tongues" is evidence of receiving the Holy Spirit. #'''බෞතීස්ම කිරීම''' (Baptism) - This is conducted in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ with the person's head facing downwards and fully immersed into natural living water. #'''ශුද්ධ වූ සහභාගීත්වය''' (Holy Communion) #'''සබත් දිනය''' (Sabbath day) - Unlike most other denominations, the church keeps the Sabbath on Saturday instead of Sunday. #'''පාද දෝවනය''' (Feet washing) #'''ජේසුස් ක්‍රිස්තුස් වහන්සේ''' (Jesus Christ) #'''ශුද්ධ වූ බයිබලය''' (Holy Bible) - consists of the Old and New Testaments, is inspired by God and is the standard for Christian living. #'''ගලවා ගැනීම''' (Salvation) - is given by the grace of God through faith. #'''පල්ලිය''' (Church) #'''අවසන් විනිශ්චය''' (Last Judgment) [[en:True Jesus Church]] [[ang:Sōþ Iesus Cirice]] [[af:Ware Jesuskerk]] [[als:Wahre Kirche Jesu]] [[am:ዕውነተኛ ኢየሱስ ቤተ ክርስቲያን]] [[an:Berdadera Ilesia de Chesús]] [[ar:كنيسة حقيقية ليسوع]] [[ast:Verdadera Ilesia de Xesús]] [[be:Праведная Царква Іісуса]] [[bn:সত্য যীশু গীর্জা]] [[bg:Истинска църква на Исус]] [[br:Iliz Gwir Jezuz]] [[zh-min-nan:Chin Iâ-so· Kàu-hōe]] [[map-bms:Gereja Yesus Sejati]] [[bs:Prava Crkva Isusova]] [[zh-yue:真耶穌教會]] [[ca:Veritable Església de Jesús]] [[ceb:Matuod Simbahan ni Jesus]] [[chr:ᏗᎦᎳᏫᏍᏗ ᏥᏌᏯ]] [[cs:Pravá církev Ježíšova]] [[csb:Prôwdzëwô Cerkwiô Jezësa]] [[cy:Eglwys Iesu Gwir]] [[da:Den Sande Jesu Kirke]] [[pdc:True Jesus Church]] [[de:Wahre Kirche Jesu]] [[dv:ހަގީގީ މަސީހީ ކަނީސާ]] [[et:Tõeline Jeesuse Kirik]] [[el:Αληθινή Εκκλησία του Ιησού]] [[es:La Verdadera Iglesia de Jesús]] [[eo:Vera Eklezio de Jesuo]] [[eu:Jesus-en Egiazko Eliza]] [[fa:کلیسای حقیقی عیسی]] [[fiu-vro:Tõõlinõ Jeesusõ Kerik]] [[fo:Sannur Jesus Kirkja]] [[fr:Véritable Église de Jésus]] [[fur:Vere Glesie di Jesù]] [[fy:Wiere Jezustsjerke]] [[ga:Eaglais Fhíor Íosa]] [[gd:Eaglais Fhìor Ìosa]] [[gl:Verdadeira Igrexa de Xesús]] [[got:𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌰 𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌺𐌻𐌴𐍃𐌾𐍉 𐌹𐌴𐍃𐌰𐌿𐍃]] [[gv:Agglish Yeesey Firrinagh]] [[ko:참예수교회]] [[kn:ಟ್ರ್ಯೂ ಜೀಸಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್]] [[kg:Dibundu ya Yesu ya Kyeleka]] [[ku:Klîsa ya Îsa yê rastîn]] [[hy:Հիսուսի ճշմարիտ Եկեղեցի]] [[hi:ईसा मसीह सत्य गिरजाघर]] [[hr:Prava Crkva Isusova]] [[id:Gereja Yesus Sejati]] [[ia:Ver Ecclesia de Jesus]] [[ilo:Agpayso a Simbaan ni Jesus]] [[io:Vera Eklezio di Iesu]] [[is:Sanna Jesús kirkjan]] [[it:Vera Chiesa di Gesù]] [[he:הכנסייה האמיתית של ישו]] [[jv:Gréja Yesus Sajati]] [[ka:ქრისტეს ჭეშმარიტი ეკლესია]] [[ht:Legliz de Vre Jezi]] [[lb:True Jesus Church]] [[lmo:Vera gesa da Gesüü Criist]] [[sw:True Jesus Church]] [[kw:Eglos Wir Yesu]] [[la:Vera Ecclesia Iesus]] [[lad:Verdadera Eglesia de Jesus]] [[lo:ນິກາຍ ໂບດທູຈຶຊັດ]] [[li:Ware Zjezus Kèrk]] [[lt:Tikrojo Jėzaus bažnyčia]] [[hu:Igaz Jézus egyház]] [[mg:Tena Fiangonan'i Jesoa]] [[mk:Вистинска црква на Исус]] [[mi:Hāhi Tika o Ihu]] [[ml:സത്യ യേശു സഭ]] [[mo:Бисeрикa Aдeвэрaтулуй Исус]] [[mn:Ёстой Есїс Cїм]] [[mr:सत्य येशू प्रार्थनास्थळ]] [[ms:Gereja Yesus Benar]] [[mt:Knisja Vera ta' Ġesù]] [[my:စစ္‌မ္ဟန္‌ေသာေယရ္ဟုဘုရား၏အသင္‌းေတာ္‌]] [[nap:'A chiesa overa 'e Giesù]] [[ne:True Jesus Church]] [[nl:Ware Jezuskerk]] [[nds:Wahre Jesus Kark]] [[nds-nl:Waore Jezuskaark]] [[ja:真イエス教会]] [[no:Sanne Jesus Kirke]] [[nn:Den sanne jesuskyrkja]] [[nrm:Véthitabl'ye Églyise dé Jésû]] [[oc:Glèisa vertadièra de Jèsus]] [[os:Чырыстийы æцæг аргъуан]] [[pam:Tutung Pisamban nang Jesus]] [[pa:ਸੱਚ ਈਸਾ ਮਸੀ ਗਿਰਜਾ ਘਰ]] [[pl:Prawdziwy Kościół Jezusa]] [[ps:د مسيح حقيقي کليسا]] [[pt:Verdadeira Igreja de Jesus]] [[ro:Biserica Adevăratului Isus]] [[rmy:I Khangeri le Chache Jesuseski]] [[ru:Истинная церковь Иисуса]] [[scn:Vera Chiesa di Gesù]] [[sco:True Jesus Kirk]] [[sd:سچي يسو چرچ]] [[sh:Прaвa Црквa Исусoвa]] [[simple:True Jesus Church]] [[sk:Pravá cirkev Ježišova]] [[so:Mida Rumeed Kaniisada Ciise]] [[sq:Kisha e Vërtetë e Jezuzit]] [[yi:ישו'ס ריכטיגע קירכע]] [[sl:Prava Jezusova Cerkev]] [[bat-smg:Tėkruojė Jezaus bažninčė]] [[sr:Прaвa Црквa Исусoвa]] [[fi:Jeesuksen Todellinen Kirkko]] [[sv:The True Jesus Church]] [[tl:Totoong Simbahan ni Hesus]] [[ta:உண்மையான இயேசு தேவாலயம்]] [[te:నిజ ఏసుక్రీస్తు మండలి]] [[th:โบสถ์ทรูจีซัส]] [[tpi:Tru Jisas Lotu]] [[vi:Chân Giê-xu Giáo hội]] [[tr:Gerçek İsa Kilisesi]] [[uk:Вірна Церква Ісуса]] [[war:Tinuod Simbahan han Hesus]] [[zh:真耶稣教会]] 5522 2006-06-08T06:32:44Z Ravincaldera 100 '''සත්‍යයේ ජේසු සමිදාණන්ගේ සභාව''' (සත්‍ය ‌ජේසුස් වහන්‌සේ‌ගො සභාව) යනු 1917 වර්ෂ‌යේ චීන‌යේ ‌බෙජින් නුවර ආරම්භ වූ ‌සෛවරී සභාවකි. වර්තමාන‌යේ ‌ලොව රටවල් 45ක් පුරා විසිර ඇති එහි සමාජිකත්වය මිලියන 1.5ක් ‌වෙයි. ‌මෙම සභාව ‌‌විසිවන ශතවර්ෂ‌යේ දී කිතුනු ශාසන‌යෙහි මතු වූ [[ප්‍රො‌තෙසතන්ත]] [[පෙන්ත‌කොස්ත ‌හෙවත් ශුදාත්මධානී සභාවන්]] ඝන‌යේ ලා සැල‌කේ. ඉන්දියා‌‌වෙහි ‌1932වර්ෂ‌‌යේ දී ‌මෙකී සභාව ආරම්භ විණ. [(The True Jesus Church) is an independent church that was established in Beijing, China in 1917. Today, there are approximately 1.5 million members in forty five countries. The church belongs to the Pentecostal Protestant branch of Christianity that emerged during the early 20th Century. Since 1932, this church was established in India. Christmas and Easter are not celebrated by the church.] The ten basic doctrines of the church are: #'''ශුද්ධාත්මයාණන් වහන්සේ''' (Holy Spirit) - The church believes that "speaking in tongues" is evidence of receiving the Holy Spirit. #'''බෞතීස්ම කිරීම''' (Baptism) - This is conducted in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ with the person's head facing downwards and fully immersed into natural living water. #'''ශුද්ධ වූ සහභාගීත්වය''' (Holy Communion) #'''සබත් දිනය''' (Sabbath day) - Unlike most other denominations, the church keeps the Sabbath on Saturday instead of Sunday. #'''පාද දෝවනය''' (Feet washing) #'''ජේසුස් ක්‍රිස්තුස් වහන්සේ''' (Jesus Christ) #'''ශුද්ධ වූ බයිබලය''' (Holy Bible) - consists of the Old and New Testaments, is inspired by God and is the standard for Christian living. #'''ගලවා ගැනීම''' (Salvation) - is given by the grace of God through faith. #'''පල්ලිය''' (Church) #'''අවසන් විනිශ්චය''' (Last Judgment) [[en:True Jesus Church]] [[ang:Sōþ Iesus Cirice]] [[af:Ware Jesuskerk]] [[als:Wahre Kirche Jesu]] [[am:ዕውነተኛ ኢየሱስ ቤተ ክርስቲያን]] [[an:Berdadera Ilesia de Chesús]] [[ar:كنيسة حقيقية ليسوع]] [[ast:Verdadera Ilesia de Xesús]] [[be:Праведная Царква Іісуса]] [[bn:সত্য যীশু গীর্জা]] [[bg:Истинска църква на Исус]] [[br:Iliz Gwir Jezuz]] [[zh-min-nan:Chin Iâ-so· Kàu-hōe]] [[map-bms:Gereja Yesus Sejati]] [[bs:Prava Crkva Isusova]] [[zh-yue:真耶穌教會]] [[ca:Veritable Església de Jesús]] [[ceb:Matuod Simbahan ni Jesus]] [[chr:ᏗᎦᎳᏫᏍᏗ ᏥᏌᏯ]] [[cs:Pravá církev Ježíšova]] [[csb:Prôwdzëwô Cerkwiô Jezësa]] [[cy:Eglwys Iesu Gwir]] [[da:Den Sande Jesu Kirke]] [[pdc:True Jesus Church]] [[de:Wahre Kirche Jesu]] [[dv:ހަގީގީ މަސީހީ ކަނީސާ]] [[et:Tõeline Jeesuse Kirik]] [[el:Αληθινή Εκκλησία του Ιησού]] [[es:La Verdadera Iglesia de Jesús]] [[eo:Vera Eklezio de Jesuo]] [[eu:Jesus-en Egiazko Eliza]] [[fa:کلیسای حقیقی عیسی]] [[fiu-vro:Tõõlinõ Jeesusõ Kerik]] [[fo:Sannur Jesus Kirkja]] [[fr:Véritable Église de Jésus]] [[fur:Vere Glesie di Jesù]] [[fy:Wiere Jezustsjerke]] [[ga:Eaglais Fhíor Íosa]] [[gd:Eaglais Fhìor Ìosa]] [[gl:Verdadeira Igrexa de Xesús]] [[got:𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌰 𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌺𐌻𐌴𐍃𐌾𐍉 𐌹𐌴𐍃𐌰𐌿𐍃]] [[gv:Agglish Yeesey Firrinagh]] [[ko:참예수교회]] [[kn:ಟ್ರ್ಯೂ ಜೀಸಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್]] [[kg:Dibundu ya Yesu ya Kyeleka]] [[ku:Klîsa ya Îsa yê rastîn]] [[hy:Հիսուսի ճշմարիտ Եկեղեցի]] [[hi:ईसा मसीह सत्य गिरजाघर]] [[hr:Prava Crkva Isusova]] [[id:Gereja Yesus Sejati]] [[ia:Ver Ecclesia de Jesus]] [[ilo:Agpayso a Simbaan ni Jesus]] [[io:Vera Eklezio di Iesu]] [[is:Sanna Jesús kirkjan]] [[it:Vera Chiesa di Gesù]] [[he:הכנסייה האמיתית של ישו]] [[jv:Gréja Yesus Sajati]] [[ka:ქრისტეს ჭეშმარიტი ეკლესია]] [[ht:Legliz de Vre Jezi]] [[lb:True Jesus Church]] [[lmo:Vera gesa da Gesüü Criist]] [[sw:True Jesus Church]] [[kw:Eglos Wir Yesu]] [[la:Vera Ecclesia Iesus]] [[lad:Verdadera Eglesia de Jesus]] [[lo:ນິກາຍ ໂບດທູຈຶຊັດ]] [[li:Ware Zjezus Kèrk]] [[lt:Tikrojo Jėzaus bažnyčia]] [[hu:Igaz Jézus egyház]] [[mg:Tena Fiangonan'i Jesoa]] [[mk:Вистинска црква на Исус]] [[mi:Hāhi Tika o Ihu]] [[ml:സത്യ യേശു സഭ]] [[mo:Бисeрикa Aдeвэрaтулуй Исус]] [[mn:Ёстой Есїс Cїм]] [[mr:सत्य येशू प्रार्थनास्थळ]] [[ms:Gereja Yesus Benar]] [[mt:Knisja Vera ta' Ġesù]] [[my:စစ္‌မ္ဟန္‌ေသာေယရ္ဟုဘုရား၏အသင္‌းေတာ္‌]] [[nap:'A chiesa overa 'e Giesù]] [[ne:True Jesus Church]] [[nl:Ware Jezuskerk]] [[nds:Wahre Jesus Kark]] [[nds-nl:Waore Jezuskaark]] [[ja:真イエス教会]] [[no:Sanne Jesus Kirke]] [[nn:Den sanne jesuskyrkja]] [[nrm:Véthitabl'ye Églyise dé Jésû]] [[oc:Glèisa vertadièra de Jèsus]] [[os:Чырыстийы æцæг аргъуан]] [[pam:Tutung Pisamban nang Jesus]] [[pa:ਸੱਚ ਈਸਾ ਮਸੀ ਗਿਰਜਾ ਘਰ]] [[pl:Prawdziwy Kościół Jezusa]] [[ps:د مسيح حقيقي کليسا]] [[pt:Verdadeira Igreja de Jesus]] [[ro:Biserica Adevăratului Isus]] [[rmy:I Khangeri le Chache Jesuseski]] [[ru:Истинная церковь Иисуса]] [[scn:Vera Chiesa di Gesù]] [[sco:True Jesus Kirk]] [[sd:سچي يسو چرچ]] [[sh:Прaвa Црквa Исусoвa]] [[simple:True Jesus Church]] [[sk:Pravá cirkev Ježišova]] [[so:Mida Rumeed Kaniisada Ciise]] [[sq:Kisha e Vërtetë e Jezuzit]] [[yi:ישו'ס ריכטיגע קירכע]] [[sl:Prava Jezusova Cerkev]] [[bat-smg:Tėkruojė Jezaus bažninčė]] [[sr:Прaвa Црквa Исусoвa]] [[fi:Jeesuksen Todellinen Kirkko]] [[sv:The True Jesus Church]] [[tl:Totoong Simbahan ni Hesus]] [[ta:உண்மையான இயேசு தேவாலயம்]] [[te:నిజ ఏసుక్రీస్తు మండలి]] [[th:โบสถ์ทรูจีซัส]] [[tpi:Tru Jisas Lotu]] [[vi:Chân Giê-xu Giáo hội]] [[tr:Gerçek İsa Kilisesi]] [[uk:Вірна Церква Ісуса]] [[war:Tinuod Simbahan han Hesus]] [[zh:真耶稣教会]] 5523 2006-06-08T06:55:52Z Ravincaldera 100 '''සත්‍යයේ ජේසු සමිදාණන්ගේ සභාව''' (සත්‍ය ‌ජේසුස් වහන්‌සේ‌ගො සභාව) යනු 1917 වර්ෂ‌යේ චීන‌යේ ‌බෙජින් නුවර ආරම්භ වූ ‌සෛවරී සභාවකි. වර්තමාන‌යේ ‌ලොව රටවල් 45ක් පුරා විසිර ඇති එහි සමාජිකත්වය මිලියන 1.5ක් ‌වෙයි. ‌මෙම සභාව ‌‌විසිවන ශතවර්ෂ‌යේ දී කිතුනු ශාසන‌යෙහි මතු වූ [[ප්‍රො‌තෙසතන්ත]] නිකායන්ට අයත් වූ [[පෙන්ත‌කොස්ත ‌හෙවත් ශුදාත්මධානී සභාවන්]] ඝන‌යේ ලා සැල‌කේ. ඉන්දියා‌‌වෙහි ‌1932වර්ෂ‌‌යේ දී ‌‌මේ සභාව ආරම්භ විණ. ‌නත්තල සහ පාස්කුව ‌මෙකී සභාවන්හි පවත්වනු ‌නොලැ‌බේ. සභාව විසින් පිළිගන්නා වූ මුලීක [[ධර්මනියාමක]] දසය නම්: #'''ශුද්ධාත්මයාණන් වහන්සේ''' - ශුද්ධාත්ම දාන‌යේ දී "අන්‍යභා‌ෂා කතනය" සළකුණක් වශ‌යෙන් සභාව පිළිගනු ලැ‌බේ. (The church believes that speaking in tongues is evidence of receiving the Holy Spirit.) #'''බෞතීස්ම කිරීම''' - ‌බෞතීස්ම ලබන්නා‌ගේ හිස පහතට හරවා සම්පුර්ණ‌යෙන් ම ස්වභාවික ජිවන ජල‌යෙහි, ‌ජේසුස් වහන්‌සේ‌ගේ නාම‌යෙන් සම්පුර්ණ‌යෙන් ගිල්වී‌ම මගින් කරනු ලැබේ. (This is conducted in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ with the person's head facing downwards and fully immersed into natural living water.) #'''ශුද්ධ වූ සහභාගීත්වය''' #'''සබත් දිනය'''- ‌වෙනත් නිකායන් ‌මෙන් ‌සබත පැවැත්වීම ඉරු දින නොව,‌සෙනසුරාදා දින පවත්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ( Unlike most other denominations, the church keeps the Sabbath on Saturday instead of Sunday.) #'''පාද දෝවනය''' #'''ජේසුස් ක්‍රිස්තුස් වහන්සේ''' #'''ශුද්ධ වූ බයිබලය''' - ‌දේවානුභාව‌යෙන් දුන් පුරාණ සහ නව ගිවිසුම අන්තර්ත වූ ශුද්ධ ලියවිල්ල වන අතර, එය කිතුනු ජීවිතය සඳහා සම්මතය ‌වේ. (consists of the Old and New Testaments, is inspired by God and is the standard for Christian living.) #'''ගැළවීම/මිදීම''' - ‌දේව අනුග්‍රහය තුළින්, ඇදහිල්ල කරණ‌කොට‌ගෙන ගැළවීම ලැ‌බේ. #'''පල්ලිය''' (Church) #'''අවසන් විනිශ්චය''' (Last Judgment) [[en:True Jesus Church]] [[ang:Sōþ Iesus Cirice]] [[af:Ware Jesuskerk]] [[als:Wahre Kirche Jesu]] [[am:ዕውነተኛ ኢየሱስ ቤተ ክርስቲያን]] [[an:Berdadera Ilesia de Chesús]] [[ar:كنيسة حقيقية ليسوع]] [[ast:Verdadera Ilesia de Xesús]] [[be:Праведная Царква Іісуса]] [[bn:সত্য যীশু গীর্জা]] [[bg:Истинска църква на Исус]] [[br:Iliz Gwir Jezuz]] [[zh-min-nan:Chin Iâ-so· Kàu-hōe]] [[map-bms:Gereja Yesus Sejati]] [[bs:Prava Crkva Isusova]] [[zh-yue:真耶穌教會]] [[ca:Veritable Església de Jesús]] [[ceb:Matuod Simbahan ni Jesus]] [[chr:ᏗᎦᎳᏫᏍᏗ ᏥᏌᏯ]] [[cs:Pravá církev Ježíšova]] [[csb:Prôwdzëwô Cerkwiô Jezësa]] [[cy:Eglwys Iesu Gwir]] [[da:Den Sande Jesu Kirke]] [[pdc:True Jesus Church]] [[de:Wahre Kirche Jesu]] [[dv:ހަގީގީ މަސީހީ ކަނީސާ]] [[et:Tõeline Jeesuse Kirik]] [[el:Αληθινή Εκκλησία του Ιησού]] [[es:La Verdadera Iglesia de Jesús]] [[eo:Vera Eklezio de Jesuo]] [[eu:Jesus-en Egiazko Eliza]] [[fa:کلیسای حقیقی عیسی]] [[fiu-vro:Tõõlinõ Jeesusõ Kerik]] [[fo:Sannur Jesus Kirkja]] [[fr:Véritable Église de Jésus]] [[fur:Vere Glesie di Jesù]] [[fy:Wiere Jezustsjerke]] [[ga:Eaglais Fhíor Íosa]] [[gd:Eaglais Fhìor Ìosa]] [[gl:Verdadeira Igrexa de Xesús]] [[got:𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌰 𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌺𐌻𐌴𐍃𐌾𐍉 𐌹𐌴𐍃𐌰𐌿𐍃]] [[gv:Agglish Yeesey Firrinagh]] [[ko:참예수교회]] [[kn:ಟ್ರ್ಯೂ ಜೀಸಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್]] [[kg:Dibundu ya Yesu ya Kyeleka]] [[ku:Klîsa ya Îsa yê rastîn]] [[hy:Հիսուսի ճշմարիտ Եկեղեցի]] [[hi:ईसा मसीह सत्य गिरजाघर]] [[hr:Prava Crkva Isusova]] [[id:Gereja Yesus Sejati]] [[ia:Ver Ecclesia de Jesus]] [[ilo:Agpayso a Simbaan ni Jesus]] [[io:Vera Eklezio di Iesu]] [[is:Sanna Jesús kirkjan]] [[it:Vera Chiesa di Gesù]] [[he:הכנסייה האמיתית של ישו]] [[jv:Gréja Yesus Sajati]] [[ka:ქრისტეს ჭეშმარიტი ეკლესია]] [[ht:Legliz de Vre Jezi]] [[lb:True Jesus Church]] [[lmo:Vera gesa da Gesüü Criist]] [[sw:True Jesus Church]] [[kw:Eglos Wir Yesu]] [[la:Vera Ecclesia Iesus]] [[lad:Verdadera Eglesia de Jesus]] [[lo:ນິກາຍ ໂບດທູຈຶຊັດ]] [[li:Ware Zjezus Kèrk]] [[lt:Tikrojo Jėzaus bažnyčia]] [[hu:Igaz Jézus egyház]] [[mg:Tena Fiangonan'i Jesoa]] [[mk:Вистинска црква на Исус]] [[mi:Hāhi Tika o Ihu]] [[ml:സത്യ യേശു സഭ]] [[mo:Бисeрикa Aдeвэрaтулуй Исус]] [[mn:Ёстой Есїс Cїм]] [[mr:सत्य येशू प्रार्थनास्थळ]] [[ms:Gereja Yesus Benar]] [[mt:Knisja Vera ta' Ġesù]] [[my:စစ္‌မ္ဟန္‌ေသာေယရ္ဟုဘုရား၏အသင္‌းေတာ္‌]] [[nap:'A chiesa overa 'e Giesù]] [[ne:True Jesus Church]] [[nl:Ware Jezuskerk]] [[nds:Wahre Jesus Kark]] [[nds-nl:Waore Jezuskaark]] [[ja:真イエス教会]] [[no:Sanne Jesus Kirke]] [[nn:Den sanne jesuskyrkja]] [[nrm:Véthitabl'ye Églyise dé Jésû]] [[oc:Glèisa vertadièra de Jèsus]] [[os:Чырыстийы æцæг аргъуан]] [[pam:Tutung Pisamban nang Jesus]] [[pa:ਸੱਚ ਈਸਾ ਮਸੀ ਗਿਰਜਾ ਘਰ]] [[pl:Prawdziwy Kościół Jezusa]] [[ps:د مسيح حقيقي کليسا]] [[pt:Verdadeira Igreja de Jesus]] [[ro:Biserica Adevăratului Isus]] [[rmy:I Khangeri le Chache Jesuseski]] [[ru:Истинная церковь Иисуса]] [[scn:Vera Chiesa di Gesù]] [[sco:True Jesus Kirk]] [[sd:سچي يسو چرچ]] [[sh:Прaвa Црквa Исусoвa]] [[simple:True Jesus Church]] [[sk:Pravá cirkev Ježišova]] [[so:Mida Rumeed Kaniisada Ciise]] [[sq:Kisha e Vërtetë e Jezuzit]] [[yi:ישו'ס ריכטיגע קירכע]] [[sl:Prava Jezusova Cerkev]] [[bat-smg:Tėkruojė Jezaus bažninčė]] [[sr:Прaвa Црквa Исусoвa]] [[fi:Jeesuksen Todellinen Kirkko]] [[sv:The True Jesus Church]] [[tl:Totoong Simbahan ni Hesus]] [[ta:உண்மையான இயேசு தேவாலயம்]] [[te:నిజ ఏసుక్రీస్తు మండలి]] [[th:โบสถ์ทรูจีซัส]] [[tpi:Tru Jisas Lotu]] [[vi:Chân Giê-xu Giáo hội]] [[tr:Gerçek İsa Kilisesi]] [[uk:Вірна Церква Ісуса]] [[war:Tinuod Simbahan han Hesus]] [[zh:真耶稣教会]] 5524 2006-06-08T06:58:29Z Ravincaldera 100 '''සත්‍යයේ ජේසු සමිදාණන්ගේ සභාව''' (සත්‍ය ‌ජේසුස් වහන්‌සේ‌ගො සභාව) යනු 1917 වර්ෂ‌යේ චීන‌යේ ‌බෙජින් නුවර ආරම්භ වූ ‌සෛවරී සභාවකි. වර්තමාන‌යේ ‌ලොව රටවල් 45ක් පුරා විසිර ඇති එහි සමාජිකත්වය මිලියන 1.5ක් ‌වෙයි. ‌මෙම සභාව ‌‌විසිවන ශතවර්ෂ‌යේ දී කිතුනු ශාසන‌යෙහි මතු වූ [[ප්‍රො‌තෙසතන්ත]] නිකායන්ට අයත් වූ [[පෙන්ත‌කොස්ත ‌හෙවත් ශුදාත්මදානී සභාවන්]] ඝන‌යේ ලා සැල‌කේ. ඉන්දියා‌‌වෙහි ‌1932වර්ෂ‌‌යේ දී ‌‌මේ සභාව ආරම්භ විණ. ‌නත්තල සහ පාස්කුව ‌මෙකී සභාවන්හි පවත්වනු ‌නොලැ‌බේ. සභාව විසින් පිළිගන්නා වූ මුලීක [[ධර්මනියාමක]] දසය නම්: #'''ශුද්ධාත්මයාණන් වහන්සේ''' - ශුද්ධාත්ම දාන‌යේ දී "[[අන්‍යභා‌ෂා කතනය]]" සළකුණක් වශ‌යෙන් සභාව පිළිගනු ලැ‌බේ. (The church believes that speaking in tongues is evidence of receiving the Holy Spirit.) #'''බෞතීස්ම කිරීම''' - ‌බෞතීස්ම ලබන්නා‌ගේ හිස පහතට හරවා සම්පුර්ණ‌යෙන් ම ස්වභාවික ජිවන ජල‌යෙහි, ‌ජේසුස් වහන්‌සේ‌ගේ නාම‌යෙන් සම්පුර්ණ‌යෙන් ගිල්වී‌ම මගින් කරනු ලැබේ. (This is conducted in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ with the person's head facing downwards and fully immersed into natural living water.) #'''ශුද්ධ වූ සහභාගීත්වය''' #'''සබත් දිනය'''- ‌වෙනත් නිකායන් ‌මෙන් ‌සබත පැවැත්වීම ඉරු දින නොව,‌සෙනසුරාදා දින පවත්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ( Unlike most other denominations, the church keeps the Sabbath on Saturday instead of Sunday.) #'''පාද දෝවනය''' #'''ජේසුස් ක්‍රිස්තුස් වහන්සේ''' #'''ශුද්ධ වූ බයිබලය''' - ‌දේවානුභාව‌යෙන් දුන් පුරාණ සහ නව ගිවිසුම අන්තර්ත වූ ශුද්ධ ලියවිල්ල වන අතර, එය කිතුනු ජීවිතය සඳහා සම්මතය ‌වේ. (consists of the Old and New Testaments, is inspired by God and is the standard for Christian living.) #'''ගැළවීම/මිදීම''' - ‌දේව අනුග්‍රහය තුළින්, ඇදහිල්ල කරණ‌කොට‌ගෙන ගැළවීම ලැ‌බේ. #'''පල්ලිය''' (Church) #'''අවසන් විනිශ්චය''' (Last Judgment) [[en:True Jesus Church]] [[ang:Sōþ Iesus Cirice]] [[af:Ware Jesuskerk]] [[als:Wahre Kirche Jesu]] [[am:ዕውነተኛ ኢየሱስ ቤተ ክርስቲያን]] [[an:Berdadera Ilesia de Chesús]] [[ar:كنيسة حقيقية ليسوع]] [[ast:Verdadera Ilesia de Xesús]] [[be:Праведная Царква Іісуса]] [[bn:সত্য যীশু গীর্জা]] [[bg:Истинска църква на Исус]] [[br:Iliz Gwir Jezuz]] [[zh-min-nan:Chin Iâ-so· Kàu-hōe]] [[map-bms:Gereja Yesus Sejati]] [[bs:Prava Crkva Isusova]] [[zh-yue:真耶穌教會]] [[ca:Veritable Església de Jesús]] [[ceb:Matuod Simbahan ni Jesus]] [[chr:ᏗᎦᎳᏫᏍᏗ ᏥᏌᏯ]] [[cs:Pravá církev Ježíšova]] [[csb:Prôwdzëwô Cerkwiô Jezësa]] [[cy:Eglwys Iesu Gwir]] [[da:Den Sande Jesu Kirke]] [[pdc:True Jesus Church]] [[de:Wahre Kirche Jesu]] [[dv:ހަގީގީ މަސީހީ ކަނީސާ]] [[et:Tõeline Jeesuse Kirik]] [[el:Αληθινή Εκκλησία του Ιησού]] [[es:La Verdadera Iglesia de Jesús]] [[eo:Vera Eklezio de Jesuo]] [[eu:Jesus-en Egiazko Eliza]] [[fa:کلیسای حقیقی عیسی]] [[fiu-vro:Tõõlinõ Jeesusõ Kerik]] [[fo:Sannur Jesus Kirkja]] [[fr:Véritable Église de Jésus]] [[fur:Vere Glesie di Jesù]] [[fy:Wiere Jezustsjerke]] [[ga:Eaglais Fhíor Íosa]] [[gd:Eaglais Fhìor Ìosa]] [[gl:Verdadeira Igrexa de Xesús]] [[got:𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌰 𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌺𐌻𐌴𐍃𐌾𐍉 𐌹𐌴𐍃𐌰𐌿𐍃]] [[gv:Agglish Yeesey Firrinagh]] [[ko:참예수교회]] [[kn:ಟ್ರ್ಯೂ ಜೀಸಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್]] [[kg:Dibundu ya Yesu ya Kyeleka]] [[ku:Klîsa ya Îsa yê rastîn]] [[hy:Հիսուսի ճշմարիտ Եկեղեցի]] [[hi:ईसा मसीह सत्य गिरजाघर]] [[hr:Prava Crkva Isusova]] [[id:Gereja Yesus Sejati]] [[ia:Ver Ecclesia de Jesus]] [[ilo:Agpayso a Simbaan ni Jesus]] [[io:Vera Eklezio di Iesu]] [[is:Sanna Jesús kirkjan]] [[it:Vera Chiesa di Gesù]] [[he:הכנסייה האמיתית של ישו]] [[jv:Gréja Yesus Sajati]] [[ka:ქრისტეს ჭეშმარიტი ეკლესია]] [[ht:Legliz de Vre Jezi]] [[lb:True Jesus Church]] [[lmo:Vera gesa da Gesüü Criist]] [[sw:True Jesus Church]] [[kw:Eglos Wir Yesu]] [[la:Vera Ecclesia Iesus]] [[lad:Verdadera Eglesia de Jesus]] [[lo:ນິກາຍ ໂບດທູຈຶຊັດ]] [[li:Ware Zjezus Kèrk]] [[lt:Tikrojo Jėzaus bažnyčia]] [[hu:Igaz Jézus egyház]] [[mg:Tena Fiangonan'i Jesoa]] [[mk:Вистинска црква на Исус]] [[mi:Hāhi Tika o Ihu]] [[ml:സത്യ യേശു സഭ]] [[mo:Бисeрикa Aдeвэрaтулуй Исус]] [[mn:Ёстой Есїс Cїм]] [[mr:सत्य येशू प्रार्थनास्थळ]] [[ms:Gereja Yesus Benar]] [[mt:Knisja Vera ta' Ġesù]] [[my:စစ္‌မ္ဟန္‌ေသာေယရ္ဟုဘုရား၏အသင္‌းေတာ္‌]] [[nap:'A chiesa overa 'e Giesù]] [[ne:True Jesus Church]] [[nl:Ware Jezuskerk]] [[nds:Wahre Jesus Kark]] [[nds-nl:Waore Jezuskaark]] [[ja:真イエス教会]] [[no:Sanne Jesus Kirke]] [[nn:Den sanne jesuskyrkja]] [[nrm:Véthitabl'ye Églyise dé Jésû]] [[oc:Glèisa vertadièra de Jèsus]] [[os:Чырыстийы æцæг аргъуан]] [[pam:Tutung Pisamban nang Jesus]] [[pa:ਸੱਚ ਈਸਾ ਮਸੀ ਗਿਰਜਾ ਘਰ]] [[pl:Prawdziwy Kościół Jezusa]] [[ps:د مسيح حقيقي کليسا]] [[pt:Verdadeira Igreja de Jesus]] [[ro:Biserica Adevăratului Isus]] [[rmy:I Khangeri le Chache Jesuseski]] [[ru:Истинная церковь Иисуса]] [[scn:Vera Chiesa di Gesù]] [[sco:True Jesus Kirk]] [[sd:سچي يسو چرچ]] [[sh:Прaвa Црквa Исусoвa]] [[simple:True Jesus Church]] [[sk:Pravá cirkev Ježišova]] [[so:Mida Rumeed Kaniisada Ciise]] [[sq:Kisha e Vërtetë e Jezuzit]] [[yi:ישו'ס ריכטיגע קירכע]] [[sl:Prava Jezusova Cerkev]] [[bat-smg:Tėkruojė Jezaus bažninčė]] [[sr:Прaвa Црквa Исусoвa]] [[fi:Jeesuksen Todellinen Kirkko]] [[sv:The True Jesus Church]] [[tl:Totoong Simbahan ni Hesus]] [[ta:உண்மையான இயேசு தேவாலயம்]] [[te:నిజ ఏసుక్రీస్తు మండలి]] [[th:โบสถ์ทรูจีซัส]] [[tpi:Tru Jisas Lotu]] [[vi:Chân Giê-xu Giáo hội]] [[tr:Gerçek İsa Kilisesi]] [[uk:Вірна Церква Ісуса]] [[war:Tinuod Simbahan han Hesus]] [[zh:真耶稣教会]] 5525 2006-06-08T06:59:34Z Ravincaldera 100 '''සත්‍යයේ ජේසු සමිදාණන්ගේ සභාව''' යනු 1917 වර්ෂ‌යේ චීන‌යේ ‌බෙජින් නුවර ආරම්භ වූ ‌සෛවරී සභාවකි. වර්තමාන‌යේ ‌ලොව රටවල් 45ක් පුරා විසිර ඇති එහි සමාජිකත්වය මිලියන 1.5ක් ‌වෙයි. ‌මෙම සභාව ‌‌විසිවන ශතවර්ෂ‌යේ දී කිතුනු ශාසන‌යෙහි මතු වූ [[ප්‍රො‌තෙසතන්ත]] නිකායන්ට අයත් වූ [[පෙන්ත‌කොස්ත ‌හෙවත් ශුදාත්මදානී සභාවන්]] ඝන‌යේ ලා සැල‌කේ. ඉන්දියා‌‌වෙහි ‌1932වර්ෂ‌‌යේ දී ‌‌මේ සභාව ආරම්භ විණ. ‌නත්තල සහ පාස්කුව ‌මෙකී සභාවන්හි පවත්වනු ‌නොලැ‌බේ. සභාව විසින් පිළිගන්නා වූ මුලීක [[ධර්මනියාමක]] දසය නම්: #'''ශුද්ධාත්මයාණන් වහන්සේ''' - ශුද්ධාත්ම දාන‌යේ දී "[[අන්‍යභා‌ෂා කතනය]]" සළකුණක් වශ‌යෙන් සභාව පිළිගනු ලැ‌බේ. (The church believes that speaking in tongues is evidence of receiving the Holy Spirit.) #'''බෞතීස්ම කිරීම''' - ‌බෞතීස්ම ලබන්නා‌ගේ හිස පහතට හරවා සම්පුර්ණ‌යෙන් ම ස්වභාවික ජිවන ජල‌යෙහි, ‌ජේසුස් වහන්‌සේ‌ගේ නාම‌යෙන් සම්පුර්ණ‌යෙන් ගිල්වී‌ම මගින් කරනු ලැබේ. (This is conducted in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ with the person's head facing downwards and fully immersed into natural living water.) #'''ශුද්ධ වූ සහභාගීත්වය''' #'''සබත් දිනය'''- ‌වෙනත් නිකායන් ‌මෙන් ‌සබත පැවැත්වීම ඉරු දින නොව,‌සෙනසුරාදා දින පවත්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ( Unlike most other denominations, the church keeps the Sabbath on Saturday instead of Sunday.) #'''පාද දෝවනය''' #'''ජේසුස් ක්‍රිස්තුස් වහන්සේ''' #'''ශුද්ධ වූ බයිබලය''' - ‌දේවානුභාව‌යෙන් දුන් පුරාණ සහ නව ගිවිසුම අන්තර්ත වූ ශුද්ධ ලියවිල්ල වන අතර, එය කිතුනු ජීවිතය සඳහා සම්මතය ‌වේ. (consists of the Old and New Testaments, is inspired by God and is the standard for Christian living.) #'''ගැළවීම/මිදීම''' - ‌දේව අනුග්‍රහය තුළින්, ඇදහිල්ල කරණ‌කොට‌ගෙන ගැළවීම ලැ‌බේ. #'''පල්ලිය''' (Church) #'''අවසන් විනිශ්චය''' (Last Judgment) [[en:True Jesus Church]] [[ang:Sōþ Iesus Cirice]] [[af:Ware Jesuskerk]] [[als:Wahre Kirche Jesu]] [[am:ዕውነተኛ ኢየሱስ ቤተ ክርስቲያን]] [[an:Berdadera Ilesia de Chesús]] [[ar:كنيسة حقيقية ليسوع]] [[ast:Verdadera Ilesia de Xesús]] [[be:Праведная Царква Іісуса]] [[bn:সত্য যীশু গীর্জা]] [[bg:Истинска църква на Исус]] [[br:Iliz Gwir Jezuz]] [[zh-min-nan:Chin Iâ-so· Kàu-hōe]] [[map-bms:Gereja Yesus Sejati]] [[bs:Prava Crkva Isusova]] [[zh-yue:真耶穌教會]] [[ca:Veritable Església de Jesús]] [[ceb:Matuod Simbahan ni Jesus]] [[chr:ᏗᎦᎳᏫᏍᏗ ᏥᏌᏯ]] [[cs:Pravá církev Ježíšova]] [[csb:Prôwdzëwô Cerkwiô Jezësa]] [[cy:Eglwys Iesu Gwir]] [[da:Den Sande Jesu Kirke]] [[pdc:True Jesus Church]] [[de:Wahre Kirche Jesu]] [[dv:ހަގީގީ މަސީހީ ކަނީސާ]] [[et:Tõeline Jeesuse Kirik]] [[el:Αληθινή Εκκλησία του Ιησού]] [[es:La Verdadera Iglesia de Jesús]] [[eo:Vera Eklezio de Jesuo]] [[eu:Jesus-en Egiazko Eliza]] [[fa:کلیسای حقیقی عیسی]] [[fiu-vro:Tõõlinõ Jeesusõ Kerik]] [[fo:Sannur Jesus Kirkja]] [[fr:Véritable Église de Jésus]] [[fur:Vere Glesie di Jesù]] [[fy:Wiere Jezustsjerke]] [[ga:Eaglais Fhíor Íosa]] [[gd:Eaglais Fhìor Ìosa]] [[gl:Verdadeira Igrexa de Xesús]] [[got:𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌰 𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌺𐌻𐌴𐍃𐌾𐍉 𐌹𐌴𐍃𐌰𐌿𐍃]] [[gv:Agglish Yeesey Firrinagh]] [[ko:참예수교회]] [[kn:ಟ್ರ್ಯೂ ಜೀಸಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್]] [[kg:Dibundu ya Yesu ya Kyeleka]] [[ku:Klîsa ya Îsa yê rastîn]] [[hy:Հիսուսի ճշմարիտ Եկեղեցի]] [[hi:ईसा मसीह सत्य गिरजाघर]] [[hr:Prava Crkva Isusova]] [[id:Gereja Yesus Sejati]] [[ia:Ver Ecclesia de Jesus]] [[ilo:Agpayso a Simbaan ni Jesus]] [[io:Vera Eklezio di Iesu]] [[is:Sanna Jesús kirkjan]] [[it:Vera Chiesa di Gesù]] [[he:הכנסייה האמיתית של ישו]] [[jv:Gréja Yesus Sajati]] [[ka:ქრისტეს ჭეშმარიტი ეკლესია]] [[ht:Legliz de Vre Jezi]] [[lb:True Jesus Church]] [[lmo:Vera gesa da Gesüü Criist]] [[sw:True Jesus Church]] [[kw:Eglos Wir Yesu]] [[la:Vera Ecclesia Iesus]] [[lad:Verdadera Eglesia de Jesus]] [[lo:ນິກາຍ ໂບດທູຈຶຊັດ]] [[li:Ware Zjezus Kèrk]] [[lt:Tikrojo Jėzaus bažnyčia]] [[hu:Igaz Jézus egyház]] [[mg:Tena Fiangonan'i Jesoa]] [[mk:Вистинска црква на Исус]] [[mi:Hāhi Tika o Ihu]] [[ml:സത്യ യേശു സഭ]] [[mo:Бисeрикa Aдeвэрaтулуй Исус]] [[mn:Ёстой Есїс Cїм]] [[mr:सत्य येशू प्रार्थनास्थळ]] [[ms:Gereja Yesus Benar]] [[mt:Knisja Vera ta' Ġesù]] [[my:စစ္‌မ္ဟန္‌ေသာေယရ္ဟုဘုရား၏အသင္‌းေတာ္‌]] [[nap:'A chiesa overa 'e Giesù]] [[ne:True Jesus Church]] [[nl:Ware Jezuskerk]] [[nds:Wahre Jesus Kark]] [[nds-nl:Waore Jezuskaark]] [[ja:真イエス教会]] [[no:Sanne Jesus Kirke]] [[nn:Den sanne jesuskyrkja]] [[nrm:Véthitabl'ye Églyise dé Jésû]] [[oc:Glèisa vertadièra de Jèsus]] [[os:Чырыстийы æцæг аргъуан]] [[pam:Tutung Pisamban nang Jesus]] [[pa:ਸੱਚ ਈਸਾ ਮਸੀ ਗਿਰਜਾ ਘਰ]] [[pl:Prawdziwy Kościół Jezusa]] [[ps:د مسيح حقيقي کليسا]] [[pt:Verdadeira Igreja de Jesus]] [[ro:Biserica Adevăratului Isus]] [[rmy:I Khangeri le Chache Jesuseski]] [[ru:Истинная церковь Иисуса]] [[scn:Vera Chiesa di Gesù]] [[sco:True Jesus Kirk]] [[sd:سچي يسو چرچ]] [[sh:Прaвa Црквa Исусoвa]] [[simple:True Jesus Church]] [[sk:Pravá cirkev Ježišova]] [[so:Mida Rumeed Kaniisada Ciise]] [[sq:Kisha e Vërtetë e Jezuzit]] [[yi:ישו'ס ריכטיגע קירכע]] [[sl:Prava Jezusova Cerkev]] [[bat-smg:Tėkruojė Jezaus bažninčė]] [[sr:Прaвa Црквa Исусoвa]] [[fi:Jeesuksen Todellinen Kirkko]] [[sv:The True Jesus Church]] [[tl:Totoong Simbahan ni Hesus]] [[ta:உண்மையான இயேசு தேவாலயம்]] [[te:నిజ ఏసుక్రీస్తు మండలి]] [[th:โบสถ์ทรูจีซัส]] [[tpi:Tru Jisas Lotu]] [[vi:Chân Giê-xu Giáo hội]] [[tr:Gerçek İsa Kilisesi]] [[uk:Вірна Церква Ісуса]] [[war:Tinuod Simbahan han Hesus]] [[zh:真耶稣教会]] 5526 2006-06-08T07:02:01Z Ravincaldera 100 '''සත්‍යයේ ජේසු සමිදාණන්ගේ සභාව''' යනු 1917 වර්ෂ‌යේ චීන‌යේ ‌බෙජින් නුවර ආරම්භ වූ ‌සෛවරී සභාවකි. වර්තමාන‌යේ ‌ලොව රටවල් 45ක් පුරා විසිර ඇති එහි සමාජිකත්වය මිලියන 1.5ක් ‌වෙයි. ‌මෙම සභාව ‌‌විසිවන ශතවර්ෂ‌යේ දී කිතුනු ශාසන‌යෙහි මතු වූ [[ප්‍රො‌තෙසතන්ත]] නිකායන්ට අයත් වූ [[පෙන්ත‌කොස්ත ‌හෙවත් ශුදාත්මදානී සභාවන්]] ඝන‌යේ ලා සැල‌කේ. ඉන්දියා‌‌වෙහි ‌1932වර්ෂ‌‌යේ දී ‌‌මේ සභාව ආරම්භ විණ. ‌නත්තල සහ පාස්කුව ‌මෙකී සභාවන්හි පවත්වනු ‌නොලැ‌බේ. සභාව විසින් පිළිගන්නා වූ මුලීක [[ධර්මනියාමක]] දසය නම්: #'''ශුද්ධාත්මයාණන් වහන්සේ''' - ශුද්ධාත්ම දාන‌යේ දී "[[අන්‍යභා‌ෂා කතනය]]" සළකුණක් වශ‌යෙන් සභාව පිළිගනු ලැ‌බේ. #'''බෞතීස්ම කිරීම''' - ‌බෞතීස්ම ලබන්නා‌ගේ හිස පහතට හරවා , ජේසුස් වහන්‌සේ‌ගේ නාම‌යෙන්, ස්වභාවික ජිවන ජල‌යෙහි සම්පුර්ණ‌යෙන් ගිල්වී‌ම මගින් කරනු ලැබේ. #'''ශුද්ධ වූ සහභාගීත්වය''' #'''සබත් දිනය'''- ‌වෙනත් නිකායන් ‌මෙන් ‌සබත පැවැත්වීම ඉරු දින නොව,‌සෙනසුරාදා දින පවත්වනු ලැ‌බේ. #'''පාද දෝවනය''' #'''ජේසුස් ක්‍රිස්තුස් වහන්සේ''' #'''ශුද්ධ වූ බයිබලය''' - ‌දේවානුභාව‌යෙන් දුන් පුරාණ සහ නව ගිවිසුම අන්තර්ත වූ ශුද්ධ ලියවිල්ල වන අතර, එය කිතුනු ජීවිතය සඳහා සම්මතය ‌වේ. #'''ගැළවීම/මිදීම''' - ‌දේව අනුග්‍රහය තුළින්, ඇදහිල්ල කරණ‌කොට‌ගෙන ගැළවීම ලැ‌බේ. #'''පල්ලිය''' (Church) #'''අවසන් විනිශ්චය''' (Last Judgment) [[en:True Jesus Church]] [[ang:Sōþ Iesus Cirice]] [[af:Ware Jesuskerk]] [[als:Wahre Kirche Jesu]] [[am:ዕውነተኛ ኢየሱስ ቤተ ክርስቲያን]] [[an:Berdadera Ilesia de Chesús]] [[ar:كنيسة حقيقية ليسوع]] [[ast:Verdadera Ilesia de Xesús]] [[be:Праведная Царква Іісуса]] [[bn:সত্য যীশু গীর্জা]] [[bg:Истинска църква на Исус]] [[br:Iliz Gwir Jezuz]] [[zh-min-nan:Chin Iâ-so· Kàu-hōe]] [[map-bms:Gereja Yesus Sejati]] [[bs:Prava Crkva Isusova]] [[zh-yue:真耶穌教會]] [[ca:Veritable Església de Jesús]] [[ceb:Matuod Simbahan ni Jesus]] [[chr:ᏗᎦᎳᏫᏍᏗ ᏥᏌᏯ]] [[cs:Pravá církev Ježíšova]] [[csb:Prôwdzëwô Cerkwiô Jezësa]] [[cy:Eglwys Iesu Gwir]] [[da:Den Sande Jesu Kirke]] [[pdc:True Jesus Church]] [[de:Wahre Kirche Jesu]] [[dv:ހަގީގީ މަސީހީ ކަނީސާ]] [[et:Tõeline Jeesuse Kirik]] [[el:Αληθινή Εκκλησία του Ιησού]] [[es:La Verdadera Iglesia de Jesús]] [[eo:Vera Eklezio de Jesuo]] [[eu:Jesus-en Egiazko Eliza]] [[fa:کلیسای حقیقی عیسی]] [[fiu-vro:Tõõlinõ Jeesusõ Kerik]] [[fo:Sannur Jesus Kirkja]] [[fr:Véritable Église de Jésus]] [[fur:Vere Glesie di Jesù]] [[fy:Wiere Jezustsjerke]] [[ga:Eaglais Fhíor Íosa]] [[gd:Eaglais Fhìor Ìosa]] [[gl:Verdadeira Igrexa de Xesús]] [[got:𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌰 𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌺𐌻𐌴𐍃𐌾𐍉 𐌹𐌴𐍃𐌰𐌿𐍃]] [[gv:Agglish Yeesey Firrinagh]] [[ko:참예수교회]] [[kn:ಟ್ರ್ಯೂ ಜೀಸಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್]] [[kg:Dibundu ya Yesu ya Kyeleka]] [[ku:Klîsa ya Îsa yê rastîn]] [[hy:Հիսուսի ճշմարիտ Եկեղեցի]] [[hi:ईसा मसीह सत्य गिरजाघर]] [[hr:Prava Crkva Isusova]] [[id:Gereja Yesus Sejati]] [[ia:Ver Ecclesia de Jesus]] [[ilo:Agpayso a Simbaan ni Jesus]] [[io:Vera Eklezio di Iesu]] [[is:Sanna Jesús kirkjan]] [[it:Vera Chiesa di Gesù]] [[he:הכנסייה האמיתית של ישו]] [[jv:Gréja Yesus Sajati]] [[ka:ქრისტეს ჭეშმარიტი ეკლესია]] [[ht:Legliz de Vre Jezi]] [[lb:True Jesus Church]] [[lmo:Vera gesa da Gesüü Criist]] [[sw:True Jesus Church]] [[kw:Eglos Wir Yesu]] [[la:Vera Ecclesia Iesus]] [[lad:Verdadera Eglesia de Jesus]] [[lo:ນິກາຍ ໂບດທູຈຶຊັດ]] [[li:Ware Zjezus Kèrk]] [[lt:Tikrojo Jėzaus bažnyčia]] [[hu:Igaz Jézus egyház]] [[mg:Tena Fiangonan'i Jesoa]] [[mk:Вистинска црква на Исус]] [[mi:Hāhi Tika o Ihu]] [[ml:സത്യ യേശു സഭ]] [[mo:Бисeрикa Aдeвэрaтулуй Исус]] [[mn:Ёстой Есїс Cїм]] [[mr:सत्य येशू प्रार्थनास्थळ]] [[ms:Gereja Yesus Benar]] [[mt:Knisja Vera ta' Ġesù]] [[my:စစ္‌မ္ဟန္‌ေသာေယရ္ဟုဘုရား၏အသင္‌းေတာ္‌]] [[nap:'A chiesa overa 'e Giesù]] [[ne:True Jesus Church]] [[nl:Ware Jezuskerk]] [[nds:Wahre Jesus Kark]] [[nds-nl:Waore Jezuskaark]] [[ja:真イエス教会]] [[no:Sanne Jesus Kirke]] [[nn:Den sanne jesuskyrkja]] [[nrm:Véthitabl'ye Églyise dé Jésû]] [[oc:Glèisa vertadièra de Jèsus]] [[os:Чырыстийы æцæг аргъуан]] [[pam:Tutung Pisamban nang Jesus]] [[pa:ਸੱਚ ਈਸਾ ਮਸੀ ਗਿਰਜਾ ਘਰ]] [[pl:Prawdziwy Kościół Jezusa]] [[ps:د مسيح حقيقي کليسا]] [[pt:Verdadeira Igreja de Jesus]] [[ro:Biserica Adevăratului Isus]] [[rmy:I Khangeri le Chache Jesuseski]] [[ru:Истинная церковь Иисуса]] [[scn:Vera Chiesa di Gesù]] [[sco:True Jesus Kirk]] [[sd:سچي يسو چرچ]] [[sh:Прaвa Црквa Исусoвa]] [[simple:True Jesus Church]] [[sk:Pravá cirkev Ježišova]] [[so:Mida Rumeed Kaniisada Ciise]] [[sq:Kisha e Vërtetë e Jezuzit]] [[yi:ישו'ס ריכטיגע קירכע]] [[sl:Prava Jezusova Cerkev]] [[bat-smg:Tėkruojė Jezaus bažninčė]] [[sr:Прaвa Црквa Исусoвa]] [[fi:Jeesuksen Todellinen Kirkko]] [[sv:The True Jesus Church]] [[tl:Totoong Simbahan ni Hesus]] [[ta:உண்மையான இயேசு தேவாலயம்]] [[te:నిజ ఏసుక్రీస్తు మండలి]] [[th:โบสถ์ทรูจีซัส]] [[tpi:Tru Jisas Lotu]] [[vi:Chân Giê-xu Giáo hội]] [[tr:Gerçek İsa Kilisesi]] [[uk:Вірна Церква Ісуса]] [[war:Tinuod Simbahan han Hesus]] [[zh:真耶稣教会]] 5613 2006-06-11T00:06:52Z Jose77 94 [[Image:TJC.jpg|right]] '''සත්‍යයේ ජේසු සමිදාණන්ගේ සභාව''' යනු 1917 වර්ෂ‌යේ චීන‌යේ ‌බෙජින් නුවර ආරම්භ වූ ‌සෛවරී සභාවකි. වර්තමාන‌යේ ‌ලොව රටවල් 45ක් පුරා විසිර ඇති එහි සමාජිකත්වය මිලියන 1.5ක් ‌වෙයි. ‌මෙම සභාව ‌‌විසිවන ශතවර්ෂ‌යේ දී කිතුනු ශාසන‌යෙහි මතු වූ [[ප්‍රො‌තෙසතන්ත]] නිකායන්ට අයත් වූ [[පෙන්ත‌කොස්ත ‌හෙවත් ශුදාත්මදානී සභාවන්]] ඝන‌යේ ලා සැල‌කේ. ඉන්දියා‌‌වෙහි ‌1932වර්ෂ‌‌යේ දී ‌‌මේ සභාව ආරම්භ විණ. ‌නත්තල සහ පාස්කුව ‌මෙකී සභාවන්හි පවත්වනු ‌නොලැ‌බේ. සභාව විසින් පිළිගන්නා වූ මුලීක [[ධර්මනියාමක]] දසය නම්: #'''ශුද්ධාත්මයාණන් වහන්සේ''' - ශුද්ධාත්ම දාන‌යේ දී "[[අන්‍යභා‌ෂා කතනය]]" සළකුණක් වශ‌යෙන් සභාව පිළිගනු ලැ‌බේ. #'''බෞතීස්ම කිරීම''' - ‌බෞතීස්ම ලබන්නා‌ගේ හිස පහතට හරවා , ජේසුස් වහන්‌සේ‌ගේ නාම‌යෙන්, ස්වභාවික ජිවන ජල‌යෙහි සම්පුර්ණ‌යෙන් ගිල්වී‌ම මගින් කරනු ලැබේ. #'''ශුද්ධ වූ සහභාගීත්වය''' #'''සබත් දිනය'''- ‌වෙනත් නිකායන් ‌මෙන් ‌සබත පැවැත්වීම ඉරු දින නොව,‌සෙනසුරාදා දින පවත්වනු ලැ‌බේ. #'''පාද දෝවනය''' #'''ජේසුස් ක්‍රිස්තුස් වහන්සේ''' #'''ශුද්ධ වූ බයිබලය''' - ‌දේවානුභාව‌යෙන් දුන් පුරාණ සහ නව ගිවිසුම අන්තර්ත වූ ශුද්ධ ලියවිල්ල වන අතර, එය කිතුනු ජීවිතය සඳහා සම්මතය ‌වේ. #'''ගැළවීම/මිදීම''' - ‌දේව අනුග්‍රහය තුළින්, ඇදහිල්ල කරණ‌කොට‌ගෙන ගැළවීම ලැ‌බේ. #'''පල්ලිය''' (Church) #'''අවසන් විනිශ්චය''' (Last Judgment) [[en:True Jesus Church]] [[ang:Sōþ Iesus Cirice]] [[af:Ware Jesuskerk]] [[als:Wahre Kirche Jesu]] [[am:ዕውነተኛ ኢየሱስ ቤተ ክርስቲያን]] [[an:Berdadera Ilesia de Chesús]] [[ar:كنيسة حقيقية ليسوع]] [[ast:Verdadera Ilesia de Xesús]] [[be:Праведная Царква Іісуса]] [[bn:সত্য যীশু গীর্জা]] [[bg:Истинска църква на Исус]] [[br:Iliz Gwir Jezuz]] [[zh-min-nan:Chin Iâ-so· Kàu-hōe]] [[map-bms:Gereja Yesus Sejati]] [[bs:Prava Crkva Isusova]] [[zh-yue:真耶穌教會]] [[ca:Veritable Església de Jesús]] [[ceb:Matuod Simbahan ni Jesus]] [[chr:ᏗᎦᎳᏫᏍᏗ ᏥᏌᏯ]] [[cs:Pravá církev Ježíšova]] [[csb:Prôwdzëwô Cerkwiô Jezësa]] [[cy:Eglwys Iesu Gwir]] [[da:Den Sande Jesu Kirke]] [[pdc:True Jesus Church]] [[de:Wahre Kirche Jesu]] [[dv:ހަގީގީ މަސީހީ ކަނީސާ]] [[et:Tõeline Jeesuse Kirik]] [[el:Αληθινή Εκκλησία του Ιησού]] [[es:La Verdadera Iglesia de Jesús]] [[eo:Vera Eklezio de Jesuo]] [[eu:Jesus-en Egiazko Eliza]] [[fa:کلیسای حقیقی عیسی]] [[fiu-vro:Tõõlinõ Jeesusõ Kerik]] [[fo:Sannur Jesus Kirkja]] [[fr:Véritable Église de Jésus]] [[fur:Vere Glesie di Jesù]] [[fy:Wiere Jezustsjerke]] [[ga:Eaglais Fhíor Íosa]] [[gd:Eaglais Fhìor Ìosa]] [[gl:Verdadeira Igrexa de Xesús]] [[got:𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌰 𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌺𐌻𐌴𐍃𐌾𐍉 𐌹𐌴𐍃𐌰𐌿𐍃]] [[gv:Agglish Yeesey Firrinagh]] [[ko:참예수교회]] [[kn:ಟ್ರ್ಯೂ ಜೀಸಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್]] [[kg:Dibundu ya Yesu ya Kyeleka]] [[ku:Klîsa ya Îsa yê rastîn]] [[hy:Հիսուսի ճշմարիտ Եկեղեցի]] [[hi:ईसा मसीह सत्य गिरजाघर]] [[hr:Prava Crkva Isusova]] [[id:Gereja Yesus Sejati]] [[ia:Ver Ecclesia de Jesus]] [[ilo:Agpayso a Simbaan ni Jesus]] [[io:Vera Eklezio di Iesu]] [[is:Sanna Jesús kirkjan]] [[it:Vera Chiesa di Gesù]] [[he:הכנסייה האמיתית של ישו]] [[jv:Gréja Yesus Sajati]] [[ka:ქრისტეს ჭეშმარიტი ეკლესია]] [[ht:Legliz de Vre Jezi]] [[lb:True Jesus Church]] [[lmo:Vera gesa da Gesüü Criist]] [[sw:True Jesus Church]] [[kw:Eglos Wir Yesu]] [[la:Vera Ecclesia Iesus]] [[lad:Verdadera Eglesia de Jesus]] [[lo:ນິກາຍ ໂບດທູຈຶຊັດ]] [[li:Ware Zjezus Kèrk]] [[lt:Tikrojo Jėzaus bažnyčia]] [[hu:Igaz Jézus egyház]] [[mg:Tena Fiangonan'i Jesoa]] [[mk:Вистинска црква на Исус]] [[mi:Hāhi Tika o Ihu]] [[ml:സത്യ യേശു സഭ]] [[mo:Бисeрикa Aдeвэрaтулуй Исус]] [[mn:Ёстой Есїс Cїм]] [[mr:सत्य येशू प्रार्थनास्थळ]] [[ms:Gereja Yesus Benar]] [[mt:Knisja Vera ta' Ġesù]] [[my:စစ္‌မ္ဟန္‌ေသာေယရ္ဟုဘုရား၏အသင္‌းေတာ္‌]] [[nap:'A chiesa overa 'e Giesù]] [[ne:True Jesus Church]] [[nl:Ware Jezuskerk]] [[nds:Wahre Jesus Kark]] [[nds-nl:Waore Jezuskaark]] [[ja:真イエス教会]] [[no:Sanne Jesus Kirke]] [[nn:Den sanne jesuskyrkja]] [[nrm:Véthitabl'ye Églyise dé Jésû]] [[oc:Glèisa vertadièra de Jèsus]] [[os:Чырыстийы æцæг аргъуан]] [[pam:Tutung Pisamban nang Jesus]] [[pa:ਸੱਚ ਈਸਾ ਮਸੀ ਗਿਰਜਾ ਘਰ]] [[pl:Prawdziwy Kościół Jezusa]] [[ps:د مسيح حقيقي کليسا]] [[pt:Verdadeira Igreja de Jesus]] [[ro:Biserica Adevăratului Isus]] [[rmy:I Khangeri le Chache Jesuseski]] [[ru:Истинная церковь Иисуса]] [[scn:Vera Chiesa di Gesù]] [[sco:True Jesus Kirk]] [[sd:سچي يسو چرچ]] [[sh:Прaвa Црквa Исусoвa]] [[simple:True Jesus Church]] [[sk:Pravá cirkev Ježišova]] [[so:Mida Rumeed Kaniisada Ciise]] [[sq:Kisha e Vërtetë e Jezuzit]] [[yi:ישו'ס ריכטיגע קירכע]] [[sl:Prava Jezusova Cerkev]] [[bat-smg:Tėkruojė Jezaus bažninčė]] [[sr:Прaвa Црквa Исусoвa]] [[fi:Jeesuksen Todellinen Kirkko]] [[sv:The True Jesus Church]] [[tl:Totoong Simbahan ni Hesus]] [[ta:உண்மையான இயேசு தேவாலயம்]] [[te:నిజ ఏసుక్రీస్తు మండలి]] [[th:โบสถ์ทรูจีซัส]] [[tpi:Tru Jisas Lotu]] [[vi:Chân Giê-xu Giáo hội]] [[tr:Gerçek İsa Kilisesi]] [[uk:Вірна Церква Ісуса]] [[war:Tinuod Simbahan han Hesus]] [[zh:真耶稣教会]] තාරකා විද්‍යාව 1884 5330 2006-05-07T06:03:13Z Lee 85 English Article :''This article is about the branch of science. For information about the magazine, see ''[[Astronomy (magazine)|Astronomy ''(magazine)'']]. [[Image:USA.NM.VeryLargeArray.02.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Radio telescope]]s are among many different tools used by astronomers]] {{portal}} '''Astronomy''' ([[Greek language|Greek]]: αστρονομία = άστρον + [[nomos|νόμος]], ''astronomia'' = ''astron'' + ''nomos'', literally, ''"[[law]] of the [[star]]s"'') is the [[science]] of celestial objects and phenomena that originate outside the [[Earth's atmosphere]], such as stars, [[planet]]s, [[comet]]s, [[Aurora (phenomenon)|auroras]], [[galaxy|galaxies]], and the [[cosmic background radiation]]. It is concerned with the [[Cosmology|formation and development of the universe]], the evolution and [[Astrophysics|physical]] and [[chemical]] properties of celestial objects and the [[astrometry|calculation of their motions]]. [[Observational astronomy|Astronomical observations]] are not only relevant for astronomy as such, but provide essential information for the verification of fundamental theories in [[physics]], such as [[general relativity|general relativity theory]]. Complementary to observational astronomy, [[theoretical astrophysics]] seeks to explain astronomical phenomena. Astronomy is one of the oldest sciences with a scientific methodology existing at the time of [[ancient Greece]] and advanced observation techniques possibly much earlier (see [[archaeoastronomy]]). Historically, amateurs have contributed to many important astronomical discoveries, and astronomy is one of the few sciences where [[amateur astronomy|amateurs]] can still play an active role, especially in the discovery and observation of transient [[phenomena]]. Modern astronomy as practised is not to be confused with [[astrology]], the belief system that states that people's destiny and human affairs in general are correlated to the positions of celestial objects in the skies. Although the [[Astrology and astronomy|two fields share a common origin]], they are quite different; astronomers employ the [[scientific method]], while astrologers do not. ==Divisions== [[Image:Crab Nebula.jpg|thumb|left|A giant [[Hubble]] mosaic of the [[Crab nebula]]]]In [[Babylon]], and ancient Greece, astronomy consisted largely of [[astrometry]], measuring positions of stars and planets in the sky. Later, with the work of [[astronomers]] [[Johannes Kepler|Kepler]] and [[Isaac Newton|Newton]], whose work led to the development of [[celestial mechanics]], the mathematical prediction of the motions of celestial bodies interacting [[gravity|gravitationally]] became the focus of astronomy. This was applied to [[solar system]] objects in particular. Motions and positions of objects are now more easily determined, and modern astronomy is more concerned with observing and understanding the actual physical nature of celestial objects. Since the twentieth century, the field of professional astronomy has split into [[observational astronomy]] and [[theoretical astrophysics]]. Observational astronomy is concerned mostly with acquiring data, which involves building and maintaining instruments and processing the results; this branch is at times referred to as "astrometry" or simply as "astronomy". Theoretical astrophysics is concerned mainly with ascertaining the observational implications of different models, and involves working with computer or analytic models. The fields of study can also be categorized in other ways. Categorization by the region of space under study (for example, Galactic astronomy, Planetary Sciences); by subject, such as star formation or cosmology; or by the method used for obtaining information. ===By subject or problem addressed=== [[Image:dust.devil.mars.arp.750pix.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Planetary astronomy, or Planetary Sciences: a [[dust devil]] on [[Mars (planet)|Mars]]. Photographed by [[Mars Global Surveyor]], the long dark streak is formed by a moving swirling column of [[Atmosphere of Mars|Martian atmosphere]] (with similarities to a terrestrial [[tornado]]). The dust devil itself (the black spot) is climbing the crater wall. The streaks on the right are sand dunes on the crater floor.]] * [[Astrometry]]: the study of the position of the objects in the sky and their changes of the position in the sky. Defines the system of coordinates used and the [[kinematics]] of objects in our galaxy. * [[Astrophysics]]: the study of physics of the universe, including the physical properties ([[luminosity]], [[density]], [[temperature]], [[Chemistry|chemical composition]]) of astronomical objects. * [[Cosmology]]: the study of the origin of the universe and its evolution. The study of cosmology is theoretical astrophysics at its largest scale. * [[Galaxy formation and evolution]]: the study of the formation of the galaxies, and their evolution. * [[Galactic astronomy]]: the study of the structure and components of our galaxy and of other galaxies. * [[Extragalactic astronomy]]: the study of objects (mainly galaxies) outside our galaxy. * [[Stellar astronomy]]: the study of the stars. * [[Stellar evolution]]: the study of the evolution of stars from their formation to their end as a stellar remnant. * [[Star formation]]: the study of the condition and processes that led to the formation of stars in the interior of gas clouds, and the process of formation itself. * [[Planetary Sciences]]: the study of the planets of the [[Solar System]]. * [[Astrobiology]]: the study of the advent and evolution of biological systems in the Universe. Other disciplines that may be considered part of astronomy: * [[Archaeoastronomy]] * [[Astrochemistry]] * [[Astrosociobiology]] See the [[list of astronomical topics]] for a more exhaustive list of astronomy related pages. ===Ways of obtaining information=== :''Main article:'' [[Observational astronomy]]. In astronomy, [[information]] is mainly received from the detection and analysis of light and other forms of [[electromagnetic radiation]]. Other [[cosmic ray]]s are also observed, and several experiments are designed to detect [[gravitational wave]]s in the near future. A traditional division of astronomy is given by the region of the [[electromagnetic spectrum]] observed: * [[Optical astronomy]] is the part of astronomy that uses optical components (mirrors, lenses, [[Charge-coupled device|CCD detectors]] and [[photographic film]]s) to observe [[light]] from near infrared to near ultraviolet wavelengths. [[Visible light astronomy]] (using [[wavelength]]s that can be detected with the eyes, about [[1 E-7 m|400 - 700 nm]]) falls in the middle of this range. The most common tool is the [[telescope]], with [[electronic imager]]s and [[spectrograph]]s. * [[Infrared astronomy]] deals with the detection and analysis of [[infrared]] radiation (wavelengths longer than red light). The most common tool is the telescope but using a detector which is sensitive to the infrared. [[Space telescope]]s are also used to avoid atmospheric thermal emission, atmospheric opacity, and the effects of [[Seeing disk|astronomical seeing]] at infrared and other wavelengths. * [[Radio astronomy]] detects [[radiation]] of millimetre to dekametre wavelength. The [[radio telescope]] receivers are similar to those used in [[radio]] broadcast transmission but much more sensitive. * [[High-energy astronomy]] includes [[X-ray]] astronomy, [[gamma ray]] astronomy, and extreme UV ([[ultraviolet]]) astronomy, as well as studies of [[neutrino]]s and cosmic rays. Optical and radio astronomy can be performed with ground-based [[observatory|observatories]], because the Earth's atmosphere is transparent at the wavelengths being detected. Infrared radiation is heavily absorbed by atmospheric [[water vapour]], so infrared observatories have to be located in high, dry places or in space. The atmosphere is [[opaque]] at the wavelengths of [[X-ray astronomy]], [[gamma-ray astronomy]], [[UV astronomy]] and (except for a few wavelength "windows") [[far infrared astronomy]], so observations must be carried out mostly from [[balloon]]s or [[space observatory|space observatories]]. Powerful gamma rays can, however be detected by the large [[air shower (physics)|air shower]]s they produce, and the study of cosmic rays can also be regarded as a branch of astronomy. ==History of astronomy== [[Image:grav.lens1.arp.750pix.jpg|thumb|right|260px|Extragalactic astronomy: [[gravitational lensing]]. This image shows several blue, loop-shaped objects that are multiple images of the same galaxy, duplicated by the [[gravitational lens]] effect of the cluster of yellow galaxies near the photograph's centre. The lens is produced by the cluster's gravitational field that bends light to magnify and distort the image of a more distant object.]] :''Main article: [[History of astronomy]].'' In early times, astronomy only comprised the observation and predictions of the motions of the naked-eye objects. Aristotle said that the Earth was the centre of the Universe and everything rotated around it in orbits that were perfect circles. Aristotle had to be right because people thought that Earth had to be in the centre with everything rotating around it because the wind would not scatter leaves, and birds would only fly in one direction. For a long time, people thought that Aristotle was right, but it is probable that Aristotle accidentally did more to hinder our knowledge than help it. The [[Hindu]] vedic text, [[Rigveda]] refers to the 27 [[constellations]] associated with the motions of the sun and also the 12 [[Zodiac|zodiacal]] divisions of the sky. The [[Hellenic civilisation|ancient Greeks]] made important contributions to astronomy, among them the definition of the [[apparent magnitude|magnitude]] system. The [[Bible]] contains a number of statements on the position of the earth in the universe and the nature of the stars and planets, most of which are poetic rather than literal; see [[Biblical cosmology]]. In [[500|500 AD]], [[Aryabhata]] presented a mathematical system that described the earth as spinning on its axis and considered the motions of the planets with respect to the sun. East Asia's first astronomical observatory was developed in [[Silla]], one of [[Three Kingdoms of Korea]], under the reign of [[Queen Seondeok of Silla]]. It was termed [[Cheomsongdae]], and is one of the oldest surviving scientific installations on [[Earth]]. It means ''star-gazing tower'' in Korean. Although classical astronomy was one of the seven key subjects taught at [[medieval university|medieval universities]] in [[Europe]], observational astronomy was mostly stagnant in [[Middle Ages|medieval]] Europe until [[XIII century]], when lived astronomers and [[astrology|astrologers]] as [[Johannes de Sacrobosco]], in [[England]], and [[Guido Bonatti]] from [[Forlì]], in [[Italy]]. [[Tycho Brahe]]'s work is very famous, in the 16th Century. However, observational astronomy flourished in the [[Iran|Iranian]] world and other parts of Islamic realm. The late 9th century Persian astronomer [[al-Farghani]] wrote extensively on the motion of celestial bodies. His work was translated into [[Latin]] in the 12th century. In the late 10th century, a huge [[observatory]] was built near [[Tehran]], [[Persian Empire|Persia]] (now [[Iran]]), by the Persian astronomer [[al-Khujandi]], who observed a series of [[meridian (astronomy)|meridian]] [[astronomical transit|transit]]s of the Sun, which allowed him to calculate the [[axial tilt|obliquity]] of the [[ecliptic]]. Also in Persia, [[Omar Khayyám]] performed a reformation of the [[calendar]] that was more accurate than the [[Julian Calendar|Julian]] and came close to the [[Gregorian calendar|Gregorian]]. [[Abraham Zacuto]] was responsible in the 15th century for the adaptations of astronomical theory for the practical needs of Portuguese caravel expeditions. [[Image:Table of Astronomy, Cyclopaedia, Volume 1, p 164.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Table of astronomy, from the 1728 ''[[Cyclopaedia]]''.]] In Europe during the [[Renaissance]], [[Copernicus]] proposed a [[heliocentric model]] of the [[Solar System]]. His work was defended, expanded upon, and corrected by [[Galileo Galilei]] and [[Johannes Kepler]]. Galileo added the innovation of using telescopes to enhance his observations. Kepler was the first to devise a system that described correctly the details of the motion of the planets with the Sun at the centre. However, Kepler did not succeed in formulating a theory behind the laws he wrote down. It was left to [[Sir Isaac Newton|Newton's]] invention of [[celestial dynamics]] and his [[gravity|law of gravitation]] to finally explain the motions of the planets. Newton also developed the [[reflecting telescope]]. Stars were found to be faraway objects. With the advent of [[spectroscopy]] it was proved that they were similar to Earth's own sun, but with a wide range of [[temperature]]s, [[mass]]es, and sizes. The existence of Earth's galaxy, the [[Milky Way]], as a separate group of stars was only proven in the 20th century, along with the existence of "external" galaxies, and soon after, the [[expansion]] of the [[universe]], seen in the recession of most galaxies from us. Modern astronomy has also discovered many exotic objects such as [[quasar]]s, [[pulsar]]s, [[blazar]]s and [[radio galaxy|radio galaxies]], and has used these observations to develop physical theories which describe some of these objects in terms of equally exotic objects such as [[black hole]]s and [[neutron star]]s. [[Physical cosmology]] made huge advances during the 20th century, with the model of the [[Big Bang]] heavily supported by the evidence provided by astronomy and physics, such as the [[cosmic microwave background radiation]], [[Hubble's Law]], and [[Big Bang nucleosynthesis|cosmological abundances of elements]]. ==Timelines in astronomy== [[Image:ant.nebula.arp.600pix.jpg|thumb|right|260px|Stellar astronomy, Stellar Evolution: The [[Mz3|Ant planetary nebula]]. Ejecting gas from the dying centre star shows symmetrical patterns unlike the chaotic patterns of ordinary explosions.]] * [[Timeline of artificial satellites and space probes|Artificial satellites and space probes]] * [[Timeline of astronomical maps, catalogues, and surveys|Astronomical maps, catalogues, and surveys]] * [[Timeline of the Big Bang|Big Bang]] * [[Timeline of black hole physics|Black hole physics]] * [[Timeline of cosmic microwave background astronomy|Cosmic microwave background astronomy]] * [[Timeline of cosmology|Cosmology]] * [[Timeline of galaxies, clusters of galaxies, and large scale structure|Galaxies, clusters of galaxies, and large scale structure]] * [[Timeline of the interstellar medium and intergalactic medium|Interstellar medium and intergalactic medium]] * [[Timeline of natural satellites|Natural satellites]] * [[Timeline of other background radiation fields|Other background radiation fields]] * [[Timeline of solar astronomy|Solar astronomy]] * [[Timeline of solar system astronomy|Solar system astronomy]] * [[Timeline of stellar astronomy|Stellar astronomy]] * [[Timeline of telescopes, observatories, and observing technology|Telescopes, observatories, and observing technology]] * [[Timeline of white dwarfs, neutron stars, and supernovae|White dwarfs, neutron stars, and supernovae]] ==See also== {{sisterlinks|Astronomy}} * [[List of astronomical topics]] * [[Astronomer|Astronomers and Astrophysicists]] * [[Astronomical symbols]] * [[Cycles#Astronomical cycles|Astronomical cycles]] * [[Astronomical naming conventions]] * [[Astronomical object]] * [[:Category:Astronomical observatories|Astronomical observatories]] * [[:Category:Astronomy organizations|Astronomy organisations]] * [[Celestial navigation]] * [[Space exploration]] * [[Space science]] * [[Astronomical objects named after people]] === Astronomy tools === * [[Binoculars]] * [[Telescope]] * [[Computers]] * [[Calculator]] * [[Observatory]] * [[Space observatory]] * [[Maksutov telescope]] ==External links== *[http://www.AbsoluteAstronomy.com/ AbsoluteAstronomy.com] *[http://www.nasa.gov/ NASA] *[http://www.astronomy.net.nz Southern Hemisphere Astronomy] *[http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ Astronomy Picture of the Day] *[http://www.newscientistspace.com/home.ns/ New Scientist Space] *[http://www.skyandtelescope.com/ Sky & Telescope] *[http://www.aas.org/ American Astronomical Society] *[http://www.planet-surveyor.com/ Planet Surveyor] *[http://www.UtahSkies.org/ Utah Skies ] Astronomy Information by and for Amateur Astronomers *[http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/8172 ebook History of Astronomy, George Forbes (1849-1936] *[http://www.theamazingsky.com/ The Amazing Sky] *[http://www.space.gs/ Space and Astronautics News] {{Astronomy-footer}} {{Natural sciences-footer}} [[Category:Astronomy| ]] [[af:Sterrekunde]] [[am:ሥነ ፈለክ]] [[ar:فلك]] [[an:Astronomía]] [[ast:Astronomía]] [[ba:Астрономия]] [[bg:Астрономия]] [[bn:জ্যোতির্বিদ্যা]] [[bs:Astronomija]] [[br:Astronomi]] [[ca:Astronomia]] [[cv:Астрономи]] [[co:Astronomia]] [[cs:Astronomie]] [[cy:Seryddiaeth]] [[da:Astronomi]] [[de:Astronomie]] [[et:Astronoomia]] [[el:Αστρονομία]] [[es:Astronomía]] [[eo:Astronomio]] [[eu:Astronomia]] [[fa:ستاره‌شناسی]] [[fr:Astronomie]] [[fy:Stjerrekunde]] [[ga:Réalteolaíocht]] [[gl:Astronomía]] [[gu:ખગોળશાસ્ત્ર]] [[ko:천문학]] [[ht:Astwonomi]] [[hi:खगोल शास्त्र]] [[hr:Astronomija]] [[io:Astronomio]] [[id:Astronomi dan Astrofisika]] [[ia:Astronomia]] [[ie:Astronomie]] [[iu:ᓯᓚᓯᐅᕐᓂᖅ]] [[is:Stjörnufræði]] [[it:Astronomia]] [[he:אסטרונומיה]] [[jv:Astronomi]] [[ka:ასტრონომია]] [[csb:Astronomijô]] [[kw:Astronymyl]] [[ku:Astronomî]] [[lad:Astronomiya]] [[la:Astronomia]] [[lv:Astronomija]] [[lt:Astronomija]] [[lb:Astronomie]] [[li:Sjtarrekónde]] [[jbo:kesyske]] [[hu:Csillagászat]] [[mt:Astronomija]] [[ms:Astronomi]] [[mo:Астрономие ши астрофизикэ]] [[nap:Astronomia]] [[nl:Astronomie]] [[ne:ज्योतिष]] [[nds:Astronomie]] [[ja:天文学]] [[no:Astronomi]] [[nn:Astronomi]] [[oc:Astronomia]] [[pl:Astronomia]] [[pt:Astronomia]] [[pa:ਤਾਰਾ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ]] [[ro:Astronomie]] [[rm:Astronomia]] [[ru:Астрономия]] [[sco:Astronomie]] [[sq:Astronomia]] [[scn:Astronumìa]] [[simple:Astronomy]] [[sk:Astronómia]] [[sl:Astronomija]] [[sr:Астрономија]] [[su:Astronomi]] [[fi:Tähtitiede]] [[sv:Astronomi]] [[tl:Astronomiya]] [[ta:வானியல்]] [[tet:Astronomia]] [[th:ดาราศาสตร์]] [[vi:Thiên văn học]] [[tr:Gökbilim]] [[uk:Астрономія]] [[vo:Stelav]] [[war:Astronomiya]] [[zh:天文学]] [[pam:Astronomia]] 5333 2006-05-07T06:18:59Z Lee 85 :''This article is about the branch of science. For information about the magazine, see ''[[Astronomy (magazine)|Astronomy ''(magazine)'']]. [[Image:USA.NM.VeryLargeArray.02.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Radio telescope]]s are among many different tools used by astronomers]] {{portal}} '''තාරකා විද්‍යාව''' (ඉංග්‍රීසි: Astronomy / ඇස්ට්‍රොනොමි) (ග්‍රීක: αστρονομία = άστρον + νόμος, astronomia / ඇස්ට්‍රොනොමියා = astron + nomos, සරලව ගත් කල, "තාරකා නීතිය") යනු තාරකා, ග්‍රහලෝක, ධූමකේතු (comets), ඌෂාලෝකය (aurora), චක්‍රාවාට (galaxies) සහ අන්තරීක්ෂ පසුබිම් විකිරණය (cosmic background radiation) යනාදී පෘථිවි වායුගෝලයෙන් පරිභාහිර සංසිද්දීන් සහ අභ්‍යවකශ වස්තූන් (celestial objects) පිලිබඳ විද්‍යාවයි. මෙහි ප්‍රධාන කාර්යයන් වන්නේ විශ්වයේ සම්භවය සහ විකාශණය, විශ්ව වස්තූන්ගේ භෞතික සහ රසායනික ගුණයන්ගේ පරිනාමය සහ ඒවායේ චලනයන් යනාදිය ගැන හැදෑරීමයි. මෙහි එන විද්‍යාත්මක නිරීක්ෂණයන් වැදගත් වන්නේ තාරකා විද්‍යාවට පමණක් නොවේ, ඒවා සාමාන්‍ය සාපේක්ෂතා වාදය වැනි භෞතික විද්‍යාත්මක මතවාදයන් සනාථ කරගැනීමට අවශ්‍ය වැදගත් තොරතුරු ද සපයයි. තාරකා විද්‍යාව යනු [[විද්‍යාත්මක ක්‍රමය]] රැගත් ලෝකයේ පැරණිම විද්‍යාවන්ගෙන් එකකි. එය පෞරාණික ග්‍රීක යුගය දක්වා දිවයන අතර දියුණු නිරීක්ෂණ ක්‍රම ඊටත් වඩා ඈත අතීතය කරා දිවයයි. ඓතිහාසික වශයෙන් ගත්කල තාරකා විද්‍යාවේ වැදගත් සොයාගැනීම් රැසකට දායක වී ඇත්තේ ආධුනික තාරකා විද්‍යාඥයන්ය. එසේම අදට ද තාරකා විද්‍යාව යනු ආධුනිකයන්ගේ දායකත්වය නොමසුරුව ලැබිය හැකි "විද්‍යාවන්" අතලොස්සෙන් එකකි. ඒ නව සොයාගැනීම් වලින් සහ කෙටි කාල පරාසයන් තුල සිදුවන සංසිද්දීන් නිරීක්ෂණය කිරිමෙන්ය. නූතන තාරකා විද්‍යාව සහ ජ්‍යෝතීෂ්‍යය යන දෙකෙහිම පදනම සැලකිය යුතු තරමකට සමානය. ග්‍රහ වස්තූන්හි අහසේ පිහිටීම මත යම් පුද්ගලයකුගේ හෝ පොදුවේ මනුෂ්‍ය වර්ගයාගේ දෛවය ප්‍රකාශ කිරීමට ජ්‍යෝතීෂ්‍යය උත්සාහ කරයි. එහෙත් තාරකා විද්‍යාවේ කටයුතු වලදී "විද්‍යාත්මක ක්‍රමය" යන්න භාවිතා වන අතර ජ්‍යෝතිෂ්‍යයේදී එසේ නොවේ. එමනිසා මේ දෙක සම්පූර්ණයෙන්ම වෙනස් ක්ෂේත්‍ර දෙකක් ලෙස සැලකිය යුතුය. ==Divisions== [[Image:Crab Nebula.jpg|thumb|left|A giant [[Hubble]] mosaic of the [[Crab nebula]]]]In [[Babylon]], and ancient Greece, astronomy consisted largely of [[astrometry]], measuring positions of stars and planets in the sky. Later, with the work of [[astronomers]] [[Johannes Kepler|Kepler]] and [[Isaac Newton|Newton]], whose work led to the development of [[celestial mechanics]], the mathematical prediction of the motions of celestial bodies interacting [[gravity|gravitationally]] became the focus of astronomy. This was applied to [[solar system]] objects in particular. Motions and positions of objects are now more easily determined, and modern astronomy is more concerned with observing and understanding the actual physical nature of celestial objects. Since the twentieth century, the field of professional astronomy has split into [[observational astronomy]] and [[theoretical astrophysics]]. Observational astronomy is concerned mostly with acquiring data, which involves building and maintaining instruments and processing the results; this branch is at times referred to as "astrometry" or simply as "astronomy". Theoretical astrophysics is concerned mainly with ascertaining the observational implications of different models, and involves working with computer or analytic models. The fields of study can also be categorized in other ways. Categorization by the region of space under study (for example, Galactic astronomy, Planetary Sciences); by subject, such as star formation or cosmology; or by the method used for obtaining information. ===By subject or problem addressed=== [[Image:dust.devil.mars.arp.750pix.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Planetary astronomy, or Planetary Sciences: a [[dust devil]] on [[Mars (planet)|Mars]]. Photographed by [[Mars Global Surveyor]], the long dark streak is formed by a moving swirling column of [[Atmosphere of Mars|Martian atmosphere]] (with similarities to a terrestrial [[tornado]]). The dust devil itself (the black spot) is climbing the crater wall. The streaks on the right are sand dunes on the crater floor.]] * [[Astrometry]]: the study of the position of the objects in the sky and their changes of the position in the sky. Defines the system of coordinates used and the [[kinematics]] of objects in our galaxy. * [[Astrophysics]]: the study of physics of the universe, including the physical properties ([[luminosity]], [[density]], [[temperature]], [[Chemistry|chemical composition]]) of astronomical objects. * [[Cosmology]]: the study of the origin of the universe and its evolution. The study of cosmology is theoretical astrophysics at its largest scale. * [[Galaxy formation and evolution]]: the study of the formation of the galaxies, and their evolution. * [[Galactic astronomy]]: the study of the structure and components of our galaxy and of other galaxies. * [[Extragalactic astronomy]]: the study of objects (mainly galaxies) outside our galaxy. * [[Stellar astronomy]]: the study of the stars. * [[Stellar evolution]]: the study of the evolution of stars from their formation to their end as a stellar remnant. * [[Star formation]]: the study of the condition and processes that led to the formation of stars in the interior of gas clouds, and the process of formation itself. * [[Planetary Sciences]]: the study of the planets of the [[Solar System]]. * [[Astrobiology]]: the study of the advent and evolution of biological systems in the Universe. Other disciplines that may be considered part of astronomy: * [[Archaeoastronomy]] * [[Astrochemistry]] * [[Astrosociobiology]] See the [[list of astronomical topics]] for a more exhaustive list of astronomy related pages. ===Ways of obtaining information=== :''Main article:'' [[Observational astronomy]]. In astronomy, [[information]] is mainly received from the detection and analysis of light and other forms of [[electromagnetic radiation]]. Other [[cosmic ray]]s are also observed, and several experiments are designed to detect [[gravitational wave]]s in the near future. A traditional division of astronomy is given by the region of the [[electromagnetic spectrum]] observed: * [[Optical astronomy]] is the part of astronomy that uses optical components (mirrors, lenses, [[Charge-coupled device|CCD detectors]] and [[photographic film]]s) to observe [[light]] from near infrared to near ultraviolet wavelengths. [[Visible light astronomy]] (using [[wavelength]]s that can be detected with the eyes, about [[1 E-7 m|400 - 700 nm]]) falls in the middle of this range. The most common tool is the [[telescope]], with [[electronic imager]]s and [[spectrograph]]s. * [[Infrared astronomy]] deals with the detection and analysis of [[infrared]] radiation (wavelengths longer than red light). The most common tool is the telescope but using a detector which is sensitive to the infrared. [[Space telescope]]s are also used to avoid atmospheric thermal emission, atmospheric opacity, and the effects of [[Seeing disk|astronomical seeing]] at infrared and other wavelengths. * [[Radio astronomy]] detects [[radiation]] of millimetre to dekametre wavelength. The [[radio telescope]] receivers are similar to those used in [[radio]] broadcast transmission but much more sensitive. * [[High-energy astronomy]] includes [[X-ray]] astronomy, [[gamma ray]] astronomy, and extreme UV ([[ultraviolet]]) astronomy, as well as studies of [[neutrino]]s and cosmic rays. Optical and radio astronomy can be performed with ground-based [[observatory|observatories]], because the Earth's atmosphere is transparent at the wavelengths being detected. Infrared radiation is heavily absorbed by atmospheric [[water vapour]], so infrared observatories have to be located in high, dry places or in space. The atmosphere is [[opaque]] at the wavelengths of [[X-ray astronomy]], [[gamma-ray astronomy]], [[UV astronomy]] and (except for a few wavelength "windows") [[far infrared astronomy]], so observations must be carried out mostly from [[balloon]]s or [[space observatory|space observatories]]. Powerful gamma rays can, however be detected by the large [[air shower (physics)|air shower]]s they produce, and the study of cosmic rays can also be regarded as a branch of astronomy. ==History of astronomy== [[Image:grav.lens1.arp.750pix.jpg|thumb|right|260px|Extragalactic astronomy: [[gravitational lensing]]. This image shows several blue, loop-shaped objects that are multiple images of the same galaxy, duplicated by the [[gravitational lens]] effect of the cluster of yellow galaxies near the photograph's centre. The lens is produced by the cluster's gravitational field that bends light to magnify and distort the image of a more distant object.]] :''Main article: [[History of astronomy]].'' In early times, astronomy only comprised the observation and predictions of the motions of the naked-eye objects. Aristotle said that the Earth was the centre of the Universe and everything rotated around it in orbits that were perfect circles. Aristotle had to be right because people thought that Earth had to be in the centre with everything rotating around it because the wind would not scatter leaves, and birds would only fly in one direction. For a long time, people thought that Aristotle was right, but it is probable that Aristotle accidentally did more to hinder our knowledge than help it. The [[Hindu]] vedic text, [[Rigveda]] refers to the 27 [[constellations]] associated with the motions of the sun and also the 12 [[Zodiac|zodiacal]] divisions of the sky. The [[Hellenic civilisation|ancient Greeks]] made important contributions to astronomy, among them the definition of the [[apparent magnitude|magnitude]] system. The [[Bible]] contains a number of statements on the position of the earth in the universe and the nature of the stars and planets, most of which are poetic rather than literal; see [[Biblical cosmology]]. In [[500|500 AD]], [[Aryabhata]] presented a mathematical system that described the earth as spinning on its axis and considered the motions of the planets with respect to the sun. East Asia's first astronomical observatory was developed in [[Silla]], one of [[Three Kingdoms of Korea]], under the reign of [[Queen Seondeok of Silla]]. It was termed [[Cheomsongdae]], and is one of the oldest surviving scientific installations on [[Earth]]. It means ''star-gazing tower'' in Korean. Although classical astronomy was one of the seven key subjects taught at [[medieval university|medieval universities]] in [[Europe]], observational astronomy was mostly stagnant in [[Middle Ages|medieval]] Europe until [[XIII century]], when lived astronomers and [[astrology|astrologers]] as [[Johannes de Sacrobosco]], in [[England]], and [[Guido Bonatti]] from [[Forlì]], in [[Italy]]. [[Tycho Brahe]]'s work is very famous, in the 16th Century. However, observational astronomy flourished in the [[Iran|Iranian]] world and other parts of Islamic realm. The late 9th century Persian astronomer [[al-Farghani]] wrote extensively on the motion of celestial bodies. His work was translated into [[Latin]] in the 12th century. In the late 10th century, a huge [[observatory]] was built near [[Tehran]], [[Persian Empire|Persia]] (now [[Iran]]), by the Persian astronomer [[al-Khujandi]], who observed a series of [[meridian (astronomy)|meridian]] [[astronomical transit|transit]]s of the Sun, which allowed him to calculate the [[axial tilt|obliquity]] of the [[ecliptic]]. Also in Persia, [[Omar Khayyám]] performed a reformation of the [[calendar]] that was more accurate than the [[Julian Calendar|Julian]] and came close to the [[Gregorian calendar|Gregorian]]. [[Abraham Zacuto]] was responsible in the 15th century for the adaptations of astronomical theory for the practical needs of Portuguese caravel expeditions. [[Image:Table of Astronomy, Cyclopaedia, Volume 1, p 164.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Table of astronomy, from the 1728 ''[[Cyclopaedia]]''.]] In Europe during the [[Renaissance]], [[Copernicus]] proposed a [[heliocentric model]] of the [[Solar System]]. His work was defended, expanded upon, and corrected by [[Galileo Galilei]] and [[Johannes Kepler]]. Galileo added the innovation of using telescopes to enhance his observations. Kepler was the first to devise a system that described correctly the details of the motion of the planets with the Sun at the centre. However, Kepler did not succeed in formulating a theory behind the laws he wrote down. It was left to [[Sir Isaac Newton|Newton's]] invention of [[celestial dynamics]] and his [[gravity|law of gravitation]] to finally explain the motions of the planets. Newton also developed the [[reflecting telescope]]. Stars were found to be faraway objects. With the advent of [[spectroscopy]] it was proved that they were similar to Earth's own sun, but with a wide range of [[temperature]]s, [[mass]]es, and sizes. The existence of Earth's galaxy, the [[Milky Way]], as a separate group of stars was only proven in the 20th century, along with the existence of "external" galaxies, and soon after, the [[expansion]] of the [[universe]], seen in the recession of most galaxies from us. Modern astronomy has also discovered many exotic objects such as [[quasar]]s, [[pulsar]]s, [[blazar]]s and [[radio galaxy|radio galaxies]], and has used these observations to develop physical theories which describe some of these objects in terms of equally exotic objects such as [[black hole]]s and [[neutron star]]s. [[Physical cosmology]] made huge advances during the 20th century, with the model of the [[Big Bang]] heavily supported by the evidence provided by astronomy and physics, such as the [[cosmic microwave background radiation]], [[Hubble's Law]], and [[Big Bang nucleosynthesis|cosmological abundances of elements]]. ==Timelines in astronomy== [[Image:ant.nebula.arp.600pix.jpg|thumb|right|260px|Stellar astronomy, Stellar Evolution: The [[Mz3|Ant planetary nebula]]. Ejecting gas from the dying centre star shows symmetrical patterns unlike the chaotic patterns of ordinary explosions.]] * [[Timeline of artificial satellites and space probes|Artificial satellites and space probes]] * [[Timeline of astronomical maps, catalogues, and surveys|Astronomical maps, catalogues, and surveys]] * [[Timeline of the Big Bang|Big Bang]] * [[Timeline of black hole physics|Black hole physics]] * [[Timeline of cosmic microwave background astronomy|Cosmic microwave background astronomy]] * [[Timeline of cosmology|Cosmology]] * [[Timeline of galaxies, clusters of galaxies, and large scale structure|Galaxies, clusters of galaxies, and large scale structure]] * [[Timeline of the interstellar medium and intergalactic medium|Interstellar medium and intergalactic medium]] * [[Timeline of natural satellites|Natural satellites]] * [[Timeline of other background radiation fields|Other background radiation fields]] * [[Timeline of solar astronomy|Solar astronomy]] * [[Timeline of solar system astronomy|Solar system astronomy]] * [[Timeline of stellar astronomy|Stellar astronomy]] * [[Timeline of telescopes, observatories, and observing technology|Telescopes, observatories, and observing technology]] * [[Timeline of white dwarfs, neutron stars, and supernovae|White dwarfs, neutron stars, and supernovae]] ==See also== {{sisterlinks|Astronomy}} * [[List of astronomical topics]] * [[Astronomer|Astronomers and Astrophysicists]] * [[Astronomical symbols]] * [[Cycles#Astronomical cycles|Astronomical cycles]] * [[Astronomical naming conventions]] * [[Astronomical object]] * [[:Category:Astronomical observatories|Astronomical observatories]] * [[:Category:Astronomy organizations|Astronomy organisations]] * [[Celestial navigation]] * [[Space exploration]] * [[Space science]] * [[Astronomical objects named after people]] === Astronomy tools === * [[Binoculars]] * [[Telescope]] * [[Computers]] * [[Calculator]] * [[Observatory]] * [[Space observatory]] * [[Maksutov telescope]] ==External links== *[http://www.AbsoluteAstronomy.com/ AbsoluteAstronomy.com] *[http://www.nasa.gov/ NASA] *[http://www.astronomy.net.nz Southern Hemisphere Astronomy] *[http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ Astronomy Picture of the Day] *[http://www.newscientistspace.com/home.ns/ New Scientist Space] *[http://www.skyandtelescope.com/ Sky & Telescope] *[http://www.aas.org/ American Astronomical Society] *[http://www.planet-surveyor.com/ Planet Surveyor] *[http://www.UtahSkies.org/ Utah Skies ] Astronomy Information by and for Amateur Astronomers *[http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/8172 ebook History of Astronomy, George Forbes (1849-1936] *[http://www.theamazingsky.com/ The Amazing Sky] *[http://www.space.gs/ Space and Astronautics News] {{Astronomy-footer}} {{Natural sciences-footer}} [[Category:Astronomy| ]] [[af:Sterrekunde]] [[am:ሥነ ፈለክ]] [[ar:فلك]] [[an:Astronomía]] [[ast:Astronomía]] [[ba:Астрономия]] [[bg:Астрономия]] [[bn:জ্যোতির্বিদ্যা]] [[bs:Astronomija]] [[br:Astronomi]] [[ca:Astronomia]] [[cv:Астрономи]] [[co:Astronomia]] [[cs:Astronomie]] [[cy:Seryddiaeth]] [[da:Astronomi]] [[de:Astronomie]] [[et:Astronoomia]] [[el:Αστρονομία]] [[es:Astronomía]] [[eo:Astronomio]] [[eu:Astronomia]] [[fa:ستاره‌شناسی]] [[fr:Astronomie]] [[fy:Stjerrekunde]] [[ga:Réalteolaíocht]] [[gl:Astronomía]] [[gu:ખગોળશાસ્ત્ર]] [[ko:천문학]] [[ht:Astwonomi]] [[hi:खगोल शास्त्र]] [[hr:Astronomija]] [[io:Astronomio]] [[id:Astronomi dan Astrofisika]] [[ia:Astronomia]] [[ie:Astronomie]] [[iu:ᓯᓚᓯᐅᕐᓂᖅ]] [[is:Stjörnufræði]] [[it:Astronomia]] [[he:אסטרונומיה]] [[jv:Astronomi]] [[ka:ასტრონომია]] [[csb:Astronomijô]] [[kw:Astronymyl]] [[ku:Astronomî]] [[lad:Astronomiya]] [[la:Astronomia]] [[lv:Astronomija]] [[lt:Astronomija]] [[lb:Astronomie]] [[li:Sjtarrekónde]] [[jbo:kesyske]] [[hu:Csillagászat]] [[mt:Astronomija]] [[ms:Astronomi]] [[mo:Астрономие ши астрофизикэ]] [[nap:Astronomia]] [[nl:Astronomie]] [[ne:ज्योतिष]] [[nds:Astronomie]] [[ja:天文学]] [[no:Astronomi]] [[nn:Astronomi]] [[oc:Astronomia]] [[pl:Astronomia]] [[pt:Astronomia]] [[pa:ਤਾਰਾ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ]] [[ro:Astronomie]] [[rm:Astronomia]] [[ru:Астрономия]] [[sco:Astronomie]] [[sq:Astronomia]] [[scn:Astronumìa]] [[simple:Astronomy]] [[sk:Astronómia]] [[sl:Astronomija]] [[sr:Астрономија]] [[su:Astronomi]] [[fi:Tähtitiede]] [[sv:Astronomi]] [[tl:Astronomiya]] [[ta:வானியல்]] [[tet:Astronomia]] [[th:ดาราศาสตร์]] [[vi:Thiên văn học]] [[tr:Gökbilim]] [[uk:Астрономія]] [[vo:Stelav]] [[war:Astronomiya]] [[zh:天文学]] [[pam:Astronomia]] 5419 2006-05-23T17:03:59Z Lee 85 :''This article is about the branch of science. For information about the magazine, see ''[[Astronomy (magazine)|Astronomy ''(magazine)'']]. [[Image:USA.NM.VeryLargeArray.02.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Radio telescope]]s are among many different tools used by astronomers]] {{portal}} '''තාරකා විද්‍යාව''' (ඉංග්‍රීසි: Astronomy / ඇස්ට්‍රොනොමි) (ග්‍රීක: αστρονομία = άστρον + νόμος, astronomia / ඇස්ට්‍රොනොමියා = astron + nomos, සරලව ගත් කල, "තාරකා නීතිය") යනු තාරකා, ග්‍රහලෝක, ධූමකේතු (comets), ඌෂාලෝකය (aurora), චක්‍රාවාට (galaxies) සහ අන්තරීක්ෂ පසුබිම් විකිරණය (cosmic background radiation) යනාදී පෘථිවි වායුගෝලයෙන් පරිභාහිර සංසිද්දීන් සහ අභ්‍යවකශ වස්තූන් (celestial objects) පිලිබඳ විද්‍යාවයි. මෙහි ප්‍රධාන කාර්යයන් වන්නේ විශ්වයේ සම්භවය සහ විකාශණය, විශ්ව වස්තූන්ගේ භෞතික සහ රසායනික ගුණයන්ගේ පරිනාමය සහ ඒවායේ චලනයන් යනාදිය ගැන හැදෑරීමයි. මෙහි එන විද්‍යාත්මක නිරීක්ෂණයන් වැදගත් වන්නේ තාරකා විද්‍යාවට පමණක් නොවේ, ඒවා සාමාන්‍ය සාපේක්ෂතා වාදය වැනි භෞතික විද්‍යාත්මක මතවාදයන් සනාථ කරගැනීමට අවශ්‍ය වැදගත් තොරතුරු ද සපයයි. තාරකා විද්‍යාව යනු [[විද්‍යාත්මක ක්‍රමය]] රැගත් ලෝකයේ පැරණිම විද්‍යාවන්ගෙන් එකකි. එය පෞරාණික ග්‍රීක යුගය දක්වා දිවයන අතර දියුණු නිරීක්ෂණ ක්‍රම ඊටත් වඩා ඈත අතීතය කරා දිවයයි. ඓතිහාසික වශයෙන් ගත්කල තාරකා විද්‍යාවේ වැදගත් සොයාගැනීම් රැසකට දායක වී ඇත්තේ ආධුනික තාරකා විද්‍යාඥයන්ය. එසේම අදට ද තාරකා විද්‍යාව යනු ආධුනිකයන්ගේ දායකත්වය නොමසුරුව ලැබිය හැකි "විද්‍යාවන්" අතලොස්සෙන් එකකි. ඒ නව සොයාගැනීම් වලින් සහ කෙටි කාල පරාසයන් තුල සිදුවන සංසිද්දීන් නිරීක්ෂණය කිරිමෙන්ය. නූතන තාරකා විද්‍යාව සහ ජ්‍යෝතීෂ්‍යය යන දෙකෙහිම පදනම සැලකිය යුතු තරමකට සමානය. ග්‍රහ වස්තූන්හි අහසේ පිහිටීම මත යම් පුද්ගලයකුගේ හෝ පොදුවේ මනුෂ්‍ය වර්ගයාගේ දෛවය ප්‍රකාශ කිරීමට ජ්‍යෝතීෂ්‍යය උත්සාහ කරයි. එහෙත් තාරකා විද්‍යාවේ කටයුතු වලදී "විද්‍යාත්මක ක්‍රමය" යන්න භාවිතා වන අතර ජ්‍යෝතිෂ්‍යයේදී එසේ නොවේ. එමනිසා මේ දෙක සම්පූර්ණයෙන්ම වෙනස් ක්ෂේත්‍ර දෙකක් ලෙස සැලකිය යුතුය. ==Divisions== [[Image:Crab Nebula.jpg|thumb|left|A giant [[Hubble]] mosaic of the [[Crab nebula]]]]In [[Babylon]], and ancient Greece, astronomy consisted largely of [[astrometry]], measuring positions of stars and planets in the sky. Later, with the work of [[astronomers]] [[Johannes Kepler|Kepler]] and [[Isaac Newton|Newton]], whose work led to the development of [[celestial mechanics]], the mathematical prediction of the motions of celestial bodies interacting [[gravity|gravitationally]] became the focus of astronomy. This was applied to [[solar system]] objects in particular. Motions and positions of objects are now more easily determined, and modern astronomy is more concerned with observing and understanding the actual physical nature of celestial objects. Since the twentieth century, the field of professional astronomy has split into [[observational astronomy]] and [[theoretical astrophysics]]. Observational astronomy is concerned mostly with acquiring data, which involves building and maintaining instruments and processing the results; this branch is at times referred to as "astrometry" or simply as "astronomy". Theoretical astrophysics is concerned mainly with ascertaining the observational implications of different models, and involves working with computer or analytic models. The fields of study can also be categorized in other ways. Categorization by the region of space under study (for example, Galactic astronomy, Planetary Sciences); by subject, such as star formation or cosmology; or by the method used for obtaining information. ===By subject or problem addressed=== [[Image:dust.devil.mars.arp.750pix.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Planetary astronomy, or Planetary Sciences: a [[dust devil]] on [[Mars (planet)|Mars]]. Photographed by [[Mars Global Surveyor]], the long dark streak is formed by a moving swirling column of [[Atmosphere of Mars|Martian atmosphere]] (with similarities to a terrestrial [[tornado]]). The dust devil itself (the black spot) is climbing the crater wall. The streaks on the right are sand dunes on the crater floor.]] * [[Astrometry]]: the study of the position of the objects in the sky and their changes of the position in the sky. Defines the system of coordinates used and the [[kinematics]] of objects in our galaxy. * [[Astrophysics]]: the study of physics of the universe, including the physical properties ([[luminosity]], [[density]], [[temperature]], [[Chemistry|chemical composition]]) of astronomical objects. * [[Cosmology]]: the study of the origin of the universe and its evolution. The study of cosmology is theoretical astrophysics at its largest scale. * [[Galaxy formation and evolution]]: the study of the formation of the galaxies, and their evolution. * [[Galactic astronomy]]: the study of the structure and components of our galaxy and of other galaxies. * [[Extragalactic astronomy]]: the study of objects (mainly galaxies) outside our galaxy. * [[Stellar astronomy]]: the study of the stars. * [[Stellar evolution]]: the study of the evolution of stars from their formation to their end as a stellar remnant. * [[Star formation]]: the study of the condition and processes that led to the formation of stars in the interior of gas clouds, and the process of formation itself. * [[Planetary Sciences]]: the study of the planets of the [[Solar System]]. * [[Astrobiology]]: the study of the advent and evolution of biological systems in the Universe. Other disciplines that may be considered part of astronomy: * [[Archaeoastronomy]] * [[Astrochemistry]] * [[Astrosociobiology]] See the [[list of astronomical topics]] for a more exhaustive list of astronomy related pages. ===Ways of obtaining information=== :''Main article:'' [[Observational astronomy]]. In astronomy, [[information]] is mainly received from the detection and analysis of light and other forms of [[electromagnetic radiation]]. Other [[cosmic ray]]s are also observed, and several experiments are designed to detect [[gravitational wave]]s in the near future. A traditional division of astronomy is given by the region of the [[electromagnetic spectrum]] observed: * [[Optical astronomy]] is the part of astronomy that uses optical components (mirrors, lenses, [[Charge-coupled device|CCD detectors]] and [[photographic film]]s) to observe [[light]] from near infrared to near ultraviolet wavelengths. [[Visible light astronomy]] (using [[wavelength]]s that can be detected with the eyes, about [[1 E-7 m|400 - 700 nm]]) falls in the middle of this range. The most common tool is the [[telescope]], with [[electronic imager]]s and [[spectrograph]]s. * [[Infrared astronomy]] deals with the detection and analysis of [[infrared]] radiation (wavelengths longer than red light). The most common tool is the telescope but using a detector which is sensitive to the infrared. [[Space telescope]]s are also used to avoid atmospheric thermal emission, atmospheric opacity, and the effects of [[Seeing disk|astronomical seeing]] at infrared and other wavelengths. * [[Radio astronomy]] detects [[radiation]] of millimetre to dekametre wavelength. The [[radio telescope]] receivers are similar to those used in [[radio]] broadcast transmission but much more sensitive. * [[High-energy astronomy]] includes [[X-ray]] astronomy, [[gamma ray]] astronomy, and extreme UV ([[ultraviolet]]) astronomy, as well as studies of [[neutrino]]s and cosmic rays. Optical and radio astronomy can be performed with ground-based [[observatory|observatories]], because the Earth's atmosphere is transparent at the wavelengths being detected. Infrared radiation is heavily absorbed by atmospheric [[water vapour]], so infrared observatories have to be located in high, dry places or in space. The atmosphere is [[opaque]] at the wavelengths of [[X-ray astronomy]], [[gamma-ray astronomy]], [[UV astronomy]] and (except for a few wavelength "windows") [[far infrared astronomy]], so observations must be carried out mostly from [[balloon]]s or [[space observatory|space observatories]]. Powerful gamma rays can, however be detected by the large [[air shower (physics)|air shower]]s they produce, and the study of cosmic rays can also be regarded as a branch of astronomy. ==History of astronomy== [[Image:grav.lens1.arp.750pix.jpg|thumb|right|260px|Extragalactic astronomy: [[gravitational lensing]]. This image shows several blue, loop-shaped objects that are multiple images of the same galaxy, duplicated by the [[gravitational lens]] effect of the cluster of yellow galaxies near the photograph's centre. The lens is produced by the cluster's gravitational field that bends light to magnify and distort the image of a more distant object.]] :''Main article: [[History of astronomy]].'' In early times, astronomy only comprised the observation and predictions of the motions of the naked-eye objects. Aristotle said that the Earth was the centre of the Universe and everything rotated around it in orbits that were perfect circles. Aristotle had to be right because people thought that Earth had to be in the centre with everything rotating around it because the wind would not scatter leaves, and birds would only fly in one direction. For a long time, people thought that Aristotle was right, but it is probable that Aristotle accidentally did more to hinder our knowledge than help it. The [[Hindu]] vedic text, [[Rigveda]] refers to the 27 [[constellations]] associated with the motions of the sun and also the 12 [[Zodiac|zodiacal]] divisions of the sky. The [[Hellenic civilisation|ancient Greeks]] made important contributions to astronomy, among them the definition of the [[apparent magnitude|magnitude]] system. The [[Bible]] contains a number of statements on the position of the earth in the universe and the nature of the stars and planets, most of which are poetic rather than literal; see [[Biblical cosmology]]. In [[500|500 AD]], [[Aryabhata]] presented a mathematical system that described the earth as spinning on its axis and considered the motions of the planets with respect to the sun. East Asia's first astronomical observatory was developed in [[Silla]], one of [[Three Kingdoms of Korea]], under the reign of [[Queen Seondeok of Silla]]. It was termed [[Cheomsongdae]], and is one of the oldest surviving scientific installations on [[Earth]]. It means ''star-gazing tower'' in Korean. Although classical astronomy was one of the seven key subjects taught at [[medieval university|medieval universities]] in [[Europe]], observational astronomy was mostly stagnant in [[Middle Ages|medieval]] Europe until [[XIII century]], when lived astronomers and [[astrology|astrologers]] as [[Johannes de Sacrobosco]], in [[England]], and [[Guido Bonatti]] from [[Forlì]], in [[Italy]]. [[Tycho Brahe]]'s work is very famous, in the 16th Century. However, observational astronomy flourished in the [[Iran|Iranian]] world and other parts of Islamic realm. The late 9th century Persian astronomer [[al-Farghani]] wrote extensively on the motion of celestial bodies. His work was translated into [[Latin]] in the 12th century. In the late 10th century, a huge [[observatory]] was built near [[Tehran]], [[Persian Empire|Persia]] (now [[Iran]]), by the Persian astronomer [[al-Khujandi]], who observed a series of [[meridian (astronomy)|meridian]] [[astronomical transit|transit]]s of the Sun, which allowed him to calculate the [[axial tilt|obliquity]] of the [[ecliptic]]. Also in Persia, [[Omar Khayyám]] performed a reformation of the [[calendar]] that was more accurate than the [[Julian Calendar|Julian]] and came close to the [[Gregorian calendar|Gregorian]]. [[Abraham Zacuto]] was responsible in the 15th century for the adaptations of astronomical theory for the practical needs of Portuguese caravel expeditions. [[Image:Table of Astronomy, Cyclopaedia, Volume 1, p 164.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Table of astronomy, from the 1728 ''[[Cyclopaedia]]''.]] In Europe during the [[Renaissance]], [[Copernicus]] proposed a [[heliocentric model]] of the [[Solar System]]. His work was defended, expanded upon, and corrected by [[Galileo Galilei]] and [[Johannes Kepler]]. Galileo added the innovation of using telescopes to enhance his observations. Kepler was the first to devise a system that described correctly the details of the motion of the planets with the Sun at the centre. However, Kepler did not succeed in formulating a theory behind the laws he wrote down. It was left to [[Sir Isaac Newton|Newton's]] invention of [[celestial dynamics]] and his [[gravity|law of gravitation]] to finally explain the motions of the planets. Newton also developed the [[reflecting telescope]]. Stars were found to be faraway objects. With the advent of [[spectroscopy]] it was proved that they were similar to Earth's own sun, but with a wide range of [[temperature]]s, [[mass]]es, and sizes. The existence of Earth's galaxy, the [[Milky Way]], as a separate group of stars was only proven in the 20th century, along with the existence of "external" galaxies, and soon after, the [[expansion]] of the [[universe]], seen in the recession of most galaxies from us. Modern astronomy has also discovered many exotic objects such as [[quasar]]s, [[pulsar]]s, [[blazar]]s and [[radio galaxy|radio galaxies]], and has used these observations to develop physical theories which describe some of these objects in terms of equally exotic objects such as [[black hole]]s and [[neutron star]]s. [[Physical cosmology]] made huge advances during the 20th century, with the model of the [[Big Bang]] heavily supported by the evidence provided by astronomy and physics, such as the [[cosmic microwave background radiation]], [[Hubble's Law]], and [[Big Bang nucleosynthesis|cosmological abundances of elements]]. ==Timelines in astronomy== [[Image:ant.nebula.arp.600pix.jpg|thumb|right|260px|Stellar astronomy, Stellar Evolution: The [[Mz3|Ant planetary nebula]]. Ejecting gas from the dying centre star shows symmetrical patterns unlike the chaotic patterns of ordinary explosions.]] * [[Timeline of artificial satellites and space probes|Artificial satellites and space probes]] * [[Timeline of astronomical maps, catalogues, and surveys|Astronomical maps, catalogues, and surveys]] * [[Timeline of the Big Bang|Big Bang]] * [[Timeline of black hole physics|Black hole physics]] * [[Timeline of cosmic microwave background astronomy|Cosmic microwave background astronomy]] * [[Timeline of cosmology|Cosmology]] * [[Timeline of galaxies, clusters of galaxies, and large scale structure|Galaxies, clusters of galaxies, and large scale structure]] * [[Timeline of the interstellar medium and intergalactic medium|Interstellar medium and intergalactic medium]] * [[Timeline of natural satellites|Natural satellites]] * [[Timeline of other background radiation fields|Other background radiation fields]] * [[Timeline of solar astronomy|Solar astronomy]] * [[Timeline of solar system astronomy|Solar system astronomy]] * [[Timeline of stellar astronomy|Stellar astronomy]] * [[Timeline of telescopes, observatories, and observing technology|Telescopes, observatories, and observing technology]] * [[Timeline of white dwarfs, neutron stars, and supernovae|White dwarfs, neutron stars, and supernovae]] ==See also== {{sisterlinks|Astronomy}} * [[List of astronomical topics]] * [[Astronomer|Astronomers and Astrophysicists]] * [[Astronomical symbols]] * [[Cycles#Astronomical cycles|Astronomical cycles]] * [[Astronomical naming conventions]] * [[Astronomical object]] * [[:Category:Astronomical observatories|Astronomical observatories]] * [[:Category:Astronomy organizations|Astronomy organisations]] * [[Celestial navigation]] * [[Space exploration]] * [[Space science]] * [[Astronomical objects named after people]] === Astronomy tools === * [[Binoculars]] * [[Telescope]] * [[Computers]] * [[Calculator]] * [[Observatory]] * [[Space observatory]] * [[Maksutov telescope]] ==External links== *[http://www.AbsoluteAstronomy.com/ AbsoluteAstronomy.com] *[http://www.nasa.gov/ NASA] *[http://www.astronomy.net.nz Southern Hemisphere Astronomy] *[http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ Astronomy Picture of the Day] *[http://www.newscientistspace.com/home.ns/ New Scientist Space] *[http://www.skyandtelescope.com/ Sky & Telescope] *[http://www.aas.org/ American Astronomical Society] *[http://www.planet-surveyor.com/ Planet Surveyor] *[http://www.UtahSkies.org/ Utah Skies ] Astronomy Information by and for Amateur Astronomers *[http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/8172 ebook History of Astronomy, George Forbes (1849-1936] *[http://www.theamazingsky.com/ The Amazing Sky] *[http://www.space.gs/ Space and Astronautics News] {{Astronomy-footer}} {{Natural sciences-footer}} [[Category:Astronomy| ]] [[af:Sterrekunde]] [[am:ሥነ ፈለክ]] [[ar:فلك]] [[an:Astronomía]] [[ast:Astronomía]] [[ba:Астрономия]] [[bg:Астрономия]] [[bn:জ্যোতির্বিদ্যা]] [[bs:Astronomija]] [[br:Astronomi]] [[ca:Astronomia]] [[cv:Астрономи]] [[co:Astronomia]] [[cs:Astronomie]] [[cy:Seryddiaeth]] [[da:Astronomi]] [[de:Astronomie]] [[et:Astronoomia]] [[el:Αστρονομία]] [[en:Astronomy]] [[es:Astronomía]] [[eo:Astronomio]] [[eu:Astronomia]] [[fa:ستاره‌شناسی]] [[fr:Astronomie]] [[fy:Stjerrekunde]] [[ga:Réalteolaíocht]] [[gl:Astronomía]] [[gu:ખગોળશાસ્ત્ર]] [[ko:천문학]] [[ht:Astwonomi]] [[hi:खगोल शास्त्र]] [[hr:Astronomija]] [[io:Astronomio]] [[id:Astronomi dan Astrofisika]] [[ia:Astronomia]] [[ie:Astronomie]] [[iu:ᓯᓚᓯᐅᕐᓂᖅ]] [[is:Stjörnufræði]] [[it:Astronomia]] [[he:אסטרונומיה]] [[jv:Astronomi]] [[ka:ასტრონომია]] [[csb:Astronomijô]] [[kw:Astronymyl]] [[ku:Astronomî]] [[lad:Astronomiya]] [[la:Astronomia]] [[lv:Astronomija]] [[lt:Astronomija]] [[lb:Astronomie]] [[li:Sjtarrekónde]] [[jbo:kesyske]] [[hu:Csillagászat]] [[mt:Astronomija]] [[ms:Astronomi]] [[mo:Астрономие ши астрофизикэ]] [[nap:Astronomia]] [[nl:Astronomie]] [[ne:ज्योतिष]] [[nds:Astronomie]] [[ja:天文学]] [[no:Astronomi]] [[nn:Astronomi]] [[oc:Astronomia]] [[pl:Astronomia]] [[pt:Astronomia]] [[pa:ਤਾਰਾ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ]] [[ro:Astronomie]] [[rm:Astronomia]] [[ru:Астрономия]] [[sco:Astronomie]] [[sq:Astronomia]] [[scn:Astronumìa]] [[simple:Astronomy]] [[sk:Astronómia]] [[sl:Astronomija]] [[sr:Астрономија]] [[su:Astronomi]] [[fi:Tähtitiede]] [[sv:Astronomi]] [[tl:Astronomiya]] [[ta:வானியல்]] [[tet:Astronomia]] [[th:ดาราศาสตร์]] [[vi:Thiên văn học]] [[tr:Gökbilim]] [[uk:Астрономія]] [[vo:Stelav]] [[war:Astronomiya]] [[zh:天文学]] [[pam:Astronomia]] 5675 2006-06-24T08:41:47Z Lee 85 :''This article is about the branch of science. For information about the magazine, see ''[[Astronomy (magazine)|Astronomy ''(magazine)'']]. [[Image:USA.NM.VeryLargeArray.02.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Radio telescope]]s are among many different tools used by astronomers]] {{portal}} '''තාරකා විද්‍යාව''' (ඉංග්‍රීසි: Astronomy / ඇස්ට්‍රොනොමි) (ග්‍රීක: αστρονομία = άστρον + νόμος, astronomia / ඇස්ට්‍රොනොමියා = astron + nomos, සරලව ගත් කල, "තාරකා නීතිය") යනු තාරකා, ග්‍රහලෝක, ධූමකේතු (comets), ඌෂාලෝකය (aurora), චක්‍රාවාට (galaxies) සහ අන්තරීක්ෂ පසුබිම් විකිරණය (cosmic background radiation) යනාදී පෘථිවි වායුගෝලයෙන් පරිභාහිර සංසිද්දීන් සහ අභ්‍යවකශ වස්තූන් (celestial objects) පිලිබඳ විද්‍යාවයි. මෙහි ප්‍රධාන කාර්යයන් වන්නේ විශ්වයේ සම්භවය සහ විකාශණය, විශ්ව වස්තූන්ගේ භෞතික සහ රසායනික ගුණයන්ගේ පරිනාමය සහ ඒවායේ චලනයන් යනාදිය ගැන හැදෑරීමයි. මෙහි එන විද්‍යාත්මක නිරීක්ෂණයන් වැදගත් වන්නේ තාරකා විද්‍යාවට පමණක් නොවේ, ඒවා සාමාන්‍ය සාපේක්ෂතා වාදය වැනි භෞතික විද්‍යාත්මක මතවාදයන් සනාථ කරගැනීමට අවශ්‍ය වැදගත් තොරතුරු ද සපයයි. තාරකා විද්‍යාව යනු [[විද්‍යාත්මක ක්‍රමය]] රැගත් ලෝකයේ පැරණිම විද්‍යාවන්ගෙන් එකකි. එය පෞරාණික ග්‍රීක යුගය දක්වා දිවයන අතර දියුණු නිරීක්ෂණ ක්‍රම ඊටත් වඩා ඈත අතීතය කරා දිවයයි. ඓතිහාසික වශයෙන් ගත්කල තාරකා විද්‍යාවේ වැදගත් සොයාගැනීම් රැසකට දායක වී ඇත්තේ ආධුනික තාරකා විද්‍යාඥයන්ය. එසේම අදට ද තාරකා විද්‍යාව යනු ආධුනිකයන්ගේ දායකත්වය නොමසුරුව ලැබිය හැකි "විද්‍යාවන්" අතලොස්සෙන් එකකි. ඒ නව සොයාගැනීම් වලින් සහ කෙටි කාල පරාසයන් තුල සිදුවන සංසිද්දීන් නිරීක්ෂණය කිරිමෙන්ය. නූතන තාරකා විද්‍යාව සහ ජ්‍යෝතීෂ්‍යය යන දෙකෙහිම පදනම සැලකිය යුතු තරමකට සමානය. ග්‍රහ වස්තූන්හි අහසේ පිහිටීම මත යම් පුද්ගලයකුගේ හෝ පොදුවේ මනුෂ්‍ය වර්ගයාගේ දෛවය ප්‍රකාශ කිරීමට ජ්‍යෝතීෂ්‍යය උත්සාහ කරයි. එහෙත් තාරකා විද්‍යාවේ කටයුතු වලදී "විද්‍යාත්මක ක්‍රමය" යන්න භාවිතා වන අතර ජ්‍යෝතිෂ්‍යයේදී එසේ නොවේ. එමනිසා මේ දෙක සම්පූර්ණයෙන්ම වෙනස් ක්ෂේත්‍ර දෙකක් ලෙස සැලකිය යුතුය. ==Divisions== [[Image:Crab Nebula.jpg|thumb|left|A giant [[Hubble]] mosaic of the [[Crab nebula]]]]In [[Babylon]], and ancient Greece, astronomy consisted largely of [[astrometry]], measuring positions of stars and planets in the sky. Later, with the work of [[astronomers]] [[Johannes Kepler|Kepler]] and [[Isaac Newton|Newton]], whose work led to the development of [[celestial mechanics]], the mathematical prediction of the motions of celestial bodies interacting [[gravity|gravitationally]] became the focus of astronomy. This was applied to [[solar system]] objects in particular. Motions and positions of objects are now more easily determined, and modern astronomy is more concerned with observing and understanding the actual physical nature of celestial objects. Since the twentieth century, the field of professional astronomy has split into [[observational astronomy]] and [[theoretical astrophysics]]. Observational astronomy is concerned mostly with acquiring data, which involves building and maintaining instruments and processing the results; this branch is at times referred to as "astrometry" or simply as "astronomy". Theoretical astrophysics is concerned mainly with ascertaining the observational implications of different models, and involves working with computer or analytic models. The fields of study can also be categorized in other ways. Categorization by the region of space under study (for example, Galactic astronomy, Planetary Sciences); by subject, such as star formation or cosmology; or by the method used for obtaining information. ===By subject or problem addressed=== [[Image:dust.devil.mars.arp.750pix.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Planetary astronomy, or Planetary Sciences: a [[dust devil]] on [[Mars (planet)|Mars]]. Photographed by [[Mars Global Surveyor]], the long dark streak is formed by a moving swirling column of [[Atmosphere of Mars|Martian atmosphere]] (with similarities to a terrestrial [[tornado]]). The dust devil itself (the black spot) is climbing the crater wall. The streaks on the right are sand dunes on the crater floor.]] * [[Astrometry]]: the study of the position of the objects in the sky and their changes of the position in the sky. Defines the system of coordinates used and the [[kinematics]] of objects in our galaxy. * [[Astrophysics]]: the study of physics of the universe, including the physical properties ([[luminosity]], [[density]], [[temperature]], [[Chemistry|chemical composition]]) of astronomical objects. * [[Cosmology]]: the study of the origin of the universe and its evolution. The study of cosmology is theoretical astrophysics at its largest scale. * [[Galaxy formation and evolution]]: the study of the formation of the galaxies, and their evolution. * [[Galactic astronomy]]: the study of the structure and components of our galaxy and of other galaxies. * [[Extragalactic astronomy]]: the study of objects (mainly galaxies) outside our galaxy. * [[Stellar astronomy]]: the study of the stars. * [[Stellar evolution]]: the study of the evolution of stars from their formation to their end as a stellar remnant. * [[Star formation]]: the study of the condition and processes that led to the formation of stars in the interior of gas clouds, and the process of formation itself. * [[Planetary Sciences]]: the study of the planets of the [[Solar System]]. * [[Astrobiology]]: the study of the advent and evolution of biological systems in the Universe. Other disciplines that may be considered part of astronomy: * [[Archaeoastronomy]] * [[Astrochemistry]] * [[Astrosociobiology]] See the [[list of astronomical topics]] for a more exhaustive list of astronomy related pages. ===Ways of obtaining information=== :''Main article:'' [[Observational astronomy]]. In astronomy, [[information]] is mainly received from the detection and analysis of light and other forms of [[electromagnetic radiation]]. Other [[cosmic ray]]s are also observed, and several experiments are designed to detect [[gravitational wave]]s in the near future. A traditional division of astronomy is given by the region of the [[electromagnetic spectrum]] observed: * [[Optical astronomy]] is the part of astronomy that uses optical components (mirrors, lenses, [[Charge-coupled device|CCD detectors]] and [[photographic film]]s) to observe [[light]] from near infrared to near ultraviolet wavelengths. [[Visible light astronomy]] (using [[wavelength]]s that can be detected with the eyes, about [[1 E-7 m|400 - 700 nm]]) falls in the middle of this range. The most common tool is the [[telescope]], with [[electronic imager]]s and [[spectrograph]]s. * [[Infrared astronomy]] deals with the detection and analysis of [[infrared]] radiation (wavelengths longer than red light). The most common tool is the telescope but using a detector which is sensitive to the infrared. [[Space telescope]]s are also used to avoid atmospheric thermal emission, atmospheric opacity, and the effects of [[Seeing disk|astronomical seeing]] at infrared and other wavelengths. * [[Radio astronomy]] detects [[radiation]] of millimetre to dekametre wavelength. The [[radio telescope]] receivers are similar to those used in [[radio]] broadcast transmission but much more sensitive. * [[High-energy astronomy]] includes [[X-ray]] astronomy, [[gamma ray]] astronomy, and extreme UV ([[ultraviolet]]) astronomy, as well as studies of [[neutrino]]s and cosmic rays. Optical and radio astronomy can be performed with ground-based [[observatory|observatories]], because the Earth's atmosphere is transparent at the wavelengths being detected. Infrared radiation is heavily absorbed by atmospheric [[water vapour]], so infrared observatories have to be located in high, dry places or in space. The atmosphere is [[opaque]] at the wavelengths of [[X-ray astronomy]], [[gamma-ray astronomy]], [[UV astronomy]] and (except for a few wavelength "windows") [[far infrared astronomy]], so observations must be carried out mostly from [[balloon]]s or [[space observatory|space observatories]]. Powerful gamma rays can, however be detected by the large [[air shower (physics)|air shower]]s they produce, and the study of cosmic rays can also be regarded as a branch of astronomy. ==History of astronomy== [[Image:grav.lens1.arp.750pix.jpg|thumb|right|260px|Extragalactic astronomy: [[gravitational lensing]]. This image shows several blue, loop-shaped objects that are multiple images of the same galaxy, duplicated by the [[gravitational lens]] effect of the cluster of yellow galaxies near the photograph's centre. The lens is produced by the cluster's gravitational field that bends light to magnify and distort the image of a more distant object.]] :''Main article: [[History of astronomy]].'' In early times, astronomy only comprised the observation and predictions of the motions of the naked-eye objects. Aristotle said that the Earth was the centre of the Universe and everything rotated around it in orbits that were perfect circles. Aristotle had to be right because people thought that Earth had to be in the centre with everything rotating around it because the wind would not scatter leaves, and birds would only fly in one direction. For a long time, people thought that Aristotle was right, but it is probable that Aristotle accidentally did more to hinder our knowledge than help it. The [[Hindu]] vedic text, [[Rigveda]] refers to the 27 [[constellations]] associated with the motions of the sun and also the 12 [[Zodiac|zodiacal]] divisions of the sky. The [[Hellenic civilisation|ancient Greeks]] made important contributions to astronomy, among them the definition of the [[apparent magnitude|magnitude]] system. The [[Bible]] contains a number of statements on the position of the earth in the universe and the nature of the stars and planets, most of which are poetic rather than literal; see [[Biblical cosmology]]. In [[500|500 AD]], [[Aryabhata]] presented a mathematical system that described the earth as spinning on its axis and considered the motions of the planets with respect to the sun. East Asia's first astronomical observatory was developed in [[Silla]], one of [[Three Kingdoms of Korea]], under the reign of [[Queen Seondeok of Silla]]. It was termed [[Cheomsongdae]], and is one of the oldest surviving scientific installations on [[Earth]]. It means ''star-gazing tower'' in Korean. Although classical astronomy was one of the seven key subjects taught at [[medieval university|medieval universities]] in [[Europe]], observational astronomy was mostly stagnant in [[Middle Ages|medieval]] Europe until [[XIII century]], when lived astronomers and [[astrology|astrologers]] as [[Johannes de Sacrobosco]], in [[England]], and [[Guido Bonatti]] from [[Forlì]], in [[Italy]]. [[Tycho Brahe]]'s work is very famous, in the 16th Century. However, observational astronomy flourished in the [[Iran|Iranian]] world and other parts of Islamic realm. The late 9th century Persian astronomer [[al-Farghani]] wrote extensively on the motion of celestial bodies. His work was translated into [[Latin]] in the 12th century. In the late 10th century, a huge [[observatory]] was built near [[Tehran]], [[Persian Empire|Persia]] (now [[Iran]]), by the Persian astronomer [[al-Khujandi]], who observed a series of [[meridian (astronomy)|meridian]] [[astronomical transit|transit]]s of the Sun, which allowed him to calculate the [[axial tilt|obliquity]] of the [[ecliptic]]. Also in Persia, [[Omar Khayyám]] performed a reformation of the [[calendar]] that was more accurate than the [[Julian Calendar|Julian]] and came close to the [[Gregorian calendar|Gregorian]]. [[Abraham Zacuto]] was responsible in the 15th century for the adaptations of astronomical theory for the practical needs of Portuguese caravel expeditions. [[Image:Table of Astronomy, Cyclopaedia, Volume 1, p 164.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Table of astronomy, from the 1728 ''[[Cyclopaedia]]''.]] In Europe during the [[Renaissance]], [[Copernicus]] proposed a [[heliocentric model]] of the [[Solar System]]. His work was defended, expanded upon, and corrected by [[Galileo Galilei]] and [[Johannes Kepler]]. Galileo added the innovation of using telescopes to enhance his observations. Kepler was the first to devise a system that described correctly the details of the motion of the planets with the Sun at the centre. However, Kepler did not succeed in formulating a theory behind the laws he wrote down. It was left to [[Sir Isaac Newton|Newton's]] invention of [[celestial dynamics]] and his [[gravity|law of gravitation]] to finally explain the motions of the planets. Newton also developed the [[reflecting telescope]]. Stars were found to be faraway objects. With the advent of [[spectroscopy]] it was proved that they were similar to Earth's own sun, but with a wide range of [[temperature]]s, [[mass]]es, and sizes. The existence of Earth's galaxy, the [[Milky Way]], as a separate group of stars was only proven in the 20th century, along with the existence of "external" galaxies, and soon after, the [[expansion]] of the [[universe]], seen in the recession of most galaxies from us. Modern astronomy has also discovered many exotic objects such as [[quasar]]s, [[pulsar]]s, [[blazar]]s and [[radio galaxy|radio galaxies]], and has used these observations to develop physical theories which describe some of these objects in terms of equally exotic objects such as [[black hole]]s and [[neutron star]]s. [[Physical cosmology]] made huge advances during the 20th century, with the model of the [[Big Bang]] heavily supported by the evidence provided by astronomy and physics, such as the [[cosmic microwave background radiation]], [[Hubble's Law]], and [[Big Bang nucleosynthesis|cosmological abundances of elements]]. ==Timelines in astronomy== [[Image:ant.nebula.arp.600pix.jpg|thumb|right|260px|Stellar astronomy, Stellar Evolution: The [[Mz3|Ant planetary nebula]]. Ejecting gas from the dying centre star shows symmetrical patterns unlike the chaotic patterns of ordinary explosions.]] * [[Timeline of artificial satellites and space probes|Artificial satellites and space probes]] * [[Timeline of astronomical maps, catalogues, and surveys|Astronomical maps, catalogues, and surveys]] * [[Timeline of the Big Bang|Big Bang]] * [[Timeline of black hole physics|Black hole physics]] * [[Timeline of cosmic microwave background astronomy|Cosmic microwave background astronomy]] * [[Timeline of cosmology|Cosmology]] * [[Timeline of galaxies, clusters of galaxies, and large scale structure|Galaxies, clusters of galaxies, and large scale structure]] * [[Timeline of the interstellar medium and intergalactic medium|Interstellar medium and intergalactic medium]] * [[Timeline of natural satellites|Natural satellites]] * [[Timeline of other background radiation fields|Other background radiation fields]] * [[Timeline of solar astronomy|Solar astronomy]] * [[Timeline of solar system astronomy|Solar system astronomy]] * [[Timeline of stellar astronomy|Stellar astronomy]] * [[Timeline of telescopes, observatories, and observing technology|Telescopes, observatories, and observing technology]] * [[Timeline of white dwarfs, neutron stars, and supernovae|White dwarfs, neutron stars, and supernovae]] ==See also== {{sisterlinks|Astronomy}} * [[List of astronomical topics]] * [[Astronomer|Astronomers and Astrophysicists]] * [[Astronomical symbols]] * [[Cycles#Astronomical cycles|Astronomical cycles]] * [[Astronomical naming conventions]] * [[Astronomical object]] * [[:Category:Astronomical observatories|Astronomical observatories]] * [[:Category:Astronomy organizations|Astronomy organisations]] * [[Celestial navigation]] * [[Space exploration]] * [[Space science]] * [[Astronomical objects named after people]] === Astronomy tools === * [[Binoculars]] * [[Telescope]] * [[Computers]] * [[Calculator]] * [[Observatory]] * [[Space observatory]] * [[Maksutov telescope]] ==External links== *[http://www.AbsoluteAstronomy.com/ AbsoluteAstronomy.com] *[http://www.nasa.gov/ NASA] *[http://www.astronomy.net.nz Southern Hemisphere Astronomy] *[http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ Astronomy Picture of the Day] *[http://www.newscientistspace.com/home.ns/ New Scientist Space] *[http://www.skyandtelescope.com/ Sky & Telescope] *[http://www.aas.org/ American Astronomical Society] *[http://www.planet-surveyor.com/ Planet Surveyor] *[http://www.UtahSkies.org/ Utah Skies ] Astronomy Information by and for Amateur Astronomers *[http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/8172 ebook History of Astronomy, George Forbes (1849-1936] *[http://www.theamazingsky.com/ The Amazing Sky] *[http://www.space.gs/ Space and Astronautics News] {{Astronomy-footer}} {{Natural sciences-footer}} [[Category:තාරකා විද්‍යාව| ]] [[af:Sterrekunde]] [[am:ሥነ ፈለክ]] [[ar:فلك]] [[an:Astronomía]] [[ast:Astronomía]] [[ba:Астрономия]] [[bg:Астрономия]] [[bn:জ্যোতির্বিদ্যা]] [[bs:Astronomija]] [[br:Astronomi]] [[ca:Astronomia]] [[cv:Астрономи]] [[co:Astronomia]] [[cs:Astronomie]] [[cy:Seryddiaeth]] [[da:Astronomi]] [[de:Astronomie]] [[et:Astronoomia]] [[el:Αστρονομία]] [[en:Astronomy]] [[es:Astronomía]] [[eo:Astronomio]] [[eu:Astronomia]] [[fa:ستاره‌شناسی]] [[fr:Astronomie]] [[fy:Stjerrekunde]] [[ga:Réalteolaíocht]] [[gl:Astronomía]] [[gu:ખગોળશાસ્ત્ર]] [[ko:천문학]] [[ht:Astwonomi]] [[hi:खगोल शास्त्र]] [[hr:Astronomija]] [[io:Astronomio]] [[id:Astronomi dan Astrofisika]] [[ia:Astronomia]] [[ie:Astronomie]] [[iu:ᓯᓚᓯᐅᕐᓂᖅ]] [[is:Stjörnufræði]] [[it:Astronomia]] [[he:אסטרונומיה]] [[jv:Astronomi]] [[ka:ასტრონომია]] [[csb:Astronomijô]] [[kw:Astronymyl]] [[ku:Astronomî]] [[lad:Astronomiya]] [[la:Astronomia]] [[lv:Astronomija]] [[lt:Astronomija]] [[lb:Astronomie]] [[li:Sjtarrekónde]] [[jbo:kesyske]] [[hu:Csillagászat]] [[mt:Astronomija]] [[ms:Astronomi]] [[mo:Астрономие ши астрофизикэ]] [[nap:Astronomia]] [[nl:Astronomie]] [[ne:ज्योतिष]] [[nds:Astronomie]] [[ja:天文学]] [[no:Astronomi]] [[nn:Astronomi]] [[oc:Astronomia]] [[pl:Astronomia]] [[pt:Astronomia]] [[pa:ਤਾਰਾ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ]] [[ro:Astronomie]] [[rm:Astronomia]] [[ru:Астрономия]] [[sco:Astronomie]] [[sq:Astronomia]] [[scn:Astronumìa]] [[simple:Astronomy]] [[sk:Astronómia]] [[sl:Astronomija]] [[sr:Астрономија]] [[su:Astronomi]] [[fi:Tähtitiede]] [[sv:Astronomi]] [[tl:Astronomiya]] [[ta:வானியல்]] [[tet:Astronomia]] [[th:ดาราศาสตร์]] [[vi:Thiên văn học]] [[tr:Gökbilim]] [[uk:Астрономія]] [[vo:Stelav]] [[war:Astronomiya]] [[zh:天文学]] [[pam:Astronomia]] 5931 2006-07-02T20:05:21Z Ruwan 82 තාරකා විද්‍යාව :''This article is about the branch of science. For information about the magazine, see ''[[Astronomy (magazine)|Astronomy ''(magazine)'']]. [[Image:USA.NM.VeryLargeArray.02.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Radio telescope]]s are among many different tools used by astronomers]] {{portal}} '''තාරකා විද්‍යාව''' (ඉංග්‍රීසි: Astronomy / ඇස්ට්‍රොනොමි) (ග්‍රීක: αστρονομία = άστρον + νόμος, astronomia / ඇස්ට්‍රොනොමියා = astron + nomos, සරලව ගත් කල, "තාරකා නීතිය") යනු තාරකා, ග්‍රහලෝක, ධූමකේතු (comets), ඌෂාලෝකය (aurora), චක්‍රාවාට (galaxies) සහ අන්තරීක්ෂ පසුබිම් විකිරණය (cosmic background radiation) යනාදී පෘථිවි වායුගෝලයෙන් පරිභාහිර සංසිද්දීන් සහ අභ්‍යවකශ වස්තූන් (celestial objects) පිලිබඳ විද්‍යාවයි. මෙහි ප්‍රධාන කාර්යයන් වන්නේ විශ්වයේ සම්භවය සහ විකාශණය, විශ්ව වස්තූන්ගේ භෞතික සහ රසායනික ගුණයන්ගේ පරිනාමය සහ ඒවායේ චලනයන් යනාදිය ගැන හැදෑරීමයි. මෙහි එන විද්‍යාත්මක නිරීක්ෂණයන් වැදගත් වන්නේ තාරකා විද්‍යාවට පමණක් නොවේ, ඒවා සාමාන්‍ය සාපේක්ෂතා වාදය වැනි භෞතික විද්‍යාත්මක මතවාදයන් සනාථ කරගැනීමට අවශ්‍ය වැදගත් තොරතුරු ද සපයයි. තාරකා විද්‍යාව යනු [[විද්‍යාත්මක ක්‍රමය]] රැගත් ලෝකයේ පැරණිම විද්‍යාවන්ගෙන් එකකි. එය පෞරාණික ග්‍රීක යුගය දක්වා දිවයන අතර දියුණු නිරීක්ෂණ ක්‍රම ඊටත් වඩා ඈත අතීතය කරා දිවයයි. ඓතිහාසික වශයෙන් ගත්කල තාරකා විද්‍යාවේ වැදගත් සොයාගැනීම් රැසකට දායක වී ඇත්තේ ආධුනික තාරකා විද්‍යාඥයන්ය. එසේම අදට ද තාරකා විද්‍යාව යනු ආධුනිකයන්ගේ දායකත්වය නොමසුරුව ලැබිය හැකි "විද්‍යාවන්" අතලොස්සෙන් එකකි. ඒ නව සොයාගැනීම් වලින් සහ කෙටි කාල පරාසයන් තුල සිදුවන සංසිද්දීන් නිරීක්ෂණය කිරිමෙන්ය. නූතන තාරකා විද්‍යාව සහ ජ්‍යෝතීෂ්‍යය යන දෙකෙහිම පදනම සැලකිය යුතු තරමකට සමානය. ග්‍රහ වස්තූන්හි අහසේ පිහිටීම මත යම් පුද්ගලයකුගේ හෝ පොදුවේ මනුෂ්‍ය වර්ගයාගේ දෛවය ප්‍රකාශ කිරීමට ජ්‍යෝතීෂ්‍යය උත්සාහ කරයි. එහෙත් තාරකා විද්‍යාවේ කටයුතු වලදී "විද්‍යාත්මක ක්‍රමය" යන්න භාවිතා වන අතර ජ්‍යෝතිෂ්‍යයේදී එසේ නොවේ. එමනිසා මේ දෙක සම්පූර්ණයෙන්ම වෙනස් ක්ෂේත්‍ර දෙකක් ලෙස සැලකිය යුතුය. ==Divisions== [[Image:Crab Nebula.jpg|thumb|left|A giant [[Hubble]] mosaic of the [[Crab nebula]]]]In [[Babylon]], and ancient Greece, astronomy consisted largely of [[astrometry]], measuring positions of stars and planets in the sky. Later, with the work of [[astronomers]] [[Johannes Kepler|Kepler]] and [[Isaac Newton|Newton]], whose work led to the development of [[celestial mechanics]], the mathematical prediction of the motions of celestial bodies interacting [[gravity|gravitationally]] became the focus of astronomy. This was applied to [[solar system]] objects in particular. Motions and positions of objects are now more easily determined, and modern astronomy is more concerned with observing and understanding the actual physical nature of celestial objects. Since the twentieth century, the field of professional astronomy has split into [[observational astronomy]] and [[theoretical astrophysics]]. Observational astronomy is concerned mostly with acquiring data, which involves building and maintaining instruments and processing the results; this branch is at times referred to as "astrometry" or simply as "astronomy". Theoretical astrophysics is concerned mainly with ascertaining the observational implications of different models, and involves working with computer or analytic models. The fields of study can also be categorized in other ways. Categorization by the region of space under study (for example, Galactic astronomy, Planetary Sciences); by subject, such as star formation or cosmology; or by the method used for obtaining information. ===By subject or problem addressed=== [[Image:dust.devil.mars.arp.750pix.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Planetary astronomy, or Planetary Sciences: a [[dust devil]] on [[Mars (planet)|Mars]]. Photographed by [[Mars Global Surveyor]], the long dark streak is formed by a moving swirling column of [[Atmosphere of Mars|Martian atmosphere]] (with similarities to a terrestrial [[tornado]]). The dust devil itself (the black spot) is climbing the crater wall. The streaks on the right are sand dunes on the crater floor.]] * [[Astrometry]]: the study of the position of the objects in the sky and their changes of the position in the sky. Defines the system of coordinates used and the [[kinematics]] of objects in our galaxy. * [[Astrophysics]]: the study of physics of the universe, including the physical properties ([[luminosity]], [[density]], [[temperature]], [[Chemistry|chemical composition]]) of astronomical objects. * [[Cosmology]]: the study of the origin of the universe and its evolution. The study of cosmology is theoretical astrophysics at its largest scale. * [[Galaxy formation and evolution]]: the study of the formation of the galaxies, and their evolution. * [[Galactic astronomy]]: the study of the structure and components of our galaxy and of other galaxies. * [[Extragalactic astronomy]]: the study of objects (mainly galaxies) outside our galaxy. * [[Stellar astronomy]]: the study of the stars. * [[Stellar evolution]]: the study of the evolution of stars from their formation to their end as a stellar remnant. * [[Star formation]]: the study of the condition and processes that led to the formation of stars in the interior of gas clouds, and the process of formation itself. * [[Planetary Sciences]]: the study of the planets of the [[Solar System]]. * [[Astrobiology]]: the study of the advent and evolution of biological systems in the Universe. Other disciplines that may be considered part of astronomy: * [[Archaeoastronomy]] * [[Astrochemistry]] * [[Astrosociobiology]] See the [[list of astronomical topics]] for a more exhaustive list of astronomy related pages. ===Ways of obtaining information=== :''Main article:'' [[Observational astronomy]]. In astronomy, [[information]] is mainly received from the detection and analysis of light and other forms of [[electromagnetic radiation]]. Other [[cosmic ray]]s are also observed, and several experiments are designed to detect [[gravitational wave]]s in the near future. A traditional division of astronomy is given by the region of the [[electromagnetic spectrum]] observed: * [[Optical astronomy]] is the part of astronomy that uses optical components (mirrors, lenses, [[Charge-coupled device|CCD detectors]] and [[photographic film]]s) to observe [[light]] from near infrared to near ultraviolet wavelengths. [[Visible light astronomy]] (using [[wavelength]]s that can be detected with the eyes, about [[1 E-7 m|400 - 700 nm]]) falls in the middle of this range. The most common tool is the [[telescope]], with [[electronic imager]]s and [[spectrograph]]s. * [[Infrared astronomy]] deals with the detection and analysis of [[infrared]] radiation (wavelengths longer than red light). The most common tool is the telescope but using a detector which is sensitive to the infrared. [[Space telescope]]s are also used to avoid atmospheric thermal emission, atmospheric opacity, and the effects of [[Seeing disk|astronomical seeing]] at infrared and other wavelengths. * [[Radio astronomy]] detects [[radiation]] of millimetre to dekametre wavelength. The [[radio telescope]] receivers are similar to those used in [[radio]] broadcast transmission but much more sensitive. * [[High-energy astronomy]] includes [[X-ray]] astronomy, [[gamma ray]] astronomy, and extreme UV ([[ultraviolet]]) astronomy, as well as studies of [[neutrino]]s and cosmic rays. Optical and radio astronomy can be performed with ground-based [[observatory|observatories]], because the Earth's atmosphere is transparent at the wavelengths being detected. Infrared radiation is heavily absorbed by atmospheric [[water vapour]], so infrared observatories have to be located in high, dry places or in space. The atmosphere is [[opaque]] at the wavelengths of [[X-ray astronomy]], [[gamma-ray astronomy]], [[UV astronomy]] and (except for a few wavelength "windows") [[far infrared astronomy]], so observations must be carried out mostly from [[balloon]]s or [[space observatory|space observatories]]. Powerful gamma rays can, however be detected by the large [[air shower (physics)|air shower]]s they produce, and the study of cosmic rays can also be regarded as a branch of astronomy. ==History of astronomy== [[Image:grav.lens1.arp.750pix.jpg|thumb|right|260px|Extragalactic astronomy: [[gravitational lensing]]. This image shows several blue, loop-shaped objects that are multiple images of the same galaxy, duplicated by the [[gravitational lens]] effect of the cluster of yellow galaxies near the photograph's centre. The lens is produced by the cluster's gravitational field that bends light to magnify and distort the image of a more distant object.]] :''Main article: [[History of astronomy]].'' In early times, astronomy only comprised the observation and predictions of the motions of the naked-eye objects. Aristotle said that the Earth was the centre of the Universe and everything rotated around it in orbits that were perfect circles. Aristotle had to be right because people thought that Earth had to be in the centre with everything rotating around it because the wind would not scatter leaves, and birds would only fly in one direction. For a long time, people thought that Aristotle was right, but it is probable that Aristotle accidentally did more to hinder our knowledge than help it. The [[Hindu]] vedic text, [[Rigveda]] refers to the 27 [[constellations]] associated with the motions of the sun and also the 12 [[Zodiac|zodiacal]] divisions of the sky. The [[Hellenic civilisation|ancient Greeks]] made important contributions to astronomy, among them the definition of the [[apparent magnitude|magnitude]] system. The [[Bible]] contains a number of statements on the position of the earth in the universe and the nature of the stars and planets, most of which are poetic rather than literal; see [[Biblical cosmology]]. In [[500|500 AD]], [[Aryabhata]] presented a mathematical system that described the earth as spinning on its axis and considered the motions of the planets with respect to the sun. East Asia's first astronomical observatory was developed in [[Silla]], one of [[Three Kingdoms of Korea]], under the reign of [[Queen Seondeok of Silla]]. It was termed [[Cheomsongdae]], and is one of the oldest surviving scientific installations on [[Earth]]. It means ''star-gazing tower'' in Korean. Although classical astronomy was one of the seven key subjects taught at [[medieval university|medieval universities]] in [[Europe]], observational astronomy was mostly stagnant in [[Middle Ages|medieval]] Europe until [[XIII century]], when lived astronomers and [[astrology|astrologers]] as [[Johannes de Sacrobosco]], in [[England]], and [[Guido Bonatti]] from [[Forlì]], in [[Italy]]. [[Tycho Brahe]]'s work is very famous, in the 16th Century. However, observational astronomy flourished in the [[Iran|Iranian]] world and other parts of Islamic realm. The late 9th century Persian astronomer [[al-Farghani]] wrote extensively on the motion of celestial bodies. His work was translated into [[Latin]] in the 12th century. In the late 10th century, a huge [[observatory]] was built near [[Tehran]], [[Persian Empire|Persia]] (now [[Iran]]), by the Persian astronomer [[al-Khujandi]], who observed a series of [[meridian (astronomy)|meridian]] [[astronomical transit|transit]]s of the Sun, which allowed him to calculate the [[axial tilt|obliquity]] of the [[ecliptic]]. Also in Persia, [[Omar Khayyám]] performed a reformation of the [[calendar]] that was more accurate than the [[Julian Calendar|Julian]] and came close to the [[Gregorian calendar|Gregorian]]. [[Abraham Zacuto]] was responsible in the 15th century for the adaptations of astronomical theory for the practical needs of Portuguese caravel expeditions. [[Image:Table of Astronomy, Cyclopaedia, Volume 1, p 164.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Table of astronomy, from the 1728 ''[[Cyclopaedia]]''.]] In Europe during the [[Renaissance]], [[Copernicus]] proposed a [[heliocentric model]] of the [[Solar System]]. His work was defended, expanded upon, and corrected by [[Galileo Galilei]] and [[Johannes Kepler]]. Galileo added the innovation of using telescopes to enhance his observations. Kepler was the first to devise a system that described correctly the details of the motion of the planets with the Sun at the centre. However, Kepler did not succeed in formulating a theory behind the laws he wrote down. It was left to [[Sir Isaac Newton|Newton's]] invention of [[celestial dynamics]] and his [[gravity|law of gravitation]] to finally explain the motions of the planets. Newton also developed the [[reflecting telescope]]. Stars were found to be faraway objects. With the advent of [[spectroscopy]] it was proved that they were similar to Earth's own sun, but with a wide range of [[temperature]]s, [[mass]]es, and sizes. The existence of Earth's galaxy, the [[Milky Way]], as a separate group of stars was only proven in the 20th century, along with the existence of "external" galaxies, and soon after, the [[expansion]] of the [[universe]], seen in the recession of most galaxies from us. Modern astronomy has also discovered many exotic objects such as [[quasar]]s, [[pulsar]]s, [[blazar]]s and [[radio galaxy|radio galaxies]], and has used these observations to develop physical theories which describe some of these objects in terms of equally exotic objects such as [[black hole]]s and [[neutron star]]s. [[Physical cosmology]] made huge advances during the 20th century, with the model of the [[Big Bang]] heavily supported by the evidence provided by astronomy and physics, such as the [[cosmic microwave background radiation]], [[Hubble's Law]], and [[Big Bang nucleosynthesis|cosmological abundances of elements]]. ==Timelines in astronomy== [[Image:ant.nebula.arp.600pix.jpg|thumb|right|260px|Stellar astronomy, Stellar Evolution: The [[Mz3|Ant planetary nebula]]. Ejecting gas from the dying centre star shows symmetrical patterns unlike the chaotic patterns of ordinary explosions.]] * [[Timeline of artificial satellites and space probes|Artificial satellites and space probes]] * [[Timeline of astronomical maps, catalogues, and surveys|Astronomical maps, catalogues, and surveys]] * [[Timeline of the Big Bang|Big Bang]] * [[Timeline of black hole physics|Black hole physics]] * [[Timeline of cosmic microwave background astronomy|Cosmic microwave background astronomy]] * [[Timeline of cosmology|Cosmology]] * [[Timeline of galaxies, clusters of galaxies, and large scale structure|Galaxies, clusters of galaxies, and large scale structure]] * [[Timeline of the interstellar medium and intergalactic medium|Interstellar medium and intergalactic medium]] * [[Timeline of natural satellites|Natural satellites]] * [[Timeline of other background radiation fields|Other background radiation fields]] * [[Timeline of solar astronomy|Solar astronomy]] * [[Timeline of solar system astronomy|Solar system astronomy]] * [[Timeline of stellar astronomy|Stellar astronomy]] * [[Timeline of telescopes, observatories, and observing technology|Telescopes, observatories, and observing technology]] * [[Timeline of white dwarfs, neutron stars, and supernovae|White dwarfs, neutron stars, and supernovae]] ==තවද බලන්න==  {{sisterlinks|Astronomy}} * [[List of astronomical topics]] * [[Astronomer|Astronomers and Astrophysicists]] * [[Astronomical symbols]] * [[Cycles#Astronomical cycles|Astronomical cycles]] * [[Astronomical naming conventions]] * [[Astronomical object]] * [[:Category:Astronomical observatories|Astronomical observatories]] * [[:Category:Astronomy organizations|Astronomy organisations]] * [[Celestial navigation]] * [[Space exploration]] * [[Space science]] * [[Astronomical objects named after people]] === Astronomy tools === * [[Binoculars]] * [[Telescope]] * [[Computers]] * [[Calculator]] * [[Observatory]] * [[Space observatory]] * [[Maksutov telescope]] ==External links== *[http://www.AbsoluteAstronomy.com/ AbsoluteAstronomy.com] *[http://www.nasa.gov/ NASA] *[http://www.astronomy.net.nz Southern Hemisphere Astronomy] *[http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ Astronomy Picture of the Day] *[http://www.newscientistspace.com/home.ns/ New Scientist Space] *[http://www.skyandtelescope.com/ Sky & Telescope] *[http://www.aas.org/ American Astronomical Society] *[http://www.planet-surveyor.com/ Planet Surveyor] *[http://www.UtahSkies.org/ Utah Skies ] Astronomy Information by and for Amateur Astronomers *[http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/8172 ebook History of Astronomy, George Forbes (1849-1936] *[http://www.theamazingsky.com/ The Amazing Sky] *[http://www.space.gs/ Space and Astronautics News] {{Astronomy-footer}} {{Natural sciences-footer}} [[Category:තාරකා විද්‍යාව| ]] [[af:Sterrekunde]] [[am:ሥነ ፈለክ]] [[ar:فلك]] [[an:Astronomía]] [[ast:Astronomía]] [[ba:Астрономия]] [[bg:Астрономия]] [[bn:জ্যোতির্বিদ্যা]] [[bs:Astronomija]] [[br:Astronomi]] [[ca:Astronomia]] [[cv:Астрономи]] [[co:Astronomia]] [[cs:Astronomie]] [[cy:Seryddiaeth]] [[da:Astronomi]] [[de:Astronomie]] [[et:Astronoomia]] [[el:Αστρονομία]] [[en:Astronomy]] [[es:Astronomía]] [[eo:Astronomio]] [[eu:Astronomia]] [[fa:ستاره‌شناسی]] [[fr:Astronomie]] [[fy:Stjerrekunde]] [[ga:Réalteolaíocht]] [[gl:Astronomía]] [[gu:ખગોળશાસ્ત્ર]] [[ko:천문학]] [[ht:Astwonomi]] [[hi:खगोल शास्त्र]] [[hr:Astronomija]] [[io:Astronomio]] [[id:Astronomi dan Astrofisika]] [[ia:Astronomia]] [[ie:Astronomie]] [[iu:ᓯᓚᓯᐅᕐᓂᖅ]] [[is:Stjörnufræði]] [[it:Astronomia]] [[he:אסטרונומיה]] [[jv:Astronomi]] [[ka:ასტრონომია]] [[csb:Astronomijô]] [[kw:Astronymyl]] [[ku:Astronomî]] [[lad:Astronomiya]] [[la:Astronomia]] [[lv:Astronomija]] [[lt:Astronomija]] [[lb:Astronomie]] [[li:Sjtarrekónde]] [[jbo:kesyske]] [[hu:Csillagászat]] [[mt:Astronomija]] [[ms:Astronomi]] [[mo:Астрономие ши астрофизикэ]] [[nap:Astronomia]] [[nl:Astronomie]] [[ne:ज्योतिष]] [[nds:Astronomie]] [[ja:天文学]] [[no:Astronomi]] [[nn:Astronomi]] [[oc:Astronomia]] [[pl:Astronomia]] [[pt:Astronomia]] [[pa:ਤਾਰਾ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ]] [[ro:Astronomie]] [[rm:Astronomia]] [[ru:Астрономия]] [[sco:Astronomie]] [[sq:Astronomia]] [[scn:Astronumìa]] [[simple:Astronomy]] [[sk:Astronómia]] [[sl:Astronomija]] [[sr:Астрономија]] [[su:Astronomi]] [[fi:Tähtitiede]] [[sv:Astronomi]] [[tl:Astronomiya]] [[ta:வானியல்]] [[tet:Astronomia]] [[th:ดาราศาสตร์]] [[vi:Thiên văn học]] [[tr:Gökbilim]] [[uk:Астрономія]] [[vo:Stelav]] [[war:Astronomiya]] [[zh:天文学]] [[pam:Astronomia]] Template:Portal 1885 5331 2006-05-07T06:06:16Z Lee 85 <div class="tright" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: solid #aaa 1px; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 1ex; font-size: 90%;"> {| style="background: transparent;" width={{{boxsize|{{{4|0}}}}}}px |<div style="position: relative; width: 36px; height: 32px; overflow: hidden"> <div style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; font-size: 100px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 100px; z-index: 3">[[Portal:{{{name|{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}|   ]]</div> <div style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 2">[[Image:{{{image|{{{2|Portal.gif}}}}}}|{{{size|{{{3|36}}}}}}x32px|Portal:{{{name|{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}]]</div> </div> || '''''[[Portal:{{{name|{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}|{{{name|{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}} Portal]]''''' |} </div><noinclude> ==Use== This template is used to link an article to its related [[Portal:Browse|portal]] ;Optional parameters <nowiki>{{Portal|name|image|size|boxsize}}</nowiki> ==Location== This template is placed at the bottom of the article in the "See also" section. [[es:Plantilla:Portal]] [[fr:Modèle:Portail]] [[ja:Template:ウィキポータルリンク]] [[mk:Шаблон:Портал]] [[ru:Шаблон:Портал]] [[sq:Stampa:Portal]] </noinclude> User:Taichi 1886 5332 2006-05-07T06:14:27Z Taichi 92 {{Babel-4|es|en-2|ja-1|si-0}} Hi I'm '''Taichi'''. I don't speak sinhalese; for any message please go [[:es:Usuario Discusión:Taichi|here]]. [[es:Usuario:Taichi]] Portal:තාරකා විද්‍යාව/හැඳින්වීම 1887 5334 2006-05-07T06:29:25Z Lee 85 [[Image:Percival Lowell-observing Mars from the Lowell Observatory.jpg|115px|left|]] '''තාරකා විද්‍යාව''' (ඉංග්‍රීසි: Astronomy / ඇස්ට්‍රොනොමි) (ග්‍රීක: αστρονομία = άστρον + νόμος, astronomia / ඇස්ට්‍රොනොමියා = astron + nomos, සරලව ගත් කල, "තාරකා නීතිය") යනු තාරකා, ග්‍රහලෝක, ධූමකේතු (comets), ඌෂාලෝකය (aurora), චක්‍රාවාට (galaxies) සහ අන්තරීක්ෂ පසුබිම් විකිරණය (cosmic background radiation) යනාදී පෘථිවි වායුගෝලයෙන් පරිභාහිර සංසිද්දීන් සහ අභ්‍යවකශ වස්තූන් (celestial objects) පිලිබඳ විද්‍යාවයි. මෙහි ප්‍රධාන කාර්යයන් වන්නේ විශ්වයේ සම්භවය සහ විකාශණය, විශ්ව වස්තූන්ගේ භෞතික සහ රසායනික ගුණයන්ගේ පරිනාමය සහ ඒවායේ චලනයන් යනාදිය ගැන හැදෑරීමයි. මෙහි එන විද්‍යාත්මක නිරීක්ෂණයන් වැදගත් වන්නේ තාරකා විද්‍යාවට පමණක් නොවේ, ඒවා සාමාන්‍ය සාපේක්ෂතා වාදය වැනි භෞතික විද්‍යාත්මක මතවාදයන් සනාථ කරගැනීමට අවශ්‍ය වැදගත් තොරතුරු ද සපයයි. <div style="text-align:right;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:4px;">'''[[තාරකා විද්‍යාව|තාරකා විද්‍යාව ගැන තවත් දේ...]]'''</div > 5342 2006-05-07T06:53:12Z Lee 85 [[Template:Portal:තාරකා විද්‍යාව/හැඳින්වීම]] moved to [[Portal:තාරකා විද්‍යාව/හැඳින්වීම]] [[Image:Percival Lowell-observing Mars from the Lowell Observatory.jpg|115px|left|]] '''තාරකා විද්‍යාව''' (ඉංග්‍රීසි: Astronomy / ඇස්ට්‍රොනොමි) (ග්‍රීක: αστρονομία = άστρον + νόμος, astronomia / ඇස්ට්‍රොනොමියා = astron + nomos, සරලව ගත් කල, "තාරකා නීතිය") යනු තාරකා, ග්‍රහලෝක, ධූමකේතු (comets), ඌෂාලෝකය (aurora), චක්‍රාවාට (galaxies) සහ අන්තරීක්ෂ පසුබිම් විකිරණය (cosmic background radiation) යනාදී පෘථිවි වායුගෝලයෙන් පරිභාහිර සංසිද්දීන් සහ අභ්‍යවකශ වස්තූන් (celestial objects) පිලිබඳ විද්‍යාවයි. මෙහි ප්‍රධාන කාර්යයන් වන්නේ විශ්වයේ සම්භවය සහ විකාශණය, විශ්ව වස්තූන්ගේ භෞතික සහ රසායනික ගුණයන්ගේ පරිනාමය සහ ඒවායේ චලනයන් යනාදිය ගැන හැදෑරීමයි. මෙහි එන විද්‍යාත්මක නිරීක්ෂණයන් වැදගත් වන්නේ තාරකා විද්‍යාවට පමණක් නොවේ, ඒවා සාමාන්‍ය සාපේක්ෂතා වාදය වැනි භෞතික විද්‍යාත්මක මතවාදයන් සනාථ කරගැනීමට අවශ්‍ය වැදගත් තොරතුරු ද සපයයි. <div style="text-align:right;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:4px;">'''[[තාරකා විද්‍යාව|තාරකා විද්‍යාව ගැන තවත් දේ...]]'''</div > Template:/box-header 1888 5335 2006-05-07T06:33:25Z Lee 85 __NOEDITSECTION__ __NOTOC__<div style="clear: both;"></div> <div style="position: relative;border: 1px solid {{{titleborder|{{{border|#ababab}}}}}};background: {{{titlebackground|#bcbcbc}}};color: {{{titleforeground|#000000}}};padding: .1em;text-align: center;font-weight: bold;font-size: 100%;margin-bottom: 0px;border-bottom: none;">style="position: absolute;top: 1px;right: 1px;background: transparent;border: 0px;margin-bottom:.1em;font-size:80%;font-weight: normal;">[{{fullurl:{{{editpage|/}}}|action=edit}} edit] <h2 style="font-size:100%;font-weight:bold;border: none; margin: 0; padding:0; padding-bottom:.1em;">{{{title}}}</h2></div> <div style="display: block;position: relative;border: 1px solid {{{border|#ababab}}};vertical-align: top;background: {{{background|#fefeef}}};color: {{{foreground|#000000}}};margin-bottom: 10px;padding: 1em;margin-top: 0em;padding-top: .3em;"><noinclude>Test text with [[link]] Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. 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Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.{{Portal:Box-footer}} </noinclude> Portal:තාරකා විද්‍යාව 1889 5336 2006-05-07T06:34:07Z Lee 85  <div style="float:right; width:100%"> {{/box-header|Astronomy portal|Portal:Astronomy/Intro|}} {{Portal:තාරකා විද්‍යාව/හැඳින්වීම}} {{/box-footer|}} </div> <div style="float:left; width:50%;"> {{/box-header|Article of the month|Portal:Astronomy/Featured/{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}|}} {{Portal:Astronomy/Featured/{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}}} {{/box-footer|}} {{/box-header|Did you know|Portal:Astronomy/Did you know|}} {{Portal:Astronomy/Did you know}} {{/box-footer|}} {{/box-header|Categories|Portal:Astronomy/Categories|}} {{Portal:Astronomy/Categories}} {{/box-footer|}} {{/box-header|Projects|Portal:Astronomy/Projects|}} {{Portal:Astronomy/Projects}} {{/box-footer|}} {{/box-header|Wikibooks|Portal:Astronomy/Wikibooks|}} {{Portal:Astronomy/Wikibooks}} {{/box-footer|}} </div> <div style="float:right; width:49%"> {{/box-header|Picture of the week|Portal:Astronomy/Picture/Week {{CURRENTWEEK}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}|}} {{Portal:Astronomy/Picture/Week {{CURRENTWEEK}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}|}} {{/box-footer|[[Portal:Astronomy/Picture|More featured pictures]]}} {{/box-header|Astronomy News and Events|Portal:Astronomy/Events|}} {{Portal:Astronomy/Events}} {{/box-footer|}} {{/box-header|Things you can do|Portal:Astronomy/Things you can do|}} {{Portal:Astronomy/Things you can do}} {{/box-footer|}} </div> <div style="float:right; width:100%"> {{browsebar}} {{Purgepage}} </div> [[Category:Portals|Astronomy]] [[Category:Astronomy]] [[bg:Портал:Астрономия]] [[ca:Portal:Astronomia]] [[cs:Portál:Astronomie]] [[da:Wikipedia:Wikiportal/Astronomi]] [[de:Portal:Astronomie]] [[es:Portal:Astronomía]] [[eo:Portalo:Astronomio]] [[fr:Portail:Astronomie]] [[it:Portale:Astronomia]] [[he:פורטל:מדעי החלל]] [[hu:Wikipédia:Csillagászat portál]] [[nl:Portaal:Astronomie]] [[pl:Portal:Astronomia]] [[pt:Portal:Astronomia]] [[ru:Портал:Астрономия]] [[sk:Portál:Astronómia]] [[sr:Портал:Астрономија]] [[th:สถานีย่อย:ดาราศาสตร์]] [[tr:Portal:Astronomi]] [[vi:Wikipedia:Trang chính Thiên văn]] [[zh:Wikipedia:主题/天文学]] 5338 2006-05-07T06:38:39Z Lee 85  <div style="float:right; width:100%"> {{/box-header|තාරකා විද්‍යාව portal|Portal:තාරකා විද්‍යාව/හැඳින්වීම|}} {{Portal:තාරකා විද්‍යාව/හැඳින්වීම}} {{/box-footer|}} </div> <div style="float:left; width:50%;"> {{/box-header|Article of the month|Portal:Astronomy/Featured/{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}|}} {{Portal:Astronomy/Featured/{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}}} {{/box-footer|}} {{/box-header|Did you know|Portal:Astronomy/Did you know|}} {{Portal:Astronomy/Did you know}} {{/box-footer|}} {{/box-header|Categories|Portal:Astronomy/Categories|}} {{Portal:Astronomy/Categories}} {{/box-footer|}} {{/box-header|Projects|Portal:Astronomy/Projects|}} {{Portal:Astronomy/Projects}} {{/box-footer|}} {{/box-header|Wikibooks|Portal:Astronomy/Wikibooks|}} {{Portal:Astronomy/Wikibooks}} {{/box-footer|}} </div> <div style="float:right; width:49%"> {{/box-header|Picture of the week|Portal:Astronomy/Picture/Week {{CURRENTWEEK}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}|}} {{Portal:Astronomy/Picture/Week {{CURRENTWEEK}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}|}} {{/box-footer|[[Portal:Astronomy/Picture|More featured pictures]]}} {{/box-header|Astronomy News and Events|Portal:Astronomy/Events|}} {{Portal:Astronomy/Events}} {{/box-footer|}} {{/box-header|Things you can do|Portal:Astronomy/Things you can do|}} {{Portal:Astronomy/Things you can do}} {{/box-footer|}} </div> <div style="float:right; width:100%"> {{browsebar}} {{Purgepage}} </div> [[Category:Portals|Astronomy]] [[Category:Astronomy]] [[bg:Портал:Астрономия]] [[ca:Portal:Astronomia]] [[cs:Portál:Astronomie]] [[da:Wikipedia:Wikiportal/Astronomi]] [[de:Portal:Astronomie]] [[es:Portal:Astronomía]] [[eo:Portalo:Astronomio]] [[fr:Portail:Astronomie]] [[it:Portale:Astronomia]] [[he:פורטל:מדעי החלל]] [[hu:Wikipédia:Csillagászat portál]] [[nl:Portaal:Astronomie]] [[pl:Portal:Astronomia]] [[pt:Portal:Astronomia]] [[ru:Портал:Астрономия]] [[sk:Portál:Astronómia]] [[sr:Портал:Астрономија]] [[th:สถานีย่อย:ดาราศาสตร์]] [[tr:Portal:Astronomi]] [[vi:Wikipedia:Trang chính Thiên văn]] [[zh:Wikipedia:主题/天文学]] 5341 2006-05-07T06:43:48Z Lee 85  <div style="float:right; width:100%"> {{/box-header|තාරකා විද්‍යාව portal|Portal:තාරකා විද්‍යාව/හැඳින්වීම|}} {{Portal:තාරකා විද්‍යාව/හැඳින්වීම}} {{/box-footer|}} </div> <div style="float:left; width:50%;"> {{/box-header|Article of the month|Portal:තාරකා විද්‍යාව/Featured/{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}|}} {{Portal:තාරකා විද්‍යාව/Featured/{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}}} {{/box-footer|}} {{/box-header|Did you know|Portal:තාරකා විද්‍යාව/Did you know|}} {{Portal:තාරකා විද්‍යාව/Did you know}} {{/box-footer|}} {{/box-header|Categories|Portal:තාරකා විද්‍යාව/Categories|}} {{Portal:තාරකා විද්‍යාව/Categories}} {{/box-footer|}} {{/box-header|Projects|Portal:තාරකා විද්‍යාව/Projects|}} {{Portal:තාරකා විද්‍යාව/Projects}} {{/box-footer|}} {{/box-header|Wikibooks|Portal:තාරකා විද්‍යාව/Wikibooks|}} {{Portal:තාරකා විද්‍යාව/Wikibooks}} {{/box-footer|}} </div> <div style="float:right; width:49%"> {{/box-header|Picture of the week|Portal:තාරකා විද්‍යාව/Picture/Week {{CURRENTWEEK}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}|}} {{Portal:තාරකා විද්‍යාව/Picture/Week {{CURRENTWEEK}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}|}} {{/box-footer|[[Portal:තාරකා විද්‍යාව/Picture|More featured pictures]]}} {{/box-header|තාරකා විද්‍යාව News and Events|Portal:තාරකා විද්‍යාව/Events|}} {{Portal:තාරකා විද්‍යාව/Events}} {{/box-footer|}} {{/box-header|Things you can do|Portal:තාරකා විද්‍යාව/Things you can do|}} {{Portal:තාරකා විද්‍යාව/Things you can do}} {{/box-footer|}} </div> <div style="float:right; width:100%"> {{browsebar}} {{Purgepage}} </div> [[Category:Portals|තාරකා විද්‍යාව]] [[Category:තාරකා විද්‍යාව]] [[bg:Портал:Астрономия]] [[ca:Portal:Astronomia]] [[cs:Portál:Astronomie]] [[da:Wikipedia:Wikiportal/Astronomi]] [[de:Portal:Astronomie]] [[es:Portal:Astronomía]] [[eo:Portalo:Astronomio]] [[fr:Portail:Astronomie]] [[it:Portale:Astronomia]] [[he:פורטל:מדעי החלל]] [[hu:Wikipédia:Csillagászat portál]] [[nl:Portaal:Astronomie]] [[pl:Portal:Astronomia]] [[pt:Portal:Astronomia]] [[ru:Портал:Астрономия]] [[sk:Portál:Astronómia]] [[sr:Портал:Астрономија]] [[th:สถานีย่อย:ดาราศาสตร์]] [[tr:Portal:Astronomi]] [[vi:Wikipedia:Trang chính Thiên văn]] [[zh:Wikipedia:主题/天文学]] 5346 2006-05-07T07:01:01Z Lee 85  <div style="float:right; 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width:100%"> {{browsebar}} {{Purgepage}} </div> [[Category:Portals|තාරකා විද්‍යාව]] [[Category:තාරකා විද්‍යාව]] [[bg:Портал:Астрономия]] [[ca:Portal:Astronomia]] [[cs:Portál:Astronomie]] [[da:Wikipedia:Wikiportal/Astronomi]] [[de:Portal:Astronomie]] [[es:Portal:Astronomía]] [[eo:Portalo:Astronomio]] [[fr:Portail:Astronomie]] [[it:Portale:Astronomia]] [[he:פורטל:מדעי החלל]] [[hu:Wikipédia:Csillagászat portál]] [[nl:Portaal:Astronomie]] [[pl:Portal:Astronomia]] [[pt:Portal:Astronomia]] [[ru:Портал:Астрономия]] [[sk:Portál:Astronómia]] [[sr:Портал:Астрономија]] [[th:สถานีย่อย:ดาราศาสตร์]] [[tr:Portal:Astronomi]] [[vi:Wikipedia:Trang chính Thiên văn]] [[zh:Wikipedia:主题/天文学]] Template:/box-footer 1890 5337 2006-05-07T06:35:11Z Lee 85 <div class="noprint" style="text-align:right; margin:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; padding:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;">{{{1|}}}</div > <div style="clear:both;"></div> </div> Template:Browsebar 1891 5339 2006-05-07T06:39:59Z Lee 85 <div id="browsebar"> <div style="margin-top:-3px; margin-bottom:0.5em; font-variant: small-caps; text-align: center; font-size: 105%;"> [[Portal:Arts|Arts]] | [[Portal:Biography|Biography]] | [[Portal:Culture|Culture]] | [[Portal:Geography|Geography]] | [[Portal:History|History]] | [[Portal:Mathematics|Mathematics]] | [[Portal:Philosophy|Philosophy]] | [[Portal:Science|Science]] | [[Portal:Society|Society]] | [[Portal:Technology|Technology]]</div></div><noinclude> [[de:Vorlage:Index]] </noinclude> Template:Purgepage 1892 5340 2006-05-07T06:41:09Z Lee 85 ''[{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=purge}} Purge server cache]'' Template:Portal:තාරකා විද්‍යාව/හැඳින්වීම 1893 5343 2006-05-07T06:53:12Z Lee 85 [[Template:Portal:තාරකා විද්‍යාව/හැඳින්වීම]] moved to [[Portal:තාරකා විද්‍යාව/හැඳින්වීම]] #REDIRECT [[Portal:තාරකා විද්‍යාව/හැඳින්වීම]] 5344 2006-05-07T06:54:29Z Lee 85 5345 2006-05-07T06:56:10Z Lee 85 [[Image:Percival Lowell-observing Mars from the Lowell Observatory.jpg|115px|left|]] '''තාරකා විද්‍යාව''' (ඉංග්‍රීසි: Astronomy / ඇස්ට්‍රොනොමි) (ග්‍රීක: αστρονομία = άστρον + νόμος, astronomia / ඇස්ට්‍රොනොමියා = astron + nomos, සරලව ගත් කල, "තාරකා නීතිය") යනු තාරකා, ග්‍රහලෝක, ධූමකේතු (comets), ඌෂාලෝකය (aurora), චක්‍රාවාට (galaxies) සහ අන්තරීක්ෂ පසුබිම් විකිරණය (cosmic background radiation) යනාදී පෘථිවි වායුගෝලයෙන් පරිභාහිර සංසිද්දීන් සහ අභ්‍යවකශ වස්තූන් (celestial objects) පිලිබඳ විද්‍යාවයි. මෙහි ප්‍රධාන කාර්යයන් වන්නේ විශ්වයේ සම්භවය සහ විකාශණය, විශ්ව වස්තූන්ගේ භෞතික සහ රසායනික ගුණයන්ගේ පරිනාමය සහ ඒවායේ චලනයන් යනාදිය ගැන හැදෑරීමයි. මෙහි එන විද්‍යාත්මක නිරීක්ෂණයන් වැදගත් වන්නේ තාරකා විද්‍යාවට පමණක් නොවේ, ඒවා සාමාන්‍ය සාපේක්ෂතා වාදය වැනි භෞතික විද්‍යාත්මක මතවාදයන් සනාථ කරගැනීමට අවශ්‍ය වැදගත් තොරතුරු ද සපයයි. <div style="text-align:right;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:4px;">'''[[තාරකා විද්‍යාව|තාරකා විද්‍යාව ගැන තවත් දේ...]]'''</div > Portal:තාරකා විද්‍යාව/ඔබ දන්නවාද... 1894 5347 2006-05-07T07:02:26Z Lee 85  ...that [[Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9]] passed within [[Jupiter]]'s '''[[Roche limit]]''' in 1992, causing it to break up into smaller pieces two years before it collided with the planet? ...that [[Medieval]] [[astrologers]] counted '''[[Vega]]''' as one of the [[Behenian fixed stars]] and related it to the symbol [[Image:Agrippa1531_Vulturcadens.png|20px]], the gemstone [[chrysolite]], and the plant [[winter savory]]? ...that the [[Kaidun meteorite]] fell on March 12, 1980 on a [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[military base]] in [[Yemen]], and may be from '''[[Phobos (moon)|Phobos]]'''? ...that '''[[GRB 060218]]''' is an unusual [[gamma ray burst]] that later developed into a [[supernova]]? ...that the [[trans-Neptunian object]] '''[[2003 UB313|2003 UB313]]''' is believed to be larger than [[Pluto (planet)|Pluto]] and is claimed to be the [[solar system]]'s [[planet X|tenth planet]]? ...that the '''[[Orbiting Astronomical Observatory]]''' satellites were precursors to the [[Hubble Space Telescope]] which made the first observations of [[ultraviolet]] light from hundreds of [[astronomical object]]s? ...that the '''[[ANSMET]]''' team have discovered more than 10,000 [[meteorite]]s in [[Antarctica]], including [[ALH84001]], which contained evidence for [[life]] on [[Mars (planet)|Mars]]? User talk:Lee 1895 5348 2006-05-08T04:57:56Z 132.181.7.1 ==Translation request== '''Greetings Lee'''! Could you please kindly help me translate [http://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church this article] into the Sinhalese language - based on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church English article]. Your help would be very gratefully appreciated. Thankyou very much. Regards -- [[en:User:Jose77|Jose77]], 02:13 Thursday 4 May 2006 (UTC) 5349 2006-05-08T04:58:19Z 132.181.7.1 ==Translation request== '''Greetings Lee'''! Could you please kindly help me translate [http://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church this article] (or part of it) into the Sinhalese language - based on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church English article]. Your help would be very gratefully appreciated. Thankyou very much. Regards -- [[en:User:Jose77|Jose77]], 02:13 Thursday 4 May 2006 (UTC) 5350 2006-05-08T04:59:25Z 132.181.7.1 ==Translation request== '''Greetings Lee'''! Could you please help me translate [http://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church this article] (or part of it) into the Sinhalese language - which is based on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church English article]. Your help would be very gratefully appreciated. Thankyou very much. Regards -- [[en:User:Jose77|Jose77]], 02:13 Thursday 4 May 2006 (UTC) 5351 2006-05-08T04:59:33Z 132.181.7.1 ==Translation request== '''Greetings Lee'''! Could you please help me translate [http://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church this article] (or part of it) into the Sinhalese language - which is based on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church English article]. Your help would be very gratefully appreciated. Thankyou very much. Regards -- [[en:User:Jose77|Jose77]], {{CURRENTTIME}} {{CURRENTDAYNAME}} {{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAMEGEN}} {{CURRENTYEAR}} (UTC) 5352 2006-05-08T05:28:34Z Lee 85 ==Translation request== '''Greetings Lee'''! Could you please help me translate [http://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church this article] (or part of it) into the Sinhalese language - which is based on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church English article]. Your help would be very gratefully appreciated. Thankyou very much. Regards -- [[en:User:Jose77|Jose77]], {{CURRENTTIME}} {{CURRENTDAYNAME}} {{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAMEGEN}} {{CURRENTYEAR}} (UTC) :I’ll try, as soon as I can find time for it.- [[User:Lee|Lee]] 05:28, 8 May 2006 (UTC) 5363 2006-05-08T13:43:29Z Lee 85 /* Translation request */ ==Translation request== '''Greetings Lee'''! Could you please help me translate [http://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church this article] (or part of it) into the Sinhalese language - which is based on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church English article]. Your help would be very gratefully appreciated. Thankyou very much. Regards -- [[en:User:Jose77|Jose77]], {{CURRENTTIME}} {{CURRENTDAYNAME}} {{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAMEGEN}} {{CURRENTYEAR}} (UTC) :I’ll try, as soon as I can find time for it.- [[User:Lee|Lee]] 05:28, 8 May 2006 (UTC) :Article name is [[සත්‍යයේ ජේසු සමිදාණන්ගේ සභාව]]. Sorry! Content is not translated completely. - [[User:Lee|Lee]] 13:43, 8 May 2006 (UTC) 5364 2006-05-08T21:38:27Z 132.181.7.1 ==Translation request== '''Greetings Lee'''! Could you please help me translate [http://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church this article] (or part of it) into the Sinhalese language - which is based on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church English article]. Your help would be very gratefully appreciated. Thankyou very much. Regards -- [[en:User:Jose77|Jose77]], 8 May :I’ll try, as soon as I can find time for it.- [[User:Lee|Lee]] 05:28, 8 May 2006 (UTC) :Article name is [[සත්‍යයේ ජේසු සමිදාණන්ගේ සභාව]]. Sorry! Content is not translated completely. - [[User:Lee|Lee]] 13:43, 8 May 2006 (UTC) ::'''Thankyou very very much Lee for your help and effort'''! I am so grateful. ''May Sinhala wikipedia prosper''! -- 21:38 Monday 8 May 2006 (UTC) 5365 2006-05-08T21:39:42Z 132.181.7.1 ==Translation request== '''Greetings Lee'''! Could you please help me translate [http://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church this article] (or part of it) into the Sinhalese language - which is based on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church English article]. Your help would be very gratefully appreciated. Thankyou very much. Regards -- [[en:User:Jose77|Jose77]], 8 May :I’ll try, as soon as I can find time for it.- [[User:Lee|Lee]] 05:28, 8 May 2006 (UTC) :Article name is [[සත්‍යයේ ජේසු සමිදාණන්ගේ සභාව]]. Sorry! Content is not translated completely. - [[User:Lee|Lee]] 13:43, 8 May 2006 (UTC) ::'''Thankyou very very much Lee for your help and effort'''! I am so grateful. ''May Sinhala wikipedia prosper''! If you ever need any articles to be translated to the Chinese Mandarin or Minnan language in the future, then I can help out. Best wishes -- [[en:User:Jose77|Jose77]], 21:38 Monday 8 May 2006 (UTC) 5366 2006-05-08T21:40:04Z 132.181.7.1 /* Translation request */ ==Translation request== '''Greetings Lee'''! Could you please help me translate [http://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church this article] (or part of it) into the Sinhalese language - which is based on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church English article]. Your help would be very gratefully appreciated. Thankyou very much. Regards -- [[en:User:Jose77|Jose77]], 8 May :I’ll try, as soon as I can find time for it.- [[User:Lee|Lee]] 05:28, 8 May 2006 (UTC) :Article name is [[සත්‍යයේ ජේසු සමිදාණන්ගේ සභාව]]. Sorry! Content is not translated completely. - [[User:Lee|Lee]] 13:43, 8 May 2006 (UTC) ::'''Thankyou very very much Lee for your help and effort'''! I am so grateful. ''May Sinhala wikipedia prosper''! ::If you ever need any articles to be translated to the Chinese Mandarin or Minnan language in the future, then I can help out. ::Best wishes -- [[en:User:Jose77|Jose77]], 21:38 Monday 8 May 2006 (UTC) 5398 2006-05-18T15:13:26Z 217.153.83.162 Article request ==Translation request== '''Greetings Lee'''! Could you please help me translate [http://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church this article] (or part of it) into the Sinhalese language - which is based on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church English article]. Your help would be very gratefully appreciated. Thankyou very much. Regards -- [[en:User:Jose77|Jose77]], 8 May :I’ll try, as soon as I can find time for it.- [[User:Lee|Lee]] 05:28, 8 May 2006 (UTC) :Article name is [[සත්‍යයේ ජේසු සමිදාණන්ගේ සභාව]]. Sorry! Content is not translated completely. - [[User:Lee|Lee]] 13:43, 8 May 2006 (UTC) ::'''Thankyou very very much Lee for your help and effort'''! I am so grateful. ''May Sinhala wikipedia prosper''! ::If you ever need any articles to be translated to the Chinese Mandarin or Minnan language in the future, then I can help out. ::Best wishes -- [[en:User:Jose77|Jose77]], 21:38 Monday 8 May 2006 (UTC) == Article request == Hello. I'm wikipedia redactor from Poland. We have action with friend to get all possible language version of article about [[en:Katowice]]. Can You write a one or two sentences (STUB) into Sinhali wikipedia (SI language version). Please help. We have over 71 language version. Best Regards [[pl:user:Stimoroll|Stimoroll]] 5399 2006-05-19T14:10:58Z Lee 85 /* Article request */ ==Translation request== '''Greetings Lee'''! Could you please help me translate [http://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church this article] (or part of it) into the Sinhalese language - which is based on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church English article]. Your help would be very gratefully appreciated. Thankyou very much. Regards -- [[en:User:Jose77|Jose77]], 8 May :I’ll try, as soon as I can find time for it.- [[User:Lee|Lee]] 05:28, 8 May 2006 (UTC) :Article name is [[සත්‍යයේ ජේසු සමිදාණන්ගේ සභාව]]. Sorry! Content is not translated completely. - [[User:Lee|Lee]] 13:43, 8 May 2006 (UTC) ::'''Thankyou very very much Lee for your help and effort'''! I am so grateful. ''May Sinhala wikipedia prosper''! ::If you ever need any articles to be translated to the Chinese Mandarin or Minnan language in the future, then I can help out. ::Best wishes -- [[en:User:Jose77|Jose77]], 21:38 Monday 8 May 2006 (UTC) == Article request == Hello. I'm wikipedia redactor from Poland. We have action with friend to get all possible language version of article about [[en:Katowice]]. Can You write a one or two sentences (STUB) into Sinhali wikipedia (SI language version). Please help. We have over 71 language version. Best Regards [[pl:user:Stimoroll|Stimoroll]] :Sorry, I'm not sure how the word Katowice should be spelled in Sinhala, so this request has to wait!!! Marathi guys have used [[:mr:केटोविच|केटोविच]] (I believe that is pronounced: ke tho wi ch) is that correct? -- [[User:Lee|Lee]] 14:10, 19 May 2006 (UTC) 5600 2006-06-09T13:50:14Z Lee 85 I’m offline for few days. I’ll get back to you as soon as I come online again. Enjoy the weekend! :-) --[[User:Lee|Lee]] 13:50, 9 June 2006 (UTC) ==Translation request== '''Greetings Lee'''! Could you please help me translate [http://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church this article] (or part of it) into the Sinhalese language - which is based on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church English article]. Your help would be very gratefully appreciated. Thankyou very much. Regards -- [[en:User:Jose77|Jose77]], 8 May :I’ll try, as soon as I can find time for it.- [[User:Lee|Lee]] 05:28, 8 May 2006 (UTC) :Article name is [[සත්‍යයේ ජේසු සමිදාණන්ගේ සභාව]]. Sorry! Content is not translated completely. - [[User:Lee|Lee]] 13:43, 8 May 2006 (UTC) ::'''Thankyou very very much Lee for your help and effort'''! I am so grateful. ''May Sinhala wikipedia prosper''! ::If you ever need any articles to be translated to the Chinese Mandarin or Minnan language in the future, then I can help out. ::Best wishes -- [[en:User:Jose77|Jose77]], 21:38 Monday 8 May 2006 (UTC) == Article request == Hello. I'm wikipedia redactor from Poland. We have action with friend to get all possible language version of article about [[en:Katowice]]. Can You write a one or two sentences (STUB) into Sinhali wikipedia (SI language version). Please help. We have over 71 language version. Best Regards [[pl:user:Stimoroll|Stimoroll]] :Sorry, I'm not sure how the word Katowice should be spelled in Sinhala, so this request has to wait!!! Marathi guys have used [[:mr:केटोविच|केटोविच]] (I believe that is pronounced: ke tho wi ch) is that correct? -- [[User:Lee|Lee]] 14:10, 19 May 2006 (UTC) 5648 2006-06-20T12:08:08Z Lee 85 ==Translation request== '''Greetings Lee'''! Could you please help me translate [http://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church this article] (or part of it) into the Sinhalese language - which is based on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church English article]. Your help would be very gratefully appreciated. Thankyou very much. Regards -- [[en:User:Jose77|Jose77]], 8 May :I’ll try, as soon as I can find time for it.- [[User:Lee|Lee]] 05:28, 8 May 2006 (UTC) :Article name is [[සත්‍යයේ ජේසු සමිදාණන්ගේ සභාව]]. Sorry! Content is not translated completely. - [[User:Lee|Lee]] 13:43, 8 May 2006 (UTC) ::'''Thankyou very very much Lee for your help and effort'''! I am so grateful. ''May Sinhala wikipedia prosper''! ::If you ever need any articles to be translated to the Chinese Mandarin or Minnan language in the future, then I can help out. ::Best wishes -- [[en:User:Jose77|Jose77]], 21:38 Monday 8 May 2006 (UTC) == Article request == Hello. I'm wikipedia redactor from Poland. We have action with friend to get all possible language version of article about [[en:Katowice]]. Can You write a one or two sentences (STUB) into Sinhali wikipedia (SI language version). Please help. We have over 71 language version. Best Regards [[pl:user:Stimoroll|Stimoroll]] :Sorry, I'm not sure how the word Katowice should be spelled in Sinhala, so this request has to wait!!! Marathi guys have used [[:mr:केटोविच|केटोविच]] (I believe that is pronounced: ke tho wi ch) is that correct? -- [[User:Lee|Lee]] 14:10, 19 May 2006 (UTC) 5684 2006-06-25T01:45:28Z 206.246.160.221 sinhala portal namespace ==Translation request== '''Greetings Lee'''! Could you please help me translate [http://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church this article] (or part of it) into the Sinhalese language - which is based on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church English article]. Your help would be very gratefully appreciated. Thankyou very much. Regards -- [[en:User:Jose77|Jose77]], 8 May :I’ll try, as soon as I can find time for it.- [[User:Lee|Lee]] 05:28, 8 May 2006 (UTC) :Article name is [[සත්‍යයේ ජේසු සමිදාණන්ගේ සභාව]]. Sorry! Content is not translated completely. - [[User:Lee|Lee]] 13:43, 8 May 2006 (UTC) ::'''Thankyou very very much Lee for your help and effort'''! I am so grateful. ''May Sinhala wikipedia prosper''! ::If you ever need any articles to be translated to the Chinese Mandarin or Minnan language in the future, then I can help out. ::Best wishes -- [[en:User:Jose77|Jose77]], 21:38 Monday 8 May 2006 (UTC) == Article request == Hello. I'm wikipedia redactor from Poland. We have action with friend to get all possible language version of article about [[en:Katowice]]. Can You write a one or two sentences (STUB) into Sinhali wikipedia (SI language version). Please help. We have over 71 language version. Best Regards [[pl:user:Stimoroll|Stimoroll]] :Sorry, I'm not sure how the word Katowice should be spelled in Sinhala, so this request has to wait!!! Marathi guys have used [[:mr:केटोविच|केटोविच]] (I believe that is pronounced: ke tho wi ch) is that correct? -- [[User:Lee|Lee]] 14:10, 19 May 2006 (UTC) ==Sinhala Portal== Hiya! In response to your request on my talkpage on en.wp, I've asked the developers to create the Portal: and Portal talk: namespaces on Sinhala Wikipedia for you. Please see [http://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/show_bug.cgi?id=6435 this page] for the current status of your request. Take care! ([[en:User:Kylu|Kylu]]) [[User:206.246.160.221|206.246.160.221]] 01:45, 25 June 2006 (UTC) 5698 2006-06-25T22:31:07Z 206.246.160.221 /* Sinhala Portal */ update ==Translation request== '''Greetings Lee'''! Could you please help me translate [http://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church this article] (or part of it) into the Sinhalese language - which is based on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church English article]. Your help would be very gratefully appreciated. Thankyou very much. Regards -- [[en:User:Jose77|Jose77]], 8 May :I’ll try, as soon as I can find time for it.- [[User:Lee|Lee]] 05:28, 8 May 2006 (UTC) :Article name is [[සත්‍යයේ ජේසු සමිදාණන්ගේ සභාව]]. Sorry! Content is not translated completely. - [[User:Lee|Lee]] 13:43, 8 May 2006 (UTC) ::'''Thankyou very very much Lee for your help and effort'''! I am so grateful. ''May Sinhala wikipedia prosper''! ::If you ever need any articles to be translated to the Chinese Mandarin or Minnan language in the future, then I can help out. ::Best wishes -- [[en:User:Jose77|Jose77]], 21:38 Monday 8 May 2006 (UTC) == Article request == Hello. I'm wikipedia redactor from Poland. We have action with friend to get all possible language version of article about [[en:Katowice]]. Can You write a one or two sentences (STUB) into Sinhali wikipedia (SI language version). Please help. We have over 71 language version. Best Regards [[pl:user:Stimoroll|Stimoroll]] :Sorry, I'm not sure how the word Katowice should be spelled in Sinhala, so this request has to wait!!! Marathi guys have used [[:mr:केटोविच|केटोविच]] (I believe that is pronounced: ke tho wi ch) is that correct? -- [[User:Lee|Lee]] 14:10, 19 May 2006 (UTC) ==Sinhala Portal== Hiya! In response to your request on my talkpage on en.wp, I've asked the developers to create the Portal: and Portal talk: namespaces on Sinhala Wikipedia for you. Please see [http://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/show_bug.cgi?id=6435 this page] for the current status of your request. Take care! ([[en:User:Kylu|Kylu]]) [[User:206.246.160.221|206.246.160.221]] 01:45, 25 June 2006 (UTC) :Update: :I need to know how you want the portal and portal talk namespaces spelled. They can be in English if you'd like, or in Sinhala, but if you'd like the latter, it'd help if I knew how you wanted it spelled so I can pass it on to the developers. ([[en:User:Kylu|Kylu]]) [[User:206.246.160.221|206.246.160.221]] 22:31, 25 June 2006 (UTC) 5705 2006-06-30T03:09:28Z Kylu 105 I'm new to Sinhala ==Translation request== '''Greetings Lee'''! Could you please help me translate [http://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church this article] (or part of it) into the Sinhalese language - which is based on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church English article]. Your help would be very gratefully appreciated. Thankyou very much. Regards -- [[en:User:Jose77|Jose77]], 8 May :I’ll try, as soon as I can find time for it.- [[User:Lee|Lee]] 05:28, 8 May 2006 (UTC) :Article name is [[සත්‍යයේ ජේසු සමිදාණන්ගේ සභාව]]. Sorry! Content is not translated completely. - [[User:Lee|Lee]] 13:43, 8 May 2006 (UTC) ::'''Thankyou very very much Lee for your help and effort'''! I am so grateful. ''May Sinhala wikipedia prosper''! ::If you ever need any articles to be translated to the Chinese Mandarin or Minnan language in the future, then I can help out. ::Best wishes -- [[en:User:Jose77|Jose77]], 21:38 Monday 8 May 2006 (UTC) == Article request == Hello. I'm wikipedia redactor from Poland. We have action with friend to get all possible language version of article about [[en:Katowice]]. Can You write a one or two sentences (STUB) into Sinhali wikipedia (SI language version). Please help. We have over 71 language version. Best Regards [[pl:user:Stimoroll|Stimoroll]] :Sorry, I'm not sure how the word Katowice should be spelled in Sinhala, so this request has to wait!!! Marathi guys have used [[:mr:केटोविच|केटोविच]] (I believe that is pronounced: ke tho wi ch) is that correct? -- [[User:Lee|Lee]] 14:10, 19 May 2006 (UTC) ==Sinhala Portal== Hiya! In response to your request on my talkpage on en.wp, I've asked the developers to create the Portal: and Portal talk: namespaces on Sinhala Wikipedia for you. Please see [http://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/show_bug.cgi?id=6435 this page] for the current status of your request. Take care! ([[en:User:Kylu|Kylu]]) [[User:206.246.160.221|206.246.160.221]] 01:45, 25 June 2006 (UTC) :Update: :I need to know how you want the portal and portal talk namespaces spelled. They can be in English if you'd like, or in Sinhala, but if you'd like the latter, it'd help if I knew how you wanted it spelled so I can pass it on to the developers. ([[en:User:Kylu|Kylu]]) [[User:206.246.160.221|206.246.160.221]] 22:31, 25 June 2006 (UTC) ==Sinhala Wikipedia== It appears you don't have many needed templates and other resources on Sinhala Wikipedia, so I've created an account to bring these resources to Sinhala. The majority of these should not require translation (logical templates), but some may need to be, and I'll maintain a category to keep you up to date. Please note that some, such as {{tl|Note}}, will need to be protected after creation. If you'd like to do that, this would be fine, or if you would like me to ask for +sysop so that I can do this, that is fine also. :) [[User:Kylu|Kylu]] [[User talk:Kylu|(speak!)]] 03:09, 30 June 2006 (UTC) මහා වංශය 1896 5354 2006-05-08T13:10:07Z Lee 85 [[මහා වංශය]] moved to [[මහාවංශය]] #REDIRECT [[මහාවංශය]] චූල වංශය 1897 5357 2006-05-08T13:13:10Z Lee 85 [[චූල වංශය]] moved to [[චූලවංශය]] #REDIRECT [[චූලවංශය]] True Jesus Church 1898 5362 2006-05-08T13:29:33Z Lee 85 [[True Jesus Church]] moved to [[සත්‍යයේ ජේසු සමිදාණන්ගේ සභාව]] #REDIRECT [[සත්‍යයේ ජේසු සමිදාණන්ගේ සභාව]] Zergeisterung 1899 5367 2006-05-09T13:13:34Z 82.83.242.229 The term "Zergeisterung" means a specific process of spiritual and mental development. The word is a chiffre, that is ideal for those cases of speaking - for example - about schizophrenia, dissociation or borderline, using these termini technici for diseases merely in a metaphoric sense, placed in a context of changes in whole society and substracted the definite allocation into a pathological area. Zergeisterung means therewith first and foremost an intellectual attitude of ambivalence, accepting a certain relativity of all truth. A symbol for Zergeisterung is the head of the Roman god Janus; furthermore the eye, the spiral and the labyrinth. In addition to it Zergeisterung reflects a special quality of that attitude, indicatable with terms like disillusion or with speaking about an open, that means: non-self-contained system. Finally Zergeisterung responds to the development of ideas generally, scriptured in the European enlightenment and globalized to date. The term has a relation to spiritedness and enthusiasm, but it is not antagonistical. The German word Zergeisterung is not translatable. 5435 2006-05-29T13:00:10Z Ahoerstemeier 7 {{delete}} {{delete}} Talk:Zergeisterung 1900 5368 2006-05-09T13:14:07Z 82.83.242.229 please translate: The term "Zergeisterung" means a specific process of spiritual and mental development. The word is a chiffre, that is ideal for those cases of speaking - for example - about schizophrenia, dissociation or borderline, using these termini technici for diseases merely in a metaphoric sense, placed in a context of changes in whole society and substracted the definite allocation into a pathological area. Zergeisterung means therewith first and foremost an intellectual attitude of ambivalence, accepting a certain relativity of all truth. A symbol for Zergeisterung is the head of the Roman god Janus; furthermore the eye, the spiral and the labyrinth. In addition to it Zergeisterung reflects a special quality of that attitude, indicatable with terms like disillusion or with speaking about an open, that means: non-self-contained system. Finally Zergeisterung responds to the development of ideas generally, scriptured in the European enlightenment and globalized to date. The term has a relation to spiritedness and enthusiasm, but it is not antagonistical. The German word Zergeisterung is not translatable. 5436 2006-05-29T13:05:19Z Ahoerstemeier 7 Please see [[:en:Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Zergeisterung]] Please see [[:en:Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Zergeisterung]] [[User:Ahoerstemeier|Ahoerstemeier]] 13:05, 29 May 2006 (UTC) User talk:Sasakthi 1901 5369 2006-05-09T15:21:24Z 217.153.83.162 Hello. I'm wikipedia-redactor form Poland (Europe). We have action for promoting our city [[:en:Katowice]]. In this action we are tying do get article about Katowice in all possible languages. Please help us translate article about [[:en:Katowice]] into Your language. If You have no time, tranlate just a few lines (a few words). Best Regards [[:pl:w:Stimoroll|Stimoroll]] User talk:Jose77 1902 5375 2006-05-11T08:03:51Z Jose77 94 <div align="center" class="usermessage">[[Image:Internet-group-chat.svg|left|25px]] '''For a quicker reply, please leave your messages [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=User_talk:Jose77&action=edit&section=new Here]</div> User:Jose77 1903 5376 2006-05-11T08:04:06Z Jose77 94 [[en:User:Jose77]] ජාත්‍යන්තර අභ්‍යවකාශ මධ්‍යස්ථානය 1904 5381 2006-05-16T13:46:34Z Lee 85 {| align=right border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width="260" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #ffffff; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" !colspan="3" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|'''ජාත්‍යන්තර අභ්‍යවකාශ මධ්‍යස්ථානය''' |- |colspan="3" align="center"| {| |[[Image:ISS_Aug2005.jpg|none|250px|]] ජාත්‍යන්තර අභ්‍යවකාශ මධ්‍යස්ථානය, 2005 අගෝස්තු 7 වැනිදා ඩිස්කවරි අභ්‍යවකාශ ෂටලයෙන් වෙන්වීමෙන් අනතුරුව |} {| International Space Station insignia |} |- !colspan="3" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|ISS Statistics |- |width="40%"|'''Crew:'''||width="30%"| 2 || width="30%"| As of [[March 5]], [[2006]] |- |''' [[Perigee]]: '''|| 352.8 km || " |- |'''Apogee:'''|| 354.2 km || " |- |'''[[Orbital period]]:'''|| 91.61 minutes || " |- |'''Inclination:'''|| 51.64 degrees || " |- |'''Orbits per day:'''|| 15.72 || " |- |'''Days in orbit:''' || 2,473 || [[August 28]], [[2005]] |- |''' Days occupied:''' || 1,759 || " |- |'''Total orbits:''' || 38,694 || " |- |'''Distance traveled:''' || ≈1,400,000,000 km || [[June 17]], [[2005]] |- |''' Average speed:''' || 27,685.7 km/h || " |- |'''Mass:'''|| 183,283 kg || [[August 28]], [[2005]] |- |'''Living volume:'''|| 425 m³ || " |- !colspan="3" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|'''ජාත්‍යන්තර අභ්‍යවකාශ මධ්‍යස්ථානය ''' |- |colspan="3" align="center"| {| | [[Image:143942main ISS config.jpg|250px|right|ISS elements (NASA)]] International Space Station elements as of March 2006. Click to enlarge. |} |- !colspan="3" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|ISS Diagram |- |} '''ජාත්‍යන්තර අභ්‍යවකාශ මධ්‍යස්ථානය''' අභ්‍යවකාශ ආයතන පහක (5) හවුල් ව්‍යාපෘතියකි; ඒ නාසා ආයතනය (ඇමෙරිකා එකසත් ජනපදය), රුසියානු අභ්‍යවකාශ ඒජන්සිය (රුසියානු සමූහාණ්ඩුව), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (ජපානය), කැනේඩියානු අභ්‍යවකාශ ඒජන්සිය (කැනඩාව) සහ යුරෝපීය අභ්‍යවකාශ ඒජන්සිය (යුරෝපය) යන ආයතන පහයි. The Brazilian Space Agency (Brazil) participates through a separate contract with NASA. The Italian Space Agency similarly has separate contracts for various activities not done in the framework of ESA ISS works (where Italy also fully participates). The space station is located in orbit around the Earth at an altitude of approximately 360 km (220 miles), a type of orbit usually termed low Earth orbit (The actual height varies over time by several kilometres due to atmospheric drag and reboosts [2]). It orbits Earth in a period of about 92 minutes; by June 2005 it had completed more than 37,500 orbits since launch of the Zarya module on November 20, 1998. In many ways the ISS represents a merger of previously planned independent space stations: Russia's Mir 2, United States' Space Station Freedom and the planned European Columbus and Japanese Experiment Module. Due to the ISS, there is a permanent human presence in space, as there have always been at least two people on board ISS since the first permanent crew entered the ISS on November 2, 2000. It is serviced primarily by the Soyuz, Progress spacecraft units and Space Shuttle. The ISS is currently still under construction with a projected completion date of 2010. At present, the station has a capacity for a crew of three. So far, all permanent crewmembers have come from the Russian or United States space programs. The ISS has however been visited by astronauts from a large number of other countries and was also the destination of the first three space tourists. ==ඉතිහාසය== [[Image:ISS June 1999.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Zarya and Node 1 in 1999]] [[bg:Международна космическа станция]] [[bs:Međunarodna svemirska stanica]] [[ca:Estació Espacial Internacional]] [[cs:Mezinárodní vesmírná stanice]] [[da:Den Internationale Rumstation]] [[de:Internationale Raumstation]] [[es:Estación Espacial Internacional]] [[eo:Internacia Kosmostacio]] [[fr:Station spatiale internationale]] [[gl:Estación Espacial Internacional]] [[id:Stasiun Luar Angkasa Internasional]] [[is:Alþjóðlega geimstöðin]] [[it:Stazione Spaziale Internazionale]] [[he:תחנת החלל הבינלאומית]] [[hu:Nemzetközi Űrállomás]] [[nl:Internationaal ruimtestation ISS]] [[ja:国際宇宙ステーション]] [[ms:Stesyen Angkasa Antarabangsa(ISS)]] [[nn:Den internasjonale romstasjonen]] [[no:Den internasjonale romstasjonen]] [[pl:Międzynarodowa Stacja Kosmiczna]] [[pt:Estação Espacial Internacional]] [[ru:Международная космическая станция]] [[sk:Medzinárodná vesmírna stanica]] [[sr:Међународна свемирска станица]] [[fi:Kansainvälinen avaruusasema]] [[sv:ISS]] [[tr:Uluslararası Uzay İstasyonu]] [[vi:Trạm Vũ trụ Quốc tế]] [[zh:国际空间站]] 5382 2006-05-16T13:49:03Z Lee 85 {| align=right border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width="260" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #ffffff; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" !colspan="3" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|'''ජාත්‍යන්තර අභ්‍යවකාශ මධ්‍යස්ථානය''' |- |colspan="3" align="center"| {| |[[Image:ISS_Aug2005.jpg|none|250px|]] ජාත්‍යන්තර අභ්‍යවකාශ මධ්‍යස්ථානය, 2005 අගෝස්තු 7 වැනිදා ඩිස්කවරි අභ්‍යවකාශ ෂටලයෙන් වෙන්වීමෙන් අනතුරුව |} {| International Space Station insignia |} |- !colspan="3" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|ISS Statistics |- |width="40%"|'''Crew:'''||width="30%"| 2 || width="30%"| As of [[March 5]], [[2006]] |- |''' [[Perigee]]: '''|| 352.8 km || " |- |'''Apogee:'''|| 354.2 km || " |- |'''[[Orbital period]]:'''|| 91.61 minutes || " |- |'''Inclination:'''|| 51.64 degrees || " |- |'''Orbits per day:'''|| 15.72 || " |- |'''Days in orbit:''' || 2,473 || [[August 28]], [[2005]] |- |''' Days occupied:''' || 1,759 || " |- |'''Total orbits:''' || 38,694 || " |- |'''Distance traveled:''' || ≈1,400,000,000 km || [[June 17]], [[2005]] |- |''' Average speed:''' || 27,685.7 km/h || " |- |'''Mass:'''|| 183,283 kg || [[August 28]], [[2005]] |- |'''Living volume:'''|| 425 m³ || " |- !colspan="3" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|'''ජාත්‍යන්තර අභ්‍යවකාශ මධ්‍යස්ථානය ''' |- |colspan="3" align="center"| {| | [[Image:143942main ISS config.jpg|250px|right|ISS elements (NASA)]] International Space Station elements as of March 2006. Click to enlarge. |} |- !colspan="3" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|ISS Diagram |- |} '''ජාත්‍යන්තර අභ්‍යවකාශ මධ්‍යස්ථානය''' අභ්‍යවකාශ ආයතන පහක (5) හවුල් ව්‍යාපෘතියකි; ඒ නාසා ආයතනය (ඇමෙරිකා එකසත් ජනපදය), රුසියානු අභ්‍යවකාශ ඒජන්සිය (රුසියානු සමූහාණ්ඩුව), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (ජපානය), කැනේඩියානු අභ්‍යවකාශ ඒජන්සිය (කැනඩාව) සහ යුරෝපීය අභ්‍යවකාශ ඒජන්සිය (යුරෝපය) යන ආයතන පහයි. The Brazilian Space Agency (Brazil) participates through a separate contract with NASA. The Italian Space Agency similarly has separate contracts for various activities not done in the framework of ESA ISS works (where Italy also fully participates). The space station is located in orbit around the Earth at an altitude of approximately 360 km (220 miles), a type of orbit usually termed low Earth orbit (The actual height varies over time by several kilometres due to atmospheric drag and reboosts [2]). It orbits Earth in a period of about 92 minutes; by June 2005 it had completed more than 37,500 orbits since launch of the Zarya module on November 20, 1998. In many ways the ISS represents a merger of previously planned independent space stations: Russia's Mir 2, United States' Space Station Freedom and the planned European Columbus and Japanese Experiment Module. Due to the ISS, there is a permanent human presence in space, as there have always been at least two people on board ISS since the first permanent crew entered the ISS on November 2, 2000. It is serviced primarily by the Soyuz, Progress spacecraft units and Space Shuttle. The ISS is currently still under construction with a projected completion date of 2010. At present, the station has a capacity for a crew of three. So far, all permanent crewmembers have come from the Russian or United States space programs. The ISS has however been visited by astronauts from a large number of other countries and was also the destination of the first three space tourists. ==ඉතිහාසය== [[Image:ISS June 1999.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Zarya and Node 1 in 1999]] [[bg:Международна космическа станция]] [[bs:Međunarodna svemirska stanica]] [[ca:Estació Espacial Internacional]] [[cs:Mezinárodní vesmírná stanice]] [[da:Den Internationale Rumstation]] [[de:Internationale Raumstation]] [[en:International Space Station]] [[es:Estación Espacial Internacional]] [[eo:Internacia Kosmostacio]] [[fr:Station spatiale internationale]] [[gl:Estación Espacial Internacional]] [[id:Stasiun Luar Angkasa Internasional]] [[is:Alþjóðlega geimstöðin]] [[it:Stazione Spaziale Internazionale]] [[he:תחנת החלל הבינלאומית]] [[hu:Nemzetközi Űrállomás]] [[nl:Internationaal ruimtestation ISS]] [[ja:国際宇宙ステーション]] [[ms:Stesyen Angkasa Antarabangsa(ISS)]] [[nn:Den internasjonale romstasjonen]] [[no:Den internasjonale romstasjonen]] [[pl:Międzynarodowa Stacja Kosmiczna]] [[pt:Estação Espacial Internacional]] [[ru:Международная космическая станция]] [[sk:Medzinárodná vesmírna stanica]] [[sr:Међународна свемирска станица]] [[fi:Kansainvälinen avaruusasema]] [[sv:ISS]] [[tr:Uluslararası Uzay İstasyonu]] [[vi:Trạm Vũ trụ Quốc tế]] [[zh:国际空间站]] 5383 2006-05-16T14:20:22Z Lee 85 {| align=right border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width="260" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #ffffff; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" !colspan="3" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|'''ජාත්‍යන්තර අභ්‍යවකාශ මධ්‍යස්ථානය''' |- |colspan="3" align="center"| {| |[[Image:ISS_Aug2005.jpg|none|250px|]] ජාත්‍යන්තර අභ්‍යවකාශ මධ්‍යස්ථානය, 2005 අගෝස්තු 7 වැනිදා ඩිස්කවරි අභ්‍යවකාශ ෂටලයෙන් වෙන්වීමෙන් අනතුරුව |} {| International Space Station insignia |} |- !colspan="3" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|ISS Statistics |- |width="40%"|'''Crew:'''||width="30%"| 2 || width="30%"| As of [[March 5]], [[2006]] |- |''' [[Perigee]]: '''|| 352.8 km || " |- |'''Apogee:'''|| 354.2 km || " |- |'''[[Orbital period]]:'''|| 91.61 minutes || " |- |'''Inclination:'''|| 51.64 degrees || " |- |'''Orbits per day:'''|| 15.72 || " |- |'''Days in orbit:''' || 2,473 || [[August 28]], [[2005]] |- |''' Days occupied:''' || 1,759 || " |- |'''Total orbits:''' || 38,694 || " |- |'''Distance traveled:''' || ≈1,400,000,000 km || [[June 17]], [[2005]] |- |''' Average speed:''' || 27,685.7 km/h || " |- |'''Mass:'''|| 183,283 kg || [[August 28]], [[2005]] |- |'''Living volume:'''|| 425 m³ || " |- !colspan="3" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|'''ජාත්‍යන්තර අභ්‍යවකාශ මධ්‍යස්ථානය ''' |- |colspan="3" align="center"| {| | [[Image:143942main ISS config.jpg|250px|right|ISS elements (NASA)]] International Space Station elements as of March 2006. Click to enlarge. |} |- !colspan="3" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|ISS Diagram |- |} '''ජාත්‍යන්තර අභ්‍යවකාශ මධ්‍යස්ථානය''' අභ්‍යවකාශ ආයතන පහක (5) හවුල් ව්‍යාපෘතියකි; ඒ නාසා ආයතනය (ඇමෙරිකා එකසත් ජනපදය), රුසියානු අභ්‍යවකාශ ඒජන්සිය (රුසියානු සමූහාණ්ඩුව), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (ජපානය), කැනේඩියානු අභ්‍යවකාශ ඒජන්සිය (කැනඩාව) සහ යුරෝපීය අභ්‍යවකාශ ඒජන්සිය (යුරෝපය) යන ආයතන පහයි. The Brazilian Space Agency (Brazil) participates through a separate contract with NASA. The Italian Space Agency similarly has separate contracts for various activities not done in the framework of ESA ISS works (where Italy also fully participates). The space station is located in orbit around the Earth at an altitude of approximately 360 km (220 miles), a type of orbit usually termed low Earth orbit (The actual height varies over time by several kilometres due to atmospheric drag and reboosts [2]). It orbits Earth in a period of about 92 minutes; by June 2005 it had completed more than 37,500 orbits since launch of the Zarya module on November 20, 1998. In many ways the ISS represents a merger of previously planned independent space stations: Russia's Mir 2, United States' Space Station Freedom and the planned European Columbus and Japanese Experiment Module. Due to the ISS, there is a permanent human presence in space, as there have always been at least two people on board ISS since the first permanent crew entered the ISS on November 2, 2000. It is serviced primarily by the Soyuz, Progress spacecraft units and Space Shuttle. The ISS is currently still under construction with a projected completion date of 2010. At present, the station has a capacity for a crew of three. So far, all permanent crewmembers have come from the Russian or United States space programs. The ISS has however been visited by astronauts from a large number of other countries and was also the destination of the first three space tourists. ==ඉතිහාසය== [[Image:ISS June 1999.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Zarya and Node 1 in 1999]] [[Category:ජාත්‍යන්තර අභ්‍යවකාශ මධ්‍යස්ථානය]] [[bg:Международна космическа станция]] [[bs:Međunarodna svemirska stanica]] [[ca:Estació Espacial Internacional]] [[cs:Mezinárodní vesmírná stanice]] [[da:Den Internationale Rumstation]] [[de:Internationale Raumstation]] [[en:International Space Station]] [[es:Estación Espacial Internacional]] [[eo:Internacia Kosmostacio]] [[fr:Station spatiale internationale]] [[gl:Estación Espacial Internacional]] [[id:Stasiun Luar Angkasa Internasional]] [[is:Alþjóðlega geimstöðin]] [[it:Stazione Spaziale Internazionale]] [[he:תחנת החלל הבינלאומית]] [[hu:Nemzetközi Űrállomás]] [[nl:Internationaal ruimtestation ISS]] [[ja:国際宇宙ステーション]] [[ms:Stesyen Angkasa Antarabangsa(ISS)]] [[nn:Den internasjonale romstasjonen]] [[no:Den internasjonale romstasjonen]] [[pl:Międzynarodowa Stacja Kosmiczna]] [[pt:Estação Espacial Internacional]] [[ru:Международная космическая станция]] [[sk:Medzinárodná vesmírna stanica]] [[sr:Међународна свемирска станица]] [[fi:Kansainvälinen avaruusasema]] [[sv:ISS]] [[tr:Uluslararası Uzay İstasyonu]] [[vi:Trạm Vũ trụ Quốc tế]] [[zh:国际空间站]] Category:ජාත්‍යන්තර අභ්‍යවකාශ මධ්‍යස්ථානය 1905 5384 2006-05-16T14:26:10Z Lee 85 {{commonscat|ජාත්‍යන්තර අභ්‍යවකාශ මධ්‍යස්ථානය}} {{catmore}} [[Category:Big Science]] [[Category:Manned spacecraft]] [[Category:Space stations]] [[bg:Категория:Международна космическа станция]] [[bs:Kategorija:Međunarodna svemirska stanica]] [[en:Category:International Space Station]] [[pl:Kategoria:Międzynarodowa Stacja Kosmiczna]] [[pt:Categoria:Estação Espacial Internacional]] 5387 2006-05-16T14:53:02Z Lee 85 {{catmore}} [[Category:Big Science]] [[Category:Manned spacecraft]] [[Category:Space stations]] [[bg:Категория:Международна космическа станция]] [[bs:Kategorija:Međunarodna svemirska stanica]] [[en:Category:International Space Station]] [[pl:Kategoria:Międzynarodowa Stacja Kosmiczna]] [[pt:Categoria:Estação Espacial Internacional]] Template:Catmore 1906 5385 2006-05-16T14:28:34Z Lee 85 :<div class="boilerplate" id="catmore">''The main article for this [[Wikipedia:Category|category]] is '''[[{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}]]'''.''</div> <noinclude> [[Category:Internal link templates|Catmore]] [[en:Template:Catmore]] [[ru:Шаблон:CatMore]] </noinclude> Template:Commonscat 1907 5386 2006-05-16T14:30:24Z Lee 85 <div class="infobox sisterproject"> <div style="float: left;">[[Image:Commons-logo.svg|50px|none|Commons logo]]</div> <div style="margin-left: 60px;">[[Wikimedia Commons]] has media related to: <div style="margin-left: 10px;">'''''[[Commons:Category:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}]]'''''</div> </div> </div><noinclude>[[Category:Interwiki link templates|Commonscat]] [[da:Skabelon:Commonscat]] [[de:Vorlage:Commons2]] [[en:Template:Commonscat]] [[fr:Modèle:CommonsCat]] [[hr:Template:Commonscat]] [[hu:Template:Commonscat]] [[nl:Sjabloon:Commonscat]] [[no:Mal:Commonscat]] [[ja:Template:Commonscat]] [[os:Шаблон:Commonscat]] [[pt:Predefinição:Commonscat]] [[ru:Template:Commonscat]] [[fi:Malline:Commonscat]] [[sv:Mall:Commonscat]] [[th:Template:Commonscat]] [[vi:Tiêu bản:Commonscat]] [[zh:Template:Commonscat]] </noinclude> Template:WikipediaINTRO 1908 5391 2006-05-17T10:31:11Z Lee 85 {|style="width:100%;margin-top:+.7em;background-color:#fcfcfc;border:1px solid #ccc" |style="width:56%;color:#000"| {|style="width:280px;border:solid 0px;background:none" |- |style="width:280px;text-align:center;white-space:nowrap;color:#000" | <div style="font-size:162%;border:none;margin: 0;padding:.1em;color:#000">ආයුබෝවන්! </div><div style="top:+0.2em;font-size: 90%"> විකිපීඩියා ඕනෑම කෙනකුට වැඩිදියුණු කල හැකි විශ්‍‍වකෝෂ‍ය‍. </div> <div id="articlecount" style="width:100%;text-align:center;font-size:85%;">[[සිංහල]] භාෂා සංස්කරණයේ පිටු [[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]]කි. </div> |} |style="width:11%;font-size:95%;color:#000"| *[[Portal:Arts|Arts]] *[[Portal:Biography|Biography]] *[[Portal:Geography|Geography]] |style="width:11%;font-size:95%"| *[[Portal:History|History]] *[[Portal:Mathematics|Mathematics]] *[[Portal:Science|Science]] |style="width:11%;font-size:95%"| *[[Portal:Society|Society]] *[[Portal:Technology|Technology]] *'''[[Portal:Browse|All portals]]''' |} 5392 2006-05-17T13:47:39Z Lee 85 {|style="width:100%;margin-top:+.7em;background-color:#fcfcfc;border:1px solid #ccc" |style="width:56%;color:#000"| {|style="width:280px;border:solid 0px;background:none" |- |style="width:280px;text-align:center;white-space:nowrap;color:#000" | <div style="font-size:162%;border:none;margin: 0;padding:.1em;color:#000">ආයුබෝවන්! </div><div style="top:+0.2em;font-size: 90%">විකිපීඩියා නම් වන ඕනෑම කෙනකුට වැඩිදියුණු කල හැකි විශ්‍‍වකෝෂ‍ය‍. </div> <div id="articlecount" style="width:100%;text-align:center;font-size:85%;">[[සිංහල]] භාෂා සංස්කරණයේ පිටු [[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]]කි. </div> |} |style="width:11%;font-size:95%;color:#000"| *[[Portal:Arts|Arts]] *[[Portal:Biography|Biography]] *[[Portal:Geography|Geography]] |style="width:11%;font-size:95%"| *[[Portal:History|History]] *[[Portal:Mathematics|Mathematics]] *[[Portal:Science|Science]] |style="width:11%;font-size:95%"| *[[Portal:Society|Society]] *[[Portal:Technology|Technology]] *'''[[Portal:Browse|All portals]]''' |} {|style="width:100%;background:none;margin:-.8em 0 -.7em 0" |style="font-size:95%;text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;color:#000"|[[Wikipedia:About|Overview]] '''·''' [[Wikipedia:Searching|Searching]] '''·''' [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Editing]] '''·''' [[Wikipedia:Questions|Questions]] '''·''' [[Help:Contents|Help]] |style="font-size:95%;padding:10px 0;margin:0px;text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;color:#000"| [[Wikipedia:Browse|Categories]] '''·''' [[Wikipedia:Featured content|Featured content]] '''·''' [[Wikipedia:Quick index|A–Z index]] |} 5393 2006-05-17T13:55:22Z Lee 85 {|style="width:100%;margin-top:+.7em;background-color:#f5fffa;border:1px solid #ccc" |style="width:56%;color:#000"| {|style="width:280px;border:solid 0px;background:none" |- |style="width:280px;text-align:center;white-space:nowrap;color:#000" | <div style="font-size:162%;border:none;margin: 0;padding:.1em;color:#000">ආයුබෝවන්! </div><div style="top:+0.2em;font-size: 90%">විකිපීඩියා නම් වන ඕනෑම කෙනකුට වැඩිදියුණු කල හැකි විශ්‍‍වකෝෂ‍ය‍. </div> <div id="articlecount" style="width:100%;text-align:center;font-size:85%;">[[සිංහල]] භාෂා සංස්කරණයේ පිටු [[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]]කි. </div> |} |style="width:11%;font-size:95%;color:#000"| *[[Portal:Arts|Arts]] *[[Portal:Biography|Biography]] *[[Portal:Geography|Geography]] |style="width:11%;font-size:95%"| *[[Portal:History|History]] *[[Portal:Mathematics|Mathematics]] *[[Portal:Science|Science]] |style="width:11%;font-size:95%"| *[[Portal:Society|Society]] *[[Portal:Technology|Technology]] *'''[[Portal:Browse|All portals]]''' |} {|style="width:100%;background:none;margin:-.8em 0 -.7em 0" |style="font-size:95%;text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;color:#000"|[[Wikipedia:About|Overview]] '''·''' [[Wikipedia:Searching|Searching]] '''·''' [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Editing]] '''·''' [[Wikipedia:Questions|Questions]] '''·''' [[Help:Contents|Help]] |style="font-size:95%;padding:10px 0;margin:0px;text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;color:#000"| [[Wikipedia:Browse|Categories]] '''·''' [[Wikipedia:Featured content|Featured content]] '''·''' [[Wikipedia:Quick index|A–Z index]] |} 5394 2006-05-17T14:20:46Z Lee 85 {|style="width:100%;margin-top:+.7em;background-color:#f5fffa;border:1px solid #ccc" |style="width:56%;color:#000"| {|style="width:280px;border:solid 0px;background:none" |- |style="width:280px;text-align:center;white-space:nowrap;color:#000" | <div style="font-size:162%;border:none;margin: 0;padding:.1em;color:#000">ආයුබෝවන්! </div><div style="top:+0.2em;font-size: 90%">විකිපීඩියා නම් වන ඕනෑම කෙනකුට වැඩිදියුණු කල හැකි විශ්‍‍වකෝෂ‍ය‍. </div> <div id="articlecount" style="width:100%;text-align:center;font-size:85%;">[[සිංහල]] භාෂා සංස්කරණයේ පිටු [[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]]කි. </div> |} |style="width:11%;font-size:95%;color:#000"| *[[Portal:කලා|කලා]] *[[Portal:චරිතාපදාන|චරිතාපදාන]] *[[Portal:Geography|Geography]] |style="width:11%;font-size:95%"| *[[Portal:ඉතිහාසය|ඉතිහාසය]] *[[Portal:ගණිතය|ගණිතය]] *[[Portal:විද්‍යාව|විද්‍යාව]] |style="width:11%;font-size:95%"| *[[Portal:සමාජය|සමාජය]] *[[Portal:තාක්ෂණය|තාක්ෂණය]] *'''[[Portal:Browse|All portals]]''' |} {|style="width:100%;background:none;margin:-.8em 0 -.7em 0" |style="font-size:95%;text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;color:#000"|[[Wikipedia:About|Overview]] '''·''' [[Wikipedia:Searching|Searching]] '''·''' [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Editing]] '''·''' [[Wikipedia:Questions|Questions]] '''·''' [[Help:Contents|Help]] |style="font-size:95%;padding:10px 0;margin:0px;text-align:right;white-space:nowrap;color:#000"| [[Wikipedia:Browse|Categories]] '''·''' [[Wikipedia:Featured content|Featured content]] '''·''' [[Wikipedia:Quick index|A–Z index]] |} MediaWiki:Common.css 1909 5396 2006-05-18T12:29:00Z Lee 85 /* '''Common CSS for all skins''' '''Notice to Administrators!''' Any changes to [[Mediawiki:Monobook.css|Monobook.css]] or [[MediaWiki:Common.css|Common.css]] should be first proposed to [[Wikipedia:Village Pump]]. Always check with the [http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/validator?uri=http%3A%2F%2Fsi.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DMediaWiki%3ACommon.css%26action%3Draw%26ctype%3Dtext%2Fcss&usermedium=all W3C CSS Validation Service] after any changes. Thank you. (In [[Mozilla]] and [[Opera (web browser)|Opera]], you can test style changes dynamically with the [http://www.squarefree.com/bookmarklets/webdevel.html test styles] bookmarklet from squarefree.com. It pops up a window for adding style rules, and updates the page as you type.) <pre><nowiki>*/ /* make the list of references look smaller */ ol.references { font-size: 100%; } .references-small { font-size: 90%;} /* wikitable/prettytable class for skinning normal tables */ table.wikitable, table.prettytable { margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; } table.wikitable th, table.wikitable td, table.prettytable th, table.prettytable td { border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; padding: 0.2em; } table.wikitable th, table.prettytable th { background: #f2f2f2; text-align: center; } table.wikitable caption, table.prettytable caption { margin-left: inherit; margin-right: inherit; } /* Style for "notices" */ .notice { text-align: justify; margin: 1em; padding: 0.2em; } #disambig { border-top: 3px double #cccccc; border-bottom: 3px double #cccccc; } #spoiler { border-top: 2px solid #ddd; border-bottom:2px solid #ddd; } /* Standard talk template style */ .Talk-Notice { border: 1px solid #C0C090; background-color: #F8EABA; margin-bottom: 3px; width: 80%; border-spacing: 3px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } .Talk-Notice:after { content: "The CSS for this template should be changed. See [[Wikipedia:Template Standardisation]]."; } /* Make template background appear correctly on all browsers */ .Talk-Notice td { background: inherit; } /* Metadata */ table.metadata { border: 1px solid #aaaaaa; display: none; speak: none; } .metadata-label { color: #aaaaaa; } /* Makes redirects appear in italics on [[Special:Allpages]] */ .allpagesredirect { font-style: italic; } /* Choose whether to have AD/BC dates or CE/BCE dates*/ /* First, the default : display both : See templates ADCE and BCEBC for how these are used*/ .Use_Default_Date_Convention { display: inline; } .Use_AD_and_BC { display: none; } .Use_BCE_and_CE { display: none; } /* If you want to display AD and BC add the following to User:You/monobook.css page */ /* .Use_Default_Date_Convention { display: none; } .Use_AD_and_BC { display:inline; } .Use_BCE_and_CE { display:none; } */ /*If you want to display CE and BCE add the following to User:You/monobook.css page */ /* .Use_Default_Date_Convention { display: none; } .Use_AD_and_BC { display:none; } .Use_BCE_and_CE {display:inline; } */ /* Class for links with loudspeaker icon next to them */ .audiolink a{ background: url("http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Loudspeaker.png") center left no-repeat !important; padding-left: 16px !important; padding-right: 0 !important; } /* Icons for medialist templates [[Template:Listen]], [[Template:Multi-listen_start]], [[Template:Video]], [[Template:Multi-video_start]] */ div.listenlist { background: url("http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Gnome-speakernotes.png/30px-Gnome-speakernotes.png"); padding-left: 40px; } div.videolist { background: url("http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Video.svg/40px-Video.svg.png"); padding-left: 50px; } div.multivideolist { background: url("http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/20/Tango-video-x-generic.png/40px-Tango-video-x-generic.png"); padding-left: 50px; } /* Style rules for media list templates */ div.medialist { min-height: 50px; margin: 1em; background-position: top left; background-repeat: no-repeat; } div.medialist ul { list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none; margin: 0; } div.medialist ul li { padding-bottom: 0.5em; } div.medialist ul li li { font-size: 91%; padding-bottom: 0; } /* Content in columns with CSS instead of tables [[Template:Columns]] */ div.columns-2 div.column { float: left; width: 50%; min-width: 300px; } div.columns-3 div.column { float: left; width: 33.3%; min-width: 200px; } div.columns-4 div.column { float: left; width: 25%; min-width: 150px; } div.columns-5 div.column { float: left; width: 20%; min-width: 120px; } /*Add formatting to make sure that "external references" from [[Template:Ref]] do not get URL expansion, not even when printed. The mechanism up to MediaWiki 1.4 was that the HTML code contained a SPAN following the anchor A; this SPAN had the class "urlexpansion", which was not displayed on screen, but was shown when the medium was "print". The rules below ensure (a) that there is no extra padding to the right of the anchor (displayed as "[<number>]"), (b) that there is no "external link arrow" for the link, and (c) that this SPAN of class "urlexpansion" is never shown. ~~~~ */ .plainlinksneverexpand { background: none ! important; padding: 0 ! important; } .plainlinksneverexpand .urlexpansion { display: none ! important; } /* Make sure that ext links displayed within "plainlinksneverexpand" don't get the arrow... */ .plainlinksneverexpand a { background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } /* With MediaWiki 1.5, the mechanism has changed: instead of a SPAN of class "urlexpansion" following the anchor A, the anchor itself now has class "external autonumber" and the expansion is inserted when printing (see the common printing style sheet at http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/commonPrint.css) using the ":after" pseudo- element of CSS. We have to switch this off for links due to Template:Ref! ~~~~ */ .plainlinksneverexpand a.external.text:after { display: none !important; } .plainlinksneverexpand a.external.autonumber:after { display: none !important; } /* Messagebox templates */ .messagebox { border: 1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color: #f9f9f9; width: 80%; margin: 0 auto 1em auto; padding: .2em; text-align: justify; } .messagebox.merge { border: 1px solid #c0b8cc; background-color: #f0e5ff; text-align: center; } .messagebox.cleanup { border: 1px solid #9f9fff; background-color: #efefff; text-align: center; } .messagebox.standard-talk { border: 1px solid #c0c090; background-color: #f8eaba; } /* Infobox template style */ .infobox { border: 1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color: #f9f9f9; color: black; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1em; padding: 0.2em; float: right; clear: right; } .infobox td, .infobox th { vertical-align: top; } .infobox caption { font-size: larger; margin-left: inherit; } .infobox.bordered { border-collapse: collapse; } .infobox.bordered td, .infobox.bordered th { border: 1px solid #aaaaaa; } .infobox.bordered .borderless td, .infobox.bordered .borderless th { border: 0; } .infobox.sisterproject { width: 20em; font-size: 90%; } /* Put a checker background at the image description page only visible if the image has transparent background */ #file img {background: url("http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Checker-16x16.png") repeat;} /* Support for Template:IPA, Template:Unicode and Template:Polytonic. The inherit declaration resets the font for all browsers except MSIE6. The empty comment must remain. Please copy any changes to [[Template:IPA fonts]] and [[Template:Unicode fonts]]. */ .IPA { font-family: Chrysanthi Unicode, Doulos SIL, Gentium, GentiumAlt, Code2000, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, DejaVu Sans, Bitstream Vera Sans, Bitstream Cyberbit, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode, Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro, Matrix Unicode; font-family /**/:inherit; } .Unicode { font-family: TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Doulos SIL, Chrysanthi Unicode, Bitstream Cyberbit, Bitstream CyberBase, Bitstream Vera, Thryomanes, Gentium, GentiumAlt, Visual Geez Unicode, Lucida Grande, Arial Unicode MS, Microsoft Sans Serif, Lucida Sans Unicode; font-family /**/:inherit; } .latinx { font-family: TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Code2000, Microsoft Sans Serif; font-family /**/:inherit; } .polytonic { font-family: Athena, Gentium, Palatino Linotype, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Code2000; font-family /**/:inherit; } .mufi { font-family: Alphabetum, Cardo, LeedsUni, Junicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, ALPHA-Demo; 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} .charboxsilver a:link, .charboxsilver a:hover, .charboxsilver a:visited, .charboxsilver a:active { color: silver; } .charboxgray a:link, .charboxgray a:hover, .charboxgray a:visited, .charboxgray a:active { color: gray; } .charboxwhite a:link, .charboxwhite a:hover, .charboxwhite a:visited, .charboxwhite a:active { color: white; } .charboxmaroon a:link, .charboxmaroon a:hover, .charboxmaroon a:visited, .charboxmaroon a:active { color: maroon; } .charboxred a:link, .charboxred a:hover, .charboxred a:visited, .charboxred a:active { color: red; } .charboxpurple a:link, .charboxpurple a:hover, .charboxpurple a:visited, .charboxpurple a:active { color: purple; } .charboxfuchsia a:link, .charboxfuchsia a:hover, .charboxfuchsia a:visited, .charboxfuchsia a:active { color: fuchsia; } .charboxgreen a:link, .charboxgreen a:hover, .charboxgreen a:visited, .charboxgreen a:active { color: green; } .charboxlime a:link, .charboxlime a:hover, .charboxlime a:visited, .charboxlime a:active { color: lime; } .charboxolive a:link, .charboxolive a:hover, .charboxolive a:visited, .charboxolive a:active { color: olive; } .charboxyellow a:link, .charboxyellow a:hover, .charboxyellow a:visited, .charboxyellow a:active { color: yellow; } .charboxnavy a:link, .charboxnavy a:hover, .charboxnavy a:visited, .charboxnavy a:active { color: navy; } .charboxblue a:link, .charboxblue a:hover, .charboxblue a:visited, .charboxblue a:active { color: blue; } .charboxteal a:link, .charboxteal a:hover, .charboxteal a:visited, .charboxteal a:active { color: teal; } .charboxaqua a:link, .charboxaqua a:hover, .charboxaqua a:visited, .charboxaqua a:active { color: aqua; } /* Removes useless links from printout */ @media print { #privacy, #about, #disclaimer {display:none;} } /*</nowiki></pre>*/ දීපවංශය 1910 5402 2006-05-21T09:29:25Z Lee 85 '''දීපවංශය''' යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ඉතිහාසය ගැන ලියවී ඇති පැරණිම ග්‍රන්ථයයි. සිව් වන (4) සියවසේ දී රචනා කරන ලද බවට සලකනු ලබන මෙය Atthakatha මූලාශ්‍ර කොටගෙන ඇතැයි සැලකනු ලබයි. [[මහාවංශය]] සහ දීපවංශය යන දෙකෙහි එකතුව ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ සහ ඉන්දියාවේ අතීතයේ සිදුවීම් රැසකට සාක්ෂි දරයි. [[en:Dipavamsa]] 5636 2006-06-18T09:35:57Z 133.87.1.152 '''දීපවංශය''' යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ඉතිහාසය ගැන ලියවී ඇති පැරණිම ග්‍රන්ථයයි. සිව් වන (4) සියවසේ දී රචනා කරන ලද බවට සලකනු ලබන මෙය Atthakatha මූලාශ්‍ර කොටගෙන ඇතැයි සැලකනු ලබයි. [[මහාවංශය]] සහ දීපවංශය යන දෙකෙහි එකතුව ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ සහ ඉන්දියාවේ අතීතයේ සිදුවීම් රැසකට සාක්ෂි දරයි. [[en:Dipavamsa]] [[ta:தீபவம்சம்]] Template:WikipediaOther 1911 5404 2006-05-21T10:34:39Z Lee 85 {| align="center" width="100%" style="text-align:center" *'''[[Wikipedia:Help desk|Help desk]]''' — Ask questions about using Wikipedia. *'''[[Wikipedia:Reference desk|Reference desk]]''' — Serving as virtual librarians, Wikipedia volunteers tackle your questions on a wide range of subjects. *'''[[Wikipedia:කෝපි කඩේ|කෝපි කඩේ]]''' — For discussions about Wikipedia itself, including areas for technical issues and policies. *'''[[Wikipedia:Community Portal|Community portal]]''' — Bulletin board, projects, resources and activities covering a wide range of Wikipedia areas. *'''[[Wikipedia:News|Site news]]''' — Announcements, updates, articles and press releases on Wikipedia and the Wikimedia Foundation. |} 5415 2006-05-22T14:09:38Z Lee 85 {| align="left" width="100%" style="text-align:center" *'''[[Wikipedia:Help desk|Help desk]]''' — Ask questions about using Wikipedia. *'''[[Wikipedia:Reference desk|Reference desk]]''' — Serving as virtual librarians, Wikipedia volunteers tackle your questions on a wide range of subjects. *'''[[Wikipedia:කෝපි කඩේ|කෝපි කඩේ]]''' — For discussions about Wikipedia itself, including areas for technical issues and policies. *'''[[Wikipedia:Community Portal|Community portal]]''' — Bulletin board, projects, resources and activities covering a wide range of Wikipedia areas. *'''[[Wikipedia:News|Site news]]''' — Announcements, updates, articles and press releases on Wikipedia and the Wikimedia Foundation. |} 5416 2006-05-22T14:11:20Z Lee 85 {| align="center" width="100%" style="text-align:left" *'''[[Wikipedia:Help desk|Help desk]]''' — Ask questions about using Wikipedia. *'''[[Wikipedia:Reference desk|Reference desk]]''' — Serving as virtual librarians, Wikipedia volunteers tackle your questions on a wide range of subjects. *'''[[Wikipedia:කෝපි කඩේ|කෝපි කඩේ]]''' — For discussions about Wikipedia itself, including areas for technical issues and policies. *'''[[Wikipedia:Community Portal|Community portal]]''' — Bulletin board, projects, resources and activities covering a wide range of Wikipedia areas. *'''[[Wikipedia:News|Site news]]''' — Announcements, updates, articles and press releases on Wikipedia and the Wikimedia Foundation. |} 5417 2006-05-22T14:11:45Z Lee 85 {| align="center" width="100%" style="text-align:center" *'''[[Wikipedia:Help desk|Help desk]]''' — Ask questions about using Wikipedia. *'''[[Wikipedia:Reference desk|Reference desk]]''' — Serving as virtual librarians, Wikipedia volunteers tackle your questions on a wide range of subjects. *'''[[Wikipedia:කෝපි කඩේ|කෝපි කඩේ]]''' — For discussions about Wikipedia itself, including areas for technical issues and policies. *'''[[Wikipedia:Community Portal|Community portal]]''' — Bulletin board, projects, resources and activities covering a wide range of Wikipedia areas. *'''[[Wikipedia:News|Site news]]''' — Announcements, updates, articles and press releases on Wikipedia and the Wikimedia Foundation. |} Template:Click 1912 5405 2006-05-21T10:37:22Z Lee 85 <div style="position: relative; width: {{{width}}}; height: {{{height}}}; overflow: hidden"> <div style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; font-size: 100px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 100px; z-index: 3">[[{{{link}}}|   ]]</div> <div style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 2">[[Image:{{{image}}}|{{{width}}}|{{{link}}}]]</div> </div> <noinclude> This template attempts to superimpose an invisible link on an image. It doesn't work in [[Safari (web browser)|Safari]], in text-only browsers, and in screen readers for the disabled, and possibly other situations. The technique of using [[Cascading Style Sheets|CSS]] to change page content also completely breaks an article's [[web accessibility]] by contravening a [[WAI]] priority-one checkpoint.[http://www.w3.org/TR/WAI-WEBCONTENT/#tech-order-style-sheets] Please try to avoid using this template unless absolutely necessary. See also [[Template:Titled-click]] [[als:Vorlage:Link-Bild]] [[ar:قالب:Click]] [[da:Skabelon:Klik]] [[de:Vorlage:Link-Bild]] [[eo:Ŝablono:Click]] [[fr:Modèle:Lien sur image]] [[ko:Template:그림고리]] [[na:Template:Click]] [[nl:Sjabloon:Klik]] [[no:Mal:Klikk]] [[pl:Szablon:Klik]] [[vi:Tiêu bản:Hình tượng]] [[zh:Template:Click]] </noinclude> Template:WikipediaSister 1913 5406 2006-05-21T10:42:06Z Lee 85 Wikipedia is hosted by the [[Wikimedia Foundation]], a non-profit organization that also hosts a range of other [[Wikimedia:Our_projects|projects]]: <div style="float: left; width: 23%; text-align: left"> <div style="float:left;height:3.5em;margin-right:.5em;padding-top:5px">{{Click || image=Wiktionary-logo-35px.gif | link=wiktionary:Main Page | width=35px | height=35px }}</div> [[wiktionary:Main Page|'''Wiktionary''']] Dictionary and thesaurus </div> <div style="float: left; width: 25%; text-align: left"> <div style="float:left;height:3.5em;margin-right:.5em;padding-top:5px">{{Click || image=Wikibooks-logo-35px.png | link=wikibooks:Main Page | width=35px | height=36px }}</div> [[wikibooks:Main Page|'''Wikibooks''']] Free textbooks and manuals </div> <div style="float: left; width: 23%; text-align: left"> <div style="float:left;height:3.5em;margin-right:.5em;padding-top:10px">{{Click || image=Wikinews-logo-35px.png | link=wikinews:Main Page | width=35px | height=21px }}</div> [[wikinews:Main Page|'''Wikinews''']] Free-content news </div> <div style="float: left; width: 25%; text-align: left"> <div style="float:left;height:3.5em;margin-right:.5em;padding-top:5px">{{Click || image=Wikisource-logo-35px.png | link=wikisource:Main Page | width=35px | height=39px }}</div> [[wikisource:Main Page|'''Wikisource''']] Free-content library </div> <div style="clear: left"></div> <div style="float: left; width: 23%; text-align: left"> <div style="float:left;height:3.5em;margin-right:.5em;padding-top:5px">{{Click || image=Wikispecies-logo-35px.png | link=wikispecies:Main Page | width=35px | height=41px }}</div> [[wikispecies:Main Page|'''Wikispecies''']] Directory of species </div> <div style="float: left; width: 25%; text-align: left"> <div style="float:left;height:3.5em;margin-right:.5em;padding-top:5px">{{Click || image=Wikiquote-logo-35px.png | link=wikiquote:Main Page | width=35px | height=41px }}</div> [[wikiquote:Main Page|'''Wikiquote''']] Collection of quotations </div> <div style="float: left; width: 23%; text-align: left"> <div style="float:left;height:3.5em;margin-right:.5em">{{Click || image=Commons-logo-35px.png | link=commons:Main Page | width=35px | height=48px }}</div> [[commons:Main Page|'''Commons''']] Shared media repository </div> <div style="float: left; width: 25%; text-align: left"> <div style="float:left;height:3.5em;margin-right:.5em;padding-top:5px">{{Click || image=Wikimedia-logo-35px.png | link=meta:Main Page | width=35px | height=36px }}</div> [[meta:Main Page|'''Meta-Wiki''']] Wikimedia project coordination </div> 5409 2006-05-22T13:42:20Z Lee 85 Wikipedia is hosted by the [[Wikimedia Foundation]], a non-profit organization that also hosts a range of other [[Wikimedia:Our_projects|projects]]: <div style="float: left; width: 23%; text-align: left"> <div style="float:left;height:3.5em;margin-right:.5em;padding-top:5px">{{Click || image=Wikispecies-logo.jpg | link=wiktionary:Main Page | width=35px | height=35px }}</div> [[wiktionary:Main Page|'''Wiktionary''']] Dictionary and thesaurus </div> <div style="float: left; width: 25%; text-align: left"> <div style="float:left;height:3.5em;margin-right:.5em;padding-top:5px">{{Click || image=Wikibooks-logo.png | link=wikibooks:Main Page | width=35px | height=36px }}</div> [[wikibooks:Main Page|'''Wikibooks''']] Free textbooks and manuals </div> <div style="float: left; width: 23%; text-align: left"> <div style="float:left;height:3.5em;margin-right:.5em;padding-top:10px">{{Click || image=Wikinews-logo.png | link=wikinews:Main Page | width=35px | height=21px }}</div> [[wikinews:Main Page|'''Wikinews''']] Free-content news </div> <div style="float: left; width: 25%; text-align: left"> <div style="float:left;height:3.5em;margin-right:.5em;padding-top:5px">{{Click || image=Wikisource-logo.png | link=wikisource:Main Page | width=35px | height=39px }}</div> [[wikisource:Main Page|'''Wikisource''']] Free-content library </div> <div style="clear: left"></div> <div style="float: left; width: 23%; text-align: left"> <div style="float:left;height:3.5em;margin-right:.5em;padding-top:5px">{{Click || image=Wikispecies-logo.png | link=wikispecies:Main Page | width=35px | height=41px }}</div> [[wikispecies:Main Page|'''Wikispecies''']] Directory of species </div> <div style="float: left; width: 25%; text-align: left"> <div style="float:left;height:3.5em;margin-right:.5em;padding-top:5px">{{Click || image=Wikiquote-logo.svg | link=wikiquote:Main Page | width=35px | height=41px }}</div> [[wikiquote:Main Page|'''Wikiquote''']] Collection of quotations </div> <div style="float: left; width: 23%; text-align: left"> <div style="float:left;height:3.5em;margin-right:.5em">{{Click || image=Commons-logo.png | link=commons:Main Page | width=35px | height=48px }}</div> [[commons:Main Page|'''Commons''']] Shared media repository </div> <div style="float: left; width: 25%; text-align: left"> <div style="float:left;height:3.5em;margin-right:.5em;padding-top:5px">{{Click || image=Wikimedia-logo.png | link=meta:Main Page | width=35px | height=36px }}</div> [[meta:Main Page|'''Meta-Wiki''']] Wikimedia project coordination </div> 5420 2006-05-23T17:15:16Z Lee 85 Wikipedia is hosted by the [[Wikimedia Foundation]], a non-profit organization that also hosts a range of other [[Wikimedia:Our_projects|projects]]: <div style="float: left; width: 23%; text-align: left"> <div style="float:left;height:3.5em;margin-right:.5em;padding-top:5px">{{Click || image=Wiktionary-logo-en.png | link=wiktionary:Main Page | width=35px | height=35px }}</div> [[wiktionary:Main Page|'''Wiktionary''']] Dictionary and thesaurus </div> <div style="float: left; width: 25%; text-align: left"> <div style="float:left;height:3.5em;margin-right:.5em;padding-top:5px">{{Click || image=Wikibooks-logo.png | link=wikibooks:Main Page | width=35px | height=36px }}</div> [[wikibooks:Main Page|'''Wikibooks''']] Free textbooks and manuals </div> <div style="float: left; width: 23%; text-align: left"> <div style="float:left;height:3.5em;margin-right:.5em;padding-top:10px">{{Click || image=Wikinews-logo.png | link=wikinews:Main Page | width=35px | height=21px }}</div> [[wikinews:Main Page|'''Wikinews''']] Free-content news </div> <div style="float: left; width: 25%; text-align: left"> <div style="float:left;height:3.5em;margin-right:.5em;padding-top:5px">{{Click || image=Wikisource-logo.png | link=wikisource:Main Page | width=35px | height=39px }}</div> [[wikisource:Main Page|'''Wikisource''']] Free-content library </div> <div style="clear: left"></div> <div style="float: left; width: 23%; text-align: left"> <div style="float:left;height:3.5em;margin-right:.5em;padding-top:5px">{{Click || image=Wikispecies-logo.png | link=wikispecies:Main Page | width=35px | height=41px }}</div> [[wikispecies:Main Page|'''Wikispecies''']] Directory of species </div> <div style="float: left; width: 25%; text-align: left"> <div style="float:left;height:3.5em;margin-right:.5em;padding-top:5px">{{Click || image=Wikiquote-logo.svg | link=wikiquote:Main Page | width=35px | height=41px }}</div> [[wikiquote:Main Page|'''Wikiquote''']] Collection of quotations </div> <div style="float: left; width: 23%; text-align: left"> <div style="float:left;height:3.5em;margin-right:.5em">{{Click || image=Commons-logo.png | link=commons:Main Page | width=35px | height=48px }}</div> [[commons:Main Page|'''Commons''']] Shared media repository </div> <div style="float: left; width: 25%; text-align: left"> <div style="float:left;height:3.5em;margin-right:.5em;padding-top:5px">{{Click || image=Wikimedia-logo.png | link=meta:Main Page | width=35px | height=36px }}</div> [[meta:Main Page|'''Meta-Wiki''']] Wikimedia project coordination </div> 5427 2006-05-25T10:12:33Z 217.225.127.224 Wikipedia is hosted by the [[Wikimedia Foundation]], a non-profit organization that also hosts a range of other [[Wikimedia:Our_projects|projects]]: <div style="float: left; width: 23%; text-align: left"> <div style="float:left;height:3.5em;margin-right:.5em;padding-top:5px">{{Click || image=Wiktionary-logo-en.png | link=wiktionary:Main Page | width=35px | height=35px }}</div> [[wiktionary:Main Page|'''Wiktionary''']] Dictionary and thesaurus </div> <div style="float: left; width: 25%; text-align: left"> <div style="float:left;height:3.5em;margin-right:.5em;padding-top:5px">{{Click || image=Wikibooks-logo.svg | link=wikibooks:Main Page | width=35px | height=36px }}</div> [[wikibooks:Main Page|'''Wikibooks''']] Free textbooks and manuals </div> <div style="float: left; width: 23%; text-align: left"> <div style="float:left;height:3.5em;margin-right:.5em;padding-top:10px">{{Click || image=Wikinews-logo.png | link=wikinews:Main Page | width=35px | height=21px }}</div> [[wikinews:Main Page|'''Wikinews''']] Free-content news </div> <div style="float: left; width: 25%; text-align: left"> <div style="float:left;height:3.5em;margin-right:.5em;padding-top:5px">{{Click || image=Wikisource-logo.png | link=wikisource:Main Page | width=35px | height=39px }}</div> [[wikisource:Main Page|'''Wikisource''']] Free-content library </div> <div style="clear: left"></div> <div style="float: left; width: 23%; text-align: left"> <div style="float:left;height:3.5em;margin-right:.5em;padding-top:5px">{{Click || image=Wikispecies-logo.png | link=wikispecies:Main Page | width=35px | height=41px }}</div> [[wikispecies:Main Page|'''Wikispecies''']] Directory of species </div> <div style="float: left; width: 25%; text-align: left"> <div style="float:left;height:3.5em;margin-right:.5em;padding-top:5px">{{Click || image=Wikiquote-logo.svg | link=wikiquote:Main Page | width=35px | height=41px }}</div> [[wikiquote:Main Page|'''Wikiquote''']] Collection of quotations </div> <div style="float: left; width: 23%; text-align: left"> <div style="float:left;height:3.5em;margin-right:.5em">{{Click || image=Commons-logo.svg | link=commons:Main Page | width=35px | height=48px }}</div> [[commons:Main Page|'''Commons''']] Shared media repository </div> <div style="float: left; width: 25%; text-align: left"> <div style="float:left;height:3.5em;margin-right:.5em;padding-top:5px">{{Click || image=Wikimedia-logo.svg | link=meta:Main Page | width=35px | height=36px }}</div> [[meta:Main Page|'''Meta-Wiki''']] Wikimedia project coordination </div> Wikipedia:කෝපි කඩේ 1914 5407 2006-05-21T10:55:45Z Lee 85 ආයුබෝවන්! විකිපීඩියා හා සම්බන්ද සාකච්චා සඳහා මෙම පිටුව භාවිතා කරමු. 5430 2006-05-26T07:09:35Z Eranga 96 ආයුබෝවන්! විකිපීඩියා හා සම්බන්‍ධ සාකච්චා සඳහා මෙම පිටුව භාවිතා කරමු. 5431 2006-05-26T07:10:10Z Eranga 96 ආයුබෝවන්! විකිපීඩියා හා සම්බන්‍ධ සාකච්ඡා සඳහා මෙම පිටුව භාවිතා කරමු. 5432 2006-05-26T13:27:11Z Lee 85 ආයුබෝවන්! විකිපීඩියා හා සම්බන්‍ධ සාකච්ඡා සඳහා මෙම පිටුව භාවිතා කරමු. == Sinhala Word for Portal == "පෝටල්" යන්න සඳහා ගැලපෙන සිංහල වචනය ලෙසට "කවුළුව" යන වචනය පාවිච්චි කිරීම ගැන ඔබලාගේ අදහස කුමක්ද? http://www.gov.lk/ වෙබ් අඩවියට අනුව නම් එය බිහිදොර විය යුතුයි. උදා: Portal: Astronomy 1. තාරකා විද්‍යා කවුලුව 2. තාරකා විද්‍යා බිහිදොර All Portals 1. කවුලු සියල්ල 2. ? -- [[User:Lee|Lee]] 13:27, 26 May 2006 (UTC) 5521 2006-06-08T02:47:33Z Eranga 96 ආයුබෝවන්! විකිපීඩියා හා සම්බන්‍ධ සාකච්ඡා සඳහා මෙම පිටුව භාවිතා කරමු. == Sinhala Word for Portal == "පෝටල්" යන්න සඳහා ගැලපෙන සිංහල වචනය ලෙසට "කවුළුව" යන වචනය පාවිච්චි කිරීම ගැන ඔබලාගේ අදහස කුමක්ද? http://www.gov.lk/ වෙබ් අඩවියට අනුව නම් එය බිහිදොර විය යුතුයි. උදා: Portal: Astronomy 1. තාරකා විද්‍යා කවුලුව 2. තාරකා විද්‍යා බිහිදොර All Portals 1. කවුලු සියල්ල 2. ? -- [[User:Lee|Lee]] 13:27, 26 May 2006 (UTC) ---- මෙය "කවුළුව" ලෙස නිවැරදි විය යුතු බව මගේ අදහසයි. --[[User:Eranga|eranga]] 02:47, 8 June 2006 (UTC) 5599 2006-06-09T13:40:39Z Lee 85 /* Sinhala Word for Portal */ ආයුබෝවන්! විකිපීඩියා හා සම්බන්‍ධ සාකච්ඡා සඳහා මෙම පිටුව භාවිතා කරමු. == Sinhala Word for Portal == "පෝටල්" යන්න සඳහා ගැලපෙන සිංහල වචනය ලෙසට "කවුළුව" යන වචනය පාවිච්චි කිරීම ගැන ඔබලාගේ අදහස කුමක්ද? http://www.gov.lk/ වෙබ් අඩවියට අනුව නම් එය බිහිදොර විය යුතුයි. උදා: Portal: Astronomy 1. තාරකා විද්‍යා කවුළුව 2. තාරකා විද්‍යා බිහිදොර All Portals 1. කවුළු සියල්ල 2. ? -- [[User:Lee|Lee]] 13:27, 26 May 2006 (UTC) ---- මෙය "කවුළුව" ලෙස නිවැරදි විය යුතු බව මගේ අදහසයි. --[[User:Eranga|eranga]] 02:47, 8 June 2006 (UTC) :සිදුවී ඇති අත්වැරදීමට සමාවෙන්න. වැරැද්ද පෙන්වා දීම ගැන ස්තූතියි. (අන් අයගේ දැනගැනීම පිණිස: ඉහත මා විසින් රචිත කොටසේ තිබූ "කවුලුව" යන යෙදුම "කවුළුව" ලෙස වෙනස් කරන ලදී.) --[[User:Lee|Lee]] 13:40, 9 June 2006 (UTC) 5644 2006-06-19T14:24:41Z Lee 85 Permanent Adminship ආයුබෝවන්! විකිපීඩියා හා සම්බන්‍ධ සාකච්ඡා සඳහා මෙම පිටුව භාවිතා කරමු. == Sinhala Word for Portal == "පෝටල්" යන්න සඳහා ගැලපෙන සිංහල වචනය ලෙසට "කවුළුව" යන වචනය පාවිච්චි කිරීම ගැන ඔබලාගේ අදහස කුමක්ද? http://www.gov.lk/ වෙබ් අඩවියට අනුව නම් එය බිහිදොර විය යුතුයි. උදා: Portal: Astronomy 1. තාරකා විද්‍යා කවුළුව 2. තාරකා විද්‍යා බිහිදොර All Portals 1. කවුළු සියල්ල 2. ? -- [[User:Lee|Lee]] 13:27, 26 May 2006 (UTC) ---- මෙය "කවුළුව" ලෙස නිවැරදි විය යුතු බව මගේ අදහසයි. --[[User:Eranga|eranga]] 02:47, 8 June 2006 (UTC) :සිදුවී ඇති අත්වැරදීමට සමාවෙන්න. වැරැද්ද පෙන්වා දීම ගැන ස්තූතියි. (අන් අයගේ දැනගැනීම පිණිස: ඉහත මා විසින් රචිත කොටසේ තිබූ "කවුලුව" යන යෙදුම "කවුළුව" ලෙස වෙනස් කරන ලදී.) --[[User:Lee|Lee]] 13:40, 9 June 2006 (UTC) == Permanent Adminship == If you guys think that it is OK for me to be a permanent administrator (sysop) for the Sinhala wiki, please voice your opinion at the [[Wikipedia:Administrators]] page. --[[User:Lee|Lee]] 14:24, 19 June 2006 (UTC) 5664 2006-06-23T01:20:08Z Ruwan 82 Wikipedia:කෝපි කඩේ ආයුබෝවන්! විකිපීඩියා හා සම්බන්‍ධ සාකච්ඡා සඳහා මෙම පිටුව භාවිතා කරමු. == Sinhala Word for Portal == "පෝටල්" යන්න සඳහා ගැලපෙන සිංහල වචනය ලෙසට "කවුළුව" යන වචනය පාවිච්චි කිරීම ගැන ඔබලාගේ අදහස කුමක්ද? http://www.gov.lk/ වෙබ් අඩවියට අනුව නම් එය බිහිදොර විය යුතුයි. උදා: Portal: Astronomy 1. තාරකා විද්‍යා කවුළුව 2. තාරකා විද්‍යා බිහිදොර All Portals 1. කවුළු සියල්ල 2. ? -- [[User:Lee|Lee]] 13:27, 26 May 2006 (UTC) ---- මෙය "කවුළුව" ලෙස නිවැරදි විය යුතු බව මගේ අදහසයි. --[[User:Eranga|eranga]] 02:47, 8 June 2006 (UTC) :සිදුවී ඇති අත්වැරදීමට සමාවෙන්න. වැරැද්ද පෙන්වා දීම ගැන ස්තූතියි. (අන් අයගේ දැනගැනීම පිණිස: ඉහත මා විසින් රචිත කොටසේ තිබූ "කවුලුව" යන යෙදුම "කවුළුව" ලෙස වෙනස් කරන ලදී.) --[[User:Lee|Lee]] 13:40, 9 June 2006 (UTC) ---- "Portal: Astronomy" හි "Portal" සඳහා සිංහලෙන් "දොරටුව" ලෙස කීම කෙබඳු ද? උදා: (*) "සිංහල විකීපීඩියා විශ්වකෝෂයේ - තාරකා විද්‍යා දොරටුව" (*) "Portal: Astronomy" = "තාරකා විද්‍යා : දොරටුව" ෴ Lee ප්‍රකාශ කර අැති පරිදි හා http://www.gov.lk/ වෙබ් අඩවියෙහි භාවිතා කර අැති පරිදි "බිහිදොර" උචිත වචනයක් ලෙස ගත හැක. එවිට "Portal: Astronomy" වන්නේ - "තාරකා විද්‍යා : බිහිදොර" හෝ "තාරකා විද්‍යා : බිහිදොරටුව" හෝ "බිහිදොර : තාරකා විද්‍යාව" හෝ "බිහිදොරටුව : තාරකා විද්‍යාව" ෴ -- [[User:Ruwan|රුවන්]] 2006 ජූනි 22 බ්‍රහස්පතින්දා ---- == Permanent Adminship == If you guys think that it is OK for me to be a permanent administrator (sysop) for the Sinhala wiki, please voice your opinion at the [[Wikipedia:Administrators]] page. --[[User:Lee|Lee]] 14:24, 19 June 2006 (UTC) 5665 2006-06-23T01:54:08Z Ruwan 82 /* Sinhala Word for Portal */ ආයුබෝවන්! විකිපීඩියා හා සම්බන්‍ධ සාකච්ඡා සඳහා මෙම පිටුව භාවිතා කරමු. == Sinhala Word for Portal == "පෝටල්" යන්න සඳහා ගැලපෙන සිංහල වචනය ලෙසට "කවුළුව" යන වචනය පාවිච්චි කිරීම ගැන ඔබලාගේ අදහස කුමක්ද? http://www.gov.lk/ වෙබ් අඩවියට අනුව නම් එය බිහිදොර විය යුතුයි. උදා: Portal: Astronomy 1. තාරකා විද්‍යා කවුළුව 2. තාරකා විද්‍යා බිහිදොර All Portals 1. කවුළු සියල්ල 2. ? -- [[User:Lee|Lee]] 13:27, 26 May 2006 (UTC) ---- මෙය "කවුළුව" ලෙස නිවැරදි විය යුතු බව මගේ අදහසයි. --[[User:Eranga|eranga]] 02:47, 8 June 2006 (UTC) :සිදුවී ඇති අත්වැරදීමට සමාවෙන්න. වැරැද්ද පෙන්වා දීම ගැන ස්තූතියි. (අන් අයගේ දැනගැනීම පිණිස: ඉහත මා විසින් රචිත කොටසේ තිබූ "කවුලුව" යන යෙදුම "කවුළුව" ලෙස වෙනස් කරන ලදී.) --[[User:Lee|Lee]] 13:40, 9 June 2006 (UTC) ---- "Portal: Astronomy" හි "Portal" සඳහා සිංහලෙන් "දොරටුව" ලෙස කීම කෙබඳු ද? උදා: "සිංහල විකීපීඩියා විශ්වකෝෂයේ - තාරකා විද්‍යා දොරටුව" (*) "Portal: Astronomy" = "තාරකා විද්‍යා : දොරටුව" හෝ "දොරටුව : තාරකා විද්‍යාව" Lee ප්‍රකාශ කර අැති පරිදි හා http://www.gov.lk/ වෙබ් අඩවියෙහි භාවිතා කර අැති පරිදි "බිහිදොර" උචිත වචනයක් ලෙස ගත හැක ෴ එවිට "Portal: Astronomy" වන්නේ : "තාරකා විද්‍යා : බිහිදොර" හෝ "බිහිදොර : තාරකා විද්‍යාව" -- [[User:Ruwan|රුවන් (User:Ruwan)]] 2006 ජූනි 22 බ්‍රහස්පතින්දා ---- == Permanent Adminship == If you guys think that it is OK for me to be a permanent administrator (sysop) for the Sinhala wiki, please voice your opinion at the [[Wikipedia:Administrators]] page. --[[User:Lee|Lee]] 14:24, 19 June 2006 (UTC) 5666 2006-06-23T02:26:55Z Ruwan 82 Wikipedia:කෝපි කඩේ ආයුබෝවන්! විකිපීඩියා හා සම්බන්‍ධ සාකච්ඡා සඳහා මෙම පිටුව භාවිතා කරමු. == Sinhala Word for Portal == "පෝටල්" යන්න සඳහා ගැලපෙන සිංහල වචනය ලෙසට "කවුළුව" යන වචනය පාවිච්චි කිරීම ගැන ඔබලාගේ අදහස කුමක්ද? http://www.gov.lk/ වෙබ් අඩවියට අනුව නම් එය බිහිදොර විය යුතුයි. උදා: Portal: Astronomy 1. තාරකා විද්‍යා කවුළුව 2. තාරකා විද්‍යා බිහිදොර All Portals 1. කවුළු සියල්ල 2. ? -- [[User:Lee|Lee]] 13:27, 26 May 2006 (UTC) ---- මෙය "කවුළුව" ලෙස නිවැරදි විය යුතු බව මගේ අදහසයි. --[[User:Eranga|eranga]] 02:47, 8 June 2006 (UTC) :සිදුවී ඇති අත්වැරදීමට සමාවෙන්න. වැරැද්ද පෙන්වා දීම ගැන ස්තූතියි. (අන් අයගේ දැනගැනීම පිණිස: ඉහත මා විසින් රචිත කොටසේ තිබූ "කවුලුව" යන යෙදුම "කවුළුව" ලෙස වෙනස් කරන ලදී.) --[[User:Lee|Lee]] 13:40, 9 June 2006 (UTC) ---- "Portal: Astronomy" හි "Portal" සඳහා සිංහලෙන් "දොරටුව" ලෙස කීම කෙබඳු ද? උදා: "සිංහල විකීපීඩියා විශ්වකෝෂයේ - තාරකා විද්‍යා දොරටුව" (*) "Portal: Astronomy" = "තාරකා විද්‍යා : දොරටුව" හෝ "දොරටුව : තාරකා විද්‍යාව" Lee ප්‍රකාශ කර අැති පරිදි හා [http://www.gov.lk/ | www.gov.lk web portal ] වෙබ් අඩවියෙහි භාවිතා කර අැති පරිදි "බිහිදොර" උචිත වචනයක් ලෙස ගත හැක ෴ එවිට "Portal: Astronomy" වන්නේ : "තාරකා විද්‍යා : බිහිදොර" හෝ "බිහිදොර : තාරකා විද්‍යාව" අඩවියේ [en:Portal] හා [[http://www.askoxford.com/concise_oed/portal?view=uk | www.askoxford.com හි portal ]], [[http://www.britannica.com/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=portal&query=portal | www.britannica.com හි portal ]] යන අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පුරුක් , සිංහල අදහස අවබෝධ කරගැනීමට උපකාරි විය හැක෴ -- [[User:Ruwan|රුවන් (User:Ruwan)]] 2006 ජූනි 22 බ්‍රහස්පතින්දා ---- == Permanent Adminship == If you guys think that it is OK for me to be a permanent administrator (sysop) for the Sinhala wiki, please voice your opinion at the [[Wikipedia:Administrators]] page. --[[User:Lee|Lee]] 14:24, 19 June 2006 (UTC) 5667 2006-06-23T02:34:26Z Ruwan 82 Wikipedia:කෝපි කඩේ ආයුබෝවන්! විකිපීඩියා හා සම්බන්‍ධ සාකච්ඡා සඳහා මෙම පිටුව භාවිතා කරමු. == Sinhala Word for Portal == "පෝටල්" යන්න සඳහා ගැලපෙන සිංහල වචනය ලෙසට "කවුළුව" යන වචනය පාවිච්චි කිරීම ගැන ඔබලාගේ අදහස කුමක්ද? http://www.gov.lk/ වෙබ් අඩවියට අනුව නම් එය බිහිදොර විය යුතුයි. උදා: Portal: Astronomy 1. තාරකා විද්‍යා කවුළුව 2. තාරකා විද්‍යා බිහිදොර All Portals 1. කවුළු සියල්ල 2. ? -- [[User:Lee|Lee]] 13:27, 26 May 2006 (UTC) ---- මෙය "කවුළුව" ලෙස නිවැරදි විය යුතු බව මගේ අදහසයි. --[[User:Eranga|eranga]] 02:47, 8 June 2006 (UTC) :සිදුවී ඇති අත්වැරදීමට සමාවෙන්න. වැරැද්ද පෙන්වා දීම ගැන ස්තූතියි. (අන් අයගේ දැනගැනීම පිණිස: ඉහත මා විසින් රචිත කොටසේ තිබූ "කවුලුව" යන යෙදුම "කවුළුව" ලෙස වෙනස් කරන ලදී.) --[[User:Lee|Lee]] 13:40, 9 June 2006 (UTC) ---- "Portal: Astronomy" හි "Portal" සඳහා සිංහලෙන් "දොරටුව" ලෙස කීම කෙබඳු ද? උදා: "සිංහල විකීපීඩියා විශ්වකෝෂයේ - තාරකා විද්‍යා දොරටුව" (*) "Portal: Astronomy" = "තාරකා විද්‍යා : දොරටුව" හෝ "දොරටුව : තාරකා විද්‍යාව" Lee ප්‍රකාශ කර අැති පරිදි හා [http://www.gov.lk/ | www.gov.lk web portal ] වෙබ් අඩවියෙහි භාවිතා කර අැති පරිදි "බිහිදොර" උචිත වචනයක් ලෙස ගත හැක ෴ එවිට "Portal: Astronomy" වන්නේ : "තාරකා විද්‍යා : බිහිදොර" හෝ "බිහිදොර : තාරකා විද්‍යාව" en.wikipedia.org අඩවියේ [en:Portal] හා [[http://www.askoxford.com/concise_oed/portal?view=uk | www.askoxford.com හි portal ]], [[http://www.britannica.com/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=portal&query=portal | www.britannica.com හි portal ]] යන අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පුරුක් , Portal යන වචනයේ අදහස අවබෝධ කරගැනීමට උපකාරි විය හැක෴ -- [[User:Ruwan|රුවන් (User:Ruwan)]] 2006 ජූනි 22 බ්‍රහස්පතින්දා ---- == Permanent Adminship == If you guys think that it is OK for me to be a permanent administrator (sysop) for the Sinhala wiki, please voice your opinion at the [[Wikipedia:Administrators]] page. --[[User:Lee|Lee]] 14:24, 19 June 2006 (UTC) 5680 2006-06-24T11:17:07Z Lee 85 /* Sinhala Word for Portal */ ආයුබෝවන්! විකිපීඩියා හා සම්බන්‍ධ සාකච්ඡා සඳහා මෙම පිටුව භාවිතා කරමු. == Sinhala Word for Portal == "පෝටල්" යන්න සඳහා ගැලපෙන සිංහල වචනය ලෙසට "කවුළුව" යන වචනය පාවිච්චි කිරීම ගැන ඔබලාගේ අදහස කුමක්ද? http://www.gov.lk/ වෙබ් අඩවියට අනුව නම් එය බිහිදොර විය යුතුයි. උදා: Portal: Astronomy 1. තාරකා විද්‍යා කවුළුව 2. තාරකා විද්‍යා බිහිදොර All Portals 1. කවුළු සියල්ල 2. ? -- [[User:Lee|Lee]] 13:27, 26 May 2006 (UTC) ---- මෙය "කවුළුව" ලෙස නිවැරදි විය යුතු බව මගේ අදහසයි. --[[User:Eranga|eranga]] 02:47, 8 June 2006 (UTC) :සිදුවී ඇති අත්වැරදීමට සමාවෙන්න. වැරැද්ද පෙන්වා දීම ගැන ස්තූතියි. (අන් අයගේ දැනගැනීම පිණිස: ඉහත මා විසින් රචිත කොටසේ තිබූ "කවුලුව" යන යෙදුම "කවුළුව" ලෙස වෙනස් කරන ලදී.) --[[User:Lee|Lee]] 13:40, 9 June 2006 (UTC) ---- "Portal: Astronomy" හි "Portal" සඳහා සිංහලෙන් "දොරටුව" ලෙස කීම කෙබඳු ද? උදා: "සිංහල විකීපීඩියා විශ්වකෝෂයේ - තාරකා විද්‍යා දොරටුව" (*) "Portal: Astronomy" = "තාරකා විද්‍යා : දොරටුව" හෝ "දොරටුව : තාරකා විද්‍යාව" Lee ප්‍රකාශ කර අැති පරිදි හා [http://www.gov.lk/ | www.gov.lk web portal ] වෙබ් අඩවියෙහි භාවිතා කර අැති පරිදි "බිහිදොර" උචිත වචනයක් ලෙස ගත හැක ෴ එවිට "Portal: Astronomy" වන්නේ : "තාරකා විද්‍යා : බිහිදොර" හෝ "බිහිදොර : තාරකා විද්‍යාව" en.wikipedia.org අඩවියේ [en:Portal] හා [[http://www.askoxford.com/concise_oed/portal?view=uk | www.askoxford.com හි portal ]], [[http://www.britannica.com/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=portal&query=portal | www.britannica.com හි portal ]] යන අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පුරුක් , Portal යන වචනයේ අදහස අවබෝධ කරගැනීමට උපකාරි විය හැක෴ -- [[User:Ruwan|රුවන් (User:Ruwan)]] 2006 ජූනි 22 බ්‍රහස්පතින්දා :බොහෝ දුරට අපට සිදුවනු ඇත්තේ “Portal:” ආකාරයට, මුලට යොදා ගැනීමටයි. එනම් "බිහිදොර:තාරකා " ආකාරයට. --[[User:Lee|Lee]] 11:17, 24 June 2006 (UTC) ---- == Permanent Adminship == If you guys think that it is OK for me to be a permanent administrator (sysop) for the Sinhala wiki, please voice your opinion at the [[Wikipedia:Administrators]] page. --[[User:Lee|Lee]] 14:24, 19 June 2006 (UTC) 5681 2006-06-24T11:17:42Z Lee 85 /* Sinhala Word for Portal */ ආයුබෝවන්! විකිපීඩියා හා සම්බන්‍ධ සාකච්ඡා සඳහා මෙම පිටුව භාවිතා කරමු. == Sinhala Word for Portal == "පෝටල්" යන්න සඳහා ගැලපෙන සිංහල වචනය ලෙසට "කවුළුව" යන වචනය පාවිච්චි කිරීම ගැන ඔබලාගේ අදහස කුමක්ද? http://www.gov.lk/ වෙබ් අඩවියට අනුව නම් එය බිහිදොර විය යුතුයි. උදා: Portal: Astronomy 1. තාරකා විද්‍යා කවුළුව 2. තාරකා විද්‍යා බිහිදොර All Portals 1. කවුළු සියල්ල 2. ? -- [[User:Lee|Lee]] 13:27, 26 May 2006 (UTC) ---- මෙය "කවුළුව" ලෙස නිවැරදි විය යුතු බව මගේ අදහසයි. --[[User:Eranga|eranga]] 02:47, 8 June 2006 (UTC) :සිදුවී ඇති අත්වැරදීමට සමාවෙන්න. වැරැද්ද පෙන්වා දීම ගැන ස්තූතියි. (අන් අයගේ දැනගැනීම පිණිස: ඉහත මා විසින් රචිත කොටසේ තිබූ "කවුලුව" යන යෙදුම "කවුළුව" ලෙස වෙනස් කරන ලදී.) --[[User:Lee|Lee]] 13:40, 9 June 2006 (UTC) ---- "Portal: Astronomy" හි "Portal" සඳහා සිංහලෙන් "දොරටුව" ලෙස කීම කෙබඳු ද? උදා: "සිංහල විකීපීඩියා විශ්වකෝෂයේ - තාරකා විද්‍යා දොරටුව" (*) "Portal: Astronomy" = "තාරකා විද්‍යා : දොරටුව" හෝ "දොරටුව : තාරකා විද්‍යාව" Lee ප්‍රකාශ කර අැති පරිදි හා [http://www.gov.lk/ | www.gov.lk web portal ] වෙබ් අඩවියෙහි භාවිතා කර අැති පරිදි "බිහිදොර" උචිත වචනයක් ලෙස ගත හැක ෴ එවිට "Portal: Astronomy" වන්නේ : "තාරකා විද්‍යා : බිහිදොර" හෝ "බිහිදොර : තාරකා විද්‍යාව" en.wikipedia.org අඩවියේ [en:Portal] හා [[http://www.askoxford.com/concise_oed/portal?view=uk | www.askoxford.com හි portal ]], [[http://www.britannica.com/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=portal&query=portal | www.britannica.com හි portal ]] යන අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පුරුක් , Portal යන වචනයේ අදහස අවබෝධ කරගැනීමට උපකාරි විය හැක෴ -- [[User:Ruwan|රුවන් (User:Ruwan)]] 2006 ජූනි 22 බ්‍රහස්පතින්දා :බොහෝ දුරට අපට සිදුවනු ඇත්තේ “Portal:” ආකාරයට, මුලට යොදා ගැනීමටයි. එනම් "බිහිදොර:තාරකා " ආකාරයට. --[[User:Lee|Lee]] 11:17, 24 June 2006 (UTC) දැනට එකඟතාවයකට ඒමට ප්‍රමාණවත් තරම් අදහස් ප්‍රකාශවී නොමැති නිසා “Portal” යන ඉංග්‍රීසි වචනයම භාවිතාකිරීමට (දැනට) අපට සිදුවනු ඇත. --[[User:Lee|Lee]] 11:17, 24 June 2006 (UTC) ---- == Permanent Adminship == If you guys think that it is OK for me to be a permanent administrator (sysop) for the Sinhala wiki, please voice your opinion at the [[Wikipedia:Administrators]] page. --[[User:Lee|Lee]] 14:24, 19 June 2006 (UTC) 5754 2006-07-01T09:46:14Z Paginazero 107 /* Permanent Adminship */ ආයුබෝවන්! විකිපීඩියා හා සම්බන්‍ධ සාකච්ඡා සඳහා මෙම පිටුව භාවිතා කරමු. == Sinhala Word for Portal == "පෝටල්" යන්න සඳහා ගැලපෙන සිංහල වචනය ලෙසට "කවුළුව" යන වචනය පාවිච්චි කිරීම ගැන ඔබලාගේ අදහස කුමක්ද? http://www.gov.lk/ වෙබ් අඩවියට අනුව නම් එය බිහිදොර විය යුතුයි. උදා: Portal: Astronomy 1. තාරකා විද්‍යා කවුළුව 2. තාරකා විද්‍යා බිහිදොර All Portals 1. කවුළු සියල්ල 2. ? -- [[User:Lee|Lee]] 13:27, 26 May 2006 (UTC) ---- මෙය "කවුළුව" ලෙස නිවැරදි විය යුතු බව මගේ අදහසයි. --[[User:Eranga|eranga]] 02:47, 8 June 2006 (UTC) :සිදුවී ඇති අත්වැරදීමට සමාවෙන්න. වැරැද්ද පෙන්වා දීම ගැන ස්තූතියි. (අන් අයගේ දැනගැනීම පිණිස: ඉහත මා විසින් රචිත කොටසේ තිබූ "කවුලුව" යන යෙදුම "කවුළුව" ලෙස වෙනස් කරන ලදී.) --[[User:Lee|Lee]] 13:40, 9 June 2006 (UTC) ---- "Portal: Astronomy" හි "Portal" සඳහා සිංහලෙන් "දොරටුව" ලෙස කීම කෙබඳු ද? උදා: "සිංහල විකීපීඩියා විශ්වකෝෂයේ - තාරකා විද්‍යා දොරටුව" (*) "Portal: Astronomy" = "තාරකා විද්‍යා : දොරටුව" හෝ "දොරටුව : තාරකා විද්‍යාව" Lee ප්‍රකාශ කර අැති පරිදි හා [http://www.gov.lk/ | www.gov.lk web portal ] වෙබ් අඩවියෙහි භාවිතා කර අැති පරිදි "බිහිදොර" උචිත වචනයක් ලෙස ගත හැක ෴ එවිට "Portal: Astronomy" වන්නේ : "තාරකා විද්‍යා : බිහිදොර" හෝ "බිහිදොර : තාරකා විද්‍යාව" en.wikipedia.org අඩවියේ [en:Portal] හා [[http://www.askoxford.com/concise_oed/portal?view=uk | www.askoxford.com හි portal ]], [[http://www.britannica.com/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=portal&query=portal | www.britannica.com හි portal ]] යන අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පුරුක් , Portal යන වචනයේ අදහස අවබෝධ කරගැනීමට උපකාරි විය හැක෴ -- [[User:Ruwan|රුවන් (User:Ruwan)]] 2006 ජූනි 22 බ්‍රහස්පතින්දා :බොහෝ දුරට අපට සිදුවනු ඇත්තේ “Portal:” ආකාරයට, මුලට යොදා ගැනීමටයි. එනම් "බිහිදොර:තාරකා " ආකාරයට. --[[User:Lee|Lee]] 11:17, 24 June 2006 (UTC) දැනට එකඟතාවයකට ඒමට ප්‍රමාණවත් තරම් අදහස් ප්‍රකාශවී නොමැති නිසා “Portal” යන ඉංග්‍රීසි වචනයම භාවිතාකිරීමට (දැනට) අපට සිදුවනු ඇත. --[[User:Lee|Lee]] 11:17, 24 June 2006 (UTC) ---- == Permanent Adminship == If you guys think that it is OK for me to be a permanent administrator (sysop) for the Sinhala wiki, please voice your opinion at the [[Wikipedia:Administrators]] page. --[[User:Lee|Lee]] 14:24, 19 June 2006 (UTC) :Actually the only permanent administrator of sinhala wiki, [[User:Chin|Chin]], made no edits since last October. If nobody of the current active users of this wiki has objections, I'd change [[User:Lee|Lee]]'s adminship from permament to temporary. Does anyone support or object this choice? Thank you for your attention. Bye. --[[User:Paginazero|Paginazero]] 09:46, 1 July 2006 (UTC) 5755 2006-07-01T09:46:24Z Paginazero 107 /* Permanent Adminship */ ආයුබෝවන්! විකිපීඩියා හා සම්බන්‍ධ සාකච්ඡා සඳහා මෙම පිටුව භාවිතා කරමු. == Sinhala Word for Portal == "පෝටල්" යන්න සඳහා ගැලපෙන සිංහල වචනය ලෙසට "කවුළුව" යන වචනය පාවිච්චි කිරීම ගැන ඔබලාගේ අදහස කුමක්ද? http://www.gov.lk/ වෙබ් අඩවියට අනුව නම් එය බිහිදොර විය යුතුයි. උදා: Portal: Astronomy 1. තාරකා විද්‍යා කවුළුව 2. තාරකා විද්‍යා බිහිදොර All Portals 1. කවුළු සියල්ල 2. ? -- [[User:Lee|Lee]] 13:27, 26 May 2006 (UTC) ---- මෙය "කවුළුව" ලෙස නිවැරදි විය යුතු බව මගේ අදහසයි. --[[User:Eranga|eranga]] 02:47, 8 June 2006 (UTC) :සිදුවී ඇති අත්වැරදීමට සමාවෙන්න. වැරැද්ද පෙන්වා දීම ගැන ස්තූතියි. (අන් අයගේ දැනගැනීම පිණිස: ඉහත මා විසින් රචිත කොටසේ තිබූ "කවුලුව" යන යෙදුම "කවුළුව" ලෙස වෙනස් කරන ලදී.) --[[User:Lee|Lee]] 13:40, 9 June 2006 (UTC) ---- "Portal: Astronomy" හි "Portal" සඳහා සිංහලෙන් "දොරටුව" ලෙස කීම කෙබඳු ද? උදා: "සිංහල විකීපීඩියා විශ්වකෝෂයේ - තාරකා විද්‍යා දොරටුව" (*) "Portal: Astronomy" = "තාරකා විද්‍යා : දොරටුව" හෝ "දොරටුව : තාරකා විද්‍යාව" Lee ප්‍රකාශ කර අැති පරිදි හා [http://www.gov.lk/ | www.gov.lk web portal ] වෙබ් අඩවියෙහි භාවිතා කර අැති පරිදි "බිහිදොර" උචිත වචනයක් ලෙස ගත හැක ෴ එවිට "Portal: Astronomy" වන්නේ : "තාරකා විද්‍යා : බිහිදොර" හෝ "බිහිදොර : තාරකා විද්‍යාව" en.wikipedia.org අඩවියේ [en:Portal] හා [[http://www.askoxford.com/concise_oed/portal?view=uk | www.askoxford.com හි portal ]], [[http://www.britannica.com/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=portal&query=portal | www.britannica.com හි portal ]] යන අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පුරුක් , Portal යන වචනයේ අදහස අවබෝධ කරගැනීමට උපකාරි විය හැක෴ -- [[User:Ruwan|රුවන් (User:Ruwan)]] 2006 ජූනි 22 බ්‍රහස්පතින්දා :බොහෝ දුරට අපට සිදුවනු ඇත්තේ “Portal:” ආකාරයට, මුලට යොදා ගැනීමටයි. එනම් "බිහිදොර:තාරකා " ආකාරයට. --[[User:Lee|Lee]] 11:17, 24 June 2006 (UTC) දැනට එකඟතාවයකට ඒමට ප්‍රමාණවත් තරම් අදහස් ප්‍රකාශවී නොමැති නිසා “Portal” යන ඉංග්‍රීසි වචනයම භාවිතාකිරීමට (දැනට) අපට සිදුවනු ඇත. --[[User:Lee|Lee]] 11:17, 24 June 2006 (UTC) ---- == Permanent Adminship == If you guys think that it is OK for me to be a permanent administrator (sysop) for the Sinhala wiki, please voice your opinion at the [[Wikipedia:Administrators]] page. --[[User:Lee|Lee]] 14:24, 19 June 2006 (UTC) :Actually the only permanent administrator of Sinhala wiki, [[User:Chin|Chin]], made no edits since last October. If nobody of the current active users of this wiki has objections, I'd change [[User:Lee|Lee]]'s adminship from permament to temporary. Does anyone support or object this choice? Thank you for your attention. Bye. --[[User:Paginazero|Paginazero]] 09:46, 1 July 2006 (UTC) 5756 2006-07-01T09:50:58Z Paginazero 107 /* Permanent Adminship */ oooops! ආයුබෝවන්! විකිපීඩියා හා සම්බන්‍ධ සාකච්ඡා සඳහා මෙම පිටුව භාවිතා කරමු. == Sinhala Word for Portal == "පෝටල්" යන්න සඳහා ගැලපෙන සිංහල වචනය ලෙසට "කවුළුව" යන වචනය පාවිච්චි කිරීම ගැන ඔබලාගේ අදහස කුමක්ද? http://www.gov.lk/ වෙබ් අඩවියට අනුව නම් එය බිහිදොර විය යුතුයි. උදා: Portal: Astronomy 1. තාරකා විද්‍යා කවුළුව 2. තාරකා විද්‍යා බිහිදොර All Portals 1. කවුළු සියල්ල 2. ? -- [[User:Lee|Lee]] 13:27, 26 May 2006 (UTC) ---- මෙය "කවුළුව" ලෙස නිවැරදි විය යුතු බව මගේ අදහසයි. --[[User:Eranga|eranga]] 02:47, 8 June 2006 (UTC) :සිදුවී ඇති අත්වැරදීමට සමාවෙන්න. වැරැද්ද පෙන්වා දීම ගැන ස්තූතියි. (අන් අයගේ දැනගැනීම පිණිස: ඉහත මා විසින් රචිත කොටසේ තිබූ "කවුලුව" යන යෙදුම "කවුළුව" ලෙස වෙනස් කරන ලදී.) --[[User:Lee|Lee]] 13:40, 9 June 2006 (UTC) ---- "Portal: Astronomy" හි "Portal" සඳහා සිංහලෙන් "දොරටුව" ලෙස කීම කෙබඳු ද? උදා: "සිංහල විකීපීඩියා විශ්වකෝෂයේ - තාරකා විද්‍යා දොරටුව" (*) "Portal: Astronomy" = "තාරකා විද්‍යා : දොරටුව" හෝ "දොරටුව : තාරකා විද්‍යාව" Lee ප්‍රකාශ කර අැති පරිදි හා [http://www.gov.lk/ | www.gov.lk web portal ] වෙබ් අඩවියෙහි භාවිතා කර අැති පරිදි "බිහිදොර" උචිත වචනයක් ලෙස ගත හැක ෴ එවිට "Portal: Astronomy" වන්නේ : "තාරකා විද්‍යා : බිහිදොර" හෝ "බිහිදොර : තාරකා විද්‍යාව" en.wikipedia.org අඩවියේ [en:Portal] හා [[http://www.askoxford.com/concise_oed/portal?view=uk | www.askoxford.com හි portal ]], [[http://www.britannica.com/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=portal&query=portal | www.britannica.com හි portal ]] යන අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පුරුක් , Portal යන වචනයේ අදහස අවබෝධ කරගැනීමට උපකාරි විය හැක෴ -- [[User:Ruwan|රුවන් (User:Ruwan)]] 2006 ජූනි 22 බ්‍රහස්පතින්දා :බොහෝ දුරට අපට සිදුවනු ඇත්තේ “Portal:” ආකාරයට, මුලට යොදා ගැනීමටයි. එනම් "බිහිදොර:තාරකා " ආකාරයට. --[[User:Lee|Lee]] 11:17, 24 June 2006 (UTC) දැනට එකඟතාවයකට ඒමට ප්‍රමාණවත් තරම් අදහස් ප්‍රකාශවී නොමැති නිසා “Portal” යන ඉංග්‍රීසි වචනයම භාවිතාකිරීමට (දැනට) අපට සිදුවනු ඇත. --[[User:Lee|Lee]] 11:17, 24 June 2006 (UTC) ---- == Permanent Adminship == If you guys think that it is OK for me to be a permanent administrator (sysop) for the Sinhala wiki, please voice your opinion at the [[Wikipedia:Administrators]] page. --[[User:Lee|Lee]] 14:24, 19 June 2006 (UTC) :Actually the only permanent administrator of Sinhala wiki, [[User:Chin|Chin]], made no edits since last October. If nobody of the current active users of this wiki has objections, I'd change [[User:Lee|Lee]]'s adminship from temporary to permanent. Does anyone support or object this choice? Thank you for your attention. Bye. --[[User:Paginazero|Paginazero]] 09:46, 1 July 2006 (UTC) New Main Page 1915 5408 2006-05-21T11:01:54Z Lee 85 {{WikipediaINTRO}} {|style="border-spacing:8px;margin:0px -8px" |class="MainPageBG" style="width:55%;border:1px solid #cef2e0;background-color:#f5fffa;vertical-align:top;color:#000"| {|width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5" style="vertical-align:top;background-color:#f5fffa" ! <h2 style="margin:0;background-color:#cef2e0;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3bfb1;text-align:left;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em;">දවසේ ලිපිය</h2> |- |style="color:#000"|දවසේ ලිපිය, ඉදිරියේ දී බලාපොරොත්තු වන්න... |- ! <h2 style="margin:0;background:#cef2e0;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3bfb1;text-align:left;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em;">ඔබ දැන සිටියාද...</h2> |- |style="color:#000"|ඔබ දැන සිටියාද..., ඉදිරියේ දී බලාපොරොත්තු වන්න... |- |} |class="MainPageBG" style="width:45%;border:1px solid #cedff2;background-color:#f5faff;vertical-align:top"| {| width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5" style="vertical-align:top;background-color:#f5faff" ! <h2 style="margin:0;background-color:#cedff2;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3b0bf;text-align:left;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em;">පුවතකින් බිඳක්...</h2> |- |style="color:#000"|පුවතකින් බිඳක්..., ඉදිරියේ දී බලාපොරොත්තු වන්න... |- ! <h2 style="margin:0;background:#cedff2;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3b0bf;text-align:left;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em;">අතීතයේ අද වැනි දිනක...</h2> |- |style="color:#000"|අතීතයේ අද වැනි දිනක..., ඉදිරියේ දී බලාපොරොත්තු වන්න... |- |} |} {|style="border-spacing:8px;margin:-8px -8px" |class="MainPageBG" style="width:100%;border:1px solid #ddcef2;background-color:#faf5ff;vertical-align:top;color:#000"| {|cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5" style="vertical-align:top;background-color:#faf5ff;color:#000" ! <h2 style="margin:0;background-color:#ddcef2;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #afa3bf;text-align:left;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em;">දවසේ සේයාරුව</h2> |- |style="color:#000"|දවසේ සේයාරුව, ඉදිරියේ දී බලාපොරොත්තු වන්න...  |- |} |} ==Other areas of Wikipedia== {{WikipediaOther}} </div> </div>__NOTOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__ 5411 2006-05-22T13:54:25Z Lee 85 {{WikipediaINTRO}} {|style="border-spacing:8px;margin:0px -8px" |class="MainPageBG" style="width:55%;border:1px solid #cef2e0;background-color:#f5fffa;vertical-align:top;color:#000"| {|width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5" style="vertical-align:top;background-color:#f5fffa" ! <h2 style="margin:0;background-color:#cef2e0;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3bfb1;text-align:left;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em;">දවසේ ලිපිය</h2> |- |style="color:#000"|දවසේ ලිපිය, ඉදිරියේ දී බලාපොරොත්තු වන්න... |- ! <h2 style="margin:0;background:#cef2e0;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3bfb1;text-align:left;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em;">ඔබ දැන සිටියාද...</h2> |- |style="color:#000"|ඔබ දැන සිටියාද..., ඉදිරියේ දී බලාපොරොත්තු වන්න... |- |} |class="MainPageBG" style="width:45%;border:1px solid #cedff2;background-color:#f5faff;vertical-align:top"| {| width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5" style="vertical-align:top;background-color:#f5faff" ! <h2 style="margin:0;background-color:#cedff2;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3b0bf;text-align:left;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em;">පුවතකින් බිඳක්...</h2> |- |style="color:#000"|පුවතකින් බිඳක්..., ඉදිරියේ දී බලාපොරොත්තු වන්න... |- ! <h2 style="margin:0;background:#cedff2;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3b0bf;text-align:left;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em;">අතීතයේ අද වැනි දිනක...</h2> |- |style="color:#000"|අතීතයේ අද වැනි දිනක..., ඉදිරියේ දී බලාපොරොත්තු වන්න... |- |} |} {|style="border-spacing:8px;margin:-8px -8px" |class="MainPageBG" style="width:100%;border:1px solid #ddcef2;background-color:#faf5ff;vertical-align:top;color:#000"| {|cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5" style="vertical-align:top;background-color:#faf5ff;color:#000" ! <h2 style="margin:0;background-color:#ddcef2;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #afa3bf;text-align:left;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em;">දවසේ සේයාරුව</h2> |- |style="color:#000"|දවසේ සේයාරුව, ඉදිරියේ දී බලාපොරොත්තු වන්න...  |- |} |} ==Other areas of Wikipedia== {{WikipediaOther}} ==Wikipedia's sister projects== {{WikipediaSister}} ==Wikipedia languages== {{WikipediaLang}} </div> </div>__NOTOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__ 5418 2006-05-22T14:24:21Z Lee 85 {{WikipediaINTRO}} --------- <center> ''' සිංහල ''' [[සිංහල භාෂාව]] - [[සිංහල ඉතිහාසය]] - [[සිංහල ජාතිය]] - [[සිංහල සංස්කෘතිය]] - [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව]] - [[ආසියාව]] ''' ගණිත සහ ස්වභාව විද්‍යා''' [[තාරකා විද්‍යාව]] - [[ජීව විද්‍යාව]] - [[සත්ව විද්‍යාව]] - [[රසායන විද්‍යාව]] - [[ශාක විද්‍යාව]] - [[කෘමි විද්‍යාව]] - [[භෞතික විද්‍යාව]] - [[ගණිතය]] - [[තොරතුරු තාක්‍ෂණය]] - [[ස්වභාව විද්‍යාව]] - [[Statistics]] ''' සාමාජික විද්‍යා ''' [[මානව විද්‍යාව]] - [[පුරා විද්‍යාව]] - [[රාජ්‍ය තාන්ත්රකත්වය]] - [[අධ්‍යාපනය]] - [[දර්ශන විද්‍යාව]] - [[මුල්‍ය]] - [[භූ විද්‍යාව]] - [[භාෂා]] සහ [[වාග් විද්‍යාව]] - [[Musicology]] - [[අධ්‍යාපන විද්‍යාව]] - [[මනෝ විද්‍යාව]] - [[සමාජ විද්‍යාව]] - [[ඉතිහාසය]] ''' Politics, law, and society ''' [[වානිජ්‍යය]] - [[යුධ විද්‍යා]] - [[නීතිය]] - [[ආර්ථිකය]] - [[පවුල]] - [[ව්‍යාපාර]] - [[දේශපාලනය]] ''' ආගම් සහ මිථ්‍යා ''' [[ආගම]] - [[මිථ්‍යා විශ්වාස]] - [[දේවධර්මය]] - [[ඉස්ලාම්]] - [[කිතු දහම]] - [[ජෛන ආගම]] - [[සිඛ් ආගම]] - [[බුදු දහම]] - [[නාස්තික වාදය]] - [[හින්දු ආගම]] - [[ආත්ම වාදය]] - [[ජුදා ආගම]] - [[ගුප්ත ධර්මය]] - [[ආධ්‍යාත්මික]] ''' කලාව සහ සංස්කෘතිය ''' [[කලාව]] - [[නර්තනය]] - [[සිනමාව]] - [[සංස්කෘතිය]] - [[ජනකතා]] - [[Photography]] - [[සාහිත්‍යය]] - [[සංගීතය]] - [[Sculpture]] - [[නාට්‍ය]] ''' ව්‍යවහාරික විද්‍යා සහ කර්මාන්ත ''' [[Aerospace]] - [[කෘෂිකර්මය]] - [[විදුලිය]] - [[විද්‍යුත්]] - [[කලමණාකරනය]] - [[වාස්තු විද්‍යාව]] - [[සන්නිවේදනය]] - [[අන්තර්ජාලය]] - [[වෛද්‍ය විද්‍යාව]] - [[කර්මාන්ත]] - [[Engineering]] - [[තාක්ෂණය]] - [[ප්‍රවාහනය]] - [[විද්‍යුත් සන්නිවේදනය]] ''' ජීවිතය සහ විනෝදය ''' [[Cuisine]] - [[විනෝදාංශ]] - [[ගෙවතු වගාව]] - [[ක්‍රීඩා]] - [[සංචාරක]] - [[සෞඛ්‍යය]] - [[පෝෂණය]] - [[විනෝදාත්මක]] - [[ලිංගිකත්වය]] ''' අනෙකුත් ''' [[ජීවිත කථා]] - [[List of lists]] - [[ලෝකයේ ඇති රටවල්]] </center> --------- {|style="border-spacing:8px;margin:0px -8px" |class="MainPageBG" style="width:55%;border:1px solid #cef2e0;background-color:#f5fffa;vertical-align:top;color:#000"| {|width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5" style="vertical-align:top;background-color:#f5fffa" ! <h2 style="margin:0;background-color:#cef2e0;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3bfb1;text-align:left;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em;">දවසේ ලිපිය</h2> |- |style="color:#000"|දවසේ ලිපිය, ඉදිරියේ දී බලාපොරොත්තු වන්න... |- ! <h2 style="margin:0;background:#cef2e0;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3bfb1;text-align:left;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em;">ඔබ දැන සිටියාද...</h2> |- |style="color:#000"|ඔබ දැන සිටියාද..., ඉදිරියේ දී බලාපොරොත්තු වන්න... |- |} |class="MainPageBG" style="width:45%;border:1px solid #cedff2;background-color:#f5faff;vertical-align:top"| {| width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5" style="vertical-align:top;background-color:#f5faff" ! <h2 style="margin:0;background-color:#cedff2;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3b0bf;text-align:left;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em;">පුවතකින් බිඳක්...</h2> |- |style="color:#000"|පුවතකින් බිඳක්..., ඉදිරියේ දී බලාපොරොත්තු වන්න... |- ! <h2 style="margin:0;background:#cedff2;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3b0bf;text-align:left;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em;">අතීතයේ අද වැනි දිනක...</h2> |- |style="color:#000"|අතීතයේ අද වැනි දිනක..., ඉදිරියේ දී බලාපොරොත්තු වන්න... |- |} |} {|style="border-spacing:8px;margin:-8px -8px" |class="MainPageBG" style="width:100%;border:1px solid #ddcef2;background-color:#faf5ff;vertical-align:top;color:#000"| {|cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5" style="vertical-align:top;background-color:#faf5ff;color:#000" ! <h2 style="margin:0;background-color:#ddcef2;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #afa3bf;text-align:left;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em;">දවසේ සේයාරුව</h2> |- |style="color:#000"|දවසේ සේයාරුව, ඉදිරියේ දී බලාපොරොත්තු වන්න...  |- |} |} ==Other areas of Wikipedia== {{WikipediaOther}} ==Wikipedia's sister projects== {{WikipediaSister}} ==Wikipedia languages== {{WikipediaLang}} </div> </div>__NOTOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__ 5421 2006-05-23T17:20:51Z Lee 85 {{WikipediaINTRO}} --------- <table> <td bgcolor=#FAF9EC> <center> ''' සිංහල ''' [[සිංහල භාෂාව]] - [[සිංහල ඉතිහාසය]] - [[සිංහල ජාතිය]] - [[සිංහල සංස්කෘතිය]] - [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව]] - [[ආසියාව]] ''' ගණිත සහ ස්වභාව විද්‍යා''' [[තාරකා විද්‍යාව]] - [[ජීව විද්‍යාව]] - [[සත්ව විද්‍යාව]] - [[රසායන විද්‍යාව]] - [[ශාක විද්‍යාව]] - [[කෘමි විද්‍යාව]] - [[භෞතික විද්‍යාව]] - [[ගණිතය]] - [[තොරතුරු තාක්‍ෂණය]] - [[ස්වභාව විද්‍යාව]] - [[Statistics]] ''' සාමාජික විද්‍යා ''' [[මානව විද්‍යාව]] - [[පුරා විද්‍යාව]] - [[රාජ්‍ය තාන්ත්රකත්වය]] - [[අධ්‍යාපනය]] - [[දර්ශන විද්‍යාව]] - [[මුල්‍ය]] - [[භූ විද්‍යාව]] - [[භාෂා]] සහ [[වාග් විද්‍යාව]] - [[Musicology]] - [[අධ්‍යාපන විද්‍යාව]] - [[මනෝ විද්‍යාව]] - [[සමාජ විද්‍යාව]] - [[ඉතිහාසය]] ''' Politics, law, and society ''' [[වානිජ්‍යය]] - [[යුධ විද්‍යා]] - [[නීතිය]] - [[ආර්ථිකය]] - [[පවුල]] - [[ව්‍යාපාර]] - [[දේශපාලනය]] ''' ආගම් සහ මිථ්‍යා ''' [[ආගම]] - [[මිථ්‍යා විශ්වාස]] - [[දේවධර්මය]] - [[ඉස්ලාම්]] - [[කිතු දහම]] - [[ජෛන ආගම]] - [[සිඛ් ආගම]] - [[බුදු දහම]] - [[නාස්තික වාදය]] - [[හින්දු ආගම]] - [[ආත්ම වාදය]] - [[ජුදා ආගම]] - [[ගුප්ත ධර්මය]] - [[ආධ්‍යාත්මික]] ''' කලාව සහ සංස්කෘතිය ''' [[කලාව]] - [[නර්තනය]] - [[සිනමාව]] - [[සංස්කෘතිය]] - [[ජනකතා]] - [[Photography]] - [[සාහිත්‍යය]] - [[සංගීතය]] - [[Sculpture]] - [[නාට්‍ය]] ''' ව්‍යවහාරික විද්‍යා සහ කර්මාන්ත ''' [[Aerospace]] - [[කෘෂිකර්මය]] - [[විදුලිය]] - [[විද්‍යුත්]] - [[කලමණාකරනය]] - [[වාස්තු විද්‍යාව]] - [[සන්නිවේදනය]] - [[අන්තර්ජාලය]] - [[වෛද්‍ය විද්‍යාව]] - [[කර්මාන්ත]] - [[Engineering]] - [[තාක්ෂණය]] - [[ප්‍රවාහනය]] - [[විද්‍යුත් සන්නිවේදනය]] ''' ජීවිතය සහ විනෝදය ''' [[Cuisine]] - [[විනෝදාංශ]] - [[ගෙවතු වගාව]] - [[ක්‍රීඩා]] - [[සංචාරක]] - [[සෞඛ්‍යය]] - [[පෝෂණය]] - [[විනෝදාත්මක]] - [[ලිංගිකත්වය]] ''' අනෙකුත් ''' [[ජීවිත කථා]] - [[List of lists]] - [[ලෝකයේ ඇති රටවල්]] </center> </td> </table> --------- {|style="border-spacing:8px;margin:0px -8px" |class="MainPageBG" style="width:55%;border:1px solid #cef2e0;background-color:#f5fffa;vertical-align:top;color:#000"| {|width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5" style="vertical-align:top;background-color:#f5fffa" ! <h2 style="margin:0;background-color:#cef2e0;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3bfb1;text-align:left;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em;">දවසේ ලිපිය</h2> |- |style="color:#000"|දවසේ ලිපිය, ඉදිරියේ දී බලාපොරොත්තු වන්න... |- ! <h2 style="margin:0;background:#cef2e0;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3bfb1;text-align:left;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em;">ඔබ දැන සිටියාද...</h2> |- |style="color:#000"|ඔබ දැන සිටියාද..., ඉදිරියේ දී බලාපොරොත්තු වන්න... |- |} |class="MainPageBG" style="width:45%;border:1px solid #cedff2;background-color:#f5faff;vertical-align:top"| {| width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5" style="vertical-align:top;background-color:#f5faff" ! <h2 style="margin:0;background-color:#cedff2;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3b0bf;text-align:left;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em;">පුවතකින් බිඳක්...</h2> |- |style="color:#000"|පුවතකින් බිඳක්..., ඉදිරියේ දී බලාපොරොත්තු වන්න... |- ! <h2 style="margin:0;background:#cedff2;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3b0bf;text-align:left;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em;">අතීතයේ අද වැනි දිනක...</h2> |- |style="color:#000"|අතීතයේ අද වැනි දිනක..., ඉදිරියේ දී බලාපොරොත්තු වන්න... |- |} |} {|style="border-spacing:8px;margin:-8px -8px" |class="MainPageBG" style="width:100%;border:1px solid #ddcef2;background-color:#faf5ff;vertical-align:top;color:#000"| {|cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5" style="vertical-align:top;background-color:#faf5ff;color:#000" ! <h2 style="margin:0;background-color:#ddcef2;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #afa3bf;text-align:left;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em;">දවසේ සේයාරුව</h2> |- |style="color:#000"|දවසේ සේයාරුව, ඉදිරියේ දී බලාපොරොත්තු වන්න...  |- |} |} ==Other areas of Wikipedia== {{WikipediaOther}} ==Wikipedia's sister projects== {{WikipediaSister}} ==Wikipedia languages== {{WikipediaLang}} </div> </div>__NOTOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__ 5422 2006-05-23T17:22:46Z Lee 85 '''[[Wikipedia:Sinhala font|IF YOU HAVE TROUBLE READING SINHALA FONTS, CLICK HERE]].''' {{WikipediaINTRO}} --------- <table> <td bgcolor=#FAF9EC> <center> ''' සිංහල ''' [[සිංහල භාෂාව]] - [[සිංහල ඉතිහාසය]] - [[සිංහල ජාතිය]] - [[සිංහල සංස්කෘතිය]] - [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව]] - [[ආසියාව]] ''' ගණිත සහ ස්වභාව විද්‍යා''' [[තාරකා විද්‍යාව]] - [[ජීව විද්‍යාව]] - [[සත්ව විද්‍යාව]] - [[රසායන විද්‍යාව]] - [[ශාක විද්‍යාව]] - [[කෘමි විද්‍යාව]] - [[භෞතික විද්‍යාව]] - [[ගණිතය]] - [[තොරතුරු තාක්‍ෂණය]] - [[ස්වභාව විද්‍යාව]] - [[Statistics]] ''' සාමාජික විද්‍යා ''' [[මානව විද්‍යාව]] - [[පුරා විද්‍යාව]] - [[රාජ්‍ය තාන්ත්රකත්වය]] - [[අධ්‍යාපනය]] - [[දර්ශන විද්‍යාව]] - [[මුල්‍ය]] - [[භූ විද්‍යාව]] - [[භාෂා]] සහ [[වාග් විද්‍යාව]] - [[Musicology]] - [[අධ්‍යාපන විද්‍යාව]] - [[මනෝ විද්‍යාව]] - [[සමාජ විද්‍යාව]] - [[ඉතිහාසය]] ''' Politics, law, and society ''' [[වානිජ්‍යය]] - [[යුධ විද්‍යා]] - [[නීතිය]] - [[ආර්ථිකය]] - [[පවුල]] - [[ව්‍යාපාර]] - [[දේශපාලනය]] ''' ආගම් සහ මිථ්‍යා ''' [[ආගම]] - [[මිථ්‍යා විශ්වාස]] - [[දේවධර්මය]] - [[ඉස්ලාම්]] - [[කිතු දහම]] - [[ජෛන ආගම]] - [[සිඛ් ආගම]] - [[බුදු දහම]] - [[නාස්තික වාදය]] - [[හින්දු ආගම]] - [[ආත්ම වාදය]] - [[ජුදා ආගම]] - [[ගුප්ත ධර්මය]] - [[ආධ්‍යාත්මික]] ''' කලාව සහ සංස්කෘතිය ''' [[කලාව]] - [[නර්තනය]] - [[සිනමාව]] - [[සංස්කෘතිය]] - [[ජනකතා]] - [[Photography]] - [[සාහිත්‍යය]] - [[සංගීතය]] - [[Sculpture]] - [[නාට්‍ය]] ''' ව්‍යවහාරික විද්‍යා සහ කර්මාන්ත ''' [[Aerospace]] - [[කෘෂිකර්මය]] - [[විදුලිය]] - [[විද්‍යුත්]] - [[කලමණාකරනය]] - [[වාස්තු විද්‍යාව]] - [[සන්නිවේදනය]] - [[අන්තර්ජාලය]] - [[වෛද්‍ය විද්‍යාව]] - [[කර්මාන්ත]] - [[Engineering]] - [[තාක්ෂණය]] - [[ප්‍රවාහනය]] - [[විද්‍යුත් සන්නිවේදනය]] ''' ජීවිතය සහ විනෝදය ''' [[Cuisine]] - [[විනෝදාංශ]] - [[ගෙවතු වගාව]] - [[ක්‍රීඩා]] - [[සංචාරක]] - [[සෞඛ්‍යය]] - [[පෝෂණය]] - [[විනෝදාත්මක]] - [[ලිංගිකත්වය]] ''' අනෙකුත් ''' [[ජීවිත කථා]] - [[List of lists]] - [[ලෝකයේ ඇති රටවල්]] </center> </td> </table> --------- {|style="border-spacing:8px;margin:0px -8px" |class="MainPageBG" style="width:55%;border:1px solid #cef2e0;background-color:#f5fffa;vertical-align:top;color:#000"| {|width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5" style="vertical-align:top;background-color:#f5fffa" ! <h2 style="margin:0;background-color:#cef2e0;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3bfb1;text-align:left;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em;">දවසේ ලිපිය</h2> |- |style="color:#000"|දවසේ ලිපිය, ඉදිරියේ දී බලාපොරොත්තු වන්න... |- ! <h2 style="margin:0;background:#cef2e0;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3bfb1;text-align:left;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em;">ඔබ දැන සිටියාද...</h2> |- |style="color:#000"|ඔබ දැන සිටියාද..., ඉදිරියේ දී බලාපොරොත්තු වන්න... |- |} |class="MainPageBG" style="width:45%;border:1px solid #cedff2;background-color:#f5faff;vertical-align:top"| {| width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5" style="vertical-align:top;background-color:#f5faff" ! <h2 style="margin:0;background-color:#cedff2;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3b0bf;text-align:left;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em;">පුවතකින් බිඳක්...</h2> |- |style="color:#000"|පුවතකින් බිඳක්..., ඉදිරියේ දී බලාපොරොත්තු වන්න... |- ! <h2 style="margin:0;background:#cedff2;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3b0bf;text-align:left;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em;">අතීතයේ අද වැනි දිනක...</h2> |- |style="color:#000"|අතීතයේ අද වැනි දිනක..., ඉදිරියේ දී බලාපොරොත්තු වන්න... |- |} |} {|style="border-spacing:8px;margin:-8px -8px" |class="MainPageBG" style="width:100%;border:1px solid #ddcef2;background-color:#faf5ff;vertical-align:top;color:#000"| {|cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5" style="vertical-align:top;background-color:#faf5ff;color:#000" ! <h2 style="margin:0;background-color:#ddcef2;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #afa3bf;text-align:left;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em;">දවසේ සේයාරුව</h2> |- |style="color:#000"|දවසේ සේයාරුව, ඉදිරියේ දී බලාපොරොත්තු වන්න...  |- |} |} ==Other areas of Wikipedia== {{WikipediaOther}} ==Wikipedia's sister projects== {{WikipediaSister}} ==Wikipedia languages== {{WikipediaLang}} </div> </div>__NOTOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__ Template:WikipediaLang 1916 5410 2006-05-22T13:53:25Z Lee 85 <div id="lang"> This is the [[සිංහල]] Wikipedia. Started in 2001, it currently contains [[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] articles. Wikipedias are also being written in many other [[Wikipedia#Language_editions|languages]]: <div style="font-size:95%"><div id="lang-100000"> *More than 100,000 articles: [[:de:|Deutsch (German)]] · [[:es:|Español (Spanish)]] · [[:fr:|Français (French)]] · [[:it:|Italiano (Italian)]] · [[:ja:|日本語 (Japanese)]] · [[:nl:|Nederlands (Dutch)]] · [[:pl:|Polski (Polish)]] · [[:pt:| Português (Portuguese)]] · [[:sv:|Svenska (Swedish)]] </div><div style="font-size:95%"><div id="lang-10000"> *More than 10,000 articles: [[:ar:|العربية (Arabic)]] · [[:bg:|Български (Bulgarian)]] · [[:ca:|Català (Catalan)]] · [[:cs:|Česky (Czech)]] · [[:da:|Dansk (Danish)]] · [[:el:|Ελληνικά (Greek)]] · [[:et:|Eesti (Estonian)]] · [[:eo:|Esperanto]] · [[:fa:|فارسی (Persian)]] · [[:gl:|Galego (Galician)]] · [[:he:|עברית (Hebrew)]] · [[:hr:|Hrvatski (Croatian)]] · [[:io:|Ido]] · [[:id:|Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian)]] · [[:is:|Íslenska (Icelandic)]] · [[:ko:|한국어 (Korean)]] · [[:lt:|Lietuvių (Lithuanian)]] · [[:hu:|Magyar (Hungarian)]] · [[:ms:|Bahasa Melayu (Malay)]] · [[:no:|Norsk bokmål (Norwegian)]] · [[:nn:|Norsk nynorsk (Norwegian)]] · [[:ro:|Română (Romanian)]] · [[:ru:|Русский (Russian)]] · [[:sk:|Slovenčina (Slovak)]] · [[:sl:|Slovenščina (Slovenian)]] · [[:sr:|Српски (Serbian)]] · [[:fi:|Suomi (Finnish)]] · [[:th:|ภาษาไทย (Thai)]] · [[:tr:|Türkçe (Turkish)]] · [[:uk:|Українська (Ukrainian)]] · [[:zh:|中文 (Chinese)]] </div><div style="font-size:95%"><div id="lang-1000"> *More than 1,000 articles: [[:als:|Alemannisch (Alemannic)]] · [[:af:|Afrikaans]] · [[:an:|Aragonés (Aragonese)]] · [[:ast:|Asturianu (Asturian)]] · [[:az:|Azərbaycan (Azerbaijani)]] · [[:zh-min-nan:|Bân-lâm-gú (Min Nan)]] · [[:be:|Беларуская (Belarusian)]] · [[:bn:|বাংলা (Bengali)]] · [[:bs:|Bosanski (Bosnian)]] · [[:br:|Brezhoneg (Breton)]] · [[:cv:|Чăваш чěлхи (Chuvash)]] · [[:co:|Corsu (Corsican)]] · [[:cy:|Cymraeg (Welsh)]] · [[:eu:|Euskara (Basque)]] · [[:fo:|Føroyskt (Faroese)]] · [[:fy:|Frysk (Western Frisian)]] · [[:ga:|Gaeilge (Irish)]] · [[:gd:|Gàidhlig (Scots Gaelic)]] · [[:hi:|हिन्दी (Hindi)]] · [[:ilo:|Ilokano]] · [[:ia:|Interlingua]] · [[:jv:|Basa Jawa (Javanese)]] · [[:ka:|ქართული (Georgian)]] · [[:kn:|ಕನ್ನಡ (Kannada)]] · [[:kw:|Kernewek (Cornish)]] · [[:ht:|Kreyòl Ayisyen (Haitian Creole)]] · [[:ku:|Kurdî / كوردی (Kurdish)]] · [[:la:|Latina (Latin)]] · [[:lv:|Latviešu (Latvian)]] · [[:lb:|Lëtzebuergesch (Luxembourgish)]] · [[:li:|Limburgs (Limburgish)]] · [[:mk:|Македонски (Macedonian)]] · [[:mr:|मराठी (Marathi)]] · [[:nap:|Napulitana (Neapolitan)]] · [[:oc:|Occitan]] · [[:os:|Ирон (Ossetic)]] · [[:pam:|Pampangan (Kapampangan)]] · [[:nds:|Plattdüütsch (Low Saxon)]] · [[:sco:|Scots]] · [[:scn:|Sicilianu (Sicilian)]] · [[:simple:|Simple English]] · [[:sq:|Shqip (Albanian)]] · [[:ceb:|Sinugboanon (Cebuano)]] · [[:sh:|Srpskohrvatski/Српскохрватски (Serbo–Croatian)]] · [[:ta:| தமிழ் (Tamil)]] · [[:tl:|Tagalog]] · [[:tt:|Tatarça (Tatar)]] · [[:te:|తెలుగు (Telugu)]] · [[:vi:|Tiếng Việt (Vietnamese)]] · [[:wa:|Walon (Walloon)]] · [[:war:|Winaray (Waray-Waray)]] · [[:yi:|ייִדיש (Yiddish)]] '''[[m:List of Wikipedias|Complete list]]''' · '''[[Wikipedia:Multilingual coordination|Multilingual coordination]]''' · '''[[m:How to start a new Wikipedia|Start a Wikipedia in another language]]''' </div></div> 5412 2006-05-22T13:55:04Z Lee 85 <div id="lang"> This is the [[සිංහල]] Wikipedia. Started in 2005, it currently contains [[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] articles. Wikipedias are also being written in many other [[Wikipedia#Language_editions|languages]]: <div style="font-size:95%"><div id="lang-100000"> *More than 100,000 articles: [[:de:|Deutsch (German)]] · [[:es:|Español (Spanish)]] · [[:fr:|Français (French)]] · [[:it:|Italiano (Italian)]] · [[:ja:|日本語 (Japanese)]] · [[:nl:|Nederlands (Dutch)]] · [[:pl:|Polski (Polish)]] · [[:pt:| Português (Portuguese)]] · [[:sv:|Svenska (Swedish)]] </div><div style="font-size:95%"><div id="lang-10000"> *More than 10,000 articles: [[:ar:|العربية (Arabic)]] · [[:bg:|Български (Bulgarian)]] · [[:ca:|Català (Catalan)]] · [[:cs:|Česky (Czech)]] · [[:da:|Dansk (Danish)]] · [[:el:|Ελληνικά (Greek)]] · [[:et:|Eesti (Estonian)]] · [[:eo:|Esperanto]] · [[:fa:|فارسی (Persian)]] · [[:gl:|Galego (Galician)]] · [[:he:|עברית (Hebrew)]] · [[:hr:|Hrvatski (Croatian)]] · [[:io:|Ido]] · [[:id:|Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian)]] · [[:is:|Íslenska (Icelandic)]] · [[:ko:|한국어 (Korean)]] · [[:lt:|Lietuvių (Lithuanian)]] · [[:hu:|Magyar (Hungarian)]] · [[:ms:|Bahasa Melayu (Malay)]] · [[:no:|Norsk bokmål (Norwegian)]] · [[:nn:|Norsk nynorsk (Norwegian)]] · [[:ro:|Română (Romanian)]] · [[:ru:|Русский (Russian)]] · [[:sk:|Slovenčina (Slovak)]] · [[:sl:|Slovenščina (Slovenian)]] · [[:sr:|Српски (Serbian)]] · [[:fi:|Suomi (Finnish)]] · [[:th:|ภาษาไทย (Thai)]] · [[:tr:|Türkçe (Turkish)]] · [[:uk:|Українська (Ukrainian)]] · [[:zh:|中文 (Chinese)]] </div><div style="font-size:95%"><div id="lang-1000"> *More than 1,000 articles: [[:als:|Alemannisch (Alemannic)]] · [[:af:|Afrikaans]] · [[:an:|Aragonés (Aragonese)]] · [[:ast:|Asturianu (Asturian)]] · [[:az:|Azərbaycan (Azerbaijani)]] · [[:zh-min-nan:|Bân-lâm-gú (Min Nan)]] · [[:be:|Беларуская (Belarusian)]] · [[:bn:|বাংলা (Bengali)]] · [[:bs:|Bosanski (Bosnian)]] · [[:br:|Brezhoneg (Breton)]] · [[:cv:|Чăваш чěлхи (Chuvash)]] · [[:co:|Corsu (Corsican)]] · [[:cy:|Cymraeg (Welsh)]] · [[:eu:|Euskara (Basque)]] · [[:fo:|Føroyskt (Faroese)]] · [[:fy:|Frysk (Western Frisian)]] · [[:ga:|Gaeilge (Irish)]] · [[:gd:|Gàidhlig (Scots Gaelic)]] · [[:hi:|हिन्दी (Hindi)]] · [[:ilo:|Ilokano]] · [[:ia:|Interlingua]] · [[:jv:|Basa Jawa (Javanese)]] · [[:ka:|ქართული (Georgian)]] · [[:kn:|ಕನ್ನಡ (Kannada)]] · [[:kw:|Kernewek (Cornish)]] · [[:ht:|Kreyòl Ayisyen (Haitian Creole)]] · [[:ku:|Kurdî / كوردی (Kurdish)]] · [[:la:|Latina (Latin)]] · [[:lv:|Latviešu (Latvian)]] · [[:lb:|Lëtzebuergesch (Luxembourgish)]] · [[:li:|Limburgs (Limburgish)]] · [[:mk:|Македонски (Macedonian)]] · [[:mr:|मराठी (Marathi)]] · [[:nap:|Napulitana (Neapolitan)]] · [[:oc:|Occitan]] · [[:os:|Ирон (Ossetic)]] · [[:pam:|Pampangan (Kapampangan)]] · [[:nds:|Plattdüütsch (Low Saxon)]] · [[:sco:|Scots]] · [[:scn:|Sicilianu (Sicilian)]] · [[:simple:|Simple English]] · [[:sq:|Shqip (Albanian)]] · [[:ceb:|Sinugboanon (Cebuano)]] · [[:sh:|Srpskohrvatski/Српскохрватски (Serbo–Croatian)]] · [[:ta:| தமிழ் (Tamil)]] · [[:tl:|Tagalog]] · [[:tt:|Tatarça (Tatar)]] · [[:te:|తెలుగు (Telugu)]] · [[:vi:|Tiếng Việt (Vietnamese)]] · [[:wa:|Walon (Walloon)]] · [[:war:|Winaray (Waray-Waray)]] · [[:yi:|ייִדיש (Yiddish)]] '''[[m:List of Wikipedias|Complete list]]''' · '''[[Wikipedia:Multilingual coordination|Multilingual coordination]]''' · '''[[m:How to start a new Wikipedia|Start a Wikipedia in another language]]''' </div></div> 5413 2006-05-22T14:01:31Z Lee 85 <div id="lang"> මෙය 2005 වසරේ ඇරඹි විකිපීඩියා [[සිංහල]] භාෂා සංස්කරණයයි. මෙහි දැනට පිටු [[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} ක් ඇත. Wikipedias are also being written in many other [[Wikipedia#Language_editions|languages]]: <div style="font-size:95%"><div id="lang-100000"> *ලිපි 100,000 ඉක්මවූ: [[:de:|Deutsch (German)]] · [[:es:|Español (Spanish)]] · [[:fr:|Français (French)]] · [[:it:|Italiano (Italian)]] · [[:ja:|日本語 (Japanese)]] · [[:nl:|Nederlands (Dutch)]] · [[:pl:|Polski (Polish)]] · [[:pt:| Português (Portuguese)]] · [[:sv:|Svenska (Swedish)]] </div><div style="font-size:95%"><div id="lang-10000"> *ලිපි 10,000 ඉක්මවූ: [[:ar:|العربية (Arabic)]] · [[:bg:|Български (Bulgarian)]] · [[:ca:|Català (Catalan)]] · [[:cs:|Česky (Czech)]] · [[:da:|Dansk (Danish)]] · [[:el:|Ελληνικά (Greek)]] · [[:et:|Eesti (Estonian)]] · [[:eo:|Esperanto]] · [[:fa:|فارسی (Persian)]] · [[:gl:|Galego (Galician)]] · [[:he:|עברית (Hebrew)]] · [[:hr:|Hrvatski (Croatian)]] · [[:io:|Ido]] · [[:id:|Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian)]] · [[:is:|Íslenska (Icelandic)]] · [[:ko:|한국어 (Korean)]] · [[:lt:|Lietuvių (Lithuanian)]] · [[:hu:|Magyar (Hungarian)]] · [[:ms:|Bahasa Melayu (Malay)]] · [[:no:|Norsk bokmål (Norwegian)]] · [[:nn:|Norsk nynorsk (Norwegian)]] · [[:ro:|Română (Romanian)]] · [[:ru:|Русский (Russian)]] · [[:sk:|Slovenčina (Slovak)]] · [[:sl:|Slovenščina (Slovenian)]] · [[:sr:|Српски (Serbian)]] · [[:fi:|Suomi (Finnish)]] · [[:th:|ภาษาไทย (Thai)]] · [[:tr:|Türkçe (Turkish)]] · [[:uk:|Українська (Ukrainian)]] · [[:zh:|中文 (Chinese)]] </div><div style="font-size:95%"><div id="lang-1000"> *ලිපි 1,000 ඉක්මවූ: [[:als:|Alemannisch (Alemannic)]] · [[:af:|Afrikaans]] · [[:an:|Aragonés (Aragonese)]] · [[:ast:|Asturianu (Asturian)]] · [[:az:|Azərbaycan (Azerbaijani)]] · [[:zh-min-nan:|Bân-lâm-gú (Min Nan)]] · [[:be:|Беларуская (Belarusian)]] · [[:bn:|বাংলা (Bengali)]] · [[:bs:|Bosanski (Bosnian)]] · [[:br:|Brezhoneg (Breton)]] · [[:cv:|Чăваш чěлхи (Chuvash)]] · [[:co:|Corsu (Corsican)]] · [[:cy:|Cymraeg (Welsh)]] · [[:eu:|Euskara (Basque)]] · [[:fo:|Føroyskt (Faroese)]] · [[:fy:|Frysk (Western Frisian)]] · [[:ga:|Gaeilge (Irish)]] · [[:gd:|Gàidhlig (Scots Gaelic)]] · [[:hi:|हिन्दी (Hindi)]] · [[:ilo:|Ilokano]] · [[:ia:|Interlingua]] · [[:jv:|Basa Jawa (Javanese)]] · [[:ka:|ქართული (Georgian)]] · [[:kn:|ಕನ್ನಡ (Kannada)]] · [[:kw:|Kernewek (Cornish)]] · [[:ht:|Kreyòl Ayisyen (Haitian Creole)]] · [[:ku:|Kurdî / كوردی (Kurdish)]] · [[:la:|Latina (Latin)]] · [[:lv:|Latviešu (Latvian)]] · [[:lb:|Lëtzebuergesch (Luxembourgish)]] · [[:li:|Limburgs (Limburgish)]] · [[:mk:|Македонски (Macedonian)]] · [[:mr:|मराठी (Marathi)]] · [[:nap:|Napulitana (Neapolitan)]] · [[:oc:|Occitan]] · [[:os:|Ирон (Ossetic)]] · [[:pam:|Pampangan (Kapampangan)]] · [[:nds:|Plattdüütsch (Low Saxon)]] · [[:sco:|Scots]] · [[:scn:|Sicilianu (Sicilian)]] · [[:simple:|Simple English]] · [[:sq:|Shqip (Albanian)]] · [[:ceb:|Sinugboanon (Cebuano)]] · [[:sh:|Srpskohrvatski/Српскохрватски (Serbo–Croatian)]] · [[:ta:| தமிழ் (Tamil)]] · [[:tl:|Tagalog]] · [[:tt:|Tatarça (Tatar)]] · [[:te:|తెలుగు (Telugu)]] · [[:vi:|Tiếng Việt (Vietnamese)]] · [[:wa:|Walon (Walloon)]] · [[:war:|Winaray (Waray-Waray)]] · [[:yi:|ייִדיש (Yiddish)]] '''[[m:List of Wikipedias|Complete list]]''' · '''[[Wikipedia:Multilingual coordination|Multilingual coordination]]''' · '''[[m:How to start a new Wikipedia|Start a Wikipedia in another language]]''' </div></div> 5414 2006-05-22T14:02:00Z Lee 85 <div id="lang"> මෙය 2005 වසරේ ඇරඹි විකිපීඩියා [[සිංහල]] භාෂා සංස්කරණයයි. මෙහි දැනට පිටු [[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] ක් ඇත. Wikipedias are also being written in many other [[Wikipedia#Language_editions|languages]]: <div style="font-size:95%"><div id="lang-100000"> *ලිපි 100,000 ඉක්මවූ: [[:de:|Deutsch (German)]] · [[:es:|Español (Spanish)]] · [[:fr:|Français (French)]] · [[:it:|Italiano (Italian)]] · [[:ja:|日本語 (Japanese)]] · [[:nl:|Nederlands (Dutch)]] · [[:pl:|Polski (Polish)]] · [[:pt:| Português (Portuguese)]] · [[:sv:|Svenska (Swedish)]] </div><div style="font-size:95%"><div id="lang-10000"> *ලිපි 10,000 ඉක්මවූ: [[:ar:|العربية (Arabic)]] · [[:bg:|Български (Bulgarian)]] · [[:ca:|Català (Catalan)]] · [[:cs:|Česky (Czech)]] · [[:da:|Dansk (Danish)]] · [[:el:|Ελληνικά (Greek)]] · [[:et:|Eesti (Estonian)]] · [[:eo:|Esperanto]] · [[:fa:|فارسی (Persian)]] · [[:gl:|Galego (Galician)]] · [[:he:|עברית (Hebrew)]] · [[:hr:|Hrvatski (Croatian)]] · [[:io:|Ido]] · [[:id:|Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian)]] · [[:is:|Íslenska (Icelandic)]] · [[:ko:|한국어 (Korean)]] · [[:lt:|Lietuvių (Lithuanian)]] · [[:hu:|Magyar (Hungarian)]] · [[:ms:|Bahasa Melayu (Malay)]] · [[:no:|Norsk bokmål (Norwegian)]] · [[:nn:|Norsk nynorsk (Norwegian)]] · [[:ro:|Română (Romanian)]] · [[:ru:|Русский (Russian)]] · [[:sk:|Slovenčina (Slovak)]] · [[:sl:|Slovenščina (Slovenian)]] · [[:sr:|Српски (Serbian)]] · [[:fi:|Suomi (Finnish)]] · [[:th:|ภาษาไทย (Thai)]] · [[:tr:|Türkçe (Turkish)]] · [[:uk:|Українська (Ukrainian)]] · [[:zh:|中文 (Chinese)]] </div><div style="font-size:95%"><div id="lang-1000"> *ලිපි 1,000 ඉක්මවූ: [[:als:|Alemannisch (Alemannic)]] · [[:af:|Afrikaans]] · [[:an:|Aragonés (Aragonese)]] · [[:ast:|Asturianu (Asturian)]] · [[:az:|Azərbaycan (Azerbaijani)]] · [[:zh-min-nan:|Bân-lâm-gú (Min Nan)]] · [[:be:|Беларуская (Belarusian)]] · [[:bn:|বাংলা (Bengali)]] · [[:bs:|Bosanski (Bosnian)]] · [[:br:|Brezhoneg (Breton)]] · [[:cv:|Чăваш чěлхи (Chuvash)]] · [[:co:|Corsu (Corsican)]] · [[:cy:|Cymraeg (Welsh)]] · [[:eu:|Euskara (Basque)]] · [[:fo:|Føroyskt (Faroese)]] · [[:fy:|Frysk (Western Frisian)]] · [[:ga:|Gaeilge (Irish)]] · [[:gd:|Gàidhlig (Scots Gaelic)]] · [[:hi:|हिन्दी (Hindi)]] · [[:ilo:|Ilokano]] · [[:ia:|Interlingua]] · [[:jv:|Basa Jawa (Javanese)]] · [[:ka:|ქართული (Georgian)]] · [[:kn:|ಕನ್ನಡ (Kannada)]] · [[:kw:|Kernewek (Cornish)]] · [[:ht:|Kreyòl Ayisyen (Haitian Creole)]] · [[:ku:|Kurdî / كوردی (Kurdish)]] · [[:la:|Latina (Latin)]] · [[:lv:|Latviešu (Latvian)]] · [[:lb:|Lëtzebuergesch (Luxembourgish)]] · [[:li:|Limburgs (Limburgish)]] · [[:mk:|Македонски (Macedonian)]] · [[:mr:|मराठी (Marathi)]] · [[:nap:|Napulitana (Neapolitan)]] · [[:oc:|Occitan]] · [[:os:|Ирон (Ossetic)]] · [[:pam:|Pampangan (Kapampangan)]] · [[:nds:|Plattdüütsch (Low Saxon)]] · [[:sco:|Scots]] · [[:scn:|Sicilianu (Sicilian)]] · [[:simple:|Simple English]] · [[:sq:|Shqip (Albanian)]] · [[:ceb:|Sinugboanon (Cebuano)]] · [[:sh:|Srpskohrvatski/Српскохрватски (Serbo–Croatian)]] · [[:ta:| தமிழ் (Tamil)]] · [[:tl:|Tagalog]] · [[:tt:|Tatarça (Tatar)]] · [[:te:|తెలుగు (Telugu)]] · [[:vi:|Tiếng Việt (Vietnamese)]] · [[:wa:|Walon (Walloon)]] · [[:war:|Winaray (Waray-Waray)]] · [[:yi:|ייִדיש (Yiddish)]] '''[[m:List of Wikipedias|Complete list]]''' · '''[[Wikipedia:Multilingual coordination|Multilingual coordination]]''' · '''[[m:How to start a new Wikipedia|Start a Wikipedia in another language]]''' </div></div> 5596 2006-06-09T12:50:40Z Lee 85 <div id="lang"> මෙය 2005 වසරේ ඇරඹි විකිපීඩියා [[සිංහල]] භාෂා සංස්කරණයයි. මෙහි දැනට පිටු [[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] ක් ඇත. විකිපීඩියා, තවත් බොහෝ [[Wikipedia#Language_editions|භාෂා]] වලින් ලියවී ඇත: <div style="font-size:95%"><div id="lang-100000"> *ලිපි 100,000 ඉක්මවූ: [[:de:|Deutsch (German)]] · [[:es:|Español (Spanish)]] · [[:fr:|Français (French)]] · [[:it:|Italiano (Italian)]] · [[:ja:|日本語 (Japanese)]] · [[:nl:|Nederlands (Dutch)]] · [[:pl:|Polski (Polish)]] · [[:pt:| Português (Portuguese)]] · [[:sv:|Svenska (Swedish)]] </div><div style="font-size:95%"><div id="lang-10000"> *ලිපි 10,000 ඉක්මවූ: [[:ar:|العربية (Arabic)]] · [[:bg:|Български (Bulgarian)]] · [[:ca:|Català (Catalan)]] · [[:cs:|Česky (Czech)]] · [[:da:|Dansk (Danish)]] · [[:el:|Ελληνικά (Greek)]] · [[:et:|Eesti (Estonian)]] · [[:eo:|Esperanto]] · [[:fa:|فارسی (Persian)]] · [[:gl:|Galego (Galician)]] · [[:he:|עברית (Hebrew)]] · [[:hr:|Hrvatski (Croatian)]] · [[:io:|Ido]] · [[:id:|Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian)]] · [[:is:|Íslenska (Icelandic)]] · [[:ko:|한국어 (Korean)]] · [[:lt:|Lietuvių (Lithuanian)]] · [[:hu:|Magyar (Hungarian)]] · [[:ms:|Bahasa Melayu (Malay)]] · [[:no:|Norsk bokmål (Norwegian)]] · [[:nn:|Norsk nynorsk (Norwegian)]] · [[:ro:|Română (Romanian)]] · [[:ru:|Русский (Russian)]] · [[:sk:|Slovenčina (Slovak)]] · [[:sl:|Slovenščina (Slovenian)]] · [[:sr:|Српски (Serbian)]] · [[:fi:|Suomi (Finnish)]] · [[:th:|ภาษาไทย (Thai)]] · [[:tr:|Türkçe (Turkish)]] · [[:uk:|Українська (Ukrainian)]] · [[:zh:|中文 (Chinese)]] </div><div style="font-size:95%"><div id="lang-1000"> *ලිපි 1,000 ඉක්මවූ: [[:als:|Alemannisch (Alemannic)]] · [[:af:|Afrikaans]] · [[:an:|Aragonés (Aragonese)]] · [[:ast:|Asturianu (Asturian)]] · [[:az:|Azərbaycan (Azerbaijani)]] · [[:zh-min-nan:|Bân-lâm-gú (Min Nan)]] · [[:be:|Беларуская (Belarusian)]] · [[:bn:|বাংলা (Bengali)]] · [[:bs:|Bosanski (Bosnian)]] · [[:br:|Brezhoneg (Breton)]] · [[:cv:|Чăваш чěлхи (Chuvash)]] · [[:co:|Corsu (Corsican)]] · [[:cy:|Cymraeg (Welsh)]] · [[:eu:|Euskara (Basque)]] · [[:fo:|Føroyskt (Faroese)]] · [[:fy:|Frysk (Western Frisian)]] · [[:ga:|Gaeilge (Irish)]] · [[:gd:|Gàidhlig (Scots Gaelic)]] · [[:hi:|हिन्दी (Hindi)]] · [[:ilo:|Ilokano]] · [[:ia:|Interlingua]] · [[:jv:|Basa Jawa (Javanese)]] · [[:ka:|ქართული (Georgian)]] · [[:kn:|ಕನ್ನಡ (Kannada)]] · [[:kw:|Kernewek (Cornish)]] · [[:ht:|Kreyòl Ayisyen (Haitian Creole)]] · [[:ku:|Kurdî / كوردی (Kurdish)]] · [[:la:|Latina (Latin)]] · [[:lv:|Latviešu (Latvian)]] · [[:lb:|Lëtzebuergesch (Luxembourgish)]] · [[:li:|Limburgs (Limburgish)]] · [[:mk:|Македонски (Macedonian)]] · [[:mr:|मराठी (Marathi)]] · [[:nap:|Napulitana (Neapolitan)]] · [[:oc:|Occitan]] · [[:os:|Ирон (Ossetic)]] · [[:pam:|Pampangan (Kapampangan)]] · [[:nds:|Plattdüütsch (Low Saxon)]] · [[:sco:|Scots]] · [[:scn:|Sicilianu (Sicilian)]] · [[:simple:|Simple English]] · [[:sq:|Shqip (Albanian)]] · [[:ceb:|Sinugboanon (Cebuano)]] · [[:sh:|Srpskohrvatski/Српскохрватски (Serbo–Croatian)]] · [[:ta:| தமிழ் (Tamil)]] · [[:tl:|Tagalog]] · [[:tt:|Tatarça (Tatar)]] · [[:te:|తెలుగు (Telugu)]] · [[:vi:|Tiếng Việt (Vietnamese)]] · [[:wa:|Walon (Walloon)]] · [[:war:|Winaray (Waray-Waray)]] · [[:yi:|ייִדיש (Yiddish)]] '''[[m:List of Wikipedias|Complete list]]''' · '''[[Wikipedia:Multilingual coordination|Multilingual coordination]]''' · '''[[m:How to start a new Wikipedia|Start a Wikipedia in another language]]''' </div></div> 5697 2006-06-25T19:00:05Z Ruwan 82 Template:WikipediaLang <div id="lang"> මෙය 2005 වසරේ ඇරඹි විකිපීඩියා [[සිංහල]] භාෂා සංස්කරණයයි. මෙහි දැනට පිටු [[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] ක් ඇත. විකිපීඩියා, තවත් බොහෝ [[Wikipedia#Language_editions|භාෂා]] වලින් ලියවී ඇත: <div style="font-size:95%"><div id="lang-100000"> *ලිපි 100,000 ඉක්මවූ: [[:de:|Deutsch (German)]] · [[:es:|Español (ස්පාඤ්ඤ)]] · [[:fr:|Français (ප්‍රංශ)]] · [[:it:|Italiano (ඉතාලි)]] · [[:ja:|日本語 (ජපන්)]] · [[:nl:|Nederlands (Dutch)]] · [[:pl:|Polski (Polish)]] · [[:pt:| Português (Portuguese)]] · [[:sv:|Svenska (Swedish)]] </div><div style="font-size:95%"><div id="lang-10000"> *ලිපි 10,000 ඉක්මවූ: [[:ar:|العربية (අරාබි)]] · [[:bg:|Български (Bulgarian)]] · [[:ca:|Català (Catalan)]] · [[:cs:|Česky (Czech)]] · [[:da:|Dansk (Danish)]] · [[:el:|Ελληνικά (Greek)]] · [[:et:|Eesti (Estonian)]] · [[:eo:|Esperanto]] · [[:fa:|فارسی (Persian)]] · [[:gl:|Galego (Galician)]] · [[:he:|עברית (Hebrew)]] · [[:hr:|Hrvatski (Croatian)]] · [[:io:|Ido]] · [[:id:|Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian)]] · [[:is:|Íslenska (Icelandic)]] · [[:ko:|한국어 (Korean)]] · [[:lt:|Lietuvių (Lithuanian)]] · [[:hu:|Magyar (Hungarian)]] · [[:ms:|Bahasa Melayu (Malay)]] · [[:no:|Norsk bokmål (Norwegian)]] · [[:nn:|Norsk nynorsk (Norwegian)]] · [[:ro:|Română (Romanian)]] · [[:ru:|Русский (රුසියන්)]] · [[:sk:|Slovenčina (Slovak)]] · [[:sl:|Slovenščina (Slovenian)]] · [[:sr:|Српски (Serbian)]] · [[:fi:|Suomi (Finnish)]] · [[:th:|ภาษาไทย (Thai)]] · [[:tr:|Türkçe (Turkish)]] · [[:uk:|Українська (Ukrainian)]] · [[:zh:|中文 (Chinese)]] </div><div style="font-size:95%"><div id="lang-1000"> *ලිපි 1,000 ඉක්මවූ: [[:als:|Alemannisch (Alemannic)]] · [[:af:|Afrikaans]] · [[:an:|Aragonés (Aragonese)]] · [[:ast:|Asturianu (Asturian)]] · [[:az:|Azərbaycan (Azerbaijani)]] · [[:zh-min-nan:|Bân-lâm-gú (Min Nan)]] · [[:be:|Беларуская (Belarusian)]] · [[:bn:|বাংলা (Bengali)]] · [[:bs:|Bosanski (Bosnian)]] · [[:br:|Brezhoneg (Breton)]] · [[:cv:|Чăваш чěлхи (Chuvash)]] · [[:co:|Corsu (Corsican)]] · [[:cy:|Cymraeg (Welsh)]] · [[:eu:|Euskara (Basque)]] · [[:fo:|Føroyskt (Faroese)]] · [[:fy:|Frysk (Western Frisian)]] · [[:ga:|Gaeilge (Irish)]] · [[:gd:|Gàidhlig (Scots Gaelic)]] · [[:hi:|हिन्दी (හින්දි)]] · [[:ilo:|Ilokano]] · [[:ia:|Interlingua]] · [[:jv:|Basa Jawa (Javanese)]] · [[:ka:|ქართული (Georgian)]] · [[:kn:|ಕನ್ನಡ (Kannada)]] · [[:kw:|Kernewek (Cornish)]] · [[:ht:|Kreyòl Ayisyen (Haitian Creole)]] · [[:ku:|Kurdî / كوردی (Kurdish)]] · [[:la:|Latina (ලතින්)]] · [[:lv:|Latviešu (Latvian)]] · [[:lb:|Lëtzebuergesch (Luxembourgish)]] · [[:li:|Limburgs (Limburgish)]] · [[:mk:|Македонски (Macedonian)]] · [[:mr:|मराठी (Marathi)]] · [[:nap:|Napulitana (Neapolitan)]] · [[:oc:|Occitan]] · [[:os:|Ирон (Ossetic)]] · [[:pam:|Pampangan (Kapampangan)]] · [[:nds:|Plattdüütsch (Low Saxon)]] · [[:sco:|Scots]] · [[:scn:|Sicilianu (Sicilian)]] · [[:simple:|Simple English (සරල ඉංග්‍රීසි)]] · [[:sq:|Shqip (Albanian)]] · [[:ceb:|Sinugboanon (Cebuano)]] · [[:sh:|Srpskohrvatski/Српскохрватски (Serbo–Croatian)]] · [[:ta:| தமிழ் (දමිළ)]] · [[:tl:|Tagalog]] · [[:tt:|Tatarça (Tatar)]] · [[:te:|తెలుగు (Telugu)]] · [[:vi:|Tiếng Việt (Vietnamese)]] · [[:wa:|Walon (Walloon)]] · [[:war:|Winaray (Waray-Waray)]] · [[:yi:|ייִדיש (Yiddish)]] '''[[m:List of Wikipedias|Complete list]]''' · '''[[Wikipedia:Multilingual coordination|Multilingual coordination]]''' · '''[[m:How to start a new Wikipedia|Start a Wikipedia in another language]]''' </div></div> 5707 2006-06-30T04:58:37Z Ruwan 82 WikipediaLang <div id="lang"> මෙය 2005 වසරේ ඇරඹි විකිපීඩියා [[සිංහල]] භාෂා සංස්කරණයයි. මෙහි දැනට පිටු [[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] ක් ඇත. විකිපීඩියා, තවත් බොහෝ [[Wikipedia#Language_editions|භාෂා]] වලින් ලියවී ඇත: <div style="font-size:95%"><div id="lang-100000"> *ලිපි 100,000 ඉක්මවූ: [[:de:|Deutsch (German)]] · [[:es:|Español (ස්පාඤ්ඤ)]] · [[:fr:|Français (ප්‍රංශ)]] · [[:it:|Italiano (ඉතාලි)]] · [[:ja:|日本語 (ජපන්)]] · [[:nl:|Nederlands (Dutch)]] · [[:pl:|Polski (Polish)]] · [[:pt:| Português (Portuguese)]] · [[:sv:|Svenska (Swedish)]] </div><div style="font-size:95%"><div id="lang-10000"> *ලිපි 10,000 ඉක්මවූ: [[:ar:|العربية (අරාබි)]] · [[:bg:|Български (Bulgarian)]] · [[:ca:|Català (Catalan)]] · [[:cs:|Česky (Czech)]] · [[:da:|Dansk (Danish)]] · [[:el:|Ελληνικά (ග්‍රීක)]] · [[:et:|Eesti (Estonian)]] · [[:eo:|Esperanto]] · [[:fa:|فارسی (Persian)]] · [[:gl:|Galego (Galician)]] · [[:he:|עברית (හිබ්‍රූ)]] · [[:hr:|Hrvatski (Croatian)]] · [[:io:|Ido]] · [[:id:|Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian)]] · [[:is:|Íslenska (Icelandic)]] · [[:ko:|한국어 (Korean)]] · [[:lt:|Lietuvių (Lithuanian)]] · [[:hu:|Magyar (Hungarian)]] · [[:ms:|Bahasa Melayu (Malay)]] · [[:no:|Norsk bokmål (Norwegian)]] · [[:nn:|Norsk nynorsk (Norwegian)]] · [[:ro:|Română (Romanian)]] · [[:ru:|Русский (රුසියන්)]] · [[:sk:|Slovenčina (Slovak)]] · [[:sl:|Slovenščina (Slovenian)]] · [[:sr:|Српски (Serbian)]] · [[:fi:|Suomi (Finnish)]] · [[:th:|ภาษาไทย (තායි)]] · [[:tr:|Türkçe (Turkish)]] · [[:uk:|Українська (Ukrainian)]] · [[:zh:|中文 (චීන)]] </div><div style="font-size:95%"><div id="lang-1000"> *ලිපි 1,000 ඉක්මවූ: [[:als:|Alemannisch (Alemannic)]] · [[:af:|Afrikaans]] · [[:an:|Aragonés (Aragonese)]] · [[:ast:|Asturianu (Asturian)]] · [[:az:|Azərbaycan (Azerbaijani)]] · [[:zh-min-nan:|Bân-lâm-gú (Min Nan)]] · [[:be:|Беларуская (Belarusian)]] · [[:bn:|বাংলা (Bengali)]] · [[:bs:|Bosanski (Bosnian)]] · [[:br:|Brezhoneg (Breton)]] · [[:cv:|Чăваш чěлхи (Chuvash)]] · [[:co:|Corsu (Corsican)]] · [[:cy:|Cymraeg (Welsh)]] · [[:eu:|Euskara (Basque)]] · [[:fo:|Føroyskt (Faroese)]] · [[:fy:|Frysk (Western Frisian)]] · [[:ga:|Gaeilge (Irish)]] · [[:gd:|Gàidhlig (Scots Gaelic)]] · [[:hi:|हिन्दी (හින්දි)]] · [[:ilo:|Ilokano]] · [[:ia:|Interlingua]] · [[:jv:|Basa Jawa (Javanese)]] · [[:ka:|ქართული (Georgian)]] · [[:kn:|ಕನ್ನಡ (Kannada)]] · [[:kw:|Kernewek (Cornish)]] · [[:ht:|Kreyòl Ayisyen (Haitian Creole)]] · [[:ku:|Kurdî / كوردی (Kurdish)]] · [[:la:|Latina (ලතින්)]] · [[:lv:|Latviešu (Latvian)]] · [[:lb:|Lëtzebuergesch (Luxembourgish)]] · [[:li:|Limburgs (Limburgish)]] · [[:mk:|Македонски (Macedonian)]] · [[:mr:|मराठी (Marathi)]] · [[:nap:|Napulitana (Neapolitan)]] · [[:oc:|Occitan]] · [[:os:|Ирон (Ossetic)]] · [[:pam:|Pampangan (Kapampangan)]] · [[:nds:|Plattdüütsch (Low Saxon)]] · [[:sco:|Scots]] · [[:scn:|Sicilianu (Sicilian)]] · [[:simple:|Simple English (සරල ඉංග්‍රීසි)]] · [[:sq:|Shqip (Albanian)]] · [[:ceb:|Sinugboanon (Cebuano)]] · [[:sh:|Srpskohrvatski/Српскохрватски (Serbo–Croatian)]] · [[:ta:| தமிழ் (දමිළ)]] · [[:tl:|ටැගලොග්]] · [[:tt:|Tatarça (Tatar)]] · [[:te:|తెలుగు (Telugu)]] · [[:vi:|Tiếng Việt (Vietnamese)]] · [[:wa:|Walon (Walloon)]] · [[:war:|Winaray (Waray-Waray)]] · [[:yi:|ייִדיש (Yiddish)]] '''[[m:List of Wikipedias|Complete list]]''' · '''[[Wikipedia:Multilingual coordination|Multilingual coordination]]''' · '''[[m:How to start a new Wikipedia|Start a Wikipedia in another language]]''' </div></div> 5743 2006-07-01T01:12:30Z Ruwan 82 Template:WikipediaLang <div id="lang"> මෙය 2005 වසරේ ඇරඹි විකිපීඩියා [[සිංහල]] භාෂා සංස්කරණයයි. මෙහි දැනට පිටු [[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] ක් ඇත. විකිපීඩියා, තවත් බොහෝ [[Wikipedia#Language_editions|භාෂා]] වලින් ලියවී ඇත: <div style="font-size:95%"><div id="lang-100000"> *ලිපි 100,000 ඉක්මවූ: [[:de:|Deutsch (German)]] · [[:es:|Español (ස්පාඤ්ඤ)]] · [[:fr:|Français (ප්‍රංශ)]] · [[:it:|Italiano (ඉතාලි)]] · [[:ja:|日本語 (ජපන්)]] · [[:nl:|Nederlands (Dutch)]] · [[:pl:|Polski (Polish)]] · [[:pt:| Português (Portuguese)]] · [[:sv:|Svenska (Swedish)]] </div><div style="font-size:95%"><div id="lang-10000"> *ලිපි 10,000 ඉක්මවූ: [[:ar:|العربية (අරාබි)]] · [[:bg:|Български (Bulgarian)]] · [[:ca:|Català (Catalan)]] · [[:cs:|Česky (Czech)]] · [[:da:|Dansk (Danish)]] · [[:el:|Ελληνικά (ග්‍රීක)]] · [[:et:|Eesti (Estonian)]] · [[:eo:|Esperanto]] · [[:fa:|فارسی (Persian)]] · [[:gl:|Galego (Galician)]] · [[:he:|עברית (හිබ්‍රූ)]] · [[:hr:|Hrvatski (Croatian)]] · [[:io:|Ido]] · [[:id:|Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian)]] · [[:is:|Íslenska (Icelandic)]] · [[:ko:|한국어 (Korean)]] · [[:lt:|Lietuvių (Lithuanian)]] · [[:hu:|Magyar (Hungarian)]] · [[:ms:|Bahasa Melayu (Malay)]] · [[:no:|Norsk bokmål (Norwegian)]] · [[:nn:|Norsk nynorsk (Norwegian)]] · [[:ro:|Română (Romanian)]] · [[:ru:|Русский (රුසියන්)]] · [[:sk:|Slovenčina (Slovak)]] · [[:sl:|Slovenščina (Slovenian)]] · [[:sr:|Српски (Serbian)]] · [[:fi:|Suomi (Finnish)]] · [[:th:|ภาษาไทย (තායි)]] · [[:tr:|Türkçe (Turkish)]] · [[:uk:|Українська (Ukrainian)]] · [[:zh:|中文 (චීන)]] </div><div style="font-size:95%"><div id="lang-1000"> *ලිපි 1,000 ඉක්මවූ: [[:als:|Alemannisch (Alemannic)]] · [[:af:|Afrikaans]] · [[:an:|Aragonés (Aragonese)]] · [[:ast:|Asturianu (Asturian)]] · [[:az:|Azərbaycan (Azerbaijani)]] · [[:zh-min-nan:|Bân-lâm-gú (Min Nan)]] · [[:be:|Беларуская (Belarusian)]] · [[:bn:|বাংলা (Bengali)]] · [[:bs:|Bosanski (Bosnian)]] · [[:br:|Brezhoneg (Breton)]] · [[:cv:|Чăваш чěлхи (Chuvash)]] · [[:co:|Corsu (Corsican)]] · [[:cy:|Cymraeg (Welsh)]] · [[:eu:|Euskara (Basque)]] · [[:fo:|Føroyskt (Faroese)]] · [[:fy:|Frysk (Western Frisian)]] · [[:ga:|Gaeilge (Irish)]] · [[:gd:|Gàidhlig (Scots Gaelic)]] · [[:hi:|हिन्दी (හින්දි)]] · [[:ilo:|Ilokano]] · [[:ia:|Interlingua]] · [[:jv:|Basa Jawa (Javanese)]] · [[:ka:|ქართული (Georgian)]] · [[:kn:|ಕನ್ನಡ (Kannada)]] · [[:kw:|Kernewek (Cornish)]] · [[:ht:|Kreyòl Ayisyen (Haitian Creole)]] · [[:ku:|Kurdî / كوردی (Kurdish)]] · [[:la:|Latina (ලතින්)]] · [[:lv:|Latviešu (Latvian)]] · [[:lb:|Lëtzebuergesch (Luxembourgish)]] · [[:li:|Limburgs (Limburgish)]] · [[:mk:|Македонски (Macedonian)]] · [[:mr:|मराठी (Marathi)]] · [[:nap:|Napulitana (Neapolitan)]] · [[:oc:|Occitan]] · [[:os:|Ирон (Ossetic)]] · [[:pam:|Pampangan (Kapampangan)]] · [[:nds:|Plattdüütsch (Low Saxon)]] · [[:sco:|Scots]] · [[:scn:|Sicilianu (Sicilian)]] · [[:simple:|Simple English (සරල ඉංග්‍රීසි)]] · [[:sq:|Shqip (Albanian)]] · [[:ceb:|Sinugboanon (Cebuano)]] · [[:sh:|Srpskohrvatski/Српскохрватски (Serbo–Croatian)]] · [[:ta:| தமிழ் (දමිළ)]] · [[:tl:|Tagalog (ටැගලොග්)]] · [[:tt:|Tatarça (Tatar)]] · [[:te:|తెలుగు (Telugu)]] · [[:vi:|Tiếng Việt (Vietnamese)]] · [[:wa:|Walon (Walloon)]] · [[:war:|Winaray (Waray-Waray)]] · [[:yi:|ייִדיש (Yiddish)]] '''[[m:List of Wikipedias|Complete list]]''' · '''[[Wikipedia:Multilingual coordination|Multilingual coordination]]''' · '''[[m:How to start a new Wikipedia|Start a Wikipedia in another language]]''' </div></div> User talk:Diagraph01 1917 5429 2006-05-25T17:07:31Z Diagraph01 31 * If you hasten, please write to my [[:ja:利用者‐会話:Diagraph01|ja.wp's discussion page]] in English or Japanese language :) ---- වැදි ජනයා 1918 5437 2006-05-30T11:01:29Z 220.247.249.60 ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි ජන වර්ගයකි.ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් සිංහල ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි විජය රජු හා කු‌වේනි නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යෙන් පැමිණ ඇත. 5438 2006-05-30T11:51:26Z 220.247.249.60 ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි ජන වර්ගයකි.ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් සිංහල ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි විජය රජු හා කු‌වේනි නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. 5439 2006-05-30T12:04:48Z 220.247.249.60 ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි ආදිවාසි ජන වර්ගයකි.ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් සිංහල ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි විජය රජු හා කු‌වේනි නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් ජීවහත්ථ සහ දිසාලා යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. == මූලාශ්‍රයන් == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. 5440 2006-05-30T12:10:10Z 220.247.249.60 ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි.ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් සිංහල ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. == මූලාශ්‍රයන් == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. 5441 2006-05-30T12:11:11Z 220.247.249.60 ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි.ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. == මූලාශ්‍රයන් == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. 5450 2006-05-31T10:50:50Z 220.247.248.70 ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි.ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]]හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇතියි සිතනු ලැ‌බේ. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-1,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරැ වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. 5451 2006-05-31T10:57:17Z 220.247.248.70 ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි.ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]]හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇතියි සිතනු ලැ‌බේ. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-1,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරැ වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ==External links== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] 5452 2006-05-31T10:58:55Z 220.247.248.70 ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි.ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]]හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇතියි සිතනු ලැ‌බේ. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-1,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරැ වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] 5454 2006-06-01T07:05:42Z Ravincaldera 100 ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි.ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] 5455 2006-06-01T07:28:04Z Ravincaldera 100 ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. ==සම්බවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරුගය, උනාපාත වරුගය, ඌරු වරුගය, ඇඹල වරුගය, නමුඩන වරුගය, සහ තලා වරුගය වශ‌යෙණි. ‌මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද ===පවුල් දිවිය=== ===වැදි බස=== ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]න් ‌වෙති. == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] 5456 2006-06-01T07:41:36Z Ravincaldera 100 /* වරුග ‌බෙදීම */ ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. ==සම්බවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. ===පවුල් දිවිය=== ===වැදි බස=== ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]න් ‌වෙති. == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] 5457 2006-06-01T07:43:54Z Ravincaldera 100 ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. ===පවුල් දිවිය=== ===වැදි බස=== ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]න් ‌වෙති. ===විශ්වාස=== ===අභිචාරවිධි=== == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] 5458 2006-06-01T12:16:27Z 203.143.1.6 ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. ===පවුල් දිවිය=== ===වැදි බස=== ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]න් ‌වෙති. ===විශ්වාස=== ===අභිචාරවිධි=== == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] 5464 2006-06-02T05:06:22Z 220.247.250.162 /* වරුග ‌බෙදීම */ ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===පවුල් දිවිය=== ===වැදි බස=== ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]න් ‌වෙති. ===විශ්වාස=== ===අභිචාරවිධි=== == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] 5465 2006-06-02T05:08:00Z 220.247.250.162 ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===පවුල් දිවිය=== ===වැදි බස=== ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]න් ‌වෙති. ===විශ්වාස=== ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] 5466 2006-06-02T05:09:51Z 220.247.250.162 /* ආගමික ලැදියාවන් */ ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===පවුල් දිවිය=== ===වැදි බස=== ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. ===විශ්වාස=== ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] 5467 2006-06-02T07:09:16Z Ravincaldera 100 ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරැවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ විජයාගමනයට ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්නසන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ් ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිනැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ 'වන්නියලෑත්තන්' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌තේ ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන් ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===පවුල් දිවිය=== ===වැදි බස=== ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. ===විශ්වාස=== ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] 5468 2006-06-02T07:09:52Z Ravincaldera 100 /* සම්භවය */ ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරැවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ විජයාගමනයට ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්නසන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ් ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිවැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ 'වන්නියලෑත්තන්' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌තේ ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන් ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===පවුල් දිවිය=== ===වැදි බස=== ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. ===විශ්වාස=== ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] 5469 2006-06-02T07:13:26Z Ravincaldera 100 /* සම්භවය */ ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරුවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ [[විජයාගමනයට]] ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්සන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌[[ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ්]] ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිවැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ 'වන්නියලෑත්තන්' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. [[සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌ත]]හි ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌[[හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන්]] ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===පවුල් දිවිය=== ===වැදි බස=== ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. ===විශ්වාස=== ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] 5470 2006-06-02T07:15:16Z Ravincaldera 100 /* වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය */ ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරුවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ [[විජයාගමනයට]] ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්සන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌[[ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ්]] ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිවැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ 'වන්නියලෑත්තන්' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. [[සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌ත]]හි ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌[[හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන්]] ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== වැදිසමාජය තුළ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන ධුරාවලියක් දක්නට නැති තරම් ය. ‌බො‌හෝ විට වැදි රැළක් වැදිනායකයකු යට‌තේ පාලනය විය. ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===පවුල් දිවිය=== ===වැදි බස=== ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. ===විශ්වාස=== ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] 5471 2006-06-02T07:20:04Z Ravincaldera 100 ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරුවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ [[විජයාගමනයට]] ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්සන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌[[ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ්]] ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිවැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ '[[වන්නියලෑත්තන්]]' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. [[සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌ත]]හි ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌[[හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන්]] ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== වැදිසමාජය තුළ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන ධුරාවලියක් දක්නට නැති තරම් ය. ‌බො‌හෝ විට වැදි රැළක් වැදිනායකයකු යට‌තේ පාලනය විය. ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===පවුල් දිවිය=== ===වැදි බස=== ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. ===විශ්වාස=== ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] [[si:වන්නියලෑත්තන්]] 5473 2006-06-02T07:22:05Z Ravincaldera 100 ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරුවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ [[විජයාගමනයට]] ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්සන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌[[ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ්]] ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිවැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ '[[වන්නියලෑත්තන්]]' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. [[සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌ත]]හි ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌[[හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන්]] ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== වැදිසමාජය තුළ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන ධුරාවලියක් දක්නට නැති තරම් ය. ‌බො‌හෝ විට වැදි රැළක් වැදිනායකයකු යට‌තේ පාලනය විය. ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===පවුල් දිවිය=== ===වැදි බස=== ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. ===විශ්වාස=== ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] 5476 2006-06-02T07:29:41Z Ravincaldera 100 ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. [[Image:http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bild:Ceylon_Native_Village.jpg]] ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරුවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ [[විජයාගමනයට]] ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්සන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌[[ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ්]] ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිවැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ '[[වන්නියලෑත්තන්]]' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. [[සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌ත]]හි ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌[[හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන්]] ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== වැදිසමාජය තුළ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන ධුරාවලියක් දක්නට නැති තරම් ය. ‌බො‌හෝ විට වැදි රැළක් වැදිනායකයකු යට‌තේ පාලනය විය. ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===පවුල් දිවිය=== ===වැදි බස=== ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. ===විශ්වාස=== ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] 5477 2006-06-02T07:30:16Z Ravincaldera 100 ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරුවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ [[විජයාගමනයට]] ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්සන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌[[ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ්]] ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිවැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ '[[වන්නියලෑත්තන්]]' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. [[සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌ත]]හි ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌[[හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන්]] ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== වැදිසමාජය තුළ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන ධුරාවලියක් දක්නට නැති තරම් ය. ‌බො‌හෝ විට වැදි රැළක් වැදිනායකයකු යට‌තේ පාලනය විය. ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===පවුල් දිවිය=== ===වැදි බස=== ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. ===විශ්වාස=== ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] 5478 2006-06-02T07:33:03Z Ravincaldera 100 ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරුවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ [[විජයාගමනයට]] ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්සන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌[[ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ්]] ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිවැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ '[[වන්නියලෑත්තන්]]' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. [[සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌ත]]හි ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌[[හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන්]] ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== වැදිසමාජය තුළ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන ධුරාවලියක් දක්නට නැති තරම් ය. ‌බො‌හෝ විට වැදි රැළක් වැදිනායකයකු යට‌තේ පාලනය විය. ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. [[Image:Example.jpg]] ===පවුල් දිවිය=== ===වැදි බස=== ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. ===විශ්වාස=== ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] 5479 2006-06-02T07:34:05Z Ravincaldera 100 ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරුවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ [[විජයාගමනයට]] ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්සන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌[[ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ්]] ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිවැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ '[[වන්නියලෑත්තන්]]' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. [[සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌ත]]හි ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌[[හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන්]] ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== වැදිසමාජය තුළ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන ධුරාවලියක් දක්නට නැති තරම් ය. ‌බො‌හෝ විට වැදි රැළක් වැදිනායකයකු යට‌තේ පාලනය විය. ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. [[Image:Ceylon_Native_Village]] ===පවුල් දිවිය=== ===වැදි බස=== ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. ===විශ්වාස=== ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] 5480 2006-06-02T07:37:43Z Ravincaldera 100 ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරුවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ [[විජයාගමනයට]] ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්සන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌[[ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ්]] ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිවැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ '[[වන්නියලෑත්තන්]]' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. [[සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌ත]]හි ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌[[හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන්]] ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== වැදිසමාජය තුළ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන ධුරාවලියක් දක්නට නැති තරම් ය. ‌බො‌හෝ විට වැදි රැළක් වැදිනායකයකු යට‌තේ පාලනය විය. ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. [[image:Ceylon Native Village.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Veddas auf Sri Lanka (Postkarte um 1910)]] ===පවුල් දිවිය=== ===වැදි බස=== ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. ===විශ්වාස=== ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] 5481 2006-06-02T07:39:26Z Ravincaldera 100 ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. [[image:Ceylon Native Village.jpg|thumb|right|350px|ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ වැදි පවුලක් (1910)]] ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරුවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ [[විජයාගමනයට]] ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්සන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌[[ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ්]] ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිවැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ '[[වන්නියලෑත්තන්]]' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. [[සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌ත]]හි ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌[[හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන්]] ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== වැදිසමාජය තුළ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන ධුරාවලියක් දක්නට නැති තරම් ය. ‌බො‌හෝ විට වැදි රැළක් වැදිනායකයකු යට‌තේ පාලනය විය. ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===පවුල් දිවිය=== ===වැදි බස=== ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. ===විශ්වාස=== ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] 5482 2006-06-02T07:42:25Z Ravincaldera 100 ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. [[image:Ceylon Native Village.jpg|thumb|right|350px|'''ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ වැදි පවුලක්''' (1910)]] ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරුවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ [[විජයාගමනයට]] ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්සන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌[[ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ්]] ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිවැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ '[[වන්නියලෑත්තන්]]' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. [[සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌ත]]හි ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌[[හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන්]] ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== වැදිසමාජය තුළ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන ධුරාවලියක් දක්නට නැති තරම් ය. ‌බො‌හෝ විට වැදි රැළක් වැදිනායකයකු යට‌තේ පාලනය විය. ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===පවුල් දිවිය=== ===වැදි බස=== ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. ===විශ්වාස=== ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] 5483 2006-06-02T07:43:34Z Ravincaldera 100 ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. [[image:Ceylon Native Village.jpg|thumb|right|350px| === ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ වැදි පවුලක් === (1910)]] ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරුවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ [[විජයාගමනයට]] ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්සන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌[[ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ්]] ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිවැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ '[[වන්නියලෑත්තන්]]' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. [[සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌ත]]හි ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌[[හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන්]] ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== වැදිසමාජය තුළ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන ධුරාවලියක් දක්නට නැති තරම් ය. ‌බො‌හෝ විට වැදි රැළක් වැදිනායකයකු යට‌තේ පාලනය විය. ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===පවුල් දිවිය=== ===වැදි බස=== ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. ===විශ්වාස=== ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] 5484 2006-06-02T07:44:12Z Ravincaldera 100 ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. [[image:Ceylon Native Village.jpg|thumb|right|350px| ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ වැදි පවුලක් (1910)]] ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරුවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ [[විජයාගමනයට]] ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්සන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌[[ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ්]] ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිවැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ '[[වන්නියලෑත්තන්]]' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. [[සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌ත]]හි ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌[[හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන්]] ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== වැදිසමාජය තුළ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන ධුරාවලියක් දක්නට නැති තරම් ය. ‌බො‌හෝ විට වැදි රැළක් වැදිනායකයකු යට‌තේ පාලනය විය. ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===පවුල් දිවිය=== ===වැදි බස=== ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. ===විශ්වාස=== ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] 5506 2006-06-04T08:28:05Z Lee 85 ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. [[image:Ceylon Native Village.jpg|thumb|right|350px| ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ වැදි පවුලක් (1910)]] ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරුවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ [[විජයාගමනයට]] ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්සන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌[[ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ්]] ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිවැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ '[[වන්නියලෑත්තන්]]' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. [[සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌ත]]හි ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌[[හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන්]] ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== වැදිසමාජය තුළ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන ධුරාවලියක් දක්නට නැති තරම් ය. ‌බො‌හෝ විට වැදි රැළක් වැදිනායකයකු යට‌තේ පාලනය විය. ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===පවුල් දිවිය=== ===වැදි බස=== ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. ===විශ්වාස=== ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ජන සමාජය]] [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] 5528 2006-06-08T09:19:06Z 220.247.248.18 ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. [[image:Ceylon Native Village.jpg|thumb|right|350px| ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ වැදි පවුලක් (1910)]] ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරුවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ [[විජයාගමනයට]] ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්සන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌[[ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ්]] ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිවැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ '[[වන්නියලෑත්තන්]]' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. [[සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌ත]]හි ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌[[හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන්]] ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== වැදිසමාජය තුළ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන ධුරාවලියක් දක්නට නැති තරම් ය. ‌බො‌හෝ විට වැදි රැළක් වැදිනායකයකු යට‌තේ පාලනය විය. ‌වෙනත් ආදිවාසි ජන ප්‍රජාවන්හි දක්නට ඇති ආකාර‌යේ, ‌ගෝත්‍ර අතර ‌වෛරයක් ‌හෝ ‌ගෝත්‍ර සටන් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. එක ම ප්‍ර‌දේශයක වරිග කිහිපයක වැදිජන ප්‍රජාවන් සමාදාන‌යෙන් ජීවත් වුව ද, ප්‍ර‌දේශයට ඇතුල්වීමේ දී විවිධ තහංචි ඔවුනොවුන් අතර විණ. ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===පවුල් දිවිය=== ===වැදි බස=== ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. ===විශ්වාස=== ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ජන සමාජය]] [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] 5529 2006-06-08T09:30:16Z 220.247.248.18 ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. [[image:Ceylon Native Village.jpg|thumb|right|350px| ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ වැදි පවුලක් (1910)]] ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරුවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ [[විජයාගමනයට]] ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්සන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌[[ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ්]] ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිවැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ '[[වන්නියලෑත්තන්]]' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. [[සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌ත]]හි ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌[[හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන්]] ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== වැදිසමාජය තුළ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන ධුරාවලියක් දක්නට නැති තරම් ය. ‌බො‌හෝ විට වැදි රැළක් වැදිනායකයකු යට‌තේ පාලනය විය. ආදිවාසි ජන ප්‍රජාවන්හි දක්නට ඇති ආකාර‌යේ, ‌ගෝත්‍ර අතර ‌වෛරයක් ‌හෝ ‌ගෝත්‍ර සටන් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. එක ම ප්‍ර‌දේශයක වරිග කිහිපයක වැදිජන ප්‍රජාවන් සමාදාන‌යෙන් ජීවත් වුව ද, ප්‍ර‌දේශයට ඇතුල්වීමේ දී විවිධ තහංචි ඔවුනොවුන් අතර විණ. සමහර වැදි වරිග‌යෝ ගඟක් ‌හෝ කැළැ ‌පෙ‌දෙසක් හරහා ‌වෙනත් ප්‍ර‌දේශයන් වලට සංක්‍රමණය වූ හ. ‌මෙ‌සේ ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යෙන් ප්‍ර‌දේශයට වැදි ප්‍රජාවන්‌ගේ ව්‍යාප්තවීම සිඳු වි ය. ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===පවුල් දිවිය=== ===වැදි බස=== ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. ===විශ්වාස=== ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ජන සමාජය]] [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] 5534 2006-06-08T09:59:57Z Ravincaldera 100 ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. [[image:Ceylon Native Village.jpg|thumb|right|350px| ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ වැදි පවුලක් (1910)]] ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරුවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ [[විජයාගමනයට]] ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්සන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌[[ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ්]] ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිවැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ '[[වන්නියලෑත්තන්]]' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. [[සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌ත]]හි ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌[[හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන්]] ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== වැදිසමාජය තුළ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන ධුරාවලියක් දක්නට නැති තරම් ය. ‌බො‌හෝ විට වැදි රැළක් වැදිනායකයකු යට‌තේ පාලනය විය. ආදිවාසි ජන ප්‍රජාවන්හි දක්නට ඇති ආකාර‌යේ, ‌ගෝත්‍ර අතර ‌වෛරයක් ‌හෝ ‌ගෝත්‍ර සටන් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. එක ම ප්‍ර‌දේශයක වරිග කිහිපයක වැදිජන ප්‍රජාවන් සමාදාන‌යෙන් ජීවත් වුව ද, ප්‍ර‌දේශයට ඇතුල්වීමේ දී විවිධ තහංචි ඔවුනොවුන් අතර විණ. සමහර වැදි වරිග‌යෝ ගඟක් ‌හෝ කැළැ ‌පෙ‌දෙසක් හරහා ‌වෙනත් ප්‍ර‌දේශයන් වලට සංක්‍රමණය වූ හ. ‌මෙ‌සේ ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යෙන් ප්‍ර‌දේශයට වැදි ප්‍රජාවන්‌ගේ ව්‍යාප්තවීම සිඳු වි ය. ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===පවුල් දිවිය=== වැදි ජනයා අතර ඥාතීත්වය සහ ඔවුන්ට ආමන්ත්‍රණය සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජාව ‌මෙන් ‌‌වෙයි. අප්පිලැත්‌තෝ (පියා), අම්මිලැත්‌තෝ (මව), ආදි වශ‌යෙන් 'ලැත්‌තෝ' යන පාඨය ඥාතිතවයට පසුව ‌යෙදී‌මෙන් ඔවුහු ආමන්ත්‍රණය තනා ගනිති. බිරිදට ‌බො‌හෝ විට, 'නංගිලැත්‌තෝ' යන ‌යෙඳුම ‌යොදනු‌යේ, වැදිජනප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ඇති බෑණා සහ නැනා (ඇවැස්ස හුරා-නෑනා) විවාහයන් නිසා‌වෙන් ය. සිංහල සමාජ‌යේ ‌මෙන් ම, විවාහ සහ ලිංගික සම්බන්ධතා සම්බන්ධ‌යෙන් විවිධ වූ තහංචි පැන වී තිබිණි. නිදසුනක් ‌ලෙස, මාමා සහ නෑනැ අතර, බෑණා සහ නැන්දා අතර ‌මෙන් ම, මවු-පිය පාර්ෂව‌යේ ස‌හෝදරයන් ‌හෝ වියපත් ස‌හෝදර ස‌හෝදරියන් අතරත් විවාහයන් තහනම් විණ. එ‌හෙත් මරණයක දී, මළ ස‌හෝදරිය ‌හෝ ස‌හෝදරයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් සැමියා ‌හෝ බිරිය එකී පවු‌ලේ තව ස‌හෝදරියක් ‌හෝ ස‌හොදරයෙක් විවාහ කර ගැනීම සිඳු විම නිසා, නැවතත් දරුවන් හට ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබිණ. ===වැදි බස=== ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. ===විශ්වාස=== ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ජන සමාජය]] [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] 5535 2006-06-08T10:03:43Z Ravincaldera 100 /* පවුල් දිවිය */ ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. [[image:Ceylon Native Village.jpg|thumb|right|350px| ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ වැදි පවුලක් (1910)]] ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරුවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ [[විජයාගමනයට]] ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්සන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌[[ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ්]] ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිවැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ '[[වන්නියලෑත්තන්]]' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. [[සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌ත]]හි ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌[[හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන්]] ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== වැදිසමාජය තුළ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන ධුරාවලියක් දක්නට නැති තරම් ය. ‌බො‌හෝ විට වැදි රැළක් වැදිනායකයකු යට‌තේ පාලනය විය. ආදිවාසි ජන ප්‍රජාවන්හි දක්නට ඇති ආකාර‌යේ, ‌ගෝත්‍ර අතර ‌වෛරයක් ‌හෝ ‌ගෝත්‍ර සටන් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. එක ම ප්‍ර‌දේශයක වරිග කිහිපයක වැදිජන ප්‍රජාවන් සමාදාන‌යෙන් ජීවත් වුව ද, ප්‍ර‌දේශයට ඇතුල්වීමේ දී විවිධ තහංචි ඔවුනොවුන් අතර විණ. සමහර වැදි වරිග‌යෝ ගඟක් ‌හෝ කැළැ ‌පෙ‌දෙසක් හරහා ‌වෙනත් ප්‍ර‌දේශයන් වලට සංක්‍රමණය වූ හ. ‌මෙ‌සේ ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යෙන් ප්‍ර‌දේශයට වැදි ප්‍රජාවන්‌ගේ ව්‍යාප්තවීම සිඳු වි ය. ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===පවුල් දිවිය=== වැදි ජනයා අතර [[ඥාතීත්වය]] සහ ඔවුන්ට ආමන්ත්‍රණය සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජාව ‌මෙන් ‌‌වෙයි. අප්පිලැත්‌තෝ (පියා), අම්මිලැත්‌තෝ (මව), ආදි වශ‌යෙන් 'ලැත්‌තෝ' යන පාඨය ඥාතිතවයට පසුව ‌යෙදී‌මෙන් ඔවුහු ආමන්ත්‍රණය තනා ගනිති. බිරිදට ‌බො‌හෝ විට, 'නංගිලැත්‌තෝ' යන ‌යෙඳුම ‌යොදනු‌යේ, වැදිජනප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ඇති බෑණා සහ නැනා (ඇවැස්ස හුරා-නෑනා) විවාහයන් නිසා‌වෙන් ය. සිංහල සමාජ‌යේ ‌මෙන් ම, විවාහ සහ ලිංගික සම්බන්ධතා සම්බන්ධ‌යෙන් විවිධ වූ තහංචි පැන වී තිබිණි. නිදසුනක් ‌ලෙස, මාමා සහ නෑනැ අතර, බෑණා සහ නැන්දා අතර ‌මෙන් ම, මවු-පිය පාර්ෂව‌යේ ස‌හෝදරයන් ‌හෝ වියපත් ස‌හෝදර ස‌හෝදරියන් අතරත් විවාහයන් තහනම් විණ. එ‌හෙත් මරණයක දී, මළ ස‌හෝදරිය ‌හෝ ස‌හෝදරයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් සැමියා ‌හෝ බිරිය එකී පවු‌ලේ තව ස‌හෝදරියක් ‌හෝ ස‌හොදරයෙක් විවාහ කර ගැනීම සිඳු විම නිසා, නැවතත් දරුවන් හට ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබිණ. ====නායකයන්==== ====විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන්==== ====පවුල් සම්බන්ධතා==== ===වැදි බස=== ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. ===විශ්වාස=== ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ජන සමාජය]] [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] 5536 2006-06-08T10:05:56Z Ravincaldera 100 /* පවුල් දිවිය */ ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. [[image:Ceylon Native Village.jpg|thumb|right|350px| ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ වැදි පවුලක් (1910)]] ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරුවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ [[විජයාගමනයට]] ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්සන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌[[ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ්]] ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිවැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ '[[වන්නියලෑත්තන්]]' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. [[සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌ත]]හි ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌[[හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන්]] ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== වැදිසමාජය තුළ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන ධුරාවලියක් දක්නට නැති තරම් ය. ‌බො‌හෝ විට වැදි රැළක් වැදිනායකයකු යට‌තේ පාලනය විය. ආදිවාසි ජන ප්‍රජාවන්හි දක්නට ඇති ආකාර‌යේ, ‌ගෝත්‍ර අතර ‌වෛරයක් ‌හෝ ‌ගෝත්‍ර සටන් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. එක ම ප්‍ර‌දේශයක වරිග කිහිපයක වැදිජන ප්‍රජාවන් සමාදාන‌යෙන් ජීවත් වුව ද, ප්‍ර‌දේශයට ඇතුල්වීමේ දී විවිධ තහංචි ඔවුනොවුන් අතර විණ. සමහර වැදි වරිග‌යෝ ගඟක් ‌හෝ කැළැ ‌පෙ‌දෙසක් හරහා ‌වෙනත් ප්‍ර‌දේශයන් වලට සංක්‍රමණය වූ හ. ‌මෙ‌සේ ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යෙන් ප්‍ර‌දේශයට වැදි ප්‍රජාවන්‌ගේ ව්‍යාප්තවීම සිඳු වි ය. ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===පවුල් දිවිය=== වැදි ජනයා අතර [[ඥාතීත්වය]] සහ ඔවුන්ට ආමන්ත්‍රණය සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජාව ‌මෙන් ‌‌වෙයි. අප්පිලැත්‌තෝ (පියා), අම්මිලැත්‌තෝ (මව), ආදි වශ‌යෙන් 'ලැත්‌තෝ' යන පාඨය ඥාතිතවයට පසුව ‌යෙදී‌මෙන් ඔවුහු ආමන්ත්‍රණය තනා ගනිති. බිරිදට ‌බො‌හෝ විට, 'නංගිලැත්‌තෝ' යන ‌යෙඳුම ‌යොදනු‌යේ, වැදිජනප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ඇති බෑණා සහ නැනා (ඇවැස්ස හුරා-නෑනා) විවාහයන් නිසා‌වෙන් ය. සිංහල සමාජ‌යේ ‌මෙන් ම, විවාහ සහ ලිංගික සම්බන්ධතා සම්බන්ධ‌යෙන් විවිධ වූ තහංචි පැන වී තිබිණි. නිදසුනක් ‌ලෙස, මාමා සහ නෑනැ අතර, බෑණා සහ නැන්දා අතර ‌මෙන් ම, මවු-පිය පාර්ෂව‌යේ ස‌හෝදරයන් ‌හෝ වියපත් ස‌හෝදර ස‌හෝදරියන් අතරත් විවාහයන් තහනම් විණ. එ‌හෙත් මරණයක දී, මළ ස‌හෝදරිය ‌හෝ ස‌හෝදරයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් සැමියා ‌හෝ බිරිය එකී පවු‌ලේ තව ස‌හෝදරියක් ‌හෝ ස‌හොදරයෙක් විවාහ කර ගැනීම සිඳු විම නිසා, නැවතත් දරුවන් හට ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබිණ. '''නායකයන්''' '''විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන්''' '''පවුල් සම්බන්ධතා''' ===වැදි බස=== ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. ===විශ්වාස=== ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ජන සමාජය]] [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] 5537 2006-06-08T10:06:35Z Ravincaldera 100 /* පවුල් දිවිය */ ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. [[image:Ceylon Native Village.jpg|thumb|right|350px| ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ වැදි පවුලක් (1910)]] ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරුවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ [[විජයාගමනයට]] ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්සන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌[[ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ්]] ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිවැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ '[[වන්නියලෑත්තන්]]' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. [[සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌ත]]හි ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌[[හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන්]] ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== වැදිසමාජය තුළ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන ධුරාවලියක් දක්නට නැති තරම් ය. ‌බො‌හෝ විට වැදි රැළක් වැදිනායකයකු යට‌තේ පාලනය විය. ආදිවාසි ජන ප්‍රජාවන්හි දක්නට ඇති ආකාර‌යේ, ‌ගෝත්‍ර අතර ‌වෛරයක් ‌හෝ ‌ගෝත්‍ර සටන් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. එක ම ප්‍ර‌දේශයක වරිග කිහිපයක වැදිජන ප්‍රජාවන් සමාදාන‌යෙන් ජීවත් වුව ද, ප්‍ර‌දේශයට ඇතුල්වීමේ දී විවිධ තහංචි ඔවුනොවුන් අතර විණ. සමහර වැදි වරිග‌යෝ ගඟක් ‌හෝ කැළැ ‌පෙ‌දෙසක් හරහා ‌වෙනත් ප්‍ර‌දේශයන් වලට සංක්‍රමණය වූ හ. ‌මෙ‌සේ ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යෙන් ප්‍ර‌දේශයට වැදි ප්‍රජාවන්‌ගේ ව්‍යාප්තවීම සිඳු වි ය. ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===පවුල් දිවිය=== වැදි ජනයා අතර [[ඥාතීත්වය]] සහ ඔවුන්ට ආමන්ත්‍රණය සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජාව ‌මෙන් ‌‌වෙයි. අප්පිලැත්‌තෝ (පියා), අම්මිලැත්‌තෝ (මව), ආදි වශ‌යෙන් 'ලැත්‌තෝ' යන පාඨය ඥාතිතවයට පසුව ‌යෙදී‌මෙන් ඔවුහු ආමන්ත්‍රණය තනා ගනිති. බිරිදට ‌බො‌හෝ විට, 'නංගිලැත්‌තෝ' යන ‌යෙඳුම ‌යොදනු‌යේ, වැදිජනප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ඇති බෑණා සහ නැනා (ඇවැස්ස හුරා-නෑනා) විවාහයන් නිසා‌වෙන් ය. සිංහල සමාජ‌යේ ‌මෙන් ම, විවාහ සහ ලිංගික සම්බන්ධතා සම්බන්ධ‌යෙන් විවිධ වූ තහංචි පැන වී තිබිණි. නිදසුනක් ‌ලෙස, මාමා සහ නෑනැ අතර, බෑණා සහ නැන්දා අතර ‌මෙන් ම, මවු-පිය පාර්ෂව‌යේ ස‌හෝදරයන් ‌හෝ වියපත් ස‌හෝදර ස‌හෝදරියන් අතරත් විවාහයන් තහනම් විණ. එ‌හෙත් මරණයක දී, මළ ස‌හෝදරිය ‌හෝ ස‌හෝදරයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් සැමියා ‌හෝ බිරිය එකී පවු‌ලේ තව ස‌හෝදරියක් ‌හෝ ස‌හොදරයෙක් විවාහ කර ගැනීම සිඳු විම නිසා, නැවතත් දරුවන් හට ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබිණ. ''''නායකයන්'''' ''''විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන්'''' ''''පවුල් සම්බන්ධතා'''' ===වැදි බස=== ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. ===විශ්වාස=== ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ජන සමාජය]] [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] 5538 2006-06-08T10:07:07Z Ravincaldera 100 /* පවුල් දිවිය */ ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. [[image:Ceylon Native Village.jpg|thumb|right|350px| ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ වැදි පවුලක් (1910)]] ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරුවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ [[විජයාගමනයට]] ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්සන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌[[ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ්]] ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිවැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ '[[වන්නියලෑත්තන්]]' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. [[සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌ත]]හි ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌[[හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන්]] ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== වැදිසමාජය තුළ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන ධුරාවලියක් දක්නට නැති තරම් ය. ‌බො‌හෝ විට වැදි රැළක් වැදිනායකයකු යට‌තේ පාලනය විය. ආදිවාසි ජන ප්‍රජාවන්හි දක්නට ඇති ආකාර‌යේ, ‌ගෝත්‍ර අතර ‌වෛරයක් ‌හෝ ‌ගෝත්‍ර සටන් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. එක ම ප්‍ර‌දේශයක වරිග කිහිපයක වැදිජන ප්‍රජාවන් සමාදාන‌යෙන් ජීවත් වුව ද, ප්‍ර‌දේශයට ඇතුල්වීමේ දී විවිධ තහංචි ඔවුනොවුන් අතර විණ. සමහර වැදි වරිග‌යෝ ගඟක් ‌හෝ කැළැ ‌පෙ‌දෙසක් හරහා ‌වෙනත් ප්‍ර‌දේශයන් වලට සංක්‍රමණය වූ හ. ‌මෙ‌සේ ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යෙන් ප්‍ර‌දේශයට වැදි ප්‍රජාවන්‌ගේ ව්‍යාප්තවීම සිඳු වි ය. ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===පවුල් දිවිය=== වැදි ජනයා අතර [[ඥාතීත්වය]] සහ ඔවුන්ට ආමන්ත්‍රණය සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජාව ‌මෙන් ‌‌වෙයි. අප්පිලැත්‌තෝ (පියා), අම්මිලැත්‌තෝ (මව), ආදි වශ‌යෙන් 'ලැත්‌තෝ' යන පාඨය ඥාතිතවයට පසුව ‌යෙදී‌මෙන් ඔවුහු ආමන්ත්‍රණය තනා ගනිති. බිරිදට ‌බො‌හෝ විට, 'නංගිලැත්‌තෝ' යන ‌යෙඳුම ‌යොදනු‌යේ, වැදිජනප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ඇති බෑණා සහ නැනා (ඇවැස්ස හුරා-නෑනා) විවාහයන් නිසා‌වෙන් ය. සිංහල සමාජ‌යේ ‌මෙන් ම, විවාහ සහ ලිංගික සම්බන්ධතා සම්බන්ධ‌යෙන් විවිධ වූ තහංචි පැන වී තිබිණි. නිදසුනක් ‌ලෙස, මාමා සහ නෑනැ අතර, බෑණා සහ නැන්දා අතර ‌මෙන් ම, මවු-පිය පාර්ෂව‌යේ ස‌හෝදරයන් ‌හෝ වියපත් ස‌හෝදර ස‌හෝදරියන් අතරත් විවාහයන් තහනම් විණ. එ‌හෙත් මරණයක දී, මළ ස‌හෝදරිය ‌හෝ ස‌හෝදරයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් සැමියා ‌හෝ බිරිය එකී පවු‌ලේ තව ස‌හෝදරියක් ‌හෝ ස‌හොදරයෙක් විවාහ කර ගැනීම සිඳු විම නිසා, නැවතත් දරුවන් හට ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබිණ. '''''නායකයන්''''' '''''විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන්''''' '''''පවුල් සම්බන්ධතා''''' ===වැදි බස=== ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. ===විශ්වාස=== ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ජන සමාජය]] [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] 5539 2006-06-08T10:17:10Z Ravincaldera 100 /* පවුල් දිවිය */ ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. [[image:Ceylon Native Village.jpg|thumb|right|350px| ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ වැදි පවුලක් (1910)]] ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරුවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ [[විජයාගමනයට]] ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්සන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌[[ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ්]] ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිවැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ '[[වන්නියලෑත්තන්]]' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. [[සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌ත]]හි ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌[[හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන්]] ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== වැදිසමාජය තුළ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන ධුරාවලියක් දක්නට නැති තරම් ය. ‌බො‌හෝ විට වැදි රැළක් වැදිනායකයකු යට‌තේ පාලනය විය. ආදිවාසි ජන ප්‍රජාවන්හි දක්නට ඇති ආකාර‌යේ, ‌ගෝත්‍ර අතර ‌වෛරයක් ‌හෝ ‌ගෝත්‍ර සටන් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. එක ම ප්‍ර‌දේශයක වරිග කිහිපයක වැදිජන ප්‍රජාවන් සමාදාන‌යෙන් ජීවත් වුව ද, ප්‍ර‌දේශයට ඇතුල්වීමේ දී විවිධ තහංචි ඔවුනොවුන් අතර විණ. සමහර වැදි වරිග‌යෝ ගඟක් ‌හෝ කැළැ ‌පෙ‌දෙසක් හරහා ‌වෙනත් ප්‍ර‌දේශයන් වලට සංක්‍රමණය වූ හ. ‌මෙ‌සේ ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යෙන් ප්‍ර‌දේශයට වැදි ප්‍රජාවන්‌ගේ ව්‍යාප්තවීම සිඳු වි ය. ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===පවුල් දිවිය=== වැදි ජනයා අතර [[ඥාතීත්වය]] සහ ඔවුන්ට ආමන්ත්‍රණය සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජාව ‌මෙන් ‌‌වෙයි. අප්පිලැත්‌තෝ (පියා), අම්මිලැත්‌තෝ (මව), ආදි වශ‌යෙන් 'ලැත්‌තෝ' යන පාඨය ඥාතිතවයට පසුව ‌යෙදී‌මෙන් ඔවුහු ආමන්ත්‍රණය තනා ගනිති. බිරිදට ‌බො‌හෝ විට, 'නංගිලැත්‌තෝ' යන ‌යෙඳුම ‌යොදනු‌යේ, වැදිජනප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ඇති බෑණා සහ නැනා (ඇවැස්ස හුරා-නෑනා) විවාහයන් නිසා‌වෙන් ය. සිංහල සමාජ‌යේ ‌මෙන් ම, විවාහ සහ ලිංගික සම්බන්ධතා සම්බන්ධ‌යෙන් විවිධ වූ තහංචි පැන වී තිබිණි. නිදසුනක් ‌ලෙස, මාමා සහ නෑනැ අතර, බෑණා සහ නැන්දා අතර ‌මෙන් ම, මවු-පිය පාර්ෂව‌යේ ස‌හෝදරයන් ‌හෝ වියපත් ස‌හෝදර ස‌හෝදරියන් අතරත් විවාහයන් තහනම් විණ. එ‌හෙත් මරණයක දී, මළ ස‌හෝදරිය ‌හෝ ස‌හෝදරයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් සැමියා ‌හෝ බිරිය එකී පවු‌ලේ තව ස‌හෝදරියක් ‌හෝ ස‌හොදරයෙක් විවාහ කර ගැනීම සිඳු විම නිසා, නැවතත් දරුවන් හට ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබිණ. නායකයා වැදි‌ගෝත්‍රය සංවිධානය වන්නේ 'නායකයෙකු' වටා ය. එ‌හෙයින් විවිධ වූ වැදිජනප්‍රජාවන් සඳහා නායක‌යෝ සිටිය හ. එ‌හෙත් පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් වැදි ජනතාව‌ගේ ප්‍රාමාණාත්මක අඩුවීම නිසා සහ ආණ්ඩුව විසින් ඔවුන් වසන ප්‍ර‌දේශ පාලනය නායකයන්ගේ පැවැත්ම ක්‍රමයෙන් නැති ව ගි‌යේ ය. වැදි ප්‍රජා‌වේ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන නායක‌යෙක් ‌‌ලෙස මෑත යුග‌යේ සිටි‌යේ දඹා‌නේ මහාවන්නියලැත්‌‌තෝ ‌හෙවත් තිසාහාමිලැත්‌තෝ ය. විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන් පවුල් සම්බන්ධතා ===වැදි බස=== ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. ===විශ්වාස=== ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ජන සමාජය]] [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] 5540 2006-06-08T10:18:00Z Ravincaldera 100 /* පවුල් දිවිය */ ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. [[image:Ceylon Native Village.jpg|thumb|right|350px| ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ වැදි පවුලක් (1910)]] ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරුවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ [[විජයාගමනයට]] ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්සන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌[[ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ්]] ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිවැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ '[[වන්නියලෑත්තන්]]' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. [[සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌ත]]හි ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌[[හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන්]] ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== වැදිසමාජය තුළ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන ධුරාවලියක් දක්නට නැති තරම් ය. ‌බො‌හෝ විට වැදි රැළක් වැදිනායකයකු යට‌තේ පාලනය විය. ආදිවාසි ජන ප්‍රජාවන්හි දක්නට ඇති ආකාර‌යේ, ‌ගෝත්‍ර අතර ‌වෛරයක් ‌හෝ ‌ගෝත්‍ර සටන් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. එක ම ප්‍ර‌දේශයක වරිග කිහිපයක වැදිජන ප්‍රජාවන් සමාදාන‌යෙන් ජීවත් වුව ද, ප්‍ර‌දේශයට ඇතුල්වීමේ දී විවිධ තහංචි ඔවුනොවුන් අතර විණ. සමහර වැදි වරිග‌යෝ ගඟක් ‌හෝ කැළැ ‌පෙ‌දෙසක් හරහා ‌වෙනත් ප්‍ර‌දේශයන් වලට සංක්‍රමණය වූ හ. ‌මෙ‌සේ ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යෙන් ප්‍ර‌දේශයට වැදි ප්‍රජාවන්‌ගේ ව්‍යාප්තවීම සිඳු වි ය. ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===පවුල් දිවිය=== වැදි ජනයා අතර [[ඥාතීත්වය]] සහ ඔවුන්ට ආමන්ත්‍රණය සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජාව ‌මෙන් ‌‌වෙයි. අප්පිලැත්‌තෝ (පියා), අම්මිලැත්‌තෝ (මව), ආදි වශ‌යෙන් 'ලැත්‌තෝ' යන පාඨය ඥාතිතවයට පසුව ‌යෙදී‌මෙන් ඔවුහු ආමන්ත්‍රණය තනා ගනිති. බිරිදට ‌බො‌හෝ විට, 'නංගිලැත්‌තෝ' යන ‌යෙඳුම ‌යොදනු‌යේ, වැදිජනප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ඇති බෑණා සහ නැනා (ඇවැස්ස හුරා-නෑනා) විවාහයන් නිසා‌වෙන් ය. සිංහල සමාජ‌යේ ‌මෙන් ම, විවාහ සහ ලිංගික සම්බන්ධතා සම්බන්ධ‌යෙන් විවිධ වූ තහංචි පැන වී තිබිණි. නිදසුනක් ‌ලෙස, මාමා සහ නෑනැ අතර, බෑණා සහ නැන්දා අතර ‌මෙන් ම, මවු-පිය පාර්ෂව‌යේ ස‌හෝදරයන් ‌හෝ වියපත් ස‌හෝදර ස‌හෝදරියන් අතරත් විවාහයන් තහනම් විණ. එ‌හෙත් මරණයක දී, මළ ස‌හෝදරිය ‌හෝ ස‌හෝදරයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් සැමියා ‌හෝ බිරිය එකී පවු‌ලේ තව ස‌හෝදරියක් ‌හෝ ස‌හොදරයෙක් විවාහ කර ගැනීම සිඳු විම නිසා, නැවතත් දරුවන් හට ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබිණ. නායකයා ---- වැදි‌ගෝත්‍රය සංවිධානය වන්නේ 'නායකයෙකු' වටා ය. එ‌හෙයින් විවිධ වූ වැදිජනප්‍රජාවන් සඳහා නායක‌යෝ සිටිය හ. එ‌හෙත් පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් වැදි ජනතාව‌ගේ ප්‍රාමාණාත්මක අඩුවීම නිසා සහ ආණ්ඩුව විසින් ඔවුන් වසන ප්‍ර‌දේශ පාලනය නායකයන්ගේ පැවැත්ම ක්‍රමයෙන් නැති ව ගි‌යේ ය. වැදි ප්‍රජා‌වේ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන නායක‌යෙක් ‌‌ලෙස මෑත යුග‌යේ සිටි‌යේ දඹා‌නේ මහාවන්නියලැත්‌‌තෝ ‌හෙවත් තිසාහාමිලැත්‌තෝ ය. විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන් ---- පවුල් සම්බන්ධතා ---- ===වැදි බස=== ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. ===විශ්වාස=== ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ජන සමාජය]] [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] 5541 2006-06-08T10:19:07Z Ravincaldera 100 /* පවුල් දිවිය */ ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. [[image:Ceylon Native Village.jpg|thumb|right|350px| ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ වැදි පවුලක් (1910)]] ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරුවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ [[විජයාගමනයට]] ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්සන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌[[ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ්]] ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිවැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ '[[වන්නියලෑත්තන්]]' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. [[සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌ත]]හි ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌[[හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන්]] ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== වැදිසමාජය තුළ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන ධුරාවලියක් දක්නට නැති තරම් ය. ‌බො‌හෝ විට වැදි රැළක් වැදිනායකයකු යට‌තේ පාලනය විය. ආදිවාසි ජන ප්‍රජාවන්හි දක්නට ඇති ආකාර‌යේ, ‌ගෝත්‍ර අතර ‌වෛරයක් ‌හෝ ‌ගෝත්‍ර සටන් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. එක ම ප්‍ර‌දේශයක වරිග කිහිපයක වැදිජන ප්‍රජාවන් සමාදාන‌යෙන් ජීවත් වුව ද, ප්‍ර‌දේශයට ඇතුල්වීමේ දී විවිධ තහංචි ඔවුනොවුන් අතර විණ. සමහර වැදි වරිග‌යෝ ගඟක් ‌හෝ කැළැ ‌පෙ‌දෙසක් හරහා ‌වෙනත් ප්‍ර‌දේශයන් වලට සංක්‍රමණය වූ හ. ‌මෙ‌සේ ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යෙන් ප්‍ර‌දේශයට වැදි ප්‍රජාවන්‌ගේ ව්‍යාප්තවීම සිඳු වි ය. ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===පවුල් දිවිය=== වැදි ජනයා අතර [[ඥාතීත්වය]] සහ ඔවුන්ට ආමන්ත්‍රණය සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජාව ‌මෙන් ‌‌වෙයි. අප්පිලැත්‌තෝ (පියා), අම්මිලැත්‌තෝ (මව), ආදි වශ‌යෙන් 'ලැත්‌තෝ' යන පාඨය ඥාතිතවයට පසුව ‌යෙදී‌මෙන් ඔවුහු ආමන්ත්‍රණය තනා ගනිති. බිරිදට ‌බො‌හෝ විට, 'නංගිලැත්‌තෝ' යන ‌යෙඳුම ‌යොදනු‌යේ, වැදිජනප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ඇති බෑණා සහ නැනා (ඇවැස්ස හුරා-නෑනා) විවාහයන් නිසා‌වෙන් ය. සිංහල සමාජ‌යේ ‌මෙන් ම, විවාහ සහ ලිංගික සම්බන්ධතා සම්බන්ධ‌යෙන් විවිධ වූ තහංචි පැන වී තිබිණි. නිදසුනක් ‌ලෙස, මාමා සහ නෑනැ අතර, බෑණා සහ නැන්දා අතර ‌මෙන් ම, මවු-පිය පාර්ෂව‌යේ ස‌හෝදරයන් ‌හෝ වියපත් ස‌හෝදර ස‌හෝදරියන් අතරත් විවාහයන් තහනම් විණ. එ‌හෙත් මරණයක දී, මළ ස‌හෝදරිය ‌හෝ ස‌හෝදරයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් සැමියා ‌හෝ බිරිය එකී පවු‌ලේ තව ස‌හෝදරියක් ‌හෝ ස‌හොදරයෙක් විවාහ කර ගැනීම සිඳු විම නිසා, නැවතත් දරුවන් හට ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබිණ. නායකයා වැදි‌ගෝත්‍රය සංවිධානය වන්නේ 'නායකයෙකු' වටා ය. එ‌හෙයින් විවිධ වූ වැදිජනප්‍රජාවන් සඳහා නායක‌යෝ සිටිය හ. එ‌හෙත් පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් වැදි ජනතාව‌ගේ ප්‍රාමාණාත්මක අඩුවීම නිසා සහ ආණ්ඩුව විසින් ඔවුන් වසන ප්‍ර‌දේශ පාලනය නායකයන්ගේ පැවැත්ම ක්‍රමයෙන් නැති ව ගි‌යේ ය. වැදි ප්‍රජා‌වේ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන නායක‌යෙක් ‌‌ලෙස මෑත යුග‌යේ සිටි‌යේ දඹා‌නේ මහාවන්නියලැත්‌‌තෝ ‌හෙවත් තිසාහාමිලැත්‌තෝ ය. විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන් පවුල් සම්බන්ධතා ===වැදි බස=== ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. ===විශ්වාස=== ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ජන සමාජය]] [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] 5543 2006-06-08T10:56:08Z Ravincaldera 100 /* පවුල් දිවිය */ ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. [[image:Ceylon Native Village.jpg|thumb|right|350px| ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ වැදි පවුලක් (1910)]] ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරුවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ [[විජයාගමනයට]] ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්සන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌[[ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ්]] ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිවැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ '[[වන්නියලෑත්තන්]]' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. [[සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌ත]]හි ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌[[හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන්]] ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== වැදිසමාජය තුළ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන ධුරාවලියක් දක්නට නැති තරම් ය. ‌බො‌හෝ විට වැදි රැළක් වැදිනායකයකු යට‌තේ පාලනය විය. ආදිවාසි ජන ප්‍රජාවන්හි දක්නට ඇති ආකාර‌යේ, ‌ගෝත්‍ර අතර ‌වෛරයක් ‌හෝ ‌ගෝත්‍ර සටන් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. එක ම ප්‍ර‌දේශයක වරිග කිහිපයක වැදිජන ප්‍රජාවන් සමාදාන‌යෙන් ජීවත් වුව ද, ප්‍ර‌දේශයට ඇතුල්වීමේ දී විවිධ තහංචි ඔවුනොවුන් අතර විණ. සමහර වැදි වරිග‌යෝ ගඟක් ‌හෝ කැළැ ‌පෙ‌දෙසක් හරහා ‌වෙනත් ප්‍ර‌දේශයන් වලට සංක්‍රමණය වූ හ. ‌මෙ‌සේ ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යෙන් ප්‍ර‌දේශයට වැදි ප්‍රජාවන්‌ගේ ව්‍යාප්තවීම සිඳු වි ය. ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===පවුල් දිවිය=== වැදි ජනයා අතර [[ඥාතීත්වය]] සහ ඔවුන්ට ආමන්ත්‍රණය සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජාව ‌මෙන් ‌‌වෙයි. අප්පිලැත්‌තෝ (පියා), අම්මිලැත්‌තෝ (මව), ආදි වශ‌යෙන් 'ලැත්‌තෝ' යන පාඨය ඥාතිතවයට පසුව ‌යෙදී‌මෙන් ඔවුහු ආමන්ත්‍රණය තනා ගනිති. බිරිදට ‌බො‌හෝ විට, 'නංගිලැත්‌තෝ' යන ‌යෙඳුම ‌යොදනු‌යේ, වැදිජනප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ඇති බෑණා සහ නැනා (ඇවැස්ස හුරා-නෑනා) විවාහයන් නිසා‌වෙන් ය. සිංහල සමාජ‌යේ ‌මෙන් ම, විවාහ සහ ලිංගික සම්බන්ධතා සම්බන්ධ‌යෙන් විවිධ වූ තහංචි පැන වී තිබිණි. නිදසුනක් ‌ලෙස, මාමා සහ නෑනැ අතර, බෑණා සහ නැන්දා අතර ‌මෙන් ම, මවු-පිය පාර්ෂව‌යේ ස‌හෝදරයන් ‌හෝ වියපත් ස‌හෝදර ස‌හෝදරියන් අතරත් විවාහයන් තහනම් විණ. එ‌හෙත් මරණයක දී, මළ ස‌හෝදරිය ‌හෝ ස‌හෝදරයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් සැමියා ‌හෝ බිරිය එකී පවු‌ලේ තව ස‌හෝදරියක් ‌හෝ ස‌හොදරයෙක් විවාහ කර ගැනීම සිඳු විම නිසා, නැවතත් දරුවන් හට ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබිණ. #REDIRECT [[නායකයා]] වැදි‌ගෝත්‍රය සංවිධානය වන්නේ 'නායකයෙකු' වටා ය. එ‌හෙයින් විවිධ වූ වැදිජනප්‍රජාවන් සඳහා නායක‌යෝ සිටිය හ. එ‌හෙත් පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් වැදි ජනතාව‌ගේ ප්‍රාමාණාත්මක අඩුවීම නිසා සහ ආණ්ඩුව විසින් ඔවුන් වසන ප්‍ර‌දේශ පාලනය නායකයන්ගේ පැවැත්ම ක්‍රමයෙන් නැති ව ගි‌යේ ය. වැදි ප්‍රජා‌වේ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන නායක‌යෙක් ‌‌ලෙස මෑත යුග‌යේ සිටි‌යේ දඹා‌නේ මහාවන්නියලැත්‌‌තෝ ‌හෙවත් තිසාහාමිලැත්‌තෝ ය. විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන් පවුල් සම්බන්ධතා ===වැදි බස=== ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. ===විශ්වාස=== ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ජන සමාජය]] [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] 5544 2006-06-08T11:29:31Z Ravincaldera 100 /* පවුල් දිවිය */ ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. [[image:Ceylon Native Village.jpg|thumb|right|350px| ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ වැදි පවුලක් (1910)]] ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරුවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ [[විජයාගමනයට]] ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්සන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌[[ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ්]] ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිවැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ '[[වන්නියලෑත්තන්]]' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. [[සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌ත]]හි ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌[[හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන්]] ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== වැදිසමාජය තුළ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන ධුරාවලියක් දක්නට නැති තරම් ය. ‌බො‌හෝ විට වැදි රැළක් වැදිනායකයකු යට‌තේ පාලනය විය. ආදිවාසි ජන ප්‍රජාවන්හි දක්නට ඇති ආකාර‌යේ, ‌ගෝත්‍ර අතර ‌වෛරයක් ‌හෝ ‌ගෝත්‍ර සටන් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. එක ම ප්‍ර‌දේශයක වරිග කිහිපයක වැදිජන ප්‍රජාවන් සමාදාන‌යෙන් ජීවත් වුව ද, ප්‍ර‌දේශයට ඇතුල්වීමේ දී විවිධ තහංචි ඔවුනොවුන් අතර විණ. සමහර වැදි වරිග‌යෝ ගඟක් ‌හෝ කැළැ ‌පෙ‌දෙසක් හරහා ‌වෙනත් ප්‍ර‌දේශයන් වලට සංක්‍රමණය වූ හ. ‌මෙ‌සේ ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යෙන් ප්‍ර‌දේශයට වැදි ප්‍රජාවන්‌ගේ ව්‍යාප්තවීම සිඳු වි ය. ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===පවුල් දිවිය=== වැදි ජනයා අතර [[ඥාතීත්වය]] සහ ඔවුන්ට ආමන්ත්‍රණය සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජාව ‌මෙන් ‌‌වෙයි. අප්පිලැත්‌තෝ (පියා), අම්මිලැත්‌තෝ (මව), ආදි වශ‌යෙන් 'ලැත්‌තෝ' යන පාඨය ඥාතිතවයට පසුව ‌යෙදී‌මෙන් ඔවුහු ආමන්ත්‍රණය තනා ගනිති. බිරිද(කුඩ්‌පෙත්ත)ට ‌බො‌හෝ විට, 'නංගිලැත්‌තෝ' යන ‌යෙඳුම ‌යොදනු‌යේ, වැදිජනප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ඇති බෑණා සහ නැනා (ඇවැස්ස හුරා-නෑනා) විවාහයන් නිසා‌වෙන් ය. සිංහල සමාජ‌යේ ‌මෙන් ම, විවාහ සහ ලිංගික සම්බන්ධතා සම්බන්ධ‌යෙන් විවිධ වූ තහංචි පැන වී තිබිණි. නිදසුනක් ‌ලෙස, මාමා සහ නෑනැ අතර, බෑණා සහ නැන්දා අතර ‌මෙන් ම, මවු-පිය පාර්ෂව‌යේ ස‌හෝදරයන් ‌හෝ වියපත් ස‌හෝදර ස‌හෝදරියන් අතරත් විවාහයන් තහනම් විණ. එ‌හෙත් මරණයක දී, මළ ස‌හෝදරිය ‌හෝ ස‌හෝදරයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් සැමියා ‌හෝ බිරිය එකී පවු‌ලේ තව ස‌හෝදරියක් ‌හෝ ස‌හොදරයෙක් විවාහ කර ගැනීම සිඳු විම නිසා, නැවතත් දරුවන් හට ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබිණ. '''නායකයා''' වැදි‌ගෝත්‍රය සංවිධානය වන්නේ 'නායකයෙකු' වටා ය. එ‌හෙයින් විවිධ වූ වැදිජනප්‍රජාවන් සඳහා නායක‌යෝ සිටිය හ. එ‌හෙත් පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් වැදි ජනතාව‌ගේ ප්‍රාමාණාත්මක අඩුවීම නිසා සහ ආණ්ඩුව විසින් ඔවුන් වසන ප්‍ර‌දේශ පාලනය නායකයන්ගේ පැවැත්ම ක්‍රමයෙන් නැති ව ගි‌යේ ය. වැදි ප්‍රජා‌වේ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන නායක‌යෙක් ‌‌ලෙස මෑත යුග‌යේ සිටි‌යේ දඹා‌නේ මහාවන්නියලැත්‌‌තෝ ‌හෙවත් තිසාහාමිලැත්‌තෝ ය. '''දිවි‌පෙ‌වෙත''' මුල් කාල‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනප්‍රජාව ගල්‌ලෙන් ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ අතර, පසුව පැල්පත් ආශ්‍රීත ගම්මාන කරා සංක්‍රමණය වන්නට ඇත.ඒවා වැදි ‌කොරටු ‌ලෙසින් හැඳින් වූ අතර, වරින් වර, ආහාර ‌සොයා ගත හැකි පමණට කොරටු‌වෙන් ‌කොරටුවට වැදි ප්‍රජාව සංක්‍රමණය වී‌මේ සිරිතක් විය. පසුකාලීනව ඇති වූ ගම්වැද්‌දෝ ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් හේන් ‌ගොවිතැන ඇසුරු ‌‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුදු, ඔවුන්‌ගේ සාම්ප්‍රදායික දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙත සම්පුර්ණ‌යෙන් ම අත් ‌නොහැරිය හ. වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් දඩයම් කිරී‌මෙන් ජීවත් වූ අතර, ඔවුන්‌ගේ මුලීක ප්‍රවනතාවය වූ‌යේ ‌ගොනා දඩයම් කිරීම ය. ‌ගොනා ගිරි ආශ්‍රිත ව වාසය කළ නිසා වැද්දන් ද ගිරි‌ලෙන් ආශ්‍රිත දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙතකට හුරු වන්නට ඇති බව ‌බො‌හෝ විද්‍යාර්ථයින් විශ්වාස තරති. ‌මෙයට අමතර ව, ඔවුන් ඵල-අල ආහාරයට ගනිමින් ද, වන මී රැස්වන කාලයට මී කැඩි‌මෙන් ද දිවි ‌පෙ‌‌වෙත සරි කර ගත් හ. වැද්දන් ආහාර පුළුස්සා ගැනීම කරන අතර, අලවර්ග ‌‌බො‌හෝවිට උණු අළුපල්‌ලේ ලා තම්බා ගැනීම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. දඩයම් කිරීම හා ආහාර අනුභවය කණ්ඩායමක් වශ‌යෙන් එකට ම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. වැඩිපුර ඇති ආහාර ද්‍රව්‍ය හිඟ කාලයන් සඳහා කල් තබා ගැනීමට මස් වර්ග වියලීම (හෙවත් කරවල කිරීම), එල්ලා දුම්ගැස්ස වීම ‌හෝ මීපැනිවල බහා තැබීම වැනි ක්‍රියාවන් කළ හ. '''විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන්''' අඹු-සැමි දිවිය අගය කළ වැදි ජනයා අතර, සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ලැ‌බෙන බහුභාර්යා ‌සේවනය ‌හෝ බහු පුරුෂ ‌සේවනය තබා, පරදාර ‌සේවනය වත් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. විවාහ‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනයා ස්වකීය භාර්යාවන්ට මනා ‌සේ ඇළුම් කළ අතර, එකි‌නෙකාට විශ්වාසවන්ත ‌ලෙස ද ජීවත් විය. එ‌හෙයින් වි‌දේශිය මිශනාරිවරැන් විසින් ‌කෙවල විවහා කුමය ලංකාවට හඳුන්වා දීමට පෙර සිට ම, වැද්දන් අතර ‌කේවල විවාහ ක්‍රමය තිබූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌රේ ගැහැණිය හට මනා ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබුණු අතර, ඇය පවු‌ලේ පළමු ‌කොට, ආහාර‌යෙන් ‌කොටස භුක්ති වින්ද හ. ‌මෙයින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්නේ කාන්තාව වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌‌රේ ‌ගෞවරවයට පාත්‍ර වූ බවකි. පවුල් සම්බන්ධතා ===වැදි බස=== ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. ===විශ්වාස=== ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ජන සමාජය]] [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] 5545 2006-06-08T11:30:31Z Ravincaldera 100 /* පවුල් දිවිය */ ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. [[image:Ceylon Native Village.jpg|thumb|right|350px| ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ වැදි පවුලක් (1910)]] ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරුවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ [[විජයාගමනයට]] ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්සන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌[[ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ්]] ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිවැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ '[[වන්නියලෑත්තන්]]' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. [[සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌ත]]හි ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌[[හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන්]] ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== වැදිසමාජය තුළ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන ධුරාවලියක් දක්නට නැති තරම් ය. ‌බො‌හෝ විට වැදි රැළක් වැදිනායකයකු යට‌තේ පාලනය විය. ආදිවාසි ජන ප්‍රජාවන්හි දක්නට ඇති ආකාර‌යේ, ‌ගෝත්‍ර අතර ‌වෛරයක් ‌හෝ ‌ගෝත්‍ර සටන් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. එක ම ප්‍ර‌දේශයක වරිග කිහිපයක වැදිජන ප්‍රජාවන් සමාදාන‌යෙන් ජීවත් වුව ද, ප්‍ර‌දේශයට ඇතුල්වීමේ දී විවිධ තහංචි ඔවුනොවුන් අතර විණ. සමහර වැදි වරිග‌යෝ ගඟක් ‌හෝ කැළැ ‌පෙ‌දෙසක් හරහා ‌වෙනත් ප්‍ර‌දේශයන් වලට සංක්‍රමණය වූ හ. ‌මෙ‌සේ ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යෙන් ප්‍ර‌දේශයට වැදි ප්‍රජාවන්‌ගේ ව්‍යාප්තවීම සිඳු වි ය. ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===පවුල් දිවිය=== වැදි ජනයා අතර [[ඥාතීත්වය]] සහ ඔවුන්ට ආමන්ත්‍රණය සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජාව ‌මෙන් ‌‌වෙයි. අප්පිලැත්‌තෝ (පියා), අම්මිලැත්‌තෝ (මව), ආදි වශ‌යෙන් 'ලැත්‌තෝ' යන පාඨය ඥාතිතවයට පසුව ‌යෙදී‌මෙන් ඔවුහු ආමන්ත්‍රණය තනා ගනිති. බිරිද(කුඩ්‌පෙත්ත)ට ‌බො‌හෝ විට, 'නංගිලැත්‌තෝ' යන ‌යෙඳුම ‌යොදනු‌යේ, වැදිජනප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ඇති බෑණා සහ නැනා (ඇවැස්ස හුරා-නෑනා) විවාහයන් නිසා‌වෙන් ය. සිංහල සමාජ‌යේ ‌මෙන් ම, විවාහ සහ ලිංගික සම්බන්ධතා සම්බන්ධ‌යෙන් විවිධ වූ තහංචි පැන වී තිබිණි. නිදසුනක් ‌ලෙස, මාමා සහ නෑනැ අතර, බෑණා සහ නැන්දා අතර ‌මෙන් ම, මවු-පිය පාර්ෂව‌යේ ස‌හෝදරයන් ‌හෝ වියපත් ස‌හෝදර ස‌හෝදරියන් අතරත් විවාහයන් තහනම් විණ. එ‌හෙත් මරණයක දී, මළ ස‌හෝදරිය ‌හෝ ස‌හෝදරයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් සැමියා ‌හෝ බිරිය එකී පවු‌ලේ තව ස‌හෝදරියක් ‌හෝ ස‌හොදරයෙක් විවාහ කර ගැනීම සිඳු විම නිසා, නැවතත් දරුවන් හට ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබිණ. '''නායකයා''' වැදි‌ගෝත්‍රය සංවිධානය වන්නේ 'නායකයෙකු' වටා ය. එ‌හෙයින් විවිධ වූ වැදිජනප්‍රජාවන් සඳහා නායක‌යෝ සිටිය හ. එ‌හෙත් පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් වැදි ජනතාව‌ගේ ප්‍රාමාණාත්මක අඩුවීම නිසා සහ ආණ්ඩුව විසින් ඔවුන් වසන ප්‍ර‌දේශ පාලනය නායකයන්ගේ පැවැත්ම ක්‍රමයෙන් නැති ව ගි‌යේ ය. වැදි ප්‍රජා‌වේ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන නායක‌යෙක් ‌‌ලෙස මෑත යුග‌යේ සිටි‌යේ දඹා‌නේ මහාවන්නියලැත්‌‌තෝ ‌හෙවත් තිසාහාමිලැත්‌තෝ ය. '''දිවි‌පෙ‌වෙත''' මුල් කාල‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනප්‍රජාව ගල්‌ලෙන් ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ අතර, පසුව පැල්පත් ආශ්‍රීත ගම්මාන කරා සංක්‍රමණය වන්නට ඇත.ඒවා වැදි ‌කොරටු ‌ලෙසින් හැඳින් වූ අතර, වරින් වර, ආහාර ‌සොයා ගත හැකි පමණට කොරටු‌වෙන් ‌කොරටුවට වැදි ප්‍රජාව සංක්‍රමණය වී‌මේ සිරිතක් විය. පසුකාලීනව ඇති වූ ගම්වැද්‌දෝ ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් හේන් ‌ගොවිතැන ඇසුරු ‌‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුදු, ඔවුන්‌ගේ සාම්ප්‍රදායික දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙත සම්පුර්ණ‌යෙන් ම අත් ‌නොහැරිය හ. වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් දඩයම් කිරී‌මෙන් ජීවත් වූ අතර, ඔවුන්‌ගේ මුලීක ප්‍රවනතාවය වූ‌යේ ‌ගොනා දඩයම් කිරීම ය. ‌ගොනා ගිරි ආශ්‍රිත ව වාසය කළ නිසා වැද්දන් ද ගිරි‌ලෙන් ආශ්‍රිත දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙතකට හුරු වන්නට ඇති බව ‌බො‌හෝ විද්‍යාර්ථයින් විශ්වාස තරති. ‌මෙයට අමතර ව, ඔවුන් ඵල-අල ආහාරයට ගනිමින් ද, වන මී රැස්වන කාලයට මී කැඩි‌මෙන් ද දිවි ‌පෙ‌‌වෙත සරි කර ගත් හ. වැද්දන් ආහාර පුළුස්සා ගැනීම කරන අතර, අලවර්ග ‌‌බො‌හෝවිට උණු අළුපල්‌ලේ ලා තම්බා ගැනීම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. දඩයම් කිරීම හා ආහාර අනුභවය කණ්ඩායමක් වශ‌යෙන් එකට ම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. වැඩිපුර ඇති ආහාර ද්‍රව්‍ය හිඟ කාලයන් සඳහා කල් තබා ගැනීමට මස් වර්ග වියලීම (හෙවත් කරවල කිරීම), එල්ලා දුම්ගැස්ස වීම ‌හෝ මීපැනිවල බහා තැබීම වැනි ක්‍රියාවන් කළ හ. '''විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන්''' අඹු-සැමි දිවිය අගය කළ වැදි ජනයා අතර, සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ලැ‌බෙන බහුභාර්යා ‌සේවනය ‌හෝ බහු පුරුෂ ‌සේවනය තබා, පරදාර ‌සේවනය වත් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. විවාහ‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනයා ස්වකීය භාර්යාවන්ට මනා ‌සේ ඇළුම් කළ අතර, එකි‌නෙකාට විශ්වාසවන්ත ‌ලෙස ද ජීවත් විය. එ‌හෙයින් වි‌දේශිය මිශනාරිවරැන් විසින් ‌කෙවල විවහා කුමය ලංකාවට හඳුන්වා දීමට පෙර සිට ම, වැද්දන් අතර ‌කේවල විවාහ ක්‍රමය තිබූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌රේ ගැහැණිය හට මනා ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබුණු අතර, ඇය පවු‌ලේ පළමු ‌කොට, ආහාර‌යෙන් ‌කොටස භුක්ති වින්ද හ. ‌මෙයින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්නේ කාන්තාව වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌‌රේ ‌ගෞවරවයට පාත්‍ර වූ බවකි. පවුල් සම්බන්ධතා ===වැදි බස=== ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. ===විශ්වාස=== ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ජන සමාජය]] [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] 5546 2006-06-08T13:11:28Z Ravincaldera 100 /* පවුල් දිවිය */ ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. [[image:Ceylon Native Village.jpg|thumb|right|350px| ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ වැදි පවුලක් (1910)]] ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරුවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ [[විජයාගමනයට]] ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්සන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌[[ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ්]] ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිවැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ '[[වන්නියලෑත්තන්]]' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. [[සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌ත]]හි ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌[[හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන්]] ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== වැදිසමාජය තුළ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන ධුරාවලියක් දක්නට නැති තරම් ය. ‌බො‌හෝ විට වැදි රැළක් වැදිනායකයකු යට‌තේ පාලනය විය. ආදිවාසි ජන ප්‍රජාවන්හි දක්නට ඇති ආකාර‌යේ, ‌ගෝත්‍ර අතර ‌වෛරයක් ‌හෝ ‌ගෝත්‍ර සටන් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. එක ම ප්‍ර‌දේශයක වරිග කිහිපයක වැදිජන ප්‍රජාවන් සමාදාන‌යෙන් ජීවත් වුව ද, ප්‍ර‌දේශයට ඇතුල්වීමේ දී විවිධ තහංචි ඔවුනොවුන් අතර විණ. සමහර වැදි වරිග‌යෝ ගඟක් ‌හෝ කැළැ ‌පෙ‌දෙසක් හරහා ‌වෙනත් ප්‍ර‌දේශයන් වලට සංක්‍රමණය වූ හ. ‌මෙ‌සේ ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යෙන් ප්‍ර‌දේශයට වැදි ප්‍රජාවන්‌ගේ ව්‍යාප්තවීම සිඳු වි ය. ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===පවුල් දිවිය=== වැදි ජනයා අතර [[ඥාතීත්වය]] සහ ඔවුන්ට ආමන්ත්‍රණය සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජාව ‌මෙන් ‌‌වෙයි. අප්පිලැත්‌තෝ (පියා), අම්මිලැත්‌තෝ (මව), ආදි වශ‌යෙන් 'ලැත්‌තෝ' යන පාඨය ඥාතිතවයට පසුව ‌යෙදී‌මෙන් ඔවුහු ආමන්ත්‍රණය තනා ගනිති. බිරිද(කුඩ්‌පෙත්ත)ට ‌බො‌හෝ විට, 'නංගිලැත්‌තෝ' යන ‌යෙඳුම ‌යොදනු‌යේ, වැදිජනප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ඇති බෑණා සහ නැනා (ඇවැස්ස හුරා-නෑනා) විවාහයන් නිසා‌වෙන් ය. සිංහල සමාජ‌යේ ‌මෙන් ම, විවාහ සහ ලිංගික සම්බන්ධතා සම්බන්ධ‌යෙන් විවිධ වූ තහංචි පැන වී තිබිණි. නිදසුනක් ‌ලෙස, මාමා සහ නෑනැ අතර, බෑණා සහ නැන්දා අතර ‌මෙන් ම, මවු-පිය පාර්ෂව‌යේ ස‌හෝදරයන් ‌හෝ වියපත් ස‌හෝදර ස‌හෝදරියන් අතරත් විවාහයන් තහනම් විණ. එ‌හෙත් මරණයක දී, මළ ස‌හෝදරිය ‌හෝ ස‌හෝදරයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් සැමියා ‌හෝ බිරිය එකී පවු‌ලේ තව ස‌හෝදරියක් ‌හෝ ස‌හොදරයෙක් විවාහ කර ගැනීම සිඳු විම නිසා, නැවතත් දරුවන් හට ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබිණ. '''නායකයා''' වැදි‌ගෝත්‍රය සංවිධානය වන්නේ 'නායකයෙකු' වටා ය. එ‌හෙයින් විවිධ වූ වැදිජනප්‍රජාවන් සඳහා නායක‌යෝ සිටිය හ. එ‌හෙත් පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් වැදි ජනතාව‌ගේ ප්‍රාමාණාත්මක අඩුවීම නිසා සහ ආණ්ඩුව විසින් ඔවුන් වසන ප්‍ර‌දේශ පාලනය නායකයන්ගේ පැවැත්ම ක්‍රමයෙන් නැති ව ගි‌යේ ය. වැදි ප්‍රජා‌වේ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන නායක‌යෙක් ‌‌ලෙස මෑත යුග‌යේ සිටි‌යේ දඹා‌නේ මහාවන්නියලැත්‌‌තෝ ‌හෙවත් තිසාහාමිලැත්‌තෝ ය. '''දිවි‌පෙ‌වෙත''' මුල් කාල‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනප්‍රජාව ගල්‌ලෙන් ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ අතර, පසුව පැල්පත් ආශ්‍රීත ගම්මාන කරා සංක්‍රමණය වන්නට ඇත.ඒවා වැදි ‌කොරටු ‌ලෙසින් හැඳින් වූ අතර, වරින් වර, ආහාර ‌සොයා ගත හැකි පමණට කොරටු‌වෙන් ‌කොරටුවට වැදි ප්‍රජාව සංක්‍රමණය වී‌මේ සිරිතක් විය. පසුකාලීනව ඇති වූ ගම්වැද්‌දෝ ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් හේන් ‌ගොවිතැන ඇසුරු ‌‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුදු, ඔවුන්‌ගේ සාම්ප්‍රදායික දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙත සම්පුර්ණ‌යෙන් ම අත් ‌නොහැරිය හ. වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් දඩයම් කිරී‌මෙන් ජීවත් වූ අතර, ඔවුන්‌ගේ මුලීක ප්‍රවනතාවය වූ‌යේ ‌ගොනා දඩයම් කිරීම ය. ‌ගොනා ගිරි ආශ්‍රිත ව වාසය කළ නිසා වැද්දන් ද ගිරි‌ලෙන් ආශ්‍රිත දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙතකට හුරු වන්නට ඇති බව ‌බො‌හෝ විද්‍යාර්ථයින් විශ්වාස තරති. ‌මෙයට අමතර ව, ඔවුන් ඵල-අල ආහාරයට ගනිමින් ද, වන මී රැස්වන කාලයට මී කැඩි‌මෙන් ද දිවි ‌පෙ‌‌වෙත සරි කර ගත් හ. වැද්දන් ආහාර පුළුස්සා ගැනීම කරන අතර, අලවර්ග ‌‌බො‌හෝවිට උණු අළුපල්‌ලේ ලා තම්බා ගැනීම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. දඩයම් කිරීම හා ආහාර අනුභවය කණ්ඩායමක් වශ‌යෙන් එකට ම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. වැඩිපුර ඇති ආහාර ද්‍රව්‍ය හිඟ කාලයන් සඳහා කල් තබා ගැනීමට මස් වර්ග වියලීම (හෙවත් කරවල කිරීම), එල්ලා දුම්ගැස්ස වීම ‌හෝ මීපැනිවල බහා තැබීම වැනි ක්‍රියාවන් කළ හ. '''පවුල් සම්බන්ධතා''' අඹු-සැමි දිවිය අගය කළ වැදි ජනයා අතර, සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ලැ‌බෙන බහුභාර්යා ‌සේවනය ‌හෝ බහු පුරුෂ ‌සේවනය තබා, පරදාර ‌සේවනය වත් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. විවාහ‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනයා ස්වකීය භාර්යාවන්ට මනා ‌සේ ඇළුම් කළ අතර, එකි‌නෙකාට විශ්වාසවන්ත ‌ලෙස ද ජීවත් විය. එ‌හෙයින් වි‌දේශිය මිශනාරිවරුන් විසින් ‌කෙවල විවහා කුමය ලංකාවට හඳුන්වා දීමට පෙර සිට ම, වැද්දන් අතර ‌කේවල විවාහ ක්‍රමය තිබූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌රේ ගැහැණිය හට මනා ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබුණු අතර, ඇය පවු‌ලේ පළමු ‌කොට, ආහාර‌යෙන් ‌කොටස භුක්ති වින්ද හ. ‌මෙයින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්නේ කාන්තාව වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌‌රේ ‌ගෞවරවයට පාත්‍ර වූ බවකි. '''විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන්''' වැදි දරු‌වෝ කල් ‌නොයවා ස්වකීය නෑන-හුරා විවාහයන්ට ඇතුළු ‌වෙති. ඔවුන් අතර ස‌හෝදර ස‌හොදරි ව්‍යවාහයන් ‌හෝ විවාහයට ‌පෙර ලිංගිත සම්බන්ධතාවන් සිදු ‌නො‌වේ. විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන් ‌බො‌හෝ ‌සේ ලුහුඩු ය; සරල ය. තරුණ වැදි ‌කොළු‌වෙකු හිතගිය තරුණි‌ය‌ගේ ‌පියාගේ ගෙට පැණි මුලක් හා මස් රැ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ‌යොජනාව පියාට පවසන අතර, පියා විසින් ඇයට නියඳ පට්ටාවලින් ඇඹරූ රෑනක් ‌ගෙන ඔහු‌ගේ ඉණ වටා බඳිනු ලැ‌බේ. එතැන් සිට ‌‌දෙ‌දෙනා අඹු-සැමි‌යෝ ‌වෙති. ===වැදි බස=== ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. ===විශ්වාස=== ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ජන සමාජය]] [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] 5547 2006-06-08T13:31:11Z Ravincaldera 100 /* පවුල් දිවිය */ ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. [[image:Ceylon Native Village.jpg|thumb|right|350px| ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ වැදි පවුලක් (1910)]] ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරුවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ [[විජයාගමනයට]] ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්සන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌[[ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ්]] ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිවැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ '[[වන්නියලෑත්තන්]]' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. [[සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌ත]]හි ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌[[හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන්]] ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== වැදිසමාජය තුළ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන ධුරාවලියක් දක්නට නැති තරම් ය. ‌බො‌හෝ විට වැදි රැළක් වැදිනායකයකු යට‌තේ පාලනය විය. ආදිවාසි ජන ප්‍රජාවන්හි දක්නට ඇති ආකාර‌යේ, ‌ගෝත්‍ර අතර ‌වෛරයක් ‌හෝ ‌ගෝත්‍ර සටන් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. එක ම ප්‍ර‌දේශයක වරිග කිහිපයක වැදිජන ප්‍රජාවන් සමාදාන‌යෙන් ජීවත් වුව ද, ප්‍ර‌දේශයට ඇතුල්වීමේ දී විවිධ තහංචි ඔවුනොවුන් අතර විණ. සමහර වැදි වරිග‌යෝ ගඟක් ‌හෝ කැළැ ‌පෙ‌දෙසක් හරහා ‌වෙනත් ප්‍ර‌දේශයන් වලට සංක්‍රමණය වූ හ. ‌මෙ‌සේ ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යෙන් ප්‍ර‌දේශයට වැදි ප්‍රජාවන්‌ගේ ව්‍යාප්තවීම සිඳු වි ය. ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===පවුල් දිවිය=== වැදි ජනයා අතර [[ඥාතීත්වය]] සහ ඔවුන්ට ආමන්ත්‍රණය සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජාව ‌මෙන් ‌‌වෙයි. අප්පිලැත්‌තෝ (පියා), අම්මිලැත්‌තෝ (මව), ආදි වශ‌යෙන් 'ලැත්‌තෝ' යන පාඨය ඥාතිතවයට පසුව ‌යෙදී‌මෙන් ඔවුහු ආමන්ත්‍රණය තනා ගනිති. බිරිද(කුඩ්‌පෙත්ත)ට ‌බො‌හෝ විට, 'නංගිලැත්‌තෝ' යන ‌යෙඳුම ‌යොදනු‌යේ, වැදිජනප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ඇති බෑණා සහ නැනා (ඇවැස්ස හුරා-නෑනා) විවාහයන් නිසා‌වෙන් ය. සිංහල සමාජ‌යේ ‌මෙන් ම, විවාහ සහ ලිංගික සම්බන්ධතා සම්බන්ධ‌යෙන් විවිධ වූ තහංචි පැන වී තිබිණි. නිදසුනක් ‌ලෙස, මාමා සහ නෑනැ අතර, බෑණා සහ නැන්දා අතර ‌මෙන් ම, මවු-පිය පාර්ෂව‌යේ ස‌හෝදරයන් ‌හෝ වියපත් ස‌හෝදර ස‌හෝදරියන් අතරත් විවාහයන් තහනම් විණ. එ‌හෙත් මරණයක දී, මළ ස‌හෝදරිය ‌හෝ ස‌හෝදරයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් සැමියා ‌හෝ බිරිය එකී පවු‌ලේ තව ස‌හෝදරියක් ‌හෝ ස‌හොදරයෙක් විවාහ කර ගැනීම සිඳු විම නිසා, නැවතත් දරුවන් හට ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබිණ. '''නායකයා''' වැදි‌ගෝත්‍රය සංවිධානය වන්නේ 'නායකයෙකු' වටා ය. එ‌හෙයින් විවිධ වූ වැදිජනප්‍රජාවන් සඳහා නායක‌යෝ සිටිය හ. එ‌හෙත් පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් වැදි ජනතාව‌ගේ ප්‍රාමාණාත්මක අඩුවීම නිසා සහ ආණ්ඩුව විසින් ඔවුන් වසන ප්‍ර‌දේශ පාලනය නායකයන්ගේ පැවැත්ම ක්‍රමයෙන් නැති ව ගි‌යේ ය. වැදි ප්‍රජා‌වේ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන නායක‌යෙක් ‌‌ලෙස මෑත යුග‌යේ සිටි‌යේ දඹා‌නේ මහාවන්නියලැත්‌‌තෝ ‌හෙවත් තිසාහාමිලැත්‌තෝ ය. '''දිවි‌පෙ‌වෙත''' මුල් කාල‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනප්‍රජාව ගල්‌ලෙන් ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ අතර, පසුව පැල්පත් ආශ්‍රීත ගම්මාන කරා සංක්‍රමණය වන්නට ඇත.ඒවා වැදි ‌කොරටු ‌ලෙසින් හැඳින් වූ අතර, වරින් වර, ආහාර ‌සොයා ගත හැකි පමණට කොරටු‌වෙන් ‌කොරටුවට වැදි ප්‍රජාව සංක්‍රමණය වී‌මේ සිරිතක් විය. පසුකාලීනව ඇති වූ ගම්වැද්‌දෝ ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් හේන් ‌ගොවිතැන ඇසුරු ‌‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුදු, ඔවුන්‌ගේ සාම්ප්‍රදායික දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙත සම්පුර්ණ‌යෙන් ම අත් ‌නොහැරිය හ. වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් දඩයම් කිරී‌මෙන් ජීවත් වූ අතර, ඔවුන්‌ගේ මුලීක ප්‍රවනතාවය වූ‌යේ ‌ගොනා දඩයම් කිරීම ය. ‌ගොනා ගිරි ආශ්‍රිත ව වාසය කළ නිසා වැද්දන් ද ගිරි‌ලෙන් ආශ්‍රිත දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙතකට හුරු වන්නට ඇති බව ‌බො‌හෝ විද්‍යාර්ථයින් විශ්වාස තරති. ‌මෙයට අමතර ව, ඔවුන් ඵල-අල ආහාරයට ගනිමින් ද, වන මී රැස්වන කාලයට මී කැඩි‌මෙන් ද දිවි ‌පෙ‌‌වෙත සරි කර ගත් හ. වැද්දන් ආහාර පුළුස්සා ගැනීම කරන අතර, අලවර්ග ‌‌බො‌හෝවිට උණු අළුපල්‌ලේ ලා තම්බා ගැනීම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. දඩයම් කිරීම හා ආහාර අනුභවය කණ්ඩායමක් වශ‌යෙන් එකට ම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. වැඩිපුර ඇති ආහාර ද්‍රව්‍ය හිඟ කාලයන් සඳහා කල් තබා ගැනීමට මස් වර්ග වියලීම (හෙවත් කරවල කිරීම), එල්ලා දුම්ගැස්ස වීම ‌හෝ මීපැනිවල බහා තැබීම වැනි ක්‍රියාවන් කළ හ. '''පවුල් සම්බන්ධතා''' අඹු-සැමි දිවිය අගය කළ වැදි ජනයා අතර, සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ලැ‌බෙන බහුභාර්යා ‌සේවනය ‌හෝ බහු පුරුෂ ‌සේවනය තබා, පරදාර ‌සේවනය වත් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. විවාහ‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනයා ස්වකීය භාර්යාවන්ට මනා ‌සේ ඇළුම් කළ අතර, එකි‌නෙකාට විශ්වාසවන්ත ‌ලෙස ද ජීවත් විය. එ‌හෙයින් වි‌දේශිය මිශනාරිවරුන් විසින් ‌කෙවල විවහා කුමය ලංකාවට හඳුන්වා දීමට පෙර සිට ම, වැද්දන් අතර ‌කේවල විවාහ ක්‍රමය තිබූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌රේ ගැහැණිය හට මනා ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබුණු අතර, ඇය පවු‌ලේ පළමු ‌කොට, ආහාර‌යෙන් ‌කොටස භුක්ති වින්ද හ. ‌මෙයින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්නේ කාන්තාව වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌‌රේ ‌ගෞවරවයට පාත්‍ර වූ බවකි. '''විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන්''' වැදි දරු‌වෝ කල් ‌නොයවා ස්වකීය නෑන-හුරා විවාහයන්ට ඇතුළු ‌වෙති. ඔවුන් අතර ස‌හෝදර ස‌හොදරි ව්‍යවාහයන් ‌හෝ විවාහයට ‌පෙර ලිංගිත සම්බන්ධතාවන් සිදු ‌නො‌වේ. විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන් ‌බො‌හෝ ‌සේ ලුහුඩු ය; සරල ය. තරුණ වැදි ‌කොළු‌වෙකු හිතගිය තරුණි‌ය‌ගේ ‌පියාගේ ගෙට පැණි මුලක් හා මස් රැ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ‌යොජනාව පියාට පවසන අතර, පියා විසින් ඇයට නියඳ පට්ටාවලින් ඇඹරූ රෑනක් ‌ගෙන ඔහු‌ගේ ඉණ වටා බඳිනු ලැ‌බේ. එතැන් සිට ‌‌දෙ‌දෙනා අඹු-සැමි‌යෝ ‌වෙති. ඒ රෑණ දිරා ගිය කල්හි, අලුත් නියඳ රෑණක් අඹරා බැඳී‌මේ කාර්යය භාර්ය්‍යාව සතු ‌වෙයි. සාමාන්‍ය‌යෙන් මාමලැත්‌තෝ විසින් බඹර වද ඇති තැනක් පවරා දීමත්, දඩ බල්ලන් සහ දුනු ඊතල දීමත් කරන ලදි. සමහර අවස්ථාවලදි මනමාලයා විසින් මනමාලියට ‌රෙදිපිලි දීම පසුකාලින ව ඇති වූ සිරිකත් බව ‌පෙනේ. විවාහ‌යෙන් පසුව බෑනා මාමා‌ගේ රෑණට එකතුවී, දඩයමට සහයවීම සිඳු ‌වෙයි. එබැවින් වැදි ජනයා අත‌රේ පිරිමි දරුවන්ට වඩා ගැහැණු දරැවන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි ඇල්මක් ඇත. ===වැදි බස=== ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. ===විශ්වාස=== ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ජන සමාජය]] [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] 5548 2006-06-08T13:33:59Z Ravincaldera 100 ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. [[image:Ceylon Native Village.jpg|thumb|right|350px| ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ වැදි පවුලක් (1910)]] ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරුවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ [[විජයාගමනයට]] ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්සන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌[[ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ්]] ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිවැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ '[[වන්නියලෑත්තන්]]' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. [[සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌ත]]හි ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌[[හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන්]] ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== වැදිසමාජය තුළ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන ධුරාවලියක් දක්නට නැති තරම් ය. ‌බො‌හෝ විට වැදි රැළක් වැදිනායකයකු යට‌තේ පාලනය විය. ආදිවාසි ජන ප්‍රජාවන්හි දක්නට ඇති ආකාර‌යේ, ‌ගෝත්‍ර අතර ‌වෛරයක් ‌හෝ ‌ගෝත්‍ර සටන් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. එක ම ප්‍ර‌දේශයක වරිග කිහිපයක වැදිජන ප්‍රජාවන් සමාදාන‌යෙන් ජීවත් වුව ද, ප්‍ර‌දේශයට ඇතුල්වීමේ දී විවිධ තහංචි ඔවුනොවුන් අතර විණ. සමහර වැදි වරිග‌යෝ ගඟක් ‌හෝ කැළැ ‌පෙ‌දෙසක් හරහා ‌වෙනත් ප්‍ර‌දේශයන් වලට සංක්‍රමණය වූ හ. ‌මෙ‌සේ ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යෙන් ප්‍ර‌දේශයට වැදි ප්‍රජාවන්‌ගේ ව්‍යාප්තවීම සිඳු වි ය. ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===දිවි‌පෙ‌වෙත=== මුල් කාල‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනප්‍රජාව ගල්‌ලෙන් ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ අතර, පසුව පැල්පත් ආශ්‍රීත ගම්මාන කරා සංක්‍රමණය වන්නට ඇත.ඒවා වැදි ‌කොරටු ‌ලෙසින් හැඳින් වූ අතර, වරින් වර, ආහාර ‌සොයා ගත හැකි පමණට කොරටු‌වෙන් ‌කොරටුවට වැදි ප්‍රජාව සංක්‍රමණය වී‌මේ සිරිතක් විය. පසුකාලීනව ඇති වූ ගම්වැද්‌දෝ ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් හේන් ‌ගොවිතැන ඇසුරු ‌‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුදු, ඔවුන්‌ගේ සාම්ප්‍රදායික දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙත සම්පුර්ණ‌යෙන් ම අත් ‌නොහැරිය හ. වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් දඩයම් කිරී‌මෙන් ජීවත් වූ අතර, ඔවුන්‌ගේ මුලීක ප්‍රවනතාවය වූ‌යේ ‌ගොනා දඩයම් කිරීම ය. ‌ගොනා ගිරි ආශ්‍රිත ව වාසය කළ නිසා වැද්දන් ද ගිරි‌ලෙන් ආශ්‍රිත දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙතකට හුරු වන්නට ඇති බව ‌බො‌හෝ විද්‍යාර්ථයින් විශ්වාස තරති. ‌මෙයට අමතර ව, ඔවුන් ඵල-අල ආහාරයට ගනිමින් ද, වන මී රැස්වන කාලයට මී කැඩි‌මෙන් ද දිවි ‌පෙ‌‌වෙත සරි කර ගත් හ. වැද්දන් ආහාර පුළුස්සා ගැනීම කරන අතර, අලවර්ග ‌‌බො‌හෝවිට උණු අළුපල්‌ලේ ලා තම්බා ගැනීම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. දඩයම් කිරීම හා ආහාර අනුභවය කණ්ඩායමක් වශ‌යෙන් එකට ම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. වැඩිපුර ඇති ආහාර ද්‍රව්‍ය හිඟ කාලයන් සඳහා කල් තබා ගැනීමට මස් වර්ග වියලීම (හෙවත් කරවල කිරීම), එල්ලා දුම්ගැස්ස වීම ‌හෝ මීපැනිවල බහා තැබීම වැනි ක්‍රියාවන් කළ හ. '''රෑ‌‌හේ නායකයා''' වැදි‌ගෝත්‍රය සංවිධානය වන්නේ 'නායකයෙකු' වටා ය. එ‌හෙයින් විවිධ වූ වැදිජනප්‍රජාවන් සඳහා නායක‌යෝ සිටිය හ. එ‌හෙත් පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් වැදි ජනතාව‌ගේ ප්‍රාමාණාත්මක අඩුවීම නිසා සහ ආණ්ඩුව විසින් ඔවුන් වසන ප්‍ර‌දේශ පාලනය නායකයන්ගේ පැවැත්ම ක්‍රමයෙන් නැති ව ගි‌යේ ය. වැදි ප්‍රජා‌වේ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන නායක‌යෙක් ‌‌ලෙස මෑත යුග‌යේ සිටි‌යේ දඹා‌නේ මහාවන්නියලැත්‌‌තෝ ‌හෙවත් තිසාහාමිලැත්‌තෝ ය. ===පවුල් දිවිය=== වැදි ජනයා අතර [[ඥාතීත්වය]] සහ ඔවුන්ට ආමන්ත්‍රණය සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජාව ‌මෙන් ‌‌වෙයි. අප්පිලැත්‌තෝ (පියා), අම්මිලැත්‌තෝ (මව), ආදි වශ‌යෙන් 'ලැත්‌තෝ' යන පාඨය ඥාතිතවයට පසුව ‌යෙදී‌මෙන් ඔවුහු ආමන්ත්‍රණය තනා ගනිති. බිරිද(කුඩ්‌පෙත්ත)ට ‌බො‌හෝ විට, 'නංගිලැත්‌තෝ' යන ‌යෙඳුම ‌යොදනු‌යේ, වැදිජනප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ඇති බෑණා සහ නැනා (ඇවැස්ස හුරා-නෑනා) විවාහයන් නිසා‌වෙන් ය. සිංහල සමාජ‌යේ ‌මෙන් ම, විවාහ සහ ලිංගික සම්බන්ධතා සම්බන්ධ‌යෙන් විවිධ වූ තහංචි පැන වී තිබිණි. නිදසුනක් ‌ලෙස, මාමා සහ නෑනැ අතර, බෑණා සහ නැන්දා අතර ‌මෙන් ම, මවු-පිය පාර්ෂව‌යේ ස‌හෝදරයන් ‌හෝ වියපත් ස‌හෝදර ස‌හෝදරියන් අතරත් විවාහයන් තහනම් විණ. එ‌හෙත් මරණයක දී, මළ ස‌හෝදරිය ‌හෝ ස‌හෝදරයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් සැමියා ‌හෝ බිරිය එකී පවු‌ලේ තව ස‌හෝදරියක් ‌හෝ ස‌හොදරයෙක් විවාහ කර ගැනීම සිඳු විම නිසා, නැවතත් දරුවන් හට ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබිණ. '''පවුල් සම්බන්ධතා''' අඹු-සැමි දිවිය අගය කළ වැදි ජනයා අතර, සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ලැ‌බෙන බහුභාර්යා ‌සේවනය ‌හෝ බහු පුරුෂ ‌සේවනය තබා, පරදාර ‌සේවනය වත් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. විවාහ‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනයා ස්වකීය භාර්යාවන්ට මනා ‌සේ ඇළුම් කළ අතර, එකි‌නෙකාට විශ්වාසවන්ත ‌ලෙස ද ජීවත් විය. එ‌හෙයින් වි‌දේශිය මිශනාරිවරුන් විසින් ‌කෙවල විවහා කුමය ලංකාවට හඳුන්වා දීමට පෙර සිට ම, වැද්දන් අතර ‌කේවල විවාහ ක්‍රමය තිබූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌රේ ගැහැණිය හට මනා ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබුණු අතර, ඇය පවු‌ලේ පළමු ‌කොට, ආහාර‌යෙන් ‌කොටස භුක්ති වින්ද හ. ‌මෙයින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්නේ කාන්තාව වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌‌රේ ‌ගෞවරවයට පාත්‍ර වූ බවකි. '''විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන්''' වැදි දරු‌වෝ කල් ‌නොයවා ස්වකීය නෑන-හුරා විවාහයන්ට ඇතුළු ‌වෙති. ඔවුන් අතර ස‌හෝදර ස‌හොදරි ව්‍යවාහයන් ‌හෝ විවාහයට ‌පෙර ලිංගිත සම්බන්ධතාවන් සිදු ‌නො‌වේ. විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන් ‌බො‌හෝ ‌සේ ලුහුඩු ය; සරල ය. තරුණ වැදි ‌කොළු‌වෙකු හිතගිය තරුණි‌ය‌ගේ ‌පියාගේ ගෙට පැණි මුලක් හා මස් රැ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ‌යොජනාව පියාට පවසන අතර, පියා විසින් ඇයට නියඳ පට්ටාවලින් ඇඹරූ රෑනක් ‌ගෙන ඔහු‌ගේ ඉණ වටා බඳිනු ලැ‌බේ. එතැන් සිට ‌‌දෙ‌දෙනා අඹු-සැමි‌යෝ ‌වෙති. ඒ රෑණ දිරා ගිය කල්හි, අලුත් නියඳ රෑණක් අඹරා බැඳී‌මේ කාර්යය භාර්ය්‍යාව සතු ‌වෙයි. සාමාන්‍ය‌යෙන් මාමලැත්‌තෝ විසින් බඹර වද ඇති තැනක් පවරා දීමත්, දඩ බල්ලන් සහ දුනු ඊතල දීමත් කරන ලදි. සමහර අවස්ථාවලදි මනමාලයා විසින් මනමාලියට ‌රෙදිපිලි දීම පසුකාලින ව ඇති වූ සිරිකත් බව ‌පෙනේ. විවාහ‌යෙන් පසුව බෑනා මාමා‌ගේ රෑණට එකතුවී, දඩයමට සහයවීම සිඳු ‌වෙයි. එබැවින් වැදි ජනයා අත‌රේ පිරිමි දරුවන්ට වඩා ගැහැණු දරැවන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි ඇල්මක් ඇත. ===වැදි බස=== ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. ===විශ්වාස=== ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ජන සමාජය]] [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] 5549 2006-06-08T13:57:41Z Ravincaldera 100 ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. [[image:Ceylon Native Village.jpg|thumb|right|350px| ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ වැදි පවුලක් (1910)]] ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරුවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ [[විජයාගමනයට]] ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්සන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌[[ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ්]] ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිවැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ '[[වන්නියලෑත්තන්]]' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. [[සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌ත]]හි ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌[[හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන්]] ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== වැදිසමාජය තුළ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන ධුරාවලියක් දක්නට නැති තරම් ය. ‌බො‌හෝ විට වැදි රැළක් වැදිනායකයකු යට‌තේ පාලනය විය. ආදිවාසි ජන ප්‍රජාවන්හි දක්නට ඇති ආකාර‌යේ, ‌ගෝත්‍ර අතර ‌වෛරයක් ‌හෝ ‌ගෝත්‍ර සටන් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. එක ම ප්‍ර‌දේශයක වරිග කිහිපයක වැදිජන ප්‍රජාවන් සමාදාන‌යෙන් ජීවත් වුව ද, ප්‍ර‌දේශයට ඇතුල්වීමේ දී විවිධ තහංචි ඔවුනොවුන් අතර විණ. සමහර වැදි වරිග‌යෝ ගඟක් ‌හෝ කැළැ ‌පෙ‌දෙසක් හරහා ‌වෙනත් ප්‍ර‌දේශයන් වලට සංක්‍රමණය වූ හ. ‌මෙ‌සේ ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යෙන් ප්‍ර‌දේශයට වැදි ප්‍රජාවන්‌ගේ ව්‍යාප්තවීම සිඳු වි ය. ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===දිවි‌පෙ‌වෙත=== මුල් කාල‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනප්‍රජාව ගල්‌ලෙන් ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ අතර, පසුව පැල්පත් ආශ්‍රීත ගම්මාන කරා සංක්‍රමණය වන්නට ඇත.ඒවා වැදි ‌කොරටු ‌ලෙසින් හැඳින් වූ අතර, වරින් වර, ආහාර ‌සොයා ගත හැකි පමණට කොරටු‌වෙන් ‌කොරටුවට වැදි ප්‍රජාව සංක්‍රමණය වී‌මේ සිරිතක් විය. පසුකාලීනව ඇති වූ ගම්වැද්‌දෝ ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් හේන් ‌ගොවිතැන ඇසුරු ‌‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුදු, ඔවුන්‌ගේ සාම්ප්‍රදායික දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙත සම්පුර්ණ‌යෙන් ම අත් ‌නොහැරිය හ. වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් දඩයම් කිරී‌මෙන් ජීවත් වූ අතර, ඔවුන්‌ගේ මුලීක ප්‍රවනතාවය වූ‌යේ ‌ගොනා දඩයම් කිරීම ය. ‌ගොනා ගිරි ආශ්‍රිත ව වාසය කළ නිසා වැද්දන් ද ගිරි‌ලෙන් ආශ්‍රිත දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙතකට හුරු වන්නට ඇති බව ‌බො‌හෝ විද්‍යාර්ථයින් විශ්වාස තරති. ‌මෙයට අමතර ව, ඔවුන් ඵල-අල ආහාරයට ගනිමින් ද, වන මී රැස්වන කාලයට මී කැඩි‌මෙන් ද දිවි ‌පෙ‌‌වෙත සරි කර ගත් හ. වැද්දන් ආහාර පුළුස්සා ගැනීම කරන අතර, අලවර්ග ‌‌බො‌හෝවිට උණු අළුපල්‌ලේ ලා තම්බා ගැනීම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. දඩයම් කිරීම හා ආහාර අනුභවය කණ්ඩායමක් වශ‌යෙන් එකට ම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. වැඩිපුර ඇති ආහාර ද්‍රව්‍ය හිඟ කාලයන් සඳහා කල් තබා ගැනීමට මස් වර්ග වියලීම (හෙවත් කරවල කිරීම), එල්ලා දුම්ගැස්ස වීම ‌හෝ මීපැනිවල බහා තැබීම වැනි ක්‍රියාවන් කළ හ. '''රෑ‌‌හේ නායකයා''' වැදි‌ගෝත්‍රය සංවිධානය වන්නේ 'නායකයෙකු' වටා ය. එ‌හෙයින් විවිධ වූ වැදිජනප්‍රජාවන් සඳහා නායක‌යෝ සිටිය හ. එ‌හෙත් පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් වැදි ජනතාව‌ගේ ප්‍රාමාණාත්මක අඩුවීම නිසා සහ ආණ්ඩුව විසින් ඔවුන් වසන ප්‍ර‌දේශ පාලනය නායකයන්ගේ පැවැත්ම ක්‍රමයෙන් නැති ව ගි‌යේ ය. වැදි ප්‍රජා‌වේ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන නායක‌යෙක් ‌‌ලෙස මෑත යුග‌යේ සිටි‌යේ දඹා‌නේ මහාවන්නියලැත්‌‌තෝ ‌හෙවත් තිසාහාමිලැත්‌තෝ ය. ===පවුල් දිවිය=== වැදි ජනයා අතර [[ඥාතීත්වය]] සහ ඔවුන්ට ආමන්ත්‍රණය සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජාව ‌මෙන් ‌‌වෙයි. අප්පිලැත්‌තෝ (පියා), අම්මිලැත්‌තෝ (මව), ආදි වශ‌යෙන් 'ලැත්‌තෝ' යන පාඨය ඥාතිතවයට පසුව ‌යෙදී‌මෙන් ඔවුහු ආමන්ත්‍රණය තනා ගනිති. බිරිද(කුඩ්‌පෙත්ත)ට ‌බො‌හෝ විට, 'නංගිලැත්‌තෝ' යන ‌යෙඳුම ‌යොදනු‌යේ, වැදිජනප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ඇති බෑණා සහ නැනා (ඇවැස්ස හුරා-නෑනා) විවාහයන් නිසා‌වෙන් ය. සිංහල සමාජ‌යේ ‌මෙන් ම, විවාහ සහ ලිංගික සම්බන්ධතා සම්බන්ධ‌යෙන් විවිධ වූ තහංචි පැන වී තිබිණි. නිදසුනක් ‌ලෙස, මාමා සහ නෑනැ අතර, බෑණා සහ නැන්දා අතර ‌මෙන් ම, මවු-පිය පාර්ෂව‌යේ ස‌හෝදරයන් ‌හෝ වියපත් ස‌හෝදර ස‌හෝදරියන් අතරත් විවාහයන් තහනම් විණ. එ‌හෙත් මරණයක දී, මළ ස‌හෝදරිය ‌හෝ ස‌හෝදරයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් සැමියා ‌හෝ බිරිය එකී පවු‌ලේ තව ස‌හෝදරියක් ‌හෝ ස‌හොදරයෙක් විවාහ කර ගැනීම සිඳු විම නිසා, නැවතත් දරුවන් හට ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබිණ. '''පවුල් සම්බන්ධතා''' අඹු-සැමි දිවිය අගය කළ වැදි ජනයා අතර, සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ලැ‌බෙන බහුභාර්යා ‌සේවනය ‌හෝ බහු පුරුෂ ‌සේවනය තබා, පරදාර ‌සේවනය වත් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. විවාහ‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනයා ස්වකීය භාර්යාවන්ට මනා ‌සේ ඇළුම් කළ අතර, එකි‌නෙකාට විශ්වාසවන්ත ‌ලෙස ද ජීවත් විය. එ‌හෙයින් වි‌දේශිය මිශනාරිවරුන් විසින් ‌කෙවල විවහා කුමය ලංකාවට හඳුන්වා දීමට පෙර සිට ම, වැද්දන් අතර ‌කේවල විවාහ ක්‍රමය තිබූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌රේ ගැහැණිය හට මනා ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබුණු අතර, ඇය පවු‌ලේ පළමු ‌කොට, ආහාර‌යෙන් ‌කොටස භුක්ති වින්ද හ. ‌මෙයින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්නේ කාන්තාව වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌‌රේ ‌ගෞවරවයට පාත්‍ර වූ බවකි. '''විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන්''' වැදි දරු‌වෝ කල් ‌නොයවා ස්වකීය නෑන-හුරා විවාහයන්ට ඇතුළු ‌වෙති. ඔවුන් අතර ස‌හෝදර ස‌හොදරි ව්‍යවාහයන් ‌හෝ විවාහයට ‌පෙර ලිංගිත සම්බන්ධතාවන් සිදු ‌නො‌වේ. විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන් ‌බො‌හෝ ‌සේ ලුහුඩු ය; සරල ය. තරුණ වැදි ‌කොළු‌වෙකු හිතගිය තරුණි‌ය‌ගේ ‌පියාගේ ගෙට පැණි මුලක් හා මස් රැ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ‌යොජනාව පියාට පවසන අතර, පියා විසින් ඇයට නියඳ පට්ටාවලින් ඇඹරූ රෑනක් ‌ගෙන ඔහු‌ගේ ඉණ වටා බඳිනු ලැ‌බේ. එතැන් සිට ‌‌දෙ‌දෙනා අඹු-සැමි‌යෝ ‌වෙති. ඒ රෑණ දිරා ගිය කල්හි, අලුත් නියඳ රෑණක් අඹරා බැඳී‌මේ කාර්යය භාර්ය්‍යාව සතු ‌වෙයි. සාමාන්‍ය‌යෙන් මාමලැත්‌තෝ විසින් බඹර වද ඇති තැනක් පවරා දීමත්, දඩ බල්ලන් සහ දුනු ඊතල දීමත් කරන ලදි. සමහර අවස්ථාවලදි මනමාලයා විසින් මනමාලියට ‌රෙදිපිලි දීම පසුකාලින ව ඇති වූ සිරිකත් බව ‌පෙනේ. විවාහ‌යෙන් පසුව බෑනා මාමා‌ගේ රෑණට එකතුවී, දඩයමට සහයවීම සිඳු ‌වෙයි. එබැවින් වැදි ජනයා අත‌රේ පිරිමි දරුවන්ට වඩා ගැහැණු දරැවන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි ඇල්මක් ඇත. '''දරුදැරි‌යෝ''' විවාහ‌යෙන් පසු, දරු ගැබක් පහළ වූ පසු, වැදි ජනයා අතර ආරක්ෂාවන් සඳහා විවිධ [[අභිචාර]] විධී භාවිතා කරයි. පුරාණ‌යෙදී 'පට්ටා යකා' පූජාවක් කරමින් ගැබ් ආරක්ෂා කළ බව ප්‍රකට ය. ප්‍රසූතිය ගල්‌ලෙනක ‌හෝ පැ‌ලේදී සිඳු විණ. ප්‍රසූති‌යෙන් පසු ව විවිධ මස්-මාශ වර්ග අනුභවය නුසුදුසුයයි පිළි ගැනීමක් විණ. එ‌සේ ම කිරී එරීම සඳහා ම ‌යොග්‍යයයි පිළිගත් අලවර්ග ආහාරයට දීම කරන ලදි. දරුවා හට මසක් තුළ නමක් දුන් අතර, යකුන්‌ගේ ‌දොස් වලින් ආරක්ෂා කර ගැනීමට දරුවා ‌බො‌හෝ විට හඳුන්වනු ලැබු‌වේ විවිධ වූ හුරතල් නම් වලිනි. ඔවුන්‌ගේ නියම නමින් හඳුවන්නට පටන් ගන්‌නේ දරුවා වැඩුණු පසු ය. දරුවන් ‌ගේ වයස අවුරුදු හත පමණ වනතුරැත් ඔවුන් නිර්වස්ත්‍රව සිටිති. වයස අවුරුදු දහය-දො‌ළොහ පමණ වය‌සේ දී දරුවන් විසින් ගල්දුනු භාවිත‌යෙන් කුරුල්ලන් සහ කුඩා සතුන් දඩයම් කරති. දරුවන් වැඩිවියට පැමි‌ණෙත් ම විවිධ දඩයම් කරන ශිල්පයත්, බඹර කැඩී‌මේ ආකාරයත් ඔවුනට කියා ‌දෙනු ලැබේ. ‌මෙ‌සේ වැඩුණු පිරිමි දරුවන් දඩයම් සහ බඹර කැඩී‌මේ දී හවුල් කර ගන්‌නේ එකී කුසලතා වර්ධනය කිරීමට ය. වැදි දැරිවිය මල්වර වූ විට, ඇය [[නුග]] ගසක් ‌වෙතට ‌‌ගොස් ගල් කැටවලින් එයට ගැසීමත්, එය කන වැකුණු මව වතුර කළයක් ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ඇය නහවා, හිසිට පසුපසින් එය බිමට වැටී බිඳී සියලු ‌දොස් දුරු කිරීම හැර ‌වෙනත් වි‌ශේෂිත ‌[[කොටහළු සිරිත්]] නැත. පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් සිංහල මල්වර සිරිත් වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වීම නිසා, මල්වර දැරිය කිළි පැලක වැඩිමහළු කාන්තාවක් හා තැබීම හා ඒ ආශ්‍රිත අභිචාර විධි කිරීම දැන් අපට අසන්නට දක්නිනට ඇත. මරණය වැද්දන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි භිය උපදවන අවස්ථාවකි. එවැන් විට ඔවුහු ගල්‌ලෙන් අතැර යති. ===වැදි බස=== ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. ===විශ්වාස=== ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ජන සමාජය]] [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] 5561 2006-06-09T04:30:29Z Ravincaldera 100 ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. [[image:Ceylon Native Village.jpg|thumb|right|350px| ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ වැදි පවුලක් (1910)]] ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරුවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ [[විජයාගමනයට]] ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්සන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌[[ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ්]] ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිවැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ '[[වන්නියලෑත්තන්]]' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. [[සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌ත]]හි ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌[[හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන්]] ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== වැදිසමාජය තුළ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන ධුරාවලියක් දක්නට නැති තරම් ය. ‌බො‌හෝ විට වැදි රැළක් වැදිනායකයකු යට‌තේ පාලනය විය. ආදිවාසි ජන ප්‍රජාවන්හි දක්නට ඇති ආකාර‌යේ, ‌ගෝත්‍ර අතර ‌වෛරයක් ‌හෝ ‌ගෝත්‍ර සටන් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. එක ම ප්‍ර‌දේශයක වරිග කිහිපයක වැදිජන ප්‍රජාවන් සමාදාන‌යෙන් ජීවත් වුව ද, ප්‍ර‌දේශයට ඇතුල්වීමේ දී විවිධ තහංචි ඔවුනොවුන් අතර විණ. සමහර වැදි වරිග‌යෝ ගඟක් ‌හෝ කැළැ ‌පෙ‌දෙසක් හරහා ‌වෙනත් ප්‍ර‌දේශයන් වලට සංක්‍රමණය වූ හ. ‌මෙ‌සේ ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යෙන් ප්‍ර‌දේශයට වැදි ප්‍රජාවන්‌ගේ ව්‍යාප්තවීම සිඳු වි ය. ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===දිවි‌පෙ‌වෙත=== මුල් කාල‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනප්‍රජාව ගල්‌ලෙන් ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ අතර, පසුව පැල්පත් ආශ්‍රීත ගම්මාන කරා සංක්‍රමණය වන්නට ඇත.ඒවා වැදි ‌කොරටු ‌ලෙසින් හැඳින් වූ අතර, වරින් වර, ආහාර ‌සොයා ගත හැකි පමණට කොරටු‌වෙන් ‌කොරටුවට වැදි ප්‍රජාව සංක්‍රමණය වී‌මේ සිරිතක් විය. පසුකාලීනව ඇති වූ ගම්වැද්‌දෝ ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් හේන් ‌ගොවිතැන ඇසුරු ‌‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුදු, ඔවුන්‌ගේ සාම්ප්‍රදායික දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙත සම්පුර්ණ‌යෙන් ම අත් ‌නොහැරිය හ. [[image:gathering honey.jpg|thumb|left|200px| බඹර පැණි එකතු කරන අනතුරුදායක අවස්ථාවක් (1887)]] වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් දඩයම් කිරී‌මෙන් ජීවත් වූ අතර, ඔවුන්‌ගේ මුලීක ප්‍රවනතාවය වූ‌යේ ‌ගොනා දඩයම් කිරීම ය. ‌ගොනා ගිරි ආශ්‍රිත ව වාසය කළ නිසා වැද්දන් ද ගිරි‌ලෙන් ආශ්‍රිත දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙතකට හුරු වන්නට ඇති බව ‌බො‌හෝ විද්‍යාර්ථයින් විශ්වාස තරති. ‌මෙයට අමතර ව, ඔවුන් ඵල-අල ආහාරයට ගනිමින් ද, වන මී රැස්වන කාලයට මී කැඩි‌මෙන් ද දිවි ‌පෙ‌‌වෙත සරි කර ගත් හ. වැද්දන් ආහාර පුළුස්සා ගැනීම කරන අතර, අලවර්ග ‌‌බො‌හෝවිට උණු අළුපල්‌ලේ ලා තම්බා ගැනීම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. දඩයම් කිරීම හා ආහාර අනුභවය කණ්ඩායමක් වශ‌යෙන් එකට ම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. වැඩිපුර ඇති ආහාර ද්‍රව්‍ය හිඟ කාලයන් සඳහා කල් තබා ගැනීමට මස් වර්ග වියලීම (හෙවත් කරවල කිරීම), එල්ලා දුම්ගැස්ස වීම ‌හෝ මීපැනිවල බහා තැබීම වැනි ක්‍රියාවන් කළ හ. '''රෑ‌‌හේ නායකයා''' වැදි‌ගෝත්‍රය සංවිධානය වන්නේ 'නායකයෙකු' වටා ය. එ‌හෙයින් විවිධ වූ වැදිජනප්‍රජාවන් සඳහා නායක‌යෝ සිටිය හ. එ‌හෙත් පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් වැදි ජනතාව‌ගේ ප්‍රාමාණාත්මක අඩුවීම නිසා සහ ආණ්ඩුව විසින් ඔවුන් වසන ප්‍ර‌දේශ පාලනය නායකයන්ගේ පැවැත්ම ක්‍රමයෙන් නැති ව ගි‌යේ ය. වැදි ප්‍රජා‌වේ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන නායක‌යෙක් ‌‌ලෙස මෑත යුග‌යේ සිටි‌යේ දඹා‌නේ මහාවන්නියලැත්‌‌තෝ ‌හෙවත් තිසාහාමිලැත්‌තෝ ය. ===පවුල් දිවිය=== වැදි ජනයා අතර [[ඥාතීත්වය]] සහ ඔවුන්ට ආමන්ත්‍රණය සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජාව ‌මෙන් ‌‌වෙයි. අප්පිලැත්‌තෝ (පියා), අම්මිලැත්‌තෝ (මව), ආදි වශ‌යෙන් 'ලැත්‌තෝ' යන පාඨය ඥාතිතවයට පසුව ‌යෙදී‌මෙන් ඔවුහු ආමන්ත්‍රණය තනා ගනිති. බිරිද(කුඩ්‌පෙත්ත)ට ‌බො‌හෝ විට, 'නංගිලැත්‌තෝ' යන ‌යෙඳුම ‌යොදනු‌යේ, වැදිජනප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ඇති බෑණා සහ නැනා (ඇවැස්ස හුරා-නෑනා) විවාහයන් නිසා‌වෙන් ය. සිංහල සමාජ‌යේ ‌මෙන් ම, විවාහ සහ ලිංගික සම්බන්ධතා සම්බන්ධ‌යෙන් විවිධ වූ තහංචි පැන වී තිබිණි. නිදසුනක් ‌ලෙස, මාමා සහ නෑනැ අතර, බෑණා සහ නැන්දා අතර ‌මෙන් ම, මවු-පිය පාර්ෂව‌යේ ස‌හෝදරයන් ‌හෝ වියපත් ස‌හෝදර ස‌හෝදරියන් අතරත් විවාහයන් තහනම් විණ. එ‌හෙත් මරණයක දී, මළ ස‌හෝදරිය ‌හෝ ස‌හෝදරයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් සැමියා ‌හෝ බිරිය එකී පවු‌ලේ තව ස‌හෝදරියක් ‌හෝ ස‌හොදරයෙක් විවාහ කර ගැනීම සිඳු විම නිසා, නැවතත් දරුවන් හට ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබිණ. '''පවුල් සම්බන්ධතා''' අඹු-සැමි දිවිය අගය කළ වැදි ජනයා අතර, සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ලැ‌බෙන බහුභාර්යා ‌සේවනය ‌හෝ බහු පුරුෂ ‌සේවනය තබා, පරදාර ‌සේවනය වත් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. විවාහ‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනයා ස්වකීය භාර්යාවන්ට මනා ‌සේ ඇළුම් කළ අතර, එකි‌නෙකාට විශ්වාසවන්ත ‌ලෙස ද ජීවත් විය. එ‌හෙයින් වි‌දේශිය මිශනාරිවරුන් විසින් ‌කෙවල විවහා කුමය ලංකාවට හඳුන්වා දීමට පෙර සිට ම, වැද්දන් අතර ‌කේවල විවාහ ක්‍රමය තිබූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌රේ ගැහැණිය හට මනා ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබුණු අතර, ඇය පවු‌ලේ පළමු ‌කොට, ආහාර‌යෙන් ‌කොටස භුක්ති වින්ද හ. ‌මෙයින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්නේ කාන්තාව වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌‌රේ ‌ගෞවරවයට පාත්‍ර වූ බවකි. '''විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන්''' වැදි දරු‌වෝ කල් ‌නොයවා ස්වකීය නෑන-හුරා විවාහයන්ට ඇතුළු ‌වෙති. ඔවුන් අතර ස‌හෝදර ස‌හොදරි ව්‍යවාහයන් ‌හෝ විවාහයට ‌පෙර ලිංගිත සම්බන්ධතාවන් සිදු ‌නො‌වේ. විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන් ‌බො‌හෝ ‌සේ ලුහුඩු ය; සරල ය. තරුණ වැදි ‌කොළු‌වෙකු හිතගිය තරුණි‌ය‌ගේ ‌පියාගේ ගෙට පැණි මුලක් හා මස් රැ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ‌යොජනාව පියාට පවසන අතර, පියා විසින් ඇයට නියඳ පට්ටාවලින් ඇඹරූ රෑනක් ‌ගෙන ඔහු‌ගේ ඉණ වටා බඳිනු ලැ‌බේ. එතැන් සිට ‌‌දෙ‌දෙනා අඹු-සැමි‌යෝ ‌වෙති. ඒ රෑණ දිරා ගිය කල්හි, අලුත් නියඳ රෑණක් අඹරා බැඳී‌මේ කාර්යය භාර්ය්‍යාව සතු ‌වෙයි. සාමාන්‍ය‌යෙන් මාමලැත්‌තෝ විසින් බඹර වද ඇති තැනක් පවරා දීමත්, දඩ බල්ලන් සහ දුනු ඊතල දීමත් කරන ලදි. සමහර අවස්ථාවලදි මනමාලයා විසින් මනමාලියට ‌රෙදිපිලි දීම පසුකාලින ව ඇති වූ සිරිකත් බව ‌පෙනේ. විවාහ‌යෙන් පසුව බෑනා මාමා‌ගේ රෑණට එකතුවී, දඩයමට සහයවීම සිඳු ‌වෙයි. එබැවින් වැදි ජනයා අත‌රේ පිරිමි දරුවන්ට වඩා ගැහැණු දරැවන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි ඇල්මක් ඇත. '''දරුදැරි‌යෝ''' විවාහ‌යෙන් පසු, දරු ගැබක් පහළ වූ පසු, වැදි ජනයා අතර ආරක්ෂාවන් සඳහා විවිධ [[අභිචාර]] විධී භාවිතා කරයි. පුරාණ‌යෙදී 'පට්ටා යකා' පූජාවක් කරමින් ගැබ් ආරක්ෂා කළ බව ප්‍රකට ය. ප්‍රසූතිය ගල්‌ලෙනක ‌හෝ පැ‌ලේදී සිඳු විණ. ප්‍රසූති‌යෙන් පසු ව විවිධ මස්-මාශ වර්ග අනුභවය නුසුදුසුයයි පිළි ගැනීමක් විණ. එ‌සේ ම කිරී එරීම සඳහා ම ‌යොග්‍යයයි පිළිගත් අලවර්ග ආහාරයට දීම කරන ලදි. දරුවා හට මසක් තුළ නමක් දුන් අතර, යකුන්‌ගේ ‌දොස් වලින් ආරක්ෂා කර ගැනීමට දරුවා ‌බො‌හෝ විට හඳුන්වනු ලැබු‌වේ විවිධ වූ හුරතල් නම් වලිනි. ඔවුන්‌ගේ නියම නමින් හඳුවන්නට පටන් ගන්‌නේ දරුවා වැඩුණු පසු ය. දරුවන් ‌ගේ වයස අවුරුදු හත පමණ වනතුරැත් ඔවුන් නිර්වස්ත්‍රව සිටිති. වයස අවුරුදු දහය-දො‌ළොහ පමණ වය‌සේ දී දරුවන් විසින් ගල්දුනු භාවිත‌යෙන් කුරුල්ලන් සහ කුඩා සතුන් දඩයම් කරති. දරුවන් වැඩිවියට පැමි‌ණෙත් ම විවිධ දඩයම් කරන ශිල්පයත්, බඹර කැඩී‌මේ ආකාරයත් ඔවුනට කියා ‌දෙනු ලැබේ. ‌මෙ‌සේ වැඩුණු පිරිමි දරුවන් දඩයම් සහ බඹර කැඩී‌මේ දී හවුල් කර ගන්‌නේ එකී කුසලතා වර්ධනය කිරීමට ය. වැදි දැරිවිය මල්වර වූ විට, ඇය [[නුග]] ගසක් ‌වෙතට ‌‌ගොස් ගල් කැටවලින් එයට ගැසීමත්, එය කන වැකුණු මව වතුර කළයක් ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ඇය නහවා, හිසිට පසුපසින් එය බිමට වැටී බිඳී සියලු ‌දොස් දුරු කිරීම හැර ‌වෙනත් වි‌ශේෂිත ‌[[කොටහළු සිරිත්]] නැත. පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් සිංහල මල්වර සිරිත් වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වීම නිසා, මල්වර දැරිය කිළි පැලක වැඩිමහළු කාන්තාවක් හා තැබීම හා ඒ ආශ්‍රිත අභිචාර විධි කිරීම දැන් අපට අසන්නට දක්නිනට ඇත. මරණය වැද්දන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි භිය උපදවන අවස්ථාවකි. එවැන් විට ඔවුහු ගල්‌ලෙන් අතැර යති. ===වැදි බස=== ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. ===විශ්වාස=== ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ජන සමාජය]] [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] 5563 2006-06-09T04:36:45Z Ravincaldera 100 /* දිවි‌පෙ‌වෙත */ ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. [[image:Ceylon Native Village.jpg|thumb|right|350px| ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ වැදි පවුලක් (1910)]] ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරුවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ [[විජයාගමනයට]] ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්සන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌[[ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ්]] ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිවැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ '[[වන්නියලෑත්තන්]]' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. [[සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌ත]]හි ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌[[හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන්]] ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== වැදිසමාජය තුළ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන ධුරාවලියක් දක්නට නැති තරම් ය. ‌බො‌හෝ විට වැදි රැළක් වැදිනායකයකු යට‌තේ පාලනය විය. ආදිවාසි ජන ප්‍රජාවන්හි දක්නට ඇති ආකාර‌යේ, ‌ගෝත්‍ර අතර ‌වෛරයක් ‌හෝ ‌ගෝත්‍ර සටන් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. එක ම ප්‍ර‌දේශයක වරිග කිහිපයක වැදිජන ප්‍රජාවන් සමාදාන‌යෙන් ජීවත් වුව ද, ප්‍ර‌දේශයට ඇතුල්වීමේ දී විවිධ තහංචි ඔවුනොවුන් අතර විණ. සමහර වැදි වරිග‌යෝ ගඟක් ‌හෝ කැළැ ‌පෙ‌දෙසක් හරහා ‌වෙනත් ප්‍ර‌දේශයන් වලට සංක්‍රමණය වූ හ. ‌මෙ‌සේ ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යෙන් ප්‍ර‌දේශයට වැදි ප්‍රජාවන්‌ගේ ව්‍යාප්තවීම සිඳු වි ය. ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===දිවි‌පෙ‌වෙත=== මුල් කාල‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනප්‍රජාව ගල්‌ලෙන් ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ අතර, පසුව පැල්පත් ආශ්‍රීත ගම්මාන කරා සංක්‍රමණය වන්නට ඇත.ඒවා වැදි ‌කොරටු ‌ලෙසින් හැඳින් වූ අතර, වරින් වර, ආහාර ‌සොයා ගත හැකි පමණට කොරටු‌වෙන් ‌කොරටුවට වැදි ප්‍රජාව සංක්‍රමණය වී‌මේ සිරිතක් විය. පසුකාලීනව ඇති වූ ගම්වැද්‌දෝ ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් හේන් ‌ගොවිතැන ඇසුරු ‌‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුදු, ඔවුන්‌ගේ සාම්ප්‍රදායික දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙත සම්පුර්ණ‌යෙන් ම අත් ‌නොහැරිය හ. [[image:gathering honey.jpg|thumb|left|150px| බඹර පැණි එකතු කරන අනතුරුදායක අවස්ථාවක් (1887)]] වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් දඩයම් කිරී‌මෙන් ජීවත් වූ අතර, ඔවුන්‌ගේ මුලීක ප්‍රවනතාවය වූ‌යේ ‌ගොනා දඩයම් කිරීම ය. ‌ගොනා ගිරි ආශ්‍රිත ව වාසය කළ නිසා වැද්දන් ද ගිරි‌ලෙන් ආශ්‍රිත දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙතකට හුරු වන්නට ඇති බව ‌බො‌හෝ විද්‍යාර්ථයින් විශ්වාස තරති. ‌මෙයට අමතර ව, ඔවුන් ඵල-අල ආහාරයට ගනිමින් ද, වන මී රැස්වන කාලයට මී කැඩි‌මෙන් ද දිවි ‌පෙ‌‌වෙත සරි කර ගත් හ. වැද්දන් ආහාර පුළුස්සා ගැනීම කරන අතර, අලවර්ග ‌‌බො‌හෝවිට උණු අළුපල්‌ලේ ලා තම්බා ගැනීම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. දඩයම් කිරීම හා ආහාර අනුභවය කණ්ඩායමක් වශ‌යෙන් එකට ම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. වැඩිපුර ඇති ආහාර ද්‍රව්‍ය හිඟ කාලයන් සඳහා කල් තබා ගැනීමට මස් වර්ග වියලීම (හෙවත් කරවල කිරීම), එල්ලා දුම්ගැස්ස වීම ‌හෝ මීපැනිවල බහා තැබීම වැනි ක්‍රියාවන් කළ හ. '''රෑ‌‌හේ නායකයා''' වැදි‌ගෝත්‍රය සංවිධානය වන්නේ 'නායකයෙකු' වටා ය. එ‌හෙයින් විවිධ වූ වැදිජනප්‍රජාවන් සඳහා නායක‌යෝ සිටිය හ. එ‌හෙත් පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් වැදි ජනතාව‌ගේ ප්‍රාමාණාත්මක අඩුවීම නිසා සහ ආණ්ඩුව විසින් ඔවුන් වසන ප්‍ර‌දේශ පාලනය නායකයන්ගේ පැවැත්ම ක්‍රමයෙන් නැති ව ගි‌යේ ය. වැදි ප්‍රජා‌වේ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන නායක‌යෙක් ‌‌ලෙස මෑත යුග‌යේ සිටි‌යේ දඹා‌නේ මහාවන්නියලැත්‌‌තෝ ‌හෙවත් තිසාහාමිලැත්‌තෝ ය. ===පවුල් දිවිය=== වැදි ජනයා අතර [[ඥාතීත්වය]] සහ ඔවුන්ට ආමන්ත්‍රණය සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජාව ‌මෙන් ‌‌වෙයි. අප්පිලැත්‌තෝ (පියා), අම්මිලැත්‌තෝ (මව), ආදි වශ‌යෙන් 'ලැත්‌තෝ' යන පාඨය ඥාතිතවයට පසුව ‌යෙදී‌මෙන් ඔවුහු ආමන්ත්‍රණය තනා ගනිති. බිරිද(කුඩ්‌පෙත්ත)ට ‌බො‌හෝ විට, 'නංගිලැත්‌තෝ' යන ‌යෙඳුම ‌යොදනු‌යේ, වැදිජනප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ඇති බෑණා සහ නැනා (ඇවැස්ස හුරා-නෑනා) විවාහයන් නිසා‌වෙන් ය. සිංහල සමාජ‌යේ ‌මෙන් ම, විවාහ සහ ලිංගික සම්බන්ධතා සම්බන්ධ‌යෙන් විවිධ වූ තහංචි පැන වී තිබිණි. නිදසුනක් ‌ලෙස, මාමා සහ නෑනැ අතර, බෑණා සහ නැන්දා අතර ‌මෙන් ම, මවු-පිය පාර්ෂව‌යේ ස‌හෝදරයන් ‌හෝ වියපත් ස‌හෝදර ස‌හෝදරියන් අතරත් විවාහයන් තහනම් විණ. එ‌හෙත් මරණයක දී, මළ ස‌හෝදරිය ‌හෝ ස‌හෝදරයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් සැමියා ‌හෝ බිරිය එකී පවු‌ලේ තව ස‌හෝදරියක් ‌හෝ ස‌හොදරයෙක් විවාහ කර ගැනීම සිඳු විම නිසා, නැවතත් දරුවන් හට ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබිණ. '''පවුල් සම්බන්ධතා''' අඹු-සැමි දිවිය අගය කළ වැදි ජනයා අතර, සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ලැ‌බෙන බහුභාර්යා ‌සේවනය ‌හෝ බහු පුරුෂ ‌සේවනය තබා, පරදාර ‌සේවනය වත් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. විවාහ‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනයා ස්වකීය භාර්යාවන්ට මනා ‌සේ ඇළුම් කළ අතර, එකි‌නෙකාට විශ්වාසවන්ත ‌ලෙස ද ජීවත් විය. එ‌හෙයින් වි‌දේශිය මිශනාරිවරුන් විසින් ‌කෙවල විවහා කුමය ලංකාවට හඳුන්වා දීමට පෙර සිට ම, වැද්දන් අතර ‌කේවල විවාහ ක්‍රමය තිබූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌රේ ගැහැණිය හට මනා ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබුණු අතර, ඇය පවු‌ලේ පළමු ‌කොට, ආහාර‌යෙන් ‌කොටස භුක්ති වින්ද හ. ‌මෙයින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්නේ කාන්තාව වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌‌රේ ‌ගෞවරවයට පාත්‍ර වූ බවකි. '''විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන්''' වැදි දරු‌වෝ කල් ‌නොයවා ස්වකීය නෑන-හුරා විවාහයන්ට ඇතුළු ‌වෙති. ඔවුන් අතර ස‌හෝදර ස‌හොදරි ව්‍යවාහයන් ‌හෝ විවාහයට ‌පෙර ලිංගිත සම්බන්ධතාවන් සිදු ‌නො‌වේ. විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන් ‌බො‌හෝ ‌සේ ලුහුඩු ය; සරල ය. තරුණ වැදි ‌කොළු‌වෙකු හිතගිය තරුණි‌ය‌ගේ ‌පියාගේ ගෙට පැණි මුලක් හා මස් රැ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ‌යොජනාව පියාට පවසන අතර, පියා විසින් ඇයට නියඳ පට්ටාවලින් ඇඹරූ රෑනක් ‌ගෙන ඔහු‌ගේ ඉණ වටා බඳිනු ලැ‌බේ. එතැන් සිට ‌‌දෙ‌දෙනා අඹු-සැමි‌යෝ ‌වෙති. ඒ රෑණ දිරා ගිය කල්හි, අලුත් නියඳ රෑණක් අඹරා බැඳී‌මේ කාර්යය භාර්ය්‍යාව සතු ‌වෙයි. සාමාන්‍ය‌යෙන් මාමලැත්‌තෝ විසින් බඹර වද ඇති තැනක් පවරා දීමත්, දඩ බල්ලන් සහ දුනු ඊතල දීමත් කරන ලදි. සමහර අවස්ථාවලදි මනමාලයා විසින් මනමාලියට ‌රෙදිපිලි දීම පසුකාලින ව ඇති වූ සිරිකත් බව ‌පෙනේ. විවාහ‌යෙන් පසුව බෑනා මාමා‌ගේ රෑණට එකතුවී, දඩයමට සහයවීම සිඳු ‌වෙයි. එබැවින් වැදි ජනයා අත‌රේ පිරිමි දරුවන්ට වඩා ගැහැණු දරැවන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි ඇල්මක් ඇත. '''දරුදැරි‌යෝ''' විවාහ‌යෙන් පසු, දරු ගැබක් පහළ වූ පසු, වැදි ජනයා අතර ආරක්ෂාවන් සඳහා විවිධ [[අභිචාර]] විධී භාවිතා කරයි. පුරාණ‌යෙදී 'පට්ටා යකා' පූජාවක් කරමින් ගැබ් ආරක්ෂා කළ බව ප්‍රකට ය. ප්‍රසූතිය ගල්‌ලෙනක ‌හෝ පැ‌ලේදී සිඳු විණ. ප්‍රසූති‌යෙන් පසු ව විවිධ මස්-මාශ වර්ග අනුභවය නුසුදුසුයයි පිළි ගැනීමක් විණ. එ‌සේ ම කිරී එරීම සඳහා ම ‌යොග්‍යයයි පිළිගත් අලවර්ග ආහාරයට දීම කරන ලදි. දරුවා හට මසක් තුළ නමක් දුන් අතර, යකුන්‌ගේ ‌දොස් වලින් ආරක්ෂා කර ගැනීමට දරුවා ‌බො‌හෝ විට හඳුන්වනු ලැබු‌වේ විවිධ වූ හුරතල් නම් වලිනි. ඔවුන්‌ගේ නියම නමින් හඳුවන්නට පටන් ගන්‌නේ දරුවා වැඩුණු පසු ය. දරුවන් ‌ගේ වයස අවුරුදු හත පමණ වනතුරැත් ඔවුන් නිර්වස්ත්‍රව සිටිති. වයස අවුරුදු දහය-දො‌ළොහ පමණ වය‌සේ දී දරුවන් විසින් ගල්දුනු භාවිත‌යෙන් කුරුල්ලන් සහ කුඩා සතුන් දඩයම් කරති. දරුවන් වැඩිවියට පැමි‌ණෙත් ම විවිධ දඩයම් කරන ශිල්පයත්, බඹර කැඩී‌මේ ආකාරයත් ඔවුනට කියා ‌දෙනු ලැබේ. ‌මෙ‌සේ වැඩුණු පිරිමි දරුවන් දඩයම් සහ බඹර කැඩී‌මේ දී හවුල් කර ගන්‌නේ එකී කුසලතා වර්ධනය කිරීමට ය. වැදි දැරිවිය මල්වර වූ විට, ඇය [[නුග]] ගසක් ‌වෙතට ‌‌ගොස් ගල් කැටවලින් එයට ගැසීමත්, එය කන වැකුණු මව වතුර කළයක් ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ඇය නහවා, හිසිට පසුපසින් එය බිමට වැටී බිඳී සියලු ‌දොස් දුරු කිරීම හැර ‌වෙනත් වි‌ශේෂිත ‌[[කොටහළු සිරිත්]] නැත. පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් සිංහල මල්වර සිරිත් වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වීම නිසා, මල්වර දැරිය කිළි පැලක වැඩිමහළු කාන්තාවක් හා තැබීම හා ඒ ආශ්‍රිත අභිචාර විධි කිරීම දැන් අපට අසන්නට දක්නිනට ඇත. මරණය වැද්දන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි භිය උපදවන අවස්ථාවකි. එවැන් විට ඔවුහු ගල්‌ලෙන් අතැර යති. ===වැදි බස=== ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. ===විශ්වාස=== ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ජන සමාජය]] [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] 5564 2006-06-09T04:37:41Z Ravincaldera 100 /* දිවි‌පෙ‌වෙත */ ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. [[image:Ceylon Native Village.jpg|thumb|right|350px| ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ වැදි පවුලක් (1910)]] ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරුවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ [[විජයාගමනයට]] ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්සන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌[[ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ්]] ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිවැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ '[[වන්නියලෑත්තන්]]' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. [[සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌ත]]හි ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌[[හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන්]] ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== වැදිසමාජය තුළ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන ධුරාවලියක් දක්නට නැති තරම් ය. ‌බො‌හෝ විට වැදි රැළක් වැදිනායකයකු යට‌තේ පාලනය විය. ආදිවාසි ජන ප්‍රජාවන්හි දක්නට ඇති ආකාර‌යේ, ‌ගෝත්‍ර අතර ‌වෛරයක් ‌හෝ ‌ගෝත්‍ර සටන් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. එක ම ප්‍ර‌දේශයක වරිග කිහිපයක වැදිජන ප්‍රජාවන් සමාදාන‌යෙන් ජීවත් වුව ද, ප්‍ර‌දේශයට ඇතුල්වීමේ දී විවිධ තහංචි ඔවුනොවුන් අතර විණ. සමහර වැදි වරිග‌යෝ ගඟක් ‌හෝ කැළැ ‌පෙ‌දෙසක් හරහා ‌වෙනත් ප්‍ර‌දේශයන් වලට සංක්‍රමණය වූ හ. ‌මෙ‌සේ ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යෙන් ප්‍ර‌දේශයට වැදි ප්‍රජාවන්‌ගේ ව්‍යාප්තවීම සිඳු වි ය. ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===දිවි‌පෙ‌වෙත=== [[image:gathering honey.jpg|thumb|left|150px| බඹර පැණි එකතු කරන අනතුරුදායක අවස්ථාවක් (1887)]] මුල් කාල‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනප්‍රජාව ගල්‌ලෙන් ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ අතර, පසුව පැල්පත් ආශ්‍රීත ගම්මාන කරා සංක්‍රමණය වන්නට ඇත.ඒවා වැදි ‌කොරටු ‌ලෙසින් හැඳින් වූ අතර, වරින් වර, ආහාර ‌සොයා ගත හැකි පමණට කොරටු‌වෙන් ‌කොරටුවට වැදි ප්‍රජාව සංක්‍රමණය වී‌මේ සිරිතක් විය. පසුකාලීනව ඇති වූ ගම්වැද්‌දෝ ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් හේන් ‌ගොවිතැන ඇසුරු ‌‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුදු, ඔවුන්‌ගේ සාම්ප්‍රදායික දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙත සම්පුර්ණ‌යෙන් ම අත් ‌නොහැරිය හ. වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් දඩයම් කිරී‌මෙන් ජීවත් වූ අතර, ඔවුන්‌ගේ මුලීක ප්‍රවනතාවය වූ‌යේ ‌ගොනා දඩයම් කිරීම ය. ‌ගොනා ගිරි ආශ්‍රිත ව වාසය කළ නිසා වැද්දන් ද ගිරි‌ලෙන් ආශ්‍රිත දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙතකට හුරු වන්නට ඇති බව ‌බො‌හෝ විද්‍යාර්ථයින් විශ්වාස තරති. ‌මෙයට අමතර ව, ඔවුන් ඵල-අල ආහාරයට ගනිමින් ද, වන මී රැස්වන කාලයට මී කැඩි‌මෙන් ද දිවි ‌පෙ‌‌වෙත සරි කර ගත් හ. වැද්දන් ආහාර පුළුස්සා ගැනීම කරන අතර, අලවර්ග ‌‌බො‌හෝවිට උණු අළුපල්‌ලේ ලා තම්බා ගැනීම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. දඩයම් කිරීම හා ආහාර අනුභවය කණ්ඩායමක් වශ‌යෙන් එකට ම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. වැඩිපුර ඇති ආහාර ද්‍රව්‍ය හිඟ කාලයන් සඳහා කල් තබා ගැනීමට මස් වර්ග වියලීම (හෙවත් කරවල කිරීම), එල්ලා දුම්ගැස්ස වීම ‌හෝ මීපැනිවල බහා තැබීම වැනි ක්‍රියාවන් කළ හ. '''රෑ‌‌හේ නායකයා''' වැදි‌ගෝත්‍රය සංවිධානය වන්නේ 'නායකයෙකු' වටා ය. එ‌හෙයින් විවිධ වූ වැදිජනප්‍රජාවන් සඳහා නායක‌යෝ සිටිය හ. එ‌හෙත් පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් වැදි ජනතාව‌ගේ ප්‍රාමාණාත්මක අඩුවීම නිසා සහ ආණ්ඩුව විසින් ඔවුන් වසන ප්‍ර‌දේශ පාලනය නායකයන්ගේ පැවැත්ම ක්‍රමයෙන් නැති ව ගි‌යේ ය. වැදි ප්‍රජා‌වේ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන නායක‌යෙක් ‌‌ලෙස මෑත යුග‌යේ සිටි‌යේ දඹා‌නේ මහාවන්නියලැත්‌‌තෝ ‌හෙවත් තිසාහාමිලැත්‌තෝ ය. ===පවුල් දිවිය=== වැදි ජනයා අතර [[ඥාතීත්වය]] සහ ඔවුන්ට ආමන්ත්‍රණය සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජාව ‌මෙන් ‌‌වෙයි. අප්පිලැත්‌තෝ (පියා), අම්මිලැත්‌තෝ (මව), ආදි වශ‌යෙන් 'ලැත්‌තෝ' යන පාඨය ඥාතිතවයට පසුව ‌යෙදී‌මෙන් ඔවුහු ආමන්ත්‍රණය තනා ගනිති. බිරිද(කුඩ්‌පෙත්ත)ට ‌බො‌හෝ විට, 'නංගිලැත්‌තෝ' යන ‌යෙඳුම ‌යොදනු‌යේ, වැදිජනප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ඇති බෑණා සහ නැනා (ඇවැස්ස හුරා-නෑනා) විවාහයන් නිසා‌වෙන් ය. සිංහල සමාජ‌යේ ‌මෙන් ම, විවාහ සහ ලිංගික සම්බන්ධතා සම්බන්ධ‌යෙන් විවිධ වූ තහංචි පැන වී තිබිණි. නිදසුනක් ‌ලෙස, මාමා සහ නෑනැ අතර, බෑණා සහ නැන්දා අතර ‌මෙන් ම, මවු-පිය පාර්ෂව‌යේ ස‌හෝදරයන් ‌හෝ වියපත් ස‌හෝදර ස‌හෝදරියන් අතරත් විවාහයන් තහනම් විණ. එ‌හෙත් මරණයක දී, මළ ස‌හෝදරිය ‌හෝ ස‌හෝදරයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් සැමියා ‌හෝ බිරිය එකී පවු‌ලේ තව ස‌හෝදරියක් ‌හෝ ස‌හොදරයෙක් විවාහ කර ගැනීම සිඳු විම නිසා, නැවතත් දරුවන් හට ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබිණ. '''පවුල් සම්බන්ධතා''' අඹු-සැමි දිවිය අගය කළ වැදි ජනයා අතර, සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ලැ‌බෙන බහුභාර්යා ‌සේවනය ‌හෝ බහු පුරුෂ ‌සේවනය තබා, පරදාර ‌සේවනය වත් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. විවාහ‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනයා ස්වකීය භාර්යාවන්ට මනා ‌සේ ඇළුම් කළ අතර, එකි‌නෙකාට විශ්වාසවන්ත ‌ලෙස ද ජීවත් විය. එ‌හෙයින් වි‌දේශිය මිශනාරිවරුන් විසින් ‌කෙවල විවහා කුමය ලංකාවට හඳුන්වා දීමට පෙර සිට ම, වැද්දන් අතර ‌කේවල විවාහ ක්‍රමය තිබූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌රේ ගැහැණිය හට මනා ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබුණු අතර, ඇය පවු‌ලේ පළමු ‌කොට, ආහාර‌යෙන් ‌කොටස භුක්ති වින්ද හ. ‌මෙයින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්නේ කාන්තාව වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌‌රේ ‌ගෞවරවයට පාත්‍ර වූ බවකි. '''විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන්''' වැදි දරු‌වෝ කල් ‌නොයවා ස්වකීය නෑන-හුරා විවාහයන්ට ඇතුළු ‌වෙති. ඔවුන් අතර ස‌හෝදර ස‌හොදරි ව්‍යවාහයන් ‌හෝ විවාහයට ‌පෙර ලිංගිත සම්බන්ධතාවන් සිදු ‌නො‌වේ. විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන් ‌බො‌හෝ ‌සේ ලුහුඩු ය; සරල ය. තරුණ වැදි ‌කොළු‌වෙකු හිතගිය තරුණි‌ය‌ගේ ‌පියාගේ ගෙට පැණි මුලක් හා මස් රැ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ‌යොජනාව පියාට පවසන අතර, පියා විසින් ඇයට නියඳ පට්ටාවලින් ඇඹරූ රෑනක් ‌ගෙන ඔහු‌ගේ ඉණ වටා බඳිනු ලැ‌බේ. එතැන් සිට ‌‌දෙ‌දෙනා අඹු-සැමි‌යෝ ‌වෙති. ඒ රෑණ දිරා ගිය කල්හි, අලුත් නියඳ රෑණක් අඹරා බැඳී‌මේ කාර්යය භාර්ය්‍යාව සතු ‌වෙයි. සාමාන්‍ය‌යෙන් මාමලැත්‌තෝ විසින් බඹර වද ඇති තැනක් පවරා දීමත්, දඩ බල්ලන් සහ දුනු ඊතල දීමත් කරන ලදි. සමහර අවස්ථාවලදි මනමාලයා විසින් මනමාලියට ‌රෙදිපිලි දීම පසුකාලින ව ඇති වූ සිරිකත් බව ‌පෙනේ. විවාහ‌යෙන් පසුව බෑනා මාමා‌ගේ රෑණට එකතුවී, දඩයමට සහයවීම සිඳු ‌වෙයි. එබැවින් වැදි ජනයා අත‌රේ පිරිමි දරුවන්ට වඩා ගැහැණු දරැවන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි ඇල්මක් ඇත. '''දරුදැරි‌යෝ''' විවාහ‌යෙන් පසු, දරු ගැබක් පහළ වූ පසු, වැදි ජනයා අතර ආරක්ෂාවන් සඳහා විවිධ [[අභිචාර]] විධී භාවිතා කරයි. පුරාණ‌යෙදී 'පට්ටා යකා' පූජාවක් කරමින් ගැබ් ආරක්ෂා කළ බව ප්‍රකට ය. ප්‍රසූතිය ගල්‌ලෙනක ‌හෝ පැ‌ලේදී සිඳු විණ. ප්‍රසූති‌යෙන් පසු ව විවිධ මස්-මාශ වර්ග අනුභවය නුසුදුසුයයි පිළි ගැනීමක් විණ. එ‌සේ ම කිරී එරීම සඳහා ම ‌යොග්‍යයයි පිළිගත් අලවර්ග ආහාරයට දීම කරන ලදි. දරුවා හට මසක් තුළ නමක් දුන් අතර, යකුන්‌ගේ ‌දොස් වලින් ආරක්ෂා කර ගැනීමට දරුවා ‌බො‌හෝ විට හඳුන්වනු ලැබු‌වේ විවිධ වූ හුරතල් නම් වලිනි. ඔවුන්‌ගේ නියම නමින් හඳුවන්නට පටන් ගන්‌නේ දරුවා වැඩුණු පසු ය. දරුවන් ‌ගේ වයස අවුරුදු හත පමණ වනතුරැත් ඔවුන් නිර්වස්ත්‍රව සිටිති. වයස අවුරුදු දහය-දො‌ළොහ පමණ වය‌සේ දී දරුවන් විසින් ගල්දුනු භාවිත‌යෙන් කුරුල්ලන් සහ කුඩා සතුන් දඩයම් කරති. දරුවන් වැඩිවියට පැමි‌ණෙත් ම විවිධ දඩයම් කරන ශිල්පයත්, බඹර කැඩී‌මේ ආකාරයත් ඔවුනට කියා ‌දෙනු ලැබේ. ‌මෙ‌සේ වැඩුණු පිරිමි දරුවන් දඩයම් සහ බඹර කැඩී‌මේ දී හවුල් කර ගන්‌නේ එකී කුසලතා වර්ධනය කිරීමට ය. වැදි දැරිවිය මල්වර වූ විට, ඇය [[නුග]] ගසක් ‌වෙතට ‌‌ගොස් ගල් කැටවලින් එයට ගැසීමත්, එය කන වැකුණු මව වතුර කළයක් ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ඇය නහවා, හිසිට පසුපසින් එය බිමට වැටී බිඳී සියලු ‌දොස් දුරු කිරීම හැර ‌වෙනත් වි‌ශේෂිත ‌[[කොටහළු සිරිත්]] නැත. පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් සිංහල මල්වර සිරිත් වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වීම නිසා, මල්වර දැරිය කිළි පැලක වැඩිමහළු කාන්තාවක් හා තැබීම හා ඒ ආශ්‍රිත අභිචාර විධි කිරීම දැන් අපට අසන්නට දක්නිනට ඇත. මරණය වැද්දන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි භිය උපදවන අවස්ථාවකි. එවැන් විට ඔවුහු ගල්‌ලෙන් අතැර යති. ===වැදි බස=== ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. ===විශ්වාස=== ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ජන සමාජය]] [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] 5565 2006-06-09T04:39:00Z Ravincaldera 100 /* දිවි‌පෙ‌වෙත */ ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. [[image:Ceylon Native Village.jpg|thumb|right|350px| ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ වැදි පවුලක් (1910)]] ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරුවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ [[විජයාගමනයට]] ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්සන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌[[ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ්]] ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිවැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ '[[වන්නියලෑත්තන්]]' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. [[සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌ත]]හි ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌[[හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන්]] ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== වැදිසමාජය තුළ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන ධුරාවලියක් දක්නට නැති තරම් ය. ‌බො‌හෝ විට වැදි රැළක් වැදිනායකයකු යට‌තේ පාලනය විය. ආදිවාසි ජන ප්‍රජාවන්හි දක්නට ඇති ආකාර‌යේ, ‌ගෝත්‍ර අතර ‌වෛරයක් ‌හෝ ‌ගෝත්‍ර සටන් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. එක ම ප්‍ර‌දේශයක වරිග කිහිපයක වැදිජන ප්‍රජාවන් සමාදාන‌යෙන් ජීවත් වුව ද, ප්‍ර‌දේශයට ඇතුල්වීමේ දී විවිධ තහංචි ඔවුනොවුන් අතර විණ. සමහර වැදි වරිග‌යෝ ගඟක් ‌හෝ කැළැ ‌පෙ‌දෙසක් හරහා ‌වෙනත් ප්‍ර‌දේශයන් වලට සංක්‍රමණය වූ හ. ‌මෙ‌සේ ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යෙන් ප්‍ර‌දේශයට වැදි ප්‍රජාවන්‌ගේ ව්‍යාප්තවීම සිඳු වි ය. ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===දිවි‌පෙ‌වෙත=== මුල් කාල‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනප්‍රජාව ගල්‌ලෙන් ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ අතර, පසුව පැල්පත් ආශ්‍රීත ගම්මාන කරා සංක්‍රමණය වන්නට ඇත.ඒවා වැදි ‌කොරටු ‌ලෙසින් හැඳින් වූ අතර, වරින් වර, ආහාර ‌සොයා ගත හැකි පමණට කොරටු‌වෙන් ‌කොරටුවට වැදි ප්‍රජාව සංක්‍රමණය වී‌මේ සිරිතක් විය. [[image:gathering honey.jpg|thumb|left|150px| බඹර පැණි එකතු කරන අනතුරුදායක අවස්ථාවක් (1887)]] පසුකාලීනව ඇති වූ ගම්වැද්‌දෝ ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් හේන් ‌ගොවිතැන ඇසුරු ‌‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුදු, ඔවුන්‌ගේ සාම්ප්‍රදායික දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙත සම්පුර්ණ‌යෙන් ම අත් ‌නොහැරිය හ. වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් දඩයම් කිරී‌මෙන් ජීවත් වූ අතර, ඔවුන්‌ගේ මුලීක ප්‍රවනතාවය වූ‌යේ ‌ගොනා දඩයම් කිරීම ය. ‌ගොනා ගිරි ආශ්‍රිත ව වාසය කළ නිසා වැද්දන් ද ගිරි‌ලෙන් ආශ්‍රිත දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙතකට හුරු වන්නට ඇති බව ‌බො‌හෝ විද්‍යාර්ථයින් විශ්වාස තරති. ‌මෙයට අමතර ව, ඔවුන් ඵල-අල ආහාරයට ගනිමින් ද, වන මී රැස්වන කාලයට මී කැඩි‌මෙන් ද දිවි ‌පෙ‌‌වෙත සරි කර ගත් හ. වැද්දන් ආහාර පුළුස්සා ගැනීම කරන අතර, අලවර්ග ‌‌බො‌හෝවිට උණු අළුපල්‌ලේ ලා තම්බා ගැනීම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. දඩයම් කිරීම හා ආහාර අනුභවය කණ්ඩායමක් වශ‌යෙන් එකට ම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. වැඩිපුර ඇති ආහාර ද්‍රව්‍ය හිඟ කාලයන් සඳහා කල් තබා ගැනීමට මස් වර්ග වියලීම (හෙවත් කරවල කිරීම), එල්ලා දුම්ගැස්ස වීම ‌හෝ මීපැනිවල බහා තැබීම වැනි ක්‍රියාවන් කළ හ. '''රෑ‌‌හේ නායකයා''' වැදි‌ගෝත්‍රය සංවිධානය වන්නේ 'නායකයෙකු' වටා ය. එ‌හෙයින් විවිධ වූ වැදිජනප්‍රජාවන් සඳහා නායක‌යෝ සිටිය හ. එ‌හෙත් පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් වැදි ජනතාව‌ගේ ප්‍රාමාණාත්මක අඩුවීම නිසා සහ ආණ්ඩුව විසින් ඔවුන් වසන ප්‍ර‌දේශ පාලනය නායකයන්ගේ පැවැත්ම ක්‍රමයෙන් නැති ව ගි‌යේ ය. වැදි ප්‍රජා‌වේ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන නායක‌යෙක් ‌‌ලෙස මෑත යුග‌යේ සිටි‌යේ දඹා‌නේ මහාවන්නියලැත්‌‌තෝ ‌හෙවත් තිසාහාමිලැත්‌තෝ ය. ===පවුල් දිවිය=== වැදි ජනයා අතර [[ඥාතීත්වය]] සහ ඔවුන්ට ආමන්ත්‍රණය සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජාව ‌මෙන් ‌‌වෙයි. අප්පිලැත්‌තෝ (පියා), අම්මිලැත්‌තෝ (මව), ආදි වශ‌යෙන් 'ලැත්‌තෝ' යන පාඨය ඥාතිතවයට පසුව ‌යෙදී‌මෙන් ඔවුහු ආමන්ත්‍රණය තනා ගනිති. බිරිද(කුඩ්‌පෙත්ත)ට ‌බො‌හෝ විට, 'නංගිලැත්‌තෝ' යන ‌යෙඳුම ‌යොදනු‌යේ, වැදිජනප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ඇති බෑණා සහ නැනා (ඇවැස්ස හුරා-නෑනා) විවාහයන් නිසා‌වෙන් ය. සිංහල සමාජ‌යේ ‌මෙන් ම, විවාහ සහ ලිංගික සම්බන්ධතා සම්බන්ධ‌යෙන් විවිධ වූ තහංචි පැන වී තිබිණි. නිදසුනක් ‌ලෙස, මාමා සහ නෑනැ අතර, බෑණා සහ නැන්දා අතර ‌මෙන් ම, මවු-පිය පාර්ෂව‌යේ ස‌හෝදරයන් ‌හෝ වියපත් ස‌හෝදර ස‌හෝදරියන් අතරත් විවාහයන් තහනම් විණ. එ‌හෙත් මරණයක දී, මළ ස‌හෝදරිය ‌හෝ ස‌හෝදරයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් සැමියා ‌හෝ බිරිය එකී පවු‌ලේ තව ස‌හෝදරියක් ‌හෝ ස‌හොදරයෙක් විවාහ කර ගැනීම සිඳු විම නිසා, නැවතත් දරුවන් හට ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබිණ. '''පවුල් සම්බන්ධතා''' අඹු-සැමි දිවිය අගය කළ වැදි ජනයා අතර, සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ලැ‌බෙන බහුභාර්යා ‌සේවනය ‌හෝ බහු පුරුෂ ‌සේවනය තබා, පරදාර ‌සේවනය වත් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. විවාහ‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනයා ස්වකීය භාර්යාවන්ට මනා ‌සේ ඇළුම් කළ අතර, එකි‌නෙකාට විශ්වාසවන්ත ‌ලෙස ද ජීවත් විය. එ‌හෙයින් වි‌දේශිය මිශනාරිවරුන් විසින් ‌කෙවල විවහා කුමය ලංකාවට හඳුන්වා දීමට පෙර සිට ම, වැද්දන් අතර ‌කේවල විවාහ ක්‍රමය තිබූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌රේ ගැහැණිය හට මනා ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබුණු අතර, ඇය පවු‌ලේ පළමු ‌කොට, ආහාර‌යෙන් ‌කොටස භුක්ති වින්ද හ. ‌මෙයින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්නේ කාන්තාව වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌‌රේ ‌ගෞවරවයට පාත්‍ර වූ බවකි. '''විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන්''' වැදි දරු‌වෝ කල් ‌නොයවා ස්වකීය නෑන-හුරා විවාහයන්ට ඇතුළු ‌වෙති. ඔවුන් අතර ස‌හෝදර ස‌හොදරි ව්‍යවාහයන් ‌හෝ විවාහයට ‌පෙර ලිංගිත සම්බන්ධතාවන් සිදු ‌නො‌වේ. විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන් ‌බො‌හෝ ‌සේ ලුහුඩු ය; සරල ය. තරුණ වැදි ‌කොළු‌වෙකු හිතගිය තරුණි‌ය‌ගේ ‌පියාගේ ගෙට පැණි මුලක් හා මස් රැ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ‌යොජනාව පියාට පවසන අතර, පියා විසින් ඇයට නියඳ පට්ටාවලින් ඇඹරූ රෑනක් ‌ගෙන ඔහු‌ගේ ඉණ වටා බඳිනු ලැ‌බේ. එතැන් සිට ‌‌දෙ‌දෙනා අඹු-සැමි‌යෝ ‌වෙති. ඒ රෑණ දිරා ගිය කල්හි, අලුත් නියඳ රෑණක් අඹරා බැඳී‌මේ කාර්යය භාර්ය්‍යාව සතු ‌වෙයි. සාමාන්‍ය‌යෙන් මාමලැත්‌තෝ විසින් බඹර වද ඇති තැනක් පවරා දීමත්, දඩ බල්ලන් සහ දුනු ඊතල දීමත් කරන ලදි. සමහර අවස්ථාවලදි මනමාලයා විසින් මනමාලියට ‌රෙදිපිලි දීම පසුකාලින ව ඇති වූ සිරිකත් බව ‌පෙනේ. විවාහ‌යෙන් පසුව බෑනා මාමා‌ගේ රෑණට එකතුවී, දඩයමට සහයවීම සිඳු ‌වෙයි. එබැවින් වැදි ජනයා අත‌රේ පිරිමි දරුවන්ට වඩා ගැහැණු දරැවන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි ඇල්මක් ඇත. '''දරුදැරි‌යෝ''' විවාහ‌යෙන් පසු, දරු ගැබක් පහළ වූ පසු, වැදි ජනයා අතර ආරක්ෂාවන් සඳහා විවිධ [[අභිචාර]] විධී භාවිතා කරයි. පුරාණ‌යෙදී 'පට්ටා යකා' පූජාවක් කරමින් ගැබ් ආරක්ෂා කළ බව ප්‍රකට ය. ප්‍රසූතිය ගල්‌ලෙනක ‌හෝ පැ‌ලේදී සිඳු විණ. ප්‍රසූති‌යෙන් පසු ව විවිධ මස්-මාශ වර්ග අනුභවය නුසුදුසුයයි පිළි ගැනීමක් විණ. එ‌සේ ම කිරී එරීම සඳහා ම ‌යොග්‍යයයි පිළිගත් අලවර්ග ආහාරයට දීම කරන ලදි. දරුවා හට මසක් තුළ නමක් දුන් අතර, යකුන්‌ගේ ‌දොස් වලින් ආරක්ෂා කර ගැනීමට දරුවා ‌බො‌හෝ විට හඳුන්වනු ලැබු‌වේ විවිධ වූ හුරතල් නම් වලිනි. ඔවුන්‌ගේ නියම නමින් හඳුවන්නට පටන් ගන්‌නේ දරුවා වැඩුණු පසු ය. දරුවන් ‌ගේ වයස අවුරුදු හත පමණ වනතුරැත් ඔවුන් නිර්වස්ත්‍රව සිටිති. වයස අවුරුදු දහය-දො‌ළොහ පමණ වය‌සේ දී දරුවන් විසින් ගල්දුනු භාවිත‌යෙන් කුරුල්ලන් සහ කුඩා සතුන් දඩයම් කරති. දරුවන් වැඩිවියට පැමි‌ණෙත් ම විවිධ දඩයම් කරන ශිල්පයත්, බඹර කැඩී‌මේ ආකාරයත් ඔවුනට කියා ‌දෙනු ලැබේ. ‌මෙ‌සේ වැඩුණු පිරිමි දරුවන් දඩයම් සහ බඹර කැඩී‌මේ දී හවුල් කර ගන්‌නේ එකී කුසලතා වර්ධනය කිරීමට ය. වැදි දැරිවිය මල්වර වූ විට, ඇය [[නුග]] ගසක් ‌වෙතට ‌‌ගොස් ගල් කැටවලින් එයට ගැසීමත්, එය කන වැකුණු මව වතුර කළයක් ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ඇය නහවා, හිසිට පසුපසින් එය බිමට වැටී බිඳී සියලු ‌දොස් දුරු කිරීම හැර ‌වෙනත් වි‌ශේෂිත ‌[[කොටහළු සිරිත්]] නැත. පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් සිංහල මල්වර සිරිත් වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වීම නිසා, මල්වර දැරිය කිළි පැලක වැඩිමහළු කාන්තාවක් හා තැබීම හා ඒ ආශ්‍රිත අභිචාර විධි කිරීම දැන් අපට අසන්නට දක්නිනට ඇත. මරණය වැද්දන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි භිය උපදවන අවස්ථාවකි. එවැන් විට ඔවුහු ගල්‌ලෙන් අතැර යති. ===වැදි බස=== ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. ===විශ්වාස=== ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ජන සමාජය]] [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] 5566 2006-06-09T04:43:06Z Ravincaldera 100 /* වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය */ ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. [[image:Ceylon Native Village.jpg|thumb|right|350px| ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ වැදි පවුලක් (1910)]] ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරුවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ [[විජයාගමනයට]] ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්සන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌[[ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ්]] ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිවැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ '[[වන්නියලෑත්තන්]]' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. [[සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌ත]]හි ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌[[හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන්]] ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== වැදිසමාජය තුළ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන ධුරාවලියක් දක්නට නැති තරම් ය. ‌බො‌හෝ විට වැදි රැළක් වැදිනායකයකු යට‌තේ පාලනය විය. ආදිවාසි ජන ප්‍රජාවන්හි දක්නට ඇති ආකාර‌යේ, ‌ගෝත්‍ර අතර ‌වෛරයක් ‌හෝ ‌ගෝත්‍ර සටන් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. එක ම ප්‍ර‌දේශයක වරිග කිහිපයක වැදිජන ප්‍රජාවන් සමාදාන‌යෙන් ජීවත් වුව ද, ප්‍ර‌දේශයට ඇතුල්වීමේ දී විවිධ තහංචි ඔවුනොවුන් අතර විණ. සමහර වැදි වරිග‌යෝ ගඟක් ‌හෝ කැළැ ‌පෙ‌දෙසක් හරහා ‌වෙනත් ප්‍ර‌දේශයන් වලට සංක්‍රමණය වූ හ. ‌මෙ‌සේ ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යෙන් ප්‍ර‌දේශයට වැදි ප්‍රජාවන්‌ගේ ව්‍යාප්තවීම සිඳු වි ය. ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===දිවි‌පෙ‌වෙත=== මුල් කාල‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනප්‍රජාව ගල්‌ලෙන් ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ අතර, පසුව පැල්පත් ආශ්‍රීත ගම්මාන කරා සංක්‍රමණය වන්නට ඇත. [[image:gathering honey.jpg|thumb|left|150px|බඹර පැණි එකතු කරන අනතුරුදායක අවස්ථාවක් (1887)]] ඒවා වැදි ‌කොරටු ‌ලෙසින් හැඳින් වූ අතර, වරින් වර, ආහාර ‌සොයා ගත හැකි පමණට කොරටු‌වෙන් ‌කොරටුවට වැදි ප්‍රජාව සංක්‍රමණය වී‌මේ සිරිතක් විය. පසුකාලීනව ඇති වූ ගම්වැද්‌දෝ ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් හේන් ‌ගොවිතැන ඇසුරු ‌‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුදු, ඔවුන්‌ගේ සාම්ප්‍රදායික දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙත සම්පුර්ණ‌යෙන් ම අත් ‌නොහැරිය හ. වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් දඩයම් කිරී‌මෙන් ජීවත් වූ අතර, ඔවුන්‌ගේ මුලීක ප්‍රවනතාවය වූ‌යේ ‌ගොනා දඩයම් කිරීම ය. ‌ගොනා ගිරි ආශ්‍රිත ව වාසය කළ නිසා වැද්දන් ද ගිරි‌ලෙන් ආශ්‍රිත දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙතකට හුරු වන්නට ඇති බව ‌බො‌හෝ විද්‍යාර්ථයින් විශ්වාස තරති. ‌මෙයට අමතර ව, ඔවුන් ඵල-අල ආහාරයට ගනිමින් ද, වන මී රැස්වන කාලයට මී කැඩි‌මෙන් ද දිවි ‌පෙ‌‌වෙත සරි කර ගත් හ. වැද්දන් ආහාර පුළුස්සා ගැනීම කරන අතර, අලවර්ග ‌‌බො‌හෝවිට උණු අළුපල්‌ලේ ලා තම්බා ගැනීම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. දඩයම් කිරීම හා ආහාර අනුභවය කණ්ඩායමක් වශ‌යෙන් එකට ම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. වැඩිපුර ඇති ආහාර ද්‍රව්‍ය හිඟ කාලයන් සඳහා කල් තබා ගැනීමට මස් වර්ග වියලීම (හෙවත් කරවල කිරීම), එල්ලා දුම්ගැස්ස වීම ‌හෝ මීපැනිවල බහා තැබීම වැනි ක්‍රියාවන් කළ හ. '''රෑ‌‌හේ නායකයා''' වැදි‌ගෝත්‍රය සංවිධානය වන්නේ 'නායකයෙකු' වටා ය. එ‌හෙයින් විවිධ වූ වැදිජනප්‍රජාවන් සඳහා නායක‌යෝ සිටිය හ. එ‌හෙත් පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් වැදි ජනතාව‌ගේ ප්‍රාමාණාත්මක අඩුවීම නිසා සහ ආණ්ඩුව විසින් ඔවුන් වසන ප්‍ර‌දේශ පාලනය නායකයන්ගේ පැවැත්ම ක්‍රමයෙන් නැති ව ගි‌යේ ය. වැදි ප්‍රජා‌වේ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන නායක‌යෙක් ‌‌ලෙස මෑත යුග‌යේ සිටි‌යේ දඹා‌නේ මහාවන්නියලැත්‌‌තෝ ‌හෙවත් තිසාහාමිලැත්‌තෝ ය. ===පවුල් දිවිය=== වැදි ජනයා අතර [[ඥාතීත්වය]] සහ ඔවුන්ට ආමන්ත්‍රණය සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජාව ‌මෙන් ‌‌වෙයි. අප්පිලැත්‌තෝ (පියා), අම්මිලැත්‌තෝ (මව), ආදි වශ‌යෙන් 'ලැත්‌තෝ' යන පාඨය ඥාතිතවයට පසුව ‌යෙදී‌මෙන් ඔවුහු ආමන්ත්‍රණය තනා ගනිති. බිරිද(කුඩ්‌පෙත්ත)ට ‌බො‌හෝ විට, 'නංගිලැත්‌තෝ' යන ‌යෙඳුම ‌යොදනු‌යේ, වැදිජනප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ඇති බෑණා සහ නැනා (ඇවැස්ස හුරා-නෑනා) විවාහයන් නිසා‌වෙන් ය. සිංහල සමාජ‌යේ ‌මෙන් ම, විවාහ සහ ලිංගික සම්බන්ධතා සම්බන්ධ‌යෙන් විවිධ වූ තහංචි පැන වී තිබිණි. නිදසුනක් ‌ලෙස, මාමා සහ නෑනැ අතර, බෑණා සහ නැන්දා අතර ‌මෙන් ම, මවු-පිය පාර්ෂව‌යේ ස‌හෝදරයන් ‌හෝ වියපත් ස‌හෝදර ස‌හෝදරියන් අතරත් විවාහයන් තහනම් විණ. එ‌හෙත් මරණයක දී, මළ ස‌හෝදරිය ‌හෝ ස‌හෝදරයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් සැමියා ‌හෝ බිරිය එකී පවු‌ලේ තව ස‌හෝදරියක් ‌හෝ ස‌හොදරයෙක් විවාහ කර ගැනීම සිඳු විම නිසා, නැවතත් දරුවන් හට ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබිණ. '''පවුල් සම්බන්ධතා''' අඹු-සැමි දිවිය අගය කළ වැදි ජනයා අතර, සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ලැ‌බෙන බහුභාර්යා ‌සේවනය ‌හෝ බහු පුරුෂ ‌සේවනය තබා, පරදාර ‌සේවනය වත් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. විවාහ‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනයා ස්වකීය භාර්යාවන්ට මනා ‌සේ ඇළුම් කළ අතර, එකි‌නෙකාට විශ්වාසවන්ත ‌ලෙස ද ජීවත් විය. එ‌හෙයින් වි‌දේශිය මිශනාරිවරුන් විසින් ‌කෙවල විවහා කුමය ලංකාවට හඳුන්වා දීමට පෙර සිට ම, වැද්දන් අතර ‌කේවල විවාහ ක්‍රමය තිබූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌රේ ගැහැණිය හට මනා ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබුණු අතර, ඇය පවු‌ලේ පළමු ‌කොට, ආහාර‌යෙන් ‌කොටස භුක්ති වින්ද හ. ‌මෙයින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්නේ කාන්තාව වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌‌රේ ‌ගෞවරවයට පාත්‍ර වූ බවකි. '''විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන්''' වැදි දරු‌වෝ කල් ‌නොයවා ස්වකීය නෑන-හුරා විවාහයන්ට ඇතුළු ‌වෙති. ඔවුන් අතර ස‌හෝදර ස‌හොදරි ව්‍යවාහයන් ‌හෝ විවාහයට ‌පෙර ලිංගිත සම්බන්ධතාවන් සිදු ‌නො‌වේ. විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන් ‌බො‌හෝ ‌සේ ලුහුඩු ය; සරල ය. තරුණ වැදි ‌කොළු‌වෙකු හිතගිය තරුණි‌ය‌ගේ ‌පියාගේ ගෙට පැණි මුලක් හා මස් රැ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ‌යොජනාව පියාට පවසන අතර, පියා විසින් ඇයට නියඳ පට්ටාවලින් ඇඹරූ රෑනක් ‌ගෙන ඔහු‌ගේ ඉණ වටා බඳිනු ලැ‌බේ. එතැන් සිට ‌‌දෙ‌දෙනා අඹු-සැමි‌යෝ ‌වෙති. ඒ රෑණ දිරා ගිය කල්හි, අලුත් නියඳ රෑණක් අඹරා බැඳී‌මේ කාර්යය භාර්ය්‍යාව සතු ‌වෙයි. සාමාන්‍ය‌යෙන් මාමලැත්‌තෝ විසින් බඹර වද ඇති තැනක් පවරා දීමත්, දඩ බල්ලන් සහ දුනු ඊතල දීමත් කරන ලදි. සමහර අවස්ථාවලදි මනමාලයා විසින් මනමාලියට ‌රෙදිපිලි දීම පසුකාලින ව ඇති වූ සිරිකත් බව ‌පෙනේ. විවාහ‌යෙන් පසුව බෑනා මාමා‌ගේ රෑණට එකතුවී, දඩයමට සහයවීම සිඳු ‌වෙයි. එබැවින් වැදි ජනයා අත‌රේ පිරිමි දරුවන්ට වඩා ගැහැණු දරැවන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි ඇල්මක් ඇත. '''දරුදැරි‌යෝ''' විවාහ‌යෙන් පසු, දරු ගැබක් පහළ වූ පසු, වැදි ජනයා අතර ආරක්ෂාවන් සඳහා විවිධ [[අභිචාර]] විධී භාවිතා කරයි. පුරාණ‌යෙදී 'පට්ටා යකා' පූජාවක් කරමින් ගැබ් ආරක්ෂා කළ බව ප්‍රකට ය. ප්‍රසූතිය ගල්‌ලෙනක ‌හෝ පැ‌ලේදී සිඳු විණ. ප්‍රසූති‌යෙන් පසු ව විවිධ මස්-මාශ වර්ග අනුභවය නුසුදුසුයයි පිළි ගැනීමක් විණ. එ‌සේ ම කිරී එරීම සඳහා ම ‌යොග්‍යයයි පිළිගත් අලවර්ග ආහාරයට දීම කරන ලදි. දරුවා හට මසක් තුළ නමක් දුන් අතර, යකුන්‌ගේ ‌දොස් වලින් ආරක්ෂා කර ගැනීමට දරුවා ‌බො‌හෝ විට හඳුන්වනු ලැබු‌වේ විවිධ වූ හුරතල් නම් වලිනි. ඔවුන්‌ගේ නියම නමින් හඳුවන්නට පටන් ගන්‌නේ දරුවා වැඩුණු පසු ය. දරුවන් ‌ගේ වයස අවුරුදු හත පමණ වනතුරැත් ඔවුන් නිර්වස්ත්‍රව සිටිති. වයස අවුරුදු දහය-දො‌ළොහ පමණ වය‌සේ දී දරුවන් විසින් ගල්දුනු භාවිත‌යෙන් කුරුල්ලන් සහ කුඩා සතුන් දඩයම් කරති. දරුවන් වැඩිවියට පැමි‌ණෙත් ම විවිධ දඩයම් කරන ශිල්පයත්, බඹර කැඩී‌මේ ආකාරයත් ඔවුනට කියා ‌දෙනු ලැබේ. ‌මෙ‌සේ වැඩුණු පිරිමි දරුවන් දඩයම් සහ බඹර කැඩී‌මේ දී හවුල් කර ගන්‌නේ එකී කුසලතා වර්ධනය කිරීමට ය. වැදි දැරිවිය මල්වර වූ විට, ඇය [[නුග]] ගසක් ‌වෙතට ‌‌ගොස් ගල් කැටවලින් එයට ගැසීමත්, එය කන වැකුණු මව වතුර කළයක් ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ඇය නහවා, හිසිට පසුපසින් එය බිමට වැටී බිඳී සියලු ‌දොස් දුරු කිරීම හැර ‌වෙනත් වි‌ශේෂිත ‌[[කොටහළු සිරිත්]] නැත. පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් සිංහල මල්වර සිරිත් වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වීම නිසා, මල්වර දැරිය කිළි පැලක වැඩිමහළු කාන්තාවක් හා තැබීම හා ඒ ආශ්‍රිත අභිචාර විධි කිරීම දැන් අපට අසන්නට දක්නිනට ඇත. මරණය වැද්දන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි භිය උපදවන අවස්ථාවකි. එවැන් විට ඔවුහු ගල්‌ලෙන් අතැර යති. ===වැදි බස=== ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. ===විශ්වාස=== ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ජන සමාජය]] [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] 5567 2006-06-09T04:48:58Z Ravincaldera 100 ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. [[image:Ceylon Native Village.jpg|thumb|right|350px| ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ වැදි පවුලක් (1910)]] ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරුවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ: මහා වංශ‌යේ සඳහන් වන පරිදි, [[විජය කුමරු]]වා කු‌වේණිය හා දරුවන් අතහැර දමා, විවහාය සඳහා රාජ කන්‍යවක් ඉන්දියා‌වෙන් ‌ගෙ‌නෙන ලදි. එහි දී [[කු‌වේණිය]] නැවත [[ලංකාපුර‌]]යෙහි ස්වකීය [[යක්ෂ]] ප්‍රජාව ‌වෙත හරවා යවන අතර, එහි දී ඇති වූ දබරයක දී ඇය මරණයට පත්වන්ණි ය. ඇය‌ගේ බාල ‌සො‌හොයුරා පැමිණ දරුවන් හට පලා යමට පවසයි. ඔවුන් සමන්-කුළ ([[සම‌නොළ කන්ද]])ට ‌ගොස් ‌ නැගණී දෙටු ‌සොයුරා හා වාසය ‌කොට, [[මලයා රට]] හෙවත් කදුකර ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජන ප්‍රජාවක් බිහි කළ අතර, ඔවුන් පුලින්දා ‌ලෙස දක්වා ඇත ([[මහාවංශය]] පරි. 7.59-68). පුලින්දන් පිළිබඳ ව සටහනක් තබන ගයිගර් තුමා පවසන්‌නේ, ඔවුන් ‌මේ‌‌ලේජ්‍ය ‌ගෝත්‍රික ප්‍රජාවක් වන්නට ඇති බවත්, පසුව වැද්දන් බවට හඳුන්වන්නට ඇති බවත් ය. ‌‌කොළඹ, කළුතර සහ ගාල්ල ආශ්‍රිත ප්‍රදේශ‌යේ සිට කදුකරය දක්වා ප්‍ර‌දේශය ‘සබරගමුව’ ‌ලෙසින් හදුන්වන අතර, එය ව්‍යුත්පන්න වන්නට ඇත්‌තේ ‘පුලින්ද’ යන්නට සමාන පදයක් වන [[සංස්කෘත]] ‘සබර,’ [[පාලි]] ‘සවර’ ‌මගින් ය. ‌උක්ත නිගමනයට අනුව ම යමින් ශ්‍රී සුමංගල හිමියන් හා බටුවන්තුඩා‌වේ ‌දේවරක්ෂිත පඬිවරයාණන් ඔවුන්‌ගේ [[මහාවංශ]] පරිවර්ත‌යේ ‘පුලින්ද’ වදන ‘වැද්දන්’ වශ‌යෙන් ඍජුව ම දක්වා ඇත. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ [[විජයාගමනයට]] ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්සන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌[[ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ්]] ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිවැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ '[[වන්නියලෑත්තන්]]' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. [[සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌ත]]හි ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌[[හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන්]] ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== වැදිසමාජය තුළ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන ධුරාවලියක් දක්නට නැති තරම් ය. ‌බො‌හෝ විට වැදි රැළක් වැදිනායකයකු යට‌තේ පාලනය විය. ආදිවාසි ජන ප්‍රජාවන්හි දක්නට ඇති ආකාර‌යේ, ‌ගෝත්‍ර අතර ‌වෛරයක් ‌හෝ ‌ගෝත්‍ර සටන් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. එක ම ප්‍ර‌දේශයක වරිග කිහිපයක වැදිජන ප්‍රජාවන් සමාදාන‌යෙන් ජීවත් වුව ද, ප්‍ර‌දේශයට ඇතුල්වීමේ දී විවිධ තහංචි ඔවුනොවුන් අතර විණ. සමහර වැදි වරිග‌යෝ ගඟක් ‌හෝ කැළැ ‌පෙ‌දෙසක් හරහා ‌වෙනත් ප්‍ර‌දේශයන් වලට සංක්‍රමණය වූ හ. ‌මෙ‌සේ ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යෙන් ප්‍ර‌දේශයට වැදි ප්‍රජාවන්‌ගේ ව්‍යාප්තවීම සිඳු වි ය. ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. සී. ජී. සෙල්ග්මාන්ට අනුව වැද්දන්‌‌ගේ වරිග ‌බෙදීම ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් ස්වකීය ‌ගෝත්‍ර‌යෙන් පිට විවහා වීම ‌හෙවත් [[බහිර්‌වෛවාහික]] සහ මාතෘ පාර්ෂව මූලීක, ඌරා සහ ‌මොනරා ආශ්‍රීත ගෝත්‍ර විහ්න ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් ‌ගොඩ නැගුනක් බව ය (C. G. Seligmann, The Vaddas, 1911, p.30.). භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===දිවි‌පෙ‌වෙත=== මුල් කාල‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනප්‍රජාව ගල්‌ලෙන් ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ අතර, පසුව පැල්පත් ආශ්‍රීත ගම්මාන කරා සංක්‍රමණය වන්නට ඇත. [[image:gathering honey.jpg|thumb|left|150px|බඹර පැණි එකතු කරන අනතුරුදායක අවස්ථාවක් (1887)]] ඒවා වැදි ‌කොරටු ‌ලෙසින් හැඳින් වූ අතර, වරින් වර, ආහාර ‌සොයා ගත හැකි පමණට කොරටු‌වෙන් ‌කොරටුවට වැදි ප්‍රජාව සංක්‍රමණය වී‌මේ සිරිතක් විය. පසුකාලීනව ඇති වූ ගම්වැද්‌දෝ ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් හේන් ‌ගොවිතැන ඇසුරු ‌‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුදු, ඔවුන්‌ගේ සාම්ප්‍රදායික දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙත සම්පුර්ණ‌යෙන් ම අත් ‌නොහැරිය හ. වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් දඩයම් කිරී‌මෙන් ජීවත් වූ අතර, ඔවුන්‌ගේ මුලීක ප්‍රවනතාවය වූ‌යේ ‌ගොනා දඩයම් කිරීම ය. ‌ගොනා ගිරි ආශ්‍රිත ව වාසය කළ නිසා වැද්දන් ද ගිරි‌ලෙන් ආශ්‍රිත දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙතකට හුරු වන්නට ඇති බව ‌බො‌හෝ විද්‍යාර්ථයින් විශ්වාස තරති. ‌මෙයට අමතර ව, ඔවුන් ඵල-අල ආහාරයට ගනිමින් ද, වන මී රැස්වන කාලයට මී කැඩි‌මෙන් ද දිවි ‌පෙ‌‌වෙත සරි කර ගත් හ. වැද්දන් ආහාර පුළුස්සා ගැනීම කරන අතර, අලවර්ග ‌‌බො‌හෝවිට උණු අළුපල්‌ලේ ලා තම්බා ගැනීම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. දඩයම් කිරීම හා ආහාර අනුභවය කණ්ඩායමක් වශ‌යෙන් එකට ම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. වැඩිපුර ඇති ආහාර ද්‍රව්‍ය හිඟ කාලයන් සඳහා කල් තබා ගැනීමට මස් වර්ග වියලීම (හෙවත් කරවල කිරීම), එල්ලා දුම්ගැස්ස වීම ‌හෝ මීපැනිවල බහා තැබීම වැනි ක්‍රියාවන් කළ හ. '''රෑ‌‌හේ නායකයා''' වැදි‌ගෝත්‍රය සංවිධානය වන්නේ 'නායකයෙකු' වටා ය. එ‌හෙයින් විවිධ වූ වැදිජනප්‍රජාවන් සඳහා නායක‌යෝ සිටිය හ. එ‌හෙත් පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් වැදි ජනතාව‌ගේ ප්‍රාමාණාත්මක අඩුවීම නිසා සහ ආණ්ඩුව විසින් ඔවුන් වසන ප්‍ර‌දේශ පාලනය නායකයන්ගේ පැවැත්ම ක්‍රමයෙන් නැති ව ගි‌යේ ය. වැදි ප්‍රජා‌වේ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන නායක‌යෙක් ‌‌ලෙස මෑත යුග‌යේ සිටි‌යේ දඹා‌නේ මහාවන්නියලැත්‌‌තෝ ‌හෙවත් තිසාහාමිලැත්‌තෝ ය. ===පවුල් දිවිය=== වැදි ජනයා අතර [[ඥාතීත්වය]] සහ ඔවුන්ට ආමන්ත්‍රණය සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජාව ‌මෙන් ‌‌වෙයි. අප්පිලැත්‌තෝ (පියා), අම්මිලැත්‌තෝ (මව), ආදි වශ‌යෙන් 'ලැත්‌තෝ' යන පාඨය ඥාතිතවයට පසුව ‌යෙදී‌මෙන් ඔවුහු ආමන්ත්‍රණය තනා ගනිති. බිරිද(කුඩ්‌පෙත්ත)ට ‌බො‌හෝ විට, 'නංගිලැත්‌තෝ' යන ‌යෙඳුම ‌යොදනු‌යේ, වැදිජනප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ඇති බෑණා සහ නැනා (ඇවැස්ස හුරා-නෑනා) විවාහයන් නිසා‌වෙන් ය. සිංහල සමාජ‌යේ ‌මෙන් ම, විවාහ සහ ලිංගික සම්බන්ධතා සම්බන්ධ‌යෙන් විවිධ වූ තහංචි පැන වී තිබිණි. නිදසුනක් ‌ලෙස, මාමා සහ නෑනැ අතර, බෑණා සහ නැන්දා අතර ‌මෙන් ම, මවු-පිය පාර්ෂව‌යේ ස‌හෝදරයන් ‌හෝ වියපත් ස‌හෝදර ස‌හෝදරියන් අතරත් විවාහයන් තහනම් විණ. එ‌හෙත් මරණයක දී, මළ ස‌හෝදරිය ‌හෝ ස‌හෝදරයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් සැමියා ‌හෝ බිරිය එකී පවු‌ලේ තව ස‌හෝදරියක් ‌හෝ ස‌හොදරයෙක් විවාහ කර ගැනීම සිඳු විම නිසා, නැවතත් දරුවන් හට ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබිණ. '''පවුල් සම්බන්ධතා''' අඹු-සැමි දිවිය අගය කළ වැදි ජනයා අතර, සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ලැ‌බෙන බහුභාර්යා ‌සේවනය ‌හෝ බහු පුරුෂ ‌සේවනය තබා, පරදාර ‌සේවනය වත් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. විවාහ‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනයා ස්වකීය භාර්යාවන්ට මනා ‌සේ ඇළුම් කළ අතර, එකි‌නෙකාට විශ්වාසවන්ත ‌ලෙස ද ජීවත් විය. එ‌හෙයින් වි‌දේශිය මිශනාරිවරුන් විසින් ‌කෙවල විවහා කුමය ලංකාවට හඳුන්වා දීමට පෙර සිට ම, වැද්දන් අතර ‌කේවල විවාහ ක්‍රමය තිබූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌රේ ගැහැණිය හට මනා ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබුණු අතර, ඇය පවු‌ලේ පළමු ‌කොට, ආහාර‌යෙන් ‌කොටස භුක්ති වින්ද හ. ‌මෙයින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්නේ කාන්තාව වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌‌රේ ‌ගෞවරවයට පාත්‍ර වූ බවකි. '''විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන්''' වැදි දරු‌වෝ කල් ‌නොයවා ස්වකීය නෑන-හුරා විවාහයන්ට ඇතුළු ‌වෙති. ඔවුන් අතර ස‌හෝදර ස‌හොදරි ව්‍යවාහයන් ‌හෝ විවාහයට ‌පෙර ලිංගිත සම්බන්ධතාවන් සිදු ‌නො‌වේ. විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන් ‌බො‌හෝ ‌සේ ලුහුඩු ය; සරල ය. තරුණ වැදි ‌කොළු‌වෙකු හිතගිය තරුණි‌ය‌ගේ ‌පියාගේ ගෙට පැණි මුලක් හා මස් රැ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ‌යොජනාව පියාට පවසන අතර, පියා විසින් ඇයට නියඳ පට්ටාවලින් ඇඹරූ රෑනක් ‌ගෙන ඔහු‌ගේ ඉණ වටා බඳිනු ලැ‌බේ. එතැන් සිට ‌‌දෙ‌දෙනා අඹු-සැමි‌යෝ ‌වෙති. ඒ රෑණ දිරා ගිය කල්හි, අලුත් නියඳ රෑණක් අඹරා බැඳී‌මේ කාර්යය භාර්ය්‍යාව සතු ‌වෙයි. සාමාන්‍ය‌යෙන් මාමලැත්‌තෝ විසින් බඹර වද ඇති තැනක් පවරා දීමත්, දඩ බල්ලන් සහ දුනු ඊතල දීමත් කරන ලදි. සමහර අවස්ථාවලදි මනමාලයා විසින් මනමාලියට ‌රෙදිපිලි දීම පසුකාලින ව ඇති වූ සිරිකත් බව ‌පෙනේ. විවාහ‌යෙන් පසුව බෑනා මාමා‌ගේ රෑණට එකතුවී, දඩයමට සහයවීම සිඳු ‌වෙයි. එබැවින් වැදි ජනයා අත‌රේ පිරිමි දරුවන්ට වඩා ගැහැණු දරැවන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි ඇල්මක් ඇත. '''දරුදැරි‌යෝ''' විවාහ‌යෙන් පසු, දරු ගැබක් පහළ වූ පසු, වැදි ජනයා අතර ආරක්ෂාවන් සඳහා විවිධ [[අභිචාර]] විධී භාවිතා කරයි. පුරාණ‌යෙදී 'පට්ටා යකා' පූජාවක් කරමින් ගැබ් ආරක්ෂා කළ බව ප්‍රකට ය. ප්‍රසූතිය ගල්‌ලෙනක ‌හෝ පැ‌ලේදී සිඳු විණ. ප්‍රසූති‌යෙන් පසු ව විවිධ මස්-මාශ වර්ග අනුභවය නුසුදුසුයයි පිළි ගැනීමක් විණ. එ‌සේ ම කිරී එරීම සඳහා ම ‌යොග්‍යයයි පිළිගත් අලවර්ග ආහාරයට දීම කරන ලදි. දරුවා හට මසක් තුළ නමක් දුන් අතර, යකුන්‌ගේ ‌දොස් වලින් ආරක්ෂා කර ගැනීමට දරුවා ‌බො‌හෝ විට හඳුන්වනු ලැබු‌වේ විවිධ වූ හුරතල් නම් වලිනි. ඔවුන්‌ගේ නියම නමින් හඳුවන්නට පටන් ගන්‌නේ දරුවා වැඩුණු පසු ය. දරුවන් ‌ගේ වයස අවුරුදු හත පමණ වනතුරැත් ඔවුන් නිර්වස්ත්‍රව සිටිති. වයස අවුරුදු දහය-දො‌ළොහ පමණ වය‌සේ දී දරුවන් විසින් ගල්දුනු භාවිත‌යෙන් කුරුල්ලන් සහ කුඩා සතුන් දඩයම් කරති. දරුවන් වැඩිවියට පැමි‌ණෙත් ම විවිධ දඩයම් කරන ශිල්පයත්, බඹර කැඩී‌මේ ආකාරයත් ඔවුනට කියා ‌දෙනු ලැබේ. ‌මෙ‌සේ වැඩුණු පිරිමි දරුවන් දඩයම් සහ බඹර කැඩී‌මේ දී හවුල් කර ගන්‌නේ එකී කුසලතා වර්ධනය කිරීමට ය. වැදි දැරිවිය මල්වර වූ විට, ඇය [[නුග]] ගසක් ‌වෙතට ‌‌ගොස් ගල් කැටවලින් එයට ගැසීමත්, එය කන වැකුණු මව වතුර කළයක් ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ඇය නහවා, හිසිට පසුපසින් එය බිමට වැටී බිඳී සියලු ‌දොස් දුරු කිරීම හැර ‌වෙනත් වි‌ශේෂිත ‌[[කොටහළු සිරිත්]] නැත. පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් සිංහල මල්වර සිරිත් වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වීම නිසා, මල්වර දැරිය කිළි පැලක වැඩිමහළු කාන්තාවක් හා තැබීම හා ඒ ආශ්‍රිත අභිචාර විධි කිරීම දැන් අපට අසන්නට දක්නිනට ඇත. මරණය වැද්දන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි භිය උපදවන අවස්ථාවකි. එවැන් විට ඔවුහු ගල්‌ලෙන් අතැර යති. ===වැදි බස=== වැදිභාෂාව ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් කළ පර්‌යේෂණයන් ඇසුරින් විලියම් ගයිගර් වියතාණන් දක්වන්‌නේ, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ඇ‌බොරජිනි වැනි ‌‌ගෝත්‍රික ප්‍රජාවක් බවත්, දකුණු ඉන්දියා‌වේ ‌පෞරාණික ‌ගෝත්‍රයන්ට නෑ සබදතාවක් දක්වන ඇති බවත් ය. [[ආරියන්]] සංක්‍රමණයන්ට ‌පෙර පටන් ඔවුහු ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ විසූ ආදිවාසින් වූ අතර, අනාර්ය භාෂාවක් කතා කළ බවකි (Indian Historical Quartely, XI. pp. 515-516). වැද්දන් විසින් වනාතර‌යේ දඩයමට යන අතර භාවිතා කළ රහස් බසක් වශ‌යෙන් ඔවුන්‌ගේ භාෂාව වර්ධනය වන්නට ඇත. අදදු දඩයක්කරුවන් අතර ‌මෙවැනි ‘කැළැ බසක්’ භාවිතා කරන්‌නේ යක්ෂ ‌හෝ දේව බලපැම්වලින් ස්වකීය දඩයම ආරක්ෂා කරගැනීමට ය. මූලීක වශ‌යෙන් [[ආදිවැසියන්]] ‌ලෙස වර්ධනය වූ වැද්දන්‌ගේ අනාර්ය බස ක්‍රම‌යෙන් [[ආර්යන්]]ගේ පැමිණිම හා සිංහල භාෂාව හා සම්මිශ්‍රණය වි‌මෙන් දැන් භාවිතා කරන ආකෘතියට පරිවර්තනය වන්නට ඇත. ඒ ‌‌සේම, විවිධ අවශ්‍යතාවන්‌ගේ වර්ධනය සමග නව වචන තනා ගැනීම‌ට ‌හෝ ණයට ගැන්නට සිදු විය. ‌මෙ‌සේ විවිධ වූ බලපෑම් නිසාත්, පාසල් අධ්‍යපනය ව්‍යප්ත වීම නිසාත් ක්‍රම‌යෙන් පුරාණ වැදිබස අභාවයට යමින් පවති. ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. ===විශ්වාස=== ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ජන සමාජය]] [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] 5568 2006-06-09T04:50:43Z Ravincaldera 100 /* සම්භවය */ ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. [[image:Ceylon Native Village.jpg|thumb|right|350px| ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ වැදි පවුලක් (1910)]] ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරුවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ: මහා වංශ‌යේ සඳහන් වන පරිදි, [[විජය කුමරු]]වා කු‌වේණිය හා දරුවන් අතහැර දමා, විවහාය සඳහා රාජ කන්‍යවක් ඉන්දියා‌වෙන් ‌ගෙ‌නෙන ලදි. එහි දී [[කු‌වේණිය]] නැවත [[ලංකාපුර‌]]යෙහි ස්වකීය [[යක්ෂ]] ප්‍රජාව ‌වෙත හරවා යවන අතර, එහි දී ඇති වූ දබරයක දී ඇය මරණයට පත්වන්ණි ය. ඇය‌ගේ බාල ‌සො‌හොයුරා පැමිණ දරුවන් හට පලා යමට පවසයි. ඔවුන් සමන්-කුළ ([[සම‌නොළ කන්ද]])ට ‌ගොස් ‌ නැගණී දෙටු ‌සොයුරා හා වාසය ‌කොට, [[මලයා රට]] හෙවත් කදුකර ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජන ප්‍රජාවක් බිහි කළ අතර, ඔවුන් පුලින්දා ‌ලෙස දක්වා ඇත ([[මහාවංශය]] පරි. 7.59-68). පුලින්දන් පිළිබඳ ව සටහනක් තබන ගයිගර් තුමා පවසන්‌නේ, ඔවුන් ‌මේ‌‌ලේජ්‍ය ‌ගෝත්‍රික ප්‍රජාවක් වන්නට ඇති බවත්, පසුව වැද්දන් බවට හඳුන්වන්නට ඇති බවත් ය. ‌‌කොළඹ, කළුතර සහ ගාල්ල ආශ්‍රිත ප්‍රදේශ‌යේ සිට කදුකරය දක්වා ප්‍ර‌දේශය ‘සබරගමුව’ ‌ලෙසින් හදුන්වන අතර, එය ව්‍යුත්පන්න වන්නට ඇත්‌තේ ‘පුලින්ද’ යන්නට සමාන පදයක් වන [[සංස්කෘත]] ‘සබර,’ [[පාලි]] ‘සවර’ ‌මගින් ය. ‌උක්ත නිගමනයට අනුව ම යමින් ශ්‍රී සුමංගල හිමියන් හා බටුවන්තුඩා‌වේ ‌දේවරක්ෂිත පඬිවරයාණන් ඔවුන්‌ගේ [[මහාවංශ]] පරිවර්ත‌යේ ‘පුලින්ද’ වදන ‘වැද්දන්’ වශ‌යෙන් ඍජුව ම දක්වා ඇත. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ [[විජයාගමනයට]] ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්සන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌[[ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ්]] ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිවැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ '[[වන්නියලෑත්තන්]]' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. [[සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌ත]]හි ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌[[හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන්]] ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== වැදිසමාජය තුළ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන ධුරාවලියක් දක්නට නැති තරම් ය. ‌බො‌හෝ විට වැදි රැළක් වැදිනායකයකු යට‌තේ පාලනය විය. ආදිවාසි ජන ප්‍රජාවන්හි දක්නට ඇති ආකාර‌යේ, ‌ගෝත්‍ර අතර ‌වෛරයක් ‌හෝ ‌ගෝත්‍ර සටන් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. එක ම ප්‍ර‌දේශයක වරිග කිහිපයක වැදිජන ප්‍රජාවන් සමාදාන‌යෙන් ජීවත් වුව ද, ප්‍ර‌දේශයට ඇතුල්වීමේ දී විවිධ තහංචි ඔවුනොවුන් අතර විණ. සමහර වැදි වරිග‌යෝ ගඟක් ‌හෝ කැළැ ‌පෙ‌දෙසක් හරහා ‌වෙනත් ප්‍ර‌දේශයන් වලට සංක්‍රමණය වූ හ. ‌මෙ‌සේ ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යෙන් ප්‍ර‌දේශයට වැදි ප්‍රජාවන්‌ගේ ව්‍යාප්තවීම සිඳු වි ය. ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. සී. ජී. සෙල්ග්මාන්ට අනුව වැද්දන්‌‌ගේ වරිග ‌බෙදීම ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් ස්වකීය ‌ගෝත්‍ර‌යෙන් පිට විවහා වීම ‌හෙවත් [[බහිර්‌වෛවාහික]] සහ මාතෘ පාර්ෂව මූලීක, ඌරා සහ ‌මොනරා ආශ්‍රීත ගෝත්‍ර විහ්න ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් ‌ගොඩ නැගුනක් බව ය (C. G. Seligmann, The Vaddas, 1911, p.30.). භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===දිවි‌පෙ‌වෙත=== මුල් කාල‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනප්‍රජාව ගල්‌ලෙන් ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ අතර, පසුව පැල්පත් ආශ්‍රීත ගම්මාන කරා සංක්‍රමණය වන්නට ඇත. [[image:gathering honey.jpg|thumb|left|150px|බඹර පැණි එකතු කරන අනතුරුදායක අවස්ථාවක් (1887)]] ඒවා වැදි ‌කොරටු ‌ලෙසින් හැඳින් වූ අතර, වරින් වර, ආහාර ‌සොයා ගත හැකි පමණට කොරටු‌වෙන් ‌කොරටුවට වැදි ප්‍රජාව සංක්‍රමණය වී‌මේ සිරිතක් විය. පසුකාලීනව ඇති වූ ගම්වැද්‌දෝ ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් හේන් ‌ගොවිතැන ඇසුරු ‌‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුදු, ඔවුන්‌ගේ සාම්ප්‍රදායික දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙත සම්පුර්ණ‌යෙන් ම අත් ‌නොහැරිය හ. වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් දඩයම් කිරී‌මෙන් ජීවත් වූ අතර, ඔවුන්‌ගේ මුලීක ප්‍රවනතාවය වූ‌යේ ‌ගොනා දඩයම් කිරීම ය. ‌ගොනා ගිරි ආශ්‍රිත ව වාසය කළ නිසා වැද්දන් ද ගිරි‌ලෙන් ආශ්‍රිත දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙතකට හුරු වන්නට ඇති බව ‌බො‌හෝ විද්‍යාර්ථයින් විශ්වාස තරති. ‌මෙයට අමතර ව, ඔවුන් ඵල-අල ආහාරයට ගනිමින් ද, වන මී රැස්වන කාලයට මී කැඩි‌මෙන් ද දිවි ‌පෙ‌‌වෙත සරි කර ගත් හ. වැද්දන් ආහාර පුළුස්සා ගැනීම කරන අතර, අලවර්ග ‌‌බො‌හෝවිට උණු අළුපල්‌ලේ ලා තම්බා ගැනීම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. දඩයම් කිරීම හා ආහාර අනුභවය කණ්ඩායමක් වශ‌යෙන් එකට ම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. වැඩිපුර ඇති ආහාර ද්‍රව්‍ය හිඟ කාලයන් සඳහා කල් තබා ගැනීමට මස් වර්ග වියලීම (හෙවත් කරවල කිරීම), එල්ලා දුම්ගැස්ස වීම ‌හෝ මීපැනිවල බහා තැබීම වැනි ක්‍රියාවන් කළ හ. '''රෑ‌‌හේ නායකයා''' වැදි‌ගෝත්‍රය සංවිධානය වන්නේ 'නායකයෙකු' වටා ය. එ‌හෙයින් විවිධ වූ වැදිජනප්‍රජාවන් සඳහා නායක‌යෝ සිටිය හ. එ‌හෙත් පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් වැදි ජනතාව‌ගේ ප්‍රාමාණාත්මක අඩුවීම නිසා සහ ආණ්ඩුව විසින් ඔවුන් වසන ප්‍ර‌දේශ පාලනය නායකයන්ගේ පැවැත්ම ක්‍රමයෙන් නැති ව ගි‌යේ ය. වැදි ප්‍රජා‌වේ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන නායක‌යෙක් ‌‌ලෙස මෑත යුග‌යේ සිටි‌යේ දඹා‌නේ මහාවන්නියලැත්‌‌තෝ ‌හෙවත් තිසාහාමිලැත්‌තෝ ය. ===පවුල් දිවිය=== වැදි ජනයා අතර [[ඥාතීත්වය]] සහ ඔවුන්ට ආමන්ත්‍රණය සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජාව ‌මෙන් ‌‌වෙයි. අප්පිලැත්‌තෝ (පියා), අම්මිලැත්‌තෝ (මව), ආදි වශ‌යෙන් 'ලැත්‌තෝ' යන පාඨය ඥාතිතවයට පසුව ‌යෙදී‌මෙන් ඔවුහු ආමන්ත්‍රණය තනා ගනිති. බිරිද(කුඩ්‌පෙත්ත)ට ‌බො‌හෝ විට, 'නංගිලැත්‌තෝ' යන ‌යෙඳුම ‌යොදනු‌යේ, වැදිජනප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ඇති බෑණා සහ නැනා (ඇවැස්ස හුරා-නෑනා) විවාහයන් නිසා‌වෙන් ය. සිංහල සමාජ‌යේ ‌මෙන් ම, විවාහ සහ ලිංගික සම්බන්ධතා සම්බන්ධ‌යෙන් විවිධ වූ තහංචි පැන වී තිබිණි. නිදසුනක් ‌ලෙස, මාමා සහ නෑනැ අතර, බෑණා සහ නැන්දා අතර ‌මෙන් ම, මවු-පිය පාර්ෂව‌යේ ස‌හෝදරයන් ‌හෝ වියපත් ස‌හෝදර ස‌හෝදරියන් අතරත් විවාහයන් තහනම් විණ. එ‌හෙත් මරණයක දී, මළ ස‌හෝදරිය ‌හෝ ස‌හෝදරයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් සැමියා ‌හෝ බිරිය එකී පවු‌ලේ තව ස‌හෝදරියක් ‌හෝ ස‌හොදරයෙක් විවාහ කර ගැනීම සිඳු විම නිසා, නැවතත් දරුවන් හට ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබිණ. '''පවුල් සම්බන්ධතා''' අඹු-සැමි දිවිය අගය කළ වැදි ජනයා අතර, සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ලැ‌බෙන බහුභාර්යා ‌සේවනය ‌හෝ බහු පුරුෂ ‌සේවනය තබා, පරදාර ‌සේවනය වත් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. විවාහ‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනයා ස්වකීය භාර්යාවන්ට මනා ‌සේ ඇළුම් කළ අතර, එකි‌නෙකාට විශ්වාසවන්ත ‌ලෙස ද ජීවත් විය. එ‌හෙයින් වි‌දේශිය මිශනාරිවරුන් විසින් ‌කෙවල විවහා කුමය ලංකාවට හඳුන්වා දීමට පෙර සිට ම, වැද්දන් අතර ‌කේවල විවාහ ක්‍රමය තිබූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌රේ ගැහැණිය හට මනා ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබුණු අතර, ඇය පවු‌ලේ පළමු ‌කොට, ආහාර‌යෙන් ‌කොටස භුක්ති වින්ද හ. ‌මෙයින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්නේ කාන්තාව වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌‌රේ ‌ගෞවරවයට පාත්‍ර වූ බවකි. '''විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන්''' වැදි දරු‌වෝ කල් ‌නොයවා ස්වකීය නෑන-හුරා විවාහයන්ට ඇතුළු ‌වෙති. ඔවුන් අතර ස‌හෝදර ස‌හොදරි ව්‍යවාහයන් ‌හෝ විවාහයට ‌පෙර ලිංගිත සම්බන්ධතාවන් සිදු ‌නො‌වේ. විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන් ‌බො‌හෝ ‌සේ ලුහුඩු ය; සරල ය. තරුණ වැදි ‌කොළු‌වෙකු හිතගිය තරුණි‌ය‌ගේ ‌පියාගේ ගෙට පැණි මුලක් හා මස් රැ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ‌යොජනාව පියාට පවසන අතර, පියා විසින් ඇයට නියඳ පට්ටාවලින් ඇඹරූ රෑනක් ‌ගෙන ඔහු‌ගේ ඉණ වටා බඳිනු ලැ‌බේ. එතැන් සිට ‌‌දෙ‌දෙනා අඹු-සැමි‌යෝ ‌වෙති. ඒ රෑණ දිරා ගිය කල්හි, අලුත් නියඳ රෑණක් අඹරා බැඳී‌මේ කාර්යය භාර්ය්‍යාව සතු ‌වෙයි. සාමාන්‍ය‌යෙන් මාමලැත්‌තෝ විසින් බඹර වද ඇති තැනක් පවරා දීමත්, දඩ බල්ලන් සහ දුනු ඊතල දීමත් කරන ලදි. සමහර අවස්ථාවලදි මනමාලයා විසින් මනමාලියට ‌රෙදිපිලි දීම පසුකාලින ව ඇති වූ සිරිකත් බව ‌පෙනේ. විවාහ‌යෙන් පසුව බෑනා මාමා‌ගේ රෑණට එකතුවී, දඩයමට සහයවීම සිඳු ‌වෙයි. එබැවින් වැදි ජනයා අත‌රේ පිරිමි දරුවන්ට වඩා ගැහැණු දරැවන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි ඇල්මක් ඇත. '''දරුදැරි‌යෝ''' විවාහ‌යෙන් පසු, දරු ගැබක් පහළ වූ පසු, වැදි ජනයා අතර ආරක්ෂාවන් සඳහා විවිධ [[අභිචාර]] විධී භාවිතා කරයි. පුරාණ‌යෙදී 'පට්ටා යකා' පූජාවක් කරමින් ගැබ් ආරක්ෂා කළ බව ප්‍රකට ය. ප්‍රසූතිය ගල්‌ලෙනක ‌හෝ පැ‌ලේදී සිඳු විණ. ප්‍රසූති‌යෙන් පසු ව විවිධ මස්-මාශ වර්ග අනුභවය නුසුදුසුයයි පිළි ගැනීමක් විණ. එ‌සේ ම කිරී එරීම සඳහා ම ‌යොග්‍යයයි පිළිගත් අලවර්ග ආහාරයට දීම කරන ලදි. දරුවා හට මසක් තුළ නමක් දුන් අතර, යකුන්‌ගේ ‌දොස් වලින් ආරක්ෂා කර ගැනීමට දරුවා ‌බො‌හෝ විට හඳුන්වනු ලැබු‌වේ විවිධ වූ හුරතල් නම් වලිනි. ඔවුන්‌ගේ නියම නමින් හඳුවන්නට පටන් ගන්‌නේ දරුවා වැඩුණු පසු ය. දරුවන් ‌ගේ වයස අවුරුදු හත පමණ වනතුරැත් ඔවුන් නිර්වස්ත්‍රව සිටිති. වයස අවුරුදු දහය-දො‌ළොහ පමණ වය‌සේ දී දරුවන් විසින් ගල්දුනු භාවිත‌යෙන් කුරුල්ලන් සහ කුඩා සතුන් දඩයම් කරති. දරුවන් වැඩිවියට පැමි‌ණෙත් ම විවිධ දඩයම් කරන ශිල්පයත්, බඹර කැඩී‌මේ ආකාරයත් ඔවුනට කියා ‌දෙනු ලැබේ. ‌මෙ‌සේ වැඩුණු පිරිමි දරුවන් දඩයම් සහ බඹර කැඩී‌මේ දී හවුල් කර ගන්‌නේ එකී කුසලතා වර්ධනය කිරීමට ය. වැදි දැරිවිය මල්වර වූ විට, ඇය [[නුග]] ගසක් ‌වෙතට ‌‌ගොස් ගල් කැටවලින් එයට ගැසීමත්, එය කන වැකුණු මව වතුර කළයක් ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ඇය නහවා, හිසිට පසුපසින් එය බිමට වැටී බිඳී සියලු ‌දොස් දුරු කිරීම හැර ‌වෙනත් වි‌ශේෂිත ‌[[කොටහළු සිරිත්]] නැත. පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් සිංහල මල්වර සිරිත් වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වීම නිසා, මල්වර දැරිය කිළි පැලක වැඩිමහළු කාන්තාවක් හා තැබීම හා ඒ ආශ්‍රිත අභිචාර විධි කිරීම දැන් අපට අසන්නට දක්නිනට ඇත. මරණය වැද්දන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි භිය උපදවන අවස්ථාවකි. එවැන් විට ඔවුහු ගල්‌ලෙන් අතැර යති. ===වැදි බස=== වැදිභාෂාව ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් කළ පර්‌යේෂණයන් ඇසුරින් විලියම් ගයිගර් වියතාණන් දක්වන්‌නේ, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ඇ‌බොරජිනි වැනි ‌‌ගෝත්‍රික ප්‍රජාවක් බවත්, දකුණු ඉන්දියා‌වේ ‌පෞරාණික ‌ගෝත්‍රයන්ට නෑ සබදතාවක් දක්වන ඇති බවත් ය. [[ආරියන්]] සංක්‍රමණයන්ට ‌පෙර පටන් ඔවුහු ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ විසූ ආදිවාසින් වූ අතර, අනාර්ය භාෂාවක් කතා කළ බවකි (Indian Historical Quartely, XI. pp. 515-516). වැද්දන් විසින් වනාතර‌යේ දඩයමට යන අතර භාවිතා කළ රහස් බසක් වශ‌යෙන් ඔවුන්‌ගේ භාෂාව වර්ධනය වන්නට ඇත. අදදු දඩයක්කරුවන් අතර ‌මෙවැනි ‘කැළැ බසක්’ භාවිතා කරන්‌නේ යක්ෂ ‌හෝ දේව බලපැම්වලින් ස්වකීය දඩයම ආරක්ෂා කරගැනීමට ය. මූලීක වශ‌යෙන් [[ආදිවැසියන්]] ‌ලෙස වර්ධනය වූ වැද්දන්‌ගේ අනාර්ය බස ක්‍රම‌යෙන් [[ආර්යන්]]ගේ පැමිණිම හා සිංහල භාෂාව හා සම්මිශ්‍රණය වි‌මෙන් දැන් භාවිතා කරන ආකෘතියට පරිවර්තනය වන්නට ඇත. ඒ ‌‌සේම, විවිධ අවශ්‍යතාවන්‌ගේ වර්ධනය සමග නව වචන තනා ගැනීම‌ට ‌හෝ ණයට ගැන්නට සිදු විය. ‌මෙ‌සේ විවිධ වූ බලපෑම් නිසාත්, පාසල් අධ්‍යපනය ව්‍යප්ත වීම නිසාත් ක්‍රම‌යෙන් පුරාණ වැදිබස අභාවයට යමින් පවති. ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. ===විශ්වාස=== ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ජන සමාජය]] [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] 5569 2006-06-09T05:09:27Z Ravincaldera 100 /* පවුල් දිවිය */ ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. [[image:Ceylon Native Village.jpg|thumb|right|350px| ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ වැදි පවුලක් (1910)]] ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරුවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ: මහා වංශ‌යේ සඳහන් වන පරිදි, [[විජය කුමරු]]වා කු‌වේණිය හා දරුවන් අතහැර දමා, විවහාය සඳහා රාජ කන්‍යවක් ඉන්දියා‌වෙන් ‌ගෙ‌නෙන ලදි. එහි දී [[කු‌වේණිය]] නැවත [[ලංකාපුර‌]]යෙහි ස්වකීය [[යක්ෂ]] ප්‍රජාව ‌වෙත හරවා යවන අතර, එහි දී ඇති වූ දබරයක දී ඇය මරණයට පත්වන්ණි ය. ඇය‌ගේ බාල ‌සො‌හොයුරා පැමිණ දරුවන් හට පලා යමට පවසයි. ඔවුන් සමන්-කුළ ([[සම‌නොළ කන්ද]])ට ‌ගොස් ‌ නැගණී දෙටු ‌සොයුරා හා වාසය ‌කොට, [[මලයා රට]] හෙවත් කදුකර ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජන ප්‍රජාවක් බිහි කළ අතර, ඔවුන් පුලින්දා ‌ලෙස දක්වා ඇත ([[මහාවංශය]] පරි. 7.59-68). පුලින්දන් පිළිබඳ ව සටහනක් තබන ගයිගර් තුමා පවසන්‌නේ, ඔවුන් ‌මේ‌‌ලේජ්‍ය ‌ගෝත්‍රික ප්‍රජාවක් වන්නට ඇති බවත්, පසුව වැද්දන් බවට හඳුන්වන්නට ඇති බවත් ය. ‌‌කොළඹ, කළුතර සහ ගාල්ල ආශ්‍රිත ප්‍රදේශ‌යේ සිට කදුකරය දක්වා ප්‍ර‌දේශය ‘සබරගමුව’ ‌ලෙසින් හදුන්වන අතර, එය ව්‍යුත්පන්න වන්නට ඇත්‌තේ ‘පුලින්ද’ යන්නට සමාන පදයක් වන [[සංස්කෘත]] ‘සබර,’ [[පාලි]] ‘සවර’ ‌මගින් ය. ‌උක්ත නිගමනයට අනුව ම යමින් ශ්‍රී සුමංගල හිමියන් හා බටුවන්තුඩා‌වේ ‌දේවරක්ෂිත පඬිවරයාණන් ඔවුන්‌ගේ [[මහාවංශ]] පරිවර්ත‌යේ ‘පුලින්ද’ වදන ‘වැද්දන්’ වශ‌යෙන් ඍජුව ම දක්වා ඇත. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ [[විජයාගමනයට]] ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්සන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌[[ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ්]] ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිවැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ '[[වන්නියලෑත්තන්]]' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. [[සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌ත]]හි ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌[[හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන්]] ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== වැදිසමාජය තුළ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන ධුරාවලියක් දක්නට නැති තරම් ය. ‌බො‌හෝ විට වැදි රැළක් වැදිනායකයකු යට‌තේ පාලනය විය. ආදිවාසි ජන ප්‍රජාවන්හි දක්නට ඇති ආකාර‌යේ, ‌ගෝත්‍ර අතර ‌වෛරයක් ‌හෝ ‌ගෝත්‍ර සටන් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. එක ම ප්‍ර‌දේශයක වරිග කිහිපයක වැදිජන ප්‍රජාවන් සමාදාන‌යෙන් ජීවත් වුව ද, ප්‍ර‌දේශයට ඇතුල්වීමේ දී විවිධ තහංචි ඔවුනොවුන් අතර විණ. සමහර වැදි වරිග‌යෝ ගඟක් ‌හෝ කැළැ ‌පෙ‌දෙසක් හරහා ‌වෙනත් ප්‍ර‌දේශයන් වලට සංක්‍රමණය වූ හ. ‌මෙ‌සේ ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යෙන් ප්‍ර‌දේශයට වැදි ප්‍රජාවන්‌ගේ ව්‍යාප්තවීම සිඳු වි ය. ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. සී. ජී. සෙල්ග්මාන්ට අනුව වැද්දන්‌‌ගේ වරිග ‌බෙදීම ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් ස්වකීය ‌ගෝත්‍ර‌යෙන් පිට විවහා වීම ‌හෙවත් [[බහිර්‌වෛවාහික]] සහ මාතෘ පාර්ෂව මූලීක, ඌරා සහ ‌මොනරා ආශ්‍රීත ගෝත්‍ර විහ්න ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් ‌ගොඩ නැගුනක් බව ය (C. G. Seligmann, The Vaddas, 1911, p.30.). භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===දිවි‌පෙ‌වෙත=== මුල් කාල‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනප්‍රජාව ගල්‌ලෙන් ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ අතර, පසුව පැල්පත් ආශ්‍රීත ගම්මාන කරා සංක්‍රමණය වන්නට ඇත. [[image:gathering honey.jpg|thumb|left|150px|බඹර පැණි එකතු කරන අනතුරුදායක අවස්ථාවක් (1887)]] ඒවා වැදි ‌කොරටු ‌ලෙසින් හැඳින් වූ අතර, වරින් වර, ආහාර ‌සොයා ගත හැකි පමණට කොරටු‌වෙන් ‌කොරටුවට වැදි ප්‍රජාව සංක්‍රමණය වී‌මේ සිරිතක් විය. පසුකාලීනව ඇති වූ ගම්වැද්‌දෝ ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් හේන් ‌ගොවිතැන ඇසුරු ‌‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුදු, ඔවුන්‌ගේ සාම්ප්‍රදායික දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙත සම්පුර්ණ‌යෙන් ම අත් ‌නොහැරිය හ. වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් දඩයම් කිරී‌මෙන් ජීවත් වූ අතර, ඔවුන්‌ගේ මුලීක ප්‍රවනතාවය වූ‌යේ ‌ගොනා දඩයම් කිරීම ය. ‌ගොනා ගිරි ආශ්‍රිත ව වාසය කළ නිසා වැද්දන් ද ගිරි‌ලෙන් ආශ්‍රිත දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙතකට හුරු වන්නට ඇති බව ‌බො‌හෝ විද්‍යාර්ථයින් විශ්වාස තරති. ‌මෙයට අමතර ව, ඔවුන් ඵල-අල ආහාරයට ගනිමින් ද, වන මී රැස්වන කාලයට මී කැඩි‌මෙන් ද දිවි ‌පෙ‌‌වෙත සරි කර ගත් හ. වැද්දන් ආහාර පුළුස්සා ගැනීම කරන අතර, අලවර්ග ‌‌බො‌හෝවිට උණු අළුපල්‌ලේ ලා තම්බා ගැනීම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. දඩයම් කිරීම හා ආහාර අනුභවය කණ්ඩායමක් වශ‌යෙන් එකට ම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. වැඩිපුර ඇති ආහාර ද්‍රව්‍ය හිඟ කාලයන් සඳහා කල් තබා ගැනීමට මස් වර්ග වියලීම (හෙවත් කරවල කිරීම), එල්ලා දුම්ගැස්ස වීම ‌හෝ මීපැනිවල බහා තැබීම වැනි ක්‍රියාවන් කළ හ. '''රෑ‌‌හේ නායකයා''' වැදි‌ගෝත්‍රය සංවිධානය වන්නේ 'නායකයෙකු' වටා ය. එ‌හෙයින් විවිධ වූ වැදිජනප්‍රජාවන් සඳහා නායක‌යෝ සිටිය හ. එ‌හෙත් පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් වැදි ජනතාව‌ගේ ප්‍රාමාණාත්මක අඩුවීම නිසා සහ ආණ්ඩුව විසින් ඔවුන් වසන ප්‍ර‌දේශ පාලනය නායකයන්ගේ පැවැත්ම ක්‍රමයෙන් නැති ව ගි‌යේ ය. වැදි ප්‍රජා‌වේ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන නායක‌යෙක් ‌‌ලෙස මෑත යුග‌යේ සිටි‌යේ දඹා‌නේ මහාවන්නියලැත්‌‌තෝ ‌හෙවත් තිසාහාමිලැත්‌තෝ ය. ===පවුල් දිවිය=== වැදි ජනයා අතර [[ඥාතීත්වය]] සහ ඔවුන්ට ආමන්ත්‍රණය සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජාව ‌මෙන් ‌‌වෙයි. අප්පිලැත්‌තෝ (පියා), අම්මිලැත්‌තෝ (මව), ආදි වශ‌යෙන් 'ලැත්‌තෝ' යන පාඨය ඥාතිතවයට පසුව ‌යෙදී‌මෙන් ඔවුහු ආමන්ත්‍රණය තනා ගනිති. බිරිද(කුඩ්‌පෙත්ත)ට ‌බො‌හෝ විට, 'නංගිලැත්‌තෝ' යන ‌යෙඳුම ‌යොදනු‌යේ, වැදිජනප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ඇති බෑණා සහ නැනා (ඇවැස්ස හුරා-නෑනා) විවාහයන් නිසා‌වෙන් ය. සිංහල සමාජ‌යේ ‌මෙන් ම, විවාහ සහ ලිංගික සම්බන්ධතා සම්බන්ධ‌යෙන් විවිධ වූ තහංචි පැන වී තිබිණි. නිදසුනක් ‌ලෙස, මාමා සහ නෑනැ අතර, බෑණා සහ නැන්දා අතර ‌මෙන් ම, මවු-පිය පාර්ෂව‌යේ ස‌හෝදරයන් ‌හෝ වියපත් ස‌හෝදර ස‌හෝදරියන් අතරත් විවාහයන් තහනම් විණ. එ‌හෙත් මරණයක දී, මළ ස‌හෝදරිය ‌හෝ ස‌හෝදරයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් සැමියා ‌හෝ බිරිය එකී පවු‌ලේ තව ස‌හෝදරියක් ‌හෝ ස‌හොදරයෙක් විවාහ කර ගැනීම සිඳු විම නිසා, නැවතත් දරුවන් හට ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබිණ. '''පවුල් සම්බන්ධතා''' අඹු-සැමි දිවිය අගය කළ වැදි ජනයා අතර, සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ලැ‌බෙන බහුභාර්යා ‌සේවනය ‌හෝ බහු පුරුෂ ‌සේවනය තබා, පරදාර ‌සේවනය වත් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. විවාහ‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනයා ස්වකීය භාර්යාවන්ට මනා ‌සේ ඇළුම් කළ අතර, එකි‌නෙකාට විශ්වාසවන්ත ‌ලෙස ද ජීවත් විය. එ‌හෙයින් වි‌දේශිය මිශනාරිවරුන් විසින් ‌කෙවල විවහා කුමය ලංකාවට හඳුන්වා දීමට පෙර සිට ම, වැද්දන් අතර ‌කේවල විවාහ ක්‍රමය තිබූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌රේ ගැහැණිය හට මනා ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබුණු අතර, ඇය පවු‌ලේ පළමු ‌කොට, ආහාර‌යෙන් ‌කොටස භුක්ති වින්ද හ. ‌මෙයින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්නේ කාන්තාව වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌‌රේ ‌ගෞවරවයට පාත්‍ර වූ බවකි. '''විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන්''' වැදි දරු‌වෝ කල් ‌නොයවා ස්වකීය නෑන-හුරා විවාහයන්ට ඇතුළු ‌වෙති. ඔවුන් අතර ස‌හෝදර ස‌හොදරි ව්‍යවාහයන් ‌හෝ විවාහයට ‌පෙර ලිංගිත සම්බන්ධතාවන් සිදු ‌නො‌වේ. විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන් ‌බො‌හෝ ‌සේ ලුහුඩු ය; සරල ය. තරුණ වැදි ‌කොළු‌වෙකු හිතගිය තරුණි‌ය‌ගේ ‌පියාගේ ගෙට පැණි මුලක් හා මස් රැ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ‌යොජනාව පියාට පවසන අතර, පියා විසින් ඇයට නියඳ පට්ටාවලින් ඇඹරූ රෑනක් ‌ගෙන ඔහු‌ගේ ඉණ වටා බඳිනු ලැ‌බේ. එතැන් සිට ‌‌දෙ‌දෙනා අඹු-සැමි‌යෝ ‌වෙති. ඒ රෑණ දිරා ගිය කල්හි, අලුත් නියඳ රෑණක් අඹරා බැඳී‌මේ කාර්යය භාර්ය්‍යාව සතු ‌වෙයි. සාමාන්‍ය‌යෙන් මාමලැත්‌තෝ විසින් බඹර වද ඇති තැනක් පවරා දීමත්, දඩ බල්ලන් සහ දුනු ඊතල දීමත් කරන ලදි. සමහර අවස්ථාවලදි මනමාලයා විසින් මනමාලියට ‌රෙදිපිලි දීම පසුකාලින ව ඇති වූ සිරිකත් බව ‌පෙනේ. විවාහ‌යෙන් පසුව බෑනා මාමා‌ගේ රෑණට එකතුවී, දඩයමට සහයවීම සිඳු ‌වෙයි. එබැවින් වැදි ජනයා අත‌රේ පිරිමි දරුවන්ට වඩා ගැහැණු දරැවන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි ඇල්මක් ඇත. '''දරුදැරි‌යෝ''' විවාහ‌යෙන් පසු, දරු ගැබක් පහළ වූ පසු, වැදි ජනයා අතර ආරක්ෂාවන් සඳහා විවිධ [[අභිචාර]] විධී භාවිතා කරයි. පුරාණ‌යෙදී 'පට්ටා යකා' පූජාවක් කරමින් ගැබ් ආරක්ෂා කළ බව ප්‍රකට ය. ප්‍රසූතිය ගල්‌ලෙනක ‌හෝ පැ‌ලේදී සිඳු විණ. ප්‍රසූති‌යෙන් පසු ව විවිධ මස්-මාශ වර්ග අනුභවය නුසුදුසුයයි පිළි ගැනීමක් විණ. එ‌සේ ම කිරී එරීම සඳහා ම ‌යොග්‍යයයි පිළිගත් අලවර්ග ආහාරයට දීම කරන ලදි. දරුවා හට මසක් තුළ නමක් දුන් අතර, යකුන්‌ගේ ‌දොස් වලින් ආරක්ෂා කර ගැනීමට දරුවා ‌බො‌හෝ විට හඳුන්වනු ලැබු‌වේ විවිධ වූ හුරතල් නම් වලිනි. ඔවුන්‌ගේ නියම නමින් හඳුවන්නට පටන් ගන්‌නේ දරුවා වැඩුණු පසු ය. දරුවන් ‌ගේ වයස අවුරුදු හත පමණ වනතුරැත් ඔවුන් නිර්වස්ත්‍රව සිටිති. වයස අවුරුදු දහය-දො‌ළොහ පමණ වය‌සේ දී දරුවන් විසින් ගල්දුනු භාවිත‌යෙන් කුරුල්ලන් සහ කුඩා සතුන් දඩයම් කරති. දරුවන් වැඩිවියට පැමි‌ණෙත් ම විවිධ දඩයම් කරන ශිල්පයත්, බඹර කැඩී‌මේ ආකාරයත් ඔවුනට කියා ‌දෙනු ලැබේ. ‌මෙ‌සේ වැඩුණු පිරිමි දරුවන් දඩයම් සහ බඹර කැඩී‌මේ දී හවුල් කර ගන්‌නේ එකී කුසලතා වර්ධනය කිරීමට ය. වැදි දැරිවිය මල්වර වූ විට, ඇය [[නුග]] ගසක් ‌වෙතට ‌‌ගොස් ගල් කැටවලින් එයට ගැසීමත්, එය කන වැකුණු මව වතුර කළයක් ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ඇය නහවා, හිසිට පසුපසින් එය බිමට වැටී බිඳී සියලු ‌දොස් දුරු කිරීම හැර ‌වෙනත් වි‌ශේෂිත ‌[[කොටහළු සිරිත්]] නැත. පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් සිංහල මල්වර සිරිත් වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වීම නිසා, මල්වර දැරිය කිළි පැලක වැඩිමහළු කාන්තාවක් හා තැබීම හා ඒ ආශ්‍රිත අභිචාර විධි කිරීම දැන් අපට අසන්නට දක්නිනට ඇත. මරණය වැද්දන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි භිය උපදවන අවස්ථාවකි. එවැන් විට ඔවුහු ගල්‌ලෙන් අතැර යති. එ‌සේ කරනු‌යේ, මළ පුද්ගලයන් ඔවුන් හඹා එනු ඇතයි බි‌යෙනි. වැද්දන් විශ්වාස කරන පරිදි, මරණ‌යෙන් පසු ස්වකිය ඥාතියා නෑ ය‌කෙකු කිරීමට, දින කිහිපයක් මළ පුද්ගලයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් පුද පූජා පවත්වති. '''බාහිර සම්බන්ධතා''' ‌රොබට් ‌‌‌නොක්ස් පවසන පරිදි, ඔවුන් මුව දඩය‌මෙහි සහ දුම් ගැස්සවීම් කිරීම් තුළින් වියලා ගැනීම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. සිංහල මිනිස්සු දඩමස් ලබා ගැනීමට වැද්දන් ‌වෙත පැමිණිය හ. රජු‌ගේ කෑම ‌මේසයට සඩමස් සැපයීම කාර්‌යේ ද නිරිත විය. ඒවාට අමතර ව, රජු හට ඇත්දළ සැපයීම ද, මී පැණි සහ මී ඉටි සැපයීම ද කරන ලදි. රජු ද ඔවුන්ට ප්‍රත්‍යුපකාර වශ‌යෙන් වැද්දන් හට ‌රෙදිපිළි සහ ඊතල ආදිය දුන්‌නේ ය. ‌රොබට් ‌නොක්ස්‌ගේ වාර්තාවට අනුව වැද්‌දෝ වරක් රජුට එ‌රෙහිව පැමිණි යුද්ධවලදී සටන් කළ හ. එ‌සේම, ඔවුහු ඔවුන්ට අයිති ප්‍ර‌දේශ ආරක්ෂා කරමින් රජුට ද වක්‍රාකාර ව ආරක්ෂාව සපයන ලදී. ===වැදි බස=== වැදිභාෂාව ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් කළ පර්‌යේෂණයන් ඇසුරින් විලියම් ගයිගර් වියතාණන් දක්වන්‌නේ, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ඇ‌බොරජිනි වැනි ‌‌ගෝත්‍රික ප්‍රජාවක් බවත්, දකුණු ඉන්දියා‌වේ ‌පෞරාණික ‌ගෝත්‍රයන්ට නෑ සබදතාවක් දක්වන ඇති බවත් ය. [[ආරියන්]] සංක්‍රමණයන්ට ‌පෙර පටන් ඔවුහු ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ විසූ ආදිවාසින් වූ අතර, අනාර්ය භාෂාවක් කතා කළ බවකි (Indian Historical Quartely, XI. pp. 515-516). වැද්දන් විසින් වනාතර‌යේ දඩයමට යන අතර භාවිතා කළ රහස් බසක් වශ‌යෙන් ඔවුන්‌ගේ භාෂාව වර්ධනය වන්නට ඇත. අදදු දඩයක්කරුවන් අතර ‌මෙවැනි ‘කැළැ බසක්’ භාවිතා කරන්‌නේ යක්ෂ ‌හෝ දේව බලපැම්වලින් ස්වකීය දඩයම ආරක්ෂා කරගැනීමට ය. මූලීක වශ‌යෙන් [[ආදිවැසියන්]] ‌ලෙස වර්ධනය වූ වැද්දන්‌ගේ අනාර්ය බස ක්‍රම‌යෙන් [[ආර්යන්]]ගේ පැමිණිම හා සිංහල භාෂාව හා සම්මිශ්‍රණය වි‌මෙන් දැන් භාවිතා කරන ආකෘතියට පරිවර්තනය වන්නට ඇත. ඒ ‌‌සේම, විවිධ අවශ්‍යතාවන්‌ගේ වර්ධනය සමග නව වචන තනා ගැනීම‌ට ‌හෝ ණයට ගැන්නට සිදු විය. ‌මෙ‌සේ විවිධ වූ බලපෑම් නිසාත්, පාසල් අධ්‍යපනය ව්‍යප්ත වීම නිසාත් ක්‍රම‌යෙන් පුරාණ වැදිබස අභාවයට යමින් පවති. ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. ===විශ්වාස=== ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ජන සමාජය]] [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] 5570 2006-06-09T05:38:00Z Ravincaldera 100 ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. [[image:Ceylon Native Village.jpg|thumb|right|350px| ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ වැදි පවුලක් (1910)]] ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරුවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ: මහා වංශ‌යේ සඳහන් වන පරිදි, [[විජය කුමරු]]වා කු‌වේණිය හා දරුවන් අතහැර දමා, විවහාය සඳහා රාජ කන්‍යවක් ඉන්දියා‌වෙන් ‌ගෙ‌නෙන ලදි. එහි දී [[කු‌වේණිය]] නැවත [[ලංකාපුර‌]]යෙහි ස්වකීය [[යක්ෂ]] ප්‍රජාව ‌වෙත හරවා යවන අතර, එහි දී ඇති වූ දබරයක දී ඇය මරණයට පත්වන්ණි ය. ඇය‌ගේ බාල ‌සො‌හොයුරා පැමිණ දරුවන් හට පලා යමට පවසයි. ඔවුන් සමන්-කුළ ([[සම‌නොළ කන්ද]])ට ‌ගොස් ‌ නැගණී දෙටු ‌සොයුරා හා වාසය ‌කොට, [[මලයා රට]] හෙවත් කදුකර ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජන ප්‍රජාවක් බිහි කළ අතර, ඔවුන් පුලින්දා ‌ලෙස දක්වා ඇත ([[මහාවංශය]] පරි. 7.59-68). පුලින්දන් පිළිබඳ ව සටහනක් තබන ගයිගර් තුමා පවසන්‌නේ, ඔවුන් ‌මේ‌‌ලේජ්‍ය ‌ගෝත්‍රික ප්‍රජාවක් වන්නට ඇති බවත්, පසුව වැද්දන් බවට හඳුන්වන්නට ඇති බවත් ය. ‌‌කොළඹ, කළුතර සහ ගාල්ල ආශ්‍රිත ප්‍රදේශ‌යේ සිට කදුකරය දක්වා ප්‍ර‌දේශය ‘සබරගමුව’ ‌ලෙසින් හදුන්වන අතර, එය ව්‍යුත්පන්න වන්නට ඇත්‌තේ ‘පුලින්ද’ යන්නට සමාන පදයක් වන [[සංස්කෘත]] ‘සබර,’ [[පාලි]] ‘සවර’ ‌මගින් ය. ‌උක්ත නිගමනයට අනුව ම යමින් ශ්‍රී සුමංගල හිමියන් හා බටුවන්තුඩා‌වේ ‌දේවරක්ෂිත පඬිවරයාණන් ඔවුන්‌ගේ [[මහාවංශ]] පරිවර්ත‌යේ ‘පුලින්ද’ වදන ‘වැද්දන්’ වශ‌යෙන් ඍජුව ම දක්වා ඇත. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ [[විජයාගමනයට]] ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්සන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌[[ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ්]] ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිවැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ '[[වන්නියලෑත්තන්]]' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. [[සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌ත]]හි ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌[[හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන්]] ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== වැදිසමාජය තුළ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන ධුරාවලියක් දක්නට නැති තරම් ය. ‌බො‌හෝ විට වැදි රැළක් වැදිනායකයකු යට‌තේ පාලනය විය. ආදිවාසි ජන ප්‍රජාවන්හි දක්නට ඇති ආකාර‌යේ, ‌ගෝත්‍ර අතර ‌වෛරයක් ‌හෝ ‌ගෝත්‍ර සටන් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. එක ම ප්‍ර‌දේශයක වරිග කිහිපයක වැදිජන ප්‍රජාවන් සමාදාන‌යෙන් ජීවත් වුව ද, ප්‍ර‌දේශයට ඇතුල්වීමේ දී විවිධ තහංචි ඔවුනොවුන් අතර විණ. සමහර වැදි වරිග‌යෝ ගඟක් ‌හෝ කැළැ ‌පෙ‌දෙසක් හරහා ‌වෙනත් ප්‍ර‌දේශයන් වලට සංක්‍රමණය වූ හ. ‌මෙ‌සේ ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යෙන් ප්‍ර‌දේශයට වැදි ප්‍රජාවන්‌ගේ ව්‍යාප්තවීම සිඳු වි ය. ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. සී. ජී. සෙල්ග්මාන්ට අනුව වැද්දන්‌‌ගේ වරිග ‌බෙදීම ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් ස්වකීය ‌ගෝත්‍ර‌යෙන් පිට විවහා වීම ‌හෙවත් [[බහිර්‌වෛවාහික]] සහ මාතෘ පාර්ෂව මූලීක, ඌරා සහ ‌මොනරා ආශ්‍රීත ගෝත්‍ර විහ්න ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් ‌ගොඩ නැගුනක් බව ය (C. G. Seligmann, The Vaddas, 1911, p.30.). භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===දිවි‌පෙ‌වෙත=== මුල් කාල‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනප්‍රජාව ගල්‌ලෙන් ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ අතර, පසුව පැල්පත් ආශ්‍රීත ගම්මාන කරා සංක්‍රමණය වන්නට ඇත. [[image:gathering honey.jpg|thumb|left|150px|බඹර පැණි එකතු කරන අනතුරුදායක අවස්ථාවක් (1887)]] ඒවා වැදි ‌කොරටු ‌ලෙසින් හැඳින් වූ අතර, වරින් වර, ආහාර ‌සොයා ගත හැකි පමණට කොරටු‌වෙන් ‌කොරටුවට වැදි ප්‍රජාව සංක්‍රමණය වී‌මේ සිරිතක් විය. පසුකාලීනව ඇති වූ ගම්වැද්‌දෝ ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් හේන් ‌ගොවිතැන ඇසුරු ‌‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුදු, ඔවුන්‌ගේ සාම්ප්‍රදායික දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙත සම්පුර්ණ‌යෙන් ම අත් ‌නොහැරිය හ. වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් දඩයම් කිරී‌මෙන් ජීවත් වූ අතර, ඔවුන්‌ගේ මුලීක ප්‍රවනතාවය වූ‌යේ ‌ගොනා දඩයම් කිරීම ය. ‌ගොනා ගිරි ආශ්‍රිත ව වාසය කළ නිසා වැද්දන් ද ගිරි‌ලෙන් ආශ්‍රිත දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙතකට හුරු වන්නට ඇති බව ‌බො‌හෝ විද්‍යාර්ථයින් විශ්වාස තරති. ‌මෙයට අමතර ව, ඔවුන් ඵල-අල ආහාරයට ගනිමින් ද, වන මී රැස්වන කාලයට මී කැඩි‌මෙන් ද දිවි ‌පෙ‌‌වෙත සරි කර ගත් හ. වැද්දන් ආහාර පුළුස්සා ගැනීම කරන අතර, අලවර්ග ‌‌බො‌හෝවිට උණු අළුපල්‌ලේ ලා තම්බා ගැනීම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. දඩයම් කිරීම හා ආහාර අනුභවය කණ්ඩායමක් වශ‌යෙන් එකට ම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. වැඩිපුර ඇති ආහාර ද්‍රව්‍ය හිඟ කාලයන් සඳහා කල් තබා ගැනීමට මස් වර්ග වියලීම (හෙවත් කරවල කිරීම), එල්ලා දුම්ගැස්ස වීම ‌හෝ මීපැනිවල බහා තැබීම වැනි ක්‍රියාවන් කළ හ. '''රෑ‌‌හේ නායකයා''' වැදි‌ගෝත්‍රය සංවිධානය වන්නේ 'නායකයෙකු' වටා ය. එ‌හෙයින් විවිධ වූ වැදිජනප්‍රජාවන් සඳහා නායක‌යෝ සිටිය හ. එ‌හෙත් පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් වැදි ජනතාව‌ගේ ප්‍රාමාණාත්මක අඩුවීම නිසා සහ ආණ්ඩුව විසින් ඔවුන් වසන ප්‍ර‌දේශ පාලනය නායකයන්ගේ පැවැත්ම ක්‍රමයෙන් නැති ව ගි‌යේ ය. වැදි ප්‍රජා‌වේ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන නායක‌යෙක් ‌‌ලෙස මෑත යුග‌යේ සිටි‌යේ දඹා‌නේ මහාවන්නියලැත්‌‌තෝ ‌හෙවත් තිසාහාමිලැත්‌තෝ ය. ===පවුල් දිවිය=== වැදි ජනයා අතර [[ඥාතීත්වය]] සහ ඔවුන්ට ආමන්ත්‍රණය සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජාව ‌මෙන් ‌‌වෙයි. අප්පිලැත්‌තෝ (පියා), අම්මිලැත්‌තෝ (මව), ආදි වශ‌යෙන් 'ලැත්‌තෝ' යන පාඨය ඥාතිතවයට පසුව ‌යෙදී‌මෙන් ඔවුහු ආමන්ත්‍රණය තනා ගනිති. බිරිද(කුඩ්‌පෙත්ත)ට ‌බො‌හෝ විට, 'නංගිලැත්‌තෝ' යන ‌යෙඳුම ‌යොදනු‌යේ, වැදිජනප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ඇති බෑණා සහ නැනා (ඇවැස්ස හුරා-නෑනා) විවාහයන් නිසා‌වෙන් ය. සිංහල සමාජ‌යේ ‌මෙන් ම, විවාහ සහ ලිංගික සම්බන්ධතා සම්බන්ධ‌යෙන් විවිධ වූ තහංචි පැන වී තිබිණි. නිදසුනක් ‌ලෙස, මාමා සහ නෑනැ අතර, බෑණා සහ නැන්දා අතර ‌මෙන් ම, මවු-පිය පාර්ෂව‌යේ ස‌හෝදරයන් ‌හෝ වියපත් ස‌හෝදර ස‌හෝදරියන් අතරත් විවාහයන් තහනම් විණ. එ‌හෙත් මරණයක දී, මළ ස‌හෝදරිය ‌හෝ ස‌හෝදරයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් සැමියා ‌හෝ බිරිය එකී පවු‌ලේ තව ස‌හෝදරියක් ‌හෝ ස‌හොදරයෙක් විවාහ කර ගැනීම සිඳු විම නිසා, නැවතත් දරුවන් හට ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබිණ. [[image:Vaddas Family.jpg|thumb|right|150px| වැදි දරුදැරි‌යෝ]] '''පවුල් සම්බන්ධතා''' අඹු-සැමි දිවිය අගය කළ වැදි ජනයා අතර, සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ලැ‌බෙන බහුභාර්යා ‌සේවනය ‌හෝ බහු පුරුෂ ‌සේවනය තබා, පරදාර ‌සේවනය වත් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. විවාහ‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනයා ස්වකීය භාර්යාවන්ට මනා ‌සේ ඇළුම් කළ අතර, එකි‌නෙකාට විශ්වාසවන්ත ‌ලෙස ද ජීවත් විය. එ‌හෙයින් වි‌දේශිය මිශනාරිවරුන් විසින් ‌කෙවල විවහා කුමය ලංකාවට හඳුන්වා දීමට පෙර සිට ම, වැද්දන් අතර ‌කේවල විවාහ ක්‍රමය තිබූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌රේ ගැහැණිය හට මනා ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබුණු අතර, ඇය පවු‌ලේ පළමු ‌කොට, ආහාර‌යෙන් ‌කොටස භුක්ති වින්ද හ. ‌මෙයින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්නේ කාන්තාව වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌‌රේ ‌ගෞවරවයට පාත්‍ර වූ බවකි. '''විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන්''' වැදි දරු‌වෝ කල් ‌නොයවා ස්වකීය නෑන-හුරා විවාහයන්ට ඇතුළු ‌වෙති. ඔවුන් අතර ස‌හෝදර ස‌හොදරි ව්‍යවාහයන් ‌හෝ විවාහයට ‌පෙර ලිංගිත සම්බන්ධතාවන් සිදු ‌නො‌වේ. විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන් ‌බො‌හෝ ‌සේ ලුහුඩු ය; සරල ය. තරුණ වැදි ‌කොළු‌වෙකු හිතගිය තරුණි‌ය‌ගේ ‌පියාගේ ගෙට පැණි මුලක් හා මස් රැ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ‌යොජනාව පියාට පවසන අතර, පියා විසින් ඇයට නියඳ පට්ටාවලින් ඇඹරූ රෑනක් ‌ගෙන ඔහු‌ගේ ඉණ වටා බඳිනු ලැ‌බේ. එතැන් සිට ‌‌දෙ‌දෙනා අඹු-සැමි‌යෝ ‌වෙති. ඒ රෑණ දිරා ගිය කල්හි, අලුත් නියඳ රෑණක් අඹරා බැඳී‌මේ කාර්යය භාර්ය්‍යාව සතු ‌වෙයි. සාමාන්‍ය‌යෙන් මාමලැත්‌තෝ විසින් බඹර වද ඇති තැනක් පවරා දීමත්, දඩ බල්ලන් සහ දුනු ඊතල දීමත් කරන ලදි. සමහර අවස්ථාවලදි මනමාලයා විසින් මනමාලියට ‌රෙදිපිලි දීම පසුකාලින ව ඇති වූ සිරිකත් බව ‌පෙනේ. විවාහ‌යෙන් පසුව බෑනා මාමා‌ගේ රෑණට එකතුවී, දඩයමට සහයවීම සිඳු ‌වෙයි. එබැවින් වැදි ජනයා අත‌රේ පිරිමි දරුවන්ට වඩා ගැහැණු දරැවන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි ඇල්මක් ඇත. '''දරුදැරි‌යෝ''' විවාහ‌යෙන් පසු, දරු ගැබක් පහළ වූ පසු, වැදි ජනයා අතර ආරක්ෂාවන් සඳහා විවිධ [[අභිචාර]] විධී භාවිතා කරයි. පුරාණ‌යෙදී 'පට්ටා යකා' පූජාවක් කරමින් ගැබ් ආරක්ෂා කළ බව ප්‍රකට ය. ප්‍රසූතිය ගල්‌ලෙනක ‌හෝ පැ‌ලේදී සිඳු විණ. ප්‍රසූති‌යෙන් පසු ව විවිධ මස්-මාශ වර්ග අනුභවය නුසුදුසුයයි පිළි ගැනීමක් විණ. එ‌සේ ම කිරී එරීම සඳහා ම ‌යොග්‍යයයි පිළිගත් අලවර්ග ආහාරයට දීම කරන ලදි. දරුවා හට මසක් තුළ නමක් දුන් අතර, යකුන්‌ගේ ‌දොස් වලින් ආරක්ෂා කර ගැනීමට දරුවා ‌බො‌හෝ විට හඳුන්වනු ලැබු‌වේ විවිධ වූ හුරතල් නම් වලිනි. ඔවුන්‌ගේ නියම නමින් හඳුවන්නට පටන් ගන්‌නේ දරුවා වැඩුණු පසු ය. දරුවන් ‌ගේ වයස අවුරුදු හත පමණ වනතුරැත් ඔවුන් නිර්වස්ත්‍රව සිටිති. වයස අවුරුදු දහය-දො‌ළොහ පමණ වය‌සේ දී දරුවන් විසින් ගල්දුනු භාවිත‌යෙන් කුරුල්ලන් සහ කුඩා සතුන් දඩයම් කරති. දරුවන් වැඩිවියට පැමි‌ණෙත් ම විවිධ දඩයම් කරන ශිල්පයත්, බඹර කැඩී‌මේ ආකාරයත් ඔවුනට කියා ‌දෙනු ලැබේ. ‌මෙ‌සේ වැඩුණු පිරිමි දරුවන් දඩයම් සහ බඹර කැඩී‌මේ දී හවුල් කර ගන්‌නේ එකී කුසලතා වර්ධනය කිරීමට ය. වැදි දැරිවිය මල්වර වූ විට, ඇය [[නුග]] ගසක් ‌වෙතට ‌‌ගොස් ගල් කැටවලින් එයට ගැසීමත්, එය කන වැකුණු මව වතුර කළයක් ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ඇය නහවා, හිසිට පසුපසින් එය බිමට වැටී බිඳී සියලු ‌දොස් දුරු කිරීම හැර ‌වෙනත් වි‌ශේෂිත ‌[[කොටහළු සිරිත්]] නැත. පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් සිංහල මල්වර සිරිත් වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වීම නිසා, මල්වර දැරිය කිළි පැලක වැඩිමහළු කාන්තාවක් හා තැබීම හා ඒ ආශ්‍රිත අභිචාර විධි කිරීම දැන් අපට අසන්නට දක්නිනට ඇත. මරණය වැද්දන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි භිය උපදවන අවස්ථාවකි. එවැන් විට ඔවුහු ගල්‌ලෙන් අතැර යති. එ‌සේ කරනු‌යේ, මළ පුද්ගලයන් ඔවුන් හඹා එනු ඇතයි බි‌යෙනි. වැද්දන් විශ්වාස කරන පරිදි, මරණ‌යෙන් පසු ස්වකිය ඥාතියා නෑ ය‌කෙකු කිරීමට, දින කිහිපයක් මළ පුද්ගලයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් පුද පූජා පවත්වති. '''බාහිර සම්බන්ධතා''' ‌රොබට් ‌‌‌නොක්ස් පවසන පරිදි, ඔවුන් මුව දඩය‌මෙහි සහ දුම් ගැස්සවීම් කිරීම් තුළින් වියලා ගැනීම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. සිංහල මිනිස්සු දඩමස් ලබා ගැනීමට වැද්දන් ‌වෙත පැමිණිය හ. රජු‌ගේ කෑම ‌මේසයට සඩමස් සැපයීම කාර්‌යේ ද නිරිත විය. ඒවාට අමතර ව, රජු හට ඇත්දළ සැපයීම ද, මී පැණි සහ මී ඉටි සැපයීම ද කරන ලදි. රජු ද ඔවුන්ට ප්‍රත්‍යුපකාර වශ‌යෙන් වැද්දන් හට ‌රෙදිපිළි සහ ඊතල ආදිය දුන්‌නේ ය. ‌රොබට් ‌නොක්ස්‌ගේ වාර්තාවට අනුව වැද්‌දෝ වරක් රජුට එ‌රෙහිව පැමිණි යුද්ධවලදී සටන් කළ හ. එ‌සේම, ඔවුහු ඔවුන්ට අයිති ප්‍ර‌දේශ ආරක්ෂා කරමින් රජුට ද වක්‍රාකාර ව ආරක්ෂාව සපයන ලදී. ===වැදි බස=== වැදිභාෂාව ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් කළ පර්‌යේෂණයන් ඇසුරින් විලියම් ගයිගර් වියතාණන් දක්වන්‌නේ, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ඇ‌බොරජිනි වැනි ‌‌ගෝත්‍රික ප්‍රජාවක් බවත්, දකුණු ඉන්දියා‌වේ ‌පෞරාණික ‌ගෝත්‍රයන්ට නෑ සබදතාවක් දක්වන ඇති බවත් ය. [[ආරියන්]] සංක්‍රමණයන්ට ‌පෙර පටන් ඔවුහු ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ විසූ ආදිවාසින් වූ අතර, අනාර්ය භාෂාවක් කතා කළ බවකි (Indian Historical Quartely, XI. pp. 515-516). වැද්දන් විසින් වනාතර‌යේ දඩයමට යන අතර භාවිතා කළ රහස් බසක් වශ‌යෙන් ඔවුන්‌ගේ භාෂාව වර්ධනය වන්නට ඇත. අදදු දඩයක්කරුවන් අතර ‌මෙවැනි ‘කැළැ බසක්’ භාවිතා කරන්‌නේ යක්ෂ ‌හෝ දේව බලපැම්වලින් ස්වකීය දඩයම ආරක්ෂා කරගැනීමට ය. මූලීක වශ‌යෙන් [[ආදිවැසියන්]] ‌ලෙස වර්ධනය වූ වැද්දන්‌ගේ අනාර්ය බස ක්‍රම‌යෙන් [[ආර්යන්]]ගේ පැමිණිම හා සිංහල භාෂාව හා සම්මිශ්‍රණය වි‌මෙන් දැන් භාවිතා කරන ආකෘතියට පරිවර්තනය වන්නට ඇත. ඒ ‌‌සේම, විවිධ අවශ්‍යතාවන්‌ගේ වර්ධනය සමග නව වචන තනා ගැනීම‌ට ‌හෝ ණයට ගැන්නට සිදු විය. ‌මෙ‌සේ විවිධ වූ බලපෑම් නිසාත්, පාසල් අධ්‍යපනය ව්‍යප්ත වීම නිසාත් ක්‍රම‌යෙන් පුරාණ වැදිබස අභාවයට යමින් පවති. ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. ===විශ්වාස=== ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ජන සමාජය]] [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] 5572 2006-06-09T05:40:27Z Ravincaldera 100 /* පවුල් දිවිය */ ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. [[image:Ceylon Native Village.jpg|thumb|right|350px| ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ වැදි පවුලක් (1910)]] ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරුවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ: මහා වංශ‌යේ සඳහන් වන පරිදි, [[විජය කුමරු]]වා කු‌වේණිය හා දරුවන් අතහැර දමා, විවහාය සඳහා රාජ කන්‍යවක් ඉන්දියා‌වෙන් ‌ගෙ‌නෙන ලදි. එහි දී [[කු‌වේණිය]] නැවත [[ලංකාපුර‌]]යෙහි ස්වකීය [[යක්ෂ]] ප්‍රජාව ‌වෙත හරවා යවන අතර, එහි දී ඇති වූ දබරයක දී ඇය මරණයට පත්වන්ණි ය. ඇය‌ගේ බාල ‌සො‌හොයුරා පැමිණ දරුවන් හට පලා යමට පවසයි. ඔවුන් සමන්-කුළ ([[සම‌නොළ කන්ද]])ට ‌ගොස් ‌ නැගණී දෙටු ‌සොයුරා හා වාසය ‌කොට, [[මලයා රට]] හෙවත් කදුකර ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජන ප්‍රජාවක් බිහි කළ අතර, ඔවුන් පුලින්දා ‌ලෙස දක්වා ඇත ([[මහාවංශය]] පරි. 7.59-68). පුලින්දන් පිළිබඳ ව සටහනක් තබන ගයිගර් තුමා පවසන්‌නේ, ඔවුන් ‌මේ‌‌ලේජ්‍ය ‌ගෝත්‍රික ප්‍රජාවක් වන්නට ඇති බවත්, පසුව වැද්දන් බවට හඳුන්වන්නට ඇති බවත් ය. ‌‌කොළඹ, කළුතර සහ ගාල්ල ආශ්‍රිත ප්‍රදේශ‌යේ සිට කදුකරය දක්වා ප්‍ර‌දේශය ‘සබරගමුව’ ‌ලෙසින් හදුන්වන අතර, එය ව්‍යුත්පන්න වන්නට ඇත්‌තේ ‘පුලින්ද’ යන්නට සමාන පදයක් වන [[සංස්කෘත]] ‘සබර,’ [[පාලි]] ‘සවර’ ‌මගින් ය. ‌උක්ත නිගමනයට අනුව ම යමින් ශ්‍රී සුමංගල හිමියන් හා බටුවන්තුඩා‌වේ ‌දේවරක්ෂිත පඬිවරයාණන් ඔවුන්‌ගේ [[මහාවංශ]] පරිවර්ත‌යේ ‘පුලින්ද’ වදන ‘වැද්දන්’ වශ‌යෙන් ඍජුව ම දක්වා ඇත. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ [[විජයාගමනයට]] ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්සන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌[[ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ්]] ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිවැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ '[[වන්නියලෑත්තන්]]' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. [[සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌ත]]හි ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌[[හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන්]] ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== වැදිසමාජය තුළ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන ධුරාවලියක් දක්නට නැති තරම් ය. ‌බො‌හෝ විට වැදි රැළක් වැදිනායකයකු යට‌තේ පාලනය විය. ආදිවාසි ජන ප්‍රජාවන්හි දක්නට ඇති ආකාර‌යේ, ‌ගෝත්‍ර අතර ‌වෛරයක් ‌හෝ ‌ගෝත්‍ර සටන් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. එක ම ප්‍ර‌දේශයක වරිග කිහිපයක වැදිජන ප්‍රජාවන් සමාදාන‌යෙන් ජීවත් වුව ද, ප්‍ර‌දේශයට ඇතුල්වීමේ දී විවිධ තහංචි ඔවුනොවුන් අතර විණ. සමහර වැදි වරිග‌යෝ ගඟක් ‌හෝ කැළැ ‌පෙ‌දෙසක් හරහා ‌වෙනත් ප්‍ර‌දේශයන් වලට සංක්‍රමණය වූ හ. ‌මෙ‌සේ ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යෙන් ප්‍ර‌දේශයට වැදි ප්‍රජාවන්‌ගේ ව්‍යාප්තවීම සිඳු වි ය. ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. සී. ජී. සෙල්ග්මාන්ට අනුව වැද්දන්‌‌ගේ වරිග ‌බෙදීම ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් ස්වකීය ‌ගෝත්‍ර‌යෙන් පිට විවහා වීම ‌හෙවත් [[බහිර්‌වෛවාහික]] සහ මාතෘ පාර්ෂව මූලීක, ඌරා සහ ‌මොනරා ආශ්‍රීත ගෝත්‍ර විහ්න ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් ‌ගොඩ නැගුනක් බව ය (C. G. Seligmann, The Vaddas, 1911, p.30.). භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===දිවි‌පෙ‌වෙත=== මුල් කාල‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනප්‍රජාව ගල්‌ලෙන් ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ අතර, පසුව පැල්පත් ආශ්‍රීත ගම්මාන කරා සංක්‍රමණය වන්නට ඇත. [[image:gathering honey.jpg|thumb|left|150px|බඹර පැණි එකතු කරන අනතුරුදායක අවස්ථාවක් (1887)]] ඒවා වැදි ‌කොරටු ‌ලෙසින් හැඳින් වූ අතර, වරින් වර, ආහාර ‌සොයා ගත හැකි පමණට කොරටු‌වෙන් ‌කොරටුවට වැදි ප්‍රජාව සංක්‍රමණය වී‌මේ සිරිතක් විය. පසුකාලීනව ඇති වූ ගම්වැද්‌දෝ ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් හේන් ‌ගොවිතැන ඇසුරු ‌‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුදු, ඔවුන්‌ගේ සාම්ප්‍රදායික දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙත සම්පුර්ණ‌යෙන් ම අත් ‌නොහැරිය හ. වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් දඩයම් කිරී‌මෙන් ජීවත් වූ අතර, ඔවුන්‌ගේ මුලීක ප්‍රවනතාවය වූ‌යේ ‌ගොනා දඩයම් කිරීම ය. ‌ගොනා ගිරි ආශ්‍රිත ව වාසය කළ නිසා වැද්දන් ද ගිරි‌ලෙන් ආශ්‍රිත දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙතකට හුරු වන්නට ඇති බව ‌බො‌හෝ විද්‍යාර්ථයින් විශ්වාස තරති. ‌මෙයට අමතර ව, ඔවුන් ඵල-අල ආහාරයට ගනිමින් ද, වන මී රැස්වන කාලයට මී කැඩි‌මෙන් ද දිවි ‌පෙ‌‌වෙත සරි කර ගත් හ. වැද්දන් ආහාර පුළුස්සා ගැනීම කරන අතර, අලවර්ග ‌‌බො‌හෝවිට උණු අළුපල්‌ලේ ලා තම්බා ගැනීම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. දඩයම් කිරීම හා ආහාර අනුභවය කණ්ඩායමක් වශ‌යෙන් එකට ම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. වැඩිපුර ඇති ආහාර ද්‍රව්‍ය හිඟ කාලයන් සඳහා කල් තබා ගැනීමට මස් වර්ග වියලීම (හෙවත් කරවල කිරීම), එල්ලා දුම්ගැස්ස වීම ‌හෝ මීපැනිවල බහා තැබීම වැනි ක්‍රියාවන් කළ හ. '''රෑ‌‌හේ නායකයා''' වැදි‌ගෝත්‍රය සංවිධානය වන්නේ 'නායකයෙකු' වටා ය. එ‌හෙයින් විවිධ වූ වැදිජනප්‍රජාවන් සඳහා නායක‌යෝ සිටිය හ. එ‌හෙත් පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් වැදි ජනතාව‌ගේ ප්‍රාමාණාත්මක අඩුවීම නිසා සහ ආණ්ඩුව විසින් ඔවුන් වසන ප්‍ර‌දේශ පාලනය නායකයන්ගේ පැවැත්ම ක්‍රමයෙන් නැති ව ගි‌යේ ය. වැදි ප්‍රජා‌වේ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන නායක‌යෙක් ‌‌ලෙස මෑත යුග‌යේ සිටි‌යේ දඹා‌නේ මහාවන්නියලැත්‌‌තෝ ‌හෙවත් තිසාහාමිලැත්‌තෝ ය. ===පවුල් දිවිය=== වැදි ජනයා අතර [[ඥාතීත්වය]] සහ ඔවුන්ට ආමන්ත්‍රණය සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජාව ‌මෙන් ‌‌වෙයි. අප්පිලැත්‌තෝ (පියා), අම්මිලැත්‌තෝ (මව), ආදි වශ‌යෙන් 'ලැත්‌තෝ' යන පාඨය ඥාතිතවයට පසුව ‌යෙදී‌මෙන් ඔවුහු ආමන්ත්‍රණය තනා ගනිති. බිරිද(කුඩ්‌පෙත්ත)ට ‌බො‌හෝ විට, 'නංගිලැත්‌තෝ' යන ‌යෙඳුම ‌යොදනු‌යේ, වැදිජනප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ඇති බෑණා සහ නැනා (ඇවැස්ස හුරා-නෑනා) විවාහයන් නිසා‌වෙන් ය. සිංහල සමාජ‌යේ ‌මෙන් ම, විවාහ සහ ලිංගික සම්බන්ධතා සම්බන්ධ‌යෙන් විවිධ වූ තහංචි පැන වී තිබිණි. නිදසුනක් ‌ලෙස, මාමා සහ නෑනැ අතර, බෑණා සහ නැන්දා අතර ‌මෙන් ම, මවු-පිය පාර්ෂව‌යේ ස‌හෝදරයන් ‌හෝ වියපත් ස‌හෝදර ස‌හෝදරියන් අතරත් විවාහයන් තහනම් විණ. එ‌හෙත් මරණයක දී, මළ ස‌හෝදරිය ‌හෝ ස‌හෝදරයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් සැමියා ‌හෝ බිරිය එකී පවු‌ලේ තව ස‌හෝදරියක් ‌හෝ ස‌හොදරයෙක් විවාහ කර ගැනීම සිඳු විම නිසා, නැවතත් දරුවන් හට ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබිණ. '''පවුල් සම්බන්ධතා''' අඹු-සැමි දිවිය අගය කළ වැදි ජනයා අතර, සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ලැ‌බෙන බහුභාර්යා ‌සේවනය ‌හෝ බහු පුරුෂ ‌සේවනය තබා, පරදාර ‌සේවනය වත් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. විවාහ‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනයා ස්වකීය භාර්යාවන්ට මනා ‌සේ ඇළුම් කළ අතර, එකි‌නෙකාට විශ්වාසවන්ත ‌ලෙස ද ජීවත් විය. එ‌හෙයින් වි‌දේශිය මිශනාරිවරුන් විසින් ‌කෙවල විවහා කුමය ලංකාවට හඳුන්වා දීමට පෙර සිට ම, වැද්දන් අතර ‌කේවල විවාහ ක්‍රමය තිබූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌රේ ගැහැණිය හට මනා ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබුණු අතර, ඇය පවු‌ලේ පළමු ‌කොට, ආහාර‌යෙන් ‌කොටස භුක්ති වින්ද හ. ‌මෙයින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්නේ කාන්තාව වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌‌රේ ‌ගෞවරවයට පාත්‍ර වූ බවකි. '''විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන්''' වැදි දරු‌වෝ කල් ‌නොයවා ස්වකීය නෑන-හුරා විවාහයන්ට ඇතුළු ‌වෙති. ඔවුන් අතර ස‌හෝදර ස‌හොදරි ව්‍යවාහයන් ‌හෝ විවාහයට ‌පෙර ලිංගිත සම්බන්ධතාවන් සිදු ‌නො‌වේ. විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන් ‌බො‌හෝ ‌සේ ලුහුඩු ය; සරල ය. තරුණ වැදි ‌කොළු‌වෙකු හිතගිය තරුණි‌ය‌ගේ ‌පියාගේ ගෙට පැණි මුලක් හා මස් රැ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ‌යොජනාව පියාට පවසන අතර, පියා විසින් ඇයට නියඳ පට්ටාවලින් ඇඹරූ රෑනක් ‌ගෙන ඔහු‌ගේ ඉණ වටා බඳිනු ලැ‌බේ. එතැන් සිට ‌‌දෙ‌දෙනා අඹු-සැමි‌යෝ ‌වෙති. ඒ රෑණ දිරා ගිය කල්හි, අලුත් නියඳ රෑණක් අඹරා බැඳී‌මේ කාර්යය භාර්ය්‍යාව සතු ‌වෙයි. සාමාන්‍ය‌යෙන් මාමලැත්‌තෝ විසින් බඹර වද ඇති තැනක් පවරා දීමත්, දඩ බල්ලන් සහ දුනු ඊතල දීමත් කරන ලදි. සමහර අවස්ථාවලදි මනමාලයා විසින් මනමාලියට ‌රෙදිපිලි දීම පසුකාලින ව ඇති වූ සිරිකත් බව ‌පෙනේ. විවාහ‌යෙන් පසුව බෑනා මාමා‌ගේ රෑණට එකතුවී, දඩයමට සහයවීම සිඳු ‌වෙයි. එබැවින් වැදි ජනයා අත‌රේ පිරිමි දරුවන්ට වඩා ගැහැණු දරැවන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි ඇල්මක් ඇත. '''දරුදැරි‌යෝ''' විවාහ‌යෙන් පසු, දරු ගැබක් පහළ වූ පසු, වැදි ජනයා අතර ආරක්ෂාවන් සඳහා විවිධ [[අභිචාර]] විධී භාවිතා කරයි. පුරාණ‌යෙදී 'පට්ටා යකා' පූජාවක් කරමින් ගැබ් ආරක්ෂා කළ බව ප්‍රකට ය. ප්‍රසූතිය ගල්‌ලෙනක ‌හෝ පැ‌ලේදී සිඳු විණ. ප්‍රසූති‌යෙන් පසු ව විවිධ මස්-මාශ වර්ග අනුභවය නුසුදුසුයයි පිළි ගැනීමක් විණ. එ‌සේ ම කිරී එරීම සඳහා ම ‌යොග්‍යයයි පිළිගත් අලවර්ග ආහාරයට දීම කරන ලදි. [[image:Vaddas Family.jpg|thumb|right|150px| වැදි දරුදැරි‌යෝ]] දරුවා හට මසක් තුළ නමක් දුන් අතර, යකුන්‌ගේ ‌දොස් වලින් ආරක්ෂා කර ගැනීමට දරුවා ‌බො‌හෝ විට හඳුන්වනු ලැබු‌වේ විවිධ වූ හුරතල් නම් වලිනි. ඔවුන්‌ගේ නියම නමින් හඳුවන්නට පටන් ගන්‌නේ දරුවා වැඩුණු පසු ය. දරුවන් ‌ගේ වයස අවුරුදු හත පමණ වනතුරැත් ඔවුන් නිර්වස්ත්‍රව සිටිති. වයස අවුරුදු දහය-දො‌ළොහ පමණ වය‌සේ දී දරුවන් විසින් ගල්දුනු භාවිත‌යෙන් කුරුල්ලන් සහ කුඩා සතුන් දඩයම් කරති. දරුවන් වැඩිවියට පැමි‌ණෙත් ම විවිධ දඩයම් කරන ශිල්පයත්, බඹර කැඩී‌මේ ආකාරයත් ඔවුනට කියා ‌දෙනු ලැබේ. ‌මෙ‌සේ වැඩුණු පිරිමි දරුවන් දඩයම් සහ බඹර කැඩී‌මේ දී හවුල් කර ගන්‌නේ එකී කුසලතා වර්ධනය කිරීමට ය. වැදි දැරිවිය මල්වර වූ විට, ඇය [[නුග]] ගසක් ‌වෙතට ‌‌ගොස් ගල් කැටවලින් එයට ගැසීමත්, එය කන වැකුණු මව වතුර කළයක් ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ඇය නහවා, හිසිට පසුපසින් එය බිමට වැටී බිඳී සියලු ‌දොස් දුරු කිරීම හැර ‌වෙනත් වි‌ශේෂිත ‌[[කොටහළු සිරිත්]] නැත. පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් සිංහල මල්වර සිරිත් වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වීම නිසා, මල්වර දැරිය කිළි පැලක වැඩිමහළු කාන්තාවක් හා තැබීම හා ඒ ආශ්‍රිත අභිචාර විධි කිරීම දැන් අපට අසන්නට දක්නිනට ඇත. මරණය වැද්දන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි භිය උපදවන අවස්ථාවකි. එවැන් විට ඔවුහු ගල්‌ලෙන් අතැර යති. එ‌සේ කරනු‌යේ, මළ පුද්ගලයන් ඔවුන් හඹා එනු ඇතයි බි‌යෙනි. වැද්දන් විශ්වාස කරන පරිදි, මරණ‌යෙන් පසු ස්වකිය ඥාතියා නෑ ය‌කෙකු කිරීමට, දින කිහිපයක් මළ පුද්ගලයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් පුද පූජා පවත්වති. '''බාහිර සම්බන්ධතා''' ‌රොබට් ‌‌‌නොක්ස් පවසන පරිදි, ඔවුන් මුව දඩය‌මෙහි සහ දුම් ගැස්සවීම් කිරීම් තුළින් වියලා ගැනීම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. සිංහල මිනිස්සු දඩමස් ලබා ගැනීමට වැද්දන් ‌වෙත පැමිණිය හ. රජු‌ගේ කෑම ‌මේසයට සඩමස් සැපයීම කාර්‌යේ ද නිරිත විය. ඒවාට අමතර ව, රජු හට ඇත්දළ සැපයීම ද, මී පැණි සහ මී ඉටි සැපයීම ද කරන ලදි. රජු ද ඔවුන්ට ප්‍රත්‍යුපකාර වශ‌යෙන් වැද්දන් හට ‌රෙදිපිළි සහ ඊතල ආදිය දුන්‌නේ ය. ‌රොබට් ‌නොක්ස්‌ගේ වාර්තාවට අනුව වැද්‌දෝ වරක් රජුට එ‌රෙහිව පැමිණි යුද්ධවලදී සටන් කළ හ. එ‌සේම, ඔවුහු ඔවුන්ට අයිති ප්‍ර‌දේශ ආරක්ෂා කරමින් රජුට ද වක්‍රාකාර ව ආරක්ෂාව සපයන ලදී. ===වැදි බස=== වැදිභාෂාව ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් කළ පර්‌යේෂණයන් ඇසුරින් විලියම් ගයිගර් වියතාණන් දක්වන්‌නේ, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ඇ‌බොරජිනි වැනි ‌‌ගෝත්‍රික ප්‍රජාවක් බවත්, දකුණු ඉන්දියා‌වේ ‌පෞරාණික ‌ගෝත්‍රයන්ට නෑ සබදතාවක් දක්වන ඇති බවත් ය. [[ආරියන්]] සංක්‍රමණයන්ට ‌පෙර පටන් ඔවුහු ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ විසූ ආදිවාසින් වූ අතර, අනාර්ය භාෂාවක් කතා කළ බවකි (Indian Historical Quartely, XI. pp. 515-516). වැද්දන් විසින් වනාතර‌යේ දඩයමට යන අතර භාවිතා කළ රහස් බසක් වශ‌යෙන් ඔවුන්‌ගේ භාෂාව වර්ධනය වන්නට ඇත. අදදු දඩයක්කරුවන් අතර ‌මෙවැනි ‘කැළැ බසක්’ භාවිතා කරන්‌නේ යක්ෂ ‌හෝ දේව බලපැම්වලින් ස්වකීය දඩයම ආරක්ෂා කරගැනීමට ය. මූලීක වශ‌යෙන් [[ආදිවැසියන්]] ‌ලෙස වර්ධනය වූ වැද්දන්‌ගේ අනාර්ය බස ක්‍රම‌යෙන් [[ආර්යන්]]ගේ පැමිණිම හා සිංහල භාෂාව හා සම්මිශ්‍රණය වි‌මෙන් දැන් භාවිතා කරන ආකෘතියට පරිවර්තනය වන්නට ඇත. ඒ ‌‌සේම, විවිධ අවශ්‍යතාවන්‌ගේ වර්ධනය සමග නව වචන තනා ගැනීම‌ට ‌හෝ ණයට ගැන්නට සිදු විය. ‌මෙ‌සේ විවිධ වූ බලපෑම් නිසාත්, පාසල් අධ්‍යපනය ව්‍යප්ත වීම නිසාත් ක්‍රම‌යෙන් පුරාණ වැදිබස අභාවයට යමින් පවති. ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. ===විශ්වාස=== ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ජන සමාජය]] [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] 5573 2006-06-09T05:57:52Z Ravincaldera 100 /* ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන් */ ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. [[image:Ceylon Native Village.jpg|thumb|right|350px| ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ වැදි පවුලක් (1910)]] ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරුවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ: මහා වංශ‌යේ සඳහන් වන පරිදි, [[විජය කුමරු]]වා කු‌වේණිය හා දරුවන් අතහැර දමා, විවහාය සඳහා රාජ කන්‍යවක් ඉන්දියා‌වෙන් ‌ගෙ‌නෙන ලදි. එහි දී [[කු‌වේණිය]] නැවත [[ලංකාපුර‌]]යෙහි ස්වකීය [[යක්ෂ]] ප්‍රජාව ‌වෙත හරවා යවන අතර, එහි දී ඇති වූ දබරයක දී ඇය මරණයට පත්වන්ණි ය. ඇය‌ගේ බාල ‌සො‌හොයුරා පැමිණ දරුවන් හට පලා යමට පවසයි. ඔවුන් සමන්-කුළ ([[සම‌නොළ කන්ද]])ට ‌ගොස් ‌ නැගණී දෙටු ‌සොයුරා හා වාසය ‌කොට, [[මලයා රට]] හෙවත් කදුකර ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජන ප්‍රජාවක් බිහි කළ අතර, ඔවුන් පුලින්දා ‌ලෙස දක්වා ඇත ([[මහාවංශය]] පරි. 7.59-68). පුලින්දන් පිළිබඳ ව සටහනක් තබන ගයිගර් තුමා පවසන්‌නේ, ඔවුන් ‌මේ‌‌ලේජ්‍ය ‌ගෝත්‍රික ප්‍රජාවක් වන්නට ඇති බවත්, පසුව වැද්දන් බවට හඳුන්වන්නට ඇති බවත් ය. ‌‌කොළඹ, කළුතර සහ ගාල්ල ආශ්‍රිත ප්‍රදේශ‌යේ සිට කදුකරය දක්වා ප්‍ර‌දේශය ‘සබරගමුව’ ‌ලෙසින් හදුන්වන අතර, එය ව්‍යුත්පන්න වන්නට ඇත්‌තේ ‘පුලින්ද’ යන්නට සමාන පදයක් වන [[සංස්කෘත]] ‘සබර,’ [[පාලි]] ‘සවර’ ‌මගින් ය. ‌උක්ත නිගමනයට අනුව ම යමින් ශ්‍රී සුමංගල හිමියන් හා බටුවන්තුඩා‌වේ ‌දේවරක්ෂිත පඬිවරයාණන් ඔවුන්‌ගේ [[මහාවංශ]] පරිවර්ත‌යේ ‘පුලින්ද’ වදන ‘වැද්දන්’ වශ‌යෙන් ඍජුව ම දක්වා ඇත. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ [[විජයාගමනයට]] ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්සන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌[[ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ්]] ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිවැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ '[[වන්නියලෑත්තන්]]' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. [[සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌ත]]හි ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌[[හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන්]] ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== වැදිසමාජය තුළ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන ධුරාවලියක් දක්නට නැති තරම් ය. ‌බො‌හෝ විට වැදි රැළක් වැදිනායකයකු යට‌තේ පාලනය විය. ආදිවාසි ජන ප්‍රජාවන්හි දක්නට ඇති ආකාර‌යේ, ‌ගෝත්‍ර අතර ‌වෛරයක් ‌හෝ ‌ගෝත්‍ර සටන් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. එක ම ප්‍ර‌දේශයක වරිග කිහිපයක වැදිජන ප්‍රජාවන් සමාදාන‌යෙන් ජීවත් වුව ද, ප්‍ර‌දේශයට ඇතුල්වීමේ දී විවිධ තහංචි ඔවුනොවුන් අතර විණ. සමහර වැදි වරිග‌යෝ ගඟක් ‌හෝ කැළැ ‌පෙ‌දෙසක් හරහා ‌වෙනත් ප්‍ර‌දේශයන් වලට සංක්‍රමණය වූ හ. ‌මෙ‌සේ ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යෙන් ප්‍ර‌දේශයට වැදි ප්‍රජාවන්‌ගේ ව්‍යාප්තවීම සිඳු වි ය. ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. සී. ජී. සෙල්ග්මාන්ට අනුව වැද්දන්‌‌ගේ වරිග ‌බෙදීම ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් ස්වකීය ‌ගෝත්‍ර‌යෙන් පිට විවහා වීම ‌හෙවත් [[බහිර්‌වෛවාහික]] සහ මාතෘ පාර්ෂව මූලීක, ඌරා සහ ‌මොනරා ආශ්‍රීත ගෝත්‍ර විහ්න ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් ‌ගොඩ නැගුනක් බව ය (C. G. Seligmann, The Vaddas, 1911, p.30.). භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===දිවි‌පෙ‌වෙත=== මුල් කාල‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනප්‍රජාව ගල්‌ලෙන් ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ අතර, පසුව පැල්පත් ආශ්‍රීත ගම්මාන කරා සංක්‍රමණය වන්නට ඇත. [[image:gathering honey.jpg|thumb|left|150px|බඹර පැණි එකතු කරන අනතුරුදායක අවස්ථාවක් (1887)]] ඒවා වැදි ‌කොරටු ‌ලෙසින් හැඳින් වූ අතර, වරින් වර, ආහාර ‌සොයා ගත හැකි පමණට කොරටු‌වෙන් ‌කොරටුවට වැදි ප්‍රජාව සංක්‍රමණය වී‌මේ සිරිතක් විය. පසුකාලීනව ඇති වූ ගම්වැද්‌දෝ ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් හේන් ‌ගොවිතැන ඇසුරු ‌‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුදු, ඔවුන්‌ගේ සාම්ප්‍රදායික දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙත සම්පුර්ණ‌යෙන් ම අත් ‌නොහැරිය හ. වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් දඩයම් කිරී‌මෙන් ජීවත් වූ අතර, ඔවුන්‌ගේ මුලීක ප්‍රවනතාවය වූ‌යේ ‌ගොනා දඩයම් කිරීම ය. ‌ගොනා ගිරි ආශ්‍රිත ව වාසය කළ නිසා වැද්දන් ද ගිරි‌ලෙන් ආශ්‍රිත දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙතකට හුරු වන්නට ඇති බව ‌බො‌හෝ විද්‍යාර්ථයින් විශ්වාස තරති. ‌මෙයට අමතර ව, ඔවුන් ඵල-අල ආහාරයට ගනිමින් ද, වන මී රැස්වන කාලයට මී කැඩි‌මෙන් ද දිවි ‌පෙ‌‌වෙත සරි කර ගත් හ. වැද්දන් ආහාර පුළුස්සා ගැනීම කරන අතර, අලවර්ග ‌‌බො‌හෝවිට උණු අළුපල්‌ලේ ලා තම්බා ගැනීම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. දඩයම් කිරීම හා ආහාර අනුභවය කණ්ඩායමක් වශ‌යෙන් එකට ම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. වැඩිපුර ඇති ආහාර ද්‍රව්‍ය හිඟ කාලයන් සඳහා කල් තබා ගැනීමට මස් වර්ග වියලීම (හෙවත් කරවල කිරීම), එල්ලා දුම්ගැස්ස වීම ‌හෝ මීපැනිවල බහා තැබීම වැනි ක්‍රියාවන් කළ හ. '''රෑ‌‌හේ නායකයා''' වැදි‌ගෝත්‍රය සංවිධානය වන්නේ 'නායකයෙකු' වටා ය. එ‌හෙයින් විවිධ වූ වැදිජනප්‍රජාවන් සඳහා නායක‌යෝ සිටිය හ. එ‌හෙත් පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් වැදි ජනතාව‌ගේ ප්‍රාමාණාත්මක අඩුවීම නිසා සහ ආණ්ඩුව විසින් ඔවුන් වසන ප්‍ර‌දේශ පාලනය නායකයන්ගේ පැවැත්ම ක්‍රමයෙන් නැති ව ගි‌යේ ය. වැදි ප්‍රජා‌වේ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන නායක‌යෙක් ‌‌ලෙස මෑත යුග‌යේ සිටි‌යේ දඹා‌නේ මහාවන්නියලැත්‌‌තෝ ‌හෙවත් තිසාහාමිලැත්‌තෝ ය. ===පවුල් දිවිය=== වැදි ජනයා අතර [[ඥාතීත්වය]] සහ ඔවුන්ට ආමන්ත්‍රණය සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජාව ‌මෙන් ‌‌වෙයි. අප්පිලැත්‌තෝ (පියා), අම්මිලැත්‌තෝ (මව), ආදි වශ‌යෙන් 'ලැත්‌තෝ' යන පාඨය ඥාතිතවයට පසුව ‌යෙදී‌මෙන් ඔවුහු ආමන්ත්‍රණය තනා ගනිති. බිරිද(කුඩ්‌පෙත්ත)ට ‌බො‌හෝ විට, 'නංගිලැත්‌තෝ' යන ‌යෙඳුම ‌යොදනු‌යේ, වැදිජනප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ඇති බෑණා සහ නැනා (ඇවැස්ස හුරා-නෑනා) විවාහයන් නිසා‌වෙන් ය. සිංහල සමාජ‌යේ ‌මෙන් ම, විවාහ සහ ලිංගික සම්බන්ධතා සම්බන්ධ‌යෙන් විවිධ වූ තහංචි පැන වී තිබිණි. නිදසුනක් ‌ලෙස, මාමා සහ නෑනැ අතර, බෑණා සහ නැන්දා අතර ‌මෙන් ම, මවු-පිය පාර්ෂව‌යේ ස‌හෝදරයන් ‌හෝ වියපත් ස‌හෝදර ස‌හෝදරියන් අතරත් විවාහයන් තහනම් විණ. එ‌හෙත් මරණයක දී, මළ ස‌හෝදරිය ‌හෝ ස‌හෝදරයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් සැමියා ‌හෝ බිරිය එකී පවු‌ලේ තව ස‌හෝදරියක් ‌හෝ ස‌හොදරයෙක් විවාහ කර ගැනීම සිඳු විම නිසා, නැවතත් දරුවන් හට ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබිණ. '''පවුල් සම්බන්ධතා''' අඹු-සැමි දිවිය අගය කළ වැදි ජනයා අතර, සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ලැ‌බෙන බහුභාර්යා ‌සේවනය ‌හෝ බහු පුරුෂ ‌සේවනය තබා, පරදාර ‌සේවනය වත් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. විවාහ‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනයා ස්වකීය භාර්යාවන්ට මනා ‌සේ ඇළුම් කළ අතර, එකි‌නෙකාට විශ්වාසවන්ත ‌ලෙස ද ජීවත් විය. එ‌හෙයින් වි‌දේශිය මිශනාරිවරුන් විසින් ‌කෙවල විවහා කුමය ලංකාවට හඳුන්වා දීමට පෙර සිට ම, වැද්දන් අතර ‌කේවල විවාහ ක්‍රමය තිබූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌රේ ගැහැණිය හට මනා ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබුණු අතර, ඇය පවු‌ලේ පළමු ‌කොට, ආහාර‌යෙන් ‌කොටස භුක්ති වින්ද හ. ‌මෙයින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්නේ කාන්තාව වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌‌රේ ‌ගෞවරවයට පාත්‍ර වූ බවකි. '''විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන්''' වැදි දරු‌වෝ කල් ‌නොයවා ස්වකීය නෑන-හුරා විවාහයන්ට ඇතුළු ‌වෙති. ඔවුන් අතර ස‌හෝදර ස‌හොදරි ව්‍යවාහයන් ‌හෝ විවාහයට ‌පෙර ලිංගිත සම්බන්ධතාවන් සිදු ‌නො‌වේ. විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන් ‌බො‌හෝ ‌සේ ලුහුඩු ය; සරල ය. තරුණ වැදි ‌කොළු‌වෙකු හිතගිය තරුණි‌ය‌ගේ ‌පියාගේ ගෙට පැණි මුලක් හා මස් රැ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ‌යොජනාව පියාට පවසන අතර, පියා විසින් ඇයට නියඳ පට්ටාවලින් ඇඹරූ රෑනක් ‌ගෙන ඔහු‌ගේ ඉණ වටා බඳිනු ලැ‌බේ. එතැන් සිට ‌‌දෙ‌දෙනා අඹු-සැමි‌යෝ ‌වෙති. ඒ රෑණ දිරා ගිය කල්හි, අලුත් නියඳ රෑණක් අඹරා බැඳී‌මේ කාර්යය භාර්ය්‍යාව සතු ‌වෙයි. සාමාන්‍ය‌යෙන් මාමලැත්‌තෝ විසින් බඹර වද ඇති තැනක් පවරා දීමත්, දඩ බල්ලන් සහ දුනු ඊතල දීමත් කරන ලදි. සමහර අවස්ථාවලදි මනමාලයා විසින් මනමාලියට ‌රෙදිපිලි දීම පසුකාලින ව ඇති වූ සිරිකත් බව ‌පෙනේ. විවාහ‌යෙන් පසුව බෑනා මාමා‌ගේ රෑණට එකතුවී, දඩයමට සහයවීම සිඳු ‌වෙයි. එබැවින් වැදි ජනයා අත‌රේ පිරිමි දරුවන්ට වඩා ගැහැණු දරැවන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි ඇල්මක් ඇත. '''දරුදැරි‌යෝ''' විවාහ‌යෙන් පසු, දරු ගැබක් පහළ වූ පසු, වැදි ජනයා අතර ආරක්ෂාවන් සඳහා විවිධ [[අභිචාර]] විධී භාවිතා කරයි. පුරාණ‌යෙදී 'පට්ටා යකා' පූජාවක් කරමින් ගැබ් ආරක්ෂා කළ බව ප්‍රකට ය. ප්‍රසූතිය ගල්‌ලෙනක ‌හෝ පැ‌ලේදී සිඳු විණ. ප්‍රසූති‌යෙන් පසු ව විවිධ මස්-මාශ වර්ග අනුභවය නුසුදුසුයයි පිළි ගැනීමක් විණ. එ‌සේ ම කිරී එරීම සඳහා ම ‌යොග්‍යයයි පිළිගත් අලවර්ග ආහාරයට දීම කරන ලදි. [[image:Vaddas Family.jpg|thumb|right|150px| වැදි දරුදැරි‌යෝ]] දරුවා හට මසක් තුළ නමක් දුන් අතර, යකුන්‌ගේ ‌දොස් වලින් ආරක්ෂා කර ගැනීමට දරුවා ‌බො‌හෝ විට හඳුන්වනු ලැබු‌වේ විවිධ වූ හුරතල් නම් වලිනි. ඔවුන්‌ගේ නියම නමින් හඳුවන්නට පටන් ගන්‌නේ දරුවා වැඩුණු පසු ය. දරුවන් ‌ගේ වයස අවුරුදු හත පමණ වනතුරැත් ඔවුන් නිර්වස්ත්‍රව සිටිති. වයස අවුරුදු දහය-දො‌ළොහ පමණ වය‌සේ දී දරුවන් විසින් ගල්දුනු භාවිත‌යෙන් කුරුල්ලන් සහ කුඩා සතුන් දඩයම් කරති. දරුවන් වැඩිවියට පැමි‌ණෙත් ම විවිධ දඩයම් කරන ශිල්පයත්, බඹර කැඩී‌මේ ආකාරයත් ඔවුනට කියා ‌දෙනු ලැබේ. ‌මෙ‌සේ වැඩුණු පිරිමි දරුවන් දඩයම් සහ බඹර කැඩී‌මේ දී හවුල් කර ගන්‌නේ එකී කුසලතා වර්ධනය කිරීමට ය. වැදි දැරිවිය මල්වර වූ විට, ඇය [[නුග]] ගසක් ‌වෙතට ‌‌ගොස් ගල් කැටවලින් එයට ගැසීමත්, එය කන වැකුණු මව වතුර කළයක් ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ඇය නහවා, හිසිට පසුපසින් එය බිමට වැටී බිඳී සියලු ‌දොස් දුරු කිරීම හැර ‌වෙනත් වි‌ශේෂිත ‌[[කොටහළු සිරිත්]] නැත. පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් සිංහල මල්වර සිරිත් වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වීම නිසා, මල්වර දැරිය කිළි පැලක වැඩිමහළු කාන්තාවක් හා තැබීම හා ඒ ආශ්‍රිත අභිචාර විධි කිරීම දැන් අපට අසන්නට දක්නිනට ඇත. මරණය වැද්දන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි භිය උපදවන අවස්ථාවකි. එවැන් විට ඔවුහු ගල්‌ලෙන් අතැර යති. එ‌සේ කරනු‌යේ, මළ පුද්ගලයන් ඔවුන් හඹා එනු ඇතයි බි‌යෙනි. වැද්දන් විශ්වාස කරන පරිදි, මරණ‌යෙන් පසු ස්වකිය ඥාතියා නෑ ය‌කෙකු කිරීමට, දින කිහිපයක් මළ පුද්ගලයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් පුද පූජා පවත්වති. '''බාහිර සම්බන්ධතා''' ‌රොබට් ‌‌‌නොක්ස් පවසන පරිදි, ඔවුන් මුව දඩය‌මෙහි සහ දුම් ගැස්සවීම් කිරීම් තුළින් වියලා ගැනීම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. සිංහල මිනිස්සු දඩමස් ලබා ගැනීමට වැද්දන් ‌වෙත පැමිණිය හ. රජු‌ගේ කෑම ‌මේසයට සඩමස් සැපයීම කාර්‌යේ ද නිරිත විය. ඒවාට අමතර ව, රජු හට ඇත්දළ සැපයීම ද, මී පැණි සහ මී ඉටි සැපයීම ද කරන ලදි. රජු ද ඔවුන්ට ප්‍රත්‍යුපකාර වශ‌යෙන් වැද්දන් හට ‌රෙදිපිළි සහ ඊතල ආදිය දුන්‌නේ ය. ‌රොබට් ‌නොක්ස්‌ගේ වාර්තාවට අනුව වැද්‌දෝ වරක් රජුට එ‌රෙහිව පැමිණි යුද්ධවලදී සටන් කළ හ. එ‌සේම, ඔවුහු ඔවුන්ට අයිති ප්‍ර‌දේශ ආරක්ෂා කරමින් රජුට ද වක්‍රාකාර ව ආරක්ෂාව සපයන ලදී. ===වැදි බස=== වැදිභාෂාව ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් කළ පර්‌යේෂණයන් ඇසුරින් විලියම් ගයිගර් වියතාණන් දක්වන්‌නේ, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ඇ‌බොරජිනි වැනි ‌‌ගෝත්‍රික ප්‍රජාවක් බවත්, දකුණු ඉන්දියා‌වේ ‌පෞරාණික ‌ගෝත්‍රයන්ට නෑ සබදතාවක් දක්වන ඇති බවත් ය. [[ආරියන්]] සංක්‍රමණයන්ට ‌පෙර පටන් ඔවුහු ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ විසූ ආදිවාසින් වූ අතර, අනාර්ය භාෂාවක් කතා කළ බවකි (Indian Historical Quartely, XI. pp. 515-516). වැද්දන් විසින් වනාතර‌යේ දඩයමට යන අතර භාවිතා කළ රහස් බසක් වශ‌යෙන් ඔවුන්‌ගේ භාෂාව වර්ධනය වන්නට ඇත. අදදු දඩයක්කරුවන් අතර ‌මෙවැනි ‘කැළැ බසක්’ භාවිතා කරන්‌නේ යක්ෂ ‌හෝ දේව බලපැම්වලින් ස්වකීය දඩයම ආරක්ෂා කරගැනීමට ය. මූලීක වශ‌යෙන් [[ආදිවැසියන්]] ‌ලෙස වර්ධනය වූ වැද්දන්‌ගේ අනාර්ය බස ක්‍රම‌යෙන් [[ආර්යන්]]ගේ පැමිණිම හා සිංහල භාෂාව හා සම්මිශ්‍රණය වි‌මෙන් දැන් භාවිතා කරන ආකෘතියට පරිවර්තනය වන්නට ඇත. ඒ ‌‌සේම, විවිධ අවශ්‍යතාවන්‌ගේ වර්ධනය සමග නව වචන තනා ගැනීම‌ට ‌හෝ ණයට ගැන්නට සිදු විය. ‌මෙ‌සේ විවිධ වූ බලපෑම් නිසාත්, පාසල් අධ්‍යපනය ව්‍යප්ත වීම නිසාත් ක්‍රම‌යෙන් පුරාණ වැදිබස අභාවයට යමින් පවති. ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. ===විශ්වාස=== ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== ජාන විද්‍යාත්මක පර්‌යේෂණයන් තුළින් තහවුරු වී ඇත්‌තේ උතුරු ඉන්දියානු ආර්ය සංක්‍රමණයට ‌පෙර විසු ප්‍රග්-ආර්ය ජනතාව හා සම්බන්ධතාවක් ඇති බව ය. කලාන්තරයක් තිස්‌සේ සිංහල හා දෙමළ ජනතාව අත‌රේ වාසය කළ වැද්දන් එකී ජනසමාජයන්ට ක්‍රම‌යෙන් සම්මිශ්‍රණය විය. වාද්දන්‌ගේ රුධිර වර්ග පරික්ෂා‌වේදී ‌සොයා ලනු ලැබු‌වේ ‌බො‌හෝ ආදිවාසි ජනවර්ගවල දක්නට ඇති O රුධිර කාණ්ඩය බහුතරයට ඇති බවකි. එ‌සේ ම ස්වල්ප ජන ‌කොට්ඨාශයක A රුධිර ගණය දක්නට තිබූ අතර, ඔවුන් අතර‌වෙනත් රුධිර කාණ්ඩයන් දක්නට නැත. අද සිංහලයන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත ව ඇති පවුල් කිහිපයක් ස්වකීය සම්භවය වැදිජන ප්‍රජාව ආශ්‍රය ‌‌කොට සිදුවිණයි ආඩම්බර‌යේ සඳහන් කරති. == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ජන සමාජය]] [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] 5574 2006-06-09T06:02:18Z Ravincaldera 100 /* වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා */ ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. [[image:Ceylon Native Village.jpg|thumb|right|350px| ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ වැදි පවුලක් (1910)]] ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරුවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ: මහා වංශ‌යේ සඳහන් වන පරිදි, [[විජය කුමරු]]වා කු‌වේණිය හා දරුවන් අතහැර දමා, විවහාය සඳහා රාජ කන්‍යවක් ඉන්දියා‌වෙන් ‌ගෙ‌නෙන ලදි. එහි දී [[කු‌වේණිය]] නැවත [[ලංකාපුර‌]]යෙහි ස්වකීය [[යක්ෂ]] ප්‍රජාව ‌වෙත හරවා යවන අතර, එහි දී ඇති වූ දබරයක දී ඇය මරණයට පත්වන්ණි ය. ඇය‌ගේ බාල ‌සො‌හොයුරා පැමිණ දරුවන් හට පලා යමට පවසයි. ඔවුන් සමන්-කුළ ([[සම‌නොළ කන්ද]])ට ‌ගොස් ‌ නැගණී දෙටු ‌සොයුරා හා වාසය ‌කොට, [[මලයා රට]] හෙවත් කදුකර ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජන ප්‍රජාවක් බිහි කළ අතර, ඔවුන් පුලින්දා ‌ලෙස දක්වා ඇත ([[මහාවංශය]] පරි. 7.59-68). පුලින්දන් පිළිබඳ ව සටහනක් තබන ගයිගර් තුමා පවසන්‌නේ, ඔවුන් ‌මේ‌‌ලේජ්‍ය ‌ගෝත්‍රික ප්‍රජාවක් වන්නට ඇති බවත්, පසුව වැද්දන් බවට හඳුන්වන්නට ඇති බවත් ය. ‌‌කොළඹ, කළුතර සහ ගාල්ල ආශ්‍රිත ප්‍රදේශ‌යේ සිට කදුකරය දක්වා ප්‍ර‌දේශය ‘සබරගමුව’ ‌ලෙසින් හදුන්වන අතර, එය ව්‍යුත්පන්න වන්නට ඇත්‌තේ ‘පුලින්ද’ යන්නට සමාන පදයක් වන [[සංස්කෘත]] ‘සබර,’ [[පාලි]] ‘සවර’ ‌මගින් ය. ‌උක්ත නිගමනයට අනුව ම යමින් ශ්‍රී සුමංගල හිමියන් හා බටුවන්තුඩා‌වේ ‌දේවරක්ෂිත පඬිවරයාණන් ඔවුන්‌ගේ [[මහාවංශ]] පරිවර්ත‌යේ ‘පුලින්ද’ වදන ‘වැද්දන්’ වශ‌යෙන් ඍජුව ම දක්වා ඇත. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ [[විජයාගමනයට]] ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්සන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌[[ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ්]] ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිවැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ '[[වන්නියලෑත්තන්]]' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. [[සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌ත]]හි ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌[[හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන්]] ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== වැදිසමාජය තුළ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන ධුරාවලියක් දක්නට නැති තරම් ය. ‌බො‌හෝ විට වැදි රැළක් වැදිනායකයකු යට‌තේ පාලනය විය. ආදිවාසි ජන ප්‍රජාවන්හි දක්නට ඇති ආකාර‌යේ, ‌ගෝත්‍ර අතර ‌වෛරයක් ‌හෝ ‌ගෝත්‍ර සටන් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. එක ම ප්‍ර‌දේශයක වරිග කිහිපයක වැදිජන ප්‍රජාවන් සමාදාන‌යෙන් ජීවත් වුව ද, ප්‍ර‌දේශයට ඇතුල්වීමේ දී විවිධ තහංචි ඔවුනොවුන් අතර විණ. සමහර වැදි වරිග‌යෝ ගඟක් ‌හෝ කැළැ ‌පෙ‌දෙසක් හරහා ‌වෙනත් ප්‍ර‌දේශයන් වලට සංක්‍රමණය වූ හ. ‌මෙ‌සේ ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යෙන් ප්‍ර‌දේශයට වැදි ප්‍රජාවන්‌ගේ ව්‍යාප්තවීම සිඳු වි ය. ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. සී. ජී. සෙල්ග්මාන්ට අනුව වැද්දන්‌‌ගේ වරිග ‌බෙදීම ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් ස්වකීය ‌ගෝත්‍ර‌යෙන් පිට විවහා වීම ‌හෙවත් [[බහිර්‌වෛවාහික]] සහ මාතෘ පාර්ෂව මූලීක, ඌරා සහ ‌මොනරා ආශ්‍රීත ගෝත්‍ර විහ්න ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් ‌ගොඩ නැගුනක් බව ය (C. G. Seligmann, The Vaddas, 1911, p.30.). භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===දිවි‌පෙ‌වෙත=== මුල් කාල‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනප්‍රජාව ගල්‌ලෙන් ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ අතර, පසුව පැල්පත් ආශ්‍රීත ගම්මාන කරා සංක්‍රමණය වන්නට ඇත. [[image:gathering honey.jpg|thumb|left|150px|බඹර පැණි එකතු කරන අනතුරුදායක අවස්ථාවක් (1887)]] ඒවා වැදි ‌කොරටු ‌ලෙසින් හැඳින් වූ අතර, වරින් වර, ආහාර ‌සොයා ගත හැකි පමණට කොරටු‌වෙන් ‌කොරටුවට වැදි ප්‍රජාව සංක්‍රමණය වී‌මේ සිරිතක් විය. පසුකාලීනව ඇති වූ ගම්වැද්‌දෝ ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් හේන් ‌ගොවිතැන ඇසුරු ‌‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුදු, ඔවුන්‌ගේ සාම්ප්‍රදායික දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙත සම්පුර්ණ‌යෙන් ම අත් ‌නොහැරිය හ. වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් දඩයම් කිරී‌මෙන් ජීවත් වූ අතර, ඔවුන්‌ගේ මුලීක ප්‍රවනතාවය වූ‌යේ ‌ගොනා දඩයම් කිරීම ය. ‌ගොනා ගිරි ආශ්‍රිත ව වාසය කළ නිසා වැද්දන් ද ගිරි‌ලෙන් ආශ්‍රිත දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙතකට හුරු වන්නට ඇති බව ‌බො‌හෝ විද්‍යාර්ථයින් විශ්වාස තරති. ‌මෙයට අමතර ව, ඔවුන් ඵල-අල ආහාරයට ගනිමින් ද, වන මී රැස්වන කාලයට මී කැඩි‌මෙන් ද දිවි ‌පෙ‌‌වෙත සරි කර ගත් හ. වැද්දන් ආහාර පුළුස්සා ගැනීම කරන අතර, අලවර්ග ‌‌බො‌හෝවිට උණු අළුපල්‌ලේ ලා තම්බා ගැනීම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. දඩයම් කිරීම හා ආහාර අනුභවය කණ්ඩායමක් වශ‌යෙන් එකට ම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. වැඩිපුර ඇති ආහාර ද්‍රව්‍ය හිඟ කාලයන් සඳහා කල් තබා ගැනීමට මස් වර්ග වියලීම (හෙවත් කරවල කිරීම), එල්ලා දුම්ගැස්ස වීම ‌හෝ මීපැනිවල බහා තැබීම වැනි ක්‍රියාවන් කළ හ. '''රෑ‌‌හේ නායකයා''' වැදි‌ගෝත්‍රය සංවිධානය වන්නේ 'නායකයෙකු' වටා ය. එ‌හෙයින් විවිධ වූ වැදිජනප්‍රජාවන් සඳහා නායක‌යෝ සිටිය හ. එ‌හෙත් පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් වැදි ජනතාව‌ගේ ප්‍රාමාණාත්මක අඩුවීම නිසා සහ ආණ්ඩුව විසින් ඔවුන් වසන ප්‍ර‌දේශ පාලනය නායකයන්ගේ පැවැත්ම ක්‍රමයෙන් නැති ව ගි‌යේ ය. වැදි ප්‍රජා‌වේ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන නායක‌යෙක් ‌‌ලෙස මෑත යුග‌යේ සිටි‌යේ දඹා‌නේ මහාවන්නියලැත්‌‌තෝ ‌හෙවත් තිසාහාමිලැත්‌තෝ ය. ===පවුල් දිවිය=== වැදි ජනයා අතර [[ඥාතීත්වය]] සහ ඔවුන්ට ආමන්ත්‍රණය සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජාව ‌මෙන් ‌‌වෙයි. අප්පිලැත්‌තෝ (පියා), අම්මිලැත්‌තෝ (මව), ආදි වශ‌යෙන් 'ලැත්‌තෝ' යන පාඨය ඥාතිතවයට පසුව ‌යෙදී‌මෙන් ඔවුහු ආමන්ත්‍රණය තනා ගනිති. බිරිද(කුඩ්‌පෙත්ත)ට ‌බො‌හෝ විට, 'නංගිලැත්‌තෝ' යන ‌යෙඳුම ‌යොදනු‌යේ, වැදිජනප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ඇති බෑණා සහ නැනා (ඇවැස්ස හුරා-නෑනා) විවාහයන් නිසා‌වෙන් ය. සිංහල සමාජ‌යේ ‌මෙන් ම, විවාහ සහ ලිංගික සම්බන්ධතා සම්බන්ධ‌යෙන් විවිධ වූ තහංචි පැන වී තිබිණි. නිදසුනක් ‌ලෙස, මාමා සහ නෑනැ අතර, බෑණා සහ නැන්දා අතර ‌මෙන් ම, මවු-පිය පාර්ෂව‌යේ ස‌හෝදරයන් ‌හෝ වියපත් ස‌හෝදර ස‌හෝදරියන් අතරත් විවාහයන් තහනම් විණ. එ‌හෙත් මරණයක දී, මළ ස‌හෝදරිය ‌හෝ ස‌හෝදරයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් සැමියා ‌හෝ බිරිය එකී පවු‌ලේ තව ස‌හෝදරියක් ‌හෝ ස‌හොදරයෙක් විවාහ කර ගැනීම සිඳු විම නිසා, නැවතත් දරුවන් හට ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබිණ. '''පවුල් සම්බන්ධතා''' අඹු-සැමි දිවිය අගය කළ වැදි ජනයා අතර, සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ලැ‌බෙන බහුභාර්යා ‌සේවනය ‌හෝ බහු පුරුෂ ‌සේවනය තබා, පරදාර ‌සේවනය වත් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. විවාහ‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනයා ස්වකීය භාර්යාවන්ට මනා ‌සේ ඇළුම් කළ අතර, එකි‌නෙකාට විශ්වාසවන්ත ‌ලෙස ද ජීවත් විය. එ‌හෙයින් වි‌දේශිය මිශනාරිවරුන් විසින් ‌කෙවල විවහා කුමය ලංකාවට හඳුන්වා දීමට පෙර සිට ම, වැද්දන් අතර ‌කේවල විවාහ ක්‍රමය තිබූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌රේ ගැහැණිය හට මනා ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබුණු අතර, ඇය පවු‌ලේ පළමු ‌කොට, ආහාර‌යෙන් ‌කොටස භුක්ති වින්ද හ. ‌මෙයින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්නේ කාන්තාව වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌‌රේ ‌ගෞවරවයට පාත්‍ර වූ බවකි. '''විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන්''' වැදි දරු‌වෝ කල් ‌නොයවා ස්වකීය නෑන-හුරා විවාහයන්ට ඇතුළු ‌වෙති. ඔවුන් අතර ස‌හෝදර ස‌හොදරි ව්‍යවාහයන් ‌හෝ විවාහයට ‌පෙර ලිංගිත සම්බන්ධතාවන් සිදු ‌නො‌වේ. විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන් ‌බො‌හෝ ‌සේ ලුහුඩු ය; සරල ය. තරුණ වැදි ‌කොළු‌වෙකු හිතගිය තරුණි‌ය‌ගේ ‌පියාගේ ගෙට පැණි මුලක් හා මස් රැ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ‌යොජනාව පියාට පවසන අතර, පියා විසින් ඇයට නියඳ පට්ටාවලින් ඇඹරූ රෑනක් ‌ගෙන ඔහු‌ගේ ඉණ වටා බඳිනු ලැ‌බේ. එතැන් සිට ‌‌දෙ‌දෙනා අඹු-සැමි‌යෝ ‌වෙති. ඒ රෑණ දිරා ගිය කල්හි, අලුත් නියඳ රෑණක් අඹරා බැඳී‌මේ කාර්යය භාර්ය්‍යාව සතු ‌වෙයි. සාමාන්‍ය‌යෙන් මාමලැත්‌තෝ විසින් බඹර වද ඇති තැනක් පවරා දීමත්, දඩ බල්ලන් සහ දුනු ඊතල දීමත් කරන ලදි. සමහර අවස්ථාවලදි මනමාලයා විසින් මනමාලියට ‌රෙදිපිලි දීම පසුකාලින ව ඇති වූ සිරිකත් බව ‌පෙනේ. විවාහ‌යෙන් පසුව බෑනා මාමා‌ගේ රෑණට එකතුවී, දඩයමට සහයවීම සිඳු ‌වෙයි. එබැවින් වැදි ජනයා අත‌රේ පිරිමි දරුවන්ට වඩා ගැහැණු දරැවන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි ඇල්මක් ඇත. '''දරුදැරි‌යෝ''' විවාහ‌යෙන් පසු, දරු ගැබක් පහළ වූ පසු, වැදි ජනයා අතර ආරක්ෂාවන් සඳහා විවිධ [[අභිචාර]] විධී භාවිතා කරයි. පුරාණ‌යෙදී 'පට්ටා යකා' පූජාවක් කරමින් ගැබ් ආරක්ෂා කළ බව ප්‍රකට ය. ප්‍රසූතිය ගල්‌ලෙනක ‌හෝ පැ‌ලේදී සිඳු විණ. ප්‍රසූති‌යෙන් පසු ව විවිධ මස්-මාශ වර්ග අනුභවය නුසුදුසුයයි පිළි ගැනීමක් විණ. එ‌සේ ම කිරී එරීම සඳහා ම ‌යොග්‍යයයි පිළිගත් අලවර්ග ආහාරයට දීම කරන ලදි. [[image:Vaddas Family.jpg|thumb|right|150px| වැදි දරුදැරි‌යෝ]] දරුවා හට මසක් තුළ නමක් දුන් අතර, යකුන්‌ගේ ‌දොස් වලින් ආරක්ෂා කර ගැනීමට දරුවා ‌බො‌හෝ විට හඳුන්වනු ලැබු‌වේ විවිධ වූ හුරතල් නම් වලිනි. ඔවුන්‌ගේ නියම නමින් හඳුවන්නට පටන් ගන්‌නේ දරුවා වැඩුණු පසු ය. දරුවන් ‌ගේ වයස අවුරුදු හත පමණ වනතුරැත් ඔවුන් නිර්වස්ත්‍රව සිටිති. වයස අවුරුදු දහය-දො‌ළොහ පමණ වය‌සේ දී දරුවන් විසින් ගල්දුනු භාවිත‌යෙන් කුරුල්ලන් සහ කුඩා සතුන් දඩයම් කරති. දරුවන් වැඩිවියට පැමි‌ණෙත් ම විවිධ දඩයම් කරන ශිල්පයත්, බඹර කැඩී‌මේ ආකාරයත් ඔවුනට කියා ‌දෙනු ලැබේ. ‌මෙ‌සේ වැඩුණු පිරිමි දරුවන් දඩයම් සහ බඹර කැඩී‌මේ දී හවුල් කර ගන්‌නේ එකී කුසලතා වර්ධනය කිරීමට ය. වැදි දැරිවිය මල්වර වූ විට, ඇය [[නුග]] ගසක් ‌වෙතට ‌‌ගොස් ගල් කැටවලින් එයට ගැසීමත්, එය කන වැකුණු මව වතුර කළයක් ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ඇය නහවා, හිසිට පසුපසින් එය බිමට වැටී බිඳී සියලු ‌දොස් දුරු කිරීම හැර ‌වෙනත් වි‌ශේෂිත ‌[[කොටහළු සිරිත්]] නැත. පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් සිංහල මල්වර සිරිත් වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වීම නිසා, මල්වර දැරිය කිළි පැලක වැඩිමහළු කාන්තාවක් හා තැබීම හා ඒ ආශ්‍රිත අභිචාර විධි කිරීම දැන් අපට අසන්නට දක්නිනට ඇත. මරණය වැද්දන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි භිය උපදවන අවස්ථාවකි. එවැන් විට ඔවුහු ගල්‌ලෙන් අතැර යති. එ‌සේ කරනු‌යේ, මළ පුද්ගලයන් ඔවුන් හඹා එනු ඇතයි බි‌යෙනි. වැද්දන් විශ්වාස කරන පරිදි, මරණ‌යෙන් පසු ස්වකිය ඥාතියා නෑ ය‌කෙකු කිරීමට, දින කිහිපයක් මළ පුද්ගලයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් පුද පූජා පවත්වති. '''බාහිර සම්බන්ධතා''' ‌රොබට් ‌‌‌නොක්ස් පවසන පරිදි, ඔවුන් මුව දඩය‌මෙහි සහ දුම් ගැස්සවීම් කිරීම් තුළින් වියලා ගැනීම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. සිංහල මිනිස්සු දඩමස් ලබා ගැනීමට වැද්දන් ‌වෙත පැමිණිය හ. රජු‌ගේ කෑම ‌මේසයට සඩමස් සැපයීම කාර්‌යේ ද නිරිත විය. ඒවාට අමතර ව, රජු හට ඇත්දළ සැපයීම ද, මී පැණි සහ මී ඉටි සැපයීම ද කරන ලදි. රජු ද ඔවුන්ට ප්‍රත්‍යුපකාර වශ‌යෙන් වැද්දන් හට ‌රෙදිපිළි සහ ඊතල ආදිය දුන්‌නේ ය. ‌රොබට් ‌නොක්ස්‌ගේ වාර්තාවට අනුව වැද්‌දෝ වරක් රජුට එ‌රෙහිව පැමිණි යුද්ධවලදී සටන් කළ හ. එ‌සේම, ඔවුහු ඔවුන්ට අයිති ප්‍ර‌දේශ ආරක්ෂා කරමින් රජුට ද වක්‍රාකාර ව ආරක්ෂාව සපයන ලදී. ===වැදි බස=== වැදිභාෂාව ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් කළ පර්‌යේෂණයන් ඇසුරින් විලියම් ගයිගර් වියතාණන් දක්වන්‌නේ, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ඇ‌බොරජිනි වැනි ‌‌ගෝත්‍රික ප්‍රජාවක් බවත්, දකුණු ඉන්දියා‌වේ ‌පෞරාණික ‌ගෝත්‍රයන්ට නෑ සබදතාවක් දක්වන ඇති බවත් ය. [[ආරියන්]] සංක්‍රමණයන්ට ‌පෙර පටන් ඔවුහු ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ විසූ ආදිවාසින් වූ අතර, අනාර්ය භාෂාවක් කතා කළ බවකි (Indian Historical Quartely, XI. pp. 515-516). වැද්දන් විසින් වනාතර‌යේ දඩයමට යන අතර භාවිතා කළ රහස් බසක් වශ‌යෙන් ඔවුන්‌ගේ භාෂාව වර්ධනය වන්නට ඇත. අදදු දඩයක්කරුවන් අතර ‌මෙවැනි ‘කැළැ බසක්’ භාවිතා කරන්‌නේ යක්ෂ ‌හෝ දේව බලපැම්වලින් ස්වකීය දඩයම ආරක්ෂා කරගැනීමට ය. මූලීක වශ‌යෙන් [[ආදිවැසියන්]] ‌ලෙස වර්ධනය වූ වැද්දන්‌ගේ අනාර්ය බස ක්‍රම‌යෙන් [[ආර්යන්]]ගේ පැමිණිම හා සිංහල භාෂාව හා සම්මිශ්‍රණය වි‌මෙන් දැන් භාවිතා කරන ආකෘතියට පරිවර්තනය වන්නට ඇත. ඒ ‌‌සේම, විවිධ අවශ්‍යතාවන්‌ගේ වර්ධනය සමග නව වචන තනා ගැනීම‌ට ‌හෝ ණයට ගැන්නට සිදු විය. ‌මෙ‌සේ විවිධ වූ බලපෑම් නිසාත්, පාසල් අධ්‍යපනය ව්‍යප්ත වීම නිසාත් ක්‍රම‌යෙන් පුරාණ වැදිබස අභාවයට යමින් පවති. ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. ===විශ්වාස=== ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== ජාන විද්‍යාත්මක පර්‌යේෂණයන් තුළින් තහවුරු වී ඇත්‌තේ උතුරු ඉන්දියානු ආර්ය සංක්‍රමණයට ‌පෙර විසු ප්‍රග්-ආර්ය ජනතාව හා සම්බන්ධතාවක් ඇති බව ය. කලාන්තරයක් තිස්‌සේ සිංහල හා දෙමළ ජනතාව අත‌රේ වාසය කළ වැද්දන් එකී ජනසමාජයන්ට ක්‍රම‌යෙන් සම්මිශ්‍රණය විය. වාද්දන්‌ගේ රුධිර වර්ග පරික්ෂා‌වේදී ‌සොයා ලනු ලැබු‌වේ ‌බො‌හෝ ආදිවාසි ජනවර්ගවල දක්නට ඇති O රුධිර කාණ්ඩය බහුතරයට ඇති බවකි. එ‌සේ ම ස්වල්ප ජන ‌කොට්ඨාශයක A රුධිර ගණය දක්නට තිබූ අතර, ඔවුන් අතර‌වෙනත් රුධිර කාණ්ඩයන් දක්නට නැත. අද සිංහලයන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත ව ඇති පවුල් කිහිපයක් ස්වකීය සම්භවය වැදිජන ප්‍රජාව ආශ්‍රය ‌‌කොට සිදුවිණයි ආඩම්බර‌යේ සඳහන් කරති. == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ද සිල්වා, එම්. ඩබ්. සුගතපාල, ''දඹා‌නේ වැදි බස '' ‌කොළඹ: සරසවි ප්‍රකාශ‌යෝ, 1964. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ජන සමාජය]] [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] 5577 2006-06-09T09:11:13Z Ravincaldera 100 /* ආගමික ලැදියාවන් */ ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. [[image:Ceylon Native Village.jpg|thumb|right|350px| ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ වැදි පවුලක් (1910)]] ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරුවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ: මහා වංශ‌යේ සඳහන් වන පරිදි, [[විජය කුමරු]]වා කු‌වේණිය හා දරුවන් අතහැර දමා, විවහාය සඳහා රාජ කන්‍යවක් ඉන්දියා‌වෙන් ‌ගෙ‌නෙන ලදි. එහි දී [[කු‌වේණිය]] නැවත [[ලංකාපුර‌]]යෙහි ස්වකීය [[යක්ෂ]] ප්‍රජාව ‌වෙත හරවා යවන අතර, එහි දී ඇති වූ දබරයක දී ඇය මරණයට පත්වන්ණි ය. ඇය‌ගේ බාල ‌සො‌හොයුරා පැමිණ දරුවන් හට පලා යමට පවසයි. ඔවුන් සමන්-කුළ ([[සම‌නොළ කන්ද]])ට ‌ගොස් ‌ නැගණී දෙටු ‌සොයුරා හා වාසය ‌කොට, [[මලයා රට]] හෙවත් කදුකර ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජන ප්‍රජාවක් බිහි කළ අතර, ඔවුන් පුලින්දා ‌ලෙස දක්වා ඇත ([[මහාවංශය]] පරි. 7.59-68). පුලින්දන් පිළිබඳ ව සටහනක් තබන ගයිගර් තුමා පවසන්‌නේ, ඔවුන් ‌මේ‌‌ලේජ්‍ය ‌ගෝත්‍රික ප්‍රජාවක් වන්නට ඇති බවත්, පසුව වැද්දන් බවට හඳුන්වන්නට ඇති බවත් ය. ‌‌කොළඹ, කළුතර සහ ගාල්ල ආශ්‍රිත ප්‍රදේශ‌යේ සිට කදුකරය දක්වා ප්‍ර‌දේශය ‘සබරගමුව’ ‌ලෙසින් හදුන්වන අතර, එය ව්‍යුත්පන්න වන්නට ඇත්‌තේ ‘පුලින්ද’ යන්නට සමාන පදයක් වන [[සංස්කෘත]] ‘සබර,’ [[පාලි]] ‘සවර’ ‌මගින් ය. ‌උක්ත නිගමනයට අනුව ම යමින් ශ්‍රී සුමංගල හිමියන් හා බටුවන්තුඩා‌වේ ‌දේවරක්ෂිත පඬිවරයාණන් ඔවුන්‌ගේ [[මහාවංශ]] පරිවර්ත‌යේ ‘පුලින්ද’ වදන ‘වැද්දන්’ වශ‌යෙන් ඍජුව ම දක්වා ඇත. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ [[විජයාගමනයට]] ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්සන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌[[ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ්]] ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිවැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ '[[වන්නියලෑත්තන්]]' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. [[සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌ත]]හි ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌[[හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන්]] ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== වැදිසමාජය තුළ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන ධුරාවලියක් දක්නට නැති තරම් ය. ‌බො‌හෝ විට වැදි රැළක් වැදිනායකයකු යට‌තේ පාලනය විය. ආදිවාසි ජන ප්‍රජාවන්හි දක්නට ඇති ආකාර‌යේ, ‌ගෝත්‍ර අතර ‌වෛරයක් ‌හෝ ‌ගෝත්‍ර සටන් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. එක ම ප්‍ර‌දේශයක වරිග කිහිපයක වැදිජන ප්‍රජාවන් සමාදාන‌යෙන් ජීවත් වුව ද, ප්‍ර‌දේශයට ඇතුල්වීමේ දී විවිධ තහංචි ඔවුනොවුන් අතර විණ. සමහර වැදි වරිග‌යෝ ගඟක් ‌හෝ කැළැ ‌පෙ‌දෙසක් හරහා ‌වෙනත් ප්‍ර‌දේශයන් වලට සංක්‍රමණය වූ හ. ‌මෙ‌සේ ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යෙන් ප්‍ර‌දේශයට වැදි ප්‍රජාවන්‌ගේ ව්‍යාප්තවීම සිඳු වි ය. ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. සී. ජී. සෙල්ග්මාන්ට අනුව වැද්දන්‌‌ගේ වරිග ‌බෙදීම ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් ස්වකීය ‌ගෝත්‍ර‌යෙන් පිට විවහා වීම ‌හෙවත් [[බහිර්‌වෛවාහික]] සහ මාතෘ පාර්ෂව මූලීක, ඌරා සහ ‌මොනරා ආශ්‍රීත ගෝත්‍ර විහ්න ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් ‌ගොඩ නැගුනක් බව ය (C. G. Seligmann, The Vaddas, 1911, p.30.). භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===දිවි‌පෙ‌වෙත=== මුල් කාල‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනප්‍රජාව ගල්‌ලෙන් ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ අතර, පසුව පැල්පත් ආශ්‍රීත ගම්මාන කරා සංක්‍රමණය වන්නට ඇත. [[image:gathering honey.jpg|thumb|left|150px|බඹර පැණි එකතු කරන අනතුරුදායක අවස්ථාවක් (1887)]] ඒවා වැදි ‌කොරටු ‌ලෙසින් හැඳින් වූ අතර, වරින් වර, ආහාර ‌සොයා ගත හැකි පමණට කොරටු‌වෙන් ‌කොරටුවට වැදි ප්‍රජාව සංක්‍රමණය වී‌මේ සිරිතක් විය. පසුකාලීනව ඇති වූ ගම්වැද්‌දෝ ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් හේන් ‌ගොවිතැන ඇසුරු ‌‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුදු, ඔවුන්‌ගේ සාම්ප්‍රදායික දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙත සම්පුර්ණ‌යෙන් ම අත් ‌නොහැරිය හ. වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් දඩයම් කිරී‌මෙන් ජීවත් වූ අතර, ඔවුන්‌ගේ මුලීක ප්‍රවනතාවය වූ‌යේ ‌ගොනා දඩයම් කිරීම ය. ‌ගොනා ගිරි ආශ්‍රිත ව වාසය කළ නිසා වැද්දන් ද ගිරි‌ලෙන් ආශ්‍රිත දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙතකට හුරු වන්නට ඇති බව ‌බො‌හෝ විද්‍යාර්ථයින් විශ්වාස තරති. ‌මෙයට අමතර ව, ඔවුන් ඵල-අල ආහාරයට ගනිමින් ද, වන මී රැස්වන කාලයට මී කැඩි‌මෙන් ද දිවි ‌පෙ‌‌වෙත සරි කර ගත් හ. වැද්දන් ආහාර පුළුස්සා ගැනීම කරන අතර, අලවර්ග ‌‌බො‌හෝවිට උණු අළුපල්‌ලේ ලා තම්බා ගැනීම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. දඩයම් කිරීම හා ආහාර අනුභවය කණ්ඩායමක් වශ‌යෙන් එකට ම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. වැඩිපුර ඇති ආහාර ද්‍රව්‍ය හිඟ කාලයන් සඳහා කල් තබා ගැනීමට මස් වර්ග වියලීම (හෙවත් කරවල කිරීම), එල්ලා දුම්ගැස්ස වීම ‌හෝ මීපැනිවල බහා තැබීම වැනි ක්‍රියාවන් කළ හ. '''රෑ‌‌හේ නායකයා''' වැදි‌ගෝත්‍රය සංවිධානය වන්නේ 'නායකයෙකු' වටා ය. එ‌හෙයින් විවිධ වූ වැදිජනප්‍රජාවන් සඳහා නායක‌යෝ සිටිය හ. එ‌හෙත් පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් වැදි ජනතාව‌ගේ ප්‍රාමාණාත්මක අඩුවීම නිසා සහ ආණ්ඩුව විසින් ඔවුන් වසන ප්‍ර‌දේශ පාලනය නායකයන්ගේ පැවැත්ම ක්‍රමයෙන් නැති ව ගි‌යේ ය. වැදි ප්‍රජා‌වේ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන නායක‌යෙක් ‌‌ලෙස මෑත යුග‌යේ සිටි‌යේ දඹා‌නේ මහාවන්නියලැත්‌‌තෝ ‌හෙවත් තිසාහාමිලැත්‌තෝ ය. ===පවුල් දිවිය=== වැදි ජනයා අතර [[ඥාතීත්වය]] සහ ඔවුන්ට ආමන්ත්‍රණය සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජාව ‌මෙන් ‌‌වෙයි. අප්පිලැත්‌තෝ (පියා), අම්මිලැත්‌තෝ (මව), ආදි වශ‌යෙන් 'ලැත්‌තෝ' යන පාඨය ඥාතිතවයට පසුව ‌යෙදී‌මෙන් ඔවුහු ආමන්ත්‍රණය තනා ගනිති. බිරිද(කුඩ්‌පෙත්ත)ට ‌බො‌හෝ විට, 'නංගිලැත්‌තෝ' යන ‌යෙඳුම ‌යොදනු‌යේ, වැදිජනප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ඇති බෑණා සහ නැනා (ඇවැස්ස හුරා-නෑනා) විවාහයන් නිසා‌වෙන් ය. සිංහල සමාජ‌යේ ‌මෙන් ම, විවාහ සහ ලිංගික සම්බන්ධතා සම්බන්ධ‌යෙන් විවිධ වූ තහංචි පැන වී තිබිණි. නිදසුනක් ‌ලෙස, මාමා සහ නෑනැ අතර, බෑණා සහ නැන්දා අතර ‌මෙන් ම, මවු-පිය පාර්ෂව‌යේ ස‌හෝදරයන් ‌හෝ වියපත් ස‌හෝදර ස‌හෝදරියන් අතරත් විවාහයන් තහනම් විණ. එ‌හෙත් මරණයක දී, මළ ස‌හෝදරිය ‌හෝ ස‌හෝදරයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් සැමියා ‌හෝ බිරිය එකී පවු‌ලේ තව ස‌හෝදරියක් ‌හෝ ස‌හොදරයෙක් විවාහ කර ගැනීම සිඳු විම නිසා, නැවතත් දරුවන් හට ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබිණ. '''පවුල් සම්බන්ධතා''' අඹු-සැමි දිවිය අගය කළ වැදි ජනයා අතර, සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ලැ‌බෙන බහුභාර්යා ‌සේවනය ‌හෝ බහු පුරුෂ ‌සේවනය තබා, පරදාර ‌සේවනය වත් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. විවාහ‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනයා ස්වකීය භාර්යාවන්ට මනා ‌සේ ඇළුම් කළ අතර, එකි‌නෙකාට විශ්වාසවන්ත ‌ලෙස ද ජීවත් විය. එ‌හෙයින් වි‌දේශිය මිශනාරිවරුන් විසින් ‌කෙවල විවහා කුමය ලංකාවට හඳුන්වා දීමට පෙර සිට ම, වැද්දන් අතර ‌කේවල විවාහ ක්‍රමය තිබූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌රේ ගැහැණිය හට මනා ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබුණු අතර, ඇය පවු‌ලේ පළමු ‌කොට, ආහාර‌යෙන් ‌කොටස භුක්ති වින්ද හ. ‌මෙයින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්නේ කාන්තාව වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌‌රේ ‌ගෞවරවයට පාත්‍ර වූ බවකි. '''විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන්''' වැදි දරු‌වෝ කල් ‌නොයවා ස්වකීය නෑන-හුරා විවාහයන්ට ඇතුළු ‌වෙති. ඔවුන් අතර ස‌හෝදර ස‌හොදරි ව්‍යවාහයන් ‌හෝ විවාහයට ‌පෙර ලිංගිත සම්බන්ධතාවන් සිදු ‌නො‌වේ. විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන් ‌බො‌හෝ ‌සේ ලුහුඩු ය; සරල ය. තරුණ වැදි ‌කොළු‌වෙකු හිතගිය තරුණි‌ය‌ගේ ‌පියාගේ ගෙට පැණි මුලක් හා මස් රැ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ‌යොජනාව පියාට පවසන අතර, පියා විසින් ඇයට නියඳ පට්ටාවලින් ඇඹරූ රෑනක් ‌ගෙන ඔහු‌ගේ ඉණ වටා බඳිනු ලැ‌බේ. එතැන් සිට ‌‌දෙ‌දෙනා අඹු-සැමි‌යෝ ‌වෙති. ඒ රෑණ දිරා ගිය කල්හි, අලුත් නියඳ රෑණක් අඹරා බැඳී‌මේ කාර්යය භාර්ය්‍යාව සතු ‌වෙයි. සාමාන්‍ය‌යෙන් මාමලැත්‌තෝ විසින් බඹර වද ඇති තැනක් පවරා දීමත්, දඩ බල්ලන් සහ දුනු ඊතල දීමත් කරන ලදි. සමහර අවස්ථාවලදි මනමාලයා විසින් මනමාලියට ‌රෙදිපිලි දීම පසුකාලින ව ඇති වූ සිරිකත් බව ‌පෙනේ. විවාහ‌යෙන් පසුව බෑනා මාමා‌ගේ රෑණට එකතුවී, දඩයමට සහයවීම සිඳු ‌වෙයි. එබැවින් වැදි ජනයා අත‌රේ පිරිමි දරුවන්ට වඩා ගැහැණු දරැවන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි ඇල්මක් ඇත. '''දරුදැරි‌යෝ''' විවාහ‌යෙන් පසු, දරු ගැබක් පහළ වූ පසු, වැදි ජනයා අතර ආරක්ෂාවන් සඳහා විවිධ [[අභිචාර]] විධී භාවිතා කරයි. පුරාණ‌යෙදී 'පට්ටා යකා' පූජාවක් කරමින් ගැබ් ආරක්ෂා කළ බව ප්‍රකට ය. ප්‍රසූතිය ගල්‌ලෙනක ‌හෝ පැ‌ලේදී සිඳු විණ. ප්‍රසූති‌යෙන් පසු ව විවිධ මස්-මාශ වර්ග අනුභවය නුසුදුසුයයි පිළි ගැනීමක් විණ. එ‌සේ ම කිරී එරීම සඳහා ම ‌යොග්‍යයයි පිළිගත් අලවර්ග ආහාරයට දීම කරන ලදි. [[image:Vaddas Family.jpg|thumb|right|150px| වැදි දරුදැරි‌යෝ]] දරුවා හට මසක් තුළ නමක් දුන් අතර, යකුන්‌ගේ ‌දොස් වලින් ආරක්ෂා කර ගැනීමට දරුවා ‌බො‌හෝ විට හඳුන්වනු ලැබු‌වේ විවිධ වූ හුරතල් නම් වලිනි. ඔවුන්‌ගේ නියම නමින් හඳුවන්නට පටන් ගන්‌නේ දරුවා වැඩුණු පසු ය. දරුවන් ‌ගේ වයස අවුරුදු හත පමණ වනතුරැත් ඔවුන් නිර්වස්ත්‍රව සිටිති. වයස අවුරුදු දහය-දො‌ළොහ පමණ වය‌සේ දී දරුවන් විසින් ගල්දුනු භාවිත‌යෙන් කුරුල්ලන් සහ කුඩා සතුන් දඩයම් කරති. දරුවන් වැඩිවියට පැමි‌ණෙත් ම විවිධ දඩයම් කරන ශිල්පයත්, බඹර කැඩී‌මේ ආකාරයත් ඔවුනට කියා ‌දෙනු ලැබේ. ‌මෙ‌සේ වැඩුණු පිරිමි දරුවන් දඩයම් සහ බඹර කැඩී‌මේ දී හවුල් කර ගන්‌නේ එකී කුසලතා වර්ධනය කිරීමට ය. වැදි දැරිවිය මල්වර වූ විට, ඇය [[නුග]] ගසක් ‌වෙතට ‌‌ගොස් ගල් කැටවලින් එයට ගැසීමත්, එය කන වැකුණු මව වතුර කළයක් ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ඇය නහවා, හිසිට පසුපසින් එය බිමට වැටී බිඳී සියලු ‌දොස් දුරු කිරීම හැර ‌වෙනත් වි‌ශේෂිත ‌[[කොටහළු සිරිත්]] නැත. පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් සිංහල මල්වර සිරිත් වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වීම නිසා, මල්වර දැරිය කිළි පැලක වැඩිමහළු කාන්තාවක් හා තැබීම හා ඒ ආශ්‍රිත අභිචාර විධි කිරීම දැන් අපට අසන්නට දක්නිනට ඇත. මරණය වැද්දන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි භිය උපදවන අවස්ථාවකි. එවැන් විට ඔවුහු ගල්‌ලෙන් අතැර යති. එ‌සේ කරනු‌යේ, මළ පුද්ගලයන් ඔවුන් හඹා එනු ඇතයි බි‌යෙනි. වැද්දන් විශ්වාස කරන පරිදි, මරණ‌යෙන් පසු ස්වකිය ඥාතියා නෑ ය‌කෙකු කිරීමට, දින කිහිපයක් මළ පුද්ගලයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් පුද පූජා පවත්වති. '''බාහිර සම්බන්ධතා''' ‌රොබට් ‌‌‌නොක්ස් පවසන පරිදි, ඔවුන් මුව දඩය‌මෙහි සහ දුම් ගැස්සවීම් කිරීම් තුළින් වියලා ගැනීම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. සිංහල මිනිස්සු දඩමස් ලබා ගැනීමට වැද්දන් ‌වෙත පැමිණිය හ. රජු‌ගේ කෑම ‌මේසයට සඩමස් සැපයීම කාර්‌යේ ද නිරිත විය. ඒවාට අමතර ව, රජු හට ඇත්දළ සැපයීම ද, මී පැණි සහ මී ඉටි සැපයීම ද කරන ලදි. රජු ද ඔවුන්ට ප්‍රත්‍යුපකාර වශ‌යෙන් වැද්දන් හට ‌රෙදිපිළි සහ ඊතල ආදිය දුන්‌නේ ය. ‌රොබට් ‌නොක්ස්‌ගේ වාර්තාවට අනුව වැද්‌දෝ වරක් රජුට එ‌රෙහිව පැමිණි යුද්ධවලදී සටන් කළ හ. එ‌සේම, ඔවුහු ඔවුන්ට අයිති ප්‍ර‌දේශ ආරක්ෂා කරමින් රජුට ද වක්‍රාකාර ව ආරක්ෂාව සපයන ලදී. ===වැදි බස=== වැදිභාෂාව ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් කළ පර්‌යේෂණයන් ඇසුරින් විලියම් ගයිගර් වියතාණන් දක්වන්‌නේ, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ඇ‌බොරජිනි වැනි ‌‌ගෝත්‍රික ප්‍රජාවක් බවත්, දකුණු ඉන්දියා‌වේ ‌පෞරාණික ‌ගෝත්‍රයන්ට නෑ සබදතාවක් දක්වන ඇති බවත් ය. [[ආරියන්]] සංක්‍රමණයන්ට ‌පෙර පටන් ඔවුහු ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ විසූ ආදිවාසින් වූ අතර, අනාර්ය භාෂාවක් කතා කළ බවකි (Indian Historical Quartely, XI. pp. 515-516). වැද්දන් විසින් වනාතර‌යේ දඩයමට යන අතර භාවිතා කළ රහස් බසක් වශ‌යෙන් ඔවුන්‌ගේ භාෂාව වර්ධනය වන්නට ඇත. අදදු දඩයක්කරුවන් අතර ‌මෙවැනි ‘කැළැ බසක්’ භාවිතා කරන්‌නේ යක්ෂ ‌හෝ දේව බලපැම්වලින් ස්වකීය දඩයම ආරක්ෂා කරගැනීමට ය. මූලීක වශ‌යෙන් [[ආදිවැසියන්]] ‌ලෙස වර්ධනය වූ වැද්දන්‌ගේ අනාර්ය බස ක්‍රම‌යෙන් [[ආර්යන්]]ගේ පැමිණිම හා සිංහල භාෂාව හා සම්මිශ්‍රණය වි‌මෙන් දැන් භාවිතා කරන ආකෘතියට පරිවර්තනය වන්නට ඇත. ඒ ‌‌සේම, විවිධ අවශ්‍යතාවන්‌ගේ වර්ධනය සමග නව වචන තනා ගැනීම‌ට ‌හෝ ණයට ගැන්නට සිදු විය. ‌මෙ‌සේ විවිධ වූ බලපෑම් නිසාත්, පාසල් අධ්‍යපනය ව්‍යප්ත වීම නිසාත් ක්‍රම‌යෙන් පුරාණ වැදිබස අභාවයට යමින් පවති. ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. වැද්දන්ගේ ඇදහිලි රටාව මළ ඥාති වන්දනාවකි (Obesekera, 'G. Sinhal religion.' In M. Eliade ed. ''The encylopedia of religion, Vol 13.'' New York: Macmillan, 1987.). ===විශ්වාස=== ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== ජාන විද්‍යාත්මක පර්‌යේෂණයන් තුළින් තහවුරු වී ඇත්‌තේ උතුරු ඉන්දියානු ආර්ය සංක්‍රමණයට ‌පෙර විසු ප්‍රග්-ආර්ය ජනතාව හා සම්බන්ධතාවක් ඇති බව ය. කලාන්තරයක් තිස්‌සේ සිංහල හා දෙමළ ජනතාව අත‌රේ වාසය කළ වැද්දන් එකී ජනසමාජයන්ට ක්‍රම‌යෙන් සම්මිශ්‍රණය විය. වාද්දන්‌ගේ රුධිර වර්ග පරික්ෂා‌වේදී ‌සොයා ලනු ලැබු‌වේ ‌බො‌හෝ ආදිවාසි ජනවර්ගවල දක්නට ඇති O රුධිර කාණ්ඩය බහුතරයට ඇති බවකි. එ‌සේ ම ස්වල්ප ජන ‌කොට්ඨාශයක A රුධිර ගණය දක්නට තිබූ අතර, ඔවුන් අතර‌වෙනත් රුධිර කාණ්ඩයන් දක්නට නැත. අද සිංහලයන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත ව ඇති පවුල් කිහිපයක් ස්වකීය සම්භවය වැදිජන ප්‍රජාව ආශ්‍රය ‌‌කොට සිදුවිණයි ආඩම්බර‌යේ සඳහන් කරති. == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ද සිල්වා, එම්. ඩබ්. සුගතපාල, ''දඹා‌නේ වැදි බස '' ‌කොළඹ: සරසවි ප්‍රකාශ‌යෝ, 1964. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ජන සමාජය]] [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] 5578 2006-06-09T09:18:30Z Ravincaldera 100 ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. [[image:Ceylon Native Village.jpg|thumb|right|350px| ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ වැදි පවුලක් (1910)]] ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරුවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ: මහා වංශ‌යේ සඳහන් වන පරිදි, [[විජය කුමරු]]වා කු‌වේණිය හා දරුවන් අතහැර දමා, විවහාය සඳහා රාජ කන්‍යවක් ඉන්දියා‌වෙන් ‌ගෙ‌නෙන ලදි. එහි දී [[කු‌වේණිය]] නැවත [[ලංකාපුර‌]]යෙහි ස්වකීය [[යක්ෂ]] ප්‍රජාව ‌වෙත හරවා යවන අතර, එහි දී ඇති වූ දබරයක දී ඇය මරණයට පත්වන්ණි ය. ඇය‌ගේ බාල ‌සො‌හොයුරා පැමිණ දරුවන් හට පලා යමට පවසයි. ඔවුන් සමන්-කුළ ([[සම‌නොළ කන්ද]])ට ‌ගොස් ‌ නැගණී දෙටු ‌සොයුරා හා වාසය ‌කොට, [[මලයා රට]] හෙවත් කදුකර ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජන ප්‍රජාවක් බිහි කළ අතර, ඔවුන් පුලින්දා ‌ලෙස දක්වා ඇත ([[මහාවංශය]] පරි. 7.59-68). පුලින්දන් පිළිබඳ ව සටහනක් තබන ගයිගර් තුමා පවසන්‌නේ, ඔවුන් ‌මේ‌‌ලේජ්‍ය ‌ගෝත්‍රික ප්‍රජාවක් වන්නට ඇති බවත්, පසුව වැද්දන් බවට හඳුන්වන්නට ඇති බවත් ය. ‌‌කොළඹ, කළුතර සහ ගාල්ල ආශ්‍රිත ප්‍රදේශ‌යේ සිට කදුකරය දක්වා ප්‍ර‌දේශය ‘සබරගමුව’ ‌ලෙසින් හදුන්වන අතර, එය ව්‍යුත්පන්න වන්නට ඇත්‌තේ ‘පුලින්ද’ යන්නට සමාන පදයක් වන [[සංස්කෘත]] ‘සබර,’ [[පාලි]] ‘සවර’ ‌මගින් ය. ‌උක්ත නිගමනයට අනුව ම යමින් ශ්‍රී සුමංගල හිමියන් හා බටුවන්තුඩා‌වේ ‌දේවරක්ෂිත පඬිවරයාණන් ඔවුන්‌ගේ [[මහාවංශ]] පරිවර්ත‌යේ ‘පුලින්ද’ වදන ‘වැද්දන්’ වශ‌යෙන් ඍජුව ම දක්වා ඇත. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ [[විජයාගමනයට]] ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්සන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌[[ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ්]] ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිවැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ '[[වන්නියලෑත්තන්]]' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. [[සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌ත]]හි ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌[[හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන්]] ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== වැදිසමාජය තුළ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන ධුරාවලියක් දක්නට නැති තරම් ය. ‌බො‌හෝ විට වැදි රැළක් වැදිනායකයකු යට‌තේ පාලනය විය. ආදිවාසි ජන ප්‍රජාවන්හි දක්නට ඇති ආකාර‌යේ, ‌ගෝත්‍ර අතර ‌වෛරයක් ‌හෝ ‌ගෝත්‍ර සටන් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. එක ම ප්‍ර‌දේශයක වරිග කිහිපයක වැදිජන ප්‍රජාවන් සමාදාන‌යෙන් ජීවත් වුව ද, ප්‍ර‌දේශයට ඇතුල්වීමේ දී විවිධ තහංචි ඔවුනොවුන් අතර විණ. සමහර වැදි වරිග‌යෝ ගඟක් ‌හෝ කැළැ ‌පෙ‌දෙසක් හරහා ‌වෙනත් ප්‍ර‌දේශයන් වලට සංක්‍රමණය වූ හ. ‌මෙ‌සේ ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යෙන් ප්‍ර‌දේශයට වැදි ප්‍රජාවන්‌ගේ ව්‍යාප්තවීම සිඳු වි ය. ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. සී. ජී. සෙල්ග්මාන්ට අනුව වැද්දන්‌‌ගේ වරිග ‌බෙදීම ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් ස්වකීය ‌ගෝත්‍ර‌යෙන් පිට විවහා වීම ‌හෙවත් [[බහිර්‌වෛවාහික]] සහ මාතෘ පාර්ෂව මූලීක, ඌරා සහ ‌මොනරා ආශ්‍රීත ගෝත්‍ර විහ්න ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් ‌ගොඩ නැගුනක් බව ය (C. G. Seligmann, The Vaddas, 1911, p.30.). භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===දිවි‌පෙ‌වෙත=== මුල් කාල‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනප්‍රජාව ගල්‌ලෙන් ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ අතර, පසුව පැල්පත් ආශ්‍රීත ගම්මාන කරා සංක්‍රමණය වන්නට ඇත. [[image:gathering honey.jpg|thumb|left|150px|බඹර පැණි එකතු කරන අනතුරුදායක අවස්ථාවක් (1887)]] ඒවා වැදි ‌කොරටු ‌ලෙසින් හැඳින් වූ අතර, වරින් වර, ආහාර ‌සොයා ගත හැකි පමණට කොරටු‌වෙන් ‌කොරටුවට වැදි ප්‍රජාව සංක්‍රමණය වී‌මේ සිරිතක් විය. පසුකාලීනව ඇති වූ ගම්වැද්‌දෝ ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් හේන් ‌ගොවිතැන ඇසුරු ‌‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුදු, ඔවුන්‌ගේ සාම්ප්‍රදායික දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙත සම්පුර්ණ‌යෙන් ම අත් ‌නොහැරිය හ. වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් දඩයම් කිරී‌මෙන් ජීවත් වූ අතර, ඔවුන්‌ගේ මුලීක ප්‍රවනතාවය වූ‌යේ ‌ගොනා දඩයම් කිරීම ය. ‌ගොනා ගිරි ආශ්‍රිත ව වාසය කළ නිසා වැද්දන් ද ගිරි‌ලෙන් ආශ්‍රිත දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙතකට හුරු වන්නට ඇති බව ‌බො‌හෝ විද්‍යාර්ථයින් විශ්වාස තරති. ‌මෙයට අමතර ව, ඔවුන් ඵල-අල ආහාරයට ගනිමින් ද, වන මී රැස්වන කාලයට මී කැඩි‌මෙන් ද දිවි ‌පෙ‌‌වෙත සරි කර ගත් හ. වැද්දන් ආහාර පුළුස්සා ගැනීම කරන අතර, අලවර්ග ‌‌බො‌හෝවිට උණු අළුපල්‌ලේ ලා තම්බා ගැනීම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. දඩයම් කිරීම හා ආහාර අනුභවය කණ්ඩායමක් වශ‌යෙන් එකට ම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. වැඩිපුර ඇති ආහාර ද්‍රව්‍ය හිඟ කාලයන් සඳහා කල් තබා ගැනීමට මස් වර්ග වියලීම (හෙවත් කරවල කිරීම), එල්ලා දුම්ගැස්ස වීම ‌හෝ මීපැනිවල බහා තැබීම වැනි ක්‍රියාවන් කළ හ. '''රෑ‌‌හේ නායකයා''' වැදි‌ගෝත්‍රය සංවිධානය වන්නේ 'නායකයෙකු' වටා ය. එ‌හෙයින් විවිධ වූ වැදිජනප්‍රජාවන් සඳහා නායක‌යෝ සිටිය හ. එ‌හෙත් පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් වැදි ජනතාව‌ගේ ප්‍රාමාණාත්මක අඩුවීම නිසා සහ ආණ්ඩුව විසින් ඔවුන් වසන ප්‍ර‌දේශ පාලනය නායකයන්ගේ පැවැත්ම ක්‍රමයෙන් නැති ව ගි‌යේ ය. වැදි ප්‍රජා‌වේ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන නායක‌යෙක් ‌‌ලෙස මෑත යුග‌යේ සිටි‌යේ දඹා‌නේ මහාවන්නියලැත්‌‌තෝ ‌හෙවත් තිසාහාමිලැත්‌තෝ ය. ===පවුල් දිවිය=== වැදි ජනයා අතර [[ඥාතීත්වය]] සහ ඔවුන්ට ආමන්ත්‍රණය සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජාව ‌මෙන් ‌‌වෙයි. අප්පිලැත්‌තෝ (පියා), අම්මිලැත්‌තෝ (මව), ආදි වශ‌යෙන් 'ලැත්‌තෝ' යන පාඨය ඥාතිතවයට පසුව ‌යෙදී‌මෙන් ඔවුහු ආමන්ත්‍රණය තනා ගනිති. බිරිද(කුඩ්‌පෙත්ත)ට ‌බො‌හෝ විට, 'නංගිලැත්‌තෝ' යන ‌යෙඳුම ‌යොදනු‌යේ, වැදිජනප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ඇති බෑණා සහ නැනා (ඇවැස්ස හුරා-නෑනා) විවාහයන් නිසා‌වෙන් ය. සිංහල සමාජ‌යේ ‌මෙන් ම, විවාහ සහ ලිංගික සම්බන්ධතා සම්බන්ධ‌යෙන් විවිධ වූ තහංචි පැන වී තිබිණි. නිදසුනක් ‌ලෙස, මාමා සහ නෑනැ අතර, බෑණා සහ නැන්දා අතර ‌මෙන් ම, මවු-පිය පාර්ෂව‌යේ ස‌හෝදරයන් ‌හෝ වියපත් ස‌හෝදර ස‌හෝදරියන් අතරත් විවාහයන් තහනම් විණ. එ‌හෙත් මරණයක දී, මළ ස‌හෝදරිය ‌හෝ ස‌හෝදරයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් සැමියා ‌හෝ බිරිය එකී පවු‌ලේ තව ස‌හෝදරියක් ‌හෝ ස‌හොදරයෙක් විවාහ කර ගැනීම සිඳු විම නිසා, නැවතත් දරුවන් හට ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබිණ. '''පවුල් සම්බන්ධතා''' අඹු-සැමි දිවිය අගය කළ වැදි ජනයා අතර, සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ලැ‌බෙන බහුභාර්යා ‌සේවනය ‌හෝ බහු පුරුෂ ‌සේවනය තබා, පරදාර ‌සේවනය වත් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. විවාහ‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනයා ස්වකීය භාර්යාවන්ට මනා ‌සේ ඇළුම් කළ අතර, එකි‌නෙකාට විශ්වාසවන්ත ‌ලෙස ද ජීවත් විය. එ‌හෙයින් වි‌දේශිය මිශනාරිවරුන් විසින් ‌කෙවල විවහා කුමය ලංකාවට හඳුන්වා දීමට පෙර සිට ම, වැද්දන් අතර ‌කේවල විවාහ ක්‍රමය තිබූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌රේ ගැහැණිය හට මනා ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබුණු අතර, ඇය පවු‌ලේ පළමු ‌කොට, ආහාර‌යෙන් ‌කොටස භුක්ති වින්ද හ. ‌මෙයින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්නේ කාන්තාව වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌‌රේ ‌ගෞවරවයට පාත්‍ර වූ බවකි. '''විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන්''' වැදි දරු‌වෝ කල් ‌නොයවා ස්වකීය නෑන-හුරා විවාහයන්ට ඇතුළු ‌වෙති. ඔවුන් අතර ස‌හෝදර ස‌හොදරි ව්‍යවාහයන් ‌හෝ විවාහයට ‌පෙර ලිංගිත සම්බන්ධතාවන් සිදු ‌නො‌වේ. විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන් ‌බො‌හෝ ‌සේ ලුහුඩු ය; සරල ය. තරුණ වැදි ‌කොළු‌වෙකු හිතගිය තරුණි‌ය‌ගේ ‌පියාගේ ගෙට පැණි මුලක් හා මස් රැ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ‌යොජනාව පියාට පවසන අතර, පියා විසින් ඇයට නියඳ පට්ටාවලින් ඇඹරූ රෑනක් ‌ගෙන ඔහු‌ගේ ඉණ වටා බඳිනු ලැ‌බේ. එතැන් සිට ‌‌දෙ‌දෙනා අඹු-සැමි‌යෝ ‌වෙති. ඒ රෑණ දිරා ගිය කල්හි, අලුත් නියඳ රෑණක් අඹරා බැඳී‌මේ කාර්යය භාර්ය්‍යාව සතු ‌වෙයි. සාමාන්‍ය‌යෙන් මාමලැත්‌තෝ විසින් බඹර වද ඇති තැනක් පවරා දීමත්, දඩ බල්ලන් සහ දුනු ඊතල දීමත් කරන ලදි. සමහර අවස්ථාවලදි මනමාලයා විසින් මනමාලියට ‌රෙදිපිලි දීම පසුකාලින ව ඇති වූ සිරිකත් බව ‌පෙනේ. විවාහ‌යෙන් පසුව බෑනා මාමා‌ගේ රෑණට එකතුවී, දඩයමට සහයවීම සිඳු ‌වෙයි. එබැවින් වැදි ජනයා අත‌රේ පිරිමි දරුවන්ට වඩා ගැහැණු දරැවන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි ඇල්මක් ඇත. '''දරුදැරි‌යෝ''' විවාහ‌යෙන් පසු, දරු ගැබක් පහළ වූ පසු, වැදි ජනයා අතර ආරක්ෂාවන් සඳහා විවිධ [[අභිචාර]] විධී භාවිතා කරයි. පුරාණ‌යෙදී 'පට්ටා යකා' පූජාවක් කරමින් ගැබ් ආරක්ෂා කළ බව ප්‍රකට ය. ප්‍රසූතිය ගල්‌ලෙනක ‌හෝ පැ‌ලේදී සිඳු විණ. ප්‍රසූති‌යෙන් පසු ව විවිධ මස්-මාශ වර්ග අනුභවය නුසුදුසුයයි පිළි ගැනීමක් විණ. එ‌සේ ම කිරී එරීම සඳහා ම ‌යොග්‍යයයි පිළිගත් අලවර්ග ආහාරයට දීම කරන ලදි. [[image:Vaddas meeting.jpg|thumb|right|150px| පිටස්තරයන් හමූ වූ ‌මො‌හොතක්...(1887)]] දරුවා හට මසක් තුළ නමක් දුන් අතර, යකුන්‌ගේ ‌දොස් වලින් ආරක්ෂා කර ගැනීමට දරුවා ‌බො‌හෝ විට හඳුන්වනු ලැබු‌වේ විවිධ වූ හුරතල් නම් වලිනි. ඔවුන්‌ගේ නියම නමින් හඳුවන්නට පටන් ගන්‌නේ දරුවා වැඩුණු පසු ය. දරුවන් ‌ගේ වයස අවුරුදු හත පමණ වනතුරැත් ඔවුන් නිර්වස්ත්‍රව සිටිති. වයස අවුරුදු දහය-දො‌ළොහ පමණ වය‌සේ දී දරුවන් විසින් ගල්දුනු භාවිත‌යෙන් කුරුල්ලන් සහ කුඩා සතුන් දඩයම් කරති. දරුවන් වැඩිවියට පැමි‌ණෙත් ම විවිධ දඩයම් කරන ශිල්පයත්, බඹර කැඩී‌මේ ආකාරයත් ඔවුනට කියා ‌දෙනු ලැබේ. ‌මෙ‌සේ වැඩුණු පිරිමි දරුවන් දඩයම් සහ බඹර කැඩී‌මේ දී හවුල් කර ගන්‌නේ එකී කුසලතා වර්ධනය කිරීමට ය. වැදි දැරිවිය මල්වර වූ විට, ඇය [[නුග]] ගසක් ‌වෙතට ‌‌ගොස් ගල් කැටවලින් එයට ගැසීමත්, එය කන වැකුණු මව වතුර කළයක් ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ඇය නහවා, හිසිට පසුපසින් එය බිමට වැටී බිඳී සියලු ‌දොස් දුරු කිරීම හැර ‌වෙනත් වි‌ශේෂිත ‌[[කොටහළු සිරිත්]] නැත. පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් සිංහල මල්වර සිරිත් වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වීම නිසා, මල්වර දැරිය කිළි පැලක වැඩිමහළු කාන්තාවක් හා තැබීම හා ඒ ආශ්‍රිත අභිචාර විධි කිරීම දැන් අපට අසන්නට දක්නිනට ඇත. මරණය වැද්දන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි භිය උපදවන අවස්ථාවකි. එවැන් විට ඔවුහු ගල්‌ලෙන් අතැර යති. එ‌සේ කරනු‌යේ, මළ පුද්ගලයන් ඔවුන් හඹා එනු ඇතයි බි‌යෙනි. වැද්දන් විශ්වාස කරන පරිදි, මරණ‌යෙන් පසු ස්වකිය ඥාතියා නෑ ය‌කෙකු කිරීමට, දින කිහිපයක් මළ පුද්ගලයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් පුද පූජා පවත්වති. '''බාහිර සම්බන්ධතා''' ‌රොබට් ‌‌‌නොක්ස් පවසන පරිදි, ඔවුන් මුව දඩය‌මෙහි සහ දුම් ගැස්සවීම් කිරීම් තුළින් වියලා ගැනීම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. සිංහල මිනිස්සු දඩමස් ලබා ගැනීමට වැද්දන් ‌වෙත පැමිණිය හ. රජු‌ගේ කෑම ‌මේසයට සඩමස් සැපයීම කාර්‌යේ ද නිරිත විය. ඒවාට අමතර ව, රජු හට ඇත්දළ සැපයීම ද, මී පැණි සහ මී ඉටි සැපයීම ද කරන ලදි. රජු ද ඔවුන්ට ප්‍රත්‍යුපකාර වශ‌යෙන් වැද්දන් හට ‌රෙදිපිළි සහ ඊතල ආදිය දුන්‌නේ ය. ‌රොබට් ‌නොක්ස්‌ගේ වාර්තාවට අනුව වැද්‌දෝ වරක් රජුට එ‌රෙහිව පැමිණි යුද්ධවලදී සටන් කළ හ. එ‌සේම, ඔවුහු ඔවුන්ට අයිති ප්‍ර‌දේශ ආරක්ෂා කරමින් රජුට ද වක්‍රාකාර ව ආරක්ෂාව සපයන ලදී. ===වැදි බස=== වැදිභාෂාව ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් කළ පර්‌යේෂණයන් ඇසුරින් විලියම් ගයිගර් වියතාණන් දක්වන්‌නේ, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ඇ‌බොරජිනි වැනි ‌‌ගෝත්‍රික ප්‍රජාවක් බවත්, දකුණු ඉන්දියා‌වේ ‌පෞරාණික ‌ගෝත්‍රයන්ට නෑ සබදතාවක් දක්වන ඇති බවත් ය. [[ආරියන්]] සංක්‍රමණයන්ට ‌පෙර පටන් ඔවුහු ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ විසූ ආදිවාසින් වූ අතර, අනාර්ය භාෂාවක් කතා කළ බවකි (Indian Historical Quartely, XI. pp. 515-516). වැද්දන් විසින් වනාතර‌යේ දඩයමට යන අතර භාවිතා කළ රහස් බසක් වශ‌යෙන් ඔවුන්‌ගේ භාෂාව වර්ධනය වන්නට ඇත. අදදු දඩයක්කරුවන් අතර ‌මෙවැනි ‘කැළැ බසක්’ භාවිතා කරන්‌නේ යක්ෂ ‌හෝ දේව බලපැම්වලින් ස්වකීය දඩයම ආරක්ෂා කරගැනීමට ය. මූලීක වශ‌යෙන් [[ආදිවැසියන්]] ‌ලෙස වර්ධනය වූ වැද්දන්‌ගේ අනාර්ය බස ක්‍රම‌යෙන් [[ආර්යන්]]ගේ පැමිණිම හා සිංහල භාෂාව හා සම්මිශ්‍රණය වි‌මෙන් දැන් භාවිතා කරන ආකෘතියට පරිවර්තනය වන්නට ඇත. ඒ ‌‌සේම, විවිධ අවශ්‍යතාවන්‌ගේ වර්ධනය සමග නව වචන තනා ගැනීම‌ට ‌හෝ ණයට ගැන්නට සිදු විය. ‌මෙ‌සේ විවිධ වූ බලපෑම් නිසාත්, පාසල් අධ්‍යපනය ව්‍යප්ත වීම නිසාත් ක්‍රම‌යෙන් පුරාණ වැදිබස අභාවයට යමින් පවති. ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. වැද්දන්ගේ ඇදහිලි රටාව මළ ඥාති වන්දනාවකි (Obesekera, 'G. Sinhal religion.' In M. Eliade ed. ''The encylopedia of religion, Vol 13.'' New York: Macmillan, 1987.). ===විශ්වාස=== ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== ජාන විද්‍යාත්මක පර්‌යේෂණයන් තුළින් තහවුරු වී ඇත්‌තේ උතුරු ඉන්දියානු ආර්ය සංක්‍රමණයට ‌පෙර විසු ප්‍රග්-ආර්ය ජනතාව හා සම්බන්ධතාවක් ඇති බව ය. කලාන්තරයක් තිස්‌සේ සිංහල හා දෙමළ ජනතාව අත‌රේ වාසය කළ වැද්දන් එකී ජනසමාජයන්ට ක්‍රම‌යෙන් සම්මිශ්‍රණය විය. වාද්දන්‌ගේ රුධිර වර්ග පරික්ෂා‌වේදී ‌සොයා ලනු ලැබු‌වේ ‌බො‌හෝ ආදිවාසි ජනවර්ගවල දක්නට ඇති O රුධිර කාණ්ඩය බහුතරයට ඇති බවකි. එ‌සේ ම ස්වල්ප ජන ‌කොට්ඨාශයක A රුධිර ගණය දක්නට තිබූ අතර, ඔවුන් අතර‌වෙනත් රුධිර කාණ්ඩයන් දක්නට නැත. අද සිංහලයන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත ව ඇති පවුල් කිහිපයක් ස්වකීය සම්භවය වැදිජන ප්‍රජාව ආශ්‍රය ‌‌කොට සිදුවිණයි ආඩම්බර‌යේ සඳහන් කරති. == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ද සිල්වා, එම්. ඩබ්. සුගතපාල, ''දඹා‌නේ වැදි බස '' ‌කොළඹ: සරසවි ප්‍රකාශ‌යෝ, 1964. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ජන සමාජය]] [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] 5580 2006-06-09T09:22:24Z Ravincaldera 100 ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. [[image:Ceylon Native Village.jpg|thumb|right|350px| ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ වැදි පවුලක් (1910)]] ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරුවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ: මහා වංශ‌යේ සඳහන් වන පරිදි, [[විජය කුමරු]]වා කු‌වේණිය හා දරුවන් අතහැර දමා, විවහාය සඳහා රාජ කන්‍යවක් ඉන්දියා‌වෙන් ‌ගෙ‌නෙන ලදි. එහි දී [[කු‌වේණිය]] නැවත [[ලංකාපුර‌]]යෙහි ස්වකීය [[යක්ෂ]] ප්‍රජාව ‌වෙත හරවා යවන අතර, එහි දී ඇති වූ දබරයක දී ඇය මරණයට පත්වන්ණි ය. ඇය‌ගේ බාල ‌සො‌හොයුරා පැමිණ දරුවන් හට පලා යමට පවසයි. ඔවුන් සමන්-කුළ ([[සම‌නොළ කන්ද]])ට ‌ගොස් ‌ නැගණී දෙටු ‌සොයුරා හා වාසය ‌කොට, [[මලයා රට]] හෙවත් කදුකර ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජන ප්‍රජාවක් බිහි කළ අතර, ඔවුන් පුලින්දා ‌ලෙස දක්වා ඇත ([[මහාවංශය]] පරි. 7.59-68). පුලින්දන් පිළිබඳ ව සටහනක් තබන ගයිගර් තුමා පවසන්‌නේ, ඔවුන් ‌මේ‌‌ලේජ්‍ය ‌ගෝත්‍රික ප්‍රජාවක් වන්නට ඇති බවත්, පසුව වැද්දන් බවට හඳුන්වන්නට ඇති බවත් ය. ‌‌කොළඹ, කළුතර සහ ගාල්ල ආශ්‍රිත ප්‍රදේශ‌යේ සිට කදුකරය දක්වා ප්‍ර‌දේශය ‘සබරගමුව’ ‌ලෙසින් හදුන්වන අතර, එය ව්‍යුත්පන්න වන්නට ඇත්‌තේ ‘පුලින්ද’ යන්නට සමාන පදයක් වන [[සංස්කෘත]] ‘සබර,’ [[පාලි]] ‘සවර’ ‌මගින් ය. ‌උක්ත නිගමනයට අනුව ම යමින් ශ්‍රී සුමංගල හිමියන් හා බටුවන්තුඩා‌වේ ‌දේවරක්ෂිත පඬිවරයාණන් ඔවුන්‌ගේ [[මහාවංශ]] පරිවර්ත‌යේ ‘පුලින්ද’ වදන ‘වැද්දන්’ වශ‌යෙන් ඍජුව ම දක්වා ඇත. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ [[විජයාගමනයට]] ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්සන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌[[ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ්]] ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිවැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ '[[වන්නියලෑත්තන්]]' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. [[සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌ත]]හි ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌[[හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන්]] ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== වැදිසමාජය තුළ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන ධුරාවලියක් දක්නට නැති තරම් ය. ‌බො‌හෝ විට වැදි රැළක් වැදිනායකයකු යට‌තේ පාලනය විය. ආදිවාසි ජන ප්‍රජාවන්හි දක්නට ඇති ආකාර‌යේ, ‌ගෝත්‍ර අතර ‌වෛරයක් ‌හෝ ‌ගෝත්‍ර සටන් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. එක ම ප්‍ර‌දේශයක වරිග කිහිපයක වැදිජන ප්‍රජාවන් සමාදාන‌යෙන් ජීවත් වුව ද, ප්‍ර‌දේශයට ඇතුල්වීමේ දී විවිධ තහංචි ඔවුනොවුන් අතර විණ. සමහර වැදි වරිග‌යෝ ගඟක් ‌හෝ කැළැ ‌පෙ‌දෙසක් හරහා ‌වෙනත් ප්‍ර‌දේශයන් වලට සංක්‍රමණය වූ හ. ‌මෙ‌සේ ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යෙන් ප්‍ර‌දේශයට වැදි ප්‍රජාවන්‌ගේ ව්‍යාප්තවීම සිඳු වි ය. ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. සී. ජී. සෙල්ග්මාන්ට අනුව වැද්දන්‌‌ගේ වරිග ‌බෙදීම ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් ස්වකීය ‌ගෝත්‍ර‌යෙන් පිට විවහා වීම ‌හෙවත් [[බහිර්‌වෛවාහික]] සහ මාතෘ පාර්ෂව මූලීක, ඌරා සහ ‌මොනරා ආශ්‍රීත ගෝත්‍ර විහ්න ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් ‌ගොඩ නැගුනක් බව ය (C. G. Seligmann, The Vaddas, 1911, p.30.). භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===දිවි‌පෙ‌වෙත=== මුල් කාල‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනප්‍රජාව ගල්‌ලෙන් ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ අතර, පසුව පැල්පත් ආශ්‍රීත ගම්මාන කරා සංක්‍රමණය වන්නට ඇත. [[image:gathering honey.jpg|thumb|left|150px|බඹර පැණි එකතු කරන අනතුරුදායක අවස්ථාවක් (1887)]] ඒවා වැදි ‌කොරටු ‌ලෙසින් හැඳින් වූ අතර, වරින් වර, ආහාර ‌සොයා ගත හැකි පමණට කොරටු‌වෙන් ‌කොරටුවට වැදි ප්‍රජාව සංක්‍රමණය වී‌මේ සිරිතක් විය. පසුකාලීනව ඇති වූ ගම්වැද්‌දෝ ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් හේන් ‌ගොවිතැන ඇසුරු ‌‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුදු, ඔවුන්‌ගේ සාම්ප්‍රදායික දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙත සම්පුර්ණ‌යෙන් ම අත් ‌නොහැරිය හ. වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් දඩයම් කිරී‌මෙන් ජීවත් වූ අතර, ඔවුන්‌ගේ මුලීක ප්‍රවනතාවය වූ‌යේ ‌ගොනා දඩයම් කිරීම ය. ‌ගොනා ගිරි ආශ්‍රිත ව වාසය කළ නිසා වැද්දන් ද ගිරි‌ලෙන් ආශ්‍රිත දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙතකට හුරු වන්නට ඇති බව ‌බො‌හෝ විද්‍යාර්ථයින් විශ්වාස තරති. ‌මෙයට අමතර ව, ඔවුන් ඵල-අල ආහාරයට ගනිමින් ද, වන මී රැස්වන කාලයට මී කැඩි‌මෙන් ද දිවි ‌පෙ‌‌වෙත සරි කර ගත් හ. වැද්දන් ආහාර පුළුස්සා ගැනීම කරන අතර, අලවර්ග ‌‌බො‌හෝවිට උණු අළුපල්‌ලේ ලා තම්බා ගැනීම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. දඩයම් කිරීම හා ආහාර අනුභවය කණ්ඩායමක් වශ‌යෙන් එකට ම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. වැඩිපුර ඇති ආහාර ද්‍රව්‍ය හිඟ කාලයන් සඳහා කල් තබා ගැනීමට මස් වර්ග වියලීම (හෙවත් කරවල කිරීම), එල්ලා දුම්ගැස්ස වීම ‌හෝ මීපැනිවල බහා තැබීම වැනි ක්‍රියාවන් කළ හ. '''රෑ‌‌හේ නායකයා''' වැදි‌ගෝත්‍රය සංවිධානය වන්නේ 'නායකයෙකු' වටා ය. එ‌හෙයින් විවිධ වූ වැදිජනප්‍රජාවන් සඳහා නායක‌යෝ සිටිය හ. එ‌හෙත් පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් වැදි ජනතාව‌ගේ ප්‍රාමාණාත්මක අඩුවීම නිසා සහ ආණ්ඩුව විසින් ඔවුන් වසන ප්‍ර‌දේශ පාලනය නායකයන්ගේ පැවැත්ම ක්‍රමයෙන් නැති ව ගි‌යේ ය. වැදි ප්‍රජා‌වේ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන නායක‌යෙක් ‌‌ලෙස මෑත යුග‌යේ සිටි‌යේ දඹා‌නේ මහාවන්නියලැත්‌‌තෝ ‌හෙවත් තිසාහාමිලැත්‌තෝ ය. [[image:Vaddas meeting.jpg|thumb|right|150px| පිටස්තරයන් හමූ වූ ‌මො‌හොතක්...(1887)]] ===පවුල් දිවිය=== වැදි ජනයා අතර [[ඥාතීත්වය]] සහ ඔවුන්ට ආමන්ත්‍රණය සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජාව ‌මෙන් ‌‌වෙයි. අප්පිලැත්‌තෝ (පියා), අම්මිලැත්‌තෝ (මව), ආදි වශ‌යෙන් 'ලැත්‌තෝ' යන පාඨය ඥාතිතවයට පසුව ‌යෙදී‌මෙන් ඔවුහු ආමන්ත්‍රණය තනා ගනිති. බිරිද(කුඩ්‌පෙත්ත)ට ‌බො‌හෝ විට, 'නංගිලැත්‌තෝ' යන ‌යෙඳුම ‌යොදනු‌යේ, වැදිජනප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ඇති බෑණා සහ නැනා (ඇවැස්ස හුරා-නෑනා) විවාහයන් නිසා‌වෙන් ය. සිංහල සමාජ‌යේ ‌මෙන් ම, විවාහ සහ ලිංගික සම්බන්ධතා සම්බන්ධ‌යෙන් විවිධ වූ තහංචි පැන වී තිබිණි. නිදසුනක් ‌ලෙස, මාමා සහ නෑනැ අතර, බෑණා සහ නැන්දා අතර ‌මෙන් ම, මවු-පිය පාර්ෂව‌යේ ස‌හෝදරයන් ‌හෝ වියපත් ස‌හෝදර ස‌හෝදරියන් අතරත් විවාහයන් තහනම් විණ. එ‌හෙත් මරණයක දී, මළ ස‌හෝදරිය ‌හෝ ස‌හෝදරයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් සැමියා ‌හෝ බිරිය එකී පවු‌ලේ තව ස‌හෝදරියක් ‌හෝ ස‌හොදරයෙක් විවාහ කර ගැනීම සිඳු විම නිසා, නැවතත් දරුවන් හට ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබිණ. '''පවුල් සම්බන්ධතා''' අඹු-සැමි දිවිය අගය කළ වැදි ජනයා අතර, සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ලැ‌බෙන බහුභාර්යා ‌සේවනය ‌හෝ බහු පුරුෂ ‌සේවනය තබා, පරදාර ‌සේවනය වත් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. විවාහ‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනයා ස්වකීය භාර්යාවන්ට මනා ‌සේ ඇළුම් කළ අතර, එකි‌නෙකාට විශ්වාසවන්ත ‌ලෙස ද ජීවත් විය. එ‌හෙයින් වි‌දේශිය මිශනාරිවරුන් විසින් ‌කෙවල විවහා කුමය ලංකාවට හඳුන්වා දීමට පෙර සිට ම, වැද්දන් අතර ‌කේවල විවාහ ක්‍රමය තිබූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌රේ ගැහැණිය හට මනා ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබුණු අතර, ඇය පවු‌ලේ පළමු ‌කොට, ආහාර‌යෙන් ‌කොටස භුක්ති වින්ද හ. ‌මෙයින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්නේ කාන්තාව වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌‌රේ ‌ගෞවරවයට පාත්‍ර වූ බවකි. '''විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන්''' වැදි දරු‌වෝ කල් ‌නොයවා ස්වකීය නෑන-හුරා විවාහයන්ට ඇතුළු ‌වෙති. ඔවුන් අතර ස‌හෝදර ස‌හොදරි ව්‍යවාහයන් ‌හෝ විවාහයට ‌පෙර ලිංගිත සම්බන්ධතාවන් සිදු ‌නො‌වේ. විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන් ‌බො‌හෝ ‌සේ ලුහුඩු ය; සරල ය. තරුණ වැදි ‌කොළු‌වෙකු හිතගිය තරුණි‌ය‌ගේ ‌පියාගේ ගෙට පැණි මුලක් හා මස් රැ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ‌යොජනාව පියාට පවසන අතර, පියා විසින් ඇයට නියඳ පට්ටාවලින් ඇඹරූ රෑනක් ‌ගෙන ඔහු‌ගේ ඉණ වටා බඳිනු ලැ‌බේ. එතැන් සිට ‌‌දෙ‌දෙනා අඹු-සැමි‌යෝ ‌වෙති. ඒ රෑණ දිරා ගිය කල්හි, අලුත් නියඳ රෑණක් අඹරා බැඳී‌මේ කාර්යය භාර්ය්‍යාව සතු ‌වෙයි. සාමාන්‍ය‌යෙන් මාමලැත්‌තෝ විසින් බඹර වද ඇති තැනක් පවරා දීමත්, දඩ බල්ලන් සහ දුනු ඊතල දීමත් කරන ලදි. සමහර අවස්ථාවලදි මනමාලයා විසින් මනමාලියට ‌රෙදිපිලි දීම පසුකාලින ව ඇති වූ සිරිකත් බව ‌පෙනේ. විවාහ‌යෙන් පසුව බෑනා මාමා‌ගේ රෑණට එකතුවී, දඩයමට සහයවීම සිඳු ‌වෙයි. එබැවින් වැදි ජනයා අත‌රේ පිරිමි දරුවන්ට වඩා ගැහැණු දරැවන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි ඇල්මක් ඇත. '''දරුදැරි‌යෝ''' විවාහ‌යෙන් පසු, දරු ගැබක් පහළ වූ පසු, වැදි ජනයා අතර ආරක්ෂාවන් සඳහා විවිධ [[අභිචාර]] විධී භාවිතා කරයි. පුරාණ‌යෙදී 'පට්ටා යකා' පූජාවක් කරමින් ගැබ් ආරක්ෂා කළ බව ප්‍රකට ය. ප්‍රසූතිය ගල්‌ලෙනක ‌හෝ පැ‌ලේදී සිඳු විණ. ප්‍රසූති‌යෙන් පසු ව විවිධ මස්-මාශ වර්ග අනුභවය නුසුදුසුයයි පිළි ගැනීමක් විණ. එ‌සේ ම කිරී එරීම සඳහා ම ‌යොග්‍යයයි පිළිගත් අලවර්ග ආහාරයට දීම කරන ලදි. දරුවා හට මසක් තුළ නමක් දුන් අතර, යකුන්‌ගේ ‌දොස් වලින් ආරක්ෂා කර ගැනීමට දරුවා ‌බො‌හෝ විට හඳුන්වනු ලැබු‌වේ විවිධ වූ හුරතල් නම් වලිනි. ඔවුන්‌ගේ නියම නමින් හඳුවන්නට පටන් ගන්‌නේ දරුවා වැඩුණු පසු ය. දරුවන් ‌ගේ වයස අවුරුදු හත පමණ වනතුරැත් ඔවුන් නිර්වස්ත්‍රව සිටිති. වයස අවුරුදු දහය-දො‌ළොහ පමණ වය‌සේ දී දරුවන් විසින් ගල්දුනු භාවිත‌යෙන් කුරුල්ලන් සහ කුඩා සතුන් දඩයම් කරති. දරුවන් වැඩිවියට පැමි‌ණෙත් ම විවිධ දඩයම් කරන ශිල්පයත්, බඹර කැඩී‌මේ ආකාරයත් ඔවුනට කියා ‌දෙනු ලැබේ. ‌මෙ‌සේ වැඩුණු පිරිමි දරුවන් දඩයම් සහ බඹර කැඩී‌මේ දී හවුල් කර ගන්‌නේ එකී කුසලතා වර්ධනය කිරීමට ය. වැදි දැරිවිය මල්වර වූ විට, ඇය [[නුග]] ගසක් ‌වෙතට ‌‌ගොස් ගල් කැටවලින් එයට ගැසීමත්, එය කන වැකුණු මව වතුර කළයක් ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ඇය නහවා, හිසිට පසුපසින් එය බිමට වැටී බිඳී සියලු ‌දොස් දුරු කිරීම හැර ‌වෙනත් වි‌ශේෂිත ‌[[කොටහළු සිරිත්]] නැත. පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් සිංහල මල්වර සිරිත් වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වීම නිසා, මල්වර දැරිය කිළි පැලක වැඩිමහළු කාන්තාවක් හා තැබීම හා ඒ ආශ්‍රිත අභිචාර විධි කිරීම දැන් අපට අසන්නට දක්නිනට ඇත. මරණය වැද්දන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි භිය උපදවන අවස්ථාවකි. එවැන් විට ඔවුහු ගල්‌ලෙන් අතැර යති. එ‌සේ කරනු‌යේ, මළ පුද්ගලයන් ඔවුන් හඹා එනු ඇතයි බි‌යෙනි. වැද්දන් විශ්වාස කරන පරිදි, මරණ‌යෙන් පසු ස්වකිය ඥාතියා නෑ ය‌කෙකු කිරීමට, දින කිහිපයක් මළ පුද්ගලයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් පුද පූජා පවත්වති. '''බාහිර සම්බන්ධතා''' ‌රොබට් ‌‌‌නොක්ස් පවසන පරිදි, ඔවුන් මුව දඩය‌මෙහි සහ දුම් ගැස්සවීම් කිරීම් තුළින් වියලා ගැනීම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. සිංහල මිනිස්සු දඩමස් ලබා ගැනීමට වැද්දන් ‌වෙත පැමිණිය හ. රජු‌ගේ කෑම ‌මේසයට සඩමස් සැපයීම කාර්‌යේ ද නිරිත විය. ඒවාට අමතර ව, රජු හට ඇත්දළ සැපයීම ද, මී පැණි සහ මී ඉටි සැපයීම ද කරන ලදි. රජු ද ඔවුන්ට ප්‍රත්‍යුපකාර වශ‌යෙන් වැද්දන් හට ‌රෙදිපිළි සහ ඊතල ආදිය දුන්‌නේ ය. ‌රොබට් ‌නොක්ස්‌ගේ වාර්තාවට අනුව වැද්‌දෝ වරක් රජුට එ‌රෙහිව පැමිණි යුද්ධවලදී සටන් කළ හ. එ‌සේම, ඔවුහු ඔවුන්ට අයිති ප්‍ර‌දේශ ආරක්ෂා කරමින් රජුට ද වක්‍රාකාර ව ආරක්ෂාව සපයන ලදී. ===වැදි බස=== වැදිභාෂාව ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් කළ පර්‌යේෂණයන් ඇසුරින් විලියම් ගයිගර් වියතාණන් දක්වන්‌නේ, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ඇ‌බොරජිනි වැනි ‌‌ගෝත්‍රික ප්‍රජාවක් බවත්, දකුණු ඉන්දියා‌වේ ‌පෞරාණික ‌ගෝත්‍රයන්ට නෑ සබදතාවක් දක්වන ඇති බවත් ය. [[ආරියන්]] සංක්‍රමණයන්ට ‌පෙර පටන් ඔවුහු ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ විසූ ආදිවාසින් වූ අතර, අනාර්ය භාෂාවක් කතා කළ බවකි (Indian Historical Quartely, XI. pp. 515-516). වැද්දන් විසින් වනාතර‌යේ දඩයමට යන අතර භාවිතා කළ රහස් බසක් වශ‌යෙන් ඔවුන්‌ගේ භාෂාව වර්ධනය වන්නට ඇත. අදදු දඩයක්කරුවන් අතර ‌මෙවැනි ‘කැළැ බසක්’ භාවිතා කරන්‌නේ යක්ෂ ‌හෝ දේව බලපැම්වලින් ස්වකීය දඩයම ආරක්ෂා කරගැනීමට ය. මූලීක වශ‌යෙන් [[ආදිවැසියන්]] ‌ලෙස වර්ධනය වූ වැද්දන්‌ගේ අනාර්ය බස ක්‍රම‌යෙන් [[ආර්යන්]]ගේ පැමිණිම හා සිංහල භාෂාව හා සම්මිශ්‍රණය වි‌මෙන් දැන් භාවිතා කරන ආකෘතියට පරිවර්තනය වන්නට ඇත. ඒ ‌‌සේම, විවිධ අවශ්‍යතාවන්‌ගේ වර්ධනය සමග නව වචන තනා ගැනීම‌ට ‌හෝ ණයට ගැන්නට සිදු විය. ‌මෙ‌සේ විවිධ වූ බලපෑම් නිසාත්, පාසල් අධ්‍යපනය ව්‍යප්ත වීම නිසාත් ක්‍රම‌යෙන් පුරාණ වැදිබස අභාවයට යමින් පවති. ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. වැද්දන්ගේ ඇදහිලි රටාව මළ ඥාති වන්දනාවකි (Obesekera, 'G. Sinhal religion.' In M. Eliade ed. ''The encylopedia of religion, Vol 13.'' New York: Macmillan, 1987.). ===විශ්වාස=== ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== ජාන විද්‍යාත්මක පර්‌යේෂණයන් තුළින් තහවුරු වී ඇත්‌තේ උතුරු ඉන්දියානු ආර්ය සංක්‍රමණයට ‌පෙර විසු ප්‍රග්-ආර්ය ජනතාව හා සම්බන්ධතාවක් ඇති බව ය. කලාන්තරයක් තිස්‌සේ සිංහල හා දෙමළ ජනතාව අත‌රේ වාසය කළ වැද්දන් එකී ජනසමාජයන්ට ක්‍රම‌යෙන් සම්මිශ්‍රණය විය. වාද්දන්‌ගේ රුධිර වර්ග පරික්ෂා‌වේදී ‌සොයා ලනු ලැබු‌වේ ‌බො‌හෝ ආදිවාසි ජනවර්ගවල දක්නට ඇති O රුධිර කාණ්ඩය බහුතරයට ඇති බවකි. එ‌සේ ම ස්වල්ප ජන ‌කොට්ඨාශයක A රුධිර ගණය දක්නට තිබූ අතර, ඔවුන් අතර‌වෙනත් රුධිර කාණ්ඩයන් දක්නට නැත. අද සිංහලයන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත ව ඇති පවුල් කිහිපයක් ස්වකීය සම්භවය වැදිජන ප්‍රජාව ආශ්‍රය ‌‌කොට සිදුවිණයි ආඩම්බර‌යේ සඳහන් කරති. == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ද සිල්වා, එම්. ඩබ්. සුගතපාල, ''දඹා‌නේ වැදි බස '' ‌කොළඹ: සරසවි ප්‍රකාශ‌යෝ, 1964. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ජන සමාජය]] [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] 5583 2006-06-09T09:38:59Z Ravincaldera 100 /* වරුග ‌බෙදීම */ ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. [[image:Ceylon Native Village.jpg|thumb|right|350px| ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ වැදි පවුලක් (1910)]] ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරුවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ: මහා වංශ‌යේ සඳහන් වන පරිදි, [[විජය කුමරු]]වා කු‌වේණිය හා දරුවන් අතහැර දමා, විවහාය සඳහා රාජ කන්‍යවක් ඉන්දියා‌වෙන් ‌ගෙ‌නෙන ලදි. එහි දී [[කු‌වේණිය]] නැවත [[ලංකාපුර‌]]යෙහි ස්වකීය [[යක්ෂ]] ප්‍රජාව ‌වෙත හරවා යවන අතර, එහි දී ඇති වූ දබරයක දී ඇය මරණයට පත්වන්ණි ය. ඇය‌ගේ බාල ‌සො‌හොයුරා පැමිණ දරුවන් හට පලා යමට පවසයි. ඔවුන් සමන්-කුළ ([[සම‌නොළ කන්ද]])ට ‌ගොස් ‌ නැගණී දෙටු ‌සොයුරා හා වාසය ‌කොට, [[මලයා රට]] හෙවත් කදුකර ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජන ප්‍රජාවක් බිහි කළ අතර, ඔවුන් පුලින්දා ‌ලෙස දක්වා ඇත ([[මහාවංශය]] පරි. 7.59-68). පුලින්දන් පිළිබඳ ව සටහනක් තබන ගයිගර් තුමා පවසන්‌නේ, ඔවුන් ‌මේ‌‌ලේජ්‍ය ‌ගෝත්‍රික ප්‍රජාවක් වන්නට ඇති බවත්, පසුව වැද්දන් බවට හඳුන්වන්නට ඇති බවත් ය. ‌‌කොළඹ, කළුතර සහ ගාල්ල ආශ්‍රිත ප්‍රදේශ‌යේ සිට කදුකරය දක්වා ප්‍ර‌දේශය ‘සබරගමුව’ ‌ලෙසින් හදුන්වන අතර, එය ව්‍යුත්පන්න වන්නට ඇත්‌තේ ‘පුලින්ද’ යන්නට සමාන පදයක් වන [[සංස්කෘත]] ‘සබර,’ [[පාලි]] ‘සවර’ ‌මගින් ය. ‌උක්ත නිගමනයට අනුව ම යමින් ශ්‍රී සුමංගල හිමියන් හා බටුවන්තුඩා‌වේ ‌දේවරක්ෂිත පඬිවරයාණන් ඔවුන්‌ගේ [[මහාවංශ]] පරිවර්ත‌යේ ‘පුලින්ද’ වදන ‘වැද්දන්’ වශ‌යෙන් ඍජුව ම දක්වා ඇත. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ [[විජයාගමනයට]] ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්සන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌[[ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ්]] ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිවැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ '[[වන්නියලෑත්තන්]]' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. [[සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌ත]]හි ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌[[හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන්]] ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== වැදිසමාජය තුළ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන ධුරාවලියක් දක්නට නැති තරම් ය. ‌බො‌හෝ විට වැදි රැළක් වැදිනායකයකු යට‌තේ පාලනය විය. ආදිවාසි ජන ප්‍රජාවන්හි දක්නට ඇති ආකාර‌යේ, ‌ගෝත්‍ර අතර ‌වෛරයක් ‌හෝ ‌ගෝත්‍ර සටන් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. එක ම ප්‍ර‌දේශයක වරිග කිහිපයක වැදිජන ප්‍රජාවන් සමාදාන‌යෙන් ජීවත් වුව ද, ප්‍ර‌දේශයට ඇතුල්වීමේ දී විවිධ තහංචි ඔවුනොවුන් අතර විණ. සමහර වැදි වරිග‌යෝ ගඟක් ‌හෝ කැළැ ‌පෙ‌දෙසක් හරහා ‌වෙනත් ප්‍ර‌දේශයන් වලට සංක්‍රමණය වූ හ. ‌මෙ‌සේ ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යෙන් ප්‍ර‌දේශයට වැදි ප්‍රජාවන්‌ගේ ව්‍යාප්තවීම සිඳු වි ය. ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. සී. ජී. සෙල්ග්මාන්ට අනුව වැද්දන්‌‌ගේ වරිග ‌බෙදීම ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් ස්වකීය ‌ගෝත්‍ර‌යෙන් පිට විවහා වීම ‌හෙවත් [[බහිර්‌වෛවාහික]] සහ මාතෘ පාර්ෂව මූලීක, ඌරා සහ ‌මොනරා ආශ්‍රීත ගෝත්‍ර විහ්න ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් ‌ගොඩ නැගුනක් බව ය <ref> C. G. Seligmann, The Vaddas, 1911, p.30.</ref>. භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===දිවි‌පෙ‌වෙත=== මුල් කාල‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනප්‍රජාව ගල්‌ලෙන් ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ අතර, පසුව පැල්පත් ආශ්‍රීත ගම්මාන කරා සංක්‍රමණය වන්නට ඇත. [[image:gathering honey.jpg|thumb|left|150px|බඹර පැණි එකතු කරන අනතුරුදායක අවස්ථාවක් (1887)]] ඒවා වැදි ‌කොරටු ‌ලෙසින් හැඳින් වූ අතර, වරින් වර, ආහාර ‌සොයා ගත හැකි පමණට කොරටු‌වෙන් ‌කොරටුවට වැදි ප්‍රජාව සංක්‍රමණය වී‌මේ සිරිතක් විය. පසුකාලීනව ඇති වූ ගම්වැද්‌දෝ ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් හේන් ‌ගොවිතැන ඇසුරු ‌‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුදු, ඔවුන්‌ගේ සාම්ප්‍රදායික දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙත සම්පුර්ණ‌යෙන් ම අත් ‌නොහැරිය හ. වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් දඩයම් කිරී‌මෙන් ජීවත් වූ අතර, ඔවුන්‌ගේ මුලීක ප්‍රවනතාවය වූ‌යේ ‌ගොනා දඩයම් කිරීම ය. ‌ගොනා ගිරි ආශ්‍රිත ව වාසය කළ නිසා වැද්දන් ද ගිරි‌ලෙන් ආශ්‍රිත දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙතකට හුරු වන්නට ඇති බව ‌බො‌හෝ විද්‍යාර්ථයින් විශ්වාස තරති. ‌මෙයට අමතර ව, ඔවුන් ඵල-අල ආහාරයට ගනිමින් ද, වන මී රැස්වන කාලයට මී කැඩි‌මෙන් ද දිවි ‌පෙ‌‌වෙත සරි කර ගත් හ. වැද්දන් ආහාර පුළුස්සා ගැනීම කරන අතර, අලවර්ග ‌‌බො‌හෝවිට උණු අළුපල්‌ලේ ලා තම්බා ගැනීම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. දඩයම් කිරීම හා ආහාර අනුභවය කණ්ඩායමක් වශ‌යෙන් එකට ම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. වැඩිපුර ඇති ආහාර ද්‍රව්‍ය හිඟ කාලයන් සඳහා කල් තබා ගැනීමට මස් වර්ග වියලීම (හෙවත් කරවල කිරීම), එල්ලා දුම්ගැස්ස වීම ‌හෝ මීපැනිවල බහා තැබීම වැනි ක්‍රියාවන් කළ හ. '''රෑ‌‌හේ නායකයා''' වැදි‌ගෝත්‍රය සංවිධානය වන්නේ 'නායකයෙකු' වටා ය. එ‌හෙයින් විවිධ වූ වැදිජනප්‍රජාවන් සඳහා නායක‌යෝ සිටිය හ. එ‌හෙත් පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් වැදි ජනතාව‌ගේ ප්‍රාමාණාත්මක අඩුවීම නිසා සහ ආණ්ඩුව විසින් ඔවුන් වසන ප්‍ර‌දේශ පාලනය නායකයන්ගේ පැවැත්ම ක්‍රමයෙන් නැති ව ගි‌යේ ය. වැදි ප්‍රජා‌වේ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන නායක‌යෙක් ‌‌ලෙස මෑත යුග‌යේ සිටි‌යේ දඹා‌නේ මහාවන්නියලැත්‌‌තෝ ‌හෙවත් තිසාහාමිලැත්‌තෝ ය. [[image:Vaddas meeting.jpg|thumb|right|150px| පිටස්තරයන් හමූ වූ ‌මො‌හොතක්...(1887)]] ===පවුල් දිවිය=== වැදි ජනයා අතර [[ඥාතීත්වය]] සහ ඔවුන්ට ආමන්ත්‍රණය සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජාව ‌මෙන් ‌‌වෙයි. අප්පිලැත්‌තෝ (පියා), අම්මිලැත්‌තෝ (මව), ආදි වශ‌යෙන් 'ලැත්‌තෝ' යන පාඨය ඥාතිතවයට පසුව ‌යෙදී‌මෙන් ඔවුහු ආමන්ත්‍රණය තනා ගනිති. බිරිද(කුඩ්‌පෙත්ත)ට ‌බො‌හෝ විට, 'නංගිලැත්‌තෝ' යන ‌යෙඳුම ‌යොදනු‌යේ, වැදිජනප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ඇති බෑණා සහ නැනා (ඇවැස්ස හුරා-නෑනා) විවාහයන් නිසා‌වෙන් ය. සිංහල සමාජ‌යේ ‌මෙන් ම, විවාහ සහ ලිංගික සම්බන්ධතා සම්බන්ධ‌යෙන් විවිධ වූ තහංචි පැන වී තිබිණි. නිදසුනක් ‌ලෙස, මාමා සහ නෑනැ අතර, බෑණා සහ නැන්දා අතර ‌මෙන් ම, මවු-පිය පාර්ෂව‌යේ ස‌හෝදරයන් ‌හෝ වියපත් ස‌හෝදර ස‌හෝදරියන් අතරත් විවාහයන් තහනම් විණ. එ‌හෙත් මරණයක දී, මළ ස‌හෝදරිය ‌හෝ ස‌හෝදරයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් සැමියා ‌හෝ බිරිය එකී පවු‌ලේ තව ස‌හෝදරියක් ‌හෝ ස‌හොදරයෙක් විවාහ කර ගැනීම සිඳු විම නිසා, නැවතත් දරුවන් හට ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබිණ. '''පවුල් සම්බන්ධතා''' අඹු-සැමි දිවිය අගය කළ වැදි ජනයා අතර, සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ලැ‌බෙන බහුභාර්යා ‌සේවනය ‌හෝ බහු පුරුෂ ‌සේවනය තබා, පරදාර ‌සේවනය වත් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. විවාහ‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනයා ස්වකීය භාර්යාවන්ට මනා ‌සේ ඇළුම් කළ අතර, එකි‌නෙකාට විශ්වාසවන්ත ‌ලෙස ද ජීවත් විය. එ‌හෙයින් වි‌දේශිය මිශනාරිවරුන් විසින් ‌කෙවල විවහා කුමය ලංකාවට හඳුන්වා දීමට පෙර සිට ම, වැද්දන් අතර ‌කේවල විවාහ ක්‍රමය තිබූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌රේ ගැහැණිය හට මනා ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබුණු අතර, ඇය පවු‌ලේ පළමු ‌කොට, ආහාර‌යෙන් ‌කොටස භුක්ති වින්ද හ. ‌මෙයින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්නේ කාන්තාව වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌‌රේ ‌ගෞවරවයට පාත්‍ර වූ බවකි. '''විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන්''' වැදි දරු‌වෝ කල් ‌නොයවා ස්වකීය නෑන-හුරා විවාහයන්ට ඇතුළු ‌වෙති. ඔවුන් අතර ස‌හෝදර ස‌හොදරි ව්‍යවාහයන් ‌හෝ විවාහයට ‌පෙර ලිංගිත සම්බන්ධතාවන් සිදු ‌නො‌වේ. විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන් ‌බො‌හෝ ‌සේ ලුහුඩු ය; සරල ය. තරුණ වැදි ‌කොළු‌වෙකු හිතගිය තරුණි‌ය‌ගේ ‌පියාගේ ගෙට පැණි මුලක් හා මස් රැ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ‌යොජනාව පියාට පවසන අතර, පියා විසින් ඇයට නියඳ පට්ටාවලින් ඇඹරූ රෑනක් ‌ගෙන ඔහු‌ගේ ඉණ වටා බඳිනු ලැ‌බේ. එතැන් සිට ‌‌දෙ‌දෙනා අඹු-සැමි‌යෝ ‌වෙති. ඒ රෑණ දිරා ගිය කල්හි, අලුත් නියඳ රෑණක් අඹරා බැඳී‌මේ කාර්යය භාර්ය්‍යාව සතු ‌වෙයි. සාමාන්‍ය‌යෙන් මාමලැත්‌තෝ විසින් බඹර වද ඇති තැනක් පවරා දීමත්, දඩ බල්ලන් සහ දුනු ඊතල දීමත් කරන ලදි. සමහර අවස්ථාවලදි මනමාලයා විසින් මනමාලියට ‌රෙදිපිලි දීම පසුකාලින ව ඇති වූ සිරිකත් බව ‌පෙනේ. විවාහ‌යෙන් පසුව බෑනා මාමා‌ගේ රෑණට එකතුවී, දඩයමට සහයවීම සිඳු ‌වෙයි. එබැවින් වැදි ජනයා අත‌රේ පිරිමි දරුවන්ට වඩා ගැහැණු දරැවන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි ඇල්මක් ඇත. '''දරුදැරි‌යෝ''' විවාහ‌යෙන් පසු, දරු ගැබක් පහළ වූ පසු, වැදි ජනයා අතර ආරක්ෂාවන් සඳහා විවිධ [[අභිචාර]] විධී භාවිතා කරයි. පුරාණ‌යෙදී 'පට්ටා යකා' පූජාවක් කරමින් ගැබ් ආරක්ෂා කළ බව ප්‍රකට ය. ප්‍රසූතිය ගල්‌ලෙනක ‌හෝ පැ‌ලේදී සිඳු විණ. ප්‍රසූති‌යෙන් පසු ව විවිධ මස්-මාශ වර්ග අනුභවය නුසුදුසුයයි පිළි ගැනීමක් විණ. එ‌සේ ම කිරී එරීම සඳහා ම ‌යොග්‍යයයි පිළිගත් අලවර්ග ආහාරයට දීම කරන ලදි. දරුවා හට මසක් තුළ නමක් දුන් අතර, යකුන්‌ගේ ‌දොස් වලින් ආරක්ෂා කර ගැනීමට දරුවා ‌බො‌හෝ විට හඳුන්වනු ලැබු‌වේ විවිධ වූ හුරතල් නම් වලිනි. ඔවුන්‌ගේ නියම නමින් හඳුවන්නට පටන් ගන්‌නේ දරුවා වැඩුණු පසු ය. දරුවන් ‌ගේ වයස අවුරුදු හත පමණ වනතුරැත් ඔවුන් නිර්වස්ත්‍රව සිටිති. වයස අවුරුදු දහය-දො‌ළොහ පමණ වය‌සේ දී දරුවන් විසින් ගල්දුනු භාවිත‌යෙන් කුරුල්ලන් සහ කුඩා සතුන් දඩයම් කරති. දරුවන් වැඩිවියට පැමි‌ණෙත් ම විවිධ දඩයම් කරන ශිල්පයත්, බඹර කැඩී‌මේ ආකාරයත් ඔවුනට කියා ‌දෙනු ලැබේ. ‌මෙ‌සේ වැඩුණු පිරිමි දරුවන් දඩයම් සහ බඹර කැඩී‌මේ දී හවුල් කර ගන්‌නේ එකී කුසලතා වර්ධනය කිරීමට ය. වැදි දැරිවිය මල්වර වූ විට, ඇය [[නුග]] ගසක් ‌වෙතට ‌‌ගොස් ගල් කැටවලින් එයට ගැසීමත්, එය කන වැකුණු මව වතුර කළයක් ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ඇය නහවා, හිසිට පසුපසින් එය බිමට වැටී බිඳී සියලු ‌දොස් දුරු කිරීම හැර ‌වෙනත් වි‌ශේෂිත ‌[[කොටහළු සිරිත්]] නැත. පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් සිංහල මල්වර සිරිත් වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වීම නිසා, මල්වර දැරිය කිළි පැලක වැඩිමහළු කාන්තාවක් හා තැබීම හා ඒ ආශ්‍රිත අභිචාර විධි කිරීම දැන් අපට අසන්නට දක්නිනට ඇත. මරණය වැද්දන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි භිය උපදවන අවස්ථාවකි. එවැන් විට ඔවුහු ගල්‌ලෙන් අතැර යති. එ‌සේ කරනු‌යේ, මළ පුද්ගලයන් ඔවුන් හඹා එනු ඇතයි බි‌යෙනි. වැද්දන් විශ්වාස කරන පරිදි, මරණ‌යෙන් පසු ස්වකිය ඥාතියා නෑ ය‌කෙකු කිරීමට, දින කිහිපයක් මළ පුද්ගලයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් පුද පූජා පවත්වති. '''බාහිර සම්බන්ධතා''' ‌රොබට් ‌‌‌නොක්ස් පවසන පරිදි, ඔවුන් මුව දඩය‌මෙහි සහ දුම් ගැස්සවීම් කිරීම් තුළින් වියලා ගැනීම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. සිංහල මිනිස්සු දඩමස් ලබා ගැනීමට වැද්දන් ‌වෙත පැමිණිය හ. රජු‌ගේ කෑම ‌මේසයට සඩමස් සැපයීම කාර්‌යේ ද නිරිත විය. ඒවාට අමතර ව, රජු හට ඇත්දළ සැපයීම ද, මී පැණි සහ මී ඉටි සැපයීම ද කරන ලදි. රජු ද ඔවුන්ට ප්‍රත්‍යුපකාර වශ‌යෙන් වැද්දන් හට ‌රෙදිපිළි සහ ඊතල ආදිය දුන්‌නේ ය. ‌රොබට් ‌නොක්ස්‌ගේ වාර්තාවට අනුව වැද්‌දෝ වරක් රජුට එ‌රෙහිව පැමිණි යුද්ධවලදී සටන් කළ හ. එ‌සේම, ඔවුහු ඔවුන්ට අයිති ප්‍ර‌දේශ ආරක්ෂා කරමින් රජුට ද වක්‍රාකාර ව ආරක්ෂාව සපයන ලදී. ===වැදි බස=== වැදිභාෂාව ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් කළ පර්‌යේෂණයන් ඇසුරින් විලියම් ගයිගර් වියතාණන් දක්වන්‌නේ, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ඇ‌බොරජිනි වැනි ‌‌ගෝත්‍රික ප්‍රජාවක් බවත්, දකුණු ඉන්දියා‌වේ ‌පෞරාණික ‌ගෝත්‍රයන්ට නෑ සබදතාවක් දක්වන ඇති බවත් ය. [[ආරියන්]] සංක්‍රමණයන්ට ‌පෙර පටන් ඔවුහු ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ විසූ ආදිවාසින් වූ අතර, අනාර්ය භාෂාවක් කතා කළ බවකි (Indian Historical Quartely, XI. pp. 515-516). වැද්දන් විසින් වනාතර‌යේ දඩයමට යන අතර භාවිතා කළ රහස් බසක් වශ‌යෙන් ඔවුන්‌ගේ භාෂාව වර්ධනය වන්නට ඇත. අදදු දඩයක්කරුවන් අතර ‌මෙවැනි ‘කැළැ බසක්’ භාවිතා කරන්‌නේ යක්ෂ ‌හෝ දේව බලපැම්වලින් ස්වකීය දඩයම ආරක්ෂා කරගැනීමට ය. මූලීක වශ‌යෙන් [[ආදිවැසියන්]] ‌ලෙස වර්ධනය වූ වැද්දන්‌ගේ අනාර්ය බස ක්‍රම‌යෙන් [[ආර්යන්]]ගේ පැමිණිම හා සිංහල භාෂාව හා සම්මිශ්‍රණය වි‌මෙන් දැන් භාවිතා කරන ආකෘතියට පරිවර්තනය වන්නට ඇත. ඒ ‌‌සේම, විවිධ අවශ්‍යතාවන්‌ගේ වර්ධනය සමග නව වචන තනා ගැනීම‌ට ‌හෝ ණයට ගැන්නට සිදු විය. ‌මෙ‌සේ විවිධ වූ බලපෑම් නිසාත්, පාසල් අධ්‍යපනය ව්‍යප්ත වීම නිසාත් ක්‍රම‌යෙන් පුරාණ වැදිබස අභාවයට යමින් පවති. ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. වැද්දන්ගේ ඇදහිලි රටාව මළ ඥාති වන්දනාවකි (Obesekera, 'G. Sinhal religion.' In M. Eliade ed. ''The encylopedia of religion, Vol 13.'' New York: Macmillan, 1987.). ===විශ්වාස=== ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== ජාන විද්‍යාත්මක පර්‌යේෂණයන් තුළින් තහවුරු වී ඇත්‌තේ උතුරු ඉන්දියානු ආර්ය සංක්‍රමණයට ‌පෙර විසු ප්‍රග්-ආර්ය ජනතාව හා සම්බන්ධතාවක් ඇති බව ය. කලාන්තරයක් තිස්‌සේ සිංහල හා දෙමළ ජනතාව අත‌රේ වාසය කළ වැද්දන් එකී ජනසමාජයන්ට ක්‍රම‌යෙන් සම්මිශ්‍රණය විය. වාද්දන්‌ගේ රුධිර වර්ග පරික්ෂා‌වේදී ‌සොයා ලනු ලැබු‌වේ ‌බො‌හෝ ආදිවාසි ජනවර්ගවල දක්නට ඇති O රුධිර කාණ්ඩය බහුතරයට ඇති බවකි. එ‌සේ ම ස්වල්ප ජන ‌කොට්ඨාශයක A රුධිර ගණය දක්නට තිබූ අතර, ඔවුන් අතර‌වෙනත් රුධිර කාණ්ඩයන් දක්නට නැත. අද සිංහලයන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත ව ඇති පවුල් කිහිපයක් ස්වකීය සම්භවය වැදිජන ප්‍රජාව ආශ්‍රය ‌‌කොට සිදුවිණයි ආඩම්බර‌යේ සඳහන් කරති. == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ද සිල්වා, එම්. ඩබ්. සුගතපාල, ''දඹා‌නේ වැදි බස '' ‌කොළඹ: සරසවි ප්‍රකාශ‌යෝ, 1964. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ජන සමාජය]] [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] 5584 2006-06-09T09:40:39Z Ravincaldera 100 /* වරුග ‌බෙදීම */ ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. [[image:Ceylon Native Village.jpg|thumb|right|350px| ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ වැදි පවුලක් (1910)]] ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරුවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ: මහා වංශ‌යේ සඳහන් වන පරිදි, [[විජය කුමරු]]වා කු‌වේණිය හා දරුවන් අතහැර දමා, විවහාය සඳහා රාජ කන්‍යවක් ඉන්දියා‌වෙන් ‌ගෙ‌නෙන ලදි. එහි දී [[කු‌වේණිය]] නැවත [[ලංකාපුර‌]]යෙහි ස්වකීය [[යක්ෂ]] ප්‍රජාව ‌වෙත හරවා යවන අතර, එහි දී ඇති වූ දබරයක දී ඇය මරණයට පත්වන්ණි ය. ඇය‌ගේ බාල ‌සො‌හොයුරා පැමිණ දරුවන් හට පලා යමට පවසයි. ඔවුන් සමන්-කුළ ([[සම‌නොළ කන්ද]])ට ‌ගොස් ‌ නැගණී දෙටු ‌සොයුරා හා වාසය ‌කොට, [[මලයා රට]] හෙවත් කදුකර ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජන ප්‍රජාවක් බිහි කළ අතර, ඔවුන් පුලින්දා ‌ලෙස දක්වා ඇත ([[මහාවංශය]] පරි. 7.59-68). පුලින්දන් පිළිබඳ ව සටහනක් තබන ගයිගර් තුමා පවසන්‌නේ, ඔවුන් ‌මේ‌‌ලේජ්‍ය ‌ගෝත්‍රික ප්‍රජාවක් වන්නට ඇති බවත්, පසුව වැද්දන් බවට හඳුන්වන්නට ඇති බවත් ය. ‌‌කොළඹ, කළුතර සහ ගාල්ල ආශ්‍රිත ප්‍රදේශ‌යේ සිට කදුකරය දක්වා ප්‍ර‌දේශය ‘සබරගමුව’ ‌ලෙසින් හදුන්වන අතර, එය ව්‍යුත්පන්න වන්නට ඇත්‌තේ ‘පුලින්ද’ යන්නට සමාන පදයක් වන [[සංස්කෘත]] ‘සබර,’ [[පාලි]] ‘සවර’ ‌මගින් ය. ‌උක්ත නිගමනයට අනුව ම යමින් ශ්‍රී සුමංගල හිමියන් හා බටුවන්තුඩා‌වේ ‌දේවරක්ෂිත පඬිවරයාණන් ඔවුන්‌ගේ [[මහාවංශ]] පරිවර්ත‌යේ ‘පුලින්ද’ වදන ‘වැද්දන්’ වශ‌යෙන් ඍජුව ම දක්වා ඇත. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ [[විජයාගමනයට]] ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්සන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌[[ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ්]] ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිවැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ '[[වන්නියලෑත්තන්]]' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. [[සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌ත]]හි ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌[[හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන්]] ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== වැදිසමාජය තුළ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන ධුරාවලියක් දක්නට නැති තරම් ය. ‌බො‌හෝ විට වැදි රැළක් වැදිනායකයකු යට‌තේ පාලනය විය. ආදිවාසි ජන ප්‍රජාවන්හි දක්නට ඇති ආකාර‌යේ, ‌ගෝත්‍ර අතර ‌වෛරයක් ‌හෝ ‌ගෝත්‍ර සටන් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. එක ම ප්‍ර‌දේශයක වරිග කිහිපයක වැදිජන ප්‍රජාවන් සමාදාන‌යෙන් ජීවත් වුව ද, ප්‍ර‌දේශයට ඇතුල්වීමේ දී විවිධ තහංචි ඔවුනොවුන් අතර විණ. සමහර වැදි වරිග‌යෝ ගඟක් ‌හෝ කැළැ ‌පෙ‌දෙසක් හරහා ‌වෙනත් ප්‍ර‌දේශයන් වලට සංක්‍රමණය වූ හ. ‌මෙ‌සේ ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යෙන් ප්‍ර‌දේශයට වැදි ප්‍රජාවන්‌ගේ ව්‍යාප්තවීම සිඳු වි ය. ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. සී. ජී. සෙල්ග්මාන්ට අනුව වැද්දන්‌‌ගේ වරිග ‌බෙදීම ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් ස්වකීය ‌ගෝත්‍ර‌යෙන් පිට විවහා වීම ‌හෙවත් [[බහිර්‌වෛවාහික]] සහ මාතෘ පාර්ෂව මූලීක, ඌරා සහ ‌මොනරා ආශ්‍රීත ගෝත්‍ර විහ්න ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් ‌ගොඩ නැගුනක් බව ය (C. G. Seligmann, The Vaddas, 1911, p.30). භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===දිවි‌පෙ‌වෙත=== මුල් කාල‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනප්‍රජාව ගල්‌ලෙන් ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ අතර, පසුව පැල්පත් ආශ්‍රීත ගම්මාන කරා සංක්‍රමණය වන්නට ඇත. [[image:gathering honey.jpg|thumb|left|150px|බඹර පැණි එකතු කරන අනතුරුදායක අවස්ථාවක් (1887)]] ඒවා වැදි ‌කොරටු ‌ලෙසින් හැඳින් වූ අතර, වරින් වර, ආහාර ‌සොයා ගත හැකි පමණට කොරටු‌වෙන් ‌කොරටුවට වැදි ප්‍රජාව සංක්‍රමණය වී‌මේ සිරිතක් විය. පසුකාලීනව ඇති වූ ගම්වැද්‌දෝ ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් හේන් ‌ගොවිතැන ඇසුරු ‌‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුදු, ඔවුන්‌ගේ සාම්ප්‍රදායික දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙත සම්පුර්ණ‌යෙන් ම අත් ‌නොහැරිය හ. වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් දඩයම් කිරී‌මෙන් ජීවත් වූ අතර, ඔවුන්‌ගේ මුලීක ප්‍රවනතාවය වූ‌යේ ‌ගොනා දඩයම් කිරීම ය. ‌ගොනා ගිරි ආශ්‍රිත ව වාසය කළ නිසා වැද්දන් ද ගිරි‌ලෙන් ආශ්‍රිත දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙතකට හුරු වන්නට ඇති බව ‌බො‌හෝ විද්‍යාර්ථයින් විශ්වාස තරති. ‌මෙයට අමතර ව, ඔවුන් ඵල-අල ආහාරයට ගනිමින් ද, වන මී රැස්වන කාලයට මී කැඩි‌මෙන් ද දිවි ‌පෙ‌‌වෙත සරි කර ගත් හ. වැද්දන් ආහාර පුළුස්සා ගැනීම කරන අතර, අලවර්ග ‌‌බො‌හෝවිට උණු අළුපල්‌ලේ ලා තම්බා ගැනීම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. දඩයම් කිරීම හා ආහාර අනුභවය කණ්ඩායමක් වශ‌යෙන් එකට ම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. වැඩිපුර ඇති ආහාර ද්‍රව්‍ය හිඟ කාලයන් සඳහා කල් තබා ගැනීමට මස් වර්ග වියලීම (හෙවත් කරවල කිරීම), එල්ලා දුම්ගැස්ස වීම ‌හෝ මීපැනිවල බහා තැබීම වැනි ක්‍රියාවන් කළ හ. '''රෑ‌‌හේ නායකයා''' වැදි‌ගෝත්‍රය සංවිධානය වන්නේ 'නායකයෙකු' වටා ය. එ‌හෙයින් විවිධ වූ වැදිජනප්‍රජාවන් සඳහා නායක‌යෝ සිටිය හ. එ‌හෙත් පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් වැදි ජනතාව‌ගේ ප්‍රාමාණාත්මක අඩුවීම නිසා සහ ආණ්ඩුව විසින් ඔවුන් වසන ප්‍ර‌දේශ පාලනය නායකයන්ගේ පැවැත්ම ක්‍රමයෙන් නැති ව ගි‌යේ ය. වැදි ප්‍රජා‌වේ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන නායක‌යෙක් ‌‌ලෙස මෑත යුග‌යේ සිටි‌යේ දඹා‌නේ මහාවන්නියලැත්‌‌තෝ ‌හෙවත් තිසාහාමිලැත්‌තෝ ය. [[image:Vaddas meeting.jpg|thumb|right|150px| පිටස්තරයන් හමූ වූ ‌මො‌හොතක්...(1887)]] ===පවුල් දිවිය=== වැදි ජනයා අතර [[ඥාතීත්වය]] සහ ඔවුන්ට ආමන්ත්‍රණය සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජාව ‌මෙන් ‌‌වෙයි. අප්පිලැත්‌තෝ (පියා), අම්මිලැත්‌තෝ (මව), ආදි වශ‌යෙන් 'ලැත්‌තෝ' යන පාඨය ඥාතිතවයට පසුව ‌යෙදී‌මෙන් ඔවුහු ආමන්ත්‍රණය තනා ගනිති. බිරිද(කුඩ්‌පෙත්ත)ට ‌බො‌හෝ විට, 'නංගිලැත්‌තෝ' යන ‌යෙඳුම ‌යොදනු‌යේ, වැදිජනප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ඇති බෑණා සහ නැනා (ඇවැස්ස හුරා-නෑනා) විවාහයන් නිසා‌වෙන් ය. සිංහල සමාජ‌යේ ‌මෙන් ම, විවාහ සහ ලිංගික සම්බන්ධතා සම්බන්ධ‌යෙන් විවිධ වූ තහංචි පැන වී තිබිණි. නිදසුනක් ‌ලෙස, මාමා සහ නෑනැ අතර, බෑණා සහ නැන්දා අතර ‌මෙන් ම, මවු-පිය පාර්ෂව‌යේ ස‌හෝදරයන් ‌හෝ වියපත් ස‌හෝදර ස‌හෝදරියන් අතරත් විවාහයන් තහනම් විණ. එ‌හෙත් මරණයක දී, මළ ස‌හෝදරිය ‌හෝ ස‌හෝදරයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් සැමියා ‌හෝ බිරිය එකී පවු‌ලේ තව ස‌හෝදරියක් ‌හෝ ස‌හොදරයෙක් විවාහ කර ගැනීම සිඳු විම නිසා, නැවතත් දරුවන් හට ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබිණ. '''පවුල් සම්බන්ධතා''' අඹු-සැමි දිවිය අගය කළ වැදි ජනයා අතර, සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ලැ‌බෙන බහුභාර්යා ‌සේවනය ‌හෝ බහු පුරුෂ ‌සේවනය තබා, පරදාර ‌සේවනය වත් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. විවාහ‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනයා ස්වකීය භාර්යාවන්ට මනා ‌සේ ඇළුම් කළ අතර, එකි‌නෙකාට විශ්වාසවන්ත ‌ලෙස ද ජීවත් විය. එ‌හෙයින් වි‌දේශිය මිශනාරිවරුන් විසින් ‌කෙවල විවහා කුමය ලංකාවට හඳුන්වා දීමට පෙර සිට ම, වැද්දන් අතර ‌කේවල විවාහ ක්‍රමය තිබූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌රේ ගැහැණිය හට මනා ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබුණු අතර, ඇය පවු‌ලේ පළමු ‌කොට, ආහාර‌යෙන් ‌කොටස භුක්ති වින්ද හ. ‌මෙයින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්නේ කාන්තාව වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌‌රේ ‌ගෞවරවයට පාත්‍ර වූ බවකි. '''විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන්''' වැදි දරු‌වෝ කල් ‌නොයවා ස්වකීය නෑන-හුරා විවාහයන්ට ඇතුළු ‌වෙති. ඔවුන් අතර ස‌හෝදර ස‌හොදරි ව්‍යවාහයන් ‌හෝ විවාහයට ‌පෙර ලිංගිත සම්බන්ධතාවන් සිදු ‌නො‌වේ. විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන් ‌බො‌හෝ ‌සේ ලුහුඩු ය; සරල ය. තරුණ වැදි ‌කොළු‌වෙකු හිතගිය තරුණි‌ය‌ගේ ‌පියාගේ ගෙට පැණි මුලක් හා මස් රැ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ‌යොජනාව පියාට පවසන අතර, පියා විසින් ඇයට නියඳ පට්ටාවලින් ඇඹරූ රෑනක් ‌ගෙන ඔහු‌ගේ ඉණ වටා බඳිනු ලැ‌බේ. එතැන් සිට ‌‌දෙ‌දෙනා අඹු-සැමි‌යෝ ‌වෙති. ඒ රෑණ දිරා ගිය කල්හි, අලුත් නියඳ රෑණක් අඹරා බැඳී‌මේ කාර්යය භාර්ය්‍යාව සතු ‌වෙයි. සාමාන්‍ය‌යෙන් මාමලැත්‌තෝ විසින් බඹර වද ඇති තැනක් පවරා දීමත්, දඩ බල්ලන් සහ දුනු ඊතල දීමත් කරන ලදි. සමහර අවස්ථාවලදි මනමාලයා විසින් මනමාලියට ‌රෙදිපිලි දීම පසුකාලින ව ඇති වූ සිරිකත් බව ‌පෙනේ. විවාහ‌යෙන් පසුව බෑනා මාමා‌ගේ රෑණට එකතුවී, දඩයමට සහයවීම සිඳු ‌වෙයි. එබැවින් වැදි ජනයා අත‌රේ පිරිමි දරුවන්ට වඩා ගැහැණු දරැවන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි ඇල්මක් ඇත. '''දරුදැරි‌යෝ''' විවාහ‌යෙන් පසු, දරු ගැබක් පහළ වූ පසු, වැදි ජනයා අතර ආරක්ෂාවන් සඳහා විවිධ [[අභිචාර]] විධී භාවිතා කරයි. පුරාණ‌යෙදී 'පට්ටා යකා' පූජාවක් කරමින් ගැබ් ආරක්ෂා කළ බව ප්‍රකට ය. ප්‍රසූතිය ගල්‌ලෙනක ‌හෝ පැ‌ලේදී සිඳු විණ. ප්‍රසූති‌යෙන් පසු ව විවිධ මස්-මාශ වර්ග අනුභවය නුසුදුසුයයි පිළි ගැනීමක් විණ. එ‌සේ ම කිරී එරීම සඳහා ම ‌යොග්‍යයයි පිළිගත් අලවර්ග ආහාරයට දීම කරන ලදි. දරුවා හට මසක් තුළ නමක් දුන් අතර, යකුන්‌ගේ ‌දොස් වලින් ආරක්ෂා කර ගැනීමට දරුවා ‌බො‌හෝ විට හඳුන්වනු ලැබු‌වේ විවිධ වූ හුරතල් නම් වලිනි. ඔවුන්‌ගේ නියම නමින් හඳුවන්නට පටන් ගන්‌නේ දරුවා වැඩුණු පසු ය. දරුවන් ‌ගේ වයස අවුරුදු හත පමණ වනතුරැත් ඔවුන් නිර්වස්ත්‍රව සිටිති. වයස අවුරුදු දහය-දො‌ළොහ පමණ වය‌සේ දී දරුවන් විසින් ගල්දුනු භාවිත‌යෙන් කුරුල්ලන් සහ කුඩා සතුන් දඩයම් කරති. දරුවන් වැඩිවියට පැමි‌ණෙත් ම විවිධ දඩයම් කරන ශිල්පයත්, බඹර කැඩී‌මේ ආකාරයත් ඔවුනට කියා ‌දෙනු ලැබේ. ‌මෙ‌සේ වැඩුණු පිරිමි දරුවන් දඩයම් සහ බඹර කැඩී‌මේ දී හවුල් කර ගන්‌නේ එකී කුසලතා වර්ධනය කිරීමට ය. වැදි දැරිවිය මල්වර වූ විට, ඇය [[නුග]] ගසක් ‌වෙතට ‌‌ගොස් ගල් කැටවලින් එයට ගැසීමත්, එය කන වැකුණු මව වතුර කළයක් ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ඇය නහවා, හිසිට පසුපසින් එය බිමට වැටී බිඳී සියලු ‌දොස් දුරු කිරීම හැර ‌වෙනත් වි‌ශේෂිත ‌[[කොටහළු සිරිත්]] නැත. පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් සිංහල මල්වර සිරිත් වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වීම නිසා, මල්වර දැරිය කිළි පැලක වැඩිමහළු කාන්තාවක් හා තැබීම හා ඒ ආශ්‍රිත අභිචාර විධි කිරීම දැන් අපට අසන්නට දක්නිනට ඇත. මරණය වැද්දන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි භිය උපදවන අවස්ථාවකි. එවැන් විට ඔවුහු ගල්‌ලෙන් අතැර යති. එ‌සේ කරනු‌යේ, මළ පුද්ගලයන් ඔවුන් හඹා එනු ඇතයි බි‌යෙනි. වැද්දන් විශ්වාස කරන පරිදි, මරණ‌යෙන් පසු ස්වකිය ඥාතියා නෑ ය‌කෙකු කිරීමට, දින කිහිපයක් මළ පුද්ගලයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් පුද පූජා පවත්වති. '''බාහිර සම්බන්ධතා''' ‌රොබට් ‌‌‌නොක්ස් පවසන පරිදි, ඔවුන් මුව දඩය‌මෙහි සහ දුම් ගැස්සවීම් කිරීම් තුළින් වියලා ගැනීම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. සිංහල මිනිස්සු දඩමස් ලබා ගැනීමට වැද්දන් ‌වෙත පැමිණිය හ. රජු‌ගේ කෑම ‌මේසයට සඩමස් සැපයීම කාර්‌යේ ද නිරිත විය. ඒවාට අමතර ව, රජු හට ඇත්දළ සැපයීම ද, මී පැණි සහ මී ඉටි සැපයීම ද කරන ලදි. රජු ද ඔවුන්ට ප්‍රත්‍යුපකාර වශ‌යෙන් වැද්දන් හට ‌රෙදිපිළි සහ ඊතල ආදිය දුන්‌නේ ය. ‌රොබට් ‌නොක්ස්‌ගේ වාර්තාවට අනුව වැද්‌දෝ වරක් රජුට එ‌රෙහිව පැමිණි යුද්ධවලදී සටන් කළ හ. එ‌සේම, ඔවුහු ඔවුන්ට අයිති ප්‍ර‌දේශ ආරක්ෂා කරමින් රජුට ද වක්‍රාකාර ව ආරක්ෂාව සපයන ලදී. ===වැදි බස=== වැදිභාෂාව ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් කළ පර්‌යේෂණයන් ඇසුරින් විලියම් ගයිගර් වියතාණන් දක්වන්‌නේ, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ඇ‌බොරජිනි වැනි ‌‌ගෝත්‍රික ප්‍රජාවක් බවත්, දකුණු ඉන්දියා‌වේ ‌පෞරාණික ‌ගෝත්‍රයන්ට නෑ සබදතාවක් දක්වන ඇති බවත් ය. [[ආරියන්]] සංක්‍රමණයන්ට ‌පෙර පටන් ඔවුහු ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ විසූ ආදිවාසින් වූ අතර, අනාර්ය භාෂාවක් කතා කළ බවකි (Indian Historical Quartely, XI. pp. 515-516). වැද්දන් විසින් වනාතර‌යේ දඩයමට යන අතර භාවිතා කළ රහස් බසක් වශ‌යෙන් ඔවුන්‌ගේ භාෂාව වර්ධනය වන්නට ඇත. අදදු දඩයක්කරුවන් අතර ‌මෙවැනි ‘කැළැ බසක්’ භාවිතා කරන්‌නේ යක්ෂ ‌හෝ දේව බලපැම්වලින් ස්වකීය දඩයම ආරක්ෂා කරගැනීමට ය. මූලීක වශ‌යෙන් [[ආදිවැසියන්]] ‌ලෙස වර්ධනය වූ වැද්දන්‌ගේ අනාර්ය බස ක්‍රම‌යෙන් [[ආර්යන්]]ගේ පැමිණිම හා සිංහල භාෂාව හා සම්මිශ්‍රණය වි‌මෙන් දැන් භාවිතා කරන ආකෘතියට පරිවර්තනය වන්නට ඇත. ඒ ‌‌සේම, විවිධ අවශ්‍යතාවන්‌ගේ වර්ධනය සමග නව වචන තනා ගැනීම‌ට ‌හෝ ණයට ගැන්නට සිදු විය. ‌මෙ‌සේ විවිධ වූ බලපෑම් නිසාත්, පාසල් අධ්‍යපනය ව්‍යප්ත වීම නිසාත් ක්‍රම‌යෙන් පුරාණ වැදිබස අභාවයට යමින් පවති. ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. වැද්දන්ගේ ඇදහිලි රටාව මළ ඥාති වන්දනාවකි (Obesekera, 'G. Sinhal religion.' In M. Eliade ed. ''The encylopedia of religion, Vol 13.'' New York: Macmillan, 1987.). ===විශ්වාස=== ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== ජාන විද්‍යාත්මක පර්‌යේෂණයන් තුළින් තහවුරු වී ඇත්‌තේ උතුරු ඉන්දියානු ආර්ය සංක්‍රමණයට ‌පෙර විසු ප්‍රග්-ආර්ය ජනතාව හා සම්බන්ධතාවක් ඇති බව ය. කලාන්තරයක් තිස්‌සේ සිංහල හා දෙමළ ජනතාව අත‌රේ වාසය කළ වැද්දන් එකී ජනසමාජයන්ට ක්‍රම‌යෙන් සම්මිශ්‍රණය විය. වාද්දන්‌ගේ රුධිර වර්ග පරික්ෂා‌වේදී ‌සොයා ලනු ලැබු‌වේ ‌බො‌හෝ ආදිවාසි ජනවර්ගවල දක්නට ඇති O රුධිර කාණ්ඩය බහුතරයට ඇති බවකි. එ‌සේ ම ස්වල්ප ජන ‌කොට්ඨාශයක A රුධිර ගණය දක්නට තිබූ අතර, ඔවුන් අතර‌වෙනත් රුධිර කාණ්ඩයන් දක්නට නැත. අද සිංහලයන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත ව ඇති පවුල් කිහිපයක් ස්වකීය සම්භවය වැදිජන ප්‍රජාව ආශ්‍රය ‌‌කොට සිදුවිණයි ආඩම්බර‌යේ සඳහන් කරති. == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ද සිල්වා, එම්. ඩබ්. සුගතපාල, ''දඹා‌නේ වැදි බස '' ‌කොළඹ: සරසවි ප්‍රකාශ‌යෝ, 1964. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ජන සමාජය]] [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] 5586 2006-06-09T10:16:23Z Ravincaldera 100 /* වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා */ ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. [[image:Ceylon Native Village.jpg|thumb|right|350px| ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ වැදි පවුලක් (1910)]] ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරුවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ: මහා වංශ‌යේ සඳහන් වන පරිදි, [[විජය කුමරු]]වා කු‌වේණිය හා දරුවන් අතහැර දමා, විවහාය සඳහා රාජ කන්‍යවක් ඉන්දියා‌වෙන් ‌ගෙ‌නෙන ලදි. එහි දී [[කු‌වේණිය]] නැවත [[ලංකාපුර‌]]යෙහි ස්වකීය [[යක්ෂ]] ප්‍රජාව ‌වෙත හරවා යවන අතර, එහි දී ඇති වූ දබරයක දී ඇය මරණයට පත්වන්ණි ය. ඇය‌ගේ බාල ‌සො‌හොයුරා පැමිණ දරුවන් හට පලා යමට පවසයි. ඔවුන් සමන්-කුළ ([[සම‌නොළ කන්ද]])ට ‌ගොස් ‌ නැගණී දෙටු ‌සොයුරා හා වාසය ‌කොට, [[මලයා රට]] හෙවත් කදුකර ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජන ප්‍රජාවක් බිහි කළ අතර, ඔවුන් පුලින්දා ‌ලෙස දක්වා ඇත ([[මහාවංශය]] පරි. 7.59-68). පුලින්දන් පිළිබඳ ව සටහනක් තබන ගයිගර් තුමා පවසන්‌නේ, ඔවුන් ‌මේ‌‌ලේජ්‍ය ‌ගෝත්‍රික ප්‍රජාවක් වන්නට ඇති බවත්, පසුව වැද්දන් බවට හඳුන්වන්නට ඇති බවත් ය. ‌‌කොළඹ, කළුතර සහ ගාල්ල ආශ්‍රිත ප්‍රදේශ‌යේ සිට කදුකරය දක්වා ප්‍ර‌දේශය ‘සබරගමුව’ ‌ලෙසින් හදුන්වන අතර, එය ව්‍යුත්පන්න වන්නට ඇත්‌තේ ‘පුලින්ද’ යන්නට සමාන පදයක් වන [[සංස්කෘත]] ‘සබර,’ [[පාලි]] ‘සවර’ ‌මගින් ය. ‌උක්ත නිගමනයට අනුව ම යමින් ශ්‍රී සුමංගල හිමියන් හා බටුවන්තුඩා‌වේ ‌දේවරක්ෂිත පඬිවරයාණන් ඔවුන්‌ගේ [[මහාවංශ]] පරිවර්ත‌යේ ‘පුලින්ද’ වදන ‘වැද්දන්’ වශ‌යෙන් ඍජුව ම දක්වා ඇත. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ [[විජයාගමනයට]] ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්සන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌[[ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ්]] ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිවැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ '[[වන්නියලෑත්තන්]]' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. [[සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌ත]]හි ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌[[හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන්]] ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== වැදිසමාජය තුළ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන ධුරාවලියක් දක්නට නැති තරම් ය. ‌බො‌හෝ විට වැදි රැළක් වැදිනායකයකු යට‌තේ පාලනය විය. ආදිවාසි ජන ප්‍රජාවන්හි දක්නට ඇති ආකාර‌යේ, ‌ගෝත්‍ර අතර ‌වෛරයක් ‌හෝ ‌ගෝත්‍ර සටන් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. එක ම ප්‍ර‌දේශයක වරිග කිහිපයක වැදිජන ප්‍රජාවන් සමාදාන‌යෙන් ජීවත් වුව ද, ප්‍ර‌දේශයට ඇතුල්වීමේ දී විවිධ තහංචි ඔවුනොවුන් අතර විණ. සමහර වැදි වරිග‌යෝ ගඟක් ‌හෝ කැළැ ‌පෙ‌දෙසක් හරහා ‌වෙනත් ප්‍ර‌දේශයන් වලට සංක්‍රමණය වූ හ. ‌මෙ‌සේ ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යෙන් ප්‍ර‌දේශයට වැදි ප්‍රජාවන්‌ගේ ව්‍යාප්තවීම සිඳු වි ය. ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. සී. ජී. සෙල්ග්මාන්ට අනුව වැද්දන්‌‌ගේ වරිග ‌බෙදීම ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් ස්වකීය ‌ගෝත්‍ර‌යෙන් පිට විවහා වීම ‌හෙවත් [[බහිර්‌වෛවාහික]] සහ මාතෘ පාර්ෂව මූලීක, ඌරා සහ ‌මොනරා ආශ්‍රීත ගෝත්‍ර විහ්න ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් ‌ගොඩ නැගුනක් බව ය (C. G. Seligmann, The Vaddas, 1911, p.30). භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===දිවි‌පෙ‌වෙත=== මුල් කාල‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනප්‍රජාව ගල්‌ලෙන් ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ අතර, පසුව පැල්පත් ආශ්‍රීත ගම්මාන කරා සංක්‍රමණය වන්නට ඇත. [[image:gathering honey.jpg|thumb|left|150px|බඹර පැණි එකතු කරන අනතුරුදායක අවස්ථාවක් (1887)]] ඒවා වැදි ‌කොරටු ‌ලෙසින් හැඳින් වූ අතර, වරින් වර, ආහාර ‌සොයා ගත හැකි පමණට කොරටු‌වෙන් ‌කොරටුවට වැදි ප්‍රජාව සංක්‍රමණය වී‌මේ සිරිතක් විය. පසුකාලීනව ඇති වූ ගම්වැද්‌දෝ ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් හේන් ‌ගොවිතැන ඇසුරු ‌‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුදු, ඔවුන්‌ගේ සාම්ප්‍රදායික දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙත සම්පුර්ණ‌යෙන් ම අත් ‌නොහැරිය හ. වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් දඩයම් කිරී‌මෙන් ජීවත් වූ අතර, ඔවුන්‌ගේ මුලීක ප්‍රවනතාවය වූ‌යේ ‌ගොනා දඩයම් කිරීම ය. ‌ගොනා ගිරි ආශ්‍රිත ව වාසය කළ නිසා වැද්දන් ද ගිරි‌ලෙන් ආශ්‍රිත දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙතකට හුරු වන්නට ඇති බව ‌බො‌හෝ විද්‍යාර්ථයින් විශ්වාස තරති. ‌මෙයට අමතර ව, ඔවුන් ඵල-අල ආහාරයට ගනිමින් ද, වන මී රැස්වන කාලයට මී කැඩි‌මෙන් ද දිවි ‌පෙ‌‌වෙත සරි කර ගත් හ. වැද්දන් ආහාර පුළුස්සා ගැනීම කරන අතර, අලවර්ග ‌‌බො‌හෝවිට උණු අළුපල්‌ලේ ලා තම්බා ගැනීම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. දඩයම් කිරීම හා ආහාර අනුභවය කණ්ඩායමක් වශ‌යෙන් එකට ම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. වැඩිපුර ඇති ආහාර ද්‍රව්‍ය හිඟ කාලයන් සඳහා කල් තබා ගැනීමට මස් වර්ග වියලීම (හෙවත් කරවල කිරීම), එල්ලා දුම්ගැස්ස වීම ‌හෝ මීපැනිවල බහා තැබීම වැනි ක්‍රියාවන් කළ හ. '''රෑ‌‌හේ නායකයා''' වැදි‌ගෝත්‍රය සංවිධානය වන්නේ 'නායකයෙකු' වටා ය. එ‌හෙයින් විවිධ වූ වැදිජනප්‍රජාවන් සඳහා නායක‌යෝ සිටිය හ. එ‌හෙත් පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් වැදි ජනතාව‌ගේ ප්‍රාමාණාත්මක අඩුවීම නිසා සහ ආණ්ඩුව විසින් ඔවුන් වසන ප්‍ර‌දේශ පාලනය නායකයන්ගේ පැවැත්ම ක්‍රමයෙන් නැති ව ගි‌යේ ය. වැදි ප්‍රජා‌වේ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන නායක‌යෙක් ‌‌ලෙස මෑත යුග‌යේ සිටි‌යේ දඹා‌නේ මහාවන්නියලැත්‌‌තෝ ‌හෙවත් තිසාහාමිලැත්‌තෝ ය. [[image:Vaddas meeting.jpg|thumb|right|150px| පිටස්තරයන් හමූ වූ ‌මො‌හොතක්...(1887)]] ===පවුල් දිවිය=== වැදි ජනයා අතර [[ඥාතීත්වය]] සහ ඔවුන්ට ආමන්ත්‍රණය සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජාව ‌මෙන් ‌‌වෙයි. අප්පිලැත්‌තෝ (පියා), අම්මිලැත්‌තෝ (මව), ආදි වශ‌යෙන් 'ලැත්‌තෝ' යන පාඨය ඥාතිතවයට පසුව ‌යෙදී‌මෙන් ඔවුහු ආමන්ත්‍රණය තනා ගනිති. බිරිද(කුඩ්‌පෙත්ත)ට ‌බො‌හෝ විට, 'නංගිලැත්‌තෝ' යන ‌යෙඳුම ‌යොදනු‌යේ, වැදිජනප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ඇති බෑණා සහ නැනා (ඇවැස්ස හුරා-නෑනා) විවාහයන් නිසා‌වෙන් ය. සිංහල සමාජ‌යේ ‌මෙන් ම, විවාහ සහ ලිංගික සම්බන්ධතා සම්බන්ධ‌යෙන් විවිධ වූ තහංචි පැන වී තිබිණි. නිදසුනක් ‌ලෙස, මාමා සහ නෑනැ අතර, බෑණා සහ නැන්දා අතර ‌මෙන් ම, මවු-පිය පාර්ෂව‌යේ ස‌හෝදරයන් ‌හෝ වියපත් ස‌හෝදර ස‌හෝදරියන් අතරත් විවාහයන් තහනම් විණ. එ‌හෙත් මරණයක දී, මළ ස‌හෝදරිය ‌හෝ ස‌හෝදරයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් සැමියා ‌හෝ බිරිය එකී පවු‌ලේ තව ස‌හෝදරියක් ‌හෝ ස‌හොදරයෙක් විවාහ කර ගැනීම සිඳු විම නිසා, නැවතත් දරුවන් හට ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබිණ. '''පවුල් සම්බන්ධතා''' අඹු-සැමි දිවිය අගය කළ වැදි ජනයා අතර, සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ලැ‌බෙන බහුභාර්යා ‌සේවනය ‌හෝ බහු පුරුෂ ‌සේවනය තබා, පරදාර ‌සේවනය වත් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. විවාහ‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනයා ස්වකීය භාර්යාවන්ට මනා ‌සේ ඇළුම් කළ අතර, එකි‌නෙකාට විශ්වාසවන්ත ‌ලෙස ද ජීවත් විය. එ‌හෙයින් වි‌දේශිය මිශනාරිවරුන් විසින් ‌කෙවල විවහා කුමය ලංකාවට හඳුන්වා දීමට පෙර සිට ම, වැද්දන් අතර ‌කේවල විවාහ ක්‍රමය තිබූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌රේ ගැහැණිය හට මනා ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබුණු අතර, ඇය පවු‌ලේ පළමු ‌කොට, ආහාර‌යෙන් ‌කොටස භුක්ති වින්ද හ. ‌මෙයින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්නේ කාන්තාව වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌‌රේ ‌ගෞවරවයට පාත්‍ර වූ බවකි. '''විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන්''' වැදි දරු‌වෝ කල් ‌නොයවා ස්වකීය නෑන-හුරා විවාහයන්ට ඇතුළු ‌වෙති. ඔවුන් අතර ස‌හෝදර ස‌හොදරි ව්‍යවාහයන් ‌හෝ විවාහයට ‌පෙර ලිංගිත සම්බන්ධතාවන් සිදු ‌නො‌වේ. විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන් ‌බො‌හෝ ‌සේ ලුහුඩු ය; සරල ය. තරුණ වැදි ‌කොළු‌වෙකු හිතගිය තරුණි‌ය‌ගේ ‌පියාගේ ගෙට පැණි මුලක් හා මස් රැ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ‌යොජනාව පියාට පවසන අතර, පියා විසින් ඇයට නියඳ පට්ටාවලින් ඇඹරූ රෑනක් ‌ගෙන ඔහු‌ගේ ඉණ වටා බඳිනු ලැ‌බේ. එතැන් සිට ‌‌දෙ‌දෙනා අඹු-සැමි‌යෝ ‌වෙති. ඒ රෑණ දිරා ගිය කල්හි, අලුත් නියඳ රෑණක් අඹරා බැඳී‌මේ කාර්යය භාර්ය්‍යාව සතු ‌වෙයි. සාමාන්‍ය‌යෙන් මාමලැත්‌තෝ විසින් බඹර වද ඇති තැනක් පවරා දීමත්, දඩ බල්ලන් සහ දුනු ඊතල දීමත් කරන ලදි. සමහර අවස්ථාවලදි මනමාලයා විසින් මනමාලියට ‌රෙදිපිලි දීම පසුකාලින ව ඇති වූ සිරිකත් බව ‌පෙනේ. විවාහ‌යෙන් පසුව බෑනා මාමා‌ගේ රෑණට එකතුවී, දඩයමට සහයවීම සිඳු ‌වෙයි. එබැවින් වැදි ජනයා අත‌රේ පිරිමි දරුවන්ට වඩා ගැහැණු දරැවන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි ඇල්මක් ඇත. '''දරුදැරි‌යෝ''' විවාහ‌යෙන් පසු, දරු ගැබක් පහළ වූ පසු, වැදි ජනයා අතර ආරක්ෂාවන් සඳහා විවිධ [[අභිචාර]] විධී භාවිතා කරයි. පුරාණ‌යෙදී 'පට්ටා යකා' පූජාවක් කරමින් ගැබ් ආරක්ෂා කළ බව ප්‍රකට ය. ප්‍රසූතිය ගල්‌ලෙනක ‌හෝ පැ‌ලේදී සිඳු විණ. ප්‍රසූති‌යෙන් පසු ව විවිධ මස්-මාශ වර්ග අනුභවය නුසුදුසුයයි පිළි ගැනීමක් විණ. එ‌සේ ම කිරී එරීම සඳහා ම ‌යොග්‍යයයි පිළිගත් අලවර්ග ආහාරයට දීම කරන ලදි. දරුවා හට මසක් තුළ නමක් දුන් අතර, යකුන්‌ගේ ‌දොස් වලින් ආරක්ෂා කර ගැනීමට දරුවා ‌බො‌හෝ විට හඳුන්වනු ලැබු‌වේ විවිධ වූ හුරතල් නම් වලිනි. ඔවුන්‌ගේ නියම නමින් හඳුවන්නට පටන් ගන්‌නේ දරුවා වැඩුණු පසු ය. දරුවන් ‌ගේ වයස අවුරුදු හත පමණ වනතුරැත් ඔවුන් නිර්වස්ත්‍රව සිටිති. වයස අවුරුදු දහය-දො‌ළොහ පමණ වය‌සේ දී දරුවන් විසින් ගල්දුනු භාවිත‌යෙන් කුරුල්ලන් සහ කුඩා සතුන් දඩයම් කරති. දරුවන් වැඩිවියට පැමි‌ණෙත් ම විවිධ දඩයම් කරන ශිල්පයත්, බඹර කැඩී‌මේ ආකාරයත් ඔවුනට කියා ‌දෙනු ලැබේ. ‌මෙ‌සේ වැඩුණු පිරිමි දරුවන් දඩයම් සහ බඹර කැඩී‌මේ දී හවුල් කර ගන්‌නේ එකී කුසලතා වර්ධනය කිරීමට ය. වැදි දැරිවිය මල්වර වූ විට, ඇය [[නුග]] ගසක් ‌වෙතට ‌‌ගොස් ගල් කැටවලින් එයට ගැසීමත්, එය කන වැකුණු මව වතුර කළයක් ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ඇය නහවා, හිසිට පසුපසින් එය බිමට වැටී බිඳී සියලු ‌දොස් දුරු කිරීම හැර ‌වෙනත් වි‌ශේෂිත ‌[[කොටහළු සිරිත්]] නැත. පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් සිංහල මල්වර සිරිත් වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වීම නිසා, මල්වර දැරිය කිළි පැලක වැඩිමහළු කාන්තාවක් හා තැබීම හා ඒ ආශ්‍රිත අභිචාර විධි කිරීම දැන් අපට අසන්නට දක්නිනට ඇත. මරණය වැද්දන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි භිය උපදවන අවස්ථාවකි. එවැන් විට ඔවුහු ගල්‌ලෙන් අතැර යති. එ‌සේ කරනු‌යේ, මළ පුද්ගලයන් ඔවුන් හඹා එනු ඇතයි බි‌යෙනි. වැද්දන් විශ්වාස කරන පරිදි, මරණ‌යෙන් පසු ස්වකිය ඥාතියා නෑ ය‌කෙකු කිරීමට, දින කිහිපයක් මළ පුද්ගලයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් පුද පූජා පවත්වති. '''බාහිර සම්බන්ධතා''' ‌රොබට් ‌‌‌නොක්ස් පවසන පරිදි, ඔවුන් මුව දඩය‌මෙහි සහ දුම් ගැස්සවීම් කිරීම් තුළින් වියලා ගැනීම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. සිංහල මිනිස්සු දඩමස් ලබා ගැනීමට වැද්දන් ‌වෙත පැමිණිය හ. රජු‌ගේ කෑම ‌මේසයට සඩමස් සැපයීම කාර්‌යේ ද නිරිත විය. ඒවාට අමතර ව, රජු හට ඇත්දළ සැපයීම ද, මී පැණි සහ මී ඉටි සැපයීම ද කරන ලදි. රජු ද ඔවුන්ට ප්‍රත්‍යුපකාර වශ‌යෙන් වැද්දන් හට ‌රෙදිපිළි සහ ඊතල ආදිය දුන්‌නේ ය. ‌රොබට් ‌නොක්ස්‌ගේ වාර්තාවට අනුව වැද්‌දෝ වරක් රජුට එ‌රෙහිව පැමිණි යුද්ධවලදී සටන් කළ හ. එ‌සේම, ඔවුහු ඔවුන්ට අයිති ප්‍ර‌දේශ ආරක්ෂා කරමින් රජුට ද වක්‍රාකාර ව ආරක්ෂාව සපයන ලදී. ===වැදි බස=== වැදිභාෂාව ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් කළ පර්‌යේෂණයන් ඇසුරින් විලියම් ගයිගර් වියතාණන් දක්වන්‌නේ, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ඇ‌බොරජිනි වැනි ‌‌ගෝත්‍රික ප්‍රජාවක් බවත්, දකුණු ඉන්දියා‌වේ ‌පෞරාණික ‌ගෝත්‍රයන්ට නෑ සබදතාවක් දක්වන ඇති බවත් ය. [[ආරියන්]] සංක්‍රමණයන්ට ‌පෙර පටන් ඔවුහු ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ විසූ ආදිවාසින් වූ අතර, අනාර්ය භාෂාවක් කතා කළ බවකි (Indian Historical Quartely, XI. pp. 515-516). වැද්දන් විසින් වනාතර‌යේ දඩයමට යන අතර භාවිතා කළ රහස් බසක් වශ‌යෙන් ඔවුන්‌ගේ භාෂාව වර්ධනය වන්නට ඇත. අදදු දඩයක්කරුවන් අතර ‌මෙවැනි ‘කැළැ බසක්’ භාවිතා කරන්‌නේ යක්ෂ ‌හෝ දේව බලපැම්වලින් ස්වකීය දඩයම ආරක්ෂා කරගැනීමට ය. මූලීක වශ‌යෙන් [[ආදිවැසියන්]] ‌ලෙස වර්ධනය වූ වැද්දන්‌ගේ අනාර්ය බස ක්‍රම‌යෙන් [[ආර්යන්]]ගේ පැමිණිම හා සිංහල භාෂාව හා සම්මිශ්‍රණය වි‌මෙන් දැන් භාවිතා කරන ආකෘතියට පරිවර්තනය වන්නට ඇත. ඒ ‌‌සේම, විවිධ අවශ්‍යතාවන්‌ගේ වර්ධනය සමග නව වචන තනා ගැනීම‌ට ‌හෝ ණයට ගැන්නට සිදු විය. ‌මෙ‌සේ විවිධ වූ බලපෑම් නිසාත්, පාසල් අධ්‍යපනය ව්‍යප්ත වීම නිසාත් ක්‍රම‌යෙන් පුරාණ වැදිබස අභාවයට යමින් පවති. ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. වැද්දන්ගේ ඇදහිලි රටාව මළ ඥාති වන්දනාවකි (Obesekera, 'G. Sinhal religion.' In M. Eliade ed. ''The encylopedia of religion, Vol 13.'' New York: Macmillan, 1987.). ===විශ්වාස=== ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== ජාන විද්‍යාත්මක පර්‌යේෂණයන් තුළින් තහවුරු වී ඇත්‌තේ උතුරු ඉන්දියානු ආර්ය සංක්‍රමණයට ‌පෙර විසු ප්‍රග්-ආර්ය ජනතාව හා සම්බන්ධතාවක් ඇති බව ය. කලාන්තරයක් තිස්‌සේ සිංහල හා දෙමළ ජනතාව අත‌රේ වාසය කළ වැද්දන් එකී ජනසමාජයන්ට ක්‍රම‌යෙන් සම්මිශ්‍රණය විය. වාද්දන්‌ගේ රුධිර වර්ග පරික්ෂා‌වේදී ‌සොයා ලනු ලැබු‌වේ ‌බො‌හෝ ආදිවාසි ජනවර්ගවල දක්නට ඇති O රුධිර කාණ්ඩය බහුතරයට ඇති බවකි. එ‌සේ ම ස්වල්ප ජන ‌කොට්ඨාශයක A රුධිර ගණය දක්නට තිබූ අතර, ඔවුන් අතර‌වෙනත් රුධිර කාණ්ඩයන් දක්නට නැත. අද සිංහලයන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත ව ඇති පවුල් කිහිපයක් ස්වකීය සම්භවය වැදිජන ප්‍රජාව ආශ්‍රය ‌‌කොට සිදුවිණයි ආඩම්බර‌යේ සඳහන් කරති. == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ද සිල්වා, එම්. ඩබ්. සුගතපාල, ''දඹා‌නේ වැදි බස '' ‌කොළඹ: සරසවි ප්‍රකාශ‌යෝ, 1964. ඉංග්‍රිසි මූලාශ්‍ර Seligmann, C.G. ''The Vaddahs of Ceylon.'' Cambribge Archaeological and Ethnological Series, Macmillan & Co., 1906. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ජන සමාජය]] [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] 5587 2006-06-09T10:16:59Z Ravincaldera 100 /* වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා */ ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. [[image:Ceylon Native Village.jpg|thumb|right|350px| ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ වැදි පවුලක් (1910)]] ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරුවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ: මහා වංශ‌යේ සඳහන් වන පරිදි, [[විජය කුමරු]]වා කු‌වේණිය හා දරුවන් අතහැර දමා, විවහාය සඳහා රාජ කන්‍යවක් ඉන්දියා‌වෙන් ‌ගෙ‌නෙන ලදි. එහි දී [[කු‌වේණිය]] නැවත [[ලංකාපුර‌]]යෙහි ස්වකීය [[යක්ෂ]] ප්‍රජාව ‌වෙත හරවා යවන අතර, එහි දී ඇති වූ දබරයක දී ඇය මරණයට පත්වන්ණි ය. ඇය‌ගේ බාල ‌සො‌හොයුරා පැමිණ දරුවන් හට පලා යමට පවසයි. ඔවුන් සමන්-කුළ ([[සම‌නොළ කන්ද]])ට ‌ගොස් ‌ නැගණී දෙටු ‌සොයුරා හා වාසය ‌කොට, [[මලයා රට]] හෙවත් කදුකර ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජන ප්‍රජාවක් බිහි කළ අතර, ඔවුන් පුලින්දා ‌ලෙස දක්වා ඇත ([[මහාවංශය]] පරි. 7.59-68). පුලින්දන් පිළිබඳ ව සටහනක් තබන ගයිගර් තුමා පවසන්‌නේ, ඔවුන් ‌මේ‌‌ලේජ්‍ය ‌ගෝත්‍රික ප්‍රජාවක් වන්නට ඇති බවත්, පසුව වැද්දන් බවට හඳුන්වන්නට ඇති බවත් ය. ‌‌කොළඹ, කළුතර සහ ගාල්ල ආශ්‍රිත ප්‍රදේශ‌යේ සිට කදුකරය දක්වා ප්‍ර‌දේශය ‘සබරගමුව’ ‌ලෙසින් හදුන්වන අතර, එය ව්‍යුත්පන්න වන්නට ඇත්‌තේ ‘පුලින්ද’ යන්නට සමාන පදයක් වන [[සංස්කෘත]] ‘සබර,’ [[පාලි]] ‘සවර’ ‌මගින් ය. ‌උක්ත නිගමනයට අනුව ම යමින් ශ්‍රී සුමංගල හිමියන් හා බටුවන්තුඩා‌වේ ‌දේවරක්ෂිත පඬිවරයාණන් ඔවුන්‌ගේ [[මහාවංශ]] පරිවර්ත‌යේ ‘පුලින්ද’ වදන ‘වැද්දන්’ වශ‌යෙන් ඍජුව ම දක්වා ඇත. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ [[විජයාගමනයට]] ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්සන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌[[ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ්]] ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිවැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ '[[වන්නියලෑත්තන්]]' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. [[සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌ත]]හි ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌[[හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන්]] ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== වැදිසමාජය තුළ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන ධුරාවලියක් දක්නට නැති තරම් ය. ‌බො‌හෝ විට වැදි රැළක් වැදිනායකයකු යට‌තේ පාලනය විය. ආදිවාසි ජන ප්‍රජාවන්හි දක්නට ඇති ආකාර‌යේ, ‌ගෝත්‍ර අතර ‌වෛරයක් ‌හෝ ‌ගෝත්‍ර සටන් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. එක ම ප්‍ර‌දේශයක වරිග කිහිපයක වැදිජන ප්‍රජාවන් සමාදාන‌යෙන් ජීවත් වුව ද, ප්‍ර‌දේශයට ඇතුල්වීමේ දී විවිධ තහංචි ඔවුනොවුන් අතර විණ. සමහර වැදි වරිග‌යෝ ගඟක් ‌හෝ කැළැ ‌පෙ‌දෙසක් හරහා ‌වෙනත් ප්‍ර‌දේශයන් වලට සංක්‍රමණය වූ හ. ‌මෙ‌සේ ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යෙන් ප්‍ර‌දේශයට වැදි ප්‍රජාවන්‌ගේ ව්‍යාප්තවීම සිඳු වි ය. ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. සී. ජී. සෙල්ග්මාන්ට අනුව වැද්දන්‌‌ගේ වරිග ‌බෙදීම ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් ස්වකීය ‌ගෝත්‍ර‌යෙන් පිට විවහා වීම ‌හෙවත් [[බහිර්‌වෛවාහික]] සහ මාතෘ පාර්ෂව මූලීක, ඌරා සහ ‌මොනරා ආශ්‍රීත ගෝත්‍ර විහ්න ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් ‌ගොඩ නැගුනක් බව ය (C. G. Seligmann, The Vaddas, 1911, p.30). භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===දිවි‌පෙ‌වෙත=== මුල් කාල‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනප්‍රජාව ගල්‌ලෙන් ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ අතර, පසුව පැල්පත් ආශ්‍රීත ගම්මාන කරා සංක්‍රමණය වන්නට ඇත. [[image:gathering honey.jpg|thumb|left|150px|බඹර පැණි එකතු කරන අනතුරුදායක අවස්ථාවක් (1887)]] ඒවා වැදි ‌කොරටු ‌ලෙසින් හැඳින් වූ අතර, වරින් වර, ආහාර ‌සොයා ගත හැකි පමණට කොරටු‌වෙන් ‌කොරටුවට වැදි ප්‍රජාව සංක්‍රමණය වී‌මේ සිරිතක් විය. පසුකාලීනව ඇති වූ ගම්වැද්‌දෝ ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් හේන් ‌ගොවිතැන ඇසුරු ‌‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුදු, ඔවුන්‌ගේ සාම්ප්‍රදායික දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙත සම්පුර්ණ‌යෙන් ම අත් ‌නොහැරිය හ. වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් දඩයම් කිරී‌මෙන් ජීවත් වූ අතර, ඔවුන්‌ගේ මුලීක ප්‍රවනතාවය වූ‌යේ ‌ගොනා දඩයම් කිරීම ය. ‌ගොනා ගිරි ආශ්‍රිත ව වාසය කළ නිසා වැද්දන් ද ගිරි‌ලෙන් ආශ්‍රිත දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙතකට හුරු වන්නට ඇති බව ‌බො‌හෝ විද්‍යාර්ථයින් විශ්වාස තරති. ‌මෙයට අමතර ව, ඔවුන් ඵල-අල ආහාරයට ගනිමින් ද, වන මී රැස්වන කාලයට මී කැඩි‌මෙන් ද දිවි ‌පෙ‌‌වෙත සරි කර ගත් හ. වැද්දන් ආහාර පුළුස්සා ගැනීම කරන අතර, අලවර්ග ‌‌බො‌හෝවිට උණු අළුපල්‌ලේ ලා තම්බා ගැනීම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. දඩයම් කිරීම හා ආහාර අනුභවය කණ්ඩායමක් වශ‌යෙන් එකට ම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. වැඩිපුර ඇති ආහාර ද්‍රව්‍ය හිඟ කාලයන් සඳහා කල් තබා ගැනීමට මස් වර්ග වියලීම (හෙවත් කරවල කිරීම), එල්ලා දුම්ගැස්ස වීම ‌හෝ මීපැනිවල බහා තැබීම වැනි ක්‍රියාවන් කළ හ. '''රෑ‌‌හේ නායකයා''' වැදි‌ගෝත්‍රය සංවිධානය වන්නේ 'නායකයෙකු' වටා ය. එ‌හෙයින් විවිධ වූ වැදිජනප්‍රජාවන් සඳහා නායක‌යෝ සිටිය හ. එ‌හෙත් පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් වැදි ජනතාව‌ගේ ප්‍රාමාණාත්මක අඩුවීම නිසා සහ ආණ්ඩුව විසින් ඔවුන් වසන ප්‍ර‌දේශ පාලනය නායකයන්ගේ පැවැත්ම ක්‍රමයෙන් නැති ව ගි‌යේ ය. වැදි ප්‍රජා‌වේ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන නායක‌යෙක් ‌‌ලෙස මෑත යුග‌යේ සිටි‌යේ දඹා‌නේ මහාවන්නියලැත්‌‌තෝ ‌හෙවත් තිසාහාමිලැත්‌තෝ ය. [[image:Vaddas meeting.jpg|thumb|right|150px| පිටස්තරයන් හමූ වූ ‌මො‌හොතක්...(1887)]] ===පවුල් දිවිය=== වැදි ජනයා අතර [[ඥාතීත්වය]] සහ ඔවුන්ට ආමන්ත්‍රණය සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජාව ‌මෙන් ‌‌වෙයි. අප්පිලැත්‌තෝ (පියා), අම්මිලැත්‌තෝ (මව), ආදි වශ‌යෙන් 'ලැත්‌තෝ' යන පාඨය ඥාතිතවයට පසුව ‌යෙදී‌මෙන් ඔවුහු ආමන්ත්‍රණය තනා ගනිති. බිරිද(කුඩ්‌පෙත්ත)ට ‌බො‌හෝ විට, 'නංගිලැත්‌තෝ' යන ‌යෙඳුම ‌යොදනු‌යේ, වැදිජනප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ඇති බෑණා සහ නැනා (ඇවැස්ස හුරා-නෑනා) විවාහයන් නිසා‌වෙන් ය. සිංහල සමාජ‌යේ ‌මෙන් ම, විවාහ සහ ලිංගික සම්බන්ධතා සම්බන්ධ‌යෙන් විවිධ වූ තහංචි පැන වී තිබිණි. නිදසුනක් ‌ලෙස, මාමා සහ නෑනැ අතර, බෑණා සහ නැන්දා අතර ‌මෙන් ම, මවු-පිය පාර්ෂව‌යේ ස‌හෝදරයන් ‌හෝ වියපත් ස‌හෝදර ස‌හෝදරියන් අතරත් විවාහයන් තහනම් විණ. එ‌හෙත් මරණයක දී, මළ ස‌හෝදරිය ‌හෝ ස‌හෝදරයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් සැමියා ‌හෝ බිරිය එකී පවු‌ලේ තව ස‌හෝදරියක් ‌හෝ ස‌හොදරයෙක් විවාහ කර ගැනීම සිඳු විම නිසා, නැවතත් දරුවන් හට ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබිණ. '''පවුල් සම්බන්ධතා''' අඹු-සැමි දිවිය අගය කළ වැදි ජනයා අතර, සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ලැ‌බෙන බහුභාර්යා ‌සේවනය ‌හෝ බහු පුරුෂ ‌සේවනය තබා, පරදාර ‌සේවනය වත් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. විවාහ‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනයා ස්වකීය භාර්යාවන්ට මනා ‌සේ ඇළුම් කළ අතර, එකි‌නෙකාට විශ්වාසවන්ත ‌ලෙස ද ජීවත් විය. එ‌හෙයින් වි‌දේශිය මිශනාරිවරුන් විසින් ‌කෙවල විවහා කුමය ලංකාවට හඳුන්වා දීමට පෙර සිට ම, වැද්දන් අතර ‌කේවල විවාහ ක්‍රමය තිබූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌රේ ගැහැණිය හට මනා ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබුණු අතර, ඇය පවු‌ලේ පළමු ‌කොට, ආහාර‌යෙන් ‌කොටස භුක්ති වින්ද හ. ‌මෙයින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්නේ කාන්තාව වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌‌රේ ‌ගෞවරවයට පාත්‍ර වූ බවකි. '''විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන්''' වැදි දරු‌වෝ කල් ‌නොයවා ස්වකීය නෑන-හුරා විවාහයන්ට ඇතුළු ‌වෙති. ඔවුන් අතර ස‌හෝදර ස‌හොදරි ව්‍යවාහයන් ‌හෝ විවාහයට ‌පෙර ලිංගිත සම්බන්ධතාවන් සිදු ‌නො‌වේ. විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන් ‌බො‌හෝ ‌සේ ලුහුඩු ය; සරල ය. තරුණ වැදි ‌කොළු‌වෙකු හිතගිය තරුණි‌ය‌ගේ ‌පියාගේ ගෙට පැණි මුලක් හා මස් රැ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ‌යොජනාව පියාට පවසන අතර, පියා විසින් ඇයට නියඳ පට්ටාවලින් ඇඹරූ රෑනක් ‌ගෙන ඔහු‌ගේ ඉණ වටා බඳිනු ලැ‌බේ. එතැන් සිට ‌‌දෙ‌දෙනා අඹු-සැමි‌යෝ ‌වෙති. ඒ රෑණ දිරා ගිය කල්හි, අලුත් නියඳ රෑණක් අඹරා බැඳී‌මේ කාර්යය භාර්ය්‍යාව සතු ‌වෙයි. සාමාන්‍ය‌යෙන් මාමලැත්‌තෝ විසින් බඹර වද ඇති තැනක් පවරා දීමත්, දඩ බල්ලන් සහ දුනු ඊතල දීමත් කරන ලදි. සමහර අවස්ථාවලදි මනමාලයා විසින් මනමාලියට ‌රෙදිපිලි දීම පසුකාලින ව ඇති වූ සිරිකත් බව ‌පෙනේ. විවාහ‌යෙන් පසුව බෑනා මාමා‌ගේ රෑණට එකතුවී, දඩයමට සහයවීම සිඳු ‌වෙයි. එබැවින් වැදි ජනයා අත‌රේ පිරිමි දරුවන්ට වඩා ගැහැණු දරැවන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි ඇල්මක් ඇත. '''දරුදැරි‌යෝ''' විවාහ‌යෙන් පසු, දරු ගැබක් පහළ වූ පසු, වැදි ජනයා අතර ආරක්ෂාවන් සඳහා විවිධ [[අභිචාර]] විධී භාවිතා කරයි. පුරාණ‌යෙදී 'පට්ටා යකා' පූජාවක් කරමින් ගැබ් ආරක්ෂා කළ බව ප්‍රකට ය. ප්‍රසූතිය ගල්‌ලෙනක ‌හෝ පැ‌ලේදී සිඳු විණ. ප්‍රසූති‌යෙන් පසු ව විවිධ මස්-මාශ වර්ග අනුභවය නුසුදුසුයයි පිළි ගැනීමක් විණ. එ‌සේ ම කිරී එරීම සඳහා ම ‌යොග්‍යයයි පිළිගත් අලවර්ග ආහාරයට දීම කරන ලදි. දරුවා හට මසක් තුළ නමක් දුන් අතර, යකුන්‌ගේ ‌දොස් වලින් ආරක්ෂා කර ගැනීමට දරුවා ‌බො‌හෝ විට හඳුන්වනු ලැබු‌වේ විවිධ වූ හුරතල් නම් වලිනි. ඔවුන්‌ගේ නියම නමින් හඳුවන්නට පටන් ගන්‌නේ දරුවා වැඩුණු පසු ය. දරුවන් ‌ගේ වයස අවුරුදු හත පමණ වනතුරැත් ඔවුන් නිර්වස්ත්‍රව සිටිති. වයස අවුරුදු දහය-දො‌ළොහ පමණ වය‌සේ දී දරුවන් විසින් ගල්දුනු භාවිත‌යෙන් කුරුල්ලන් සහ කුඩා සතුන් දඩයම් කරති. දරුවන් වැඩිවියට පැමි‌ණෙත් ම විවිධ දඩයම් කරන ශිල්පයත්, බඹර කැඩී‌මේ ආකාරයත් ඔවුනට කියා ‌දෙනු ලැබේ. ‌මෙ‌සේ වැඩුණු පිරිමි දරුවන් දඩයම් සහ බඹර කැඩී‌මේ දී හවුල් කර ගන්‌නේ එකී කුසලතා වර්ධනය කිරීමට ය. වැදි දැරිවිය මල්වර වූ විට, ඇය [[නුග]] ගසක් ‌වෙතට ‌‌ගොස් ගල් කැටවලින් එයට ගැසීමත්, එය කන වැකුණු මව වතුර කළයක් ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ඇය නහවා, හිසිට පසුපසින් එය බිමට වැටී බිඳී සියලු ‌දොස් දුරු කිරීම හැර ‌වෙනත් වි‌ශේෂිත ‌[[කොටහළු සිරිත්]] නැත. පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් සිංහල මල්වර සිරිත් වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වීම නිසා, මල්වර දැරිය කිළි පැලක වැඩිමහළු කාන්තාවක් හා තැබීම හා ඒ ආශ්‍රිත අභිචාර විධි කිරීම දැන් අපට අසන්නට දක්නිනට ඇත. මරණය වැද්දන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි භිය උපදවන අවස්ථාවකි. එවැන් විට ඔවුහු ගල්‌ලෙන් අතැර යති. එ‌සේ කරනු‌යේ, මළ පුද්ගලයන් ඔවුන් හඹා එනු ඇතයි බි‌යෙනි. වැද්දන් විශ්වාස කරන පරිදි, මරණ‌යෙන් පසු ස්වකිය ඥාතියා නෑ ය‌කෙකු කිරීමට, දින කිහිපයක් මළ පුද්ගලයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් පුද පූජා පවත්වති. '''බාහිර සම්බන්ධතා''' ‌රොබට් ‌‌‌නොක්ස් පවසන පරිදි, ඔවුන් මුව දඩය‌මෙහි සහ දුම් ගැස්සවීම් කිරීම් තුළින් වියලා ගැනීම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. සිංහල මිනිස්සු දඩමස් ලබා ගැනීමට වැද්දන් ‌වෙත පැමිණිය හ. රජු‌ගේ කෑම ‌මේසයට සඩමස් සැපයීම කාර්‌යේ ද නිරිත විය. ඒවාට අමතර ව, රජු හට ඇත්දළ සැපයීම ද, මී පැණි සහ මී ඉටි සැපයීම ද කරන ලදි. රජු ද ඔවුන්ට ප්‍රත්‍යුපකාර වශ‌යෙන් වැද්දන් හට ‌රෙදිපිළි සහ ඊතල ආදිය දුන්‌නේ ය. ‌රොබට් ‌නොක්ස්‌ගේ වාර්තාවට අනුව වැද්‌දෝ වරක් රජුට එ‌රෙහිව පැමිණි යුද්ධවලදී සටන් කළ හ. එ‌සේම, ඔවුහු ඔවුන්ට අයිති ප්‍ර‌දේශ ආරක්ෂා කරමින් රජුට ද වක්‍රාකාර ව ආරක්ෂාව සපයන ලදී. ===වැදි බස=== වැදිභාෂාව ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් කළ පර්‌යේෂණයන් ඇසුරින් විලියම් ගයිගර් වියතාණන් දක්වන්‌නේ, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ඇ‌බොරජිනි වැනි ‌‌ගෝත්‍රික ප්‍රජාවක් බවත්, දකුණු ඉන්දියා‌වේ ‌පෞරාණික ‌ගෝත්‍රයන්ට නෑ සබදතාවක් දක්වන ඇති බවත් ය. [[ආරියන්]] සංක්‍රමණයන්ට ‌පෙර පටන් ඔවුහු ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ විසූ ආදිවාසින් වූ අතර, අනාර්ය භාෂාවක් කතා කළ බවකි (Indian Historical Quartely, XI. pp. 515-516). වැද්දන් විසින් වනාතර‌යේ දඩයමට යන අතර භාවිතා කළ රහස් බසක් වශ‌යෙන් ඔවුන්‌ගේ භාෂාව වර්ධනය වන්නට ඇත. අදදු දඩයක්කරුවන් අතර ‌මෙවැනි ‘කැළැ බසක්’ භාවිතා කරන්‌නේ යක්ෂ ‌හෝ දේව බලපැම්වලින් ස්වකීය දඩයම ආරක්ෂා කරගැනීමට ය. මූලීක වශ‌යෙන් [[ආදිවැසියන්]] ‌ලෙස වර්ධනය වූ වැද්දන්‌ගේ අනාර්ය බස ක්‍රම‌යෙන් [[ආර්යන්]]ගේ පැමිණිම හා සිංහල භාෂාව හා සම්මිශ්‍රණය වි‌මෙන් දැන් භාවිතා කරන ආකෘතියට පරිවර්තනය වන්නට ඇත. ඒ ‌‌සේම, විවිධ අවශ්‍යතාවන්‌ගේ වර්ධනය සමග නව වචන තනා ගැනීම‌ට ‌හෝ ණයට ගැන්නට සිදු විය. ‌මෙ‌සේ විවිධ වූ බලපෑම් නිසාත්, පාසල් අධ්‍යපනය ව්‍යප්ත වීම නිසාත් ක්‍රම‌යෙන් පුරාණ වැදිබස අභාවයට යමින් පවති. ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. වැද්දන්ගේ ඇදහිලි රටාව මළ ඥාති වන්දනාවකි (Obesekera, 'G. Sinhal religion.' In M. Eliade ed. ''The encylopedia of religion, Vol 13.'' New York: Macmillan, 1987.). ===විශ්වාස=== ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== ජාන විද්‍යාත්මක පර්‌යේෂණයන් තුළින් තහවුරු වී ඇත්‌තේ උතුරු ඉන්දියානු ආර්ය සංක්‍රමණයට ‌පෙර විසු ප්‍රග්-ආර්ය ජනතාව හා සම්බන්ධතාවක් ඇති බව ය. කලාන්තරයක් තිස්‌සේ සිංහල හා දෙමළ ජනතාව අත‌රේ වාසය කළ වැද්දන් එකී ජනසමාජයන්ට ක්‍රම‌යෙන් සම්මිශ්‍රණය විය. වාද්දන්‌ගේ රුධිර වර්ග පරික්ෂා‌වේදී ‌සොයා ලනු ලැබු‌වේ ‌බො‌හෝ ආදිවාසි ජනවර්ගවල දක්නට ඇති O රුධිර කාණ්ඩය බහුතරයට ඇති බවකි. එ‌සේ ම ස්වල්ප ජන ‌කොට්ඨාශයක A රුධිර ගණය දක්නට තිබූ අතර, ඔවුන් අතර‌වෙනත් රුධිර කාණ්ඩයන් දක්නට නැත. අද සිංහලයන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත ව ඇති පවුල් කිහිපයක් ස්වකීය සම්භවය වැදිජන ප්‍රජාව ආශ්‍රය ‌‌කොට සිදුවිණයි ආඩම්බර‌යේ සඳහන් කරති. == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ද සිල්වා, එම්. ඩබ්. සුගතපාල, ''දඹා‌නේ වැදි බස '' ‌කොළඹ: සරසවි ප්‍රකාශ‌යෝ, 1964. ඉංග්‍රිසි මූලාශ්‍ර Seligmann, C.G. ''The Vaddahs of Ceylon.'' Cambribge Archaeological and Ethnological Series, Macmillan & Co., 1906. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ජන සමාජය]] [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] 5588 2006-06-09T10:38:04Z Ravincaldera 100 /* ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන් */ ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. [[image:Ceylon Native Village.jpg|thumb|right|350px| ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ වැදි පවුලක් (1910)]] ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරුවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ: මහා වංශ‌යේ සඳහන් වන පරිදි, [[විජය කුමරු]]වා කු‌වේණිය හා දරුවන් අතහැර දමා, විවහාය සඳහා රාජ කන්‍යවක් ඉන්දියා‌වෙන් ‌ගෙ‌නෙන ලදි. එහි දී [[කු‌වේණිය]] නැවත [[ලංකාපුර‌]]යෙහි ස්වකීය [[යක්ෂ]] ප්‍රජාව ‌වෙත හරවා යවන අතර, එහි දී ඇති වූ දබරයක දී ඇය මරණයට පත්වන්ණි ය. ඇය‌ගේ බාල ‌සො‌හොයුරා පැමිණ දරුවන් හට පලා යමට පවසයි. ඔවුන් සමන්-කුළ ([[සම‌නොළ කන්ද]])ට ‌ගොස් ‌ නැගණී දෙටු ‌සොයුරා හා වාසය ‌කොට, [[මලයා රට]] හෙවත් කදුකර ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජන ප්‍රජාවක් බිහි කළ අතර, ඔවුන් පුලින්දා ‌ලෙස දක්වා ඇත ([[මහාවංශය]] පරි. 7.59-68). පුලින්දන් පිළිබඳ ව සටහනක් තබන ගයිගර් තුමා පවසන්‌නේ, ඔවුන් ‌මේ‌‌ලේජ්‍ය ‌ගෝත්‍රික ප්‍රජාවක් වන්නට ඇති බවත්, පසුව වැද්දන් බවට හඳුන්වන්නට ඇති බවත් ය. ‌‌කොළඹ, කළුතර සහ ගාල්ල ආශ්‍රිත ප්‍රදේශ‌යේ සිට කදුකරය දක්වා ප්‍ර‌දේශය ‘සබරගමුව’ ‌ලෙසින් හදුන්වන අතර, එය ව්‍යුත්පන්න වන්නට ඇත්‌තේ ‘පුලින්ද’ යන්නට සමාන පදයක් වන [[සංස්කෘත]] ‘සබර,’ [[පාලි]] ‘සවර’ ‌මගින් ය. ‌උක්ත නිගමනයට අනුව ම යමින් ශ්‍රී සුමංගල හිමියන් හා බටුවන්තුඩා‌වේ ‌දේවරක්ෂිත පඬිවරයාණන් ඔවුන්‌ගේ [[මහාවංශ]] පරිවර්ත‌යේ ‘පුලින්ද’ වදන ‘වැද්දන්’ වශ‌යෙන් ඍජුව ම දක්වා ඇත. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ [[විජයාගමනයට]] ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්සන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌[[ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ්]] ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිවැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ '[[වන්නියලෑත්තන්]]' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. [[සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌ත]]හි ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌[[හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන්]] ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== වැදිසමාජය තුළ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන ධුරාවලියක් දක්නට නැති තරම් ය. ‌බො‌හෝ විට වැදි රැළක් වැදිනායකයකු යට‌තේ පාලනය විය. ආදිවාසි ජන ප්‍රජාවන්හි දක්නට ඇති ආකාර‌යේ, ‌ගෝත්‍ර අතර ‌වෛරයක් ‌හෝ ‌ගෝත්‍ර සටන් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. එක ම ප්‍ර‌දේශයක වරිග කිහිපයක වැදිජන ප්‍රජාවන් සමාදාන‌යෙන් ජීවත් වුව ද, ප්‍ර‌දේශයට ඇතුල්වීමේ දී විවිධ තහංචි ඔවුනොවුන් අතර විණ. සමහර වැදි වරිග‌යෝ ගඟක් ‌හෝ කැළැ ‌පෙ‌දෙසක් හරහා ‌වෙනත් ප්‍ර‌දේශයන් වලට සංක්‍රමණය වූ හ. ‌මෙ‌සේ ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යෙන් ප්‍ර‌දේශයට වැදි ප්‍රජාවන්‌ගේ ව්‍යාප්තවීම සිඳු වි ය. ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. සී. ජී. සෙල්ග්මාන්ට අනුව වැද්දන්‌‌ගේ වරිග ‌බෙදීම ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් ස්වකීය ‌ගෝත්‍ර‌යෙන් පිට විවහා වීම ‌හෙවත් [[බහිර්‌වෛවාහික]] සහ මාතෘ පාර්ෂව මූලීක, ඌරා සහ ‌මොනරා ආශ්‍රීත ගෝත්‍ර විහ්න ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් ‌ගොඩ නැගුනක් බව ය (C. G. Seligmann, The Vaddas, 1911, p.30). භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===දිවි‌පෙ‌වෙත=== මුල් කාල‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනප්‍රජාව ගල්‌ලෙන් ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ අතර, පසුව පැල්පත් ආශ්‍රීත ගම්මාන කරා සංක්‍රමණය වන්නට ඇත. [[image:gathering honey.jpg|thumb|left|150px|බඹර පැණි එකතු කරන අනතුරුදායක අවස්ථාවක් (1887)]] ඒවා වැදි ‌කොරටු ‌ලෙසින් හැඳින් වූ අතර, වරින් වර, ආහාර ‌සොයා ගත හැකි පමණට කොරටු‌වෙන් ‌කොරටුවට වැදි ප්‍රජාව සංක්‍රමණය වී‌මේ සිරිතක් විය. පසුකාලීනව ඇති වූ ගම්වැද්‌දෝ ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් හේන් ‌ගොවිතැන ඇසුරු ‌‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුදු, ඔවුන්‌ගේ සාම්ප්‍රදායික දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙත සම්පුර්ණ‌යෙන් ම අත් ‌නොහැරිය හ. වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් දඩයම් කිරී‌මෙන් ජීවත් වූ අතර, ඔවුන්‌ගේ මුලීක ප්‍රවනතාවය වූ‌යේ ‌ගොනා දඩයම් කිරීම ය. ‌ගොනා ගිරි ආශ්‍රිත ව වාසය කළ නිසා වැද්දන් ද ගිරි‌ලෙන් ආශ්‍රිත දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙතකට හුරු වන්නට ඇති බව ‌බො‌හෝ විද්‍යාර්ථයින් විශ්වාස තරති. ‌මෙයට අමතර ව, ඔවුන් ඵල-අල ආහාරයට ගනිමින් ද, වන මී රැස්වන කාලයට මී කැඩි‌මෙන් ද දිවි ‌පෙ‌‌වෙත සරි කර ගත් හ. වැද්දන් ආහාර පුළුස්සා ගැනීම කරන අතර, අලවර්ග ‌‌බො‌හෝවිට උණු අළුපල්‌ලේ ලා තම්බා ගැනීම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. දඩයම් කිරීම හා ආහාර අනුභවය කණ්ඩායමක් වශ‌යෙන් එකට ම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. වැඩිපුර ඇති ආහාර ද්‍රව්‍ය හිඟ කාලයන් සඳහා කල් තබා ගැනීමට මස් වර්ග වියලීම (හෙවත් කරවල කිරීම), එල්ලා දුම්ගැස්ස වීම ‌හෝ මීපැනිවල බහා තැබීම වැනි ක්‍රියාවන් කළ හ. '''රෑ‌‌හේ නායකයා''' වැදි‌ගෝත්‍රය සංවිධානය වන්නේ 'නායකයෙකු' වටා ය. එ‌හෙයින් විවිධ වූ වැදිජනප්‍රජාවන් සඳහා නායක‌යෝ සිටිය හ. එ‌හෙත් පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් වැදි ජනතාව‌ගේ ප්‍රාමාණාත්මක අඩුවීම නිසා සහ ආණ්ඩුව විසින් ඔවුන් වසන ප්‍ර‌දේශ පාලනය නායකයන්ගේ පැවැත්ම ක්‍රමයෙන් නැති ව ගි‌යේ ය. වැදි ප්‍රජා‌වේ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන නායක‌යෙක් ‌‌ලෙස මෑත යුග‌යේ සිටි‌යේ දඹා‌නේ මහාවන්නියලැත්‌‌තෝ ‌හෙවත් තිසාහාමිලැත්‌තෝ ය. [[image:Vaddas meeting.jpg|thumb|right|150px| පිටස්තරයන් හමූ වූ ‌මො‌හොතක්...(1887)]] ===පවුල් දිවිය=== වැදි ජනයා අතර [[ඥාතීත්වය]] සහ ඔවුන්ට ආමන්ත්‍රණය සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජාව ‌මෙන් ‌‌වෙයි. අප්පිලැත්‌තෝ (පියා), අම්මිලැත්‌තෝ (මව), ආදි වශ‌යෙන් 'ලැත්‌තෝ' යන පාඨය ඥාතිතවයට පසුව ‌යෙදී‌මෙන් ඔවුහු ආමන්ත්‍රණය තනා ගනිති. බිරිද(කුඩ්‌පෙත්ත)ට ‌බො‌හෝ විට, 'නංගිලැත්‌තෝ' යන ‌යෙඳුම ‌යොදනු‌යේ, වැදිජනප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ඇති බෑණා සහ නැනා (ඇවැස්ස හුරා-නෑනා) විවාහයන් නිසා‌වෙන් ය. සිංහල සමාජ‌යේ ‌මෙන් ම, විවාහ සහ ලිංගික සම්බන්ධතා සම්බන්ධ‌යෙන් විවිධ වූ තහංචි පැන වී තිබිණි. නිදසුනක් ‌ලෙස, මාමා සහ නෑනැ අතර, බෑණා සහ නැන්දා අතර ‌මෙන් ම, මවු-පිය පාර්ෂව‌යේ ස‌හෝදරයන් ‌හෝ වියපත් ස‌හෝදර ස‌හෝදරියන් අතරත් විවාහයන් තහනම් විණ. එ‌හෙත් මරණයක දී, මළ ස‌හෝදරිය ‌හෝ ස‌හෝදරයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් සැමියා ‌හෝ බිරිය එකී පවු‌ලේ තව ස‌හෝදරියක් ‌හෝ ස‌හොදරයෙක් විවාහ කර ගැනීම සිඳු විම නිසා, නැවතත් දරුවන් හට ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබිණ. '''පවුල් සම්බන්ධතා''' අඹු-සැමි දිවිය අගය කළ වැදි ජනයා අතර, සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ලැ‌බෙන බහුභාර්යා ‌සේවනය ‌හෝ බහු පුරුෂ ‌සේවනය තබා, පරදාර ‌සේවනය වත් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. විවාහ‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනයා ස්වකීය භාර්යාවන්ට මනා ‌සේ ඇළුම් කළ අතර, එකි‌නෙකාට විශ්වාසවන්ත ‌ලෙස ද ජීවත් විය. එ‌හෙයින් වි‌දේශිය මිශනාරිවරුන් විසින් ‌කෙවල විවහා කුමය ලංකාවට හඳුන්වා දීමට පෙර සිට ම, වැද්දන් අතර ‌කේවල විවාහ ක්‍රමය තිබූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌රේ ගැහැණිය හට මනා ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබුණු අතර, ඇය පවු‌ලේ පළමු ‌කොට, ආහාර‌යෙන් ‌කොටස භුක්ති වින්ද හ. ‌මෙයින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්නේ කාන්තාව වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌‌රේ ‌ගෞවරවයට පාත්‍ර වූ බවකි. '''විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන්''' වැදි දරු‌වෝ කල් ‌නොයවා ස්වකීය නෑන-හුරා විවාහයන්ට ඇතුළු ‌වෙති. ඔවුන් අතර ස‌හෝදර ස‌හොදරි ව්‍යවාහයන් ‌හෝ විවාහයට ‌පෙර ලිංගිත සම්බන්ධතාවන් සිදු ‌නො‌වේ. විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන් ‌බො‌හෝ ‌සේ ලුහුඩු ය; සරල ය. තරුණ වැදි ‌කොළු‌වෙකු හිතගිය තරුණි‌ය‌ගේ ‌පියාගේ ගෙට පැණි මුලක් හා මස් රැ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ‌යොජනාව පියාට පවසන අතර, පියා විසින් ඇයට නියඳ පට්ටාවලින් ඇඹරූ රෑනක් ‌ගෙන ඔහු‌ගේ ඉණ වටා බඳිනු ලැ‌බේ. එතැන් සිට ‌‌දෙ‌දෙනා අඹු-සැමි‌යෝ ‌වෙති. ඒ රෑණ දිරා ගිය කල්හි, අලුත් නියඳ රෑණක් අඹරා බැඳී‌මේ කාර්යය භාර්ය්‍යාව සතු ‌වෙයි. සාමාන්‍ය‌යෙන් මාමලැත්‌තෝ විසින් බඹර වද ඇති තැනක් පවරා දීමත්, දඩ බල්ලන් සහ දුනු ඊතල දීමත් කරන ලදි. සමහර අවස්ථාවලදි මනමාලයා විසින් මනමාලියට ‌රෙදිපිලි දීම පසුකාලින ව ඇති වූ සිරිකත් බව ‌පෙනේ. විවාහ‌යෙන් පසුව බෑනා මාමා‌ගේ රෑණට එකතුවී, දඩයමට සහයවීම සිඳු ‌වෙයි. එබැවින් වැදි ජනයා අත‌රේ පිරිමි දරුවන්ට වඩා ගැහැණු දරැවන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි ඇල්මක් ඇත. '''දරුදැරි‌යෝ''' විවාහ‌යෙන් පසු, දරු ගැබක් පහළ වූ පසු, වැදි ජනයා අතර ආරක්ෂාවන් සඳහා විවිධ [[අභිචාර]] විධී භාවිතා කරයි. පුරාණ‌යෙදී 'පට්ටා යකා' පූජාවක් කරමින් ගැබ් ආරක්ෂා කළ බව ප්‍රකට ය. ප්‍රසූතිය ගල්‌ලෙනක ‌හෝ පැ‌ලේදී සිඳු විණ. ප්‍රසූති‌යෙන් පසු ව විවිධ මස්-මාශ වර්ග අනුභවය නුසුදුසුයයි පිළි ගැනීමක් විණ. එ‌සේ ම කිරී එරීම සඳහා ම ‌යොග්‍යයයි පිළිගත් අලවර්ග ආහාරයට දීම කරන ලදි. දරුවා හට මසක් තුළ නමක් දුන් අතර, යකුන්‌ගේ ‌දොස් වලින් ආරක්ෂා කර ගැනීමට දරුවා ‌බො‌හෝ විට හඳුන්වනු ලැබු‌වේ විවිධ වූ හුරතල් නම් වලිනි. ඔවුන්‌ගේ නියම නමින් හඳුවන්නට පටන් ගන්‌නේ දරුවා වැඩුණු පසු ය. දරුවන් ‌ගේ වයස අවුරුදු හත පමණ වනතුරැත් ඔවුන් නිර්වස්ත්‍රව සිටිති. වයස අවුරුදු දහය-දො‌ළොහ පමණ වය‌සේ දී දරුවන් විසින් ගල්දුනු භාවිත‌යෙන් කුරුල්ලන් සහ කුඩා සතුන් දඩයම් කරති. දරුවන් වැඩිවියට පැමි‌ණෙත් ම විවිධ දඩයම් කරන ශිල්පයත්, බඹර කැඩී‌මේ ආකාරයත් ඔවුනට කියා ‌දෙනු ලැබේ. ‌මෙ‌සේ වැඩුණු පිරිමි දරුවන් දඩයම් සහ බඹර කැඩී‌මේ දී හවුල් කර ගන්‌නේ එකී කුසලතා වර්ධනය කිරීමට ය. වැදි දැරිවිය මල්වර වූ විට, ඇය [[නුග]] ගසක් ‌වෙතට ‌‌ගොස් ගල් කැටවලින් එයට ගැසීමත්, එය කන වැකුණු මව වතුර කළයක් ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ඇය නහවා, හිසිට පසුපසින් එය බිමට වැටී බිඳී සියලු ‌දොස් දුරු කිරීම හැර ‌වෙනත් වි‌ශේෂිත ‌[[කොටහළු සිරිත්]] නැත. පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් සිංහල මල්වර සිරිත් වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වීම නිසා, මල්වර දැරිය කිළි පැලක වැඩිමහළු කාන්තාවක් හා තැබීම හා ඒ ආශ්‍රිත අභිචාර විධි කිරීම දැන් අපට අසන්නට දක්නිනට ඇත. මරණය වැද්දන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි භිය උපදවන අවස්ථාවකි. එවැන් විට ඔවුහු ගල්‌ලෙන් අතැර යති. එ‌සේ කරනු‌යේ, මළ පුද්ගලයන් ඔවුන් හඹා එනු ඇතයි බි‌යෙනි. වැද්දන් විශ්වාස කරන පරිදි, මරණ‌යෙන් පසු ස්වකිය ඥාතියා නෑ ය‌කෙකු කිරීමට, දින කිහිපයක් මළ පුද්ගලයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් පුද පූජා පවත්වති. '''බාහිර සම්බන්ධතා''' ‌රොබට් ‌‌‌නොක්ස් පවසන පරිදි, ඔවුන් මුව දඩය‌මෙහි සහ දුම් ගැස්සවීම් කිරීම් තුළින් වියලා ගැනීම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. සිංහල මිනිස්සු දඩමස් ලබා ගැනීමට වැද්දන් ‌වෙත පැමිණිය හ. රජු‌ගේ කෑම ‌මේසයට සඩමස් සැපයීම කාර්‌යේ ද නිරිත විය. ඒවාට අමතර ව, රජු හට ඇත්දළ සැපයීම ද, මී පැණි සහ මී ඉටි සැපයීම ද කරන ලදි. රජු ද ඔවුන්ට ප්‍රත්‍යුපකාර වශ‌යෙන් වැද්දන් හට ‌රෙදිපිළි සහ ඊතල ආදිය දුන්‌නේ ය. ‌රොබට් ‌නොක්ස්‌ගේ වාර්තාවට අනුව වැද්‌දෝ වරක් රජුට එ‌රෙහිව පැමිණි යුද්ධවලදී සටන් කළ හ. එ‌සේම, ඔවුහු ඔවුන්ට අයිති ප්‍ර‌දේශ ආරක්ෂා කරමින් රජුට ද වක්‍රාකාර ව ආරක්ෂාව සපයන ලදී. ===වැදි බස=== වැදිභාෂාව ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් කළ පර්‌යේෂණයන් ඇසුරින් විලියම් ගයිගර් වියතාණන් දක්වන්‌නේ, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ඇ‌බොරජිනි වැනි ‌‌ගෝත්‍රික ප්‍රජාවක් බවත්, දකුණු ඉන්දියා‌වේ ‌පෞරාණික ‌ගෝත්‍රයන්ට නෑ සබදතාවක් දක්වන ඇති බවත් ය. [[ආරියන්]] සංක්‍රමණයන්ට ‌පෙර පටන් ඔවුහු ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ විසූ ආදිවාසින් වූ අතර, අනාර්ය භාෂාවක් කතා කළ බවකි (Indian Historical Quartely, XI. pp. 515-516). වැද්දන් විසින් වනාතර‌යේ දඩයමට යන අතර භාවිතා කළ රහස් බසක් වශ‌යෙන් ඔවුන්‌ගේ භාෂාව වර්ධනය වන්නට ඇත. අදදු දඩයක්කරුවන් අතර ‌මෙවැනි ‘කැළැ බසක්’ භාවිතා කරන්‌නේ යක්ෂ ‌හෝ දේව බලපැම්වලින් ස්වකීය දඩයම ආරක්ෂා කරගැනීමට ය. මූලීක වශ‌යෙන් [[ආදිවැසියන්]] ‌ලෙස වර්ධනය වූ වැද්දන්‌ගේ අනාර්ය බස ක්‍රම‌යෙන් [[ආර්යන්]]ගේ පැමිණිම හා සිංහල භාෂාව හා සම්මිශ්‍රණය වි‌මෙන් දැන් භාවිතා කරන ආකෘතියට පරිවර්තනය වන්නට ඇත. ඒ ‌‌සේම, විවිධ අවශ්‍යතාවන්‌ගේ වර්ධනය සමග නව වචන තනා ගැනීම‌ට ‌හෝ ණයට ගැන්නට සිදු විය. ‌මෙ‌සේ විවිධ වූ බලපෑම් නිසාත්, පාසල් අධ්‍යපනය ව්‍යප්ත වීම නිසාත් ක්‍රම‌යෙන් පුරාණ වැදිබස අභාවයට යමින් පවති. ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. වැද්දන්ගේ ඇදහිලි රටාව මළ ඥාති වන්දනාවකි (Obesekera, 'G. Sinhal religion.' In M. Eliade ed. ''The encylopedia of religion, Vol 13.'' New York: Macmillan, 1987.). ===විශ්වාස=== ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== ජාන විද්‍යාත්මක පර්‌යේෂණයන් තුළින් තහවුරු වී ඇත්‌තේ උතුරු ඉන්දියානු ආර්ය සංක්‍රමණයට ‌පෙර විසු ප්‍රග්-ආර්ය ජනතාව හා සම්බන්ධතාවක් ඇති බව ය. කලාන්තරයක් තිස්‌සේ සිංහල හා දෙමළ ජනතාව අත‌රේ වාසය කළ වැද්දන් එකී ජනසමාජයන්ට ක්‍රම‌යෙන් සම්මිශ්‍රණය විය. වෑද්දන්‌ගේ රුධිර වර්ග පරික්ෂා‌වේදී ‌සොයා ලනු ලැබු‌වේ ‌බො‌හෝ ආදිවාසි ජනවර්ගවල දක්නට ඇති O රුධිර කාණ්ඩය බහුතරයට ඇති බවකි. එ‌සේ ම ස්වල්ප ජන ‌කොට්ඨාශයක A රුධිර ගණය දක්නට තිබූ අතර, ඔවුන් අතර‌වෙනත් රුධිර කාණ්ඩයන් දක්නට නැත (The Blood Groups and Haemoglobins of the Veddahs of Ceylon R. L. Wickremasinghe, Elizabeth W. Ikin, A. E. Mourant, H. Lehmann Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol. 93, No. 1 (Jan. - Jun., 1963) , pp. 117-125). අද සිංහලයන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත ව ඇති පවුල් කිහිපයක් ස්වකීය සම්භවය වැදිජන ප්‍රජාව ආශ්‍රය ‌‌කොට සිදුවිණයි ආඩම්බර‌යේ සඳහන් කරති. == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ද සිල්වා, එම්. ඩබ්. සුගතපාල, ''දඹා‌නේ වැදි බස '' ‌කොළඹ: සරසවි ප්‍රකාශ‌යෝ, 1964. ඉංග්‍රිසි මූලාශ්‍ර Seligmann, C.G. ''The Vaddahs of Ceylon.'' Cambribge Archaeological and Ethnological Series, Macmillan & Co., 1906. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ජන සමාජය]] [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] 5589 2006-06-09T10:50:13Z Ravincaldera 100 /* විශ්වාස */ ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. [[image:Ceylon Native Village.jpg|thumb|right|350px| ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ වැදි පවුලක් (1910)]] ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරුවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ: මහා වංශ‌යේ සඳහන් වන පරිදි, [[විජය කුමරු]]වා කු‌වේණිය හා දරුවන් අතහැර දමා, විවහාය සඳහා රාජ කන්‍යවක් ඉන්දියා‌වෙන් ‌ගෙ‌නෙන ලදි. එහි දී [[කු‌වේණිය]] නැවත [[ලංකාපුර‌]]යෙහි ස්වකීය [[යක්ෂ]] ප්‍රජාව ‌වෙත හරවා යවන අතර, එහි දී ඇති වූ දබරයක දී ඇය මරණයට පත්වන්ණි ය. ඇය‌ගේ බාල ‌සො‌හොයුරා පැමිණ දරුවන් හට පලා යමට පවසයි. ඔවුන් සමන්-කුළ ([[සම‌නොළ කන්ද]])ට ‌ගොස් ‌ නැගණී දෙටු ‌සොයුරා හා වාසය ‌කොට, [[මලයා රට]] හෙවත් කදුකර ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජන ප්‍රජාවක් බිහි කළ අතර, ඔවුන් පුලින්දා ‌ලෙස දක්වා ඇත ([[මහාවංශය]] පරි. 7.59-68). පුලින්දන් පිළිබඳ ව සටහනක් තබන ගයිගර් තුමා පවසන්‌නේ, ඔවුන් ‌මේ‌‌ලේජ්‍ය ‌ගෝත්‍රික ප්‍රජාවක් වන්නට ඇති බවත්, පසුව වැද්දන් බවට හඳුන්වන්නට ඇති බවත් ය. ‌‌කොළඹ, කළුතර සහ ගාල්ල ආශ්‍රිත ප්‍රදේශ‌යේ සිට කදුකරය දක්වා ප්‍ර‌දේශය ‘සබරගමුව’ ‌ලෙසින් හදුන්වන අතර, එය ව්‍යුත්පන්න වන්නට ඇත්‌තේ ‘පුලින්ද’ යන්නට සමාන පදයක් වන [[සංස්කෘත]] ‘සබර,’ [[පාලි]] ‘සවර’ ‌මගින් ය. ‌උක්ත නිගමනයට අනුව ම යමින් ශ්‍රී සුමංගල හිමියන් හා බටුවන්තුඩා‌වේ ‌දේවරක්ෂිත පඬිවරයාණන් ඔවුන්‌ගේ [[මහාවංශ]] පරිවර්ත‌යේ ‘පුලින්ද’ වදන ‘වැද්දන්’ වශ‌යෙන් ඍජුව ම දක්වා ඇත. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ [[විජයාගමනයට]] ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්සන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌[[ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ්]] ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිවැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ '[[වන්නියලෑත්තන්]]' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. [[සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌ත]]හි ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌[[හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන්]] ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== වැදිසමාජය තුළ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන ධුරාවලියක් දක්නට නැති තරම් ය. ‌බො‌හෝ විට වැදි රැළක් වැදිනායකයකු යට‌තේ පාලනය විය. ආදිවාසි ජන ප්‍රජාවන්හි දක්නට ඇති ආකාර‌යේ, ‌ගෝත්‍ර අතර ‌වෛරයක් ‌හෝ ‌ගෝත්‍ර සටන් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. එක ම ප්‍ර‌දේශයක වරිග කිහිපයක වැදිජන ප්‍රජාවන් සමාදාන‌යෙන් ජීවත් වුව ද, ප්‍ර‌දේශයට ඇතුල්වීමේ දී විවිධ තහංචි ඔවුනොවුන් අතර විණ. සමහර වැදි වරිග‌යෝ ගඟක් ‌හෝ කැළැ ‌පෙ‌දෙසක් හරහා ‌වෙනත් ප්‍ර‌දේශයන් වලට සංක්‍රමණය වූ හ. ‌මෙ‌සේ ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යෙන් ප්‍ර‌දේශයට වැදි ප්‍රජාවන්‌ගේ ව්‍යාප්තවීම සිඳු වි ය. ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. සී. ජී. සෙල්ග්මාන්ට අනුව වැද්දන්‌‌ගේ වරිග ‌බෙදීම ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් ස්වකීය ‌ගෝත්‍ර‌යෙන් පිට විවහා වීම ‌හෙවත් [[බහිර්‌වෛවාහික]] සහ මාතෘ පාර්ෂව මූලීක, ඌරා සහ ‌මොනරා ආශ්‍රීත ගෝත්‍ර විහ්න ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් ‌ගොඩ නැගුනක් බව ය (C. G. Seligmann, The Vaddas, 1911, p.30). භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===දිවි‌පෙ‌වෙත=== මුල් කාල‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනප්‍රජාව ගල්‌ලෙන් ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ අතර, පසුව පැල්පත් ආශ්‍රීත ගම්මාන කරා සංක්‍රමණය වන්නට ඇත. [[image:gathering honey.jpg|thumb|left|150px|බඹර පැණි එකතු කරන අනතුරුදායක අවස්ථාවක් (1887)]] ඒවා වැදි ‌කොරටු ‌ලෙසින් හැඳින් වූ අතර, වරින් වර, ආහාර ‌සොයා ගත හැකි පමණට කොරටු‌වෙන් ‌කොරටුවට වැදි ප්‍රජාව සංක්‍රමණය වී‌මේ සිරිතක් විය. පසුකාලීනව ඇති වූ ගම්වැද්‌දෝ ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් හේන් ‌ගොවිතැන ඇසුරු ‌‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුදු, ඔවුන්‌ගේ සාම්ප්‍රදායික දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙත සම්පුර්ණ‌යෙන් ම අත් ‌නොහැරිය හ. වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් දඩයම් කිරී‌මෙන් ජීවත් වූ අතර, ඔවුන්‌ගේ මුලීක ප්‍රවනතාවය වූ‌යේ ‌ගොනා දඩයම් කිරීම ය. ‌ගොනා ගිරි ආශ්‍රිත ව වාසය කළ නිසා වැද්දන් ද ගිරි‌ලෙන් ආශ්‍රිත දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙතකට හුරු වන්නට ඇති බව ‌බො‌හෝ විද්‍යාර්ථයින් විශ්වාස තරති. ‌මෙයට අමතර ව, ඔවුන් ඵල-අල ආහාරයට ගනිමින් ද, වන මී රැස්වන කාලයට මී කැඩි‌මෙන් ද දිවි ‌පෙ‌‌වෙත සරි කර ගත් හ. වැද්දන් ආහාර පුළුස්සා ගැනීම කරන අතර, අලවර්ග ‌‌බො‌හෝවිට උණු අළුපල්‌ලේ ලා තම්බා ගැනීම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. දඩයම් කිරීම හා ආහාර අනුභවය කණ්ඩායමක් වශ‌යෙන් එකට ම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. වැඩිපුර ඇති ආහාර ද්‍රව්‍ය හිඟ කාලයන් සඳහා කල් තබා ගැනීමට මස් වර්ග වියලීම (හෙවත් කරවල කිරීම), එල්ලා දුම්ගැස්ස වීම ‌හෝ මීපැනිවල බහා තැබීම වැනි ක්‍රියාවන් කළ හ. '''රෑ‌‌හේ නායකයා''' වැදි‌ගෝත්‍රය සංවිධානය වන්නේ 'නායකයෙකු' වටා ය. එ‌හෙයින් විවිධ වූ වැදිජනප්‍රජාවන් සඳහා නායක‌යෝ සිටිය හ. එ‌හෙත් පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් වැදි ජනතාව‌ගේ ප්‍රාමාණාත්මක අඩුවීම නිසා සහ ආණ්ඩුව විසින් ඔවුන් වසන ප්‍ර‌දේශ පාලනය නායකයන්ගේ පැවැත්ම ක්‍රමයෙන් නැති ව ගි‌යේ ය. වැදි ප්‍රජා‌වේ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන නායක‌යෙක් ‌‌ලෙස මෑත යුග‌යේ සිටි‌යේ දඹා‌නේ මහාවන්නියලැත්‌‌තෝ ‌හෙවත් තිසාහාමිලැත්‌තෝ ය. [[image:Vaddas meeting.jpg|thumb|right|150px| පිටස්තරයන් හමූ වූ ‌මො‌හොතක්...(1887)]] ===පවුල් දිවිය=== වැදි ජනයා අතර [[ඥාතීත්වය]] සහ ඔවුන්ට ආමන්ත්‍රණය සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජාව ‌මෙන් ‌‌වෙයි. අප්පිලැත්‌තෝ (පියා), අම්මිලැත්‌තෝ (මව), ආදි වශ‌යෙන් 'ලැත්‌තෝ' යන පාඨය ඥාතිතවයට පසුව ‌යෙදී‌මෙන් ඔවුහු ආමන්ත්‍රණය තනා ගනිති. බිරිද(කුඩ්‌පෙත්ත)ට ‌බො‌හෝ විට, 'නංගිලැත්‌තෝ' යන ‌යෙඳුම ‌යොදනු‌යේ, වැදිජනප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ඇති බෑණා සහ නැනා (ඇවැස්ස හුරා-නෑනා) විවාහයන් නිසා‌වෙන් ය. සිංහල සමාජ‌යේ ‌මෙන් ම, විවාහ සහ ලිංගික සම්බන්ධතා සම්බන්ධ‌යෙන් විවිධ වූ තහංචි පැන වී තිබිණි. නිදසුනක් ‌ලෙස, මාමා සහ නෑනැ අතර, බෑණා සහ නැන්දා අතර ‌මෙන් ම, මවු-පිය පාර්ෂව‌යේ ස‌හෝදරයන් ‌හෝ වියපත් ස‌හෝදර ස‌හෝදරියන් අතරත් විවාහයන් තහනම් විණ. එ‌හෙත් මරණයක දී, මළ ස‌හෝදරිය ‌හෝ ස‌හෝදරයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් සැමියා ‌හෝ බිරිය එකී පවු‌ලේ තව ස‌හෝදරියක් ‌හෝ ස‌හොදරයෙක් විවාහ කර ගැනීම සිඳු විම නිසා, නැවතත් දරුවන් හට ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබිණ. '''පවුල් සම්බන්ධතා''' අඹු-සැමි දිවිය අගය කළ වැදි ජනයා අතර, සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ලැ‌බෙන බහුභාර්යා ‌සේවනය ‌හෝ බහු පුරුෂ ‌සේවනය තබා, පරදාර ‌සේවනය වත් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. විවාහ‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනයා ස්වකීය භාර්යාවන්ට මනා ‌සේ ඇළුම් කළ අතර, එකි‌නෙකාට විශ්වාසවන්ත ‌ලෙස ද ජීවත් විය. එ‌හෙයින් වි‌දේශිය මිශනාරිවරුන් විසින් ‌කෙවල විවහා කුමය ලංකාවට හඳුන්වා දීමට පෙර සිට ම, වැද්දන් අතර ‌කේවල විවාහ ක්‍රමය තිබූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌රේ ගැහැණිය හට මනා ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබුණු අතර, ඇය පවු‌ලේ පළමු ‌කොට, ආහාර‌යෙන් ‌කොටස භුක්ති වින්ද හ. ‌මෙයින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්නේ කාන්තාව වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌‌රේ ‌ගෞවරවයට පාත්‍ර වූ බවකි. '''විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන්''' වැදි දරු‌වෝ කල් ‌නොයවා ස්වකීය නෑන-හුරා විවාහයන්ට ඇතුළු ‌වෙති. ඔවුන් අතර ස‌හෝදර ස‌හොදරි ව්‍යවාහයන් ‌හෝ විවාහයට ‌පෙර ලිංගිත සම්බන්ධතාවන් සිදු ‌නො‌වේ. විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන් ‌බො‌හෝ ‌සේ ලුහුඩු ය; සරල ය. තරුණ වැදි ‌කොළු‌වෙකු හිතගිය තරුණි‌ය‌ගේ ‌පියාගේ ගෙට පැණි මුලක් හා මස් රැ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ‌යොජනාව පියාට පවසන අතර, පියා විසින් ඇයට නියඳ පට්ටාවලින් ඇඹරූ රෑනක් ‌ගෙන ඔහු‌ගේ ඉණ වටා බඳිනු ලැ‌බේ. එතැන් සිට ‌‌දෙ‌දෙනා අඹු-සැමි‌යෝ ‌වෙති. ඒ රෑණ දිරා ගිය කල්හි, අලුත් නියඳ රෑණක් අඹරා බැඳී‌මේ කාර්යය භාර්ය්‍යාව සතු ‌වෙයි. සාමාන්‍ය‌යෙන් මාමලැත්‌තෝ විසින් බඹර වද ඇති තැනක් පවරා දීමත්, දඩ බල්ලන් සහ දුනු ඊතල දීමත් කරන ලදි. සමහර අවස්ථාවලදි මනමාලයා විසින් මනමාලියට ‌රෙදිපිලි දීම පසුකාලින ව ඇති වූ සිරිකත් බව ‌පෙනේ. විවාහ‌යෙන් පසුව බෑනා මාමා‌ගේ රෑණට එකතුවී, දඩයමට සහයවීම සිඳු ‌වෙයි. එබැවින් වැදි ජනයා අත‌රේ පිරිමි දරුවන්ට වඩා ගැහැණු දරැවන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි ඇල්මක් ඇත. '''දරුදැරි‌යෝ''' විවාහ‌යෙන් පසු, දරු ගැබක් පහළ වූ පසු, වැදි ජනයා අතර ආරක්ෂාවන් සඳහා විවිධ [[අභිචාර]] විධී භාවිතා කරයි. පුරාණ‌යෙදී 'පට්ටා යකා' පූජාවක් කරමින් ගැබ් ආරක්ෂා කළ බව ප්‍රකට ය. ප්‍රසූතිය ගල්‌ලෙනක ‌හෝ පැ‌ලේදී සිඳු විණ. ප්‍රසූති‌යෙන් පසු ව විවිධ මස්-මාශ වර්ග අනුභවය නුසුදුසුයයි පිළි ගැනීමක් විණ. එ‌සේ ම කිරී එරීම සඳහා ම ‌යොග්‍යයයි පිළිගත් අලවර්ග ආහාරයට දීම කරන ලදි. දරුවා හට මසක් තුළ නමක් දුන් අතර, යකුන්‌ගේ ‌දොස් වලින් ආරක්ෂා කර ගැනීමට දරුවා ‌බො‌හෝ විට හඳුන්වනු ලැබු‌වේ විවිධ වූ හුරතල් නම් වලිනි. ඔවුන්‌ගේ නියම නමින් හඳුවන්නට පටන් ගන්‌නේ දරුවා වැඩුණු පසු ය. දරුවන් ‌ගේ වයස අවුරුදු හත පමණ වනතුරැත් ඔවුන් නිර්වස්ත්‍රව සිටිති. වයස අවුරුදු දහය-දො‌ළොහ පමණ වය‌සේ දී දරුවන් විසින් ගල්දුනු භාවිත‌යෙන් කුරුල්ලන් සහ කුඩා සතුන් දඩයම් කරති. දරුවන් වැඩිවියට පැමි‌ණෙත් ම විවිධ දඩයම් කරන ශිල්පයත්, බඹර කැඩී‌මේ ආකාරයත් ඔවුනට කියා ‌දෙනු ලැබේ. ‌මෙ‌සේ වැඩුණු පිරිමි දරුවන් දඩයම් සහ බඹර කැඩී‌මේ දී හවුල් කර ගන්‌නේ එකී කුසලතා වර්ධනය කිරීමට ය. වැදි දැරිවිය මල්වර වූ විට, ඇය [[නුග]] ගසක් ‌වෙතට ‌‌ගොස් ගල් කැටවලින් එයට ගැසීමත්, එය කන වැකුණු මව වතුර කළයක් ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ඇය නහවා, හිසිට පසුපසින් එය බිමට වැටී බිඳී සියලු ‌දොස් දුරු කිරීම හැර ‌වෙනත් වි‌ශේෂිත ‌[[කොටහළු සිරිත්]] නැත. පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් සිංහල මල්වර සිරිත් වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වීම නිසා, මල්වර දැරිය කිළි පැලක වැඩිමහළු කාන්තාවක් හා තැබීම හා ඒ ආශ්‍රිත අභිචාර විධි කිරීම දැන් අපට අසන්නට දක්නිනට ඇත. මරණය වැද්දන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි භිය උපදවන අවස්ථාවකි. එවැන් විට ඔවුහු ගල්‌ලෙන් අතැර යති. එ‌සේ කරනු‌යේ, මළ පුද්ගලයන් ඔවුන් හඹා එනු ඇතයි බි‌යෙනි. වැද්දන් විශ්වාස කරන පරිදි, මරණ‌යෙන් පසු ස්වකිය ඥාතියා නෑ ය‌කෙකු කිරීමට, දින කිහිපයක් මළ පුද්ගලයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් පුද පූජා පවත්වති. '''බාහිර සම්බන්ධතා''' ‌රොබට් ‌‌‌නොක්ස් පවසන පරිදි, ඔවුන් මුව දඩය‌මෙහි සහ දුම් ගැස්සවීම් කිරීම් තුළින් වියලා ගැනීම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. සිංහල මිනිස්සු දඩමස් ලබා ගැනීමට වැද්දන් ‌වෙත පැමිණිය හ. රජු‌ගේ කෑම ‌මේසයට සඩමස් සැපයීම කාර්‌යේ ද නිරිත විය. ඒවාට අමතර ව, රජු හට ඇත්දළ සැපයීම ද, මී පැණි සහ මී ඉටි සැපයීම ද කරන ලදි. රජු ද ඔවුන්ට ප්‍රත්‍යුපකාර වශ‌යෙන් වැද්දන් හට ‌රෙදිපිළි සහ ඊතල ආදිය දුන්‌නේ ය. ‌රොබට් ‌නොක්ස්‌ගේ වාර්තාවට අනුව වැද්‌දෝ වරක් රජුට එ‌රෙහිව පැමිණි යුද්ධවලදී සටන් කළ හ. එ‌සේම, ඔවුහු ඔවුන්ට අයිති ප්‍ර‌දේශ ආරක්ෂා කරමින් රජුට ද වක්‍රාකාර ව ආරක්ෂාව සපයන ලදී. ===වැදි බස=== වැදිභාෂාව ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් කළ පර්‌යේෂණයන් ඇසුරින් විලියම් ගයිගර් වියතාණන් දක්වන්‌නේ, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ඇ‌බොරජිනි වැනි ‌‌ගෝත්‍රික ප්‍රජාවක් බවත්, දකුණු ඉන්දියා‌වේ ‌පෞරාණික ‌ගෝත්‍රයන්ට නෑ සබදතාවක් දක්වන ඇති බවත් ය. [[ආරියන්]] සංක්‍රමණයන්ට ‌පෙර පටන් ඔවුහු ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ විසූ ආදිවාසින් වූ අතර, අනාර්ය භාෂාවක් කතා කළ බවකි (Indian Historical Quartely, XI. pp. 515-516). වැද්දන් විසින් වනාතර‌යේ දඩයමට යන අතර භාවිතා කළ රහස් බසක් වශ‌යෙන් ඔවුන්‌ගේ භාෂාව වර්ධනය වන්නට ඇත. අදදු දඩයක්කරුවන් අතර ‌මෙවැනි ‘කැළැ බසක්’ භාවිතා කරන්‌නේ යක්ෂ ‌හෝ දේව බලපැම්වලින් ස්වකීය දඩයම ආරක්ෂා කරගැනීමට ය. මූලීක වශ‌යෙන් [[ආදිවැසියන්]] ‌ලෙස වර්ධනය වූ වැද්දන්‌ගේ අනාර්ය බස ක්‍රම‌යෙන් [[ආර්යන්]]ගේ පැමිණිම හා සිංහල භාෂාව හා සම්මිශ්‍රණය වි‌මෙන් දැන් භාවිතා කරන ආකෘතියට පරිවර්තනය වන්නට ඇත. ඒ ‌‌සේම, විවිධ අවශ්‍යතාවන්‌ගේ වර්ධනය සමග නව වචන තනා ගැනීම‌ට ‌හෝ ණයට ගැන්නට සිදු විය. ‌මෙ‌සේ විවිධ වූ බලපෑම් නිසාත්, පාසල් අධ්‍යපනය ව්‍යප්ත වීම නිසාත් ක්‍රම‌යෙන් පුරාණ වැදිබස අභාවයට යමින් පවති. ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. වැද්දන්ගේ ඇදහිලි රටාව මළ ඥාති වන්දනාවකි (Obesekera, 'G. Sinhal religion.' In M. Eliade ed. ''The encylopedia of religion, Vol 13.'' New York: Macmillan, 1987.). ===විශ්වාස=== වෑද්දන්‌ගේ විශ්වාසයන් සංකිර්ණ ය. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් නෑ යකුන් ඇදහිම, විවිධ ‌වෙනත් යක්කු සහ ‌දෙවිවරුන් ඇදහම හා ‌බෞද්ධ පුදපූජාවන් ‌මේවාට ඇතුලත් ‌වෙති. ‌‌බොහෝවිට යාදිනි සහ කිරි‌කොරහ වැනි අබිචාරයන් මගින් සශ්‍රීකත්වය උ‌දෙසා කටයුතු කරයි. ප්‍රධාන වහ‌යෙන් වැද්දන්‌ගේ විශ්වාසයන් සං‌‌කේන්ද්‍රනය වී ඇත්‌තේ මූලික වශ‌යෙන් ජිවත චක්‍රය හා බැදුණු කරුණු ශාත්ශාත් කර ගැනීමට ය. ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== ජාන විද්‍යාත්මක පර්‌යේෂණයන් තුළින් තහවුරු වී ඇත්‌තේ උතුරු ඉන්දියානු ආර්ය සංක්‍රමණයට ‌පෙර විසු ප්‍රග්-ආර්ය ජනතාව හා සම්බන්ධතාවක් ඇති බව ය. කලාන්තරයක් තිස්‌සේ සිංහල හා දෙමළ ජනතාව අත‌රේ වාසය කළ වැද්දන් එකී ජනසමාජයන්ට ක්‍රම‌යෙන් සම්මිශ්‍රණය විය. වෑද්දන්‌ගේ රුධිර වර්ග පරික්ෂා‌වේදී ‌සොයා ලනු ලැබු‌වේ ‌බො‌හෝ ආදිවාසි ජනවර්ගවල දක්නට ඇති O රුධිර කාණ්ඩය බහුතරයට ඇති බවකි. එ‌සේ ම ස්වල්ප ජන ‌කොට්ඨාශයක A රුධිර ගණය දක්නට තිබූ අතර, ඔවුන් අතර‌වෙනත් රුධිර කාණ්ඩයන් දක්නට නැත (The Blood Groups and Haemoglobins of the Veddahs of Ceylon R. L. Wickremasinghe, Elizabeth W. Ikin, A. E. Mourant, H. Lehmann Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol. 93, No. 1 (Jan. - Jun., 1963) , pp. 117-125). අද සිංහලයන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත ව ඇති පවුල් කිහිපයක් ස්වකීය සම්භවය වැදිජන ප්‍රජාව ආශ්‍රය ‌‌කොට සිදුවිණයි ආඩම්බර‌යේ සඳහන් කරති. == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ද සිල්වා, එම්. ඩබ්. සුගතපාල, ''දඹා‌නේ වැදි බස '' ‌කොළඹ: සරසවි ප්‍රකාශ‌යෝ, 1964. ඉංග්‍රිසි මූලාශ්‍ර Seligmann, C.G. ''The Vaddahs of Ceylon.'' Cambribge Archaeological and Ethnological Series, Macmillan & Co., 1906. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ජන සමාජය]] [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] 5590 2006-06-09T11:37:55Z Ravincaldera 100 /* අභිචාරවිධි */ ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. [[image:Ceylon Native Village.jpg|thumb|right|350px| ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ වැදි පවුලක් (1910)]] ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරුවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ: මහා වංශ‌යේ සඳහන් වන පරිදි, [[විජය කුමරු]]වා කු‌වේණිය හා දරුවන් අතහැර දමා, විවහාය සඳහා රාජ කන්‍යවක් ඉන්දියා‌වෙන් ‌ගෙ‌නෙන ලදි. එහි දී [[කු‌වේණිය]] නැවත [[ලංකාපුර‌]]යෙහි ස්වකීය [[යක්ෂ]] ප්‍රජාව ‌වෙත හරවා යවන අතර, එහි දී ඇති වූ දබරයක දී ඇය මරණයට පත්වන්ණි ය. ඇය‌ගේ බාල ‌සො‌හොයුරා පැමිණ දරුවන් හට පලා යමට පවසයි. ඔවුන් සමන්-කුළ ([[සම‌නොළ කන්ද]])ට ‌ගොස් ‌ නැගණී දෙටු ‌සොයුරා හා වාසය ‌කොට, [[මලයා රට]] හෙවත් කදුකර ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජන ප්‍රජාවක් බිහි කළ අතර, ඔවුන් පුලින්දා ‌ලෙස දක්වා ඇත ([[මහාවංශය]] පරි. 7.59-68). පුලින්දන් පිළිබඳ ව සටහනක් තබන ගයිගර් තුමා පවසන්‌නේ, ඔවුන් ‌මේ‌‌ලේජ්‍ය ‌ගෝත්‍රික ප්‍රජාවක් වන්නට ඇති බවත්, පසුව වැද්දන් බවට හඳුන්වන්නට ඇති බවත් ය. ‌‌කොළඹ, කළුතර සහ ගාල්ල ආශ්‍රිත ප්‍රදේශ‌යේ සිට කදුකරය දක්වා ප්‍ර‌දේශය ‘සබරගමුව’ ‌ලෙසින් හදුන්වන අතර, එය ව්‍යුත්පන්න වන්නට ඇත්‌තේ ‘පුලින්ද’ යන්නට සමාන පදයක් වන [[සංස්කෘත]] ‘සබර,’ [[පාලි]] ‘සවර’ ‌මගින් ය. ‌උක්ත නිගමනයට අනුව ම යමින් ශ්‍රී සුමංගල හිමියන් හා බටුවන්තුඩා‌වේ ‌දේවරක්ෂිත පඬිවරයාණන් ඔවුන්‌ගේ [[මහාවංශ]] පරිවර්ත‌යේ ‘පුලින්ද’ වදන ‘වැද්දන්’ වශ‌යෙන් ඍජුව ම දක්වා ඇත. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ [[විජයාගමනයට]] ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්සන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌[[ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ්]] ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිවැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ '[[වන්නියලෑත්තන්]]' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. [[සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌ත]]හි ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌[[හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන්]] ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== වැදිසමාජය තුළ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන ධුරාවලියක් දක්නට නැති තරම් ය. ‌බො‌හෝ විට වැදි රැළක් වැදිනායකයකු යට‌තේ පාලනය විය. ආදිවාසි ජන ප්‍රජාවන්හි දක්නට ඇති ආකාර‌යේ, ‌ගෝත්‍ර අතර ‌වෛරයක් ‌හෝ ‌ගෝත්‍ර සටන් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. එක ම ප්‍ර‌දේශයක වරිග කිහිපයක වැදිජන ප්‍රජාවන් සමාදාන‌යෙන් ජීවත් වුව ද, ප්‍ර‌දේශයට ඇතුල්වීමේ දී විවිධ තහංචි ඔවුනොවුන් අතර විණ. සමහර වැදි වරිග‌යෝ ගඟක් ‌හෝ කැළැ ‌පෙ‌දෙසක් හරහා ‌වෙනත් ප්‍ර‌දේශයන් වලට සංක්‍රමණය වූ හ. ‌මෙ‌සේ ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යෙන් ප්‍ර‌දේශයට වැදි ප්‍රජාවන්‌ගේ ව්‍යාප්තවීම සිඳු වි ය. ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. සී. ජී. සෙල්ග්මාන්ට අනුව වැද්දන්‌‌ගේ වරිග ‌බෙදීම ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් ස්වකීය ‌ගෝත්‍ර‌යෙන් පිට විවහා වීම ‌හෙවත් [[බහිර්‌වෛවාහික]] සහ මාතෘ පාර්ෂව මූලීක, ඌරා සහ ‌මොනරා ආශ්‍රීත ගෝත්‍ර විහ්න ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් ‌ගොඩ නැගුනක් බව ය (C. G. Seligmann, The Vaddas, 1911, p.30). භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===දිවි‌පෙ‌වෙත=== මුල් කාල‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනප්‍රජාව ගල්‌ලෙන් ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ අතර, පසුව පැල්පත් ආශ්‍රීත ගම්මාන කරා සංක්‍රමණය වන්නට ඇත. [[image:gathering honey.jpg|thumb|left|150px|බඹර පැණි එකතු කරන අනතුරුදායක අවස්ථාවක් (1887)]] ඒවා වැදි ‌කොරටු ‌ලෙසින් හැඳින් වූ අතර, වරින් වර, ආහාර ‌සොයා ගත හැකි පමණට කොරටු‌වෙන් ‌කොරටුවට වැදි ප්‍රජාව සංක්‍රමණය වී‌මේ සිරිතක් විය. පසුකාලීනව ඇති වූ ගම්වැද්‌දෝ ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් හේන් ‌ගොවිතැන ඇසුරු ‌‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුදු, ඔවුන්‌ගේ සාම්ප්‍රදායික දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙත සම්පුර්ණ‌යෙන් ම අත් ‌නොහැරිය හ. වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් දඩයම් කිරී‌මෙන් ජීවත් වූ අතර, ඔවුන්‌ගේ මුලීක ප්‍රවනතාවය වූ‌යේ ‌ගොනා දඩයම් කිරීම ය. ‌ගොනා ගිරි ආශ්‍රිත ව වාසය කළ නිසා වැද්දන් ද ගිරි‌ලෙන් ආශ්‍රිත දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙතකට හුරු වන්නට ඇති බව ‌බො‌හෝ විද්‍යාර්ථයින් විශ්වාස තරති. ‌මෙයට අමතර ව, ඔවුන් ඵල-අල ආහාරයට ගනිමින් ද, වන මී රැස්වන කාලයට මී කැඩි‌මෙන් ද දිවි ‌පෙ‌‌වෙත සරි කර ගත් හ. වැද්දන් ආහාර පුළුස්සා ගැනීම කරන අතර, අලවර්ග ‌‌බො‌හෝවිට උණු අළුපල්‌ලේ ලා තම්බා ගැනීම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. දඩයම් කිරීම හා ආහාර අනුභවය කණ්ඩායමක් වශ‌යෙන් එකට ම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. වැඩිපුර ඇති ආහාර ද්‍රව්‍ය හිඟ කාලයන් සඳහා කල් තබා ගැනීමට මස් වර්ග වියලීම (හෙවත් කරවල කිරීම), එල්ලා දුම්ගැස්ස වීම ‌හෝ මීපැනිවල බහා තැබීම වැනි ක්‍රියාවන් කළ හ. '''රෑ‌‌හේ නායකයා''' වැදි‌ගෝත්‍රය සංවිධානය වන්නේ 'නායකයෙකු' වටා ය. එ‌හෙයින් විවිධ වූ වැදිජනප්‍රජාවන් සඳහා නායක‌යෝ සිටිය හ. එ‌හෙත් පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් වැදි ජනතාව‌ගේ ප්‍රාමාණාත්මක අඩුවීම නිසා සහ ආණ්ඩුව විසින් ඔවුන් වසන ප්‍ර‌දේශ පාලනය නායකයන්ගේ පැවැත්ම ක්‍රමයෙන් නැති ව ගි‌යේ ය. වැදි ප්‍රජා‌වේ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන නායක‌යෙක් ‌‌ලෙස මෑත යුග‌යේ සිටි‌යේ දඹා‌නේ මහාවන්නියලැත්‌‌තෝ ‌හෙවත් තිසාහාමිලැත්‌තෝ ය. [[image:Vaddas meeting.jpg|thumb|right|150px| පිටස්තරයන් හමූ වූ ‌මො‌හොතක්...(1887)]] ===පවුල් දිවිය=== වැදි ජනයා අතර [[ඥාතීත්වය]] සහ ඔවුන්ට ආමන්ත්‍රණය සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජාව ‌මෙන් ‌‌වෙයි. අප්පිලැත්‌තෝ (පියා), අම්මිලැත්‌තෝ (මව), ආදි වශ‌යෙන් 'ලැත්‌තෝ' යන පාඨය ඥාතිතවයට පසුව ‌යෙදී‌මෙන් ඔවුහු ආමන්ත්‍රණය තනා ගනිති. බිරිද(කුඩ්‌පෙත්ත)ට ‌බො‌හෝ විට, 'නංගිලැත්‌තෝ' යන ‌යෙඳුම ‌යොදනු‌යේ, වැදිජනප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ඇති බෑණා සහ නැනා (ඇවැස්ස හුරා-නෑනා) විවාහයන් නිසා‌වෙන් ය. සිංහල සමාජ‌යේ ‌මෙන් ම, විවාහ සහ ලිංගික සම්බන්ධතා සම්බන්ධ‌යෙන් විවිධ වූ තහංචි පැන වී තිබිණි. නිදසුනක් ‌ලෙස, මාමා සහ නෑනැ අතර, බෑණා සහ නැන්දා අතර ‌මෙන් ම, මවු-පිය පාර්ෂව‌යේ ස‌හෝදරයන් ‌හෝ වියපත් ස‌හෝදර ස‌හෝදරියන් අතරත් විවාහයන් තහනම් විණ. එ‌හෙත් මරණයක දී, මළ ස‌හෝදරිය ‌හෝ ස‌හෝදරයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් සැමියා ‌හෝ බිරිය එකී පවු‌ලේ තව ස‌හෝදරියක් ‌හෝ ස‌හොදරයෙක් විවාහ කර ගැනීම සිඳු විම නිසා, නැවතත් දරුවන් හට ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබිණ. '''පවුල් සම්බන්ධතා''' අඹු-සැමි දිවිය අගය කළ වැදි ජනයා අතර, සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ලැ‌බෙන බහුභාර්යා ‌සේවනය ‌හෝ බහු පුරුෂ ‌සේවනය තබා, පරදාර ‌සේවනය වත් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. විවාහ‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනයා ස්වකීය භාර්යාවන්ට මනා ‌සේ ඇළුම් කළ අතර, එකි‌නෙකාට විශ්වාසවන්ත ‌ලෙස ද ජීවත් විය. එ‌හෙයින් වි‌දේශිය මිශනාරිවරුන් විසින් ‌කෙවල විවහා කුමය ලංකාවට හඳුන්වා දීමට පෙර සිට ම, වැද්දන් අතර ‌කේවල විවාහ ක්‍රමය තිබූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌රේ ගැහැණිය හට මනා ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබුණු අතර, ඇය පවු‌ලේ පළමු ‌කොට, ආහාර‌යෙන් ‌කොටස භුක්ති වින්ද හ. ‌මෙයින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්නේ කාන්තාව වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌‌රේ ‌ගෞවරවයට පාත්‍ර වූ බවකි. '''විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන්''' වැදි දරු‌වෝ කල් ‌නොයවා ස්වකීය නෑන-හුරා විවාහයන්ට ඇතුළු ‌වෙති. ඔවුන් අතර ස‌හෝදර ස‌හොදරි ව්‍යවාහයන් ‌හෝ විවාහයට ‌පෙර ලිංගිත සම්බන්ධතාවන් සිදු ‌නො‌වේ. විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන් ‌බො‌හෝ ‌සේ ලුහුඩු ය; සරල ය. තරුණ වැදි ‌කොළු‌වෙකු හිතගිය තරුණි‌ය‌ගේ ‌පියාගේ ගෙට පැණි මුලක් හා මස් රැ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ‌යොජනාව පියාට පවසන අතර, පියා විසින් ඇයට නියඳ පට්ටාවලින් ඇඹරූ රෑනක් ‌ගෙන ඔහු‌ගේ ඉණ වටා බඳිනු ලැ‌බේ. එතැන් සිට ‌‌දෙ‌දෙනා අඹු-සැමි‌යෝ ‌වෙති. ඒ රෑණ දිරා ගිය කල්හි, අලුත් නියඳ රෑණක් අඹරා බැඳී‌මේ කාර්යය භාර්ය්‍යාව සතු ‌වෙයි. සාමාන්‍ය‌යෙන් මාමලැත්‌තෝ විසින් බඹර වද ඇති තැනක් පවරා දීමත්, දඩ බල්ලන් සහ දුනු ඊතල දීමත් කරන ලදි. සමහර අවස්ථාවලදි මනමාලයා විසින් මනමාලියට ‌රෙදිපිලි දීම පසුකාලින ව ඇති වූ සිරිකත් බව ‌පෙනේ. විවාහ‌යෙන් පසුව බෑනා මාමා‌ගේ රෑණට එකතුවී, දඩයමට සහයවීම සිඳු ‌වෙයි. එබැවින් වැදි ජනයා අත‌රේ පිරිමි දරුවන්ට වඩා ගැහැණු දරැවන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි ඇල්මක් ඇත. '''දරුදැරි‌යෝ''' විවාහ‌යෙන් පසු, දරු ගැබක් පහළ වූ පසු, වැදි ජනයා අතර ආරක්ෂාවන් සඳහා විවිධ [[අභිචාර]] විධී භාවිතා කරයි. පුරාණ‌යෙදී 'පට්ටා යකා' පූජාවක් කරමින් ගැබ් ආරක්ෂා කළ බව ප්‍රකට ය. ප්‍රසූතිය ගල්‌ලෙනක ‌හෝ පැ‌ලේදී සිඳු විණ. ප්‍රසූති‌යෙන් පසු ව විවිධ මස්-මාශ වර්ග අනුභවය නුසුදුසුයයි පිළි ගැනීමක් විණ. එ‌සේ ම කිරී එරීම සඳහා ම ‌යොග්‍යයයි පිළිගත් අලවර්ග ආහාරයට දීම කරන ලදි. දරුවා හට මසක් තුළ නමක් දුන් අතර, යකුන්‌ගේ ‌දොස් වලින් ආරක්ෂා කර ගැනීමට දරුවා ‌බො‌හෝ විට හඳුන්වනු ලැබු‌වේ විවිධ වූ හුරතල් නම් වලිනි. ඔවුන්‌ගේ නියම නමින් හඳුවන්නට පටන් ගන්‌නේ දරුවා වැඩුණු පසු ය. දරුවන් ‌ගේ වයස අවුරුදු හත පමණ වනතුරැත් ඔවුන් නිර්වස්ත්‍රව සිටිති. වයස අවුරුදු දහය-දො‌ළොහ පමණ වය‌සේ දී දරුවන් විසින් ගල්දුනු භාවිත‌යෙන් කුරුල්ලන් සහ කුඩා සතුන් දඩයම් කරති. දරුවන් වැඩිවියට පැමි‌ණෙත් ම විවිධ දඩයම් කරන ශිල්පයත්, බඹර කැඩී‌මේ ආකාරයත් ඔවුනට කියා ‌දෙනු ලැබේ. ‌මෙ‌සේ වැඩුණු පිරිමි දරුවන් දඩයම් සහ බඹර කැඩී‌මේ දී හවුල් කර ගන්‌නේ එකී කුසලතා වර්ධනය කිරීමට ය. වැදි දැරිවිය මල්වර වූ විට, ඇය [[නුග]] ගසක් ‌වෙතට ‌‌ගොස් ගල් කැටවලින් එයට ගැසීමත්, එය කන වැකුණු මව වතුර කළයක් ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ඇය නහවා, හිසිට පසුපසින් එය බිමට වැටී බිඳී සියලු ‌දොස් දුරු කිරීම හැර ‌වෙනත් වි‌ශේෂිත ‌[[කොටහළු සිරිත්]] නැත. පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් සිංහල මල්වර සිරිත් වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වීම නිසා, මල්වර දැරිය කිළි පැලක වැඩිමහළු කාන්තාවක් හා තැබීම හා ඒ ආශ්‍රිත අභිචාර විධි කිරීම දැන් අපට අසන්නට දක්නිනට ඇත. මරණය වැද්දන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි භිය උපදවන අවස්ථාවකි. එවැන් විට ඔවුහු ගල්‌ලෙන් අතැර යති. එ‌සේ කරනු‌යේ, මළ පුද්ගලයන් ඔවුන් හඹා එනු ඇතයි බි‌යෙනි. වැද්දන් විශ්වාස කරන පරිදි, මරණ‌යෙන් පසු ස්වකිය ඥාතියා නෑ ය‌කෙකු කිරීමට, දින කිහිපයක් මළ පුද්ගලයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් පුද පූජා පවත්වති. '''බාහිර සම්බන්ධතා''' ‌රොබට් ‌‌‌නොක්ස් පවසන පරිදි, ඔවුන් මුව දඩය‌මෙහි සහ දුම් ගැස්සවීම් කිරීම් තුළින් වියලා ගැනීම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. සිංහල මිනිස්සු දඩමස් ලබා ගැනීමට වැද්දන් ‌වෙත පැමිණිය හ. රජු‌ගේ කෑම ‌මේසයට සඩමස් සැපයීම කාර්‌යේ ද නිරිත විය. ඒවාට අමතර ව, රජු හට ඇත්දළ සැපයීම ද, මී පැණි සහ මී ඉටි සැපයීම ද කරන ලදි. රජු ද ඔවුන්ට ප්‍රත්‍යුපකාර වශ‌යෙන් වැද්දන් හට ‌රෙදිපිළි සහ ඊතල ආදිය දුන්‌නේ ය. ‌රොබට් ‌නොක්ස්‌ගේ වාර්තාවට අනුව වැද්‌දෝ වරක් රජුට එ‌රෙහිව පැමිණි යුද්ධවලදී සටන් කළ හ. එ‌සේම, ඔවුහු ඔවුන්ට අයිති ප්‍ර‌දේශ ආරක්ෂා කරමින් රජුට ද වක්‍රාකාර ව ආරක්ෂාව සපයන ලදී. ===වැදි බස=== වැදිභාෂාව ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් කළ පර්‌යේෂණයන් ඇසුරින් විලියම් ගයිගර් වියතාණන් දක්වන්‌නේ, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ඇ‌බොරජිනි වැනි ‌‌ගෝත්‍රික ප්‍රජාවක් බවත්, දකුණු ඉන්දියා‌වේ ‌පෞරාණික ‌ගෝත්‍රයන්ට නෑ සබදතාවක් දක්වන ඇති බවත් ය. [[ආරියන්]] සංක්‍රමණයන්ට ‌පෙර පටන් ඔවුහු ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ විසූ ආදිවාසින් වූ අතර, අනාර්ය භාෂාවක් කතා කළ බවකි (Indian Historical Quartely, XI. pp. 515-516). වැද්දන් විසින් වනාතර‌යේ දඩයමට යන අතර භාවිතා කළ රහස් බසක් වශ‌යෙන් ඔවුන්‌ගේ භාෂාව වර්ධනය වන්නට ඇත. අදදු දඩයක්කරුවන් අතර ‌මෙවැනි ‘කැළැ බසක්’ භාවිතා කරන්‌නේ යක්ෂ ‌හෝ දේව බලපැම්වලින් ස්වකීය දඩයම ආරක්ෂා කරගැනීමට ය. මූලීක වශ‌යෙන් [[ආදිවැසියන්]] ‌ලෙස වර්ධනය වූ වැද්දන්‌ගේ අනාර්ය බස ක්‍රම‌යෙන් [[ආර්යන්]]ගේ පැමිණිම හා සිංහල භාෂාව හා සම්මිශ්‍රණය වි‌මෙන් දැන් භාවිතා කරන ආකෘතියට පරිවර්තනය වන්නට ඇත. ඒ ‌‌සේම, විවිධ අවශ්‍යතාවන්‌ගේ වර්ධනය සමග නව වචන තනා ගැනීම‌ට ‌හෝ ණයට ගැන්නට සිදු විය. ‌මෙ‌සේ විවිධ වූ බලපෑම් නිසාත්, පාසල් අධ්‍යපනය ව්‍යප්ත වීම නිසාත් ක්‍රම‌යෙන් පුරාණ වැදිබස අභාවයට යමින් පවති. ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. වැද්දන්ගේ ඇදහිලි රටාව මළ ඥාති වන්දනාවකි (Obesekera, 'G. Sinhal religion.' In M. Eliade ed. ''The encylopedia of religion, Vol 13.'' New York: Macmillan, 1987.). ===විශ්වාස=== වෑද්දන්‌ගේ විශ්වාසයන් සංකිර්ණ ය. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් නෑ යකුන් ඇදහිම, විවිධ ‌වෙනත් යක්කු සහ ‌දෙවිවරුන් ඇදහම හා ‌බෞද්ධ පුදපූජාවන් ‌මේවාට ඇතුලත් ‌වෙති. ‌‌බොහෝවිට යාදිනි සහ කිරි‌කොරහ වැනි අබිචාරයන් මගින් සශ්‍රීකත්වය උ‌දෙසා කටයුතු කරයි. ප්‍රධාන වහ‌යෙන් වැද්දන්‌ගේ විශ්වාසයන් සං‌‌කේන්ද්‍රනය වී ඇත්‌තේ මූලික වශ‌යෙන් ජිවත චක්‍රය හා බැදුණු කරුණු ශාත්ශාත් කර ගැනීමට ය. ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ජිවිත චක්‍රය අළලා බැඳුණු අභිචාර විධි පහත දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ: {| class="wikitable" ප්‍රධාන යක්කු |- !අරමුණු!!අභිචාරවිධි!!අදාළ ඇදහිම් |- |දරුවන් ලබා ගැනීමට/සශ්‍රිකත්වය ||හැත්‌මේ නැටුම ||ඇ‌ලේ/ග‌ලේ යක්කු |- |ගැබ්බර ස්ත්‍රීන්‌ගේ ආරක්ෂාව||පට්ට යකා පූජාව||පට්ට යකා |- |දරුවන්ට ආරක්ෂාව||කිරිඅම්මා පූජා||කිරිඅම්මාවරු |- |ආරක්ෂාව||ඊත‌ලේ නැටුම||කන්‌දේ යකා |- |‌රෝග නිවාරණය||දො‌ළේ යක් පූජාව||‌දො‌ළේයකා |- |‌රෝග නිවාරණය||පට්ටයකා පූජාව||පට්ටයකා |- |‌ලෙඩ නිවාරණය||දම්මඩුව||මරලූ යක්කු |- ප්‍රධාන යක්කු !අරමුණු!!අභිචාරවිධි!!අදාළ ඇදහිම් |- |දරුවන් ලබා ගැනීමට/සශ්‍රිකත්වය ||හැත්‌මේ නැටුම ||ඇ‌ලේ/ග‌ලේ යක්කු |- |ගැබ්බර ස්ත්‍රීන්‌ගේ ආරක්ෂාව||පට්ට යකා පූජාව||පට්ට යකා |- |දරුවන්ට ආරක්ෂාව||කිරිඅම්මා පූජා||කිරිඅම්මාවරු |- |ආරක්ෂාව||ඊත‌ලේ නැටුම||කන්‌දේ යකා |- |} ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== ජාන විද්‍යාත්මක පර්‌යේෂණයන් තුළින් තහවුරු වී ඇත්‌තේ උතුරු ඉන්දියානු ආර්ය සංක්‍රමණයට ‌පෙර විසු ප්‍රග්-ආර්ය ජනතාව හා සම්බන්ධතාවක් ඇති බව ය. කලාන්තරයක් තිස්‌සේ සිංහල හා දෙමළ ජනතාව අත‌රේ වාසය කළ වැද්දන් එකී ජනසමාජයන්ට ක්‍රම‌යෙන් සම්මිශ්‍රණය විය. වෑද්දන්‌ගේ රුධිර වර්ග පරික්ෂා‌වේදී ‌සොයා ලනු ලැබු‌වේ ‌බො‌හෝ ආදිවාසි ජනවර්ගවල දක්නට ඇති O රුධිර කාණ්ඩය බහුතරයට ඇති බවකි. එ‌සේ ම ස්වල්ප ජන ‌කොට්ඨාශයක A රුධිර ගණය දක්නට තිබූ අතර, ඔවුන් අතර‌වෙනත් රුධිර කාණ්ඩයන් දක්නට නැත (The Blood Groups and Haemoglobins of the Veddahs of Ceylon R. L. Wickremasinghe, Elizabeth W. Ikin, A. E. Mourant, H. Lehmann Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol. 93, No. 1 (Jan. - Jun., 1963) , pp. 117-125). අද සිංහලයන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත ව ඇති පවුල් කිහිපයක් ස්වකීය සම්භවය වැදිජන ප්‍රජාව ආශ්‍රය ‌‌කොට සිදුවිණයි ආඩම්බර‌යේ සඳහන් කරති. == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ද සිල්වා, එම්. ඩබ්. සුගතපාල, ''දඹා‌නේ වැදි බස '' ‌කොළඹ: සරසවි ප්‍රකාශ‌යෝ, 1964. ඉංග්‍රිසි මූලාශ්‍ර Seligmann, C.G. ''The Vaddahs of Ceylon.'' Cambribge Archaeological and Ethnological Series, Macmillan & Co., 1906. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ජන සමාජය]] [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] 5591 2006-06-09T11:39:04Z Ravincaldera 100 /* අභිචාරවිධි */ ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. [[image:Ceylon Native Village.jpg|thumb|right|350px| ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ වැදි පවුලක් (1910)]] ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරුවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ: මහා වංශ‌යේ සඳහන් වන පරිදි, [[විජය කුමරු]]වා කු‌වේණිය හා දරුවන් අතහැර දමා, විවහාය සඳහා රාජ කන්‍යවක් ඉන්දියා‌වෙන් ‌ගෙ‌නෙන ලදි. එහි දී [[කු‌වේණිය]] නැවත [[ලංකාපුර‌]]යෙහි ස්වකීය [[යක්ෂ]] ප්‍රජාව ‌වෙත හරවා යවන අතර, එහි දී ඇති වූ දබරයක දී ඇය මරණයට පත්වන්ණි ය. ඇය‌ගේ බාල ‌සො‌හොයුරා පැමිණ දරුවන් හට පලා යමට පවසයි. ඔවුන් සමන්-කුළ ([[සම‌නොළ කන්ද]])ට ‌ගොස් ‌ නැගණී දෙටු ‌සොයුරා හා වාසය ‌කොට, [[මලයා රට]] හෙවත් කදුකර ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජන ප්‍රජාවක් බිහි කළ අතර, ඔවුන් පුලින්දා ‌ලෙස දක්වා ඇත ([[මහාවංශය]] පරි. 7.59-68). පුලින්දන් පිළිබඳ ව සටහනක් තබන ගයිගර් තුමා පවසන්‌නේ, ඔවුන් ‌මේ‌‌ලේජ්‍ය ‌ගෝත්‍රික ප්‍රජාවක් වන්නට ඇති බවත්, පසුව වැද්දන් බවට හඳුන්වන්නට ඇති බවත් ය. ‌‌කොළඹ, කළුතර සහ ගාල්ල ආශ්‍රිත ප්‍රදේශ‌යේ සිට කදුකරය දක්වා ප්‍ර‌දේශය ‘සබරගමුව’ ‌ලෙසින් හදුන්වන අතර, එය ව්‍යුත්පන්න වන්නට ඇත්‌තේ ‘පුලින්ද’ යන්නට සමාන පදයක් වන [[සංස්කෘත]] ‘සබර,’ [[පාලි]] ‘සවර’ ‌මගින් ය. ‌උක්ත නිගමනයට අනුව ම යමින් ශ්‍රී සුමංගල හිමියන් හා බටුවන්තුඩා‌වේ ‌දේවරක්ෂිත පඬිවරයාණන් ඔවුන්‌ගේ [[මහාවංශ]] පරිවර්ත‌යේ ‘පුලින්ද’ වදන ‘වැද්දන්’ වශ‌යෙන් ඍජුව ම දක්වා ඇත. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ [[විජයාගමනයට]] ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්සන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌[[ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ්]] ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිවැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ '[[වන්නියලෑත්තන්]]' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. [[සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌ත]]හි ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌[[හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන්]] ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== වැදිසමාජය තුළ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන ධුරාවලියක් දක්නට නැති තරම් ය. ‌බො‌හෝ විට වැදි රැළක් වැදිනායකයකු යට‌තේ පාලනය විය. ආදිවාසි ජන ප්‍රජාවන්හි දක්නට ඇති ආකාර‌යේ, ‌ගෝත්‍ර අතර ‌වෛරයක් ‌හෝ ‌ගෝත්‍ර සටන් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. එක ම ප්‍ර‌දේශයක වරිග කිහිපයක වැදිජන ප්‍රජාවන් සමාදාන‌යෙන් ජීවත් වුව ද, ප්‍ර‌දේශයට ඇතුල්වීමේ දී විවිධ තහංචි ඔවුනොවුන් අතර විණ. සමහර වැදි වරිග‌යෝ ගඟක් ‌හෝ කැළැ ‌පෙ‌දෙසක් හරහා ‌වෙනත් ප්‍ර‌දේශයන් වලට සංක්‍රමණය වූ හ. ‌මෙ‌සේ ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යෙන් ප්‍ර‌දේශයට වැදි ප්‍රජාවන්‌ගේ ව්‍යාප්තවීම සිඳු වි ය. ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. සී. ජී. සෙල්ග්මාන්ට අනුව වැද්දන්‌‌ගේ වරිග ‌බෙදීම ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් ස්වකීය ‌ගෝත්‍ර‌යෙන් පිට විවහා වීම ‌හෙවත් [[බහිර්‌වෛවාහික]] සහ මාතෘ පාර්ෂව මූලීක, ඌරා සහ ‌මොනරා ආශ්‍රීත ගෝත්‍ර විහ්න ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් ‌ගොඩ නැගුනක් බව ය (C. G. Seligmann, The Vaddas, 1911, p.30). භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===දිවි‌පෙ‌වෙත=== මුල් කාල‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනප්‍රජාව ගල්‌ලෙන් ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ අතර, පසුව පැල්පත් ආශ්‍රීත ගම්මාන කරා සංක්‍රමණය වන්නට ඇත. [[image:gathering honey.jpg|thumb|left|150px|බඹර පැණි එකතු කරන අනතුරුදායක අවස්ථාවක් (1887)]] ඒවා වැදි ‌කොරටු ‌ලෙසින් හැඳින් වූ අතර, වරින් වර, ආහාර ‌සොයා ගත හැකි පමණට කොරටු‌වෙන් ‌කොරටුවට වැදි ප්‍රජාව සංක්‍රමණය වී‌මේ සිරිතක් විය. පසුකාලීනව ඇති වූ ගම්වැද්‌දෝ ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් හේන් ‌ගොවිතැන ඇසුරු ‌‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුදු, ඔවුන්‌ගේ සාම්ප්‍රදායික දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙත සම්පුර්ණ‌යෙන් ම අත් ‌නොහැරිය හ. වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් දඩයම් කිරී‌මෙන් ජීවත් වූ අතර, ඔවුන්‌ගේ මුලීක ප්‍රවනතාවය වූ‌යේ ‌ගොනා දඩයම් කිරීම ය. ‌ගොනා ගිරි ආශ්‍රිත ව වාසය කළ නිසා වැද්දන් ද ගිරි‌ලෙන් ආශ්‍රිත දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙතකට හුරු වන්නට ඇති බව ‌බො‌හෝ විද්‍යාර්ථයින් විශ්වාස තරති. ‌මෙයට අමතර ව, ඔවුන් ඵල-අල ආහාරයට ගනිමින් ද, වන මී රැස්වන කාලයට මී කැඩි‌මෙන් ද දිවි ‌පෙ‌‌වෙත සරි කර ගත් හ. වැද්දන් ආහාර පුළුස්සා ගැනීම කරන අතර, අලවර්ග ‌‌බො‌හෝවිට උණු අළුපල්‌ලේ ලා තම්බා ගැනීම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. දඩයම් කිරීම හා ආහාර අනුභවය කණ්ඩායමක් වශ‌යෙන් එකට ම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. වැඩිපුර ඇති ආහාර ද්‍රව්‍ය හිඟ කාලයන් සඳහා කල් තබා ගැනීමට මස් වර්ග වියලීම (හෙවත් කරවල කිරීම), එල්ලා දුම්ගැස්ස වීම ‌හෝ මීපැනිවල බහා තැබීම වැනි ක්‍රියාවන් කළ හ. '''රෑ‌‌හේ නායකයා''' වැදි‌ගෝත්‍රය සංවිධානය වන්නේ 'නායකයෙකු' වටා ය. එ‌හෙයින් විවිධ වූ වැදිජනප්‍රජාවන් සඳහා නායක‌යෝ සිටිය හ. එ‌හෙත් පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් වැදි ජනතාව‌ගේ ප්‍රාමාණාත්මක අඩුවීම නිසා සහ ආණ්ඩුව විසින් ඔවුන් වසන ප්‍ර‌දේශ පාලනය නායකයන්ගේ පැවැත්ම ක්‍රමයෙන් නැති ව ගි‌යේ ය. වැදි ප්‍රජා‌වේ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන නායක‌යෙක් ‌‌ලෙස මෑත යුග‌යේ සිටි‌යේ දඹා‌නේ මහාවන්නියලැත්‌‌තෝ ‌හෙවත් තිසාහාමිලැත්‌තෝ ය. [[image:Vaddas meeting.jpg|thumb|right|150px| පිටස්තරයන් හමූ වූ ‌මො‌හොතක්...(1887)]] ===පවුල් දිවිය=== වැදි ජනයා අතර [[ඥාතීත්වය]] සහ ඔවුන්ට ආමන්ත්‍රණය සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජාව ‌මෙන් ‌‌වෙයි. අප්පිලැත්‌තෝ (පියා), අම්මිලැත්‌තෝ (මව), ආදි වශ‌යෙන් 'ලැත්‌තෝ' යන පාඨය ඥාතිතවයට පසුව ‌යෙදී‌මෙන් ඔවුහු ආමන්ත්‍රණය තනා ගනිති. බිරිද(කුඩ්‌පෙත්ත)ට ‌බො‌හෝ විට, 'නංගිලැත්‌තෝ' යන ‌යෙඳුම ‌යොදනු‌යේ, වැදිජනප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ඇති බෑණා සහ නැනා (ඇවැස්ස හුරා-නෑනා) විවාහයන් නිසා‌වෙන් ය. සිංහල සමාජ‌යේ ‌මෙන් ම, විවාහ සහ ලිංගික සම්බන්ධතා සම්බන්ධ‌යෙන් විවිධ වූ තහංචි පැන වී තිබිණි. නිදසුනක් ‌ලෙස, මාමා සහ නෑනැ අතර, බෑණා සහ නැන්දා අතර ‌මෙන් ම, මවු-පිය පාර්ෂව‌යේ ස‌හෝදරයන් ‌හෝ වියපත් ස‌හෝදර ස‌හෝදරියන් අතරත් විවාහයන් තහනම් විණ. එ‌හෙත් මරණයක දී, මළ ස‌හෝදරිය ‌හෝ ස‌හෝදරයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් සැමියා ‌හෝ බිරිය එකී පවු‌ලේ තව ස‌හෝදරියක් ‌හෝ ස‌හොදරයෙක් විවාහ කර ගැනීම සිඳු විම නිසා, නැවතත් දරුවන් හට ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබිණ. '''පවුල් සම්බන්ධතා''' අඹු-සැමි දිවිය අගය කළ වැදි ජනයා අතර, සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ලැ‌බෙන බහුභාර්යා ‌සේවනය ‌හෝ බහු පුරුෂ ‌සේවනය තබා, පරදාර ‌සේවනය වත් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. විවාහ‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනයා ස්වකීය භාර්යාවන්ට මනා ‌සේ ඇළුම් කළ අතර, එකි‌නෙකාට විශ්වාසවන්ත ‌ලෙස ද ජීවත් විය. එ‌හෙයින් වි‌දේශිය මිශනාරිවරුන් විසින් ‌කෙවල විවහා කුමය ලංකාවට හඳුන්වා දීමට පෙර සිට ම, වැද්දන් අතර ‌කේවල විවාහ ක්‍රමය තිබූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌රේ ගැහැණිය හට මනා ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබුණු අතර, ඇය පවු‌ලේ පළමු ‌කොට, ආහාර‌යෙන් ‌කොටස භුක්ති වින්ද හ. ‌මෙයින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්නේ කාන්තාව වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌‌රේ ‌ගෞවරවයට පාත්‍ර වූ බවකි. '''විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන්''' වැදි දරු‌වෝ කල් ‌නොයවා ස්වකීය නෑන-හුරා විවාහයන්ට ඇතුළු ‌වෙති. ඔවුන් අතර ස‌හෝදර ස‌හොදරි ව්‍යවාහයන් ‌හෝ විවාහයට ‌පෙර ලිංගිත සම්බන්ධතාවන් සිදු ‌නො‌වේ. විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන් ‌බො‌හෝ ‌සේ ලුහුඩු ය; සරල ය. තරුණ වැදි ‌කොළු‌වෙකු හිතගිය තරුණි‌ය‌ගේ ‌පියාගේ ගෙට පැණි මුලක් හා මස් රැ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ‌යොජනාව පියාට පවසන අතර, පියා විසින් ඇයට නියඳ පට්ටාවලින් ඇඹරූ රෑනක් ‌ගෙන ඔහු‌ගේ ඉණ වටා බඳිනු ලැ‌බේ. එතැන් සිට ‌‌දෙ‌දෙනා අඹු-සැමි‌යෝ ‌වෙති. ඒ රෑණ දිරා ගිය කල්හි, අලුත් නියඳ රෑණක් අඹරා බැඳී‌මේ කාර්යය භාර්ය්‍යාව සතු ‌වෙයි. සාමාන්‍ය‌යෙන් මාමලැත්‌තෝ විසින් බඹර වද ඇති තැනක් පවරා දීමත්, දඩ බල්ලන් සහ දුනු ඊතල දීමත් කරන ලදි. සමහර අවස්ථාවලදි මනමාලයා විසින් මනමාලියට ‌රෙදිපිලි දීම පසුකාලින ව ඇති වූ සිරිකත් බව ‌පෙනේ. විවාහ‌යෙන් පසුව බෑනා මාමා‌ගේ රෑණට එකතුවී, දඩයමට සහයවීම සිඳු ‌වෙයි. එබැවින් වැදි ජනයා අත‌රේ පිරිමි දරුවන්ට වඩා ගැහැණු දරැවන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි ඇල්මක් ඇත. '''දරුදැරි‌යෝ''' විවාහ‌යෙන් පසු, දරු ගැබක් පහළ වූ පසු, වැදි ජනයා අතර ආරක්ෂාවන් සඳහා විවිධ [[අභිචාර]] විධී භාවිතා කරයි. පුරාණ‌යෙදී 'පට්ටා යකා' පූජාවක් කරමින් ගැබ් ආරක්ෂා කළ බව ප්‍රකට ය. ප්‍රසූතිය ගල්‌ලෙනක ‌හෝ පැ‌ලේදී සිඳු විණ. ප්‍රසූති‌යෙන් පසු ව විවිධ මස්-මාශ වර්ග අනුභවය නුසුදුසුයයි පිළි ගැනීමක් විණ. එ‌සේ ම කිරී එරීම සඳහා ම ‌යොග්‍යයයි පිළිගත් අලවර්ග ආහාරයට දීම කරන ලදි. දරුවා හට මසක් තුළ නමක් දුන් අතර, යකුන්‌ගේ ‌දොස් වලින් ආරක්ෂා කර ගැනීමට දරුවා ‌බො‌හෝ විට හඳුන්වනු ලැබු‌වේ විවිධ වූ හුරතල් නම් වලිනි. ඔවුන්‌ගේ නියම නමින් හඳුවන්නට පටන් ගන්‌නේ දරුවා වැඩුණු පසු ය. දරුවන් ‌ගේ වයස අවුරුදු හත පමණ වනතුරැත් ඔවුන් නිර්වස්ත්‍රව සිටිති. වයස අවුරුදු දහය-දො‌ළොහ පමණ වය‌සේ දී දරුවන් විසින් ගල්දුනු භාවිත‌යෙන් කුරුල්ලන් සහ කුඩා සතුන් දඩයම් කරති. දරුවන් වැඩිවියට පැමි‌ණෙත් ම විවිධ දඩයම් කරන ශිල්පයත්, බඹර කැඩී‌මේ ආකාරයත් ඔවුනට කියා ‌දෙනු ලැබේ. ‌මෙ‌සේ වැඩුණු පිරිමි දරුවන් දඩයම් සහ බඹර කැඩී‌මේ දී හවුල් කර ගන්‌නේ එකී කුසලතා වර්ධනය කිරීමට ය. වැදි දැරිවිය මල්වර වූ විට, ඇය [[නුග]] ගසක් ‌වෙතට ‌‌ගොස් ගල් කැටවලින් එයට ගැසීමත්, එය කන වැකුණු මව වතුර කළයක් ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ඇය නහවා, හිසිට පසුපසින් එය බිමට වැටී බිඳී සියලු ‌දොස් දුරු කිරීම හැර ‌වෙනත් වි‌ශේෂිත ‌[[කොටහළු සිරිත්]] නැත. පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් සිංහල මල්වර සිරිත් වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වීම නිසා, මල්වර දැරිය කිළි පැලක වැඩිමහළු කාන්තාවක් හා තැබීම හා ඒ ආශ්‍රිත අභිචාර විධි කිරීම දැන් අපට අසන්නට දක්නිනට ඇත. මරණය වැද්දන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි භිය උපදවන අවස්ථාවකි. එවැන් විට ඔවුහු ගල්‌ලෙන් අතැර යති. එ‌සේ කරනු‌යේ, මළ පුද්ගලයන් ඔවුන් හඹා එනු ඇතයි බි‌යෙනි. වැද්දන් විශ්වාස කරන පරිදි, මරණ‌යෙන් පසු ස්වකිය ඥාතියා නෑ ය‌කෙකු කිරීමට, දින කිහිපයක් මළ පුද්ගලයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් පුද පූජා පවත්වති. '''බාහිර සම්බන්ධතා''' ‌රොබට් ‌‌‌නොක්ස් පවසන පරිදි, ඔවුන් මුව දඩය‌මෙහි සහ දුම් ගැස්සවීම් කිරීම් තුළින් වියලා ගැනීම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. සිංහල මිනිස්සු දඩමස් ලබා ගැනීමට වැද්දන් ‌වෙත පැමිණිය හ. රජු‌ගේ කෑම ‌මේසයට සඩමස් සැපයීම කාර්‌යේ ද නිරිත විය. ඒවාට අමතර ව, රජු හට ඇත්දළ සැපයීම ද, මී පැණි සහ මී ඉටි සැපයීම ද කරන ලදි. රජු ද ඔවුන්ට ප්‍රත්‍යුපකාර වශ‌යෙන් වැද්දන් හට ‌රෙදිපිළි සහ ඊතල ආදිය දුන්‌නේ ය. ‌රොබට් ‌නොක්ස්‌ගේ වාර්තාවට අනුව වැද්‌දෝ වරක් රජුට එ‌රෙහිව පැමිණි යුද්ධවලදී සටන් කළ හ. එ‌සේම, ඔවුහු ඔවුන්ට අයිති ප්‍ර‌දේශ ආරක්ෂා කරමින් රජුට ද වක්‍රාකාර ව ආරක්ෂාව සපයන ලදී. ===වැදි බස=== වැදිභාෂාව ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් කළ පර්‌යේෂණයන් ඇසුරින් විලියම් ගයිගර් වියතාණන් දක්වන්‌නේ, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ඇ‌බොරජිනි වැනි ‌‌ගෝත්‍රික ප්‍රජාවක් බවත්, දකුණු ඉන්දියා‌වේ ‌පෞරාණික ‌ගෝත්‍රයන්ට නෑ සබදතාවක් දක්වන ඇති බවත් ය. [[ආරියන්]] සංක්‍රමණයන්ට ‌පෙර පටන් ඔවුහු ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ විසූ ආදිවාසින් වූ අතර, අනාර්ය භාෂාවක් කතා කළ බවකි (Indian Historical Quartely, XI. pp. 515-516). වැද්දන් විසින් වනාතර‌යේ දඩයමට යන අතර භාවිතා කළ රහස් බසක් වශ‌යෙන් ඔවුන්‌ගේ භාෂාව වර්ධනය වන්නට ඇත. අදදු දඩයක්කරුවන් අතර ‌මෙවැනි ‘කැළැ බසක්’ භාවිතා කරන්‌නේ යක්ෂ ‌හෝ දේව බලපැම්වලින් ස්වකීය දඩයම ආරක්ෂා කරගැනීමට ය. මූලීක වශ‌යෙන් [[ආදිවැසියන්]] ‌ලෙස වර්ධනය වූ වැද්දන්‌ගේ අනාර්ය බස ක්‍රම‌යෙන් [[ආර්යන්]]ගේ පැමිණිම හා සිංහල භාෂාව හා සම්මිශ්‍රණය වි‌මෙන් දැන් භාවිතා කරන ආකෘතියට පරිවර්තනය වන්නට ඇත. ඒ ‌‌සේම, විවිධ අවශ්‍යතාවන්‌ගේ වර්ධනය සමග නව වචන තනා ගැනීම‌ට ‌හෝ ණයට ගැන්නට සිදු විය. ‌මෙ‌සේ විවිධ වූ බලපෑම් නිසාත්, පාසල් අධ්‍යපනය ව්‍යප්ත වීම නිසාත් ක්‍රම‌යෙන් පුරාණ වැදිබස අභාවයට යමින් පවති. ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. වැද්දන්ගේ ඇදහිලි රටාව මළ ඥාති වන්දනාවකි (Obesekera, 'G. Sinhal religion.' In M. Eliade ed. ''The encylopedia of religion, Vol 13.'' New York: Macmillan, 1987.). ===විශ්වාස=== වෑද්දන්‌ගේ විශ්වාසයන් සංකිර්ණ ය. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් නෑ යකුන් ඇදහිම, විවිධ ‌වෙනත් යක්කු සහ ‌දෙවිවරුන් ඇදහම හා ‌බෞද්ධ පුදපූජාවන් ‌මේවාට ඇතුලත් ‌වෙති. ‌‌බොහෝවිට යාදිනි සහ කිරි‌කොරහ වැනි අබිචාරයන් මගින් සශ්‍රීකත්වය උ‌දෙසා කටයුතු කරයි. ප්‍රධාන වහ‌යෙන් වැද්දන්‌ගේ විශ්වාසයන් සං‌‌කේන්ද්‍රනය වී ඇත්‌තේ මූලික වශ‌යෙන් ජිවත චක්‍රය හා බැදුණු කරුණු ශාත්ශාත් කර ගැනීමට ය. ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ජිවිත චක්‍රය අළලා බැඳුණු අභිචාර විධි පහත දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ: {| class="wikitable" ප්‍රධාන යක්කු |- !අරමුණු!!අභිචාරවිධි!!අදාළ ඇදහිම් |- |දරුවන් ලබා ගැනීමට/සශ්‍රිකත්වය ||හැත්‌මේ නැටුම ||ඇ‌ලේ/ග‌ලේ යක්කු |- |ගැබ්බර ස්ත්‍රීන්‌ගේ ආරක්ෂාව||පට්ට යකා පූජාව||පට්ට යකා |- |දරුවන්ට ආරක්ෂාව||කිරිඅම්මා පූජා||කිරිඅම්මාවරු |- |ආරක්ෂාව||ඊත‌ලේ නැටුම||කන්‌දේ යකා |- |‌රෝග නිවාරණය||දො‌ළේ යක් පූජාව||‌දො‌ළේයකා |- |‌රෝග නිවාරණය||පට්ටයකා පූජාව||පට්ටයකා |- |‌ලෙඩ නිවාරණය||දම්මඩුව||මරලූ යක්කු |- |} ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== ජාන විද්‍යාත්මක පර්‌යේෂණයන් තුළින් තහවුරු වී ඇත්‌තේ උතුරු ඉන්දියානු ආර්ය සංක්‍රමණයට ‌පෙර විසු ප්‍රග්-ආර්ය ජනතාව හා සම්බන්ධතාවක් ඇති බව ය. කලාන්තරයක් තිස්‌සේ සිංහල හා දෙමළ ජනතාව අත‌රේ වාසය කළ වැද්දන් එකී ජනසමාජයන්ට ක්‍රම‌යෙන් සම්මිශ්‍රණය විය. වෑද්දන්‌ගේ රුධිර වර්ග පරික්ෂා‌වේදී ‌සොයා ලනු ලැබු‌වේ ‌බො‌හෝ ආදිවාසි ජනවර්ගවල දක්නට ඇති O රුධිර කාණ්ඩය බහුතරයට ඇති බවකි. එ‌සේ ම ස්වල්ප ජන ‌කොට්ඨාශයක A රුධිර ගණය දක්නට තිබූ අතර, ඔවුන් අතර‌වෙනත් රුධිර කාණ්ඩයන් දක්නට නැත (The Blood Groups and Haemoglobins of the Veddahs of Ceylon R. L. Wickremasinghe, Elizabeth W. Ikin, A. E. Mourant, H. Lehmann Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol. 93, No. 1 (Jan. - Jun., 1963) , pp. 117-125). අද සිංහලයන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත ව ඇති පවුල් කිහිපයක් ස්වකීය සම්භවය වැදිජන ප්‍රජාව ආශ්‍රය ‌‌කොට සිදුවිණයි ආඩම්බර‌යේ සඳහන් කරති. == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ද සිල්වා, එම්. ඩබ්. සුගතපාල, ''දඹා‌නේ වැදි බස '' ‌කොළඹ: සරසවි ප්‍රකාශ‌යෝ, 1964. ඉංග්‍රිසි මූලාශ්‍ර Seligmann, C.G. ''The Vaddahs of Ceylon.'' Cambribge Archaeological and Ethnological Series, Macmillan & Co., 1906. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ජන සමාජය]] [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] 5592 2006-06-09T11:39:59Z Ravincaldera 100 /* අභිචාරවිධි */ ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. [[image:Ceylon Native Village.jpg|thumb|right|350px| ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ වැදි පවුලක් (1910)]] ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරුවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ: මහා වංශ‌යේ සඳහන් වන පරිදි, [[විජය කුමරු]]වා කු‌වේණිය හා දරුවන් අතහැර දමා, විවහාය සඳහා රාජ කන්‍යවක් ඉන්දියා‌වෙන් ‌ගෙ‌නෙන ලදි. එහි දී [[කු‌වේණිය]] නැවත [[ලංකාපුර‌]]යෙහි ස්වකීය [[යක්ෂ]] ප්‍රජාව ‌වෙත හරවා යවන අතර, එහි දී ඇති වූ දබරයක දී ඇය මරණයට පත්වන්ණි ය. ඇය‌ගේ බාල ‌සො‌හොයුරා පැමිණ දරුවන් හට පලා යමට පවසයි. ඔවුන් සමන්-කුළ ([[සම‌නොළ කන්ද]])ට ‌ගොස් ‌ නැගණී දෙටු ‌සොයුරා හා වාසය ‌කොට, [[මලයා රට]] හෙවත් කදුකර ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජන ප්‍රජාවක් බිහි කළ අතර, ඔවුන් පුලින්දා ‌ලෙස දක්වා ඇත ([[මහාවංශය]] පරි. 7.59-68). පුලින්දන් පිළිබඳ ව සටහනක් තබන ගයිගර් තුමා පවසන්‌නේ, ඔවුන් ‌මේ‌‌ලේජ්‍ය ‌ගෝත්‍රික ප්‍රජාවක් වන්නට ඇති බවත්, පසුව වැද්දන් බවට හඳුන්වන්නට ඇති බවත් ය. ‌‌කොළඹ, කළුතර සහ ගාල්ල ආශ්‍රිත ප්‍රදේශ‌යේ සිට කදුකරය දක්වා ප්‍ර‌දේශය ‘සබරගමුව’ ‌ලෙසින් හදුන්වන අතර, එය ව්‍යුත්පන්න වන්නට ඇත්‌තේ ‘පුලින්ද’ යන්නට සමාන පදයක් වන [[සංස්කෘත]] ‘සබර,’ [[පාලි]] ‘සවර’ ‌මගින් ය. ‌උක්ත නිගමනයට අනුව ම යමින් ශ්‍රී සුමංගල හිමියන් හා බටුවන්තුඩා‌වේ ‌දේවරක්ෂිත පඬිවරයාණන් ඔවුන්‌ගේ [[මහාවංශ]] පරිවර්ත‌යේ ‘පුලින්ද’ වදන ‘වැද්දන්’ වශ‌යෙන් ඍජුව ම දක්වා ඇත. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ [[විජයාගමනයට]] ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්සන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌[[ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ්]] ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිවැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ '[[වන්නියලෑත්තන්]]' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. [[සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌ත]]හි ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌[[හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන්]] ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== වැදිසමාජය තුළ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන ධුරාවලියක් දක්නට නැති තරම් ය. ‌බො‌හෝ විට වැදි රැළක් වැදිනායකයකු යට‌තේ පාලනය විය. ආදිවාසි ජන ප්‍රජාවන්හි දක්නට ඇති ආකාර‌යේ, ‌ගෝත්‍ර අතර ‌වෛරයක් ‌හෝ ‌ගෝත්‍ර සටන් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. එක ම ප්‍ර‌දේශයක වරිග කිහිපයක වැදිජන ප්‍රජාවන් සමාදාන‌යෙන් ජීවත් වුව ද, ප්‍ර‌දේශයට ඇතුල්වීමේ දී විවිධ තහංචි ඔවුනොවුන් අතර විණ. සමහර වැදි වරිග‌යෝ ගඟක් ‌හෝ කැළැ ‌පෙ‌දෙසක් හරහා ‌වෙනත් ප්‍ර‌දේශයන් වලට සංක්‍රමණය වූ හ. ‌මෙ‌සේ ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යෙන් ප්‍ර‌දේශයට වැදි ප්‍රජාවන්‌ගේ ව්‍යාප්තවීම සිඳු වි ය. ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. සී. ජී. සෙල්ග්මාන්ට අනුව වැද්දන්‌‌ගේ වරිග ‌බෙදීම ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් ස්වකීය ‌ගෝත්‍ර‌යෙන් පිට විවහා වීම ‌හෙවත් [[බහිර්‌වෛවාහික]] සහ මාතෘ පාර්ෂව මූලීක, ඌරා සහ ‌මොනරා ආශ්‍රීත ගෝත්‍ර විහ්න ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් ‌ගොඩ නැගුනක් බව ය (C. G. Seligmann, The Vaddas, 1911, p.30). භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===දිවි‌පෙ‌වෙත=== මුල් කාල‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනප්‍රජාව ගල්‌ලෙන් ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ අතර, පසුව පැල්පත් ආශ්‍රීත ගම්මාන කරා සංක්‍රමණය වන්නට ඇත. [[image:gathering honey.jpg|thumb|left|150px|බඹර පැණි එකතු කරන අනතුරුදායක අවස්ථාවක් (1887)]] ඒවා වැදි ‌කොරටු ‌ලෙසින් හැඳින් වූ අතර, වරින් වර, ආහාර ‌සොයා ගත හැකි පමණට කොරටු‌වෙන් ‌කොරටුවට වැදි ප්‍රජාව සංක්‍රමණය වී‌මේ සිරිතක් විය. පසුකාලීනව ඇති වූ ගම්වැද්‌දෝ ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් හේන් ‌ගොවිතැන ඇසුරු ‌‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුදු, ඔවුන්‌ගේ සාම්ප්‍රදායික දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙත සම්පුර්ණ‌යෙන් ම අත් ‌නොහැරිය හ. වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් දඩයම් කිරී‌මෙන් ජීවත් වූ අතර, ඔවුන්‌ගේ මුලීක ප්‍රවනතාවය වූ‌යේ ‌ගොනා දඩයම් කිරීම ය. ‌ගොනා ගිරි ආශ්‍රිත ව වාසය කළ නිසා වැද්දන් ද ගිරි‌ලෙන් ආශ්‍රිත දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙතකට හුරු වන්නට ඇති බව ‌බො‌හෝ විද්‍යාර්ථයින් විශ්වාස තරති. ‌මෙයට අමතර ව, ඔවුන් ඵල-අල ආහාරයට ගනිමින් ද, වන මී රැස්වන කාලයට මී කැඩි‌මෙන් ද දිවි ‌පෙ‌‌වෙත සරි කර ගත් හ. වැද්දන් ආහාර පුළුස්සා ගැනීම කරන අතර, අලවර්ග ‌‌බො‌හෝවිට උණු අළුපල්‌ලේ ලා තම්බා ගැනීම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. දඩයම් කිරීම හා ආහාර අනුභවය කණ්ඩායමක් වශ‌යෙන් එකට ම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. වැඩිපුර ඇති ආහාර ද්‍රව්‍ය හිඟ කාලයන් සඳහා කල් තබා ගැනීමට මස් වර්ග වියලීම (හෙවත් කරවල කිරීම), එල්ලා දුම්ගැස්ස වීම ‌හෝ මීපැනිවල බහා තැබීම වැනි ක්‍රියාවන් කළ හ. '''රෑ‌‌හේ නායකයා''' වැදි‌ගෝත්‍රය සංවිධානය වන්නේ 'නායකයෙකු' වටා ය. එ‌හෙයින් විවිධ වූ වැදිජනප්‍රජාවන් සඳහා නායක‌යෝ සිටිය හ. එ‌හෙත් පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් වැදි ජනතාව‌ගේ ප්‍රාමාණාත්මක අඩුවීම නිසා සහ ආණ්ඩුව විසින් ඔවුන් වසන ප්‍ර‌දේශ පාලනය නායකයන්ගේ පැවැත්ම ක්‍රමයෙන් නැති ව ගි‌යේ ය. වැදි ප්‍රජා‌වේ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන නායක‌යෙක් ‌‌ලෙස මෑත යුග‌යේ සිටි‌යේ දඹා‌නේ මහාවන්නියලැත්‌‌තෝ ‌හෙවත් තිසාහාමිලැත්‌තෝ ය. [[image:Vaddas meeting.jpg|thumb|right|150px| පිටස්තරයන් හමූ වූ ‌මො‌හොතක්...(1887)]] ===පවුල් දිවිය=== වැදි ජනයා අතර [[ඥාතීත්වය]] සහ ඔවුන්ට ආමන්ත්‍රණය සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජාව ‌මෙන් ‌‌වෙයි. අප්පිලැත්‌තෝ (පියා), අම්මිලැත්‌තෝ (මව), ආදි වශ‌යෙන් 'ලැත්‌තෝ' යන පාඨය ඥාතිතවයට පසුව ‌යෙදී‌මෙන් ඔවුහු ආමන්ත්‍රණය තනා ගනිති. බිරිද(කුඩ්‌පෙත්ත)ට ‌බො‌හෝ විට, 'නංගිලැත්‌තෝ' යන ‌යෙඳුම ‌යොදනු‌යේ, වැදිජනප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ඇති බෑණා සහ නැනා (ඇවැස්ස හුරා-නෑනා) විවාහයන් නිසා‌වෙන් ය. සිංහල සමාජ‌යේ ‌මෙන් ම, විවාහ සහ ලිංගික සම්බන්ධතා සම්බන්ධ‌යෙන් විවිධ වූ තහංචි පැන වී තිබිණි. නිදසුනක් ‌ලෙස, මාමා සහ නෑනැ අතර, බෑණා සහ නැන්දා අතර ‌මෙන් ම, මවු-පිය පාර්ෂව‌යේ ස‌හෝදරයන් ‌හෝ වියපත් ස‌හෝදර ස‌හෝදරියන් අතරත් විවාහයන් තහනම් විණ. එ‌හෙත් මරණයක දී, මළ ස‌හෝදරිය ‌හෝ ස‌හෝදරයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් සැමියා ‌හෝ බිරිය එකී පවු‌ලේ තව ස‌හෝදරියක් ‌හෝ ස‌හොදරයෙක් විවාහ කර ගැනීම සිඳු විම නිසා, නැවතත් දරුවන් හට ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබිණ. '''පවුල් සම්බන්ධතා''' අඹු-සැමි දිවිය අගය කළ වැදි ජනයා අතර, සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ලැ‌බෙන බහුභාර්යා ‌සේවනය ‌හෝ බහු පුරුෂ ‌සේවනය තබා, පරදාර ‌සේවනය වත් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. විවාහ‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනයා ස්වකීය භාර්යාවන්ට මනා ‌සේ ඇළුම් කළ අතර, එකි‌නෙකාට විශ්වාසවන්ත ‌ලෙස ද ජීවත් විය. එ‌හෙයින් වි‌දේශිය මිශනාරිවරුන් විසින් ‌කෙවල විවහා කුමය ලංකාවට හඳුන්වා දීමට පෙර සිට ම, වැද්දන් අතර ‌කේවල විවාහ ක්‍රමය තිබූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌රේ ගැහැණිය හට මනා ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබුණු අතර, ඇය පවු‌ලේ පළමු ‌කොට, ආහාර‌යෙන් ‌කොටස භුක්ති වින්ද හ. ‌මෙයින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්නේ කාන්තාව වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌‌රේ ‌ගෞවරවයට පාත්‍ර වූ බවකි. '''විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන්''' වැදි දරු‌වෝ කල් ‌නොයවා ස්වකීය නෑන-හුරා විවාහයන්ට ඇතුළු ‌වෙති. ඔවුන් අතර ස‌හෝදර ස‌හොදරි ව්‍යවාහයන් ‌හෝ විවාහයට ‌පෙර ලිංගිත සම්බන්ධතාවන් සිදු ‌නො‌වේ. විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන් ‌බො‌හෝ ‌සේ ලුහුඩු ය; සරල ය. තරුණ වැදි ‌කොළු‌වෙකු හිතගිය තරුණි‌ය‌ගේ ‌පියාගේ ගෙට පැණි මුලක් හා මස් රැ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ‌යොජනාව පියාට පවසන අතර, පියා විසින් ඇයට නියඳ පට්ටාවලින් ඇඹරූ රෑනක් ‌ගෙන ඔහු‌ගේ ඉණ වටා බඳිනු ලැ‌බේ. එතැන් සිට ‌‌දෙ‌දෙනා අඹු-සැමි‌යෝ ‌වෙති. ඒ රෑණ දිරා ගිය කල්හි, අලුත් නියඳ රෑණක් අඹරා බැඳී‌මේ කාර්යය භාර්ය්‍යාව සතු ‌වෙයි. සාමාන්‍ය‌යෙන් මාමලැත්‌තෝ විසින් බඹර වද ඇති තැනක් පවරා දීමත්, දඩ බල්ලන් සහ දුනු ඊතල දීමත් කරන ලදි. සමහර අවස්ථාවලදි මනමාලයා විසින් මනමාලියට ‌රෙදිපිලි දීම පසුකාලින ව ඇති වූ සිරිකත් බව ‌පෙනේ. විවාහ‌යෙන් පසුව බෑනා මාමා‌ගේ රෑණට එකතුවී, දඩයමට සහයවීම සිඳු ‌වෙයි. එබැවින් වැදි ජනයා අත‌රේ පිරිමි දරුවන්ට වඩා ගැහැණු දරැවන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි ඇල්මක් ඇත. '''දරුදැරි‌යෝ''' විවාහ‌යෙන් පසු, දරු ගැබක් පහළ වූ පසු, වැදි ජනයා අතර ආරක්ෂාවන් සඳහා විවිධ [[අභිචාර]] විධී භාවිතා කරයි. පුරාණ‌යෙදී 'පට්ටා යකා' පූජාවක් කරමින් ගැබ් ආරක්ෂා කළ බව ප්‍රකට ය. ප්‍රසූතිය ගල්‌ලෙනක ‌හෝ පැ‌ලේදී සිඳු විණ. ප්‍රසූති‌යෙන් පසු ව විවිධ මස්-මාශ වර්ග අනුභවය නුසුදුසුයයි පිළි ගැනීමක් විණ. එ‌සේ ම කිරී එරීම සඳහා ම ‌යොග්‍යයයි පිළිගත් අලවර්ග ආහාරයට දීම කරන ලදි. දරුවා හට මසක් තුළ නමක් දුන් අතර, යකුන්‌ගේ ‌දොස් වලින් ආරක්ෂා කර ගැනීමට දරුවා ‌බො‌හෝ විට හඳුන්වනු ලැබු‌වේ විවිධ වූ හුරතල් නම් වලිනි. ඔවුන්‌ගේ නියම නමින් හඳුවන්නට පටන් ගන්‌නේ දරුවා වැඩුණු පසු ය. දරුවන් ‌ගේ වයස අවුරුදු හත පමණ වනතුරැත් ඔවුන් නිර්වස්ත්‍රව සිටිති. වයස අවුරුදු දහය-දො‌ළොහ පමණ වය‌සේ දී දරුවන් විසින් ගල්දුනු භාවිත‌යෙන් කුරුල්ලන් සහ කුඩා සතුන් දඩයම් කරති. දරුවන් වැඩිවියට පැමි‌ණෙත් ම විවිධ දඩයම් කරන ශිල්පයත්, බඹර කැඩී‌මේ ආකාරයත් ඔවුනට කියා ‌දෙනු ලැබේ. ‌මෙ‌සේ වැඩුණු පිරිමි දරුවන් දඩයම් සහ බඹර කැඩී‌මේ දී හවුල් කර ගන්‌නේ එකී කුසලතා වර්ධනය කිරීමට ය. වැදි දැරිවිය මල්වර වූ විට, ඇය [[නුග]] ගසක් ‌වෙතට ‌‌ගොස් ගල් කැටවලින් එයට ගැසීමත්, එය කන වැකුණු මව වතුර කළයක් ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ඇය නහවා, හිසිට පසුපසින් එය බිමට වැටී බිඳී සියලු ‌දොස් දුරු කිරීම හැර ‌වෙනත් වි‌ශේෂිත ‌[[කොටහළු සිරිත්]] නැත. පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් සිංහල මල්වර සිරිත් වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වීම නිසා, මල්වර දැරිය කිළි පැලක වැඩිමහළු කාන්තාවක් හා තැබීම හා ඒ ආශ්‍රිත අභිචාර විධි කිරීම දැන් අපට අසන්නට දක්නිනට ඇත. මරණය වැද්දන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි භිය උපදවන අවස්ථාවකි. එවැන් විට ඔවුහු ගල්‌ලෙන් අතැර යති. එ‌සේ කරනු‌යේ, මළ පුද්ගලයන් ඔවුන් හඹා එනු ඇතයි බි‌යෙනි. වැද්දන් විශ්වාස කරන පරිදි, මරණ‌යෙන් පසු ස්වකිය ඥාතියා නෑ ය‌කෙකු කිරීමට, දින කිහිපයක් මළ පුද්ගලයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් පුද පූජා පවත්වති. '''බාහිර සම්බන්ධතා''' ‌රොබට් ‌‌‌නොක්ස් පවසන පරිදි, ඔවුන් මුව දඩය‌මෙහි සහ දුම් ගැස්සවීම් කිරීම් තුළින් වියලා ගැනීම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. සිංහල මිනිස්සු දඩමස් ලබා ගැනීමට වැද්දන් ‌වෙත පැමිණිය හ. රජු‌ගේ කෑම ‌මේසයට සඩමස් සැපයීම කාර්‌යේ ද නිරිත විය. ඒවාට අමතර ව, රජු හට ඇත්දළ සැපයීම ද, මී පැණි සහ මී ඉටි සැපයීම ද කරන ලදි. රජු ද ඔවුන්ට ප්‍රත්‍යුපකාර වශ‌යෙන් වැද්දන් හට ‌රෙදිපිළි සහ ඊතල ආදිය දුන්‌නේ ය. ‌රොබට් ‌නොක්ස්‌ගේ වාර්තාවට අනුව වැද්‌දෝ වරක් රජුට එ‌රෙහිව පැමිණි යුද්ධවලදී සටන් කළ හ. එ‌සේම, ඔවුහු ඔවුන්ට අයිති ප්‍ර‌දේශ ආරක්ෂා කරමින් රජුට ද වක්‍රාකාර ව ආරක්ෂාව සපයන ලදී. ===වැදි බස=== වැදිභාෂාව ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් කළ පර්‌යේෂණයන් ඇසුරින් විලියම් ගයිගර් වියතාණන් දක්වන්‌නේ, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ඇ‌බොරජිනි වැනි ‌‌ගෝත්‍රික ප්‍රජාවක් බවත්, දකුණු ඉන්දියා‌වේ ‌පෞරාණික ‌ගෝත්‍රයන්ට නෑ සබදතාවක් දක්වන ඇති බවත් ය. [[ආරියන්]] සංක්‍රමණයන්ට ‌පෙර පටන් ඔවුහු ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ විසූ ආදිවාසින් වූ අතර, අනාර්ය භාෂාවක් කතා කළ බවකි (Indian Historical Quartely, XI. pp. 515-516). වැද්දන් විසින් වනාතර‌යේ දඩයමට යන අතර භාවිතා කළ රහස් බසක් වශ‌යෙන් ඔවුන්‌ගේ භාෂාව වර්ධනය වන්නට ඇත. අදදු දඩයක්කරුවන් අතර ‌මෙවැනි ‘කැළැ බසක්’ භාවිතා කරන්‌නේ යක්ෂ ‌හෝ දේව බලපැම්වලින් ස්වකීය දඩයම ආරක්ෂා කරගැනීමට ය. මූලීක වශ‌යෙන් [[ආදිවැසියන්]] ‌ලෙස වර්ධනය වූ වැද්දන්‌ගේ අනාර්ය බස ක්‍රම‌යෙන් [[ආර්යන්]]ගේ පැමිණිම හා සිංහල භාෂාව හා සම්මිශ්‍රණය වි‌මෙන් දැන් භාවිතා කරන ආකෘතියට පරිවර්තනය වන්නට ඇත. ඒ ‌‌සේම, විවිධ අවශ්‍යතාවන්‌ගේ වර්ධනය සමග නව වචන තනා ගැනීම‌ට ‌හෝ ණයට ගැන්නට සිදු විය. ‌මෙ‌සේ විවිධ වූ බලපෑම් නිසාත්, පාසල් අධ්‍යපනය ව්‍යප්ත වීම නිසාත් ක්‍රම‌යෙන් පුරාණ වැදිබස අභාවයට යමින් පවති. ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. වැද්දන්ගේ ඇදහිලි රටාව මළ ඥාති වන්දනාවකි (Obesekera, 'G. Sinhal religion.' In M. Eliade ed. ''The encylopedia of religion, Vol 13.'' New York: Macmillan, 1987.). ===විශ්වාස=== වෑද්දන්‌ගේ විශ්වාසයන් සංකිර්ණ ය. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් නෑ යකුන් ඇදහිම, විවිධ ‌වෙනත් යක්කු සහ ‌දෙවිවරුන් ඇදහම හා ‌බෞද්ධ පුදපූජාවන් ‌මේවාට ඇතුලත් ‌වෙති. ‌‌බොහෝවිට යාදිනි සහ කිරි‌කොරහ වැනි අබිචාරයන් මගින් සශ්‍රීකත්වය උ‌දෙසා කටයුතු කරයි. ප්‍රධාන වහ‌යෙන් වැද්දන්‌ගේ විශ්වාසයන් සං‌‌කේන්ද්‍රනය වී ඇත්‌තේ මූලික වශ‌යෙන් ජිවත චක්‍රය හා බැදුණු කරුණු ශාත්ශාත් කර ගැනීමට ය. ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ජිවිත චක්‍රය අළලා බැඳුණු අභිචාර විධි පහත දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ: {| class="wikitable" ප්‍රධාන යක්කු |- !අරමුණු!!අභිචාරවිධි!!අදාළ ඇදහිම් |- |දරුවන් ලබා ගැනීමට/සශ්‍රිකත්වය || හැත්‌මේ නැටුම || ඇ‌ලේ/ග‌ලේ යක්කු |- |ගැබ්බර ස්ත්‍රීන්‌ගේ ආරක්ෂාව||පට්ට යකා පූජාව||පට්ට යකා |- |දරුවන්ට ආරක්ෂාව||කිරිඅම්මා පූජා||කිරිඅම්මාවරු |- |ආරක්ෂාව||ඊත‌ලේ නැටුම||කන්‌දේ යකා |- |‌රෝග නිවාරණය||දො‌ළේ යක් පූජාව||‌දො‌ළේයකා |- |‌රෝග නිවාරණය||පට්ටයකා පූජාව||පට්ටයකා |- |‌ලෙඩ නිවාරණය||දම්මඩුව||මරලූ යක්කු |- |} ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== ජාන විද්‍යාත්මක පර්‌යේෂණයන් තුළින් තහවුරු වී ඇත්‌තේ උතුරු ඉන්දියානු ආර්ය සංක්‍රමණයට ‌පෙර විසු ප්‍රග්-ආර්ය ජනතාව හා සම්බන්ධතාවක් ඇති බව ය. කලාන්තරයක් තිස්‌සේ සිංහල හා දෙමළ ජනතාව අත‌රේ වාසය කළ වැද්දන් එකී ජනසමාජයන්ට ක්‍රම‌යෙන් සම්මිශ්‍රණය විය. වෑද්දන්‌ගේ රුධිර වර්ග පරික්ෂා‌වේදී ‌සොයා ලනු ලැබු‌වේ ‌බො‌හෝ ආදිවාසි ජනවර්ගවල දක්නට ඇති O රුධිර කාණ්ඩය බහුතරයට ඇති බවකි. එ‌සේ ම ස්වල්ප ජන ‌කොට්ඨාශයක A රුධිර ගණය දක්නට තිබූ අතර, ඔවුන් අතර‌වෙනත් රුධිර කාණ්ඩයන් දක්නට නැත (The Blood Groups and Haemoglobins of the Veddahs of Ceylon R. L. Wickremasinghe, Elizabeth W. Ikin, A. E. Mourant, H. Lehmann Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol. 93, No. 1 (Jan. - Jun., 1963) , pp. 117-125). අද සිංහලයන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත ව ඇති පවුල් කිහිපයක් ස්වකීය සම්භවය වැදිජන ප්‍රජාව ආශ්‍රය ‌‌කොට සිදුවිණයි ආඩම්බර‌යේ සඳහන් කරති. == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ද සිල්වා, එම්. ඩබ්. සුගතපාල, ''දඹා‌නේ වැදි බස '' ‌කොළඹ: සරසවි ප්‍රකාශ‌යෝ, 1964. ඉංග්‍රිසි මූලාශ්‍ර Seligmann, C.G. ''The Vaddahs of Ceylon.'' Cambribge Archaeological and Ethnological Series, Macmillan & Co., 1906. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ජන සමාජය]] [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] 5603 2006-06-10T03:48:48Z Ravincaldera 100 ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. [[image:Ceylon Native Village.jpg|thumb|right|350px| ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ වැදි පවුලක් (1910)]] ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරුවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ: මහා වංශ‌යේ සඳහන් වන පරිදි, [[විජය කුමරු]]වා කු‌වේණිය හා දරුවන් අතහැර දමා, විවහාය සඳහා රාජ කන්‍යවක් ඉන්දියා‌වෙන් ‌ගෙ‌නෙන ලදි. එහි දී [[කු‌වේණිය]] නැවත [[ලංකාපුර‌]]යෙහි ස්වකීය [[යක්ෂ]] ප්‍රජාව ‌වෙත හරවා යවන අතර, එහි දී ඇති වූ දබරයක දී ඇය මරණයට පත්වන්ණි ය. ඇය‌ගේ බාල ‌සො‌හොයුරා පැමිණ දරුවන් හට පලා යමට පවසයි. ඔවුන් සමන්-කුළ ([[සම‌නොළ කන්ද]])ට ‌ගොස් ‌ නැගණී දෙටු ‌සොයුරා හා වාසය ‌කොට, [[මලයා රට]] හෙවත් කදුකර ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජන ප්‍රජාවක් බිහි කළ අතර, ඔවුන් පුලින්දා ‌ලෙස දක්වා ඇත ([[මහාවංශය]] පරි. 7.59-68). පුලින්දන් පිළිබඳ ව සටහනක් තබන ගයිගර් තුමා පවසන්‌නේ, ඔවුන් ‌මේ‌‌ලේජ්‍ය ‌ගෝත්‍රික ප්‍රජාවක් වන්නට ඇති බවත්, පසුව වැද්දන් බවට හඳුන්වන්නට ඇති බවත් ය. ‌‌කොළඹ, කළුතර සහ ගාල්ල ආශ්‍රිත ප්‍රදේශ‌යේ සිට කදුකරය දක්වා ප්‍ර‌දේශය ‘සබරගමුව’ ‌ලෙසින් හදුන්වන අතර, එය ව්‍යුත්පන්න වන්නට ඇත්‌තේ ‘පුලින්ද’ යන්නට සමාන පදයක් වන [[සංස්කෘත]] ‘සබර,’ [[පාලි]] ‘සවර’ ‌මගින් ය. ‌උක්ත නිගමනයට අනුව ම යමින් ශ්‍රී සුමංගල හිමියන් හා බටුවන්තුඩා‌වේ ‌දේවරක්ෂිත පඬිවරයාණන් ඔවුන්‌ගේ [[මහාවංශ]] පරිවර්ත‌යේ ‘පුලින්ද’ වදන ‘වැද්දන්’ වශ‌යෙන් ඍජුව ම දක්වා ඇත. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ [[විජයාගමනයට]] ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්සන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌[[ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ්]] ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිවැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ '[[වන්නියලෑත්තන්]]' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. [[සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌ත]]හි ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌[[හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන්]] ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== වැදිසමාජය තුළ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන ධුරාවලියක් දක්නට නැති තරම් ය. ‌බො‌හෝ විට වැදි රැළක් වැදිනායකයකු යට‌තේ පාලනය විය. ආදිවාසි ජන ප්‍රජාවන්හි දක්නට ඇති ආකාර‌යේ, ‌ගෝත්‍ර අතර ‌වෛරයක් ‌හෝ ‌ගෝත්‍ර සටන් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. එක ම ප්‍ර‌දේශයක වරිග කිහිපයක වැදිජන ප්‍රජාවන් සමාදාන‌යෙන් ජීවත් වුව ද, ප්‍ර‌දේශයට ඇතුල්වීමේ දී විවිධ තහංචි ඔවුනොවුන් අතර විණ. සමහර වැදි වරිග‌යෝ ගඟක් ‌හෝ කැළැ ‌පෙ‌දෙසක් හරහා ‌වෙනත් ප්‍ර‌දේශයන් වලට සංක්‍රමණය වූ හ. ‌මෙ‌සේ ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යෙන් ප්‍ර‌දේශයට වැදි ප්‍රජාවන්‌ගේ ව්‍යාප්තවීම සිඳු වි ය. ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. සී. ජී. සෙල්ග්මාන්ට අනුව වැද්දන්‌‌ගේ වරිග ‌බෙදීම ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් ස්වකීය ‌ගෝත්‍ර‌යෙන් පිට විවහා වීම ‌හෙවත් [[බහිර්‌වෛවාහික]] සහ මාතෘ පාර්ෂව මූලීක, ඌරා සහ ‌මොනරා ආශ්‍රීත ගෝත්‍ර විහ්න ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් ‌ගොඩ නැගුනක් බව ය (C. G. Seligmann, The Vaddas, 1911, p.30). භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===දිවි‌පෙ‌වෙත=== මුල් කාල‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනප්‍රජාව ගල්‌ලෙන් ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ අතර, පසුව පැල්පත් ආශ්‍රීත ගම්මාන කරා සංක්‍රමණය වන්නට ඇත. [[image:gathering honey.jpg|thumb|left|150px|බඹර පැණි එකතු කරන අනතුරුදායක අවස්ථාවක් (1887)]] ඒවා වැදි ‌කොරටු ‌ලෙසින් හැඳින් වූ අතර, වරින් වර, ආහාර ‌සොයා ගත හැකි පමණට කොරටු‌වෙන් ‌කොරටුවට වැදි ප්‍රජාව සංක්‍රමණය වී‌මේ සිරිතක් විය. පසුකාලීනව ඇති වූ ගම්වැද්‌දෝ ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් හේන් ‌ගොවිතැන ඇසුරු ‌‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුදු, ඔවුන්‌ගේ සාම්ප්‍රදායික දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙත සම්පුර්ණ‌යෙන් ම අත් ‌නොහැරිය හ. වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් දඩයම් කිරී‌මෙන් ජීවත් වූ අතර, ඔවුන්‌ගේ මුලීක ප්‍රවනතාවය වූ‌යේ ‌ගොනා දඩයම් කිරීම ය. ‌ගොනා ගිරි ආශ්‍රිත ව වාසය කළ නිසා වැද්දන් ද ගිරි‌ලෙන් ආශ්‍රිත දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙතකට හුරු වන්නට ඇති බව ‌බො‌හෝ විද්‍යාර්ථයින් විශ්වාස තරති. ‌මෙයට අමතර ව, ඔවුන් ඵල-අල ආහාරයට ගනිමින් ද, වන මී රැස්වන කාලයට මී කැඩි‌මෙන් ද දිවි ‌පෙ‌‌වෙත සරි කර ගත් හ. වැද්දන් ආහාර පුළුස්සා ගැනීම කරන අතර, අලවර්ග ‌‌බො‌හෝවිට උණු අළුපල්‌ලේ ලා තම්බා ගැනීම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. දඩයම් කිරීම හා ආහාර අනුභවය කණ්ඩායමක් වශ‌යෙන් එකට ම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. වැඩිපුර ඇති ආහාර ද්‍රව්‍ය හිඟ කාලයන් සඳහා කල් තබා ගැනීමට මස් වර්ග වියලීම (හෙවත් කරවල කිරීම), එල්ලා දුම්ගැස්ස වීම ‌හෝ මීපැනිවල බහා තැබීම වැනි ක්‍රියාවන් කළ හ. '''රෑ‌‌හේ නායකයා''' වැදි‌ගෝත්‍රය සංවිධානය වන්නේ 'නායකයෙකු' වටා ය. එ‌හෙයින් විවිධ වූ වැදිජනප්‍රජාවන් සඳහා නායක‌යෝ සිටිය හ. එ‌හෙත් පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් වැදි ජනතාව‌ගේ ප්‍රාමාණාත්මක අඩුවීම නිසා සහ ආණ්ඩුව විසින් ඔවුන් වසන ප්‍ර‌දේශ පාලනය නායකයන්ගේ පැවැත්ම ක්‍රමයෙන් නැති ව ගි‌යේ ය. වැදි ප්‍රජා‌වේ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන නායක‌යෙක් ‌‌ලෙස මෑත යුග‌යේ සිටි‌යේ දඹා‌නේ මහාවන්නියලැත්‌‌තෝ ‌හෙවත් තිසාහාමිලැත්‌තෝ ය. [[image:Vaddas meeting.jpg|thumb|right|150px| පිටස්තරයන් හමූ වූ ‌මො‌හොතක්...(1887)]] ===පවුල් දිවිය=== වැදි ජනයා අතර [[ඥාතීත්වය]] සහ ඔවුන්ට ආමන්ත්‍රණය සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජාව ‌මෙන් ‌‌වෙයි. අප්පිලැත්‌තෝ (පියා), අම්මිලැත්‌තෝ (මව), ආදි වශ‌යෙන් 'ලැත්‌තෝ' යන පාඨය ඥාතිතවයට පසුව ‌යෙදී‌මෙන් ඔවුහු ආමන්ත්‍රණය තනා ගනිති. බිරිද(කුඩ්‌පෙත්ත)ට ‌බො‌හෝ විට, 'නංගිලැත්‌තෝ' යන ‌යෙඳුම ‌යොදනු‌යේ, වැදිජනප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ඇති බෑණා සහ නැනා (ඇවැස්ස හුරා-නෑනා) විවාහයන් නිසා‌වෙන් ය. සිංහල සමාජ‌යේ ‌මෙන් ම, විවාහ සහ ලිංගික සම්බන්ධතා සම්බන්ධ‌යෙන් විවිධ වූ තහංචි පැන වී තිබිණි. නිදසුනක් ‌ලෙස, මාමා සහ නෑනැ අතර, බෑණා සහ නැන්දා අතර ‌මෙන් ම, මවු-පිය පාර්ෂව‌යේ ස‌හෝදරයන් ‌හෝ වියපත් ස‌හෝදර ස‌හෝදරියන් අතරත් විවාහයන් තහනම් විණ. එ‌හෙත් මරණයක දී, මළ ස‌හෝදරිය ‌හෝ ස‌හෝදරයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් සැමියා ‌හෝ බිරිය එකී පවු‌ලේ තව ස‌හෝදරියක් ‌හෝ ස‌හොදරයෙක් විවාහ කර ගැනීම සිඳු විම නිසා, නැවතත් දරුවන් හට ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබිණ. '''පවුල් සම්බන්ධතා''' අඹු-සැමි දිවිය අගය කළ වැදි ජනයා අතර, සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ලැ‌බෙන බහුභාර්යා ‌සේවනය ‌හෝ බහු පුරුෂ ‌සේවනය තබා, පරදාර ‌සේවනය වත් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. විවාහ‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනයා ස්වකීය භාර්යාවන්ට මනා ‌සේ ඇළුම් කළ අතර, එකි‌නෙකාට විශ්වාසවන්ත ‌ලෙස ද ජීවත් විය. එ‌හෙයින් වි‌දේශිය මිශනාරිවරුන් විසින් ‌කෙවල විවහා කුමය ලංකාවට හඳුන්වා දීමට පෙර සිට ම, වැද්දන් අතර ‌කේවල විවාහ ක්‍රමය තිබූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌රේ ගැහැණිය හට මනා ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබුණු අතර, ඇය පවු‌ලේ පළමු ‌කොට, ආහාර‌යෙන් ‌කොටස භුක්ති වින්ද හ. ‌මෙයින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්නේ කාන්තාව වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌‌රේ ‌ගෞවරවයට පාත්‍ර වූ බවකි. '''විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන්''' වැදි දරු‌වෝ කල් ‌නොයවා ස්වකීය නෑන-හුරා විවාහයන්ට ඇතුළු ‌වෙති. ඔවුන් අතර ස‌හෝදර ස‌හොදරි ව්‍යවාහයන් ‌හෝ විවාහයට ‌පෙර ලිංගිත සම්බන්ධතාවන් සිදු ‌නො‌වේ. විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන් ‌බො‌හෝ ‌සේ ලුහුඩු ය; සරල ය. තරුණ වැදි ‌කොළු‌වෙකු හිතගිය තරුණි‌ය‌ගේ ‌පියාගේ ගෙට පැණි මුලක් හා මස් රැ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ‌යොජනාව පියාට පවසන අතර, පියා විසින් ඇයට නියඳ පට්ටාවලින් ඇඹරූ රෑනක් ‌ගෙන ඔහු‌ගේ ඉණ වටා බඳිනු ලැ‌බේ. එතැන් සිට ‌‌දෙ‌දෙනා අඹු-සැමි‌යෝ ‌වෙති. ඒ රෑණ දිරා ගිය කල්හි, අලුත් නියඳ රෑණක් අඹරා බැඳී‌මේ කාර්යය භාර්ය්‍යාව සතු ‌වෙයි. සාමාන්‍ය‌යෙන් මාමලැත්‌තෝ විසින් බඹර වද ඇති තැනක් පවරා දීමත්, දඩ බල්ලන් සහ දුනු ඊතල දීමත් කරන ලදි. සමහර අවස්ථාවලදි මනමාලයා විසින් මනමාලියට ‌රෙදිපිලි දීම පසුකාලින ව ඇති වූ සිරිකත් බව ‌පෙනේ. විවාහ‌යෙන් පසුව බෑනා මාමා‌ගේ රෑණට එකතුවී, දඩයමට සහයවීම සිඳු ‌වෙයි. එබැවින් වැදි ජනයා අත‌රේ පිරිමි දරුවන්ට වඩා ගැහැණු දරැවන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි ඇල්මක් ඇත. '''දරුදැරි‌යෝ''' විවාහ‌යෙන් පසු, දරු ගැබක් පහළ වූ පසු, වැදි ජනයා අතර ආරක්ෂාවන් සඳහා විවිධ [[අභිචාර]] විධී භාවිතා කරයි. පුරාණ‌යෙදී 'පට්ටා යකා' පූජාවක් කරමින් ගැබ් ආරක්ෂා කළ බව ප්‍රකට ය. ප්‍රසූතිය ගල්‌ලෙනක ‌හෝ පැ‌ලේදී සිඳු විණ. ප්‍රසූති‌යෙන් පසු ව විවිධ මස්-මාශ වර්ග අනුභවය නුසුදුසුයයි පිළි ගැනීමක් විණ. එ‌සේ ම කිරී එරීම සඳහා ම ‌යොග්‍යයයි පිළිගත් අලවර්ග ආහාරයට දීම කරන ලදි. දරුවා හට මසක් තුළ නමක් දුන් අතර, යකුන්‌ගේ ‌දොස් වලින් ආරක්ෂා කර ගැනීමට දරුවා ‌බො‌හෝ විට හඳුන්වනු ලැබු‌වේ විවිධ වූ හුරතල් නම් වලිනි. ඔවුන්‌ගේ නියම නමින් හඳුවන්නට පටන් ගන්‌නේ දරුවා වැඩුණු පසු ය. දරුවන් ‌ගේ වයස අවුරුදු හත පමණ වනතුරැත් ඔවුන් නිර්වස්ත්‍රව සිටිති. වයස අවුරුදු දහය-දො‌ළොහ පමණ වය‌සේ දී දරුවන් විසින් ගල්දුනු භාවිත‌යෙන් කුරුල්ලන් සහ කුඩා සතුන් දඩයම් කරති. දරුවන් වැඩිවියට පැමි‌ණෙත් ම විවිධ දඩයම් කරන ශිල්පයත්, බඹර කැඩී‌මේ ආකාරයත් ඔවුනට කියා ‌දෙනු ලැබේ. ‌මෙ‌සේ වැඩුණු පිරිමි දරුවන් දඩයම් සහ බඹර කැඩී‌මේ දී හවුල් කර ගන්‌නේ එකී කුසලතා වර්ධනය කිරීමට ය. වැදි දැරිවිය මල්වර වූ විට, ඇය [[නුග]] ගසක් ‌වෙතට ‌‌ගොස් ගල් කැටවලින් එයට ගැසීමත්, එය කන වැකුණු මව වතුර කළයක් ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ඇය නහවා, හිසිට පසුපසින් එය බිමට වැටී බිඳී සියලු ‌දොස් දුරු කිරීම හැර ‌වෙනත් වි‌ශේෂිත ‌[[කොටහළු සිරිත්]] නැත. පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් සිංහල මල්වර සිරිත් වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වීම නිසා, මල්වර දැරිය කිළි පැලක වැඩිමහළු කාන්තාවක් හා තැබීම හා ඒ ආශ්‍රිත අභිචාර විධි කිරීම දැන් අපට අසන්නට දක්නිනට ඇත. මරණය වැද්දන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි භිය උපදවන අවස්ථාවකි. එවැන් විට ඔවුහු ගල්‌ලෙන් අතැර යති. එ‌සේ කරනු‌යේ, මළ පුද්ගලයන් ඔවුන් හඹා එනු ඇතයි බි‌යෙනි. වැද්දන් විශ්වාස කරන පරිදි, මරණ‌යෙන් පසු ස්වකිය ඥාතියා නෑ ය‌කෙකු කිරීමට, දින කිහිපයක් මළ පුද්ගලයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් පුද පූජා පවත්වති. '''බාහිර සම්බන්ධතා''' ‌රොබට් ‌‌‌නොක්ස් පවසන පරිදි, ඔවුන් මුව දඩය‌මෙහි සහ දුම් ගැස්සවීම් කිරීම් තුළින් වියලා ගැනීම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. සිංහල මිනිස්සු දඩමස් ලබා ගැනීමට වැද්දන් ‌වෙත පැමිණිය හ. රජු‌ගේ කෑම ‌මේසයට සඩමස් සැපයීම කාර්‌යේ ද නිරිත විය. ඒවාට අමතර ව, රජු හට ඇත්දළ සැපයීම ද, මී පැණි සහ මී ඉටි සැපයීම ද කරන ලදි. රජු ද ඔවුන්ට ප්‍රත්‍යුපකාර වශ‌යෙන් වැද්දන් හට ‌රෙදිපිළි සහ ඊතල ආදිය දුන්‌නේ ය. ‌රොබට් ‌නොක්ස්‌ගේ වාර්තාවට අනුව වැද්‌දෝ වරක් රජුට එ‌රෙහිව පැමිණි යුද්ධවලදී සටන් කළ හ. එ‌සේම, ඔවුහු ඔවුන්ට අයිති ප්‍ර‌දේශ ආරක්ෂා කරමින් රජුට ද වක්‍රාකාර ව ආරක්ෂාව සපයන ලදී. ===වැදි බස=== වැදිභාෂාව ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් කළ පර්‌යේෂණයන් ඇසුරින් විලියම් ගයිගර් වියතාණන් දක්වන්‌නේ, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ඇ‌බොරජිනි වැනි ‌‌ගෝත්‍රික ප්‍රජාවක් බවත්, දකුණු ඉන්දියා‌වේ ‌පෞරාණික ‌ගෝත්‍රයන්ට නෑ සබදතාවක් දක්වන ඇති බවත් ය. [[ආරියන්]] සංක්‍රමණයන්ට ‌පෙර පටන් ඔවුහු ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ විසූ ආදිවාසින් වූ අතර, අනාර්ය භාෂාවක් කතා කළ බවකි (Indian Historical Quartely, XI. pp. 515-516). වැද්දන් විසින් වනාතර‌යේ දඩයමට යන අතර භාවිතා කළ රහස් බසක් වශ‌යෙන් ඔවුන්‌ගේ භාෂාව වර්ධනය වන්නට ඇත. අදදු දඩයක්කරුවන් අතර ‌මෙවැනි ‘කැළැ බසක්’ භාවිතා කරන්‌නේ යක්ෂ ‌හෝ දේව බලපැම්වලින් ස්වකීය දඩයම ආරක්ෂා කරගැනීමට ය. මූලීක වශ‌යෙන් [[ආදිවැසියන්]] ‌ලෙස වර්ධනය වූ වැද්දන්‌ගේ අනාර්ය බස ක්‍රම‌යෙන් [[ආර්යන්]]ගේ පැමිණිම හා සිංහල භාෂාව හා සම්මිශ්‍රණය වි‌මෙන් දැන් භාවිතා කරන ආකෘතියට පරිවර්තනය වන්නට ඇත. ඒ ‌‌සේම, විවිධ අවශ්‍යතාවන්‌ගේ වර්ධනය සමග නව වචන තනා ගැනීම‌ට ‌හෝ ණයට ගැන්නට සිදු විය. ‌මෙ‌සේ විවිධ වූ බලපෑම් නිසාත්, පාසල් අධ්‍යපනය ව්‍යප්ත වීම නිසාත් ක්‍රම‌යෙන් පුරාණ වැදිබස අභාවයට යමින් පවති. ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. වැද්දන්ගේ ඇදහිලි රටාව මළ ඥාති වන්දනාවකි (Obesekera, 'G. Sinhal religion.' In M. Eliade ed. ''The encylopedia of religion, Vol 13.'' New York: Macmillan, 1987.). ===විශ්වාස=== වෑද්දන්‌ගේ විශ්වාසයන් සංකිර්ණ ය. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් නෑ යකුන් ඇදහිම, විවිධ ‌වෙනත් යක්කු සහ ‌දෙවිවරුන් ඇදහම හා ‌බෞද්ධ පුදපූජාවන් ‌මේවාට ඇතුලත් ‌වෙති. ‌‌බොහෝවිට යාදිනි සහ කිරි‌කොරහ වැනි අබිචාරයන් මගින් සශ්‍රීකත්වය උ‌දෙසා කටයුතු කරයි. ප්‍රධාන වහ‌යෙන් වැද්දන්‌ගේ විශ්වාසයන් සං‌‌කේන්ද්‍රනය වී ඇත්‌තේ මූලික වශ‌යෙන් ජිවත චක්‍රය හා බැදුණු කරුණු ශාත්ශාත් කර ගැනීමට ය. ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ජිවිත චක්‍රය අළලා බැඳුණු අභිචාර විධි පහත දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ: {| class="wikitable" !ප්‍රධාන යක්කු ‌හෝ නෑයක්කු |- !අභිචාර විධි!!අදාළ වැදි ඇදහිලි!!අරමුණ |- |කිරි‌කොරහ ||කන්‌දේයකා/බිළිඳියකා/නෑයක්කු ||දඩයම්, මීපැණි සහ අස්වනු සඳහා |- | ඊත‌ලේ නැටුම|| ඊතලේයකා/කන්‌දේයකා || ආරක්ෂාව සඳහා |- |මස්යහන ||කන්‌දේයකා ||දඩයම්, පැණි, සහ පු‌ජොපහාර වශ‌යෙන් |- !යක්කු ‌හෝ ‌දෙවිවරු |- |හැත්‌මේ නැටුම ||ඇ‌ලේ/ග‌ලේ යක්කු ||දරුවන් ලබා ගැනීමට/සශ්‍රිකත්වය |- |පට්ට යකා පූජාව||පට්ට යකා ||ගැබ්බර ස්ත්‍රීන්‌ගේ ආරක්ෂාව, ‌රෝග නිවාරණය |- |කිරිඅම්මා පූජා ||කිරිඅම්මාවරු ||දරුවන්ට ආරක්ෂාව |- |ඊත‌ලේ නැටුම ||කන්‌දේ යකා ||ආරක්ෂාව |- |දො‌ළේ යක් පූජාව ||දො‌ළේයකා ||රෝග නිවාරණය |- |දම්මඩුව ||මරලූ යක්කු || ලෙඩ නිවාරණය |- | රහුයක් පූජාව ||රහුයකා ||පැණි අස්වනු, ‌රෝග නිවාරණය |- |වනගතයක් පූජාව ||වනගත යකා ||දඩයම් හා දඩයම් ආරක්ෂාව |- | රුවල පූජාව|| මිල්ලා‌නේයකා || දඩයම්, මීපැණි, ආරක්ෂාව, ‌රොග නිවාරණය |- |අවනපූජාව ||වැදි යක්කු/ඉදි‌ගොල්‌ලේයකා || දඩයම් දීමට පූ‌‌ජෝපහාර |- | ‌කොළම මඩුව||අලුත් යකා/‌දෙවි || ධාන්‍ය, දඩයම් හා සශ්‍රීකත්වය |- !අවසං‌යෝගික බාහිර යක්-දේව විශ්වාස |- | දම්මඩුව ||මරලු යක්කු ||අස්වනු, නියඟ හා ‌දේව‌ලෙඩ නිවාරණය |- |‌පේන බැලීම ||කිරිඅම්මා (පත්තිනි)/අඹරා‌පොති || හදිහූනියම්, ආරක්ෂාව |- |රීරි,කළු, ‌කොට,පුළුටු, ඔඩි යක්කු හා කාලි අම්මා පූජා ||භයංකරයක්කු ||හදිහුනියම්, එකී යකුන්‌ගේ ආරක්ෂාව |- | මින්‌නෙරිය දෙවිපූජා|| මින්‌නේරිය ‌දෙවි|| සශ්‍රීකත්වය හා ආරක්ෂාව |- | කතරගම දෙවිපූජා |‌|කතරගම ‌දෙවි|| සශ්‍රීත්වය හා ආරක්ෂාව |- | ගල්ලිරි බණ්ඩාර ‌දෙවිපූජා‌|| ගල්ලිරි බණ්ඩාර ‌දෙවි || සශ්‍රීකත්වය හා ආරක්ෂාව |- !‌‌අවසං‌යෝගික බෞද්ධ/හින්දු පුදපූජාවන් |- |මිහිදන් කිරීම ||‌බෞද්ධ ආකාරයට || මළගියවුන්ට පිං පැමිණවීම |- |දානදීම ||‌බෞද්ධ දානමාන ආකාරයට ||මළගියඥාතීන්ට පිං පැමිණවීම |- | මහියංගන ‌පෙරහැට එක්වීම||‌බෞද්ධ අභිචාර || කරදර විපත්දුරු කිරීම |- | කතරගම්යෑම හා ‌පෙරහැරට එක්වීම||හින්දු අභිචාර || ආශිර්වාදපතා |- |} ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== ජාන විද්‍යාත්මක පර්‌යේෂණයන් තුළින් තහවුරු වී ඇත්‌තේ උතුරු ඉන්දියානු ආර්ය සංක්‍රමණයට ‌පෙර විසු ප්‍රග්-ආර්ය ජනතාව හා සම්බන්ධතාවක් ඇති බව ය. කලාන්තරයක් තිස්‌සේ සිංහල හා දෙමළ ජනතාව අත‌රේ වාසය කළ වැද්දන් එකී ජනසමාජයන්ට ක්‍රම‌යෙන් සම්මිශ්‍රණය විය. වෑද්දන්‌ගේ රුධිර වර්ග පරික්ෂා‌වේදී ‌සොයා ලනු ලැබු‌වේ ‌බො‌හෝ ආදිවාසි ජනවර්ගවල දක්නට ඇති O රුධිර කාණ්ඩය බහුතරයට ඇති බවකි. එ‌සේ ම ස්වල්ප ජන ‌කොට්ඨාශයක A රුධිර ගණය දක්නට තිබූ අතර, ඔවුන් අතර‌වෙනත් රුධිර කාණ්ඩයන් දක්නට නැත (The Blood Groups and Haemoglobins of the Veddahs of Ceylon R. L. Wickremasinghe, Elizabeth W. Ikin, A. E. Mourant, H. Lehmann Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol. 93, No. 1 (Jan. - Jun., 1963) , pp. 117-125). අද සිංහලයන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත ව ඇති පවුල් කිහිපයක් ස්වකීය සම්භවය වැදිජන ප්‍රජාව ආශ්‍රය ‌‌කොට සිදුවිණයි ආඩම්බර‌යේ සඳහන් කරති. == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ද සිල්වා, එම්. ඩබ්. සුගතපාල, ''දඹා‌නේ වැදි බස '' ‌කොළඹ: සරසවි ප්‍රකාශ‌යෝ, 1964. ඉංග්‍රිසි මූලාශ්‍ර Seligmann, C.G. ''The Vaddahs of Ceylon.'' Cambribge Archaeological and Ethnological Series, Macmillan & Co., 1906. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ජන සමාජය]] [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] 5608 2006-06-10T06:19:29Z Ravincaldera 100 /* අභිචාරවිධි */ ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. [[image:Ceylon Native Village.jpg|thumb|right|350px| ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ වැදි පවුලක් (1910)]] ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරුවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ: මහා වංශ‌යේ සඳහන් වන පරිදි, [[විජය කුමරු]]වා කු‌වේණිය හා දරුවන් අතහැර දමා, විවහාය සඳහා රාජ කන්‍යවක් ඉන්දියා‌වෙන් ‌ගෙ‌නෙන ලදි. එහි දී [[කු‌වේණිය]] නැවත [[ලංකාපුර‌]]යෙහි ස්වකීය [[යක්ෂ]] ප්‍රජාව ‌වෙත හරවා යවන අතර, එහි දී ඇති වූ දබරයක දී ඇය මරණයට පත්වන්ණි ය. ඇය‌ගේ බාල ‌සො‌හොයුරා පැමිණ දරුවන් හට පලා යමට පවසයි. ඔවුන් සමන්-කුළ ([[සම‌නොළ කන්ද]])ට ‌ගොස් ‌ නැගණී දෙටු ‌සොයුරා හා වාසය ‌කොට, [[මලයා රට]] හෙවත් කදුකර ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජන ප්‍රජාවක් බිහි කළ අතර, ඔවුන් පුලින්දා ‌ලෙස දක්වා ඇත ([[මහාවංශය]] පරි. 7.59-68). පුලින්දන් පිළිබඳ ව සටහනක් තබන ගයිගර් තුමා පවසන්‌නේ, ඔවුන් ‌මේ‌‌ලේජ්‍ය ‌ගෝත්‍රික ප්‍රජාවක් වන්නට ඇති බවත්, පසුව වැද්දන් බවට හඳුන්වන්නට ඇති බවත් ය. ‌‌කොළඹ, කළුතර සහ ගාල්ල ආශ්‍රිත ප්‍රදේශ‌යේ සිට කදුකරය දක්වා ප්‍ර‌දේශය ‘සබරගමුව’ ‌ලෙසින් හදුන්වන අතර, එය ව්‍යුත්පන්න වන්නට ඇත්‌තේ ‘පුලින්ද’ යන්නට සමාන පදයක් වන [[සංස්කෘත]] ‘සබර,’ [[පාලි]] ‘සවර’ ‌මගින් ය. ‌උක්ත නිගමනයට අනුව ම යමින් ශ්‍රී සුමංගල හිමියන් හා බටුවන්තුඩා‌වේ ‌දේවරක්ෂිත පඬිවරයාණන් ඔවුන්‌ගේ [[මහාවංශ]] පරිවර්ත‌යේ ‘පුලින්ද’ වදන ‘වැද්දන්’ වශ‌යෙන් ඍජුව ම දක්වා ඇත. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ [[විජයාගමනයට]] ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්සන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌[[ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ්]] ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිවැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ '[[වන්නියලෑත්තන්]]' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. [[සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌ත]]හි ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌[[හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන්]] ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== වැදිසමාජය තුළ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන ධුරාවලියක් දක්නට නැති තරම් ය. ‌බො‌හෝ විට වැදි රැළක් වැදිනායකයකු යට‌තේ පාලනය විය. ආදිවාසි ජන ප්‍රජාවන්හි දක්නට ඇති ආකාර‌යේ, ‌ගෝත්‍ර අතර ‌වෛරයක් ‌හෝ ‌ගෝත්‍ර සටන් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. එක ම ප්‍ර‌දේශයක වරිග කිහිපයක වැදිජන ප්‍රජාවන් සමාදාන‌යෙන් ජීවත් වුව ද, ප්‍ර‌දේශයට ඇතුල්වීමේ දී විවිධ තහංචි ඔවුනොවුන් අතර විණ. සමහර වැදි වරිග‌යෝ ගඟක් ‌හෝ කැළැ ‌පෙ‌දෙසක් හරහා ‌වෙනත් ප්‍ර‌දේශයන් වලට සංක්‍රමණය වූ හ. ‌මෙ‌සේ ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යෙන් ප්‍ර‌දේශයට වැදි ප්‍රජාවන්‌ගේ ව්‍යාප්තවීම සිඳු වි ය. ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. සී. ජී. සෙල්ග්මාන්ට අනුව වැද්දන්‌‌ගේ වරිග ‌බෙදීම ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් ස්වකීය ‌ගෝත්‍ර‌යෙන් පිට විවහා වීම ‌හෙවත් [[බහිර්‌වෛවාහික]] සහ මාතෘ පාර්ෂව මූලීක, ඌරා සහ ‌මොනරා ආශ්‍රීත ගෝත්‍ර විහ්න ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් ‌ගොඩ නැගුනක් බව ය (C. G. Seligmann, The Vaddas, 1911, p.30). භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===දිවි‌පෙ‌වෙත=== මුල් කාල‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනප්‍රජාව ගල්‌ලෙන් ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ අතර, පසුව පැල්පත් ආශ්‍රීත ගම්මාන කරා සංක්‍රමණය වන්නට ඇත. [[image:gathering honey.jpg|thumb|left|150px|බඹර පැණි එකතු කරන අනතුරුදායක අවස්ථාවක් (1887)]] ඒවා වැදි ‌කොරටු ‌ලෙසින් හැඳින් වූ අතර, වරින් වර, ආහාර ‌සොයා ගත හැකි පමණට කොරටු‌වෙන් ‌කොරටුවට වැදි ප්‍රජාව සංක්‍රමණය වී‌මේ සිරිතක් විය. පසුකාලීනව ඇති වූ ගම්වැද්‌දෝ ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් හේන් ‌ගොවිතැන ඇසුරු ‌‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුදු, ඔවුන්‌ගේ සාම්ප්‍රදායික දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙත සම්පුර්ණ‌යෙන් ම අත් ‌නොහැරිය හ. වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් දඩයම් කිරී‌මෙන් ජීවත් වූ අතර, ඔවුන්‌ගේ මුලීක ප්‍රවනතාවය වූ‌යේ ‌ගොනා දඩයම් කිරීම ය. ‌ගොනා ගිරි ආශ්‍රිත ව වාසය කළ නිසා වැද්දන් ද ගිරි‌ලෙන් ආශ්‍රිත දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙතකට හුරු වන්නට ඇති බව ‌බො‌හෝ විද්‍යාර්ථයින් විශ්වාස තරති. ‌මෙයට අමතර ව, ඔවුන් ඵල-අල ආහාරයට ගනිමින් ද, වන මී රැස්වන කාලයට මී කැඩි‌මෙන් ද දිවි ‌පෙ‌‌වෙත සරි කර ගත් හ. වැද්දන් ආහාර පුළුස්සා ගැනීම කරන අතර, අලවර්ග ‌‌බො‌හෝවිට උණු අළුපල්‌ලේ ලා තම්බා ගැනීම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. දඩයම් කිරීම හා ආහාර අනුභවය කණ්ඩායමක් වශ‌යෙන් එකට ම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. වැඩිපුර ඇති ආහාර ද්‍රව්‍ය හිඟ කාලයන් සඳහා කල් තබා ගැනීමට මස් වර්ග වියලීම (හෙවත් කරවල කිරීම), එල්ලා දුම්ගැස්ස වීම ‌හෝ මීපැනිවල බහා තැබීම වැනි ක්‍රියාවන් කළ හ. '''රෑ‌‌හේ නායකයා''' වැදි‌ගෝත්‍රය සංවිධානය වන්නේ 'නායකයෙකු' වටා ය. එ‌හෙයින් විවිධ වූ වැදිජනප්‍රජාවන් සඳහා නායක‌යෝ සිටිය හ. එ‌හෙත් පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් වැදි ජනතාව‌ගේ ප්‍රාමාණාත්මක අඩුවීම නිසා සහ ආණ්ඩුව විසින් ඔවුන් වසන ප්‍ර‌දේශ පාලනය නායකයන්ගේ පැවැත්ම ක්‍රමයෙන් නැති ව ගි‌යේ ය. වැදි ප්‍රජා‌වේ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන නායක‌යෙක් ‌‌ලෙස මෑත යුග‌යේ සිටි‌යේ දඹා‌නේ මහාවන්නියලැත්‌‌තෝ ‌හෙවත් තිසාහාමිලැත්‌තෝ ය. [[image:Vaddas meeting.jpg|thumb|right|150px| පිටස්තරයන් හමූ වූ ‌මො‌හොතක්...(1887)]] ===පවුල් දිවිය=== වැදි ජනයා අතර [[ඥාතීත්වය]] සහ ඔවුන්ට ආමන්ත්‍රණය සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජාව ‌මෙන් ‌‌වෙයි. අප්පිලැත්‌තෝ (පියා), අම්මිලැත්‌තෝ (මව), ආදි වශ‌යෙන් 'ලැත්‌තෝ' යන පාඨය ඥාතිතවයට පසුව ‌යෙදී‌මෙන් ඔවුහු ආමන්ත්‍රණය තනා ගනිති. බිරිද(කුඩ්‌පෙත්ත)ට ‌බො‌හෝ විට, 'නංගිලැත්‌තෝ' යන ‌යෙඳුම ‌යොදනු‌යේ, වැදිජනප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ඇති බෑණා සහ නැනා (ඇවැස්ස හුරා-නෑනා) විවාහයන් නිසා‌වෙන් ය. සිංහල සමාජ‌යේ ‌මෙන් ම, විවාහ සහ ලිංගික සම්බන්ධතා සම්බන්ධ‌යෙන් විවිධ වූ තහංචි පැන වී තිබිණි. නිදසුනක් ‌ලෙස, මාමා සහ නෑනැ අතර, බෑණා සහ නැන්දා අතර ‌මෙන් ම, මවු-පිය පාර්ෂව‌යේ ස‌හෝදරයන් ‌හෝ වියපත් ස‌හෝදර ස‌හෝදරියන් අතරත් විවාහයන් තහනම් විණ. එ‌හෙත් මරණයක දී, මළ ස‌හෝදරිය ‌හෝ ස‌හෝදරයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් සැමියා ‌හෝ බිරිය එකී පවු‌ලේ තව ස‌හෝදරියක් ‌හෝ ස‌හොදරයෙක් විවාහ කර ගැනීම සිඳු විම නිසා, නැවතත් දරුවන් හට ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබිණ. '''පවුල් සම්බන්ධතා''' අඹු-සැමි දිවිය අගය කළ වැදි ජනයා අතර, සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ලැ‌බෙන බහුභාර්යා ‌සේවනය ‌හෝ බහු පුරුෂ ‌සේවනය තබා, පරදාර ‌සේවනය වත් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. විවාහ‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනයා ස්වකීය භාර්යාවන්ට මනා ‌සේ ඇළුම් කළ අතර, එකි‌නෙකාට විශ්වාසවන්ත ‌ලෙස ද ජීවත් විය. එ‌හෙයින් වි‌දේශිය මිශනාරිවරුන් විසින් ‌කෙවල විවහා කුමය ලංකාවට හඳුන්වා දීමට පෙර සිට ම, වැද්දන් අතර ‌කේවල විවාහ ක්‍රමය තිබූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌රේ ගැහැණිය හට මනා ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබුණු අතර, ඇය පවු‌ලේ පළමු ‌කොට, ආහාර‌යෙන් ‌කොටස භුක්ති වින්ද හ. ‌මෙයින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්නේ කාන්තාව වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌‌රේ ‌ගෞවරවයට පාත්‍ර වූ බවකි. '''විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන්''' වැදි දරු‌වෝ කල් ‌නොයවා ස්වකීය නෑන-හුරා විවාහයන්ට ඇතුළු ‌වෙති. ඔවුන් අතර ස‌හෝදර ස‌හොදරි ව්‍යවාහයන් ‌හෝ විවාහයට ‌පෙර ලිංගිත සම්බන්ධතාවන් සිදු ‌නො‌වේ. විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන් ‌බො‌හෝ ‌සේ ලුහුඩු ය; සරල ය. තරුණ වැදි ‌කොළු‌වෙකු හිතගිය තරුණි‌ය‌ගේ ‌පියාගේ ගෙට පැණි මුලක් හා මස් රැ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ‌යොජනාව පියාට පවසන අතර, පියා විසින් ඇයට නියඳ පට්ටාවලින් ඇඹරූ රෑනක් ‌ගෙන ඔහු‌ගේ ඉණ වටා බඳිනු ලැ‌බේ. එතැන් සිට ‌‌දෙ‌දෙනා අඹු-සැමි‌යෝ ‌වෙති. ඒ රෑණ දිරා ගිය කල්හි, අලුත් නියඳ රෑණක් අඹරා බැඳී‌මේ කාර්යය භාර්ය්‍යාව සතු ‌වෙයි. සාමාන්‍ය‌යෙන් මාමලැත්‌තෝ විසින් බඹර වද ඇති තැනක් පවරා දීමත්, දඩ බල්ලන් සහ දුනු ඊතල දීමත් කරන ලදි. සමහර අවස්ථාවලදි මනමාලයා විසින් මනමාලියට ‌රෙදිපිලි දීම පසුකාලින ව ඇති වූ සිරිකත් බව ‌පෙනේ. විවාහ‌යෙන් පසුව බෑනා මාමා‌ගේ රෑණට එකතුවී, දඩයමට සහයවීම සිඳු ‌වෙයි. එබැවින් වැදි ජනයා අත‌රේ පිරිමි දරුවන්ට වඩා ගැහැණු දරැවන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි ඇල්මක් ඇත. '''දරුදැරි‌යෝ''' විවාහ‌යෙන් පසු, දරු ගැබක් පහළ වූ පසු, වැදි ජනයා අතර ආරක්ෂාවන් සඳහා විවිධ [[අභිචාර]] විධී භාවිතා කරයි. පුරාණ‌යෙදී 'පට්ටා යකා' පූජාවක් කරමින් ගැබ් ආරක්ෂා කළ බව ප්‍රකට ය. ප්‍රසූතිය ගල්‌ලෙනක ‌හෝ පැ‌ලේදී සිඳු විණ. ප්‍රසූති‌යෙන් පසු ව විවිධ මස්-මාශ වර්ග අනුභවය නුසුදුසුයයි පිළි ගැනීමක් විණ. එ‌සේ ම කිරී එරීම සඳහා ම ‌යොග්‍යයයි පිළිගත් අලවර්ග ආහාරයට දීම කරන ලදි. දරුවා හට මසක් තුළ නමක් දුන් අතර, යකුන්‌ගේ ‌දොස් වලින් ආරක්ෂා කර ගැනීමට දරුවා ‌බො‌හෝ විට හඳුන්වනු ලැබු‌වේ විවිධ වූ හුරතල් නම් වලිනි. ඔවුන්‌ගේ නියම නමින් හඳුවන්නට පටන් ගන්‌නේ දරුවා වැඩුණු පසු ය. දරුවන් ‌ගේ වයස අවුරුදු හත පමණ වනතුරැත් ඔවුන් නිර්වස්ත්‍රව සිටිති. වයස අවුරුදු දහය-දො‌ළොහ පමණ වය‌සේ දී දරුවන් විසින් ගල්දුනු භාවිත‌යෙන් කුරුල්ලන් සහ කුඩා සතුන් දඩයම් කරති. දරුවන් වැඩිවියට පැමි‌ණෙත් ම විවිධ දඩයම් කරන ශිල්පයත්, බඹර කැඩී‌මේ ආකාරයත් ඔවුනට කියා ‌දෙනු ලැබේ. ‌මෙ‌සේ වැඩුණු පිරිමි දරුවන් දඩයම් සහ බඹර කැඩී‌මේ දී හවුල් කර ගන්‌නේ එකී කුසලතා වර්ධනය කිරීමට ය. වැදි දැරිවිය මල්වර වූ විට, ඇය [[නුග]] ගසක් ‌වෙතට ‌‌ගොස් ගල් කැටවලින් එයට ගැසීමත්, එය කන වැකුණු මව වතුර කළයක් ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ඇය නහවා, හිසිට පසුපසින් එය බිමට වැටී බිඳී සියලු ‌දොස් දුරු කිරීම හැර ‌වෙනත් වි‌ශේෂිත ‌[[කොටහළු සිරිත්]] නැත. පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් සිංහල මල්වර සිරිත් වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වීම නිසා, මල්වර දැරිය කිළි පැලක වැඩිමහළු කාන්තාවක් හා තැබීම හා ඒ ආශ්‍රිත අභිචාර විධි කිරීම දැන් අපට අසන්නට දක්නිනට ඇත. මරණය වැද්දන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි භිය උපදවන අවස්ථාවකි. එවැන් විට ඔවුහු ගල්‌ලෙන් අතැර යති. එ‌සේ කරනු‌යේ, මළ පුද්ගලයන් ඔවුන් හඹා එනු ඇතයි බි‌යෙනි. වැද්දන් විශ්වාස කරන පරිදි, මරණ‌යෙන් පසු ස්වකිය ඥාතියා නෑ ය‌කෙකු කිරීමට, දින කිහිපයක් මළ පුද්ගලයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් පුද පූජා පවත්වති. '''බාහිර සම්බන්ධතා''' ‌රොබට් ‌‌‌නොක්ස් පවසන පරිදි, ඔවුන් මුව දඩය‌මෙහි සහ දුම් ගැස්සවීම් කිරීම් තුළින් වියලා ගැනීම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. සිංහල මිනිස්සු දඩමස් ලබා ගැනීමට වැද්දන් ‌වෙත පැමිණිය හ. රජු‌ගේ කෑම ‌මේසයට සඩමස් සැපයීම කාර්‌යේ ද නිරිත විය. ඒවාට අමතර ව, රජු හට ඇත්දළ සැපයීම ද, මී පැණි සහ මී ඉටි සැපයීම ද කරන ලදි. රජු ද ඔවුන්ට ප්‍රත්‍යුපකාර වශ‌යෙන් වැද්දන් හට ‌රෙදිපිළි සහ ඊතල ආදිය දුන්‌නේ ය. ‌රොබට් ‌නොක්ස්‌ගේ වාර්තාවට අනුව වැද්‌දෝ වරක් රජුට එ‌රෙහිව පැමිණි යුද්ධවලදී සටන් කළ හ. එ‌සේම, ඔවුහු ඔවුන්ට අයිති ප්‍ර‌දේශ ආරක්ෂා කරමින් රජුට ද වක්‍රාකාර ව ආරක්ෂාව සපයන ලදී. ===වැදි බස=== වැදිභාෂාව ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් කළ පර්‌යේෂණයන් ඇසුරින් විලියම් ගයිගර් වියතාණන් දක්වන්‌නේ, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ඇ‌බොරජිනි වැනි ‌‌ගෝත්‍රික ප්‍රජාවක් බවත්, දකුණු ඉන්දියා‌වේ ‌පෞරාණික ‌ගෝත්‍රයන්ට නෑ සබදතාවක් දක්වන ඇති බවත් ය. [[ආරියන්]] සංක්‍රමණයන්ට ‌පෙර පටන් ඔවුහු ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ විසූ ආදිවාසින් වූ අතර, අනාර්ය භාෂාවක් කතා කළ බවකි (Indian Historical Quartely, XI. pp. 515-516). වැද්දන් විසින් වනාතර‌යේ දඩයමට යන අතර භාවිතා කළ රහස් බසක් වශ‌යෙන් ඔවුන්‌ගේ භාෂාව වර්ධනය වන්නට ඇත. අදදු දඩයක්කරුවන් අතර ‌මෙවැනි ‘කැළැ බසක්’ භාවිතා කරන්‌නේ යක්ෂ ‌හෝ දේව බලපැම්වලින් ස්වකීය දඩයම ආරක්ෂා කරගැනීමට ය. මූලීක වශ‌යෙන් [[ආදිවැසියන්]] ‌ලෙස වර්ධනය වූ වැද්දන්‌ගේ අනාර්ය බස ක්‍රම‌යෙන් [[ආර්යන්]]ගේ පැමිණිම හා සිංහල භාෂාව හා සම්මිශ්‍රණය වි‌මෙන් දැන් භාවිතා කරන ආකෘතියට පරිවර්තනය වන්නට ඇත. ඒ ‌‌සේම, විවිධ අවශ්‍යතාවන්‌ගේ වර්ධනය සමග නව වචන තනා ගැනීම‌ට ‌හෝ ණයට ගැන්නට සිදු විය. ‌මෙ‌සේ විවිධ වූ බලපෑම් නිසාත්, පාසල් අධ්‍යපනය ව්‍යප්ත වීම නිසාත් ක්‍රම‌යෙන් පුරාණ වැදිබස අභාවයට යමින් පවති. ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. වැද්දන්ගේ ඇදහිලි රටාව මළ ඥාති වන්දනාවකි (Obesekera, 'G. Sinhal religion.' In M. Eliade ed. ''The encylopedia of religion, Vol 13.'' New York: Macmillan, 1987.). ===විශ්වාස=== වෑද්දන්‌ගේ විශ්වාසයන් සංකිර්ණ ය. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් නෑ යකුන් ඇදහිම, විවිධ ‌වෙනත් යක්කු සහ ‌දෙවිවරුන් ඇදහම හා ‌බෞද්ධ පුදපූජාවන් ‌මේවාට ඇතුලත් ‌වෙති. ‌‌බොහෝවිට යාදිනි සහ කිරි‌කොරහ වැනි අබිචාරයන් මගින් සශ්‍රීකත්වය උ‌දෙසා කටයුතු කරයි. ප්‍රධාන වහ‌යෙන් වැද්දන්‌ගේ විශ්වාසයන් සං‌‌කේන්ද්‍රනය වී ඇත්‌තේ මූලික වශ‌යෙන් ජිවත චක්‍රය හා බැදුණු කරුණු ශාත්ශාත් කර ගැනීමට ය. ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ජිවිත චක්‍රය අළලා බැඳුණු අභිචාර විධි පහත දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ: {| class="wikitable" !ප්‍රධාන යක්කු ‌හෝ නෑයක්කු |- !අභිචාර විධි!!අදාළ වැදි ඇදහිලි!!අරමුණ |- |කිරි‌කොරහ ||කන්‌දේයකා/බිළිඳියකා/නෑයක්කු ||දඩයම්, මීපැණි සහ අස්වනු සඳහා |- | ඊත‌ලේ නැටුම|| ඊතලේයකා/කන්‌දේයකා || ආරක්ෂාව සඳහා |- |මස්යහන ||කන්‌දේයකා ||දඩයම්, පැණි, සහ පු‌ජොපහාර වශ‌යෙන් |- !යක්කු ‌හෝ ‌දෙවිවරු |- |හැත්‌මේ නැටුම ||ඇ‌ලේ/ග‌ලේ යක්කු ||දරුවන් ලබා ගැනීමට/සශ්‍රිකත්වය |- |පට්ට යකා පූජාව||පට්ට යකා ||ගැබ්බර ස්ත්‍රීන්‌ගේ ආරක්ෂාව, ‌රෝග නිවාරණය |- |කිරිඅම්මා පූජා ||කිරිඅම්මාවරු ||දරුවන්ට ආරක්ෂාව |- |ඊත‌ලේ නැටුම ||කන්‌දේ යකා ||ආරක්ෂාව |- |දො‌ළේ යක් පූජාව ||දො‌ළේයකා ||රෝග නිවාරණය |- |දම්මඩුව ||මරලූ යක්කු || ලෙඩ නිවාරණය |- | රහුයක් පූජාව ||රහුයකා ||පැණි අස්වනු, ‌රෝග නිවාරණය |- |වනගතයක් පූජාව ||වනගත යකා ||දඩයම් හා දඩයම් ආරක්ෂාව |- | රුවල පූජාව|| මිල්ලා‌නේයකා || දඩයම්, මීපැණි, ආරක්ෂාව, ‌රොග නිවාරණය |- |අවනපූජාව ||වැදි යක්කු/ඉදි‌ගොල්‌ලේයකා || දඩයම් දීමට පූ‌‌ජෝපහාර |- | ‌කොළම මඩුව||අලුත් යකා/‌දෙවි || ධාන්‍ය, දඩයම් හා සශ්‍රීකත්වය |- !අවසං‌යෝගික බාහිර යක්-දේව විශ්වාස |- | දම්මඩුව ||මරලු යක්කු ||අස්වනු, නියඟ හා ‌දේව‌ලෙඩ නිවාරණය |- |‌පේන බැලීම ||කිරිඅම්මා (පත්තිනි)/අඹරා‌පොති || හදිහූනියම්, ආරක්ෂාව |- |රීරි,කළු, ‌කොට,පුළුටු, ඔඩි යක්කු හා කාලි අම්මා පූජා ||භයංකරයක්කු ||හදිහුනියම්, එකී යකුන්‌ගේ ආරක්ෂාව |- | මින්‌නෙරිය දෙවිපූජා|| මින්‌නේරිය ‌දෙවි|| සශ්‍රීකත්වය හා ආරක්ෂාව |- | කතරගම දෙවිපූජා ||කතරගම ‌දෙවි|| සශ්‍රීත්වය හා ආරක්ෂාව |- | ගල්ලිරි බණ්ඩාර ‌දෙවිපූජා‌|| ගල්ලිරි බණ්ඩාර ‌දෙවි || සශ්‍රීකත්වය හා ආරක්ෂාව |- !‌‌අවසං‌යෝගික බෞද්ධ/හින්දු පුදපූජාවන් |- |මිහිදන් කිරීම ||‌බෞද්ධ ආකාරයට || මළගියවුන්ට පිං පැමිණවීම |- |දානදීම ||‌බෞද්ධ දානමාන ආකාරයට ||මළගියඥාතීන්ට පිං පැමිණවීම |- | මහියංගන ‌පෙරහැට එක්වීම||‌බෞද්ධ අභිචාර || කරදර විපත්දුරු කිරීම |- | කතරගම්යෑම හා ‌පෙරහැරට එක්වීම||හින්දු අභිචාර || ආශිර්වාදපතා |- |} ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== ජාන විද්‍යාත්මක පර්‌යේෂණයන් තුළින් තහවුරු වී ඇත්‌තේ උතුරු ඉන්දියානු ආර්ය සංක්‍රමණයට ‌පෙර විසු ප්‍රග්-ආර්ය ජනතාව හා සම්බන්ධතාවක් ඇති බව ය. කලාන්තරයක් තිස්‌සේ සිංහල හා දෙමළ ජනතාව අත‌රේ වාසය කළ වැද්දන් එකී ජනසමාජයන්ට ක්‍රම‌යෙන් සම්මිශ්‍රණය විය. වෑද්දන්‌ගේ රුධිර වර්ග පරික්ෂා‌වේදී ‌සොයා ලනු ලැබු‌වේ ‌බො‌හෝ ආදිවාසි ජනවර්ගවල දක්නට ඇති O රුධිර කාණ්ඩය බහුතරයට ඇති බවකි. එ‌සේ ම ස්වල්ප ජන ‌කොට්ඨාශයක A රුධිර ගණය දක්නට තිබූ අතර, ඔවුන් අතර‌වෙනත් රුධිර කාණ්ඩයන් දක්නට නැත (The Blood Groups and Haemoglobins of the Veddahs of Ceylon R. L. Wickremasinghe, Elizabeth W. Ikin, A. E. Mourant, H. Lehmann Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol. 93, No. 1 (Jan. - Jun., 1963) , pp. 117-125). අද සිංහලයන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත ව ඇති පවුල් කිහිපයක් ස්වකීය සම්භවය වැදිජන ප්‍රජාව ආශ්‍රය ‌‌කොට සිදුවිණයි ආඩම්බර‌යේ සඳහන් කරති. == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ද සිල්වා, එම්. ඩබ්. සුගතපාල, ''දඹා‌නේ වැදි බස '' ‌කොළඹ: සරසවි ප්‍රකාශ‌යෝ, 1964. ඉංග්‍රිසි මූලාශ්‍ර Seligmann, C.G. ''The Vaddahs of Ceylon.'' Cambribge Archaeological and Ethnological Series, Macmillan & Co., 1906. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ජන සමාජය]] [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] 5614 2006-06-11T14:15:38Z Natkeeran 49 ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. [[image:Ceylon Native Village.jpg|thumb|right|350px| ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ වැදි පවුලක් (1910)]] ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරුවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ: මහා වංශ‌යේ සඳහන් වන පරිදි, [[විජය කුමරු]]වා කු‌වේණිය හා දරුවන් අතහැර දමා, විවහාය සඳහා රාජ කන්‍යවක් ඉන්දියා‌වෙන් ‌ගෙ‌නෙන ලදි. එහි දී [[කු‌වේණිය]] නැවත [[ලංකාපුර‌]]යෙහි ස්වකීය [[යක්ෂ]] ප්‍රජාව ‌වෙත හරවා යවන අතර, එහි දී ඇති වූ දබරයක දී ඇය මරණයට පත්වන්ණි ය. ඇය‌ගේ බාල ‌සො‌හොයුරා පැමිණ දරුවන් හට පලා යමට පවසයි. ඔවුන් සමන්-කුළ ([[සම‌නොළ කන්ද]])ට ‌ගොස් ‌ නැගණී දෙටු ‌සොයුරා හා වාසය ‌කොට, [[මලයා රට]] හෙවත් කදුකර ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජන ප්‍රජාවක් බිහි කළ අතර, ඔවුන් පුලින්දා ‌ලෙස දක්වා ඇත ([[මහාවංශය]] පරි. 7.59-68). පුලින්දන් පිළිබඳ ව සටහනක් තබන ගයිගර් තුමා පවසන්‌නේ, ඔවුන් ‌මේ‌‌ලේජ්‍ය ‌ගෝත්‍රික ප්‍රජාවක් වන්නට ඇති බවත්, පසුව වැද්දන් බවට හඳුන්වන්නට ඇති බවත් ය. ‌‌කොළඹ, කළුතර සහ ගාල්ල ආශ්‍රිත ප්‍රදේශ‌යේ සිට කදුකරය දක්වා ප්‍ර‌දේශය ‘සබරගමුව’ ‌ලෙසින් හදුන්වන අතර, එය ව්‍යුත්පන්න වන්නට ඇත්‌තේ ‘පුලින්ද’ යන්නට සමාන පදයක් වන [[සංස්කෘත]] ‘සබර,’ [[පාලි]] ‘සවර’ ‌මගින් ය. ‌උක්ත නිගමනයට අනුව ම යමින් ශ්‍රී සුමංගල හිමියන් හා බටුවන්තුඩා‌වේ ‌දේවරක්ෂිත පඬිවරයාණන් ඔවුන්‌ගේ [[මහාවංශ]] පරිවර්ත‌යේ ‘පුලින්ද’ වදන ‘වැද්දන්’ වශ‌යෙන් ඍජුව ම දක්වා ඇත. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ [[විජයාගමනයට]] ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්සන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌[[ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ්]] ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිවැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ '[[වන්නියලෑත්තන්]]' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. [[සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌ත]]හි ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌[[හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන්]] ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== වැදිසමාජය තුළ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන ධුරාවලියක් දක්නට නැති තරම් ය. ‌බො‌හෝ විට වැදි රැළක් වැදිනායකයකු යට‌තේ පාලනය විය. ආදිවාසි ජන ප්‍රජාවන්හි දක්නට ඇති ආකාර‌යේ, ‌ගෝත්‍ර අතර ‌වෛරයක් ‌හෝ ‌ගෝත්‍ර සටන් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. එක ම ප්‍ර‌දේශයක වරිග කිහිපයක වැදිජන ප්‍රජාවන් සමාදාන‌යෙන් ජීවත් වුව ද, ප්‍ර‌දේශයට ඇතුල්වීමේ දී විවිධ තහංචි ඔවුනොවුන් අතර විණ. සමහර වැදි වරිග‌යෝ ගඟක් ‌හෝ කැළැ ‌පෙ‌දෙසක් හරහා ‌වෙනත් ප්‍ර‌දේශයන් වලට සංක්‍රමණය වූ හ. ‌මෙ‌සේ ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යෙන් ප්‍ර‌දේශයට වැදි ප්‍රජාවන්‌ගේ ව්‍යාප්තවීම සිඳු වි ය. ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. සී. ජී. සෙල්ග්මාන්ට අනුව වැද්දන්‌‌ගේ වරිග ‌බෙදීම ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් ස්වකීය ‌ගෝත්‍ර‌යෙන් පිට විවහා වීම ‌හෙවත් [[බහිර්‌වෛවාහික]] සහ මාතෘ පාර්ෂව මූලීක, ඌරා සහ ‌මොනරා ආශ්‍රීත ගෝත්‍ර විහ්න ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් ‌ගොඩ නැගුනක් බව ය (C. G. Seligmann, The Vaddas, 1911, p.30). භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===දිවි‌පෙ‌වෙත=== මුල් කාල‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනප්‍රජාව ගල්‌ලෙන් ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ අතර, පසුව පැල්පත් ආශ්‍රීත ගම්මාන කරා සංක්‍රමණය වන්නට ඇත. [[image:gathering honey.jpg|thumb|left|150px|බඹර පැණි එකතු කරන අනතුරුදායක අවස්ථාවක් (1887)]] ඒවා වැදි ‌කොරටු ‌ලෙසින් හැඳින් වූ අතර, වරින් වර, ආහාර ‌සොයා ගත හැකි පමණට කොරටු‌වෙන් ‌කොරටුවට වැදි ප්‍රජාව සංක්‍රමණය වී‌මේ සිරිතක් විය. පසුකාලීනව ඇති වූ ගම්වැද්‌දෝ ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් හේන් ‌ගොවිතැන ඇසුරු ‌‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුදු, ඔවුන්‌ගේ සාම්ප්‍රදායික දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙත සම්පුර්ණ‌යෙන් ම අත් ‌නොහැරිය හ. වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් දඩයම් කිරී‌මෙන් ජීවත් වූ අතර, ඔවුන්‌ගේ මුලීක ප්‍රවනතාවය වූ‌යේ ‌ගොනා දඩයම් කිරීම ය. ‌ගොනා ගිරි ආශ්‍රිත ව වාසය කළ නිසා වැද්දන් ද ගිරි‌ලෙන් ආශ්‍රිත දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙතකට හුරු වන්නට ඇති බව ‌බො‌හෝ විද්‍යාර්ථයින් විශ්වාස තරති. ‌මෙයට අමතර ව, ඔවුන් ඵල-අල ආහාරයට ගනිමින් ද, වන මී රැස්වන කාලයට මී කැඩි‌මෙන් ද දිවි ‌පෙ‌‌වෙත සරි කර ගත් හ. වැද්දන් ආහාර පුළුස්සා ගැනීම කරන අතර, අලවර්ග ‌‌බො‌හෝවිට උණු අළුපල්‌ලේ ලා තම්බා ගැනීම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. දඩයම් කිරීම හා ආහාර අනුභවය කණ්ඩායමක් වශ‌යෙන් එකට ම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. වැඩිපුර ඇති ආහාර ද්‍රව්‍ය හිඟ කාලයන් සඳහා කල් තබා ගැනීමට මස් වර්ග වියලීම (හෙවත් කරවල කිරීම), එල්ලා දුම්ගැස්ස වීම ‌හෝ මීපැනිවල බහා තැබීම වැනි ක්‍රියාවන් කළ හ. '''රෑ‌‌හේ නායකයා''' වැදි‌ගෝත්‍රය සංවිධානය වන්නේ 'නායකයෙකු' වටා ය. එ‌හෙයින් විවිධ වූ වැදිජනප්‍රජාවන් සඳහා නායක‌යෝ සිටිය හ. එ‌හෙත් පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් වැදි ජනතාව‌ගේ ප්‍රාමාණාත්මක අඩුවීම නිසා සහ ආණ්ඩුව විසින් ඔවුන් වසන ප්‍ර‌දේශ පාලනය නායකයන්ගේ පැවැත්ම ක්‍රමයෙන් නැති ව ගි‌යේ ය. වැදි ප්‍රජා‌වේ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන නායක‌යෙක් ‌‌ලෙස මෑත යුග‌යේ සිටි‌යේ දඹා‌නේ මහාවන්නියලැත්‌‌තෝ ‌හෙවත් තිසාහාමිලැත්‌තෝ ය. [[image:Vaddas meeting.jpg|thumb|right|150px| පිටස්තරයන් හමූ වූ ‌මො‌හොතක්...(1887)]] ===පවුල් දිවිය=== වැදි ජනයා අතර [[ඥාතීත්වය]] සහ ඔවුන්ට ආමන්ත්‍රණය සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජාව ‌මෙන් ‌‌වෙයි. අප්පිලැත්‌තෝ (පියා), අම්මිලැත්‌තෝ (මව), ආදි වශ‌යෙන් 'ලැත්‌තෝ' යන පාඨය ඥාතිතවයට පසුව ‌යෙදී‌මෙන් ඔවුහු ආමන්ත්‍රණය තනා ගනිති. බිරිද(කුඩ්‌පෙත්ත)ට ‌බො‌හෝ විට, 'නංගිලැත්‌තෝ' යන ‌යෙඳුම ‌යොදනු‌යේ, වැදිජනප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ඇති බෑණා සහ නැනා (ඇවැස්ස හුරා-නෑනා) විවාහයන් නිසා‌වෙන් ය. සිංහල සමාජ‌යේ ‌මෙන් ම, විවාහ සහ ලිංගික සම්බන්ධතා සම්බන්ධ‌යෙන් විවිධ වූ තහංචි පැන වී තිබිණි. නිදසුනක් ‌ලෙස, මාමා සහ නෑනැ අතර, බෑණා සහ නැන්දා අතර ‌මෙන් ම, මවු-පිය පාර්ෂව‌යේ ස‌හෝදරයන් ‌හෝ වියපත් ස‌හෝදර ස‌හෝදරියන් අතරත් විවාහයන් තහනම් විණ. එ‌හෙත් මරණයක දී, මළ ස‌හෝදරිය ‌හෝ ස‌හෝදරයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් සැමියා ‌හෝ බිරිය එකී පවු‌ලේ තව ස‌හෝදරියක් ‌හෝ ස‌හොදරයෙක් විවාහ කර ගැනීම සිඳු විම නිසා, නැවතත් දරුවන් හට ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබිණ. '''පවුල් සම්බන්ධතා''' අඹු-සැමි දිවිය අගය කළ වැදි ජනයා අතර, සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ලැ‌බෙන බහුභාර්යා ‌සේවනය ‌හෝ බහු පුරුෂ ‌සේවනය තබා, පරදාර ‌සේවනය වත් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. විවාහ‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනයා ස්වකීය භාර්යාවන්ට මනා ‌සේ ඇළුම් කළ අතර, එකි‌නෙකාට විශ්වාසවන්ත ‌ලෙස ද ජීවත් විය. එ‌හෙයින් වි‌දේශිය මිශනාරිවරුන් විසින් ‌කෙවල විවහා කුමය ලංකාවට හඳුන්වා දීමට පෙර සිට ම, වැද්දන් අතර ‌කේවල විවාහ ක්‍රමය තිබූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌රේ ගැහැණිය හට මනා ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබුණු අතර, ඇය පවු‌ලේ පළමු ‌කොට, ආහාර‌යෙන් ‌කොටස භුක්ති වින්ද හ. ‌මෙයින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්නේ කාන්තාව වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌‌රේ ‌ගෞවරවයට පාත්‍ර වූ බවකි. '''විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන්''' වැදි දරු‌වෝ කල් ‌නොයවා ස්වකීය නෑන-හුරා විවාහයන්ට ඇතුළු ‌වෙති. ඔවුන් අතර ස‌හෝදර ස‌හොදරි ව්‍යවාහයන් ‌හෝ විවාහයට ‌පෙර ලිංගිත සම්බන්ධතාවන් සිදු ‌නො‌වේ. විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන් ‌බො‌හෝ ‌සේ ලුහුඩු ය; සරල ය. තරුණ වැදි ‌කොළු‌වෙකු හිතගිය තරුණි‌ය‌ගේ ‌පියාගේ ගෙට පැණි මුලක් හා මස් රැ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ‌යොජනාව පියාට පවසන අතර, පියා විසින් ඇයට නියඳ පට්ටාවලින් ඇඹරූ රෑනක් ‌ගෙන ඔහු‌ගේ ඉණ වටා බඳිනු ලැ‌බේ. එතැන් සිට ‌‌දෙ‌දෙනා අඹු-සැමි‌යෝ ‌වෙති. ඒ රෑණ දිරා ගිය කල්හි, අලුත් නියඳ රෑණක් අඹරා බැඳී‌මේ කාර්යය භාර්ය්‍යාව සතු ‌වෙයි. සාමාන්‍ය‌යෙන් මාමලැත්‌තෝ විසින් බඹර වද ඇති තැනක් පවරා දීමත්, දඩ බල්ලන් සහ දුනු ඊතල දීමත් කරන ලදි. සමහර අවස්ථාවලදි මනමාලයා විසින් මනමාලියට ‌රෙදිපිලි දීම පසුකාලින ව ඇති වූ සිරිකත් බව ‌පෙනේ. විවාහ‌යෙන් පසුව බෑනා මාමා‌ගේ රෑණට එකතුවී, දඩයමට සහයවීම සිඳු ‌වෙයි. එබැවින් වැදි ජනයා අත‌රේ පිරිමි දරුවන්ට වඩා ගැහැණු දරැවන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි ඇල්මක් ඇත. '''දරුදැරි‌යෝ''' විවාහ‌යෙන් පසු, දරු ගැබක් පහළ වූ පසු, වැදි ජනයා අතර ආරක්ෂාවන් සඳහා විවිධ [[අභිචාර]] විධී භාවිතා කරයි. පුරාණ‌යෙදී 'පට්ටා යකා' පූජාවක් කරමින් ගැබ් ආරක්ෂා කළ බව ප්‍රකට ය. ප්‍රසූතිය ගල්‌ලෙනක ‌හෝ පැ‌ලේදී සිඳු විණ. ප්‍රසූති‌යෙන් පසු ව විවිධ මස්-මාශ වර්ග අනුභවය නුසුදුසුයයි පිළි ගැනීමක් විණ. එ‌සේ ම කිරී එරීම සඳහා ම ‌යොග්‍යයයි පිළිගත් අලවර්ග ආහාරයට දීම කරන ලදි. දරුවා හට මසක් තුළ නමක් දුන් අතර, යකුන්‌ගේ ‌දොස් වලින් ආරක්ෂා කර ගැනීමට දරුවා ‌බො‌හෝ විට හඳුන්වනු ලැබු‌වේ විවිධ වූ හුරතල් නම් වලිනි. ඔවුන්‌ගේ නියම නමින් හඳුවන්නට පටන් ගන්‌නේ දරුවා වැඩුණු පසු ය. දරුවන් ‌ගේ වයස අවුරුදු හත පමණ වනතුරැත් ඔවුන් නිර්වස්ත්‍රව සිටිති. වයස අවුරුදු දහය-දො‌ළොහ පමණ වය‌සේ දී දරුවන් විසින් ගල්දුනු භාවිත‌යෙන් කුරුල්ලන් සහ කුඩා සතුන් දඩයම් කරති. දරුවන් වැඩිවියට පැමි‌ණෙත් ම විවිධ දඩයම් කරන ශිල්පයත්, බඹර කැඩී‌මේ ආකාරයත් ඔවුනට කියා ‌දෙනු ලැබේ. ‌මෙ‌සේ වැඩුණු පිරිමි දරුවන් දඩයම් සහ බඹර කැඩී‌මේ දී හවුල් කර ගන්‌නේ එකී කුසලතා වර්ධනය කිරීමට ය. වැදි දැරිවිය මල්වර වූ විට, ඇය [[නුග]] ගසක් ‌වෙතට ‌‌ගොස් ගල් කැටවලින් එයට ගැසීමත්, එය කන වැකුණු මව වතුර කළයක් ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ඇය නහවා, හිසිට පසුපසින් එය බිමට වැටී බිඳී සියලු ‌දොස් දුරු කිරීම හැර ‌වෙනත් වි‌ශේෂිත ‌[[කොටහළු සිරිත්]] නැත. පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් සිංහල මල්වර සිරිත් වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වීම නිසා, මල්වර දැරිය කිළි පැලක වැඩිමහළු කාන්තාවක් හා තැබීම හා ඒ ආශ්‍රිත අභිචාර විධි කිරීම දැන් අපට අසන්නට දක්නිනට ඇත. මරණය වැද්දන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි භිය උපදවන අවස්ථාවකි. එවැන් විට ඔවුහු ගල්‌ලෙන් අතැර යති. එ‌සේ කරනු‌යේ, මළ පුද්ගලයන් ඔවුන් හඹා එනු ඇතයි බි‌යෙනි. වැද්දන් විශ්වාස කරන පරිදි, මරණ‌යෙන් පසු ස්වකිය ඥාතියා නෑ ය‌කෙකු කිරීමට, දින කිහිපයක් මළ පුද්ගලයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් පුද පූජා පවත්වති. '''බාහිර සම්බන්ධතා''' ‌රොබට් ‌‌‌නොක්ස් පවසන පරිදි, ඔවුන් මුව දඩය‌මෙහි සහ දුම් ගැස්සවීම් කිරීම් තුළින් වියලා ගැනීම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. සිංහල මිනිස්සු දඩමස් ලබා ගැනීමට වැද්දන් ‌වෙත පැමිණිය හ. රජු‌ගේ කෑම ‌මේසයට සඩමස් සැපයීම කාර්‌යේ ද නිරිත විය. ඒවාට අමතර ව, රජු හට ඇත්දළ සැපයීම ද, මී පැණි සහ මී ඉටි සැපයීම ද කරන ලදි. රජු ද ඔවුන්ට ප්‍රත්‍යුපකාර වශ‌යෙන් වැද්දන් හට ‌රෙදිපිළි සහ ඊතල ආදිය දුන්‌නේ ය. ‌රොබට් ‌නොක්ස්‌ගේ වාර්තාවට අනුව වැද්‌දෝ වරක් රජුට එ‌රෙහිව පැමිණි යුද්ධවලදී සටන් කළ හ. එ‌සේම, ඔවුහු ඔවුන්ට අයිති ප්‍ර‌දේශ ආරක්ෂා කරමින් රජුට ද වක්‍රාකාර ව ආරක්ෂාව සපයන ලදී. ===වැදි බස=== වැදිභාෂාව ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් කළ පර්‌යේෂණයන් ඇසුරින් විලියම් ගයිගර් වියතාණන් දක්වන්‌නේ, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ඇ‌බොරජිනි වැනි ‌‌ගෝත්‍රික ප්‍රජාවක් බවත්, දකුණු ඉන්දියා‌වේ ‌පෞරාණික ‌ගෝත්‍රයන්ට නෑ සබදතාවක් දක්වන ඇති බවත් ය. [[ආරියන්]] සංක්‍රමණයන්ට ‌පෙර පටන් ඔවුහු ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ විසූ ආදිවාසින් වූ අතර, අනාර්ය භාෂාවක් කතා කළ බවකි (Indian Historical Quartely, XI. pp. 515-516). වැද්දන් විසින් වනාතර‌යේ දඩයමට යන අතර භාවිතා කළ රහස් බසක් වශ‌යෙන් ඔවුන්‌ගේ භාෂාව වර්ධනය වන්නට ඇත. අදදු දඩයක්කරුවන් අතර ‌මෙවැනි ‘කැළැ බසක්’ භාවිතා කරන්‌නේ යක්ෂ ‌හෝ දේව බලපැම්වලින් ස්වකීය දඩයම ආරක්ෂා කරගැනීමට ය. මූලීක වශ‌යෙන් [[ආදිවැසියන්]] ‌ලෙස වර්ධනය වූ වැද්දන්‌ගේ අනාර්ය බස ක්‍රම‌යෙන් [[ආර්යන්]]ගේ පැමිණිම හා සිංහල භාෂාව හා සම්මිශ්‍රණය වි‌මෙන් දැන් භාවිතා කරන ආකෘතියට පරිවර්තනය වන්නට ඇත. ඒ ‌‌සේම, විවිධ අවශ්‍යතාවන්‌ගේ වර්ධනය සමග නව වචන තනා ගැනීම‌ට ‌හෝ ණයට ගැන්නට සිදු විය. ‌මෙ‌සේ විවිධ වූ බලපෑම් නිසාත්, පාසල් අධ්‍යපනය ව්‍යප්ත වීම නිසාත් ක්‍රම‌යෙන් පුරාණ වැදිබස අභාවයට යමින් පවති. ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. වැද්දන්ගේ ඇදහිලි රටාව මළ ඥාති වන්දනාවකි (Obesekera, 'G. Sinhal religion.' In M. Eliade ed. ''The encylopedia of religion, Vol 13.'' New York: Macmillan, 1987.). ===විශ්වාස=== වෑද්දන්‌ගේ විශ්වාසයන් සංකිර්ණ ය. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් නෑ යකුන් ඇදහිම, විවිධ ‌වෙනත් යක්කු සහ ‌දෙවිවරුන් ඇදහම හා ‌බෞද්ධ පුදපූජාවන් ‌මේවාට ඇතුලත් ‌වෙති. ‌‌බොහෝවිට යාදිනි සහ කිරි‌කොරහ වැනි අබිචාරයන් මගින් සශ්‍රීකත්වය උ‌දෙසා කටයුතු කරයි. ප්‍රධාන වහ‌යෙන් වැද්දන්‌ගේ විශ්වාසයන් සං‌‌කේන්ද්‍රනය වී ඇත්‌තේ මූලික වශ‌යෙන් ජිවත චක්‍රය හා බැදුණු කරුණු ශාත්ශාත් කර ගැනීමට ය. ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ජිවිත චක්‍රය අළලා බැඳුණු අභිචාර විධි පහත දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ: {| class="wikitable" !ප්‍රධාන යක්කු ‌හෝ නෑයක්කු |- !අභිචාර විධි!!අදාළ වැදි ඇදහිලි!!අරමුණ |- |කිරි‌කොරහ ||කන්‌දේයකා/බිළිඳියකා/නෑයක්කු ||දඩයම්, මීපැණි සහ අස්වනු සඳහා |- | ඊත‌ලේ නැටුම|| ඊතලේයකා/කන්‌දේයකා || ආරක්ෂාව සඳහා |- |මස්යහන ||කන්‌දේයකා ||දඩයම්, පැණි, සහ පු‌ජොපහාර වශ‌යෙන් |- !යක්කු ‌හෝ ‌දෙවිවරු |- |හැත්‌මේ නැටුම ||ඇ‌ලේ/ග‌ලේ යක්කු ||දරුවන් ලබා ගැනීමට/සශ්‍රිකත්වය |- |පට්ට යකා පූජාව||පට්ට යකා ||ගැබ්බර ස්ත්‍රීන්‌ගේ ආරක්ෂාව, ‌රෝග නිවාරණය |- |කිරිඅම්මා පූජා ||කිරිඅම්මාවරු ||දරුවන්ට ආරක්ෂාව |- |ඊත‌ලේ නැටුම ||කන්‌දේ යකා ||ආරක්ෂාව |- |දො‌ළේ යක් පූජාව ||දො‌ළේයකා ||රෝග නිවාරණය |- |දම්මඩුව ||මරලූ යක්කු || ලෙඩ නිවාරණය |- | රහුයක් පූජාව ||රහුයකා ||පැණි අස්වනු, ‌රෝග නිවාරණය |- |වනගතයක් පූජාව ||වනගත යකා ||දඩයම් හා දඩයම් ආරක්ෂාව |- | රුවල පූජාව|| මිල්ලා‌නේයකා || දඩයම්, මීපැණි, ආරක්ෂාව, ‌රොග නිවාරණය |- |අවනපූජාව ||වැදි යක්කු/ඉදි‌ගොල්‌ලේයකා || දඩයම් දීමට පූ‌‌ජෝපහාර |- | ‌කොළම මඩුව||අලුත් යකා/‌දෙවි || ධාන්‍ය, දඩයම් හා සශ්‍රීකත්වය |- !අවසං‌යෝගික බාහිර යක්-දේව විශ්වාස |- | දම්මඩුව ||මරලු යක්කු ||අස්වනු, නියඟ හා ‌දේව‌ලෙඩ නිවාරණය |- |‌පේන බැලීම ||කිරිඅම්මා (පත්තිනි)/අඹරා‌පොති || හදිහූනියම්, ආරක්ෂාව |- |රීරි,කළු, ‌කොට,පුළුටු, ඔඩි යක්කු හා කාලි අම්මා පූජා ||භයංකරයක්කු ||හදිහුනියම්, එකී යකුන්‌ගේ ආරක්ෂාව |- | මින්‌නෙරිය දෙවිපූජා|| මින්‌නේරිය ‌දෙවි|| සශ්‍රීකත්වය හා ආරක්ෂාව |- | කතරගම දෙවිපූජා ||කතරගම ‌දෙවි|| සශ්‍රීත්වය හා ආරක්ෂාව |- | ගල්ලිරි බණ්ඩාර ‌දෙවිපූජා‌|| ගල්ලිරි බණ්ඩාර ‌දෙවි || සශ්‍රීකත්වය හා ආරක්ෂාව |- !‌‌අවසං‌යෝගික බෞද්ධ/හින්දු පුදපූජාවන් |- |මිහිදන් කිරීම ||‌බෞද්ධ ආකාරයට || මළගියවුන්ට පිං පැමිණවීම |- |දානදීම ||‌බෞද්ධ දානමාන ආකාරයට ||මළගියඥාතීන්ට පිං පැමිණවීම |- | මහියංගන ‌පෙරහැට එක්වීම||‌බෞද්ධ අභිචාර || කරදර විපත්දුරු කිරීම |- | කතරගම්යෑම හා ‌පෙරහැරට එක්වීම||හින්දු අභිචාර || ආශිර්වාදපතා |- |} ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== ජාන විද්‍යාත්මක පර්‌යේෂණයන් තුළින් තහවුරු වී ඇත්‌තේ උතුරු ඉන්දියානු ආර්ය සංක්‍රමණයට ‌පෙර විසු ප්‍රග්-ආර්ය ජනතාව හා සම්බන්ධතාවක් ඇති බව ය. කලාන්තරයක් තිස්‌සේ සිංහල හා දෙමළ ජනතාව අත‌රේ වාසය කළ වැද්දන් එකී ජනසමාජයන්ට ක්‍රම‌යෙන් සම්මිශ්‍රණය විය. වෑද්දන්‌ගේ රුධිර වර්ග පරික්ෂා‌වේදී ‌සොයා ලනු ලැබු‌වේ ‌බො‌හෝ ආදිවාසි ජනවර්ගවල දක්නට ඇති O රුධිර කාණ්ඩය බහුතරයට ඇති බවකි. එ‌සේ ම ස්වල්ප ජන ‌කොට්ඨාශයක A රුධිර ගණය දක්නට තිබූ අතර, ඔවුන් අතර‌වෙනත් රුධිර කාණ්ඩයන් දක්නට නැත (The Blood Groups and Haemoglobins of the Veddahs of Ceylon R. L. Wickremasinghe, Elizabeth W. Ikin, A. E. Mourant, H. Lehmann Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol. 93, No. 1 (Jan. - Jun., 1963) , pp. 117-125). අද සිංහලයන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත ව ඇති පවුල් කිහිපයක් ස්වකීය සම්භවය වැදිජන ප්‍රජාව ආශ්‍රය ‌‌කොට සිදුවිණයි ආඩම්බර‌යේ සඳහන් කරති. == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ද සිල්වා, එම්. ඩබ්. සුගතපාල, ''දඹා‌නේ වැදි බස '' ‌කොළඹ: සරසවි ප්‍රකාශ‌යෝ, 1964. ඉංග්‍රිසි මූලාශ්‍ර Seligmann, C.G. ''The Vaddahs of Ceylon.'' Cambribge Archaeological and Ethnological Series, Macmillan & Co., 1906. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ජන සමාජය]] [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] [[ta:வேடர் (இலங்கை ஆதிவாசிகள்)]] 5615 2006-06-11T14:36:44Z Natkeeran 49 ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. [[image:Ceylon Native Village.jpg|thumb|right|350px| ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ වැදි පවුලක් (1910)]] ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරුවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ: මහා වංශ‌යේ සඳහන් වන පරිදි, [[විජය කුමරු]]වා කු‌වේණිය හා දරුවන් අතහැර දමා, විවහාය සඳහා රාජ කන්‍යවක් ඉන්දියා‌වෙන් ‌ගෙ‌නෙන ලදි. එහි දී [[කු‌වේණිය]] නැවත [[ලංකාපුර‌]]යෙහි ස්වකීය [[යක්ෂ]] ප්‍රජාව ‌වෙත හරවා යවන අතර, එහි දී ඇති වූ දබරයක දී ඇය මරණයට පත්වන්ණි ය. ඇය‌ගේ බාල ‌සො‌හොයුරා පැමිණ දරුවන් හට පලා යමට පවසයි. ඔවුන් සමන්-කුළ ([[සම‌නොළ කන්ද]])ට ‌ගොස් ‌ නැගණී දෙටු ‌සොයුරා හා වාසය ‌කොට, [[මලයා රට]] හෙවත් කදුකර ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජන ප්‍රජාවක් බිහි කළ අතර, ඔවුන් පුලින්දා ‌ලෙස දක්වා ඇත ([[මහාවංශය]] පරි. 7.59-68). පුලින්දන් පිළිබඳ ව සටහනක් තබන ගයිගර් තුමා පවසන්‌නේ, ඔවුන් ‌මේ‌‌ලේජ්‍ය ‌ගෝත්‍රික ප්‍රජාවක් වන්නට ඇති බවත්, පසුව වැද්දන් බවට හඳුන්වන්නට ඇති බවත් ය. ‌‌කොළඹ, කළුතර සහ ගාල්ල ආශ්‍රිත ප්‍රදේශ‌යේ සිට කදුකරය දක්වා ප්‍ර‌දේශය ‘සබරගමුව’ ‌ලෙසින් හදුන්වන අතර, එය ව්‍යුත්පන්න වන්නට ඇත්‌තේ ‘පුලින්ද’ යන්නට සමාන පදයක් වන [[සංස්කෘත]] ‘සබර,’ [[පාලි]] ‘සවර’ ‌මගින් ය. ‌උක්ත නිගමනයට අනුව ම යමින් ශ්‍රී සුමංගල හිමියන් හා බටුවන්තුඩා‌වේ ‌දේවරක්ෂිත පඬිවරයාණන් ඔවුන්‌ගේ [[මහාවංශ]] පරිවර්ත‌යේ ‘පුලින්ද’ වදන ‘වැද්දන්’ වශ‌යෙන් ඍජුව ම දක්වා ඇත. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ [[විජයාගමනයට]] ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්සන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌[[ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ්]] ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිවැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ '[[වන්නියලෑත්තන්]]' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. [[සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌ත]]හි ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌[[හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන්]] ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== වැදිසමාජය තුළ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන ධුරාවලියක් දක්නට නැති තරම් ය. ‌බො‌හෝ විට වැදි රැළක් වැදිනායකයකු යට‌තේ පාලනය විය. ආදිවාසි ජන ප්‍රජාවන්හි දක්නට ඇති ආකාර‌යේ, ‌ගෝත්‍ර අතර ‌වෛරයක් ‌හෝ ‌ගෝත්‍ර සටන් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. එක ම ප්‍ර‌දේශයක වරිග කිහිපයක වැදිජන ප්‍රජාවන් සමාදාන‌යෙන් ජීවත් වුව ද, ප්‍ර‌දේශයට ඇතුල්වීමේ දී විවිධ තහංචි ඔවුනොවුන් අතර විණ. සමහර වැදි වරිග‌යෝ ගඟක් ‌හෝ කැළැ ‌පෙ‌දෙසක් හරහා ‌වෙනත් ප්‍ර‌දේශයන් වලට සංක්‍රමණය වූ හ. ‌මෙ‌සේ ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යෙන් ප්‍ර‌දේශයට වැදි ප්‍රජාවන්‌ගේ ව්‍යාප්තවීම සිඳු වි ය. ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. සී. ජී. සෙල්ග්මාන්ට අනුව වැද්දන්‌‌ගේ වරිග ‌බෙදීම ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් ස්වකීය ‌ගෝත්‍ර‌යෙන් පිට විවහා වීම ‌හෙවත් [[බහිර්‌වෛවාහික]] සහ මාතෘ පාර්ෂව මූලීක, ඌරා සහ ‌මොනරා ආශ්‍රීත ගෝත්‍ර විහ්න ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් ‌ගොඩ නැගුනක් බව ය (C. G. Seligmann, The Vaddas, 1911, p.30). භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===දිවි‌පෙ‌වෙත=== මුල් කාල‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනප්‍රජාව ගල්‌ලෙන් ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ අතර, පසුව පැල්පත් ආශ්‍රීත ගම්මාන කරා සංක්‍රමණය වන්නට ඇත. [[image:gathering honey.jpg|thumb|left|150px|බඹර පැණි එකතු කරන අනතුරුදායක අවස්ථාවක් (1887)]] ඒවා වැදි ‌කොරටු ‌ලෙසින් හැඳින් වූ අතර, වරින් වර, ආහාර ‌සොයා ගත හැකි පමණට කොරටු‌වෙන් ‌කොරටුවට වැදි ප්‍රජාව සංක්‍රමණය වී‌මේ සිරිතක් විය. පසුකාලීනව ඇති වූ ගම්වැද්‌දෝ ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් හේන් ‌ගොවිතැන ඇසුරු ‌‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුදු, ඔවුන්‌ගේ සාම්ප්‍රදායික දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙත සම්පුර්ණ‌යෙන් ම අත් ‌නොහැරිය හ. වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් දඩයම් කිරී‌මෙන් ජීවත් වූ අතර, ඔවුන්‌ගේ මුලීක ප්‍රවනතාවය වූ‌යේ ‌ගොනා දඩයම් කිරීම ය. ‌ගොනා ගිරි ආශ්‍රිත ව වාසය කළ නිසා වැද්දන් ද ගිරි‌ලෙන් ආශ්‍රිත දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙතකට හුරු වන්නට ඇති බව ‌බො‌හෝ විද්‍යාර්ථයින් විශ්වාස තරති. ‌මෙයට අමතර ව, ඔවුන් ඵල-අල ආහාරයට ගනිමින් ද, වන මී රැස්වන කාලයට මී කැඩි‌මෙන් ද දිවි ‌පෙ‌‌වෙත සරි කර ගත් හ. වැද්දන් ආහාර පුළුස්සා ගැනීම කරන අතර, අලවර්ග ‌‌බො‌හෝවිට උණු අළුපල්‌ලේ ලා තම්බා ගැනීම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. දඩයම් කිරීම හා ආහාර අනුභවය කණ්ඩායමක් වශ‌යෙන් එකට ම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. වැඩිපුර ඇති ආහාර ද්‍රව්‍ය හිඟ කාලයන් සඳහා කල් තබා ගැනීමට මස් වර්ග වියලීම (හෙවත් කරවල කිරීම), එල්ලා දුම්ගැස්ස වීම ‌හෝ මීපැනිවල බහා තැබීම වැනි ක්‍රියාවන් කළ හ. '''රෑ‌‌හේ නායකයා''' වැදි‌ගෝත්‍රය සංවිධානය වන්නේ 'නායකයෙකු' වටා ය. එ‌හෙයින් විවිධ වූ වැදිජනප්‍රජාවන් සඳහා නායක‌යෝ සිටිය හ. එ‌හෙත් පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් වැදි ජනතාව‌ගේ ප්‍රාමාණාත්මක අඩුවීම නිසා සහ ආණ්ඩුව විසින් ඔවුන් වසන ප්‍ර‌දේශ පාලනය නායකයන්ගේ පැවැත්ම ක්‍රමයෙන් නැති ව ගි‌යේ ය. වැදි ප්‍රජා‌වේ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන නායක‌යෙක් ‌‌ලෙස මෑත යුග‌යේ සිටි‌යේ දඹා‌නේ මහාවන්නියලැත්‌‌තෝ ‌හෙවත් තිසාහාමිලැත්‌තෝ ය. [[image:Vaddas meeting.jpg|thumb|right|150px| පිටස්තරයන් හමූ වූ ‌මො‌හොතක්...(1887)]] ===පවුල් දිවිය=== වැදි ජනයා අතර [[ඥාතීත්වය]] සහ ඔවුන්ට ආමන්ත්‍රණය සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජාව ‌මෙන් ‌‌වෙයි. අප්පිලැත්‌තෝ (පියා), අම්මිලැත්‌තෝ (මව), ආදි වශ‌යෙන් 'ලැත්‌තෝ' යන පාඨය ඥාතිතවයට පසුව ‌යෙදී‌මෙන් ඔවුහු ආමන්ත්‍රණය තනා ගනිති. බිරිද(කුඩ්‌පෙත්ත)ට ‌බො‌හෝ විට, 'නංගිලැත්‌තෝ' යන ‌යෙඳුම ‌යොදනු‌යේ, වැදිජනප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ඇති බෑණා සහ නැනා (ඇවැස්ස හුරා-නෑනා) විවාහයන් නිසා‌වෙන් ය. සිංහල සමාජ‌යේ ‌මෙන් ම, විවාහ සහ ලිංගික සම්බන්ධතා සම්බන්ධ‌යෙන් විවිධ වූ තහංචි පැන වී තිබිණි. නිදසුනක් ‌ලෙස, මාමා සහ නෑනැ අතර, බෑණා සහ නැන්දා අතර ‌මෙන් ම, මවු-පිය පාර්ෂව‌යේ ස‌හෝදරයන් ‌හෝ වියපත් ස‌හෝදර ස‌හෝදරියන් අතරත් විවාහයන් තහනම් විණ. එ‌හෙත් මරණයක දී, මළ ස‌හෝදරිය ‌හෝ ස‌හෝදරයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් සැමියා ‌හෝ බිරිය එකී පවු‌ලේ තව ස‌හෝදරියක් ‌හෝ ස‌හොදරයෙක් විවාහ කර ගැනීම සිඳු විම නිසා, නැවතත් දරුවන් හට ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබිණ. '''පවුල් සම්බන්ධතා''' අඹු-සැමි දිවිය අගය කළ වැදි ජනයා අතර, සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ලැ‌බෙන බහුභාර්යා ‌සේවනය ‌හෝ බහු පුරුෂ ‌සේවනය තබා, පරදාර ‌සේවනය වත් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. විවාහ‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනයා ස්වකීය භාර්යාවන්ට මනා ‌සේ ඇළුම් කළ අතර, එකි‌නෙකාට විශ්වාසවන්ත ‌ලෙස ද ජීවත් විය. එ‌හෙයින් වි‌දේශිය මිශනාරිවරුන් විසින් ‌කෙවල විවහා කුමය ලංකාවට හඳුන්වා දීමට පෙර සිට ම, වැද්දන් අතර ‌කේවල විවාහ ක්‍රමය තිබූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌රේ ගැහැණිය හට මනා ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබුණු අතර, ඇය පවු‌ලේ පළමු ‌කොට, ආහාර‌යෙන් ‌කොටස භුක්ති වින්ද හ. ‌මෙයින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්නේ කාන්තාව වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌‌රේ ‌ගෞවරවයට පාත්‍ර වූ බවකි. '''විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන්''' වැදි දරු‌වෝ කල් ‌නොයවා ස්වකීය නෑන-හුරා විවාහයන්ට ඇතුළු ‌වෙති. ඔවුන් අතර ස‌හෝදර ස‌හොදරි ව්‍යවාහයන් ‌හෝ විවාහයට ‌පෙර ලිංගිත සම්බන්ධතාවන් සිදු ‌නො‌වේ. විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන් ‌බො‌හෝ ‌සේ ලුහුඩු ය; සරල ය. තරුණ වැදි ‌කොළු‌වෙකු හිතගිය තරුණි‌ය‌ගේ ‌පියාගේ ගෙට පැණි මුලක් හා මස් රැ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ‌යොජනාව පියාට පවසන අතර, පියා විසින් ඇයට නියඳ පට්ටාවලින් ඇඹරූ රෑනක් ‌ගෙන ඔහු‌ගේ ඉණ වටා බඳිනු ලැ‌බේ. එතැන් සිට ‌‌දෙ‌දෙනා අඹු-සැමි‌යෝ ‌වෙති. ඒ රෑණ දිරා ගිය කල්හි, අලුත් නියඳ රෑණක් අඹරා බැඳී‌මේ කාර්යය භාර්ය්‍යාව සතු ‌වෙයි. සාමාන්‍ය‌යෙන් මාමලැත්‌තෝ විසින් බඹර වද ඇති තැනක් පවරා දීමත්, දඩ බල්ලන් සහ දුනු ඊතල දීමත් කරන ලදි. සමහර අවස්ථාවලදි මනමාලයා විසින් මනමාලියට ‌රෙදිපිලි දීම පසුකාලින ව ඇති වූ සිරිකත් බව ‌පෙනේ. විවාහ‌යෙන් පසුව බෑනා මාමා‌ගේ රෑණට එකතුවී, දඩයමට සහයවීම සිඳු ‌වෙයි. එබැවින් වැදි ජනයා අත‌රේ පිරිමි දරුවන්ට වඩා ගැහැණු දරැවන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි ඇල්මක් ඇත. '''දරුදැරි‌යෝ''' විවාහ‌යෙන් පසු, දරු ගැබක් පහළ වූ පසු, වැදි ජනයා අතර ආරක්ෂාවන් සඳහා විවිධ [[අභිචාර]] විධී භාවිතා කරයි. පුරාණ‌යෙදී 'පට්ටා යකා' පූජාවක් කරමින් ගැබ් ආරක්ෂා කළ බව ප්‍රකට ය. ප්‍රසූතිය ගල්‌ලෙනක ‌හෝ පැ‌ලේදී සිඳු විණ. ප්‍රසූති‌යෙන් පසු ව විවිධ මස්-මාශ වර්ග අනුභවය නුසුදුසුයයි පිළි ගැනීමක් විණ. එ‌සේ ම කිරී එරීම සඳහා ම ‌යොග්‍යයයි පිළිගත් අලවර්ග ආහාරයට දීම කරන ලදි. දරුවා හට මසක් තුළ නමක් දුන් අතර, යකුන්‌ගේ ‌දොස් වලින් ආරක්ෂා කර ගැනීමට දරුවා ‌බො‌හෝ විට හඳුන්වනු ලැබු‌වේ විවිධ වූ හුරතල් නම් වලිනි. ඔවුන්‌ගේ නියම නමින් හඳුවන්නට පටන් ගන්‌නේ දරුවා වැඩුණු පසු ය. දරුවන් ‌ගේ වයස අවුරුදු හත පමණ වනතුරැත් ඔවුන් නිර්වස්ත්‍රව සිටිති. වයස අවුරුදු දහය-දො‌ළොහ පමණ වය‌සේ දී දරුවන් විසින් ගල්දුනු භාවිත‌යෙන් කුරුල්ලන් සහ කුඩා සතුන් දඩයම් කරති. දරුවන් වැඩිවියට පැමි‌ණෙත් ම විවිධ දඩයම් කරන ශිල්පයත්, බඹර කැඩී‌මේ ආකාරයත් ඔවුනට කියා ‌දෙනු ලැබේ. ‌මෙ‌සේ වැඩුණු පිරිමි දරුවන් දඩයම් සහ බඹර කැඩී‌මේ දී හවුල් කර ගන්‌නේ එකී කුසලතා වර්ධනය කිරීමට ය. වැදි දැරිවිය මල්වර වූ විට, ඇය [[නුග]] ගසක් ‌වෙතට ‌‌ගොස් ගල් කැටවලින් එයට ගැසීමත්, එය කන වැකුණු මව වතුර කළයක් ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ඇය නහවා, හිසිට පසුපසින් එය බිමට වැටී බිඳී සියලු ‌දොස් දුරු කිරීම හැර ‌වෙනත් වි‌ශේෂිත ‌[[කොටහළු සිරිත්]] නැත. පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් සිංහල මල්වර සිරිත් වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වීම නිසා, මල්වර දැරිය කිළි පැලක වැඩිමහළු කාන්තාවක් හා තැබීම හා ඒ ආශ්‍රිත අභිචාර විධි කිරීම දැන් අපට අසන්නට දක්නිනට ඇත. මරණය වැද්දන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි භිය උපදවන අවස්ථාවකි. එවැන් විට ඔවුහු ගල්‌ලෙන් අතැර යති. එ‌සේ කරනු‌යේ, මළ පුද්ගලයන් ඔවුන් හඹා එනු ඇතයි බි‌යෙනි. වැද්දන් විශ්වාස කරන පරිදි, මරණ‌යෙන් පසු ස්වකිය ඥාතියා නෑ ය‌කෙකු කිරීමට, දින කිහිපයක් මළ පුද්ගලයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් පුද පූජා පවත්වති. '''බාහිර සම්බන්ධතා''' ‌රොබට් ‌‌‌නොක්ස් පවසන පරිදි, ඔවුන් මුව දඩය‌මෙහි සහ දුම් ගැස්සවීම් කිරීම් තුළින් වියලා ගැනීම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. සිංහල මිනිස්සු දඩමස් ලබා ගැනීමට වැද්දන් ‌වෙත පැමිණිය හ. රජු‌ගේ කෑම ‌මේසයට සඩමස් සැපයීම කාර්‌යේ ද නිරිත විය. ඒවාට අමතර ව, රජු හට ඇත්දළ සැපයීම ද, මී පැණි සහ මී ඉටි සැපයීම ද කරන ලදි. රජු ද ඔවුන්ට ප්‍රත්‍යුපකාර වශ‌යෙන් වැද්දන් හට ‌රෙදිපිළි සහ ඊතල ආදිය දුන්‌නේ ය. ‌රොබට් ‌නොක්ස්‌ගේ වාර්තාවට අනුව වැද්‌දෝ වරක් රජුට එ‌රෙහිව පැමිණි යුද්ධවලදී සටන් කළ හ. එ‌සේම, ඔවුහු ඔවුන්ට අයිති ප්‍ර‌දේශ ආරක්ෂා කරමින් රජුට ද වක්‍රාකාර ව ආරක්ෂාව සපයන ලදී. ===වැදි බස=== වැදිභාෂාව ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් කළ පර්‌යේෂණයන් ඇසුරින් විලියම් ගයිගර් වියතාණන් දක්වන්‌නේ, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ඇ‌බොරජිනි වැනි ‌‌ගෝත්‍රික ප්‍රජාවක් බවත්, දකුණු ඉන්දියා‌වේ ‌පෞරාණික ‌ගෝත්‍රයන්ට නෑ සබදතාවක් දක්වන ඇති බවත් ය. [[ආරියන්]] සංක්‍රමණයන්ට ‌පෙර පටන් ඔවුහු ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ විසූ ආදිවාසින් වූ අතර, අනාර්ය භාෂාවක් කතා කළ බවකි (Indian Historical Quartely, XI. pp. 515-516). වැද්දන් විසින් වනාතර‌යේ දඩයමට යන අතර භාවිතා කළ රහස් බසක් වශ‌යෙන් ඔවුන්‌ගේ භාෂාව වර්ධනය වන්නට ඇත. අදදු දඩයක්කරුවන් අතර ‌මෙවැනි ‘කැළැ බසක්’ භාවිතා කරන්‌නේ යක්ෂ ‌හෝ දේව බලපැම්වලින් ස්වකීය දඩයම ආරක්ෂා කරගැනීමට ය. මූලීක වශ‌යෙන් [[ආදිවැසියන්]] ‌ලෙස වර්ධනය වූ වැද්දන්‌ගේ අනාර්ය බස ක්‍රම‌යෙන් [[ආර්යන්]]ගේ පැමිණිම හා සිංහල භාෂාව හා සම්මිශ්‍රණය වි‌මෙන් දැන් භාවිතා කරන ආකෘතියට පරිවර්තනය වන්නට ඇත. ඒ ‌‌සේම, විවිධ අවශ්‍යතාවන්‌ගේ වර්ධනය සමග නව වචන තනා ගැනීම‌ට ‌හෝ ණයට ගැන්නට සිදු විය. ‌මෙ‌සේ විවිධ වූ බලපෑම් නිසාත්, පාසල් අධ්‍යපනය ව්‍යප්ත වීම නිසාත් ක්‍රම‌යෙන් පුරාණ වැදිබස අභාවයට යමින් පවති. ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. වැද්දන්ගේ ඇදහිලි රටාව මළ ඥාති වන්දනාවකි (Obesekera, 'G. Sinhal religion.' In M. Eliade ed. ''The encylopedia of religion, Vol 13.'' New York: Macmillan, 1987.). ===විශ්වාස=== වෑද්දන්‌ගේ විශ්වාසයන් සංකිර්ණ ය. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් නෑ යකුන් ඇදහිම, විවිධ ‌වෙනත් යක්කු සහ ‌දෙවිවරුන් ඇදහම හා ‌බෞද්ධ පුදපූජාවන් ‌මේවාට ඇතුලත් ‌වෙති. ‌‌බොහෝවිට යාදිනි සහ කිරි‌කොරහ වැනි අබිචාරයන් මගින් සශ්‍රීකත්වය උ‌දෙසා කටයුතු කරයි. ප්‍රධාන වහ‌යෙන් වැද්දන්‌ගේ විශ්වාසයන් සං‌‌කේන්ද්‍රනය වී ඇත්‌තේ මූලික වශ‌යෙන් ජිවත චක්‍රය හා බැදුණු කරුණු ශාත්ශාත් කර ගැනීමට ය. ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ජිවිත චක්‍රය අළලා බැඳුණු අභිචාර විධි පහත දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ: {| class="wikitable" !ප්‍රධාන යක්කු ‌හෝ නෑයක්කු |- !අභිචාර විධි!!අදාළ වැදි ඇදහිලි!!අරමුණ |- |කිරි‌කොරහ ||කන්‌දේයකා/බිළිඳියකා/නෑයක්කු ||දඩයම්, මීපැණි සහ අස්වනු සඳහා |- | ඊත‌ලේ නැටුම|| ඊතලේයකා/කන්‌දේයකා || ආරක්ෂාව සඳහා |- |මස්යහන ||කන්‌දේයකා ||දඩයම්, පැණි, සහ පු‌ජොපහාර වශ‌යෙන් |- !යක්කු ‌හෝ ‌දෙවිවරු |- |හැත්‌මේ නැටුම ||ඇ‌ලේ/ග‌ලේ යක්කු ||දරුවන් ලබා ගැනීමට/සශ්‍රිකත්වය |- |පට්ට යකා පූජාව||පට්ට යකා ||ගැබ්බර ස්ත්‍රීන්‌ගේ ආරක්ෂාව, ‌රෝග නිවාරණය |- |කිරිඅම්මා පූජා ||කිරිඅම්මාවරු ||දරුවන්ට ආරක්ෂාව |- |ඊත‌ලේ නැටුම ||කන්‌දේ යකා ||ආරක්ෂාව |- |දො‌ළේ යක් පූජාව ||දො‌ළේයකා ||රෝග නිවාරණය |- |දම්මඩුව ||මරලූ යක්කු || ලෙඩ නිවාරණය |- | රහුයක් පූජාව ||රහුයකා ||පැණි අස්වනු, ‌රෝග නිවාරණය |- |වනගතයක් පූජාව ||වනගත යකා ||දඩයම් හා දඩයම් ආරක්ෂාව |- | රුවල පූජාව|| මිල්ලා‌නේයකා || දඩයම්, මීපැණි, ආරක්ෂාව, ‌රොග නිවාරණය |- |අවනපූජාව ||වැදි යක්කු/ඉදි‌ගොල්‌ලේයකා || දඩයම් දීමට පූ‌‌ජෝපහාර |- | ‌කොළම මඩුව||අලුත් යකා/‌දෙවි || ධාන්‍ය, දඩයම් හා සශ්‍රීකත්වය |- !අවසං‌යෝගික බාහිර යක්-දේව විශ්වාස |- | දම්මඩුව ||මරලු යක්කු ||අස්වනු, නියඟ හා ‌දේව‌ලෙඩ නිවාරණය |- |‌පේන බැලීම ||කිරිඅම්මා (පත්තිනි)/අඹරා‌පොති || හදිහූනියම්, ආරක්ෂාව |- |රීරි,කළු, ‌කොට,පුළුටු, ඔඩි යක්කු හා කාලි අම්මා පූජා ||භයංකරයක්කු ||හදිහුනියම්, එකී යකුන්‌ගේ ආරක්ෂාව |- | මින්‌නෙරිය දෙවිපූජා|| මින්‌නේරිය ‌දෙවි|| සශ්‍රීකත්වය හා ආරක්ෂාව |- | කතරගම දෙවිපූජා ||කතරගම ‌දෙවි|| සශ්‍රීත්වය හා ආරක්ෂාව |- | ගල්ලිරි බණ්ඩාර ‌දෙවිපූජා‌|| ගල්ලිරි බණ්ඩාර ‌දෙවි || සශ්‍රීකත්වය හා ආරක්ෂාව |- !‌‌අවසං‌යෝගික බෞද්ධ/හින්දු පුදපූජාවන් |- |මිහිදන් කිරීම ||‌බෞද්ධ ආකාරයට || මළගියවුන්ට පිං පැමිණවීම |- |දානදීම ||‌බෞද්ධ දානමාන ආකාරයට ||මළගියඥාතීන්ට පිං පැමිණවීම |- | මහියංගන ‌පෙරහැට එක්වීම||‌බෞද්ධ අභිචාර || කරදර විපත්දුරු කිරීම |- | කතරගම්යෑම හා ‌පෙරහැරට එක්වීම||හින්දු අභිචාර || ආශිර්වාදපතා |- |} ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== ජාන විද්‍යාත්මක පර්‌යේෂණයන් තුළින් තහවුරු වී ඇත්‌තේ උතුරු ඉන්දියානු ආර්ය සංක්‍රමණයට ‌පෙර විසු ප්‍රග්-ආර්ය ජනතාව හා සම්බන්ධතාවක් ඇති බව ය. කලාන්තරයක් තිස්‌සේ සිංහල හා දෙමළ ජනතාව අත‌රේ වාසය කළ වැද්දන් එකී ජනසමාජයන්ට ක්‍රම‌යෙන් සම්මිශ්‍රණය විය. වෑද්දන්‌ගේ රුධිර වර්ග පරික්ෂා‌වේදී ‌සොයා ලනු ලැබු‌වේ ‌බො‌හෝ ආදිවාසි ජනවර්ගවල දක්නට ඇති O රුධිර කාණ්ඩය බහුතරයට ඇති බවකි. එ‌සේ ම ස්වල්ප ජන ‌කොට්ඨාශයක A රුධිර ගණය දක්නට තිබූ අතර, ඔවුන් අතර‌වෙනත් රුධිර කාණ්ඩයන් දක්නට නැත (The Blood Groups and Haemoglobins of the Veddahs of Ceylon R. L. Wickremasinghe, Elizabeth W. Ikin, A. E. Mourant, H. Lehmann Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol. 93, No. 1 (Jan. - Jun., 1963) , pp. 117-125). අද සිංහලයන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත ව ඇති පවුල් කිහිපයක් ස්වකීය සම්භවය වැදිජන ප්‍රජාව ආශ්‍රය ‌‌කොට සිදුවිණයි ආඩම්බර‌යේ සඳහන් කරති. == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ද සිල්වා, එම්. ඩබ්. සුගතපාල, ''දඹා‌නේ වැදි බස '' ‌කොළඹ: සරසවි ප්‍රකාශ‌යෝ, 1964. ඉංග්‍රිසි මූලාශ්‍ර Seligmann, C.G. ''The Vaddahs of Ceylon.'' Cambribge Archaeological and Ethnological Series, Macmillan & Co., 1906. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ජන සමාජය]] [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] [[ta:வன்னிய ல-இரோ (இலங்கை ஆதிவாசிகள்)]] 5616 2006-06-11T15:06:34Z Natkeeran 49 ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. [[image:Ceylon Native Village.jpg|thumb|right|350px| ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ වැදි පවුලක් (1910)]] ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරුවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ: මහා වංශ‌යේ සඳහන් වන පරිදි, [[විජය කුමරු]]වා කු‌වේණිය හා දරුවන් අතහැර දමා, විවහාය සඳහා රාජ කන්‍යවක් ඉන්දියා‌වෙන් ‌ගෙ‌නෙන ලදි. එහි දී [[කු‌වේණිය]] නැවත [[ලංකාපුර‌]]යෙහි ස්වකීය [[යක්ෂ]] ප්‍රජාව ‌වෙත හරවා යවන අතර, එහි දී ඇති වූ දබරයක දී ඇය මරණයට පත්වන්ණි ය. ඇය‌ගේ බාල ‌සො‌හොයුරා පැමිණ දරුවන් හට පලා යමට පවසයි. ඔවුන් සමන්-කුළ ([[සම‌නොළ කන්ද]])ට ‌ගොස් ‌ නැගණී දෙටු ‌සොයුරා හා වාසය ‌කොට, [[මලයා රට]] හෙවත් කදුකර ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජන ප්‍රජාවක් බිහි කළ අතර, ඔවුන් පුලින්දා ‌ලෙස දක්වා ඇත ([[මහාවංශය]] පරි. 7.59-68). පුලින්දන් පිළිබඳ ව සටහනක් තබන ගයිගර් තුමා පවසන්‌නේ, ඔවුන් ‌මේ‌‌ලේජ්‍ය ‌ගෝත්‍රික ප්‍රජාවක් වන්නට ඇති බවත්, පසුව වැද්දන් බවට හඳුන්වන්නට ඇති බවත් ය. ‌‌කොළඹ, කළුතර සහ ගාල්ල ආශ්‍රිත ප්‍රදේශ‌යේ සිට කදුකරය දක්වා ප්‍ර‌දේශය ‘සබරගමුව’ ‌ලෙසින් හදුන්වන අතර, එය ව්‍යුත්පන්න වන්නට ඇත්‌තේ ‘පුලින්ද’ යන්නට සමාන පදයක් වන [[සංස්කෘත]] ‘සබර,’ [[පාලි]] ‘සවර’ ‌මගින් ය. ‌උක්ත නිගමනයට අනුව ම යමින් ශ්‍රී සුමංගල හිමියන් හා බටුවන්තුඩා‌වේ ‌දේවරක්ෂිත පඬිවරයාණන් ඔවුන්‌ගේ [[මහාවංශ]] පරිවර්ත‌යේ ‘පුලින්ද’ වදන ‘වැද්දන්’ වශ‌යෙන් ඍජුව ම දක්වා ඇත. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ [[විජයාගමනයට]] ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්සන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌[[ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ්]] ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිවැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ '[[වන්නියලෑත්තන්]]' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. [[සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌ත]]හි ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌[[හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන්]] ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== වැදිසමාජය තුළ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන ධුරාවලියක් දක්නට නැති තරම් ය. ‌බො‌හෝ විට වැදි රැළක් වැදිනායකයකු යට‌තේ පාලනය විය. ආදිවාසි ජන ප්‍රජාවන්හි දක්නට ඇති ආකාර‌යේ, ‌ගෝත්‍ර අතර ‌වෛරයක් ‌හෝ ‌ගෝත්‍ර සටන් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. එක ම ප්‍ර‌දේශයක වරිග කිහිපයක වැදිජන ප්‍රජාවන් සමාදාන‌යෙන් ජීවත් වුව ද, ප්‍ර‌දේශයට ඇතුල්වීමේ දී විවිධ තහංචි ඔවුනොවුන් අතර විණ. සමහර වැදි වරිග‌යෝ ගඟක් ‌හෝ කැළැ ‌පෙ‌දෙසක් හරහා ‌වෙනත් ප්‍ර‌දේශයන් වලට සංක්‍රමණය වූ හ. ‌මෙ‌සේ ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යෙන් ප්‍ර‌දේශයට වැදි ප්‍රජාවන්‌ගේ ව්‍යාප්තවීම සිඳු වි ය. ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. සී. ජී. සෙල්ග්මාන්ට අනුව වැද්දන්‌‌ගේ වරිග ‌බෙදීම ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් ස්වකීය ‌ගෝත්‍ර‌යෙන් පිට විවහා වීම ‌හෙවත් [[බහිර්‌වෛවාහික]] සහ මාතෘ පාර්ෂව මූලීක, ඌරා සහ ‌මොනරා ආශ්‍රීත ගෝත්‍ර විහ්න ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් ‌ගොඩ නැගුනක් බව ය (C. G. Seligmann, The Vaddas, 1911, p.30). භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===දිවි‌පෙ‌වෙත=== මුල් කාල‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනප්‍රජාව ගල්‌ලෙන් ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ අතර, පසුව පැල්පත් ආශ්‍රීත ගම්මාන කරා සංක්‍රමණය වන්නට ඇත. [[image:gathering honey.jpg|thumb|left|150px|බඹර පැණි එකතු කරන අනතුරුදායක අවස්ථාවක් (1887)]] ඒවා වැදි ‌කොරටු ‌ලෙසින් හැඳින් වූ අතර, වරින් වර, ආහාර ‌සොයා ගත හැකි පමණට කොරටු‌වෙන් ‌කොරටුවට වැදි ප්‍රජාව සංක්‍රමණය වී‌මේ සිරිතක් විය. පසුකාලීනව ඇති වූ ගම්වැද්‌දෝ ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් හේන් ‌ගොවිතැන ඇසුරු ‌‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුදු, ඔවුන්‌ගේ සාම්ප්‍රදායික දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙත සම්පුර්ණ‌යෙන් ම අත් ‌නොහැරිය හ. වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් දඩයම් කිරී‌මෙන් ජීවත් වූ අතර, ඔවුන්‌ගේ මුලීක ප්‍රවනතාවය වූ‌යේ ‌ගොනා දඩයම් කිරීම ය. ‌ගොනා ගිරි ආශ්‍රිත ව වාසය කළ නිසා වැද්දන් ද ගිරි‌ලෙන් ආශ්‍රිත දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙතකට හුරු වන්නට ඇති බව ‌බො‌හෝ විද්‍යාර්ථයින් විශ්වාස තරති. ‌මෙයට අමතර ව, ඔවුන් ඵල-අල ආහාරයට ගනිමින් ද, වන මී රැස්වන කාලයට මී කැඩි‌මෙන් ද දිවි ‌පෙ‌‌වෙත සරි කර ගත් හ. වැද්දන් ආහාර පුළුස්සා ගැනීම කරන අතර, අලවර්ග ‌‌බො‌හෝවිට උණු අළුපල්‌ලේ ලා තම්බා ගැනීම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. දඩයම් කිරීම හා ආහාර අනුභවය කණ්ඩායමක් වශ‌යෙන් එකට ම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. වැඩිපුර ඇති ආහාර ද්‍රව්‍ය හිඟ කාලයන් සඳහා කල් තබා ගැනීමට මස් වර්ග වියලීම (හෙවත් කරවල කිරීම), එල්ලා දුම්ගැස්ස වීම ‌හෝ මීපැනිවල බහා තැබීම වැනි ක්‍රියාවන් කළ හ. '''රෑ‌‌හේ නායකයා''' වැදි‌ගෝත්‍රය සංවිධානය වන්නේ 'නායකයෙකු' වටා ය. එ‌හෙයින් විවිධ වූ වැදිජනප්‍රජාවන් සඳහා නායක‌යෝ සිටිය හ. එ‌හෙත් පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් වැදි ජනතාව‌ගේ ප්‍රාමාණාත්මක අඩුවීම නිසා සහ ආණ්ඩුව විසින් ඔවුන් වසන ප්‍ර‌දේශ පාලනය නායකයන්ගේ පැවැත්ම ක්‍රමයෙන් නැති ව ගි‌යේ ය. වැදි ප්‍රජා‌වේ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන නායක‌යෙක් ‌‌ලෙස මෑත යුග‌යේ සිටි‌යේ දඹා‌නේ මහාවන්නියලැත්‌‌තෝ ‌හෙවත් තිසාහාමිලැත්‌තෝ ය. [[image:Vaddas meeting.jpg|thumb|right|150px| පිටස්තරයන් හමූ වූ ‌මො‌හොතක්...(1887)]] ===පවුල් දිවිය=== වැදි ජනයා අතර [[ඥාතීත්වය]] සහ ඔවුන්ට ආමන්ත්‍රණය සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජාව ‌මෙන් ‌‌වෙයි. අප්පිලැත්‌තෝ (පියා), අම්මිලැත්‌තෝ (මව), ආදි වශ‌යෙන් 'ලැත්‌තෝ' යන පාඨය ඥාතිතවයට පසුව ‌යෙදී‌මෙන් ඔවුහු ආමන්ත්‍රණය තනා ගනිති. බිරිද(කුඩ්‌පෙත්ත)ට ‌බො‌හෝ විට, 'නංගිලැත්‌තෝ' යන ‌යෙඳුම ‌යොදනු‌යේ, වැදිජනප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ඇති බෑණා සහ නැනා (ඇවැස්ස හුරා-නෑනා) විවාහයන් නිසා‌වෙන් ය. සිංහල සමාජ‌යේ ‌මෙන් ම, විවාහ සහ ලිංගික සම්බන්ධතා සම්බන්ධ‌යෙන් විවිධ වූ තහංචි පැන වී තිබිණි. නිදසුනක් ‌ලෙස, මාමා සහ නෑනැ අතර, බෑණා සහ නැන්දා අතර ‌මෙන් ම, මවු-පිය පාර්ෂව‌යේ ස‌හෝදරයන් ‌හෝ වියපත් ස‌හෝදර ස‌හෝදරියන් අතරත් විවාහයන් තහනම් විණ. එ‌හෙත් මරණයක දී, මළ ස‌හෝදරිය ‌හෝ ස‌හෝදරයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් සැමියා ‌හෝ බිරිය එකී පවු‌ලේ තව ස‌හෝදරියක් ‌හෝ ස‌හොදරයෙක් විවාහ කර ගැනීම සිඳු විම නිසා, නැවතත් දරුවන් හට ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබිණ. '''පවුල් සම්බන්ධතා''' අඹු-සැමි දිවිය අගය කළ වැදි ජනයා අතර, සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ලැ‌බෙන බහුභාර්යා ‌සේවනය ‌හෝ බහු පුරුෂ ‌සේවනය තබා, පරදාර ‌සේවනය වත් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. විවාහ‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනයා ස්වකීය භාර්යාවන්ට මනා ‌සේ ඇළුම් කළ අතර, එකි‌නෙකාට විශ්වාසවන්ත ‌ලෙස ද ජීවත් විය. එ‌හෙයින් වි‌දේශිය මිශනාරිවරුන් විසින් ‌කෙවල විවහා කුමය ලංකාවට හඳුන්වා දීමට පෙර සිට ම, වැද්දන් අතර ‌කේවල විවාහ ක්‍රමය තිබූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌රේ ගැහැණිය හට මනා ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබුණු අතර, ඇය පවු‌ලේ පළමු ‌කොට, ආහාර‌යෙන් ‌කොටස භුක්ති වින්ද හ. ‌මෙයින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්නේ කාන්තාව වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌‌රේ ‌ගෞවරවයට පාත්‍ර වූ බවකි. '''විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන්''' වැදි දරු‌වෝ කල් ‌නොයවා ස්වකීය නෑන-හුරා විවාහයන්ට ඇතුළු ‌වෙති. ඔවුන් අතර ස‌හෝදර ස‌හොදරි ව්‍යවාහයන් ‌හෝ විවාහයට ‌පෙර ලිංගිත සම්බන්ධතාවන් සිදු ‌නො‌වේ. විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන් ‌බො‌හෝ ‌සේ ලුහුඩු ය; සරල ය. තරුණ වැදි ‌කොළු‌වෙකු හිතගිය තරුණි‌ය‌ගේ ‌පියාගේ ගෙට පැණි මුලක් හා මස් රැ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ‌යොජනාව පියාට පවසන අතර, පියා විසින් ඇයට නියඳ පට්ටාවලින් ඇඹරූ රෑනක් ‌ගෙන ඔහු‌ගේ ඉණ වටා බඳිනු ලැ‌බේ. එතැන් සිට ‌‌දෙ‌දෙනා අඹු-සැමි‌යෝ ‌වෙති. ඒ රෑණ දිරා ගිය කල්හි, අලුත් නියඳ රෑණක් අඹරා බැඳී‌මේ කාර්යය භාර්ය්‍යාව සතු ‌වෙයි. සාමාන්‍ය‌යෙන් මාමලැත්‌තෝ විසින් බඹර වද ඇති තැනක් පවරා දීමත්, දඩ බල්ලන් සහ දුනු ඊතල දීමත් කරන ලදි. සමහර අවස්ථාවලදි මනමාලයා විසින් මනමාලියට ‌රෙදිපිලි දීම පසුකාලින ව ඇති වූ සිරිකත් බව ‌පෙනේ. විවාහ‌යෙන් පසුව බෑනා මාමා‌ගේ රෑණට එකතුවී, දඩයමට සහයවීම සිඳු ‌වෙයි. එබැවින් වැදි ජනයා අත‌රේ පිරිමි දරුවන්ට වඩා ගැහැණු දරැවන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි ඇල්මක් ඇත. '''දරුදැරි‌යෝ''' විවාහ‌යෙන් පසු, දරු ගැබක් පහළ වූ පසු, වැදි ජනයා අතර ආරක්ෂාවන් සඳහා විවිධ [[අභිචාර]] විධී භාවිතා කරයි. පුරාණ‌යෙදී 'පට්ටා යකා' පූජාවක් කරමින් ගැබ් ආරක්ෂා කළ බව ප්‍රකට ය. ප්‍රසූතිය ගල්‌ලෙනක ‌හෝ පැ‌ලේදී සිඳු විණ. ප්‍රසූති‌යෙන් පසු ව විවිධ මස්-මාශ වර්ග අනුභවය නුසුදුසුයයි පිළි ගැනීමක් විණ. එ‌සේ ම කිරී එරීම සඳහා ම ‌යොග්‍යයයි පිළිගත් අලවර්ග ආහාරයට දීම කරන ලදි. දරුවා හට මසක් තුළ නමක් දුන් අතර, යකුන්‌ගේ ‌දොස් වලින් ආරක්ෂා කර ගැනීමට දරුවා ‌බො‌හෝ විට හඳුන්වනු ලැබු‌වේ විවිධ වූ හුරතල් නම් වලිනි. ඔවුන්‌ගේ නියම නමින් හඳුවන්නට පටන් ගන්‌නේ දරුවා වැඩුණු පසු ය. දරුවන් ‌ගේ වයස අවුරුදු හත පමණ වනතුරැත් ඔවුන් නිර්වස්ත්‍රව සිටිති. වයස අවුරුදු දහය-දො‌ළොහ පමණ වය‌සේ දී දරුවන් විසින් ගල්දුනු භාවිත‌යෙන් කුරුල්ලන් සහ කුඩා සතුන් දඩයම් කරති. දරුවන් වැඩිවියට පැමි‌ණෙත් ම විවිධ දඩයම් කරන ශිල්පයත්, බඹර කැඩී‌මේ ආකාරයත් ඔවුනට කියා ‌දෙනු ලැබේ. ‌මෙ‌සේ වැඩුණු පිරිමි දරුවන් දඩයම් සහ බඹර කැඩී‌මේ දී හවුල් කර ගන්‌නේ එකී කුසලතා වර්ධනය කිරීමට ය. වැදි දැරිවිය මල්වර වූ විට, ඇය [[නුග]] ගසක් ‌වෙතට ‌‌ගොස් ගල් කැටවලින් එයට ගැසීමත්, එය කන වැකුණු මව වතුර කළයක් ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ඇය නහවා, හිසිට පසුපසින් එය බිමට වැටී බිඳී සියලු ‌දොස් දුරු කිරීම හැර ‌වෙනත් වි‌ශේෂිත ‌[[කොටහළු සිරිත්]] නැත. පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් සිංහල මල්වර සිරිත් වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වීම නිසා, මල්වර දැරිය කිළි පැලක වැඩිමහළු කාන්තාවක් හා තැබීම හා ඒ ආශ්‍රිත අභිචාර විධි කිරීම දැන් අපට අසන්නට දක්නිනට ඇත. මරණය වැද්දන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි භිය උපදවන අවස්ථාවකි. එවැන් විට ඔවුහු ගල්‌ලෙන් අතැර යති. එ‌සේ කරනු‌යේ, මළ පුද්ගලයන් ඔවුන් හඹා එනු ඇතයි බි‌යෙනි. වැද්දන් විශ්වාස කරන පරිදි, මරණ‌යෙන් පසු ස්වකිය ඥාතියා නෑ ය‌කෙකු කිරීමට, දින කිහිපයක් මළ පුද්ගලයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් පුද පූජා පවත්වති. '''බාහිර සම්බන්ධතා''' ‌රොබට් ‌‌‌නොක්ස් පවසන පරිදි, ඔවුන් මුව දඩය‌මෙහි සහ දුම් ගැස්සවීම් කිරීම් තුළින් වියලා ගැනීම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. සිංහල මිනිස්සු දඩමස් ලබා ගැනීමට වැද්දන් ‌වෙත පැමිණිය හ. රජු‌ගේ කෑම ‌මේසයට සඩමස් සැපයීම කාර්‌යේ ද නිරිත විය. ඒවාට අමතර ව, රජු හට ඇත්දළ සැපයීම ද, මී පැණි සහ මී ඉටි සැපයීම ද කරන ලදි. රජු ද ඔවුන්ට ප්‍රත්‍යුපකාර වශ‌යෙන් වැද්දන් හට ‌රෙදිපිළි සහ ඊතල ආදිය දුන්‌නේ ය. ‌රොබට් ‌නොක්ස්‌ගේ වාර්තාවට අනුව වැද්‌දෝ වරක් රජුට එ‌රෙහිව පැමිණි යුද්ධවලදී සටන් කළ හ. එ‌සේම, ඔවුහු ඔවුන්ට අයිති ප්‍ර‌දේශ ආරක්ෂා කරමින් රජුට ද වක්‍රාකාර ව ආරක්ෂාව සපයන ලදී. ===වැදි බස=== වැදිභාෂාව ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් කළ පර්‌යේෂණයන් ඇසුරින් විලියම් ගයිගර් වියතාණන් දක්වන්‌නේ, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ඇ‌බොරජිනි වැනි ‌‌ගෝත්‍රික ප්‍රජාවක් බවත්, දකුණු ඉන්දියා‌වේ ‌පෞරාණික ‌ගෝත්‍රයන්ට නෑ සබදතාවක් දක්වන ඇති බවත් ය. [[ආරියන්]] සංක්‍රමණයන්ට ‌පෙර පටන් ඔවුහු ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ විසූ ආදිවාසින් වූ අතර, අනාර්ය භාෂාවක් කතා කළ බවකි (Indian Historical Quartely, XI. pp. 515-516). වැද්දන් විසින් වනාතර‌යේ දඩයමට යන අතර භාවිතා කළ රහස් බසක් වශ‌යෙන් ඔවුන්‌ගේ භාෂාව වර්ධනය වන්නට ඇත. අදදු දඩයක්කරුවන් අතර ‌මෙවැනි ‘කැළැ බසක්’ භාවිතා කරන්‌නේ යක්ෂ ‌හෝ දේව බලපැම්වලින් ස්වකීය දඩයම ආරක්ෂා කරගැනීමට ය. මූලීක වශ‌යෙන් [[ආදිවැසියන්]] ‌ලෙස වර්ධනය වූ වැද්දන්‌ගේ අනාර්ය බස ක්‍රම‌යෙන් [[ආර්යන්]]ගේ පැමිණිම හා සිංහල භාෂාව හා සම්මිශ්‍රණය වි‌මෙන් දැන් භාවිතා කරන ආකෘතියට පරිවර්තනය වන්නට ඇත. ඒ ‌‌සේම, විවිධ අවශ්‍යතාවන්‌ගේ වර්ධනය සමග නව වචන තනා ගැනීම‌ට ‌හෝ ණයට ගැන්නට සිදු විය. ‌මෙ‌සේ විවිධ වූ බලපෑම් නිසාත්, පාසල් අධ්‍යපනය ව්‍යප්ත වීම නිසාත් ක්‍රම‌යෙන් පුරාණ වැදිබස අභාවයට යමින් පවති. ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. වැද්දන්ගේ ඇදහිලි රටාව මළ ඥාති වන්දනාවකි (Obesekera, 'G. Sinhal religion.' In M. Eliade ed. ''The encylopedia of religion, Vol 13.'' New York: Macmillan, 1987.). ===විශ්වාස=== වෑද්දන්‌ගේ විශ්වාසයන් සංකිර්ණ ය. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් නෑ යකුන් ඇදහිම, විවිධ ‌වෙනත් යක්කු සහ ‌දෙවිවරුන් ඇදහම හා ‌බෞද්ධ පුදපූජාවන් ‌මේවාට ඇතුලත් ‌වෙති. ‌‌බොහෝවිට යාදිනි සහ කිරි‌කොරහ වැනි අබිචාරයන් මගින් සශ්‍රීකත්වය උ‌දෙසා කටයුතු කරයි. ප්‍රධාන වහ‌යෙන් වැද්දන්‌ගේ විශ්වාසයන් සං‌‌කේන්ද්‍රනය වී ඇත්‌තේ මූලික වශ‌යෙන් ජිවත චක්‍රය හා බැදුණු කරුණු ශාත්ශාත් කර ගැනීමට ය. ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ජිවිත චක්‍රය අළලා බැඳුණු අභිචාර විධි පහත දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ: {| class="wikitable" !ප්‍රධාන යක්කු ‌හෝ නෑයක්කු |- !අභිචාර විධි!!අදාළ වැදි ඇදහිලි!!අරමුණ |- |කිරි‌කොරහ ||කන්‌දේයකා/බිළිඳියකා/නෑයක්කු ||දඩයම්, මීපැණි සහ අස්වනු සඳහා |- | ඊත‌ලේ නැටුම|| ඊතලේයකා/කන්‌දේයකා || ආරක්ෂාව සඳහා |- |මස්යහන ||කන්‌දේයකා ||දඩයම්, පැණි, සහ පු‌ජොපහාර වශ‌යෙන් |- !යක්කු ‌හෝ ‌දෙවිවරු |- |හැත්‌මේ නැටුම ||ඇ‌ලේ/ග‌ලේ යක්කු ||දරුවන් ලබා ගැනීමට/සශ්‍රිකත්වය |- |පට්ට යකා පූජාව||පට්ට යකා ||ගැබ්බර ස්ත්‍රීන්‌ගේ ආරක්ෂාව, ‌රෝග නිවාරණය |- |කිරිඅම්මා පූජා ||කිරිඅම්මාවරු ||දරුවන්ට ආරක්ෂාව |- |ඊත‌ලේ නැටුම ||කන්‌දේ යකා ||ආරක්ෂාව |- |දො‌ළේ යක් පූජාව ||දො‌ළේයකා ||රෝග නිවාරණය |- |දම්මඩුව ||මරලූ යක්කු || ලෙඩ නිවාරණය |- | රහුයක් පූජාව ||රහුයකා ||පැණි අස්වනු, ‌රෝග නිවාරණය |- |වනගතයක් පූජාව ||වනගත යකා ||දඩයම් හා දඩයම් ආරක්ෂාව |- | රුවල පූජාව|| මිල්ලා‌නේයකා || දඩයම්, මීපැණි, ආරක්ෂාව, ‌රොග නිවාරණය |- |අවනපූජාව ||වැදි යක්කු/ඉදි‌ගොල්‌ලේයකා || දඩයම් දීමට පූ‌‌ජෝපහාර |- | ‌කොළම මඩුව||අලුත් යකා/‌දෙවි || ධාන්‍ය, දඩයම් හා සශ්‍රීකත්වය |- !අවසං‌යෝගික බාහිර යක්-දේව විශ්වාස |- | දම්මඩුව ||මරලු යක්කු ||අස්වනු, නියඟ හා ‌දේව‌ලෙඩ නිවාරණය |- |‌පේන බැලීම ||කිරිඅම්මා (පත්තිනි)/අඹරා‌පොති || හදිහූනියම්, ආරක්ෂාව |- |රීරි,කළු, ‌කොට,පුළුටු, ඔඩි යක්කු හා කාලි අම්මා පූජා ||භයංකරයක්කු ||හදිහුනියම්, එකී යකුන්‌ගේ ආරක්ෂාව |- | මින්‌නෙරිය දෙවිපූජා|| මින්‌නේරිය ‌දෙවි|| සශ්‍රීකත්වය හා ආරක්ෂාව |- | කතරගම දෙවිපූජා ||කතරගම ‌දෙවි|| සශ්‍රීත්වය හා ආරක්ෂාව |- | ගල්ලිරි බණ්ඩාර ‌දෙවිපූජා‌|| ගල්ලිරි බණ්ඩාර ‌දෙවි || සශ්‍රීකත්වය හා ආරක්ෂාව |- !‌‌අවසං‌යෝගික බෞද්ධ/හින්දු පුදපූජාවන් |- |මිහිදන් කිරීම ||‌බෞද්ධ ආකාරයට || මළගියවුන්ට පිං පැමිණවීම |- |දානදීම ||‌බෞද්ධ දානමාන ආකාරයට ||මළගියඥාතීන්ට පිං පැමිණවීම |- | මහියංගන ‌පෙරහැට එක්වීම||‌බෞද්ධ අභිචාර || කරදර විපත්දුරු කිරීම |- | කතරගම්යෑම හා ‌පෙරහැරට එක්වීම||හින්දු අභිචාර || ආශිර්වාදපතා |- |} ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== ජාන විද්‍යාත්මක පර්‌යේෂණයන් තුළින් තහවුරු වී ඇත්‌තේ උතුරු ඉන්දියානු ආර්ය සංක්‍රමණයට ‌පෙර විසු ප්‍රග්-ආර්ය ජනතාව හා සම්බන්ධතාවක් ඇති බව ය. කලාන්තරයක් තිස්‌සේ සිංහල හා දෙමළ ජනතාව අත‌රේ වාසය කළ වැද්දන් එකී ජනසමාජයන්ට ක්‍රම‌යෙන් සම්මිශ්‍රණය විය. වෑද්දන්‌ගේ රුධිර වර්ග පරික්ෂා‌වේදී ‌සොයා ලනු ලැබු‌වේ ‌බො‌හෝ ආදිවාසි ජනවර්ගවල දක්නට ඇති O රුධිර කාණ්ඩය බහුතරයට ඇති බවකි. එ‌සේ ම ස්වල්ප ජන ‌කොට්ඨාශයක A රුධිර ගණය දක්නට තිබූ අතර, ඔවුන් අතර‌වෙනත් රුධිර කාණ්ඩයන් දක්නට නැත (The Blood Groups and Haemoglobins of the Veddahs of Ceylon R. L. Wickremasinghe, Elizabeth W. Ikin, A. E. Mourant, H. Lehmann Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol. 93, No. 1 (Jan. - Jun., 1963) , pp. 117-125). අද සිංහලයන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත ව ඇති පවුල් කිහිපයක් ස්වකීය සම්භවය වැදිජන ප්‍රජාව ආශ්‍රය ‌‌කොට සිදුවිණයි ආඩම්බර‌යේ සඳහන් කරති. == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ද සිල්වා, එම්. ඩබ්. සුගතපාල, ''දඹා‌නේ වැදි බස '' ‌කොළඹ: සරසවි ප්‍රකාශ‌යෝ, 1964. ඉංග්‍රිසි මූලාශ්‍ර Seligmann, C.G. ''The Vaddahs of Ceylon.'' Cambribge Archaeological and Ethnological Series, Macmillan & Co., 1906. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ජන සමාජය]] [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] [[ta:வன்னியல அயிரோ (இலங்கை ஆதிவாசிகள்)]] 5627 2006-06-13T12:08:14Z Lee 85 [[වැද්දන්]] moved to [[වැදි ජනයා]]: Moving the article to the most suitable name ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙසෙන ස්ව‌දේශි [[ආදිවාසි ]]ජන වර්ගයකි. වනාන්තර විනාශය, සිවිල් යුධ තත්ත්වයන්, නවීකරණය වැද්දන්‌ගේ ජිවින රාටාව ‌වෙනස් ‌කොට සමාජයට අනුගත වීමට බලකරවන නිසා, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ක්‍රම‌යෙන් අඩු වී, සමාජයට සංකලනය වී, වඳ වීමට පත්‌වෙමින් පවතියි. [[image:Ceylon Native Village.jpg|thumb|right|350px| ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ වැදි පවුලක් (1910)]] ==සම්භවය== ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් [[සිංහල]] ජාති‌යේ ආරම්භ‌යේ දී, ලංකාවට පැමිණි [[විජය කුමරු]] හා [[කු‌වේනි]] නම් ‌ස්ව‌දේශික යක්ෂණියකුට දාව උපන් [[ජීවහත්ථ]] සහ [[දිසාලා]] යන දරුවන් තුළින් සම්භවිත ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌ලෙස ජනප්‍රවාද‌යේ දැක්‌වෙයි. මහාවංශය දක්වන පරිදි කු‌වෙණිය‌ගේ දරුවන් ‌දෙ‌දෙනා සම‌නොල අඩවියට පලා ‌ගොස් ආරක්ෂිතව ජීවති විය. පසුකාලීනව ‌මොවුන් 'පුලින්ද'යන නාම‌යෙන් ව්‍යවහාර වූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ: මහා වංශ‌යේ සඳහන් වන පරිදි, [[විජය කුමරු]]වා කු‌වේණිය හා දරුවන් අතහැර දමා, විවහාය සඳහා රාජ කන්‍යවක් ඉන්දියා‌වෙන් ‌ගෙ‌නෙන ලදි. එහි දී [[කු‌වේණිය]] නැවත [[ලංකාපුර‌]]යෙහි ස්වකීය [[යක්ෂ]] ප්‍රජාව ‌වෙත හරවා යවන අතර, එහි දී ඇති වූ දබරයක දී ඇය මරණයට පත්වන්ණි ය. ඇය‌ගේ බාල ‌සො‌හොයුරා පැමිණ දරුවන් හට පලා යමට පවසයි. ඔවුන් සමන්-කුළ ([[සම‌නොළ කන්ද]])ට ‌ගොස් ‌ නැගණී දෙටු ‌සොයුරා හා වාසය ‌කොට, [[මලයා රට]] හෙවත් කදුකර ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජන ප්‍රජාවක් බිහි කළ අතර, ඔවුන් පුලින්දා ‌ලෙස දක්වා ඇත ([[මහාවංශය]] පරි. 7.59-68). පුලින්දන් පිළිබඳ ව සටහනක් තබන ගයිගර් තුමා පවසන්‌නේ, ඔවුන් ‌මේ‌‌ලේජ්‍ය ‌ගෝත්‍රික ප්‍රජාවක් වන්නට ඇති බවත්, පසුව වැද්දන් බවට හඳුන්වන්නට ඇති බවත් ය. ‌‌කොළඹ, කළුතර සහ ගාල්ල ආශ්‍රිත ප්‍රදේශ‌යේ සිට කදුකරය දක්වා ප්‍ර‌දේශය ‘සබරගමුව’ ‌ලෙසින් හදුන්වන අතර, එය ව්‍යුත්පන්න වන්නට ඇත්‌තේ ‘පුලින්ද’ යන්නට සමාන පදයක් වන [[සංස්කෘත]] ‘සබර,’ [[පාලි]] ‘සවර’ ‌මගින් ය. ‌උක්ත නිගමනයට අනුව ම යමින් ශ්‍රී සුමංගල හිමියන් හා බටුවන්තුඩා‌වේ ‌දේවරක්ෂිත පඬිවරයාණන් ඔවුන්‌ගේ [[මහාවංශ]] පරිවර්ත‌යේ ‘පුලින්ද’ වදන ‘වැද්දන්’ වශ‌යෙන් ඍජුව ම දක්වා ඇත. ඉහත පුරාවෘත්තයට අනුව වැදි ප්‍රජාව ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසි‌යෝ ‌නො‌වෙති. එහෙත් පුරාවෘත්තය කටකතා ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් බිහිවූවක් ‌ලෙසින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන අතර, මෑතක දී වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වූවක් විය හැකි ය. ‌කෙ‌සේ‌වෙතත් උගතුන් දක්වන්‌නේ ඉහත කතාව වැද්දන් ප්‍රකාශ කරන ආකාර‌යෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ද එතරම් එහි සත්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පිළිගැනීමක් ‌නොමැති බව ය. සමහර උගතුන් විසින් ‌පෙන්වා ‌දෙන්‌නේ [[විජයාගමනයට]] ‌පෙරාතුව පැවති ඉපැරණි ‌ගෝත්‍ර වන යක්ෂ, ‌නේසද, මිලක, ශබර වැනි ජන ‌කොටස්වල සම්මිශ්‍රණයකින් වැද්දන් බිහිවන්නට ඇති බවකි. ඒ‌ සේම, වැද්දන්‌ගේ කපාල සන්සන්ධනය කිරී‌මේ දී, ඔවුන් ‌[[ප්‍රෝ‌ටෝ-ඔස්‌‌ට්‍රො‌ලොසිඩ්]] ජනවර්ගයන්ට සමාන ‌වේ. පර්‌යේෂණයන් මගින් ‌පෙනි ‌ගොස් ඇත්‌තේ, ඔවුන් ලංකා‌වේ ආදිවැසියන් වූ [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] හා සම්බන්ධයක් ඇති බව ය. වැද්දන්ගේ සම්භවය ක්‍රි.පු. 15,000-10,000 අතර,මධ්‍ය ශිලා යුග‌යේ විසූ අයතු වූ දඩයක්කාර හා ආහාර එකතු කිරී‌මේ ජන ජීවිතයකට හුරු වූ ජන ‌කොට්ටාශයකට අයත් බව පෙ‌න්. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය‌යේ වැද්දන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදන වචන සැලකූ විට, 'මලදරු' (ගිරිවැසී), වනසර (වනචාරි/වන්‍යවාසි), 'සැරව්' (ඊතල දරන්නා) යන අරුත් දක්වා ඇත. වැද්දන් විසින් තමුන් හඳුන්වා ගන්‌නේ '[[වන්නියලෑත්තන්]]' ‌ලෙසිනි. වැද්දා යනු 'බැද්දා' යන වචනයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වූ වද‌නෙකයි වි.ජ.මූ. ‌ලොකුබණ්ඩාරයන් පවසයි. ‌ගොවිතැන් ‌නොකර, දඩයමින් ජීවත්වන දඩයක්කරුවන්, දුනුවායන්, සහ වනගත වූවන් හැඳින්වීමට ‌යොදනු ලැ‌බේ. [[සිංහල ජාතකකතා ‌පො‌‌ත]]හි ද ‌මොවුන් හැඳින්වීමට 'මස් වැද්දා' යන ‌යෙඳුම භාවිතා ‌කොට ඇත. එහෙත් ‌[[හෙන් ‌ගොවිතැන්]] ක‌ළ, දඩයම් ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුත්, ඔවුන් වැද්දන් ගණ‌යේ ලා ‌නොසැලකුණි. ==වැදි සමාජ සංවිධානය== වැදිසමාජය තුළ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන ධුරාවලියක් දක්නට නැති තරම් ය. ‌බො‌හෝ විට වැදි රැළක් වැදිනායකයකු යට‌තේ පාලනය විය. ආදිවාසි ජන ප්‍රජාවන්හි දක්නට ඇති ආකාර‌යේ, ‌ගෝත්‍ර අතර ‌වෛරයක් ‌හෝ ‌ගෝත්‍ර සටන් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. එක ම ප්‍ර‌දේශයක වරිග කිහිපයක වැදිජන ප්‍රජාවන් සමාදාන‌යෙන් ජීවත් වුව ද, ප්‍ර‌දේශයට ඇතුල්වීමේ දී විවිධ තහංචි ඔවුනොවුන් අතර විණ. සමහර වැදි වරිග‌යෝ ගඟක් ‌හෝ කැළැ ‌පෙ‌දෙසක් හරහා ‌වෙනත් ප්‍ර‌දේශයන් වලට සංක්‍රමණය වූ හ. ‌මෙ‌සේ ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යෙන් ප්‍ර‌දේශයට වැදි ප්‍රජාවන්‌ගේ ව්‍යාප්තවීම සිඳු වි ය. ===වරුග ‌බෙදීම=== වැද්දන් අතර වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, එය කෙ‌සේ ආරම්භ වූයේ ද, එහි ප්‍ර‌යෝජ්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳ පැහැදිලි අදහසක් ඔවුන් තුළ නැත. එ‌හෙත් ඔවුන් තමුන් හැඳුන්වා ගැනී‌මේ දී, මෙකී වරුග ‌බෙදීම 'පෙළපතක්' වශ‌යෙන් භාවිතා කරනු ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වරුග හයක් වැද්දන් අතර පවති: ‌මොරාන වරු‌ගේ, උනාපාත වරු‌ගේ, ඌරු වරු‌ගේ, ඇඹල වරු‌ගේ, නමුඩන වරු‌ගේ, සහ තලා වරු‌ගේ වශ‌යෙණි. මෙයට අමතර ව, වැද්දන්‌ගේ පදිංචි ස්ථානයන් ආශ්‍රීත‌යෙන් ද වරුග ‌බෙදීමක් දක්නට ඇති අතර, ඒවා ‌මෙහි ලා දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ:‌හේ‌නෙ-බැද්ද වරුගේ, ‌ගොඩතලාව වරු‌ගේ, එල‌කොතලිය වරු‌ගේ, සීතල වන්නිය වරු‌ගේ, ගිරාදුරු වරු‌ගේ, තමන්කඩුව වරුගේ, දෙහිගම වරු‌ගේ, ‌හොර‌බොර වරු‌ගේ, යක්කු‌රේ වරු‌ගේ, උනිච්චිය වරු‌ගේ යනාදිය ය. සමහර අවස්ථාවන්‌ වලදි, ආවහා-විවහා සම්බන්ධතාවලදී, ගරුග උස්පහත්කම් සැලකූ බව වාර්තා වී ඇත.සමහර විශාරදයන් දක්වන්‌ගේ වැද්දන් විසින් වරු‌ගෙන් පිට විවහයන් කරත්, බහිර්-‌වෛහිවක සමාජ පද්ධතියක් වරුග ආශ්‍රිතව පවතින බවකි. සී. ජී. සෙල්ග්මාන්ට අනුව වැද්දන්‌‌ගේ වරිග ‌බෙදීම ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් ස්වකීය ‌ගෝත්‍ර‌යෙන් පිට විවහා වීම ‌හෙවත් [[බහිර්‌වෛවාහික]] සහ මාතෘ පාර්ෂව මූලීක, ඌරා සහ ‌මොනරා ආශ්‍රීත ගෝත්‍ර විහ්න ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් ‌ගොඩ නැගුනක් බව ය (C. G. Seligmann, The Vaddas, 1911, p.30). භූවිෂමතා ලක්ෂණ ඇසුරු ‌කොට ද වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් වර්ගීකරණයකට බදුන් කළ හැකි ය. බින්තැන්න ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වන වැද්දන් සහ නැ‌ගෙනහිර පළාත ආශ්‍රීත වහරායි ප්‍ර‌දේශ‌යේ ජීවත් ‌වෙති ‌මොවුන් 'වෙතර්'වශ‌යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. ===දිවි‌පෙ‌වෙත=== මුල් කාල‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනප්‍රජාව ගල්‌ලෙන් ඇසුරු ‌කොට ජීවත් වූ අතර, පසුව පැල්පත් ආශ්‍රීත ගම්මාන කරා සංක්‍රමණය වන්නට ඇත. [[image:gathering honey.jpg|thumb|left|150px|බඹර පැණි එකතු කරන අනතුරුදායක අවස්ථාවක් (1887)]] ඒවා වැදි ‌කොරටු ‌ලෙසින් හැඳින් වූ අතර, වරින් වර, ආහාර ‌සොයා ගත හැකි පමණට කොරටු‌වෙන් ‌කොරටුවට වැදි ප්‍රජාව සංක්‍රමණය වී‌මේ සිරිතක් විය. පසුකාලීනව ඇති වූ ගම්වැද්‌දෝ ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් හේන් ‌ගොවිතැන ඇසුරු ‌‌කොට ජීවත් වූ නමුදු, ඔවුන්‌ගේ සාම්ප්‍රදායික දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙත සම්පුර්ණ‌යෙන් ම අත් ‌නොහැරිය හ. වැද්දන් ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් දඩයම් කිරී‌මෙන් ජීවත් වූ අතර, ඔවුන්‌ගේ මුලීක ප්‍රවනතාවය වූ‌යේ ‌ගොනා දඩයම් කිරීම ය. ‌ගොනා ගිරි ආශ්‍රිත ව වාසය කළ නිසා වැද්දන් ද ගිරි‌ලෙන් ආශ්‍රිත දිවි ‌පෙ‌වෙතකට හුරු වන්නට ඇති බව ‌බො‌හෝ විද්‍යාර්ථයින් විශ්වාස තරති. ‌මෙයට අමතර ව, ඔවුන් ඵල-අල ආහාරයට ගනිමින් ද, වන මී රැස්වන කාලයට මී කැඩි‌මෙන් ද දිවි ‌පෙ‌‌වෙත සරි කර ගත් හ. වැද්දන් ආහාර පුළුස්සා ගැනීම කරන අතර, අලවර්ග ‌‌බො‌හෝවිට උණු අළුපල්‌ලේ ලා තම්බා ගැනීම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. දඩයම් කිරීම හා ආහාර අනුභවය කණ්ඩායමක් වශ‌යෙන් එකට ම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. වැඩිපුර ඇති ආහාර ද්‍රව්‍ය හිඟ කාලයන් සඳහා කල් තබා ගැනීමට මස් වර්ග වියලීම (හෙවත් කරවල කිරීම), එල්ලා දුම්ගැස්ස වීම ‌හෝ මීපැනිවල බහා තැබීම වැනි ක්‍රියාවන් කළ හ. '''රෑ‌‌හේ නායකයා''' වැදි‌ගෝත්‍රය සංවිධානය වන්නේ 'නායකයෙකු' වටා ය. එ‌හෙයින් විවිධ වූ වැදිජනප්‍රජාවන් සඳහා නායක‌යෝ සිටිය හ. එ‌හෙත් පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් වැදි ජනතාව‌ගේ ප්‍රාමාණාත්මක අඩුවීම නිසා සහ ආණ්ඩුව විසින් ඔවුන් වසන ප්‍ර‌දේශ පාලනය නායකයන්ගේ පැවැත්ම ක්‍රමයෙන් නැති ව ගි‌යේ ය. වැදි ප්‍රජා‌වේ කැපී ‌පෙ‌නෙන නායක‌යෙක් ‌‌ලෙස මෑත යුග‌යේ සිටි‌යේ දඹා‌නේ මහාවන්නියලැත්‌‌තෝ ‌හෙවත් තිසාහාමිලැත්‌තෝ ය. [[image:Vaddas meeting.jpg|thumb|right|150px| පිටස්තරයන් හමූ වූ ‌මො‌හොතක්...(1887)]] ===පවුල් දිවිය=== වැදි ජනයා අතර [[ඥාතීත්වය]] සහ ඔවුන්ට ආමන්ත්‍රණය සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජාව ‌මෙන් ‌‌වෙයි. අප්පිලැත්‌තෝ (පියා), අම්මිලැත්‌තෝ (මව), ආදි වශ‌යෙන් 'ලැත්‌තෝ' යන පාඨය ඥාතිතවයට පසුව ‌යෙදී‌මෙන් ඔවුහු ආමන්ත්‍රණය තනා ගනිති. බිරිද(කුඩ්‌පෙත්ත)ට ‌බො‌හෝ විට, 'නංගිලැත්‌තෝ' යන ‌යෙඳුම ‌යොදනු‌යේ, වැදිජනප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ඇති බෑණා සහ නැනා (ඇවැස්ස හුරා-නෑනා) විවාහයන් නිසා‌වෙන් ය. සිංහල සමාජ‌යේ ‌මෙන් ම, විවාහ සහ ලිංගික සම්බන්ධතා සම්බන්ධ‌යෙන් විවිධ වූ තහංචි පැන වී තිබිණි. නිදසුනක් ‌ලෙස, මාමා සහ නෑනැ අතර, බෑණා සහ නැන්දා අතර ‌මෙන් ම, මවු-පිය පාර්ෂව‌යේ ස‌හෝදරයන් ‌හෝ වියපත් ස‌හෝදර ස‌හෝදරියන් අතරත් විවාහයන් තහනම් විණ. එ‌හෙත් මරණයක දී, මළ ස‌හෝදරිය ‌හෝ ස‌හෝදරයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් සැමියා ‌හෝ බිරිය එකී පවු‌ලේ තව ස‌හෝදරියක් ‌හෝ ස‌හොදරයෙක් විවාහ කර ගැනීම සිඳු විම නිසා, නැවතත් දරුවන් හට ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබිණ. '''පවුල් සම්බන්ධතා''' අඹු-සැමි දිවිය අගය කළ වැදි ජනයා අතර, සිංහල ජන ප්‍රජා‌වේ දක්නට ලැ‌බෙන බහුභාර්යා ‌සේවනය ‌හෝ බහු පුරුෂ ‌සේවනය තබා, පරදාර ‌සේවනය වත් දක්නට ‌නොමැත. විවාහ‌යේ දී, වැදි ජනයා ස්වකීය භාර්යාවන්ට මනා ‌සේ ඇළුම් කළ අතර, එකි‌නෙකාට විශ්වාසවන්ත ‌ලෙස ද ජීවත් විය. එ‌හෙයින් වි‌දේශිය මිශනාරිවරුන් විසින් ‌කෙවල විවහා කුමය ලංකාවට හඳුන්වා දීමට පෙර සිට ම, වැද්දන් අතර ‌කේවල විවාහ ක්‍රමය තිබූ බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌රේ ගැහැණිය හට මනා ආරක්ෂාවක් ලැබුණු අතර, ඇය පවු‌ලේ පළමු ‌කොට, ආහාර‌යෙන් ‌කොටස භුක්ති වින්ද හ. ‌මෙයින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්නේ කාන්තාව වැදි ප්‍රජාව අත‌‌රේ ‌ගෞවරවයට පාත්‍ර වූ බවකි. '''විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන්''' වැදි දරු‌වෝ කල් ‌නොයවා ස්වකීය නෑන-හුරා විවාහයන්ට ඇතුළු ‌වෙති. ඔවුන් අතර ස‌හෝදර ස‌හොදරි ව්‍යවාහයන් ‌හෝ විවාහයට ‌පෙර ලිංගිත සම්බන්ධතාවන් සිදු ‌නො‌වේ. විවාහ චාරිත්‍රයන් ‌බො‌හෝ ‌සේ ලුහුඩු ය; සරල ය. තරුණ වැදි ‌කොළු‌වෙකු හිතගිය තරුණි‌ය‌ගේ ‌පියාගේ ගෙට පැණි මුලක් හා මස් රැ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ‌යොජනාව පියාට පවසන අතර, පියා විසින් ඇයට නියඳ පට්ටාවලින් ඇඹරූ රෑනක් ‌ගෙන ඔහු‌ගේ ඉණ වටා බඳිනු ලැ‌බේ. එතැන් සිට ‌‌දෙ‌දෙනා අඹු-සැමි‌යෝ ‌වෙති. ඒ රෑණ දිරා ගිය කල්හි, අලුත් නියඳ රෑණක් අඹරා බැඳී‌මේ කාර්යය භාර්ය්‍යාව සතු ‌වෙයි. සාමාන්‍ය‌යෙන් මාමලැත්‌තෝ විසින් බඹර වද ඇති තැනක් පවරා දීමත්, දඩ බල්ලන් සහ දුනු ඊතල දීමත් කරන ලදි. සමහර අවස්ථාවලදි මනමාලයා විසින් මනමාලියට ‌රෙදිපිලි දීම පසුකාලින ව ඇති වූ සිරිකත් බව ‌පෙනේ. විවාහ‌යෙන් පසුව බෑනා මාමා‌ගේ රෑණට එකතුවී, දඩයමට සහයවීම සිඳු ‌වෙයි. එබැවින් වැදි ජනයා අත‌රේ පිරිමි දරුවන්ට වඩා ගැහැණු දරැවන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි ඇල්මක් ඇත. '''දරුදැරි‌යෝ''' විවාහ‌යෙන් පසු, දරු ගැබක් පහළ වූ පසු, වැදි ජනයා අතර ආරක්ෂාවන් සඳහා විවිධ [[අභිචාර]] විධී භාවිතා කරයි. පුරාණ‌යෙදී 'පට්ටා යකා' පූජාවක් කරමින් ගැබ් ආරක්ෂා කළ බව ප්‍රකට ය. ප්‍රසූතිය ගල්‌ලෙනක ‌හෝ පැ‌ලේදී සිඳු විණ. ප්‍රසූති‌යෙන් පසු ව විවිධ මස්-මාශ වර්ග අනුභවය නුසුදුසුයයි පිළි ගැනීමක් විණ. එ‌සේ ම කිරී එරීම සඳහා ම ‌යොග්‍යයයි පිළිගත් අලවර්ග ආහාරයට දීම කරන ලදි. දරුවා හට මසක් තුළ නමක් දුන් අතර, යකුන්‌ගේ ‌දොස් වලින් ආරක්ෂා කර ගැනීමට දරුවා ‌බො‌හෝ විට හඳුන්වනු ලැබු‌වේ විවිධ වූ හුරතල් නම් වලිනි. ඔවුන්‌ගේ නියම නමින් හඳුවන්නට පටන් ගන්‌නේ දරුවා වැඩුණු පසු ය. දරුවන් ‌ගේ වයස අවුරුදු හත පමණ වනතුරැත් ඔවුන් නිර්වස්ත්‍රව සිටිති. වයස අවුරුදු දහය-දො‌ළොහ පමණ වය‌සේ දී දරුවන් විසින් ගල්දුනු භාවිත‌යෙන් කුරුල්ලන් සහ කුඩා සතුන් දඩයම් කරති. දරුවන් වැඩිවියට පැමි‌ණෙත් ම විවිධ දඩයම් කරන ශිල්පයත්, බඹර කැඩී‌මේ ආකාරයත් ඔවුනට කියා ‌දෙනු ලැබේ. ‌මෙ‌සේ වැඩුණු පිරිමි දරුවන් දඩයම් සහ බඹර කැඩී‌මේ දී හවුල් කර ගන්‌නේ එකී කුසලතා වර්ධනය කිරීමට ය. වැදි දැරිවිය මල්වර වූ විට, ඇය [[නුග]] ගසක් ‌වෙතට ‌‌ගොස් ගල් කැටවලින් එයට ගැසීමත්, එය කන වැකුණු මව වතුර කළයක් ‌ගෙන ‌ගොස් ඇය නහවා, හිසිට පසුපසින් එය බිමට වැටී බිඳී සියලු ‌දොස් දුරු කිරීම හැර ‌වෙනත් වි‌ශේෂිත ‌[[කොටහළු සිරිත්]] නැත. පසුකාලින වශ‌යෙන් සිංහල මල්වර සිරිත් වැද්දන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත වීම නිසා, මල්වර දැරිය කිළි පැලක වැඩිමහළු කාන්තාවක් හා තැබීම හා ඒ ආශ්‍රිත අභිචාර විධි කිරීම දැන් අපට අසන්නට දක්නිනට ඇත. මරණය වැද්දන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි භිය උපදවන අවස්ථාවකි. එවැන් විට ඔවුහු ගල්‌ලෙන් අතැර යති. එ‌සේ කරනු‌යේ, මළ පුද්ගලයන් ඔවුන් හඹා එනු ඇතයි බි‌යෙනි. වැද්දන් විශ්වාස කරන පරිදි, මරණ‌යෙන් පසු ස්වකිය ඥාතියා නෑ ය‌කෙකු කිරීමට, දින කිහිපයක් මළ පුද්ගලයා ‌වෙනු‌වෙන් පුද පූජා පවත්වති. '''බාහිර සම්බන්ධතා''' ‌රොබට් ‌‌‌නොක්ස් පවසන පරිදි, ඔවුන් මුව දඩය‌මෙහි සහ දුම් ගැස්සවීම් කිරීම් තුළින් වියලා ගැනීම කරනු ලැ‌බේ. සිංහල මිනිස්සු දඩමස් ලබා ගැනීමට වැද්දන් ‌වෙත පැමිණිය හ. රජු‌ගේ කෑම ‌මේසයට සඩමස් සැපයීම කාර්‌යේ ද නිරිත විය. ඒවාට අමතර ව, රජු හට ඇත්දළ සැපයීම ද, මී පැණි සහ මී ඉටි සැපයීම ද කරන ලදි. රජු ද ඔවුන්ට ප්‍රත්‍යුපකාර වශ‌යෙන් වැද්දන් හට ‌රෙදිපිළි සහ ඊතල ආදිය දුන්‌නේ ය. ‌රොබට් ‌නොක්ස්‌ගේ වාර්තාවට අනුව වැද්‌දෝ වරක් රජුට එ‌රෙහිව පැමිණි යුද්ධවලදී සටන් කළ හ. එ‌සේම, ඔවුහු ඔවුන්ට අයිති ප්‍ර‌දේශ ආරක්ෂා කරමින් රජුට ද වක්‍රාකාර ව ආරක්ෂාව සපයන ලදී. ===වැදි බස=== වැදිභාෂාව ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් කළ පර්‌යේෂණයන් ඇසුරින් විලියම් ගයිගර් වියතාණන් දක්වන්‌නේ, වැදි ප්‍රජාව ඇ‌බොරජිනි වැනි ‌‌ගෝත්‍රික ප්‍රජාවක් බවත්, දකුණු ඉන්දියා‌වේ ‌පෞරාණික ‌ගෝත්‍රයන්ට නෑ සබදතාවක් දක්වන ඇති බවත් ය. [[ආරියන්]] සංක්‍රමණයන්ට ‌පෙර පටන් ඔවුහු ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ විසූ ආදිවාසින් වූ අතර, අනාර්ය භාෂාවක් කතා කළ බවකි (Indian Historical Quartely, XI. pp. 515-516). වැද්දන් විසින් වනාතර‌යේ දඩයමට යන අතර භාවිතා කළ රහස් බසක් වශ‌යෙන් ඔවුන්‌ගේ භාෂාව වර්ධනය වන්නට ඇත. අදදු දඩයක්කරුවන් අතර ‌මෙවැනි ‘කැළැ බසක්’ භාවිතා කරන්‌නේ යක්ෂ ‌හෝ දේව බලපැම්වලින් ස්වකීය දඩයම ආරක්ෂා කරගැනීමට ය. මූලීක වශ‌යෙන් [[ආදිවැසියන්]] ‌ලෙස වර්ධනය වූ වැද්දන්‌ගේ අනාර්ය බස ක්‍රම‌යෙන් [[ආර්යන්]]ගේ පැමිණිම හා සිංහල භාෂාව හා සම්මිශ්‍රණය වි‌මෙන් දැන් භාවිතා කරන ආකෘතියට පරිවර්තනය වන්නට ඇත. ඒ ‌‌සේම, විවිධ අවශ්‍යතාවන්‌ගේ වර්ධනය සමග නව වචන තනා ගැනීම‌ට ‌හෝ ණයට ගැන්නට සිදු විය. ‌මෙ‌සේ විවිධ වූ බලපෑම් නිසාත්, පාසල් අධ්‍යපනය ව්‍යප්ත වීම නිසාත් ක්‍රම‌යෙන් පුරාණ වැදිබස අභාවයට යමින් පවති. ==ආගමික ලැදියාවන්== වැදි ප්‍රජාව ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් ‌ලෝක‌යේ අ‌නෙකුත් [[ආදිවාසි]] ජන ප්‍රජාවන් ‌සේ, [[ප්‍රාණ වාදි]]හු ‌වෙති. වැද්දන්ගේ ඇදහිලි රටාව මළ ඥාති වන්දනාවකි (Obesekera, 'G. Sinhal religion.' In M. Eliade ed. ''The encylopedia of religion, Vol 13.'' New York: Macmillan, 1987.). ===විශ්වාස=== වෑද්දන්‌ගේ විශ්වාසයන් සංකිර්ණ ය. ප්‍රධාන වශ‌යෙන් නෑ යකුන් ඇදහිම, විවිධ ‌වෙනත් යක්කු සහ ‌දෙවිවරුන් ඇදහම හා ‌බෞද්ධ පුදපූජාවන් ‌මේවාට ඇතුලත් ‌වෙති. ‌‌බොහෝවිට යාදිනි සහ කිරි‌කොරහ වැනි අබිචාරයන් මගින් සශ්‍රීකත්වය උ‌දෙසා කටයුතු කරයි. ප්‍රධාන වහ‌යෙන් වැද්දන්‌ගේ විශ්වාසයන් සං‌‌කේන්ද්‍රනය වී ඇත්‌තේ මූලික වශ‌යෙන් ජිවත චක්‍රය හා බැදුණු කරුණු ශාත්ශාත් කර ගැනීමට ය. ===අභිචාරවිධි=== ජිවිත චක්‍රය අළලා බැඳුණු අභිචාර විධි පහත දක්වනු ලැ‌බේ: {| class="wikitable" !ප්‍රධාන යක්කු ‌හෝ නෑයක්කු |- !අභිචාර විධි!!අදාළ වැදි ඇදහිලි!!අරමුණ |- |කිරි‌කොරහ ||කන්‌දේයකා/බිළිඳියකා/නෑයක්කු ||දඩයම්, මීපැණි සහ අස්වනු සඳහා |- | ඊත‌ලේ නැටුම|| ඊතලේයකා/කන්‌දේයකා || ආරක්ෂාව සඳහා |- |මස්යහන ||කන්‌දේයකා ||දඩයම්, පැණි, සහ පු‌ජොපහාර වශ‌යෙන් |- !යක්කු ‌හෝ ‌දෙවිවරු |- |හැත්‌මේ නැටුම ||ඇ‌ලේ/ග‌ලේ යක්කු ||දරුවන් ලබා ගැනීමට/සශ්‍රිකත්වය |- |පට්ට යකා පූජාව||පට්ට යකා ||ගැබ්බර ස්ත්‍රීන්‌ගේ ආරක්ෂාව, ‌රෝග නිවාරණය |- |කිරිඅම්මා පූජා ||කිරිඅම්මාවරු ||දරුවන්ට ආරක්ෂාව |- |ඊත‌ලේ නැටුම ||කන්‌දේ යකා ||ආරක්ෂාව |- |දො‌ළේ යක් පූජාව ||දො‌ළේයකා ||රෝග නිවාරණය |- |දම්මඩුව ||මරලූ යක්කු || ලෙඩ නිවාරණය |- | රහුයක් පූජාව ||රහුයකා ||පැණි අස්වනු, ‌රෝග නිවාරණය |- |වනගතයක් පූජාව ||වනගත යකා ||දඩයම් හා දඩයම් ආරක්ෂාව |- | රුවල පූජාව|| මිල්ලා‌නේයකා || දඩයම්, මීපැණි, ආරක්ෂාව, ‌රොග නිවාරණය |- |අවනපූජාව ||වැදි යක්කු/ඉදි‌ගොල්‌ලේයකා || දඩයම් දීමට පූ‌‌ජෝපහාර |- | ‌කොළම මඩුව||අලුත් යකා/‌දෙවි || ධාන්‍ය, දඩයම් හා සශ්‍රීකත්වය |- !අවසං‌යෝගික බාහිර යක්-දේව විශ්වාස |- | දම්මඩුව ||මරලු යක්කු ||අස්වනු, නියඟ හා ‌දේව‌ලෙඩ නිවාරණය |- |‌පේන බැලීම ||කිරිඅම්මා (පත්තිනි)/අඹරා‌පොති || හදිහූනියම්, ආරක්ෂාව |- |රීරි,කළු, ‌කොට,පුළුටු, ඔඩි යක්කු හා කාලි අම්මා පූජා ||භයංකරයක්කු ||හදිහුනියම්, එකී යකුන්‌ගේ ආරක්ෂාව |- | මින්‌නෙරිය දෙවිපූජා|| මින්‌නේරිය ‌දෙවි|| සශ්‍රීකත්වය හා ආරක්ෂාව |- | කතරගම දෙවිපූජා ||කතරගම ‌දෙවි|| සශ්‍රීත්වය හා ආරක්ෂාව |- | ගල්ලිරි බණ්ඩාර ‌දෙවිපූජා‌|| ගල්ලිරි බණ්ඩාර ‌දෙවි || සශ්‍රීකත්වය හා ආරක්ෂාව |- !‌‌අවසං‌යෝගික බෞද්ධ/හින්දු පුදපූජාවන් |- |මිහිදන් කිරීම ||‌බෞද්ධ ආකාරයට || මළගියවුන්ට පිං පැමිණවීම |- |දානදීම ||‌බෞද්ධ දානමාන ආකාරයට ||මළගියඥාතීන්ට පිං පැමිණවීම |- | මහියංගන ‌පෙරහැට එක්වීම||‌බෞද්ධ අභිචාර || කරදර විපත්දුරු කිරීම |- | කතරගම්යෑම හා ‌පෙරහැරට එක්වීම||හින්දු අභිචාර || ආශිර්වාදපතා |- |} ==ජානවිද්‍යාත්මක අධ්‍යනයන්== ජාන විද්‍යාත්මක පර්‌යේෂණයන් තුළින් තහවුරු වී ඇත්‌තේ උතුරු ඉන්දියානු ආර්ය සංක්‍රමණයට ‌පෙර විසු ප්‍රග්-ආර්ය ජනතාව හා සම්බන්ධතාවක් ඇති බව ය. කලාන්තරයක් තිස්‌සේ සිංහල හා දෙමළ ජනතාව අත‌රේ වාසය කළ වැද්දන් එකී ජනසමාජයන්ට ක්‍රම‌යෙන් සම්මිශ්‍රණය විය. වෑද්දන්‌ගේ රුධිර වර්ග පරික්ෂා‌වේදී ‌සොයා ලනු ලැබු‌වේ ‌බො‌හෝ ආදිවාසි ජනවර්ගවල දක්නට ඇති O රුධිර කාණ්ඩය බහුතරයට ඇති බවකි. එ‌සේ ම ස්වල්ප ජන ‌කොට්ඨාශයක A රුධිර ගණය දක්නට තිබූ අතර, ඔවුන් අතර‌වෙනත් රුධිර කාණ්ඩයන් දක්නට නැත (The Blood Groups and Haemoglobins of the Veddahs of Ceylon R. L. Wickremasinghe, Elizabeth W. Ikin, A. E. Mourant, H. Lehmann Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol. 93, No. 1 (Jan. - Jun., 1963) , pp. 117-125). අද සිංහලයන් අතර ප්‍රචලිත ව ඇති පවුල් කිහිපයක් ස්වකීය සම්භවය වැදිජන ප්‍රජාව ආශ්‍රය ‌‌කොට සිදුවිණයි ආඩම්බර‌යේ සඳහන් කරති. == වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා == මීගස්කුඹුර, පී.බී., ''සිරිලක වැදිජන පුරාණය.''‌ කොට්‌ටේ:පිනිදිය ප්‍රකාශක‌යෝ, 1995. ද සිල්වා, එම්. ඩබ්. සුගතපාල, ''දඹා‌නේ වැදි බස '' ‌කොළඹ: සරසවි ප්‍රකාශ‌යෝ, 1964. ඉංග්‍රිසි මූලාශ්‍ර Seligmann, C.G. ''The Vaddahs of Ceylon.'' Cambribge Archaeological and Ethnological Series, Macmillan & Co., 1906. ==අඩවි‌යෙන් බැහැර පිටු== '''A great deal of information on them can be found at [http://vedda.org Vedda.org]''' * [http://www.survival-international.org/tribes.php?tribe_id=59 Survival International profile on the Wanniyala-Aetto] *[http://www.srilankareference.org/srilankahistory/thammanna.htm Sri Lankan history] *[http://vedda.org/lullaby.htm Vedda lore] *[http://vedda.org/seligmann-coastal-veddas.htm East coast Veddas] *[http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/veddha/veddha_1.htm Veddas - now only a household name] පිටු සැකැස්ම: රවින් කල්‌‌දේරා විසිනි. [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ජන සමාජය]] [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] [[ta:வன்னியல அயிரோ (இலங்கை ஆதிவாசிகள்)]] රොඩී 1919 5442 2006-05-30T12:28:12Z 220.247.249.142 ‌[[රොඩී]] ‌ලෙස හැඳින්‌වෙන්‌නේ [[ශ්‍රි ලංකා‌]]වේ පහත් යයි සලකනු ලබන [[ජන ප්‍රජාව]]කි. ඔවුන් හට 'හුලවාලි'යන නම ද ව්‍යවහාර වෙයි. [[ජනප්‍රවාද‌]]යේ ‌ලෙස ‌[[රොඩී]] රැලට නැයක රත්නවල්ලි යයි කියනු ලැ‌බේ. රත්නවල්ලී ‌ලෙසින් හඳුන්වන්‌නේ [[මහා පැරකුම්බා]] රජුන් ගේ දියණිය ‌යයි කියනු ලැ‌බේ. එ‌හෙත් භාවිතා කරනු ලබන [[භාෂාව]] හා ගති පැවතුම් ආශ්‍රීත ව ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුහු වි‌දේශික සම්භවයකින් පැවත එන්නන් බව ය. පුරාණ රජදව‌සේ පටන් ‌[[රොඩී]]න් හට ස්ථාවර නිවාස තනා ගැනීමට ‌හෝ ගම්වැද ජීවත්වීමට ‌හෝ අවසර තිබූ‌‌ණේ නැත. එ‌හෙයින් ඔවුහු තැන තැන යන්‌‌නෝ වූ හ.‌[[රොඩී]]හු තාවකාලික ‌ලෙස අටවාගන්නා වූ අතුපැල ආශ්‍රීත ව ජීවත් ‌වෙමින් ද, අතබලා සාස්තර කීම, වදුරුරැගුම් ‌හෝ නයිනැටවීම වැනි මනුෂ්‍යයන් පිනවීමේ කර්මාන්තයන්හි යෙදී ස්වකීය ජීවිකාව සරිකර ගනිති. 5443 2006-05-30T12:46:21Z 220.247.249.142 ‌[[රොඩී]] ‌ලෙස හැඳින්‌වෙන්‌නේ [[ශ්‍රි ලංකා‌]]වේ පහත් යයි සලකනු ලබන [[ජන ප්‍රජාව]]කි. ඔවුන් හට 'හුලවාලි'සහ 'ගහලයා' යන නම් ද ව්‍යවහාර වෙයි. [[ජනප්‍රවාද‌]]යේ ‌ලෙස ‌[[රොඩී]] රැලට නැයක රත්නවල්ලි යයි කියනු ලැ‌බේ. රත්නවල්ලී ‌ලෙසින් හඳුන්වන්‌නේ [[මහා පැරකුම්බා]] රජුන් ගේ දියණිය ‌යයි කියනු ලැ‌බේ. පුරාතණ‌යේ පටන් ‌කොළපතකට සිඟමන් යදිමින් ජීවත් වූ ‌‌රොඩිහූ, බෙර සෑදීම, ‌කොහු ඉදල් සෑදීම වැනි දැ‌තෙහි කර්මාත කළ හ. [[යන්ත්‍රමන්ත්‍ර]] ‌[[කොඩිවිණ]] [[හූනියම්]] සඳහා දක්ෂයන් ‌ලෙස සැල‌කෙන ‌මොවුන් ආනන්ද හාමුදුරුවන්ට ද, වශි ගුරුකමක් කළ බව පැව‌සේ. ආනන්ද හාමුදුරුවන් පිඬුසිඟා වඩින කල්හි ‌රොඩී ස්ත්‍රියක් විසින් ‌දෙනු ලැබූ ජලය පානය කිරී‌මෙන් පසුව කරන ලද බන්ධනයකින් ආනන්ද හිමියන් වශි වූ බවත්, එය කැපීමට ජලනන්දන නැමැති පිරිත බුදුන් ‌දේවා වදාළ බවත් ප්‍රකට ය.‌මේ කතාවස්තුව පසුකාලයක නිර්මාණය වූ‌යේයයි සැලකිය හැකි ‌පෙ‌නෙන නමුත් එයින් ‌රොඩීන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි වූ සමකාලීන සමාජ‌යේ වූ බිය මැනවින් මතු වී ‌පෙ‌නේ.ඔවුන් විසින් කරනු ලබනු යයි සැල‌කෙන බලවත් මන්ත්‍ර ‌ලෙස 'නීච කුල බන්ධනය' සහ 'මහා මාතාංග' නමින් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. පුරාණ රජදව‌සේ පටන් ‌[[රොඩී]]න් හට [[අහිකුණ්ඨක]] ස්ථාවර නිවාස තනා ගැනීමට ‌හෝ ගම්වැද ජීවත්වීමට ‌හෝ අවසර තිබූ‌‌ණේ නැත. එ‌හෙත් පසුකාලීන ව, ඔවුන්ට ම ‌වෙන් වූ ගම්මාන තිබිණි. ඒවා 'ඟුබ්බෑයම්' ලෙසින් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. -රවින් කල්‌දේරා 5444 2006-05-30T12:47:28Z 220.247.249.142 ‌[[රොඩී]] ‌ලෙස හැඳින්‌වෙන්‌නේ [[ශ්‍රි ලංකා‌]]වේ පහත් යයි සලකනු ලබන [[ජන ප්‍රජාව]]කි. ඔවුන් හට 'හුලවාලි'සහ 'ගහලයා' යන නම් ද ව්‍යවහාර වෙයි. [[ජනප්‍රවාද‌]]යේ ‌ලෙස ‌[[රොඩී]] රැලට නායක රත්නවල්ලි යයි කියනු ලැ‌බේ. රත්නවල්ලී ‌ලෙසින් හඳුන්වන්‌නේ [[මහා පැරකුම්බා]] රජුන් ගේ දියණිය ‌යයි කියනු ලැ‌බේ. පුරාතණ‌යේ පටන් ‌කොළපතකට සිඟමන් යදිමින් ජීවත් වූ ‌‌රොඩිහූ, බෙර සෑදීම, ‌කොහු ඉදල් සෑදීම වැනි දැ‌තෙහි කර්මාත කළ හ. [[යන්ත්‍රමන්ත්‍ර]] ‌[[කොඩිවිණ]] [[හූනියම්]] සඳහා දක්ෂයන් ‌ලෙස සැල‌කෙන ‌මොවුන් ආනන්ද හාමුදුරුවන්ට ද, වශි ගුරුකමක් කළ බව පැව‌සේ. ආනන්ද හාමුදුරුවන් පිඬුසිඟා වඩින කල්හි ‌රොඩී ස්ත්‍රියක් විසින් ‌දෙනු ලැබූ ජලය පානය කිරී‌මෙන් පසුව කරන ලද බන්ධනයකින් ආනන්ද හිමියන් වශි වූ බවත්, එය කැපීමට ජලනන්දන නැමැති පිරිත බුදුන් ‌දේවා වදාළ බවත් ප්‍රකට ය.‌මේ කතාවස්තුව පසුකාලයක නිර්මාණය වූ‌යේයයි සැලකිය හැකි ‌පෙ‌නෙන නමුත් එයින් ‌රොඩීන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි වූ සමකාලීන සමාජ‌යේ වූ බිය මැනවින් මතු වී ‌පෙ‌නේ.ඔවුන් විසින් කරනු ලබනු යයි සැල‌කෙන බලවත් මන්ත්‍ර ‌ලෙස 'නීච කුල බන්ධනය' සහ 'මහා මාතාංග' නමින් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. පුරාණ රජදව‌සේ පටන් ‌[[රොඩී]]න් හට [[අහිකුණ්ඨක]] ස්ථාවර නිවාස තනා ගැනීමට ‌හෝ ගම්වැද ජීවත්වීමට ‌හෝ අවසර තිබූ‌‌ණේ නැත. එ‌හෙත් පසුකාලීන ව, ඔවුන්ට ම ‌වෙන් වූ ගම්මාන තිබිණි. ඒවා 'ඟුබ්බෑයම්' ලෙසින් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. -රවින් කල්‌දේරා 5446 2006-05-30T12:52:02Z 220.247.249.142 ‌[[රොඩී]] ‌ලෙස හැඳින්‌වෙන්‌නේ [[ශ්‍රි ලංකා‌]]වේ පහත් යයි සලකනු ලබන [[ජන ප්‍රජාව]]කි. ඔවුන් හට 'හුලවාලි'සහ 'ගහලයා' යන නම් ද ව්‍යවහාර වෙයි. [[ජනප්‍රවාද‌]]යේ ‌ලෙස ‌[[රොඩී]] රැලට නායක රත්නවල්ලි යයි කියනු ලැ‌බේ. රත්නවල්ලී ‌ලෙසින් හඳුන්වන්‌නේ [[මහා පැරකුම්බා]] රජුන් ගේ දියණිය ‌යයි කියනු ලැ‌බේ. පුරාතණ‌යේ පටන් ‌කොළපතකට සිඟමන් යදිමින් ජීවත් වූ ‌‌රොඩිහූ, බෙර සෑදීම, ‌කොහු ඉදල් සෑදීම වැනි දැ‌තෙහි කර්මාත කළ හ. [[යන්ත්‍රමන්ත්‍ර]], ‌[[කොඩිවිණ]], [[හූනියම්]] සඳහා දක්ෂයන් ‌ලෙස සැල‌කෙන ‌මොවුන් ආනන්ද හාමුදුරුවන්ට ද, වශි ගුරුකමක් කළ බව පැව‌සේ. ආනන්ද හාමුදුරුවන් පිඬුසිඟා වඩින කල්හි ‌රොඩී ස්ත්‍රියක් විසින් ‌දෙනු ලැබූ ජලය පානය කිරී‌මෙන් පසුව කරන ලද බන්ධනයකින් ආනන්ද හිමියන් වශි වූ බවත්, එය කැපීමට ජලනන්දන නැමැති පිරිත බුදුන් ‌දේවා වදාළ බවත් ප්‍රකට ය.‌මේ කතාවස්තුව පසුකාලයක නිර්මාණය වූ‌යේයයි සැලකිය හැකි ‌පෙ‌නෙන නමුත් එයින් ‌රොඩීන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි වූ සමකාලීන සමාජ‌යේ වූ බිය මැනවින් මතු වී ‌පෙ‌නේ.ඔවුන් විසින් කරනු ලබනු යයි සැල‌කෙන බලවත් මන්ත්‍ර ‌ලෙස 'නීච කුල බන්ධනය' සහ 'මහා මාතාංග' නමින් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. පුරාණ රජදව‌සේ පටන් ‌[[රොඩී]]න් හට [[අහිකුණ්ඨක]] ස්ථාවර නිවාස තනා ගැනීමට ‌හෝ ගම්වැද ජීවත්වීමට ‌හෝ අවසර තිබූ‌‌ණේ නැත. එ‌හෙත් පසුකාලීන ව, ඔවුන්ට ම ‌වෙන් වූ ගම්මාන තිබිණි. ඒවා 'ඟුබ්බෑයම්' ලෙසින් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. මූලාශ්‍රය: ඇස්. ආර්. දි‌යොනිස් සහ රවින් කල්‌දේරා. 5447 2006-05-30T12:53:21Z 220.247.249.142 ‌[[රොඩී]] ‌ලෙස හැඳින්‌වෙන්‌නේ [[ශ්‍රි ලංකා‌]]වේ පහත් යයි සලකනු ලබන [[ජන ප්‍රජාව]]කි. ඔවුන් හට 'හුලවාලි'සහ 'ගහලයා' යන නම් ද ව්‍යවහාර වෙයි. [[ජනප්‍රවාද‌]]යේ ‌ලෙස ‌[[රොඩී]] රැලට නායක රත්නවල්ලි යයි කියනු ලැ‌බේ. රත්නවල්ලී ‌ලෙසින් හඳුන්වන්‌නේ [[මහා පැරකුම්බා]] රජුන් ගේ දියණිය ‌යයි කියනු ලැ‌බේ. පුරාතණ‌යේ පටන් ‌කොළපතකට සිඟමන් යදිමින් ජීවත් වූ ‌‌රොඩිහූ, බෙර සෑදීම, ‌කොහු ඉදල් සෑදීම වැනි දැ‌තෙහි කර්මාත කළ හ. [[යන්ත්‍රමන්ත්‍ර]], ‌[[කොඩිවිණ]], [[හූනියම්]] සඳහා දක්ෂයන් ‌ලෙස සැල‌කෙන ‌මොවුන් ආනන්ද හාමුදුරුවන්ට ද, වශි ගුරුකමක් කළ බව පැව‌සේ. ආනන්ද හාමුදුරුවන් පිඬුසිඟා වඩින කල්හි ‌රොඩී ස්ත්‍රියක් විසින් ‌දෙනු ලැබූ ජලය පානය කිරී‌මෙන් පසුව කරන ලද බන්ධනයකින් ආනන්ද හිමියන් වශි වූ බවත්, එය කැපීමට ජලනන්දන නැමැති පිරිත බුදුන් ‌දේවා වදාළ බවත් ප්‍රකට ය.‌මේ කතාවස්තුව පසුකාලයක නිර්මාණය වූ‌යේයයි සැලකිය හැකි ‌පෙ‌නෙන නමුත් එයින් ‌රොඩීන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි වූ සමකාලීන සමාජ‌යේ වූ බිය මැනවින් මතු වී ‌පෙ‌නේ.ඔවුන් විසින් කරනු ලබනු යයි සැල‌කෙන බලවත් මන්ත්‍ර ‌ලෙස 'නීච කුල බන්ධනය' සහ 'මහා මාතාංග' නමින් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. පුරාණ රජදව‌සේ පටන් ‌[[රොඩී]]න් හට [[අහිකුණ්ඨක]] ස්ථාවර නිවාස තනා ගැනීමට ‌හෝ ගම්වැද ජීවත්වීමට ‌හෝ අවසර තිබූ‌‌ණේ නැත. එ‌හෙත් පසුකාලීන ව, ඔවුන්ට ම ‌වෙන් වූ ගම්මාන තිබිණි. ඒවා 'ඟුබ්බෑයම්' ලෙසින් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. මූලාශ්‍රය: ඇස්. ආර්. දි‌යොනිස් සහ රවින් කල්‌දේරා. 5448 2006-05-30T12:55:19Z 220.247.249.142 ‌[[රොඩී]] ‌ලෙස හැඳින්‌වෙන්‌නේ [[ශ්‍රි ලංකා‌]]වේ පහත් යයි සලකනු ලබන [[ජන ප්‍රජාව]]කි. ඔවුන් හට 'හුලවාලි'සහ 'ගහලයා' යන නම් ද ව්‍යවහාර වෙයි. [[ජනප්‍රවාද‌]]යේ ‌ලෙස ‌[[රොඩී]] රැලට නායක රත්නවල්ලි යයි කියනු ලැ‌බේ. රත්නවල්ලී ‌ලෙසින් හඳුන්වන්‌නේ [[මහා පැරකුම්බා]] රජුන් ගේ දියණිය ‌යයි කියනු ලැ‌බේ. පුරාතණ‌යේ පටන් ‌කොළපතකට සිඟමන් යදිමින් ජීවත් වූ ‌‌රොඩිහූ, බෙර සෑදීම, ‌කොහු ඉදල් සෑදීම වැනි දැ‌තෙහි කර්මාත කළ හ. [[යන්ත්‍රමන්ත්‍ර]], ‌[[කොඩිවිණ]], [[හූනියම්]] සඳහා දක්ෂයන් ‌ලෙස සැල‌කෙන ‌මොවුන් ආනන්ද හාමුදුරුවන්ට ද, වශි ගුරුකමක් කළ බව පැව‌සේ. ආනන්ද හාමුදුරුවන් පිඬුසිඟා වඩින කල්හි ‌රොඩී ස්ත්‍රියක් විසින් ‌දෙනු ලැබූ ජලය පානය කිරී‌මෙන් පසුව කරන ලද බන්ධනයකින් ආනන්ද හිමියන් වශි වූ බවත්, එය කැපීමට ජලනන්දන නැමැති පිරිත බුදුන් ‌දේවා වදාළ බවත් ප්‍රකට ය.‌මේ කතාවස්තුව පසුකාලයක නිර්මාණය වූ‌යේයයි සැලකිය හැකි ‌පෙ‌නෙන නමුත් එයින් ‌රොඩීන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි වූ සමකාලීන සමාජ‌යේ වූ බිය මැනවින් මතු වී ‌පෙ‌නේ.ඔවුන් විසින් කරනු ලබනු යයි සැල‌කෙන බලවත් මන්ත්‍ර ‌ලෙස 'නීච කුල බන්ධනය' සහ 'මහා මාතාංග' නමින් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. පුරාණ රජදව‌සේ පටන් ‌[[රොඩී]]න් හට [[අහිකුණ්ඨක]] ස්ථාවර නිවාස තනා ගැනීමට ‌හෝ ගම්වැද ජීවත්වීමට ‌හෝ අවසර තිබූ‌‌ණේ නැත. එ‌හෙත් පසුකාලීන ව, ඔවුන්ට ම ‌වෙන් වූ ගම්මාන තිබිණි. ඒවා 'ඟුබ්බෑයම්' ලෙසින් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. මූලාශ්‍රය: ඇස්. ආර්. දි‌යොනිස් සහ රවින් කල්‌දේරා. 5459 2006-06-01T12:20:25Z Lee 85 ‌[[රොඩී]] ‌ලෙස හැඳින්‌වෙන්‌නේ [[ශ්‍රි ලංකා‌]]වේ පහත් යයි සලකනු ලබන [[ජන ප්‍රජාව]]කි. ඔවුන් හට 'හුලවාලි'සහ 'ගහලයා' යන නම් ද ව්‍යවහාර වෙයි. [[ජනප්‍රවාද‌]]යේ ‌ලෙස ‌[[රොඩී]] රැලට නායක රත්නවල්ලි යයි කියනු ලැ‌බේ. රත්නවල්ලී ‌ලෙසින් හඳුන්වන්‌නේ [[මහා පැරකුම්බා]] රජුන් ගේ දියණිය ‌යයි කියනු ලැ‌බේ. පුරාතණ‌යේ පටන් ‌කොළපතකට සිඟමන් යදිමින් ජීවත් වූ ‌‌රොඩිහූ, බෙර සෑදීම, ‌කොහු ඉදල් සෑදීම වැනි දැ‌තෙහි කර්මාත කළ හ. [[යන්ත්‍රමන්ත්‍ර]], ‌[[කොඩිවිණ]], [[හූනියම්]] සඳහා දක්ෂයන් ‌ලෙස සැල‌කෙන ‌මොවුන් ආනන්ද හාමුදුරුවන්ට ද, වශි ගුරුකමක් කළ බව පැව‌සේ. ආනන්ද හාමුදුරුවන් පිඬුසිඟා වඩින කල්හි ‌රොඩී ස්ත්‍රියක් විසින් ‌දෙනු ලැබූ ජලය පානය කිරී‌මෙන් පසුව කරන ලද බන්ධනයකින් ආනන්ද හිමියන් වශි වූ බවත්, එය කැපීමට ජලනන්දන නැමැති පිරිත බුදුන් ‌දේවා වදාළ බවත් ප්‍රකට ය.‌මේ කතාවස්තුව පසුකාලයක නිර්මාණය වූ‌යේයයි සැලකිය හැකි ‌පෙ‌නෙන නමුත් එයින් ‌රොඩීන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි වූ සමකාලීන සමාජ‌යේ වූ බිය මැනවින් මතු වී ‌පෙ‌නේ.ඔවුන් විසින් කරනු ලබනු යයි සැල‌කෙන බලවත් මන්ත්‍ර ‌ලෙස 'නීච කුල බන්ධනය' සහ 'මහා මාතාංග' නමින් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. පුරාණ රජදව‌සේ පටන් ‌[[රොඩී]]න් හට [[අහිකුණ්ඨක]] ස්ථාවර නිවාස තනා ගැනීමට ‌හෝ ගම්වැද ජීවත්වීමට ‌හෝ අවසර තිබූ‌‌ණේ නැත. එ‌හෙත් පසුකාලීන ව, ඔවුන්ට ම ‌වෙන් වූ ගම්මාන තිබිණි. ඒවා 'ඟුබ්බෑයම්' ලෙසින් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. මූලාශ්‍රය: ඇස්. ආර්. දි‌යොනිස් සහ රවින් කල්‌දේරා. [[en:Rodiya]] 5505 2006-06-04T08:25:19Z Lee 85 ‌[[රොඩී]] ‌ලෙස හැඳින්‌වෙන්‌නේ [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ]] පහත් යයි සලකනු ලබන [[ජන ප්‍රජාව]]කි. ඔවුන් හට 'හුලවාලි'සහ 'ගහලයා' යන නම් ද ව්‍යවහාර වෙයි. [[ජනප්‍රවාද‌]]යේ ‌ලෙස ‌[[රොඩී]] රැලට නායක රත්නවල්ලි යයි කියනු ලැ‌බේ. රත්නවල්ලී ‌ලෙසින් හඳුන්වන්‌නේ [[මහා පැරකුම්බා]] රජුන් ගේ දියණිය ‌යයි කියනු ලැ‌බේ. පුරාතණ‌යේ පටන් ‌කොළපතකට සිඟමන් යදිමින් ජීවත් වූ ‌‌රොඩිහූ, බෙර සෑදීම, ‌කොහු ඉදල් සෑදීම වැනි දැ‌තෙහි කර්මාත කළ හ. [[යන්ත්‍රමන්ත්‍ර]], ‌[[කොඩිවිණ]], [[හූනියම්]] සඳහා දක්ෂයන් ‌ලෙස සැල‌කෙන ‌මොවුන් ආනන්ද හාමුදුරුවන්ට ද, වශි ගුරුකමක් කළ බව පැව‌සේ. ආනන්ද හාමුදුරුවන් පිඬුසිඟා වඩින කල්හි ‌රොඩී ස්ත්‍රියක් විසින් ‌දෙනු ලැබූ ජලය පානය කිරී‌මෙන් පසුව කරන ලද බන්ධනයකින් ආනන්ද හිමියන් වශි වූ බවත්, එය කැපීමට ජලනන්දන නැමැති පිරිත බුදුන් ‌දේවා වදාළ බවත් ප්‍රකට ය.‌මේ කතාවස්තුව පසුකාලයක නිර්මාණය වූ‌යේයයි සැලකිය හැකි ‌පෙ‌නෙන නමුත් එයින් ‌රොඩීන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි වූ සමකාලීන සමාජ‌යේ වූ බිය මැනවින් මතු වී ‌පෙ‌නේ.ඔවුන් විසින් කරනු ලබනු යයි සැල‌කෙන බලවත් මන්ත්‍ර ‌ලෙස 'නීච කුල බන්ධනය' සහ 'මහා මාතාංග' නමින් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. පුරාණ රජදව‌සේ පටන් ‌[[රොඩී]]න් හට [[අහිකුණ්ඨක]] ස්ථාවර නිවාස තනා ගැනීමට ‌හෝ ගම්වැද ජීවත්වීමට ‌හෝ අවසර තිබූ‌‌ණේ නැත. එ‌හෙත් පසුකාලීන ව, ඔවුන්ට ම ‌වෙන් වූ ගම්මාන තිබිණි. ඒවා 'ඟුබ්බෑයම්' ලෙසින් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. මූලාශ්‍රය: ඇස්. ආර්. දි‌යොනිස් සහ රවින් කල්‌දේරා. [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ජන සමාජය]] [[en:Rodiya]] 5618 2006-06-12T06:54:14Z Ravincaldera 100 ‌[[රොඩී]] ‌ලෙස හැඳින්‌වෙන්‌නේ [[ශ්‍රී ලංකාව|ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ]] පහත් යයි සලකනු ලබන [[ජන ප්‍රජාව]]කි. ඔවුන් හට 'හුලවාලි'සහ 'ගහලයා' යන නම් ද ව්‍යවහාර වෙයි. [[ජනප්‍රවාද‌]]යේ ‌ලෙස ‌[[රොඩී]] රැලට නායක රත්නවල්ලි යයි කියනු ලැ‌බේ. රත්නවල්ලී ‌ලෙසින් හඳුන්වන්‌නේ [[මහා පැරකුම්බා]] රජුන් ගේ දියණිය ‌යයි කියනු ලැ‌බේ. පුරාතණ‌යේ පටන් ‌කොළපතකට සිඟමන් යදිමින් ජීවත් වූ ‌‌රොඩිහූ, බෙර සෑදීම, ‌කොහු ඉදල් සෑදීම වැනි දැ‌තෙහි කර්මාත කළ හ. [[යන්ත්‍රමන්ත්‍ර]], ‌[[කොඩිවිණ]], [[හූනියම්]] සඳහා දක්ෂයන් ‌ලෙස සැල‌කෙන ‌මොවුන් ආනන්ද හාමුදුරුවන්ට ද, වශි ගුරුකමක් කළ බව පැව‌සේ. ආනන්ද හාමුදුරුවන් පිඬුසිඟා වඩින කල්හි ‌රොඩී ස්ත්‍රියක් විසින් ‌දෙනු ලැබූ ජලය පානය කිරී‌මෙන් පසුව කරන ලද බන්ධනයකින් ආනන්ද හිමියන් වශි වූ බවත්, එය කැපීමට ජලනන්දන නැමැති පිරිත බුදුන් ‌දේවා වදාළ බවත් ප්‍රකට ය.‌මේ කතාවස්තුව පසුකාලයක නිර්මාණය වූ‌යේයයි සැලකිය හැකි ‌පෙ‌නෙන නමුත් එයින් ‌රොඩීන් ‌කෙ‌රෙහි වූ සමකාලීන සමාජ‌යේ වූ බිය මැනවින් මතු වී ‌පෙ‌නේ.ඔවුන් විසින් කරනු ලබනු යයි සැල‌කෙන බලවත් මන්ත්‍ර ‌ලෙස 'නීච කුල බන්ධනය' සහ 'මහා මාතාංග' නමින් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. පුරාණ රජදව‌සේ පටන් ‌[[රොඩී]]න් හට [[අහිකුණ්ඨක]] ස්ථාවර නිවාස තනා ගැනීමට ‌හෝ ගම්වැද ජීවත්වීමට ‌හෝ අවසර තිබූ‌‌ණේ නැත. එ‌හෙත් පසුකාලීන ව, ඔවුන්ට ම ‌වෙන් වූ ගම්මාන තිබිණි. ඒවා 'ඟුබ්බෑයම්' ලෙසින් හඳුන්වනු ලැ‌බේ. මුල් කාලීන ඡායාරූප අධ්‍යයනය දී ‌පෙනියන්‌නේ ‌බො‌හෝ‌ ‌රොඩී කාන්තාවන් උඩුකය නිර්වස්ත්‍රව සිටි බව කි. ඒ ඡායාරූපයන් අතර නිර්වස්ත්‍ර රුප ද දක්නට ඇති බැවින්, ඔවුන්‌ගේ හීන කුලතාවය නිසා නිර්වස්ත්‍රවීම ලැජ්ජාවක් ‌ලෙස ‌නොසිතූ බව ය. මූලාශ්‍රය: ඇස්. ආර්. දි‌යොනිස් සහ රවින් කල්‌දේරා. [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ජන සමාජය]] [[en:Rodiya]] අහිකුණ්ඨක 1920 5445 2006-05-30T12:49:11Z 220.247.249.142 භාවිතා කරනු ලබන [[භාෂාව]] හා ගති පැවතුම් ආශ්‍රීත ව ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුහු වි‌දේශික සම්භවයකින් පැවත එන්නන් බව ය. ඔවුන්‌ගේ භාෂාව ‌තෙලිගු ස්තීර නිවාස සදා ගැනිමක් ‌නොමැති හෙයින් ඔවුහු තැන තැන යන්‌‌නෝ වූ හ.‌ [[අහිකුණුඨක]]හු තාවකාලික ‌ලෙස අටවාගන්නා වූ අතුපැල ආශ්‍රීත ව ජීවත් ‌වෙමින් ද, අතබලා සාස්තර කීම, වදුරුරැගුම් ‌හෝ නයිනැටවීම වැනි මනුෂ්‍යයන් පිනවීමේ කර්මාන්තයන්හි යෙදී ස්වකීය ජීවිකාව සරිකර ගත් හ. 5519 2006-06-07T10:39:59Z 220.247.249.183 භාවිතා කරනු ලබන [[භාෂාව]] හා ගති පැවතුම් ආශ්‍රීත ව ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුහු වි‌දේශික සම්භවයකින් පැවත එන්නන් බව ය. ඔවුන්‌ගේ භාෂාව ‌තෙලිගු ස්තීර නිවාස සදා ගැනිමක් ‌නොමැති හෙයින් ඔවුහු තැන තැන යන්‌‌නෝ වූ හ.‌ අහිකුණ්ඨකහු තාවකාලික ‌ලෙස අටවාගන්නා වූ අතුපැල ආශ්‍රීත ව ජීවත් ‌වෙමින් ද, අතබලා සාස්තර කීම, වදුරුරැගුම් ‌හෝ නයිනැටවීම වැනි මනුෂ්‍යයන් පිනවීමේ කර්මාන්තයන්හි යෙදී ස්වකීය ජීවිකාව සරිකර ගත් හ. බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා 1921 5453 2006-05-31T11:10:01Z Ravincaldera 100 ලංකා‌වේ විසූ ආදිවාසින් ‌කොටසකි. යාපනය හැරුණු ‌කොට මුළු ශ්‍රී ලංකාව පුරාම දක්නට ලැ‌බෙන පුරාණ ගල් යුගයට අයත් යැයි සලකනු ලබන ගල් ‌මොවුන් ක්‍රි.පු. 28,000-9,000 දක්වා කාල‌යේ මානවවාසස්ථාන ‌ගොඩ නඟා ජීවත් වූ බවකි. 5575 2006-06-09T08:14:52Z Ravincaldera 100 ලංකා‌වේ විසූ ආදිවාසින් ‌කොටසකි. යාපනය හැරුණු ‌කොට මුළු ශ්‍රී ලංකාව පුරාම දක්නට ලැ‌බෙන පුරාණ ගල් යුගයට අයත් යැයි සලකනු ලබන ගල් ‌මොවුන් ක්‍රි.පු. 28,000-9,000 දක්වා කාල‌යේ මානවවාසස්ථාන ‌ගොඩ නඟා ජීවත් වූ බවකි. ‌කේ. එම්. ඩි සිල්වා දක්වන පරිදි බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා විසූ කාලය අඥාත ය. ‌බෙල්ලන බන්ඩි පැලැස්‌සෙහි හමු වූ හිස කබලක් කාරනිර්ණය කිරී‌මෙන් ක්‍රි.පූ. 5,000-4,000 අතර කලයකට අයත් මානව ජනාවාසක් පැවැති බව ප්‍රකට ය. පශ්චාත් ම්ධ්‍යගල්යුග‌යට අයත් පාංශු ස්ථර‌යෙන් හමු වූ ‌වෙනත් උපංග මගින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් එකී කාලයට සමගාමී ව ජීවත් වූ බවකි. බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා‌ගේ හිස් කබල පරික්ෂා කිරී‌මෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ඔස්ට‌රා‌ලොයිඩ් හා නීයන්ඩ්‍ර‌තොයිඩ් ලක්ෂණ හා මිශ්‍ර රූපතාවන් දක්වයි. 5576 2006-06-09T09:10:21Z Ravincaldera 100 ලංකා‌වේ විසූ ආදිවාසින් ‌කොටසකි. යාපනය හැරුණු ‌කොට මුළු ශ්‍රී ලංකාව පුරාම දක්නට ලැ‌බෙන පුරාණ ගල් යුගයට අයත් යැයි සලකනු ලබන ‌මොවුන් ක්‍රි.පු. 28,000-9,000 දක්වා කාල‌යේ මානවවාසස්ථාන ‌ගොඩ නඟා ජීවත් වූ බවකි. ‌කේ. එම්. ඩි සිල්වා දක්වන පරිදි බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා විසූ කාලය අඥාත ය. ‌බෙල්ලන බන්ඩි පැලැස්‌සෙහි හමු වූ හිස කබලක් කාරනිර්ණය කිරී‌මෙන් ක්‍රි.පූ. 5,000-4,000 අතර කලයකට අයත් මානව ජනාවාසක් පැවැති බව ප්‍රකට ය. පශ්චාත් ම්ධ්‍යගල්යුග‌යට අයත් පාංශු ස්ථර‌යෙන් හමු වූ ‌වෙනත් උපංග මගින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් එකී කාලයට සමගාමී ව ජීවත් වූ බවකි. බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා‌ගේ හිස් කබල පරික්ෂා කිරී‌මෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ඔස්ට‌රා‌ලොයිඩ් හා නීයන්ඩ්‍ර‌තොයිඩ් ලක්ෂණ හා මිශ්‍ර රූපතාවන් දක්වයි. වැද්දන් වනාහි බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා හා මිශ්‍ර ලාක්ෂණිකතාවක් දක්වන ජන ‌කොට්ඨාශයක් බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. ‌ බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා හා වැද්දන්ලාක්ෂණක හා සන්සන්දනය කළ එන්. ඩී. වි‌ජේ‌සේකරයන් පවසන්‌නේ, ඔවුන් දකුණු ඉන්දියා‌වේ විසූ ප්‍රාග්-ද්‍රවිඩ ‌ගෝත්‍ර හා සමානතාවන් රාශියක් පිළිබිඹු කරන බවකි. එ‌සේ ම, ශ්‍රීලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙ‌සෙන සිංහල හා ‌දෙමළ ජනවර්ගයන් සමීප සම්බන්ධතාවක් දක්වයි. මහාවංශ‌යෙහි දැක්‌වෙන යක්ෂ සහ නාග ‌ගෝත්‍ර ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් ම ‌ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් ‌ගොඩනැගුණු ඉන්දියානු සාම්ප්‍රදායික වීරකාව්‍යයන් වන මහා භාරත සහ රාමායනය ආදි‌යෙහි ද, ටොලමි‌ගේ ආදිවාසි ජනතාව ආශ්‍රිත ප්‍රකාශ සැසදී‌මේ දී ‌මොවුන් බලං‌‌ගොඩ මානවයන්‌ගේ පැවත එන ස්ව‌දේශිකයන් බවට කල්පනා කළ හැකි ය. මුල් කාල‌යේ බලං‌ගොඩ මානව ප්‍රජාවන් ගල්ගුහා ආශ්‍රිත දිවි ‌ගෙවූ අතර, මංශ ‌නොපිසා ආහාරයට ගත්බව ‌පෙ‌‌‌‌නේ. ක්‍රිස්තු පුර්ව‌යෙන් පළමු සියව‌සේ දී ගින්දර භාවිතය හුරු වූ අතර, ගිනි මෙලවීම සඳහා ගල් භාවිතා කළ බව ‌පෙ‌නෙන්නට ඇත. ‌මෙකාල‌යේ ඇති වූ සංස්තෘතික වර්ධනයන් දකුණු ඉන්දියානු ආදිවාසි ජන ප්‍රජාවන් හා සමාන වී ඇත. ඒ. එල් බාෂාම් පවසන පරිදි ඉන්දියානු බලපෑම ප්‍රාග්ඓතිහාසික යුග‌යේ පටන් ති‌‌බෙන්නට ඇති අතර, ජී. සී. මෙන්ඩිස් පවසන පරිදි වැද්දන් වනාහි ස්‌දේශික ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌නොව, ඔවුහු දකුණු ඉන්දියානු ද්‍රවිඩ ජනසමුහයක අවශිෂ්ඨයන් බව ය. සී. ආර් ද සිලිවා විසින් එස්. යූ. දැරණියගල මහතා විසින් කළ කැණිම් ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් සනාත කරනු ලබයි. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ජිවත් වූ යකඩ යුගයට අයත් ජනතාව ඔස්ටරා‌‌ලොයිඩ් ජනයන්‌‌ගෙන් ‌මෙන් ම, දකුණු හා උතුරු ඉන්දියානු ජනතාව හා වු සම්මිශ්‍රණයක් බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රාග්-විජය යුගය ද්‍රවිඩ යුගයක් බව ‌මෙයින් ‌පෙ‌නේ. මානව ශිෂ්ඨාචාරයේ ආරම්භය ‌ලෙසින් සැල‌කෙන ගින‌කොනදිග ආසියා‌වේ සුමාත්‍රා ආශ්‍රීත ව ක්‍රිස්තු පුර්ව 13,000-3,000 අතර ආරම්භවූ ජන ප්‍රජාව හා ‌මොවුන් සමීප සම්බන්ධතාවක් දක්වන බව ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ එවුන් විසින් කරන ලද . 5585 2006-06-09T09:42:26Z Ravincaldera 100 පිටුව සැක‌සෙමින් පවති: ලංකා‌වේ විසූ ආදිවාසින් ‌කොටසකි. යාපනය හැරුණු ‌කොට මුළු ශ්‍රී ලංකාව පුරාම දක්නට ලැ‌බෙන පුරාණ ගල් යුගයට අයත් යැයි සලකනු ලබන ‌මොවුන් ක්‍රි.පු. 28,000-9,000 දක්වා කාල‌යේ මානවවාසස්ථාන ‌ගොඩ නඟා ජීවත් වූ බවකි. ‌කේ. එම්. ඩි සිල්වා දක්වන පරිදි බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා විසූ කාලය අඥාත ය. ‌බෙල්ලන බන්ඩි පැලැස්‌සෙහි හමු වූ හිස කබලක් කාරනිර්ණය කිරී‌මෙන් ක්‍රි.පූ. 5,000-4,000 අතර කලයකට අයත් මානව ජනාවාසක් පැවැති බව ප්‍රකට ය. පශ්චාත් ම්ධ්‍යගල්යුග‌යට අයත් පාංශු ස්ථර‌යෙන් හමු වූ ‌වෙනත් උපංග මගින් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් එකී කාලයට සමගාමී ව ජීවත් වූ බවකි. බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා‌ගේ හිස් කබල පරික්ෂා කිරී‌මෙන් ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ ඔවුන් ඔස්ට‌රා‌ලොයිඩ් හා නීයන්ඩ්‍ර‌තොයිඩ් ලක්ෂණ හා මිශ්‍ර රූපතාවන් දක්වයි. වැද්දන් වනාහි බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා හා මිශ්‍ර ලාක්ෂණිකතාවක් දක්වන ජන ‌කොට්ඨාශයක් බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. ‌ බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා හා වැද්දන්ලාක්ෂණක හා සන්සන්දනය කළ එන්. ඩී. වි‌ජේ‌සේකරයන් පවසන්‌නේ, ඔවුන් දකුණු ඉන්දියා‌වේ විසූ ප්‍රාග්-ද්‍රවිඩ ‌ගෝත්‍ර හා සමානතාවන් රාශියක් පිළිබිඹු කරන බවකි. එ‌සේ ම, ශ්‍රීලංකා‌වේ ‌වෙ‌සෙන සිංහල හා ‌දෙමළ ජනවර්ගයන් සමීප සම්බන්ධතාවක් දක්වයි. මහාවංශ‌යෙහි දැක්‌වෙන යක්ෂ සහ නාග ‌ගෝත්‍ර ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් ම ‌ඓතිහාසික වශ‌යෙන් ‌ගොඩනැගුණු ඉන්දියානු සාම්ප්‍රදායික වීරකාව්‍යයන් වන මහා භාරත සහ රාමායනය ආදි‌යෙහි ද, ටොලමි‌ගේ ආදිවාසි ජනතාව ආශ්‍රිත ප්‍රකාශ සැසදී‌මේ දී ‌මොවුන් බලං‌‌ගොඩ මානවයන්‌ගේ පැවත එන ස්ව‌දේශිකයන් බවට කල්පනා කළ හැකි ය. මුල් කාල‌යේ බලං‌ගොඩ මානව ප්‍රජාවන් ගල්ගුහා ආශ්‍රිත දිවි ‌ගෙවූ අතර, මංශ ‌නොපිසා ආහාරයට ගත්බව ‌පෙ‌‌‌‌නේ. ක්‍රිස්තු පුර්ව‌යෙන් පළමු සියව‌සේ දී ගින්දර භාවිතය හුරු වූ අතර, ගිනි මෙලවීම සඳහා ගල් භාවිතා කළ බව ‌පෙ‌නෙන්නට ඇත. ‌මෙකාල‌යේ ඇති වූ සංස්තෘතික වර්ධනයන් දකුණු ඉන්දියානු ආදිවාසි ජන ප්‍රජාවන් හා සමාන වී ඇත. ඒ. එල් බාෂාම් පවසන පරිදි ඉන්දියානු බලපෑම ප්‍රාග්ඓතිහාසික යුග‌යේ පටන් ති‌‌බෙන්නට ඇති අතර, ජී. සී. මෙන්ඩිස් පවසන පරිදි වැද්දන් වනාහි ස්‌දේශික ජන ප්‍රජාවක් ‌නොව, ඔවුහු දකුණු ඉන්දියානු ද්‍රවිඩ ජනසමුහයක අවශිෂ්ඨයන් බව ය. සී. ආර් ද සිලිවා විසින් එස්. යූ. දැරණියගල මහතා විසින් කළ කැණිම් ආශ්‍ර‌යෙන් සනාත කරනු ලබයි. ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ජිවත් වූ යකඩ යුගයට අයත් ජනතාව ඔස්ටරා‌‌ලොයිඩ් ජනයන්‌‌ගෙන් ‌මෙන් ම, දකුණු හා උතුරු ඉන්දියානු ජනතාව හා වු සම්මිශ්‍රණයක් බව ‌පෙ‌නේ. ප්‍රාග්-විජය යුගය ද්‍රවිඩ යුගයක් බව ‌මෙයින් ‌පෙ‌නේ. මානව ශිෂ්ඨාචාරයේ ආරම්භය ‌ලෙසින් සැල‌කෙන ගින‌කොනදිග ආසියා‌වේ සුමාත්‍රා ආශ්‍රීත ව ක්‍රිස්තු පුර්ව 13,000-3,000 අතර ආරම්භවූ ජන ප්‍රජාව හා ‌මොවුන් සමීප සම්බන්ධතාවක් දක්වන බව ‌පෙ‌නෙන්‌නේ එවුන් විසින් කරන ලද . 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'''[[:Category:Mathematics|Mathematics]]'''</h3> [[:Category:Algebra|Algebra]] · [[:Category:Mathematical analysis|Analysis]] · [[:Category:Arithmetic|Arithmetic]] · [[:Category:Economics|Economics]] · [[:Category:Mathematics education|Education]] · [[:Category:Equations|Equations]] · [[:Category:Geometry|Geometry]] · [[:Category:Logic|Logic]] · [[:Category:Measurement|Measurement]] · [[:Category:Numbers|Numbers]] · [[:Category:Proofs|Proofs]] · [[:Category:Theorems|Theorems]] · [[:Category:Trigonometry|Trigonometry]] · [[:Category:Probability and statistics|Statistics]] <h3>[[Image:Nuvola apps kalzium.png|40px]] '''[[:Category:Science|Natural sciences]]'''</h3> [[:Category:Applied sciences|Applied sciences]] · [[:Category:Astronomy|Astronomy]] · [[:Category:Biology|Biology]] · [[:Category:Chemistry|Chemistry]] · [[:Category:Earth sciences|Earth sciences]] · [[:Category:Ecology|Ecology]] · [[:Category:Heuristics|Heuristics]] · [[:Category:Health sciences|Health sciences]] · [[:Category:History of science|History of science]] · [[:Category:Information science|Information science]] · [[:Category:Medicine|Medicine]] · [[:Category:Scientific method|Scientific method]] · [[:Category:Physics|Physics]] · [[:Category:Protoscience|Protoscience]] · [[:Category:Scientists|Scientists]] · [[:Category:Space|Space]] · [[:Category:Systems theory|Systems theory]] <h3>[[Image:socrates_blue.png|33px]]   '''[[:Category:Philosophy|Philosophy]]''' and '''[[:Category:Religion|Religion]]'''</h3> [[:Category:Branches of philosophy|Branches]] · [[:Category:Philosophical movements|Movements]] · [[:Category:Philosophical schools and traditions|Schools and traditions]] · [[:Category:Philosophical theories|Theories]] · [[:Category:Philosophical arguments|Arguments]] · [[:Category:Philosophers|Philosophers]] · [[:Category:Philosophical literature|Literature]] · [[:Category:History of philosophy|History]] · [[:Category:Philosophy by era|By era]] · [[:Category:Philosophy by region|By region]] · [[:Category:Aesthetics|Aesthetics]] · [[:Category:Epistemology|Epistemology]] · [[:Category:Ethics|Ethics]] · [[:Category:Logic|Logic]] · [[:Category:Metaphysics|Metaphysics]] [[:Category:Ayyavazhi|Ayyavazhi]] · [[:Category:Buddhism|Buddhism]] · [[:Category:Christianity|Christianity]] · [[:Category:Confucianism|Confucianism]] · [[:Category:Cults|Cults]] · [[:Category:Deism|Deism]] · [[:Category:Hinduism|Hinduism]] · [[:Category:Judaism|Judaism]] · [[:Category:Islam|Islam]] · [[:Category:Religious faiths, traditions, and movements|Religious Movements]] · [[:Category:Satanism|Satanism]] · [[:Category:Taoism|Taoism]] <h3>[[Image:Nuvola apps kchart.png|40px]] '''[[:Category:Social sciences|Social sciences]]'''</h3> [[:Category:Anthropology|Anthropology]] · [[:Category:Archaeology|Archaeology]] · [[:Category:Cultural studies|Cultural studies]] · [[:Category:Demographics|Demographics]] · [[:Category:Economics|Economics]] · [[:Category:International relations|International relations]] · [[:Category:Linguistics|Linguistics]] · [[:Category:Psychology|Psychology]] · [[:Category:Media studies|Media studies]] · [[:Category:Political science|Political science]] · [[:Category:Social scientists|Social scientists]] · [[:Category:Sociology|Sociology]] · [[:Category:Sexology|Sexology]] <h3>[[Image:Nuvola apps kdmconfig.png|40px]] '''[[:Category:Society|Society]]''' and '''[[:Category:People|People]]'''</h3> [[:Category:Biographies|Biographies]] · [[:Category:Business|Business]] · [[:Category:Communication|Communication]] · [[:Category:Education|Education]] · [[:Category:Ethnic groups|Ethnic groups]] · [[:Category:Family|Family]] · [[:Category:Finance|Finance]] · [[:Category:Gender|Gender]] · [[:Category:Government|Government]] · [[:Category:Health|Health]] · [[:Category:Home|Home]] · [[:Category:Industries|Industries]] · [[:Category:Labor|Labor]] · [[:Category:Law|Law]] · [[:Category:Mass media|Mass media]] · [[:Category:Organizations|Organizations]] · [[:Category:Politics|Politics]] · [[:Category:War|War]] <h3>[[Image:Nuvola apps krdc.png|40px]] '''[[:Category:Technology|Technology]]'''</h3> [[:Category:Agriculture|Agriculture]] · [[:Category:Architecture|Architecture]] · [[:Category:Automation|Automation]] · [[:Category:Automobiles|Automobiles]] · [[:Category:Big Science|Big Science]] · [[:Category:Biotechnology|Biotechnology]] · [[:Category:Chemical processes|Chemical processes]] · [[:Category:Computing|Computing]] · [[:Category:Electronics|Electronics]] · [[:Category:Energy|Energy]] · [[:Category:Engineering|Engineering]] · [[:Category:Free software|Free Software]] · [[:Category:History of technology|History of technology]] · [[:Category:Information technology|Information technology]] · [[:Category:Internet|Internet]] · [[:Category:Manufacturing|Manufacturing]] · [[:Category:Nanotechnology|Nanotechnology]] · [[:Category:Nuclear technology|Nuclear technology]] · [[:Category:Sound|Sound]] · [[:Category:Telecommunications|Telecommunications]] · [[:Category:Technology forecasting|Technology forecasting]] · [[:Category:Tools|Tools]] · [[:Category:Transportation|Transportation]] · [[:Category:Vehicles|Vehicles]] | width="30%" style="border: 1px solid #6688AA; background-color:#efefef; padding:1em;" valign="top" | <div style="padding-left:0.5em; padding-top:0.5em"> <center>'''[[Wikipedia:Category|About Wikipedia's category system]]''' </center> <center><h3 style="font-variant:small-caps;">[[Wikipedia:Quick cat index|Category index]]</h3> <div style="font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;font-family:monospace"> [[Special:Allpages/Category:!|!]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:0|0-9]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:A|A]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:B|B]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:C|C]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:D|D]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:E|E]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:F|F]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:G|G]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:H|H]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:I|I]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:J|J]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:K|K]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:L|L]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:M|M]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:N|N]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:O|O]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:P|P]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:Q|Q]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:R|R]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:S|S]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:T|T]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:U|U]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:V|V]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:W|W]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:X|X]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:Y|Y]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:Z|Z]] </div> '''[[:Category:Categories|The topmost category]]''' '''[[Help:Category|Category help]]''' [[Special:Categories|List of all categories]] [[Special:Random/Category|Random category]] [http://tools.wikimedia.de/~daniel/WikiSense/CategoryTree.php?wikilang=en&wikifam=.wikipedia.org&cat=Categories&m=c&go=Load&terse= Category Tree] </center> <div style="padding-left:0.5em; padding-top:0.5em"> <center><h3 style="font-variant:small-caps;">[[Wikipedia:Quick index|Article index]]</h3> <div style="font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;font-family:monospace"> [[Special:Allpages/!|!]] [[Special:Allpages/0|0-9]] [[Special:Allpages/A|A]] [[Special:Allpages/B|B]] [[Special:Allpages/C|C]] [[Special:Allpages/D|D]] [[Special:Allpages/E|E]] [[Special:Allpages/F|F]] [[Special:Allpages/G|G]] [[Special:Allpages/H|H]] [[Special:Allpages/I|I]] [[Special:Allpages/J|J]] [[Special:Allpages/K|K]] [[Special:Allpages/L|L]] [[Special:Allpages/M|M]] [[Special:Allpages/N|N]] [[Special:Allpages/O|O]] [[Special:Allpages/P|P]] [[Special:Allpages/Q|Q]] [[Special:Allpages/R|R]] [[Special:Allpages/S|S]] [[Special:Allpages/T|T]] [[Special:Allpages/U|U]] [[Special:Allpages/V|V]] [[Special:Allpages/W|W]] [[Special:Allpages/X|X]] [[Special:Allpages/Y|Y]] [[Special:Allpages/Z|Z]] </div> [[Special:Allpages|List of all pages]] </center> <h3>'''[[Reference]]'''</h3> *[[Academia|Academia]] *[[:Category:Lists|Article lists]] *[[Lists of people|Biographies]] *[[List of cycles|Cycles]] *[[Documents|Documents]] *[[Current events]] *[[Current sports events]] *[[Wikipedia:Featured articles|Featured articles]] *[[Wikipedia:Featured pictures|Featured pictures]] *[[List of historical anniversaries|Historical anniversaries]] *[[Knowledge|Knowledge]] *[[Wikipedia:Recent additions|New articles]] *[[Recent deaths]] *[[Reference|Reference]] *[[:Category:Timelines|Timelines]] *[[Wikipedia:Unusual articles|Unusual articles]] *[[Wikipedia|Wikipedia]] *[[List of reference tables|Wikipedia Almanac]] *[[Years|Years]] <h3 style="font-variant:small-caps;">Other Wikimedia resources</h3> *[[wiktionary:|Dictionary]] *Images and media: [[:Category:Wikipedia images by type|Wikipedia]], [[Commons:]] *[[wikinews:|News]] *[[q:|Quotations]] *[[wikisource:Main Page:English|Source texts]] *[[wikispecies:|Species directory]] *[[wikibooks:|Textbooks]] <h3 style="font-variant:small-caps;">About Wikipedia</h3> *[[:Category:Wikipedia administration|Wikipedia administration]] *[[Wikipedia:Category schemes|Other tables of contents]] |---- valign="top" | width="70%" style="border: 1px solid #6688AA; background-color:#FFFFFF; padding:1em;" colspan="2"| [[Image:Physical world.jpg|right|250px|Robinson projection of Earth]] <h2 style="border-bottom:0px;">[[Image:Nuvola apps browser.png|40px]]'''[[:Category:Geography|Geography]]'''</h2> [[:Category:Cities|Cities]] · [[:Category:Climate|Climate]] · [[:Category:Countries|Countries]] · [[:Category:Landforms|Landforms]] · [[:Category:Maps|Maps]] · [[:Category:Parks|Parks]] · [[:Category:Subterranea|Subterranea]] · [[:Category:Towns|Towns]] · [[:Category:Villages|Villages]] {| width=100% cellspacing=10 cellpadding=10 |align=center| [[Image:LocationAfrica.png|120px]] [[:Category:African countries|Africa]] |align=center| [[Image:LocationAntarctica.png|120px]] [[:Category:Antarctica|Antarctica]] |align=center| [[Image:LocationAsia.png|120px]] [[:Category:Asian countries|Asia]] |align=center| [[Image:LocationEurope.png|120px]] [[:Category:European countries|Europe]] |} {| width=100% cellspacing=10 cellpadding=10 |align=center| [[Image:LocationNorthAmerica.png|120px]] [[:Category:North American countries|North America]] |align=center| [[Image:LocationOceania.png|120px]] [[:Category:Oceanian countries|Oceania]] |align=center| [[Image:LocationOceans.png|120px]] [[:Category:Oceans|Oceans]] |align=center| [[Image:LocationSouthAmerica.png|120px]] [[:Category:South American countries|South America]] |} |- | width="100%" style="border: 1px solid #6688AA; background-color:#f9f9f9;; padding:1em;" colspan="2"| <center>For more ideas on how to contribute, visit the [[Wikipedia:Community Portal]].</center> |- |} __NOTOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__ {{Wikipediacats-flat-centred}}  [[Category:Wikipedia categorization|Browse]] [[Category:Categories| Browse]] [[Category:Fundamental| ]]  [[ar: ويكيبيديا:تصفح ]] [[da:Kategorier]] [[de:Wikipedia nach Themen]]  [[es:Wikipedia:Cómo explorar Wikipedia]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Selaa luokittain]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Catégories]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Tinjau]] [[no:Wikipedia:Kategorier]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Kategorie Główne]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Navegue]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Răsfoire]] [[ru:Википедия:Обзор]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Listovanie]] [[sr:Википедија:Садржај]] [[th:วิกิพีเดีย:ค้นหา]] [[tr:Vikipedi:Gözat]] [[zh:Wikipedia:按分类浏览]] 5679 2006-06-24T09:05:38Z Lee 85 {| cellspacing="10px" style="background-color:#f8fcff" | width="100%" style="border: 1px solid #6688AA; background-color:#f9f9f9; padding:1em;" colspan="2" | <h3 style="font-variant:small-caps; text-align: center;"> [[:Category:Categories|Categories]]</h3> |- | width="70%" style="border: 1px solid #6688AA; background-color:#FFFFFF; padding:1em;" valign="top"| <h3>[[Image:Nuvola apps kcoloredit.png|40px]] '''[[:Category:The arts|Arts]]''' and '''[[:Category:Culture|Culture]]'''</h3> [[:Category:Art|Art]] · [[:Category:Arts and crafts|Arts and crafts]] · [[:Category:Cultural movements|Cultural movements]] · [[:Category:Entertainment|Entertainment]] · [[:Category:Film|Films]] · [[:Category:Food and drink|Food and drink]] · [[:Category:Games|Games]] · [[:Category:Languages|Languages]] · [[:Category:Literature|Literature]] · [[:Category:Mass media|Mass media]] · [[:Category:Museums|Museums]] · [[:Category:Music|Music]] · [[:Category:Mythology|Mythology]] · [[:Category:Opera|Opera]] · [[:Category:Parties|Parties]] · [[:Category:Performing arts|Performing arts]] · [[:Category:Pets|Pets]] · [[:Category:Popular culture|Popular culture]] · [[:Category:Radio|Radio]] · [[:Category:Sports|Sports]] · [[:Category:Television|Television]] · [[:Category:Traditions|Traditions]] · [[:Category:Tourism|Tourism]] · [[:Category:Toys|Toys]] <h3>[[Image:Museum_btn.png|40px]] '''[[:Category:History|History]]'''</h3> [[:Category:History of Africa|Africa]] · [[:Category:History of Asia|Asia]] · [[:Category:History of Australia|Australia]] · [[:Category:Euroasian history|Euroasia]] · [[:Category:History of Europe|Europe]] · [[:Category:History of North America|North America]] · [[:Category:History of Oceania|Oceania]] · [[:Category:History of South America|South America]] [[:Category:History by period|By Period]] · [[:Category:History by region|By Region]] · [[:Category:History by country|By Country]] · [[:Category:History by topic|By Topic]] · [[:Category:Colonialism|Colonialism]] · [[:Category:Historiography|Historiography]] · [[:Category:Timelines|Timelines]] <h3>[[Image:Nuvola apps edu mathematics.png|40px]] '''[[:Category:Mathematics|Mathematics]]'''</h3> [[:Category:Algebra|Algebra]] · [[:Category:Mathematical analysis|Analysis]] · [[:Category:Arithmetic|Arithmetic]] · [[:Category:Economics|Economics]] · [[:Category:Mathematics education|Education]] · [[:Category:Equations|Equations]] · [[:Category:Geometry|Geometry]] · [[:Category:Logic|Logic]] · [[:Category:Measurement|Measurement]] · [[:Category:Numbers|Numbers]] · [[:Category:Proofs|Proofs]] · [[:Category:Theorems|Theorems]] · [[:Category:Trigonometry|Trigonometry]] · [[:Category:Probability and statistics|Statistics]] <h3>[[Image:Nuvola apps kalzium.png|40px]] '''[[:Category:Science|Natural sciences]]'''</h3> [[:Category:Applied sciences|Applied sciences]] · [[:Category:තාරකා විද්‍යාව|තාරකා විද්‍යාව]] · [[:Category:Biology|Biology]] · [[:Category:Chemistry|Chemistry]] · [[:Category:Earth sciences|Earth sciences]] · [[:Category:Ecology|Ecology]] · [[:Category:Heuristics|Heuristics]] · [[:Category:Health sciences|Health sciences]] · [[:Category:History of science|History of science]] · [[:Category:Information science|Information science]] · [[:Category:Medicine|Medicine]] · [[:Category:Scientific method|Scientific method]] · [[:Category:Physics|Physics]] · [[:Category:Protoscience|Protoscience]] · [[:Category:Scientists|Scientists]] · [[:Category:Space|Space]] · [[:Category:Systems theory|Systems theory]] <h3>[[Image:socrates_blue.png|33px]]   '''[[:Category:Philosophy|Philosophy]]''' and '''[[:Category:Religion|Religion]]'''</h3> [[:Category:Branches of philosophy|Branches]] · [[:Category:Philosophical movements|Movements]] · [[:Category:Philosophical schools and traditions|Schools and traditions]] · [[:Category:Philosophical theories|Theories]] · [[:Category:Philosophical arguments|Arguments]] · [[:Category:Philosophers|Philosophers]] · [[:Category:Philosophical literature|Literature]] · [[:Category:History of philosophy|History]] · [[:Category:Philosophy by era|By era]] · [[:Category:Philosophy by region|By region]] · [[:Category:Aesthetics|Aesthetics]] · [[:Category:Epistemology|Epistemology]] · [[:Category:Ethics|Ethics]] · [[:Category:Logic|Logic]] · [[:Category:Metaphysics|Metaphysics]] [[:Category:Ayyavazhi|Ayyavazhi]] · [[:Category:Buddhism|Buddhism]] · [[:Category:Christianity|Christianity]] · [[:Category:Confucianism|Confucianism]] · [[:Category:Cults|Cults]] · [[:Category:Deism|Deism]] · [[:Category:Hinduism|Hinduism]] · [[:Category:Judaism|Judaism]] · [[:Category:Islam|Islam]] · [[:Category:Religious faiths, traditions, and movements|Religious Movements]] · [[:Category:Satanism|Satanism]] · [[:Category:Taoism|Taoism]] <h3>[[Image:Nuvola apps kchart.png|40px]] '''[[:Category:Social sciences|Social sciences]]'''</h3> [[:Category:Anthropology|Anthropology]] · [[:Category:Archaeology|Archaeology]] · [[:Category:Cultural studies|Cultural studies]] · [[:Category:Demographics|Demographics]] · [[:Category:Economics|Economics]] · [[:Category:International relations|International relations]] · [[:Category:Linguistics|Linguistics]] · [[:Category:Psychology|Psychology]] · [[:Category:Media studies|Media studies]] · [[:Category:Political science|Political science]] · [[:Category:Social scientists|Social scientists]] · [[:Category:Sociology|Sociology]] · [[:Category:Sexology|Sexology]] <h3>[[Image:Nuvola apps kdmconfig.png|40px]] '''[[:Category:Society|Society]]''' and '''[[:Category:People|People]]'''</h3> [[:Category:Biographies|Biographies]] · [[:Category:Business|Business]] · [[:Category:Communication|Communication]] · [[:Category:Education|Education]] · [[:Category:Ethnic groups|Ethnic groups]] · [[:Category:Family|Family]] · [[:Category:Finance|Finance]] · [[:Category:Gender|Gender]] · [[:Category:Government|Government]] · [[:Category:Health|Health]] · [[:Category:Home|Home]] · [[:Category:Industries|Industries]] · [[:Category:Labor|Labor]] · [[:Category:Law|Law]] · [[:Category:Mass media|Mass media]] · [[:Category:Organizations|Organizations]] · [[:Category:Politics|Politics]] · [[:Category:War|War]] <h3>[[Image:Nuvola apps krdc.png|40px]] '''[[:Category:Technology|Technology]]'''</h3> [[:Category:Agriculture|Agriculture]] · [[:Category:Architecture|Architecture]] · [[:Category:Automation|Automation]] · [[:Category:Automobiles|Automobiles]] · [[:Category:Big Science|Big Science]] · [[:Category:Biotechnology|Biotechnology]] · [[:Category:Chemical processes|Chemical processes]] · [[:Category:Computing|Computing]] · [[:Category:Electronics|Electronics]] · [[:Category:Energy|Energy]] · [[:Category:Engineering|Engineering]] · [[:Category:Free software|Free Software]] · [[:Category:History of technology|History of technology]] · [[:Category:Information technology|Information technology]] · [[:Category:Internet|Internet]] · [[:Category:Manufacturing|Manufacturing]] · [[:Category:Nanotechnology|Nanotechnology]] · [[:Category:Nuclear technology|Nuclear technology]] · [[:Category:Sound|Sound]] · [[:Category:Telecommunications|Telecommunications]] · [[:Category:Technology forecasting|Technology forecasting]] · [[:Category:Tools|Tools]] · [[:Category:Transportation|Transportation]] · [[:Category:Vehicles|Vehicles]] | width="30%" style="border: 1px solid #6688AA; background-color:#efefef; padding:1em;" valign="top" | <div style="padding-left:0.5em; padding-top:0.5em"> <center>'''[[Wikipedia:Category|About Wikipedia's category system]]''' </center> <center><h3 style="font-variant:small-caps;">[[Wikipedia:Quick cat index|Category index]]</h3> <div style="font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;font-family:monospace"> [[Special:Allpages/Category:!|!]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:0|0-9]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:A|A]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:B|B]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:C|C]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:D|D]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:E|E]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:F|F]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:G|G]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:H|H]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:I|I]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:J|J]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:K|K]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:L|L]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:M|M]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:N|N]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:O|O]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:P|P]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:Q|Q]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:R|R]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:S|S]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:T|T]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:U|U]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:V|V]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:W|W]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:X|X]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:Y|Y]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:Z|Z]] </div> '''[[:Category:Categories|The topmost category]]''' '''[[Help:Category|Category help]]''' [[Special:Categories|List of all categories]] [[Special:Random/Category|Random category]] [http://tools.wikimedia.de/~daniel/WikiSense/CategoryTree.php?wikilang=en&wikifam=.wikipedia.org&cat=Categories&m=c&go=Load&terse= Category Tree] </center> <div style="padding-left:0.5em; padding-top:0.5em"> <center><h3 style="font-variant:small-caps;">[[Wikipedia:Quick index|Article index]]</h3> <div style="font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;font-family:monospace"> [[Special:Allpages/!|!]] [[Special:Allpages/0|0-9]] [[Special:Allpages/A|A]] [[Special:Allpages/B|B]] [[Special:Allpages/C|C]] [[Special:Allpages/D|D]] [[Special:Allpages/E|E]] [[Special:Allpages/F|F]] [[Special:Allpages/G|G]] [[Special:Allpages/H|H]] [[Special:Allpages/I|I]] [[Special:Allpages/J|J]] [[Special:Allpages/K|K]] [[Special:Allpages/L|L]] [[Special:Allpages/M|M]] [[Special:Allpages/N|N]] [[Special:Allpages/O|O]] [[Special:Allpages/P|P]] [[Special:Allpages/Q|Q]] [[Special:Allpages/R|R]] [[Special:Allpages/S|S]] [[Special:Allpages/T|T]] [[Special:Allpages/U|U]] [[Special:Allpages/V|V]] [[Special:Allpages/W|W]] [[Special:Allpages/X|X]] [[Special:Allpages/Y|Y]] [[Special:Allpages/Z|Z]] </div> [[Special:Allpages|List of all pages]] </center> <h3>'''[[Reference]]'''</h3> *[[Academia|Academia]] *[[:Category:Lists|Article lists]] *[[Lists of people|Biographies]] *[[List of cycles|Cycles]] *[[Documents|Documents]] *[[Current events]] *[[Current sports events]] *[[Wikipedia:Featured articles|Featured articles]] *[[Wikipedia:Featured pictures|Featured pictures]] *[[List of historical anniversaries|Historical anniversaries]] *[[Knowledge|Knowledge]] *[[Wikipedia:Recent additions|New articles]] *[[Recent deaths]] *[[Reference|Reference]] *[[:Category:Timelines|Timelines]] *[[Wikipedia:Unusual articles|Unusual articles]] *[[Wikipedia|Wikipedia]] *[[List of reference tables|Wikipedia Almanac]] *[[Years|Years]] <h3 style="font-variant:small-caps;">Other Wikimedia resources</h3> *[[wiktionary:|Dictionary]] *Images and media: [[:Category:Wikipedia images by type|Wikipedia]], [[Commons:]] *[[wikinews:|News]] *[[q:|Quotations]] *[[wikisource:Main Page:English|Source texts]] *[[wikispecies:|Species directory]] *[[wikibooks:|Textbooks]] <h3 style="font-variant:small-caps;">About Wikipedia</h3> *[[:Category:Wikipedia administration|Wikipedia administration]] *[[Wikipedia:Category schemes|Other tables of contents]] |---- valign="top" | width="70%" style="border: 1px solid #6688AA; background-color:#FFFFFF; padding:1em;" colspan="2"| [[Image:Physical world.jpg|right|250px|Robinson projection of Earth]] <h2 style="border-bottom:0px;">[[Image:Nuvola apps browser.png|40px]]'''[[:Category:Geography|Geography]]'''</h2> [[:Category:Cities|Cities]] · [[:Category:Climate|Climate]] · [[:Category:Countries|Countries]] · [[:Category:Landforms|Landforms]] · [[:Category:Maps|Maps]] · [[:Category:Parks|Parks]] · [[:Category:Subterranea|Subterranea]] · [[:Category:Towns|Towns]] · [[:Category:Villages|Villages]] {| width=100% cellspacing=10 cellpadding=10 |align=center| [[Image:LocationAfrica.png|120px]] [[:Category:African countries|Africa]] |align=center| [[Image:LocationAntarctica.png|120px]] [[:Category:Antarctica|Antarctica]] |align=center| [[Image:LocationAsia.png|120px]] [[:Category:Asian countries|Asia]] |align=center| [[Image:LocationEurope.png|120px]] [[:Category:European countries|Europe]] |} {| width=100% cellspacing=10 cellpadding=10 |align=center| [[Image:LocationNorthAmerica.png|120px]] [[:Category:North American countries|North America]] |align=center| [[Image:LocationOceania.png|120px]] [[:Category:Oceanian countries|Oceania]] |align=center| [[Image:LocationOceans.png|120px]] [[:Category:Oceans|Oceans]] |align=center| [[Image:LocationSouthAmerica.png|120px]] [[:Category:South American countries|South America]] |} |- | width="100%" style="border: 1px solid #6688AA; background-color:#f9f9f9;; padding:1em;" colspan="2"| <center>For more ideas on how to contribute, visit the [[Wikipedia:Community Portal]].</center> |- |} __NOTOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__ {{Wikipediacats-flat-centred}}  [[Category:Wikipedia categorization|Browse]] [[Category:Categories| Browse]] [[Category:Fundamental| ]]  [[ar: ويكيبيديا:تصفح ]] [[da:Kategorier]] [[de:Wikipedia nach Themen]]  [[es:Wikipedia:Cómo explorar Wikipedia]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Selaa luokittain]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Catégories]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Tinjau]] [[no:Wikipedia:Kategorier]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Kategorie Główne]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Navegue]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Răsfoire]] [[ru:Википедия:Обзор]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Listovanie]] [[sr:Википедија:Садржај]] [[th:วิกิพีเดีย:ค้นหา]] [[tr:Vikipedi:Gözat]] [[zh:Wikipedia:按分类浏览]] වන්නියලෑත්තන් 1924 5472 2006-06-02T07:21:21Z Ravincaldera 100 වන්නියලෑත්තන් ‌ලෙසින් හඳුන්වන්‌නේ වැදි ප්‍රජාවම ය. 5474 2006-06-02T07:23:36Z Ravincaldera 100 5475 2006-06-02T07:25:55Z Ravincaldera 100 [[වැද්දන්]] බලන්න. [[de:Veddas]] [[en:Wanniyala-Aetto]] [[fr:Vedda]] User talk:Ravincaldera 1925 5487 2006-06-04T01:12:13Z 132.181.7.1 ==Translation request== '''Greetings Ravincaldera'''! Can you please help me translate [http://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church this article] (or parts of it) into the Sinhalese language? Your help would be very gratefully appreciated. Thankyou very much. Regards -- [[en:User:Jose77|Jose77]], 8 May 5488 2006-06-04T01:12:58Z 132.181.7.1 ==Translation request== '''Greetings Ravincaldera'''! Can you please help me translate [http://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church this article] (or parts of it) into the Sinhalese language? Your help would be very gratefully appreciated. Thankyou very much. Regards -- [[en:User:Jose77|Jose77]], 01:12 Sunday 4 June 2006 (UTC) 5517 2006-06-05T10:45:27Z Lee 85 ලිපියක නම ගැන ප්‍රශ්නයක්!!! ==Translation request== '''Greetings Ravincaldera'''! Can you please help me translate [http://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church this article] (or parts of it) into the Sinhalese language? Your help would be very gratefully appreciated. Thankyou very much. Regards -- [[en:User:Jose77|Jose77]], 01:12 Sunday 4 June 2006 (UTC) == ලිපියක නම ගැන ප්‍රශ්නයක්!!! == ලිපියේ නම ලෙස "වැද්දන්" යන්න වෙනුවට "වැදි ජනයා" යන යෙදුම වඩා හොඳයි නේද? --[[User:Lee|Lee]] 10:45, 5 June 2006 (UTC) 5527 2006-06-08T07:09:16Z Ravincaldera 100 ලිපි‌යේ නම ‌වෙනස් කිරීම: වැද්දන් ‌වෙනුවට වැදිජනයා ‌යෙදීම. ==Translation request== '''Greetings Ravincaldera'''! Can you please help me translate [http://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church this article] (or parts of it) into the Sinhalese language? Your help would be very gratefully appreciated. Thankyou very much. Regards -- [[en:User:Jose77|Jose77]], 01:12 Sunday 4 June 2006 (UTC) == ලිපියක නම ගැන ප්‍රශ්නයක්!!! == ලිපියේ නම ලෙස "වැද්දන්" යන්න වෙනුවට "වැදි ජනයා" යන යෙදුම වඩා හොඳයි නේද? --[[User:Lee|Lee]] 10:45, 5 June 2006 (UTC) == ලිපි‌යේ නම ‌වෙනස් කිරීම: වැද්දන් ‌වෙනුවට වැදිජනයා ‌යෙදීම. == වැද්දන් ‌වෙනුවට වැදිජනයා යන ‌යෙඳුම ‌යෙදීම උචිත යයි මට ද හැ‌ඟීයයි. මා විකියට අලුත් නිසා, කරුණාකර ‌මෙහි විවිධ අංගයන් ගැන සහ ‌කෙටි-මාර්ග ගැන දැනුමක් ලබා ‌දෙන්‌නේ නම් මැනවි. ‌‌මෙහි සංස්කාරකවරැන් පිළිබඳ ව ද විස්තරයක් දක්වන්‌නේ නම් මැනවි. ස්තූතියි! රවින් කල්‌දේරා෴ 5542 2006-06-08T10:50:48Z Ravincaldera 100 ==Translation request== '''Greetings Ravincaldera'''! Can you please help me translate [http://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church this article] (or parts of it) into the Sinhalese language? Your help would be very gratefully appreciated. Thankyou very much. Regards -- [[en:User:Jose77|Jose77]], 01:12 Sunday 4 June 2006 (UTC) == ලිපියක නම ගැන ප්‍රශ්නයක්!!! == ලිපියේ නම ලෙස "වැද්දන්" යන්න වෙනුවට "වැදි ජනයා" යන යෙදුම වඩා හොඳයි නේද? --[[User:Lee|Lee]] 10:45, 5 June 2006 (UTC) == ලිපි‌යේ නම ‌වෙනස් කිරීම: ''වැද්දන්'' ‌වෙනුවට ''වැදිජනයා'' ‌යෙදීම. == ''වැද්දන්'' ‌වෙනුවට ''වැදි ජනයා'' යන ‌යෙඳුම ‌යෙදීම උචිත යයි මට ද හැ‌‌‌ෙඟ්. මා විකියට අලුත් නිසා, කරුණාකර ‌මෙහි විවිධ අංගයන් ගැන සහ ‌කෙටි-මාර්ග ගැන දැනුමක් ලබා ‌දෙන්‌නේ නම් මැනවි. ‌‌මෙහි සංස්කාරකවරැන් පිළිබඳ ව ද විස්තරයක් දක්වන්‌නේ නම් මැනවි. ස්තූතියි! රවින් කල්‌දේරා෴ 5594 2006-06-09T12:18:04Z Lee 85 /* ලිපි‌යේ නම ‌වෙනස් කිරීම: ''වැද්දන්'' ‌වෙනුවට ''වැදිජනයා'' ‌යෙදීම. */ ==Translation request== '''Greetings Ravincaldera'''! Can you please help me translate [http://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church this article] (or parts of it) into the Sinhalese language? Your help would be very gratefully appreciated. Thankyou very much. Regards -- [[en:User:Jose77|Jose77]], 01:12 Sunday 4 June 2006 (UTC) == ලිපියක නම ගැන ප්‍රශ්නයක්!!! == ලිපියේ නම ලෙස "වැද්දන්" යන්න වෙනුවට "වැදි ජනයා" යන යෙදුම වඩා හොඳයි නේද? --[[User:Lee|Lee]] 10:45, 5 June 2006 (UTC) == ලිපි‌යේ නම ‌වෙනස් කිරීම: ''වැද්දන්'' ‌වෙනුවට ''වැදිජනයා'' ‌යෙදීම. == ''වැද්දන්'' ‌වෙනුවට ''වැදි ජනයා'' යන ‌යෙඳුම ‌යෙදීම උචිත යයි මට ද හැ‌‌‌ෙඟ්. මා විකියට අලුත් නිසා, කරුණාකර ‌මෙහි විවිධ අංගයන් ගැන සහ ‌කෙටි-මාර්ග ගැන දැනුමක් ලබා ‌දෙන්‌නේ නම් මැනවි. ‌‌මෙහි සංස්කාරකවරැන් පිළිබඳ ව ද විස්තරයක් දක්වන්‌නේ නම් මැනවි. ස්තූතියි! රවින් කල්‌දේරා෴ : හැකි ඉක්මනින් ඔබට අවශ්‍ය තොරතුරු ලබා දීමට උත්සාහ කරන්නම්. ඔබේ උනන්දුවට ස්තූතියි. --[[User:Lee|Lee]] 12:18, 9 June 2006 (UTC) 5609 2006-06-10T23:32:52Z 203.109.221.235 Grattitude ==Translation request== '''Greetings Ravincaldera'''! Can you please help me translate [http://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Jesus_Church this article] (or parts of it) into the Sinhalese language? Your help would be very gratefully appreciated. Thankyou very much. Regards -- [[en:User:Jose77|Jose77]], 01:12 Sunday 4 June 2006 (UTC) :'''Thankyou very very much Ravincaldera for your excellent translation'''! The Sinhalese script looks very nice! ''May you prosper''! ::If you ever need any articles to be translated to the Chinese Mandarin or Minnan language in the future, then I can definitely help you. :::Yours Sincerely -- [[en:User:Jose77|Jose77]], 23:32 Saturday 10 June 2006 (UTC) == ලිපියක නම ගැන ප්‍රශ්නයක්!!! == ලිපියේ නම ලෙස "වැද්දන්" යන්න වෙනුවට "වැදි ජනයා" යන යෙදුම වඩා හොඳයි නේද? --[[User:Lee|Lee]] 10:45, 5 June 2006 (UTC) == ලිපි‌යේ නම ‌වෙනස් කිරීම: ''වැද්දන්'' ‌වෙනුවට ''වැදිජනයා'' ‌යෙදීම. == ''වැද්දන්'' ‌වෙනුවට ''වැදි ජනයා'' යන ‌යෙඳුම ‌යෙදීම උචිත යයි මට ද හැ‌‌‌ෙඟ්. මා විකියට අලුත් නිසා, කරුණාකර ‌මෙහි විවිධ අංගයන් ගැන සහ ‌කෙටි-මාර්ග ගැන දැනුමක් ලබා ‌දෙන්‌නේ නම් මැනවි. ‌‌මෙහි සංස්කාරකවරැන් පිළිබඳ ව ද විස්තරයක් දක්වන්‌නේ නම් මැනවි. ස්තූතියි! රවින් කල්‌දේරා෴ : හැකි ඉක්මනින් ඔබට අවශ්‍ය තොරතුරු ලබා දීමට උත්සාහ කරන්නම්. ඔබේ උනන්දුවට ස්තූතියි. --[[User:Lee|Lee]] 12:18, 9 June 2006 (UTC) Template:Tnavbar 1926 5490 2006-06-04T05:52:11Z Lee 85 <div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand" id="Tnavbar" style="background-color: transparent; padding: 0; font-size:xx-small; color:#000000;">This box: [{{fullurl:Template:{{{1}}}}} view] • [{{fullurl:Template_talk:{{{1}}}}} talk] • [{{fullurl:Template:{{{1}}}|action=edit}} edit]</div><noinclude> ==Usage== Simply place '''<nowiki>{{</nowiki>'''Tnavbar|Name of Template'''<nowiki>}}</nowiki>''' inside a given [[Wikipedia:Navigational templates|template]] to add '''view''' • '''talk''' • '''edit''' navigational functionality to it. ==Note to editors== This template is likely represented across [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Whatlinkshere/Template:Tnavbar&limit=4000&from=0 hundreds of pages (if not thousands)] please tread lightly when editing here. ==Examples / See also== {| class="wikitable" ! Template !! colspan=2 | This... !! colspan=2 | Produces... |- | '''This template''' || → || Divides into a seperate section:<nowiki>{{Tnavbar|Tnavbar}}</nowiki> like so. || → || Divides into a seperate section: {{Tnavbar|Tnavbar}} like so. |- | {{tl|Tnavbar-mini}} || → || Divides into a seperate section: <nowiki>{{Tnavbar-mini|Tnavbar}}</nowiki> like so. || → || Divides into a seperate section: {{Tnavbar-mini|Tnavbar}} like so. |- | {{tl|Tnavbar-plain}} || → || Divides into a seperate section: <nowiki>{{Tnavbar-plain|Tnavbar}}</nowiki> like so. || → || Divides into a seperate section: {{Tnavbar-plain|Tnavbar}} like so. |- | {{tl|Tnavbar-nodiv}} || → || Good for "blending" into text. <nowiki>{{Tnavbar-nodiv|Tnavbar}}</nowiki> || → || Good for "blending" into text. {{Tnavbar-nodiv|Tnavbar}} |- | {{tl|Tnavbar-mini-nodiv}} || → || Good for "blending" <nowiki>{{Tnavbar-mini-nodiv|Tnavbar}}</nowiki> into text. || → ||Good for "blending" {{Tnavbar-mini-nodiv|Tnavbar}} into text. |- | {{tl|Tnavbar-plain-nodiv}} || → || <nowiki>{{Tnavbar-plain-nodiv|Tnavbar}}</nowiki> Good for "blending" into text. || → || {{Tnavbar-plain-nodiv|Tnavbar}} Good for "blending" into text. |} {{Category|Internal link templates}}</noinclude> Template:Link FA 1927 5494 2006-06-04T07:13:16Z Lee 85 <noinclude> [[Category:Wikipedia special effects templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[bg:Шаблон:Link FA]] [[br:Patrom:Liamm PuB]] [[ca:Plantilla:Enllaç AD]] [[da:Skabelon:Link FA]] [[de:Vorlage:Link FA]] [[et:Mall:Link FA]] [[el:Πρότυπο:Link FA]] [[es:Plantilla:Destacado]] [[eo:Ŝablono:LigoElstara]] [[fi:Malline:Link FA]] [[fo:Fyrimynd:Link FA]] [[fr:Modèle:Lien_AdQ]] [[he:תבנית:Link FA]] [[it:Template:Link AdQ]] [[ja:Template:Link FA]] [[lv:Template:Link FA]] [[no:Mal:Link UA]] [[os:Шаблон:Link FA]] [[ro:Format:Link FA]] [[ru:Шаблон:Link FA]] [[pl:Szablon:Link FA]] [[sl:Template:Link FA]] [[sr:Template:Link FA]] [[vi:Tiêu bản:Liên kết chọn lọc]] [[sv:Mall:UA]] [[ta:வார்ப்புரு:Link FA]] [[zh:Template:Link FA]] </noinclude> Template:Category 1928 5497 2006-06-04T08:05:21Z Lee 85 <includeonly>[[Category:{{{1}}}|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> {{Tlx|{{PAGENAME}}|somecat}} => [[Category:somecat|{{PAGENAME}}]] This template is for cases where the default category sort key {{FULLPAGENAME}} makes less sense than {{PAGENAME}}, it's merely a shorthand. There's no default for the parameter ''somecat'' to catch errors. Note the ''pipe symbol'' in {{Category'''<tt>|</tt>'''somecat}} - with a colon what you'd get is certainly not {{Lts}}. {{Category|Internal link templates}} </noinclude> Template:Tlx 1929 5498 2006-06-04T08:06:00Z Lee 85 {{ [[{{ns:Template}}:{{{1|Tlx}}}|{{{1|Tlx}}}]]{{#if:{{{2|}}}|<tt>|</tt>{{{2}}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|<tt>|</tt>{{{3}}}}}{{#if:{{{4|}}}|<tt>|</tt>{{{4}}}}}{{#if:{{{5|}}}|<tt>|</tt>etc.}} }}<noinclude> ---- Usage: <tt><nowiki>{{Tlx|template name|first parameter|...}}</nowiki></tt> Up to three parameters for the specified template are displayed as placeholders, more parameters are shown as "<tt>|</tt>''etc.''", for details see {{Lts}}. [[Category:Internal link templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:Templates using ParserFunctions|{{{PAGENAME}}}]] </noinclude> Template:Tnavbar-mini 1930 5499 2006-06-04T08:07:16Z Lee 85 <div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand" id="Tnavbar-mini" style="background-color: transparent; padding: 0; font-size:xx-small; color:#000000;">[{{fullurl:Template:{{{1}}}}} v]·[{{fullurl:Template_talk:{{{1}}}}} d]·[{{fullurl:Template:{{{1}}}|action=edit}} e]</div><noinclude> ==Usage== Simply place '''<nowiki>{{</nowiki>'''Tnavbar-mini|Name of Template'''<nowiki>}}</nowiki>''' inside a given [[Wikipedia:Navigational templates|template]] to add '''v''' · '''d''' · '''e''' navigational functionality to it. ==Note to editors== This template is likely represented across [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Whatlinkshere/Template:Tnavbar-mini&limit=2000&from=0 hundreds of pages (if not thousands)] please tread lightly when editing here. ==Examples / See also== {| class="wikitable" ! Template !! colspan=2 | This... !! colspan=2 | Produces... |- | {{tl|Tnavbar}}'' || → || Divides into a seperate section:<nowiki>{{Tnavbar|Tnavbar}}</nowiki> like so. || → || Divides into a seperate section: {{Tnavbar|Tnavbar}} like so. |- | '''This template''' || → || Divides into a seperate section: <nowiki>{{Tnavbar-mini|Tnavbar}}</nowiki> like so. || → || Divides into a seperate section: {{Tnavbar-mini|Tnavbar}} like so. |- | {{tl|Tnavbar-plain}} || → || Divides into a seperate section: <nowiki>{{Tnavbar-plain|Tnavbar}}</nowiki> like so. || → || Divides into a seperate section: {{Tnavbar-plain|Tnavbar}} like so. |- | {{tl|Tnavbar-nodiv}} || → || Good for "blending" into text. <nowiki>{{Tnavbar-nodiv|Tnavbar}}</nowiki> || → || Good for "blending" into text. {{Tnavbar-nodiv|Tnavbar}}. |- | {{tl|Tnavbar-mini-nodiv}} || → || Good for "blending" <nowiki>{{Tnavbar-mini-nodiv|Tnavbar}}</nowiki> into text. || → ||Good for "blending" {{Tnavbar-mini-nodiv|Tnavbar}} into text. |- | {{tl|Tnavbar-plain-nodiv}} || → || <nowiki>{{Tnavbar-plain-nodiv|Tnavbar}}</nowiki> Good for "blending" into text. || → || {{Tnavbar-plain-nodiv|Tnavbar}} Good for "blending" into text. |} {{Category|Internal link templates}}</noinclude> Template:Tnavbar-mini-nodiv 1931 5500 2006-06-04T08:07:54Z Lee 85  [{{fullurl:Template:{{{1}}}}} v]·[{{fullurl:Template_talk:{{{1}}}}} d]·[{{fullurl:Template:{{{1}}}|action=edit}} e] <noinclude> ==Usage== Simply place '''<nowiki>{{</nowiki>'''Tnavbar-mini-nodiv|Name of Template'''<nowiki>}}</nowiki>''' inside a given [[Wikipedia:Navigational templates|template]] to add '''v''' · '''d''' · '''e''' navigational functionality to it. ==Note to editors== This template is likely represented across hundreds of pages (if not thousands) please tread lightly when editing here. ==Examples / See also== {| class="wikitable" ! Template !! colspan=2 | This... !! colspan=2 | Produces... |- | {{tl|Tnavbar}}'' || → || Divides into a seperate section:<nowiki>{{Tnavbar|Tnavbar}}</nowiki> like so. || → || Divides into a seperate section: {{Tnavbar|Tnavbar}} like so. |- | {{tl|Tnavbar-mini}} || → || Divides into a seperate section: <nowiki>{{Tnavbar-mini|Tnavbar}}</nowiki> like so. || → || Divides into a seperate section: {{Tnavbar-mini|Tnavbar}} like so. |- | {{tl|Tnavbar-plain}} || → || Divides into a seperate section: <nowiki>{{Tnavbar-plain|Tnavbar}}</nowiki> like so. || → || Divides into a seperate section: {{Tnavbar-plain|Tnavbar}} like so. |- | {{tl|Tnavbar-nodiv}} || → || Good for "blending" into text. <nowiki>{{Tnavbar-nodiv|Tnavbar}}</nowiki> || → || Good for "blending" into text. {{Tnavbar-nodiv|Tnavbar}} |- | '''This template''' || → || Good for "blending" <nowiki>{{Tnavbar-mini-nodiv|Tnavbar}}</nowiki> into text. || → ||Good for "blending" {{Tnavbar-mini-nodiv|Tnavbar}} into text. |- | {{tl|Tnavbar-plain-nodiv}} || → || <nowiki>{{Tnavbar-plain-nodiv|Tnavbar}}</nowiki> Good for "blending" into text. || → || {{Tnavbar-plain-nodiv|Tnavbar}} Good for "blending" into text. |} {{Category|Internal link templates}}</noinclude> Template:Tnavbar-nodiv 1932 5501 2006-06-04T08:08:21Z Lee 85  This box: [{{fullurl:Template:{{{1}}}}} view] • [{{fullurl:Template_talk:{{{1}}}}} talk] • [{{fullurl:Template:{{{1}}}|action=edit}} edit] <noinclude> ==Usage== Simply place '''<nowiki>{{</nowiki>'''Tnavbar-nodiv|Name of Template'''<nowiki>}}</nowiki>''' inside a given [[Wikipedia:Navigational templates|template]] to add '''view''' · '''talk''' · '''edit''' navigational functionality to it. ==Note to editors== This template is likely represented across hundreds of pages (if not thousands) please tread lightly when editing here. ==Examples / See also== {| class="wikitable" ! Template !! colspan=2 | This... !! colspan=2 | Produces... |- | {{tl|Tnavbar}}'' || → || Divides into a seperate section:<nowiki>{{Tnavbar|Tnavbar}}</nowiki> like so. || → || Divides into a seperate section: {{Tnavbar|Tnavbar}} like so. |- | {{tl|Tnavbar-mini}} || → || Divides into a seperate section: <nowiki>{{Tnavbar-mini|Tnavbar}}</nowiki> like so. || → || Divides into a seperate section: {{Tnavbar-mini|Tnavbar}} like so. |- | {{tl|Tnavbar-plain}} || → || Divides into a seperate section: <nowiki>{{Tnavbar-plain|Tnavbar}}</nowiki> like so. || → || Divides into a seperate section: {{Tnavbar-plain|Tnavbar}} like so. |- | '''This template''' || → || Good for "blending" into text. <nowiki>{{Tnavbar-nodiv|Tnavbar}}</nowiki> || → || Good for "blending" into text. {{Tnavbar-nodiv|Tnavbar}} |- | {{tl|Tnavbar-mini-nodiv}} || → || Good for "blending" <nowiki>{{Tnavbar-mini-nodiv|Tnavbar}}</nowiki> into text. || → ||Good for "blending" {{Tnavbar-mini-nodiv|Tnavbar}} into text. |- | {{tl|Tnavbar-plain-nodiv}} || → || <nowiki>{{Tnavbar-plain-nodiv|Tnavbar}}</nowiki> Good for "blending" into text. || → || {{Tnavbar-plain-nodiv|Tnavbar}} Good for "blending" into text. |} {{Category|Internal link templates}}</noinclude> Template:Tnavbar-plain 1933 5502 2006-06-04T08:08:51Z Lee 85 <div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand" id="Tnavbar-mini-plain" style="background-color: transparent; padding: 0; font-size:small; color:#000000;">[{{fullurl:Template:{{{1}}}}} view] • [{{fullurl:Template_talk:{{{1}}}}} talk] • [{{fullurl:Template:{{{1}}}|action=edit}} edit]</div><noinclude> ==Usage== Simply place '''<nowiki>{{</nowiki>'''Tnavbar-plain|Name of Template'''<nowiki>}}</nowiki>''' inside a given [[Wikipedia:Navigational templates|template]] to add '''view''' • '''talk''' • '''edit''' navigational functionality to it. ==Note to editors== This template is likely represented across [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Whatlinkshere/Template:Tnavbar-plain&limit=4000&from=0 hundreds of pages (if not thousands)] please tread lightly when editing here. ==Examples / See also== {| class="wikitable" ! Template !! colspan=2 | This... !! colspan=2 | Produces... |- | {{tl|Tnavbar}}'' || → || Divides into a seperate section:<nowiki>{{Tnavbar|Tnavbar}}</nowiki> like so. || → || Divides into a seperate section: {{Tnavbar|Tnavbar}} like so. |- | {{tl|Tnavbar-mini}} || → || Divides into a seperate section: <nowiki>{{Tnavbar-mini|Tnavbar}}</nowiki> like so. || → || Divides into a seperate section: {{Tnavbar-mini|Tnavbar}} like so. |- | '''This template''' || → || Divides into a seperate section: <nowiki>{{Tnavbar-plain|Tnavbar}}</nowiki> like so. || → || Divides into a seperate section: {{Tnavbar-plain|Tnavbar}} like so. |- | {{tl|Tnavbar-nodiv}} || → || Good for "blending" into text: <nowiki>{{Tnavbar-nodiv|Tnavbar}}</nowiki>. || → || Good for "blending" into text: {{Tnavbar-nodiv|Tnavbar}}. |- | {{tl|Tnavbar-mini-nodiv}} || → || Good for "blending" <nowiki>{{Tnavbar-mini-nodiv|Tnavbar}}</nowiki> into text: || → ||Good for "blending" {{Tnavbar-mini-nodiv|Tnavbar}} into text: |- | {{tl|Tnavbar-plain-nodiv}} || → || <nowiki>{{Tnavbar-plain-nodiv|Tnavbar}}</nowiki> Good for "blending" into text: || → || {{Tnavbar-plain-nodiv|Tnavbar}} Good for "blending" into text: |} {{Category|Internal link templates}}</noinclude> Template:Tnavbar-plain-nodiv 1934 5503 2006-06-04T08:09:16Z Lee 85  [{{fullurl:Template:{{{1}}}}} view] • [{{fullurl:Template_talk:{{{1}}}}} talk] • [{{fullurl:Template:{{{1}}}|action=edit}} edit] <noinclude> ==Usage== Simply place '''<nowiki>{{</nowiki>'''Tnavbar-plain-nodiv|Name of Template'''<nowiki>}}</nowiki>''' inside a given [[Wikipedia:Navigational templates|template]] to add '''view''' • '''talk''' • '''edit''' navigational functionality to it. ==Note to editors== This template is likely represented across hundreds of pages (if not thousands) please tread lightly when editing here. ==Examples / See also== {| class="wikitable" ! Template !! colspan=2 | This... !! colspan=2 | Produces... |- | {{tl|Tnavbar}}'' || → || Divides into a seperate section:<nowiki>{{Tnavbar|Tnavbar}}</nowiki> like so. || → || Divides into a seperate section: {{Tnavbar|Tnavbar}} like so. |- | {{tl|Tnavbar-mini}} || → || Divides into a seperate section: <nowiki>{{Tnavbar-mini|Tnavbar}}</nowiki> like so. || → || Divides into a seperate section: {{Tnavbar-mini|Tnavbar}} like so. |- | {{tl|Tnavbar-plain}} || → || Divides into a seperate section: <nowiki>{{Tnavbar-plain|Tnavbar}}</nowiki> like so. || → || Divides into a seperate section: {{Tnavbar-plain|Tnavbar}} like so. |- | {{tl|Tnavbar-nodiv}} || → || Good for "blending" into text. <nowiki>{{Tnavbar-nodiv|Tnavbar}}</nowiki> || → || Good for "blending" into text. {{Tnavbar-nodiv|Tnavbar}}. |- | {{tl|Tnavbar-mini-nodiv}} || → || Good for "blending" <nowiki>{{Tnavbar-mini-nodiv|Tnavbar}}</nowiki> into text. || → ||Good for "blending" {{Tnavbar-mini-nodiv|Tnavbar}} into text. |- | '''This template''' || → || <nowiki>{{Tnavbar-plain-nodiv|Tnavbar}}</nowiki> Good for "blending" into text. || → || {{Tnavbar-plain-nodiv|Tnavbar}} Good for "blending" into text. |} {{Category|Internal link templates}}</noinclude> Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ජන සමාජය 1935 5507 2006-06-04T08:28:59Z Lee 85 [[Category:ශ්‍රී ලංකාව]] Template:කිතු දහම 1936 5511 2006-06-04T11:11:15Z Lee 85 {| class="toccolours" cellspacing="3px" align="right" style="clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; text-align:center;" |- | colspan="2" |Part of a [[:Category:කිතු දහම|series]] of articles on '''[[කිතු දහම]]''' |- |<center><div style="position: relative; width: 50px; height: 70px; overflow: hidden"> <div style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; font-size: 200px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 200px; z-index: 3">[[Christianity|   ]]</div> <div style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 2">[[Image:Christian cross.svg|50px|Christianity]]</div> </div></center> |- | style="font-size:11px" | '''[[History of Christianity]]''' [[Timeline of Christianity]] [[Twelve Apostles|The Apostles]] [[Ecumenical council]]s [[East-West Schism|Great Schism]] [[Crusade|The Crusades]] [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]] |- | style="font-size:11px" | '''[[Trinity|The Trinity]]''' [[God the Father]] [[Christology|The Son]] ([[Jesus]] [[Christ]]) [[Holy Spirit|The Holy Spirit]] |- | style="font-size:11px" | '''[[The Bible]]''' [[Old Testament]] [[New Testament]] [[Apocrypha]] [[Gospel|The Gospels]] [[Ten Commandments]] [[Sermon on the Mount]] |- | style="font-size:11px" | '''[[Christian theology]]''' [[Fall of Man]] · [[Divine grace|Grace]] [[Salvation]] · [[Justification (theology)|Justification]] [[Christian worship]] |- | style="font-size:11px" | '''[[One Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church|Christian Church]]''' [[Catholicism]] [[Orthodox Christianity]] [[Protestantism]] [[Christian denomination]]s [[Christian movements]] [[Evangelism|Christian evangelism]] [[Christian ecumenism]] {{Tnavbar|Christianity}} |} <noinclude> [[Category:Religion navigational boxes|Christianity]] [[ru:Шаблон:Христианство]] </noinclude> 5512 2006-06-04T11:13:13Z Lee 85 {| class="toccolours" cellspacing="3px" align="right" style="clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; text-align:center;" |- | colspan="2" |Part of a [[:Category:කිතු දහම|series]] of articles on '''[[කිතු දහම]]''' |- |<center><div style="position: relative; width: 50px; height: 70px; overflow: hidden"> <div style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; font-size: 200px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 200px; z-index: 3">[[Christianity|   ]]</div> <div style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 2">[[Image:Christian cross.svg|50px|Christianity]]</div> </div></center> |- | style="font-size:11px" | '''[[History of Christianity]]''' [[Timeline of Christianity]] [[Twelve Apostles|The Apostles]] [[Ecumenical council]]s [[East-West Schism|Great Schism]] [[Crusade|The Crusades]] [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]] |- | style="font-size:11px" | '''[[Trinity|The Trinity]]''' [[God the Father]] [[Christology|The Son]] ([[Jesus]] [[Christ]]) [[Holy Spirit|The Holy Spirit]] |- | style="font-size:11px" | '''[[The Bible]]''' [[Old Testament]] [[New Testament]] [[Apocrypha]] [[Gospel|The Gospels]] [[Ten Commandments]] [[Sermon on the Mount]] |- | style="font-size:11px" | '''[[Christian theology]]''' [[Fall of Man]] · [[Divine grace|Grace]] [[Salvation]] · [[Justification (theology)|Justification]] [[Christian worship]] |- | style="font-size:11px" | '''[[One Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church|Christian Church]]''' [[Catholicism]] [[Orthodox Christianity]] [[Protestantism]] [[Christian denomination]]s [[Christian movements]] [[Evangelism|Christian evangelism]] [[Christian ecumenism]] {{Tnavbar|කිතු දහම}} |} <noinclude> [[Category:Religion navigational boxes|Christianity]] [[ru:Шаблон:Христианство]] </noinclude> 5634 2006-06-18T06:01:28Z Ruwan 82 Template:කිතු දහම {| class="toccolours" cellspacing="3px" align="right" style="clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; text-align:center;" |- | colspan="2" |Part of a [[:Category:කිතු දහම|series]] of articles on '''[[කිතු දහම]]''' |- |<center><div style="position: relative; width: 50px; height: 70px; overflow: hidden"> <div style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; font-size: 200px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 200px; z-index: 3">[[Christianity|   ]]</div> <div style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 2">[[Image:Christian cross.svg|50px|Christianity]]</div> </div></center> |- | style="font-size:11px" | '''[[කිතු දහමේ ඉතිහාසය]]''' [[Timeline of Christianity]] [[දොළොස් අපෝස්තල්වරු|අපෝස්තල්වරු]] [[Ecumenical council]]s [[East-West Schism|Great Schism]] [[Crusade|The Crusades]] [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]] |- | style="font-size:11px" | '''[[Trinity|The Trinity]]''' [[God the Father]] [[Christology|The Son]] ([[Jesus]] [[Christ]]) [[ශුද්ධ ආත්මයානන්|ශුද්ධ ආත්මයානන්]] |- | style="font-size:11px" | '''[[බයිබලය]]''' [[පැරණි ගිවිසුම]] [[නව ගිවිසුම]] [[Apocrypha]] [[සුවිශේෂ|සුවිශේෂ ප්‍රකාශන]] [[දස පණත්]] [[කන්ද උඩ දේශණාව]] |- | style="font-size:11px" | '''[[Christian theology]]''' [[Fall of Man]] · [[Divine grace|Grace]] [[විමුක්තිය]] · [[Justification (theology)|Justification]] [[කිතු වන්දනාව]] |- | style="font-size:11px" | '''[[One Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church|Christian Church]]''' [[Catholicism]] [[Orthodox Christianity]] [[Protestantism]] [[Christian denomination]]s [[Christian movements]] [[Evangelism|Christian evangelism]] [[Christian ecumenism]] {{Tnavbar|කිතු දහම}} |} <noinclude> [[Category:Religion navigational boxes|Christianity]] [[ru:Шаблон:Христианство]] </noinclude> 5635 2006-06-18T07:17:31Z Ruwan 82 Template:කිතු දහම {| class="toccolours" cellspacing="3px" align="right" style="clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; text-align:center;" |- | colspan="2" |Part of a [[:Category:කිතු දහම|series]] of articles on '''[[කිතු දහම]]''' |- |<center><div style="position: relative; width: 50px; height: 70px; overflow: hidden"> <div style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; font-size: 200px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 200px; z-index: 3">[[Christianity|   ]]</div> <div style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 2">[[Image:Christian cross.svg|50px|Christianity]]</div> </div></center> |- | style="font-size:11px" | '''[[කිතු දහමේ ඉතිහාසය]]''' [[Timeline of Christianity]] [[දොළොස් අපෝස්තල්වරු|අපෝස්තල්වරු]] [[Ecumenical council]]s [[East-West Schism|Great Schism]] [[කුරුස යුද්ධය|කුරුස යුද්ධ]] [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]] |- | style="font-size:11px" | '''[[ශුද්ධවූ ත්‍රීත්වය|ශුද්ධවූ ත්‍රීත්වය]]''' [[පියාණන් වහන්සේ]] [[Christology|පුත්‍රයාණන් වහන්සේ]] ([[ජේසුස්]] [[ක්‍රිස්තුස්]] වහන්සේ) [[ශුද්ධාත්මයානන් වහන්සේ|ශුද්ධාත්මයානන් වහන්සේ]] |- | style="font-size:11px" | '''[[බයිබලය]]''' [[පැරණි ගිවිසුම]] [[නව ගිවිසුම]] [[Apocrypha]] [[සුවිශේෂ|සුවිශේෂ ප්‍රකාශන]] [[දස පණත්]] [[කන්ද උඩ දේශණාව]] |- | style="font-size:11px" | '''[[දේව ධර්ම ශාස්ත්‍රය]]''' [[Fall of Man]] · [[Divine grace|Grace]] [[විමුක්තිය]] · [[Justification (theology)|Justification]] [[කිතු වන්දනාව]] |- | style="font-size:11px" | '''[[එකම ශුද්ධවූ කතෝලික හා අපෝස්තල්වරුන්ගේ සභාව|ක්‍රිස්තියානි සභාව]]''' [[කතෝලික ධර්මය]] [[Orthodox Christianity]] [[Protestantism]] [[Christian denomination]]s [[Christian movements]] [[Evangelism|Christian evangelism]] [[Christian ecumenism]] {{Tnavbar|කිතු දහම}} |} <noinclude> [[Category:Religion navigational boxes|Christianity]] [[ru:Шаблон:Христианство]] </noinclude> 5637 2006-06-18T23:27:49Z Ruwan 82 Template:කිතු දහම {| class="toccolours" cellspacing="3px" align="right" style="clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; text-align:center;" |- | colspan="2" |Part of a [[:Category:කිතු දහම|series]] of articles on '''[[කිතු දහම]]''' |- |<center><div style="position: relative; width: 50px; height: 70px; overflow: hidden"> <div style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; font-size: 200px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 200px; z-index: 3">[[Christianity|   ]]</div> <div style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 2">[[Image:Christian cross.svg|50px|Christianity]]</div> </div></center> |- | style="font-size:11px" | '''[[කිතු දහමේ ඉතිහාසය]]''' [[Timeline of Christianity]] [[දොළොස් අපෝස්තල්වරු|අපෝස්තල්වරු]] [[Ecumenical council]]s [[East-West Schism|Great Schism]] [[කුරුස යුද්ධය|කුරුස යුද්ධ]] [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]] |- | style="font-size:11px" | '''[[ශුද්ධවූ ත්‍රීත්වය|ශුද්ධවූ ත්‍රීත්වය]]''' [[පියාණන් වහන්සේ]] [[Christology|පුත්‍රයාණන් වහන්සේ]] ([[ජේසුස්]] [[ක්‍රිස්තුස්]] වහන්සේ) [[ශුද්ධාත්මයානන් වහන්සේ|ශුද්ධාත්මයානන් වහන්සේ]] |- | style="font-size:11px" | '''[[බයිබලය]]''' [[පැරණි ගිවිසුම]] [[නව ගිවිසුම]] [[Apocrypha]] [[සුවිශේෂ|සුවිශේෂ ප්‍රකාශන]] [[දස පණත්]] [[කන්ද උඩ දේශණාව]] |- | style="font-size:11px" | '''[[දේව ධර්ම ශාස්ත්‍රය]]''' [[Fall of Man]] · [[Divine grace|Grace]] [[විමුක්තිය]] · [[Justification (theology)|Justification]] [[කිතු වන්දනාව]] |- | style="font-size:11px" | '''[[එකම ශුද්ධවූ කතෝලික හා අපෝස්තල්වරුන්ගේ සභාව|ක්‍රිස්තියානි සභාව]]''' [[රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව|කතෝලික ධර්මය]] [[Orthodox Christianity]] [[Protestantism]] [[Christian denomination]]s [[Christian movements]] [[Evangelism|Christian evangelism]] [[Christian ecumenism]] {{Tnavbar|කිතු දහම}} |} <noinclude> [[Category:Religion navigational boxes|Christianity]] [[ru:Шаблон:Христианство]] </noinclude> 5638 2006-06-18T23:36:18Z Ruwan 82 Template:කිතු දහම {| class="toccolours" cellspacing="3px" align="right" style="clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; text-align:center;" |- | colspan="2" |Part of a [[:Category:කිතු දහම|series]] of articles on '''[[කිතු දහම]]''' |- |<center><div style="position: relative; width: 50px; height: 70px; overflow: hidden"> <div style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; font-size: 200px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 200px; z-index: 3">[[Christianity|   ]]</div> <div style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 2">[[Image:Christian cross.svg|50px|Christianity]]</div> </div></center> |- | style="font-size:11px" | '''[[කිතු දහමේ ඉතිහාසය]]''' [[Timeline of Christianity]] [[දොළොස් අපෝස්තල්වරු|අපෝස්තල්වරු]] [[Ecumenical council]]s [[East-West Schism|Great Schism]] [[කුරුස යුද්ධය|කුරුස යුද්ධ]] [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]] |- | style="font-size:11px" | '''[[ශුද්ධවූ ත්‍රීත්වය|ශුද්ධවූ ත්‍රීත්වය]]''' [[පියාණන් වහන්සේ]] [[Christology|පුත්‍රයාණන් වහන්සේ]] ([[ජේසුස්]] [[ක්‍රිස්තුස්]] වහන්සේ) [[ශුද්ධාත්මයානන් වහන්සේ|ශුද්ධාත්මයානන් වහන්සේ]] |- | style="font-size:11px" | '''[[බයිබලය]]''' [[පැරණි ගිවිසුම]] [[නව ගිවිසුම]] [[Apocrypha]] [[සුවිශේෂය|සුවිශේෂ ප්‍රකාශන]] [[දස පණත්]] [[කන්ද උඩ දේශණාව]] |- | style="font-size:11px" | '''[[දේව ධර්ම ශාස්ත්‍රය]]''' [[මිනිසාගේ වැටීම]] · [[Divine grace|Grace]] [[විමුක්තිය]] · [[Justification (theology)|Justification]] [[කිතු වන්දනාව]] [[Antichrist]] |- | style="font-size:11px" | '''[[එකම ශුද්ධවූ කතෝලික හා අපෝස්තල්වරුන්ගේ සභාව|ක්‍රිස්තියානි සභාව]]''' [[රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව|කතෝලික ධර්මය]] [[Orthodox Christianity]] [[Protestantism]] [[Christian denomination]]s [[Christian movements]] [[Evangelism|Christian evangelism]] [[Christian ecumenism]] {{Tnavbar|කිතු දහම}} |} <noinclude> [[Category:Religion navigational boxes|Christianity]] [[ru:Шаблон:Христианство]] </noinclude> 5690 2006-06-25T08:49:09Z Ruwan 82 Template:කිතු දහම {| class="toccolours" cellspacing="3px" align="right" style="clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; text-align:center;" |- | colspan="2" |Part of a [[:Category:කිතු දහම|series]] of articles on '''[[කිතු දහම]]''' |- |<center><div style="position: relative; width: 50px; height: 70px; overflow: hidden"> <div style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; font-size: 200px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 200px; z-index: 3">[[Christianity|   ]]</div> <div style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 2">[[Image:Christian cross.svg|50px|කිතු දහම]]</div> </div></center> |- | style="font-size:11px" | '''[[කිතු දහමේ ඉතිහාසය]]''' [[Timeline of Christianity]] [[දොළොස් අපෝස්තල්වරු|අපෝස්තල්වරු]] [[Ecumenical council]]s [[East-West Schism|Great Schism]] [[කුරුස යුද්ධය|කුරුස යුද්ධ]] [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]] |- | style="font-size:11px" | '''[[ශුද්ධවූ ත්‍රීත්වය|ශුද්ධවූ ත්‍රීත්වය]]''' [[පියාණන් වහන්සේ]] [[Christology|පුත්‍රයාණන් වහන්සේ]] ([[ජේසුස්]] [[ක්‍රිස්තුස්|ක්‍රිස්තුස් වහන්සේ]]) [[ශුද්ධාත්මයානන් වහන්සේ|ශුද්ධාත්මයානන් වහන්සේ]] |- | style="font-size:11px" | '''[[බයිබලය]]''' [[පැරණි ගිවිසුම]] [[නව ගිවිසුම]] [[Apocrypha]] [[සුවිශේෂය|සුවිශේෂ ප්‍රකාශන]] [[දස පණත්]] [[කන්ද උඩ දේශණාව]] |- | style="font-size:11px" | '''[[දේව ධර්ම ශාස්ත්‍රය]]''' [[මිනිසාගේ වැටීම]] · [[Divine grace|Grace]] [[විමුක්තිය]] · [[Justification (theology)|Justification]] [[කිතු වන්දනාව]] [[Antichrist]] |- | style="font-size:11px" | '''[[එකම ශුද්ධවූ කතෝලික හා අපෝස්තල්වරුන්ගේ සභාව|ක්‍රිස්තියානි සභාව]]''' [[රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව|කතෝලික ධර්මය]] [[සාධාර්මික කිතු දහම]] [[ප්‍රොතෙස්තන්ත වාදය]] [[Christian denomination]]s [[ක්‍රිස්තියානි ව්‍යාපාර]] [[ධර්ම ප්‍රචාරය|ක්‍රිස්තියානි ධර්ම ප්‍රචාරය]] [[Christian ecumenism]] {{Tnavbar|කිතු දහම}} |} <noinclude> [[Category:Religion navigational boxes|Christianity]] [[ru:Шаблон:Христианство]] </noinclude> 5696 2006-06-25T18:13:03Z Ruwan 82 Template:කිතු දහම {| class="toccolours" cellspacing="3px" align="right" style="clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; text-align:center;" |- | colspan="2" |Part of a [[:Category:කිතු දහම|series]] of articles on '''[[කිතු දහම]]''' |- |<center><div style="position: relative; width: 50px; height: 70px; overflow: hidden"> <div style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; font-size: 200px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 200px; z-index: 3">[[Christianity|   ]]</div> <div style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 2">[[Image:Christian cross.svg|50px|කිතු දහම]]</div> </div></center> |- | style="font-size:11px" | '''[[කිතු දහමේ ඉතිහාසය]]''' [[Timeline of Christianity]] [[දොළොස් අපෝස්තල්වරු|අපෝස්තල්වරු]] [[Ecumenical council]]s [[East-West Schism|Great Schism]] [[කුරුස යුද්ධය|කුරුස යුද්ධ]] [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]] |- | style="font-size:11px" | '''[[ශුද්ධවූ ත්‍රීත්වය|ශුද්ධවූ ත්‍රීත්වය]]''' [[පියාණන් වහන්සේ]] [[Christology|පුත්‍රයාණන් වහන්සේ]] ([[ජේසුස්]] [[ක්‍රිස්තුස්|ක්‍රිස්තුස් වහන්සේ]]) [[ශුද්ධාත්මයානන් වහන්සේ|ශුද්ධාත්මයානන් වහන්සේ]] |- | style="font-size:11px" | '''[[බයිබලය]]''' [[පැරණි ගිවිසුම]] [[නව ගිවිසුම]] [[Apocrypha]] [[සුවිශේෂය|සුවිශේෂ ප්‍රකාශන]] [[දස පණත්]] [[කන්ද උඩ දේශණාව]] |- | style="font-size:11px" | '''[[දේව ධර්ම ශාස්ත්‍රය]]''' [[මිනිසාගේ වැටීම]] · [[Divine grace|Grace]] [[විමුක්තිය]] · [[Justification (theology)|Justification]] [[කිතු වන්දනාව]] [[Antichrist]] |- | style="font-size:11px" | '''[[එකම ශුද්ධවූ කතෝලික හා අපෝස්තල්වරුන්ගේ සභාව|ක්‍රිස්තියානි සභාව]]''' [[රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව|කතෝලික ධර්මය]] [[සාධාර්මික කිතු දහම]] [[ප්‍රොතෙස්තන්ත වාදය]] [[Christian denomination]]s [[ක්‍රිස්තියානි ව්‍යාපාර]] [[ධර්ම ප්‍රචාරය|ක්‍රිස්තියානි ධර්ම ප්‍රචාරය]] [[Christian ecumenism]] {{Tnavbar|කිතු දහම}} |} <noinclude> [[Category:Religion navigational boxes|Christianity]] [[ru:Шаблон:Христианство]] </noinclude> Template:Bibleverse 1937 5513 2006-06-04T11:18:48Z Lee 85 [http://php.ug.cs.usyd.edu.au/~jnot4610/bibref.php?book={{{1}}}%20{{{2}}}&verse={{{3}}}&src={{{4|31}}} {{{1}}} {{{2}}} {{{3}}}]<noinclude> This template is used to provide sources for bible verse references. See the [[Template talk:Bibleverse|talk page]] for usage, examples and source codes. [[Category:External link templates|Bibleverse]] [[ja:Template:Bibleverse]]</noinclude> කිතු දහම 1938 5514 2006-06-04T11:19:03Z Lee 85 {{කිතු දහම}} '''Christianity''' is a [[Monotheism#Christian view|monotheistic]] [[religion]] centered on the life and teachings of [[Jesus]] as recounted in the [[New Testament]]. Christians believe Jesus to be the [[Messiah]], and thus refer to him as Jesus [[Christ]]. With an estimated 2.1 billion adherents in 2001, Christianity is the world's largest [[major world religions|religion]]. [[Early Christianity|Christianity began]] in the [[first century]] as a Jewish [[sect]], and therefore shares many [[religious texts]] and early history with [[Judaism]]—specifically, the [[Tanakh|Hebrew Bible]], which Christians call the [[Old Testament]] (''see [[Judeo-Christian]]''). Like [[Judaism]] and [[Islam]], Christianity is an [[Abrahamic religion]]. In the [[New Testament]], the term "Christian" first appears in {{bibleverse||Acts|11:26|31}}: "The disciples were called Christians first at Antioch." ([[Greek language|Greek]]: {{polytonic|Χριστιανούς}}; ''Christianous''). 5515 2006-06-04T11:21:41Z Lee 85 {{කිතු දහම}} '''Christianity''' is a [[Monotheism#Christian view|monotheistic]] [[religion]] centered on the life and teachings of [[Jesus]] as recounted in the [[New Testament]]. Christians believe Jesus to be the [[Messiah]], and thus refer to him as Jesus [[Christ]]. With an estimated 2.1 billion adherents in 2001, Christianity is the world's largest [[major world religions|religion]]. [[Early Christianity|Christianity began]] in the [[first century]] as a Jewish [[sect]], and therefore shares many [[religious texts]] and early history with [[Judaism]]—specifically, the [[Tanakh|Hebrew Bible]], which Christians call the [[Old Testament]] (''see [[Judeo-Christian]]''). Like [[Judaism]] and [[Islam]], Christianity is an [[Abrahamic religion]]. In the [[New Testament]], the term "Christian" first appears in {{bibleverse||Acts|11:26|31}}: "The disciples were called Christians first at Antioch." ([[Greek language|Greek]]: {{polytonic|Χριστιανούς}}; ''Christianous''). [[Category:කිතු දහම|*]] [[af:Christendom]] [[ar:مسيحية]] [[an:Cristianismo]] [[frp:Cristianismo]] [[zh-min-nan:Ki-tok-kàu]] [[ba:Христианство]] [[be:Хрысьціянства]] [[bs:Kršćanstvo]] [[br:Kristeniezh]] [[bg:Християнство]] [[ca:Cristianisme]] [[cs:Křesťanství]] [[co:Cristianisimu]] [[cy:Cristnogaeth]] [[da:Kristendom]] [[de:Christentum]] [[dv:މަސީހީދީން]] [[en:Christianity]] [[et:Kristlus]] [[el:Χριστιανισμός]] [[es:Cristianismo]] [[eo:Kristanismo]] [[eu:Kristautasun]] [[fo:Kristindómur]] [[fr:Christianisme]] [[fur:Cristianesim]] [[ga:Críostaíocht]] [[gl:Cristianismo]] [[ko:기독교]] [[hi:ईसाई धर्म]] [[hr:Kršćanstvo]] [[io:Kristanismo]] [[ilo:Cristianidad]] [[id:Kristen]] [[ia:Christianismo]] [[os:Чырыстон дин]] [[zu:Ubukrestu]] [[is:Kristni]] [[it:Cristianesimo]] [[he:נצרות]] [[jv:Kristen]] [[ka:ქრისტიანობა]] [[kw:Kristoneth]] [[sw:Ukristo]] [[ht:Krisyanism]] [[la:Religio Christiana]] [[lv:Kristietība]] [[lb:Chrëschtentum]] [[lt:Krikščionybė]] [[li:Christendom]] [[ln:Boklísto]] [[jbo:xi'ojda]] [[hu:Kereszténység]] [[mk:Христијанство]] [[ml:ക്രിസ്തുമതം]] [[mt:Kristjaneżmu]] [[mi:Whakapono Karaitiana]] [[ms:Kristian]] [[mo:Крештинизм]] [[nl:Christendom]] [[nds-nl:Kristendom]] [[ja:キリスト教]] [[no:Kristendom]] [[nn:Kristendommen]] [[nrm:Chrêtchienneté]] [[oc:Cristianisme]] [[ug:خرعستعظان دعنع]] [[ps:عيسويت]] [[nds:Christendom]] [[pl:Chrześcijaństwo]] [[pt:Cristianismo]] [[ro:Creştinism]] [[ru:Христианство]] [[sco:Christianity]] [[scn:Cristianèsimu]] [[simple:Christianity]] [[sk:Kresťanstvo]] [[sl:Krščanstvo]] [[sr:Хришћанство]] [[sh:Hrišćanstvo]] [[fi:Kristinusko]] [[sv:Kristendom]] [[tl:Kristyanismo]] [[tt:Xristianlıq]] [[th:คริสต์ศาสนา]] [[vi:Kitô giáo]] [[tpi:Kristen]] [[tr:Hristiyan]] [[uk:Християнство]] [[wa:Crustinnisse]] [[vls:Christndom]] [[zh:基督教]] 5633 2006-06-17T18:39:11Z Ruwan 82 කිතු දහම {{කිතු දහම}}  '''කිතුදහම''' - නව ගිවිසුමේ සුවිශේෂ ප්‍රකාශන තුළ හෙලි දක්වා ඇති පරිදිි, ජේසුස් වහන්සේගේ ජීවිතය හා ධර්ම ඉගැන්වීම් මත කේන්‍ද්‍ර ගත වූ, ඒක දේව වාදී ආගමකි, කිතු දහම. ජේසුස් වහන්සේ ගැලවුම්කාරයණන් ලෙස කිතු (ක්‍රිස්තියානි ) භක්තිකයන් විශ්වාස කරන අතර, ජේසුස් ක්‍රිස්තුස් වහන්සේ ලෙස එතුමන්ව හඳුන්වත.ි ලෝකයේ බැතිමතුන් විශාලතම සංඛ්‍යාවක් සිටින ආගම කිතු දහම ලෙස, 2001 වසර තුල සංඛ්‍යාව බිලියන 2.1 පමණ බැව් තක්සේරු කර ඇත. පලමු සියවසේ ජුදාගමික නිකායක් වශයෙන් කිතුදහම ඇරඹුණු හෙයින්, ආගමික ලියවිලි බොහොමයක්ම හා මුල් ඉතිහාසය ජුදාගම සමග ඈඳෙන අතර, කිතු භක්තිකයන් පැරණි ගිවිසුම ලෙස යුදෙව් බයිබලය හඳුන්වති (see Judeo-Christian). ජුදාගම හා ඉස්ලාම් ධර්මය මෙන්, කිතුදහම ද ආබ්‍රහමික අාගමකි. නව ගිවිසුම තුළ පලමුවතාවට කිතුභක්තියා (කිතුබැතිමතා) පලවන්නේ ක්‍රියා 11:26 "The disciples were called Christians first at Antioch." වශයෙනි. (Greek accusative Χριστιανούς; Christianous)   -------------------- [[Category:කිතු දහම|*]] [[af:Christendom]] [[ar:مسيحية]] [[an:Cristianismo]] [[frp:Cristianismo]] [[zh-min-nan:Ki-tok-kàu]] [[ba:Христианство]] [[be:Хрысьціянства]] [[bs:Kršćanstvo]] [[br:Kristeniezh]] [[bg:Християнство]] [[ca:Cristianisme]] [[cs:Křesťanství]] [[co:Cristianisimu]] [[cy:Cristnogaeth]] [[da:Kristendom]] [[de:Christentum]] [[dv:މަސީހީދީން]] [[en:Christianity]] [[et:Kristlus]] [[el:Χριστιανισμός]] [[es:Cristianismo]] [[eo:Kristanismo]] [[eu:Kristautasun]] [[fo:Kristindómur]] [[fr:Christianisme]] [[fur:Cristianesim]] [[ga:Críostaíocht]] [[gl:Cristianismo]] [[ko:기독교]] [[hi:ईसाई धर्म]] [[hr:Kršćanstvo]] [[io:Kristanismo]] [[ilo:Cristianidad]] [[id:Kristen]] [[ia:Christianismo]] [[os:Чырыстон дин]] [[zu:Ubukrestu]] [[is:Kristni]] [[it:Cristianesimo]] [[he:נצרות]] [[jv:Kristen]] [[ka:ქრისტიანობა]] [[kw:Kristoneth]] [[sw:Ukristo]] [[ht:Krisyanism]] [[la:Religio Christiana]] [[lv:Kristietība]] [[lb:Chrëschtentum]] [[lt:Krikščionybė]] [[li:Christendom]] [[ln:Boklísto]] [[jbo:xi'ojda]] [[hu:Kereszténység]] [[mk:Христијанство]] [[ml:ക്രിസ്തുമതം]] [[mt:Kristjaneżmu]] [[mi:Whakapono Karaitiana]] [[ms:Kristian]] [[mo:Крештинизм]] [[nl:Christendom]] [[nds-nl:Kristendom]] [[ja:キリスト教]] [[no:Kristendom]] [[nn:Kristendommen]] [[nrm:Chrêtchienneté]] [[oc:Cristianisme]] [[ug:خرعستعظان دعنع]] [[ps:عيسويت]] [[nds:Christendom]] [[pl:Chrześcijaństwo]] [[pt:Cristianismo]] [[ro:Creştinism]] [[ru:Христианство]] [[sco:Christianity]] [[scn:Cristianèsimu]] [[simple:Christianity]] [[sk:Kresťanstvo]] [[sl:Krščanstvo]] [[sr:Хришћанство]] [[sh:Hrišćanstvo]] [[fi:Kristinusko]] [[sv:Kristendom]] [[tl:Kristyanismo]] [[tt:Xristianlıq]] [[th:คริสต์ศาสนา]] [[vi:Kitô giáo]] [[tpi:Kristen]] [[tr:Hristiyan]] [[uk:Християнство]] [[wa:Crustinnisse]] [[vls:Christndom]] [[zh:基督教]] Category:කිතු දහම 1939 5516 2006-06-04T11:24:43Z Lee 85 {{catmore}} 5656 2006-06-21T06:05:00Z Ruwan 82 Category:කිතු දහම {{portal}} {{sisterlinkswp|Category:Christianity}} {{catmore}} [[Image:Latin Cross.svg|left|100px]] This [[Wikipedia:Category|category]] is for a series of subcategories and articles on the subject of Christianity. {{CategoryTOC}} [[Category:Abrahamic religions]] [[Category:Monotheism]] [[Category:Western culture]] [[Category:Religious faiths, traditions, and movements]] [[af:Kategorie:Christendom]] [[ang:Category:Crīstendōm]] [[ar:تصنيف:مسيحية]] [[ast:Categoría:Cristianismu]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Ki-tok-kàu]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Хрысьціянства]] [[bg:Категория:Християнство]] [[ca:Categoria:Cristianisme]] [[cs:Kategorie:Křesťanství]] [[cy:Categori:Cristnogaeth]] [[da:Kategori:Kristendom]] [[de:Kategorie:Christentum]] [[et:Kategooria:Kristlus]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Χριστιανισμός]] [[es:Categoría:Cristianismo]] [[eo:Kategorio:Kristanismo]] [[fr:Catégorie:Christianisme]] [[ko:분류:기독교]] [[hr:Kategorija:Kršćanstvo]] [[io:Category:Kristanismo]] [[id:Kategori:Kristen]] [[ia:Category:Christianismo]] [[it:Categoria:Cristianesimo]] [[he:קטגוריה:נצרות]] [[ka:კატეგორია:ქრისტიანობა]] [[ht:Category:Krisyanis]] [[la:Categoria:Religio Christiana]] [[lb:Category:Chrëschtentum]] [[li:Kategorie:Christendom]] [[hu:Kategória:Kereszténység]] [[mt:Category:Kristjaneżmu]] [[ms:Kategori:Kristian]] [[nl:Categorie:Christendom]] [[nds-nl:Categorie:Christendom]] [[ja:Category:キリスト教]] [[no:Kategori:Kristendom]] [[nn:Kategori:Kristendom]] [[nds:Kategorie:Christendom]] [[pl:Kategoria:Chrześcijaństwo]] [[pt:Categoria:Cristianismo]] [[ro:Categorie:Creştinism]] [[ru:Категория:Христианство]] [[simple:Category:Christianity]] [[sk:Kategória:Kresťanstvo]] [[sl:Kategorija:Krščanstvo]] [[sr:Категорија:Хришћанство]] [[fi:Luokka:Kristinusko]] [[sv:Kategori:Kristendom]] [[tt:Törkem:Xristianlıq]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:คริสต์ศาสนา]] [[vi:Thể loại:Kitô giáo]] [[tr:Kategori:Hristiyanlık]] [[uk:Категорія:Християнство]] [[wa:Categoreye:Crustinnisse]] [[zh:Category:基督教]] 5689 2006-06-25T08:12:49Z Ruwan 82 Category:කිතු දහම {{portal}} {{sisterlinkswp|Category:Christianity}} {{catmore}} [[Image:Latin Cross.svg|left|100px]] This [[Wikipedia:Category|category]] is for a series of subcategories and articles on the subject of Christianity. {{CategoryTOC}} [[Category:ආබ්‍රහමික අාගම්]] [[Category:ඒක දේව වාදය]] [[Category:බටහිර සංස්කෘතිය]] [[Category:අාගමික විශ්වාස, සම්ප්‍රදායන් සහ ව්‍යාපාර]] [[af:Kategorie:Christendom]] [[ang:Category:Crīstendōm]] [[ar:تصنيف:مسيحية]] [[ast:Categoría:Cristianismu]] [[zh-min-nan:Category:Ki-tok-kàu]] [[be:Катэгорыя:Хрысьціянства]] [[bg:Категория:Християнство]] [[ca:Categoria:Cristianisme]] [[cs:Kategorie:Křesťanství]] [[cy:Categori:Cristnogaeth]] [[da:Kategori:Kristendom]] [[de:Kategorie:Christentum]] [[et:Kategooria:Kristlus]] [[el:Κατηγορία:Χριστιανισμός]] [[en:Category:Christianity]] [[es:Categoría:Cristianismo]] [[eo:Kategorio:Kristanismo]] [[fr:Catégorie:Christianisme]] [[ko:분류:기독교]] [[hr:Kategorija:Kršćanstvo]] [[io:Category:Kristanismo]] [[id:Kategori:Kristen]] [[ia:Category:Christianismo]] [[it:Categoria:Cristianesimo]] [[he:קטגוריה:נצרות]] [[ka:კატეგორია:ქრისტიანობა]] [[ht:Category:Krisyanis]] [[la:Categoria:Religio Christiana]] [[lb:Category:Chrëschtentum]] [[li:Kategorie:Christendom]] [[hu:Kategória:Kereszténység]] [[mt:Category:Kristjaneżmu]] [[ms:Kategori:Kristian]] [[nl:Categorie:Christendom]] [[nds-nl:Categorie:Christendom]] [[ja:Category:キリスト教]] [[no:Kategori:Kristendom]] [[nn:Kategori:Kristendom]] [[nds:Kategorie:Christendom]] [[pl:Kategoria:Chrześcijaństwo]] [[pt:Categoria:Cristianismo]] [[ro:Categorie:Creştinism]] [[ru:Категория:Христианство]] [[simple:Category:Christianity]] [[sk:Kategória:Kresťanstvo]] [[sl:Kategorija:Krščanstvo]] [[sr:Категорија:Хришћанство]] [[fi:Luokka:Kristinusko]] [[sv:Kategori:Kristendom]] [[tt:Törkem:Xristianlıq]] [[th:หมวดหมู่:คริสต์ศาสนา]] [[vi:Thể loại:Kitô giáo]] [[tr:Kategori:Hristiyanlık]] [[uk:Категорія:Християнство]] [[wa:Categoreye:Crustinnisse]] [[zh:Category:基督教]] Talk:වැදි ජනයා 1940 5518 2006-06-05T10:46:48Z Lee 85 ලිපියේ නම == ලිපියේ නම == මෙම ලිපියේ නම ලෙස "වැද්දන්" යන්න වෙනුවට "වැදි ජනයා" යන යෙදුම වඩා හොඳයි නේද? --[[User:Lee|Lee]] 10:46, 5 June 2006 (UTC) 5629 2006-06-13T12:08:14Z Lee 85 [[Talk:වැද්දන්]] moved to [[Talk:වැදි ජනයා]]: Moving the article to the most suitable name == ලිපියේ නම == මෙම ලිපියේ නම ලෙස "වැද්දන්" යන්න වෙනුවට "වැදි ජනයා" යන යෙදුම වඩා හොඳයි නේද? --[[User:Lee|Lee]] 10:46, 5 June 2006 (UTC) User:Ravincaldera 1941 5530 2006-06-08T09:37:27Z Ravincaldera 100 ==ආයු‌බෝවන්!== රවින් කල්‌දේරා‌ගේ පිටුවට ඔබ සැම සාදර‌යෙන් පිළිගන්‌නෙමි 5531 2006-06-08T09:39:09Z Ravincaldera 100 ==ආයු‌බෝවන්!== රවින් කල්‌දේරා‌ගේ පිටුවට ඔබ සැම සාදර‌යෙන් පිළිගන්‌නෙමි෴ මා විසින් සකසන ලද පිටු: [[වැද්දන්]] [[රොඩී]] [[අහිකුණ්ඨකයන්]] [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] 5532 2006-06-08T09:42:43Z Ravincaldera 100 ==ආයු‌බෝවන්!== රවින් කල්‌දේරා‌ගේ පිටුවට ඔබ සැම සාදර‌යෙන් පිළිගන්‌නෙමි෴ [[Image:Example.jpg]] මා විසින් දැනට සකසන ලද පිටු: [[වැද්දන්]], [[රොඩී]], [[අහිකුණ්ඨක]], [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] 5533 2006-06-08T09:45:43Z Ravincaldera 100 ==ආයු‌බෝවන්!== රවින් කල්‌දේරා‌ගේ පිටුවට ඔබ සැම සාදර‌යෙන් පිළිගන්‌නෙමි෴ මා විසින් දැනට සකසන ලද පිටු: [[වැද්දන්]], [[රොඩී]], [[අහිකුණ්ඨක]], [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] 5550 2006-06-08T14:20:50Z Ravincaldera 100 ==ආයු‌බෝවන්!== රවින් කල්‌දේරා‌ගේ පිටුවට ඔබ සැම සාදර‌යෙන් පිළිගන්‌නෙමි෴ [[Image:Example.jpg]] මා රවින් කල්‌දේරා ‌වෙමි. දැනට ‌කොළඹ ‌දේවධර්ම ශාස්ත්‍රාල‌යේ කථිකාචාර්යවරයකු වශ‌යෙන් කටයුතු කරමි. අප‌ගේ පර්‌යේෂණයන් සඳහා ‌බො‌හෝ විට ඉංග්‍රීස් වයිකිපිඩියාව භාවිතා කරන අතර, සිංහ‌ලෙන් කරන ලද ‌මෙම ‌කොටස හමු වූ‌යේ අහම්‌බෙනි. කෙ‌සේ ‌වෙතත්, ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ සාමාන්‍ය ජනතාව‌ගේ භාවිතය පිණිස වයිකිපිඩියා විශ්ව‌කෝෂය පුළුල් කිරී‌මේ ව්‍යාපෘතියට මා සතුටින් මා‌ගේ ශ්‍රමය දානය කිරීමට කැමැත්‌තෙමි. මා වාසින් ‌මේ විශ්ව‌කෝෂය ‌වෙත ඉදිරිපත් කරන ලිපි ‌බො‌හෝ විට මා‌ගේ පර්‌යේෂණන්‌ගේ ප්‍රතිපලයන් ය. මා විසින් දැනට සකසන ලද පිටු: [[වැද්දන්]], [[රොඩී]], [[අහිකුණ්ඨක]], [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] 5551 2006-06-08T14:21:47Z Ravincaldera 100 ==ආයු‌බෝවන්!== රවින් කල්‌දේරා‌ගේ පිටුවට ඔබ සැම සාදර‌යෙන් පිළිගන්‌නෙමි෴ [[Image:ravin.jpg]] මා රවින් කල්‌දේරා ‌වෙමි. දැනට ‌කොළඹ ‌දේවධර්ම ශාස්ත්‍රාල‌යේ කථිකාචාර්යවරයකු වශ‌යෙන් කටයුතු කරමි. අප‌ගේ පර්‌යේෂණයන් සඳහා ‌බො‌හෝ විට ඉංග්‍රීස් වයිකිපිඩියාව භාවිතා කරන අතර, සිංහ‌ලෙන් කරන ලද ‌මෙම ‌කොටස හමු වූ‌යේ අහම්‌බෙනි. කෙ‌සේ ‌වෙතත්, ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ සාමාන්‍ය ජනතාව‌ගේ භාවිතය පිණිස වයිකිපිඩියා විශ්ව‌කෝෂය පුළුල් කිරී‌මේ ව්‍යාපෘතියට මා සතුටින් මා‌ගේ ශ්‍රමය දානය කිරීමට කැමැත්‌තෙමි. මා වාසින් ‌මේ විශ්ව‌කෝෂය ‌වෙත ඉදිරිපත් කරන ලිපි ‌බො‌හෝ විට මා‌ගේ පර්‌යේෂණන්‌ගේ ප්‍රතිපලයන් ය. මා විසින් දැනට සකසන ලද පිටු: [[වැද්දන්]], [[රොඩී]], [[අහිකුණ්ඨක]], [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] 5553 2006-06-08T14:25:27Z Ravincaldera 100 ==ආයු‌බෝවන්!== රවින් කල්‌දේරා‌ගේ පිටුවට ඔබ සැම සාදර‌යෙන් පිළිගන්‌නෙමි෴ [[Image:ravin.jpg|thumb|right|350px| අධ්‍යයන‌යේ ‌යෙදී සිටින විට...]] මා රවින් කල්‌දේරා ‌වෙමි. දැනට ‌කොළඹ ‌දේවධර්ම ශාස්ත්‍රාල‌යේ කථිකාචාර්යවරයකු වශ‌යෙන් කටයුතු කරමි. අප‌ගේ පර්‌යේෂණයන් සඳහා ‌බො‌හෝ විට ඉංග්‍රීස් වයිකිපිඩියාව භාවිතා කරන අතර, සිංහ‌ලෙන් කරන ලද ‌මෙම ‌කොටස හමු වූ‌යේ අහම්‌බෙනි. කෙ‌සේ ‌වෙතත්, ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ සාමාන්‍ය ජනතාව‌ගේ භාවිතය පිණිස වයිකිපිඩියා විශ්ව‌කෝෂය පුළුල් කිරී‌මේ ව්‍යාපෘතියට මා සතුටින් මා‌ගේ ශ්‍රමය දානය කිරීමට කැමැත්‌තෙමි. මා වාසින් ‌මේ විශ්ව‌කෝෂය ‌වෙත ඉදිරිපත් කරන ලිපි ‌බො‌හෝ විට මා‌ගේ පර්‌යේෂණන්‌ගේ ප්‍රතිපලයන් ය. මා විසින් දැනට සකසන ලද පිටු: [[වැද්දන්]], [[රොඩී]], [[අහිකුණ්ඨක]], [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] 5554 2006-06-08T14:26:22Z Ravincaldera 100 ==ආයු‌බෝවන්!== රවින් කල්‌දේරා‌ගේ පිටුවට ඔබ සැම සාදර‌යෙන් පිළිගන්‌නෙමි෴ [[Image:ravin.jpg|thumb|left|100px| අධ්‍යයන‌යේ ‌යෙදී සිටින විට...]] මා රවින් කල්‌දේරා ‌වෙමි. දැනට ‌කොළඹ ‌දේවධර්ම ශාස්ත්‍රාල‌යේ කථිකාචාර්යවරයකු වශ‌යෙන් කටයුතු කරමි. අප‌ගේ පර්‌යේෂණයන් සඳහා ‌බො‌හෝ විට ඉංග්‍රීස් වයිකිපිඩියාව භාවිතා කරන අතර, සිංහ‌ලෙන් කරන ලද ‌මෙම ‌කොටස හමු වූ‌යේ අහම්‌බෙනි. කෙ‌සේ ‌වෙතත්, ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ සාමාන්‍ය ජනතාව‌ගේ භාවිතය පිණිස වයිකිපිඩියා විශ්ව‌කෝෂය පුළුල් කිරී‌මේ ව්‍යාපෘතියට මා සතුටින් මා‌ගේ ශ්‍රමය දානය කිරීමට කැමැත්‌තෙමි. මා වාසින් ‌මේ විශ්ව‌කෝෂය ‌වෙත ඉදිරිපත් කරන ලිපි ‌බො‌හෝ විට මා‌ගේ පර්‌යේෂණන්‌ගේ ප්‍රතිපලයන් ය. මා විසින් දැනට සකසන ලද පිටු: [[වැද්දන්]], [[රොඩී]], [[අහිකුණ්ඨක]], [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] 5555 2006-06-09T04:02:51Z Ravincaldera 100 ==ආයු‌බෝවන්!== රවින් කල්‌දේරා‌ගේ පිටුවට ඔබ සැම සාදර‌යෙන් පිළිගන්‌නෙමි෴ [[Image:ravin.jpg|thumb|left|150px| අධ්‍යයන‌යේ ‌යෙදී සිටින විට...]] මා රවින් කල්‌දේරා. දැනට ‌කොළඹ ‌දේවධර්ම ශාස්ත්‍රාල‌යේ කථිකාචාර්යවරයකු වශ‌යෙන් කටයුතු කරමි. අප‌ගේ පර්‌යේෂණයන් සඳහා ‌බො‌හෝ විට ඉංග්‍රීස් වයිකිපිඩියාව භාවිතා කරන අතර, සිංහ‌ලෙන් කරන ලද ‌මෙම ‌කොටස හමු වූ‌යේ අහම්‌බෙනි. කෙ‌සේ ‌වෙතත්, ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ සාමාන්‍ය ජනතාව‌ගේ භාවිතය පිණිස වයිකිපිඩියා විශ්ව‌කෝෂය පුළුල් කිරී‌මේ ව්‍යාපෘතියට මා සතුටින් මා‌ගේ ශ්‍රමය දානය කිරීමට කැමැත්‌තෙමි. මා වාසින් ‌මේ විශ්ව‌කෝෂය ‌වෙත ඉදිරිපත් කරන ලිපි ‌බො‌හෝ විට මා‌ගේ පර්‌යේෂණන්‌ගේ ප්‍රතිපලයන් ය. ==වයිකිපිඩියා දායකත්වය== මා විසින් දැනට සකසන ලද පිටු: [[වැද්දන්]], [[රොඩී]], [[අහිකුණ්ඨක]], [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] ==පර්‌යේෂණ‌යේ ‌නියැ‌ලෙන ‌‌‌ක්‌‌‌ෂේත්‍රයන්== සංස්කෘතික මානව විද්‍යාව-ජනවර්ග, සාම්ප්‍රදායික ගම්මාන, ජිවිතරටා හා අභිචාරවිධි. සාම්ප්‍රදායික කෘෂි පදනම් ග්‍රාමිය ජීවන රටාව සහ වැව් ආශ්‍රීත ග්‍රාම්‍ය ජීවන රටා . අන්තර්සංස්කෘතික සංනිවේදනය. කිතුදහම-බයිබලිය සාහිත්‍ය, බයිබලිය ඉතිහාසය, සම්භාව්‍ය ‌හෙ‌බ්‍රෙව් සහ ග්‍රීක් භාෂාවන්. බුදු දහම-ව්‍යවහාරික සහ නිය්‍යාත්මක බුදු දහම, ශ්‍රී ලංකා ‌බොදු ශාසන ඉතිහාසය, බොදුනු අභිචාර විධි. ශ්‍රී ලංකා ඉතිහාසය-ප්‍රාග් ‌ඓතිහාසික යුගයන්, පෘතුගිසි, ලන්‌‌දේසි, ඉංග්‍රීසි යුගයන්. ශ්‍රී ලංකා කිතුනු ශාසන ඉතිහාසය-‌‌ප්‍රො‌තෙස්තන්ත සහ ක‌තෝලික ශාසන ඉතිහාසය, ත‌තෝලික සාහිත්‍ය, කිතුනු ගෘහ නිර්මාණ ශිල්පය. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය හා භාෂාව භූ‌ගෝලය හා සිතියම් නිර්මාණය (වි‌ශේෂ‌යෙන් බයිබලීය භූ‌ගෝලය). 5556 2006-06-09T04:04:45Z Ravincaldera 100 ==ආයු‌බෝවන්!== රවින් කල්‌දේරා‌ගේ පිටුවට ඔබ සැම සාදර‌යෙන් පිළිගන්‌නෙමි෴ [[Image:ravin.jpg|thumb|left|130px| '''අධ්‍යයන‌යක ‌යෙදී සිටින විට...''']] මා රවින් කල්‌දේරා. දැනට ‌කොළඹ ‌දේවධර්ම ශාස්ත්‍රාල‌යේ කථිකාචාර්යවරයකු වශ‌යෙන් කටයුතු කරමි. අප‌ගේ පර්‌යේෂණයන් සඳහා ‌බො‌හෝ විට ඉංග්‍රීස් වයිකිපිඩියාව භාවිතා කරන අතර, සිංහ‌ලෙන් කරන ලද ‌මෙම ‌කොටස හමු වූ‌යේ අහම්‌බෙනි. කෙ‌සේ ‌වෙතත්, ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ සාමාන්‍ය ජනතාව‌ගේ භාවිතය පිණිස වයිකිපිඩියා විශ්ව‌කෝෂය පුළුල් කිරී‌මේ ව්‍යාපෘතියට මා සතුටින් මා‌ගේ ශ්‍රමය දානය කිරීමට කැමැත්‌තෙමි. මා වාසින් ‌මේ විශ්ව‌කෝෂය ‌වෙත ඉදිරිපත් කරන ලිපි ‌බො‌හෝ විට මා‌ගේ පර්‌යේෂණන්‌ගේ ප්‍රතිපලයන් ය. ==වයිකිපිඩියා දායකත්වය== මා විසින් දැනට සකසන ලද පිටු: ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ජනවර්ග- [[වැද්දන්]], [[රොඩී]], [[අහිකුණ්ඨක]], [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] ==පර්‌යේෂණ‌යේ ‌නියැ‌ලෙන ‌‌‌ක්‌‌‌ෂේත්‍රයන්== සංස්කෘතික මානව විද්‍යාව-ජනවර්ග, සාම්ප්‍රදායික ගම්මාන, ජිවිතරටා හා අභිචාරවිධි. සාම්ප්‍රදායික කෘෂි පදනම් ග්‍රාමිය ජීවන රටාව සහ වැව් ආශ්‍රීත ග්‍රාම්‍ය ජීවන රටා . අන්තර්සංස්කෘතික සංනිවේදනය. කිතුදහම-බයිබලිය සාහිත්‍ය, බයිබලිය ඉතිහාසය, සම්භාව්‍ය ‌හෙ‌බ්‍රෙව් සහ ග්‍රීක් භාෂාවන්. බුදු දහම-ව්‍යවහාරික සහ නිය්‍යාත්මක බුදු දහම, ශ්‍රී ලංකා ‌බොදු ශාසන ඉතිහාසය, බොදුනු අභිචාර විධි. ශ්‍රී ලංකා ඉතිහාසය-ප්‍රාග් ‌ඓතිහාසික යුගයන්, පෘතුගිසි, ලන්‌‌දේසි, ඉංග්‍රීසි යුගයන්. ශ්‍රී ලංකා කිතුනු ශාසන ඉතිහාසය-‌‌ප්‍රො‌තෙස්තන්ත සහ ක‌තෝලික ශාසන ඉතිහාසය, ත‌තෝලික සාහිත්‍ය, කිතුනු ගෘහ නිර්මාණ ශිල්පය. සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය හා භාෂාව භූ‌ගෝලය හා සිතියම් නිර්මාණය (වි‌ශේෂ‌යෙන් බයිබලීය භූ‌ගෝලය). 5557 2006-06-09T04:08:47Z Ravincaldera 100 ==ආයු‌බෝවන්!== රවින් කල්‌දේරා‌ගේ පිටුවට ඔබ සැම සාදර‌යෙන් පිළිගන්‌නෙමි෴ [[Image:ravin.jpg|thumb|left|130px| අධ්‍යයන‌යක ‌යෙදී සිටින විට...]] මා රවින් කල්‌දේරා. දැනට ‌කොළඹ ‌දේවධර්ම ශාස්ත්‍රාල‌යේ කථිකාචාර්යවරයකු වශ‌යෙන් කටයුතු කරමි. අප‌ගේ පර්‌යේෂණයන් සඳහා ‌බො‌හෝ විට ඉංග්‍රීසි වයිකිපිඩියාව භාවිතා කරන අතර, සිංහ‌ලෙන් කරන ලද ‌මෙම ‌කොටස හමු වූ‌යේ අහම්‌බෙනි. කෙ‌සේ ‌වෙතත්, ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ සාමාන්‍ය ජනතාව‌ගේ භාවිතය පිණිස වයිකිපිඩියා විශ්ව‌කෝෂය පුළුල් කිරී‌මේ ව්‍යාපෘතියට මා සතුටින් මා‌ගේ ශ්‍රමය දානය කිරීමට කැමැත්‌තෙමි. මා වාසින් ‌මේ විශ්ව‌කෝෂය ‌වෙත ඉදිරිපත් කරන ලිපි ‌බො‌හෝ විට මා‌ගේ පර්‌යේෂණන්‌ගේ ප්‍රතිපලයන් ය. වි‌වේකය ලත් සෑම විටක ම ‌මෙහි අලුත් පිටුවක වැඩ ආරම්භ කිරීම මා‌ගේ ඉලක්කය ය. ==වයිකිපිඩියා දායකත්වය== මා විසින් දැනට සකසන ලද පිටු: ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ජනවර්ග- [[වැද්දන්]], [[රොඩී]], [[අහිකුණ්ඨක]], [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] ==පර්‌යේෂණ‌යේ ‌නියැ‌ලෙන ‌‌‌ක්‌‌‌ෂේත්‍රයන්== '''සංස්කෘතික මානව විද්‍යාව'''-ජනවර්ග, සාම්ප්‍රදායික ගම්මාන, ජිවිතරටා හා අභිචාරවිධි; සාම්ප්‍රදායික කෘෂි පදනම් ග්‍රාමිය ජීවන රටාව සහ වැව් ආශ්‍රීත ග්‍රාම්‍ය ජීවන රටා; '''අන්තර්සංස්කෘතික සංනිවේදනය'''; '''කිතුදහම'''-බයිබලිය සාහිත්‍ය, බයිබලිය ඉතිහාසය, සම්භාව්‍ය ‌හෙ‌බ්‍රෙව් සහ ග්‍රීක් භාෂාවන්; '''බුදු දහම'''-ව්‍යවහාරික සහ නිය්‍යාත්මක බුදු දහම, ශ්‍රී ලංකා ‌බොදු ශාසන ඉතිහාසය, බොදුනු අභිචාර විධි; '''ශ්‍රී ලංකා ඉතිහාසය'''-ප්‍රාග් ‌ඓතිහාසික යුගයන්, පෘතුගිසි, ලන්‌‌දේසි, ඉංග්‍රීසි යුගයන්; '''ශ්‍රී ලංකා කිතුනු ශාසන ඉතිහාසය'''-‌‌ප්‍රො‌තෙස්තන්ත සහ ක‌තෝලික ශාසන ඉතිහාසය, ත‌තෝලික '''සාහිත්‍ය, කිතුනු ගෘහ නිර්මාණ ශිල්පය'''; '''සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය සහ භාෂාව'''; '''භූ‌ගෝලය හා සිතියම් නිර්මාණය''' (වි‌ශේෂ‌යෙන් බයිබලීය භූ‌ගෝලය); 5558 2006-06-09T04:13:24Z Ravincaldera 100 ==ආයු‌බෝවන්!== රවින් කල්‌දේරා‌ගේ පිටුවට ඔබ සැම සාදර‌යෙන් පිළිගන්‌නෙමි෴ [[Image:ravin.jpg|thumb|left|130px| අධ්‍යයන‌යක ‌යෙදී සිටින විට...]] මා රවින් කල්‌දේරා. දැනට ‌කොළඹ ‌දේවධර්ම ශාස්ත්‍රාල‌යේ කථිකාචාර්යවරයකු වශ‌යෙන් කටයුතු කරමි. අප‌ගේ පර්‌යේෂණයන් සඳහා ‌බො‌හෝ විට ඉංග්‍රීසි වයිකිපිඩියාව භාවිතා කරන අතර, සිංහ‌ලෙන් කරන ලද ‌මෙම ‌කොටස හමු වූ‌යේ අහම්‌බෙනි. කෙ‌සේ ‌වෙතත්, ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ සාමාන්‍ය ජනතාව‌ගේ භාවිතය පිණිස වයිකිපිඩියා විශ්ව‌කෝෂය පුළුල් කිරී‌මේ ව්‍යාපෘතියට මා සතුටින් මා‌ගේ ශ්‍රමය දානය කිරීමට කැමැත්‌තෙමි. මා වාසින් ‌මේ විශ්ව‌කෝෂය ‌වෙත ඉදිරිපත් කරන ලිපි ‌බො‌හෝ විට මා‌ගේ පර්‌යේෂණන්‌ගේ ප්‍රතිපලයන් ‌‌වේ. වි‌වේකය ලත් සෑම විටක ම ‌මෙහි අලුත් පිටුවක වැඩ ආරම්භ කිරීම මා‌ගේ ඉලක්කය යි෴ ==වයිකිපිඩියා දායකත්වය== මා විසින් දැනට ආරම්භ ‌කොට සකසන ලද පිටු: ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ජනවර්ග- [[වැද්දන්]], [[රොඩී]], [[අහිකුණ්ඨක]], [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] ==පර්‌යේෂණ‌යේ ‌නියැ‌ලෙන ‌‌‌ක්‌‌‌ෂේත්‍රයන්== [[සංස්කෘතික මානව විද්‍යාව]]-ජනවර්ග, සාම්ප්‍රදායික ගම්මාන, ජිවිතරටා හා අභිචාරවිධි; සාම්ප්‍රදායික කෘෂි පදනම් ග්‍රාමිය ජීවන රටාව සහ වැව් ආශ්‍රීත ග්‍රාම්‍ය ජීවන රටා; [[අන්තර්සංස්කෘතික සංනිවේදනය]]; [[කිතුදහම]]-බයිබලිය සාහිත්‍ය, බයිබලිය ඉතිහාසය, සම්භාව්‍ය ‌හෙ‌බ්‍රෙව් සහ ග්‍රීක් භාෂාවන්; [[බුදු දහම]]-ව්‍යවහාරික සහ නිය්‍යාත්මක බුදු දහම, ශ්‍රී ලංකා ‌බොදු ශාසන ඉතිහාසය, බොදුනු අභිචාර විධි; [[ශ්‍රී ලංකා ඉතිහාසය]]-ප්‍රාග් ‌ඓතිහාසික යුගයන්, පෘතුගිසි, ලන්‌‌දේසි, ඉංග්‍රීසි යුගයන්; [[ශ්‍රී ලංකා කිතුනු ශාසන ඉතිහාසය]]-‌‌ප්‍රො‌තෙස්තන්ත සහ ක‌තෝලික ශාසන ඉතිහාසය, ත‌තෝලික සාහිත්‍ය, කිතුනු ගෘහ නිර්මාණ ශිල්පය; [[සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය සහ භාෂාව]]; [[භූ‌ගෝලය හා සිතියම් නිර්මාණය]] (වි‌ශේෂ‌යෙන් බයිබලීය භූ‌ගෝලය); 5559 2006-06-09T04:14:26Z Ravincaldera 100 ==ආයු‌බෝවන්!== රවින් කල්‌දේරා‌ගේ පිටුවට ඔබ සැම සාදර‌යෙන් පිළිගන්‌නෙමි෴ [[Image:ravin.jpg|thumb|left|130px| අධ්‍යයන‌යක ‌යෙදී සිටින විට...]] මා රවින් කල්‌දේරා. දැනට ‌කොළඹ ‌දේවධර්ම ශාස්ත්‍රාල‌යේ කථිකාචාර්යවරයකු වශ‌යෙන් කටයුතු කරමි. අප‌ගේ පර්‌යේෂණයන් සඳහා ‌බො‌හෝ විට ඉංග්‍රීසි වයිකිපිඩියාව භාවිතා කරන අතර, සිංහ‌ලෙන් කරන ලද ‌මෙම ‌කොටස හමු වූ‌යේ අහම්‌බෙනි. කෙ‌සේ ‌වෙතත්, ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ සාමාන්‍ය ජනතාව‌ගේ භාවිතය පිණිස වයිකිපිඩියා විශ්ව‌කෝෂය පුළුල් කිරී‌මේ ව්‍යාපෘතියට මා සතුටින් මා‌ගේ ශ්‍රමය දානය කිරීමට කැමැත්‌තෙමි. මා වාසින් ‌මේ විශ්ව‌කෝෂය ‌වෙත ඉදිරිපත් කරන ලිපි ‌බො‌හෝ විට මා‌ගේ පර්‌යේෂණන්‌ගේ ප්‍රතිපලයන් ‌‌වේ. වි‌වේකය ලත් සෑම විටක ම ‌මෙහි අලුත් පිටුවක වැඩ ආරම්භ කිරීම මා‌ගේ ඉලක්කය යි෴ ==පර්‌යේෂණ‌යේ ‌නියැ‌ලෙන ‌‌‌ක්‌‌‌ෂේත්‍රයන්== [[සංස්කෘතික මානව විද්‍යාව]]-ජනවර්ග, සාම්ප්‍රදායික ගම්මාන, ජිවිතරටා හා අභිචාරවිධි; සාම්ප්‍රදායික කෘෂි පදනම් ග්‍රාමිය ජීවන රටාව සහ වැව් ආශ්‍රීත ග්‍රාම්‍ය ජීවන රටා; [[අන්තර්සංස්කෘතික සංනිවේදනය]]; [[කිතුදහම]]-බයිබලිය සාහිත්‍ය, බයිබලිය ඉතිහාසය, සම්භාව්‍ය ‌හෙ‌බ්‍රෙව් සහ ග්‍රීක් භාෂාවන්; [[බුදු දහම]]-ව්‍යවහාරික සහ නිය්‍යාත්මක බුදු දහම, ශ්‍රී ලංකා ‌බොදු ශාසන ඉතිහාසය, බොදුනු අභිචාර විධි; [[ශ්‍රී ලංකා ඉතිහාසය]]-ප්‍රාග් ‌ඓතිහාසික යුගයන්, පෘතුගිසි, ලන්‌‌දේසි, ඉංග්‍රීසි යුගයන්; [[ශ්‍රී ලංකා කිතුනු ශාසන ඉතිහාසය]]-‌‌ප්‍රො‌තෙස්තන්ත සහ ක‌තෝලික ශාසන ඉතිහාසය, ත‌තෝලික සාහිත්‍ය, කිතුනු ගෘහ නිර්මාණ ශිල්පය; [[සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය සහ භාෂාව]]; [[භූ‌ගෝලය හා සිතියම් නිර්මාණය]] (වි‌ශේෂ‌යෙන් බයිබලීය භූ‌ගෝලය); ==වයිකිපිඩියා දායකත්වය== මා විසින් දැනට ආරම්භ ‌කොට සකසන ලද පිටු: ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ජනවර්ග- [[වැද්දන්]], [[රොඩී]], [[අහිකුණ්ඨක]], [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] 5560 2006-06-09T04:19:32Z Ravincaldera 100 /* ආයු‌බෝවන්! */ ==ආයු‌බෝවන්!== රවින් කල්‌දේරා‌ගේ පිටුවට ඔබ සැම සාදර‌යෙන් පිළිගන්‌නෙමි෴ [[Image:ravin.jpg|thumb|left|130px| අධ්‍යයන‌යක ‌යෙදී සිටින විට...]] මා රවින් කල්‌දේරා. දැනට ‌කොළඹ ‌දේවධර්ම ශාස්ත්‍රාල‌යේ කථිකාචාර්යවරයකු වශ‌යෙන් කටයුතු කරමි. අප‌ගේ පර්‌යේෂණයන් සඳහා ‌බො‌හෝ විට ඉංග්‍රීසි වයිකිපිඩියාව භාවිතා කරන අතර, සිංහ‌ලෙන් කරන ලද ‌මෙම ‌කොටස හමු වූ‌යේ අහම්‌බෙනි. කෙ‌සේ ‌වෙතත්, ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ සාමාන්‍ය ජනතාව‌ගේ භාවිතය පිණිස වයිකිපිඩියා විශ්ව‌කෝෂය පුළුල් කිරී‌මේ ව්‍යාපෘතියට මා සතුටින් මා‌ගේ ශ්‍රමය දානය කිරීමට කැමැත්‌තෙමි. මා වාසින් ‌මේ විශ්ව‌කෝෂය ‌වෙත ඉදිරිපත් කරන ලිපි ‌බො‌හෝ විට මා‌ගේ පර්‌යේෂණන්‌ගේ ප්‍රතිපලයන් ‌‌වේ. වි‌වේකය ලත් සෑම විටක ම ‌මෙහි අලුත් පිටුවක වැඩ ආරම්භ කිරීම මා‌ගේ ඉලක්කය යි෴ මා පර්‌යේෂණයේ සහ අධ්‍යන‌යේ නියැ‌ලෙන ශාස්ත්‍රාල‌යේ අන්තර්ජාල අඩවිය: http://www.cts.lk/cts/index.htm ==පර්‌යේෂණ‌යේ ‌නියැ‌ලෙන ‌‌‌ක්‌‌‌ෂේත්‍රයන්== [[සංස්කෘතික මානව විද්‍යාව]]-ජනවර්ග, සාම්ප්‍රදායික ගම්මාන, ජිවිතරටා හා අභිචාරවිධි; සාම්ප්‍රදායික කෘෂි පදනම් ග්‍රාමිය ජීවන රටාව සහ වැව් ආශ්‍රීත ග්‍රාම්‍ය ජීවන රටා; [[අන්තර්සංස්කෘතික සංනිවේදනය]]; [[කිතුදහම]]-බයිබලිය සාහිත්‍ය, බයිබලිය ඉතිහාසය, සම්භාව්‍ය ‌හෙ‌බ්‍රෙව් සහ ග්‍රීක් භාෂාවන්; [[බුදු දහම]]-ව්‍යවහාරික සහ නිය්‍යාත්මක බුදු දහම, ශ්‍රී ලංකා ‌බොදු ශාසන ඉතිහාසය, බොදුනු අභිචාර විධි; [[ශ්‍රී ලංකා ඉතිහාසය]]-ප්‍රාග් ‌ඓතිහාසික යුගයන්, පෘතුගිසි, ලන්‌‌දේසි, ඉංග්‍රීසි යුගයන්; [[ශ්‍රී ලංකා කිතුනු ශාසන ඉතිහාසය]]-‌‌ප්‍රො‌තෙස්තන්ත සහ ක‌තෝලික ශාසන ඉතිහාසය, ත‌තෝලික සාහිත්‍ය, කිතුනු ගෘහ නිර්මාණ ශිල්පය; [[සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය සහ භාෂාව]]; [[භූ‌ගෝලය හා සිතියම් නිර්මාණය]] (වි‌ශේෂ‌යෙන් බයිබලීය භූ‌ගෝලය); ==වයිකිපිඩියා දායකත්වය== මා විසින් දැනට ආරම්භ ‌කොට සකසන ලද පිටු: ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ජනවර්ග- [[වැද්දන්]], [[රොඩී]], [[අහිකුණ්ඨක]], [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] 5581 2006-06-09T09:24:48Z Ravincaldera 100 /* ආයු‌බෝවන්! */ ==ආයු‌බෝවන්!== රවින් කල්‌දේරා‌ගේ පිටුවට ඔබ සැම සාදර‌යෙන් පිළිගන්‌නෙමි෴ [[Image:ravin.jpg|thumb|left|130px| අධ්‍යයන‌යක ‌යෙදී සිටින විට...]] මා රවින් කල්‌දේරා. දැනට ‌කොළඹ ‌දේවධර්ම ශාස්ත්‍රාල‌යේ කථිකාචාර්යවරයකු වශ‌යෙන් කටයුතු කරමි. අප‌ගේ පර්‌යේෂණයන් සඳහා ‌බො‌හෝ විට ඉංග්‍රීසි වයිකිපිඩියාව භාවිතා කරන අතර, සිංහ‌ලෙන් කරන ලද ‌මෙම ‌කොටස හමු වූ‌යේ අහම්‌බෙනි. කෙ‌සේ ‌වෙතත්, ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ සාමාන්‍ය ජනතාව‌ගේ භාවිතය පිණිස වයිකිපිඩියා විශ්ව‌කෝෂය පුළුල් කිරී‌මේ ව්‍යාපෘතියට මා සතුටින් මා‌ගේ ශ්‍රමය දානය කරන්‌නෙමි. මා විසින් ‌මේ විශ්ව‌කෝෂය ‌වෙත ඉදිරිපත් කරන ලිපි ‌බො‌හෝ විට මා‌ගේ ‌පෞද්ගලික පර්‌යේෂණන්‌ගේ ප්‍රතිපලයන් ‌‌වේ. වි‌වේකය ලත් සෑම විටක දී ම ‌මෙහි අලුත් පිටුවක වැඩ ආරම්භ කිරීම මා‌ගේ ඉලක්කය යි෴ මා පර්‌යේෂණයේ සහ අධ්‍යන‌යේ නියැ‌ලෙන ශාස්ත්‍රාල‌යේ අන්තර්ජාල අඩවිය: http://www.cts.lk/cts/index.htm ==පර්‌යේෂණ‌යේ ‌නියැ‌ලෙන ‌‌‌ක්‌‌‌ෂේත්‍රයන්== [[සංස්කෘතික මානව විද්‍යාව]]-ජනවර්ග, සාම්ප්‍රදායික ගම්මාන, ජිවිතරටා හා අභිචාරවිධි; සාම්ප්‍රදායික කෘෂි පදනම් ග්‍රාමිය ජීවන රටාව සහ වැව් ආශ්‍රීත ග්‍රාම්‍ය ජීවන රටා; [[අන්තර්සංස්කෘතික සංනිවේදනය]]; [[කිතුදහම]]-බයිබලිය සාහිත්‍ය, බයිබලිය ඉතිහාසය, සම්භාව්‍ය ‌හෙ‌බ්‍රෙව් සහ ග්‍රීක් භාෂාවන්; [[බුදු දහම]]-ව්‍යවහාරික සහ නිය්‍යාත්මක බුදු දහම, ශ්‍රී ලංකා ‌බොදු ශාසන ඉතිහාසය, බොදුනු අභිචාර විධි; [[ශ්‍රී ලංකා ඉතිහාසය]]-ප්‍රාග් ‌ඓතිහාසික යුගයන්, පෘතුගිසි, ලන්‌‌දේසි, ඉංග්‍රීසි යුගයන්; [[ශ්‍රී ලංකා කිතුනු ශාසන ඉතිහාසය]]-‌‌ප්‍රො‌තෙස්තන්ත සහ ක‌තෝලික ශාසන ඉතිහාසය, ත‌තෝලික සාහිත්‍ය, කිතුනු ගෘහ නිර්මාණ ශිල්පය; [[සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය සහ භාෂාව]]; [[භූ‌ගෝලය හා සිතියම් නිර්මාණය]] (වි‌ශේෂ‌යෙන් බයිබලීය භූ‌ගෝලය); ==වයිකිපිඩියා දායකත්වය== මා විසින් දැනට ආරම්භ ‌කොට සකසන ලද පිටු: ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ජනවර්ග- [[වැද්දන්]], [[රොඩී]], [[අහිකුණ්ඨක]], [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] 5582 2006-06-09T09:28:06Z Ravincaldera 100 /* පර්‌යේෂණ‌යේ ‌නියැ‌ලෙන ‌‌‌ක්‌‌‌ෂේත්‍රයන් */ ==ආයු‌බෝවන්!== රවින් කල්‌දේරා‌ගේ පිටුවට ඔබ සැම සාදර‌යෙන් පිළිගන්‌නෙමි෴ [[Image:ravin.jpg|thumb|left|130px| අධ්‍යයන‌යක ‌යෙදී සිටින විට...]] මා රවින් කල්‌දේරා. දැනට ‌කොළඹ ‌දේවධර්ම ශාස්ත්‍රාල‌යේ කථිකාචාර්යවරයකු වශ‌යෙන් කටයුතු කරමි. අප‌ගේ පර්‌යේෂණයන් සඳහා ‌බො‌හෝ විට ඉංග්‍රීසි වයිකිපිඩියාව භාවිතා කරන අතර, සිංහ‌ලෙන් කරන ලද ‌මෙම ‌කොටස හමු වූ‌යේ අහම්‌බෙනි. කෙ‌සේ ‌වෙතත්, ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ සාමාන්‍ය ජනතාව‌ගේ භාවිතය පිණිස වයිකිපිඩියා විශ්ව‌කෝෂය පුළුල් කිරී‌මේ ව්‍යාපෘතියට මා සතුටින් මා‌ගේ ශ්‍රමය දානය කරන්‌නෙමි. මා විසින් ‌මේ විශ්ව‌කෝෂය ‌වෙත ඉදිරිපත් කරන ලිපි ‌බො‌හෝ විට මා‌ගේ ‌පෞද්ගලික පර්‌යේෂණන්‌ගේ ප්‍රතිපලයන් ‌‌වේ. වි‌වේකය ලත් සෑම විටක දී ම ‌මෙහි අලුත් පිටුවක වැඩ ආරම්භ කිරීම මා‌ගේ ඉලක්කය යි෴ මා පර්‌යේෂණයේ සහ අධ්‍යන‌යේ නියැ‌ලෙන ශාස්ත්‍රාල‌යේ අන්තර්ජාල අඩවිය: http://www.cts.lk/cts/index.htm ==පර්‌යේෂණ‌යේ ‌නියැ‌ලෙන ‌‌‌ක්‌‌‌ෂේත්‍රයන්== සංස්කෘතික මානව විද්‍යාව-ජනවර්ග, සාම්ප්‍රදායික ගම්මාන, ජිවිතරටා හා අභිචාරවිධි; සාම්ප්‍රදායික කෘෂි පදනම් ග්‍රාමිය ජීවන රටාව සහ වැව් ආශ්‍රීත ග්‍රාම්‍ය ජීවන රටා; අන්තර්සංස්කෘතික සංනිවේදනය; කිතුදහම-බයිබලිය සාහිත්‍ය, බයිබලිය ඉතිහාසය, සම්භාව්‍ය ‌හෙ‌බ්‍රෙව් සහ ග්‍රීක් භාෂාවන්; බුදු දහම-ව්‍යවහාරික සහ නිය්‍යාත්මක බුදු දහම, ශ්‍රී ලංකා ‌බොදු ශාසන ඉතිහාසය, බොදුනු අභිචාර විධි; ශ්‍රී ලංකා ඉතිහාසය-ප්‍රාග් ‌ඓතිහාසික යුගයන්, පෘතුගිසි, ලන්‌‌දේසි, ඉංග්‍රීසි යුගයන්; ශ්‍රී ලංකා කිතුනු ශාසන ඉතිහාසය-‌‌ප්‍රො‌තෙස්තන්ත සහ ක‌තෝලික ශාසන ඉතිහාසය, ත‌තෝලික සාහිත්‍ය, කිතුනු ගෘහ නිර්මාණ ශිල්පය; සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය සහ භාෂාව; භූ‌ගෝලය හා සිතියම් නිර්මාණය (වි‌ශේෂ‌යෙන් බයිබලීය භූ‌ගෝලය); ==වයිකිපිඩියා දායකත්වය== මා විසින් දැනට ආරම්භ ‌කොට සකසන ලද පිටු: ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ජනවර්ග- [[වැද්දන්]], [[රොඩී]], [[අහිකුණ්ඨක]], [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]] 5604 2006-06-10T03:59:08Z Ravincaldera 100 ==ආයු‌බෝවන්!== රවින් කල්‌දේරා‌ගේ පිටුවට ඔබ සැම සාදර‌යෙන් පිළිගන්‌නෙමි෴ [[Image:ravin.jpg|thumb|left|130px| අධ්‍යයන‌යක ‌යෙදී සිටින විට...]] මා රවින් කල්‌දේරා. දැනට ‌කොළඹ ‌දේවධර්ම ශාස්ත්‍රාල‌යේ කථිකාචාර්යවරයකු වශ‌යෙන් කටයුතු කරමි. අප‌ගේ පර්‌යේෂණයන් සඳහා ‌බො‌හෝ විට ඉංග්‍රීසි වයිකිපිඩියාව භාවිතා කරන අතර, සිංහ‌ලෙන් කරන ලද ‌මෙම ‌කොටස හමු වූ‌යේ අහම්‌බෙනි. කෙ‌සේ ‌වෙතත්, ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ සාමාන්‍ය ජනතාව‌ගේ භාවිතය පිණිස වයිකිපිඩියා විශ්ව‌කෝෂය පුළුල් කිරී‌මේ ව්‍යාපෘතියට මා සතුටින් මා‌ගේ ශ්‍රමය දානය කරන්‌නෙමි. මා විසින් ‌මේ විශ්ව‌කෝෂය ‌වෙත ඉදිරිපත් කරන ලිපි ‌බො‌හෝ විට මා‌ගේ ‌පෞද්ගලික පර්‌යේෂණන්‌ගේ ප්‍රතිපලයන් ‌‌වේ. වි‌වේකය ලත් සෑම විටක දී ම ‌මෙහි අලුත් පිටුවක වැඩ ආරම්භ කිරීම මා‌ගේ ඉලක්කය යි෴ මා පර්‌යේෂණයේ සහ අධ්‍යන‌යේ නියැ‌ලෙන ශාස්ත්‍රාල‌යේ අන්තර්ජාල අඩවිය: http://www.cts.lk/cts/index.htm ==පර්‌යේෂණ‌යේ ‌නියැ‌ලෙන ‌‌‌ක්‌‌‌ෂේත්‍රයන්== සංස්කෘතික මානව විද්‍යාව-ජනවර්ග, සාම්ප්‍රදායික ගම්මාන, ජිවිතරටා හා අභිචාරවිධි; සාම්ප්‍රදායික කෘෂි පදනම් ග්‍රාමිය ජීවන රටාව සහ වැව් ආශ්‍රීත ග්‍රාම්‍ය ජීවන රටා; අන්තර්සංස්කෘතික සංනිවේදනය; කිතුදහම-බයිබලිය සාහිත්‍ය, බයිබලිය ඉතිහාසය, සම්භාව්‍ය ‌හෙ‌බ්‍රෙව් සහ ග්‍රීක් භාෂාවන්; බුදු දහම-ව්‍යවහාරික සහ නිය්‍යාත්මක බුදු දහම, ශ්‍රී ලංකා ‌බොදු ශාසන ඉතිහාසය, බොදුනු අභිචාර විධි; ශ්‍රී ලංකා ඉතිහාසය-ප්‍රාග් ‌ඓතිහාසික යුගයන්, පෘතුගිසි, ලන්‌‌දේසි, ඉංග්‍රීසි යුගයන්; ශ්‍රී ලංකා කිතුනු ශාසන ඉතිහාසය-‌‌ප්‍රො‌තෙස්තන්ත සහ ක‌තෝලික ශාසන ඉතිහාසය, ත‌තෝලික සාහිත්‍ය, කිතුනු ගෘහ නිර්මාණ ශිල්පය; සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය සහ භාෂාව; භූ‌ගෝලය හා සිතියම් නිර්මාණය (වි‌ශේෂ‌යෙන් බයිබලීය භූ‌ගෝලය); ==වයිකිපිඩියා දායකත්වය== මා විසින් දැනට ආරම්භ ‌කොට සකසන ලද පිටු: ===දැනට වැඩ අවසන් කළ පිටු=== ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ජනවර්ග- [[වැද්දන්]], ===දැනට සැක‌සෙමින් පවතින පිටු=== {| class="wikitable" |- !පිටුව!!සැකසී‌මේ අභිමතාර්ථය | [[රොඩී]]||‌රොඩි ජනතාව පිළිබඳ සම්බවය, ජිවනරටාව, විශ්වාස, සමාජ විද්‍යාත්මක විස්තර |- | [[අහිකුණ්ඨක]],||‌අහිකුණ්ඨකජනතාව පිළිබඳ සම්බවය, ජිවනරටාව, විශ්වාස, සමාජ විද්‍යාත්මක විස්තර |- | [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]]||ලංකා‌වේ ප්‍රාග්-ඓතිහාසික ජනතාව පිළිබද විසතර |- |} 5605 2006-06-10T04:00:32Z Ravincaldera 100 ==ආයු‌බෝවන්!== රවින් කල්‌දේරා‌ගේ පිටුවට ඔබ සැම සාදර‌යෙන් පිළිගන්‌නෙමි෴ [[Image:ravin.jpg|thumb|left|130px| අධ්‍යයන‌යක ‌යෙදී සිටින විට...]] මා රවින් කල්‌දේරා. දැනට ‌කොළඹ ‌දේවධර්ම ශාස්ත්‍රාල‌යේ කථිකාචාර්යවරයකු වශ‌යෙන් කටයුතු කරමි. අප‌ගේ පර්‌යේෂණයන් සඳහා ‌බො‌හෝ විට ඉංග්‍රීසි වයිකිපිඩියාව භාවිතා කරන අතර, සිංහ‌ලෙන් කරන ලද ‌මෙම ‌කොටස හමු වූ‌යේ අහම්‌බෙනි. කෙ‌සේ ‌වෙතත්, ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ සාමාන්‍ය ජනතාව‌ගේ භාවිතය පිණිස වයිකිපිඩියා විශ්ව‌කෝෂය පුළුල් කිරී‌මේ ව්‍යාපෘතියට මා සතුටින් මා‌ගේ ශ්‍රමය දානය කරන්‌නෙමි. මා විසින් ‌මේ විශ්ව‌කෝෂය ‌වෙත ඉදිරිපත් කරන ලිපි ‌බො‌හෝ විට මා‌ගේ ‌පෞද්ගලික පර්‌යේෂණන්‌ගේ ප්‍රතිපලයන් ‌‌වේ. වි‌වේකය ලත් සෑම විටක දී ම ‌මෙහි අලුත් පිටුවක වැඩ ආරම්භ කිරීම මා‌ගේ ඉලක්කය යි෴ මා පර්‌යේෂණයේ සහ අධ්‍යන‌යේ නියැ‌ලෙන ශාස්ත්‍රාල‌යේ අන්තර්ජාල අඩවිය: http://www.cts.lk/cts/index.htm ==පර්‌යේෂණ‌යේ ‌නියැ‌ලෙන ‌‌‌ක්‌‌‌ෂේත්‍රයන්== සංස්කෘතික මානව විද්‍යාව-ජනවර්ග, සාම්ප්‍රදායික ගම්මාන, ජිවිතරටා හා අභිචාරවිධි; සාම්ප්‍රදායික කෘෂි පදනම් ග්‍රාමිය ජීවන රටාව සහ වැව් ආශ්‍රීත ග්‍රාම්‍ය ජීවන රටා; අන්තර්සංස්කෘතික සංනිවේදනය; කිතුදහම-බයිබලිය සාහිත්‍ය, බයිබලිය ඉතිහාසය, සම්භාව්‍ය ‌හෙ‌බ්‍රෙව් සහ ග්‍රීක් භාෂාවන්; බුදු දහම-ව්‍යවහාරික සහ නිය්‍යාත්මක බුදු දහම, ශ්‍රී ලංකා ‌බොදු ශාසන ඉතිහාසය, බොදුනු අභිචාර විධි; ශ්‍රී ලංකා ඉතිහාසය-ප්‍රාග් ‌ඓතිහාසික යුගයන්, පෘතුගිසි, ලන්‌‌දේසි, ඉංග්‍රීසි යුගයන්; ශ්‍රී ලංකා කිතුනු ශාසන ඉතිහාසය-‌‌ප්‍රො‌තෙස්තන්ත සහ ක‌තෝලික ශාසන ඉතිහාසය, ත‌තෝලික සාහිත්‍ය, කිතුනු ගෘහ නිර්මාණ ශිල්පය; සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය සහ භාෂාව; භූ‌ගෝලය හා සිතියම් නිර්මාණය (වි‌ශේෂ‌යෙන් බයිබලීය භූ‌ගෝලය); ==වයිකිපිඩියා දායකත්වය== මා විසින් දැනට ආරම්භ ‌කොට සකසන ලද පිටු: ===දැනට වැඩ අවසන් කළ පිටු=== ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ජනවර්ග- [[වැද්දන්]], ===දැනට සැක‌සෙමින් පවතින පිටු=== {| class="wikitable" |- !පිටුව!!සැකසී‌මේ අභිමතාර්ථය |- | [[රොඩී]]||‌රොඩි ජනතාව පිළිබඳ සම්බවය, ජිවනරටාව, විශ්වාස, සමාජ විද්‍යාත්මක විස්තර |- | [[අහිකුණ්ඨක]],||‌අහිකුණ්ඨකජනතාව පිළිබඳ සම්බවය, ජිවනරටාව, විශ්වාස, සමාජ විද්‍යාත්මක විස්තර |- | [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]]||ලංකා‌වේ ප්‍රාග්-ඓතිහාසික ජනතාව පිළිබද විසතර |} 5606 2006-06-10T04:01:29Z Ravincaldera 100 /* වයිකිපිඩියා දායකත්වය */ ==ආයු‌බෝවන්!== රවින් කල්‌දේරා‌ගේ පිටුවට ඔබ සැම සාදර‌යෙන් පිළිගන්‌නෙමි෴ [[Image:ravin.jpg|thumb|left|130px| අධ්‍යයන‌යක ‌යෙදී සිටින විට...]] මා රවින් කල්‌දේරා. දැනට ‌කොළඹ ‌දේවධර්ම ශාස්ත්‍රාල‌යේ කථිකාචාර්යවරයකු වශ‌යෙන් කටයුතු කරමි. අප‌ගේ පර්‌යේෂණයන් සඳහා ‌බො‌හෝ විට ඉංග්‍රීසි වයිකිපිඩියාව භාවිතා කරන අතර, සිංහ‌ලෙන් කරන ලද ‌මෙම ‌කොටස හමු වූ‌යේ අහම්‌බෙනි. කෙ‌සේ ‌වෙතත්, ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ සාමාන්‍ය ජනතාව‌ගේ භාවිතය පිණිස වයිකිපිඩියා විශ්ව‌කෝෂය පුළුල් කිරී‌මේ ව්‍යාපෘතියට මා සතුටින් මා‌ගේ ශ්‍රමය දානය කරන්‌නෙමි. මා විසින් ‌මේ විශ්ව‌කෝෂය ‌වෙත ඉදිරිපත් කරන ලිපි ‌බො‌හෝ විට මා‌ගේ ‌පෞද්ගලික පර්‌යේෂණන්‌ගේ ප්‍රතිපලයන් ‌‌වේ. වි‌වේකය ලත් සෑම විටක දී ම ‌මෙහි අලුත් පිටුවක වැඩ ආරම්භ කිරීම මා‌ගේ ඉලක්කය යි෴ මා පර්‌යේෂණයේ සහ අධ්‍යන‌යේ නියැ‌ලෙන ශාස්ත්‍රාල‌යේ අන්තර්ජාල අඩවිය: http://www.cts.lk/cts/index.htm ==පර්‌යේෂණ‌යේ ‌නියැ‌ලෙන ‌‌‌ක්‌‌‌ෂේත්‍රයන්== සංස්කෘතික මානව විද්‍යාව-ජනවර්ග, සාම්ප්‍රදායික ගම්මාන, ජිවිතරටා හා අභිචාරවිධි; සාම්ප්‍රදායික කෘෂි පදනම් ග්‍රාමිය ජීවන රටාව සහ වැව් ආශ්‍රීත ග්‍රාම්‍ය ජීවන රටා; අන්තර්සංස්කෘතික සංනිවේදනය; කිතුදහම-බයිබලිය සාහිත්‍ය, බයිබලිය ඉතිහාසය, සම්භාව්‍ය ‌හෙ‌බ්‍රෙව් සහ ග්‍රීක් භාෂාවන්; බුදු දහම-ව්‍යවහාරික සහ නිය්‍යාත්මක බුදු දහම, ශ්‍රී ලංකා ‌බොදු ශාසන ඉතිහාසය, බොදුනු අභිචාර විධි; ශ්‍රී ලංකා ඉතිහාසය-ප්‍රාග් ‌ඓතිහාසික යුගයන්, පෘතුගිසි, ලන්‌‌දේසි, ඉංග්‍රීසි යුගයන්; ශ්‍රී ලංකා කිතුනු ශාසන ඉතිහාසය-‌‌ප්‍රො‌තෙස්තන්ත සහ ක‌තෝලික ශාසන ඉතිහාසය, ත‌තෝලික සාහිත්‍ය, කිතුනු ගෘහ නිර්මාණ ශිල්පය; සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය සහ භාෂාව; භූ‌ගෝලය හා සිතියම් නිර්මාණය (වි‌ශේෂ‌යෙන් බයිබලීය භූ‌ගෝලය); ==වයිකිපිඩියා දායකත්වය== මා විසින් දැනට ආරම්භ ‌කොට සකසන ලද පිටු: '''දැනට වැඩ අවසන් කළ පිටු''' ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ජනවර්ග- [[වැද්දන්]], '''දැනට සැක‌සෙමින් පවතින පිටු''' {| class="wikitable" |- !පිටුව!!සැකසී‌මේ අභිමතාර්ථය |- | [[රොඩී]]||‌රොඩි ජනතාව පිළිබඳ සම්බවය, ජිවනරටාව, විශ්වාස, සමාජ විද්‍යාත්මක විස්තර |- | [[අහිකුණ්ඨක]],||‌අහිකුණ්ඨකජනතාව පිළිබඳ සම්බවය, ජිවනරටාව, විශ්වාස, සමාජ විද්‍යාත්මක විස්තර |- | [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]]||ලංකා‌වේ ප්‍රාග්-ඓතිහාසික ජනතාව පිළිබද විසතර |} 5607 2006-06-10T04:04:26Z Ravincaldera 100 /* වයිකිපිඩියා දායකත්වය */ ==ආයු‌බෝවන්!== රවින් කල්‌දේරා‌ගේ පිටුවට ඔබ සැම සාදර‌යෙන් පිළිගන්‌නෙමි෴ [[Image:ravin.jpg|thumb|left|130px| අධ්‍යයන‌යක ‌යෙදී සිටින විට...]] මා රවින් කල්‌දේරා. දැනට ‌කොළඹ ‌දේවධර්ම ශාස්ත්‍රාල‌යේ කථිකාචාර්යවරයකු වශ‌යෙන් කටයුතු කරමි. අප‌ගේ පර්‌යේෂණයන් සඳහා ‌බො‌හෝ විට ඉංග්‍රීසි වයිකිපිඩියාව භාවිතා කරන අතර, සිංහ‌ලෙන් කරන ලද ‌මෙම ‌කොටස හමු වූ‌යේ අහම්‌බෙනි. කෙ‌සේ ‌වෙතත්, ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ සාමාන්‍ය ජනතාව‌ගේ භාවිතය පිණිස වයිකිපිඩියා විශ්ව‌කෝෂය පුළුල් කිරී‌මේ ව්‍යාපෘතියට මා සතුටින් මා‌ගේ ශ්‍රමය දානය කරන්‌නෙමි. මා විසින් ‌මේ විශ්ව‌කෝෂය ‌වෙත ඉදිරිපත් කරන ලිපි ‌බො‌හෝ විට මා‌ගේ ‌පෞද්ගලික පර්‌යේෂණන්‌ගේ ප්‍රතිපලයන් ‌‌වේ. වි‌වේකය ලත් සෑම විටක දී ම ‌මෙහි අලුත් පිටුවක වැඩ ආරම්භ කිරීම මා‌ගේ ඉලක්කය යි෴ මා පර්‌යේෂණයේ සහ අධ්‍යන‌යේ නියැ‌ලෙන ශාස්ත්‍රාල‌යේ අන්තර්ජාල අඩවිය: http://www.cts.lk/cts/index.htm ==පර්‌යේෂණ‌යේ ‌නියැ‌ලෙන ‌‌‌ක්‌‌‌ෂේත්‍රයන්== සංස්කෘතික මානව විද්‍යාව-ජනවර්ග, සාම්ප්‍රදායික ගම්මාන, ජිවිතරටා හා අභිචාරවිධි; සාම්ප්‍රදායික කෘෂි පදනම් ග්‍රාමිය ජීවන රටාව සහ වැව් ආශ්‍රීත ග්‍රාම්‍ය ජීවන රටා; අන්තර්සංස්කෘතික සංනිවේදනය; කිතුදහම-බයිබලිය සාහිත්‍ය, බයිබලිය ඉතිහාසය, සම්භාව්‍ය ‌හෙ‌බ්‍රෙව් සහ ග්‍රීක් භාෂාවන්; බුදු දහම-ව්‍යවහාරික සහ නිය්‍යාත්මක බුදු දහම, ශ්‍රී ලංකා ‌බොදු ශාසන ඉතිහාසය, බොදුනු අභිචාර විධි; ශ්‍රී ලංකා ඉතිහාසය-ප්‍රාග් ‌ඓතිහාසික යුගයන්, පෘතුගිසි, ලන්‌‌දේසි, ඉංග්‍රීසි යුගයන්; ශ්‍රී ලංකා කිතුනු ශාසන ඉතිහාසය-‌‌ප්‍රො‌තෙස්තන්ත සහ ක‌තෝලික ශාසන ඉතිහාසය, ත‌තෝලික සාහිත්‍ය, කිතුනු ගෘහ නිර්මාණ ශිල්පය; සිංහල සාහිත්‍ය සහ භාෂාව; භූ‌ගෝලය හා සිතියම් නිර්මාණය (වි‌ශේෂ‌යෙන් බයිබලීය භූ‌ගෝලය); ==වයිකිපිඩියා දායකත්වය== මා විසින් දැනට ආරම්භ ‌කොට සකසන ලද පිටු: '''දැනට වැඩ අවසන් කළ පිටු:''' ශ්‍රී ලංකා‌වේ ජනවර්ග- [[වැද්දන්]], '''දැනට සැක‌සෙමින් පවතින පිටු:''' {| class="wikitable" |- !පිටුව!!සැකසී‌මේ අභිමතාර්ථය |- | [[රොඩී]]||‌රොඩි ජනතාව පිළිබඳ සම්බවය, ජිවනරටාව, විශ්වාස, සමාජ විද්‍යාත්මක විස්තර |- | [[අහිකුණ්ඨක]],||‌අහිකුණ්ඨකජනතාව පිළිබඳ සම්බවය, ජිවනරටාව, විශ්වාස, සමාජ විද්‍යාත්මක විස්තර |- | [[බලං‌ගොඩ මානවයා]]||ලංකා‌වේ ප්‍රාග්-ඓතිහාසික ජනතාව පිළිබද විස්තර |- |[[වන්නියලෑත්තන්]]||වැදි බසින් වැදිජනප්‍රජාව පිළිබඳ දැක්‌වෙන ලිපියක් |} Image:Ravin.jpg 1942 5552 2006-06-08T14:23:28Z Ravincaldera 100 Image:Gathering honey.jpg 1943 5562 2006-06-09T04:34:44Z Ravincaldera 100 An adventure while gathering honey: Leap or Starve. The Graphic, November 26, 1887. An adventure while gathering honey: Leap or Starve. The Graphic, November 26, 1887. Image:Vaddas Family.jpg 1944 5571 2006-06-09T05:38:59Z Ravincaldera 100 වැදි පවුලක දරුදැරි‌යෝ වැදි පවුලක දරුදැරි‌යෝ Image:Vaddas meeting.jpg 1945 5579 2006-06-09T09:19:57Z Ravincaldera 100 Mr. Charles Stevens meets some Veddahs and conciliates them.The Graphic, November 26, 1887. Mr. Charles Stevens meets some Veddahs and conciliates them.The Graphic, November 26, 1887. Omis 1946 5593 2006-06-09T12:12:42Z 195.29.145.165 *[http://www.omisinfo.com Omis Travel Portal] Image:TJC.jpg 1947 5612 2006-06-11T00:06:07Z Jose77 94 Wikipedia 1948 5623 2006-06-13T11:50:02Z Lee 85 [[Wikipedia]] moved to [[විකිපීඩියා]] #REDIRECT [[විකිපීඩියා]] Talk:Wikipedia 1949 5625 2006-06-13T11:50:03Z Lee 85 [[Talk:Wikipedia]] moved to [[Talk:විකිපීඩියා]] #REDIRECT [[Talk:විකිපීඩියා]] වැද්දන් 1950 5628 2006-06-13T12:08:14Z Lee 85 [[වැද්දන්]] moved to [[වැදි ජනයා]]: Moving the article to the most suitable name #REDIRECT [[වැදි ජනයා]] Talk:වැද්දන් 1951 5630 2006-06-13T12:08:14Z Lee 85 [[Talk:වැද්දන්]] moved to [[Talk:වැදි ජනයා]]: Moving the article to the most suitable name #REDIRECT [[Talk:වැදි ජනයා]] රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව 1952 5639 2006-06-19T01:14:33Z Ruwan 82 රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව හෙවත්/හෝ කතෝලික සභාව, ලෝකයේ විශාලතම ක්‍රිස්තියානි සභාවයි. සභාවේ ලෝක ව්‍යාප්ත ලේඛණ වලට අනුව, 2004 වසර අග, ලිඛිත ප්‍රකාශක සාමජිකත්වය 1,098,366,000 ලෙස සභාවේ සංඛ්‍යාමය වාර්ෂික සංග්‍රහය (වාර්ෂිකය) තුළ පළවී තිබූ අතර, එම වසර තුළ ලෝක ජනගහණය 6,388,500,000 ලෙස එක්සත් ජාතින්ගේ සංවිධානය සඳහන් කර ඇත. එහෙයින් මෙය ලෝකයේ විශාලතම සංවිධානාත්මක අාගමික කණ්ඩායමය ලෙස සැලකිය හැක. මෙහි නායකත්වය රෝමයේ රදගුරු තුමා වන පාප් වහන්සේට දරන අතර, වර්තමානයේදී දරන්නේ XVIවන බෙනඩික්ට් ශුද්ධවූ පාප්තුමාටයි. 5640 2006-06-19T01:43:18Z Ruwan 82 රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව රෝමානු '''කතෝලික සභාව''' හෙවත්/හෝ '''කතෝලික සභාව''', ලෝකයේ විශාලතම [[කිතු දහම|ක්‍රිස්තියානි]] [[Ecclesia (සභාවයි)|සභාවයි]]. සභාවේ ලෝක ව්‍යාප්ත ලේඛණ වලට අනුව, 2004 වසර අග, ලිඛිත ප්‍රකාශක සාමජිකත්වය 1,098,366,000 ලෙස <ref>''සභාවේ සංඛ්‍යාමය වාර්ෂික සංග්‍රහය (වාර්ෂිකය)''(ISBN 88-209-7817-2)</ref> තුළ පළවී තිබූ අතර, එම වසර තුළ ලෝක ජනගහණය 6,388,500,000 ලෙස එක්සත් ජාතින්ගේ සංවිධානය සඳහන් කර ඇත. එහෙයින් මෙය ලෝකයේ විශාලතම සංවිධානාත්මක අාගමික කණ්ඩායමය ලෙස සැලකිය හැක. මෙහි නායකත්වය රෝමයේ රදගුරු තුමා වන [[පාප් වහන්සේ]]ට දරන අතර, වර්තමානයේදී දරන්නේ [[XVIවන බෙනඩික්]]ට් [[ශුද්ධවූ]] පාප්තුමාටයි. The Church defines itself as "the Catholic Church, which is governed by the successor of [[Saint Peter|Peter]]" — i.e. the Pope — "and the bishops in [[Communion (Christian)|communion]] with him."<ref>''[[Lumen Gentium]]'', 8[http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_en.html]</ref> It teaches that it is the [[One Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church|one, holy, catholic, and apostolic Church]] ("four marks of the Church") founded by [[Jesus Christ]] for the [[salvation]] of all people. 5641 2006-06-19T01:56:11Z Ruwan 82 රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව {{Portalpar|කිතු දහම|Cor-jesus.jpeg|35px}} {{කිතු දහම}} :''"කතෝලික සභාව" redirects here. For other uses of the term, see [[කතෝලික සභාව (disambiguation)]].'' රෝමානු '''කතෝලික සභාව''' හෙවත්/හෝ '''කතෝලික සභාව''', ලෝකයේ විශාලතම [[කිතු දහම|ක්‍රිස්තියානි]] [[Ecclesia (සභාවයි)|සභාවයි]]. සභාවේ ලෝක ව්‍යාප්ත ලේඛණ වලට අනුව, 2004 වසර අග, ලිඛිත ප්‍රකාශක සාමජිකත්වය 1,098,366,000 ලෙස <ref>''සභාවේ සංඛ්‍යාමය වාර්ෂික සංග්‍රහය (වාර්ෂිකය)''(ISBN 88-209-7817-2)</ref> තුළ පළවී තිබූ අතර, එම වසර තුළ ලෝක ජනගහණය 6,388,500,000 ලෙස එක්සත් ජාතින්ගේ සංවිධානය සඳහන් කර ඇත. එහෙයින් මෙය ලෝකයේ විශාලතම සංවිධානාත්මක අාගමික කණ්ඩායමය ලෙස සැලකිය හැක. මෙහි නායකත්වය රෝමයේ රදගුරු තුමා වන [[පාප් වහන්සේ]]ට දරන අතර, වර්තමානයේදී දරන්නේ [[XVIවන බෙනඩික්]]ට් [[ශුද්ධවූ]] පාප්තුමාටයි. The Church defines itself as "the Catholic Church, which is governed by the successor of [[Saint Peter|Peter]]" — i.e. the Pope — "and the bishops in [[Communion (Christian)|communion]] with him."<ref>''[[Lumen Gentium]]'', 8[http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_en.html]</ref> It teaches that it is the [[One Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church|one, holy, catholic, and apostolic Church]] ("four marks of the Church") founded by [[Jesus Christ]] for the [[salvation]] of all people. 5642 2006-06-19T02:36:02Z Ruwan 82 රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව  {{කිතු දහම}} :''"කතෝලික සභාව" redirects here. For other uses of the term, see [[කතෝලික සභාව (disambiguation)]].'' රෝමානු '''කතෝලික සභාව''' හෙවත්/හෝ '''කතෝලික සභාව''', ලෝකයේ විශාලතම [[කිතු දහම|ක්‍රිස්තියානි]] [[Ecclesia (සභාවයි)|සභාවයි]]. සභාවේ ලෝක ව්‍යාප්ත ලේඛණ වලට අනුව, 2004 වසර අග, ලිඛිත ප්‍රකාශක සාමජිකත්වය 1,098,366,000 ලෙස <ref>''සභාවේ සංඛ්‍යාමය වාර්ෂික සංග්‍රහය (වාර්ෂිකය)''(ISBN 88-209-7817-2)</ref> තුළ පළවී තිබූ අතර, එම වසර තුළ ලෝක ජනගහණය 6,388,500,000 ලෙස එක්සත් ජාතින්ගේ සංවිධානය සඳහන් කර ඇත. එහෙයින් මෙය ලෝකයේ විශාලතම සංවිධානාත්මක අාගමික කණ්ඩායමය ලෙස සැලකිය හැක. මෙහි නායකත්වය රෝමයේ රදගුරු තුමා වන [[පාප් වහන්සේ]]ට දරන අතර, වර්තමානයේදී දරන්නේ [[XVIවන බෙනඩික්]]ට් [[ශුද්ධවූ]] පාප්තුමාටයි. The Church defines itself as "the Catholic Church, which is governed by the successor of [[Saint Peter|Peter]]" — i.e. the Pope — "and the bishops in [[Communion (Christian)|communion]] with him."<ref>''[[Lumen Gentium]]'', 8[http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_en.html]</ref> සියලු මිනිසුන්ගේ ගැලවීම/[[විමුක්තිය]] උදෙසා [[ජේසුස් ක්‍රිස්තුස්]] වහන්සේ විසින් සංස්ථාපිත [[එකම ශුද්ධවූ කතෝලික හා අපෝස්තලික සභාව|එකම, ශුද්ධවූ, කතෝලික හා අපෝස්තලික සභාව]]("සභාවේ සතර සලකුණු"), තම සභාව ලෙස ශුද්ධවූ සභාව උගන්වයි. 5643 2006-06-19T03:06:34Z Ruwan 82 රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව  {{කිතු දහම}} :''"කතෝලික සභාව" redirects here. For other uses of the term, see [[කතෝලික සභාව (disambiguation)]].'' රෝමානු '''කතෝලික සභාව''' හෙවත්/හෝ '''කතෝලික සභාව''', ලෝකයේ විශාලතම [[කිතු දහම|ක්‍රිස්තියානි]] [[Ecclesia (සභාවයි)|සභාවයි]]. සභාවේ ලෝක ව්‍යාප්ත ලේඛණ වලට අනුව, 2004 වසර අග, ලිඛිත ප්‍රකාශක සාමජිකත්වය 1,098,366,000 ලෙස <ref>''සභාවේ සංඛ්‍යාමය වාර්ෂික සංග්‍රහය (වාර්ෂිකය)''(ISBN 88-209-7817-2)</ref> තුළ පළවී තිබූ අතර, එම වසර තුළ ලෝක ජනගහණය 6,388,500,000 ලෙස එක්සත් ජාතින්ගේ සංවිධානය සඳහන් කර ඇත. එහෙයින් මෙය ලෝකයේ විශාලතම සංවිධානාත්මක අාගමික කණ්ඩායමය ලෙස සැලකිය හැක. මෙහි නායකත්වය රෝමයේ රදගුරු තුමා වන [[පාප් වහන්සේ]]ට දරන අතර, වර්තමානයේදී දරන්නේ [[XVIවන බෙනඩික්]]ට් [[ශුද්ධවූ]] පාප්තුමාටයි. The Church defines itself as "the Catholic Church, which is governed by the successor of [[Saint Peter|Peter]]" — i.e. the Pope — "and the bishops in [[Communion (Christian)|communion]] with him."<ref>''[[Lumen Gentium]]'', 8[http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_en.html]</ref> සියලු මිනිසුන්ගේ ගැලවීම/[[විමුක්තිය]] උදෙසා [[ජේසුස් ක්‍රිස්තුස්]] වහන්සේ විසින් සංස්ථාපිත [[එකම ශුද්ධවූ කතෝලික හා අපෝස්තලික සභාව|එකම, ශුද්ධවූ, කතෝලික හා අපෝස්තලික සභාව]]("සභාවේ සතර සලකුණු"), තම සභාව ලෙස ශුද්ධවූ සභාව උගන්වයි. ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== *[http://www.vatican.va/ The Holy See — වතිකානු නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.archdioceseofcolombo.com/ කොළඹ අගරදගුරු පදවිය — කොළඹ අගරදගුරු පදවියේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.legion-of-mary.ie/ මරිය හමුදාව — මරිය හමුදා ජාත්‍යන්තර මධ්‍යස්ථානයේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.kithudanapubuduwa.net/ කිතුදන පුබුදුව — කිතුදන පුබුදුවේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] 5645 2006-06-20T05:52:34Z Ruwan 82 රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව  {{කිතු දහම}} :''"කතෝලික සභාව" redirects here. For other uses of the term, see [[කතෝලික සභාව (disambiguation)]].'' රෝමානු '''කතෝලික සභාව''' හෙවත්/හෝ '''කතෝලික සභාව''', ලෝකයේ විශාලතම [[කිතු දහම|ක්‍රිස්තියානි]] [[Ecclesia (සභාවයි)|සභාවයි]]. සභාවේ ලෝක ව්‍යාප්ත ලේඛණ වලට අනුව, 2004 වසර අග, ලිඛිත ප්‍රකාශක සාමජිකත්වය 1,098,366,000 ලෙස <ref>''සභාවේ සංඛ්‍යාමය වාර්ෂික සංග්‍රහය (වාර්ෂිකය)''(ISBN 88-209-7817-2)</ref> තුළ පළවී තිබූ අතර, එම වසර තුළ ලෝක ජනගහණය 6,388,500,000 ලෙස එක්සත් ජාතින්ගේ සංවිධානය සඳහන් කර ඇත. එහෙයින් මෙය ලෝකයේ විශාලතම සංවිධානාත්මක අාගමික කණ්ඩායමය ලෙස සැලකිය හැක. මෙහි නායකත්වය රෝමයේ රදගුරු තුමා වන [[පාප් වහන්සේ]]ට දරන අතර, වර්තමානයේදී දරන්නේ [[XVIවන බෙනඩික්]]ට් [[ශුද්ධවූ]] පාප්තුමාටයි. The Church defines itself as "the Catholic Church, which is governed by the successor of [[Saint Peter|Peter]]" — i.e. the Pope — "and the bishops in [[Communion (Christian)|communion]] with him."<ref>''[[Lumen Gentium]]'', 8[http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_en.html]</ref> සියලු මිනිසුන්ගේ ගැලවීම/[[විමුක්තිය]] උදෙසා [[ජේසුස් ක්‍රිස්තුස්]] වහන්සේ විසින් සංස්ථාපිත [[එකම ශුද්ධවූ කතෝලික හා අපෝස්තලික සභාව|එකම, ශුද්ධවූ, කතෝලික හා අපෝස්තලික සභාව]]("සභාවේ සතර සලකුණු"), තම සභාව ලෙස ශුද්ධවූ සභාව උගන්වයි. ==පාරිභාෂිතය== [[Image:San Pietro Basilica.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[වතිකානු නගරය|වතිකානු]]ේ [[ශුද්ධවූ පේදුරුතුමාගේ බැසිලිකාව]] ඉදිරිපිට ඇති[[දොළොස් අපෝස්තල්වරු]]න්ගේ නායකයා වූ [[ශුද්ධවු පේදුරු තුමා]]ගේ ප්‍රතිමාව . කතෝලික ජනතාව [[පාප්තුම]]ාව සලකන්නේ අපෝස්තලතුමාගෙන් පසුව පදවිය ලැබූ තැනැත්තා ලෙසයි.]] ''කතෝලික'' (catholic) යන පදය පැවත එන්නේ [[ග්‍රීක භාෂාවේ|ග්‍රීක]] ''καθολικός'' විශේෂණයෙන් වන අතර, එහි අර්ථය වන ''විශ්ව'' (universal); තම නම සඳහා මෙම වචනය භාවිතා කරන කිතු සභා, ක්‍රිස්තුස් වහන්සේ විසින් සංස්ථාපිත එකම විශ්ව සභාවව වීමේ හිමිකම හැඟවීමටද භාවිතා කරති. ''කතෝලික සභාව'' යන පදයේ භාවිතය ඇරඹුණු, 2වන සියවස සිට කතෝලික සභාව, අනිකා අතර consistently මෙම නමින් තම සභාව අාමන්ත්‍රනය කළේය. වෙනත් කිතුණු සභා සමඟ ලේඛණ ඉදිරිපත් කරන අවස්ථා වලදි තම සභාව සුවිශේෂව ''කතෝලික සභාව'' ලෙස හෝ - එම සභා අතුරින් එක් පාර්ශවයක් මෙම නාමය භාවිතා කිරීමට විරුද්ධය පෙන්වූ විටක දී, සභාව ''රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව'' ලෙසත් තම සභාව නාමිකව හඳුන්වා දෙයි. For reasons of simplicity and clarity, the term ''Catholic Church'' is freely used within this article without suggesting acceptance of any claims thought to be implicit in that term, while ''Roman Catholic Church'' is used without endorsing the view that the Church in question is merely part of some larger ''Catholic Church''. Both terms are treated within this article simply as alternative names for the entire Church "which is governed by the successor of Peter and by the bishops in communion with him." :::''"කතෝලික" සහ "කතෝලික සභාව" යන පදයන්හි වෙනත් භාවිතයන් සඳහන් [[කතෝලික]] හා [[කතෝලික ධර්මය]] යන ලිපි බලන්න.'' ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== *[http://www.vatican.va/ The Holy See — වතිකානු නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.archdioceseofcolombo.com/ කොළඹ අගරදගුරු පදවිය — කොළඹ අගරදගුරු පදවියේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.legion-of-mary.ie/ මරිය හමුදාව — මරිය හමුදා ජාත්‍යන්තර මධ්‍යස්ථානයේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.kithudanapubuduwa.net/ කිතුදන පුබුදුව — කිතුදන පුබුදුවේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] 5649 2006-06-21T01:46:14Z Ruwan 82 රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව  {{කිතු දහම}} :''"කතෝලික සභාව" redirects here. For other uses of the term, see [[කතෝලික සභාව (disambiguation)]].'' රෝමානු '''කතෝලික සභාව''' හෙවත්/හෝ '''කතෝලික සභාව''', ලෝකයේ විශාලතම [[කිතු දහම|ක්‍රිස්තියානි]] [[Ecclesia (සභාවයි)|සභාවයි]]. සභාවේ ලෝක ව්‍යාප්ත ලේඛණ වලට අනුව, 2004 වසර අග, ලිඛිත ප්‍රකාශක සාමජිකත්වය 1,098,366,000 ලෙස <ref>''සභාවේ සංඛ්‍යාමය වාර්ෂික සංග්‍රහය (වාර්ෂිකය)''(ISBN 88-209-7817-2)</ref> තුළ පළවී තිබූ අතර, එම වසර තුළ ලෝක ජනගහණය 6,388,500,000 ලෙස එක්සත් ජාතින්ගේ සංවිධානය සඳහන් කර ඇත. එහෙයින් මෙය ලෝකයේ විශාලතම සංවිධානාත්මක අාගමික කණ්ඩායමය ලෙස සැලකිය හැක. මෙහි නායකත්වය රෝමයේ රදගුරු තුමා වන [[පාප් වහන්සේ]]ට දරන අතර, වර්තමානයේදී දරන්නේ [[XVIවන බෙනඩික්]]ට් [[ශුද්ධවූ]] පාප්තුමාටයි. The Church defines itself as "the Catholic Church, which is governed by the successor of [[Saint Peter|Peter]]" — i.e. the Pope — "and the bishops in [[Communion (Christian)|communion]] with him."<ref>''[[Lumen Gentium]]'', 8[http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_en.html]</ref> සියලු මිනිසුන්ගේ ගැලවීම/[[විමුක්තිය]] උදෙසා [[ජේසුස් ක්‍රිස්තුස්]] වහන්සේ විසින් සංස්ථාපිත [[එකම ශුද්ධවූ කතෝලික හා අපෝස්තලික සභාව|එකම, ශුද්ධවූ, කතෝලික හා අපෝස්තලික සභාව]]("සභාවේ සතර සලකුණු"), තම සභාව ලෙස ශුද්ධවූ සභාව උගන්වයි. ==පාරිභාෂිතය== [[Image:San Pietro Basilica.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[වතිකානු නගරය|වතිකානු]]ේ [[ශුද්ධවූ පේදුරුතුමාගේ බැසිලිකාව]] ඉදිරිපිට ඇති[[දොළොස් අපෝස්තල්වරු]]න්ගේ නායකයා වූ [[ශුද්ධවු පේදුරු තුමා]]ගේ ප්‍රතිමාව . කතෝලික ජනතාව [[පාප්තුම]]ාව සලකන්නේ අපෝස්තලතුමාගෙන් පසුව පදවිය ලැබූ තැනැත්තා ලෙසයි.]] ''කතෝලික'' (catholic) යන පදය පැවත එන්නේ [[ග්‍රීක භාෂාවේ|ග්‍රීක]] ''καθολικός'' විශේෂණයෙන් වන අතර, එහි අර්ථය වන ''විශ්ව'' (universal); තම නම සඳහා මෙම වචනය භාවිතා කරන කිතු සභා, ක්‍රිස්තුස් වහන්සේ විසින් සංස්ථාපිත එකම විශ්ව සභාවව වීමේ හිමිකම හැඟවීමටද භාවිතා කරති. ''කතෝලික සභාව'' යන පදයේ භාවිතය ඇරඹුණු, 2වන සියවස සිට කතෝලික සභාව, අනිකා අතර consistently මෙම නමින් තම සභාව අාමන්ත්‍රනය කළේය. වෙනත් කිතුණු සභා සමඟ ලේඛණ ඉදිරිපත් කරන අවස්ථා වලදි තම සභාව සුවිශේෂව ''කතෝලික සභාව'' ලෙස හෝ - එම සභා අතුරින් එක් පාර්ශවයක් මෙම නාමය භාවිතා කිරීමට විරුද්ධය පෙන්වූ විටක දී, සභාව ''රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව'' ලෙසත් තම සභාව නාමිකව හඳුන්වා දෙයි. For reasons of simplicity and clarity, the term ''Catholic Church'' is freely used within this article without suggesting acceptance of any claims thought to be implicit in that term, while ''Roman Catholic Church'' is used without endorsing the view that the Church in question is merely part of some larger ''Catholic Church''. Both terms are treated within this article simply as alternative names for the entire Church "which is governed by the successor of Peter and by the bishops in communion with him." :::''"කතෝලික" සහ "කතෝලික සභාව" යන පදයන්හි වෙනත් භාවිතයන් සඳහන් [[කතෝලික]] හා [[කතෝලික ධර්මය]] යන ලිපි බලන්න.'' ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== *[http://www.vatican.va/ The Holy See — වතිකානු නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.archdioceseofcolombo.com/ කොළඹ අගරදගුරු පදවිය — කොළඹ අගරදගුරු පදවියේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.legion-of-mary.ie/ මරිය හමුදාව — මරිය හමුදා ජාත්‍යන්තර මධ්‍යස්ථානයේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.kithudanapubuduwa.net/ කිතුදන පුබුදුව — කිතුදන පුබුදුවේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] [[Category:ක්‍රිස්තියානි නිකායන්]] [[Category:කිතු දහම]] [[Category:රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව|*]] {{Link FA|la}} [[af:Rooms-Katolieke Kerk]] [[ar:كاثوليكية]] [[frp:Égllése catolica romana]] [[ast:Ilesia Católica]] [[bs:Rimokatolička crkva]] [[br:Iliz katolik roman]] [[bg:Католичество]] [[ca:Església Catòlica Romana]] [[cs:Katolictví]] [[cy:Eglwys Gatholig Rufeinig]] [[da:Den romersk-katolske kirke]] [[pdc:Gedollisch]] [[de:Römisch-Katholische Kirche]] [[et:Katoliku kirik]] [[es:Iglesia Católica]] [[fr:Église catholique romaine]] [[gl:Igrexa Católica Romana]] [[ko:가톨릭]] [[id:Gereja Katholik Roma]] [[it:Chiesa cattolica]] [[he:הכנסייה הקתולית]] [[ka:?????????? ???????]] [[kw:Eglos Katholik Romanek]] [[la:Ecclesia Catholica]] [[li:Roems-Kattelieke Kèrk]] [[hu:Római Katolikus Egyház]] [[ms:Gereja Roman Katolik]] [[nl:Rooms-Katholieke kerk]] [[ja:カトリック教会]] [[no:Den romersk-katolske kirke]] [[nrm:Égllise catholique]] [[ug:كاتولىك دىندارى]] [[nds:Röömsch-kathoolsche Kark]] [[pl:Kościół katolicki]] [[pt:Igreja Católica Romana]] [[ro:Romano-Catolicism]] [[ru:Римско-католическая Церковь]] [[scn:Chiesa Cattòlica Rumana]] [[simple:Roman Catholicism]] [[sl:Rimskokatoliška cerkev]] [[fi:Roomalais-katolinen kirkko]] [[sv:Romersk-katolska kyrkan]] [[tl:Simbahang Katoliko Romano]] [[vi:Giáo hội Công giáo Rôma]] [[tpi:Katolik]] [[zh:天主教]] 5654 2006-06-21T05:49:58Z Ruwan 82 රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව  {{කිතු දහම}} :''"කතෝලික සභාව" redirects here. For other uses of the term, see [[කතෝලික සභාව (disambiguation)]].'' රෝමානු '''කතෝලික සභාව''' හෙවත්/හෝ '''කතෝලික සභාව''', ලෝකයේ විශාලතම [[කිතු දහම|ක්‍රිස්තියානි]] [[Ecclesia (සභාවයි)|සභාවයි]]. සභාවේ ලෝක ව්‍යාප්ත ලේඛණ වලට අනුව, 2004 වසර අග, ලිඛිත ප්‍රකාශක සාමජිකත්වය 1,098,366,000 ලෙස <ref>''සභාවේ සංඛ්‍යාමය වාර්ෂික සංග්‍රහය (වාර්ෂිකය)''(ISBN 88-209-7817-2)</ref> තුළ පළවී තිබූ අතර, එම වසර තුළ ලෝක ජනගහණය 6,388,500,000 ලෙස එක්සත් ජාතින්ගේ සංවිධානය සඳහන් කර ඇත. එහෙයින් මෙය ලෝකයේ විශාලතම සංවිධානාත්මක අාගමික කණ්ඩායමය ලෙස සැලකිය හැක. මෙහි නායකත්වය රෝමයේ රදගුරු තුමා වන [[පාප් වහන්සේ]]ට දරන අතර, වර්තමානයේදී දරන්නේ [[XVIවන බෙනඩික්]]ට් [[ශුද්ධවූ]] පාප්තුමාටයි. The Church defines itself as "the Catholic Church, which is governed by the successor of [[Saint Peter|Peter]]" — i.e. the Pope — "and the bishops in [[Communion (Christian)|communion]] with him."<ref>''[[Lumen Gentium]]'', 8[http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_en.html]</ref> සියලු මිනිසුන්ගේ ගැලවීම/[[විමුක්තිය]] උදෙසා [[ජේසුස් ක්‍රිස්තුස්]] වහන්සේ විසින් සංස්ථාපිත [[එකම ශුද්ධවූ කතෝලික හා අපෝස්තලික සභාව|එකම, ශුද්ධවූ, කතෝලික හා අපෝස්තලික සභාව]]("සභාවේ සතර සලකුණු"), තම සභාව ලෙස ශුද්ධවූ සභාව උගන්වයි. ==පාරිභාෂිතය== [[Image:San Pietro Basilica.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[වතිකානු නගරය|වතිකානු]]ේ [[ශුද්ධවූ පේදුරුතුමාගේ බැසිලිකාව]] ඉදිරිපිට ඇති[[දොළොස් අපෝස්තල්වරු]]න්ගේ නායකයා වූ [[ශුද්ධවු පේදුරු තුමා]]ගේ ප්‍රතිමාව . කතෝලික ජනතාව [[පාප්තුම]]ාව සලකන්නේ අපෝස්තලතුමාගෙන් පසුව පදවිය ලැබූ තැනැත්තා ලෙසයි.]] ''කතෝලික'' (catholic) යන පදය පැවත එන්නේ [[ග්‍රීක භාෂාවේ|ග්‍රීක]] ''καθολικός'' විශේෂණයෙන් වන අතර, එහි අර්ථය වන ''විශ්ව'' (universal); තම නම සඳහා මෙම වචනය භාවිතා කරන කිතු සභා, ක්‍රිස්තුස් වහන්සේ විසින් සංස්ථාපිත එකම විශ්ව සභාවව වීමේ හිමිකම හැඟවීමටද භාවිතා කරති. ''කතෝලික සභාව'' යන පදයේ භාවිතය ඇරඹුණු, 2වන සියවස සිට කතෝලික සභාව, අනිකා අතර consistently මෙම නමින් තම සභාව අාමන්ත්‍රනය කළේය. වෙනත් කිතුණු සභා සමඟ ලේඛණ ඉදිරිපත් කරන අවස්ථා වලදි තම සභාව සුවිශේෂව ''කතෝලික සභාව'' ලෙස හෝ - එම සභා අතුරින් එක් පාර්ශවයක් මෙම නාමය භාවිතා කිරීමට විරුද්ධය පෙන්වූ විටක දී, සභාව ''රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව'' ලෙසත් තම සභාව නාමිකව හඳුන්වා දෙයි. For reasons of simplicity and clarity, the term ''Catholic Church'' is freely used within this article without suggesting acceptance of any claims thought to be implicit in that term, while ''Roman Catholic Church'' is used without endorsing the view that the Church in question is merely part of some larger ''Catholic Church''. Both terms are treated within this article simply as alternative names for the entire Church "which is governed by the successor of Peter and by the bishops in communion with him." :::''"කතෝලික" සහ "කතෝලික සභාව" යන පදයන්හි වෙනත් භාවිතයන් සඳහන් [[කතෝලික]] හා [[කතෝලික ධර්මය]] යන ලිපි බලන්න.'' ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== *[http://www.vatican.va/ The Holy See — වතිකානු නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.archdioceseofcolombo.com/ කොළඹ අගරදගුරු පදවිය — කොළඹ අගරදගුරු පදවියේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.legion-of-mary.ie/ මරිය හමුදාව — මරිය හමුදා ජාත්‍යන්තර මධ්‍යස්ථානයේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.kithudanapubuduwa.net/ කිතුදන පුබුදුව — කිතුදන පුබුදුවේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] [[Category:ක්‍රිස්තියානි නාමික]] [[Category:කිතු දහම]] [[Category:රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව|*]] {{Link FA|la}} [[af:Rooms-Katolieke Kerk]] [[ar:كاثوليكية]] [[frp:Égllése catolica romana]] [[ast:Ilesia Católica]] [[bs:Rimokatolička crkva]] [[br:Iliz katolik roman]] [[bg:Католичество]] [[ca:Església Catòlica Romana]] [[cs:Katolictví]] [[cy:Eglwys Gatholig Rufeinig]] [[da:Den romersk-katolske kirke]] [[pdc:Gedollisch]] [[de:Römisch-Katholische Kirche]] [[et:Katoliku kirik]] [[es:Iglesia Católica]] [[fr:Église catholique romaine]] [[gl:Igrexa Católica Romana]] [[ko:가톨릭]] [[id:Gereja Katholik Roma]] [[it:Chiesa cattolica]] [[he:הכנסייה הקתולית]] [[ka:?????????? ???????]] [[kw:Eglos Katholik Romanek]] [[la:Ecclesia Catholica]] [[li:Roems-Kattelieke Kèrk]] [[hu:Római Katolikus Egyház]] [[ms:Gereja Roman Katolik]] [[nl:Rooms-Katholieke kerk]] [[ja:カトリック教会]] [[no:Den romersk-katolske kirke]] [[nrm:Égllise catholique]] [[ug:كاتولىك دىندارى]] [[nds:Röömsch-kathoolsche Kark]] [[pl:Kościół katolicki]] [[pt:Igreja Católica Romana]] [[ro:Romano-Catolicism]] [[ru:Римско-католическая Церковь]] [[scn:Chiesa Cattòlica Rumana]] [[simple:Roman Catholicism]] [[sl:Rimskokatoliška cerkev]] [[fi:Roomalais-katolinen kirkko]] [[sv:Romersk-katolska kyrkan]] [[tl:Simbahang Katoliko Romano]] [[vi:Giáo hội Công giáo Rôma]] [[tpi:Katolik]] [[zh:天主教]] 5655 2006-06-21T05:56:59Z Ruwan 82 රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව  {{කිතු දහම}} :''"කතෝලික සභාව" redirects here. For other uses of the term, see [[කතෝලික සභාව (disambiguation)]].'' රෝමානු '''කතෝලික සභාව''' හෙවත්/හෝ '''කතෝලික සභාව''', ලෝකයේ විශාලතම [[කිතු දහම|ක්‍රිස්තියානි]] [[Ecclesia (සභාවයි)|සභාවයි]]. සභාවේ ලෝක ව්‍යාප්ත ලේඛණ වලට අනුව, 2004 වසර අග, ලිඛිත ප්‍රකාශක සාමජිකත්වය 1,098,366,000 ලෙස <ref>''සභාවේ සංඛ්‍යාමය වාර්ෂික සංග්‍රහය (වාර්ෂිකය)''(ISBN 88-209-7817-2)</ref> තුළ පළවී තිබූ අතර, එම වසර තුළ ලෝක ජනගහණය 6,388,500,000 ලෙස එක්සත් ජාතින්ගේ සංවිධානය සඳහන් කර ඇත. එහෙයින් මෙය ලෝකයේ විශාලතම සංවිධානාත්මක අාගමික කණ්ඩායමය ලෙස සැලකිය හැක. මෙහි නායකත්වය රෝමයේ රදගුරු තුමා වන [[පාප් වහන්සේ]]ට දරන අතර, වර්තමානයේදී දරන්නේ [[XVIවන බෙනඩික්]]ට් [[ශුද්ධවූ]] පාප්තුමාටයි. The Church defines itself as "the Catholic Church, which is governed by the successor of [[Saint Peter|Peter]]" — i.e. the Pope — "and the bishops in [[Communion (Christian)|communion]] with him."<ref>''[[Lumen Gentium]]'', 8[http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_en.html]</ref> සියලු මිනිසුන්ගේ ගැලවීම/[[විමුක්තිය]] උදෙසා [[ජේසුස් ක්‍රිස්තුස්]] වහන්සේ විසින් සංස්ථාපිත [[එකම ශුද්ධවූ කතෝලික හා අපෝස්තලික සභාව|එකම, ශුද්ධවූ, කතෝලික හා අපෝස්තලික සභාව]]("සභාවේ සතර සලකුණු"), තම සභාව ලෙස ශුද්ධවූ සභාව උගන්වයි. ==පාරිභාෂිතය== [[Image:San Pietro Basilica.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[වතිකානු නගරය|වතිකානු]]ේ [[ශුද්ධවූ පේදුරුතුමාගේ බැසිලිකාව]] ඉදිරිපිට ඇති[[දොළොස් අපෝස්තල්වරු]]න්ගේ නායකයා වූ [[ශුද්ධවු පේදුරු තුමා]]ගේ ප්‍රතිමාව . කතෝලික ජනතාව [[පාප්තුම]]ාව සලකන්නේ අපෝස්තලතුමාගෙන් පසුව පදවිය ලැබූ තැනැත්තා ලෙසයි.]] ''කතෝලික'' (catholic) යන පදය පැවත එන්නේ [[ග්‍රීක භාෂාවේ|ග්‍රීක]] ''καθολικός'' විශේෂණයෙන් වන අතර, එහි අර්ථය වන ''විශ්ව'' (universal); තම නම සඳහා මෙම වචනය භාවිතා කරන කිතු සභා, ක්‍රිස්තුස් වහන්සේ විසින් සංස්ථාපිත එකම විශ්ව සභාවව වීමේ හිමිකම හැඟවීමටද භාවිතා කරති. ''කතෝලික සභාව'' යන පදයේ භාවිතය ඇරඹුණු, 2වන සියවස සිට කතෝලික සභාව, අනිකා අතර consistently මෙම නමින් තම සභාව අාමන්ත්‍රනය කළේය. වෙනත් කිතුණු සභා සමඟ ලේඛණ ඉදිරිපත් කරන අවස්ථා වලදි තම සභාව සුවිශේෂව ''කතෝලික සභාව'' ලෙස හෝ - එම සභා අතුරින් එක් පාර්ශවයක් මෙම නාමය භාවිතා කිරීමට විරුද්ධය පෙන්වූ විටක දී, සභාව ''රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව'' ලෙසත් තම සභාව නාමිකව හඳුන්වා දෙයි. For reasons of simplicity and clarity, the term ''Catholic Church'' is freely used within this article without suggesting acceptance of any claims thought to be implicit in that term, while ''Roman Catholic Church'' is used without endorsing the view that the Church in question is merely part of some larger ''Catholic Church''. Both terms are treated within this article simply as alternative names for the entire Church "which is governed by the successor of Peter and by the bishops in communion with him." :::''"කතෝලික" සහ "කතෝලික සභාව" යන පදයන්හි වෙනත් භාවිතයන් සඳහන් [[කතෝලික]] හා [[කතෝලික ධර්මය]] යන ලිපි බලන්න.'' ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== *[http://www.vatican.va/ The Holy See — වතිකානු නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.archdioceseofcolombo.com/ කොළඹ අගරදගුරු පදවිය — කොළඹ අගරදගුරු පදවියේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.legion-of-mary.ie/ මරිය හමුදාව — මරිය හමුදා ජාත්‍යන්තර මධ්‍යස්ථානයේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.kithudanapubuduwa.net/ කිතුදන පුබුදුව — කිතුදන පුබුදුවේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] [[Category:කිතු දහම]] [[Category:ක්‍රිස්තියානි වර්ග]] [[Category:රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව|*]] {{Link FA|la}} [[af:Rooms-Katolieke Kerk]] [[ar:كاثوليكية]] [[frp:Égllése catolica romana]] [[ast:Ilesia Católica]] [[bs:Rimokatolička crkva]] [[br:Iliz katolik roman]] [[bg:Католичество]] [[ca:Església Catòlica Romana]] [[cs:Katolictví]] [[cy:Eglwys Gatholig Rufeinig]] [[da:Den romersk-katolske kirke]] [[pdc:Gedollisch]] [[de:Römisch-Katholische Kirche]] [[en:Roman Catholic Church]] [[et:Katoliku kirik]] [[es:Iglesia Católica]] [[fr:Église catholique romaine]] [[gl:Igrexa Católica Romana]] [[ko:가톨릭]] [[id:Gereja Katholik Roma]] [[it:Chiesa cattolica]] [[he:הכנסייה הקתולית]] [[ka:?????????? ???????]] [[kw:Eglos Katholik Romanek]] [[la:Ecclesia Catholica]] [[li:Roems-Kattelieke Kèrk]] [[hu:Római Katolikus Egyház]] [[ms:Gereja Roman Katolik]] [[nl:Rooms-Katholieke kerk]] [[ja:カトリック教会]] [[no:Den romersk-katolske kirke]] [[nrm:Égllise catholique]] [[ug:كاتولىك دىندارى]] [[nds:Röömsch-kathoolsche Kark]] [[pl:Kościół katolicki]] [[pt:Igreja Católica Romana]] [[ro:Romano-Catolicism]] [[ru:Римско-католическая Церковь]] [[scn:Chiesa Cattòlica Rumana]] [[simple:Roman Catholicism]] [[sl:Rimskokatoliška cerkev]] [[fi:Roomalais-katolinen kirkko]] [[sv:Romersk-katolska kyrkan]] [[tl:Simbahang Katoliko Romano]] [[vi:Giáo hội Công giáo Rôma]] [[tpi:Katolik]] [[zh:天主教]] 5671 2006-06-24T02:22:48Z Ruwan 82 රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව  {{කිතු දහම}} :''"කතෝලික සභාව" redirects here. For other uses of the term, see [[කතෝලික සභාව (disambiguation)]].''  රෝමානු '''කතෝලික සභාව''' හෙවත්/හෝ '''කතෝලික සභාව''', ලෝකයේ විශාලතම [[කිතු දහම|ක්‍රිස්තියානි]] [[Ecclesia (සභාවයි)|සභාවයි]]. සභාවේ ලෝක ව්‍යාප්ත ලේඛණ වලට අනුව, 2004 වසර අග, ලිඛිත ප්‍රකාශක සාමජිකත්වය 1,098,366,000 ලෙස <ref>''සභාවේ සංඛ්‍යාමය වාර්ෂික සංග්‍රහය (වාර්ෂිකය)''(ISBN 88-209-7817-2)</ref> තුළ පළවී තිබූ අතර, එම වසර තුළ ලෝක ජනගහණය 6,388,500,000 ලෙස එක්සත් ජාතින්ගේ සංවිධානය සඳහන් කර ඇත. එහෙයින් මෙය ලෝකයේ විශාලතම සංවිධානාත්මක අාගමික කණ්ඩායමය ලෙස සැලකිය හැක. මෙහි නායකත්වය රෝමයේ රදගුරු තුමා වන [[පාප් වහන්සේ]]ට දරන අතර, වර්තමානයේදී දරන්නේ [[XVIවන බෙනඩික්]]ට් [[ශුද්ධවූ]] පාප්තුමාටයි. The Church defines itself as "the Catholic Church, which is governed by the successor of [[Saint Peter|Peter]]" — i.e. the Pope — "and the bishops in [[Communion (Christian)|communion]] with him."<ref>''[[Lumen Gentium]]'', 8[http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_en.html]</ref> සියලු මිනිසුන්ගේ ගැලවීම/[[විමුක්තිය]] උදෙසා [[ජේසුස් ක්‍රිස්තුස්]] වහන්සේ විසින් සංස්ථාපිත [[එකම ශුද්ධවූ කතෝලික හා අපෝස්තලික සභාව|එකම, ශුද්ධවූ, කතෝලික හා අපෝස්තලික සභාව]]("සභාවේ සතර සලකුණු"), තම සභාව ලෙස ශුද්ධවූ සභාව උගන්වයි.  ==පාරිභාෂිතය==  [[Image:San Pietro Basilica.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[වතිකානු නගරය|වතිකානු]]ේ [[ශුද්ධවූ පේදුරුතුමාගේ බැසිලිකාව]] ඉදිරිපිට ඇති[[දොළොස් අපෝස්තල්වරු]]න්ගේ නායකයා වූ [[ශුද්ධවු පේදුරු තුමා]]ගේ ප්‍රතිමාව . කතෝලික ජනතාව [[පාප්තුම]]ාව සලකන්නේ අපෝස්තලතුමාගෙන් පසුව පදවිය ලැබූ තැනැත්තා ලෙසයි.]] ''කතෝලික'' (catholic) යන පදය පැවත එන්නේ [[ග්‍රීක භාෂාවේ|ග්‍රීක]] ''καθολικός'' විශේෂණයෙන් වන අතර, එහි අර්ථය වන ''විශ්ව'' (universal); තම නම සඳහා මෙම වචනය භාවිතා කරන කිතු සභා, ක්‍රිස්තුස් වහන්සේ විසින් සංස්ථාපිත එකම විශ්ව සභාවව වීමේ හිමිකම හැඟවීමටද භාවිතා කරති. ''කතෝලික සභාව'' යන පදයේ භාවිතය ඇරඹුණු, 2වන සියවස සිට කතෝලික සභාව, අනිකා අතර consistently මෙම නමින් තම සභාව අාමන්ත්‍රනය කළේය. වෙනත් කිතුණු සභා සමඟ ලේඛණ ඉදිරිපත් කරන අවස්ථා වලදි තම සභාව සුවිශේෂව ''කතෝලික සභාව'' ලෙස හෝ - එම සභා අතුරින් එක් පාර්ශවයක් මෙම නාමය භාවිතා කිරීමට විරුද්ධය පෙන්වූ විටක දී, සභාව ''රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව'' ලෙසත් තම සභාව නාමිකව හඳුන්වා දෙයි. For reasons of simplicity and clarity, the term ''Catholic Church'' is freely used within this article without suggesting acceptance of any claims thought to be implicit in that term, while ''Roman Catholic Church'' is used without endorsing the view that the Church in question is merely part of some larger ''Catholic Church''. Both terms are treated within this article simply as alternative names for the entire Church "which is governed by the successor of Peter and by the bishops in communion with him." :::''"කතෝලික" සහ "කතෝලික සභාව" යන පදයන්හි වෙනත් භාවිතයන් සඳහන් [[කතෝලික]] හා [[කතෝලික ධර්මය]] යන ලිපි බලන්න.''  ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== *[http://www.vatican.va/ The Holy See — වතිකානු නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.archdioceseofcolombo.com/ කොළඹ අගරදගුරු පදවිය — කොළඹ අගරදගුරු පදවියේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.legion-of-mary.ie/ මරිය හමුදාව — මරිය හමුදා ජාත්‍යන්තර මධ්‍යස්ථානයේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.kithudanapubuduwa.net/ කිතුදන පුබුදුව — කිතුදන පුබුදුවේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] [[Category:කිතු දහම]] [[Category:ක්‍රිස්තියානි වර්ග]] [[Category:රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව|*]] {{Link FA|la}} [[af:Rooms-Katolieke Kerk]] [[ar:كاثوليكية]] [[frp:Égllése catolica romana]] [[ast:Ilesia Católica]] [[bs:Rimokatolička crkva]] [[br:Iliz katolik roman]] [[bg:Католичество]] [[ca:Església Catòlica Romana]] [[cs:Katolictví]] [[cy:Eglwys Gatholig Rufeinig]] [[da:Den romersk-katolske kirke]] [[pdc:Gedollisch]] [[de:Römisch-Katholische Kirche]] [[en:Roman Catholic Church]] [[et:Katoliku kirik]] [[es:Iglesia Católica]] [[fr:Église catholique romaine]] [[gl:Igrexa Católica Romana]] [[ko:가톨릭]] [[id:Gereja Katholik Roma]] [[it:Chiesa cattolica]] [[he:הכנסייה הקתולית]] [[ka:?????????? ???????]] [[kw:Eglos Katholik Romanek]] [[la:Ecclesia Catholica]] [[li:Roems-Kattelieke Kèrk]] [[hu:Római Katolikus Egyház]] [[ms:Gereja Roman Katolik]] [[nl:Rooms-Katholieke kerk]] [[ja:カトリック教会]] [[no:Den romersk-katolske kirke]] [[nrm:Égllise catholique]] [[ug:كاتولىك دىندارى]] [[nds:Röömsch-kathoolsche Kark]] [[pl:Kościół katolicki]] [[pt:Igreja Católica Romana]] [[ro:Romano-Catolicism]] [[ru:Римско-католическая Церковь]] [[scn:Chiesa Cattòlica Rumana]] [[simple:Roman Catholicism]] [[sl:Rimskokatoliška cerkev]] [[fi:Roomalais-katolinen kirkko]] [[sv:Romersk-katolska kyrkan]] [[tl:Simbahang Katoliko Romano]] [[vi:Giáo hội Công giáo Rôma]] [[tpi:Katolik]] [[zh:天主教]] 5672 2006-06-24T08:08:22Z Lee 85 /* පාරිභාෂිතය */  {{කිතු දහම}} :''"කතෝලික සභාව" redirects here. For other uses of the term, see [[කතෝලික සභාව (disambiguation)]].''  රෝමානු '''කතෝලික සභාව''' හෙවත්/හෝ '''කතෝලික සභාව''', ලෝකයේ විශාලතම [[කිතු දහම|ක්‍රිස්තියානි]] [[Ecclesia (සභාවයි)|සභාවයි]]. සභාවේ ලෝක ව්‍යාප්ත ලේඛණ වලට අනුව, 2004 වසර අග, ලිඛිත ප්‍රකාශක සාමජිකත්වය 1,098,366,000 ලෙස <ref>''සභාවේ සංඛ්‍යාමය වාර්ෂික සංග්‍රහය (වාර්ෂිකය)''(ISBN 88-209-7817-2)</ref> තුළ පළවී තිබූ අතර, එම වසර තුළ ලෝක ජනගහණය 6,388,500,000 ලෙස එක්සත් ජාතින්ගේ සංවිධානය සඳහන් කර ඇත. එහෙයින් මෙය ලෝකයේ විශාලතම සංවිධානාත්මක අාගමික කණ්ඩායමය ලෙස සැලකිය හැක. මෙහි නායකත්වය රෝමයේ රදගුරු තුමා වන [[පාප් වහන්සේ]]ට දරන අතර, වර්තමානයේදී දරන්නේ [[XVIවන බෙනඩික්]]ට් [[ශුද්ධවූ]] පාප්තුමාටයි. The Church defines itself as "the Catholic Church, which is governed by the successor of [[Saint Peter|Peter]]" — i.e. the Pope — "and the bishops in [[Communion (Christian)|communion]] with him."<ref>''[[Lumen Gentium]]'', 8[http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_en.html]</ref> සියලු මිනිසුන්ගේ ගැලවීම/[[විමුක්තිය]] උදෙසා [[ජේසුස් ක්‍රිස්තුස්]] වහන්සේ විසින් සංස්ථාපිත [[එකම ශුද්ධවූ කතෝලික හා අපෝස්තලික සභාව|එකම, ශුද්ධවූ, කතෝලික හා අපෝස්තලික සභාව]]("සභාවේ සතර සලකුණු"), තම සභාව ලෙස ශුද්ධවූ සභාව උගන්වයි.  ==පාරිභාෂිතය==  [[Image:San Pietro Basilica.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[වතිකානු නගරය|වතිකානුවේ]] [[ශුද්ධවූ පේදුරුතුමාගේ බැසිලිකාව]] ඉදිරිපිට ඇති [[දොළොස් අපෝස්තල්වරුන්|දොළොස් අපෝස්තල්වරුන්ගේ]] නායකයා වූ [[ශුද්ධවු පේදුරු තුමා|ශුද්ධවු පේදුරු තුමාගේ]] ප්‍රතිමාව . කතෝලික ජනතාව [[පාප්තුමා|පාප්තුමාව]] සලකන්නේ අපෝස්තලතුමාගෙන් පසුව පදවිය ලැබූ තැනැත්තා ලෙසයි.]] ''කතෝලික'' (catholic) යන පදය පැවත එන්නේ [[ග්‍රීක භාෂාවේ|ග්‍රීක]] ''καθολικός'' විශේෂණයෙන් වන අතර, එහි අර්ථය වන ''විශ්ව'' (universal); තම නම සඳහා මෙම වචනය භාවිතා කරන කිතු සභා, ක්‍රිස්තුස් වහන්සේ විසින් සංස්ථාපිත එකම විශ්ව සභාවව වීමේ හිමිකම හැඟවීමටද භාවිතා කරති. ''කතෝලික සභාව'' යන පදයේ භාවිතය ඇරඹුණු, 2වන සියවස සිට කතෝලික සභාව, අනිකා අතර consistently මෙම නමින් තම සභාව අාමන්ත්‍රනය කළේය. වෙනත් කිතුණු සභා සමඟ ලේඛණ ඉදිරිපත් කරන අවස්ථා වලදි තම සභාව සුවිශේෂව ''කතෝලික සභාව'' ලෙස හෝ - එම සභා අතුරින් එක් පාර්ශවයක් මෙම නාමය භාවිතා කිරීමට විරුද්ධය පෙන්වූ විටක දී, සභාව ''රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව'' ලෙසත් තම සභාව නාමිකව හඳුන්වා දෙයි. For reasons of simplicity and clarity, the term ''Catholic Church'' is freely used within this article without suggesting acceptance of any claims thought to be implicit in that term, while ''Roman Catholic Church'' is used without endorsing the view that the Church in question is merely part of some larger ''Catholic Church''. Both terms are treated within this article simply as alternative names for the entire Church "which is governed by the successor of Peter and by the bishops in communion with him." :::''"කතෝලික" සහ "කතෝලික සභාව" යන පදයන්හි වෙනත් භාවිතයන් සඳහන් [[කතෝලික]] හා [[කතෝලික ධර්මය]] යන ලිපි බලන්න.''  ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== *[http://www.vatican.va/ The Holy See — වතිකානු නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.archdioceseofcolombo.com/ කොළඹ අගරදගුරු පදවිය — කොළඹ අගරදගුරු පදවියේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.legion-of-mary.ie/ මරිය හමුදාව — මරිය හමුදා ජාත්‍යන්තර මධ්‍යස්ථානයේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.kithudanapubuduwa.net/ කිතුදන පුබුදුව — කිතුදන පුබුදුවේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] [[Category:කිතු දහම]] [[Category:ක්‍රිස්තියානි වර්ග]] [[Category:රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව|*]] {{Link FA|la}} [[af:Rooms-Katolieke Kerk]] [[ar:كاثوليكية]] [[frp:Égllése catolica romana]] [[ast:Ilesia Católica]] [[bs:Rimokatolička crkva]] [[br:Iliz katolik roman]] [[bg:Католичество]] [[ca:Església Catòlica Romana]] [[cs:Katolictví]] [[cy:Eglwys Gatholig Rufeinig]] [[da:Den romersk-katolske kirke]] [[pdc:Gedollisch]] [[de:Römisch-Katholische Kirche]] [[en:Roman Catholic Church]] [[et:Katoliku kirik]] [[es:Iglesia Católica]] [[fr:Église catholique romaine]] [[gl:Igrexa Católica Romana]] [[ko:가톨릭]] [[id:Gereja Katholik Roma]] [[it:Chiesa cattolica]] [[he:הכנסייה הקתולית]] [[ka:?????????? ???????]] [[kw:Eglos Katholik Romanek]] [[la:Ecclesia Catholica]] [[li:Roems-Kattelieke Kèrk]] [[hu:Római Katolikus Egyház]] [[ms:Gereja Roman Katolik]] [[nl:Rooms-Katholieke kerk]] [[ja:カトリック教会]] [[no:Den romersk-katolske kirke]] [[nrm:Égllise catholique]] [[ug:كاتولىك دىندارى]] [[nds:Röömsch-kathoolsche Kark]] [[pl:Kościół katolicki]] [[pt:Igreja Católica Romana]] [[ro:Romano-Catolicism]] [[ru:Римско-католическая Церковь]] [[scn:Chiesa Cattòlica Rumana]] [[simple:Roman Catholicism]] [[sl:Rimskokatoliška cerkev]] [[fi:Roomalais-katolinen kirkko]] [[sv:Romersk-katolska kyrkan]] [[tl:Simbahang Katoliko Romano]] [[vi:Giáo hội Công giáo Rôma]] [[tpi:Katolik]] [[zh:天主教]] 5673 2006-06-24T08:25:46Z Lee 85 /* සම්භවය සහ ඉතිහාසය */  {{කිතු දහම}} :''"කතෝලික සභාව" redirects here. For other uses of the term, see [[කතෝලික සභාව (disambiguation)]].''  රෝමානු '''කතෝලික සභාව''' හෙවත්/හෝ '''කතෝලික සභාව''', ලෝකයේ විශාලතම [[කිතු දහම|ක්‍රිස්තියානි]] [[Ecclesia (සභාවයි)|සභාවයි]]. සභාවේ ලෝක ව්‍යාප්ත ලේඛණ වලට අනුව, 2004 වසර අග, ලිඛිත ප්‍රකාශක සාමජිකත්වය 1,098,366,000 ලෙස <ref>''සභාවේ සංඛ්‍යාමය වාර්ෂික සංග්‍රහය (වාර්ෂිකය)''(ISBN 88-209-7817-2)</ref> තුළ පළවී තිබූ අතර, එම වසර තුළ ලෝක ජනගහණය 6,388,500,000 ලෙස එක්සත් ජාතින්ගේ සංවිධානය සඳහන් කර ඇත. එහෙයින් මෙය ලෝකයේ විශාලතම සංවිධානාත්මක අාගමික කණ්ඩායමය ලෙස සැලකිය හැක. මෙහි නායකත්වය රෝමයේ රදගුරු තුමා වන [[පාප් වහන්සේ]]ට දරන අතර, වර්තමානයේදී දරන්නේ [[XVIවන බෙනඩික්]]ට් [[ශුද්ධවූ]] පාප්තුමාටයි. The Church defines itself as "the Catholic Church, which is governed by the successor of [[Saint Peter|Peter]]" — i.e. the Pope — "and the bishops in [[Communion (Christian)|communion]] with him."<ref>''[[Lumen Gentium]]'', 8[http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_en.html]</ref> සියලු මිනිසුන්ගේ ගැලවීම/[[විමුක්තිය]] උදෙසා [[ජේසුස් ක්‍රිස්තුස්]] වහන්සේ විසින් සංස්ථාපිත [[එකම ශුද්ධවූ කතෝලික හා අපෝස්තලික සභාව|එකම, ශුද්ධවූ, කතෝලික හා අපෝස්තලික සභාව]]("සභාවේ සතර සලකුණු"), තම සභාව ලෙස ශුද්ධවූ සභාව උගන්වයි.  ==පාරිභාෂිතය==  [[Image:San Pietro Basilica.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[වතිකානු නගරය|වතිකානුවේ]] [[ශුද්ධවූ පේදුරුතුමාගේ බැසිලිකාව]] ඉදිරිපිට ඇති [[දොළොස් අපෝස්තල්වරුන්|දොළොස් අපෝස්තල්වරුන්ගේ]] නායකයා වූ [[ශුද්ධවු පේදුරු තුමා|ශුද්ධවු පේදුරු තුමාගේ]] ප්‍රතිමාව . කතෝලික ජනතාව [[පාප්තුමා|පාප්තුමාව]] සලකන්නේ අපෝස්තලතුමාගෙන් පසුව පදවිය ලැබූ තැනැත්තා ලෙසයි.]] ''කතෝලික'' (catholic) යන පදය පැවත එන්නේ [[ග්‍රීක භාෂාවේ|ග්‍රීක]] ''καθολικός'' විශේෂණයෙන් වන අතර, එහි අර්ථය වන ''විශ්ව'' (universal); තම නම සඳහා මෙම වචනය භාවිතා කරන කිතු සභා, ක්‍රිස්තුස් වහන්සේ විසින් සංස්ථාපිත එකම විශ්ව සභාවව වීමේ හිමිකම හැඟවීමටද භාවිතා කරති. ''කතෝලික සභාව'' යන පදයේ භාවිතය ඇරඹුණු, 2වන සියවස සිට කතෝලික සභාව, අනිකා අතර consistently මෙම නමින් තම සභාව අාමන්ත්‍රනය කළේය. වෙනත් කිතුණු සභා සමඟ ලේඛණ ඉදිරිපත් කරන අවස්ථා වලදි තම සභාව සුවිශේෂව ''කතෝලික සභාව'' ලෙස හෝ - එම සභා අතුරින් එක් පාර්ශවයක් මෙම නාමය භාවිතා කිරීමට විරුද්ධය පෙන්වූ විටක දී, සභාව ''රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව'' ලෙසත් තම සභාව නාමිකව හඳුන්වා දෙයි. For reasons of simplicity and clarity, the term ''Catholic Church'' is freely used within this article without suggesting acceptance of any claims thought to be implicit in that term, while ''Roman Catholic Church'' is used without endorsing the view that the Church in question is merely part of some larger ''Catholic Church''. Both terms are treated within this article simply as alternative names for the entire Church "which is governed by the successor of Peter and by the bishops in communion with him." :::''"කතෝලික" සහ "කතෝලික සභාව" යන පදයන්හි වෙනත් භාවිතයන් සඳහන් [[කතෝලික]] හා [[කතෝලික ධර්මය]] යන ලිපි බලන්න.''  ==සම්භවය සහ ඉතිහාසය== රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාවේ ඉතිහාසය ජේසුස් වහන්සේ සහ සාම්ප්‍රදානුකූලව පළමු පාප්වහන්සේ ලෙස සැලකෙන දොලොස් අපෝස්තුලු වරුන්ගේ නායකයාවන පේදුරු තුමා දක්වා දිවයයි. ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== *[http://www.vatican.va/ The Holy See — වතිකානු නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.archdioceseofcolombo.com/ කොළඹ අගරදගුරු පදවිය — කොළඹ අගරදගුරු පදවියේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.legion-of-mary.ie/ මරිය හමුදාව — මරිය හමුදා ජාත්‍යන්තර මධ්‍යස්ථානයේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.kithudanapubuduwa.net/ කිතුදන පුබුදුව — කිතුදන පුබුදුවේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] [[Category:කිතු දහම]] [[Category:ක්‍රිස්තියානි වර්ග]] [[Category:රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව|*]] {{Link FA|la}} [[af:Rooms-Katolieke Kerk]] [[ar:كاثوليكية]] [[frp:Égllése catolica romana]] [[ast:Ilesia Católica]] [[bs:Rimokatolička crkva]] [[br:Iliz katolik roman]] [[bg:Католичество]] [[ca:Església Catòlica Romana]] [[cs:Katolictví]] [[cy:Eglwys Gatholig Rufeinig]] [[da:Den romersk-katolske kirke]] [[pdc:Gedollisch]] [[de:Römisch-Katholische Kirche]] [[en:Roman Catholic Church]] [[et:Katoliku kirik]] [[es:Iglesia Católica]] [[fr:Église catholique romaine]] [[gl:Igrexa Católica Romana]] [[ko:가톨릭]] [[id:Gereja Katholik Roma]] [[it:Chiesa cattolica]] [[he:הכנסייה הקתולית]] [[ka:?????????? ???????]] [[kw:Eglos Katholik Romanek]] [[la:Ecclesia Catholica]] [[li:Roems-Kattelieke Kèrk]] [[hu:Római Katolikus Egyház]] [[ms:Gereja Roman Katolik]] [[nl:Rooms-Katholieke kerk]] [[ja:カトリック教会]] [[no:Den romersk-katolske kirke]] [[nrm:Égllise catholique]] [[ug:كاتولىك دىندارى]] [[nds:Röömsch-kathoolsche Kark]] [[pl:Kościół katolicki]] [[pt:Igreja Católica Romana]] [[ro:Romano-Catolicism]] [[ru:Римско-католическая Церковь]] [[scn:Chiesa Cattòlica Rumana]] [[simple:Roman Catholicism]] [[sl:Rimskokatoliška cerkev]] [[fi:Roomalais-katolinen kirkko]] [[sv:Romersk-katolska kyrkan]] [[tl:Simbahang Katoliko Romano]] [[vi:Giáo hội Công giáo Rôma]] [[tpi:Katolik]] [[zh:天主教]] 5682 2006-06-24T23:16:09Z Ruwan 82 රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව  {{කිතු දහම}} :''"කතෝලික සභාව" redirects here. For other uses of the term, see [[කතෝලික සභාව (disambiguation)]].''  රෝමානු '''කතෝලික සභාව''' හෙවත්/හෝ '''කතෝලික සභාව''', ලෝකයේ විශාලතම [[කිතු දහම|ක්‍රිස්තියානි]] [[Ecclesia (සභාවයි)|සභාවයි]]. සභාවේ ලෝක ව්‍යාප්ත ලේඛණ වලට අනුව, 2004 වසර අග, ලිඛිත ප්‍රකාශක සාමජිකත්වය 1,098,366,000 ලෙස <ref>''සභාවේ සංඛ්‍යාමය වාර්ෂික සංග්‍රහය (වාර්ෂිකය)''(ISBN 88-209-7817-2)</ref> තුළ පළවී තිබූ අතර, එම වසර තුළ ලෝක ජනගහණය 6,388,500,000 ලෙස එක්සත් ජාතින්ගේ සංවිධානය සඳහන් කර ඇත. එහෙයින් මෙය ලෝකයේ විශාලතම සංවිධානාත්මක අාගමික කණ්ඩායමය ලෙස සැලකිය හැක. මෙහි නායකත්වය රෝමයේ රදගුරු තුමා වන [[පාප් වහන්සේ]]ට දරන අතර, වර්තමානයේදී දරන්නේ [[XVIවන බෙනඩික්]]ට් [[ශුද්ධවූ]] පාප්තුමාටයි. The Church defines itself as "the Catholic Church, which is governed by the successor of [[Saint Peter|Peter]]" — i.e. the Pope — "and the bishops in [[Communion (Christian)|communion]] with him."<ref>''[[Lumen Gentium]]'', 8[http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_en.html]</ref> සියලු මිනිසුන්ගේ ගැලවීම/[[විමුක්තිය]] උදෙසා [[ජේසුස් ක්‍රිස්තුස්]] වහන්සේ විසින් සංස්ථාපිත [[එකම ශුද්ධවූ කතෝලික හා අපෝස්තලික සභාව|එකම, ශුද්ධවූ, කතෝලික හා අපෝස්තලික සභාව]]("සභාවේ සතර සලකුණු"), තම සභාව ලෙස ශුද්ධවූ සභාව උගන්වයි.  ==පාරිභාෂිතය==  [[Image:San Pietro Basilica.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[වතිකානු නගරය|වතිකානුවේ]] [[ශුද්ධවූ පේදුරුතුමාගේ බැසිලිකාව]] ඉදිරිපිට ඇති [[දොළොස් අපෝස්තල්වරුන්|දොළොස් අපෝස්තල්වරුන්ගේ]] නායකයා වූ [[ශුද්ධවු පේදුරු තුමා|ශුද්ධවු පේදුරු තුමාගේ]] ප්‍රතිමාව . කතෝලික ජනතාව [[පාප්තුමා|පාප්තුමාව]] සලකන්නේ අපෝස්තලතුමාගෙන් පසුව පදවිය ලැබූ තැනැත්තා ලෙසයි.]] ''කතෝලික'' (catholic) යන පදය පැවත එන්නේ [[ග්‍රීක භාෂාවේ|ග්‍රීක]] ''καθολικός'' විශේෂණයෙන් වන අතර, එහි අර්ථය වන ''විශ්ව'' (universal); තම නම සඳහා මෙම වචනය භාවිතා කරන කිතු සභා, ක්‍රිස්තුස් වහන්සේ විසින් සංස්ථාපිත එකම විශ්ව සභාවව වීමේ හිමිකම හැඟවීමටද භාවිතා කරති. ''කතෝලික සභාව'' යන පදයේ භාවිතය ඇරඹුණු, 2වන සියවස සිට කතෝලික සභාව, අනිකා අතර consistently මෙම නමින් තම සභාව අාමන්ත්‍රනය කළේය. වෙනත් කිතුණු සභා සමඟ ලේඛණ ඉදිරිපත් කරන අවස්ථා වලදි තම සභාව සුවිශේෂව ''කතෝලික සභාව'' ලෙස හෝ - එම සභා අතුරින් එක් පාර්ශවයක් මෙම නාමය භාවිතා කිරීමට විරුද්ධය පෙන්වූ විටක දී, සභාව ''රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව'' ලෙසත් තම සභාව නාමිකව හඳුන්වා දෙයි. For reasons of simplicity and clarity, the term ''Catholic Church'' is freely used within this article without suggesting acceptance of any claims thought to be implicit in that term, while ''Roman Catholic Church'' is used without endorsing the view that the Church in question is merely part of some larger ''Catholic Church''. Both terms are treated within this article simply as alternative names for the entire Church "which is governed by the successor of Peter and by the bishops in communion with him." :::''"කතෝලික" සහ "කතෝලික සභාව" යන පදයන්හි වෙනත් භාවිතයන් සඳහන් [[කතෝලික]] හා [[කතෝලික ධර්මය]] යන ලිපි බලන්න.''  ==සම්භවය සහ ඉතිහාසය== {{main|රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාවේ ඉතිහාසය}} {{seealso|පාප් පදවියේ/පාප් සසුනේ (Papacy) ඉතිහාසය}} රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාවේ ඉතිහාසය ජේසුස් වහන්සේ සහ සාම්ප්‍රදානුකූලව පළමු පාප්වහන්සේ ලෙස සැලකෙන දොලොස් අපෝස්තුලු වරුන්ගේ නායකයාවන පේදුරු තුමා දක්වා දිවයයි. "කතෝලික සභාව" යන පදය ප්‍රථම වරට භාවිත වූයේ අන්තියෝක්හි ඉග්නේෂස් (Ignatius) තුමාගේ ලිපියකයවූ අතර, සමාන තත්වයේ පුද්ගලයන් අතර මූලිකයා තරාතිරමවත් ('first among equals' status) මුල්කාලයේ සිටම රෝමයේ පාප්තුමාට (See of Rome) හිමිවූ බව දක්වන සඳහන් කිහිපයක්ම අපට කතෝලික ලේඛකයන් පෙන්නුම් කර දෙති. ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== *[http://www.vatican.va/ The Holy See — වතිකානු නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.archdioceseofcolombo.com/ කොළඹ අගරදගුරු පදවිය — කොළඹ අගරදගුරු පදවියේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.legion-of-mary.ie/ මරිය හමුදාව — මරිය හමුදා ජාත්‍යන්තර මධ්‍යස්ථානයේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.kithudanapubuduwa.net/ කිතුදන පුබුදුව — කිතුදන පුබුදුවේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] [[Category:කිතු දහම]] [[Category:ක්‍රිස්තියානි වර්ග]] [[Category:රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව|*]] {{Link FA|la}} [[af:Rooms-Katolieke Kerk]] [[ar:كاثوليكية]] [[frp:Égllése catolica romana]] [[ast:Ilesia Católica]] [[bs:Rimokatolička crkva]] [[br:Iliz katolik roman]] [[bg:Католичество]] [[ca:Església Catòlica Romana]] [[cs:Katolictví]] [[cy:Eglwys Gatholig Rufeinig]] [[da:Den romersk-katolske kirke]] [[pdc:Gedollisch]] [[de:Römisch-Katholische Kirche]] [[en:Roman Catholic Church]] [[et:Katoliku kirik]] [[es:Iglesia Católica]] [[fr:Église catholique romaine]] [[gl:Igrexa Católica Romana]] [[ko:가톨릭]] [[id:Gereja Katholik Roma]] [[it:Chiesa cattolica]] [[he:הכנסייה הקתולית]] [[ka:?????????? ???????]] [[kw:Eglos Katholik Romanek]] [[la:Ecclesia Catholica]] [[li:Roems-Kattelieke Kèrk]] [[hu:Római Katolikus Egyház]] [[ms:Gereja Roman Katolik]] [[nl:Rooms-Katholieke kerk]] [[ja:カトリック教会]] [[no:Den romersk-katolske kirke]] [[nrm:Égllise catholique]] [[ug:كاتولىك دىندارى]] [[nds:Röömsch-kathoolsche Kark]] [[pl:Kościół katolicki]] [[pt:Igreja Católica Romana]] [[ro:Romano-Catolicism]] [[ru:Римско-католическая Церковь]] [[scn:Chiesa Cattòlica Rumana]] [[simple:Roman Catholicism]] [[sl:Rimskokatoliška cerkev]] [[fi:Roomalais-katolinen kirkko]] [[sv:Romersk-katolska kyrkan]] [[tl:Simbahang Katoliko Romano]] [[vi:Giáo hội Công giáo Rôma]] [[tpi:Katolik]] [[zh:天主教]] 5683 2006-06-25T01:14:21Z Ruwan 82 රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව  {{කිතු දහම}} :''"කතෝලික සභාව" redirects here. For other uses of the term, see [[කතෝලික සභාව (disambiguation)]].''  රෝමානු '''කතෝලික සභාව''' හෙවත්/හෝ '''කතෝලික සභාව''', ලෝකයේ විශාලතම [[කිතු දහම|ක්‍රිස්තියානි]] [[Ecclesia (සභාවයි)|සභාවයි]]. සභාවේ ලෝක ව්‍යාප්ත ලේඛණ වලට අනුව, 2004 වසර අග, ලිඛිත ප්‍රකාශක සාමජිකත්වය 1,098,366,000 ලෙස <ref>''සභාවේ සංඛ්‍යාමය වාර්ෂික සංග්‍රහය / වාර්ෂිකය'' (Statistical Yearbook of the Church 2004 : ISBN 88-209-7817-2)</ref> තුළ පළවී තිබූ අතර, එම වසර තුළ ලෝක ජනගහණය 6,388,500,000 ලෙස එක්සත් ජාතින්ගේ සංවිධානය සඳහන් කර ඇත. එහෙයින් මෙය ලෝකයේ විශාලතම සංවිධානාත්මක අාගමික කණ්ඩායමය ලෙස සැලකිය හැක. මෙහි නායකත්වය රෝමයේ රදගුරු තුමා වන [[පාප් වහන්සේ]]ට දරන අතර, වර්තමානයේදී දරන්නේ [[XVIවන බෙනඩික්]]ට් [[ශුද්ධවූ]] පාප්තුමාටයි. The Church defines itself as "the Catholic Church, which is governed by the successor of [[Saint Peter|Peter]]" — i.e. the Pope — "and the bishops in [[Communion (Christian)|communion]] with him."<ref>''[[Lumen Gentium]]'', 8[http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_en.html]</ref> සියලු මිනිසුන්ගේ ගැලවීම/[[විමුක්තිය]] උදෙසා [[ජේසුස් ක්‍රිස්තුස්]] වහන්සේ විසින් සංස්ථාපිත [[එකම ශුද්ධවූ කතෝලික හා අපෝස්තලික සභාව|එකම, ශුද්ධවූ, කතෝලික හා අපෝස්තලික සභාව]]("සභාවේ සතර සලකුණු"), තම සභාව ලෙස ශුද්ධවූ සභාව උගන්වයි.  ==පාරිභාෂිතය==  [[Image:San Pietro Basilica.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[වතිකානු නගරය|වතිකානුවේ]] [[ශුද්ධවූ පේදුරුතුමාගේ බැසිලිකාව]] ඉදිරිපිට ඇති [[දොළොස් අපෝස්තල්වරුන්|දොළොස් අපෝස්තල්වරුන්ගේ]] නායකයා වූ [[ශුද්ධවු පේදුරු තුමා|ශුද්ධවු පේදුරු තුමාගේ]] ප්‍රතිමාව . කතෝලික ජනතාව [[පාප්තුමා|පාප්තුමාව]] සලකන්නේ අපෝස්තලතුමාගෙන් පසුව පදවිය ලැබූ තැනැත්තා ලෙසයි.]] ''කතෝලික'' (catholic) යන පදය පැවත එන්නේ [[ග්‍රීක භාෂාවේ|ග්‍රීක]] ''καθολικός'' විශේෂණයෙන් වන අතර, එහි අර්ථය වන ''විශ්ව'' (universal); තම නම සඳහා මෙම වචනය භාවිතා කරන කිතු සභා, ක්‍රිස්තුස් වහන්සේ විසින් සංස්ථාපිත එකම විශ්ව සභාවව වීමේ හිමිකම හැඟවීමටද භාවිතා කරති. ''කතෝලික සභාව'' යන පදයේ භාවිතය ඇරඹුණු, 2වන සියවස සිට කතෝලික සභාව, අනිකා අතර consistently මෙම නමින් තම සභාව අාමන්ත්‍රනය කළේය. වෙනත් කිතුණු සභා සමඟ ලේඛණ ඉදිරිපත් කරන අවස්ථා වලදි තම සභාව සුවිශේෂව ''කතෝලික සභාව'' ලෙස හෝ - එම සභා අතුරින් එක් පාර්ශවයක් මෙම නාමය භාවිතා කිරීමට විරුද්ධය පෙන්වූ විටක දී, සභාව ''රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව'' ලෙසත් තම සභාව නාමිකව හඳුන්වා දෙයි. For reasons of simplicity and clarity, the term ''Catholic Church'' is freely used within this article without suggesting acceptance of any claims thought to be implicit in that term, while ''Roman Catholic Church'' is used without endorsing the view that the Church in question is merely part of some larger ''Catholic Church''. Both terms are treated within this article simply as alternative names for the entire Church "which is governed by the successor of Peter and by the bishops in communion with him." :::''"කතෝලික" සහ "කතෝලික සභාව" යන පදයන්හි වෙනත් භාවිතයන් සඳහන් [[කතෝලික]] හා [[කතෝලික ධර්මය]] යන ලිපි බලන්න.''  ==සම්භවය සහ ඉතිහාසය== {{main|රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාවේ ඉතිහාසය}} {{seealso|පාප් පදවියේ/පාප් සසුනේ (Papacy) ඉතිහාසය}} රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාවේ ඉතිහාසය ජේසුස් වහන්සේ සහ සාම්ප්‍රදානුකූලව පළමු පාප්වහන්සේ ලෙස සැලකෙන දොලොස් අපෝස්තුලු වරුන්ගේ නායකයාවන පේදුරු තුමා දක්වා දිවයයි. "කතෝලික සභාව" යන පදය ප්‍රථම වරට භාවිත වූයේ අන්තියෝක්හි ඉග්නේෂස් (Ignatius) තුමාගේ ලිපියකයවූ අතර, සමාන තත්වයේ පුද්ගලයන් අතර මූලිකයා තරාතිරමවත් ('first among equals' status) මුල්කාලයේ සිටම රෝමයේ පාප්තුමාට (See of Rome) හිමිවූ බව දක්වන සඳහන් කිහිපයක්ම අපට කතෝලික ලේඛකයන් පෙන්නුම් කර දෙති. ==අධෝලිපි== <div class="references-small"> <references /> </div> ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== *[http://www.vatican.va/ The Holy See — වතිකානු නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.archdioceseofcolombo.com/ කොළඹ අගරදගුරු පදවිය — කොළඹ අගරදගුරු පදවියේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.legion-of-mary.ie/ මරිය හමුදාව — මරිය හමුදා ජාත්‍යන්තර මධ්‍යස්ථානයේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.kithudanapubuduwa.net/ කිතුදන පුබුදුව — කිතුදන පුබුදුවේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] [[Category:කිතු දහම]] [[Category:ක්‍රිස්තියානි වර්ග]] [[Category:රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව|*]] {{Link FA|la}} [[af:Rooms-Katolieke Kerk]] [[ar:كاثوليكية]] [[frp:Égllése catolica romana]] [[ast:Ilesia Católica]] [[bs:Rimokatolička crkva]] [[br:Iliz katolik roman]] [[bg:Католичество]] [[ca:Església Catòlica Romana]] [[cs:Katolictví]] [[cy:Eglwys Gatholig Rufeinig]] [[da:Den romersk-katolske kirke]] [[pdc:Gedollisch]] [[de:Römisch-Katholische Kirche]] [[en:Roman Catholic Church]] [[et:Katoliku kirik]] [[es:Iglesia Católica]] [[fr:Église catholique romaine]] [[gl:Igrexa Católica Romana]] [[ko:가톨릭]] [[id:Gereja Katholik Roma]] [[it:Chiesa cattolica]] [[he:הכנסייה הקתולית]] [[ka:?????????? ???????]] [[kw:Eglos Katholik Romanek]] [[la:Ecclesia Catholica]] [[li:Roems-Kattelieke Kèrk]] [[hu:Római Katolikus Egyház]] [[ms:Gereja Roman Katolik]] [[nl:Rooms-Katholieke kerk]] [[ja:カトリック教会]] [[no:Den romersk-katolske kirke]] [[nrm:Égllise catholique]] [[ug:كاتولىك دىندارى]] [[nds:Röömsch-kathoolsche Kark]] [[pl:Kościół katolicki]] [[pt:Igreja Católica Romana]] [[ro:Romano-Catolicism]] [[ru:Римско-католическая Церковь]] [[scn:Chiesa Cattòlica Rumana]] [[simple:Roman Catholicism]] [[sl:Rimskokatoliška cerkev]] [[fi:Roomalais-katolinen kirkko]] [[sv:Romersk-katolska kyrkan]] [[tl:Simbahang Katoliko Romano]] [[vi:Giáo hội Công giáo Rôma]] [[tpi:Katolik]] [[zh:天主教]] 5685 2006-06-25T07:04:02Z Ruwan 82 රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව  {{කිතු දහම}} :''"කතෝලික සභාව" redirects here. For other uses of the term, see [[කතෝලික සභාව (disambiguation)]].''  රෝමානු '''කතෝලික සභාව''' හෙවත්/හෝ '''කතෝලික සභාව''', ලෝකයේ විශාලතම [[කිතු දහම|ක්‍රිස්තියානි]] [[Ecclesia (සභාවයි)|සභාවයි]]. සභාවේ ලෝක ව්‍යාප්ත ලේඛණ වලට අනුව, 2004 වසර අග, ලිඛිත ප්‍රකාශක සාමජිකත්වය 1,098,366,000 ලෙස <ref>''සභාවේ සංඛ්‍යාමය වාර්ෂික සංග්‍රහය / වාර්ෂිකය'' (Statistical Yearbook of the Church 2004 : ISBN 88-209-7817-2)</ref> තුළ පළවී තිබූ අතර, එම වසර තුළ ලෝක ජනගහණය 6,388,500,000 ලෙස එක්සත් ජාතින්ගේ සංවිධානය සඳහන් කර ඇත. එහෙයින් මෙය ලෝකයේ විශාලතම සංවිධානාත්මක අාගමික කණ්ඩායමය ලෙස සැලකිය හැක. මෙහි නායකත්වය රෝමයේ රදගුරු තුමා වන [[පාප් වහන්සේ]]ට දරන අතර, වර්තමානයේදී දරන්නේ [[XVIවන බෙනඩික්]]ට් [[ශුද්ධවූ]] පාප්තුමාටයි. The Church defines itself as "the Catholic Church, which is governed by the successor of [[Saint Peter|Peter]]" — i.e. the Pope — "and the bishops in [[Communion (Christian)|communion]] with him."<ref>''[[Lumen Gentium]]'', 8[http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_en.html]</ref> සියලු මිනිසුන්ගේ ගැලවීම/[[විමුක්තිය]] උදෙසා [[ජේසුස් ක්‍රිස්තුස්]] වහන්සේ විසින් සංස්ථාපිත [[එකම ශුද්ධවූ කතෝලික හා අපෝස්තලික සභාව|එකම, ශුද්ධවූ, කතෝලික හා අපෝස්තලික සභාව]]("සභාවේ සතර සලකුණු"), තම සභාව ලෙස ශුද්ධවූ සභාව උගන්වයි.  ==පාරිභාෂිතය==  [[Image:San Pietro Basilica.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[වතිකානු නගරය|වතිකානුවේ]] [[ශුද්ධවූ පේදුරුතුමාගේ බැසිලිකාව]] ඉදිරිපිට ඇති [[දොළොස් අපෝස්තල්වරුන්|දොළොස් අපෝස්තල්වරුන්ගේ]] නායකයා වූ [[ශුද්ධවු පේදුරු තුමා|ශුද්ධවු පේදුරු තුමාගේ]] ප්‍රතිමාව . කතෝලික ජනතාව [[පාප්තුමා|පාප්තුමාව]] සලකන්නේ අපෝස්තලතුමාගෙන් පසුව පදවිය ලැබූ තැනැත්තා ලෙසයි.]] ''කතෝලික'' (catholic) යන පදය පැවත එන්නේ [[ග්‍රීක භාෂාවේ|ග්‍රීක]] ''καθολικός'' විශේෂණයෙන් වන අතර, එහි අර්ථය වන ''විශ්ව'' (universal); තම නම සඳහා මෙම වචනය භාවිතා කරන කිතු සභා, ක්‍රිස්තුස් වහන්සේ විසින් සංස්ථාපිත එකම විශ්ව සභාවව වීමේ හිමිකම හැඟවීමටද භාවිතා කරති. ''කතෝලික සභාව'' යන පදයේ භාවිතය ඇරඹුණු, 2වන සියවස සිට කතෝලික සභාව, අනිකා අතර consistently මෙම නමින් තම සභාව අාමන්ත්‍රනය කළේය. වෙනත් කිතුණු සභා සමඟ ලේඛණ ඉදිරිපත් කරන අවස්ථා වලදි තම සභාව සුවිශේෂව ''කතෝලික සභාව'' ලෙස හෝ - එම සභා අතුරින් එක් පාර්ශවයක් මෙම නාමය භාවිතා කිරීමට විරුද්ධය පෙන්වූ විටක දී, සභාව ''රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව'' ලෙසත් තම සභාව නාමිකව හඳුන්වා දෙයි. For reasons of simplicity and clarity, the term ''Catholic Church'' is freely used within this article without suggesting acceptance of any claims thought to be implicit in that term, while ''Roman Catholic Church'' is used without endorsing the view that the Church in question is merely part of some larger ''Catholic Church''. Both terms are treated within this article simply as alternative names for the entire Church "which is governed by the successor of Peter and by the bishops in communion with him." :::''"කතෝලික" සහ "කතෝලික සභාව" යන පදයන්හි වෙනත් භාවිතයන් සඳහන් [[කතෝලික]] හා [[කතෝලික ධර්මය]] යන ලිපි බලන්න.''  ==සම්භවය සහ ඉතිහාසය== {{main|රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාවේ ඉතිහාසය}} {{තවදබලන්න|පාප් පදවියේ/පාප් සසුනේ (Papacy) ඉතිහාසය}} රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාවේ ඉතිහාසය ජේසුස් වහන්සේ සහ සාම්ප්‍රදානුකූලව පළමු පාප්වහන්සේ ලෙස සැලකෙන දොලොස් අපෝස්තුලු වරුන්ගේ නායකයාවන පේදුරු තුමා දක්වා දිවයයි. "කතෝලික සභාව" යන පදය ප්‍රථම වරට භාවිත වූයේ අන්තියෝක්හි ඉග්නේෂස් (Ignatius) තුමාගේ ලිපියකයවූ අතර, සමාන තත්වයේ පුද්ගලයන් අතර මූලිකයා තරාතිරමවත් ('first among equals' status) මුල්කාලයේ සිටම රෝමයේ පාප්තුමාට (See of Rome) හිමිවූ බව දක්වන සඳහන් කිහිපයක්ම අපට කතෝලික ලේඛකයන් පෙන්නුම් කර දෙති. ==අධෝලිපි== <div class="references-small"> <references /> </div> ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== *[http://www.vatican.va/ The Holy See — වතිකානු නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.archdioceseofcolombo.com/ කොළඹ අගරදගුරු පදවිය — කොළඹ අගරදගුරු පදවියේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.legion-of-mary.ie/ මරිය හමුදාව — මරිය හමුදා ජාත්‍යන්තර මධ්‍යස්ථානයේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.kithudanapubuduwa.net/ කිතුදන පුබුදුව — කිතුදන පුබුදුවේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] [[Category:කිතු දහම]] [[Category:ක්‍රිස්තියානි වර්ග]] [[Category:රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව|*]] {{Link FA|la}} [[af:Rooms-Katolieke Kerk]] [[ar:كاثوليكية]] [[frp:Égllése catolica romana]] [[ast:Ilesia Católica]] [[bs:Rimokatolička crkva]] [[br:Iliz katolik roman]] [[bg:Католичество]] [[ca:Església Catòlica Romana]] [[cs:Katolictví]] [[cy:Eglwys Gatholig Rufeinig]] [[da:Den romersk-katolske kirke]] [[pdc:Gedollisch]] [[de:Römisch-Katholische Kirche]] [[en:Roman Catholic Church]] [[et:Katoliku kirik]] [[es:Iglesia Católica]] [[fr:Église catholique romaine]] [[gl:Igrexa Católica Romana]] [[ko:가톨릭]] [[id:Gereja Katholik Roma]] [[it:Chiesa cattolica]] [[he:הכנסייה הקתולית]] [[ka:?????????? ???????]] [[kw:Eglos Katholik Romanek]] [[la:Ecclesia Catholica]] [[li:Roems-Kattelieke Kèrk]] [[hu:Római Katolikus Egyház]] [[ms:Gereja Roman Katolik]] [[nl:Rooms-Katholieke kerk]] [[ja:カトリック教会]] [[no:Den romersk-katolske kirke]] [[nrm:Égllise catholique]] [[ug:كاتولىك دىندارى]] [[nds:Röömsch-kathoolsche Kark]] [[pl:Kościół katolicki]] [[pt:Igreja Católica Romana]] [[ro:Romano-Catolicism]] [[ru:Римско-католическая Церковь]] [[scn:Chiesa Cattòlica Rumana]] [[simple:Roman Catholicism]] [[sl:Rimskokatoliška cerkev]] [[fi:Roomalais-katolinen kirkko]] [[sv:Romersk-katolska kyrkan]] [[tl:Simbahang Katoliko Romano]] [[vi:Giáo hội Công giáo Rôma]] [[tpi:Katolik]] [[zh:天主教]] 5688 2006-06-25T07:45:37Z Ruwan 82 රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව {{Portalpar|කිතු දහම|Cor-jesus.jpeg|35px}} {{කිතු දහම}} :''"කතෝලික සභාව" redirects here. For other uses of the term, see [[කතෝලික සභාව (disambiguation)]].''  රෝමානු '''කතෝලික සභාව''' හෙවත්/හෝ '''කතෝලික සභාව''', ලෝකයේ විශාලතම [[කිතු දහම|ක්‍රිස්තියානි]] [[Ecclesia (සභාවයි)|සභාවයි]]. සභාවේ ලෝක ව්‍යාප්ත ලේඛණ වලට අනුව, 2004 වසර අග, ලිඛිත ප්‍රකාශක සාමජිකත්වය 1,098,366,000 ලෙස <ref>''සභාවේ සංඛ්‍යාමය වාර්ෂික සංග්‍රහය / වාර්ෂිකය'' (Statistical Yearbook of the Church 2004 : ISBN 88-209-7817-2)</ref> තුළ පළවී තිබූ අතර, එම වසර තුළ ලෝක ජනගහණය 6,388,500,000 ලෙස එක්සත් ජාතින්ගේ සංවිධානය සඳහන් කර ඇත. එහෙයින් මෙය ලෝකයේ විශාලතම සංවිධානාත්මක අාගමික කණ්ඩායමය ලෙස සැලකිය හැක. මෙහි නායකත්වය රෝමයේ රදගුරු තුමා වන [[පාප් වහන්සේ]]ට දරන අතර, වර්තමානයේදී දරන්නේ [[XVIවන බෙනඩික්]]ට් [[ශුද්ධවූ]] පාප්තුමාටයි. The Church defines itself as "the Catholic Church, which is governed by the successor of [[Saint Peter|Peter]]" — i.e. the Pope — "and the bishops in [[Communion (Christian)|communion]] with him."<ref>''[[Lumen Gentium]]'', 8[http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_en.html]</ref> සියලු මිනිසුන්ගේ ගැලවීම/[[විමුක්තිය]] උදෙසා [[ජේසුස් ක්‍රිස්තුස්]] වහන්සේ විසින් සංස්ථාපිත [[එකම ශුද්ධවූ කතෝලික හා අපෝස්තලික සභාව|එකම, ශුද්ධවූ, කතෝලික හා අපෝස්තලික සභාව]]("සභාවේ සතර සලකුණු"), තම සභාව ලෙස ශුද්ධවූ සභාව උගන්වයි.  ==පාරිභාෂිතය==  [[Image:San Pietro Basilica.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[වතිකානු නගරය|වතිකානුවේ]] [[ශුද්ධවූ පේදුරුතුමාගේ බැසිලිකාව]] ඉදිරිපිට ඇති [[දොළොස් අපෝස්තල්වරුන්|දොළොස් අපෝස්තල්වරුන්ගේ]] නායකයා වූ [[ශුද්ධවු පේදුරු තුමා|ශුද්ධවු පේදුරු තුමාගේ]] ප්‍රතිමාව . කතෝලික ජනතාව [[පාප්තුමා|පාප්තුමාව]] සලකන්නේ අපෝස්තලතුමාගෙන් පසුව පදවිය ලැබූ තැනැත්තා ලෙසයි.]] ''කතෝලික'' (catholic) යන පදය පැවත එන්නේ [[ග්‍රීක භාෂාවේ|ග්‍රීක]] ''καθολικός'' විශේෂණයෙන් වන අතර, එහි අර්ථය වන ''විශ්ව'' (universal); තම නම සඳහා මෙම වචනය භාවිතා කරන කිතු සභා, ක්‍රිස්තුස් වහන්සේ විසින් සංස්ථාපිත එකම විශ්ව සභාවව වීමේ හිමිකම හැඟවීමටද භාවිතා කරති. ''කතෝලික සභාව'' යන පදයේ භාවිතය ඇරඹුණු, 2වන සියවස සිට කතෝලික සභාව, අනිකා අතර consistently මෙම නමින් තම සභාව අාමන්ත්‍රනය කළේය. වෙනත් කිතුණු සභා සමඟ ලේඛණ ඉදිරිපත් කරන අවස්ථා වලදි තම සභාව සුවිශේෂව ''කතෝලික සභාව'' ලෙස හෝ - එම සභා අතුරින් එක් පාර්ශවයක් මෙම නාමය භාවිතා කිරීමට විරුද්ධය පෙන්වූ විටක දී, සභාව ''රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව'' ලෙසත් තම සභාව නාමිකව හඳුන්වා දෙයි. For reasons of simplicity and clarity, the term ''Catholic Church'' is freely used within this article without suggesting acceptance of any claims thought to be implicit in that term, while ''Roman Catholic Church'' is used without endorsing the view that the Church in question is merely part of some larger ''Catholic Church''. Both terms are treated within this article simply as alternative names for the entire Church "which is governed by the successor of Peter and by the bishops in communion with him." :::''"කතෝලික" සහ "කතෝලික සභාව" යන පදයන්හි වෙනත් භාවිතයන් සඳහන් [[කතෝලික]] හා [[කතෝලික ධර්මය]] යන ලිපි බලන්න.''  ==සම්භවය සහ ඉතිහාසය== {{main|රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාවේ ඉතිහාසය}} {{තවදබලන්න|පාප් පදවියේ/පාප් සසුනේ (Papacy) ඉතිහාසය}} රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාවේ ඉතිහාසය ජේසුස් වහන්සේ සහ සාම්ප්‍රදානුකූලව පළමු පාප්වහන්සේ ලෙස සැලකෙන දොලොස් අපෝස්තුලු වරුන්ගේ නායකයාවන පේදුරු තුමා දක්වා දිවයයි. "කතෝලික සභාව" යන පදය ප්‍රථම වරට භාවිත වූයේ අන්තියෝක්හි ඉග්නේෂස් (Ignatius) තුමාගේ ලිපියකයවූ අතර, සමාන තත්වයේ පුද්ගලයන් අතර මූලිකයා තරාතිරමවත් ('first among equals' status) මුල්කාලයේ සිටම රෝමයේ පාප්තුමාට (See of Rome) හිමිවූ බව දක්වන සඳහන් කිහිපයක්ම අපට කතෝලික ලේඛකයන් පෙන්නුම් කර දෙති. ==අධෝලිපි== <div class="references-small"> <references /> </div> ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== *[http://www.vatican.va/ The Holy See — වතිකානු නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.archdioceseofcolombo.com/ කොළඹ අගරදගුරු පදවිය — කොළඹ අගරදගුරු පදවියේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.legion-of-mary.ie/ මරිය හමුදාව — මරිය හමුදා ජාත්‍යන්තර මධ්‍යස්ථානයේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.kithudanapubuduwa.net/ කිතුදන පුබුදුව — කිතුදන පුබුදුවේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] [[Category:කිතු දහම]] [[Category:ක්‍රිස්තියානි වර්ග]] [[Category:රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව|*]] {{Link FA|la}} [[af:Rooms-Katolieke Kerk]] [[ar:كاثوليكية]] [[frp:Égllése catolica romana]] [[ast:Ilesia Católica]] [[bs:Rimokatolička crkva]] [[br:Iliz katolik roman]] [[bg:Католичество]] [[ca:Església Catòlica Romana]] [[cs:Katolictví]] [[cy:Eglwys Gatholig Rufeinig]] [[da:Den romersk-katolske kirke]] [[pdc:Gedollisch]] [[de:Römisch-Katholische Kirche]] [[en:Roman Catholic Church]] [[et:Katoliku kirik]] [[es:Iglesia Católica]] [[fr:Église catholique romaine]] [[gl:Igrexa Católica Romana]] [[ko:가톨릭]] [[id:Gereja Katholik Roma]] [[it:Chiesa cattolica]] [[he:הכנסייה הקתולית]] [[ka:?????????? ???????]] [[kw:Eglos Katholik Romanek]] [[la:Ecclesia Catholica]] [[li:Roems-Kattelieke Kèrk]] [[hu:Római Katolikus Egyház]] [[ms:Gereja Roman Katolik]] [[nl:Rooms-Katholieke kerk]] [[ja:カトリック教会]] [[no:Den romersk-katolske kirke]] [[nrm:Égllise catholique]] [[ug:كاتولىك دىندارى]] [[nds:Röömsch-kathoolsche Kark]] [[pl:Kościół katolicki]] [[pt:Igreja Católica Romana]] [[ro:Romano-Catolicism]] [[ru:Римско-католическая Церковь]] [[scn:Chiesa Cattòlica Rumana]] [[simple:Roman Catholicism]] [[sl:Rimskokatoliška cerkev]] [[fi:Roomalais-katolinen kirkko]] [[sv:Romersk-katolska kyrkan]] [[tl:Simbahang Katoliko Romano]] [[vi:Giáo hội Công giáo Rôma]] [[tpi:Katolik]] [[zh:天主教]] 5744 2006-07-01T01:59:22Z Ruwan 82 රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව {{Portalpar|කිතු දහම|Cor-jesus.jpeg|35px}} {{කිතු දහම}} :''"කතෝලික සභාව" redirects here. For other uses of the term, see [[කතෝලික සභාව (disambiguation)]].''  රෝමානු '''කතෝලික සභාව''' හෙවත්/හෝ '''කතෝලික සභාව''', ලෝකයේ විශාලතම [[කිතු දහම|ක්‍රිස්තියානි]] [[Ecclesia (සභාවයි)|සභාවයි]]. සභාවේ ලෝක ව්‍යාප්ත ලේඛණ වලට අනුව, 2004 වසර අග, ලිඛිත ප්‍රකාශක සාමජිකත්වය 1,098,366,000 ලෙස <ref>''සභාවේ සංඛ්‍යාමය වාර්ෂික සංග්‍රහය / වාර්ෂිකය'' (Statistical Yearbook of the Church 2004 : ISBN 88-209-7817-2)</ref> තුළ පළවී තිබූ අතර, එම වසර තුළ ලෝක ජනගහණය 6,388,500,000 ලෙස එක්සත් ජාතින්ගේ සංවිධානය සඳහන් කර ඇත. එහෙයින් මෙය ලෝකයේ විශාලතම සංවිධානාත්මක අාගමික කණ්ඩායමය ලෙස සැලකිය හැක. මෙහි නායකත්වය රෝමයේ රදගුරු තුමා වන [[පාප් වහන්සේ]]ට දරන අතර, වර්තමානයේදී දරන්නේ [[XVIවන බෙනඩික්]]ට් [[ශුද්ධවූ]] පාප්තුමාටයි. The Church defines itself as "the Catholic Church, which is governed by the successor of [[Saint Peter|Peter]]" — i.e. the Pope — "and the bishops in [[Communion (Christian)|communion]] with him."<ref>''[[Lumen Gentium]]'', 8[http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_en.html]</ref> සියලු මිනිසුන්ගේ ගැලවීම/[[විමුක්තිය]] උදෙසා [[ජේසුස් ක්‍රිස්තුස්]] වහන්සේ විසින් සංස්ථාපිත [[එකම ශුද්ධවූ කතෝලික හා අපෝස්තලික සභාව|එකම, ශුද්ධවූ, කතෝලික හා අපෝස්තලික සභාව]]("සභාවේ සතර සලකුණු"), තම සභාව ලෙස ශුද්ධවූ සභාව උගන්වයි.  ==පාරිභාෂිතය==  [[Image:San Pietro Basilica.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[වතිකානු නගරය|වතිකානුවේ]] [[ශුද්ධවූ පේදුරුතුමාගේ බැසිලිකාව]] ඉදිරිපිට ඇති [[දොළොස් අපෝස්තල්වරුන්|දොළොස් අපෝස්තල්වරුන්ගේ]] නායකයා වූ [[ශුද්ධවු පේදුරු තුමා|ශුද්ධවු පේදුරු තුමාගේ]] ප්‍රතිමාව . කතෝලික ජනතාව [[පාප්තුමා|පාප්තුමාව]] සලකන්නේ අපෝස්තලතුමාගෙන් පසුව පදවිය ලැබූ තැනැත්තා ලෙසයි.]] ''කතෝලික'' (catholic) යන පදය පැවත එන්නේ [[ග්‍රීක භාෂාවේ|ග්‍රීක]] ''καθολικός'' විශේෂණයෙන් වන අතර, එහි අර්ථය වන ''විශ්ව'' (universal); තම නම සඳහා මෙම වචනය භාවිතා කරන කිතු සභා, ක්‍රිස්තුස් වහන්සේ විසින් සංස්ථාපිත එකම විශ්ව සභාවව වීමේ හිමිකම හැඟවීමටද භාවිතා කරති. ''කතෝලික සභාව'' යන පදයේ භාවිතය ඇරඹුණු, 2වන සියවස සිට කතෝලික සභාව, අනිකා අතර consistently මෙම නමින් තම සභාව අාමන්ත්‍රනය කළේය. වෙනත් කිතුණු සභා සමඟ ලේඛණ ඉදිරිපත් කරන අවස්ථා වලදි තම සභාව සුවිශේෂව ''කතෝලික සභාව'' ලෙස හෝ - එම සභා අතුරින් එක් පාර්ශවයක් මෙම නාමය භාවිතා කිරීමට විරුද්ධය පෙන්වූ විටක දී, සභාව ''රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව'' ලෙසත් තම සභාව නාමිකව හඳුන්වා දෙයි. For reasons of simplicity and clarity, the term ''Catholic Church'' is freely used within this article without suggesting acceptance of any claims thought to be implicit in that term, while ''Roman Catholic Church'' is used without endorsing the view that the Church in question is merely part of some larger ''Catholic Church''. Both terms are treated within this article simply as alternative names for the entire Church "which is governed by the successor of Peter and by the bishops in communion with him." :::''"කතෝලික" සහ "කතෝලික සභාව" යන පදයන්හි වෙනත් භාවිතයන් සඳහන් [[කතෝලික]] හා [[කතෝලික ධර්මය]] යන ලිපි බලන්න.''  ==සම්භවය සහ ඉතිහාසය== {{main|රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාවේ ඉතිහාසය}} {{තවදබලන්න|පාප් පදවියේ/පාප් සසුනේ (Papacy) ඉතිහාසය}} රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාවේ ඉතිහාසය ජේසුස් වහන්සේ සහ සාම්ප්‍රදානුකූලව පළමු පාප්වහන්සේ ලෙස සැලකෙන දොලොස් අපෝස්තුලු වරුන්ගේ නායකයාවන පේදුරු තුමා දක්වා දිවයයි. "කතෝලික සභාව" යන පදය ප්‍රථම වරට භාවිත වූයේ අන්තියෝක්හි ඉග්නේෂස් (Ignatius) තුමාගේ ලිපියකයවූ අතර, සමාන තත්වයේ පුද්ගලයන් අතර මූලිකයා තරාතිරමවත් ('first among equals' status) මුල්කාලයේ සිටම රෝමයේ පාප්තුමාට (See of Rome) හිමිවූ බව දක්වන සඳහන් කිහිපයක්ම අපට කතෝලික ලේඛකයන් පෙන්නුම් කර දෙති. ==තවද බලන්න==  ==අධෝලිපි== <div class="references-small"> <references /> </div> ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== *[http://www.vatican.va/ The Holy See — වතිකානු නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.archdioceseofcolombo.com/ කොළඹ අගරදගුරු පදවිය — කොළඹ අගරදගුරු පදවියේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.legion-of-mary.ie/ මරිය හමුදාව — මරිය හමුදා ජාත්‍යන්තර මධ්‍යස්ථානයේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.kithudanapubuduwa.net/ කිතුදන පුබුදුව — කිතුදන පුබුදුවේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] [[Category:කිතු දහම]] [[Category:ක්‍රිස්තියානි වර්ග]] [[Category:රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව|*]] {{Link FA|la}} [[af:Rooms-Katolieke Kerk]] [[ar:كاثوليكية]] [[frp:Égllése catolica romana]] [[ast:Ilesia Católica]] [[bs:Rimokatolička crkva]] [[br:Iliz katolik roman]] [[bg:Католичество]] [[ca:Església Catòlica Romana]] [[cs:Katolictví]] [[cy:Eglwys Gatholig Rufeinig]] [[da:Den romersk-katolske kirke]] [[pdc:Gedollisch]] [[de:Römisch-Katholische Kirche]] [[en:Roman Catholic Church]] [[et:Katoliku kirik]] [[es:Iglesia Católica]] [[fr:Église catholique romaine]] [[gl:Igrexa Católica Romana]] [[ko:가톨릭]] [[id:Gereja Katholik Roma]] [[it:Chiesa cattolica]] [[he:הכנסייה הקתולית]] [[ka:?????????? ???????]] [[kw:Eglos Katholik Romanek]] [[la:Ecclesia Catholica]] [[li:Roems-Kattelieke Kèrk]] [[hu:Római Katolikus Egyház]] [[ms:Gereja Roman Katolik]] [[nl:Rooms-Katholieke kerk]] [[ja:カトリック教会]] [[no:Den romersk-katolske kirke]] [[nrm:Égllise catholique]] [[ug:كاتولىك دىندارى]] [[nds:Röömsch-kathoolsche Kark]] [[pl:Kościół katolicki]] [[pt:Igreja Católica Romana]] [[ro:Romano-Catolicism]] [[ru:Римско-католическая Церковь]] [[scn:Chiesa Cattòlica Rumana]] [[simple:Roman Catholicism]] [[sl:Rimskokatoliška cerkev]] [[fi:Roomalais-katolinen kirkko]] [[sv:Romersk-katolska kyrkan]] [[tl:Simbahang Katoliko Romano]] [[vi:Giáo hội Công giáo Rôma]] [[tpi:Katolik]] [[zh:天主教]] 5745 2006-07-01T02:30:22Z Ruwan 82 රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව {{Portalpar|කිතු දහම|Cor-jesus.jpeg|35px}} {{කිතු දහම}} :''"කතෝලික සභාව" redirects here. For other uses of the term, see [[කතෝලික සභාව (disambiguation)]].''  රෝමානු '''කතෝලික සභාව''' හෙවත්/හෝ '''කතෝලික සභාව''', ලෝකයේ විශාලතම [[කිතු දහම|ක්‍රිස්තියානි]] [[Ecclesia (සභාවයි)|සභාවයි]]. සභාවේ ලෝක ව්‍යාප්ත ලේඛණ වලට අනුව, 2004 වසර අග, ලිඛිත ප්‍රකාශක සාමජිකත්වය 1,098,366,000 ලෙස <ref>''සභාවේ සංඛ්‍යාමය වාර්ෂික සංග්‍රහය / වාර්ෂිකය'' (Statistical Yearbook of the Church 2004 : ISBN 88-209-7817-2)</ref> තුළ පළවී තිබූ අතර, එම වසර තුළ ලෝක ජනගහණය 6,388,500,000 ලෙස එක්සත් ජාතින්ගේ සංවිධානය සඳහන් කර ඇත. එහෙයින් මෙය ලෝකයේ විශාලතම සංවිධානාත්මක අාගමික කණ්ඩායමය ලෙස සැලකිය හැක. මෙහි නායකත්වය රෝමයේ රදගුරු තුමා වන [[පාප් වහන්සේ]]ට දරන අතර, වර්තමානයේදී දරන්නේ [[XVIවන බෙනඩික්]]ට් [[ශුද්ධවූ]] පාප්තුමාටයි. The Church defines itself as "the Catholic Church, which is governed by the successor of [[Saint Peter|Peter]]" — i.e. the Pope — "and the bishops in [[Communion (Christian)|communion]] with him."<ref>''[[Lumen Gentium]]'', 8[http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_en.html]</ref> සියලු මිනිසුන්ගේ ගැලවීම/[[විමුක්තිය]] උදෙසා [[ජේසුස් ක්‍රිස්තුස්]] වහන්සේ විසින් සංස්ථාපිත [[එකම ශුද්ධවූ කතෝලික හා අපෝස්තලික සභාව|එකම, ශුද්ධවූ, කතෝලික හා අපෝස්තලික සභාව]]("සභාවේ සතර සලකුණු"), තම සභාව ලෙස ශුද්ධවූ සභාව උගන්වයි.  ==පාරිභාෂිතය==  [[Image:San Pietro Basilica.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[වතිකානු නගරය|වතිකානුවේ]] [[ශුද්ධවූ පේදුරුතුමාගේ බැසිලිකාව]] ඉදිරිපිට ඇති [[දොළොස් අපෝස්තල්වරුන්|දොළොස් අපෝස්තල්වරුන්ගේ]] නායකයා වූ [[ශුද්ධවු පේදුරු තුමා|ශුද්ධවු පේදුරු තුමාගේ]] ප්‍රතිමාව . කතෝලික ජනතාව [[පාප්තුමා|පාප්තුමාව]] සලකන්නේ අපෝස්තලතුමාගෙන් පසුව පදවිය ලැබූ තැනැත්තා ලෙසයි.]] ''කතෝලික'' (catholic) යන පදය පැවත එන්නේ [[ග්‍රීක භාෂාවේ|ග්‍රීක]] ''καθολικός'' විශේෂණයෙන් වන අතර, එහි අර්ථය වන ''විශ්ව'' (universal); තම නම සඳහා මෙම වචනය භාවිතා කරන කිතු සභා, ක්‍රිස්තුස් වහන්සේ විසින් සංස්ථාපිත එකම විශ්ව සභාවව වීමේ හිමිකම හැඟවීමටද භාවිතා කරති. ''කතෝලික සභාව'' යන පදයේ භාවිතය ඇරඹුණු, 2වන සියවස සිට කතෝලික සභාව, අනිකා අතර consistently මෙම නමින් තම සභාව අාමන්ත්‍රනය කළේය. වෙනත් කිතුණු සභා සමඟ ලේඛණ ඉදිරිපත් කරන අවස්ථා වලදි තම සභාව සුවිශේෂව ''කතෝලික සභාව'' ලෙස හෝ - එම සභා අතුරින් එක් පාර්ශවයක් මෙම නාමය භාවිතා කිරීමට විරුද්ධය පෙන්වූ විටක දී, සභාව ''රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව'' ලෙසත් තම සභාව නාමිකව හඳුන්වා දෙයි. For reasons of simplicity and clarity, the term ''Catholic Church'' is freely used within this article without suggesting acceptance of any claims thought to be implicit in that term, while ''Roman Catholic Church'' is used without endorsing the view that the Church in question is merely part of some larger ''Catholic Church''. Both terms are treated within this article simply as alternative names for the entire Church "which is governed by the successor of Peter and by the bishops in communion with him." :::''"කතෝලික" සහ "කතෝලික සභාව" යන පදයන්හි වෙනත් භාවිතයන් සඳහන් [[කතෝලික]] හා [[කතෝලික ධර්මය]] යන ලිපි බලන්න.''  ==සම්භවය සහ ඉතිහාසය== {{main|රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාවේ ඉතිහාසය}} {{තවදබලන්න|පාප් පදවියේ/පාප් සසුනේ (Papacy) ඉතිහාසය}} රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාවේ ඉතිහාසය ජේසුස් වහන්සේ සහ සාම්ප්‍රදානුකූලව පළමු පාප්වහන්සේ ලෙස සැලකෙන දොලොස් අපෝස්තුලු වරුන්ගේ නායකයාවන පේදුරු තුමා දක්වා දිවයයි. "කතෝලික සභාව" යන පදය ප්‍රථම වරට භාවිත වූයේ අන්තියෝක්හි ඉග්නේෂස් (Ignatius) තුමාගේ ලිපියකයවූ අතර, සමාන තත්වයේ පුද්ගලයන් අතර මූලිකයා තරාතිරමවත් ('first among equals' status) මුල්කාලයේ සිටම රෝමයේ පාප්තුමාට (See of Rome) හිමිවූ බව දක්වන සඳහන් කිහිපයක්ම අපට කතෝලික ලේඛකයන් පෙන්නුම් කර දෙති. ==තවද බලන්න== *[[:Category:රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව|කතෝලික සභාව ගැන වෙනත් ලිපි]]  ==අධෝලිපි== <div class="references-small"> <references /> </div> ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== *[http://www.vatican.va/ The Holy See — වතිකානු නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.archdioceseofcolombo.com/ කොළඹ අගරදගුරු පදවිය — කොළඹ අගරදගුරු පදවියේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.legion-of-mary.ie/ මරිය හමුදාව — මරිය හමුදා ජාත්‍යන්තර මධ්‍යස්ථානයේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.kithudanapubuduwa.net/ කිතුදන පුබුදුව — කිතුදන පුබුදුවේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] [[Category:කිතු දහම]] [[Category:ක්‍රිස්තියානි වර්ග]] [[Category:රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව|*]] {{Link FA|la}} [[af:Rooms-Katolieke Kerk]] [[ar:كاثوليكية]] [[frp:Égllése catolica romana]] [[ast:Ilesia Católica]] [[bs:Rimokatolička crkva]] [[br:Iliz katolik roman]] [[bg:Католичество]] [[ca:Església Catòlica Romana]] [[cs:Katolictví]] [[cy:Eglwys Gatholig Rufeinig]] [[da:Den romersk-katolske kirke]] [[pdc:Gedollisch]] [[de:Römisch-Katholische Kirche]] [[en:Roman Catholic Church]] [[et:Katoliku kirik]] [[es:Iglesia Católica]] [[fr:Église catholique romaine]] [[gl:Igrexa Católica Romana]] [[ko:가톨릭]] [[id:Gereja Katholik Roma]] [[it:Chiesa cattolica]] [[he:הכנסייה הקתולית]] [[ka:?????????? ???????]] [[kw:Eglos Katholik Romanek]] [[la:Ecclesia Catholica]] [[li:Roems-Kattelieke Kèrk]] [[hu:Római Katolikus Egyház]] [[ms:Gereja Roman Katolik]] [[nl:Rooms-Katholieke kerk]] [[ja:カトリック教会]] [[no:Den romersk-katolske kirke]] [[nrm:Égllise catholique]] [[ug:كاتولىك دىندارى]] [[nds:Röömsch-kathoolsche Kark]] [[pl:Kościół katolicki]] [[pt:Igreja Católica Romana]] [[ro:Romano-Catolicism]] [[ru:Римско-католическая Церковь]] [[scn:Chiesa Cattòlica Rumana]] [[simple:Roman Catholicism]] [[sl:Rimskokatoliška cerkev]] [[fi:Roomalais-katolinen kirkko]] [[sv:Romersk-katolska kyrkan]] [[tl:Simbahang Katoliko Romano]] [[vi:Giáo hội Công giáo Rôma]] [[tpi:Katolik]] [[zh:天主教]] 5747 2006-07-01T04:13:11Z Ruwan 82 රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව {{Portalpar|කිතු දහම|Cor-jesus.jpeg|35px}} {{කිතු දහම}} :''"කතෝලික සභාව" redirects here. For other uses of the term, see [[කතෝලික සභාව (disambiguation)]].''  රෝමානු '''කතෝලික සභාව''' හෙවත්/හෝ '''කතෝලික සභාව''', ලෝකයේ විශාලතම [[කිතු දහම|ක්‍රිස්තියානි]] [[Ecclesia (සභාවයි)|සභාවයි]]. සභාවේ ලෝක ව්‍යාප්ත ලේඛණ වලට අනුව, 2004 වසර අග, ලිඛිත ප්‍රකාශක සාමජිකත්වය 1,098,366,000 ලෙස <ref>''සභාවේ සංඛ්‍යාමය වාර්ෂික සංග්‍රහය / වාර්ෂිකය'' (Statistical Yearbook of the Church 2004 : ISBN 88-209-7817-2)</ref> තුළ පළවී තිබූ අතර, එම වසර තුළ ලෝක ජනගහණය 6,388,500,000 ලෙස එක්සත් ජාතින්ගේ සංවිධානය සඳහන් කර ඇත. එහෙයින් මෙය ලෝකයේ විශාලතම සංවිධානාත්මක අාගමික කණ්ඩායමය ලෙස සැලකිය හැක. මෙහි නායකත්වය රෝමයේ රදගුරු තුමා වන [[පාප් වහන්සේ]]ට දරන අතර, වර්තමානයේදී දරන්නේ [[XVIවන බෙනඩික්]]ට් [[ශුද්ධවූ]] පාප්තුමාටයි. The Church defines itself as "the Catholic Church, which is governed by the successor of [[Saint Peter|Peter]]" — i.e. the Pope — "and the bishops in [[Communion (Christian)|communion]] with him."<ref>''[[Lumen Gentium]]'', 8[http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_en.html]</ref> සියලු මිනිසුන්ගේ ගැලවීම/[[විමුක්තිය]] උදෙසා [[ජේසුස් ක්‍රිස්තුස්]] වහන්සේ විසින් සංස්ථාපිත [[එකම ශුද්ධවූ කතෝලික හා අපෝස්තලික සභාව|එකම, ශුද්ධවූ, කතෝලික හා අපෝස්තලික සභාව]]("සභාවේ සතර සලකුණු"), තම සභාව ලෙස ශුද්ධවූ සභාව උගන්වයි.  ==පාරිභාෂිතය==  [[Image:San Pietro Basilica.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[වතිකානු නගරය|වතිකානුවේ]] [[ශුද්ධවූ පේදුරුතුමාගේ බැසිලිකාව]] ඉදිරිපිට ඇති [[දොළොස් අපෝස්තල්වරුන්|දොළොස් අපෝස්තල්වරුන්ගේ]] නායකයා වූ [[ශුද්ධවු පේදුරු තුමා|ශුද්ධවු පේදුරු තුමාගේ]] ප්‍රතිමාව . කතෝලික ජනතාව [[පාප්තුමා|පාප්තුමාව]] සලකන්නේ අපෝස්තලතුමාගෙන් පසුව පදවිය ලැබූ තැනැත්තා ලෙසයි.]] ''කතෝලික'' (catholic) යන පදය පැවත එන්නේ [[ග්‍රීක භාෂාවේ|ග්‍රීක]] ''καθολικός'' විශේෂණයෙන් වන අතර, එහි අර්ථය වන ''විශ්ව'' (universal); තම නම සඳහා මෙම වචනය භාවිතා කරන කිතු සභා, ක්‍රිස්තුස් වහන්සේ විසින් සංස්ථාපිත එකම විශ්ව සභාවව වීමේ හිමිකම හැඟවීමටද භාවිතා කරති. ''කතෝලික සභාව'' යන පදයේ භාවිතය ඇරඹුණු, 2වන සියවස සිට කතෝලික සභාව, අනිකා අතර consistently මෙම නමින් තම සභාව අාමන්ත්‍රනය කළේය. වෙනත් කිතුණු සභා සමඟ ලේඛණ ඉදිරිපත් කරන අවස්ථා වලදි තම සභාව සුවිශේෂව ''කතෝලික සභාව'' ලෙස හෝ - එම සභා අතුරින් එක් පාර්ශවයක් මෙම නාමය භාවිතා කිරීමට විරුද්ධය පෙන්වූ විටක දී, සභාව ''රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව'' ලෙසත් තම සභාව නාමිකව හඳුන්වා දෙයි. For reasons of simplicity and clarity, the term ''Catholic Church'' is freely used within this article without suggesting acceptance of any claims thought to be implicit in that term, while ''Roman Catholic Church'' is used without endorsing the view that the Church in question is merely part of some larger ''Catholic Church''. Both terms are treated within this article simply as alternative names for the entire Church "which is governed by the successor of Peter and by the bishops in communion with him." :::''"කතෝලික" සහ "කතෝලික සභාව" යන පදයන්හි වෙනත් භාවිතයන් සඳහන් [[කතෝලික]] හා [[කතෝලික ධර්මය]] යන ලිපි බලන්න.''  ==සම්භවය සහ ඉතිහාසය== {{main|රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාවේ ඉතිහාසය}} {{තවදබලන්න|පාප් පදවියේ/පාප් සසුනේ (Papacy) ඉතිහාසය}} රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාවේ ඉතිහාසය ජේසුස් වහන්සේ සහ සාම්ප්‍රදානුකූලව පළමු පාප්වහන්සේ ලෙස සැලකෙන දොලොස් අපෝස්තුලු වරුන්ගේ නායකයාවන පේදුරු තුමා දක්වා දිවයයි. "කතෝලික සභාව" යන පදය ප්‍රථම වරට භාවිත වූයේ අන්තියෝක්හි ඉග්නේෂස් (Ignatius) තුමාගේ ලිපියකයවූ අතර, සමාන තත්වයේ පුද්ගලයන් අතර මූලිකයා තරාතිරමවත් ('first among equals' status) මුල්කාලයේ සිටම රෝමයේ පාප්තුමාට (See of Rome) හිමිවූ බව දක්වන සඳහන් කිහිපයක්ම අපට කතෝලික ලේඛකයන් පෙන්නුම් කර දෙති. ==තවද බලන්න== *[[:Category:රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව|කතෝලික සභාව ගැන වෙනත් ලිපි]]  *[[රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාවේ ඉතිහාසය]]  *[[කතෝලික ධර්මය]]  *[[කිතු දහම]]  ==අධෝලිපි== <div class="references-small"> <references /> </div> ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== *[http://www.vatican.va/ The Holy See — වතිකානු නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.archdioceseofcolombo.com/ කොළඹ අගරදගුරු පදවිය — කොළඹ අගරදගුරු පදවියේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.legion-of-mary.ie/ මරිය හමුදාව — මරිය හමුදා ජාත්‍යන්තර මධ්‍යස්ථානයේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.kithudanapubuduwa.net/ කිතුදන පුබුදුව — කිතුදන පුබුදුවේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] [[Category:කිතු දහම]] [[Category:ක්‍රිස්තියානි වර්ග]] [[Category:රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව|*]] {{Link FA|la}} [[af:Rooms-Katolieke Kerk]] [[ar:كاثوليكية]] [[frp:Égllése catolica romana]] [[ast:Ilesia Católica]] [[bs:Rimokatolička crkva]] [[br:Iliz katolik roman]] [[bg:Католичество]] [[ca:Església Catòlica Romana]] [[cs:Katolictví]] [[cy:Eglwys Gatholig Rufeinig]] [[da:Den romersk-katolske kirke]] [[pdc:Gedollisch]] [[de:Römisch-Katholische Kirche]] [[en:Roman Catholic Church]] [[et:Katoliku kirik]] [[es:Iglesia Católica]] [[fr:Église catholique romaine]] [[gl:Igrexa Católica Romana]] [[ko:가톨릭]] [[id:Gereja Katholik Roma]] [[it:Chiesa cattolica]] [[he:הכנסייה הקתולית]] [[ka:?????????? ???????]] [[kw:Eglos Katholik Romanek]] [[la:Ecclesia Catholica]] [[li:Roems-Kattelieke Kèrk]] [[hu:Római Katolikus Egyház]] [[ms:Gereja Roman Katolik]] [[nl:Rooms-Katholieke kerk]] [[ja:カトリック教会]] [[no:Den romersk-katolske kirke]] [[nrm:Égllise catholique]] [[ug:كاتولىك دىندارى]] [[nds:Röömsch-kathoolsche Kark]] [[pl:Kościół katolicki]] [[pt:Igreja Católica Romana]] [[ro:Romano-Catolicism]] [[ru:Римско-католическая Церковь]] [[scn:Chiesa Cattòlica Rumana]] [[simple:Roman Catholicism]] [[sl:Rimskokatoliška cerkev]] [[fi:Roomalais-katolinen kirkko]] [[sv:Romersk-katolska kyrkan]] [[tl:Simbahang Katoliko Romano]] [[vi:Giáo hội Công giáo Rôma]] [[tpi:Katolik]] [[zh:天主教]] 5748 2006-07-01T04:54:21Z Ruwan 82 රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව {{Portalpar|කිතු දහම|Cor-jesus.jpeg|35px}} {{කිතු දහම}} :''"කතෝලික සභාව" redirects here. For other uses of the term, see [[කතෝලික සභාව (disambiguation)]].''  රෝමානු '''කතෝලික සභාව''' හෙවත්/හෝ '''කතෝලික සභාව''', ලෝකයේ විශාලතම [[කිතු දහම|ක්‍රිස්තියානි]] [[Ecclesia (සභාවයි)|සභාවයි]]. සභාවේ ලෝක ව්‍යාප්ත ලේඛණ වලට අනුව, 2004 වසර අග, ලිඛිත ප්‍රකාශක සාමජිකත්වය 1,098,366,000 ලෙස <ref>''සභාවේ සංඛ්‍යාමය වාර්ෂික සංග්‍රහය / වාර්ෂිකය'' (Statistical Yearbook of the Church 2004 : ISBN 88-209-7817-2)</ref> තුළ පළවී තිබූ අතර, එම වසර තුළ ලෝක ජනගහණය 6,388,500,000 ලෙස එක්සත් ජාතින්ගේ සංවිධානය සඳහන් කර ඇත. එහෙයින් මෙය ලෝකයේ විශාලතම සංවිධානාත්මක අාගමික කණ්ඩායමය ලෙස සැලකිය හැක. මෙහි නායකත්වය රෝමයේ රදගුරු තුමා වන [[පාප් වහන්සේ]]ට දරන අතර, වර්තමානයේදී දරන්නේ [[XVIවන බෙනඩික්]]ට් [[ශුද්ධවූ]] පාප්තුමාටයි. The Church defines itself as "the Catholic Church, which is governed by the successor of [[Saint Peter|Peter]]" — i.e. the Pope — "and the bishops in [[Communion (Christian)|communion]] with him."<ref>''[[Lumen Gentium]]'', 8[http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_en.html]</ref> සියලු මිනිසුන්ගේ ගැලවීම/[[විමුක්තිය]] උදෙසා [[ජේසුස් ක්‍රිස්තුස්]] වහන්සේ විසින් සංස්ථාපිත [[එකම ශුද්ධවූ කතෝලික හා අපෝස්තලික සභාව|එකම, ශුද්ධවූ, කතෝලික හා අපෝස්තලික සභාව]]("සභාවේ සතර සලකුණු"), තම සභාව ලෙස ශුද්ධවූ සභාව උගන්වයි.  ==පාරිභාෂිතය==  [[Image:San Pietro Basilica.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[වතිකානු නගරය|වතිකානුවේ]] [[ශුද්ධවූ පේදුරුතුමාගේ බැසිලිකාව]] ඉදිරිපිට ඇති [[දොළොස් අපෝස්තල්වරුන්|දොළොස් අපෝස්තල්වරුන්ගේ]] නායකයා වූ [[ශුද්ධවු පේදුරු තුමා|ශුද්ධවු පේදුරු තුමාගේ]] ප්‍රතිමාව . කතෝලික ජනතාව [[පාප්තුමා|පාප්තුමාව]] සලකන්නේ අපෝස්තලතුමාගෙන් පසුව පදවිය ලැබූ තැනැත්තා ලෙසයි.]] ''කතෝලික'' (catholic) යන පදය පැවත එන්නේ [[ග්‍රීක භාෂාවේ|ග්‍රීක]] ''καθολικός'' විශේෂණයෙන් වන අතර, එහි අර්ථය වන ''විශ්ව'' (universal); තම නම සඳහා මෙම වචනය භාවිතා කරන කිතු සභා, ක්‍රිස්තුස් වහන්සේ විසින් සංස්ථාපිත එකම විශ්ව සභාවව වීමේ හිමිකම හැඟවීමටද භාවිතා කරති. ''කතෝලික සභාව'' යන පදයේ භාවිතය ඇරඹුණු, 2වන සියවස සිට කතෝලික සභාව, අනිකා අතර consistently මෙම නමින් තම සභාව අාමන්ත්‍රනය කළේය. වෙනත් කිතුණු සභා සමඟ ලේඛණ ඉදිරිපත් කරන අවස්ථා වලදි තම සභාව සුවිශේෂව ''කතෝලික සභාව'' ලෙස හෝ - එම සභා අතුරින් එක් පාර්ශවයක් මෙම නාමය භාවිතා කිරීමට විරුද්ධය පෙන්වූ විටක දී, සභාව ''රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව'' ලෙසත් තම සභාව නාමිකව හඳුන්වා දෙයි. For reasons of simplicity and clarity, the term ''Catholic Church'' is freely used within this article without suggesting acceptance of any claims thought to be implicit in that term, while ''Roman Catholic Church'' is used without endorsing the view that the Church in question is merely part of some larger ''Catholic Church''. Both terms are treated within this article simply as alternative names for the entire Church "which is governed by the successor of Peter and by the bishops in communion with him." :::''"කතෝලික" සහ "කතෝලික සභාව" යන පදයන්හි වෙනත් භාවිතයන් සඳහන් [[කතෝලික]] හා [[කතෝලික ධර්මය]] යන ලිපි බලන්න.''  ==සම්භවය සහ ඉතිහාසය== {{main|රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාවේ ඉතිහාසය}} {{තවදබලන්න|පාප් පදවියේ/පාප් සසුනේ (Papacy) ඉතිහාසය}} රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාවේ ඉතිහාසය ජේසුස් වහන්සේ සහ සාම්ප්‍රදානුකූලව පළමු පාප්වහන්සේ ලෙස සැලකෙන දොලොස් අපෝස්තුලු වරුන්ගේ නායකයාවන පේදුරු තුමා දක්වා දිවයයි. "කතෝලික සභාව" යන පදය ප්‍රථම වරට භාවිත වූයේ අන්තියෝක්හි ඉග්නේෂස් (Ignatius) තුමාගේ ලිපියකයවූ අතර, සමාන තත්වයේ පුද්ගලයන් අතර මූලිකයා තරාතිරමවත් ('first among equals' status) මුල්කාලයේ සිටම රෝමයේ පාප්තුමාට (See of Rome) හිමිවූ බව දක්වන සඳහන් කිහිපයක්ම අපට කතෝලික ලේඛකයන් පෙන්නුම් කර දෙති. ==තවද බලන්න== *[[:Category:රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව|කතෝලික සභාව ගැන වෙනත් ලිපි]]  *[[රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාවේ ඉතිහාසය]]  *[[කතෝලික ධර්මය]]  *[[කිතු දහම]]  *[[කතෝලික ගිහි සමිත/ිසමාජ]]  ==අධෝලිපි== <div class="references-small"> <references /> </div> ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== *[http://www.vatican.va/ The Holy See — වතිකානු නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.archdioceseofcolombo.com/ කොළඹ අගරදගුරු පදවිය — කොළඹ අගරදගුරු පදවියේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.legion-of-mary.ie/ මරිය හමුදාව — මරිය හමුදා ජාත්‍යන්තර මධ්‍යස්ථානයේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.kithudanapubuduwa.net/ කිතුදන පුබුදුව — කිතුදන පුබුදුවේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] [[Category:කිතු දහම]] [[Category:ක්‍රිස්තියානි වර්ග]] [[Category:රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව|*]] {{Link FA|la}} [[af:Rooms-Katolieke Kerk]] [[ar:كاثوليكية]] [[frp:Égllése catolica romana]] [[ast:Ilesia Católica]] [[bs:Rimokatolička crkva]] [[br:Iliz katolik roman]] [[bg:Католичество]] [[ca:Església Catòlica Romana]] [[cs:Katolictví]] [[cy:Eglwys Gatholig Rufeinig]] [[da:Den romersk-katolske kirke]] [[pdc:Gedollisch]] [[de:Römisch-Katholische Kirche]] [[en:Roman Catholic Church]] [[et:Katoliku kirik]] [[es:Iglesia Católica]] [[fr:Église catholique romaine]] [[gl:Igrexa Católica Romana]] [[ko:가톨릭]] [[id:Gereja Katholik Roma]] [[it:Chiesa cattolica]] [[he:הכנסייה הקתולית]] [[ka:?????????? ???????]] [[kw:Eglos Katholik Romanek]] [[la:Ecclesia Catholica]] [[li:Roems-Kattelieke Kèrk]] [[hu:Római Katolikus Egyház]] [[ms:Gereja Roman Katolik]] [[nl:Rooms-Katholieke kerk]] [[ja:カトリック教会]] [[no:Den romersk-katolske kirke]] [[nrm:Égllise catholique]] [[ug:كاتولىك دىندارى]] [[nds:Röömsch-kathoolsche Kark]] [[pl:Kościół katolicki]] [[pt:Igreja Católica Romana]] [[ro:Romano-Catolicism]] [[ru:Римско-католическая Церковь]] [[scn:Chiesa Cattòlica Rumana]] [[simple:Roman Catholicism]] [[sl:Rimskokatoliška cerkev]] [[fi:Roomalais-katolinen kirkko]] [[sv:Romersk-katolska kyrkan]] [[tl:Simbahang Katoliko Romano]] [[vi:Giáo hội Công giáo Rôma]] [[tpi:Katolik]] [[zh:天主教]] 5751 2006-07-01T05:53:12Z Ruwan 82 රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව {{Portalpar|කිතු දහම|Cor-jesus.jpeg|35px}} {{කිතු දහම}} :''"කතෝලික සභාව" redirects here. For other uses of the term, see [[කතෝලික සභාව (disambiguation)]].''  රෝමානු '''කතෝලික සභාව''' හෙවත්/හෝ '''කතෝලික සභාව''', ලෝකයේ විශාලතම [[කිතු දහම|ක්‍රිස්තියානි]] [[Ecclesia (සභාවයි)|සභාවයි]]. සභාවේ ලෝක ව්‍යාප්ත ලේඛණ වලට අනුව, 2004 වසර අග, ලිඛිත ප්‍රකාශක සාමජිකත්වය 1,098,366,000 ලෙස <ref>''සභාවේ සංඛ්‍යාමය වාර්ෂික සංග්‍රහය / වාර්ෂිකය'' (Statistical Yearbook of the Church 2004 : ISBN 88-209-7817-2)</ref> තුළ පළවී තිබූ අතර, එම වසර තුළ ලෝක ජනගහණය 6,388,500,000 ලෙස එක්සත් ජාතින්ගේ සංවිධානය සඳහන් කර ඇත. එහෙයින් මෙය ලෝකයේ විශාලතම සංවිධානාත්මක අාගමික කණ්ඩායමය ලෙස සැලකිය හැක. මෙහි නායකත්වය රෝමයේ රදගුරු තුමා වන [[පාප් වහන්සේ]]ට දරන අතර, වර්තමානයේදී දරන්නේ [[XVIවන බෙනඩික්]]ට් [[ශුද්ධවූ]] පාප්තුමාටයි. The Church defines itself as "the Catholic Church, which is governed by the successor of [[Saint Peter|Peter]]" — i.e. the Pope — "and the bishops in [[Communion (Christian)|communion]] with him."<ref>''[[Lumen Gentium]]'', 8[http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_en.html]</ref> සියලු මිනිසුන්ගේ ගැලවීම/[[විමුක්තිය]] උදෙසා [[ජේසුස් ක්‍රිස්තුස්]] වහන්සේ විසින් සංස්ථාපිත [[එකම ශුද්ධවූ කතෝලික හා අපෝස්තලික සභාව|එකම, ශුද්ධවූ, කතෝලික හා අපෝස්තලික සභාව]]("සභාවේ සතර සලකුණු"), තම සභාව ලෙස ශුද්ධවූ සභාව උගන්වයි.  ==පාරිභාෂිතය==  [[Image:San Pietro Basilica.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[වතිකානු නගරය|වතිකානුවේ]] [[ශුද්ධවූ පේදුරුතුමාගේ බැසිලිකාව]] ඉදිරිපිට ඇති [[දොළොස් අපෝස්තල්වරුන්|දොළොස් අපෝස්තල්වරුන්ගේ]] නායකයා වූ [[ශුද්ධවු පේදුරු තුමා|ශුද්ධවු පේදුරු තුමාගේ]] ප්‍රතිමාව . කතෝලික ජනතාව [[පාප්තුමා|පාප්තුමාව]] සලකන්නේ අපෝස්තලතුමාගෙන් පසුව පදවිය ලැබූ තැනැත්තා ලෙසයි.]] ''කතෝලික'' (catholic) යන පදය පැවත එන්නේ [[ග්‍රීක භාෂාවේ|ග්‍රීක]] ''καθολικός'' විශේෂණයෙන් වන අතර, එහි අර්ථය වන ''විශ්ව'' (universal); තම නම සඳහා මෙම වචනය භාවිතා කරන කිතු සභා, ක්‍රිස්තුස් වහන්සේ විසින් සංස්ථාපිත එකම විශ්ව සභාවව වීමේ හිමිකම හැඟවීමටද භාවිතා කරති. ''කතෝලික සභාව'' යන පදයේ භාවිතය ඇරඹුණු, 2වන සියවස සිට කතෝලික සභාව, අනිකා අතර consistently මෙම නමින් තම සභාව අාමන්ත්‍රනය කළේය. වෙනත් කිතුණු සභා සමඟ ලේඛණ ඉදිරිපත් කරන අවස්ථා වලදි තම සභාව සුවිශේෂව ''කතෝලික සභාව'' ලෙස හෝ - එම සභා අතුරින් එක් පාර්ශවයක් මෙම නාමය භාවිතා කිරීමට විරුද්ධය පෙන්වූ විටක දී, සභාව ''රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව'' ලෙසත් තම සභාව නාමිකව හඳුන්වා දෙයි. For reasons of simplicity and clarity, the term ''Catholic Church'' is freely used within this article without suggesting acceptance of any claims thought to be implicit in that term, while ''Roman Catholic Church'' is used without endorsing the view that the Church in question is merely part of some larger ''Catholic Church''. Both terms are treated within this article simply as alternative names for the entire Church "which is governed by the successor of Peter and by the bishops in communion with him." :::''"කතෝලික" සහ "කතෝලික සභාව" යන පදයන්හි වෙනත් භාවිතයන් සඳහන් [[කතෝලික]] හා [[කතෝලික ධර්මය]] යන ලිපි බලන්න.''  ==සම්භවය සහ ඉතිහාසය== {{main|රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාවේ ඉතිහාසය}} {{තවදබලන්න|පාප් පදවියේ/පාප් සසුනේ (Papacy) ඉතිහාසය}} රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාවේ ඉතිහාසය ජේසුස් වහන්සේ සහ සාම්ප්‍රදානුකූලව පළමු පාප්වහන්සේ ලෙස සැලකෙන දොලොස් අපෝස්තුලු වරුන්ගේ නායකයාවන පේදුරු තුමා දක්වා දිවයයි. "කතෝලික සභාව" යන පදය ප්‍රථම වරට භාවිත වූයේ අන්තියෝක්හි ඉග්නේෂස් (Ignatius) තුමාගේ ලිපියකයවූ අතර, සමාන තත්වයේ පුද්ගලයන් අතර මූලිකයා තරාතිරමවත් ('first among equals' status) මුල්කාලයේ සිටම රෝමයේ පාප්තුමාට (See of Rome) හිමිවූ බව දක්වන සඳහන් කිහිපයක්ම අපට කතෝලික ලේඛකයන් පෙන්නුම් කර දෙති. ==තවද බලන්න== *[[:Category:රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව|කතෝලික සභාව ගැන වෙනත් ලිපි]]  *[[රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාවේ ඉතිහාසය]]  *[[කතෝලික ධර්මය]]  *[[කිතු දහම]]  *[[:Category:කතෝලික ගිහි සමිති/සංවිධාන]]  ==අධෝලිපි== <div class="references-small"> <references /> </div> ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== *[http://www.vatican.va/ The Holy See — වතිකානු නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.archdioceseofcolombo.com/ කොළඹ අගරදගුරු පදවිය — කොළඹ අගරදගුරු පදවියේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.legion-of-mary.ie/ මරිය හමුදාව — මරිය හමුදා ජාත්‍යන්තර මධ්‍යස්ථානයේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.kithudanapubuduwa.net/ කිතුදන පුබුදුව — කිතුදන පුබුදුවේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] [[Category:කිතු දහම]] [[Category:ක්‍රිස්තියානි වර්ග]] [[Category:රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව|*]] {{Link FA|la}} [[af:Rooms-Katolieke Kerk]] [[ar:كاثوليكية]] [[frp:Égllése catolica romana]] [[ast:Ilesia Católica]] [[bs:Rimokatolička crkva]] [[br:Iliz katolik roman]] [[bg:Католичество]] [[ca:Església Catòlica Romana]] [[cs:Katolictví]] [[cy:Eglwys Gatholig Rufeinig]] [[da:Den romersk-katolske kirke]] [[pdc:Gedollisch]] [[de:Römisch-Katholische Kirche]] [[en:Roman Catholic Church]] [[et:Katoliku kirik]] [[es:Iglesia Católica]] [[fr:Église catholique romaine]] [[gl:Igrexa Católica Romana]] [[ko:가톨릭]] [[id:Gereja Katholik Roma]] [[it:Chiesa cattolica]] [[he:הכנסייה הקתולית]] [[ka:?????????? ???????]] [[kw:Eglos Katholik Romanek]] [[la:Ecclesia Catholica]] [[li:Roems-Kattelieke Kèrk]] [[hu:Római Katolikus Egyház]] [[ms:Gereja Roman Katolik]] [[nl:Rooms-Katholieke kerk]] [[ja:カトリック教会]] [[no:Den romersk-katolske kirke]] [[nrm:Égllise catholique]] [[ug:كاتولىك دىندارى]] [[nds:Röömsch-kathoolsche Kark]] [[pl:Kościół katolicki]] [[pt:Igreja Católica Romana]] [[ro:Romano-Catolicism]] [[ru:Римско-католическая Церковь]] [[scn:Chiesa Cattòlica Rumana]] [[simple:Roman Catholicism]] [[sl:Rimskokatoliška cerkev]] [[fi:Roomalais-katolinen kirkko]] [[sv:Romersk-katolska kyrkan]] [[tl:Simbahang Katoliko Romano]] [[vi:Giáo hội Công giáo Rôma]] [[tpi:Katolik]] [[zh:天主教]] 5752 2006-07-01T05:58:22Z Ruwan 82 රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව {{Portalpar|කිතු දහම|Cor-jesus.jpeg|35px}} {{කිතු දහම}} :''"කතෝලික සභාව" redirects here. For other uses of the term, see [[කතෝලික සභාව (disambiguation)]].''  රෝමානු '''කතෝලික සභාව''' හෙවත්/හෝ '''කතෝලික සභාව''', ලෝකයේ විශාලතම [[කිතු දහම|ක්‍රිස්තියානි]] [[Ecclesia (සභාවයි)|සභාවයි]]. සභාවේ ලෝක ව්‍යාප්ත ලේඛණ වලට අනුව, 2004 වසර අග, ලිඛිත ප්‍රකාශක සාමජිකත්වය 1,098,366,000 ලෙස <ref>''සභාවේ සංඛ්‍යාමය වාර්ෂික සංග්‍රහය / වාර්ෂිකය'' (Statistical Yearbook of the Church 2004 : ISBN 88-209-7817-2)</ref> තුළ පළවී තිබූ අතර, එම වසර තුළ ලෝක ජනගහණය 6,388,500,000 ලෙස එක්සත් ජාතින්ගේ සංවිධානය සඳහන් කර ඇත. එහෙයින් මෙය ලෝකයේ විශාලතම සංවිධානාත්මක අාගමික කණ්ඩායමය ලෙස සැලකිය හැක. මෙහි නායකත්වය රෝමයේ රදගුරු තුමා වන [[පාප් වහන්සේ]]ට දරන අතර, වර්තමානයේදී දරන්නේ [[XVIවන බෙනඩික්]]ට් [[ශුද්ධවූ]] පාප්තුමාටයි. The Church defines itself as "the Catholic Church, which is governed by the successor of [[Saint Peter|Peter]]" — i.e. the Pope — "and the bishops in [[Communion (Christian)|communion]] with him."<ref>''[[Lumen Gentium]]'', 8[http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_en.html]</ref> සියලු මිනිසුන්ගේ ගැලවීම/[[විමුක්තිය]] උදෙසා [[ජේසුස් ක්‍රිස්තුස්]] වහන්සේ විසින් සංස්ථාපිත [[එකම ශුද්ධවූ කතෝලික හා අපෝස්තලික සභාව|එකම, ශුද්ධවූ, කතෝලික හා අපෝස්තලික සභාව]]("සභාවේ සතර සලකුණු"), තම සභාව ලෙස ශුද්ධවූ සභාව උගන්වයි.  ==පාරිභාෂිතය==  [[Image:San Pietro Basilica.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[වතිකානු නගරය|වතිකානුවේ]] [[ශුද්ධවූ පේදුරුතුමාගේ බැසිලිකාව]] ඉදිරිපිට ඇති [[දොළොස් අපෝස්තල්වරුන්|දොළොස් අපෝස්තල්වරුන්ගේ]] නායකයා වූ [[ශුද්ධවු පේදුරු තුමා|ශුද්ධවු පේදුරු තුමාගේ]] ප්‍රතිමාව . කතෝලික ජනතාව [[පාප්තුමා|පාප්තුමාව]] සලකන්නේ අපෝස්තලතුමාගෙන් පසුව පදවිය ලැබූ තැනැත්තා ලෙසයි.]] ''කතෝලික'' (catholic) යන පදය පැවත එන්නේ [[ග්‍රීක භාෂාවේ|ග්‍රීක]] ''καθολικός'' විශේෂණයෙන් වන අතර, එහි අර්ථය වන ''විශ්ව'' (universal); තම නම සඳහා මෙම වචනය භාවිතා කරන කිතු සභා, ක්‍රිස්තුස් වහන්සේ විසින් සංස්ථාපිත එකම විශ්ව සභාවව වීමේ හිමිකම හැඟවීමටද භාවිතා කරති. ''කතෝලික සභාව'' යන පදයේ භාවිතය ඇරඹුණු, 2වන සියවස සිට කතෝලික සභාව, අනිකා අතර consistently මෙම නමින් තම සභාව අාමන්ත්‍රනය කළේය. වෙනත් කිතුණු සභා සමඟ ලේඛණ ඉදිරිපත් කරන අවස්ථා වලදි තම සභාව සුවිශේෂව ''කතෝලික සභාව'' ලෙස හෝ - එම සභා අතුරින් එක් පාර්ශවයක් මෙම නාමය භාවිතා කිරීමට විරුද්ධය පෙන්වූ විටක දී, සභාව ''රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව'' ලෙසත් තම සභාව නාමිකව හඳුන්වා දෙයි. For reasons of simplicity and clarity, the term ''Catholic Church'' is freely used within this article without suggesting acceptance of any claims thought to be implicit in that term, while ''Roman Catholic Church'' is used without endorsing the view that the Church in question is merely part of some larger ''Catholic Church''. Both terms are treated within this article simply as alternative names for the entire Church "which is governed by the successor of Peter and by the bishops in communion with him." :::''"කතෝලික" සහ "කතෝලික සභාව" යන පදයන්හි වෙනත් භාවිතයන් සඳහන් [[කතෝලික]] හා [[කතෝලික ධර්මය]] යන ලිපි බලන්න.''  ==සම්භවය සහ ඉතිහාසය== {{main|රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාවේ ඉතිහාසය}} {{තවදබලන්න|පාප් පදවියේ/පාප් සසුනේ (Papacy) ඉතිහාසය}} රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාවේ ඉතිහාසය ජේසුස් වහන්සේ සහ සාම්ප්‍රදානුකූලව පළමු පාප්වහන්සේ ලෙස සැලකෙන දොලොස් අපෝස්තුලු වරුන්ගේ නායකයාවන පේදුරු තුමා දක්වා දිවයයි. "කතෝලික සභාව" යන පදය ප්‍රථම වරට භාවිත වූයේ අන්තියෝක්හි ඉග්නේෂස් (Ignatius) තුමාගේ ලිපියකයවූ අතර, සමාන තත්වයේ පුද්ගලයන් අතර මූලිකයා තරාතිරමවත් ('first among equals' status) මුල්කාලයේ සිටම රෝමයේ පාප්තුමාට (See of Rome) හිමිවූ බව දක්වන සඳහන් කිහිපයක්ම අපට කතෝලික ලේඛකයන් පෙන්නුම් කර දෙති. ==තවද බලන්න== *[[:Category:රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව|කතෝලික සභාව ගැන වෙනත් ලිපි]]  *[[රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාවේ ඉතිහාසය]]  *[[කතෝලික ධර්මය]]  *[[කිතු දහම]]  *[[:Category:කතෝලික ගිහි සමිති/සංවිධාන|කතෝලික ගිහි සමිති/සංවිධාන]]  ==අධෝලිපි== <div class="references-small"> <references /> </div> ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== *[http://www.vatican.va/ The Holy See — වතිකානු නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.archdioceseofcolombo.com/ කොළඹ අගරදගුරු පදවිය — කොළඹ අගරදගුරු පදවියේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.legion-of-mary.ie/ මරිය හමුදාව — මරිය හමුදා ජාත්‍යන්තර මධ්‍යස්ථානයේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.kithudanapubuduwa.net/ කිතුදන පුබුදුව — කිතුදන පුබුදුවේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] [[Category:කිතු දහම]] [[Category:ක්‍රිස්තියානි වර්ග]] [[Category:රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව|*]] {{Link FA|la}} [[af:Rooms-Katolieke Kerk]] [[ar:كاثوليكية]] [[frp:Égllése catolica romana]] [[ast:Ilesia Católica]] [[bs:Rimokatolička crkva]] [[br:Iliz katolik roman]] [[bg:Католичество]] [[ca:Església Catòlica Romana]] [[cs:Katolictví]] [[cy:Eglwys Gatholig Rufeinig]] [[da:Den romersk-katolske kirke]] [[pdc:Gedollisch]] [[de:Römisch-Katholische Kirche]] [[en:Roman Catholic Church]] [[et:Katoliku kirik]] [[es:Iglesia Católica]] [[fr:Église catholique romaine]] [[gl:Igrexa Católica Romana]] [[ko:가톨릭]] [[id:Gereja Katholik Roma]] [[it:Chiesa cattolica]] [[he:הכנסייה הקתולית]] [[ka:?????????? ???????]] [[kw:Eglos Katholik Romanek]] [[la:Ecclesia Catholica]] [[li:Roems-Kattelieke Kèrk]] [[hu:Római Katolikus Egyház]] [[ms:Gereja Roman Katolik]] [[nl:Rooms-Katholieke kerk]] [[ja:カトリック教会]] [[no:Den romersk-katolske kirke]] [[nrm:Égllise catholique]] [[ug:كاتولىك دىندارى]] [[nds:Röömsch-kathoolsche Kark]] [[pl:Kościół katolicki]] [[pt:Igreja Católica Romana]] [[ro:Romano-Catolicism]] [[ru:Римско-католическая Церковь]] [[scn:Chiesa Cattòlica Rumana]] [[simple:Roman Catholicism]] [[sl:Rimskokatoliška cerkev]] [[fi:Roomalais-katolinen kirkko]] [[sv:Romersk-katolska kyrkan]] [[tl:Simbahang Katoliko Romano]] [[vi:Giáo hội Công giáo Rôma]] [[tpi:Katolik]] [[zh:天主教]] 5932 2006-07-02T20:34:33Z Ruwan 82 රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව {{Portalpar|කිතු දහම|Cor-jesus.jpeg|35px}} {{කිතු දහම}} :''"කතෝලික සභාව" redirects here. For other uses of the term, see [[කතෝලික සභාව (disambiguation)]].''  රෝමානු '''කතෝලික සභාව''' හෙවත්/හෝ '''කතෝලික සභාව''', ලෝකයේ විශාලතම [[කිතු දහම|ක්‍රිස්තියානි]] [[Ecclesia (සභාවයි)|සභාවයි]]. සභාවේ ලෝක ව්‍යාප්ත ලේඛණ වලට අනුව, 2004 වසර අග, ලිඛිත ප්‍රකාශක සාමජිකත්වය 1,098,366,000 ලෙස <ref>''සභාවේ සංඛ්‍යාමය වාර්ෂික සංග්‍රහය / වාර්ෂිකය'' (Statistical Yearbook of the Church 2004 : ISBN 88-209-7817-2)</ref> තුළ පළවී තිබූ අතර, එම වසර තුළ ලෝක ජනගහණය 6,388,500,000 ලෙස එක්සත් ජාතින්ගේ සංවිධානය සඳහන් කර ඇත. එහෙයින් මෙය ලෝකයේ විශාලතම සංවිධානාත්මක අාගමික කණ්ඩායමය ලෙස සැලකිය හැක. මෙහි නායකත්වය රෝමයේ රදගුරු තුමා වන [[පාප් වහන්සේ]]ට දරන අතර, වර්තමානයේදී දරන්නේ [[XVIවන බෙනඩික්]]ට් [[ශුද්ධවූ]] පාප්තුමාටයි. The Church defines itself as "the Catholic Church, which is governed by the successor of [[Saint Peter|Peter]]" — i.e. the Pope — "and the bishops in [[Communion (Christian)|communion]] with him."<ref>''[[Lumen Gentium]]'', 8[http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_en.html]</ref> සියලු මිනිසුන්ගේ ගැලවීම/[[විමුක්තිය]] උදෙසා [[ජේසුස් ක්‍රිස්තුස්]] වහන්සේ විසින් සංස්ථාපිත [[එකම ශුද්ධවූ කතෝලික හා අපෝස්තලික සභාව|එකම, ශුද්ධවූ, කතෝලික හා අපෝස්තලික සභාව]]("සභාවේ සතර සලකුණු"), තම සභාව ලෙස ශුද්ධවූ සභාව උගන්වයි.  ==පාරිභාෂිතය==  [[Image:San Pietro Basilica.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[වතිකානු නගරය|වතිකානුවේ]] [[ශුද්ධවූ පේදුරුතුමාගේ බැසිලිකාව]] ඉදිරිපිට ඇති [[දොළොස් අපෝස්තල්වරුන්|දොළොස් අපෝස්තල්වරුන්ගේ]] නායකයා වූ [[ශුද්ධවු පේදුරු තුමා|ශුද්ධවු පේදුරු තුමාගේ]] ප්‍රතිමාව . කතෝලික ජනතාව [[පාප්තුමා|පාප්තුමාව]] සලකන්නේ අපෝස්තලතුමාගෙන් පසුව පදවිය ලැබූ තැනැත්තා ලෙසයි.]] ''කතෝලික'' (catholic) යන පදය පැවත එන්නේ [[ග්‍රීක භාෂාවේ|ග්‍රීක]] ''καθολικός'' විශේෂණයෙන් වන අතර, එහි අර්ථය වන ''විශ්ව'' (universal); තම නම සඳහා මෙම වචනය භාවිතා කරන කිතු සභා, ක්‍රිස්තුස් වහන්සේ විසින් සංස්ථාපිත එකම විශ්ව සභාවව වීමේ හිමිකම හැඟවීමටද භාවිතා කරති. ''කතෝලික සභාව'' යන පදයේ භාවිතය ඇරඹුණු, 2වන සියවස සිට කතෝලික සභාව, අනිකා අතර consistently මෙම නමින් තම සභාව අාමන්ත්‍රනය කළේය. වෙනත් කිතුණු සභා සමඟ ලේඛණ ඉදිරිපත් කරන අවස්ථා වලදි තම සභාව සුවිශේෂව ''කතෝලික සභාව'' ලෙස හෝ - එම සභා අතුරින් එක් පාර්ශවයක් මෙම නාමය භාවිතා කිරීමට විරුද්ධය පෙන්වූ විටක දී, සභාව ''රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව'' ලෙසත් තම සභාව නාමිකව හඳුන්වා දෙයි. For reasons of simplicity and clarity, the term ''Catholic Church'' is freely used within this article without suggesting acceptance of any claims thought to be implicit in that term, while ''Roman Catholic Church'' is used without endorsing the view that the Church in question is merely part of some larger ''Catholic Church''. Both terms are treated within this article simply as alternative names for the entire Church "which is governed by the successor of Peter and by the bishops in communion with him." :::''"කතෝලික" සහ "කතෝලික සභාව" යන පදයන්හි වෙනත් භාවිතයන් සඳහන් [[කතෝලික]] හා [[කතෝලික ධර්මය]] යන ලිපි බලන්න.''  ==සම්භවය සහ ඉතිහාසය== {{main|රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාවේ ඉතිහාසය}} {{තවදබලන්න|පාප් පදවියේ/පාප් සසුනේ (Papacy) ඉතිහාසය}} රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාවේ ඉතිහාසය ජේසුස් වහන්සේ සහ සාම්ප්‍රදානුකූලව පළමු පාප්වහන්සේ ලෙස සැලකෙන දොලොස් අපෝස්තුලු වරුන්ගේ නායකයාවන පේදුරු තුමා දක්වා දිවයයි. "කතෝලික සභාව" යන පදය ප්‍රථම වරට භාවිත වූයේ අන්තියෝක්හි ඉග්නේෂස් (Ignatius) තුමාගේ ලිපියකයවූ අතර, සමාන තත්වයේ පුද්ගලයන් අතර මූලිකයා තරාතිරමවත් ('first among equals' status) මුල්කාලයේ සිටම රෝමයේ පාප්තුමාට (See of Rome) හිමිවූ බව දක්වන සඳහන් කිහිපයක්ම අපට කතෝලික ලේඛකයන් පෙන්නුම් කර දෙති. ==තවද බලන්න== *[[:Category:රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව|කතෝලික සභාව ගැන වෙනත් ලිපි]]  *[[රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාවේ ඉතිහාසය]]  *[[කතෝලික ධර්මය]]  *[[කිතු දහම]]  *[[:Category:කතෝලික ගිහි සමිති/සංවිධාන|කතෝලික ගිහි සමිති/සංවිධාන]]  ==අධෝලිපි== <div class="references-small"> <references /> </div> ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== *[http://www.vatican.va/ The Holy See — වතිකානු නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.archdioceseofcolombo.com/ කොළඹ අගරදගුරු පදවිය — කොළඹ අගරදගුරු පදවියේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.legion-of-mary.ie/ මරිය හමුදාව — මරිය හමුදා ජාත්‍යන්තර මධ්‍යස්ථානයේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.kithudanapubuduwa.net/ කිතු දන පුබුදුව — කිතුදන පුබුදුවේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] [[Category:කිතු දහම]] [[Category:ක්‍රිස්තියානි වර්ග]] [[Category:රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව|*]] {{Link FA|la}} [[af:Rooms-Katolieke Kerk]] [[ar:كاثوليكية]] [[frp:Égllése catolica romana]] [[ast:Ilesia Católica]] [[bs:Rimokatolička crkva]] [[br:Iliz katolik roman]] [[bg:Католичество]] [[ca:Església Catòlica Romana]] [[cs:Katolictví]] [[cy:Eglwys Gatholig Rufeinig]] [[da:Den romersk-katolske kirke]] [[pdc:Gedollisch]] [[de:Römisch-Katholische Kirche]] [[en:Roman Catholic Church]] [[et:Katoliku kirik]] [[es:Iglesia Católica]] [[fr:Église catholique romaine]] [[gl:Igrexa Católica Romana]] [[ko:가톨릭]] [[id:Gereja Katholik Roma]] [[it:Chiesa cattolica]] [[he:הכנסייה הקתולית]] [[ka:?????????? ???????]] [[kw:Eglos Katholik Romanek]] [[la:Ecclesia Catholica]] [[li:Roems-Kattelieke Kèrk]] [[hu:Római Katolikus Egyház]] [[ms:Gereja Roman Katolik]] [[nl:Rooms-Katholieke kerk]] [[ja:カトリック教会]] [[no:Den romersk-katolske kirke]] [[nrm:Égllise catholique]] [[ug:كاتولىك دىندارى]] [[nds:Röömsch-kathoolsche Kark]] [[pl:Kościół katolicki]] [[pt:Igreja Católica Romana]] [[ro:Romano-Catolicism]] [[ru:Римско-католическая Церковь]] [[scn:Chiesa Cattòlica Rumana]] [[simple:Roman Catholicism]] [[sl:Rimskokatoliška cerkev]] [[fi:Roomalais-katolinen kirkko]] [[sv:Romersk-katolska kyrkan]] [[tl:Simbahang Katoliko Romano]] [[vi:Giáo hội Công giáo Rôma]] [[tpi:Katolik]] [[zh:天主教]] 5934 2006-07-02T22:00:12Z Ruwan 82 රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව {{Portalpar|කිතු දහම|Cor-jesus.jpeg|35px}} {{කිතු දහම}} :''"කතෝලික සභාව" redirects here. For other uses of the term, see [[කතෝලික සභාව (disambiguation)]].''  රෝමානු '''කතෝලික සභාව''' හෙවත්/හෝ '''කතෝලික සභාව''', ලෝකයේ විශාලතම [[කිතු දහම|ක්‍රිස්තියානි]] [[Ecclesia (සභාවයි)|සභාවයි]]. සභාවේ ලෝක ව්‍යාප්ත ලේඛණ වලට අනුව, 2004 වසර අග, ලිඛිත ප්‍රකාශක සාමජිකත්වය 1,098,366,000 ලෙස <ref>''සභාවේ සංඛ්‍යාමය වාර්ෂික සංග්‍රහය / වාර්ෂිකය'' (Statistical Yearbook of the Church 2004 : ISBN 88-209-7817-2)</ref> තුළ පළවී තිබූ අතර, එම වසර තුළ ලෝක ජනගහණය 6,388,500,000 ලෙස එක්සත් ජාතින්ගේ සංවිධානය සඳහන් කර ඇත. එහෙයින් මෙය ලෝකයේ විශාලතම සංවිධානාත්මක අාගමික කණ්ඩායමය ලෙස සැලකිය හැක. මෙහි නායකත්වය රෝමයේ රදගුරු තුමා වන [[පාප් වහන්සේ]]ට දරන අතර, වර්තමානයේදී දරන්නේ [[XVIවන බෙනඩික්]]ට් [[ශුද්ධවූ]] පාප්තුමාටයි. The Church defines itself as "the Catholic Church, which is governed by the successor of [[Saint Peter|Peter]]" — i.e. the Pope — "and the bishops in [[Communion (Christian)|communion]] with him."<ref>''[[Lumen Gentium]]'', 8[http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_en.html]</ref> සියලු මිනිසුන්ගේ ගැලවීම/[[විමුක්තිය]] උදෙසා [[ජේසුස් ක්‍රිස්තුස්]] වහන්සේ විසින් සංස්ථාපිත [[එකම ශුද්ධවූ කතෝලික හා අපෝස්තලික සභාව|එකම, ශුද්ධවූ, කතෝලික හා අපෝස්තලික සභාව]]("සභාවේ සතර සලකුණු"), තම සභාව ලෙස ශුද්ධවූ සභාව උගන්වයි.  ==පාරිභාෂිතය==  [[Image:San Pietro Basilica.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[වතිකානු නගරය|වතිකානුවේ]] [[ශුද්ධවූ පේදුරුතුමාගේ බැසිලිකාව]] ඉදිරිපිට ඇති [[දොළොස් අපෝස්තල්වරුන්|දොළොස් අපෝස්තල්වරුන්ගේ]] නායකයා වූ [[ශුද්ධවු පේදුරු තුමා|ශුද්ධවු පේදුරු තුමාගේ]] ප්‍රතිමාව . කතෝලික ජනතාව [[පාප්තුමා|පාප්තුමාව]] සලකන්නේ අපෝස්තලතුමාගෙන් පසුව පදවිය ලැබූ තැනැත්තා ලෙසයි.]] ''කතෝලික'' (catholic) යන පදය පැවත එන්නේ [[ග්‍රීක භාෂාවේ|ග්‍රීක]] ''καθολικός'' විශේෂණයෙන් වන අතර, එහි අර්ථය වන ''විශ්ව'' (universal); තම නම සඳහා මෙම වචනය භාවිතා කරන කිතු සභා, ක්‍රිස්තුස් වහන්සේ විසින් සංස්ථාපිත එකම විශ්ව සභාවව වීමේ හිමිකම හැඟවීමටද භාවිතා කරති. ''කතෝලික සභාව'' යන පදයේ භාවිතය ඇරඹුණු, 2වන සියවස සිට කතෝලික සභාව, අනිකා අතර consistently මෙම නමින් තම සභාව අාමන්ත්‍රනය කළේය. වෙනත් කිතුණු සභා සමඟ ලේඛණ ඉදිරිපත් කරන අවස්ථා වලදි තම සභාව සුවිශේෂව ''කතෝලික සභාව'' ලෙස හෝ - එම සභා අතුරින් එක් පාර්ශවයක් මෙම නාමය භාවිතා කිරීමට විරුද්ධය පෙන්වූ විටක දී, සභාව ''රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව'' ලෙසත් තම සභාව නාමිකව හඳුන්වා දෙයි. For reasons of simplicity and clarity, the term ''Catholic Church'' is freely used within this article without suggesting acceptance of any claims thought to be implicit in that term, while ''Roman Catholic Church'' is used without endorsing the view that the Church in question is merely part of some larger ''Catholic Church''. Both terms are treated within this article simply as alternative names for the entire Church "which is governed by the successor of Peter and by the bishops in communion with him." :::''"කතෝලික" සහ "කතෝලික සභාව" යන පදයන්හි වෙනත් භාවිතයන් සඳහන් [[කතෝලික]] හා [[කතෝලික ධර්මය]] යන ලිපි බලන්න.''  ==සම්භවය සහ ඉතිහාසය== {{main|රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාවේ ඉතිහාසය}} {{තවදබලන්න|පාප් පදවියේ/පාප් සසුනේ (Papacy) ඉතිහාසය}} රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාවේ ඉතිහාසය ජේසුස් වහන්සේ සහ සාම්ප්‍රදානුකූලව පළමු පාප්වහන්සේ ලෙස සැලකෙන දොලොස් අපෝස්තුලු වරුන්ගේ නායකයාවන පේදුරු තුමා දක්වා දිවයයි. "කතෝලික සභාව" යන පදය ප්‍රථම වරට භාවිත වූයේ අන්තියෝක්හි ඉග්නේෂස් (Ignatius) තුමාගේ ලිපියකයවූ අතර, සමාන තත්වයේ පුද්ගලයන් අතර මූලිකයා තරාතිරමවත් ('first among equals' status) මුල්කාලයේ සිටම රෝමයේ පාප්තුමාට (See of Rome) හිමිවූ බව දක්වන සඳහන් කිහිපයක්ම අපට කතෝලික ලේඛකයන් පෙන්නුම් කර දෙති. ==තවද බලන්න== *[[:Category:රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව|කතෝලික සභාව ගැන වෙනත් ලිපි]]  *[[රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාවේ ඉතිහාසය]]  *[[කතෝලික ධර්මය]]  *[[කිතු දහම]]  *[[:Category:කතෝලික ගිහි සමිති/සංවිධාන|කතෝලික ගිහි සමිති/සංවිධාන]]  ==අධෝලිපි== <div class="references-small"> <references /> </div> ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== *[http://www.vatican.va/ The Holy See — වතිකානු නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.archdioceseofcolombo.com/ කොළඹ අගරදගුරු පදවිය — කොළඹ අගරදගුරු පදවියේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.legion-of-mary.ie/ මරිය හමුදාව — මරිය හමුදා ජාත්‍යන්තර මධ්‍යස්ථානයේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.kithudanapubuduwa.net/ කිතු දන පුබුදුව — කිතු දන පුබුදුවේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] [[Category:කිතු දහම]] [[Category:ක්‍රිස්තියානි වර්ග]] [[Category:රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව|*]] {{Link FA|la}} [[af:Rooms-Katolieke Kerk]] [[ar:كاثوليكية]] [[frp:Égllése catolica romana]] [[ast:Ilesia Católica]] [[bs:Rimokatolička crkva]] [[br:Iliz katolik roman]] [[bg:Католичество]] [[ca:Església Catòlica Romana]] [[cs:Katolictví]] [[cy:Eglwys Gatholig Rufeinig]] [[da:Den romersk-katolske kirke]] [[pdc:Gedollisch]] [[de:Römisch-Katholische Kirche]] [[en:Roman Catholic Church]] [[et:Katoliku kirik]] [[es:Iglesia Católica]] [[fr:Église catholique romaine]] [[gl:Igrexa Católica Romana]] [[ko:가톨릭]] [[id:Gereja Katholik Roma]] [[it:Chiesa cattolica]] [[he:הכנסייה הקתולית]] [[ka:?????????? ???????]] [[kw:Eglos Katholik Romanek]] [[la:Ecclesia Catholica]] [[li:Roems-Kattelieke Kèrk]] [[hu:Római Katolikus Egyház]] [[ms:Gereja Roman Katolik]] [[nl:Rooms-Katholieke kerk]] [[ja:カトリック教会]] [[no:Den romersk-katolske kirke]] [[nrm:Égllise catholique]] [[ug:كاتولىك دىندارى]] [[nds:Röömsch-kathoolsche Kark]] [[pl:Kościół katolicki]] [[pt:Igreja Católica Romana]] [[ro:Romano-Catolicism]] [[ru:Римско-католическая Церковь]] [[scn:Chiesa Cattòlica Rumana]] [[simple:Roman Catholicism]] [[sl:Rimskokatoliška cerkev]] [[fi:Roomalais-katolinen kirkko]] [[sv:Romersk-katolska kyrkan]] [[tl:Simbahang Katoliko Romano]] [[vi:Giáo hội Công giáo Rôma]] [[tpi:Katolik]] [[zh:天主教]] 5937 2006-07-03T04:08:39Z Ruwan 82 රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව {{Portalpar|කිතු දහම|Cor-jesus.jpeg|35px}} {{කිතු දහම}} :''"කතෝලික සභාව" redirects here. For other uses of the term, see [[කතෝලික සභාව (disambiguation)]].''  රෝමානු '''කතෝලික සභාව''' හෙවත්/හෝ '''කතෝලික සභාව''', ලෝකයේ විශාලතම [[කිතු දහම|ක්‍රිස්තියානි]] [[Ecclesia (සභාවයි)|සභාවයි]]. සභාවේ ලෝක ව්‍යාප්ත ලේඛණ වලට අනුව, 2004 වසර අග, ලිඛිත ප්‍රකාශක සාමජිකත්වය 1,098,366,000 ලෙස <ref>''සභාවේ සංඛ්‍යාමය වාර්ෂික සංග්‍රහය / වාර්ෂිකය'' (Statistical Yearbook of the Church 2004 : ISBN 88-209-7817-2)</ref> තුළ පළවී තිබූ අතර, එම වසර තුළ ලෝක ජනගහණය 6,388,500,000 ලෙස එක්සත් ජාතින්ගේ සංවිධානය සඳහන් කර ඇත. එහෙයින් මෙය ලෝකයේ විශාලතම සංවිධානාත්මක අාගමික කණ්ඩායමය ලෙස සැලකිය හැක. මෙහි නායකත්වය රෝමයේ රදගුරු තුමා වන [[පාප් වහන්සේ]]ට දරන අතර, වර්තමානයේදී දරන්නේ [[XVIවන බෙනඩික්]]ට් [[ශුද්ධවූ]] පාප්තුමාටයි. The Church defines itself as "the Catholic Church, which is governed by the successor of [[Saint Peter|Peter]]" — i.e. the Pope — "and the bishops in [[Communion (Christian)|communion]] with him."<ref>''[[Lumen Gentium]]'', 8[http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_en.html]</ref> සියලු මිනිසුන්ගේ ගැලවීම/[[විමුක්තිය]] උදෙසා [[ජේසුස් ක්‍රිස්තුස්]] වහන්සේ විසින් සංස්ථාපිත [[එකම ශුද්ධවූ කතෝලික හා අපෝස්තලික සභාව|එකම, ශුද්ධවූ, කතෝලික හා අපෝස්තලික සභාව]]("සභාවේ සතර සලකුණු"), තම සභාව ලෙස ශුද්ධවූ සභාව උගන්වයි.  ==පාරිභාෂිතය==  [[Image:San Pietro Basilica.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[වතිකානු නගරය|වතිකානුවේ]] [[ශුද්ධවූ පේදුරුතුමාගේ බැසිලිකාව]] ඉදිරිපිට ඇති [[දොළොස් අපෝස්තල්වරුන්|දොළොස් අපෝස්තල්වරුන්ගේ]] නායකයා වූ [[ශුද්ධවු පේදුරු තුමා|ශුද්ධවු පේදුරු තුමාගේ]] ප්‍රතිමාව . කතෝලික ජනතාව [[පාප්තුමා|පාප්තුමාව]] සලකන්නේ අපෝස්තලතුමාගෙන් පසුව පදවිය ලැබූ තැනැත්තා ලෙසයි.]] ''කතෝලික'' (catholic) යන පදය පැවත එන්නේ [[ග්‍රීක භාෂාවේ|ග්‍රීක]] ''καθολικός'' විශේෂණයෙන් වන අතර, එහි අර්ථය වන ''විශ්ව'' (universal); තම නම සඳහා මෙම වචනය භාවිතා කරන කිතු සභා, ක්‍රිස්තුස් වහන්සේ විසින් සංස්ථාපිත එකම විශ්ව සභාවව වීමේ හිමිකම හැඟවීමටද භාවිතා කරති. ''කතෝලික සභාව'' යන පදයේ භාවිතය ඇරඹුණු, 2වන සියවස සිට කතෝලික සභාව, අනිකා අතර consistently මෙම නමින් තම සභාව අාමන්ත්‍රනය කළේය. වෙනත් කිතුණු සභා සමඟ ලේඛණ ඉදිරිපත් කරන අවස්ථා වලදි තම සභාව සුවිශේෂව ''කතෝලික සභාව'' ලෙස හෝ - එම සභා අතුරින් එක් පාර්ශවයක් මෙම නාමය භාවිතා කිරීමට විරුද්ධය පෙන්වූ විටක දී, සභාව ''රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව'' ලෙසත් තම සභාව නාමිකව හඳුන්වා දෙයි. For reasons of simplicity and clarity, the term ''Catholic Church'' is freely used within this article without suggesting acceptance of any claims thought to be implicit in that term, while ''Roman Catholic Church'' is used without endorsing the view that the Church in question is merely part of some larger ''Catholic Church''. Both terms are treated within this article simply as alternative names for the entire Church "which is governed by the successor of Peter and by the bishops in communion with him." :::''"කතෝලික" සහ "කතෝලික සභාව" යන පදයන්හි වෙනත් භාවිතයන් සඳහන් [[කතෝලික]] හා [[කතෝලික ධර්මය]] යන ලිපි බලන්න.''  ==සම්භවය සහ ඉතිහාසය== {{main|රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාවේ ඉතිහාසය}} {{තවදබලන්න|පාප් පදවියේ/පාප් සසුනේ (Papacy) ඉතිහාසය}} රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාවේ ඉතිහාසය ජේසුස් වහන්සේ සහ සාම්ප්‍රදානුකූලව පළමු පාප්වහන්සේ ලෙස සැලකෙන දොලොස් අපෝස්තුලු වරුන්ගේ නායකයාවන පේදුරු තුමා දක්වා දිවයයි. "කතෝලික සභාව" යන පදය ප්‍රථම වරට භාවිත වූයේ අන්තියෝක්හි ඉග්නේෂස් (Ignatius) තුමාගේ ලිපියකයවූ අතර, සමාන තත්වයේ පුද්ගලයන් අතර මූලිකයා තරාතිරමවත් ('first among equals' status) මුල්කාලයේ සිටම රෝමයේ පාප්තුමාට (See of Rome) හිමිවූ බව දක්වන සඳහන් කිහිපයක්ම අපට කතෝලික ලේඛකයන් පෙන්නුම් කර දෙති. ==තවද බලන්න== *[[:Category:රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව|කතෝලික සභාව ගැන වෙනත් ලිපි]]  *[[රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාවේ ඉතිහාසය]]  *[[කතෝලික ධර්මය]]  *[[කිතු දහම]]  *[[:Category:කතෝලික ගිහි සමිති/සංවිධාන|කතෝලික ගිහි සමිති/සංවිධාන]]  ==අධෝලිපි== <div class="references-small"> <references /> </div> ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== *[http://www.vatican.va/ The Holy See — වතිකානු නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.archdioceseofcolombo.com/ කොළඹ අගරදගුරු පදවිය — කොළඹ අගරදගුරු පදවියේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.legion-of-mary.ie/ මරිය හමුදාව — මරිය හමුදා ජාත්‍යන්තර මධ්‍යස්ථානයේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.kithudanapubuduwa.net/ කිතු දන පුබුදුව — කිතු දන පුබුදුවේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] *[http://www.pontificalmissionlk.org/ Pontifical Mission Societies Sri Lanka] [[Category:කිතු දහම]] [[Category:ක්‍රිස්තියානි වර්ග]] [[Category:රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව|*]] {{Link FA|la}} [[af:Rooms-Katolieke Kerk]] [[ar:كاثوليكية]] [[frp:Égllése catolica romana]] [[ast:Ilesia Católica]] [[bs:Rimokatolička crkva]] [[br:Iliz katolik roman]] [[bg:Католичество]] [[ca:Església Catòlica Romana]] [[cs:Katolictví]] [[cy:Eglwys Gatholig Rufeinig]] [[da:Den romersk-katolske kirke]] [[pdc:Gedollisch]] [[de:Römisch-Katholische Kirche]] [[en:Roman Catholic Church]] [[et:Katoliku kirik]] [[es:Iglesia Católica]] [[fr:Église catholique romaine]] [[gl:Igrexa Católica Romana]] [[ko:가톨릭]] [[id:Gereja Katholik Roma]] [[it:Chiesa cattolica]] [[he:הכנסייה הקתולית]] [[ka:?????????? ???????]] [[kw:Eglos Katholik Romanek]] [[la:Ecclesia Catholica]] [[li:Roems-Kattelieke Kèrk]] [[hu:Római Katolikus Egyház]] [[ms:Gereja Roman Katolik]] [[nl:Rooms-Katholieke kerk]] [[ja:カトリック教会]] [[no:Den romersk-katolske kirke]] [[nrm:Égllise catholique]] [[ug:كاتولىك دىندارى]] [[nds:Röömsch-kathoolsche Kark]] [[pl:Kościół katolicki]] [[pt:Igreja Católica Romana]] [[ro:Romano-Catolicism]] [[ru:Римско-католическая Церковь]] [[scn:Chiesa Cattòlica Rumana]] [[simple:Roman Catholicism]] [[sl:Rimskokatoliška cerkev]] [[fi:Roomalais-katolinen kirkko]] [[sv:Romersk-katolska kyrkan]] [[tl:Simbahang Katoliko Romano]] [[vi:Giáo hội Công giáo Rôma]] [[tpi:Katolik]] [[zh:天主教]] User:Shyamal Madura 1953 5650 2006-06-21T04:05:42Z Madura 102 Shyamal Madura Chinthaka hello I'm Shyamal Madura Chinthaka and currently studying in Department of Industrial Management, Faculty of Science in University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka. Just came here and create a user account in wikipedia 5651 2006-06-21T04:08:35Z Madura 102 Shyamal Madura Chinthaka hello I'm Shyamal Madura Chinthaka and currently reading for MIT degree program in Department of Industrial Management, Faculty of Science in University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka. Just came here and create a user account in wikipedia 5652 2006-06-21T04:11:13Z Madura 102 [[User:Madura]] moved to [[User:Shyamal Madura]]: nothing hello I'm Shyamal Madura Chinthaka and currently reading for MIT degree program in Department of Industrial Management, Faculty of Science in University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka. Just came here and create a user account in wikipedia User:Madura 1954 5653 2006-06-21T04:11:13Z Madura 102 [[User:Madura]] moved to [[User:Shyamal Madura]]: nothing #REDIRECT [[User:Shyamal Madura]] Portal:කිතු දහම 1955 5657 2006-06-21T06:08:06Z Ruwan 82 Portal:කිතු දහම {{browsebar}}  <div style="float:left; width:100%;"> __NOTOC__ [[Portal:Bahá'í Faith|Bahá'í Faith]] | [[Portal:Bible|Bible]] | [[Portal:Buddhism|Buddhism]] | [[Portal:Christianity|Christianity]] | [[Portal:Eastern Christianity|Eastern Christianity]] | [[Portal:Hinduism|Hinduism]] | [[Portal:Islam|Islam]] | [[Portal:Jainism|Jainism]] | [[Portal:Judaism|Judaism]] | [[Portal:Shinto|Shinto]] | [[Portal:Sikhism|Sikhism]] | [[Portal:Spirituality|Spirituality]] | [[Portal:Taoism|Taoism]] | [[Portal:Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrianism]] {{/box-header|<big>CHRISTIANITY PORTAL</big>|Portal:Christianity/Intro|}} {{Portal:Christianity/Intro}} {{/box-footer|[[Christianity|Learn more about Christianity...]]}} </div>  <div style="float:left; 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width:44%"> {{/box-header|''Showcase biography''|Portal:Christianity/Bio Archive/{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}||}} {{Portal:Christianity/Bio Archive/{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}||}} <div style="text-align:right;margin-left:10px;margin-bottom:4px;">'''[[Portal:Christianity/Bio Archive|Archive]]''' | '''[[Portal:Christianity/Bio Archive/Suggestions|Nominate a bio...]]'''</div> {{/box-footer|}} {{/box-header|''Categories''|Portal:Christianity/Categories|}} {{Portal:Christianity/Categories}} {{/box-footer|}} {{/box-header|''Things you can do''|Portal:Christianity/Things you can do|}} {{Portal:Christianity/Things you can do}} {{/box-footer|}} {{/box-header|''WikiProjects''|Portal:Christianity/Wikiprojects|}} {{Portal:Christianity/Wikiprojects}} {{/box-footer|}} {{/box-header|''Related portals''|Portal:Christianity/Related portals|}} {{/Related portals}} {{/box-footer|}} </div> <div style="float:right; width:100%"> {{/box-header|''Topics''|Portal:Christianity/Topics|}} <center>{{Portal:Christianity/Topics}}</center> {{/box-footer|}} {{/box-header|''Associated Wikimedia''|Portal:Christianity/Associated Wikimedia|}} <center>{{Portal:Christianity/Associated Wikimedia}}</center> {{/box-footer|}} </div> {{portals}} ''{{purge|Purge server cache}}'' __NOTOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__ {{Featured portal}} [[Category:Portal:Christianity| C]] [[cs:Portál:Křesťanství]] [[en:Portal:Christianity]] [[de:Portal:Christentum]] [[es:Portal:Cristianismo]] [[fr:Portail:Christianisme]] [[ja:Portal:キリスト教]] [[nl:Portaal:Christendom]] [[ru:Портал:Христианство]] [[sr:Портал:Хришћанство]] [[zh:Wikipedia:主题/基督教]] 5658 2006-06-21T06:20:40Z Ruwan 82 Portal:කිතු දහම {{browsebar}}  <div style="float:left; width:100%;"> __NOTOC__ [[Portal:Bahá'í Faith|Bahá'í Faith]] | [[Portal:බයිබලය|බයිබලය]] | [[Portal:බුදු දහම|බුදු දහම]] | [[Portal:කිතු දහම|කිතු දහම]] | [[Portal:නැගෙනහිර කිතු දහම|නැගෙනහිර කිතු දහම]] | [[Portal:හින්දු ආගම|හින්දු ආගම]] | [[Portal:ඉස්ලාම්|ඉස්ලාම්]] | [[Portal:ජෛන ආගම|ජෛන ආගම]] | [[Portal:ජුදා ආගම|ජුදා ආගම]] | [[Portal:Shinto|Shinto]] | [[Portal:සිඛ් ආගම|සිඛ් ආගම]] | [[Portal:Spirituality|Spirituality]] | [[Portal:Taoism|Taoism]] | [[Portal:Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrianism]] {{/box-header|<big>කිතු දහම PORTAL</big>|Portal:කිතු දහම/Intro|}} {{Portal:කිතු දහම/Intro}} {{/box-footer|[[කිතු දහම|Learn more about Christianity...]]}} </div>  <div style="float:left; width:55%;"> {{/box-header|''Showcase article''|Portal:කිතු දහම/Article Archive/{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}||}} {{Portal:කිතු දහම/Article Archive/{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}||}} <div style="text-align:right;margin-left:10px;margin-bottom:4px;">'''[[Portal:කිතු දහම/Article Archive|Archive]]''' | '''[[Portal:කිතු දහම/Article Archive/Suggestions|Nominate an article...]]'''</div> {{/box-footer|}} {{/box-header|''Showcase picture''|Portal:කිතු දහම/Picture Archive/{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}||}} {{Portal:Christianity/Picture Archive/{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}||}} <div style="text-align:right;margin-left:10px;margin-bottom:4px;">'''[[Portal:කිතු දහම/Picture Archive|Archive]]''' | '''[[Portal:කිතු දහම/Picture Archive/Suggestions|Nominate a picture...]]'''</div> {{/box-footer|}} {{/box-header|''Did you know?''|Portal:කිතු දහම/DYK Archive/{{CURRENTDAYNAME}}||}} {{Portal:කිතු දහම/DYK Archive/{{CURRENTDAYNAME}}||}} <div style="text-align:right;margin-left:10px;margin-bottom:4px;">'''[[Portal:කිතු දහම/DYK Archive|Archive]]''' | '''[[Portal:කිතු දහම/DYK Archive/Suggestions|Suggest a DYK?...]]'''</div> {{/box-footer|}} {{/box-header|''Showcase scripture''|Portal:කිතු දහම/Scripture Archive/{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}||}} {{Portal:කිතු දහම/Scripture Archive/{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}||}} <div style="text-align:right;margin-left:10px;margin-bottom:4px;">'''[[Portal:කිතු දහම/Scripture Archive|Archive]]''' | '''[[Portal:කිතු දහම/Scripture Archive/Suggestions|Suggest a passage...]]'''</div> {{/box-footer|}} </div>  <div style="float:right; width:44%"> {{/box-header|''Showcase biography''|Portal:කිතු දහම/Bio Archive/{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}||}} {{Portal:කිතු දහම/Bio Archive/{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}||}} <div style="text-align:right;margin-left:10px;margin-bottom:4px;">'''[[Portal:කිතු දහම/Bio Archive|Archive]]''' | '''[[Portal:කිතු දහම/Bio Archive/Suggestions|Nominate a bio...]]'''</div> {{/box-footer|}} {{/box-header|''Categories''|Portal:කිතු දහම/Categories|}} {{Portal:කිතු දහම/Categories}} {{/box-footer|}} {{/box-header|''Things you can do''|Portal:කිතු දහම/Things you can do|}} {{Portal:කිතු දහම/Things you can do}} {{/box-footer|}} {{/box-header|''WikiProjects''|Portal:කිතු දහම/Wikiprojects|}} {{Portal:කිතු දහම/Wikiprojects}} {{/box-footer|}} {{/box-header|''Related portals''|Portal:කිතු දහම/Related portals|}} {{/Related portals}} {{/box-footer|}} </div> <div style="float:right; width:100%"> {{/box-header|''Topics''|Portal:කිතු දහම/Topics|}} <center>{{Portal:කිතු දහම/Topics}}</center> {{/box-footer|}} {{/box-header|''Associated Wikimedia''|Portal:කිතු දහම/Associated Wikimedia|}} <center>{{Portal:කිතු දහම/Associated Wikimedia}}</center> {{/box-footer|}} </div> {{portals}} ''{{purge|Purge server cache}}'' __NOTOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__ {{Featured portal}} [[Category:Portal:කිතු දහම| C]] [[cs:Portál:Křesťanství]] [[en:Portal:Christianity]] [[de:Portal:Christentum]] [[es:Portal:Cristianismo]] [[fr:Portail:Christianisme]] [[ja:Portal:キリスト教]] [[nl:Portaal:Christendom]] [[ru:Портал:Христианство]] [[sr:Портал:Хришћанство]] [[zh:Wikipedia:主题/基督教]] Portal:බයිබලය 1956 5659 2006-06-21T06:27:30Z Ruwan 82 Portal:බයිබලය {{browsebar}} {| width="100%" style="background-color:#900020;color:white;" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" |[[Image:Torah2.jpg|77px]] | width="100%" style="padding:10px;" valign="top" | Welcome to the <div style="font-size:200%;">Bible Portal</div> |[[Image:Gutenberg bible Old Testament Epistle of St Jerome.jpg|82px|Beginn der Gutenbergbibel]] |} <div style="float:left; width:60%;">  {{/box-header|''Featured article''|Portal:Bible/Featured article/{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}, {{CURRENTYEAR}}}} {{Portal:බයිබලය/Featured article/{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}, {{CURRENTYEAR}}}} {{/box-footer|}} {{/box-header|''Did you know...''|{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Did you know|}} {{{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Did you know}} {{/box-footer|}} {{/box-header|''Quotes''|{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Quotes|}} {{{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Quotes}} {{/box-footer|}} {{/box-header|''Web resources''|{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Web resources|}} {{{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Web resources}} {{/box-footer|}} </div> <div style="float:right; width:39%">  {{/box-header|''Featured chapter''|Portal:බයිබලය/Featured chapter/{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTDAY}}, {{CURRENTYEAR}}}} {{Portal:Bible/Featured chapter/{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTDAY}}, {{CURRENTYEAR}}}} <div align="right" class="noprint">'''[[Portal:බයිබලය/Featured chapter|Archive]]'''</div> {{/box-footer|}} {{/box-header|''{{PAGENAME}} lists''|{{FULLPAGENAME}}/{{PAGENAME}} lists|}} {{{{FULLPAGENAME}}/{{PAGENAME}} lists}} {{/box-footer|}} {{/box-header|''Categories''|{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Categories|}} {{{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Categories}} {{/box-footer|}} {{/box-header|''{{PAGENAME}} topics''|{{FULLPAGENAME}}/{{PAGENAME}} topics|}} {{{{FULLPAGENAME}}/{{PAGENAME}} topics}} {{/box-footer|}} {{/box-header|''WikiProjects''|{{FULLPAGENAME}}/WikiProjects|}} {{{{FULLPAGENAME}}/WikiProjects}} {{/box-footer|}} {{/box-header|''Related portals''|{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Related portals|}} {{{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Related portals}} {{/box-footer|}} </div> <div style="float:right; width:100%"> {{/box-header|''Associated Wikimedia''|Template:WikimediaForPortals|}} {{WikimediaForPortals}} {{/box-footer|}} {{portals}} {{Purgepage}} __NOTOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__ [[Category:Portals|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:Portal:ආගම|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:Portal:කිතු දහම|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:බයිබලය|{{FULLPAGENAME}}]] [[en:Portal:Bible]] [[de:Portal:Bibel]] . 5660 2006-06-21T06:36:47Z Ruwan 82 Portal:බයිබලය {{browsebar}} {| width="100%" style="background-color:#900020;color:white;" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" |[[Image:Torah2.jpg|77px]] | width="100%" style="padding:10px;" valign="top" | <div style="font-size:200%;">ආයුබෝවන්! බයිබලය Portalට සාදරයෙන් පිළිගනිමු</div> |[[Image:Gutenberg bible Old Testament Epistle of St Jerome.jpg|82px|Beginn der Gutenbergbibel]] |} <div style="float:left; width:60%;">  {{/box-header|''Featured article''|Portal:Bible/Featured article/{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}, {{CURRENTYEAR}}}} {{Portal:බයිබලය/Featured article/{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}, {{CURRENTYEAR}}}} {{/box-footer|}} {{/box-header|''Did you know...''|{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Did you know|}} {{{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Did you know}} {{/box-footer|}} {{/box-header|''Quotes''|{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Quotes|}} {{{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Quotes}} {{/box-footer|}} {{/box-header|''Web resources''|{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Web resources|}} {{{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Web resources}} {{/box-footer|}} </div> <div style="float:right; width:39%">  {{/box-header|''Featured chapter''|Portal:බයිබලය/Featured chapter/{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTDAY}}, {{CURRENTYEAR}}}} {{Portal:Bible/Featured chapter/{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTDAY}}, {{CURRENTYEAR}}}} <div align="right" class="noprint">'''[[Portal:බයිබලය/Featured chapter|Archive]]'''</div> {{/box-footer|}} {{/box-header|''{{PAGENAME}} lists''|{{FULLPAGENAME}}/{{PAGENAME}} lists|}} {{{{FULLPAGENAME}}/{{PAGENAME}} lists}} {{/box-footer|}} {{/box-header|''Categories''|{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Categories|}} {{{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Categories}} {{/box-footer|}} {{/box-header|''{{PAGENAME}} topics''|{{FULLPAGENAME}}/{{PAGENAME}} topics|}} {{{{FULLPAGENAME}}/{{PAGENAME}} topics}} {{/box-footer|}} {{/box-header|''WikiProjects''|{{FULLPAGENAME}}/WikiProjects|}} {{{{FULLPAGENAME}}/WikiProjects}} {{/box-footer|}} {{/box-header|''Related portals''|{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Related portals|}} {{{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Related portals}} {{/box-footer|}} </div> <div style="float:right; width:100%"> {{/box-header|''Associated Wikimedia''|Template:WikimediaForPortals|}} {{WikimediaForPortals}} {{/box-footer|}} {{portals}} {{Purgepage}} __NOTOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__ [[Category:Portals|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:Portal:ආගම|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:Portal:කිතු දහම|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:බයිබලය|{{FULLPAGENAME}}]] [[en:Portal:Bible]] [[de:Portal:Bibel]] . User talk:Ruwan 1957 5661 2006-06-21T11:53:06Z Lee 85 Portal Namespace == Portal Namespace == Hi Ruwan, I see that you have tried to create a portal. As you can see we don't have a "Portal" namespace in Sinhala wikipedia. So if you think we are going to need it better join in the conversion in [[wikipedia:කෝපි කඩේ]] and state your idea about it. Thanks in advance. --[[User:Lee|Lee]] 11:53, 21 June 2006 (UTC) Apeadaviya 1958 5663 2006-06-22T13:35:47Z 222.165.172.165 == APEADAVIYA == IT'S SINHALA MEANING IS OUR SITE Portal:බුදු දහම 1959 5668 2006-06-23T05:37:25Z Ruwan 82 Portal:බුදු දහම {{browsebar}}  __NOTOC__ [[Portal:Bahá'í Faith|Bahá'í Faith]] | [[Portal:Bible|Bible]] | [[Portal:Buddhism|Buddhism]] | [[Portal:Christianity|Christianity]] | [[Portal:Eastern Christianity|Eastern Christianity]] | [[Portal:Hinduism|Hinduism]] | [[Portal:Islam|Islam]] | [[Portal:Jainism|Jainism]] | [[Portal:Judaism|Judaism]] | [[Portal:Shinto|Shinto]] | [[Portal:Sikhism|Sikhism]] | [[Portal:Spirituality|Spirituality]] | [[Portal:Taoism|Taoism]] | [[Portal:Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrianism]] <div style="float:right; width:100%"> {{/box-header|BUDDHISM PORTAL|Portal:Buddhism/Intro|}} {{Portal:Buddhism/Intro}} {{/box-footer|[[Buddhism|Learn more about Buddhism...]]}} </div> <div style="float:left; width:58%;">  {{/box-header|Selected article|Portal:Buddhism/Featured article|}} {{Portal:Buddhism/Featured article}} {{/box-footer|[[Theravada|Read more...]]}} {{/box-header|Selected picture|Portal:Buddhism/Featured picture|}} {{Portal:Buddhism/Featured picture}} {{/box-footer|[[Wikipedia:Featured_pictures|More featured pictures...]]}} {{/box-header|Selected scripture|Portal:Buddhism/Featured scripture|}} {{Portal:Buddhism/Featured scripture}} {{/box-footer|}} {{/box-header|Weekly quote|Portal:Buddhism/Weekly quote|}} {{Portal:Buddhism/Weekly quote}} {{/box-footer|}} {{/box-header|Did you know?|Portal:Buddhism/Did you know|}} {{Portal:Buddhism/Did you know}} {{/box-footer|}} {{/box-header|Wikiprojects|Portal:Buddhism/Wikiprojects|}} {{Portal:Buddhism/Wikiprojects}} {{/box-footer|}} </div> <div style="float:right; width:39%">  {{/box-header|Selected Buddhist|Portal:Buddhism/Selected Buddhist|}} {{Portal:Buddhism/Selected Buddhist}} {{/box-footer|[[Nagarjuna|Read more...]]}} {{/box-header|Things you can do|Portal:Buddhism/Things you can do|}} {{Portal:Buddhism/Things you can do}} {{/box-footer|}} {{/box-header|Categories|Portal:Buddhism/Categories|}} {{Portal:Buddhism/Categories}} {{/box-footer|}} </div> <div style="float:right; width:100%"> {{/box-header|Other Portals|portals|}} {{portals}} {{/box-footer|}} </div> [[Category:Portal:Religion|Buddhism]] [[Category:Buddhism|*]] [[de:Portal:Buddhismus]] [[en:Portal:Buddhism]] [[es:Portal:Budismo]] [[ja:Wikipedia:ウィキポータル仏教]] [[ru:Портал:Буддизм]] [[sv:Portal:Buddhism]] [[vi:Wikipedia:Trang chính Phật giáo]] [[zh:Wikipedia:主题/佛教]] Portal:හින්දු ආගම 1960 5669 2006-06-23T05:42:10Z Ruwan 82 Portal:හින්දු ආගම {{browsebar}}  __NOTOC__ [[Portal:Bahá'í Faith|Bahá'í Faith]] | [[Portal:Bible|Bible]] | [[Portal:Buddhism|Buddhism]] | [[Portal:Christianity|Christianity]] | [[Portal:Eastern Christianity|Eastern Christianity]] | [[Portal:Hinduism|Hinduism]] | [[Portal:Islam|Islam]] | [[Portal:Jainism|Jainism]] | [[Portal:Judaism|Judaism]] | [[Portal:Shinto|Shinto]] | [[Portal:Sikhism|Sikhism]] | [[Portal:Spirituality|Spirituality]] | [[Portal:Taoism|Taoism]] | [[Portal:Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrianism]] <div style="float:right; width:100%"> {{/box-header|HINDUISM PORTAL|Portal:Hinduism/Intro|}} {{Portal:Hinduism/Intro}} {{/box-footer|[[Hinduism|Learn more about Hinduism...]]}} </div> <div style="float:left; width:60%;">  {{/box-header|Selected article|Portal:Hinduism/Featured article|}} {{Portal:Hinduism/Featured article}} {{/box-footer|}} {{/box-header|Selected picture|Portal:Hinduism/Featured picture|}} {{Portal:Hinduism/Featured picture}} {{/box-footer|}} {{/box-header|Selected scripture|Portal:Hinduism/Featured scripture|}} {{Portal:Hinduism/Featured scripture}} {{/box-footer|}} {{/box-header|Things you can do|Portal:Hinduism/Things you can do|}} {{Hinduismbox}} {{Portal:Hinduism/Things you can do}} {{/box-footer|}} </div> <div style="float:right; width:39%">  {{/box-header|Selected Hindu|Portal:Hinduism/Selected Hindu|}} {{Portal:Hinduism/Selected Hindu}} {{/box-footer|[[Ramanuja|Read more...]]}} {{/box-header|Categories|Portal:Hinduism/Categories|}} {{Portal:Hinduism/Categories}} {{/box-footer|}} {{/box-header|Wikiprojects|Portal:Hinduism/Wikiprojects|}} {{Portal:Hinduism/Wikiprojects}} {{/box-footer|}} {{/box-header|Selected quote|Portal:Hinduism/Selected quote|}} {{Portal:Hinduism/Selected quote}} {{/box-footer|}} {{/box-header|Did you know?|Portal:Hinduism/Did you know|}} {{Portal:Hinduism/Did you know}} {{/box-footer|}} {{/box-header|Upcoming festivals|Portal:Hinduism/Upcoming festivals|}} {{Portal:Hinduism/Upcoming festivals}} {{/box-footer|}} </div> <div style="float:right; width:100%"> {{/box-header|Other Portals|portals|}} {{portals}} {{/box-footer|}} </div> [[Category:Portal:Religion|Hinduism]] [[Category:Hinduism|*]] [[de:Portal:Hinduismus]] [[en:Portal:Hinduism]] [[sv:Portal:Hinduism]] Portal:ඉස්ලාම් 1961 5670 2006-06-23T05:44:56Z Ruwan 82 Portal:ඉස්ලාම් {{browsebar}} __NOTOC__ [[Portal:Bahá'í Faith|Bahá'í Faith]] | [[Portal:Bible|Bible]] | [[Portal:Buddhism|Buddhism]] | [[Portal:Christianity|Christianity]] | [[Portal:Eastern Christianity|Eastern Christianity]] | [[Portal:Hinduism|Hinduism]] | [[Portal:Islam|Islam]] | [[Portal:Jainism|Jainism]] | [[Portal:Judaism|Judaism]] | [[Portal:Shinto|Shinto]] | [[Portal:Sikhism|Sikhism]] | [[Portal:Spirituality|Spirituality]] | [[Portal:Taoism|Taoism]] | [[Portal:Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrianism]] {| width="100%" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="10" style="background:#ccffcc; border-style:solid; border-width:3px; border-color: #A1C2CF;" | width="55%" valign="top" style="padding: 0; margin:0;" |  <div style="float:right; width:100%"> {{/box-header|ISLAM PORTAL|Portal:Islam/Intro|}} {{Portal:Islam/Intro}} {{/box-footer|[[Islam|Learn more about Islam...]]}} </div> <div style="float:left; width:60%;">  {{/box-header|''Selected Article''|Portal:Islam/Featured article|}} {{Portal:Islam/Featured article}} {{/box-footer|[[Mosque|Read more...]]}} {{/box-header|''Selected Picture''|Portal:Islam/Featured picture|}} {{Portal:Islam/Featured picture}} {{/box-footer|[[Wikipedia:Featured_pictures|More featured pictures...]]}}  {{/box-header|''Did you know...''|Portal:Islam/Did you know|}} {{Portal:Islam/Did you know}} {{/box-footer|}} {{/box-header|''Selected Location''|Portal:Islam/Selected Location|}} {{Portal:Islam/Selected Location}} {{/box-footer|[[Medina|Read more...]]}} </div> <div style="float:right; width:39%">  {{/box-header|''Selected Muslim''|Portal:Islam/Selected Muslim|}} {{Portal:Islam/Selected Muslim}} {{/box-footer|[[Fethullah Gülen|Read more...]]}} {{/box-header|''Categories''|Portal:Islam/Categories|}} {{Portal:Islam/Categories}} {{/box-footer|}} {{/box-header|''WikiProjects''|Portal:Islam/Wikiprojects|}} {{Portal:Islam/Wikiprojects}} {{/box-footer|}} {{/box-header|''Things you can do''|Portal:Islam/Things you can do|}} {{Portal:Islam/Things you can do}} {{/box-footer|}} </div> {{/box-header|''Islam Topics''|Portal:Islam/Templates|}} {{Portal:Islam/Templates}} {{/box-footer|}} <div style="float:right; width:100%"> {{/box-header|''Associated Wikimedia''|Template:WikimediaForPortals|}} {{WikimediaForPortals}} {{/box-footer|}} </div> {{portals}} {{purgepage}} [[Category:Portal:Religion|Islam]] [[Category:Islam|*]] [[Category:Islamic scholars]] [[Category:Mosques]] [[Category:Muslims]] [[de:Portal:Islam]] [[en:Portal:Islam]] [[nl:Portaal:Islam]] [[tr:Portal:İslâm]] Category:තාරකා විද්‍යාව 1962 5674 2006-06-24T08:41:07Z Lee 85 {{catmore}} Template:Astronomy-footer 1963 5676 2006-06-24T08:46:12Z Lee 85 {| style="margin:0 auto;" align=center width=80% class="toccolours" |align=center style="background:#ccccff"| '''[[තාරකා විද්‍යාව|තාරකා විද්‍යාවේ]] ප්‍රධාන උප ක්‍ෂෙත්‍ර''' |align="center" style="background:#ccccff" |[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Template:Astronomy-footer&action=edit Edit] |- |align=center |[[Astrophysics]] | [[Physical Cosmology|Cosmology]] | [[Galactic astronomy]] | [[Extragalactic astronomy]] | [[Galaxy formation and evolution]] | [[Planetary science]] | [[Stellar astronomy]] | [[Stellar evolution]] | [[Star formation]] | |}<noinclude> [[Category:Science navigational boxes|{{PAGENAME}}]] </noinclude> 5677 2006-06-24T08:47:57Z Lee 85 {| style="margin:0 auto;" align=center width=80% class="toccolours" |align=center style="background:#ccccff"| '''[[තාරකා විද්‍යාව|තාරකා විද්‍යාවේ]] ප්‍රධාන උප ක්‍ෂෙත්‍ර''' |align="center" style="background:#ccccff" |[http://si.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Template:Astronomy-footer&action=edit Edit] |- |align=center |[[Astrophysics]] | [[Physical Cosmology|Cosmology]] | [[Galactic astronomy]] | [[Extragalactic astronomy]] | [[Galaxy formation and evolution]] | [[Planetary science]] | [[Stellar astronomy]] | [[Stellar evolution]] | [[තාරකා සම්භවය]] | |}<noinclude> [[Category:Science navigational boxes|{{PAGENAME}}]] </noinclude> Template:Natural sciences-footer 1964 5678 2006-06-24T08:50:24Z Lee 85 {| style="margin: 0 auto; padding: 5px;" align="center" width="80%" id=toc !align=center style="background:#ccccff"|General subfields within the [[Natural science]]s |- |align=center| [[Astronomy]] | [[Biology]] | [[Chemistry]] | [[Earth science]] | [[Ecology]] | [[Physical science]] | [[Physics]] |} Template:තවදබලන්න 1965 5686 2006-06-25T07:08:50Z Ruwan 82 Template:තවදබලන්න #REDIRECT [[Template:තවද බලන්න]] Template:තවද බලන්න 1966 5687 2006-06-25T07:27:45Z Ruwan 82 Template:තවද බලන්න <div class="boilerplate තවදබලන්න"> : ''See also: {{#if:{{{1|}}}|[[{{{1}}}]] | '''[[Template talk:තවද බලන්න|MISSING ARTICLES]]''' }}{{#if:{{{2|}}}|{{#if:{{{3|}}}|, | and }} [[{{{2}}}]] }}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|, |, and }} [[{{{3}}}]] }}{{#if:{{{4|}}}|{{#if:{{{5|}}}|, |, and }} [[{{{4}}}]] }}{{#if:{{{5|}}}|{{#if:{{{6|}}}|, |, and }} [[{{{5}}}]] }}{{#if:{{{6|}}}|{{#if:{{{7|}}}|, |, and }} [[{{{6}}}]] }}{{#if:{{{7|}}}|{{#if:{{{8|}}}|, |, and }} [[{{{7}}}]] }}{{#if:{{{8|}}}|{{#if:{{{9|}}}|, |, and }} [[{{{8}}}]] }}{{#if:{{{9|}}}|{{#if:{{{10|}}}|, |, and }} [[{{{9}}}]] }}{{#if:{{{10|}}}|{{#if:{{{11|}}}|, |, and }} [[{{{10}}}]] }}{{#if:{{{11|}}}|{{#if:{{{12|}}}|, |, and }} [[{{{11}}}]] }}{{#if:{{{12|}}}|{{#if:{{{13|}}}|, |, and }} [[{{{12}}}]] }}{{#if:{{{13|}}}|{{#if:{{{14|}}}|, |, and }} [[{{{13}}}]] }}{{#if:{{{14|}}}|{{#if:{{{15|}}}|, |, and }} [[{{{14}}}]] }}{{#if:{{{15|}}}|, and [[{{{15}}}]] }}{{#if:{{{16|}}}|…'''[[Template:තවද බලන්න]] අවසර දෙන උපරිමය ලිපි 15ක් පමණි''' }}''</div><noinclude> ---- For usage, see talk. [[Category:Section templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:Templates using ParserFunctions|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[en:Template:See also]] [[zh:Template:参看]] </noinclude> 5933 2006-07-02T20:41:02Z Ruwan 82 Template:තවද බලන්න <div class="boilerplate තවදබලන්න"> : ''තවද බලන්න: {{#if:{{{1|}}}|[[{{{1}}}]] | '''[[Template talk:තවද බලන්න|MISSING ARTICLES]]''' }}{{#if:{{{2|}}}|{{#if:{{{3|}}}|, | and }} [[{{{2}}}]] }}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|, |, and }} [[{{{3}}}]] }}{{#if:{{{4|}}}|{{#if:{{{5|}}}|, |, and }} [[{{{4}}}]] }}{{#if:{{{5|}}}|{{#if:{{{6|}}}|, |, and }} [[{{{5}}}]] }}{{#if:{{{6|}}}|{{#if:{{{7|}}}|, |, and }} [[{{{6}}}]] }}{{#if:{{{7|}}}|{{#if:{{{8|}}}|, |, and }} [[{{{7}}}]] }}{{#if:{{{8|}}}|{{#if:{{{9|}}}|, |, and }} [[{{{8}}}]] }}{{#if:{{{9|}}}|{{#if:{{{10|}}}|, |, and }} [[{{{9}}}]] }}{{#if:{{{10|}}}|{{#if:{{{11|}}}|, |, and }} [[{{{10}}}]] }}{{#if:{{{11|}}}|{{#if:{{{12|}}}|, |, and }} [[{{{11}}}]] }}{{#if:{{{12|}}}|{{#if:{{{13|}}}|, |, and }} [[{{{12}}}]] }}{{#if:{{{13|}}}|{{#if:{{{14|}}}|, |, and }} [[{{{13}}}]] }}{{#if:{{{14|}}}|{{#if:{{{15|}}}|, |, and }} [[{{{14}}}]] }}{{#if:{{{15|}}}|, and [[{{{15}}}]] }}{{#if:{{{16|}}}|…'''[[Template:තවද බලන්න]] අවසර දෙන උපරිමය ලිපි 15ක් පමණි''' }}''</div><noinclude> ---- For usage, see talk. [[Category:Section templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:Templates using ParserFunctions|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[en:Template:See also]] [[zh:Template:参看]] </noinclude> User:Chamara Disanayake 1967 5699 2006-06-26T04:20:02Z Chamara Disanayake 104 මම චාමර දිසානායක දැනට LK Domain Registry ආයතනයේ Systems Engineer විධියට වැඩ කරනවා. සිංහලෙන් පරිගණක භාවිතයට ඉඩ සැලසෙන ලෙස පරිගණකය සැකසී‍ම පිළිඹඳව මම ඉතා උනන්දු වෙන‍වා. මම ගැන වැඩි විස්තර [[ http://www.cse.mrt.ac.lk/~chamara | මගේ වෙබ් අඩවියෙන් ලබා ගන්න ]]. ස්තූතියි User:Kylu 1968 5700 2006-06-29T23:09:15Z Kylu 105 de-redlinking userpage Temporary page to keep me from being a redlink. I'm creating an account in order to bring important Wikipedia templates to Sinhala Wikipedia. I know it's sad, but I don't actually speak Sinhala. Please use English when commenting on my talkpage. :) 5706 2006-06-30T03:27:00Z Kylu 105 slight update <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''[[Sinhala|si]]-0'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">This user is unable to contribute with a '''[[:Category:User si-1|basic]]''' level of '''[[:Category:User si|Sinhala]]'''.[[Category:User si|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User si-0|{{PAGENAME}}]]</td> </tr></table></div> <div style="float:left;border:solid #6ef7a7 1px;margin:1px;"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#c5fcdc;" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6ef7a7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt;" | '''[[:en:English language|en]]''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em;" | This user is a '''[[:Category:User en-N|native]]''' speaker of '''[[:Category:User en|English]]'''. |} </div><includeonly>[[Category:User en|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User en-N|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> Temporary page to keep me from being a redlink. I'm creating an account in order to bring important Wikipedia templates to Sinhala Wikipedia. I know it's sad, but I don't actually speak Sinhala. Please use English when commenting on my talkpage. :) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_indefinitely_protected_pages#High_use_templates High Use Templates on en.wp (which I need to move here)] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_protected_pages List of protected pages on en.wp which I need to move here)] Please note: I am not interested in being involved in content disputes. I am simply trying to help with technical matters. Thanks 5717 2006-06-30T21:14:25Z Kylu 105 a bit more done now :[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_indefinitely_protected_pages#High_use_templates High Use Templates on en.wp (which I need to move here)] • [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_protected_pages List of protected pages on en.wp which I need to move here)] {| class="toccolours" style="margin: 0 1em 0 1em;" width="100%" ! align="center" style="background:#ccccff" | Host Wiki ! align="center" style="background:#ccccff" | User Page ! align="center" style="background:#ccccff" | User Talk ! align="center" style="background:#ccccff" | Contributions ! align="center" style="background:#ccccff" | Logs ! align="center" style="background:#ccccff" | Counts |- | [[meta:Main Page|Meta]] | align="center" |[[meta:User:Kylu]] | align="center" |[[meta:User talk:Kylu]] | align="center" | [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/Kylu Contribs] | align="center" | [http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&user=Kylu Logs] | align="center" | n/a |- bgcolor="#f0f0f0" | [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons Commons] | align="center" | [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Kylu User:Kylu] | align="center" | [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Kylu User talk:Kylu] | align="center" | [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/Kylu Contribs] | align="center" | [http://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&user=Kylu Logs] | align="center" | n/a |- | [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page English Wikipedia] | align="center" | [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:User:Kylu User:Kylu] | align="center" | [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:User_talk:Kylu '''User talk:Kylu]''' | align="center" | [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/Kylu Contribs] | align="center" | [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&user=Kylu Logs] | align="center" | [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Interiot/Tool2/code.js?username=Kylu Tool2 Page] |- bgcolor="#f0f0f0" | [http://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page විකිපීඩියා (Sinhala Wikipedia)] | align="center" | [http://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:User:Kylu User:Kylu] | align="center" | [http://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:User_talk:Kylu User talk:Kylu] | align="center" | [http://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/Kylu Contribs] | align="center" | [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&user=Kylu Logs] | align="center" | n/a |- | [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Main_Page Wiktionary] | align="center" | [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/User:Kylu User:Kylu] | align="center" | [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/User_talk:Kylu User talk:Kylu] | align="center" | [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/Kylu Contribs] | align="center" | [http://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&user=Kylu Logs] | align="center" | n/a |- bgcolor="#f0f0f0" | [http://www.countervandalism.org/ Countervandalism (Private)] | align="center" | [http://www.countervandalism.org/wiki/User:Kylu VCN:User:Kylu] | align="center" | [http://www.countervandalism.org/wiki/User_talk:Kylu VCN:User talk:Kylu] | align="center" | [http://www.countervandalism.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/Kylu Contribs] | align="center" | [http://www.countervandalism.org/index.php?title=Special:Log&user=Kylu Logs] | align="center" | n/a |- |} <div style="float:left;border:solid #C0C8FF 1px;margin:1px"> <table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#F0F8FF"><tr> <td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''[[Sinhala|si]]-0'''</td> <td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">This user is unable to contribute with even a '''[[:Category:User si-1|basic]]''' level of '''[[:Category:User si|Sinhala]]'''.[[Category:User si|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User si-0|{{PAGENAME}}]]</td> </tr></table></div> <div style="float:left;border:solid #6ef7a7 1px;margin:1px;"> {| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#c5fcdc;" | style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6ef7a7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt;" | '''[[:en:English language|en]]''' | style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em;" | This user is a '''[[:Category:User en-N|native]]''' speaker of '''[[:Category:User en|English]]'''. |} </div><includeonly>[[Category:User en|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User en-N|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> Template:Note 1969 5701 2006-06-29T23:10:38Z Kylu 105 Template:Note from en.wikipedia.org <noinclude><big>'''Using ref/note tags is not the only way to do [[Wikipedia:Footnotes|footnotes]]. Some people prefer to use [[m:Cite/Cite.php|Cite.php]]. Cite.php has many advantages, but the use of it is not mandatory. You can use the [[User:Cyde/Ref converter|Ref converter]] to replace ref/note tags with the newer [[m:Cite/Cite.php|Cite.php]] style. If you are interested in the discussion, please see the [[Wikipedia_talk:Footnotes|Footnotes talk page]].'''</big> </noinclude><cite id="endnote_{{{1}}}" style="font-style: normal;">[[#ref_{{{1}}}|'''↑''']]</cite>  5702 2006-06-29T23:11:53Z Kylu 105 Copying Cyde's ref converter, renaming link <noinclude><big>'''Using ref/note tags is not the only way to do [[Wikipedia:Footnotes|footnotes]]. Some people prefer to use [[m:Cite/Cite.php|Cite.php]]. Cite.php has many advantages, but the use of it is not mandatory. You can use the [[User:Kylu/Ref converter|Ref converter]] to replace ref/note tags with the newer [[m:Cite/Cite.php|Cite.php]] style. If you are interested in the discussion, please see the [[Wikipedia_talk:Footnotes|Footnotes talk page]].'''</big> </noinclude><cite id="endnote_{{{1}}}" style="font-style: normal;">[[#ref_{{{1}}}|'''↑''']]</cite>  Wikipedia:Copyrights 1970 5703 2006-06-29T23:15:40Z Kylu 105 Copyrights Page (req. translation) {{policy|[[WP:Copyrights]] [[WP:COPY]] [[WP:C]]}} {{Wikipedia copyright}} The license [[Wikipedia]] uses grants free access to our content in the same sense as [[free software]] is licensed freely. This principle is known as '''[[copyleft]]'''. That is to say, Wikipedia content can be copied, modified, and redistributed ''so long as'' the new version grants the same freedoms to others and acknowledges the authors of the Wikipedia article used (a direct link back to the article satisfies our author credit requirement). Wikipedia articles therefore will remain free forever and can be used by anybody subject to certain restrictions, most of which serve to ensure that freedom. To fulfill the above goals, the text contained in Wikipedia is licensed to the public under the '''[[GNU Free Documentation License]]''' (GFDL). The full text of this license is at [[Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License]].  :'''Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the [[Free Software Foundation]]; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts.''' :'''A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "[[Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License|GNU Free Documentation License]]".''' :'''Content on Wikipedia is covered by [[Wikipedia:general disclaimer|disclaimers]].'''  The English text of the GFDL is the only legally binding document; what follows is our interpretation of the GFDL: the rights and obligations of users and contributors. IMPORTANT: If you want to use content from Wikipedia, first read the [[Wikipedia:Copyrights#Users'_rights_and_obligations|Users' rights and obligations]] section. You should then read the [[Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License|GNU Free Documentation License]]. == Users' rights and obligations == If you want to use Wikipedia materials in your own books/articles/web sites or other publications, you can do so, but you have to follow the GFDL. If you are simply duplicating the Wikipedia article, you must follow [[Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License#VERBATIM COPYING|section two]] of the GFDL on ''verbatim copying'', as discussed at [[Wikipedia:Verbatim copying]]. If you create a derivative version by changing or adding content, this entails the following: * your materials in turn have to be licensed under GFDL, * you must acknowledge the authorship of the article (section 4B), and * you must provide access to the "transparent copy" of the material (section 4J). (The "transparent copy" of a Wikipedia article is any of a number of formats available from us, including the wiki text, the html web pages, xml feed, etc.) You may be able to partially fulfill the latter two obligations by providing a conspicuous direct link back to the Wikipedia article hosted on this website. You also need to provide access to a transparent copy of the new text. However, please note that the Wikimedia Foundation makes no guarantee to retain authorship information and a transparent copy of articles. Therefore, you are encouraged to provide this authorship information and a transparent copy with your derived works. === Example notice === An example notice, for an article that uses the Wikipedia article [[Metasyntactic variable]] might read as follows: : This article is licensed under the <a href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html">GNU Free Documentation License</a>. It uses material from the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metasyntactic_variable">Wikipedia article "Metasyntactic variable"</a>. ("Metasyntactic variable" and the Wikipedia URL must of course be substituted accordingly.) Alternatively you can distribute your copy of "Metasyntactic variable" along with a copy of the GFDL (as explained in the text) and list at least five (or all if fewer than five) principal authors on the title page (or top of the document). The external [http://vs.aka-online.de/wppagehiststat/ Page History Stats] tool can help you identify the principal authors. === Fair use materials and special requirements === All original Wikipedia text is distributed under the [[GNU Free Documentation License|GFDL]]. Occasionally, Wikipedia articles may include images, sounds, or text quotes used under the U.S. Copyright law "[[Wikipedia:Fair use|fair use]]" doctrine. It is preferred that these be obtained under the most free ([[libre]]) license (such as the GFDL or public domain) practical. In cases where no such images/sounds are currently available, then fair use images are acceptable (until such time as free images become available). ''In Wikipedia'', such "fair use" material should be identified as from an external source (on the image description page, or history page, as appropriate). This also leads to possible restrictions on the use, outside of Wikipedia, of such "fair use" content retrieved from Wikipedia: this "fair use" content does not fall under the GFDL license as such, but under the "fair use" (or similar/different) regulations in the country where the media are retrieved. Wikipedia does use some text under licenses that are compatible with the GFDL but may require additional terms that we do not require for original Wikipedia text (such as including Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts, or Back-Cover Texts). When wanting to contribute such texts that include Invariant Sections or Cover Texts to Wikipedia, see ''[[#Introducing invariant sections or cover texts in Wikipedia|Introducing invariant sections or cover texts in Wikipedia]]'' below. == Image guidelines == Images and photographs, like written works, are subject to [[copyright]]. Someone owns them unless they have been explicitly placed in the [[Wikipedia:public domain|public domain]]. Images on the internet need to be licensed directly from the copyright holder or someone able to license on their behalf. In some cases, [[fair use]] guidelines may allow a photograph to be used. === Tagging === Image description pages can be tagged with a special tag to indicate the legal status of the images, as described at [[Wikipedia:Image copyright tags]]. It is currently unclear what should happen in cases where the same image has been uploaded more than once with different respective copyright statements. === U.S. government photographs === Works produced by civilian and military employees of the [[United States]] federal government in the scope of their employment are public domain by statute. However, note that, despite popular misconception, the U.S. Federal Government can own copyrights that are assigned to it by others (for example, works created by contractors). Be careful, however: not all images on .mil and .gov websites are public domain. Among other reasons, the site may be using commercial [[stock photography]] owned by others. It may be useful to check the privacy and security notice of the website, but only with an email to the webmaster can you be confident that an image is in the public domain. It should also be noted that governments outside the U.S. often do claim copyright over works produced by their employees (for example, [[Crown Copyright]] in the [[United Kingdom]]). Also, most state and local governments in the United States do not place their work into the public domain and do in fact own the copyright to their work. Please be careful to check ownership information before copying. === UK Crown Copyright === The UK [[Office of Public Sector Information]], formerly [[HMSO]], has told us: : ''[[Crown copyright]] protection in published material lasts for fifty years from the end of the year in which the material was first published. Therefore [for example] material published [fifty-one years ago], and any Crown copyright material published before that date, would now be out of copyright, and may be freely reproduced throughout the world.'' [http://mail.wikipedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2005-May/039688.html] === Celebrity photographs === This is based on the image guidelines at [[IMDB]], so it especially applies to celebrity photographs, but also can apply to other pictures. Legitimate photographs generally come from three different places '''with permission'''. # The studios, producers, magazine publisher, or media outlet that originally shot the photograph. # Agencies that represent the photographers who shot the photos or the photographer themself (the latter especially for amateur photographs) # Submissions from the celebrity himself or herself or a legal representative of the celebrity. == Comments on copyright laws by country == ===Russia: copyright exemptions === According to the Russian copyright law of 1993 ([http://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D1%82_9.07.1993_%E2%84%96_5351-1 Федеральный закон от 9.07.1993 № 5351-1]), the following items are not subject to copyrights: *Official documents (laws, court decisions, other texts of legislative, administrative or judicial character); *State symbols and tokens (flags, coats of arms, [[order (decoration)|order]]s, banknotes and other state symbols and tokens); *Folk creative works; *Reports about events and facts, of informative character. Russian copyrights generally expire in 70 years after the death of the author. Items by authors who died prior to 1953 are public domain, because the expiration term was 50 years before 2004, and this change of the term wasn't retroactive, according to [http://www.copyrighter.ru/full/index.html?apispnew.htm Law 72-FZ, 2004 (in Russian)], article 2, part 3). If an item was not published during author's life, its copyright expire in 70 years after its first lawful publication (if the item wasn't moved into [[Public domain|PD]] before). This gives maximum term for unpublished or posthumously published works of 140 (if the author died after 1953) or 120 years (if the author died before 1953, AND his work was published before 2003). If an item was published anonymously or pseudonymously, and its author remains unknown, its copyright expires in 70 years after its first lawful publication. If the author is discovered, usual rule applies. PD status of a work in Russia can differ with that in the US, where Wikipedia servers are located. ===Algeria=== Article 9 of Algeria's [http://lexinter.net/DZ/ordonnance_relative_aux_droits_d%27auteur_et_aux_droits_voisins.htm Ordonnance N°97-10 du 27 Chaoual 1417 correspondant au 6 mars 1997 relative aux droits d'auteur et aux droits voisins.] states that: "Works of the State made licitly accessible to the public may be freely used for non-profit purposes, subject to respect for the integrity of the work and indication of its source. By "works of the State", in this article, are meant works produced and published by the various organs of the State, local communities, or public establishments of an administrative character." (original is in French.) In short, they are available for non-commercial use - which is deprecated on Wikipedia. ===Iran=== Although there has been no treaty between Iran and the United States regarding copyright protection, according to [[Jimbo Wales]], Wikipedia contributors should respect Iranian copyright law as best they can, the same as they do for other countries around the world. [http://mail.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikien-l/2005-August/027373.html] == Contributors' rights and obligations == If you contribute material to Wikipedia, you thereby license it to the public under the GFDL (with no invariant sections, front-cover texts, or back-cover texts). In order to contribute, you therefore must be in a position to grant this license, which means that either * you own the copyright to the material, for instance because you produced it yourself, or * you acquired the material from a source that allows the licensing under GFDL, for instance because the material is in the [[public domain]] or is itself published under GFDL. In the first case, you retain copyright to your materials. You can later republish and relicense them in any way you like. However, you can never retract the GFDL license for the versions you placed here: that material will remain under GFDL forever. In the second case, if you incorporate external GFDL materials, as a requirement of the GFDL, you need to acknowledge the authorship and provide a link back to the network location of the original copy. ===Introducing invariant sections or cover texts in Wikipedia=== Under Wikipedia's current copyright conditions, and with the current facilities of the MediaWiki software, it is only possible to include in Wikipedia external GFDL materials that contain invariant sections or cover texts, if all of the following apply, # You are the copyright holder of these external GFDL materials (or: you have the explicit, i.e. written, permission of the copyright holder to do what follows); # The length and nature of these invariant sections and cover texts does not exceed what can be placed in an [[wikipedia:edit summary|edit summary]]; # You are satisfied that these invariant sections and cover texts are not listed elsewhere than in the "page history" of the page where these external materials are placed; # You are satisfied that further copies of Wikipedia content are distributed under the standard GFDL application of "with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts" (in other words, for the copies derived from wikipedia, you agree that these parts of the text contributed by you will no longer be considered as "invariant sections" or "cover texts" in the GFDL sense); # The original invariant sections and/or cover texts are contained in the edit summary of the edit with which you introduce the thus GFDLed materials in wikipedia (so, that if "permanent deletion" would be applied to that edit, both the thus GFDLed material and its invariant sections and cover texts are jointly deleted). Seen the stringent conditions above, it is very desirable to replace GFDL texts with invariant sections (or with cover texts) by original content without invariant sections (or cover texts) whenever possible. === Using copyrighted work from others === If you use part of a copyrighted work under "[[Wikipedia:fair use|fair use]]", or if you obtain special permission to use a copyrighted work from the copyright holder under the terms of our license, you must make a note of that fact (along with names and dates). It is our goal to be able to freely redistribute as much of Wikipedia's material as possible, so original images and sound files licensed under the GFDL or in the [[public domain]] are greatly preferred to copyrighted media files used under fair use. See [[Wikipedia:Boilerplate request for permission]] for a form letter asking a copyright holder to grant us a license to use their work under terms of the GFDL. Never use materials that infringe the copyrights of others. This could create legal liabilities and seriously hurt the project. If in doubt, write it yourself. Note that copyright law governs the ''creative expression'' of ideas, not the ideas or information themselves. Therefore, it is legal to read an encyclopedia article or other work, reformulate the concepts in your own words, and submit it to Wikipedia. However, it would still be unethical (but not illegal) to do so without citing the original as a reference. See [[plagiarism]] and [[fair use]] for discussions of how much reformulation is necessary in a general context. === Linking to copyrighted works === Linking to copyrighted works is usually not a problem, as long as you have made a reasonable effort to determine that the page in question is not violating ''someone else's'' copyright. If it is, please do ''not'' link to the page. Whether such a link is contributory infringement is currently being debated in the courts,{{fact}} but in any case, linking to a site that illegally distributes someone else's work sheds a bad light on us. If the site in question is making fair use of the material, linking is OK. === If you find a copyright infringement === It is not the job of rank-and-file Wikipedians to police content for possible copyright infringement, but if you suspect one, you should at the very least bring up the issue on that page's talk page. Others can then examine the situation and take action if needed. The most helpful piece of information you can provide is a URL or other reference to what you believe may be the source of the text. Some cases will be false alarms. For example, if the contributor was in fact the author of the text that is published elsewhere under different terms, that does not affect their right to post it here under the GFDL. Also, sometimes you will find text elsewhere on the Web that was copied from Wikipedia. In both of these cases, it is a good idea to make a note in the talk page to discourage such false alarms in the future. If some of the content of a page really is an infringement, then the infringing content should be removed, and a note to that effect should be made on the talk page, along with the original source. If the author's permission is obtained later, the text can be restored. If ''all'' of the content of a page is a suspected copyright infringement, then the page should be listed on [[Wikipedia:Copyright problems]] and the content of the page replaced by the standard notice which you can find there. If, after a week, the page still appears to be a copyright infringement, then it may be deleted following the procedures on the votes page. In extreme cases of contributors continuing to post copyrighted material after appropriate warnings, such users may be blocked from editing to protect the project. == See also == * [[Wikipedia:Copyright FAQ]] * The [[Wikipedia:Contributing FAQ]] for questions on copyright. * Wikipedia's [[Wikipedia:designated agent|designated agent]] under [[OCILLA]] * [[Wikipedia:Sites that use Wikipedia as a source]] * [[Wikipedia:Standard GFDL violation letter]] * [[Wikipedia:Possible copyright infringements]] * [[Wikipedia:Spotting possible copyright violations]] * [[Wikipedia:Fair use]] * [[Wikipedia:Image copyright tags]] * [[Wikipedia:Boilerplate request for permission]] Further discussion... * [[Wikipedia:Copyright issues]] * [[m:Wikipedia and copyright issues]] * [[m:Avoid Copyright Paranoia]] * [[m:Permission grant extent]] [[Category:Permanently protected|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:Wikipedia copyright|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:Wikipedia official policy|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:Copyrights]] [[de:Wikipedia:Lizenzbestimmungen]] [[da:Wikipedia:Ophavsret]] [[es:Wikipedia:Derechos de autor]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Copyright]] [[it:Aiuto:Copyright]] [[ja:Wikipedia:著作権]] [[ko:위키백과:저작권]] [[lb:Wikipedia:Copyright]] [[hu:Wikipédia:Copyright]] [[nl:Wikipedia:Auteursrechten]] [[no:Wikipedia:Opphavsrett]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Prawa autorskie]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Direitos de autor]] [[rmy:Vikipidiya:Autorenge xakaya (chachimata)]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Copyrights]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Avtorske pravice]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Upphovsrätt]] [[vi:Wikipedia:Quyền tác giả]] [[th:วิกิพีเดีย:ลิขสิทธิ์]] [[tr:Vikipedi:Telif hakları]] [[uk:Вікіпедія:Авторське право]] [[zh:Wikipedia:版权信息]] 5711 2006-06-30T05:56:44Z Ruwan 82 Wikipedia:Copyrights {{policy|[[WP:කර්තෘ හිමිකම්]] [[WP:COPY]] [[WP:C]]}} {{Wikipedia කර්තෘ හිමිකම}} The license [[Wikipedia]] uses grants free access to our content in the same sense as [[free software]] is licensed freely. This principle is known as '''[[copyleft]]'''. That is to say, Wikipedia content can be copied, modified, and redistributed ''so long as'' the new version grants the same freedoms to others and acknowledges the authors of the Wikipedia article used (a direct link back to the article satisfies our author credit requirement). Wikipedia articles therefore will remain free forever and can be used by anybody subject to certain restrictions, most of which serve to ensure that freedom. To fulfill the above goals, the text contained in Wikipedia is licensed to the public under the '''[[GNU Free Documentation License]]''' (GFDL). The full text of this license is at [[Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License]].  :'''Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the [[Free Software Foundation]]; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts.''' :'''A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "[[Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License|GNU Free Documentation License]]".''' :'''Content on Wikipedia is covered by [[Wikipedia:general disclaimer|disclaimers]].'''  The English text of the GFDL is the only legally binding document; what follows is our interpretation of the GFDL: the rights and obligations of users and contributors. IMPORTANT: If you want to use content from Wikipedia, first read the [[Wikipedia:Copyrights#Users'_rights_and_obligations|Users' rights and obligations]] section. You should then read the [[Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License|GNU Free Documentation License]]. == Users' rights and obligations == If you want to use Wikipedia materials in your own books/articles/web sites or other publications, you can do so, but you have to follow the GFDL. If you are simply duplicating the Wikipedia article, you must follow [[Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License#VERBATIM COPYING|section two]] of the GFDL on ''verbatim copying'', as discussed at [[Wikipedia:Verbatim copying]]. If you create a derivative version by changing or adding content, this entails the following: * your materials in turn have to be licensed under GFDL, * you must acknowledge the authorship of the article (section 4B), and * you must provide access to the "transparent copy" of the material (section 4J). (The "transparent copy" of a Wikipedia article is any of a number of formats available from us, including the wiki text, the html web pages, xml feed, etc.) You may be able to partially fulfill the latter two obligations by providing a conspicuous direct link back to the Wikipedia article hosted on this website. You also need to provide access to a transparent copy of the new text. However, please note that the Wikimedia Foundation makes no guarantee to retain authorship information and a transparent copy of articles. Therefore, you are encouraged to provide this authorship information and a transparent copy with your derived works. === Example notice === An example notice, for an article that uses the Wikipedia article [[Metasyntactic variable]] might read as follows: : This article is licensed under the <a href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html">GNU Free Documentation License</a>. It uses material from the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metasyntactic_variable">Wikipedia article "Metasyntactic variable"</a>. ("Metasyntactic variable" and the Wikipedia URL must of course be substituted accordingly.) Alternatively you can distribute your copy of "Metasyntactic variable" along with a copy of the GFDL (as explained in the text) and list at least five (or all if fewer than five) principal authors on the title page (or top of the document). The external [http://vs.aka-online.de/wppagehiststat/ Page History Stats] tool can help you identify the principal authors. === Fair use materials and special requirements === All original Wikipedia text is distributed under the [[GNU Free Documentation License|GFDL]]. Occasionally, Wikipedia articles may include images, sounds, or text quotes used under the U.S. Copyright law "[[Wikipedia:Fair use|fair use]]" doctrine. It is preferred that these be obtained under the most free ([[libre]]) license (such as the GFDL or public domain) practical. In cases where no such images/sounds are currently available, then fair use images are acceptable (until such time as free images become available). ''In Wikipedia'', such "fair use" material should be identified as from an external source (on the image description page, or history page, as appropriate). This also leads to possible restrictions on the use, outside of Wikipedia, of such "fair use" content retrieved from Wikipedia: this "fair use" content does not fall under the GFDL license as such, but under the "fair use" (or similar/different) regulations in the country where the media are retrieved. Wikipedia does use some text under licenses that are compatible with the GFDL but may require additional terms that we do not require for original Wikipedia text (such as including Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts, or Back-Cover Texts). When wanting to contribute such texts that include Invariant Sections or Cover Texts to Wikipedia, see ''[[#Introducing invariant sections or cover texts in Wikipedia|Introducing invariant sections or cover texts in Wikipedia]]'' below. == Image guidelines == Images and photographs, like written works, are subject to [[copyright]]. Someone owns them unless they have been explicitly placed in the [[Wikipedia:public domain|public domain]]. Images on the internet need to be licensed directly from the copyright holder or someone able to license on their behalf. In some cases, [[fair use]] guidelines may allow a photograph to be used. === Tagging === Image description pages can be tagged with a special tag to indicate the legal status of the images, as described at [[Wikipedia:Image copyright tags]]. It is currently unclear what should happen in cases where the same image has been uploaded more than once with different respective copyright statements. === U.S. government photographs === Works produced by civilian and military employees of the [[United States]] federal government in the scope of their employment are public domain by statute. However, note that, despite popular misconception, the U.S. Federal Government can own copyrights that are assigned to it by others (for example, works created by contractors). Be careful, however: not all images on .mil and .gov websites are public domain. Among other reasons, the site may be using commercial [[stock photography]] owned by others. It may be useful to check the privacy and security notice of the website, but only with an email to the webmaster can you be confident that an image is in the public domain. It should also be noted that governments outside the U.S. often do claim copyright over works produced by their employees (for example, [[Crown Copyright]] in the [[United Kingdom]]). Also, most state and local governments in the United States do not place their work into the public domain and do in fact own the copyright to their work. Please be careful to check ownership information before copying. === UK Crown Copyright === The UK [[Office of Public Sector Information]], formerly [[HMSO]], has told us: : ''[[Crown copyright]] protection in published material lasts for fifty years from the end of the year in which the material was first published. Therefore [for example] material published [fifty-one years ago], and any Crown copyright material published before that date, would now be out of copyright, and may be freely reproduced throughout the world.'' [http://mail.wikipedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2005-May/039688.html] === Celebrity photographs === This is based on the image guidelines at [[IMDB]], so it especially applies to celebrity photographs, but also can apply to other pictures. Legitimate photographs generally come from three different places '''with permission'''. # The studios, producers, magazine publisher, or media outlet that originally shot the photograph. # Agencies that represent the photographers who shot the photos or the photographer themself (the latter especially for amateur photographs) # Submissions from the celebrity himself or herself or a legal representative of the celebrity. == Comments on copyright laws by country == ===Russia: copyright exemptions === According to the Russian copyright law of 1993 ([http://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D1%82_9.07.1993_%E2%84%96_5351-1 Федеральный закон от 9.07.1993 № 5351-1]), the following items are not subject to copyrights: *Official documents (laws, court decisions, other texts of legislative, administrative or judicial character); *State symbols and tokens (flags, coats of arms, [[order (decoration)|order]]s, banknotes and other state symbols and tokens); *Folk creative works; *Reports about events and facts, of informative character. Russian copyrights generally expire in 70 years after the death of the author. Items by authors who died prior to 1953 are public domain, because the expiration term was 50 years before 2004, and this change of the term wasn't retroactive, according to [http://www.copyrighter.ru/full/index.html?apispnew.htm Law 72-FZ, 2004 (in Russian)], article 2, part 3). If an item was not published during author's life, its copyright expire in 70 years after its first lawful publication (if the item wasn't moved into [[Public domain|PD]] before). This gives maximum term for unpublished or posthumously published works of 140 (if the author died after 1953) or 120 years (if the author died before 1953, AND his work was published before 2003). If an item was published anonymously or pseudonymously, and its author remains unknown, its copyright expires in 70 years after its first lawful publication. If the author is discovered, usual rule applies. PD status of a work in Russia can differ with that in the US, where Wikipedia servers are located. ===Algeria=== Article 9 of Algeria's [http://lexinter.net/DZ/ordonnance_relative_aux_droits_d%27auteur_et_aux_droits_voisins.htm Ordonnance N°97-10 du 27 Chaoual 1417 correspondant au 6 mars 1997 relative aux droits d'auteur et aux droits voisins.] states that: "Works of the State made licitly accessible to the public may be freely used for non-profit purposes, subject to respect for the integrity of the work and indication of its source. By "works of the State", in this article, are meant works produced and published by the various organs of the State, local communities, or public establishments of an administrative character." (original is in French.) In short, they are available for non-commercial use - which is deprecated on Wikipedia. ===Iran=== Although there has been no treaty between Iran and the United States regarding copyright protection, according to [[Jimbo Wales]], Wikipedia contributors should respect Iranian copyright law as best they can, the same as they do for other countries around the world. [http://mail.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikien-l/2005-August/027373.html] == Contributors' rights and obligations == If you contribute material to Wikipedia, you thereby license it to the public under the GFDL (with no invariant sections, front-cover texts, or back-cover texts). In order to contribute, you therefore must be in a position to grant this license, which means that either * you own the copyright to the material, for instance because you produced it yourself, or * you acquired the material from a source that allows the licensing under GFDL, for instance because the material is in the [[public domain]] or is itself published under GFDL. In the first case, you retain copyright to your materials. You can later republish and relicense them in any way you like. However, you can never retract the GFDL license for the versions you placed here: that material will remain under GFDL forever. In the second case, if you incorporate external GFDL materials, as a requirement of the GFDL, you need to acknowledge the authorship and provide a link back to the network location of the original copy. ===Introducing invariant sections or cover texts in Wikipedia=== Under Wikipedia's current copyright conditions, and with the current facilities of the MediaWiki software, it is only possible to include in Wikipedia external GFDL materials that contain invariant sections or cover texts, if all of the following apply, # You are the copyright holder of these external GFDL materials (or: you have the explicit, i.e. written, permission of the copyright holder to do what follows); # The length and nature of these invariant sections and cover texts does not exceed what can be placed in an [[wikipedia:edit summary|edit summary]]; # You are satisfied that these invariant sections and cover texts are not listed elsewhere than in the "page history" of the page where these external materials are placed; # You are satisfied that further copies of Wikipedia content are distributed under the standard GFDL application of "with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts" (in other words, for the copies derived from wikipedia, you agree that these parts of the text contributed by you will no longer be considered as "invariant sections" or "cover texts" in the GFDL sense); # The original invariant sections and/or cover texts are contained in the edit summary of the edit with which you introduce the thus GFDLed materials in wikipedia (so, that if "permanent deletion" would be applied to that edit, both the thus GFDLed material and its invariant sections and cover texts are jointly deleted). Seen the stringent conditions above, it is very desirable to replace GFDL texts with invariant sections (or with cover texts) by original content without invariant sections (or cover texts) whenever possible. === Using copyrighted work from others === If you use part of a copyrighted work under "[[Wikipedia:fair use|fair use]]", or if you obtain special permission to use a copyrighted work from the copyright holder under the terms of our license, you must make a note of that fact (along with names and dates). It is our goal to be able to freely redistribute as much of Wikipedia's material as possible, so original images and sound files licensed under the GFDL or in the [[public domain]] are greatly preferred to copyrighted media files used under fair use. See [[Wikipedia:Boilerplate request for permission]] for a form letter asking a copyright holder to grant us a license to use their work under terms of the GFDL. Never use materials that infringe the copyrights of others. This could create legal liabilities and seriously hurt the project. If in doubt, write it yourself. Note that copyright law governs the ''creative expression'' of ideas, not the ideas or information themselves. Therefore, it is legal to read an encyclopedia article or other work, reformulate the concepts in your own words, and submit it to Wikipedia. However, it would still be unethical (but not illegal) to do so without citing the original as a reference. See [[plagiarism]] and [[fair use]] for discussions of how much reformulation is necessary in a general context. === Linking to copyrighted works === Linking to copyrighted works is usually not a problem, as long as you have made a reasonable effort to determine that the page in question is not violating ''someone else's'' copyright. If it is, please do ''not'' link to the page. Whether such a link is contributory infringement is currently being debated in the courts,{{fact}} but in any case, linking to a site that illegally distributes someone else's work sheds a bad light on us. If the site in question is making fair use of the material, linking is OK. === If you find a copyright infringement === It is not the job of rank-and-file Wikipedians to police content for possible copyright infringement, but if you suspect one, you should at the very least bring up the issue on that page's talk page. Others can then examine the situation and take action if needed. The most helpful piece of information you can provide is a URL or other reference to what you believe may be the source of the text. Some cases will be false alarms. For example, if the contributor was in fact the author of the text that is published elsewhere under different terms, that does not affect their right to post it here under the GFDL. Also, sometimes you will find text elsewhere on the Web that was copied from Wikipedia. In both of these cases, it is a good idea to make a note in the talk page to discourage such false alarms in the future. If some of the content of a page really is an infringement, then the infringing content should be removed, and a note to that effect should be made on the talk page, along with the original source. If the author's permission is obtained later, the text can be restored. If ''all'' of the content of a page is a suspected copyright infringement, then the page should be listed on [[Wikipedia:Copyright problems]] and the content of the page replaced by the standard notice which you can find there. If, after a week, the page still appears to be a copyright infringement, then it may be deleted following the procedures on the votes page. In extreme cases of contributors continuing to post copyrighted material after appropriate warnings, such users may be blocked from editing to protect the project. == See also == * [[Wikipedia:Copyright FAQ]] * The [[Wikipedia:Contributing FAQ]] for questions on copyright. * Wikipedia's [[Wikipedia:designated agent|designated agent]] under [[OCILLA]] * [[Wikipedia:Sites that use Wikipedia as a source]] * [[Wikipedia:Standard GFDL violation letter]] * [[Wikipedia:Possible copyright infringements]] * [[Wikipedia:Spotting possible copyright violations]] * [[Wikipedia:Fair use]] * [[Wikipedia:Image copyright tags]] * [[Wikipedia:Boilerplate request for permission]] Further discussion... * [[Wikipedia:Copyright issues]] * [[m:Wikipedia and copyright issues]] * [[m:Avoid Copyright Paranoia]] * [[m:Permission grant extent]] [[Category:Permanently protected|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:Wikipedia copyright|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:Wikipedia official policy|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:Copyrights]] [[de:Wikipedia:Lizenzbestimmungen]] [[da:Wikipedia:Ophavsret]] [[es:Wikipedia:Derechos de autor]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Copyright]] [[it:Aiuto:Copyright]] [[ja:Wikipedia:著作権]] [[ko:위키백과:저작권]] [[lb:Wikipedia:Copyright]] [[hu:Wikipédia:Copyright]] [[nl:Wikipedia:Auteursrechten]] [[no:Wikipedia:Opphavsrett]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Prawa autorskie]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Direitos de autor]] [[rmy:Vikipidiya:Autorenge xakaya (chachimata)]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Copyrights]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Avtorske pravice]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Upphovsrätt]] [[vi:Wikipedia:Quyền tác giả]] [[th:วิกิพีเดีย:ลิขสิทธิ์]] [[tr:Vikipedi:Telif hakları]] [[uk:Вікіпедія:Авторське право]] [[zh:Wikipedia:版权信息]] 5712 2006-06-30T06:03:47Z Ruwan 82 Wikipedia:Copyrights {{ප්‍රතිපත්තිය|[[WP:කර්තෘ හිමිකම්]] [[WP:COPY]] [[WP:C]]}} {{විකිපීඩියා කර්තෘ හිමිකම}} The license [[Wikipedia]] uses grants free access to our content in the same sense as [[free software]] is licensed freely. This principle is known as '''[[copyleft]]'''. That is to say, Wikipedia content can be copied, modified, and redistributed ''so long as'' the new version grants the same freedoms to others and acknowledges the authors of the Wikipedia article used (a direct link back to the article satisfies our author credit requirement). Wikipedia articles therefore will remain free forever and can be used by anybody subject to certain restrictions, most of which serve to ensure that freedom. To fulfill the above goals, the text contained in Wikipedia is licensed to the public under the '''[[GNU Free Documentation License]]''' (GFDL). The full text of this license is at [[Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License]].  :'''Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the [[Free Software Foundation]]; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts.''' :'''A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "[[Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License|GNU Free Documentation License]]".''' :'''Content on Wikipedia is covered by [[Wikipedia:general disclaimer|disclaimers]].'''  The English text of the GFDL is the only legally binding document; what follows is our interpretation of the GFDL: the rights and obligations of users and contributors. IMPORTANT: If you want to use content from Wikipedia, first read the [[Wikipedia:Copyrights#Users'_rights_and_obligations|Users' rights and obligations]] section. You should then read the [[Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License|GNU Free Documentation License]]. == Users' rights and obligations == If you want to use Wikipedia materials in your own books/articles/web sites or other publications, you can do so, but you have to follow the GFDL. If you are simply duplicating the Wikipedia article, you must follow [[Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License#VERBATIM COPYING|section two]] of the GFDL on ''verbatim copying'', as discussed at [[Wikipedia:Verbatim copying]]. If you create a derivative version by changing or adding content, this entails the following: * your materials in turn have to be licensed under GFDL, * you must acknowledge the authorship of the article (section 4B), and * you must provide access to the "transparent copy" of the material (section 4J). (The "transparent copy" of a Wikipedia article is any of a number of formats available from us, including the wiki text, the html web pages, xml feed, etc.) You may be able to partially fulfill the latter two obligations by providing a conspicuous direct link back to the Wikipedia article hosted on this website. You also need to provide access to a transparent copy of the new text. However, please note that the Wikimedia Foundation makes no guarantee to retain authorship information and a transparent copy of articles. Therefore, you are encouraged to provide this authorship information and a transparent copy with your derived works. === Example notice === An example notice, for an article that uses the Wikipedia article [[Metasyntactic variable]] might read as follows: : This article is licensed under the <a href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html">GNU Free Documentation License</a>. It uses material from the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metasyntactic_variable">Wikipedia article "Metasyntactic variable"</a>. ("Metasyntactic variable" and the Wikipedia URL must of course be substituted accordingly.) Alternatively you can distribute your copy of "Metasyntactic variable" along with a copy of the GFDL (as explained in the text) and list at least five (or all if fewer than five) principal authors on the title page (or top of the document). The external [http://vs.aka-online.de/wppagehiststat/ Page History Stats] tool can help you identify the principal authors. === Fair use materials and special requirements === All original Wikipedia text is distributed under the [[GNU Free Documentation License|GFDL]]. Occasionally, Wikipedia articles may include images, sounds, or text quotes used under the U.S. Copyright law "[[Wikipedia:Fair use|fair use]]" doctrine. It is preferred that these be obtained under the most free ([[libre]]) license (such as the GFDL or public domain) practical. In cases where no such images/sounds are currently available, then fair use images are acceptable (until such time as free images become available). ''In Wikipedia'', such "fair use" material should be identified as from an external source (on the image description page, or history page, as appropriate). This also leads to possible restrictions on the use, outside of Wikipedia, of such "fair use" content retrieved from Wikipedia: this "fair use" content does not fall under the GFDL license as such, but under the "fair use" (or similar/different) regulations in the country where the media are retrieved. Wikipedia does use some text under licenses that are compatible with the GFDL but may require additional terms that we do not require for original Wikipedia text (such as including Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts, or Back-Cover Texts). When wanting to contribute such texts that include Invariant Sections or Cover Texts to Wikipedia, see ''[[#Introducing invariant sections or cover texts in Wikipedia|Introducing invariant sections or cover texts in Wikipedia]]'' below. == Image guidelines == Images and photographs, like written works, are subject to [[copyright]]. Someone owns them unless they have been explicitly placed in the [[Wikipedia:public domain|public domain]]. Images on the internet need to be licensed directly from the copyright holder or someone able to license on their behalf. In some cases, [[fair use]] guidelines may allow a photograph to be used. === Tagging === Image description pages can be tagged with a special tag to indicate the legal status of the images, as described at [[Wikipedia:Image copyright tags]]. It is currently unclear what should happen in cases where the same image has been uploaded more than once with different respective copyright statements. === U.S. government photographs === Works produced by civilian and military employees of the [[United States]] federal government in the scope of their employment are public domain by statute. However, note that, despite popular misconception, the U.S. Federal Government can own copyrights that are assigned to it by others (for example, works created by contractors). Be careful, however: not all images on .mil and .gov websites are public domain. Among other reasons, the site may be using commercial [[stock photography]] owned by others. It may be useful to check the privacy and security notice of the website, but only with an email to the webmaster can you be confident that an image is in the public domain. It should also be noted that governments outside the U.S. often do claim copyright over works produced by their employees (for example, [[Crown Copyright]] in the [[United Kingdom]]). Also, most state and local governments in the United States do not place their work into the public domain and do in fact own the copyright to their work. Please be careful to check ownership information before copying. === UK Crown Copyright === The UK [[Office of Public Sector Information]], formerly [[HMSO]], has told us: : ''[[Crown copyright]] protection in published material lasts for fifty years from the end of the year in which the material was first published. Therefore [for example] material published [fifty-one years ago], and any Crown copyright material published before that date, would now be out of copyright, and may be freely reproduced throughout the world.'' [http://mail.wikipedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2005-May/039688.html] === Celebrity photographs === This is based on the image guidelines at [[IMDB]], so it especially applies to celebrity photographs, but also can apply to other pictures. Legitimate photographs generally come from three different places '''with permission'''. # The studios, producers, magazine publisher, or media outlet that originally shot the photograph. # Agencies that represent the photographers who shot the photos or the photographer themself (the latter especially for amateur photographs) # Submissions from the celebrity himself or herself or a legal representative of the celebrity. == Comments on copyright laws by country == ===Russia: copyright exemptions === According to the Russian copyright law of 1993 ([http://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D1%82_9.07.1993_%E2%84%96_5351-1 Федеральный закон от 9.07.1993 № 5351-1]), the following items are not subject to copyrights: *Official documents (laws, court decisions, other texts of legislative, administrative or judicial character); *State symbols and tokens (flags, coats of arms, [[order (decoration)|order]]s, banknotes and other state symbols and tokens); *Folk creative works; *Reports about events and facts, of informative character. Russian copyrights generally expire in 70 years after the death of the author. Items by authors who died prior to 1953 are public domain, because the expiration term was 50 years before 2004, and this change of the term wasn't retroactive, according to [http://www.copyrighter.ru/full/index.html?apispnew.htm Law 72-FZ, 2004 (in Russian)], article 2, part 3). If an item was not published during author's life, its copyright expire in 70 years after its first lawful publication (if the item wasn't moved into [[Public domain|PD]] before). This gives maximum term for unpublished or posthumously published works of 140 (if the author died after 1953) or 120 years (if the author died before 1953, AND his work was published before 2003). If an item was published anonymously or pseudonymously, and its author remains unknown, its copyright expires in 70 years after its first lawful publication. If the author is discovered, usual rule applies. PD status of a work in Russia can differ with that in the US, where Wikipedia servers are located. ===Algeria=== Article 9 of Algeria's [http://lexinter.net/DZ/ordonnance_relative_aux_droits_d%27auteur_et_aux_droits_voisins.htm Ordonnance N°97-10 du 27 Chaoual 1417 correspondant au 6 mars 1997 relative aux droits d'auteur et aux droits voisins.] states that: "Works of the State made licitly accessible to the public may be freely used for non-profit purposes, subject to respect for the integrity of the work and indication of its source. By "works of the State", in this article, are meant works produced and published by the various organs of the State, local communities, or public establishments of an administrative character." (original is in French.) In short, they are available for non-commercial use - which is deprecated on Wikipedia. ===Iran=== Although there has been no treaty between Iran and the United States regarding copyright protection, according to [[Jimbo Wales]], Wikipedia contributors should respect Iranian copyright law as best they can, the same as they do for other countries around the world. [http://mail.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikien-l/2005-August/027373.html] == Contributors' rights and obligations == If you contribute material to Wikipedia, you thereby license it to the public under the GFDL (with no invariant sections, front-cover texts, or back-cover texts). In order to contribute, you therefore must be in a position to grant this license, which means that either * you own the copyright to the material, for instance because you produced it yourself, or * you acquired the material from a source that allows the licensing under GFDL, for instance because the material is in the [[public domain]] or is itself published under GFDL. In the first case, you retain copyright to your materials. You can later republish and relicense them in any way you like. However, you can never retract the GFDL license for the versions you placed here: that material will remain under GFDL forever. In the second case, if you incorporate external GFDL materials, as a requirement of the GFDL, you need to acknowledge the authorship and provide a link back to the network location of the original copy. ===Introducing invariant sections or cover texts in Wikipedia=== Under Wikipedia's current copyright conditions, and with the current facilities of the MediaWiki software, it is only possible to include in Wikipedia external GFDL materials that contain invariant sections or cover texts, if all of the following apply, # You are the copyright holder of these external GFDL materials (or: you have the explicit, i.e. written, permission of the copyright holder to do what follows); # The length and nature of these invariant sections and cover texts does not exceed what can be placed in an [[wikipedia:edit summary|edit summary]]; # You are satisfied that these invariant sections and cover texts are not listed elsewhere than in the "page history" of the page where these external materials are placed; # You are satisfied that further copies of Wikipedia content are distributed under the standard GFDL application of "with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts" (in other words, for the copies derived from wikipedia, you agree that these parts of the text contributed by you will no longer be considered as "invariant sections" or "cover texts" in the GFDL sense); # The original invariant sections and/or cover texts are contained in the edit summary of the edit with which you introduce the thus GFDLed materials in wikipedia (so, that if "permanent deletion" would be applied to that edit, both the thus GFDLed material and its invariant sections and cover texts are jointly deleted). Seen the stringent conditions above, it is very desirable to replace GFDL texts with invariant sections (or with cover texts) by original content without invariant sections (or cover texts) whenever possible. === Using copyrighted work from others === If you use part of a copyrighted work under "[[Wikipedia:fair use|fair use]]", or if you obtain special permission to use a copyrighted work from the copyright holder under the terms of our license, you must make a note of that fact (along with names and dates). It is our goal to be able to freely redistribute as much of Wikipedia's material as possible, so original images and sound files licensed under the GFDL or in the [[public domain]] are greatly preferred to copyrighted media files used under fair use. See [[Wikipedia:Boilerplate request for permission]] for a form letter asking a copyright holder to grant us a license to use their work under terms of the GFDL. Never use materials that infringe the copyrights of others. This could create legal liabilities and seriously hurt the project. If in doubt, write it yourself. Note that copyright law governs the ''creative expression'' of ideas, not the ideas or information themselves. Therefore, it is legal to read an encyclopedia article or other work, reformulate the concepts in your own words, and submit it to Wikipedia. However, it would still be unethical (but not illegal) to do so without citing the original as a reference. See [[plagiarism]] and [[fair use]] for discussions of how much reformulation is necessary in a general context. === Linking to copyrighted works === Linking to copyrighted works is usually not a problem, as long as you have made a reasonable effort to determine that the page in question is not violating ''someone else's'' copyright. If it is, please do ''not'' link to the page. Whether such a link is contributory infringement is currently being debated in the courts,{{fact}} but in any case, linking to a site that illegally distributes someone else's work sheds a bad light on us. If the site in question is making fair use of the material, linking is OK. === If you find a copyright infringement === It is not the job of rank-and-file Wikipedians to police content for possible copyright infringement, but if you suspect one, you should at the very least bring up the issue on that page's talk page. Others can then examine the situation and take action if needed. The most helpful piece of information you can provide is a URL or other reference to what you believe may be the source of the text. Some cases will be false alarms. For example, if the contributor was in fact the author of the text that is published elsewhere under different terms, that does not affect their right to post it here under the GFDL. Also, sometimes you will find text elsewhere on the Web that was copied from Wikipedia. In both of these cases, it is a good idea to make a note in the talk page to discourage such false alarms in the future. If some of the content of a page really is an infringement, then the infringing content should be removed, and a note to that effect should be made on the talk page, along with the original source. If the author's permission is obtained later, the text can be restored. If ''all'' of the content of a page is a suspected copyright infringement, then the page should be listed on [[Wikipedia:Copyright problems]] and the content of the page replaced by the standard notice which you can find there. If, after a week, the page still appears to be a copyright infringement, then it may be deleted following the procedures on the votes page. In extreme cases of contributors continuing to post copyrighted material after appropriate warnings, such users may be blocked from editing to protect the project. == See also == * [[Wikipedia:Copyright FAQ]] * The [[Wikipedia:Contributing FAQ]] for questions on copyright. * Wikipedia's [[Wikipedia:designated agent|designated agent]] under [[OCILLA]] * [[Wikipedia:Sites that use Wikipedia as a source]] * [[Wikipedia:Standard GFDL violation letter]] * [[Wikipedia:Possible copyright infringements]] * [[Wikipedia:Spotting possible copyright violations]] * [[Wikipedia:Fair use]] * [[Wikipedia:Image copyright tags]] * [[Wikipedia:Boilerplate request for permission]] Further discussion... * [[Wikipedia:Copyright issues]] * [[m:Wikipedia and copyright issues]] * [[m:Avoid Copyright Paranoia]] * [[m:Permission grant extent]] [[Category:Permanently protected|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:Wikipedia copyright|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:Wikipedia official policy|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:Copyrights]] [[de:Wikipedia:Lizenzbestimmungen]] [[da:Wikipedia:Ophavsret]] [[es:Wikipedia:Derechos de autor]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Copyright]] [[it:Aiuto:Copyright]] [[ja:Wikipedia:著作権]] [[ko:위키백과:저작권]] [[lb:Wikipedia:Copyright]] [[hu:Wikipédia:Copyright]] [[nl:Wikipedia:Auteursrechten]] [[no:Wikipedia:Opphavsrett]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Prawa autorskie]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Direitos de autor]] [[rmy:Vikipidiya:Autorenge xakaya (chachimata)]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Copyrights]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Avtorske pravice]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Upphovsrätt]] [[vi:Wikipedia:Quyền tác giả]] [[th:วิกิพีเดีย:ลิขสิทธิ์]] [[tr:Vikipedi:Telif hakları]] [[uk:Вікіпедія:Авторське право]] [[zh:Wikipedia:版权信息]] 5740 2006-06-30T23:54:08Z Ruwan 82 Wikipedia:Copyrights #REDIRECT [[Wikipedia:කර්තෘ හිමිකම්]] User:Kylu/Ref converter 1971 5704 2006-06-29T23:15:50Z Kylu 105 Cyde's Ref converter '''''Cyde's Ref converter''''' '''[http://teamgamer.org/cgi-bin/wikirefs.pl Click here to run References converter] OR [http://teamgamer.org/cgi-bin/wikilinks.pl click here to get a list of links to process]''' This converts articles that use the old {{tl|ref}} and {{tl|note}} system into the new [[m:Cite/Cite.php|<nowiki><references /></nowiki>]] system. See also [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]] for more information. This program is accessible from your web browser and runs on the site's server from across the Internet. Go to the site, type in the name of a page, press "Go", copy the resulting Wiki code, click the link to go back to Wikipedia, and paste the Wiki code back over the article source. The edit summary will be automatically filled in. Then press the "Show changes" button to make sure everything is alright, and if it is, press "Save page" to commit the changes. If everything isn't alright, go ahead and fix it manually and post a summary of the error on the [[User talk:Cyde/Ref converter|talk page]]. Ref converter has about a 90% fully automatic success rate. Depending on your system configuration, the [[Help:Edit summary|edit summary]] may or may not be filled in automatically. If it is not, consider using an edit summary similar to the following: :''<nowiki>Updating reference styles with [[User:Cyde/Ref converter|Ref converter]].</nowiki>'' ==Details== This program converts properly formatted reference notes in the old system into the new Cite.php system. It will run perfectly fine on perfect pages, ''however'', not all pages are perfect. Some pages have note text without a corresponding reference in the body of the article. Some references don't have corresponding notes. Some references and notes are misspelled. Some misuse the syntax that allows multiple refs per note. It can get very ugly out there so be sure to validate the output of the program using the "Show changes" button, ''before'' saving. This small step minimizes conflict with other editors and helps preserve the article. References missing a corresponding note will be turned into {{tl|fact}}. Notes missing a corresponding reference will be commented out. Note labels (previously necessary to allow multiple refs per note) will be deleted. Comments on how to make references using the old system will be removed. Multiline cite templates will be condensed down to a single line to allow them to be inlined into the article text. This program is released under the [[GNU General Public License|GPL]]. If you have a strong desire to help with the programming of ref converter (and possible conversion to performing other tasks once all references are converted), I can set you up with CVS access. Just [[User talk:Cyde|contact me]]. ==Caution== ===Converting numbered footnotes=== While the use of this program has been mostly non-controversial so far, objections to its use have been raised with regard to a few articles, including those listed below. Therefore, please check the history and/or the talk page of articles prior to converting them. If prior conversion attempts have been controversial, please seek to find consensus for conversion on those articles' talk pages first and add the article to the following list until consensus for conversion has been established. *[[Talk:Machine_translation#Footnotes]] ===Coverting references within Templates=== Be wary about converting references within Templates. There is a bug either in mediawiki or the Ref/References extension that can cause issues on the page the template is included from. The reference mark will be created and properly numbered, but the corresponding reference will be missing when the <code><references /></code> is outputed on the calling page. If <code><references /></code> is included within the template itself, then references from both the template and the main page will be outputed (which likely isn't what was intended either). ===Converting Harvard references=== Ref converter also allows the conversion of [[Wikipedia:Harvard referencing|Harvard references]], but this is not necessarily recommended, or even desired, in many circumstances. Harvard referencing is a citation system favored by many academics and has a different format: rather than displaying a footnote number inline, it displays an author name and publication year in round brackets after the sentence. These author-date citations are accompanied by a list of full citations in alphabetical order in a References section at the end of the page. Please evaluate carefully whether the article will benefit from being converted from Harvard referencing to numbered footnotes - and check the article's talk page to see whether the issue has already been discussed. [[WP:CITE]] is the relevant guideline, particularily the section [[Wikipedia:Citing sources#How to cite sources|How to cite sources]]. Changing Harvard referencing to numbered footnotes is in many cases controversial. Not so for changing well-formed numbered [[wikipedia:footnote3|footnotes-by-templates]] to cite.php numbered footnotes, which isn't even a ''style'' change. Such change of one system of numbered footnotes to another would only be visible in edit mode: it is implementing a different ''technology'' for realising the same ''style'' of numbered footnotes. ==Foreign languages== I am willing to help get Ref converter up and running on foreign language Wikipedias. Please [[en:User talk:Cyde|contact me]]. Wikipedia:????? ??????? 1972 5710 2006-06-30T05:47:43Z Ruwan 82 Wikipedia:කර්තෘ හිමිකම් <div class='noarticletext'>There is currently no text in this page, you can [[Special:Search/????? ???????|search for this page title]] in other pages or [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:%3F%3F%3F%3F%3F_%3F%3F%3F%3F%3F%3F%3F&action=edit edit this page].</div> Template:විකිපීඩියා කර්තෘ හිමිකම 1973 5713 2006-06-30T06:12:43Z Ruwan 82 Template:විකිපීඩියා කර්තෘ හිමිකම {| class="infobox" style="text-align: center;" |- | style="background-color: #ddd; padding:5px;" | '''This article is part of a series about Copyright on Wikipedia''' [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:Template:Wikipedia copyright|action=edit}} .] |- | '''Policy and information''' [[Wikipedia:Copyrights|Wikipedia copyright information]] [[Wikipedia:Reusing Wikipedia content|Reusing Wikipedia content]] [[Wikipedia:Public domain|Public domain]] · [[Wikipedia:Fair use|Fair use]] [[Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License|GFDL license text]] [[:Category:Wikipedia copyright|Copyright information index]] ---- '''Processes''' [[Wikipedia:Request for copyright assistance|Copyright assistance and queries]] [[Wikipedia:Copyright violations|Copyright violations]] [[Wikipedia:Copyright problems|Copyright problems]] [[Wikipedia:Copyright issues|Copyright issues]] [[Wikipedia:Requested copyright examinations|Copyright examinations]] [[Wikipedia:Requesting copyright permission|Requesting permission from 3rd parties]] [[Wikipedia:Example requests for permission|Example request letters]] ---- '''Items with copy-issues''' [[:Category:Images with missing copyright information|Images missing information]] |- |}<noinclude>{{-}} ---- This [[Wikipedia:Template|template]] is a [[Wikipedia:Avoid self-references|self-reference]] and so is part of the Wikipedia project rather than the encyclopaedic content. [[Category:Uncategorized templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] </noinclude> Template:ප්‍රතිපත්තිය 1974 5714 2006-06-30T06:18:46Z Ruwan 82 Template:ප්‍රතිපත්තිය {| class="messagebox" |- | [[Image:Green check.png|30px]] | '''This page is an [[Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines|official policy]] on the English Wikipedia.''' It has wide acceptance among editors and is considered a standard that all users should follow. When editing this page, please ensure that your revision reflects consensus. When in doubt, discuss first on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|talk page]]. |{{shortcut|{{{1|}}}}} |}<includeonly>[[Category:Wikipedia official policy|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> ---- To include shortcut(s), pass a parameter: <code>{{{{PAGENAME}}|[[WP:SHORT]]}}</code> For related [[:Category:Wikipedia header templates|Wikipedia header templates]] see [[Wikipedia:Template messages/Project namespace|Template messages/Project namespace]]. {{hprotected}} [[Category:Wikipedia header templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[da:Skabelon:Politik]] [[fr:Modèle:Règle officielle]] [[ja:Template:Policy]] [[no:Mal:Retningslinje]] [[pt:Predefinição:Política oficial]] [[ru:Шаблон:Policy]] [[vi:Tiêu bản:Quy định Wikipedia]] [[zh:Template:Policy]]</noinclude> 5715 2006-06-30T06:38:15Z Ruwan 82 Template:ප්‍රතිපත්තිය {| class="messagebox" |- | [[Image:Green check.png|30px]] | '''This page is an [[Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines|official policy]] on the සිංහල විකිපීඩියා.''' It has wide acceptance among editors and is considered a standard that all users should follow. When editing this page, please ensure that your revision reflects consensus. When in doubt, discuss first on the [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|talk page]]. |{{shortcut|{{{1|}}}}} |}<includeonly>[[Category:Wikipedia official policy|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> ---- To include shortcut(s), pass a parameter: <code>{{{{PAGENAME}}|[[WP:SHORT]]}}</code> For related [[:Category:Wikipedia header templates|Wikipedia header templates]] see [[Wikipedia:Template messages/Project namespace|Template messages/Project namespace]]. {{hprotected}} [[Category:Wikipedia header templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[da:Skabelon:Politik]] [[fr:Modèle:Règle officielle]] [[ja:Template:Policy]] [[no:Mal:Retningslinje]] [[pt:Predefinição:Política oficial]] [[ru:Шаблон:Policy]] [[vi:Tiêu bản:Quy định Wikipedia]] [[zh:Template:Policy]]</noinclude> Wikipedia:Quick index 1975 5716 2006-06-30T21:10:21Z Kylu 105 Temporary redirect! #REDIRECT [[Special:Allpages]] Template:Ref 1976 5718 2006-06-30T21:16:12Z Kylu 105 adding Ref template from en.wp <noinclude><big>'''Using ref/note tags is not the only way to do [[Wikipedia:Footnotes|footnotes]]. Some people prefer to use [[m:Cite/Cite.php|Cite.php]]. Cite.php has many advantages, but is not mandatory. You can use the [[User:Kylu/Ref converter|Ref converter]] to replace ref/note tags with the newer [[m:Cite/Cite.php|Cite.php]] style. If you are interested in the discussion, please see the [[Wikipedia_talk:Footnotes|Footnotes talk page]].'''</big> </noinclude>[{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}#endnote_{{{1}}}]<noinclude> See also: [[Wikipedia:Template messages/Sources of articles]]</noinclude> Template:Sisterlinks 1977 5719 2006-06-30T21:16:16Z Kylu 105 adding en:Template:Sisterlinks <div class="infobox sisterproject" style="font-size: 90%;">Find more information on '''{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}''' by searching Wikipedia's [[Wikipedia:Sister projects|sister projects]]: [[Image:Wiktionary-logo-en.png|25px| ]] [[wiktionary:Special:Search/{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|Dictionary definitions]] from Wiktionary [[Image:Wikibooks-logo.svg|25px| ]] [[wikibooks:Special:Search/{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|Textbooks]] from Wikibooks [[Image:Wikiquote-logo.svg|25px| ]] [[wikiquote:Special:Search/{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|Quotations]] from Wikiquote [[Image:Wikisource-logo.png|25px| ]] [[wikisource:Special:Search/{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|Source texts]] from Wikisource [[Image:Commons-logo.svg|25px| ]] [[commons:Special:Search/{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|Images and media]] from Commons [[Image:Wikinews-logo.png|25px| ]] [[wikinews:Special:Search/{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|News stories]] from Wikinews </div><noinclude> [[Category:Interwiki link templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[en:Template:Sisterlinks]] [[fr:Modèle:Autres projets]] [[sl:Predloga:V sorodnikih]] [[vi:Tiêu bản:Sisterlinks]] [[he:תבנית:מיזמים]] [[zh:Template:Sisterlinks]] </noinclude> Template:Spoken Wikipedia 1978 5720 2006-06-30T21:16:59Z Kylu 105 adding Template:Spoken Wikipedia (req. translation and redirect) <div id="section_SpokenWikipedia" class="infobox sisterproject noprint"> <div style="text-align: center">'''[[:Media:{{{1}}}|Listen to this article]] · [[:Image:{{{1}}}|(info)]]'''</div> {{Spoken Wikipedia boilerplate|{{{2}}}|{{{1}}} }}<noinclude> __NOTOC__ ==Purpose== This template links to the [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Spoken Wikipedia|spoken]] version of the article. ==Location== This template should be placed in the '''External links''' section of the article. ==Usage== <code><nowiki>{{Spoken Wikipedia|Name of file.ogg|date of article revision that corresponds to the audio file}}</nowiki></code> Example at [[Black]] :<code><nowiki>{{Spoken Wikipedia|black.ogg|2005-08-16}}</nowiki></code> ==Note== This template adds a small sound icon at the top of the article ==Category== This template adds the article into [[:Category:Spoken articles]] ==Project== This template is part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Spoken Wikipedia]]. ==See also== *{{tl|Listen}} *{{tl|Audio}} [[Category:Title templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[pl:Szablon:Spoken Wikipedia]] </noinclude> Template:Citenewsauthor 1979 5721 2006-06-30T21:18:20Z Kylu 105 adding citenewsauthor (depreciated, to make [[wikipedia]] work) {{tdeprecated-inline|citenewsauthor}}<noinclude> {{tdeprecated|cite news}} [[Category:Deprecated citation templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] </noinclude> Template:Cite news 1980 5722 2006-06-30T21:19:28Z Kylu 105 adding: template:cite news <includeonly>{{#if: {{{title|}}} |{{#if: {{{first|}}}{{{last|}}} |{{#if: {{{last|}}} |{{{last}}},  }}{{{first|}}}{{#if: {{{coauthors|}}}| <nowiki>;</nowiki> {{{coauthors}}} }},  |{{#if: {{{author|}}} |{{{author|}}}{{#if: {{{coauthors|}}}| <nowiki>;</nowiki> {{{coauthors}}} }}.  }} }}{{#if: {{{curly|}}}|“|"}}{{#if: {{{url|}}} |[{{{url}}} {{{title}}}] |{{{title}}} }}{{#if: {{{curly|}}}|”|"}}{{#if: {{{work|}}} |, ''{{{work}}}''}}{{#if: {{{publisher|}}} |, ''{{{publisher}}}'' }}{{#if: {{{date|}}} |, {{{date}}} }}{{#if: {{{pages|}}} |, pp. {{{pages}}} |{{#if: {{{page|}}} |, p. {{{page}}} }} }}{{#if: {{{accessdate|}}} |. Retrieved on [[{{{accessdate}}}]] }}.|Template error: argument '''title''' is required.}}</includeonly><noinclude> __NOTOC__ This template is used to [[WP:CITE|cite sources]] in Wikipedia. It is specifically for news sources. == Usage == <pre> {{cite news |first = |last = |author = |coauthors = |url = |title = |work = |publisher = |pages = |page = |date = |accessdate = }} </pre> *'''title''' is required, rest is optional. * '''author''': Author ** '''last''' works with '''first''' to produce <code>last, first</code> ** '''coauthors''' allows additional authors * '''publisher''': Publisher, if any. * '''date''': date of publication. [[ISO 8601]] YYYY-MM-DD format recommended. If the whole date is known it should be [[m:Help:Preferences#Date_format|wikilinked]] to enable [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Preferences#prefsection-4 date user preferences]. * '''accessdate''': Date when item was accessed. Use [[ISO 8601]] YYYY-MM-DD format. Do not wikilink the date. * '''work''': If this item is part of a larger work, name of that work. * '''pages''' overrides '''page''' __NOEDITSECTION__ {{esoteric}} ==See also== * [[Wikipedia:Cite sources]]: Style guide * [[Wikipedia:Template messages/Sources of articles/Generic citations]]: Related templates * [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Wikicite]] * [[Template:Cite web]] * [[Template:Cite book]] [[Category:Citation templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:Templates using ParserFunctions|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[cs:Šablona:Citace novin]] [[vi:Tiêu bản:Chú thích báo]] [[zh:Cite news]] </noinclude> Template:Tdeprecated 1981 5723 2006-06-30T21:20:14Z Kylu 105 importing tdepreciated template {| class="messagebox" id="tdeprecated" | rowspan="2" | [[Image:Red-x.gif|deprecated template]] ! Template <includeonly>[[Category:Deprecated templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]{{PAGENAME}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{PAGENAME}}</noinclude> has been deprecated. |- | align="center" | Please use {{{use|'''{{Tlx|{{{1|x1}}}}}'''}}} instead. |}<noinclude> ---- ;'''Usage:''' :<code><noinclude></code> {{Tlx|{{PAGENAME}}|{{{1|x1}}}}} <code></noinclude></code> :<code><noinclude></code> {{Tlx|{{PAGENAME}}|use=unlinked message}} <code></noinclude></code> {{PAGENAME}} adds a template to [[:Category:Deprecated templates]] showing a warning. <div align="right">{{Lts/|{{PAGENAME}}}}</div> [[Category:Template templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:Redirect templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] </noinclude> Template:Tdeprecated-inline 1982 5724 2006-06-30T21:20:42Z Kylu 105 importing tdepreciated-inline  &lsaquo;[[Template:{{{1}}}]] has been deprecated.&rsaquo;<noinclude> [[Category:Template templates|{{PAGENAME}}}]] </noinclude> Template:Spoken Wikipedia boilerplate 1983 5725 2006-06-30T21:21:14Z Kylu 105 importing template:spoken wikipedia boilerplate <div style="float: left; margin-left: 5px;">[[Image:Sound-icon.svg|45px|none|Spoken Wikipedia]]</div> <div style="font-size: xx-small; line-height: 1.6em; margin-left: 60px;">This audio file was created from an article revision dated [[{{{1}}}]], and does not reflect subsequent edits to the article. ([[Wikipedia:Media help|Audio help]])</div> <div style="text-align: center; clear: both">'''[[:Category:Spoken articles|More spoken articles]]'''</div> [[Category:Spoken articles]] </div> <div style="right:30px; top: 26px; display:none;" class="metadata topicon" id="spoken-icon">{{titled-click|link=media:{{{2}}}|image=Sound-icon.svg|width=16px|height=12px|title=This is a spoken article. Click here to listen.}}</div><noinclude> [[Category:Title templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] </noinclude> Template:Listdev 1984 5727 2006-06-30T21:26:05Z Kylu 105 importing listdev <div class="notice plainlinks">''This list is [[Wikipedia:Incomplete lists|incomplete]]; you can help by [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}} expanding it]''.</div>{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}||[[Category:Incomplete lists]]}}<noinclude> {{Hprotected}} [[Category:Templates using ParserFunctions|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:list templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]</noinclude> Template:Hprotected 1985 5728 2006-06-30T21:26:44Z Kylu 105 importing: Hprotected {| class="messagebox protected" style="border: 1px solid #8888aa; padding: 0px; font-size:9pt;" |- |align="center"|[[Image:Padlock.svg|left|45px]] |align="center"|This has been identified as a [[Wikipedia:High-risk templates|high-risk template]]. It is therefore [[Wikipedia:This page is protected|protected]] from editing indefinitely. Changes can be discussed on the [[{{NAMESPACE}} talk:{{PAGENAME}}|talk page]], or you can [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection|request unprotection]]. |- |}<includeonly>[[Category:High-risk protected|{{PAGENAME}}]]</includeonly><noinclude> ==See also== * {{lt|high-traffic}} [[Category:Protection templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] </noinclude> Template:Lt 1986 5729 2006-06-30T21:27:13Z Kylu 105 importing lt {{lx|1=Template:|2={{ucfirst:{{{1}}}}}|3=Template talk|4=talk}}<noinclude>[[Category:Internal link templates|Lt]]</noinclude> Template:Admin 1987 5730 2006-06-30T21:28:10Z Kylu 105 importing admin [[User:{{{1|Jimbo Wales}}}|{{{1|Jimbo Wales}}}]] ([[User talk:{{{1|Jimbo Wales}}}|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/{{{1|Jimbo Wales}}}|contribs]] • [{{fullurl:Special:Log/block|user={{urlencode:{{{1|Jimbo Wales}}}}}}} blocks] • [{{fullurl:Special:Log/protect|user={{urlencode:{{{1|Jimbo Wales}}}}}}} protects] • [{{fullurl:Special:Log/delete|user={{urlencode:{{{1|Jimbo Wales}}}}}}} deletions] • [{{fullurl:Special:Log/move|user={{urlencode:{{{1|Jimbo Wales}}}}}}} moves])<noinclude> [[Category:Internal link templates|Admin]] </noinclude> Template:Lx 1988 5731 2006-06-30T21:28:36Z Kylu 105 importing lx <includeonly>[[{{{1}}}{{{2}}}]] <tt>(</tt>[{{fullurl:{{{1}}}{{{2}}}|action=edit}} edit]<tt>|</tt>[[{{{3}}}:{{{2}}}|{{{4}}}]]<tt>|</tt>[{{fullurl:Special:Whatlinkshere/{{{1}}}{{{2}}}|limit=999}} links]<tt>|</tt>[{{fullurl:{{{1}}}{{{2}}}|action=history}} history]<tt>|</tt>[{{fullurl:Special:Log|page={{urlencode:{{{1}}}{{{2}}}}}}} logs]<tt>)</tt></includeonly><noinclude> ==Usage== <nowiki>{{Lx|Tag|Name|Namespace|Label}}</nowiki> produces {{Lx|Tag|Name|Namespace|Label}} This template is a metatemplate for the [[Template:Ln]]-family. This template should normally not be used on it own. It's purpose is to ensure that all ln-template looks the same. [[Category:Internal link templates|Lx]] </noinclude> Template:Ln 1989 5732 2006-06-30T21:29:18Z Kylu 105 importing ln {{lx|1=:{{ucfirst:{{{1}}}}}:|2={{ucfirst:{{{2}}}}}|3=:{{{1}}} talk|4=talk}}<noinclude> [[Category:Internal link templates|Ln]] </noinclude> Template:User 1990 5733 2006-06-30T21:30:28Z Kylu 105 importing user [[User:{{{1}}}|{{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] ([[User talk:{{{1}}}|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/{{{1}}}|contribs]])<noinclude>[[Category:Internal link templates|User]]</noinclude> Template:Vandal 1991 5734 2006-06-30T21:30:55Z Kylu 105 importing vandal [[User:{{{1|Example User}}}|{{{1|Example User}}}]] ([[User talk:{{{1|Example User}}}|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/{{{1|Example User}}}|contribs]] • [{{fullurl:Special:Log|type=move&user={{urlencode:{{ucfirst:{{{1|Example User}}}}}}}}} page moves] • [[Special:Blockip/{{ucfirst:{{{1|Example User}}}}}|block user]] • [{{fullurl:Special:Log|type=block&page=User:{{urlencode:{{{1|Example User}}}}}}} block log])<noinclude> ----- Usage: <tt>{{Userlinks|Example User}}</tt> [[Category:Internal link templates|Userlinks]]</noinclude> Template:User2 1992 5735 2006-06-30T21:31:30Z Kylu 105 importing user2 [[User:{{{1|Example User}}}|{{{1|Example User}}}]] ([[User talk:{{{1|Example User}}}|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/{{{1|Example User}}}|contribs]] • [{{fullurl:Special:Log|type=move&user={{urlencode:{{ucfirst:{{{1|Example User}}}}}}}}} page moves] • [[Special:Blockip/{{ucfirst:{{{1|Example User}}}}}|block user]] • [{{fullurl:Special:Log|type=block&page=User:{{urlencode:{{{1|Example User}}}}}}} block log])<noinclude> ----- Usage: <tt>{{Userlinks|Example User}}</tt> [[Category:Internal link templates|Userlinks]]</noinclude> Template:Checkuser 1993 5736 2006-06-30T21:32:15Z Kylu 105 importing checkuser [[User:{{{1}}}|{{{1}}}]] ([[User talk:{{{1}}}|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/{{{1}}}|contribs]] • [[Special:Blockip/{{{1}}}|block user]] • [{{fullurl:Special:Log/block|page={{urlencode:User:{{{1}}}}}}} block log] • [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:CheckUser&user={{urlencode:{{{1}}}}} checkuser]) Template:Checkip 1994 5737 2006-06-30T21:33:10Z Kylu 105 importing checkip [[User:{{{1}}}|{{{1}}}]] ([[User talk:{{{1}}}|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/{{{1}}}|contribs]] • [http://www.samspade.org/t/lookat?a={{{1}}} WHOIS] • [[Special:Blockip/{{{1}}}|block user]] • [{{fullurl:Special:Log/block|page={{urlencode:User:{{{1}}}}}}} block log] • [http://si.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:CheckUser&ip={{{1}}} checkip]) Wikipedia:කර්තෘ හිමිකම් 1995 5738 2006-06-30T23:36:34Z Ruwan 82 Wikipedia:කර්තෘ හිමිකම් Test 5739 2006-06-30T23:50:21Z Ruwan 82 Wikipedia:කර්තෘ හිමිකම් {{ප්‍රතිපත්තිය|[[WP:කර්තෘ හිමිකම්]] [[WP:COPY]] [[WP:C]]}} {{විකිපීඩියා කර්තෘ හිමිකම}} The license [[Wikipedia]] uses grants free access to our content in the same sense as [[free software]] is licensed freely. This principle is known as '''[[copyleft]]'''. That is to say, Wikipedia content can be copied, modified, and redistributed ''so long as'' the new version grants the same freedoms to others and acknowledges the authors of the Wikipedia article used (a direct link back to the article satisfies our author credit requirement). Wikipedia articles therefore will remain free forever and can be used by anybody subject to certain restrictions, most of which serve to ensure that freedom. To fulfill the above goals, the text contained in Wikipedia is licensed to the public under the '''[[GNU Free Documentation License]]''' (GFDL). The full text of this license is at [[Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License]].  :'''Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the [[Free Software Foundation]]; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts.''' :'''A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "[[Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License|GNU Free Documentation License]]".''' :'''Content on Wikipedia is covered by [[Wikipedia:general disclaimer|disclaimers]].'''  The English text of the GFDL is the only legally binding document; what follows is our interpretation of the GFDL: the rights and obligations of users and contributors. IMPORTANT: If you want to use content from Wikipedia, first read the [[Wikipedia:Copyrights#Users'_rights_and_obligations|Users' rights and obligations]] section. You should then read the [[Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License|GNU Free Documentation License]]. == Users' rights and obligations == If you want to use Wikipedia materials in your own books/articles/web sites or other publications, you can do so, but you have to follow the GFDL. If you are simply duplicating the Wikipedia article, you must follow [[Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License#VERBATIM COPYING|section two]] of the GFDL on ''verbatim copying'', as discussed at [[Wikipedia:Verbatim copying]]. If you create a derivative version by changing or adding content, this entails the following: * your materials in turn have to be licensed under GFDL, * you must acknowledge the authorship of the article (section 4B), and * you must provide access to the "transparent copy" of the material (section 4J). (The "transparent copy" of a Wikipedia article is any of a number of formats available from us, including the wiki text, the html web pages, xml feed, etc.) You may be able to partially fulfill the latter two obligations by providing a conspicuous direct link back to the Wikipedia article hosted on this website. You also need to provide access to a transparent copy of the new text. However, please note that the Wikimedia Foundation makes no guarantee to retain authorship information and a transparent copy of articles. Therefore, you are encouraged to provide this authorship information and a transparent copy with your derived works. === Example notice === An example notice, for an article that uses the Wikipedia article [[Metasyntactic variable]] might read as follows: : This article is licensed under the <a href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html">GNU Free Documentation License</a>. It uses material from the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metasyntactic_variable">Wikipedia article "Metasyntactic variable"</a>. ("Metasyntactic variable" and the Wikipedia URL must of course be substituted accordingly.) Alternatively you can distribute your copy of "Metasyntactic variable" along with a copy of the GFDL (as explained in the text) and list at least five (or all if fewer than five) principal authors on the title page (or top of the document). The external [http://vs.aka-online.de/wppagehiststat/ Page History Stats] tool can help you identify the principal authors. === Fair use materials and special requirements === All original Wikipedia text is distributed under the [[GNU Free Documentation License|GFDL]]. Occasionally, Wikipedia articles may include images, sounds, or text quotes used under the U.S. Copyright law "[[Wikipedia:Fair use|fair use]]" doctrine. It is preferred that these be obtained under the most free ([[libre]]) license (such as the GFDL or public domain) practical. In cases where no such images/sounds are currently available, then fair use images are acceptable (until such time as free images become available). ''In Wikipedia'', such "fair use" material should be identified as from an external source (on the image description page, or history page, as appropriate). This also leads to possible restrictions on the use, outside of Wikipedia, of such "fair use" content retrieved from Wikipedia: this "fair use" content does not fall under the GFDL license as such, but under the "fair use" (or similar/different) regulations in the country where the media are retrieved. Wikipedia does use some text under licenses that are compatible with the GFDL but may require additional terms that we do not require for original Wikipedia text (such as including Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts, or Back-Cover Texts). When wanting to contribute such texts that include Invariant Sections or Cover Texts to Wikipedia, see ''[[#Introducing invariant sections or cover texts in Wikipedia|Introducing invariant sections or cover texts in Wikipedia]]'' below. == Image guidelines == Images and photographs, like written works, are subject to [[copyright]]. Someone owns them unless they have been explicitly placed in the [[Wikipedia:public domain|public domain]]. Images on the internet need to be licensed directly from the copyright holder or someone able to license on their behalf. In some cases, [[fair use]] guidelines may allow a photograph to be used. === Tagging === Image description pages can be tagged with a special tag to indicate the legal status of the images, as described at [[Wikipedia:Image copyright tags]]. It is currently unclear what should happen in cases where the same image has been uploaded more than once with different respective copyright statements. === U.S. government photographs === Works produced by civilian and military employees of the [[United States]] federal government in the scope of their employment are public domain by statute. However, note that, despite popular misconception, the U.S. Federal Government can own copyrights that are assigned to it by others (for example, works created by contractors). Be careful, however: not all images on .mil and .gov websites are public domain. Among other reasons, the site may be using commercial [[stock photography]] owned by others. It may be useful to check the privacy and security notice of the website, but only with an email to the webmaster can you be confident that an image is in the public domain. It should also be noted that governments outside the U.S. often do claim copyright over works produced by their employees (for example, [[Crown Copyright]] in the [[United Kingdom]]). Also, most state and local governments in the United States do not place their work into the public domain and do in fact own the copyright to their work. Please be careful to check ownership information before copying. === UK Crown Copyright === The UK [[Office of Public Sector Information]], formerly [[HMSO]], has told us: : ''[[Crown copyright]] protection in published material lasts for fifty years from the end of the year in which the material was first published. Therefore [for example] material published [fifty-one years ago], and any Crown copyright material published before that date, would now be out of copyright, and may be freely reproduced throughout the world.'' [http://mail.wikipedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2005-May/039688.html] === Celebrity photographs === This is based on the image guidelines at [[IMDB]], so it especially applies to celebrity photographs, but also can apply to other pictures. Legitimate photographs generally come from three different places '''with permission'''. # The studios, producers, magazine publisher, or media outlet that originally shot the photograph. # Agencies that represent the photographers who shot the photos or the photographer themself (the latter especially for amateur photographs) # Submissions from the celebrity himself or herself or a legal representative of the celebrity. == Comments on copyright laws by country == ===Russia: copyright exemptions === According to the Russian copyright law of 1993 ([http://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D1%82_9.07.1993_%E2%84%96_5351-1 Федеральный закон от 9.07.1993 № 5351-1]), the following items are not subject to copyrights: *Official documents (laws, court decisions, other texts of legislative, administrative or judicial character); *State symbols and tokens (flags, coats of arms, [[order (decoration)|order]]s, banknotes and other state symbols and tokens); *Folk creative works; *Reports about events and facts, of informative character. Russian copyrights generally expire in 70 years after the death of the author. Items by authors who died prior to 1953 are public domain, because the expiration term was 50 years before 2004, and this change of the term wasn't retroactive, according to [http://www.copyrighter.ru/full/index.html?apispnew.htm Law 72-FZ, 2004 (in Russian)], article 2, part 3). If an item was not published during author's life, its copyright expire in 70 years after its first lawful publication (if the item wasn't moved into [[Public domain|PD]] before). This gives maximum term for unpublished or posthumously published works of 140 (if the author died after 1953) or 120 years (if the author died before 1953, AND his work was published before 2003). If an item was published anonymously or pseudonymously, and its author remains unknown, its copyright expires in 70 years after its first lawful publication. If the author is discovered, usual rule applies. PD status of a work in Russia can differ with that in the US, where Wikipedia servers are located. ===Algeria=== Article 9 of Algeria's [http://lexinter.net/DZ/ordonnance_relative_aux_droits_d%27auteur_et_aux_droits_voisins.htm Ordonnance N°97-10 du 27 Chaoual 1417 correspondant au 6 mars 1997 relative aux droits d'auteur et aux droits voisins.] states that: "Works of the State made licitly accessible to the public may be freely used for non-profit purposes, subject to respect for the integrity of the work and indication of its source. By "works of the State", in this article, are meant works produced and published by the various organs of the State, local communities, or public establishments of an administrative character." (original is in French.) In short, they are available for non-commercial use - which is deprecated on Wikipedia. ===Iran=== Although there has been no treaty between Iran and the United States regarding copyright protection, according to [[Jimbo Wales]], Wikipedia contributors should respect Iranian copyright law as best they can, the same as they do for other countries around the world. [http://mail.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikien-l/2005-August/027373.html] == Contributors' rights and obligations == If you contribute material to Wikipedia, you thereby license it to the public under the GFDL (with no invariant sections, front-cover texts, or back-cover texts). In order to contribute, you therefore must be in a position to grant this license, which means that either * you own the copyright to the material, for instance because you produced it yourself, or * you acquired the material from a source that allows the licensing under GFDL, for instance because the material is in the [[public domain]] or is itself published under GFDL. In the first case, you retain copyright to your materials. You can later republish and relicense them in any way you like. However, you can never retract the GFDL license for the versions you placed here: that material will remain under GFDL forever. In the second case, if you incorporate external GFDL materials, as a requirement of the GFDL, you need to acknowledge the authorship and provide a link back to the network location of the original copy. ===Introducing invariant sections or cover texts in Wikipedia=== Under Wikipedia's current copyright conditions, and with the current facilities of the MediaWiki software, it is only possible to include in Wikipedia external GFDL materials that contain invariant sections or cover texts, if all of the following apply, # You are the copyright holder of these external GFDL materials (or: you have the explicit, i.e. written, permission of the copyright holder to do what follows); # The length and nature of these invariant sections and cover texts does not exceed what can be placed in an [[wikipedia:edit summary|edit summary]]; # You are satisfied that these invariant sections and cover texts are not listed elsewhere than in the "page history" of the page where these external materials are placed; # You are satisfied that further copies of Wikipedia content are distributed under the standard GFDL application of "with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts" (in other words, for the copies derived from wikipedia, you agree that these parts of the text contributed by you will no longer be considered as "invariant sections" or "cover texts" in the GFDL sense); # The original invariant sections and/or cover texts are contained in the edit summary of the edit with which you introduce the thus GFDLed materials in wikipedia (so, that if "permanent deletion" would be applied to that edit, both the thus GFDLed material and its invariant sections and cover texts are jointly deleted). Seen the stringent conditions above, it is very desirable to replace GFDL texts with invariant sections (or with cover texts) by original content without invariant sections (or cover texts) whenever possible. === Using copyrighted work from others === If you use part of a copyrighted work under "[[Wikipedia:fair use|fair use]]", or if you obtain special permission to use a copyrighted work from the copyright holder under the terms of our license, you must make a note of that fact (along with names and dates). It is our goal to be able to freely redistribute as much of Wikipedia's material as possible, so original images and sound files licensed under the GFDL or in the [[public domain]] are greatly preferred to copyrighted media files used under fair use. See [[Wikipedia:Boilerplate request for permission]] for a form letter asking a copyright holder to grant us a license to use their work under terms of the GFDL. Never use materials that infringe the copyrights of others. This could create legal liabilities and seriously hurt the project. If in doubt, write it yourself. Note that copyright law governs the ''creative expression'' of ideas, not the ideas or information themselves. Therefore, it is legal to read an encyclopedia article or other work, reformulate the concepts in your own words, and submit it to Wikipedia. However, it would still be unethical (but not illegal) to do so without citing the original as a reference. See [[plagiarism]] and [[fair use]] for discussions of how much reformulation is necessary in a general context. === Linking to copyrighted works === Linking to copyrighted works is usually not a problem, as long as you have made a reasonable effort to determine that the page in question is not violating ''someone else's'' copyright. If it is, please do ''not'' link to the page. Whether such a link is contributory infringement is currently being debated in the courts,{{fact}} but in any case, linking to a site that illegally distributes someone else's work sheds a bad light on us. If the site in question is making fair use of the material, linking is OK. === If you find a copyright infringement === It is not the job of rank-and-file Wikipedians to police content for possible copyright infringement, but if you suspect one, you should at the very least bring up the issue on that page's talk page. Others can then examine the situation and take action if needed. The most helpful piece of information you can provide is a URL or other reference to what you believe may be the source of the text. Some cases will be false alarms. For example, if the contributor was in fact the author of the text that is published elsewhere under different terms, that does not affect their right to post it here under the GFDL. Also, sometimes you will find text elsewhere on the Web that was copied from Wikipedia. In both of these cases, it is a good idea to make a note in the talk page to discourage such false alarms in the future. If some of the content of a page really is an infringement, then the infringing content should be removed, and a note to that effect should be made on the talk page, along with the original source. If the author's permission is obtained later, the text can be restored. If ''all'' of the content of a page is a suspected copyright infringement, then the page should be listed on [[Wikipedia:Copyright problems]] and the content of the page replaced by the standard notice which you can find there. If, after a week, the page still appears to be a copyright infringement, then it may be deleted following the procedures on the votes page. In extreme cases of contributors continuing to post copyrighted material after appropriate warnings, such users may be blocked from editing to protect the project. == See also == * [[Wikipedia:Copyright FAQ]] * The [[Wikipedia:Contributing FAQ]] for questions on copyright. * Wikipedia's [[Wikipedia:designated agent|designated agent]] under [[OCILLA]] * [[Wikipedia:Sites that use Wikipedia as a source]] * [[Wikipedia:Standard GFDL violation letter]] * [[Wikipedia:Possible copyright infringements]] * [[Wikipedia:Spotting possible copyright violations]] * [[Wikipedia:Fair use]] * [[Wikipedia:Image copyright tags]] * [[Wikipedia:Boilerplate request for permission]] Further discussion... * [[Wikipedia:Copyright issues]] * [[m:Wikipedia and copyright issues]] * [[m:Avoid Copyright Paranoia]] * [[m:Permission grant extent]] [[Category:Permanently protected|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:Wikipedia copyright|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:Wikipedia official policy|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:Copyrights]] [[de:Wikipedia:Lizenzbestimmungen]] [[da:Wikipedia:Ophavsret]] [[es:Wikipedia:Derechos de autor]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Copyright]] [[it:Aiuto:Copyright]] [[ja:Wikipedia:著作権]] [[ko:위키백과:저작권]] [[lb:Wikipedia:Copyright]] [[hu:Wikipédia:Copyright]] [[nl:Wikipedia:Auteursrechten]] [[no:Wikipedia:Opphavsrett]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Prawa autorskie]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Direitos de autor]] [[rmy:Vikipidiya:Autorenge xakaya (chachimata)]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Copyrights]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Avtorske pravice]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Upphovsrätt]] [[vi:Wikipedia:Quyền tác giả]] [[th:วิกิพีเดีย:ลิขสิทธิ์]] [[tr:Vikipedi:Telif hakları]] [[uk:Вікіпедія:Авторське право]] [[zh:Wikipedia:版权信息]] 5741 2006-07-01T00:12:57Z Ruwan 82 Wikipedia:කර්තෘ හිමිකම් {{ප්‍රතිපත්තිය|[[WP:කර්තෘ හිමිකම්]] [[WP:COPY]] [[WP:C]]}} {{විකිපීඩියා කර්තෘ හිමිකම}} The license [[Wikipedia]] uses grants free access to our content in the same sense as [[free software]] is licensed freely. This principle is known as '''[[copyleft]]'''. That is to say, Wikipedia content can be copied, modified, and redistributed ''so long as'' the new version grants the same freedoms to others and acknowledges the authors of the Wikipedia article used (a direct link back to the article satisfies our author credit requirement). Wikipedia articles therefore will remain free forever and can be used by anybody subject to certain restrictions, most of which serve to ensure that freedom. To fulfill the above goals, the text contained in Wikipedia is licensed to the public under the '''[[GNU Free Documentation License]]''' (GFDL). The full text of this license is at [[Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License]].  :'''Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the [[Free Software Foundation]]; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts.''' :'''A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "[[Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License|GNU Free Documentation License]]".''' :'''Content on Wikipedia is covered by [[Wikipedia:general disclaimer|disclaimers]].'''  The English text of the GFDL is the only legally binding document; what follows is our interpretation of the GFDL: the rights and obligations of users and contributors. IMPORTANT: If you want to use content from Wikipedia, first read the [[Wikipedia:Copyrights#Users'_rights_and_obligations|Users' rights and obligations]] section. You should then read the [[Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License|GNU Free Documentation License]]. == Users' rights and obligations == If you want to use Wikipedia materials in your own books/articles/web sites or other publications, you can do so, but you have to follow the GFDL. If you are simply duplicating the Wikipedia article, you must follow [[Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License#VERBATIM COPYING|section two]] of the GFDL on ''verbatim copying'', as discussed at [[Wikipedia:Verbatim copying]]. If you create a derivative version by changing or adding content, this entails the following: * your materials in turn have to be licensed under GFDL, * you must acknowledge the authorship of the article (section 4B), and * you must provide access to the "transparent copy" of the material (section 4J). (The "transparent copy" of a Wikipedia article is any of a number of formats available from us, including the wiki text, the html web pages, xml feed, etc.) You may be able to partially fulfill the latter two obligations by providing a conspicuous direct link back to the Wikipedia article hosted on this website. You also need to provide access to a transparent copy of the new text. However, please note that the Wikimedia Foundation makes no guarantee to retain authorship information and a transparent copy of articles. Therefore, you are encouraged to provide this authorship information and a transparent copy with your derived works. === Example notice === An example notice, for an article that uses the Wikipedia article [[Metasyntactic variable]] might read as follows: : This article is licensed under the <a href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html">GNU Free Documentation License</a>. It uses material from the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metasyntactic_variable">Wikipedia article "Metasyntactic variable"</a>. ("Metasyntactic variable" and the Wikipedia URL must of course be substituted accordingly.) Alternatively you can distribute your copy of "Metasyntactic variable" along with a copy of the GFDL (as explained in the text) and list at least five (or all if fewer than five) principal authors on the title page (or top of the document). The external [http://vs.aka-online.de/wppagehiststat/ Page History Stats] tool can help you identify the principal authors. === Fair use materials and special requirements === All original Wikipedia text is distributed under the [[GNU Free Documentation License|GFDL]]. Occasionally, Wikipedia articles may include images, sounds, or text quotes used under the U.S. Copyright law "[[Wikipedia:Fair use|fair use]]" doctrine. It is preferred that these be obtained under the most free ([[libre]]) license (such as the GFDL or public domain) practical. In cases where no such images/sounds are currently available, then fair use images are acceptable (until such time as free images become available). ''In Wikipedia'', such "fair use" material should be identified as from an external source (on the image description page, or history page, as appropriate). This also leads to possible restrictions on the use, outside of Wikipedia, of such "fair use" content retrieved from Wikipedia: this "fair use" content does not fall under the GFDL license as such, but under the "fair use" (or similar/different) regulations in the country where the media are retrieved. Wikipedia does use some text under licenses that are compatible with the GFDL but may require additional terms that we do not require for original Wikipedia text (such as including Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts, or Back-Cover Texts). When wanting to contribute such texts that include Invariant Sections or Cover Texts to Wikipedia, see ''[[#Introducing invariant sections or cover texts in Wikipedia|Introducing invariant sections or cover texts in Wikipedia]]'' below. == Image guidelines == Images and photographs, like written works, are subject to [[copyright]]. Someone owns them unless they have been explicitly placed in the [[Wikipedia:public domain|public domain]]. Images on the internet need to be licensed directly from the copyright holder or someone able to license on their behalf. In some cases, [[fair use]] guidelines may allow a photograph to be used. === Tagging === Image description pages can be tagged with a special tag to indicate the legal status of the images, as described at [[Wikipedia:Image copyright tags]]. It is currently unclear what should happen in cases where the same image has been uploaded more than once with different respective copyright statements. === U.S. government photographs === Works produced by civilian and military employees of the [[United States]] federal government in the scope of their employment are public domain by statute. However, note that, despite popular misconception, the U.S. Federal Government can own copyrights that are assigned to it by others (for example, works created by contractors). Be careful, however: not all images on .mil and .gov websites are public domain. Among other reasons, the site may be using commercial [[stock photography]] owned by others. It may be useful to check the privacy and security notice of the website, but only with an email to the webmaster can you be confident that an image is in the public domain. It should also be noted that governments outside the U.S. often do claim copyright over works produced by their employees (for example, [[Crown Copyright]] in the [[United Kingdom]]). Also, most state and local governments in the United States do not place their work into the public domain and do in fact own the copyright to their work. Please be careful to check ownership information before copying. === UK Crown Copyright === The UK [[Office of Public Sector Information]], formerly [[HMSO]], has told us: : ''[[Crown copyright]] protection in published material lasts for fifty years from the end of the year in which the material was first published. Therefore [for example] material published [fifty-one years ago], and any Crown copyright material published before that date, would now be out of copyright, and may be freely reproduced throughout the world.'' [http://mail.wikipedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2005-May/039688.html] === Celebrity photographs === This is based on the image guidelines at [[IMDB]], so it especially applies to celebrity photographs, but also can apply to other pictures. Legitimate photographs generally come from three different places '''with permission'''. # The studios, producers, magazine publisher, or media outlet that originally shot the photograph. # Agencies that represent the photographers who shot the photos or the photographer themself (the latter especially for amateur photographs) # Submissions from the celebrity himself or herself or a legal representative of the celebrity. == Comments on copyright laws by country == ===Russia: copyright exemptions === According to the Russian copyright law of 1993 ([http://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D1%82_9.07.1993_%E2%84%96_5351-1 Федеральный закон от 9.07.1993 № 5351-1]), the following items are not subject to copyrights: *Official documents (laws, court decisions, other texts of legislative, administrative or judicial character); *State symbols and tokens (flags, coats of arms, [[order (decoration)|order]]s, banknotes and other state symbols and tokens); *Folk creative works; *Reports about events and facts, of informative character. Russian copyrights generally expire in 70 years after the death of the author. Items by authors who died prior to 1953 are public domain, because the expiration term was 50 years before 2004, and this change of the term wasn't retroactive, according to [http://www.copyrighter.ru/full/index.html?apispnew.htm Law 72-FZ, 2004 (in Russian)], article 2, part 3). If an item was not published during author's life, its copyright expire in 70 years after its first lawful publication (if the item wasn't moved into [[Public domain|PD]] before). This gives maximum term for unpublished or posthumously published works of 140 (if the author died after 1953) or 120 years (if the author died before 1953, AND his work was published before 2003). If an item was published anonymously or pseudonymously, and its author remains unknown, its copyright expires in 70 years after its first lawful publication. If the author is discovered, usual rule applies. PD status of a work in Russia can differ with that in the US, where Wikipedia servers are located. ===Algeria=== Article 9 of Algeria's [http://lexinter.net/DZ/ordonnance_relative_aux_droits_d%27auteur_et_aux_droits_voisins.htm Ordonnance N°97-10 du 27 Chaoual 1417 correspondant au 6 mars 1997 relative aux droits d'auteur et aux droits voisins.] states that: "Works of the State made licitly accessible to the public may be freely used for non-profit purposes, subject to respect for the integrity of the work and indication of its source. By "works of the State", in this article, are meant works produced and published by the various organs of the State, local communities, or public establishments of an administrative character." (original is in French.) In short, they are available for non-commercial use - which is deprecated on Wikipedia. ===Iran=== Although there has been no treaty between Iran and the United States regarding copyright protection, according to [[Jimbo Wales]], Wikipedia contributors should respect Iranian copyright law as best they can, the same as they do for other countries around the world. [http://mail.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikien-l/2005-August/027373.html] == Contributors' rights and obligations == If you contribute material to Wikipedia, you thereby license it to the public under the GFDL (with no invariant sections, front-cover texts, or back-cover texts). In order to contribute, you therefore must be in a position to grant this license, which means that either * you own the copyright to the material, for instance because you produced it yourself, or * you acquired the material from a source that allows the licensing under GFDL, for instance because the material is in the [[public domain]] or is itself published under GFDL. In the first case, you retain copyright to your materials. You can later republish and relicense them in any way you like. However, you can never retract the GFDL license for the versions you placed here: that material will remain under GFDL forever. In the second case, if you incorporate external GFDL materials, as a requirement of the GFDL, you need to acknowledge the authorship and provide a link back to the network location of the original copy. ===Introducing invariant sections or cover texts in Wikipedia=== Under Wikipedia's current copyright conditions, and with the current facilities of the MediaWiki software, it is only possible to include in Wikipedia external GFDL materials that contain invariant sections or cover texts, if all of the following apply, # You are the copyright holder of these external GFDL materials (or: you have the explicit, i.e. written, permission of the copyright holder to do what follows); # The length and nature of these invariant sections and cover texts does not exceed what can be placed in an [[wikipedia:edit summary|edit summary]]; # You are satisfied that these invariant sections and cover texts are not listed elsewhere than in the "page history" of the page where these external materials are placed; # You are satisfied that further copies of Wikipedia content are distributed under the standard GFDL application of "with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts" (in other words, for the copies derived from wikipedia, you agree that these parts of the text contributed by you will no longer be considered as "invariant sections" or "cover texts" in the GFDL sense); # The original invariant sections and/or cover texts are contained in the edit summary of the edit with which you introduce the thus GFDLed materials in wikipedia (so, that if "permanent deletion" would be applied to that edit, both the thus GFDLed material and its invariant sections and cover texts are jointly deleted). Seen the stringent conditions above, it is very desirable to replace GFDL texts with invariant sections (or with cover texts) by original content without invariant sections (or cover texts) whenever possible. === Using copyrighted work from others === If you use part of a copyrighted work under "[[Wikipedia:fair use|fair use]]", or if you obtain special permission to use a copyrighted work from the copyright holder under the terms of our license, you must make a note of that fact (along with names and dates). It is our goal to be able to freely redistribute as much of Wikipedia's material as possible, so original images and sound files licensed under the GFDL or in the [[public domain]] are greatly preferred to copyrighted media files used under fair use. See [[Wikipedia:Boilerplate request for permission]] for a form letter asking a copyright holder to grant us a license to use their work under terms of the GFDL. Never use materials that infringe the copyrights of others. This could create legal liabilities and seriously hurt the project. If in doubt, write it yourself. Note that copyright law governs the ''creative expression'' of ideas, not the ideas or information themselves. Therefore, it is legal to read an encyclopedia article or other work, reformulate the concepts in your own words, and submit it to Wikipedia. However, it would still be unethical (but not illegal) to do so without citing the original as a reference. See [[plagiarism]] and [[fair use]] for discussions of how much reformulation is necessary in a general context. === Linking to copyrighted works === Linking to copyrighted works is usually not a problem, as long as you have made a reasonable effort to determine that the page in question is not violating ''someone else's'' copyright. If it is, please do ''not'' link to the page. Whether such a link is contributory infringement is currently being debated in the courts,{{fact}} but in any case, linking to a site that illegally distributes someone else's work sheds a bad light on us. If the site in question is making fair use of the material, linking is OK. === If you find a copyright infringement === It is not the job of rank-and-file Wikipedians to police content for possible copyright infringement, but if you suspect one, you should at the very least bring up the issue on that page's talk page. Others can then examine the situation and take action if needed. The most helpful piece of information you can provide is a URL or other reference to what you believe may be the source of the text. Some cases will be false alarms. For example, if the contributor was in fact the author of the text that is published elsewhere under different terms, that does not affect their right to post it here under the GFDL. Also, sometimes you will find text elsewhere on the Web that was copied from Wikipedia. In both of these cases, it is a good idea to make a note in the talk page to discourage such false alarms in the future. If some of the content of a page really is an infringement, then the infringing content should be removed, and a note to that effect should be made on the talk page, along with the original source. If the author's permission is obtained later, the text can be restored. If ''all'' of the content of a page is a suspected copyright infringement, then the page should be listed on [[Wikipedia:Copyright problems]] and the content of the page replaced by the standard notice which you can find there. If, after a week, the page still appears to be a copyright infringement, then it may be deleted following the procedures on the votes page. In extreme cases of contributors continuing to post copyrighted material after appropriate warnings, such users may be blocked from editing to protect the project. == See also == * [[Wikipedia:Copyright FAQ]] * The [[Wikipedia:Contributing FAQ]] for questions on copyright. * Wikipedia's [[Wikipedia:designated agent|designated agent]] under [[OCILLA]] * [[Wikipedia:Sites that use Wikipedia as a source]] * [[Wikipedia:Standard GFDL violation letter]] * [[Wikipedia:Possible copyright infringements]] * [[Wikipedia:Spotting possible copyright violations]] * [[Wikipedia:Fair use]] * [[Wikipedia:Image copyright tags]] * [[Wikipedia:Boilerplate request for permission]] Further discussion... * [[Wikipedia:Copyright issues]] * [[m:Wikipedia and copyright issues]] * [[m:Avoid Copyright Paranoia]] * [[m:Permission grant extent]] [[Category:Permanently protected|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:විකිපීඩියා කර්තෘ හිමිකම|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:විකිපීඩියා නිල ප්‍රතිපත්තිය|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:Copyrights]] [[de:Wikipedia:Lizenzbestimmungen]] [[da:Wikipedia:Ophavsret]] [[es:Wikipedia:Derechos de autor]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Copyright]] [[it:Aiuto:Copyright]] [[ja:Wikipedia:著作権]] [[ko:위키백과:저작권]] [[lb:Wikipedia:Copyright]] [[hu:Wikipédia:Copyright]] [[nl:Wikipedia:Auteursrechten]] [[no:Wikipedia:Opphavsrett]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Prawa autorskie]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Direitos de autor]] [[rmy:Vikipidiya:Autorenge xakaya (chachimata)]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Copyrights]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Avtorske pravice]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Upphovsrätt]] [[vi:Wikipedia:Quyền tác giả]] [[th:วิกิพีเดีย:ลิขสิทธิ์]] [[tr:Vikipedi:Telif hakları]] [[uk:Вікіпедія:Авторське право]] [[zh:Wikipedia:版权信息]] User talk:Kylu 1996 5742 2006-07-01T00:52:40Z Kylu 105 sinhala-english links (hopefully they'll come in handy) ==Handy Dandy Sinhala-English Links== *[http://www.languageshome.com/English-Sinhalese.htm "Learn Sinhalese"] *[http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/resources/language/sinhala-phrases.html "Sinhala phrases"] p.s., I don't speak Sinhala. Sorry. Very interesting language though. User:Xandi 1997 5746 2006-07-01T03:22:47Z Xandi 106 ><(((*> මරිය හමුදාව 1998 5749 2006-07-01T05:13:46Z Ruwan 82 මරිය හමුදාව {{otheruses|මරිය හමුදාව}} ---- The '''Legion of Mary''' ([[Latin language|Latin]]: ''Legio Mariae'') is an association of [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]] [[laity]] who serve the Church on a voluntary basis. It was founded in [[Dublin]], [[Ireland]], on [[September 7]] [[1921]], and has over three million active members worldwide. ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== *[http://www.legion-of-mary.ie/ මරිය හමුදාව — මරිය හමුදා ජාත්‍යන්තර මධ්‍යස්ථානයේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] [[Category:කතෝලික ගිහි සමිත/ිසමාජ]]  {{RC-stub}} [[de:Legio Mariae]] [[en:Legion of Mary]] [[zh:圣母军]] 5750 2006-07-01T05:44:48Z Ruwan 82 මරිය හමුදාව {{otheruses|මරිය හමුදාව}} ---- The '''Legion of Mary''' ([[Latin language|Latin]]: ''Legio Mariae'') is an association of [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]] [[laity]] who serve the Church on a voluntary basis. It was founded in [[Dublin]], [[Ireland]], on [[September 7]] [[1921]], and has over three million active members worldwide. ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== *[http://www.legion-of-mary.ie/ මරිය හමුදාව — මරිය හමුදා ජාත්‍යන්තර මධ්‍යස්ථානයේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] [[Category:කතෝලික ගිහි සමිති/සංවිධාන]]  {{RC-stub}} [[de:Legio Mariae]] [[en:Legion of Mary]] [[zh:圣母军]] 5926 2006-07-02T18:54:04Z Ruwan 82 මරිය හමුදාව {{otheruses|මරිය හමුදාව}} ---- The '''Legion of Mary''' ([[Latin language|Latin]]: ''Legio Mariae'') is an association of [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]] [[laity]] who serve the Church on a voluntary basis. It was founded in [[Dublin]], [[Ireland]], on [[September 7]] [[1921]], and has over three million active members worldwide. '''මරිය හමුදාව''' (ලතින් බසින්්් : Legio Mariae / ඉංග්‍රීසි බසින්්් : Legion of Mary ) - සභාවට ස්වේච්ඡාවෙන් සේවය කරන කතෝලිකයන්ගෙන් සමන්විත, කතෝලික ගිහි සංවිධානයකි. මෙම සංවිධානය ආරම්භ වූයේ 1921 සැප්තැම්බර 7, අයර්ලන්තයේ ඩඛ්ලින් නුවරේ දී වූ අතර, මෙහි ලෝක ව්‍යාප්ත ක්‍රියාකාර ීසාමාජිකත්වය මිලියන තුනකට වඩා අධිකවේ. ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== *[http://www.legion-of-mary.ie/ මරිය හමුදාව — මරිය හමුදා ජාත්‍යන්තර මධ්‍යස්ථානයේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] [[Category:කතෝලික ගිහි සමිති/සංවිධාන]]  {{RC-stub}} [[de:Legio Mariae]] [[en:Legion of Mary]] [[zh:圣母军]] 5927 2006-07-02T19:25:13Z Ruwan 82 මරිය හමුදාව {{otheruses|මරිය හමුදාව}} ---- The '''Legion of Mary''' ([[Latin language|Latin]]: ''Legio Mariae'') is an association of [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]] [[laity]] who serve the Church on a voluntary basis. It was founded in [[Dublin]], [[Ireland]], on [[September 7]] [[1921]], and has over three million active members worldwide. '''මරිය හමුදාව''' ([[ලතින් භාෂාව|ලතින් බසින්්් ]]: Legio Mariae / [[ඉංග්‍රීසි භාෂාව|ඉංග්‍රීසි බසින්්් ]]: Legion of Mary ) - සභාවට ස්වේච්ඡාවෙන් සේවය කරන කතෝලිකයන්ගෙන් සමන්විත, [[රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව|කතෝලික]] [[ගිහියෝ|ගිහි ]]සංවිධානයකි. මෙම සංවිධානය ආරම්භ වූයේ [[1921]] [[සැප්තැම්බර 7]], [[අයර්ලන්තය | අයර්ලන්තයේ ]][[ඩඛ්ලින්]] නුවරේ දී වූ අතර, මෙහි ලෝක ව්‍යාප්ත ක්‍රියාකාර ීසාමාජිකත්වය මිලියන තුනකට වඩා අධිකවේ. ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== *[http://www.legion-of-mary.ie/ මරිය හමුදාව — මරිය හමුදා ජාත්‍යන්තර මධ්‍යස්ථානයේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] [[Category:කතෝලික ගිහි සමිති/සංවිධාන]]  {{RC-stub}} [[de:Legio Mariae]] [[en:Legion of Mary]] [[zh:圣母军]] 5928 2006-07-02T19:29:41Z Ruwan 82 මරිය හමුදාව {{otheruses|මරිය හමුදාව}} ----  '''මරිය හමුදාව''' ([[ලතින් භාෂාව|ලතින් බසින්්් ]]: Legio Mariae / [[ඉංග්‍රීසි භාෂාව|ඉංග්‍රීසි බසින්්් ]]: Legion of Mary ) - සභාවට ස්වේච්ඡාවෙන් සේවය කරන කතෝලිකයන්ගෙන් සමන්විත, [[රෝමානු කතෝලික සභාව|කතෝලික]] [[ගිහියෝ|ගිහි ]]සංවිධානයකි. මෙම සංවිධානය ආරම්භ වූයේ [[1921]] [[සැප්තැම්බර 7]], [[අයර්ලන්තය | අයර්ලන්තයේ ]][[ඩඛ්ලින්]] නුවරේ දී වූ අතර, මෙහි ලෝක ව්‍යාප්ත ක්‍රියාකාර ීසාමාජිකත්වය මිලියන තුනකට වඩා අධිකවේ.  ==අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු== *[http://www.legion-of-mary.ie/ මරිය හමුදාව — මරිය හමුදා ජාත්‍යන්තර මධ්‍යස්ථානයේ නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය] [[Category:කතෝලික ගිහි සමිති/සංවිධාන]]  {{RC-stub}} [[de:Legio Mariae]] [[en:Legion of Mary]] [[zh:圣母军]] User:Paginazero 1999 5753 2006-07-01T09:45:27Z Paginazero 107 Sorry, I cannot speak Sinhala. I'm the same Paginazero wandering on [[:it:User:Paginazero|it.wiki]] and [[:m:User:Paginazero|meta]]. MediaWiki:Accountcreated 2000 5757 2006-07-01T19:07:50Z MediaWiki default Account created MediaWiki:Accountcreatedtext 2001 5758 2006-07-01T19:07:50Z MediaWiki default The user account for $1 has been created. MediaWiki:Autoredircomment 2002 5766 2006-07-01T19:07:50Z MediaWiki default Redirecting to [[$1]] MediaWiki:Blockededitsource 2003 5767 2006-07-01T19:07:50Z MediaWiki default The text of '''your edits''' to '''$1''' is shown below: MediaWiki:Blockedoriginalsource 2004 5768 2006-07-01T19:07:50Z MediaWiki default The source of '''$1''' is shown below: MediaWiki:Boteditletter 2005 5772 2006-07-01T19:07:50Z MediaWiki default b MediaWiki:Cannotundelete 2006 5773 2006-07-01T19:07:50Z MediaWiki default Undelete failed; someone else may have undeleted the page first. 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