Wikipedia http://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%82 MediaWiki 1.9alpha first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk Image Image talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk 1 5247 2004-10-24T13:37:48Z 68.159.18.148 #REDIRECT [[मुखपृष्ठं]] 4 sysop 11414 2006-10-25T19:58:41Z MediaWiki default 207 Categories 5 sysop 5251 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default category 6 sysop 5252 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Articles in category "$1" 7 sysop 5253 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Subcategories 8 sysop 5254 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default /^([a-z]+)(.*)$/sD 9 sysop 5255 2004-12-13T13:38:41Z HPN 22 मुखपृष्ठं 10 sysop 10331 2006-03-28T06:31:16Z MediaWiki default <big>'''MediaWiki has been successfully installed.'''</big> 11 sysop 5257 2005-06-25T11:21:38Z MediaWiki default About 12 sysop 5258 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default About Wikipedia 13 sysop 5259 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Project:About 14 sysop 5260 2004-12-14T06:32:24Z HPN 22 सहायता 15 sysop 5261 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Help:Contents 16 sysop 5262 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} 17 sysop 5263 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Bug reports 18 sysop 5264 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Project:Bug_reports 19 sysop 8534 2005-07-03T13:41:00Z MediaWiki default Donations 20 sysop 5266 2004-01-29T15:18:05Z MediaWiki default &lt;sitesupportpage&gt; 21 sysop 5267 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default FAQ 22 sysop 5268 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Project:FAQ 23 sysop 5269 2004-12-14T06:11:03Z HPN 22 संपादनार्थं सहायता 24 sysop 5270 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Help:Editing 25 sysop 5271 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Cancel 26 sysop 5272 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Find 27 sysop 5273 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Browse 28 sysop 5274 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Edit 29 sysop 5275 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default This page 30 sysop 5276 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Context 31 sysop 5277 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default My pages 32 sysop 5278 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Special pages 33 sysop 5279 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default More... 34 sysop 5280 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default My page 35 sysop 5281 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default My talk 36 sysop 5282 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Current events 37 sysop 5283 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Disclaimers 38 sysop 5284 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Project:General_disclaimer 39 sysop 5285 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Error 40 sysop 5286 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Return to $1. 41 sysop 5287 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default From Wikipedia 42 sysop 5288 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default What links here 43 sysop 5289 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Search 44 sysop 5290 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Go 45 sysop 5291 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Page history 46 sysop 5292 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Printable version 47 sysop 5293 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Edit this page 48 sysop 5294 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Delete this page 49 sysop 5295 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Protect this page 50 sysop 5296 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Unprotect this page 51 sysop 5297 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default New page 52 sysop 5298 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Discuss this page 53 sysop 5299 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Post a comment 54 sysop 5300 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default View content page 55 sysop 5301 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default View subject 56 sysop 5302 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default View user page 57 sysop 5303 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default View project page 58 sysop 5304 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default View image page 59 sysop 5305 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default View discussion 60 sysop 9214 2005-07-29T11:07:12Z MediaWiki default In other languages 61 sysop 5307 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default (Redirected from $1) 62 sysop 5308 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default This page was last modified $1. 63 sysop 10832 2006-07-01T19:06:45Z MediaWiki default This page has been accessed {{plural:$1|one time|$1 times}}. 64 sysop 5310 2004-01-29T15:18:05Z MediaWiki default All text is available under the terms of the <a class=internal href='/wiki/GNU_FDL'>GNU Free Documentation License</a>. 65 sysop 5311 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default (From {{SERVER}}) 66 sysop 5312 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Protected page 67 sysop 10681 2006-07-01T19:06:42Z MediaWiki default {{ns:project}}:Administrators 68 sysop 5314 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Sysop access required 69 sysop 9229 2005-07-29T11:07:12Z MediaWiki default The action you have requested can only be performed by users with "sysop" capability. See $1. 70 sysop 5316 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Developer access required 71 sysop 9188 2005-07-29T11:07:10Z MediaWiki default The action you have requested can only be performed by users with "developer" capability. See $1. 72 sysop 10758 2006-07-01T19:06:44Z MediaWiki default $1 {{PLURAL:$1|byte|bytes}} 73 sysop 5319 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default OK 74 sysop 5320 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} 75 sysop 9996 2005-12-22T07:37:43Z MediaWiki default 76 sysop 5322 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Retrieved from "$1" 77 sysop 5323 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default You have $1. 78 sysop 5324 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default new messages 79 sysop 5325 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default edit 80 sysop 9230 2005-07-29T11:07:12Z MediaWiki default Contents 81 sysop 5327 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default show 82 sysop 5328 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default hide 83 sysop 5329 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default View or restore $1? 84 sysop 10796 2006-07-01T19:06:44Z MediaWiki default {{PLURAL:$1|one deleted edit|$1 deleted edits}} 85 sysop 5331 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default No such action 86 sysop 5332 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default The action specified by the URL is not recognized by the wiki 87 sysop 5333 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default No such special page 88 sysop 8493 2005-07-03T13:41:00Z MediaWiki default You have requested an invalid special page, a list of valid special pages may be found at [[{{ns:special}}:Specialpages]]. 89 sysop 5335 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Error 90 sysop 5336 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Database error 91 sysop 5337 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default A database query syntax error has occurred. This may indicate a bug in the software. The last attempted database query was: <blockquote><tt>$1</tt></blockquote> from within function "<tt>$2</tt>". MySQL returned error "<tt>$3: $4</tt>". 92 sysop 9871 2005-12-02T04:15:11Z MediaWiki default A database query syntax error has occurred. The last attempted database query was: "$1" from within function "$2". MySQL returned error "$3: $4" 93 sysop 5339 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Sorry! The wiki is experiencing some technical difficulties, and cannot contact the database server. <br /> $1 94 sysop 5340 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Could not select database $1 95 sysop 5341 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default The following is a cached copy of the requested page, and may not be up to date. 96 sysop 5342 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Database locked 97 sysop 5343 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Enter a reason for the lock, including an estimate of when the lock will be released 98 sysop 9462 2005-09-05T09:52:25Z MediaWiki default The database is currently locked to new entries and other modifications, probably for routine database maintenance, after which it will be back to normal. The administrator who locked it offered this explanation: $1 99 sysop 9453 2005-09-05T09:52:25Z MediaWiki default The database did not find the text of a page that it should have found, named "$1". This is usually caused by following an outdated diff or history link to a page that has been deleted. If this is not the case, you may have found a bug in the software. Please report this to an administrator, making note of the URL. 100 sysop 5346 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Internal error 101 sysop 5347 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Could not copy file "$1" to "$2". 102 sysop 5348 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Could not rename file "$1" to "$2". 103 sysop 5349 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Could not delete file "$1". 104 sysop 5350 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Could not find file "$1". 105 sysop 5351 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Unexpected value: "$1"="$2". 106 sysop 5352 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Error: could not submit form 107 sysop 5353 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default This action cannot be performed on this page. 108 sysop 8142 2005-07-03T13:40:57Z MediaWiki default Could not delete the page or file specified. (It may have already been deleted by someone else.) 109 sysop 5355 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Bad title 110 sysop 10218 2006-02-26T02:04:11Z MediaWiki default The requested page title was invalid, empty, or an incorrectly linked inter-language or inter-wiki title. It may contain one more characters which cannot be used in titles. 111 sysop 9458 2005-09-05T09:52:25Z MediaWiki default Sorry! This feature has been temporarily disabled because it slows the database down to the point that no one can use the wiki. 112 sysop 9459 2005-09-05T09:52:25Z MediaWiki default Here is a saved copy from $1: 113 sysop 9484 2005-09-05T09:52:27Z MediaWiki default Incorrect parameters to wfQuery()<br /> Function: $1<br /> Query: $2 114 sysop 5360 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default View source 115 sysop 10784 2006-07-01T19:06:44Z MediaWiki default This page has been locked to prevent editing. You can view and copy the source of this page: 116 sysop 5362 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default User logout 117 sysop 9874 2005-12-02T04:15:12Z MediaWiki default <strong>You are now logged out.</strong><br /> You can continue to use {{SITENAME}} anonymously, or you can log in again as the same or as a different user. Note that some pages may continue to be displayed as if you were still logged in, until you clear your browser cache. 118 sysop 5364 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default == Welcome, $1! == Your account has been created. Don't forget to change your {{SITENAME}} preferences. 119 sysop 5365 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default User login 120 sysop 9253 2005-07-29T11:07:13Z MediaWiki default Username 121 sysop 8621 2005-07-03T13:41:01Z MediaWiki default Password 122 sysop 5368 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Retype password 123 sysop 5369 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default (new users only) 124 sysop 11451 2006-10-25T19:58:54Z MediaWiki default 207 Remember my login on this computer 125 sysop 5371 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default <b>There has been a problem with your login.</b><br />Try again! 126 sysop 9868 2005-12-02T04:15:11Z MediaWiki default <strong>User $1, you are already logged in!</strong><br /> 127 sysop 5373 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Log in 128 sysop 5374 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default You must have cookies enabled to log in to {{SITENAME}}. 129 sysop 9859 2005-12-02T02:42:18Z MediaWiki default Log in / create account 130 sysop 5376 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Log out 131 sysop 5377 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Log out 132 sysop 5378 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Not logged in 133 sysop 9823 2005-12-02T02:42:15Z MediaWiki default Create account 134 sysop 9824 2005-12-02T02:42:15Z MediaWiki default by e-mail 135 sysop 5381 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default The passwords you entered do not match. 136 sysop 9858 2005-12-02T02:42:18Z MediaWiki default Username entered already in use. Please choose a different name. 137 sysop 11479 2006-10-25T19:59:02Z MediaWiki default 207 E-mail *: 138 sysop 9741 2005-11-09T23:07:20Z MediaWiki default Nickname: 139 sysop 9979 2005-12-22T07:37:41Z MediaWiki default <div style="width:30em">* Optional. An e-mail lets others contact you on this site without revealing your address, and lets us send you a new password if you forget it.<br /><br />Your real name will be used to give you attribution for your work.</div> 140 sysop 5386 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Login error 141 sysop 5387 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default The user account was created, but you are not logged in. {{SITENAME}} uses cookies to log in users. You have cookies disabled. Please enable them, then log in with your new username and password. 142 sysop 5388 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} uses cookies to log in users. You have cookies disabled. Please enable them and try again. 143 sysop 5389 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default You have not specified a valid user name. 144 sysop 5390 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Login successful 145 sysop 9836 2005-12-02T02:42:16Z MediaWiki default '''You are now logged in to {{SITENAME}} as "$1".''' 146 sysop 9843 2005-12-02T02:42:17Z MediaWiki default There is no user by the name "$1". Check your spelling, or create a new account. 147 sysop 9864 2005-12-02T02:42:18Z MediaWiki default Incorrect password entered. Please try again. 148 sysop 9838 2005-12-02T02:42:16Z MediaWiki default E-mail password 149 sysop 5395 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Password reminder from {{SITENAME}} 150 sysop 10771 2006-07-01T19:06:44Z MediaWiki default Someone (probably you, from IP address $1) requested that we send you a new password for {{SITENAME}} ($4). The password for user "$2" is now "$3". You should log in and change your password now. If someone else made this request or if you have remembered your password and you no longer wish to change it, you may ignore this message and continue using your old password. 151 sysop 5397 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default There is no e-mail address recorded for user "$1". 152 sysop 5398 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default A new password has been sent to the e-mail address registered for "$1". Please log in again after you receive it. 153 sysop 9835 2005-12-02T02:42:16Z MediaWiki default 154 sysop 5400 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Bold text 155 sysop 5401 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Bold text 156 sysop 5402 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Italic text 157 sysop 5403 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Italic text 158 sysop 5404 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Link title 159 sysop 5405 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Internal link 160 sysop 5406 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default http://www.example.com link title 161 sysop 5407 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default External link (remember http:// prefix) 162 sysop 5408 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Headline text 163 sysop 5409 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Level 2 headline 164 sysop 5410 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Insert formula here 165 sysop 5411 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Mathematical formula (LaTeX) 166 sysop 5412 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Insert non-formatted text here 167 sysop 5413 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Ignore wiki formatting 168 sysop 5414 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Example.jpg 169 sysop 5415 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Embedded image 170 sysop 8476 2005-07-03T13:40:59Z MediaWiki default Example.ogg 171 sysop 5417 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Media file link 172 sysop 5418 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Your signature with timestamp 173 sysop 5419 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Horizontal line (use sparingly) 174 sysop 5420 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Click a button to get an example text 175 sysop 5421 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Summary 176 sysop 5422 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Subject/headline 177 sysop 9208 2005-07-29T11:07:11Z MediaWiki default This is a minor edit 178 sysop 5424 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Watch this page 179 sysop 5425 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Save page 180 sysop 5426 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Preview 181 sysop 5427 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Show preview 182 sysop 5428 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default User is blocked 183 sysop 11135 2006-08-31T19:13:01Z MediaWiki default <big>'''Your user name or IP address has been blocked.'''</big> The block was made by $1. The reason given is ''$2''. You can contact $1 or another [[{{ns:project}}:Administrators|administrator]] to discuss the block. You cannot use the 'email this user' feature unless a valid email address is specified in your [[Special:Preferences|account preferences]]. Your current IP address is $3. Please include this in any queries. 184 sysop 5430 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Login required to edit 185 sysop 10841 2006-07-01T19:06:45Z MediaWiki default You have to $1 to edit pages. 186 sysop 5432 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Login required to read 187 sysop 5433 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default You have to [[Special:Userlogin|login]] to read pages. 188 sysop 5434 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default You are not allowed to create an account 189 sysop 5435 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default To be allowed to create accounts in this Wiki you have to [[Special:Userlogin|log]] in and have the appropriate permissions. 190 sysop 5436 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Password sent. 191 sysop 9976 2005-12-22T07:37:40Z MediaWiki default The password for "$1" has been sent to $2. 192 sysop 5438 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default (New) 193 sysop 10760 2006-07-01T19:06:44Z MediaWiki default You've followed a link to a page that doesn't exist yet. To create the page, start typing in the box below (see the [[{{ns:help}}:Contents|help page]] for more info). If you are here by mistake, just click your browser's '''back''' button. 194 sysop 10686 2006-07-01T19:06:43Z MediaWiki default ----''This is the discussion page for an anonymous user who has not created an account yet or who does not use it. We therefore have to use the numerical IP address to identify him/her. Such an IP address can be shared by several users. If you are an anonymous user and feel that irrelevant comments have been directed at you, please [[Special:Userlogin|create an account or log in]] to avoid future confusion with other anonymous users.'' 195 sysop 10763 2006-07-01T19:06:44Z MediaWiki default There is currently no text in this page, you can [[{{ns:special}}:Search/{{PAGENAME}}|search for this page title]] in other pages or [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=edit}} edit this page]. 196 sysop 5442 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default (Updated) 197 sysop 10237 2006-02-26T02:04:12Z MediaWiki default <strong>Note:</strong> 198 sysop 9709 2005-11-09T23:07:19Z MediaWiki default <strong>This is only a preview; changes have not yet been saved!</strong> 199 sysop 10779 2006-07-01T19:06:44Z MediaWiki default This preview reflects the text in the upper text editing area as it will appear if you choose to save. 200 sysop 5446 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Editing $1 201 sysop 5447 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default (section) 202 sysop 5448 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default (comment) 203 sysop 5449 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Edit conflict: $1 204 sysop 9980 2005-12-22T07:37:42Z MediaWiki default Someone else has changed this page since you started editing it. The upper text area contains the page text as it currently exists. Your changes are shown in the lower text area. You will have to merge your changes into the existing text. <b>Only</b> the text in the upper text area will be saved when you press "Save page".<br /> 205 sysop 5451 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Your text 206 sysop 5452 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Stored version 207 sysop 8171 2005-07-03T13:40:57Z MediaWiki default <strong>WARNING: You are editing an out-of-date revision of this page. If you save it, any changes made since this revision will be lost.</strong> 208 sysop 5454 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Differences 209 sysop 9977 2005-12-22T07:37:41Z MediaWiki default Please note that all contributions to {{SITENAME}} are considered to be released under the $2 (see $1 for details). If you don't want your writing to be edited mercilessly and redistributed at will, then don't submit it here.<br /> You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource. <strong>DO NOT SUBMIT COPYRIGHTED WORK WITHOUT PERMISSION!</strong> 210 sysop 8472 2005-07-03T13:40:59Z MediaWiki default <strong>WARNING: This page is $1 kilobytes long; some browsers may have problems editing pages approaching or longer than 32kb. Please consider breaking the page into smaller sections.</strong> 211 sysop 8510 2005-07-03T13:41:00Z MediaWiki default <strong>WARNING: The database has been locked for maintenance, so you will not be able to save your edits right now. You may wish to cut-n-paste the text into a text file and save it for later.</strong> 212 sysop 10783 2006-07-01T19:06:44Z MediaWiki default <strong>WARNING: This page has been locked so that only users with sysop privileges can edit it.</strong> 213 sysop 5459 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Revision history 214 sysop 5460 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default There is no edit history for this page. 215 sysop 5461 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Revision not found 216 sysop 9995 2005-12-22T07:37:43Z MediaWiki default The old revision of the page you asked for could not be found. Please check the URL you used to access this page. 217 sysop 5463 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Loading page history 218 sysop 5464 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Current revision 219 sysop 5465 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Revision as of $1 220 sysop 5466 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default cur 221 sysop 5467 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default next 222 sysop 5468 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default last 223 sysop 5469 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default orig 224 sysop 5470 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Diff selection: mark the radio boxes of the versions to compare and hit enter or the button at the bottom.<br /> Legend: (cur) = difference with current version, (last) = difference with preceding version, M = minor edit. 225 sysop 5471 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default (Difference between revisions) 226 sysop 5472 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default loading revision for diff 227 sysop 5473 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Line $1: 228 sysop 5474 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Edit the current version of this page 229 sysop 5475 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Search results 230 sysop 5476 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia:Searching 231 sysop 5477 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default Searching Wikipedia 232 sysop 10801 2006-07-01T19:06:44Z MediaWiki default For more information about searching {{SITENAME}}, see [[{{ns:project}}:Searching|Searching {{SITENAME}}]]. 233 sysop 5479 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default For query "$1" 234 sysop 5480 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Badly formed search query 235 sysop 5481 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default We could not process your query. This is probably because you have attempted to search for a word fewer than three letters long, which is not yet supported. It could also be that you have mistyped the expression, for example "fish and and scales". Please try another query. 236 sysop 5482 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default The query "$1" matched $2 page titles and the text of $3 pages. 237 sysop 10236 2006-02-26T02:04:12Z MediaWiki default '''There is no page titled "$1".''' You can [[$1|create this page]]. 238 sysop 5484 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Article title matches 239 sysop 5485 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default No page title matches 240 sysop 5486 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Page text matches 241 sysop 5487 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default No page text matches 242 sysop 5488 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default previous $1 243 sysop 5489 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default next $1 244 sysop 5490 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default View ($1) ($2) ($3). 245 sysop 5491 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Showing below up to <b>$1</b> results starting with #<b>$2</b>. 246 sysop 5492 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Showing below <b>$3</b> results starting with #<b>$2</b>. 247 sysop 11177 2006-08-31T19:13:04Z MediaWiki default '''Note''': Unsuccessful searches are often caused by searching for common words like "have" and "from", which are not indexed, or by specifying more than one search term (only pages containing all of the search terms will appear in the result). 248 sysop 5494 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Search 249 sysop 10774 2006-07-01T19:06:44Z MediaWiki default Search in namespaces:<br />$1<br />$2 List redirects<br />Search for $3 $9 250 sysop 8523 2005-07-03T13:41:00Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} search is disabled. You can search via Google in the meantime. Note that their indexes of {{SITENAME}} content may be out of date. 251 sysop 5497 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default (Main) 252 sysop 5498 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Preferences 253 sysop 5499 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Not logged in 254 sysop 9217 2005-07-29T11:07:12Z MediaWiki default You must be [[Special:Userlogin|logged in]] to set user preferences. 255 sysop 5501 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default You are logged in as "$1". Your internal ID number is $2. See [[Project:User preferences help]] for help deciphering the options. 256 sysop 5502 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Preferences have been reset from storage. 257 sysop 5503 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Quickbar 258 sysop 5504 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Change password 259 sysop 5505 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Skin 260 sysop 8475 2005-07-03T13:40:59Z MediaWiki default Math 261 sysop 5507 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Date format 262 sysop 5508 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Failed to parse 263 sysop 5509 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default unknown error 264 sysop 10234 2006-02-26T02:04:12Z MediaWiki default unknown function 265 sysop 5511 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default lexing error 266 sysop 5512 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default syntax error 267 sysop 5513 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default PNG conversion failed; check for correct installation of latex, dvips, gs, and convert 268 sysop 8519 2005-07-03T13:41:00Z MediaWiki default Save 269 sysop 8514 2005-07-03T13:41:00Z MediaWiki default Reset 270 sysop 9706 2005-11-09T23:07:19Z MediaWiki default Old password: 271 sysop 9701 2005-11-09T23:07:18Z MediaWiki default New password: 272 sysop 9714 2005-11-09T23:07:19Z MediaWiki default Retype new password: 273 sysop 5519 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Editing 274 sysop 9715 2005-11-09T23:07:19Z MediaWiki default Rows: 275 sysop 9671 2005-11-09T23:07:17Z MediaWiki default Columns: 276 sysop 8525 2005-07-03T13:41:00Z MediaWiki default Search 277 sysop 9713 2005-11-09T23:07:19Z MediaWiki default Hits per page: 278 sysop 9676 2005-11-09T23:07:17Z MediaWiki default Lines per hit: 279 sysop 9675 2005-11-09T23:07:17Z MediaWiki default Context per line: 280 sysop 9718 2005-11-09T23:07:19Z MediaWiki default Threshold for stub display: 281 sysop 9710 2005-11-09T23:07:19Z MediaWiki default Titles in recent changes: 282 sysop 5528 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Your preferences have been saved. 283 sysop 8539 2005-07-03T13:41:01Z MediaWiki default The number of hours your local time differs from server time (UTC). 284 sysop 8470 2005-07-03T13:40:59Z MediaWiki default Local time 285 sysop 8538 2005-07-03T13:41:01Z MediaWiki default Offset¹ 286 sysop 8527 2005-07-03T13:41:00Z MediaWiki default Server time 287 sysop 5533 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Fill in from browser 288 sysop 5534 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Disable e-mail from other users 289 sysop 5535 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Search in these namespaces by default: 290 sysop 5536 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default changes 291 sysop 5537 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Recent changes 292 sysop 9606 2005-10-01T11:42:56Z Yann 25 <div style="font-size:90%;">{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} articles<br/> [[m:Special:Recentchanges|Meta]] - [[commons:Special:Recentchanges|Commons]] - [[b:en:Special:Recentchanges|Wikibooks]] - [[wikt:en:Special:Recentchanges|Wiktionary]] - [http://wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Recentchanges Wikisource] </div> [[en:Special:Recentchanges]] [[gu:Special:Recentchanges]] [[hi:Special:Recentchanges]] 293 sysop 5539 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Loading recent changes 294 sysop 10788 2006-07-01T19:06:44Z MediaWiki default Below are the last <strong>$1</strong> changes in the last <strong>$2</strong> days, as of $3. 295 sysop 5541 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Below are the changes since <b>$2</b> (up to <b>$1</b> shown). 296 sysop 5542 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Show new changes starting from $1 297 sysop 10248 2006-02-26T02:04:13Z MediaWiki default $1 minor edits | $2 bots | $3 logged in users | $4 patrolled edits 298 sysop 5544 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Show last $1 changes in last $2 days<br />$3 299 sysop 5545 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default in $4 form; $1 minor edits; $2 secondary namespaces; $3 multiple edits. 300 sysop 5546 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default ; $1 edits from logged in users 301 sysop 5547 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default diff 302 sysop 5548 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default hist 303 sysop 9202 2005-07-29T11:07:11Z MediaWiki default Hide 304 sysop 9466 2005-09-05T09:52:26Z MediaWiki default Show 305 sysop 5551 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default table 306 sysop 5552 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default list 307 sysop 5553 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default $1 changes 308 sysop 5554 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default m 309 sysop 5555 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default N 310 sysop 5556 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Upload file 311 sysop 5557 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Upload file 312 sysop 5558 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Upload images 313 sysop 5559 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Re-upload 314 sysop 5560 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Return to the upload form. 315 sysop 5561 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Not logged in 316 sysop 8560 2005-07-03T13:41:01Z MediaWiki default You must be [[Special:Userlogin|logged in]] to upload files. 317 sysop 5563 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Upload images, sounds, documents etc. 318 sysop 5564 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Upload error 319 sysop 10831 2006-07-01T19:06:45Z MediaWiki default Use the form below to upload files, to view or search previously uploaded images go to the [[Special:Imagelist|list of uploaded files]], uploads and deletions are also logged in the [[Special:Log/upload|upload log]]. To include the image in a page, use a link in the form '''<nowiki>[[{{ns:image}}:File.jpg]]</nowiki>''', '''<nowiki>[[{{ns:image}}:File.png|alt text]]</nowiki>''' or '''<nowiki>[[{{ns:media}}:File.ogg]]</nowiki>''' for directly linking to the file. 320 sysop 5566 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default upload log 321 sysop 10829 2006-07-01T19:06:45Z MediaWiki default Upload log 322 sysop 5568 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of the most recent file uploads. 323 sysop 5569 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Filename 324 sysop 5570 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Summary 325 sysop 5571 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Copyright status 326 sysop 5572 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Source 327 sysop 5573 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default I affirm that the copyright holder of this file agrees to license it under the terms of the $1. 328 sysop 5574 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Project:Copyrights 329 sysop 5575 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} copyright 330 sysop 5576 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Uploaded files 331 sysop 5577 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default You must affirm that your upload does not violate any copyrights. 332 sysop 5578 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Ignore warning and save file anyway. 333 sysop 9207 2005-07-29T11:07:11Z MediaWiki default File names must be at least three letters. 334 sysop 9183 2005-07-29T11:07:09Z MediaWiki default File name has been changed to "$1". 335 sysop 5581 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default ".$1" is not a recommended image file format. 336 sysop 10749 2006-07-01T19:06:44Z MediaWiki default It is recommended that files do not exceed $1 bytes in size; this file is $2 bytes 337 sysop 5583 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Successful upload 338 sysop 5584 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default File $1 uploaded successfully. Please follow this link: $2 to the description page and fill in information about the file, such as where it came from, when it was created and by whom, and anything else you may know about it. If this is an image, you can insert it like this: <tt><nowiki>[[Image:$1|thumb|Description]]</nowiki></tt> 339 sysop 5585 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Upload warning 340 sysop 5586 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Save file 341 sysop 8558 2005-07-03T13:41:01Z MediaWiki default uploaded "[[$1]]" 342 sysop 10259 2006-02-26T02:04:13Z MediaWiki default Uploads disabled 343 sysop 8452 2005-07-03T13:40:59Z MediaWiki default File list 344 sysop 10733 2006-07-01T19:06:43Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of '''$1''' {{plural:$1|file|files}} sorted $2. 345 sysop 8424 2005-07-03T13:40:59Z MediaWiki default fetching file list 346 sysop 5592 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Show all images with names matching 347 sysop 5593 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Search 348 sysop 8532 2005-07-03T13:41:00Z MediaWiki default Show last $1 files sorted $2. 349 sysop 5595 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default all 350 sysop 5596 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default by name 351 sysop 5597 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default by date 352 sysop 5598 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default by size 353 sysop 5599 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default del 354 sysop 5600 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default desc 355 sysop 9204 2005-07-29T11:07:11Z MediaWiki default Legend: (desc) = show/edit file description. 356 sysop 9203 2005-07-29T11:07:11Z MediaWiki default File history 357 sysop 5603 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default rev 358 sysop 5604 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default del 359 sysop 8455 2005-07-03T13:40:59Z MediaWiki default Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. <br /><i>Click on date to see the file uploaded on that date</i>. 360 sysop 8451 2005-07-03T13:40:59Z MediaWiki default Links 361 sysop 8469 2005-07-03T13:40:59Z MediaWiki default The following pages link to this file: 362 sysop 8492 2005-07-03T13:41:00Z MediaWiki default There are no pages that link to this file. 363 sysop 5609 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Statistics 364 sysop 9225 2005-07-29T11:07:12Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} statistics 365 sysop 5611 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default User statistics 366 sysop 10353 2006-03-28T06:31:18Z MediaWiki default There are '''$1''' total pages in the database. This includes "talk" pages, pages about {{SITENAME}}, minimal "stub" pages, redirects, and others that probably don't qualify as content pages. Excluding those, there are '''$2''' pages that are probably legitimate content pages. '''$8''' files have been uploaded. There have been a total of '''$3''' page views, and '''$4''' page edits since the wiki was setup. That comes to '''$5''' average edits per page, and '''$6''' views per edit. The [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Job_queue job queue] length is '''$7'''. 367 sysop 11200 2006-08-31T19:13:06Z MediaWiki default There are '''$1''' registered users, of which '''$2''' (or '''$4%''') are $5. 368 sysop 5614 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Maintenance page 369 sysop 5615 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default This page includes several handy tools for everyday maintenance. Some of these functions tend to stress the database, so please do not hit reload after every item you fixed ;-) 370 sysop 5616 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Back to Maintenance Page 371 sysop 5617 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Disambiguation pages 372 sysop 11113 2006-08-28T14:24:04Z YurikBot 83 Listed disambig templates. PLEASE REVIEW! Admins, please maintain this page by including links to all disambiguation templates and any redirects to them. The list is used by [[Special:Disambiguations]] to show any pages linking to disambiguation articles. The list will also be used by various bots. <small>Note: This page may be translated and reformatted. Any links to '''<nowiki>[[template:...]]</nowiki>''' will be treated as links to disambiguation templates.</small> * [[Template:Disambig]] 373 sysop 5619 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default The following pages link to a <i>disambiguation page</i>. They should link to the appropriate topic instead.<br />A page is treated as disambiguation if it is linked from $1.<br />Links from other namespaces are <i>not</i> listed here. 374 sysop 9190 2005-07-29T11:07:10Z MediaWiki default Double redirects 375 sysop 5621 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Each row contains links to the first and second redirect, as well as the first line of the second redirect text, usually giving the "real" target page, which the first redirect should point to. 376 sysop 10220 2006-02-26T02:04:11Z MediaWiki default Broken redirects 377 sysop 10221 2006-02-26T02:04:11Z MediaWiki default The following redirects link to non-existent pages: 378 sysop 10244 2006-02-26T02:04:13Z MediaWiki default Self-linking pages 379 sysop 10245 2006-02-26T02:04:13Z MediaWiki default The following pages link to themselves: 380 sysop 5626 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Pages with misspellings 381 sysop 5627 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default The following pages contain a common misspelling, which are listed on $1. The correct spelling might be given (like this). 382 sysop 5628 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default List of common misspellings 383 sysop 5629 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Missing Language Links 384 sysop 5630 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Find missing language links for 385 sysop 5631 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default These pages do <i>not</i> link to their counterpart in $1. Redirects and subpages are <i>not</i> shown. 386 sysop 5632 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Orphaned pages 387 sysop 5633 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Orphaned pages 388 sysop 8556 2005-07-03T13:41:01Z MediaWiki default Unused files 389 sysop 5635 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Popular pages 390 sysop 10769 2006-07-01T19:06:44Z MediaWiki default $1 {{PLURAL:$1|view|views}} 391 sysop 5637 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Wanted pages 392 sysop 10761 2006-07-01T19:06:44Z MediaWiki default $1 {{PLURAL:$1|link|links}} 393 sysop 5639 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default All pages 394 sysop 5640 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Random page 395 sysop 5641 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Short pages 396 sysop 5642 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Long pages 397 sysop 5643 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Dead-end pages 398 sysop 5644 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default User list 399 sysop 5645 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Special pages 400 sysop 5646 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Special pages for all users 401 sysop 5647 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default For sysop use only 402 sysop 5648 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default For developer use only 403 sysop 5649 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Protect page 404 sysop 5650 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Related changes 405 sysop 5651 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default (to pages linked from "$1") 406 sysop 5652 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Debug 407 sysop 5653 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default New pages 408 sysop 5654 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Oldest pages 409 sysop 5655 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Interlanguage links 410 sysop 5656 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Move this page 411 sysop 5657 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default <p>Please note that other web sites may link to an image with a direct URL, and so may still be listed here despite being in active use.</p> 412 sysop 5658 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Book sources 413 sysop 9185 2005-07-29T11:07:09Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of links to other sites that sell new and used books, and may also have further information about books you are looking for. 414 sysop 5660 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default $1 to $2 415 sysop 5661 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default No send address 416 sysop 8473 2005-07-03T13:40:59Z MediaWiki default You must be [[Special:Userlogin|logged in]] and have a valid e-mail address in your [[Special:Preferences|preferences]] to send e-mail to other users. 417 sysop 5663 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default E-mail this user 418 sysop 5664 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default E-mail user 419 sysop 5665 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default If this user has entered a valid e-mail address in his or her user preferences, the form below will send a single message. The e-mail address you entered in your user preferences will appear as the "From" address of the mail, so the recipient will be able to reply. 420 sysop 5666 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default No e-mail address 421 sysop 5667 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default This user has not specified a valid e-mail address, or has chosen not to receive e-mail from other users. 422 sysop 5668 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default From 423 sysop 5669 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default To 424 sysop 5670 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Subject 425 sysop 5671 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Message 426 sysop 5672 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Send 427 sysop 5673 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default E-mail sent 428 sysop 5674 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Your e-mail message has been sent. 429 sysop 5675 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default My watchlist 430 sysop 5676 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default (for user "$1") 431 sysop 5677 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default You have no items on your watchlist. 432 sysop 5678 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Not logged in 433 sysop 9251 2005-07-29T11:07:13Z MediaWiki default You must be [[Special:Userlogin|logged in]] to modify your watchlist. 434 sysop 5680 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Added to watchlist 435 sysop 10680 2006-07-01T19:06:42Z MediaWiki default The page "[[:$1]]" has been added to your [[Special:Watchlist|watchlist]]. Future changes to this page and its associated Talk page will be listed there, and the page will appear '''bolded''' in the [[Special:Recentchanges|list of recent changes]] to make it easier to pick out. If you want to remove the page from your watchlist later, click "Unwatch" in the sidebar. 436 sysop 5682 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Removed from watchlist 437 sysop 10795 2006-07-01T19:06:44Z MediaWiki default The page "[[:$1]]" has been removed from your watchlist. 438 sysop 5684 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Watch this page 439 sysop 5685 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Stop watching 440 sysop 5686 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Not a content page 441 sysop 9250 2005-07-29T11:07:13Z MediaWiki default None of your watched items was edited in the time period displayed. 442 sysop 11473 2006-10-25T19:59:01Z MediaWiki default 207 * {{PLURAL:$1|$1 page|$1 pages}} watched not counting talk pages * [[Special:Watchlist/edit|Show and edit complete watchlist]] * [[Special:Watchlist/clear|Remove all pages]] 443 sysop 5689 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default checking recent edits for watched pages 444 sysop 5690 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default checking watched pages for recent edits 445 sysop 5691 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Remove checked items from watchlist 446 sysop 5692 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Your watchlist contains $1 pages. 447 sysop 8606 2005-07-03T13:41:01Z MediaWiki default Here's an alphabetical list of your watched content pages. Check the boxes of pages you want to remove from your watchlist and click the 'remove checked' button at the bottom of the screen (deleting a content page also deletes the accompanying talk page and vice versa). 448 sysop 5694 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Removing requested items from watchlist... 449 sysop 5695 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Couldn't remove item '$1'... 450 sysop 5696 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Problem with item '$1', invalid name... 451 sysop 5697 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Below are the last $1 changes in the last <b>$2</b> hours. 452 sysop 5698 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Show last $1 hours $2 days $3 453 sysop 5699 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default This is a saved version of your watchlist. 454 sysop 5700 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Delete page 455 sysop 5701 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Confirm 456 sysop 8184 2005-07-03T13:40:58Z MediaWiki default content was: '$1' 457 sysop 8183 2005-07-03T13:40:58Z MediaWiki default content before blanking was: '$1' 458 sysop 5704 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default page was empty 459 sysop 5705 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Confirm delete 460 sysop 5706 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default (Deleting "$1") 461 sysop 10226 2006-02-26T02:04:12Z MediaWiki default Warning: The page you are about to delete has a history: 462 sysop 10700 2006-07-01T19:06:43Z MediaWiki default You are about to permanently delete a page or image along with all of its history from the database. Please confirm that you intend to do this, that you understand the consequences, and that you are doing this in accordance with [[{{ns:project}}:Policy]]. 463 sysop 5709 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Yes, I really want to delete this. 464 sysop 5710 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Action complete 465 sysop 5711 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default "$1" has been deleted. See $2 for a record of recent deletions. 466 sysop 8165 2005-07-03T13:40:57Z MediaWiki default deleted "[[$1]]" 467 sysop 10704 2006-07-01T19:06:43Z MediaWiki default Deletion log 468 sysop 5714 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of the most recent deletions. 469 sysop 5715 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default deletion log 470 sysop 5716 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Reverted to earlier revision 471 sysop 5717 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Reason for deletion 472 sysop 5718 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Revert to earlier version was successful. 473 sysop 5719 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Roll back edits 474 sysop 5720 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default rollback 475 sysop 5721 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Rollback failed 476 sysop 5722 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Cannot revert edit; last contributor is only author of this page. 477 sysop 10214 2006-02-26T02:04:11Z MediaWiki default Cannot rollback last edit of [[$1]] by [[User:$2|$2]] ([[User talk:$2|Talk]]); someone else has edited or rolled back the page already. Last edit was by [[User:$3|$3]] ([[User talk:$3|Talk]]). 478 sysop 5724 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default The edit comment was: "<i>$1</i>". 479 sysop 10797 2006-07-01T19:06:44Z MediaWiki default Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/$2|$2]] ([[User_talk:$2|Talk]]); changed back to last version by [[User:$1|$1]] 480 sysop 10785 2006-07-01T19:06:44Z MediaWiki default Protection log 481 sysop 10786 2006-07-01T19:06:44Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of page locks and unlocks. 482 sysop 8506 2005-07-03T13:41:00Z MediaWiki default protected "[[$1]]" 483 sysop 8555 2005-07-03T13:41:01Z MediaWiki default unprotected "[[$1]]" 484 sysop 9474 2005-09-05T09:52:26Z MediaWiki default View deleted pages 485 sysop 5731 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default View and restore deleted pages 486 sysop 5732 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default The following pages have been deleted but are still in the archive and can be restored. The archive may be periodically cleaned out. 487 sysop 5733 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Restore deleted page 488 sysop 5734 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default $1 revisions archived 489 sysop 5735 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default If you restore the page, all revisions will be restored to the history. If a new page with the same name has been created since the deletion, the restored revisions will appear in the prior history, and the current revision of the live page will not be automatically replaced. 490 sysop 5736 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Deleted revision as of $1 491 sysop 10819 2006-07-01T19:06:45Z MediaWiki default Restore 492 sysop 8554 2005-07-03T13:41:01Z MediaWiki default restored "[[$1]]" 493 sysop 9729 2005-11-09T23:07:20Z MediaWiki default [[:$1|$1]] has been successfully restored. See [[Special:Log/delete]] for a record of recent deletions and restorations. 494 sysop 5740 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default User contributions 495 sysop 5741 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default My contributions 496 sysop 5742 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default For $1 497 sysop 5743 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default No changes were found matching these criteria. 498 sysop 5744 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Below are this user's last <b>$1</b> changes in the last <b>$2</b> days. 499 sysop 5745 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default View the last $1 changes; view the last $2 days. 500 sysop 5746 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default (top) 501 sysop 5747 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default No target 502 sysop 5748 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default You have not specified a target page or user to perform this function on. 503 sysop 5749 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default (List of links) 504 sysop 11167 2006-08-31T19:13:03Z MediaWiki default The following pages link to '''[[:$1]]''': 505 sysop 11176 2006-08-31T19:13:04Z MediaWiki default No pages link to '''[[:$1]]'''. 506 sysop 5752 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default redirect page 507 sysop 5753 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Block user 508 sysop 10691 2006-07-01T19:06:43Z MediaWiki default Use the form below to block write access from a specific IP address or username. This should be done only only to prevent vandalism, and in accordance with [[{{ns:project}}:Policy|policy]]. Fill in a specific reason below (for example, citing particular pages that were vandalized). 509 sysop 8462 2005-07-03T13:40:59Z MediaWiki default IP Address 510 sysop 5756 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Reason 511 sysop 5757 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Block this user 512 sysop 5758 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Invalid IP address 513 sysop 5759 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default You must supply a reason for the block. 514 sysop 5760 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Block succeeded 515 sysop 10219 2006-02-26T02:04:11Z MediaWiki default [[{{ns:Special}}:Contributions/$1|$1]] has been blocked. <br />See [[{{ns:Special}}:Ipblocklist|IP block list]] to review blocks. 516 sysop 5762 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Unblock user 517 sysop 5763 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Use the form below to restore write access to a previously blocked IP address or username. 518 sysop 5764 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Unblock this address 519 sysop 8467 2005-07-03T13:40:59Z MediaWiki default "[[$1]]" unblocked 520 sysop 5766 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default List of blocked IP addresses and usernames 521 sysop 9377 2005-08-19T23:35:41Z MediaWiki default $1, $2 blocked $3 ($4) 522 sysop 5768 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default block 523 sysop 5769 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default unblock 524 sysop 5770 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default contribs 525 sysop 9182 2005-07-29T11:07:09Z MediaWiki default Autoblocked because your IP address has been recently used by "[[User:$1|$1]]". The reason given for $1's block is: "'''$2'''" 526 sysop 10692 2006-07-01T19:06:43Z MediaWiki default Block log 527 sysop 8140 2005-07-03T13:40:57Z MediaWiki default blocked "[[$1]]" with an expiry time of $2 528 sysop 5774 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default This is a log of user blocking and unblocking actions. Automatically blocked IP addresses are not listed. See the [[Special:Ipblocklist|IP block list]] for the list of currently operational bans and blocks. 529 sysop 9239 2005-07-29T11:07:13Z MediaWiki default unblocked $1 530 sysop 5776 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Lock database 531 sysop 5777 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Unlock database 532 sysop 5778 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Locking the database will suspend the ability of all users to edit pages, change their preferences, edit their watchlists, and other things requiring changes in the database. Please confirm that this is what you intend to do, and that you will unlock the database when your maintenance is done. 533 sysop 5779 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Unlocking the database will restore the ability of all users to edit pages, change their preferences, edit their watchlists, and other things requiring changes in the database. Please confirm that this is what you intend to do. 534 sysop 5780 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Yes, I really want to lock the database. 535 sysop 5781 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Yes, I really want to unlock the database. 536 sysop 5782 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Lock database 537 sysop 5783 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Unlock database 538 sysop 5784 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default You did not check the confirmation box. 539 sysop 5785 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Database lock succeeded 540 sysop 5786 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Database lock removed 541 sysop 11169 2006-08-31T19:13:03Z MediaWiki default The database has been locked. <br />Remember to [[Special:Unlockdb|remove the lock]] after your maintenance is complete. 542 sysop 5788 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default The database has been unlocked. 543 sysop 5789 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default SQL query 544 sysop 5790 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Use the form below to make a direct query of the database. Use single quotes ('like this') to delimit string literals. This can often add considerable load to the server, so please use this function sparingly. 545 sysop 5791 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Please note that all queries are logged. 546 sysop 5792 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Enter query 547 sysop 5793 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Submit query 548 sysop 5794 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Only read-only queries are allowed. 549 sysop 5795 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Query successful 550 sysop 5796 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Move page 551 sysop 8485 2005-07-03T13:41:00Z MediaWiki default Using the form below will rename a page, moving all of its history to the new name. The old title will become a redirect page to the new title. Links to the old page title will not be changed; be sure to check for double or broken redirects. You are responsible for making sure that links continue to point where they are supposed to go. Note that the page will '''not''' be moved if there is already a page at the new title, unless it is empty or a redirect and has no past edit history. This means that you can rename a page back to where it was just renamed from if you make a mistake, and you cannot overwrite an existing page. <b>WARNING!</b> This can be a drastic and unexpected change for a popular page; please be sure you understand the consequences of this before proceeding. 552 sysop 10757 2006-07-01T19:06:44Z MediaWiki default The associated talk page will be automatically moved along with it '''unless:''' *A non-empty talk page already exists under the new name, or *You uncheck the box below. In those cases, you will have to move or merge the page manually if desired. 553 sysop 5799 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Move page 554 sysop 5800 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Not logged in 555 sysop 8484 2005-07-03T13:41:00Z MediaWiki default You must be a registered user and [[Special:Userlogin|logged in]] to move a page. 556 sysop 5802 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default To new title 557 sysop 5803 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Move page 558 sysop 5804 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Move succeeded 559 sysop 5805 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Page "[[$1]]" moved to "[[$2]]". 560 sysop 5806 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default A page of that name already exists, or the name you have chosen is not valid. Please choose another name. 561 sysop 10354 2006-03-28T06:31:18Z MediaWiki default '''The page itself was moved successfully, but the talk page could not be moved because one already exists at the new title. Please merge them manually.''' 562 sysop 5808 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default moved to 563 sysop 10334 2006-03-28T06:31:16Z MediaWiki default Move associated talk page 564 sysop 5810 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default The corresponding talk page was also moved. 565 sysop 5811 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default The corresponding talk page was <strong>not</strong> moved. 566 sysop 9664 2005-11-09T23:07:16Z MediaWiki default [[$1]] moved to [[$2]] 567 sysop 5813 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Export pages 568 sysop 10712 2006-07-01T19:06:43Z MediaWiki default You can export the text and editing history of a particular page or set of pages wrapped in some XML. This can be imported into another wiki using MediaWiki via the Special:Import page. To export pages, enter the titles in the text box below, one title per line, and select whether you want the current version as well as all old versions, with the page history lines, or just the current version with the info about the last edit. In the latter case you can also use a link, e.g. [[{{ns:Special}}:Export/{{int:mainpage}}]] for the page {{int:mainpage}}. 569 sysop 5815 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Include only the current revision, not the full history 570 sysop 9179 2005-07-29T11:07:09Z MediaWiki default System messages 571 sysop 10684 2006-07-01T19:06:43Z MediaWiki default This is a list of system messages available in the MediaWiki namespace. 572 sysop 5818 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Enlarge 573 5819 2004-02-22T03:43:21Z MediaWiki default This is a list of all messages available in the MediaWiki: namespace <table border=1 width=100%><tr><td> '''Name''' </td><td> '''Default text''' </td><td> '''Current text''' </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:1movedto2&action=edit 1movedto2] </td><td> $1 moved to $2 </td><td> {{MSGNW:1movedto2}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:About&action=edit about] </td><td> About </td><td> {{MSGNW:about}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Aboutpage&action=edit aboutpage] </td><td> Wikipedia:About </td><td> {{MSGNW:aboutpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Aboutwikipedia&action=edit aboutwikipedia] </td><td> About Wikipedia </td><td> {{MSGNW:aboutwikipedia}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accmailtext&action=edit accmailtext] </td><td> The Password for &#39;$1&#39; has been sent to $2. </td><td> {{MSGNW:accmailtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accmailtitle&action=edit accmailtitle] </td><td> Password sent. </td><td> {{MSGNW:accmailtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Actioncomplete&action=edit actioncomplete] </td><td> Action complete </td><td> {{MSGNW:actioncomplete}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Addedwatch&action=edit addedwatch] </td><td> Added to watchlist </td><td> {{MSGNW:addedwatch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Addedwatchtext&action=edit addedwatchtext] </td><td> The page &quot;$1&quot; has been added to your &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Special:Watchlist&quot;&gt;watchlist&lt;/a&gt;. Future changes to this page and its associated Talk page will be listed there, and the page will appear &lt;b&gt;bolded&lt;/b&gt; in the &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Special:Recentchanges&quot;&gt;list of recent changes&lt;/a&gt; to make it easier to pick out.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;If you want to remove the page from your watchlist later, click &quot;Stop watching&quot; in the sidebar. </td><td> {{MSGNW:addedwatchtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Administrators&action=edit administrators] </td><td> Wikipedia:Administrators </td><td> {{MSGNW:administrators}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Affirmation&action=edit affirmation] </td><td> I affirm that the copyright holder of this file agrees to license it under the terms of the $1. </td><td> {{MSGNW:affirmation}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:All&action=edit all] </td><td> all </td><td> {{MSGNW:all}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Allmessages&action=edit allmessages] </td><td> All_messages </td><td> {{MSGNW:allmessages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Allmessagestext&action=edit allmessagestext] </td><td> This is a list of all messages available in the MediaWiki: namespace </td><td> {{MSGNW:allmessagestext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Allpages&action=edit allpages] </td><td> All pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:allpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Alphaindexline&action=edit alphaindexline] </td><td> $1 to $2 </td><td> {{MSGNW:alphaindexline}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Alreadyloggedin&action=edit alreadyloggedin] </td><td> &lt;font color=red&gt;&lt;b&gt;User $1, you are already logged in!&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt; </td><td> {{MSGNW:alreadyloggedin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Alreadyrolled&action=edit alreadyrolled] </td><td> Cannot rollback last edit of &#91;&#91;$1]] by &#91;&#91;User:$2&#124;$2]] (&#91;&#91;User talk:$2&#124;Talk]]); someone else has edited or rolled back the article already. Last edit was by &#91;&#91;User:$3&#124;$3]] (&#91;&#91;User talk:$3&#124;Talk]]). </td><td> {{MSGNW:alreadyrolled}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ancientpages&action=edit ancientpages] </td><td> Oldest articles </td><td> {{MSGNW:ancientpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Anontalkpagetext&action=edit anontalkpagetext] </td><td> ---- &#39;&#39;This is the discussion page for an anonymous user who has not created an account yet or who does not use it. We therefore have to use the numerical &#91;&#91;IP address]] to identify him/her. Such an IP address can be shared by several users. If you are an anonymous user and feel that irrelevant comments have been directed at you, please &#91;&#91;Special:Userlogin&#124;create an account or log in]] to avoid future confusion with other anonymous users.&#39;&#39; </td><td> {{MSGNW:anontalkpagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Articleexists&action=edit articleexists] </td><td> A page of that name already exists, or the name you have chosen is not valid. Please choose another name. </td><td> {{MSGNW:articleexists}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Articlepage&action=edit articlepage] </td><td> View article </td><td> {{MSGNW:articlepage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Asksql&action=edit asksql] </td><td> SQL query </td><td> {{MSGNW:asksql}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Asksqltext&action=edit asksqltext] </td><td> Use the form below to make a direct query of the database. Use single quotes (&#39;like this&#39;) to delimit string literals. This can often add considerable load to the server, so please use this function sparingly. </td><td> {{MSGNW:asksqltext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Autoblocker&action=edit autoblocker] </td><td> Autoblocked because you share an IP address with &quot;$1&quot;. Reason &quot;$2&quot;. </td><td> {{MSGNW:autoblocker}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badarticleerror&action=edit badarticleerror] </td><td> This action cannot be performed on this page. </td><td> {{MSGNW:badarticleerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badfilename&action=edit badfilename] </td><td> Image name has been changed to &quot;$1&quot;. </td><td> {{MSGNW:badfilename}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badfiletype&action=edit badfiletype] </td><td> &quot;.$1&quot; is not a recommended image file format. </td><td> {{MSGNW:badfiletype}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badipaddress&action=edit badipaddress] </td><td> No user exists by that name </td><td> {{MSGNW:badipaddress}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badquery&action=edit badquery] </td><td> Badly formed search query </td><td> {{MSGNW:badquery}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badquerytext&action=edit badquerytext] </td><td> We could not process your query. This is probably because you have attempted to search for a word fewer than three letters long, which is not yet supported. It could also be that you have mistyped the expression, for example &quot;fish and and scales&quot;. Please try another query. </td><td> {{MSGNW:badquerytext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badretype&action=edit badretype] </td><td> The passwords you entered do not match. </td><td> {{MSGNW:badretype}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badtitle&action=edit badtitle] </td><td> Bad title </td><td> {{MSGNW:badtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badtitletext&action=edit badtitletext] </td><td> The requested page title was invalid, empty, or an incorrectly linked inter-language or inter-wiki title. </td><td> {{MSGNW:badtitletext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blanknamespace&action=edit blanknamespace] </td><td> (Main) </td><td> {{MSGNW:blanknamespace}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockedtext&action=edit blockedtext] </td><td> Your user name or IP address has been blocked by $1. The reason given is this:&lt;br&gt;&#39;&#39;$2&#39;&#39;&lt;p&gt;You may contact $1 or one of the other &#91;&#91;Wikipedia:Administrators&#124;administrators]] to discuss the block. Note that you may not use the &quot;email this user&quot; feature unless you have a valid email address registered in your &#91;&#91;Special:Preferences&#124;user preferences]]. Your IP address is $3. Please include this address in any queries you make. &#61;=Note to AOL users== Due to continuing acts of vandalism by one particular AOL user, Wikipedia often blocks AOL proxies. Unfortunately, a single proxy server may be used by a large number of AOL users, and hence innocent AOL users are often inadvertently blocked. We apologise for any inconvenience caused. If this happens to you, please email an administrator, using an AOL email address. Be sure to include the IP address given above. </td><td> {{MSGNW:blockedtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockedtitle&action=edit blockedtitle] </td><td> User is blocked </td><td> {{MSGNW:blockedtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockip&action=edit blockip] </td><td> Block user </td><td> {{MSGNW:blockip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockipsuccesssub&action=edit blockipsuccesssub] </td><td> Block succeeded </td><td> {{MSGNW:blockipsuccesssub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockipsuccesstext&action=edit blockipsuccesstext] </td><td> &quot;$1&quot; has been blocked. &lt;br&gt;See &#91;&#91;Special:Ipblocklist&#124;IP block list]] to review blocks. </td><td> {{MSGNW:blockipsuccesstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockiptext&action=edit blockiptext] </td><td> Use the form below to block write access from a specific IP address or username. This should be done only only to prevent vandalism, and in accordance with &#91;&#91;Wikipedia:Policy&#124;policy]]. Fill in a specific reason below (for example, citing particular pages that were vandalized). </td><td> {{MSGNW:blockiptext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklink&action=edit blocklink] </td><td> block </td><td> {{MSGNW:blocklink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklistline&action=edit blocklistline] </td><td> $1, $2 blocked $3 </td><td> {{MSGNW:blocklistline}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklogentry&action=edit blocklogentry] </td><td> blocked &quot;$1&quot; </td><td> {{MSGNW:blocklogentry}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklogpage&action=edit blocklogpage] </td><td> Block_log </td><td> {{MSGNW:blocklogpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklogtext&action=edit blocklogtext] </td><td> This is a log of user blocking and unblocking actions. Automatically blocked IP addresses are not be listed. See the &#91;&#91;Special:Ipblocklist&#124;IP block list]] for the list of currently operational bans and blocks. </td><td> {{MSGNW:blocklogtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bold_sample&action=edit bold_sample] </td><td> Bold text </td><td> {{MSGNW:bold_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bold_tip&action=edit bold_tip] </td><td> Bold text </td><td> {{MSGNW:bold_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Booksources&action=edit booksources] </td><td> Book sources </td><td> {{MSGNW:booksources}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Booksourcetext&action=edit booksourcetext] </td><td> Below is a list of links to other sites that sell new and used books, and may also have further information about books you are looking for. Wikipedia is not affiliated with any of these businesses, and this list should not be construed as an endorsement. </td><td> {{MSGNW:booksourcetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Brokenredirects&action=edit brokenredirects] </td><td> Broken Redirects </td><td> {{MSGNW:brokenredirects}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Brokenredirectstext&action=edit brokenredirectstext] </td><td> The following redirects link to a non-existing article. </td><td> {{MSGNW:brokenredirectstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bugreports&action=edit bugreports] </td><td> Bug reports </td><td> {{MSGNW:bugreports}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bugreportspage&action=edit bugreportspage] </td><td> Wikipedia:Bug_reports </td><td> {{MSGNW:bugreportspage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bureaucratlog&action=edit bureaucratlog] </td><td> Bureaucrat_log </td><td> {{MSGNW:bureaucratlog}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bureaucratlogentry&action=edit bureaucratlogentry] </td><td> set $1: $2 </td><td> {{MSGNW:bureaucratlogentry}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bureaucrattext&action=edit bureaucrattext] </td><td> The action you have requested can only be performed by sysops with &quot;bureaucrat&quot; status. </td><td> {{MSGNW:bureaucrattext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bureaucrattitle&action=edit bureaucrattitle] </td><td> Bureaucrat access required </td><td> {{MSGNW:bureaucrattitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bydate&action=edit bydate] </td><td> by date </td><td> {{MSGNW:bydate}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Byname&action=edit byname] </td><td> by name </td><td> {{MSGNW:byname}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bysize&action=edit bysize] </td><td> by size </td><td> {{MSGNW:bysize}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cachederror&action=edit cachederror] </td><td> The following is a cached copy of the requested page, and may not be up to date. </td><td> {{MSGNW:cachederror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cancel&action=edit cancel] </td><td> Cancel </td><td> {{MSGNW:cancel}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cannotdelete&action=edit cannotdelete] </td><td> Could not delete the page or image specified. (It may have already been deleted by someone else.) </td><td> {{MSGNW:cannotdelete}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cantrollback&action=edit cantrollback] </td><td> Cannot revert edit; last contributor is only author of this article. </td><td> {{MSGNW:cantrollback}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Categories&action=edit categories] </td><td> Page categories </td><td> {{MSGNW:categories}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Category&action=edit category] </td><td> category </td><td> {{MSGNW:category}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Category_header&action=edit category_header] </td><td> Articles in category &quot;$1&quot; </td><td> {{MSGNW:category_header}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Changepassword&action=edit changepassword] </td><td> Change password </td><td> {{MSGNW:changepassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Changes&action=edit changes] </td><td> changes </td><td> {{MSGNW:changes}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Columns&action=edit columns] </td><td> Columns </td><td> {{MSGNW:columns}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Commentedit&action=edit commentedit] </td><td> (comment) </td><td> {{MSGNW:commentedit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirm&action=edit confirm] </td><td> Confirm </td><td> {{MSGNW:confirm}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmcheck&action=edit confirmcheck] </td><td> Yes, I really want to delete this. </td><td> {{MSGNW:confirmcheck}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmdelete&action=edit confirmdelete] </td><td> Confirm delete </td><td> {{MSGNW:confirmdelete}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmdeletetext&action=edit confirmdeletetext] </td><td> You are about to permanently delete a page or image along with all of its history from the database. Please confirm that you intend to do this, that you understand the consequences, and that you are doing this in accordance with &#91;&#91;Wikipedia:Policy]]. </td><td> {{MSGNW:confirmdeletetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contextchars&action=edit contextchars] </td><td> Characters of context per line </td><td> {{MSGNW:contextchars}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contextlines&action=edit contextlines] </td><td> Lines to show per hit </td><td> {{MSGNW:contextlines}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contribslink&action=edit contribslink] </td><td> contribs </td><td> {{MSGNW:contribslink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contribsub&action=edit contribsub] </td><td> For $1 </td><td> {{MSGNW:contribsub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contributions&action=edit contributions] </td><td> User contributions </td><td> {{MSGNW:contributions}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Copyrightpage&action=edit copyrightpage] </td><td> Wikipedia:Copyrights </td><td> {{MSGNW:copyrightpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Copyrightpagename&action=edit copyrightpagename] </td><td> Wikipedia copyright </td><td> {{MSGNW:copyrightpagename}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Copyrightwarning&action=edit copyrightwarning] </td><td> Please note that all contributions to Wikipedia are considered to be released under the GNU Free Documentation License (see $1 for details). If you don&#39;t want your writing to be edited mercilessly and redistributed at will, then don&#39;t submit it here.&lt;br&gt; You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource. &lt;strong&gt;DO NOT SUBMIT COPYRIGHTED WORK WITHOUT PERMISSION!&lt;/strong&gt; </td><td> {{MSGNW:copyrightwarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Couldntremove&action=edit couldntremove] </td><td> Couldn&#39;t remove item &#39;$1&#39;... </td><td> {{MSGNW:couldntremove}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Createaccount&action=edit createaccount] </td><td> Create new account </td><td> {{MSGNW:createaccount}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Createaccountmail&action=edit createaccountmail] </td><td> by eMail </td><td> {{MSGNW:createaccountmail}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cur&action=edit cur] </td><td> cur </td><td> {{MSGNW:cur}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Currentevents&action=edit currentevents] </td><td> Current events </td><td> {{MSGNW:currentevents}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Currentrev&action=edit currentrev] </td><td> Current revision </td><td> {{MSGNW:currentrev}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Databaseerror&action=edit databaseerror] </td><td> Database error </td><td> {{MSGNW:databaseerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dateformat&action=edit dateformat] </td><td> Date format </td><td> {{MSGNW:dateformat}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dberrortext&action=edit dberrortext] </td><td> A database query syntax error has occurred. This could be because of an illegal search query (see $5), or it may indicate a bug in the software. The last attempted database query was: &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;tt&gt;$1&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt; from within function &quot;&lt;tt&gt;$2&lt;/tt&gt;&quot;. MySQL returned error &quot;&lt;tt&gt;$3: $4&lt;/tt&gt;&quot;. </td><td> {{MSGNW:dberrortext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dberrortextcl&action=edit dberrortextcl] </td><td> A database query syntax error has occurred. The last attempted database query was: &quot;$1&quot; from within function &quot;$2&quot;. MySQL returned error &quot;$3: $4&quot;. </td><td> {{MSGNW:dberrortextcl}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deadendpages&action=edit deadendpages] </td><td> Dead-end pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:deadendpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Debug&action=edit debug] </td><td> Debug </td><td> {{MSGNW:debug}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Defaultns&action=edit defaultns] </td><td> Search in these namespaces by default: </td><td> {{MSGNW:defaultns}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Defemailsubject&action=edit defemailsubject] </td><td> Wikipedia e-mail </td><td> {{MSGNW:defemailsubject}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletecomment&action=edit deletecomment] </td><td> Reason for deletion </td><td> {{MSGNW:deletecomment}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletedarticle&action=edit deletedarticle] </td><td> deleted &quot;$1&quot; </td><td> {{MSGNW:deletedarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletedtext&action=edit deletedtext] </td><td> &quot;$1&quot; has been deleted. See $2 for a record of recent deletions. </td><td> {{MSGNW:deletedtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deleteimg&action=edit deleteimg] </td><td> del </td><td> {{MSGNW:deleteimg}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletepage&action=edit deletepage] </td><td> Delete page </td><td> {{MSGNW:deletepage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletesub&action=edit deletesub] </td><td> (Deleting &quot;$1&quot;) </td><td> {{MSGNW:deletesub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletethispage&action=edit deletethispage] </td><td> Delete this page </td><td> {{MSGNW:deletethispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletionlog&action=edit deletionlog] </td><td> deletion log </td><td> {{MSGNW:deletionlog}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dellogpage&action=edit dellogpage] </td><td> Deletion_log </td><td> {{MSGNW:dellogpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dellogpagetext&action=edit dellogpagetext] </td><td> Below is a list of the most recent deletions. All times shown are server time (UTC). &lt;ul&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; </td><td> {{MSGNW:dellogpagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Developerspheading&action=edit developerspheading] </td><td> For developer use only </td><td> {{MSGNW:developerspheading}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Developertext&action=edit developertext] </td><td> The action you have requested can only be performed by users with &quot;developer&quot; status. See $1. </td><td> {{MSGNW:developertext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Developertitle&action=edit developertitle] </td><td> Developer access required </td><td> {{MSGNW:developertitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Diff&action=edit diff] </td><td> diff </td><td> {{MSGNW:diff}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Difference&action=edit difference] </td><td> (Difference between revisions) </td><td> {{MSGNW:difference}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disambiguations&action=edit disambiguations] </td><td> Disambiguation pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:disambiguations}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disambiguationspage&action=edit disambiguationspage] </td><td> Wikipedia:Links_to_disambiguating_pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:disambiguationspage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disambiguationstext&action=edit disambiguationstext] </td><td> The following articles link to a &lt;i&gt;disambiguation page&lt;/i&gt;. They should link to the appropriate topic instead.&lt;br&gt;A page is treated as dismbiguation if it is linked from $1.&lt;br&gt;Links from other namespaces are &lt;i&gt;not&lt;/i&gt; listed here. </td><td> {{MSGNW:disambiguationstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disclaimerpage&action=edit disclaimerpage] </td><td> Wikipedia:General_disclaimer </td><td> {{MSGNW:disclaimerpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disclaimers&action=edit disclaimers] </td><td> Disclaimers </td><td> {{MSGNW:disclaimers}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Doubleredirects&action=edit doubleredirects] </td><td> Double Redirects </td><td> {{MSGNW:doubleredirects}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Doubleredirectstext&action=edit doubleredirectstext] </td><td> &lt;b&gt;Attention:&lt;/b&gt; This list may contain false positives. That usually means there is additional text with links below the first #REDIRECT.&lt;br&gt; Each row contains links to the first and second redirect, as well as the first line of the second redirect text, usually giving the &quot;real&quot; taget article, which the first redirect should point to. </td><td> {{MSGNW:doubleredirectstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editcomment&action=edit editcomment] </td><td> The edit comment was: &quot;&lt;i&gt;$1&lt;/i&gt;&quot;. </td><td> {{MSGNW:editcomment}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editconflict&action=edit editconflict] </td><td> Edit conflict: $1 </td><td> {{MSGNW:editconflict}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editcurrent&action=edit editcurrent] </td><td> Edit the current version of this page </td><td> {{MSGNW:editcurrent}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Edithelp&action=edit edithelp] </td><td> Editing help </td><td> {{MSGNW:edithelp}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Edithelppage&action=edit edithelppage] </td><td> Wikipedia:How_does_one_edit_a_page </td><td> {{MSGNW:edithelppage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editing&action=edit editing] </td><td> Editing $1 </td><td> {{MSGNW:editing}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editingold&action=edit editingold] </td><td> &lt;strong&gt;WARNING: You are editing an out-of-date revision of this page. If you save it, any changes made since this revision will be lost.&lt;/strong&gt; </td><td> {{MSGNW:editingold}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editsection&action=edit editsection] </td><td> edit </td><td> {{MSGNW:editsection}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editthispage&action=edit editthispage] </td><td> Edit this page </td><td> {{MSGNW:editthispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailflag&action=edit emailflag] </td><td> Disable e-mail from other users </td><td> {{MSGNW:emailflag}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailforlost&action=edit emailforlost] </td><td> * Entering an email address is optional. But it enables people to contact you through the website without you having to reveal your email address to them, and it also helps you if you forget your password. </td><td> {{MSGNW:emailforlost}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailfrom&action=edit emailfrom] </td><td> From </td><td> {{MSGNW:emailfrom}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailmessage&action=edit emailmessage] </td><td> Message </td><td> {{MSGNW:emailmessage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailpage&action=edit emailpage] </td><td> E-mail user </td><td> {{MSGNW:emailpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailpagetext&action=edit emailpagetext] </td><td> If this user has entered a valid e-mail address in his or her user preferences, the form below will send a single message. The e-mail address you entered in your user preferences will appear as the &quot;From&quot; address of the mail, so the recipient will be able to reply. </td><td> {{MSGNW:emailpagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailsend&action=edit emailsend] </td><td> Send </td><td> {{MSGNW:emailsend}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailsent&action=edit emailsent] </td><td> E-mail sent </td><td> {{MSGNW:emailsent}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailsenttext&action=edit emailsenttext] </td><td> Your e-mail message has been sent. </td><td> {{MSGNW:emailsenttext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailsubject&action=edit emailsubject] </td><td> Subject </td><td> {{MSGNW:emailsubject}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailto&action=edit emailto] </td><td> To </td><td> {{MSGNW:emailto}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailuser&action=edit emailuser] </td><td> E-mail this user </td><td> {{MSGNW:emailuser}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Enterlockreason&action=edit enterlockreason] </td><td> Enter a reason for the lock, including an estimate of when the lock will be released </td><td> {{MSGNW:enterlockreason}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Error&action=edit error] </td><td> Error </td><td> {{MSGNW:error}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Errorpagetitle&action=edit errorpagetitle] </td><td> Error </td><td> {{MSGNW:errorpagetitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Exbeforeblank&action=edit exbeforeblank] </td><td> content before blanking was: </td><td> {{MSGNW:exbeforeblank}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Exblank&action=edit exblank] </td><td> page was empty </td><td> {{MSGNW:exblank}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Excontent&action=edit excontent] </td><td> content was: </td><td> {{MSGNW:excontent}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Explainconflict&action=edit explainconflict] </td><td> Someone else has changed this page since you started editing it. The upper text area contains the page text as it currently exists. Your changes are shown in the lower text area. You will have to merge your changes into the existing text. &lt;b&gt;Only&lt;/b&gt; the text in the upper text area will be saved when you press &quot;Save page&quot;. &lt;p&gt; </td><td> {{MSGNW:explainconflict}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Export&action=edit export] </td><td> Export pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:export}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Exportcuronly&action=edit exportcuronly] </td><td> Include only the current revision, not the full history </td><td> {{MSGNW:exportcuronly}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Exporttext&action=edit exporttext] </td><td> You can export the text and editing history of a particular page or set of pages wrapped in some XML; this can then be imported into another wiki running MediaWiki software, transformed, or just kept for your private amusement. </td><td> {{MSGNW:exporttext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Extlink_sample&action=edit extlink_sample] </td><td> http&#58;//www.example.com link title </td><td> {{MSGNW:extlink_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Extlink_tip&action=edit extlink_tip] </td><td> External link (remember http&#58;// prefix) </td><td> {{MSGNW:extlink_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Faq&action=edit faq] </td><td> FAQ </td><td> {{MSGNW:faq}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Faqpage&action=edit faqpage] </td><td> Wikipedia:FAQ </td><td> {{MSGNW:faqpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filecopyerror&action=edit filecopyerror] </td><td> Could not copy file &quot;$1&quot; to &quot;$2&quot;. </td><td> {{MSGNW:filecopyerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filedeleteerror&action=edit filedeleteerror] </td><td> Could not delete file &quot;$1&quot;. </td><td> {{MSGNW:filedeleteerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filedesc&action=edit filedesc] </td><td> Summary </td><td> {{MSGNW:filedesc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filename&action=edit filename] </td><td> Filename </td><td> {{MSGNW:filename}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filenotfound&action=edit filenotfound] </td><td> Could not find file &quot;$1&quot;. </td><td> {{MSGNW:filenotfound}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filerenameerror&action=edit filerenameerror] </td><td> Could not rename file &quot;$1&quot; to &quot;$2&quot;. </td><td> {{MSGNW:filerenameerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filesource&action=edit filesource] </td><td> Source </td><td> {{MSGNW:filesource}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filestatus&action=edit filestatus] </td><td> Copyright status </td><td> {{MSGNW:filestatus}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Fileuploaded&action=edit fileuploaded] </td><td> File &quot;$1&quot; uploaded successfully. Please follow this link: ($2) to the description page and fill in information about the file, such as where it came from, when it was created and by whom, and anything else you may know about it. </td><td> {{MSGNW:fileuploaded}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Formerror&action=edit formerror] </td><td> Error: could not submit form </td><td> {{MSGNW:formerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Fromwikipedia&action=edit fromwikipedia] </td><td> From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. </td><td> {{MSGNW:fromwikipedia}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Getimagelist&action=edit getimagelist] </td><td> fetching image list </td><td> {{MSGNW:getimagelist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Gnunote&action=edit gnunote] </td><td> All text is available under the terms of the &lt;a class=internal href=&#39;/wiki/GNU_FDL&#39;&gt;GNU Free Documentation License&lt;/a&gt;. </td><td> {{MSGNW:gnunote}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Go&action=edit go] </td><td> Go </td><td> {{MSGNW:go}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Googlesearch&action=edit googlesearch] </td><td> &lt;!-- SiteSearch Google --&gt; &lt;FORM method=GET action=&quot;http&#58;//www.google.com/search&quot;&gt; &lt;TABLE bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFFF&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;A HREF=&quot;http&#58;//www.google.com/&quot;&gt; &lt;IMG SRC=&quot;http&#58;//www.google.com/logos/Logo_40wht.gif&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; ALT=&quot;Google&quot;&gt;&lt;/A&gt; &lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt; &lt;INPUT TYPE=text name=q size=31 maxlength=255 value=&quot;$1&quot;&gt; &lt;INPUT type=submit name=btnG VALUE=&quot;Google Search&quot;&gt; &lt;font size=-1&gt; &lt;input type=hidden name=domains value=&quot;http&#58;//sa.wikipedia.org&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;input type=radio name=sitesearch value=&quot;&quot;&gt; WWW &lt;input type=radio name=sitesearch value=&quot;http&#58;//sa.wikipedia.org&quot; checked&gt; http&#58;//sa.wikipedia.org &lt;br&gt; &lt;input type=&#39;hidden&#39; name=&#39;ie&#39; value=&#39;$2&#39;&gt; &lt;input type=&#39;hidden&#39; name=&#39;oe&#39; value=&#39;$2&#39;&gt; &lt;/font&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/TABLE&gt; &lt;/FORM&gt; &lt;!-- SiteSearch Google --&gt; </td><td> {{MSGNW:googlesearch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Guesstimezone&action=edit guesstimezone] </td><td> Fill in from browser </td><td> {{MSGNW:guesstimezone}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Headline_sample&action=edit headline_sample] </td><td> Headline text </td><td> {{MSGNW:headline_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Headline_tip&action=edit headline_tip] </td><td> Level 2 headline </td><td> {{MSGNW:headline_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Help&action=edit help] </td><td> Help </td><td> {{MSGNW:help}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Helppage&action=edit helppage] </td><td> Wikipedia:Help </td><td> {{MSGNW:helppage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Hide&action=edit hide] </td><td> hide </td><td> {{MSGNW:hide}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Hidetoc&action=edit hidetoc] </td><td> hide </td><td> {{MSGNW:hidetoc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Hist&action=edit hist] </td><td> hist </td><td> {{MSGNW:hist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Histlegend&action=edit histlegend] </td><td> Legend: (cur) = difference with current version, (last) = difference with preceding version, M = minor edit </td><td> {{MSGNW:histlegend}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:History&action=edit history] </td><td> Page history </td><td> {{MSGNW:history}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Historywarning&action=edit historywarning] </td><td> Warning: The page you are about to delete has a history: </td><td> {{MSGNW:historywarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Hr_tip&action=edit hr_tip] </td><td> Horizontal line (use sparingly) </td><td> {{MSGNW:hr_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ignorewarning&action=edit ignorewarning] </td><td> Ignore warning and save file anyway. </td><td> {{MSGNW:ignorewarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ilshowmatch&action=edit ilshowmatch] </td><td> Show all images with names matching </td><td> {{MSGNW:ilshowmatch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ilsubmit&action=edit ilsubmit] </td><td> Search </td><td> {{MSGNW:ilsubmit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Image_sample&action=edit image_sample] </td><td> Example.jpg </td><td> {{MSGNW:image_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Image_tip&action=edit image_tip] </td><td> Embedded image </td><td> {{MSGNW:image_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagelinks&action=edit imagelinks] </td><td> Image links </td><td> {{MSGNW:imagelinks}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagelist&action=edit imagelist] </td><td> Image list </td><td> {{MSGNW:imagelist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagelisttext&action=edit imagelisttext] </td><td> Below is a list of $1 images sorted $2. </td><td> {{MSGNW:imagelisttext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagepage&action=edit imagepage] </td><td> View image page </td><td> {{MSGNW:imagepage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagereverted&action=edit imagereverted] </td><td> Revert to earlier version was successful. </td><td> {{MSGNW:imagereverted}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imgdelete&action=edit imgdelete] </td><td> del </td><td> {{MSGNW:imgdelete}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imgdesc&action=edit imgdesc] </td><td> desc </td><td> {{MSGNW:imgdesc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imghistlegend&action=edit imghistlegend] </td><td> Legend: (cur) = this is the current image, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. &lt;br&gt;&lt;i&gt;Click on date to see image uploaded on that date&lt;/i&gt;. </td><td> {{MSGNW:imghistlegend}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imghistory&action=edit imghistory] </td><td> Image history </td><td> {{MSGNW:imghistory}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imglegend&action=edit imglegend] </td><td> Legend: (desc) = show/edit image description. </td><td> {{MSGNW:imglegend}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Infobox&action=edit infobox] </td><td> Click a button to get an example text </td><td> {{MSGNW:infobox}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Internalerror&action=edit internalerror] </td><td> Internal error </td><td> {{MSGNW:internalerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Intl&action=edit intl] </td><td> Interlanguage links </td><td> {{MSGNW:intl}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ip_range_invalid&action=edit ip_range_invalid] </td><td> Invalid IP range. </td><td> {{MSGNW:ip_range_invalid}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipaddress&action=edit ipaddress] </td><td> IP Address/username </td><td> {{MSGNW:ipaddress}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipb_expiry_invalid&action=edit ipb_expiry_invalid] </td><td> Expiry time invalid. </td><td> {{MSGNW:ipb_expiry_invalid}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipbexpiry&action=edit ipbexpiry] </td><td> Expiry </td><td> {{MSGNW:ipbexpiry}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipblocklist&action=edit ipblocklist] </td><td> List of blocked IP addresses and usernames </td><td> {{MSGNW:ipblocklist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipbreason&action=edit ipbreason] </td><td> Reason </td><td> {{MSGNW:ipbreason}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipbsubmit&action=edit ipbsubmit] </td><td> Block this user </td><td> {{MSGNW:ipbsubmit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipusubmit&action=edit ipusubmit] </td><td> Unblock this address </td><td> {{MSGNW:ipusubmit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipusuccess&action=edit ipusuccess] </td><td> &quot;$1&quot; unblocked </td><td> {{MSGNW:ipusuccess}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Isredirect&action=edit isredirect] </td><td> redirect page </td><td> {{MSGNW:isredirect}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Italic_sample&action=edit italic_sample] </td><td> Italic text </td><td> {{MSGNW:italic_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Italic_tip&action=edit italic_tip] </td><td> Italic text </td><td> {{MSGNW:italic_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Iteminvalidname&action=edit iteminvalidname] </td><td> Problem with item &#39;$1&#39;, invalid name... </td><td> {{MSGNW:iteminvalidname}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Largefile&action=edit largefile] </td><td> It is recommended that images not exceed 100k in size. </td><td> {{MSGNW:largefile}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Last&action=edit last] </td><td> last </td><td> {{MSGNW:last}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lastmodified&action=edit lastmodified] </td><td> This page was last modified $1. </td><td> {{MSGNW:lastmodified}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lineno&action=edit lineno] </td><td> Line $1: </td><td> {{MSGNW:lineno}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Link_sample&action=edit link_sample] </td><td> Link title </td><td> {{MSGNW:link_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Link_tip&action=edit link_tip] </td><td> Internal link </td><td> {{MSGNW:link_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Linklistsub&action=edit linklistsub] </td><td> (List of links) </td><td> {{MSGNW:linklistsub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Linkshere&action=edit linkshere] </td><td> The following pages link to here: </td><td> {{MSGNW:linkshere}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Linkstoimage&action=edit linkstoimage] </td><td> The following pages link to this image: </td><td> {{MSGNW:linkstoimage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Linktrail&action=edit linktrail] </td><td> /^(&#91;a-z]+)(.*)$/sD </td><td> {{MSGNW:linktrail}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Listform&action=edit listform] </td><td> list </td><td> {{MSGNW:listform}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Listusers&action=edit listusers] </td><td> User list </td><td> {{MSGNW:listusers}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loadhist&action=edit loadhist] </td><td> Loading page history </td><td> {{MSGNW:loadhist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loadingrev&action=edit loadingrev] </td><td> loading revision for diff </td><td> {{MSGNW:loadingrev}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Localtime&action=edit localtime] </td><td> Local time display </td><td> {{MSGNW:localtime}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockbtn&action=edit lockbtn] </td><td> Lock database </td><td> {{MSGNW:lockbtn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockconfirm&action=edit lockconfirm] </td><td> Yes, I really want to lock the database. </td><td> {{MSGNW:lockconfirm}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockdb&action=edit lockdb] </td><td> Lock database </td><td> {{MSGNW:lockdb}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockdbsuccesssub&action=edit lockdbsuccesssub] </td><td> Database lock succeeded </td><td> {{MSGNW:lockdbsuccesssub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockdbsuccesstext&action=edit lockdbsuccesstext] </td><td> The database has been locked. &lt;br&gt;Remember to remove the lock after your maintenance is complete. </td><td> {{MSGNW:lockdbsuccesstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockdbtext&action=edit lockdbtext] </td><td> Locking the database will suspend the ability of all users to edit pages, change their preferences, edit their watchlists, and other things requiring changes in the database. Please confirm that this is what you intend to do, and that you will unlock the database when your maintenance is done. </td><td> {{MSGNW:lockdbtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Locknoconfirm&action=edit locknoconfirm] </td><td> You did not check the confirmation box. </td><td> {{MSGNW:locknoconfirm}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Login&action=edit login] </td><td> Log in </td><td> {{MSGNW:login}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginend&action=edit loginend] </td><td> &amp;lt;loginend&amp;gt; </td><td> {{MSGNW:loginend}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginerror&action=edit loginerror] </td><td> Login error </td><td> {{MSGNW:loginerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginpagetitle&action=edit loginpagetitle] </td><td> User login </td><td> {{MSGNW:loginpagetitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginproblem&action=edit loginproblem] </td><td> &lt;b&gt;There has been a problem with your login.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;Try again! </td><td> {{MSGNW:loginproblem}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginprompt&action=edit loginprompt] </td><td> You must have cookies enabled to log in to Wikipedia. </td><td> {{MSGNW:loginprompt}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginsuccess&action=edit loginsuccess] </td><td> You are now logged in to Wikipedia as &quot;$1&quot;. </td><td> {{MSGNW:loginsuccess}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginsuccesstitle&action=edit loginsuccesstitle] </td><td> Login successful </td><td> {{MSGNW:loginsuccesstitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Logout&action=edit logout] </td><td> Log out </td><td> {{MSGNW:logout}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Logouttext&action=edit logouttext] </td><td> You are now logged out. You can continue to use Wikipedia anonymously, or you can log in again as the same or as a different user. Note that some pages may continue to be displayed as if you were still logged in, until you clear your browser cache </td><td> {{MSGNW:logouttext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Logouttitle&action=edit logouttitle] </td><td> User logout </td><td> {{MSGNW:logouttitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lonelypages&action=edit lonelypages] </td><td> Orphaned pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:lonelypages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Longpages&action=edit longpages] </td><td> Long pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:longpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Longpagewarning&action=edit longpagewarning] </td><td> WARNING: This page is $1 kilobytes long; some browsers may have problems editing pages approaching or longer than 32kb. Please consider breaking the page into smaller sections. </td><td> {{MSGNW:longpagewarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mailmypassword&action=edit mailmypassword] </td><td> Mail me a new password </td><td> {{MSGNW:mailmypassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mailnologin&action=edit mailnologin] </td><td> No send address </td><td> {{MSGNW:mailnologin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mailnologintext&action=edit mailnologintext] </td><td> You must be &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Special:Userlogin&quot;&gt;logged in&lt;/a&gt; and have a valid e-mail address in your &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Special:Preferences&quot;&gt;preferences&lt;/a&gt; to send e-mail to other users. </td><td> {{MSGNW:mailnologintext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mainpage&action=edit mainpage] </td><td> Main Page </td><td> {{MSGNW:mainpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mainpagetext&action=edit mainpagetext] </td><td> Wiki software successfully installed. </td><td> {{MSGNW:mainpagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Maintenance&action=edit maintenance] </td><td> Maintenance page </td><td> {{MSGNW:maintenance}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Maintenancebacklink&action=edit maintenancebacklink] </td><td> Back to Maintenance Page </td><td> {{MSGNW:maintenancebacklink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Maintnancepagetext&action=edit maintnancepagetext] </td><td> This page includes several handy tools for everyday maintenance. Some of these functions tend to stress the database, so please do not hit reload after every item you fixed ;-) </td><td> {{MSGNW:maintnancepagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysopfail&action=edit makesysopfail] </td><td> &lt;b&gt;User &#39;$1&#39; could not be made into a sysop. (Did you enter the name correctly?)&lt;/b&gt; </td><td> {{MSGNW:makesysopfail}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysopname&action=edit makesysopname] </td><td> Name of the user: </td><td> {{MSGNW:makesysopname}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysopok&action=edit makesysopok] </td><td> &lt;b&gt;User &#39;$1&#39; is now a sysop&lt;/b&gt; </td><td> {{MSGNW:makesysopok}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysopsubmit&action=edit makesysopsubmit] </td><td> Make this user into a sysop </td><td> {{MSGNW:makesysopsubmit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysoptext&action=edit makesysoptext] </td><td> This form is used by bureaucrats to turn ordinary users into administrators. Type the name of the user in the box and press the button to make the user an administrator </td><td> {{MSGNW:makesysoptext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysoptitle&action=edit makesysoptitle] </td><td> Make a user into a sysop </td><td> {{MSGNW:makesysoptitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Matchtotals&action=edit matchtotals] </td><td> The query &quot;$1&quot; matched $2 article titles and the text of $3 articles. </td><td> {{MSGNW:matchtotals}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math&action=edit math] </td><td> Rendering math </td><td> {{MSGNW:math}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_failure&action=edit math_failure] </td><td> Failed to parse </td><td> {{MSGNW:math_failure}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_image_error&action=edit math_image_error] </td><td> PNG conversion failed </td><td> {{MSGNW:math_image_error}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_lexing_error&action=edit math_lexing_error] </td><td> lexing error </td><td> {{MSGNW:math_lexing_error}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_sample&action=edit math_sample] </td><td> Insert formula here </td><td> {{MSGNW:math_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_syntax_error&action=edit math_syntax_error] </td><td> syntax error </td><td> {{MSGNW:math_syntax_error}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_tip&action=edit math_tip] </td><td> Mathematical formula (LaTeX) </td><td> {{MSGNW:math_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_unknown_error&action=edit math_unknown_error] </td><td> unknown error </td><td> {{MSGNW:math_unknown_error}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_unknown_function&action=edit math_unknown_function] </td><td> unknown function </td><td> {{MSGNW:math_unknown_function}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Media_sample&action=edit media_sample] </td><td> Example.mp3 </td><td> {{MSGNW:media_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Media_tip&action=edit media_tip] </td><td> Media file link </td><td> {{MSGNW:media_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Minlength&action=edit minlength] </td><td> Image names must be at least three letters. </td><td> {{MSGNW:minlength}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Minoredit&action=edit minoredit] </td><td> This is a minor edit </td><td> {{MSGNW:minoredit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Minoreditletter&action=edit minoreditletter] </td><td> M </td><td> {{MSGNW:minoreditletter}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mispeelings&action=edit mispeelings] </td><td> Pages with misspellings </td><td> {{MSGNW:mispeelings}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mispeelingspage&action=edit mispeelingspage] </td><td> List of common misspellings </td><td> {{MSGNW:mispeelingspage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mispeelingstext&action=edit mispeelingstext] </td><td> The following pages contain a common misspelling, which are listed on $1. The correct spelling might be given (like this). </td><td> {{MSGNW:mispeelingstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Missingarticle&action=edit missingarticle] </td><td> The database did not find the text of a page that it should have found, named &quot;$1&quot;. &lt;p&gt;This is usually caused by following an outdated diff or history link to a page that has been deleted. &lt;p&gt;If this is not the case, you may have found a bug in the software. Please report this to an administrator, making note of the URL. </td><td> {{MSGNW:missingarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Missinglanguagelinks&action=edit missinglanguagelinks] </td><td> Missing Language Links </td><td> {{MSGNW:missinglanguagelinks}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Missinglanguagelinksbutton&action=edit missinglanguagelinksbutton] </td><td> Find missing language links for </td><td> {{MSGNW:missinglanguagelinksbutton}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Missinglanguagelinkstext&action=edit missinglanguagelinkstext] </td><td> These articles do &lt;i&gt;not&lt;/i&gt; link to their counterpart in $1. Redirects and subpages are &lt;i&gt;not&lt;/i&gt; shown. </td><td> {{MSGNW:missinglanguagelinkstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Moredotdotdot&action=edit moredotdotdot] </td><td> More... </td><td> {{MSGNW:moredotdotdot}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movearticle&action=edit movearticle] </td><td> Move page </td><td> {{MSGNW:movearticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movedto&action=edit movedto] </td><td> moved to </td><td> {{MSGNW:movedto}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movenologin&action=edit movenologin] </td><td> Not logged in </td><td> {{MSGNW:movenologin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movenologintext&action=edit movenologintext] </td><td> You must be a registered user and &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Special:Userlogin&quot;&gt;logged in&lt;/a&gt; to move a page. </td><td> {{MSGNW:movenologintext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movepage&action=edit movepage] </td><td> Move page </td><td> {{MSGNW:movepage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movepagebtn&action=edit movepagebtn] </td><td> Move page </td><td> {{MSGNW:movepagebtn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movepagetalktext&action=edit movepagetalktext] </td><td> The associated talk page, if any, will be automatically moved along with it &#39;&#39;&#39;unless:&#39;&#39;&#39; *You are moving the page across namespaces, *A non-empty talk page already exists under the new name, or *You uncheck the box below. In those cases, you will have to move or merge the page manually if desired. </td><td> {{MSGNW:movepagetalktext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movepagetext&action=edit movepagetext] </td><td> Using the form below will rename a page, moving all of its history to the new name. The old title will become a redirect page to the new title. Links to the old page title will not be changed; be sure to &#91;&#91;Special:Maintenance&#124;check]] for double or broken redirects. You are responsible for making sure that links continue to point where they are supposed to go. Note that the page will &#39;&#39;&#39;not&#39;&#39;&#39; be moved if there is already a page at the new title, unless it is empty or a redirect and has no past edit history. This means that you can rename a page back to where it was just renamed from if you make a mistake, and you cannot overwrite an existing page. &lt;b&gt;WARNING!&lt;/b&gt; This can be a drastic and unexpected change for a popular page; please be sure you understand the consequences of this before proceeding. </td><td> {{MSGNW:movepagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movetalk&action=edit movetalk] </td><td> Move &quot;talk&quot; page as well, if applicable. </td><td> {{MSGNW:movetalk}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movethispage&action=edit movethispage] </td><td> Move this page </td><td> {{MSGNW:movethispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mycontris&action=edit mycontris] </td><td> My contributions </td><td> {{MSGNW:mycontris}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mypage&action=edit mypage] </td><td> My page </td><td> {{MSGNW:mypage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mytalk&action=edit mytalk] </td><td> My talk </td><td> {{MSGNW:mytalk}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nbytes&action=edit nbytes] </td><td> $1 bytes </td><td> {{MSGNW:nbytes}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nchanges&action=edit nchanges] </td><td> $1 changes </td><td> {{MSGNW:nchanges}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newarticle&action=edit newarticle] </td><td> (New) </td><td> {{MSGNW:newarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newarticletext&action=edit newarticletext] </td><td> You&#39;ve followed a link to a page that doesn&#39;t exist yet. To create the page, start typing in the box below (see the &#91;&#91;Wikipedia:Help&#124;help page]] for more info). If you are here by mistake, just click your browser&#39;s &#39;&#39;&#39;back&#39;&#39;&#39; button. </td><td> {{MSGNW:newarticletext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newmessages&action=edit newmessages] </td><td> You have $1. </td><td> {{MSGNW:newmessages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newmessageslink&action=edit newmessageslink] </td><td> new messages </td><td> {{MSGNW:newmessageslink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newpage&action=edit newpage] </td><td> New page </td><td> {{MSGNW:newpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newpageletter&action=edit newpageletter] </td><td> N </td><td> {{MSGNW:newpageletter}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newpages&action=edit newpages] </td><td> New pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:newpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newpassword&action=edit newpassword] </td><td> New password </td><td> {{MSGNW:newpassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newtitle&action=edit newtitle] </td><td> To new title </td><td> {{MSGNW:newtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newusersonly&action=edit newusersonly] </td><td> (new users only) </td><td> {{MSGNW:newusersonly}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Next&action=edit next] </td><td> next </td><td> {{MSGNW:next}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nextn&action=edit nextn] </td><td> next $1 </td><td> {{MSGNW:nextn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nlinks&action=edit nlinks] </td><td> $1 links </td><td> {{MSGNW:nlinks}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noaffirmation&action=edit noaffirmation] </td><td> You must affirm that your upload does not violate any copyrights. </td><td> {{MSGNW:noaffirmation}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noarticletext&action=edit noarticletext] </td><td> (There is currently no text in this page) </td><td> {{MSGNW:noarticletext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noblockreason&action=edit noblockreason] </td><td> You must supply a reason for the block. </td><td> {{MSGNW:noblockreason}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noconnect&action=edit noconnect] </td><td> Sorry! The wiki is experiencing some technical difficulties, and cannot contact the database server. </td><td> {{MSGNW:noconnect}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nocontribs&action=edit nocontribs] </td><td> No changes were found matching these criteria. </td><td> {{MSGNW:nocontribs}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nocookieslogin&action=edit nocookieslogin] </td><td> Wikipedia uses cookies to log in users. You have cookies disabled. Please enable them and try again. </td><td> {{MSGNW:nocookieslogin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nocookiesnew&action=edit nocookiesnew] </td><td> The user account was created, but you are not logged in. Wikipedia uses cookies to log in users. You have cookies disabled. Please enable them, then log in with your new username and password. </td><td> {{MSGNW:nocookiesnew}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nodb&action=edit nodb] </td><td> Could not select database $1 </td><td> {{MSGNW:nodb}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noemail&action=edit noemail] </td><td> There is no e-mail address recorded for user &quot;$1&quot;. </td><td> {{MSGNW:noemail}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noemailtext&action=edit noemailtext] </td><td> This user has not specified a valid e-mail address, or has chosen not to receive e-mail from other users. </td><td> {{MSGNW:noemailtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noemailtitle&action=edit noemailtitle] </td><td> No e-mail address </td><td> {{MSGNW:noemailtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nogomatch&action=edit nogomatch] </td><td> No page with this exact title exists, trying full text search. </td><td> {{MSGNW:nogomatch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nohistory&action=edit nohistory] </td><td> There is no edit history for this page. </td><td> {{MSGNW:nohistory}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nolinkshere&action=edit nolinkshere] </td><td> No pages link to here. </td><td> {{MSGNW:nolinkshere}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nolinkstoimage&action=edit nolinkstoimage] </td><td> There are no pages that link to this image. </td><td> {{MSGNW:nolinkstoimage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noname&action=edit noname] </td><td> You have not specified a valid user name. </td><td> {{MSGNW:noname}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nonefound&action=edit nonefound] </td><td> &lt;strong&gt;Note&lt;/strong&gt;: unsuccessful searches are often caused by searching for common words like &quot;have&quot; and &quot;from&quot;, which are not indexed, or by specifying more than one search term (only pages containing all of the search terms will appear in the result). </td><td> {{MSGNW:nonefound}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nospecialpagetext&action=edit nospecialpagetext] </td><td> You have requested a special page that is not recognized by the wiki. </td><td> {{MSGNW:nospecialpagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nosuchaction&action=edit nosuchaction] </td><td> No such action </td><td> {{MSGNW:nosuchaction}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nosuchactiontext&action=edit nosuchactiontext] </td><td> The action specified by the URL is not recognized by the wiki </td><td> {{MSGNW:nosuchactiontext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nosuchspecialpage&action=edit nosuchspecialpage] </td><td> No such special page </td><td> {{MSGNW:nosuchspecialpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nosuchuser&action=edit nosuchuser] </td><td> There is no user by the name &quot;$1&quot;. Check your spelling, or use the form below to create a new user account. </td><td> {{MSGNW:nosuchuser}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notanarticle&action=edit notanarticle] </td><td> Not an article </td><td> {{MSGNW:notanarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notargettext&action=edit notargettext] </td><td> You have not specified a target page or user to perform this function on. </td><td> {{MSGNW:notargettext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notargettitle&action=edit notargettitle] </td><td> No target </td><td> {{MSGNW:notargettitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Note&action=edit note] </td><td> &lt;strong&gt;Note:&lt;/strong&gt; </td><td> {{MSGNW:note}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notextmatches&action=edit notextmatches] </td><td> No article text matches </td><td> {{MSGNW:notextmatches}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notitlematches&action=edit notitlematches] </td><td> No article title matches </td><td> {{MSGNW:notitlematches}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notloggedin&action=edit notloggedin] </td><td> Not logged in </td><td> {{MSGNW:notloggedin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nowatchlist&action=edit nowatchlist] </td><td> You have no items on your watchlist. </td><td> {{MSGNW:nowatchlist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nowiki_sample&action=edit nowiki_sample] </td><td> Insert non-formatted text here </td><td> {{MSGNW:nowiki_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nowiki_tip&action=edit nowiki_tip] </td><td> Ignore wiki formatting </td><td> {{MSGNW:nowiki_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nviews&action=edit nviews] </td><td> $1 views </td><td> {{MSGNW:nviews}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ok&action=edit ok] </td><td> OK </td><td> {{MSGNW:ok}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Oldpassword&action=edit oldpassword] </td><td> Old password </td><td> {{MSGNW:oldpassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Orig&action=edit orig] </td><td> orig </td><td> {{MSGNW:orig}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Orphans&action=edit orphans] </td><td> Orphaned pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:orphans}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Otherlanguages&action=edit otherlanguages] </td><td> Other languages </td><td> {{MSGNW:otherlanguages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Pagemovedsub&action=edit pagemovedsub] </td><td> Move succeeded </td><td> {{MSGNW:pagemovedsub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Pagemovedtext&action=edit pagemovedtext] </td><td> Page &quot;&#91;&#91;$1]]&quot; moved to &quot;&#91;&#91;$2]]&quot;. </td><td> {{MSGNW:pagemovedtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Passwordremindertext&action=edit passwordremindertext] </td><td> Someone (probably you, from IP address $1) requested that we send you a new Wikipedia login password. The password for user &quot;$2&quot; is now &quot;$3&quot;. You should log in and change your password now. </td><td> {{MSGNW:passwordremindertext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Passwordremindertitle&action=edit passwordremindertitle] </td><td> Password reminder from Wikipedia </td><td> {{MSGNW:passwordremindertitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Passwordsent&action=edit passwordsent] </td><td> A new password has been sent to the e-mail address registered for &quot;$1&quot;. Please log in again after you receive it. </td><td> {{MSGNW:passwordsent}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Perfdisabled&action=edit perfdisabled] </td><td> Sorry! This feature has been temporarily disabled because it slows the database down to the point that no one can use the wiki. </td><td> {{MSGNW:perfdisabled}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Perfdisabledsub&action=edit perfdisabledsub] </td><td> Here&#39;s a saved copy from $1: </td><td> {{MSGNW:perfdisabledsub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Popularpages&action=edit popularpages] </td><td> Popular pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:popularpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Postcomment&action=edit postcomment] </td><td> Post a comment </td><td> {{MSGNW:postcomment}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Powersearch&action=edit powersearch] </td><td> Search </td><td> {{MSGNW:powersearch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Powersearchtext&action=edit powersearchtext] </td><td> Search in namespaces :&lt;br&gt; $1&lt;br&gt; $2 List redirects &amp;nbsp; Search for $3 $9 </td><td> {{MSGNW:powersearchtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Preferences&action=edit preferences] </td><td> Preferences </td><td> {{MSGNW:preferences}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefslogintext&action=edit prefslogintext] </td><td> You are logged in as &quot;$1&quot;. Your internal ID number is $2. See &#91;&#91;Wikipedia:User preferences help]] for help deciphering the options. </td><td> {{MSGNW:prefslogintext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefsnologin&action=edit prefsnologin] </td><td> Not logged in </td><td> {{MSGNW:prefsnologin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefsnologintext&action=edit prefsnologintext] </td><td> You must be &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Special:Userlogin&quot;&gt;logged in&lt;/a&gt; to set user preferences. </td><td> {{MSGNW:prefsnologintext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefsreset&action=edit prefsreset] </td><td> Preferences have been reset from storage. </td><td> {{MSGNW:prefsreset}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Preview&action=edit preview] </td><td> Preview </td><td> {{MSGNW:preview}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Previewconflict&action=edit previewconflict] </td><td> This preview reflects the text in the upper text editing area as it will appear if you choose to save. </td><td> {{MSGNW:previewconflict}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Previewnote&action=edit previewnote] </td><td> Remember that this is only a preview, and has not yet been saved! </td><td> {{MSGNW:previewnote}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prevn&action=edit prevn] </td><td> previous $1 </td><td> {{MSGNW:prevn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Printableversion&action=edit printableversion] </td><td> Printable version </td><td> {{MSGNW:printableversion}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Printsubtitle&action=edit printsubtitle] </td><td> (From http&#58;//www.wikipedia.org) </td><td> {{MSGNW:printsubtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectedarticle&action=edit protectedarticle] </td><td> protected &#91;&#91;$1]] </td><td> {{MSGNW:protectedarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectedpage&action=edit protectedpage] </td><td> Protected page </td><td> {{MSGNW:protectedpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectedpagewarning&action=edit protectedpagewarning] </td><td> WARNING: This page has been locked so that only users with sysop privileges can edit it. Be sure you are following the &lt;a href=&#39;/wiki/Wikipedia:Protected_page_guidelines&#39;&gt;protected page guidelines&lt;/a&gt;. </td><td> {{MSGNW:protectedpagewarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectedtext&action=edit protectedtext] </td><td> This page has been locked to prevent editing; there are a number of reasons why this may be so, please see &#91;&#91;Wikipedia:Protected page]]. You can view and copy the source of this page: </td><td> {{MSGNW:protectedtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectlogpage&action=edit protectlogpage] </td><td> Protection_log </td><td> {{MSGNW:protectlogpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectlogtext&action=edit protectlogtext] </td><td> Below is a list of page locks/unlocks. See &#91;&#91;Wikipedia:Protected page]] for more information. </td><td> {{MSGNW:protectlogtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectpage&action=edit protectpage] </td><td> Protect page </td><td> {{MSGNW:protectpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectthispage&action=edit protectthispage] </td><td> Protect this page </td><td> {{MSGNW:protectthispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbbrowse&action=edit qbbrowse] </td><td> Browse </td><td> {{MSGNW:qbbrowse}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbedit&action=edit qbedit] </td><td> Edit </td><td> {{MSGNW:qbedit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbfind&action=edit qbfind] </td><td> Find </td><td> {{MSGNW:qbfind}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbmyoptions&action=edit qbmyoptions] </td><td> My pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:qbmyoptions}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbpageinfo&action=edit qbpageinfo] </td><td> Context </td><td> {{MSGNW:qbpageinfo}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbpageoptions&action=edit qbpageoptions] </td><td> This page </td><td> {{MSGNW:qbpageoptions}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbsettings&action=edit qbsettings] </td><td> Quickbar settings </td><td> {{MSGNW:qbsettings}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbspecialpages&action=edit qbspecialpages] </td><td> Special pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:qbspecialpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Querybtn&action=edit querybtn] </td><td> Submit query </td><td> {{MSGNW:querybtn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Querysuccessful&action=edit querysuccessful] </td><td> Query successful </td><td> {{MSGNW:querysuccessful}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Randompage&action=edit randompage] </td><td> Random page </td><td> {{MSGNW:randompage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Range_block_disabled&action=edit range_block_disabled] </td><td> The sysop ability to create range blocks is disabled. </td><td> {{MSGNW:range_block_disabled}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rchide&action=edit rchide] </td><td> in $4 form; $1 minor edits; $2 secondary namespaces; $3 multiple edits. </td><td> {{MSGNW:rchide}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rclinks&action=edit rclinks] </td><td> Show last $1 changes in last $2 days; $3 </td><td> {{MSGNW:rclinks}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rclistfrom&action=edit rclistfrom] </td><td> Show new changes starting from $1 </td><td> {{MSGNW:rclistfrom}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rcliu&action=edit rcliu] </td><td> ; $1 edits from logged in users </td><td> {{MSGNW:rcliu}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rcloaderr&action=edit rcloaderr] </td><td> Loading recent changes </td><td> {{MSGNW:rcloaderr}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rclsub&action=edit rclsub] </td><td> (to pages linked from &quot;$1&quot;) </td><td> {{MSGNW:rclsub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rcnote&action=edit rcnote] </td><td> Below are the last &lt;strong&gt;$1&lt;/strong&gt; changes in last &lt;strong&gt;$2&lt;/strong&gt; days. </td><td> {{MSGNW:rcnote}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rcnotefrom&action=edit rcnotefrom] </td><td> Below are the changes since &lt;b&gt;$2&lt;/b&gt; (up to &lt;b&gt;$1&lt;/b&gt; shown). </td><td> {{MSGNW:rcnotefrom}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Readonly&action=edit readonly] </td><td> Database locked </td><td> {{MSGNW:readonly}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Readonlytext&action=edit readonlytext] </td><td> The database is currently locked to new entries and other modifications, probably for routine database maintenance, after which it will be back to normal. The administrator who locked it offered this explanation: &lt;p&gt;$1 </td><td> {{MSGNW:readonlytext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Readonlywarning&action=edit readonlywarning] </td><td> WARNING: The database has been locked for maintenance, so you will not be able to save your edits right now. You may wish to cut-n-paste the text into a text file and save it for later. </td><td> {{MSGNW:readonlywarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Recentchanges&action=edit recentchanges] </td><td> Recent changes </td><td> {{MSGNW:recentchanges}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Recentchangescount&action=edit recentchangescount] </td><td> Number of titles in recent changes </td><td> {{MSGNW:recentchangescount}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Recentchangeslinked&action=edit recentchangeslinked] </td><td> Related changes </td><td> {{MSGNW:recentchangeslinked}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Recentchangestext&action=edit recentchangestext] </td><td> Track the most recent changes to the wiki on this page. </td><td> {{MSGNW:recentchangestext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Redirectedfrom&action=edit redirectedfrom] </td><td> (Redirected from $1) </td><td> {{MSGNW:redirectedfrom}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Remembermypassword&action=edit remembermypassword] </td><td> Remember my password across sessions. </td><td> {{MSGNW:remembermypassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Removechecked&action=edit removechecked] </td><td> Remove checked items from watchlist </td><td> {{MSGNW:removechecked}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Removedwatch&action=edit removedwatch] </td><td> Removed from watchlist </td><td> {{MSGNW:removedwatch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Removedwatchtext&action=edit removedwatchtext] </td><td> The page &quot;$1&quot; has been removed from your watchlist. </td><td> {{MSGNW:removedwatchtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Removingchecked&action=edit removingchecked] </td><td> Removing requested items from watchlist... </td><td> {{MSGNW:removingchecked}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Resetprefs&action=edit resetprefs] </td><td> Reset preferences </td><td> {{MSGNW:resetprefs}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Restorelink&action=edit restorelink] </td><td> $1 deleted edits </td><td> {{MSGNW:restorelink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Resultsperpage&action=edit resultsperpage] </td><td> Hits to show per page </td><td> {{MSGNW:resultsperpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Retrievedfrom&action=edit retrievedfrom] </td><td> Retrieved from &quot;$1&quot; </td><td> {{MSGNW:retrievedfrom}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Returnto&action=edit returnto] </td><td> Return to $1. </td><td> {{MSGNW:returnto}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Retypenew&action=edit retypenew] </td><td> Retype new password </td><td> {{MSGNW:retypenew}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Reupload&action=edit reupload] </td><td> Re-upload </td><td> {{MSGNW:reupload}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Reuploaddesc&action=edit reuploaddesc] </td><td> Return to the upload form. </td><td> {{MSGNW:reuploaddesc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Reverted&action=edit reverted] </td><td> Reverted to earlier revision </td><td> {{MSGNW:reverted}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revertimg&action=edit revertimg] </td><td> rev </td><td> {{MSGNW:revertimg}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revertpage&action=edit revertpage] </td><td> Reverted edit of $2, changed back to last version by $1 </td><td> {{MSGNW:revertpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revhistory&action=edit revhistory] </td><td> Revision history </td><td> {{MSGNW:revhistory}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revisionasof&action=edit revisionasof] </td><td> Revision as of $1 </td><td> {{MSGNW:revisionasof}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revnotfound&action=edit revnotfound] </td><td> Revision not found </td><td> {{MSGNW:revnotfound}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revnotfoundtext&action=edit revnotfoundtext] </td><td> The old revision of the page you asked for could not be found. Please check the URL you used to access this page. </td><td> {{MSGNW:revnotfoundtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rollback&action=edit rollback] </td><td> Roll back edits </td><td> {{MSGNW:rollback}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rollbackfailed&action=edit rollbackfailed] </td><td> Rollback failed </td><td> {{MSGNW:rollbackfailed}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rollbacklink&action=edit rollbacklink] </td><td> rollback </td><td> {{MSGNW:rollbacklink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rows&action=edit rows] </td><td> Rows </td><td> {{MSGNW:rows}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Savearticle&action=edit savearticle] </td><td> Save page </td><td> {{MSGNW:savearticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Savedprefs&action=edit savedprefs] </td><td> Your preferences have been saved. </td><td> {{MSGNW:savedprefs}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Savefile&action=edit savefile] </td><td> Save file </td><td> {{MSGNW:savefile}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Saveprefs&action=edit saveprefs] </td><td> Save preferences </td><td> {{MSGNW:saveprefs}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Search&action=edit search] </td><td> Search </td><td> {{MSGNW:search}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchdisabled&action=edit searchdisabled] </td><td> &lt;p&gt;Sorry! Full text search has been disabled temporarily, for performance reasons. In the meantime, you can use the Google search below, which may be out of date.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;!-- SiteSearch Google --&gt; &lt;FORM method=GET action=&quot;http&#58;//www.google.com/search&quot;&gt; &lt;TABLE bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFFF&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;A HREF=&quot;http&#58;//www.google.com/&quot;&gt; &lt;IMG SRC=&quot;http&#58;//www.google.com/logos/Logo_40wht.gif&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; ALT=&quot;Google&quot;&gt;&lt;/A&gt; &lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt; &lt;INPUT TYPE=text name=q size=31 maxlength=255 value=&quot;$1&quot;&gt; &lt;INPUT type=submit name=btnG VALUE=&quot;Google Search&quot;&gt; &lt;font size=-1&gt; &lt;input type=hidden name=domains value=&quot;http&#58;//sa.wikipedia.org&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;input type=radio name=sitesearch value=&quot;&quot;&gt; WWW &lt;input type=radio name=sitesearch value=&quot;http&#58;//sa.wikipedia.org&quot; checked&gt; http&#58;//sa.wikipedia.org &lt;br&gt; &lt;input type=&#39;hidden&#39; name=&#39;ie&#39; value=&#39;$2&#39;&gt; &lt;input type=&#39;hidden&#39; name=&#39;oe&#39; value=&#39;$2&#39;&gt; &lt;/font&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/TABLE&gt; &lt;/FORM&gt; &lt;!-- SiteSearch Google --&gt; </td><td> {{MSGNW:searchdisabled}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchhelppage&action=edit searchhelppage] </td><td> Wikipedia:Searching </td><td> {{MSGNW:searchhelppage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchingwikipedia&action=edit searchingwikipedia] </td><td> Searching Wikipedia </td><td> {{MSGNW:searchingwikipedia}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchquery&action=edit searchquery] </td><td> For query &quot;$1&quot; </td><td> {{MSGNW:searchquery}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchresults&action=edit searchresults] </td><td> Search results </td><td> {{MSGNW:searchresults}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchresultshead&action=edit searchresultshead] </td><td> Search result settings </td><td> {{MSGNW:searchresultshead}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchresulttext&action=edit searchresulttext] </td><td> For more information about searching Wikipedia, see $1. </td><td> {{MSGNW:searchresulttext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sectionedit&action=edit sectionedit] </td><td> (section) </td><td> {{MSGNW:sectionedit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Selectonly&action=edit selectonly] </td><td> Only read-only queries are allowed. </td><td> {{MSGNW:selectonly}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Selflinks&action=edit selflinks] </td><td> Pages with Self Links </td><td> {{MSGNW:selflinks}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Selflinkstext&action=edit selflinkstext] </td><td> The following pages contain a link to themselves, which they should not. </td><td> {{MSGNW:selflinkstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Servertime&action=edit servertime] </td><td> Server time is now </td><td> {{MSGNW:servertime}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Setbureaucratflag&action=edit setbureaucratflag] </td><td> Set bureaucrat flag </td><td> {{MSGNW:setbureaucratflag}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Shortpages&action=edit shortpages] </td><td> Short pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:shortpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Show&action=edit show] </td><td> show </td><td> {{MSGNW:show}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showhideminor&action=edit showhideminor] </td><td> $1 minor edits </td><td> {{MSGNW:showhideminor}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showingresults&action=edit showingresults] </td><td> Showing below &lt;b&gt;$1&lt;/b&gt; results starting with #&lt;b&gt;$2&lt;/b&gt;. </td><td> {{MSGNW:showingresults}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showingresultsnum&action=edit showingresultsnum] </td><td> Showing below &lt;b&gt;$3&lt;/b&gt; results starting with #&lt;b&gt;$2&lt;/b&gt;. </td><td> {{MSGNW:showingresultsnum}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showlast&action=edit showlast] </td><td> Show last $1 images sorted $2. </td><td> {{MSGNW:showlast}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showpreview&action=edit showpreview] </td><td> Show preview </td><td> {{MSGNW:showpreview}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showtoc&action=edit showtoc] </td><td> show </td><td> {{MSGNW:showtoc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sig_tip&action=edit sig_tip] </td><td> Your signature with timestamp </td><td> {{MSGNW:sig_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitestats&action=edit sitestats] </td><td> Site statistics </td><td> {{MSGNW:sitestats}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitestatstext&action=edit sitestatstext] </td><td> There are &lt;b&gt;$1&lt;/b&gt; total pages in the database. This includes &quot;talk&quot; pages, pages about Wikipedia, minimal &quot;stub&quot; pages, redirects, and others that probably don&#39;t qualify as articles. Excluding those, there are &lt;b&gt;$2&lt;/b&gt; pages that are probably legitimate articles.&lt;p&gt; There have been a total of &lt;b&gt;$3&lt;/b&gt; page views, and &lt;b&gt;$4&lt;/b&gt; page edits since the software was upgraded (July 20, 2002). That comes to &lt;b&gt;$5&lt;/b&gt; average edits per page, and &lt;b&gt;$6&lt;/b&gt; views per edit. </td><td> {{MSGNW:sitestatstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitesubtitle&action=edit sitesubtitle] </td><td> The Free Encyclopedia </td><td> {{MSGNW:sitesubtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitesupport&action=edit sitesupport] </td><td> Donations </td><td> {{MSGNW:sitesupport}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitesupportpage&action=edit sitesupportpage] </td><td> &amp;lt;sitesupportpage&amp;gt; </td><td> {{MSGNW:sitesupportpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitetitle&action=edit sitetitle] </td><td> Wikipedia </td><td> {{MSGNW:sitetitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Skin&action=edit skin] </td><td> Skin </td><td> {{MSGNW:skin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Specialpages&action=edit specialpages] </td><td> Special pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:specialpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Spheading&action=edit spheading] </td><td> Special pages for all users </td><td> {{MSGNW:spheading}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sqlislogged&action=edit sqlislogged] </td><td> Please note that all queries are logged. </td><td> {{MSGNW:sqlislogged}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sqlquery&action=edit sqlquery] </td><td> Enter query </td><td> {{MSGNW:sqlquery}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Statistics&action=edit statistics] </td><td> Statistics </td><td> {{MSGNW:statistics}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Storedversion&action=edit storedversion] </td><td> Stored version </td><td> {{MSGNW:storedversion}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Stubthreshold&action=edit stubthreshold] </td><td> Threshold for stub display </td><td> {{MSGNW:stubthreshold}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Subcategories&action=edit subcategories] </td><td> Subcategories </td><td> {{MSGNW:subcategories}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Subject&action=edit subject] </td><td> Subject/headline </td><td> {{MSGNW:subject}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Subjectpage&action=edit subjectpage] </td><td> View subject </td><td> {{MSGNW:subjectpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Successfulupload&action=edit successfulupload] </td><td> Successful upload </td><td> {{MSGNW:successfulupload}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Summary&action=edit summary] </td><td> Summary </td><td> {{MSGNW:summary}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sysopspheading&action=edit sysopspheading] </td><td> For sysop use only </td><td> {{MSGNW:sysopspheading}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sysoptext&action=edit sysoptext] </td><td> The action you have requested can only be performed by users with &quot;sysop&quot; status. See $1. </td><td> {{MSGNW:sysoptext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sysoptitle&action=edit sysoptitle] </td><td> Sysop access required </td><td> {{MSGNW:sysoptitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tableform&action=edit tableform] </td><td> table </td><td> {{MSGNW:tableform}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talkexists&action=edit talkexists] </td><td> The page itself was moved successfully, but the talk page could not be moved because one already exists at the new title. Please merge them manually. </td><td> {{MSGNW:talkexists}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talkpage&action=edit talkpage] </td><td> Discuss this page </td><td> {{MSGNW:talkpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talkpagemoved&action=edit talkpagemoved] </td><td> The corresponding talk page was also moved. </td><td> {{MSGNW:talkpagemoved}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talkpagenotmoved&action=edit talkpagenotmoved] </td><td> The corresponding talk page was &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; moved. </td><td> {{MSGNW:talkpagenotmoved}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Textboxsize&action=edit textboxsize] </td><td> Textbox dimensions </td><td> {{MSGNW:textboxsize}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Textmatches&action=edit textmatches] </td><td> Article text matches </td><td> {{MSGNW:textmatches}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Thisisdeleted&action=edit thisisdeleted] </td><td> View or restore $1? </td><td> {{MSGNW:thisisdeleted}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Thumbnail-more&action=edit thumbnail-more] </td><td> Enlarge </td><td> {{MSGNW:thumbnail-more}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Timezoneoffset&action=edit timezoneoffset] </td><td> Offset </td><td> {{MSGNW:timezoneoffset}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Timezonetext&action=edit timezonetext] </td><td> Enter number of hours your local time differs from server time (UTC). </td><td> {{MSGNW:timezonetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Titlematches&action=edit titlematches] </td><td> Article title matches </td><td> {{MSGNW:titlematches}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Toc&action=edit toc] </td><td> Table of contents </td><td> {{MSGNW:toc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uclinks&action=edit uclinks] </td><td> View the last $1 changes; view the last $2 days. </td><td> {{MSGNW:uclinks}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ucnote&action=edit ucnote] </td><td> Below are this user&#39;s last &lt;b&gt;$1&lt;/b&gt; changes in the last &lt;b&gt;$2&lt;/b&gt; days. </td><td> {{MSGNW:ucnote}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uctop&action=edit uctop] </td><td> (top) </td><td> {{MSGNW:uctop}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unblockip&action=edit unblockip] </td><td> Unblock user </td><td> {{MSGNW:unblockip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unblockiptext&action=edit unblockiptext] </td><td> Use the form below to restore write access to a previously blocked IP address or username. </td><td> {{MSGNW:unblockiptext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unblocklink&action=edit unblocklink] </td><td> unblock </td><td> {{MSGNW:unblocklink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unblocklogentry&action=edit unblocklogentry] </td><td> unblocked &quot;$1&quot; </td><td> {{MSGNW:unblocklogentry}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undelete&action=edit undelete] </td><td> Restore deleted page </td><td> {{MSGNW:undelete}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletearticle&action=edit undeletearticle] </td><td> Restore deleted article </td><td> {{MSGNW:undeletearticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletebtn&action=edit undeletebtn] </td><td> Restore! </td><td> {{MSGNW:undeletebtn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletedarticle&action=edit undeletedarticle] </td><td> restored &quot;$1&quot; </td><td> {{MSGNW:undeletedarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletedtext&action=edit undeletedtext] </td><td> The article &#91;&#91;$1]] has been successfully restored. See &#91;&#91;Wikipedia:Deletion_log]] for a record of recent deletions and restorations. </td><td> {{MSGNW:undeletedtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletehistory&action=edit undeletehistory] </td><td> If you restore the page, all revisions will be restored to the history. If a new page with the same name has been created since the deletion, the restored revisions will appear in the prior history, and the current revision of the live page will not be automatically replaced. </td><td> {{MSGNW:undeletehistory}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletepage&action=edit undeletepage] </td><td> View and restore deleted pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:undeletepage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletepagetext&action=edit undeletepagetext] </td><td> The following pages have been deleted but are still in the archive and can be restored. The archive may be periodically cleaned out. </td><td> {{MSGNW:undeletepagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeleterevision&action=edit undeleterevision] </td><td> Deleted revision as of $1 </td><td> {{MSGNW:undeleterevision}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeleterevisions&action=edit undeleterevisions] </td><td> $1 revisions archived </td><td> {{MSGNW:undeleterevisions}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unexpected&action=edit unexpected] </td><td> Unexpected value: &quot;$1&quot;=&quot;$2&quot;. </td><td> {{MSGNW:unexpected}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockbtn&action=edit unlockbtn] </td><td> Unlock database </td><td> {{MSGNW:unlockbtn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockconfirm&action=edit unlockconfirm] </td><td> Yes, I really want to unlock the database. </td><td> {{MSGNW:unlockconfirm}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockdb&action=edit unlockdb] </td><td> Unlock database </td><td> {{MSGNW:unlockdb}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockdbsuccesssub&action=edit unlockdbsuccesssub] </td><td> Database lock removed </td><td> {{MSGNW:unlockdbsuccesssub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockdbsuccesstext&action=edit unlockdbsuccesstext] </td><td> The database has been unlocked. </td><td> {{MSGNW:unlockdbsuccesstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockdbtext&action=edit unlockdbtext] </td><td> Unlocking the database will restore the ability of all users to edit pages, change their preferences, edit their watchlists, and other things requiring changes in the database. Please confirm that this is what you intend to do. </td><td> {{MSGNW:unlockdbtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unprotectedarticle&action=edit unprotectedarticle] </td><td> unprotected &#91;&#91;$1]] </td><td> {{MSGNW:unprotectedarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unprotectthispage&action=edit unprotectthispage] </td><td> Unprotect this page </td><td> {{MSGNW:unprotectthispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unusedimages&action=edit unusedimages] </td><td> Unused images </td><td> {{MSGNW:unusedimages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unusedimagestext&action=edit unusedimagestext] </td><td> &lt;p&gt;Please note that other web sites such as the international Wikipedias may link to an image with a direct URL, and so may still be listed here despite being in active use. </td><td> {{MSGNW:unusedimagestext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unwatchthispage&action=edit unwatchthispage] </td><td> Stop watching </td><td> {{MSGNW:unwatchthispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Updated&action=edit updated] </td><td> (Updated) </td><td> {{MSGNW:updated}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Upload&action=edit upload] </td><td> Upload file </td><td> {{MSGNW:upload}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadbtn&action=edit uploadbtn] </td><td> Upload file </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploadbtn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploaddisabled&action=edit uploaddisabled] </td><td> Sorry, uploading is disabled. </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploaddisabled}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadedfiles&action=edit uploadedfiles] </td><td> Uploaded files </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploadedfiles}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadedimage&action=edit uploadedimage] </td><td> uploaded &quot;$1&quot; </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploadedimage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploaderror&action=edit uploaderror] </td><td> Upload error </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploaderror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadfile&action=edit uploadfile] </td><td> Upload images, sounds, documents etc. </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploadfile}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadlink&action=edit uploadlink] </td><td> Upload images </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploadlink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadlog&action=edit uploadlog] </td><td> upload log </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploadlog}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadlogpage&action=edit uploadlogpage] </td><td> Upload_log </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploadlogpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadlogpagetext&action=edit uploadlogpagetext] </td><td> Below is a list of the most recent file uploads. All times shown are server time (UTC). &lt;ul&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploadlogpagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadnologin&action=edit uploadnologin] </td><td> Not logged in </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploadnologin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadnologintext&action=edit uploadnologintext] </td><td> You must be &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Special:Userlogin&quot;&gt;logged in&lt;/a&gt; to upload files. </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploadnologintext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadtext&action=edit uploadtext] </td><td> &lt;strong&gt;STOP!&lt;/strong&gt; Before you upload here, make sure to read and follow the &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_use_policy&quot;&gt;image use policy&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;p&gt;If a file with the name you are specifying already exists on the wiki, it&#39;ll be replaced without warning. So unless you mean to update a file, it&#39;s a good idea to first check if such a file exists. &lt;p&gt;To view or search previously uploaded images, go to the &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Special:Imagelist&quot;&gt;list of uploaded images&lt;/a&gt;. Uploads and deletions are logged on the &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Wikipedia:Upload_log&quot;&gt;upload log&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;p&gt;Use the form below to upload new image files for use in illustrating your articles. On most browsers, you will see a &quot;Browse...&quot; button, which will bring up your operating system&#39;s standard file open dialog. Choosing a file will fill the name of that file into the text field next to the button. You must also check the box affirming that you are not violating any copyrights by uploading the file. Press the &quot;Upload&quot; button to finish the upload. This may take some time if you have a slow internet connection. &lt;p&gt;The preferred formats are JPEG for photographic images, PNG for drawings and other iconic images, and OGG for sounds. Please name your files descriptively to avoid confusion. To include the image in an article, use a link in the form &lt;b&gt;&#91;&#91;image:file.jpg]]&lt;/b&gt; or &lt;b&gt;&#91;&#91;image:file.png&#124;alt text]]&lt;/b&gt; or &lt;b&gt;&#91;&#91;media:file.ogg]]&lt;/b&gt; for sounds. &lt;p&gt;Please note that as with wiki pages, others may edit or delete your uploads if they think it serves the encyclopedia, and you may be blocked from uploading if you abuse the system. </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploadtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadwarning&action=edit uploadwarning] </td><td> Upload warning </td><td> {{MSGNW:uploadwarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userexists&action=edit userexists] </td><td> The user name you entered is already in use. Please choose a different name. </td><td> {{MSGNW:userexists}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userlogin&action=edit userlogin] </td><td> Log in </td><td> {{MSGNW:userlogin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userlogout&action=edit userlogout] </td><td> Log out </td><td> {{MSGNW:userlogout}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userpage&action=edit userpage] </td><td> View user page </td><td> {{MSGNW:userpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userstats&action=edit userstats] </td><td> User statistics </td><td> {{MSGNW:userstats}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userstatstext&action=edit userstatstext] </td><td> There are &lt;b&gt;$1&lt;/b&gt; registered users. &lt;b&gt;$2&lt;/b&gt; of these are administrators (see $3). </td><td> {{MSGNW:userstatstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Version&action=edit version] </td><td> Version </td><td> {{MSGNW:version}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Viewcount&action=edit viewcount] </td><td> This page has been accessed $1 times. </td><td> {{MSGNW:viewcount}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Viewprevnext&action=edit viewprevnext] </td><td> View ($1) ($2) ($3). </td><td> {{MSGNW:viewprevnext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Viewsource&action=edit viewsource] </td><td> View source </td><td> {{MSGNW:viewsource}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Viewtalkpage&action=edit viewtalkpage] </td><td> View discussion </td><td> {{MSGNW:viewtalkpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wantedpages&action=edit wantedpages] </td><td> Wanted pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:wantedpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchdetails&action=edit watchdetails] </td><td> ($1 pages watched not counting talk pages; $2 total pages edited since cutoff; $3... &lt;a href=&#39;$4&#39;&gt;show and edit complete list&lt;/a&gt;.) </td><td> {{MSGNW:watchdetails}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watcheditlist&action=edit watcheditlist] </td><td> Here&#39;s an alphabetical list of your watched pages. Check the boxes of pages you want to remove from your watchlist and click the &#39;remove checked&#39; button at the bottom of the screen. </td><td> {{MSGNW:watcheditlist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchlist&action=edit watchlist] </td><td> My watchlist </td><td> {{MSGNW:watchlist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchlistcontains&action=edit watchlistcontains] </td><td> Your watchlist contains $1 pages. </td><td> {{MSGNW:watchlistcontains}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchlistsub&action=edit watchlistsub] </td><td> (for user &quot;$1&quot;) </td><td> {{MSGNW:watchlistsub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchmethod-list&action=edit watchmethod-list] </td><td> checking watched pages for recent edits </td><td> {{MSGNW:watchmethod-list}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchmethod-recent&action=edit watchmethod-recent] </td><td> checking recent edits for watched pages </td><td> {{MSGNW:watchmethod-recent}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchnochange&action=edit watchnochange] </td><td> None of your watched items were edited in the time period displayed. </td><td> {{MSGNW:watchnochange}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchnologin&action=edit watchnologin] </td><td> Not logged in </td><td> {{MSGNW:watchnologin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchnologintext&action=edit watchnologintext] </td><td> You must be &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Special:Userlogin&quot;&gt;logged in&lt;/a&gt; to modify your watchlist. </td><td> {{MSGNW:watchnologintext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchthis&action=edit watchthis] </td><td> Watch this article </td><td> {{MSGNW:watchthis}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchthispage&action=edit watchthispage] </td><td> Watch this page </td><td> {{MSGNW:watchthispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Welcomecreation&action=edit welcomecreation] </td><td> &lt;h2&gt;Welcome, $1!&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Your account has been created. Don&#39;t forget to personalize your wikipedia preferences. </td><td> {{MSGNW:welcomecreation}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whatlinkshere&action=edit whatlinkshere] </td><td> What links here </td><td> {{MSGNW:whatlinkshere}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistacctext&action=edit whitelistacctext] </td><td> To be allowed to create accounts in this Wiki you have to &#91;&#91;Special:Userlogin&#124;log]] in and have the appropriate permissions. </td><td> {{MSGNW:whitelistacctext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistacctitle&action=edit whitelistacctitle] </td><td> You are not allowed to create an account </td><td> {{MSGNW:whitelistacctitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistedittext&action=edit whitelistedittext] </td><td> You have to &#91;&#91;Special:Userlogin&#124;login]] to edit articles. </td><td> {{MSGNW:whitelistedittext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistedittitle&action=edit whitelistedittitle] </td><td> Login required to edit </td><td> {{MSGNW:whitelistedittitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistreadtext&action=edit whitelistreadtext] </td><td> You have to &#91;&#91;Special:Userlogin&#124;login]] to read articles. </td><td> {{MSGNW:whitelistreadtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistreadtitle&action=edit whitelistreadtitle] </td><td> Login required to read </td><td> {{MSGNW:whitelistreadtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wikipediapage&action=edit wikipediapage] </td><td> View meta page </td><td> {{MSGNW:wikipediapage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wikititlesuffix&action=edit wikititlesuffix] </td><td> Wikipedia </td><td> {{MSGNW:wikititlesuffix}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wlnote&action=edit wlnote] </td><td> Below are the last $1 changes in the last &lt;b&gt;$2&lt;/b&gt; hours. </td><td> {{MSGNW:wlnote}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wlsaved&action=edit wlsaved] </td><td> This is a saved version of your watchlist. </td><td> {{MSGNW:wlsaved}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wlshowlast&action=edit wlshowlast] </td><td> Show last $1 hours $2 days $3 </td><td> {{MSGNW:wlshowlast}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wrong_wfQuery_params&action=edit wrong_wfQuery_params] </td><td> Incorrect parameters to wfQuery()&lt;br&gt; Function: $1&lt;br&gt; Query: $2 </td><td> {{MSGNW:wrong_wfQuery_params}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wrongpassword&action=edit wrongpassword] </td><td> The password you entered is incorrect. Please try again. </td><td> {{MSGNW:wrongpassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourdiff&action=edit yourdiff] </td><td> Differences </td><td> {{MSGNW:yourdiff}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Youremail&action=edit youremail] </td><td> Your e-mail* </td><td> {{MSGNW:youremail}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourname&action=edit yourname] </td><td> Your user name </td><td> {{MSGNW:yourname}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yournick&action=edit yournick] </td><td> Your nickname (for signatures) </td><td> {{MSGNW:yournick}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourpassword&action=edit yourpassword] </td><td> Your password </td><td> {{MSGNW:yourpassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourpasswordagain&action=edit yourpasswordagain] </td><td> Retype password </td><td> {{MSGNW:yourpasswordagain}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourtext&action=edit yourtext] </td><td> Your text </td><td> {{MSGNW:yourtext}} </td></tr></table> 575 9367 2005-08-17T09:11:08Z Yann 25 #REDIRECT [[MediaWiki:Recentchangestext]] #REDIRECT [[MediaWiki:Recentchangestext]] 576 5822 2004-02-03T18:42:03Z Mero 2 oops Below is a list of '''Recent Changes''' for all active Wikipedia versions (arranged alphabetically based on [[language code]]s): :[[:af:Recent Changes|af - Afrikaans]] :[[:ar:Special:Recentchanges|ar - Araby]] :[[:bg:&#1057;&#1087;&#1077;&#1094;&#1080;&#1072;&#1083;&#1085;&#1080;:Recentchanges|bg - &#1041;&#1098;&#1083;&#1075;&#1072;&#1088;&#1089;&#1082;&#1080;]] :[[:bs:Special:Recentchanges|bs - Bosnian]] :[[:ca:RecentChanges|ca - Catal&agrave;]] :[[:cs:Special:Recentchanges|cs - &#268;esk&yacute;]] :[[:cy:Special:Recentchanges|cy - Cymraeg]] :[[:da:Speciel:Recentchanges|da - Dansk]] :[[:de:Spezial:Recentchanges|de - Deutsch]] :[[:el:Special:Recentchanges|el - &#917;&#955;&#955;&#951;&#957;&#953;&#954;&#940; (Ellenika)]] :[[Special:Recentchanges|en - English]] :[[:eo:Lastaj_Sxangxoj|eo - Esperanto]] :[[:es:Cambios Recientes|es - Espa&ntilde;ol]] :[[:et:Recent Changes|et - Eesti]] :[[:eu:Recent Changes|ei - Euskara]] :[[:fi:Toiminnot:Recentchanges|fi - Suomi]] :[[:fr:RecentChanges|fr - Fran&ccedil;ais]] :[[:fy:Recent Changes|fy - Frysk]] :[[:he:%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:Recentchanges|he - &#1506;&#1489;&#1512;&#1497;&#1514; Ivrit]] :[[:hr:Special:Recentchanges|hr - Hrvatski]] :[[:hu:Speciális:Recentchanges|hu - Magyar]] :[[:ia:Recent Changes|ia - Interlingua]] :[[:id:Recent_Changes|id - Indonesia]] :[[:it:RecentChanges|it - Italiano]] :[[:ja:%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5:Recentchanges|ja - &#26085;&#26412;&#35486; Nihongo]] :[[:ko:%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98%EA%B8%B0%EB%8A%A5:Recentchanges|ko - &#54620;&#44397;&#50612; Hangukeo]] :[[:la:Special:Recentchanges|la - Latina]] :[[:ms:Special:Recentchanges|ms - Bahasa Melayu]] :[[:nl:Speciaal:Recentchanges|nl - Nederlands]] :[[:no:Recent Changes|no - Norsk]] :[[:pl:Ostatnie zmiany|pl - Polski]] :[[:pt:Especial:Recentchanges|pt - Portugu&ecirc;s]] :[[:ro:Special:Recentchanges|ro - Rom&#226;n&#259;]] :[[:ru:RecentChanges|ru - &#1056;&#1091;&#1089;&#1089;&#1082;&#1080;&#1081; Russkiy]] :[[:sa:Special:Recentchanges|sa - Samskrta]] :[http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki.cgi?RecentChanges Simple English] :[[:sh:Special:Recentchanges|sh - Srpskohrvatski]] :[[:sl:Recent Changes|sl - Slovensko]] :[[:sq:Special:Recentchanges|sq - Shqip]] :[[:sr:%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:Recentchanges|sr - Srpski]] :[[:sv:Special:Recentchanges|sv - Svenska]] :[[:tr:Special:Recentchanges|tr - T&uuml;rk&ccedil;e]] :[[:vi:Special:Recentchanges|vi - Ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t]] :[[:zh:Special:Recentchanges|zh - &#20013;&#25991; Zhongwen]] 577 10400 2006-04-18T13:54:49Z 147.31.4.43 [[ar:Wikipedia:Sandbox]] [[ca:Pàgina De Proves]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Bocs_swnd]] [[de:Wikipedia:Spielwiese]] [[es:Wikipedia:Zona de pruebas]] [[el:Wikipedia:&#913;&#956;&#956;&#959;&#948;&#959;&#967;&#949;&#943;&#959;]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Testejo]] [[fi:Hiekkalaatikko]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Bac à sable]] [[he:&#1488;&#1512;&#1490;&#1494; &#1495;&#1493;&#1500;]] [[ms:Sandbox]] [[ja:Wikipedia:&#12469;&#12531;&#12489;&#12508;&#12483;&#12463;&#12473;]] [[nl:Wikipedia:Zandbak]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Brudnopis]] [[ru:Wikipadia:&#1055;&#1077;&#1089;&#1086;&#1095;&#1085;&#1080;&#1094;&#1072;]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Sandbox]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Sandlådan]] [[zh:Wikipedia:&#27801;&#30418;]] [[no:Wikipedia:Sandkasse]] poopy Fe८गहकुगनमबवउकेयउदकमूगतउगजुहबटौel free to try out your [[Wikipedia:How to edit a page|skills at formatting]] here, where no one will scream at you for totally messing things up.'' ''Click on ''edit this page'', scroll down to find where to make your changes and click ''Save page'' when finished. '' <!-- Please leave the above content intact. Thank you! --> 584 sysop 5830 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Bureaucrat_log 585 sysop 8141 2005-07-03T13:40:57Z MediaWiki default Changed group membership for $1 from $2 to $3 586 sysop 5832 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default The action you have requested can only be performed by sysops with "bureaucrat" status. 587 sysop 5833 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Bureaucrat access required 588 sysop 5834 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} e-mail 589 sysop 8425 2005-07-03T13:40:59Z MediaWiki default <form method="get" action="http://www.google.com/search" id="googlesearch"> <input type="hidden" name="domains" value="{{SERVER}}" /> <input type="hidden" name="num" value="50" /> <input type="hidden" name="ie" value="$2" /> <input type="hidden" name="oe" value="$2" /> <input type="text" name="q" size="31" maxlength="255" value="$1" /> <input type="submit" name="btnG" value="$3" /> <div> <input type="radio" name="sitesearch" id="gwiki" value="{{SERVER}}" checked="checked" /><label for="gwiki">{{SITENAME}}</label> <input type="radio" name="sitesearch" id="gWWW" value="" /><label for="gWWW">WWW</label> </div> </form> 590 sysop 9981 2005-12-22T07:37:42Z MediaWiki default Invalid IP range. 591 sysop 5837 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Expiry time invalid. 592 sysop 5838 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Expiry 593 sysop 5839 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default <b>User "$1" could not be made into a sysop. (Did you enter the name correctly?)</b> 594 sysop 5840 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Name of the user: 595 sysop 5841 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default <b>User "$1" is now a sysop</b> 596 sysop 5842 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Make this user into a sysop 597 sysop 5843 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default This form is used by bureaucrats to turn ordinary users into administrators. Type the name of the user in the box and press the button to make the user an administrator 598 sysop 5844 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Make a user into a sysop 599 sysop 5845 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default The sysop ability to create range blocks is disabled. 600 sysop 5846 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Set bureaucrat flag 601 sysop 5847 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Version 602 13040 2006-12-20T10:38:15Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Modifying: [[vec:Mùxega]] [[कर्नाटक संगीतं]] [[af:Musiek]] [[an:Mosica]] [[ar:موسيقى]] [[ast:Música]] [[bar:Musik]] [[bat-smg:Mozėka]] [[be:Музыка]] [[bg:Музика]] [[bm:Fɔlikan]] [[bn:সঙ্গীত]] [[bs:Muzika]] [[ca:Música]] [[chr:ᏗᎧᏃᎩᏛ]] [[co:Musica]] [[cs:Hudba]] [[cv:Кĕвĕ]] [[cy:Cerddoriaeth]] [[da:Musik]] [[de:Musik]] [[el:Μουσική]] [[en:Music]] [[eo:Muziko]] [[es:Música]] [[et:Muusika]] [[eu:Musika]] [[fa:موسیقی]] [[fi:Musiikki]] [[fiu-vro:Muusiga]] [[fo:Tónleikur]] [[fr:Musique]] [[fur:Musiche]] [[fy:Muzyk]] [[ga:Ceol]] [[gd:Ceòl]] [[gl:Música]] [[he:מוזיקה]] [[hi:संगीत]] [[hr:Glazba]] [[ht:Mizik]] [[hu:Zene]] [[ia:Musica]] [[id:Musik]] [[io:Muziko]] [[is:Tónlist]] [[it:Musica]] [[ja:音楽]] [[jbo:zgike]] [[jv:Musik]] [[ka:მუსიკა]] [[kn:ಸಂಗೀತ]] [[ko:음악]] [[kw:Ylow]] [[ky:Музыка]] [[la:Musica]] [[lad:Muzika]] [[lb:Musek]] [[li:Muziek]] [[lt:Muzika]] [[lv:Mūzika]] [[ms:Muzik]] [[mt:Mużika]] [[mzn:ساز]] [[nah:Cuīcayotl]] [[nds:Musik]] [[nds-nl:Meziek]] [[ne:संगीत]] [[nl:Muziek]] [[nn:Musikk]] [[no:Musikk]] [[nrm:Mûsique]] [[oc:Musica]] [[os:Музыкæ]] [[pl:Muzyka]] [[pt:Música]] [[qu:Taki kapchiy]] [[ro:Muzică]] [[ru:Музыка]] [[sc:Mùsica]] [[scn:Mùsica]] [[sco:Muisic]] [[sh:Muzika]] [[simple:Music]] [[sk:Hudba]] [[sl:Glasba]] [[sq:Muzika]] [[sr:Музика]] [[st:Mmino]] [[sv:Musik]] [[sw:Ngoma]] [[ta:இசை]] [[tg:Мусиқӣ]] [[th:ดนตรี]] [[tl:Musika]] [[tr:Müzik]] [[ug:مۇزىكا]] [[uk:Музика]] [[vec:Mùxega]] [[vi:Âm nhạc]] [[wa:Muzike]] [[yi:מוזיק]] [[zea:Muziek]] [[zh:音乐]] [[zh-yue:音樂]] 605 5851 2004-04-23T11:47:30Z Angela 3 remove spam '''General disclaimer''' - [[Wikipedia:Risk disclaimer|Use Wikipedia at your own risk!]] - [[Wikipedia:Medical disclaimer|Wikipedia does not give medical advice]] - [[Wikipedia:Legal disclaimer|Wikipedia does not give legal opinions]] - [[Wikipedia:Content disclaimer|Wikipedia contains spoilers and content you may find objectionable]] <center><font face="Arial" size="+2"><b> W<small>IKIPEDIA</small> M<small>AKES</small> N<small>O</small> G<small>UARANTEE</small> O<small>F</small> V<small>ALIDITY</small> </b></font></center> '''Wikipedia''' is an online open-content encyclopedia, that is, a voluntary association of individuals and groups who are developing a common resource of human knowledge. Its structure allows any individual with an Internet connection and World Wide Web browser to alter the content found here. Therefore, please be advised that nothing found here has necessarily been reviewed by professionals who are knowledgeable in the particular areas of expertise necessary to provide you with complete, accurate or reliable information about any subject in ''Wikipedia''. That's not to say that you won't find much valuable and accurate information at ''Wikipedia'', however please be advised that '''''Wikipedia'' CANNOT guarantee, in any way whatsoever, the validity of the information found here.''' It may recently have been changed, vandalized or altered by someone whose opinion does not correspond with the state of knowledge in the particular area you are interested in learning about. We are working on ways to select and approve more trustable versions of articles, but still without warranty. The closest thing to this that currently exists is the [[Wikipedia:Featured articles]] process, but even the articles listed there may have been mercilessly edited shortly before you view them. ::'''None of the authors, contributors, sponsors, administrators, sysops, or anyone else connected with ''Wikipedia'' in any way whatsoever can be responsible for the appearance of any inaccurate or libelous information or your use of the information contained in or linked from these web pages.''' Please make sure that you understand that the information provided here is being provided free and gratuitously, and that no kind of agreement or contract is created between you and the owners or users of this site, the owners of the servers upon which it is housed, the individual ''Wikipedia'' contributors, any project administrators, sysops or anyone else who is in ''any way connected'' with this project or sister projects subject to your claims against them directly. 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'''This information is being given to you gratuitously''' and there is '''no agreement or understanding between you and ''Wikipedia''''' regarding your use or modification of this information beyond the [[GNU Free Documentation License]] neither is anyone at ''Wikipedia'' responsible should someone change, edit, modify or remove any information that you may post on ''Wikipedia'' or any of its associated projects. Thank you for spending the time to read this page, and please enjoy your experience at ''Wikipedia''. <!--Remain seated until the aircraft stops moving and the seat-belt light goes off. ;-) ha, ha! NO SMOKING IN THE TERMINAL BUILDING...Do not adjust your television set, YOU ARE NOW ENTERING THE TWILIGHT ZONE --> [[en:Wikipedia:General_disclaimer]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:Avís legal]] [[da:Wikipedia:Generelle forbehold]] [[hu:Wikip%C3%A9dia:Jogi_nyilatkozat]] [[no:Wikipedia:Generelle forbehold]] [[tr:Hukuk]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Zrzeczenie si&#281; odpowiedzialno&#347;ci]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Allmänt förbehåll]] [[zh:Wikipedia:%E5%85%8D%E8%B4%A3%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E]] 609 12678 2006-12-15T11:03:05Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: be, ga, rmy, sk, ur Modifying: bn, eu {| border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300" ! colspan="2" bgcolor="lawngreen" style="font-size:120%"|&#2360;&#2306;&#2360;&#2381;&#2325;&#2371;&#2340;&#2350;&#2381; |- |colspan=2|[[Image:John 3 16 Sanskrit translation grantham script.gif|310px]] |- | valign="top"|Spoken in: |[[Asia]] |- | valign="top"|Region: |[[जम्‍बुद्वीप]], parts of [[South East Asia]] |- | valign="top"|Total speakers: |4 million |- | valign="top"|[[Language families and languages|Genetic]]<br/>[[Language families and languages|classification]]: |[[Indo-European]]<br/> &nbsp;[[Indo-Aryan]]<br/> &nbsp;&nbsp;'''Sanskrit''' |- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="lawngreen"|Official status |- | valign="top"|Official language of: | valign="top"|[[भारत]] |- <!-- | valign="top"|Regulated by: | valign="top"|[[Language Academy]] |- --> ! colspan="2" bgcolor="lawngreen"|Language codes |- |[[ISO 639]]-1||sa |- |ISO 639-2||san |- |[[SIL]]||SKT |} [[संस्‍कृत]] '''संस्कृतं''' पृथिव्यां प्राचीना समृद्घा वैज्ञानिकी च भाषा मन्यते । विश्ववाङ्‌मयेषु संस्कृतं श्रेष्ठरत्नम् इति न केवलं भारते अपि तु समग्रविश्वे एतद्विषये निर्णयाधिकारिभि: जनै: स्वीकृतम् । महर्षि [[पाणिनि]]ना विरचिता [[अष्टाध्यायी]] इति संस्कृतव्याकरणम्‌ अधुनापि भारते विदेशेषु च भाषाविज्ञानिनां प्रेरणास्‍थानं वर्तते . संस्कृतशब्दा: एव उत्तरं दक्षिणं च भारतं संयोजयन्ति । संस्कृते एकस्य धातो: रूपाणि अर्थकालानुसारेण दशसु लकारेशु भवन्ति । प्रत्येक-लकारे प्रथमपुरुष:, मध्यमपुरुष:, उत्तमपुरुष: इति त्रय: पुरुषा: सन्ति । == इतिहास: == विश्‍वस्‍य आदिम: ग्रन्‍थ: '[[ऋग्‍वेद]]:'(३५०० BC) संस्‍कृतभाषायामेवास्‍ति. अन्‍ये च वेद: यथा [[यजुर्वेद]]:, [[सामवेद]]:, [[अथर्वेद]]श्‍च संस्‍कृतभाषायामेव सन्‍ति. The oldest surviving Sanskrit grammar is [[पाणिनि]]'s c. 500 BC [[A&#803;s&#803;t&#257;dhy&#257;y&#299;]]. A form of Sanskrit called Epic Sanskrit is seen in the [[महाभारत]] and [[इतिहास]]-[[पुराण]]. महर्षि-[[पाणिनि]]ना विरचिता [[अष्‍टाध्‍यायी]] इति संस्‍कृतव्‍याकरणम्‌ अधुनापि भारते विदेशेषु च भाषाविज्ञानिनां प्रेरणास्‍थानं वर्तते. ==लिपि:== संस्कृतभाषा [[देवनागरी]]लिप्या लिख्यते. ==प्रभाव== === आधुनिक भारतं === तमिळ, तेलुगु, कन्नड, मलयालम्‌ इति इमा: चतस्र: दाक्षिणात्‍य-भाषा: संस्‍कृतेन भृशं प्रभाविता:. sanskrit is a unique language because it has no specific writing script anyone can write it in any languae using any script and any type of letter. it mostly depends upon the pronounciation,it can be written in english, espinol, spanish, arabian ,hindi,telgu, japanese or oriya . sanskrit is often called as deadlanguage but the resurrection of dead has begun [language]. it is also called as the God's language . the key to knolwdge and undecipherable webpage building is in the sanskrit language as it is less known language .only some1337 known this language , == स्वरविज्ञान == पश्य: [[देवनागरी]] ===स्वर: === अ, आ, इ, ई, उ, ऊ, ऋ, ए, ऐ, ओ, औ, अं, अ: ===स्वरसन्धि === ए = अ + इ; ऐ ओ = अ + उ; औ Vowels can be [[nasalization|nasalized]]. ===व्यञ्जन=== == रूप एवं वाक्य-विज्ञान == '''१. बहुव्रीहि''' ::बहुव्रीहि, or much-rice, denotes a rich person--one who has much rice. Bahuvrihi compounds refer to a thing which is not specified in any of the parts of which the compound is formed. A block-head, for example, is someone whose head is said to be as thick as a block. '''२. कर्मधारीय''' ::A compound in which all of the words specify that to which the compound refers. A houseboat, for example, is both a house and a boat. '''३. तत्पुरुष''' ::There are many tatpurushas (one for each of the nominal cases, and a few others besides); in a tatpurusha, one component is related to another. For example, a doghouse is a dative compound, a house ''for'' a dog. It would be called a "caturtitatpurusha" (caturti refers to the fourth case--that is, the dative). Incidentally, "tatpurusha" is a tatpurusha ("this man"--meaning someone's agent), while "caturtitatpurusha" is a karmadhariya, being both dative, and a tatpurusha. Here is a simple example to illustrate the different contexts in which the cases are used for the pronouns: mayaa tatam idam sarvam jagad avyaktamuurtinaa | matsthaani sarvabhuutaani na caaham teshv avasthitah || -- ''[[भगवद्गीता]]'' (9.4) "मया" (by me) in the first line is in the instrumental case. Word for word this says "by me is pervaded this all universe" but a naturalized translation would be "I pervade all this universe...". "mat-sthaani" in the second line is a compound of "mat" (me) and "stha" (standing, staying at) and means "they are in me". "-aham" (I) in the second line is nominative. na caaham = "...and not I....", meaning "but I am not...". "teshv-" (in/at/by them) at the end of the second line is in locative plural. Translated: "...in them". * [[संस्‍कृत साहित्‍य]] * [[व्याकरण]] == पुनर्प्रवर्तन == Of late, there have been attempts to revive the speaking of this ancient tongue among people, so that vast literature available in sanskrit can be made easily available to everyone. Many organisations like the Samskrta Bharati are conducting Speak Sanskrit workshops to popularise the language. About four million people are claimed to have aquired the ability to speak sanskrit.(See link) maya and mayaa and ya are three terms diff in meaning but nearly same in meaning . maya word has came from ma and ya here ma is yes and ya is no oppo to ya in english used by layman for no.. . maya is for the things which exists and doesnot exists too. that is maya.mahamaya is also one of the name of mother goddess 's mi, devi DURGA . MAYA REPRESENTS THE world as we see it. the term maya is an sanskrit word and we can compare it with matrix ... . layer upon layer upon layer in five media eye or vision, ear or shruti, nose or ghranendriya or smelling organ , dermis or skin or charma or cham and the mind.--[[User:220.226.58.197|220.226.58.197]] 04:44, 30 October 2006 (UTC) nisheeth ranjan pandaa,kld 766001 ,aka donorale ,neo @--}--- == बाह्य ग्रन्थय: == *[http://sanskrit.gde.to/ संस्कृत-ग्रन्था:] *[http://www.geocities.com/giirvaani/ GiirvaaNi - Sanskrit Classical Literature with translation] *[http://members.tripod.com/~sarasvati/alphabet.html Sanskrit Alphabet in Devanagari Script and Pronunciation Key] *[http://www.americansanskrit.com/athome/online01/alphabet.html The Sanskrit Alphabet] *[http://homepage.ntlworld.com/stone-catend/trind.htm Transliteration of Indic Languages & Scripts - including devanagari for sanskrit] *[http://www.uni-koeln.de/phil-fak/indologie/tamil/mwd_search.html Monier-Williams Dictionary - Searchable] *[http://homepages.comnet.co.nz/~r-mahoney/mw_dict/mw_dict.html Monier-Williams Dictionary - Downloadable] *[http://www.ibiblio.org/sripedia/ebooks/mw/0000/ Monier-Williams Dictionary - Printable] *[http://www.aczone.com/itrans/online/ Online Itrans] *[http://www.samskrita-bharati.org/ संस्कृत-भारती] [[af:Sanskrit]] [[ar:لغة سنسكريتية]] [[ast:Sánscritu]] [[be:Санскрыт]] [[bg:Санскрит]] [[bn:সংস্কৃত ভাষা]] [[br:Sañskriteg]] [[ca:Sànscrit]] [[cs:Sanskrt]] [[cy:Sansgrit]] [[da:Sanskrit]] [[de:Sanskrit]] [[el:Σανσκριτική γλώσσα]] [[en:Sanskrit]] [[eo:Sanskrito]] [[es:Sánscrito]] [[et:Sanskriti keel]] [[eu:Sanskrito]] [[fa:سانسکریت]] [[fi:Sanskrit]] [[fr:Sanskrit]] [[ga:Sanscrait]] [[gl:Sánscrito]] [[he:סנסקריט]] [[hi:संस्कृत भाषा]] [[hr:Sanskrt]] [[hu:Szanszkrit nyelv]] [[ia:Sanscrito]] [[id:Bahasa Sansekerta]] [[io:Sanskrita linguo]] [[it:Lingua sanscrita]] [[ja:サンスクリット]] [[jv:Basa Sansekreta]] [[kn:ಸ೦ಸ್ಕೃತ]] [[ko:산스크리트어]] [[kw:Sanskrytek]] [[la:Lingua Sanscrita]] [[li:Sanskriet]] [[lt:Sanskritas]] [[ms:Bahasa Sanskrit]] [[nds:Sanskrit]] [[nl:Sanskriet]] [[nn:Sanskrit]] [[no:Sanskrit]] [[pl:Sanskryt]] [[pt:Sânscrito]] [[rmy:संस्कृतीकानी छीब]] [[ro:Limba sanscrită]] [[ru:Санскрит]] [[sh:Sanskrt]] [[simple:Sanskrit]] [[sk:Sanskrit]] [[sl:Sanskrt]] [[sr:Санскрит]] [[sv:Sanskrit]] [[ta:சமஸ்கிருதம்]] [[th:ภาษาสันสกฤต]] [[tr:Sanskritçe]] [[uk:Санскрит]] [[ur:سنسکرت]] [[vi:Tiếng Phạn]] [[zh:梵语]] 610 5856 2004-05-02T03:39:08Z Kukkurovaca 6 A couple of questions. (A) Does anyone actually ever intend to use this thing? (B) Does anyone know anything about the nitty-gritty of ITRANS? I ask because I know it has something to do with TeX, and because MediaWiki now has support for mathematical formulae in TeX and will soon have it for hieroglyphics, and it would be nifty to have it for devanagari.[[User:Kukkurovaca|Kukkurovaca]] 03:39, 2 May 2004 (UTC) 611 sysop 5857 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default + 612 sysop 5858 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default n 613 sysop 5859 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default . 614 sysop 5860 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default a 615 sysop 5861 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default v 616 sysop 5862 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default &lt;accesskey-contributions&gt; 617 sysop 5863 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default &lt;accesskey-currentevents&gt; 618 sysop 5864 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default d 619 sysop 5865 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default e 620 sysop 5866 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default &lt;accesskey-emailuser&gt; 621 sysop 5867 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default &lt;accesskey-help&gt; 622 sysop 5868 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default h 623 sysop 5869 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default o 624 sysop 5870 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default o 625 sysop 5871 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default z 626 sysop 5872 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default i 627 sysop 5873 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default m 628 sysop 5874 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default y 629 sysop 5875 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default n 630 sysop 5876 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default &lt;accesskey-portal&gt; 631 sysop 5877 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default &lt;accesskey-preferences&gt; 632 sysop 5878 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default p 633 sysop 5879 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default = 634 sysop 5880 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default x 635 sysop 5881 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default r 636 sysop 5882 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default c 637 sysop 5883 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default s 638 sysop 5884 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default f 639 sysop 5885 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default &lt;accesskey-sitesupport&gt; 640 sysop 5886 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default &lt;accesskey-specialpage&gt; 641 sysop 5887 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default q 642 sysop 5888 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default t 643 sysop 5889 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default d 644 sysop 5890 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default w 645 sysop 5891 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default u 646 sysop 5892 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default . 647 sysop 5893 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default e 648 sysop 5894 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default w 649 sysop 5895 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default l 650 sysop 5896 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default b 651 sysop 5897 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default + 652 sysop 5898 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default and 653 sysop 5899 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Talk for this IP 654 sysop 9181 2005-07-29T11:07:09Z MediaWiki default Anonymous user(s) of {{SITENAME}} 655 sysop 5901 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Content page 656 sysop 5902 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Compare selected versions 657 sysop 5903 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Confirm protection 658 sysop 5904 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Do you really want to protect this page? 659 sysop 5905 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Confirm unprotection 660 sysop 5906 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Do you really want to unprotect this page? 661 sysop 5907 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Content is available under $1. 662 sysop 5908 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Delete 663 sysop 9380 2005-08-19T23:35:41Z MediaWiki default Edit 664 sysop 5910 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Feed: 665 sysop 5911 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default History 666 sysop 5912 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Import pages 667 sysop 5913 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Import failed: $1 668 sysop 5914 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Conflicting history revision exists (may have imported this page before) 669 sysop 5915 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Empty or no text 670 sysop 5916 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Import succeeded! 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[alt-+] 732 sysop 5978 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default Discussion about edits from this ip address [alt-n] 733 sysop 5979 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default The user page for the ip you're editing as [alt-.] 734 sysop 5980 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default View the content page [alt-a] 735 sysop 5981 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default Atom feed for this page 736 sysop 5982 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default See the differences between the two selected versions of this page. [alt-v] 737 sysop 5983 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default View the list of contributions of this user 738 sysop 5984 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default Find background information on current events 739 sysop 5985 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default Delete this page [alt-d] 740 sysop 5986 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default You can edit this page. Please use the preview button before saving. [alt-e] 741 sysop 5987 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default Send a mail to this user 742 sysop 5988 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default The place to find out. 743 sysop 5989 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default Past versions of this page, [alt-h] 744 sysop 5990 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however. [alt-o] 745 sysop 5991 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default Log out [alt-o] 746 sysop 5992 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default Visit the Main Page [alt-z] 747 sysop 5993 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Mark this as a minor edit [alt-i] 748 sysop 5994 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default Move this page [alt-m] 749 sysop 5995 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default List of my contributions [alt-y] 750 sysop 5996 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default My talk page [alt-n] 751 sysop 5997 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default You don't have the permissions to move this page 752 sysop 5998 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default About the project, what you can do, where to find things 753 sysop 5999 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default My preferences 754 sysop 6000 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Preview your changes, please use this before saving! [alt-p] 755 sysop 6001 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default Protect this page [alt-=] 756 sysop 6002 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default Load a random page [alt-x] 757 sysop 6003 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default The list of recent changes in the wiki. [alt-r] 758 sysop 6004 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default Recent changes in pages linking to this page [alt-c] 759 sysop 6005 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default RSS feed for this page 760 sysop 6006 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Save your changes [alt-s] 761 sysop 9232 2005-07-29T11:07:12Z MediaWiki default Search {{SITENAME}} [alt-f] 762 sysop 6008 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default Support Wikipedia 763 sysop 6009 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default This is a special page, you can't edit the page itself. 764 sysop 6010 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default List of all special pages [alt-q] 765 sysop 6011 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default Discussion about the content page [alt-t] 766 sysop 6012 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default Restore $1 deleted edits to this page [alt-d] 767 sysop 6013 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default Remove this page from your watchlist [alt-w] 768 sysop 6014 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default Upload images or media files [alt-u] 769 sysop 6015 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default My user page [alt-.] 770 sysop 6016 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default This page is protected. You can view it's source. [alt-e] 771 sysop 6017 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Add this page to your watchlist [alt-w] 772 sysop 6018 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default The list of pages you're monitoring for changes. [alt-l] 773 sysop 6019 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default List of all wiki pages that link here [alt-b] 774 sysop 10818 2006-07-01T19:06:45Z MediaWiki default Undelete {{PLURAL:$1|one edit|$1 edits}} 775 sysop 9243 2005-07-29T11:07:13Z MediaWiki default unprotect 776 sysop 6022 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Reason for unprotecting 777 sysop 6023 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default (Unprotecting "$1") 778 sysop 6024 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Unwatch 779 sysop 6025 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default <b>User rights for "$1" updated</b> 780 sysop 6026 2004-06-02T09:59:57Z MediaWiki default '''Note:''' After saving, you have to tell your bowser to get the new version: '''Mozilla:''' click ''reload''(or ''ctrl-r''), '''IE / Opera:''' ''ctrl-f5'', '''Safari:''' ''cmd-r'', '''Konqueror''' ''ctrl-r''. 781 sysop 6027 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default <strong>Tip:</strong> Use the 'Show preview' button to test your new CSS/JS before saving. 782 sysop 6028 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default '''Remember that you are only previewing your user CSS, it has not yet been saved!''' 783 sysop 6029 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default '''Remember that you are only testing/previewing your user JavaScript, it has not yet been saved!''' 784 sysop 10262 2006-02-26T02:04:13Z MediaWiki default Mail object returned error: 785 sysop 6031 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Watch 786 sysop 11480 2006-10-25T19:59:02Z MediaWiki default 207 Real name *: 787 6033 2004-06-02T10:01:15Z MediaWiki default {{int:allmessagestext}} <table border=1 width=100%><tr><td> '''Name''' </td><td> '''Default text''' </td><td> '''Current text''' </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:1movedto2&action=edit 1movedto2]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:1movedto2|Talk]] </td><td> $1 moved to $2 </td><td> {{int:1movedto2}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:About&action=edit about]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:About|Talk]] </td><td> About </td><td> {{int:About}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Aboutpage&action=edit aboutpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Aboutpage|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia:About </td><td> {{int:Aboutpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Aboutwikipedia&action=edit aboutwikipedia]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Aboutwikipedia|Talk]] </td><td> About Wikipedia </td><td> {{int:Aboutwikipedia}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-addsection&action=edit accesskey-addsection]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-addsection|Talk]] </td><td> + </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-addsection}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-anontalk&action=edit accesskey-anontalk]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-anontalk|Talk]] </td><td> n </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-anontalk}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-anonuserpage&action=edit accesskey-anonuserpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-anonuserpage|Talk]] </td><td> . </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-anonuserpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-article&action=edit accesskey-article]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-article|Talk]] </td><td> a </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-article}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-compareselectedversions&action=edit accesskey-compareselectedversions]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-compareselectedversions|Talk]] </td><td> v </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-compareselectedversions}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-contributions&action=edit accesskey-contributions]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-contributions|Talk]] </td><td> &amp;lt;accesskey-contributions&amp;gt; </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-contributions}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-currentevents&action=edit accesskey-currentevents]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-currentevents|Talk]] </td><td> &amp;lt;accesskey-currentevents&amp;gt; </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-currentevents}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-delete&action=edit accesskey-delete]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-delete|Talk]] </td><td> d </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-delete}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-edit&action=edit accesskey-edit]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-edit|Talk]] </td><td> e </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-edit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-emailuser&action=edit accesskey-emailuser]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-emailuser|Talk]] </td><td> &amp;lt;accesskey-emailuser&amp;gt; </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-emailuser}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-help&action=edit accesskey-help]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-help|Talk]] </td><td> &amp;lt;accesskey-help&amp;gt; </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-help}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-history&action=edit accesskey-history]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-history|Talk]] </td><td> h </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-history}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-login&action=edit accesskey-login]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-login|Talk]] </td><td> o </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-login}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-logout&action=edit accesskey-logout]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-logout|Talk]] </td><td> o </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-logout}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-mainpage&action=edit accesskey-mainpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-mainpage|Talk]] </td><td> z </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-mainpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-minoredit&action=edit accesskey-minoredit]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-minoredit|Talk]] </td><td> i </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-minoredit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-move&action=edit accesskey-move]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-move|Talk]] </td><td> m </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-move}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-mycontris&action=edit accesskey-mycontris]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-mycontris|Talk]] </td><td> y </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-mycontris}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-mytalk&action=edit accesskey-mytalk]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-mytalk|Talk]] </td><td> n </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-mytalk}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-portal&action=edit accesskey-portal]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-portal|Talk]] </td><td> &amp;lt;accesskey-portal&amp;gt; </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-portal}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-preferences&action=edit accesskey-preferences]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-preferences|Talk]] </td><td> &amp;lt;accesskey-preferences&amp;gt; </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-preferences}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-preview&action=edit accesskey-preview]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-preview|Talk]] </td><td> p </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-preview}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-protect&action=edit accesskey-protect]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-protect|Talk]] </td><td> = </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-protect}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-randompage&action=edit accesskey-randompage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-randompage|Talk]] </td><td> x </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-randompage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-recentchanges&action=edit accesskey-recentchanges]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-recentchanges|Talk]] </td><td> r </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-recentchanges}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-recentchangeslinked&action=edit accesskey-recentchangeslinked]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-recentchangeslinked|Talk]] </td><td> c </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-recentchangeslinked}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-save&action=edit accesskey-save]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-save|Talk]] </td><td> s </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-save}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-search&action=edit accesskey-search]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-search|Talk]] </td><td> f </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-search}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-sitesupport&action=edit accesskey-sitesupport]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-sitesupport|Talk]] </td><td> &amp;lt;accesskey-sitesupport&amp;gt; </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-sitesupport}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-specialpage&action=edit accesskey-specialpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-specialpage|Talk]] </td><td> &amp;lt;accesskey-specialpage&amp;gt; </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-specialpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-specialpages&action=edit accesskey-specialpages]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-specialpages|Talk]] </td><td> q </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-specialpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-talk&action=edit accesskey-talk]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-talk|Talk]] </td><td> t </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-talk}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-undelete&action=edit accesskey-undelete]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-undelete|Talk]] </td><td> d </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-undelete}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-unwatch&action=edit accesskey-unwatch]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-unwatch|Talk]] </td><td> w </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-unwatch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-upload&action=edit accesskey-upload]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-upload|Talk]] </td><td> u </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-upload}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-userpage&action=edit accesskey-userpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-userpage|Talk]] </td><td> . </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-userpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-viewsource&action=edit accesskey-viewsource]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-viewsource|Talk]] </td><td> e </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-viewsource}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-watch&action=edit accesskey-watch]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-watch|Talk]] </td><td> w </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-watch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-watchlist&action=edit accesskey-watchlist]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-watchlist|Talk]] </td><td> l </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-watchlist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accesskey-whatlinkshere&action=edit accesskey-whatlinkshere]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accesskey-whatlinkshere|Talk]] </td><td> b </td><td> {{int:Accesskey-whatlinkshere}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accmailtext&action=edit accmailtext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accmailtext|Talk]] </td><td> The Password for &#39;$1&#39; has been sent to $2. </td><td> {{int:Accmailtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Accmailtitle&action=edit accmailtitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Accmailtitle|Talk]] </td><td> Password sent. </td><td> {{int:Accmailtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Actioncomplete&action=edit actioncomplete]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Actioncomplete|Talk]] </td><td> Action complete </td><td> {{int:Actioncomplete}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Addedwatch&action=edit addedwatch]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Addedwatch|Talk]] </td><td> Added to watchlist </td><td> {{int:Addedwatch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Addedwatchtext&action=edit addedwatchtext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Addedwatchtext|Talk]] </td><td> The page &quot;$1&quot; has been added to your &#91;&#91;Special:Watchlist&#124;watchlist]]. Future changes to this page and its associated Talk page will be listed there, and the page will appear &#39;&#39;&#39;bolded&#39;&#39;&#39; in the &#91;&#91;Special:Recentchanges&#124;list of recent changes]] to make it easier to pick out. &lt;p&gt;If you want to remove the page from your watchlist later, click &quot;Stop watching&quot; in the sidebar. </td><td> {{int:Addedwatchtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Addsection&action=edit addsection]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Addsection|Talk]] </td><td> + </td><td> {{int:Addsection}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Administrators&action=edit administrators]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Administrators|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia:Administrators </td><td> {{int:Administrators}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Affirmation&action=edit affirmation]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Affirmation|Talk]] </td><td> I affirm that the copyright holder of this file agrees to license it under the terms of the $1. </td><td> {{int:Affirmation}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:All&action=edit all]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:All|Talk]] </td><td> all </td><td> {{int:All}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Allmessages&action=edit allmessages]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Allmessages|Talk]] </td><td> All system messages </td><td> {{int:Allmessages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Allmessagestext&action=edit allmessagestext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Allmessagestext|Talk]] </td><td> This is a list of all system messages available in the MediaWiki: namespace. </td><td> {{int:Allmessagestext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Allpages&action=edit allpages]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Allpages|Talk]] </td><td> All pages </td><td> {{int:Allpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Alphaindexline&action=edit alphaindexline]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Alphaindexline|Talk]] </td><td> $1 to $2 </td><td> {{int:Alphaindexline}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Alreadyloggedin&action=edit alreadyloggedin]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Alreadyloggedin|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;font color=red&gt;&lt;b&gt;User $1, you are already logged in!&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br /&gt; </td><td> {{int:Alreadyloggedin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Alreadyrolled&action=edit alreadyrolled]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Alreadyrolled|Talk]] </td><td> Cannot rollback last edit of &#91;&#91;$1]] by &#91;&#91;User:$2&#124;$2]] (&#91;&#91;User talk:$2&#124;Talk]]); someone else has edited or rolled back the page already. Last edit was by &#91;&#91;User:$3&#124;$3]] (&#91;&#91;User talk:$3&#124;Talk]]). </td><td> {{int:Alreadyrolled}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ancientpages&action=edit ancientpages]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Ancientpages|Talk]] </td><td> Oldest pages </td><td> {{int:Ancientpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:And&action=edit and]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:And|Talk]] </td><td> and </td><td> {{int:And}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Anontalk&action=edit anontalk]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Anontalk|Talk]] </td><td> Talk for this IP </td><td> {{int:Anontalk}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Anontalkpagetext&action=edit anontalkpagetext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Anontalkpagetext|Talk]] </td><td> ----&#39;&#39;This is the discussion page for an anonymous user who has not created an account yet or who does not use it. We therefore have to use the numerical &#91;&#91;IP address]] to identify him/her. Such an IP address can be shared by several users. If you are an anonymous user and feel that irrelevant comments have been directed at you, please &#91;&#91;Special:Userlogin&#124;create an account or log in]] to avoid future confusion with other anonymous users.&#39;&#39; </td><td> {{int:Anontalkpagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Anonymous&action=edit anonymous]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Anonymous|Talk]] </td><td> Anonymous user(s) of Wikipedia </td><td> {{int:Anonymous}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Article&action=edit article]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Article|Talk]] </td><td> Content page </td><td> {{int:Article}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Articleexists&action=edit articleexists]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Articleexists|Talk]] </td><td> A page of that name already exists, or the name you have chosen is not valid. Please choose another name. </td><td> {{int:Articleexists}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Articlepage&action=edit articlepage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Articlepage|Talk]] </td><td> View content page </td><td> {{int:Articlepage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Asksql&action=edit asksql]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Asksql|Talk]] </td><td> SQL query </td><td> {{int:Asksql}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Asksqltext&action=edit asksqltext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Asksqltext|Talk]] </td><td> Use the form below to make a direct query of the database. Use single quotes (&#39;like this&#39;) to delimit string literals. This can often add considerable load to the server, so please use this function sparingly. </td><td> {{int:Asksqltext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Autoblocker&action=edit autoblocker]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Autoblocker|Talk]] </td><td> Autoblocked because you share an IP address with &quot;$1&quot;. Reason &quot;$2&quot;. </td><td> {{int:Autoblocker}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badarticleerror&action=edit badarticleerror]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Badarticleerror|Talk]] </td><td> This action cannot be performed on this page. </td><td> {{int:Badarticleerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badfilename&action=edit badfilename]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Badfilename|Talk]] </td><td> Image name has been changed to &quot;$1&quot;. </td><td> {{int:Badfilename}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badfiletype&action=edit badfiletype]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Badfiletype|Talk]] </td><td> &quot;.$1&quot; is not a recommended image file format. </td><td> {{int:Badfiletype}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badipaddress&action=edit badipaddress]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Badipaddress|Talk]] </td><td> Invalid IP address </td><td> {{int:Badipaddress}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badquery&action=edit badquery]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Badquery|Talk]] </td><td> Badly formed search query </td><td> {{int:Badquery}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badquerytext&action=edit badquerytext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Badquerytext|Talk]] </td><td> We could not process your query. This is probably because you have attempted to search for a word fewer than three letters long, which is not yet supported. It could also be that you have mistyped the expression, for example &quot;fish and and scales&quot;. Please try another query. </td><td> {{int:Badquerytext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badretype&action=edit badretype]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Badretype|Talk]] </td><td> The passwords you entered do not match. </td><td> {{int:Badretype}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badtitle&action=edit badtitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Badtitle|Talk]] </td><td> Bad title </td><td> {{int:Badtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Badtitletext&action=edit badtitletext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Badtitletext|Talk]] </td><td> The requested page title was invalid, empty, or an incorrectly linked inter-language or inter-wiki title. </td><td> {{int:Badtitletext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blanknamespace&action=edit blanknamespace]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Blanknamespace|Talk]] </td><td> (Main) </td><td> {{int:Blanknamespace}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockedtext&action=edit blockedtext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Blockedtext|Talk]] </td><td> Your user name or IP address has been blocked by $1. The reason given is this:&lt;br /&gt;&#39;&#39;$2&#39;&#39;&lt;p&gt;You may contact $1 or one of the other &#91;&#91;Wikipedia:Administrators&#124;administrators]] to discuss the block. Note that you may not use the &quot;email this user&quot; feature unless you have a valid email address registered in your &#91;&#91;Special:Preferences&#124;user preferences]]. Your IP address is $3. Please include this address in any queries you make. </td><td> {{int:Blockedtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockedtitle&action=edit blockedtitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Blockedtitle|Talk]] </td><td> User is blocked </td><td> {{int:Blockedtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockip&action=edit blockip]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Blockip|Talk]] </td><td> Block user </td><td> {{int:Blockip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockipsuccesssub&action=edit blockipsuccesssub]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Blockipsuccesssub|Talk]] </td><td> Block succeeded </td><td> {{int:Blockipsuccesssub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockipsuccesstext&action=edit blockipsuccesstext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Blockipsuccesstext|Talk]] </td><td> &quot;$1&quot; has been blocked. &lt;br /&gt;See &#91;&#91;Special:Ipblocklist&#124;IP block list]] to review blocks. </td><td> {{int:Blockipsuccesstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blockiptext&action=edit blockiptext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Blockiptext|Talk]] </td><td> Use the form below to block write access from a specific IP address or username. This should be done only only to prevent vandalism, and in accordance with &#91;&#91;Wikipedia:Policy&#124;policy]]. Fill in a specific reason below (for example, citing particular pages that were vandalized). </td><td> {{int:Blockiptext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklink&action=edit blocklink]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Blocklink|Talk]] </td><td> block </td><td> {{int:Blocklink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklistline&action=edit blocklistline]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Blocklistline|Talk]] </td><td> $1, $2 blocked $3 (expires $4) </td><td> {{int:Blocklistline}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklogentry&action=edit blocklogentry]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Blocklogentry|Talk]] </td><td> blocked &quot;$1&quot; with an expiry time of $2 </td><td> {{int:Blocklogentry}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklogpage&action=edit blocklogpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Blocklogpage|Talk]] </td><td> Block_log </td><td> {{int:Blocklogpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Blocklogtext&action=edit blocklogtext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Blocklogtext|Talk]] </td><td> This is a log of user blocking and unblocking actions. Automatically blocked IP addresses are not be listed. See the &#91;&#91;Special:Ipblocklist&#124;IP block list]] for the list of currently operational bans and blocks. </td><td> {{int:Blocklogtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bold_sample&action=edit bold_sample]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Bold_sample|Talk]] </td><td> Bold text </td><td> {{int:Bold_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bold_tip&action=edit bold_tip]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Bold_tip|Talk]] </td><td> Bold text </td><td> {{int:Bold_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Booksources&action=edit booksources]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Booksources|Talk]] </td><td> Book sources </td><td> {{int:Booksources}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Booksourcetext&action=edit booksourcetext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Booksourcetext|Talk]] </td><td> Below is a list of links to other sites that sell new and used books, and may also have further information about books you are looking for.Wikipedia is not affiliated with any of these businesses, and this list should not be construed as an endorsement. </td><td> {{int:Booksourcetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Brokenredirects&action=edit brokenredirects]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Brokenredirects|Talk]] </td><td> Broken Redirects </td><td> {{int:Brokenredirects}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Brokenredirectstext&action=edit brokenredirectstext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Brokenredirectstext|Talk]] </td><td> The following redirects link to a non-existing pages. </td><td> {{int:Brokenredirectstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bugreports&action=edit bugreports]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Bugreports|Talk]] </td><td> Bug reports </td><td> {{int:Bugreports}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bugreportspage&action=edit bugreportspage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Bugreportspage|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia:Bug_reports </td><td> {{int:Bugreportspage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bureaucratlog&action=edit bureaucratlog]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Bureaucratlog|Talk]] </td><td> Bureaucrat_log </td><td> {{int:Bureaucratlog}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bureaucratlogentry&action=edit bureaucratlogentry]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Bureaucratlogentry|Talk]] </td><td> Rights for user &quot;$1&quot; set &quot;$2&quot; </td><td> {{int:Bureaucratlogentry}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bureaucrattext&action=edit bureaucrattext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Bureaucrattext|Talk]] </td><td> The action you have requested can only be performed by sysops with &quot;bureaucrat&quot; status. </td><td> {{int:Bureaucrattext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bureaucrattitle&action=edit bureaucrattitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Bureaucrattitle|Talk]] </td><td> Bureaucrat access required </td><td> {{int:Bureaucrattitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bydate&action=edit bydate]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Bydate|Talk]] </td><td> by date </td><td> {{int:Bydate}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Byname&action=edit byname]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Byname|Talk]] </td><td> by name </td><td> {{int:Byname}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Bysize&action=edit bysize]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Bysize|Talk]] </td><td> by size </td><td> {{int:Bysize}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cachederror&action=edit cachederror]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Cachederror|Talk]] </td><td> The following is a cached copy of the requested page, and may not be up to date. </td><td> {{int:Cachederror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cancel&action=edit cancel]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Cancel|Talk]] </td><td> Cancel </td><td> {{int:Cancel}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cannotdelete&action=edit cannotdelete]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Cannotdelete|Talk]] </td><td> Could not delete the page or image specified. (It may have already been deleted by someone else.) </td><td> {{int:Cannotdelete}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cantrollback&action=edit cantrollback]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Cantrollback|Talk]] </td><td> Cannot revert edit; last contributor is only author of this page. </td><td> {{int:Cantrollback}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Categories&action=edit categories]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Categories|Talk]] </td><td> Categories </td><td> {{int:Categories}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Category&action=edit category]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Category|Talk]] </td><td> category </td><td> {{int:Category}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Category_header&action=edit category_header]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Category_header|Talk]] </td><td> Articles in category &quot;$1&quot; </td><td> {{int:Category_header}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Changepassword&action=edit changepassword]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Changepassword|Talk]] </td><td> Change password </td><td> {{int:Changepassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Changes&action=edit changes]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Changes|Talk]] </td><td> changes </td><td> {{int:Changes}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Columns&action=edit columns]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Columns|Talk]] </td><td> Columns </td><td> {{int:Columns}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Commentedit&action=edit commentedit]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Commentedit|Talk]] </td><td> (comment) </td><td> {{int:Commentedit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Compareselectedversions&action=edit compareselectedversions]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Compareselectedversions|Talk]] </td><td> Compare selected versions </td><td> {{int:Compareselectedversions}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirm&action=edit confirm]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Confirm|Talk]] </td><td> Confirm </td><td> {{int:Confirm}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmcheck&action=edit confirmcheck]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Confirmcheck|Talk]] </td><td> Yes, I really want to delete this. </td><td> {{int:Confirmcheck}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmdelete&action=edit confirmdelete]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Confirmdelete|Talk]] </td><td> Confirm delete </td><td> {{int:Confirmdelete}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmdeletetext&action=edit confirmdeletetext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Confirmdeletetext|Talk]] </td><td> You are about to permanently delete a page or image along with all of its history from the database. Please confirm that you intend to do this, that you understand the consequences, and that you are doing this in accordance with &#91;&#91;Wikipedia:Policy]]. </td><td> {{int:Confirmdeletetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmprotect&action=edit confirmprotect]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Confirmprotect|Talk]] </td><td> Confirm protection </td><td> {{int:Confirmprotect}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmprotecttext&action=edit confirmprotecttext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Confirmprotecttext|Talk]] </td><td> Do you really want to protect this page? </td><td> {{int:Confirmprotecttext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmunprotect&action=edit confirmunprotect]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Confirmunprotect|Talk]] </td><td> Confirm unprotection </td><td> {{int:Confirmunprotect}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Confirmunprotecttext&action=edit confirmunprotecttext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Confirmunprotecttext|Talk]] </td><td> Do you really want to unprotect this page? </td><td> {{int:Confirmunprotecttext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contextchars&action=edit contextchars]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Contextchars|Talk]] </td><td> Characters of context per line </td><td> {{int:Contextchars}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contextlines&action=edit contextlines]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Contextlines|Talk]] </td><td> Lines to show per hit </td><td> {{int:Contextlines}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contribslink&action=edit contribslink]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Contribslink|Talk]] </td><td> contribs </td><td> {{int:Contribslink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contribsub&action=edit contribsub]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Contribsub|Talk]] </td><td> For $1 </td><td> {{int:Contribsub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Contributions&action=edit contributions]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Contributions|Talk]] </td><td> User contributions </td><td> {{int:Contributions}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Copyright&action=edit copyright]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Copyright|Talk]] </td><td> Content is available under $1. </td><td> {{int:Copyright}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Copyrightpage&action=edit copyrightpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Copyrightpage|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia:Copyrights </td><td> {{int:Copyrightpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Copyrightpagename&action=edit copyrightpagename]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Copyrightpagename|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia copyright </td><td> {{int:Copyrightpagename}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Copyrightwarning&action=edit copyrightwarning]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Copyrightwarning|Talk]] </td><td> Please note that all contributions to Wikipedia are considered to be released under the GNU Free Documentation License (see $1 for details). If you don&#39;t want your writing to be edited mercilessly and redistributed at will, then don&#39;t submit it here.&lt;br /&gt; You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource. &lt;strong&gt;DO NOT SUBMIT COPYRIGHTED WORK WITHOUT PERMISSION!&lt;/strong&gt; </td><td> {{int:Copyrightwarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Couldntremove&action=edit couldntremove]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Couldntremove|Talk]] </td><td> Couldn&#39;t remove item &#39;$1&#39;... </td><td> {{int:Couldntremove}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Createaccount&action=edit createaccount]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Createaccount|Talk]] </td><td> Create new account </td><td> {{int:Createaccount}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Createaccountmail&action=edit createaccountmail]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Createaccountmail|Talk]] </td><td> by email </td><td> {{int:Createaccountmail}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Cur&action=edit cur]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Cur|Talk]] </td><td> cur </td><td> {{int:Cur}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Currentevents&action=edit currentevents]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Currentevents|Talk]] </td><td> Current events </td><td> {{int:Currentevents}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Currentrev&action=edit currentrev]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Currentrev|Talk]] </td><td> Current revision </td><td> {{int:Currentrev}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Databaseerror&action=edit databaseerror]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Databaseerror|Talk]] </td><td> Database error </td><td> {{int:Databaseerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dateformat&action=edit dateformat]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Dateformat|Talk]] </td><td> Date format </td><td> {{int:Dateformat}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dberrortext&action=edit dberrortext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Dberrortext|Talk]] </td><td> A database query syntax error has occurred. This could be because of an illegal search query (see $5), or it may indicate a bug in the software. The last attempted database query was: &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;tt&gt;$1&lt;/tt&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt; from within function &quot;&lt;tt&gt;$2&lt;/tt&gt;&quot;. MySQL returned error &quot;&lt;tt&gt;$3: $4&lt;/tt&gt;&quot;. </td><td> {{int:Dberrortext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dberrortextcl&action=edit dberrortextcl]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Dberrortextcl|Talk]] </td><td> A database query syntax error has occurred. The last attempted database query was: &quot;$1&quot; from within function &quot;$2&quot;. MySQL returned error &quot;$3: $4&quot;. </td><td> {{int:Dberrortextcl}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deadendpages&action=edit deadendpages]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Deadendpages|Talk]] </td><td> Dead-end pages </td><td> {{int:Deadendpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Debug&action=edit debug]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Debug|Talk]] </td><td> Debug </td><td> {{int:Debug}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Defaultns&action=edit defaultns]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Defaultns|Talk]] </td><td> Search in these namespaces by default: </td><td> {{int:Defaultns}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Defemailsubject&action=edit defemailsubject]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Defemailsubject|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia e-mail </td><td> {{int:Defemailsubject}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Delete&action=edit delete]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Delete|Talk]] </td><td> Delete </td><td> {{int:Delete}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletecomment&action=edit deletecomment]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Deletecomment|Talk]] </td><td> Reason for deletion </td><td> {{int:Deletecomment}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletedarticle&action=edit deletedarticle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Deletedarticle|Talk]] </td><td> deleted &quot;$1&quot; </td><td> {{int:Deletedarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletedtext&action=edit deletedtext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Deletedtext|Talk]] </td><td> &quot;$1&quot; has been deleted. See $2 for a record of recent deletions. </td><td> {{int:Deletedtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deleteimg&action=edit deleteimg]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Deleteimg|Talk]] </td><td> del </td><td> {{int:Deleteimg}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletepage&action=edit deletepage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Deletepage|Talk]] </td><td> Delete page </td><td> {{int:Deletepage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletesub&action=edit deletesub]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Deletesub|Talk]] </td><td> (Deleting &quot;$1&quot;) </td><td> {{int:Deletesub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletethispage&action=edit deletethispage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Deletethispage|Talk]] </td><td> Delete this page </td><td> {{int:Deletethispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Deletionlog&action=edit deletionlog]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Deletionlog|Talk]] </td><td> deletion log </td><td> {{int:Deletionlog}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dellogpage&action=edit dellogpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Dellogpage|Talk]] </td><td> Deletion_log </td><td> {{int:Dellogpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Dellogpagetext&action=edit dellogpagetext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Dellogpagetext|Talk]] </td><td> Below is a list of the most recent deletions. All times shown are server time (UTC). &lt;ul&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; </td><td> {{int:Dellogpagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Developerspheading&action=edit developerspheading]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Developerspheading|Talk]] </td><td> For developer use only </td><td> {{int:Developerspheading}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Developertext&action=edit developertext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Developertext|Talk]] </td><td> The action you have requested can only be performed by users with &quot;developer&quot; status. See $1. </td><td> {{int:Developertext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Developertitle&action=edit developertitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Developertitle|Talk]] </td><td> Developer access required </td><td> {{int:Developertitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Diff&action=edit diff]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Diff|Talk]] </td><td> diff </td><td> {{int:Diff}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Difference&action=edit difference]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Difference|Talk]] </td><td> (Difference between revisions) </td><td> {{int:Difference}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disambiguations&action=edit disambiguations]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Disambiguations|Talk]] </td><td> Disambiguation pages </td><td> {{int:Disambiguations}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disambiguationspage&action=edit disambiguationspage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Disambiguationspage|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia:Links_to_disambiguating_pages </td><td> {{int:Disambiguationspage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disambiguationstext&action=edit disambiguationstext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Disambiguationstext|Talk]] </td><td> The following pages link to a &lt;i&gt;disambiguation page&lt;/i&gt;. They should link to the appropriate topic instead.&lt;br /&gt;A page is treated as dismbiguation if it is linked from $1.&lt;br /&gt;Links from other namespaces are &lt;i&gt;not&lt;/i&gt; listed here. </td><td> {{int:Disambiguationstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disclaimerpage&action=edit disclaimerpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Disclaimerpage|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia:General_disclaimer </td><td> {{int:Disclaimerpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Disclaimers&action=edit disclaimers]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Disclaimers|Talk]] </td><td> Disclaimers </td><td> {{int:Disclaimers}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Doubleredirects&action=edit doubleredirects]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Doubleredirects|Talk]] </td><td> Double Redirects </td><td> {{int:Doubleredirects}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Doubleredirectstext&action=edit doubleredirectstext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Doubleredirectstext|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;b&gt;Attention:&lt;/b&gt; This list may contain false positives. That usually means there is additional text with links below the first #REDIRECT.&lt;br /&gt; Each row contains links to the first and second redirect, as well as the first line of the second redirect text, usually giving the &quot;real&quot; target page, which the first redirect should point to. </td><td> {{int:Doubleredirectstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Edit&action=edit edit]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Edit|Talk]] </td><td> Edit </td><td> {{int:Edit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editcomment&action=edit editcomment]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Editcomment|Talk]] </td><td> The edit comment was: &quot;&lt;i&gt;$1&lt;/i&gt;&quot;. </td><td> {{int:Editcomment}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editconflict&action=edit editconflict]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Editconflict|Talk]] </td><td> Edit conflict: $1 </td><td> {{int:Editconflict}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editcurrent&action=edit editcurrent]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Editcurrent|Talk]] </td><td> Edit the current version of this page </td><td> {{int:Editcurrent}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Edithelp&action=edit edithelp]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Edithelp|Talk]] </td><td> Editing help </td><td> {{int:Edithelp}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Edithelppage&action=edit edithelppage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Edithelppage|Talk]] </td><td> Help:Editing </td><td> {{int:Edithelppage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editing&action=edit editing]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Editing|Talk]] </td><td> Editing $1 </td><td> {{int:Editing}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editingold&action=edit editingold]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Editingold|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;strong&gt;WARNING: You are editing an out-of-date revision of this page. If you save it, any changes made since this revision will be lost.&lt;/strong&gt; </td><td> {{int:Editingold}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editsection&action=edit editsection]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Editsection|Talk]] </td><td> edit </td><td> {{int:Editsection}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Editthispage&action=edit editthispage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Editthispage|Talk]] </td><td> Edit this page </td><td> {{int:Editthispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailflag&action=edit emailflag]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailflag|Talk]] </td><td> Disable e-mail from other users </td><td> {{int:Emailflag}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailforlost&action=edit emailforlost]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailforlost|Talk]] </td><td> Fields marked with a star (*) are optional. Storing an email address enables people to contact you through the website without you having to reveal your email address to them, and it can be used to send you a new password if you forget it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Your real name, if you choose to provide it, will be used for giving you attribution for your work. </td><td> {{int:Emailforlost}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailfrom&action=edit emailfrom]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailfrom|Talk]] </td><td> From </td><td> {{int:Emailfrom}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailmessage&action=edit emailmessage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailmessage|Talk]] </td><td> Message </td><td> {{int:Emailmessage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailpage&action=edit emailpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailpage|Talk]] </td><td> E-mail user </td><td> {{int:Emailpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailpagetext&action=edit emailpagetext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailpagetext|Talk]] </td><td> If this user has entered a valid e-mail address in his or her user preferences, the form below will send a single message. The e-mail address you entered in your user preferences will appear as the &quot;From&quot; address of the mail, so the recipient will be able to reply. </td><td> {{int:Emailpagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailsend&action=edit emailsend]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailsend|Talk]] </td><td> Send </td><td> {{int:Emailsend}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailsent&action=edit emailsent]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailsent|Talk]] </td><td> E-mail sent </td><td> {{int:Emailsent}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailsenttext&action=edit emailsenttext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailsenttext|Talk]] </td><td> Your e-mail message has been sent. </td><td> {{int:Emailsenttext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailsubject&action=edit emailsubject]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailsubject|Talk]] </td><td> Subject </td><td> {{int:Emailsubject}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailto&action=edit emailto]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailto|Talk]] </td><td> To </td><td> {{int:Emailto}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Emailuser&action=edit emailuser]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Emailuser|Talk]] </td><td> E-mail this user </td><td> {{int:Emailuser}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Enterlockreason&action=edit enterlockreason]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Enterlockreason|Talk]] </td><td> Enter a reason for the lock, including an estimate of when the lock will be released </td><td> {{int:Enterlockreason}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Error&action=edit error]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Error|Talk]] </td><td> Error </td><td> {{int:Error}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Errorpagetitle&action=edit errorpagetitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Errorpagetitle|Talk]] </td><td> Error </td><td> {{int:Errorpagetitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Exbeforeblank&action=edit exbeforeblank]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Exbeforeblank|Talk]] </td><td> content before blanking was: </td><td> {{int:Exbeforeblank}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Exblank&action=edit exblank]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Exblank|Talk]] </td><td> page was empty </td><td> {{int:Exblank}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Excontent&action=edit excontent]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Excontent|Talk]] </td><td> content was: </td><td> {{int:Excontent}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Explainconflict&action=edit explainconflict]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Explainconflict|Talk]] </td><td> Someone else has changed this page since you started editing it. The upper text area contains the page text as it currently exists. Your changes are shown in the lower text area. You will have to merge your changes into the existing text. &lt;b&gt;Only&lt;/b&gt; the text in the upper text area will be saved when you press &quot;Save page&quot;. &lt;p&gt; </td><td> {{int:Explainconflict}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Export&action=edit export]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Export|Talk]] </td><td> Export pages </td><td> {{int:Export}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Exportcuronly&action=edit exportcuronly]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Exportcuronly|Talk]] </td><td> Include only the current revision, not the full history </td><td> {{int:Exportcuronly}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Exporttext&action=edit exporttext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Exporttext|Talk]] </td><td> You can export the text and editing history of a particular page or set of pages wrapped in some XML; this can then be imported into another wiki running MediaWiki software, transformed, or just kept for your private amusement. </td><td> {{int:Exporttext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Extlink_sample&action=edit extlink_sample]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Extlink_sample|Talk]] </td><td> http&#58;//www.example.com link title </td><td> {{int:Extlink_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Extlink_tip&action=edit extlink_tip]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Extlink_tip|Talk]] </td><td> External link (remember http&#58;// prefix) </td><td> {{int:Extlink_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Faq&action=edit faq]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Faq|Talk]] </td><td> FAQ </td><td> {{int:Faq}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Faqpage&action=edit faqpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Faqpage|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia:FAQ </td><td> {{int:Faqpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Feedlinks&action=edit feedlinks]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Feedlinks|Talk]] </td><td> Feed: </td><td> {{int:Feedlinks}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filecopyerror&action=edit filecopyerror]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Filecopyerror|Talk]] </td><td> Could not copy file &quot;$1&quot; to &quot;$2&quot;. </td><td> {{int:Filecopyerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filedeleteerror&action=edit filedeleteerror]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Filedeleteerror|Talk]] </td><td> Could not delete file &quot;$1&quot;. </td><td> {{int:Filedeleteerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filedesc&action=edit filedesc]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Filedesc|Talk]] </td><td> Summary </td><td> {{int:Filedesc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filename&action=edit filename]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Filename|Talk]] </td><td> Filename </td><td> {{int:Filename}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filenotfound&action=edit filenotfound]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Filenotfound|Talk]] </td><td> Could not find file &quot;$1&quot;. </td><td> {{int:Filenotfound}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filerenameerror&action=edit filerenameerror]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Filerenameerror|Talk]] </td><td> Could not rename file &quot;$1&quot; to &quot;$2&quot;. </td><td> {{int:Filerenameerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filesource&action=edit filesource]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Filesource|Talk]] </td><td> Source </td><td> {{int:Filesource}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Filestatus&action=edit filestatus]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Filestatus|Talk]] </td><td> Copyright status </td><td> {{int:Filestatus}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Fileuploaded&action=edit fileuploaded]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Fileuploaded|Talk]] </td><td> File &quot;$1&quot; uploaded successfully. Please follow this link: $2 to the description page and fill in information about the file, such as where it came from, when it was created and by whom, and anything else you may know about it. </td><td> {{int:Fileuploaded}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Formerror&action=edit formerror]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Formerror|Talk]] </td><td> Error: could not submit form </td><td> {{int:Formerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Fromwikipedia&action=edit fromwikipedia]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Fromwikipedia|Talk]] </td><td> From Wikipedia </td><td> {{int:Fromwikipedia}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Getimagelist&action=edit getimagelist]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Getimagelist|Talk]] </td><td> fetching image list </td><td> {{int:Getimagelist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Go&action=edit go]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Go|Talk]] </td><td> Go </td><td> {{int:Go}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Googlesearch&action=edit googlesearch]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Googlesearch|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;!-- SiteSearch Google --&gt; &lt;FORM method=GET action=&quot;http&#58;//www.google.com/search&quot;&gt; &lt;TABLE bgcolor=&quot;#FFFFFF&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt; &lt;A HREF=&quot;http&#58;//www.google.com/&quot;&gt; &lt;IMG SRC=&quot;http&#58;//www.google.com/logos/Logo_40wht.gif&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; ALT=&quot;Google&quot;&gt;&lt;/A&gt; &lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt; &lt;INPUT TYPE=text name=q size=31 maxlength=255 value=&quot;$1&quot;&gt; &lt;INPUT type=submit name=btnG VALUE=&quot;Google Search&quot;&gt; &lt;font size=-1&gt; &lt;input type=hidden name=domains value=&quot;{{SERVER}}&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;input type=radio name=sitesearch value=&quot;&quot;&gt; WWW &lt;input type=radio name=sitesearch value=&quot;{{SERVER}}&quot; checked&gt; {{SERVER}} &lt;br /&gt; &lt;input type=&#39;hidden&#39; name=&#39;ie&#39; value=&#39;$2&#39;&gt; &lt;input type=&#39;hidden&#39; name=&#39;oe&#39; value=&#39;$2&#39;&gt; &lt;/font&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/TABLE&gt; &lt;/FORM&gt; &lt;!-- SiteSearch Google --&gt; </td><td> {{int:Googlesearch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Guesstimezone&action=edit guesstimezone]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Guesstimezone|Talk]] </td><td> Fill in from browser </td><td> {{int:Guesstimezone}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Headline_sample&action=edit headline_sample]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Headline_sample|Talk]] </td><td> Headline text </td><td> {{int:Headline_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Headline_tip&action=edit headline_tip]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Headline_tip|Talk]] </td><td> Level 2 headline </td><td> {{int:Headline_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Help&action=edit help]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Help|Talk]] </td><td> Help </td><td> {{int:Help}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Helppage&action=edit helppage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Helppage|Talk]] </td><td> Help:Contents </td><td> {{int:Helppage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Hide&action=edit hide]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Hide|Talk]] </td><td> hide </td><td> {{int:Hide}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Hidetoc&action=edit hidetoc]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Hidetoc|Talk]] </td><td> hide </td><td> {{int:Hidetoc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Hist&action=edit hist]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Hist|Talk]] </td><td> hist </td><td> {{int:Hist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Histlegend&action=edit histlegend]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Histlegend|Talk]] </td><td> Diff selection: mark the radio boxes of the versions to compare and hit enter or the button at the bottom.&lt;br/&gt; Legend: (cur) = difference with current version, (last) = difference with preceding version, M = minor edit. </td><td> {{int:Histlegend}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:History&action=edit history]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:History|Talk]] </td><td> Page history </td><td> {{int:History}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:History_short&action=edit history_short]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:History_short|Talk]] </td><td> History </td><td> {{int:History_short}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Historywarning&action=edit historywarning]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Historywarning|Talk]] </td><td> Warning: The page you are about to delete has a history: </td><td> {{int:Historywarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Hr_tip&action=edit hr_tip]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Hr_tip|Talk]] </td><td> Horizontal line (use sparingly) </td><td> {{int:Hr_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ignorewarning&action=edit ignorewarning]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Ignorewarning|Talk]] </td><td> Ignore warning and save file anyway. </td><td> {{int:Ignorewarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ilshowmatch&action=edit ilshowmatch]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Ilshowmatch|Talk]] </td><td> Show all images with names matching </td><td> {{int:Ilshowmatch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ilsubmit&action=edit ilsubmit]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Ilsubmit|Talk]] </td><td> Search </td><td> {{int:Ilsubmit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Image_sample&action=edit image_sample]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Image_sample|Talk]] </td><td> Example.jpg </td><td> {{int:Image_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Image_tip&action=edit image_tip]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Image_tip|Talk]] </td><td> Embedded image </td><td> {{int:Image_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagelinks&action=edit imagelinks]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Imagelinks|Talk]] </td><td> Image links </td><td> {{int:Imagelinks}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagelist&action=edit imagelist]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Imagelist|Talk]] </td><td> Image list </td><td> {{int:Imagelist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagelisttext&action=edit imagelisttext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Imagelisttext|Talk]] </td><td> Below is a list of $1 images sorted $2. </td><td> {{int:Imagelisttext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagepage&action=edit imagepage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Imagepage|Talk]] </td><td> View image page </td><td> {{int:Imagepage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imagereverted&action=edit imagereverted]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Imagereverted|Talk]] </td><td> Revert to earlier version was successful. </td><td> {{int:Imagereverted}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imgdelete&action=edit imgdelete]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Imgdelete|Talk]] </td><td> del </td><td> {{int:Imgdelete}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imgdesc&action=edit imgdesc]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Imgdesc|Talk]] </td><td> desc </td><td> {{int:Imgdesc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imghistlegend&action=edit imghistlegend]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Imghistlegend|Talk]] </td><td> Legend: (cur) = this is the current image, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;Click on date to see image uploaded on that date&lt;/i&gt;. </td><td> {{int:Imghistlegend}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imghistory&action=edit imghistory]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Imghistory|Talk]] </td><td> Image history </td><td> {{int:Imghistory}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Imglegend&action=edit imglegend]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Imglegend|Talk]] </td><td> Legend: (desc) = show/edit image description. </td><td> {{int:Imglegend}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Import&action=edit import]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Import|Talk]] </td><td> Import pages </td><td> {{int:Import}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Importfailed&action=edit importfailed]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Importfailed|Talk]] </td><td> Import failed: $1 </td><td> {{int:Importfailed}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Importhistoryconflict&action=edit importhistoryconflict]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Importhistoryconflict|Talk]] </td><td> Conflicting history revision exists (may have imported this page before) </td><td> {{int:Importhistoryconflict}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Importnotext&action=edit importnotext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Importnotext|Talk]] </td><td> Empty or no text </td><td> {{int:Importnotext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Importsuccess&action=edit importsuccess]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Importsuccess|Talk]] </td><td> Import succeeded! </td><td> {{int:Importsuccess}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Importtext&action=edit importtext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Importtext|Talk]] </td><td> Please export the file from the source wiki using the Special:Export utility, save it to your disk and upload it here. </td><td> {{int:Importtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Infobox&action=edit infobox]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Infobox|Talk]] </td><td> Click a button to get an example text </td><td> {{int:Infobox}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Infobox_alert&action=edit infobox_alert]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Infobox_alert|Talk]] </td><td> Please enter the text you want to be formatted.\n It will be shown in the infobox for copy and pasting.\nExample:\n$1\nwill become:\n$2 </td><td> {{int:Infobox_alert}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Internalerror&action=edit internalerror]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Internalerror|Talk]] </td><td> Internal error </td><td> {{int:Internalerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Intl&action=edit intl]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Intl|Talk]] </td><td> Interlanguage links </td><td> {{int:Intl}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ip_range_invalid&action=edit ip_range_invalid]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Ip_range_invalid|Talk]] </td><td> Invalid IP range. </td><td> {{int:Ip_range_invalid}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipaddress&action=edit ipaddress]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Ipaddress|Talk]] </td><td> IP Address/username </td><td> {{int:Ipaddress}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipb_expiry_invalid&action=edit ipb_expiry_invalid]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Ipb_expiry_invalid|Talk]] </td><td> Expiry time invalid. </td><td> {{int:Ipb_expiry_invalid}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipbexpiry&action=edit ipbexpiry]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Ipbexpiry|Talk]] </td><td> Expiry </td><td> {{int:Ipbexpiry}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipblocklist&action=edit ipblocklist]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Ipblocklist|Talk]] </td><td> List of blocked IP addresses and usernames </td><td> {{int:Ipblocklist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipbreason&action=edit ipbreason]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Ipbreason|Talk]] </td><td> Reason </td><td> {{int:Ipbreason}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipbsubmit&action=edit ipbsubmit]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Ipbsubmit|Talk]] </td><td> Block this user </td><td> {{int:Ipbsubmit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipusubmit&action=edit ipusubmit]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Ipusubmit|Talk]] </td><td> Unblock this address </td><td> {{int:Ipusubmit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ipusuccess&action=edit ipusuccess]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Ipusuccess|Talk]] </td><td> &quot;$1&quot; unblocked </td><td> {{int:Ipusuccess}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Isbn&action=edit isbn]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Isbn|Talk]] </td><td> ISBN </td><td> {{int:Isbn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Isredirect&action=edit isredirect]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Isredirect|Talk]] </td><td> redirect page </td><td> {{int:Isredirect}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Italic_sample&action=edit italic_sample]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Italic_sample|Talk]] </td><td> Italic text </td><td> {{int:Italic_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Italic_tip&action=edit italic_tip]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Italic_tip|Talk]] </td><td> Italic text </td><td> {{int:Italic_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Iteminvalidname&action=edit iteminvalidname]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Iteminvalidname|Talk]] </td><td> Problem with item &#39;$1&#39;, invalid name... </td><td> {{int:Iteminvalidname}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Largefile&action=edit largefile]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Largefile|Talk]] </td><td> It is recommended that images not exceed 100k in size. </td><td> {{int:Largefile}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Last&action=edit last]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Last|Talk]] </td><td> last </td><td> {{int:Last}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lastmodified&action=edit lastmodified]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Lastmodified|Talk]] </td><td> This page was last modified $1. </td><td> {{int:Lastmodified}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lastmodifiedby&action=edit lastmodifiedby]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Lastmodifiedby|Talk]] </td><td> This page was last modified $1 by $2. </td><td> {{int:Lastmodifiedby}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lineno&action=edit lineno]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Lineno|Talk]] </td><td> Line $1: </td><td> {{int:Lineno}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Link_sample&action=edit link_sample]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Link_sample|Talk]] </td><td> Link title </td><td> {{int:Link_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Link_tip&action=edit link_tip]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Link_tip|Talk]] </td><td> Internal link </td><td> {{int:Link_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Linklistsub&action=edit linklistsub]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Linklistsub|Talk]] </td><td> (List of links) </td><td> {{int:Linklistsub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Linkshere&action=edit linkshere]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Linkshere|Talk]] </td><td> The following pages link to here: </td><td> {{int:Linkshere}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Linkstoimage&action=edit linkstoimage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Linkstoimage|Talk]] </td><td> The following pages link to this image: </td><td> {{int:Linkstoimage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Linktrail&action=edit linktrail]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Linktrail|Talk]] </td><td> /^(&#91;a-z]+)(.*)$/sD </td><td> {{int:Linktrail}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Listform&action=edit listform]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Listform|Talk]] </td><td> list </td><td> {{int:Listform}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Listusers&action=edit listusers]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Listusers|Talk]] </td><td> User list </td><td> {{int:Listusers}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loadhist&action=edit loadhist]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Loadhist|Talk]] </td><td> Loading page history </td><td> {{int:Loadhist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loadingrev&action=edit loadingrev]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Loadingrev|Talk]] </td><td> loading revision for diff </td><td> {{int:Loadingrev}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Localtime&action=edit localtime]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Localtime|Talk]] </td><td> Local time display </td><td> {{int:Localtime}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockbtn&action=edit lockbtn]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Lockbtn|Talk]] </td><td> Lock database </td><td> {{int:Lockbtn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockconfirm&action=edit lockconfirm]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Lockconfirm|Talk]] </td><td> Yes, I really want to lock the database. </td><td> {{int:Lockconfirm}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockdb&action=edit lockdb]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Lockdb|Talk]] </td><td> Lock database </td><td> {{int:Lockdb}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockdbsuccesssub&action=edit lockdbsuccesssub]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Lockdbsuccesssub|Talk]] </td><td> Database lock succeeded </td><td> {{int:Lockdbsuccesssub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockdbsuccesstext&action=edit lockdbsuccesstext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Lockdbsuccesstext|Talk]] </td><td> The database has been locked. &lt;br /&gt;Remember to remove the lock after your maintenance is complete. </td><td> {{int:Lockdbsuccesstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lockdbtext&action=edit lockdbtext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Lockdbtext|Talk]] </td><td> Locking the database will suspend the ability of all users to edit pages, change their preferences, edit their watchlists, and other things requiring changes in the database. Please confirm that this is what you intend to do, and that you will unlock the database when your maintenance is done. </td><td> {{int:Lockdbtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Locknoconfirm&action=edit locknoconfirm]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Locknoconfirm|Talk]] </td><td> You did not check the confirmation box. </td><td> {{int:Locknoconfirm}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Login&action=edit login]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Login|Talk]] </td><td> Log in </td><td> {{int:Login}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginend&action=edit loginend]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Loginend|Talk]] </td><td> &amp;nbsp; </td><td> {{int:Loginend}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginerror&action=edit loginerror]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Loginerror|Talk]] </td><td> Login error </td><td> {{int:Loginerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginpagetitle&action=edit loginpagetitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Loginpagetitle|Talk]] </td><td> User login </td><td> {{int:Loginpagetitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginproblem&action=edit loginproblem]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Loginproblem|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;b&gt;There has been a problem with your login.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Try again! </td><td> {{int:Loginproblem}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginprompt&action=edit loginprompt]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Loginprompt|Talk]] </td><td> You must have cookies enabled to log in to Wikipedia. </td><td> {{int:Loginprompt}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginreqtext&action=edit loginreqtext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Loginreqtext|Talk]] </td><td> You must &#91;&#91;special:Userlogin&#124;login]] to view other pages. </td><td> {{int:Loginreqtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginreqtitle&action=edit loginreqtitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Loginreqtitle|Talk]] </td><td> Login Required </td><td> {{int:Loginreqtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginsuccess&action=edit loginsuccess]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Loginsuccess|Talk]] </td><td> You are now logged in to Wikipedia as &quot;$1&quot;. </td><td> {{int:Loginsuccess}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Loginsuccesstitle&action=edit loginsuccesstitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Loginsuccesstitle|Talk]] </td><td> Login successful </td><td> {{int:Loginsuccesstitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Logout&action=edit logout]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Logout|Talk]] </td><td> Log out </td><td> {{int:Logout}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Logouttext&action=edit logouttext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Logouttext|Talk]] </td><td> You are now logged out. You can continue to use Wikipedia anonymously, or you can log in again as the same or as a different user. Note that some pages may continue to be displayed as if you were still logged in, until you clear your browser cache </td><td> {{int:Logouttext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Logouttitle&action=edit logouttitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Logouttitle|Talk]] </td><td> User logout </td><td> {{int:Logouttitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Lonelypages&action=edit lonelypages]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Lonelypages|Talk]] </td><td> Orphaned pages </td><td> {{int:Lonelypages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Longpages&action=edit longpages]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Longpages|Talk]] </td><td> Long pages </td><td> {{int:Longpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Longpagewarning&action=edit longpagewarning]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Longpagewarning|Talk]] </td><td> WARNING: This page is $1 kilobytes long; some browsers may have problems editing pages approaching or longer than 32kb. Please consider breaking the page into smaller sections. </td><td> {{int:Longpagewarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mailerror&action=edit mailerror]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Mailerror|Talk]] </td><td> Error sending mail: $1 </td><td> {{int:Mailerror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mailmypassword&action=edit mailmypassword]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Mailmypassword|Talk]] </td><td> Mail me a new password </td><td> {{int:Mailmypassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mailnologin&action=edit mailnologin]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Mailnologin|Talk]] </td><td> No send address </td><td> {{int:Mailnologin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mailnologintext&action=edit mailnologintext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Mailnologintext|Talk]] </td><td> You must be &lt;a href=&quot;{{localurl:Special:Userlogin&quot;&gt;logged in&lt;/a&gt; and have a valid e-mail address in your &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Special:Preferences&quot;&gt;preferences&lt;/a&gt; to send e-mail to other users. </td><td> {{int:Mailnologintext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mainpage&action=edit mainpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Mainpage|Talk]] </td><td> Main Page </td><td> {{int:Mainpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mainpagedocfooter&action=edit mainpagedocfooter]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Mainpagedocfooter|Talk]] </td><td> Please see &#91;http&#58;//meta.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki_i18n documentation on customizing the interface] and the &#91;http&#58;//meta.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki_User%27s_Guide User&#39;s Guide] for usage and configuration help. </td><td> {{int:Mainpagedocfooter}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mainpagetext&action=edit mainpagetext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Mainpagetext|Talk]] </td><td> Wiki software successfully installed. </td><td> {{int:Mainpagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Maintenance&action=edit maintenance]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Maintenance|Talk]] </td><td> Maintenance page </td><td> {{int:Maintenance}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Maintenancebacklink&action=edit maintenancebacklink]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Maintenancebacklink|Talk]] </td><td> Back to Maintenance Page </td><td> {{int:Maintenancebacklink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Maintnancepagetext&action=edit maintnancepagetext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Maintnancepagetext|Talk]] </td><td> This page includes several handy tools for everyday maintenance. Some of these functions tend to stress the database, so please do not hit reload after every item you fixed ;-) </td><td> {{int:Maintnancepagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysop&action=edit makesysop]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Makesysop|Talk]] </td><td> Make a user into a sysop </td><td> {{int:Makesysop}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysopfail&action=edit makesysopfail]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Makesysopfail|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;b&gt;User &quot;$1&quot; could not be made into a sysop. (Did you enter the name correctly?)&lt;/b&gt; </td><td> {{int:Makesysopfail}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysopname&action=edit makesysopname]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Makesysopname|Talk]] </td><td> Name of the user: </td><td> {{int:Makesysopname}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysopok&action=edit makesysopok]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Makesysopok|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;b&gt;User &quot;$1&quot; is now a sysop&lt;/b&gt; </td><td> {{int:Makesysopok}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysopsubmit&action=edit makesysopsubmit]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Makesysopsubmit|Talk]] </td><td> Make this user into a sysop </td><td> {{int:Makesysopsubmit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysoptext&action=edit makesysoptext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Makesysoptext|Talk]] </td><td> This form is used by bureaucrats to turn ordinary users into administrators. Type the name of the user in the box and press the button to make the user an administrator </td><td> {{int:Makesysoptext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Makesysoptitle&action=edit makesysoptitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Makesysoptitle|Talk]] </td><td> Make a user into a sysop </td><td> {{int:Makesysoptitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Matchtotals&action=edit matchtotals]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Matchtotals|Talk]] </td><td> The query &quot;$1&quot; matched $2 page titles and the text of $3 pages. </td><td> {{int:Matchtotals}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math&action=edit math]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Math|Talk]] </td><td> Rendering math </td><td> {{int:Math}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_bad_output&action=edit math_bad_output]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_bad_output|Talk]] </td><td> Can&#39;t write to or create math output directory </td><td> {{int:Math_bad_output}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_bad_tmpdir&action=edit math_bad_tmpdir]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_bad_tmpdir|Talk]] </td><td> Can&#39;t write to or create math temp directory </td><td> {{int:Math_bad_tmpdir}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_failure&action=edit math_failure]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_failure|Talk]] </td><td> Failed to parse </td><td> {{int:Math_failure}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_image_error&action=edit math_image_error]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_image_error|Talk]] </td><td> PNG conversion failed; check for correct installation of latex, dvips, gs, and convert </td><td> {{int:Math_image_error}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_lexing_error&action=edit math_lexing_error]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_lexing_error|Talk]] </td><td> lexing error </td><td> {{int:Math_lexing_error}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_notexvc&action=edit math_notexvc]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_notexvc|Talk]] </td><td> Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure. </td><td> {{int:Math_notexvc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_sample&action=edit math_sample]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_sample|Talk]] </td><td> Insert formula here </td><td> {{int:Math_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_syntax_error&action=edit math_syntax_error]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_syntax_error|Talk]] </td><td> syntax error </td><td> {{int:Math_syntax_error}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_tip&action=edit math_tip]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_tip|Talk]] </td><td> Mathematical formula (LaTeX) </td><td> {{int:Math_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_unknown_error&action=edit math_unknown_error]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_unknown_error|Talk]] </td><td> unknown error </td><td> {{int:Math_unknown_error}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Math_unknown_function&action=edit math_unknown_function]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Math_unknown_function|Talk]] </td><td> unknown function </td><td> {{int:Math_unknown_function}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Media_sample&action=edit media_sample]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Media_sample|Talk]] </td><td> Example.mp3 </td><td> {{int:Media_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Media_tip&action=edit media_tip]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Media_tip|Talk]] </td><td> Media file link </td><td> {{int:Media_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Minlength&action=edit minlength]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Minlength|Talk]] </td><td> Image names must be at least three letters. </td><td> {{int:Minlength}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Minoredit&action=edit minoredit]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Minoredit|Talk]] </td><td> This is a minor edit </td><td> {{int:Minoredit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Minoreditletter&action=edit minoreditletter]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Minoreditletter|Talk]] </td><td> M </td><td> {{int:Minoreditletter}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mispeelings&action=edit mispeelings]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Mispeelings|Talk]] </td><td> Pages with misspellings </td><td> {{int:Mispeelings}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mispeelingspage&action=edit mispeelingspage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Mispeelingspage|Talk]] </td><td> List of common misspellings </td><td> {{int:Mispeelingspage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mispeelingstext&action=edit mispeelingstext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Mispeelingstext|Talk]] </td><td> The following pages contain a common misspelling, which are listed on $1. The correct spelling might be given (like this). </td><td> {{int:Mispeelingstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Missingarticle&action=edit missingarticle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Missingarticle|Talk]] </td><td> The database did not find the text of a page that it should have found, named &quot;$1&quot;. &lt;p&gt;This is usually caused by following an outdated diff or history link to a page that has been deleted. &lt;p&gt;If this is not the case, you may have found a bug in the software. Please report this to an administrator, making note of the URL. </td><td> {{int:Missingarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Missingimage&action=edit missingimage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Missingimage|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;b&gt;Missing image&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;$1&lt;/i&gt; </td><td> {{int:Missingimage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Missinglanguagelinks&action=edit missinglanguagelinks]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Missinglanguagelinks|Talk]] </td><td> Missing Language Links </td><td> {{int:Missinglanguagelinks}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Missinglanguagelinksbutton&action=edit missinglanguagelinksbutton]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Missinglanguagelinksbutton|Talk]] </td><td> Find missing language links for </td><td> {{int:Missinglanguagelinksbutton}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Missinglanguagelinkstext&action=edit missinglanguagelinkstext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Missinglanguagelinkstext|Talk]] </td><td> These pages do &lt;i&gt;not&lt;/i&gt; link to their counterpart in $1. Redirects and subpages are &lt;i&gt;not&lt;/i&gt; shown. </td><td> {{int:Missinglanguagelinkstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Moredotdotdot&action=edit moredotdotdot]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Moredotdotdot|Talk]] </td><td> More... </td><td> {{int:Moredotdotdot}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Move&action=edit move]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Move|Talk]] </td><td> Move </td><td> {{int:Move}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movearticle&action=edit movearticle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Movearticle|Talk]] </td><td> Move page </td><td> {{int:Movearticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movedto&action=edit movedto]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Movedto|Talk]] </td><td> moved to </td><td> {{int:Movedto}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movenologin&action=edit movenologin]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Movenologin|Talk]] </td><td> Not logged in </td><td> {{int:Movenologin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movenologintext&action=edit movenologintext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Movenologintext|Talk]] </td><td> You must be a registered user and &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Special:Userlogin&quot;&gt;logged in&lt;/a&gt; to move a page. </td><td> {{int:Movenologintext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movepage&action=edit movepage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Movepage|Talk]] </td><td> Move page </td><td> {{int:Movepage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movepagebtn&action=edit movepagebtn]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Movepagebtn|Talk]] </td><td> Move page </td><td> {{int:Movepagebtn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movepagetalktext&action=edit movepagetalktext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Movepagetalktext|Talk]] </td><td> The associated talk page, if any, will be automatically moved along with it &#39;&#39;&#39;unless:&#39;&#39;&#39; *You are moving the page across namespaces, *A non-empty talk page already exists under the new name, or *You uncheck the box below. In those cases, you will have to move or merge the page manually if desired. </td><td> {{int:Movepagetalktext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movepagetext&action=edit movepagetext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Movepagetext|Talk]] </td><td> Using the form below will rename a page, moving all of its history to the new name. The old title will become a redirect page to the new title. Links to the old page title will not be changed; be sure to &#91;&#91;Special:Maintenance&#124;check]] for double or broken redirects. You are responsible for making sure that links continue to point where they are supposed to go. Note that the page will &#39;&#39;&#39;not&#39;&#39;&#39; be moved if there is already a page at the new title, unless it is empty or a redirect and has no past edit history. This means that you can rename a page back to where it was just renamed from if you make a mistake, and you cannot overwrite an existing page. &lt;b&gt;WARNING!&lt;/b&gt; This can be a drastic and unexpected change for a popular page; please be sure you understand the consequences of this before proceeding. </td><td> {{int:Movepagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movetalk&action=edit movetalk]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Movetalk|Talk]] </td><td> Move &quot;talk&quot; page as well, if applicable. </td><td> {{int:Movetalk}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Movethispage&action=edit movethispage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Movethispage|Talk]] </td><td> Move this page </td><td> {{int:Movethispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mycontris&action=edit mycontris]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Mycontris|Talk]] </td><td> My contributions </td><td> {{int:Mycontris}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mypage&action=edit mypage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Mypage|Talk]] </td><td> My page </td><td> {{int:Mypage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Mytalk&action=edit mytalk]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Mytalk|Talk]] </td><td> My talk </td><td> {{int:Mytalk}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Navigation&action=edit navigation]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Navigation|Talk]] </td><td> Navigation </td><td> {{int:Navigation}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nbytes&action=edit nbytes]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nbytes|Talk]] </td><td> $1 bytes </td><td> {{int:Nbytes}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nchanges&action=edit nchanges]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nchanges|Talk]] </td><td> $1 changes </td><td> {{int:Nchanges}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newarticle&action=edit newarticle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Newarticle|Talk]] </td><td> (New) </td><td> {{int:Newarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newarticletext&action=edit newarticletext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Newarticletext|Talk]] </td><td> You&#39;ve followed a link to a page that doesn&#39;t exist yet. To create the page, start typing in the box below (see the &#91;&#91;Wikipedia:Help&#124;help page]] for more info). If you are here by mistake, just click your browser&#39;s &#39;&#39;&#39;back&#39;&#39;&#39; button. </td><td> {{int:Newarticletext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newmessages&action=edit newmessages]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Newmessages|Talk]] </td><td> You have $1. </td><td> {{int:Newmessages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newmessageslink&action=edit newmessageslink]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Newmessageslink|Talk]] </td><td> new messages </td><td> {{int:Newmessageslink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newpage&action=edit newpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Newpage|Talk]] </td><td> New page </td><td> {{int:Newpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newpageletter&action=edit newpageletter]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Newpageletter|Talk]] </td><td> N </td><td> {{int:Newpageletter}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newpages&action=edit newpages]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Newpages|Talk]] </td><td> New pages </td><td> {{int:Newpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newpassword&action=edit newpassword]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Newpassword|Talk]] </td><td> New password </td><td> {{int:Newpassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newtitle&action=edit newtitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Newtitle|Talk]] </td><td> To new title </td><td> {{int:Newtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Newusersonly&action=edit newusersonly]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Newusersonly|Talk]] </td><td> (new users only) </td><td> {{int:Newusersonly}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Next&action=edit next]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Next|Talk]] </td><td> next </td><td> {{int:Next}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nextn&action=edit nextn]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nextn|Talk]] </td><td> next $1 </td><td> {{int:Nextn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nlinks&action=edit nlinks]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nlinks|Talk]] </td><td> $1 links </td><td> {{int:Nlinks}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noaffirmation&action=edit noaffirmation]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Noaffirmation|Talk]] </td><td> You must affirm that your upload does not violate any copyrights. </td><td> {{int:Noaffirmation}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noarticletext&action=edit noarticletext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Noarticletext|Talk]] </td><td> (There is currently no text in this page) </td><td> {{int:Noarticletext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noblockreason&action=edit noblockreason]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Noblockreason|Talk]] </td><td> You must supply a reason for the block. </td><td> {{int:Noblockreason}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noconnect&action=edit noconnect]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Noconnect|Talk]] </td><td> Sorry! The wiki is experiencing some technical difficulties, and cannot contact the database server. </td><td> {{int:Noconnect}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nocontribs&action=edit nocontribs]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nocontribs|Talk]] </td><td> No changes were found matching these criteria. </td><td> {{int:Nocontribs}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nocookieslogin&action=edit nocookieslogin]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nocookieslogin|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia uses cookies to log in users. You have cookies disabled. Please enable them and try again. </td><td> {{int:Nocookieslogin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nocookiesnew&action=edit nocookiesnew]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nocookiesnew|Talk]] </td><td> The user account was created, but you are not logged in. Wikipedia uses cookies to log in users. You have cookies disabled. Please enable them, then log in with your new username and password. </td><td> {{int:Nocookiesnew}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nocreativecommons&action=edit nocreativecommons]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nocreativecommons|Talk]] </td><td> Creative Commons RDF metadata disabled for this server. </td><td> {{int:Nocreativecommons}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nodb&action=edit nodb]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nodb|Talk]] </td><td> Could not select database $1 </td><td> {{int:Nodb}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nodublincore&action=edit nodublincore]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nodublincore|Talk]] </td><td> Dublin Core RDF metadata disabled for this server. </td><td> {{int:Nodublincore}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noemail&action=edit noemail]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Noemail|Talk]] </td><td> There is no e-mail address recorded for user &quot;$1&quot;. </td><td> {{int:Noemail}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noemailtext&action=edit noemailtext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Noemailtext|Talk]] </td><td> This user has not specified a valid e-mail address, or has chosen not to receive e-mail from other users. </td><td> {{int:Noemailtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noemailtitle&action=edit noemailtitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Noemailtitle|Talk]] </td><td> No e-mail address </td><td> {{int:Noemailtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nogomatch&action=edit nogomatch]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nogomatch|Talk]] </td><td> No page with this exact title exists, trying full text search. </td><td> {{int:Nogomatch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nohistory&action=edit nohistory]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nohistory|Talk]] </td><td> There is no edit history for this page. </td><td> {{int:Nohistory}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nolinkshere&action=edit nolinkshere]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nolinkshere|Talk]] </td><td> No pages link to here. </td><td> {{int:Nolinkshere}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nolinkstoimage&action=edit nolinkstoimage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nolinkstoimage|Talk]] </td><td> There are no pages that link to this image. </td><td> {{int:Nolinkstoimage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Noname&action=edit noname]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Noname|Talk]] </td><td> You have not specified a valid user name. </td><td> {{int:Noname}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nonefound&action=edit nonefound]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nonefound|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;strong&gt;Note&lt;/strong&gt;: unsuccessful searches are often caused by searching for common words like &quot;have&quot; and &quot;from&quot;, which are not indexed, or by specifying more than one search term (only pages containing all of the search terms will appear in the result). </td><td> {{int:Nonefound}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nospecialpagetext&action=edit nospecialpagetext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nospecialpagetext|Talk]] </td><td> You have requested a special page that is not recognized by the wiki. </td><td> {{int:Nospecialpagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nosuchaction&action=edit nosuchaction]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nosuchaction|Talk]] </td><td> No such action </td><td> {{int:Nosuchaction}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nosuchactiontext&action=edit nosuchactiontext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nosuchactiontext|Talk]] </td><td> The action specified by the URL is not recognized by the wiki </td><td> {{int:Nosuchactiontext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nosuchspecialpage&action=edit nosuchspecialpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nosuchspecialpage|Talk]] </td><td> No such special page </td><td> {{int:Nosuchspecialpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nosuchuser&action=edit nosuchuser]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nosuchuser|Talk]] </td><td> There is no user by the name &quot;$1&quot;. Check your spelling, or use the form below to create a new user account. </td><td> {{int:Nosuchuser}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notacceptable&action=edit notacceptable]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Notacceptable|Talk]] </td><td> The wiki server can&#39;t provide data in a format your client can read. </td><td> {{int:Notacceptable}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notanarticle&action=edit notanarticle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Notanarticle|Talk]] </td><td> Not a content page </td><td> {{int:Notanarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notargettext&action=edit notargettext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Notargettext|Talk]] </td><td> You have not specified a target page or user to perform this function on. </td><td> {{int:Notargettext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notargettitle&action=edit notargettitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Notargettitle|Talk]] </td><td> No target </td><td> {{int:Notargettitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Note&action=edit note]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Note|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;strong&gt;Note:&lt;/strong&gt; </td><td> {{int:Note}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notextmatches&action=edit notextmatches]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Notextmatches|Talk]] </td><td> No page text matches </td><td> {{int:Notextmatches}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notitlematches&action=edit notitlematches]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Notitlematches|Talk]] </td><td> No page title matches </td><td> {{int:Notitlematches}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Notloggedin&action=edit notloggedin]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Notloggedin|Talk]] </td><td> Not logged in </td><td> {{int:Notloggedin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nowatchlist&action=edit nowatchlist]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nowatchlist|Talk]] </td><td> You have no items on your watchlist. </td><td> {{int:Nowatchlist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nowiki_sample&action=edit nowiki_sample]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nowiki_sample|Talk]] </td><td> Insert non-formatted text here </td><td> {{int:Nowiki_sample}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nowiki_tip&action=edit nowiki_tip]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nowiki_tip|Talk]] </td><td> Ignore wiki formatting </td><td> {{int:Nowiki_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-category&action=edit nstab-category]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-category|Talk]] </td><td> Category </td><td> {{int:Nstab-category}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-help&action=edit nstab-help]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-help|Talk]] </td><td> Help </td><td> {{int:Nstab-help}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-image&action=edit nstab-image]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-image|Talk]] </td><td> Image </td><td> {{int:Nstab-image}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-main&action=edit nstab-main]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-main|Talk]] </td><td> Article </td><td> {{int:Nstab-main}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-media&action=edit nstab-media]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-media|Talk]] </td><td> Media </td><td> {{int:Nstab-media}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-mediawiki&action=edit nstab-mediawiki]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-mediawiki|Talk]] </td><td> Message </td><td> {{int:Nstab-mediawiki}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-special&action=edit nstab-special]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-special|Talk]] </td><td> Special </td><td> {{int:Nstab-special}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-template&action=edit nstab-template]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-template|Talk]] </td><td> Template </td><td> {{int:Nstab-template}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-user&action=edit nstab-user]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-user|Talk]] </td><td> User page </td><td> {{int:Nstab-user}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nstab-wp&action=edit nstab-wp]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nstab-wp|Talk]] </td><td> About </td><td> {{int:Nstab-wp}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Nviews&action=edit nviews]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Nviews|Talk]] </td><td> $1 views </td><td> {{int:Nviews}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ok&action=edit ok]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Ok|Talk]] </td><td> OK </td><td> {{int:Ok}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Oldpassword&action=edit oldpassword]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Oldpassword|Talk]] </td><td> Old password </td><td> {{int:Oldpassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Orig&action=edit orig]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Orig|Talk]] </td><td> orig </td><td> {{int:Orig}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Orphans&action=edit orphans]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Orphans|Talk]] </td><td> Orphaned pages </td><td> {{int:Orphans}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Othercontribs&action=edit othercontribs]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Othercontribs|Talk]] </td><td> Based on work by $1. </td><td> {{int:Othercontribs}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Otherlanguages&action=edit otherlanguages]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Otherlanguages|Talk]] </td><td> Other languages </td><td> {{int:Otherlanguages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Pagemovedsub&action=edit pagemovedsub]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Pagemovedsub|Talk]] </td><td> Move succeeded </td><td> {{int:Pagemovedsub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Pagemovedtext&action=edit pagemovedtext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Pagemovedtext|Talk]] </td><td> Page &quot;&#91;&#91;$1]]&quot; moved to &quot;&#91;&#91;$2]]&quot;. </td><td> {{int:Pagemovedtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Pagetitle&action=edit pagetitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Pagetitle|Talk]] </td><td> $1 - Wikipedia </td><td> {{int:Pagetitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Passwordremindertext&action=edit passwordremindertext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Passwordremindertext|Talk]] </td><td> Someone (probably you, from IP address $1) requested that we send you a new Wikipedia login password. The password for user &quot;$2&quot; is now &quot;$3&quot;. You should log in and change your password now. </td><td> {{int:Passwordremindertext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Passwordremindertitle&action=edit passwordremindertitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Passwordremindertitle|Talk]] </td><td> Password reminder from Wikipedia </td><td> {{int:Passwordremindertitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Passwordsent&action=edit passwordsent]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Passwordsent|Talk]] </td><td> A new password has been sent to the e-mail address registered for &quot;$1&quot;. Please log in again after you receive it. </td><td> {{int:Passwordsent}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Perfcached&action=edit perfcached]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Perfcached|Talk]] </td><td> The following data is cached and may not be completely up to date: </td><td> {{int:Perfcached}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Perfdisabled&action=edit perfdisabled]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Perfdisabled|Talk]] </td><td> Sorry! This feature has been temporarily disabled because it slows the database down to the point that no one can use the wiki. </td><td> {{int:Perfdisabled}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Perfdisabledsub&action=edit perfdisabledsub]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Perfdisabledsub|Talk]] </td><td> Here&#39;s a saved copy from $1: </td><td> {{int:Perfdisabledsub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Personaltools&action=edit personaltools]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Personaltools|Talk]] </td><td> Personal tools </td><td> {{int:Personaltools}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Popularpages&action=edit popularpages]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Popularpages|Talk]] </td><td> Popular pages </td><td> {{int:Popularpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Portal&action=edit portal]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Portal|Talk]] </td><td> Community portal </td><td> {{int:Portal}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Portal-url&action=edit portal-url]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Portal-url|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia:Community Portal </td><td> {{int:Portal-url}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Postcomment&action=edit postcomment]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Postcomment|Talk]] </td><td> Post a comment </td><td> {{int:Postcomment}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Poweredby&action=edit poweredby]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Poweredby|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia is powered by &#91;http&#58;//www.mediawiki.org/ MediaWiki], an open source wiki engine. </td><td> {{int:Poweredby}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Powersearch&action=edit powersearch]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Powersearch|Talk]] </td><td> Search </td><td> {{int:Powersearch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Powersearchtext&action=edit powersearchtext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Powersearchtext|Talk]] </td><td> Search in namespaces :&lt;br /&gt; $1&lt;br /&gt; $2 List redirects &amp;nbsp; Search for $3 $9 </td><td> {{int:Powersearchtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Preferences&action=edit preferences]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Preferences|Talk]] </td><td> Preferences </td><td> {{int:Preferences}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefs-help-userdata&action=edit prefs-help-userdata]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Prefs-help-userdata|Talk]] </td><td> * &lt;strong&gt;Real name&lt;/strong&gt; (optional): if you choose to provide it this will be used for giving you attribution for your work.&lt;br/&gt; * &lt;strong&gt;Email&lt;/strong&gt; (optional): Enables people to contact you through the website without you having to reveal your email address to them, and it can be used to send you a new password if you forget it. </td><td> {{int:Prefs-help-userdata}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefs-misc&action=edit prefs-misc]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Prefs-misc|Talk]] </td><td> Misc settings </td><td> {{int:Prefs-misc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefs-personal&action=edit prefs-personal]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Prefs-personal|Talk]] </td><td> User data </td><td> {{int:Prefs-personal}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefs-rc&action=edit prefs-rc]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Prefs-rc|Talk]] </td><td> Recent changes and stub display </td><td> {{int:Prefs-rc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefslogintext&action=edit prefslogintext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Prefslogintext|Talk]] </td><td> You are logged in as &quot;$1&quot;. Your internal ID number is $2. See &#91;&#91;Wikipedia:User preferences help]] for help deciphering the options. </td><td> {{int:Prefslogintext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefsnologin&action=edit prefsnologin]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Prefsnologin|Talk]] </td><td> Not logged in </td><td> {{int:Prefsnologin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefsnologintext&action=edit prefsnologintext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Prefsnologintext|Talk]] </td><td> You must be &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Special:Userlogin&quot;&gt;logged in&lt;/a&gt; to set user preferences. </td><td> {{int:Prefsnologintext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prefsreset&action=edit prefsreset]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Prefsreset|Talk]] </td><td> Preferences have been reset from storage. </td><td> {{int:Prefsreset}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Preview&action=edit preview]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Preview|Talk]] </td><td> Preview </td><td> {{int:Preview}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Previewconflict&action=edit previewconflict]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Previewconflict|Talk]] </td><td> This preview reflects the text in the upper text editing area as it will appear if you choose to save. </td><td> {{int:Previewconflict}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Previewnote&action=edit previewnote]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Previewnote|Talk]] </td><td> Remember that this is only a preview, and has not yet been saved! </td><td> {{int:Previewnote}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Prevn&action=edit prevn]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Prevn|Talk]] </td><td> previous $1 </td><td> {{int:Prevn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Printableversion&action=edit printableversion]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Printableversion|Talk]] </td><td> Printable version </td><td> {{int:Printableversion}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Printsubtitle&action=edit printsubtitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Printsubtitle|Talk]] </td><td> (From http&#58;//sa.wikipedia.org) </td><td> {{int:Printsubtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protect&action=edit protect]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Protect|Talk]] </td><td> Protect </td><td> {{int:Protect}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectcomment&action=edit protectcomment]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectcomment|Talk]] </td><td> Reason for protecting </td><td> {{int:Protectcomment}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectedarticle&action=edit protectedarticle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectedarticle|Talk]] </td><td> protected &#91;&#91;$1]] </td><td> {{int:Protectedarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectedpage&action=edit protectedpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectedpage|Talk]] </td><td> Protected page </td><td> {{int:Protectedpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectedpagewarning&action=edit protectedpagewarning]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectedpagewarning|Talk]] </td><td> WARNING: This page has been locked so that only users with sysop privileges can edit it. Be sure you are following the &lt;a href=&#39;/w/wiki.phtml/Wikipedia:Protected_page_guidelines&#39;&gt;protected page guidelines&lt;/a&gt;. </td><td> {{int:Protectedpagewarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectedtext&action=edit protectedtext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectedtext|Talk]] </td><td> This page has been locked to prevent editing; there are a number of reasons why this may be so, please see &#91;&#91;Wikipedia:Protected page]]. You can view and copy the source of this page: </td><td> {{int:Protectedtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectlogpage&action=edit protectlogpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectlogpage|Talk]] </td><td> Protection_log </td><td> {{int:Protectlogpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectlogtext&action=edit protectlogtext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectlogtext|Talk]] </td><td> Below is a list of page locks/unlocks. See &#91;&#91;Wikipedia:Protected page]] for more information. </td><td> {{int:Protectlogtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectpage&action=edit protectpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectpage|Talk]] </td><td> Protect page </td><td> {{int:Protectpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectreason&action=edit protectreason]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectreason|Talk]] </td><td> (give a reason) </td><td> {{int:Protectreason}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectsub&action=edit protectsub]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectsub|Talk]] </td><td> (Protecting &quot;$1&quot;) </td><td> {{int:Protectsub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Protectthispage&action=edit protectthispage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Protectthispage|Talk]] </td><td> Protect this page </td><td> {{int:Protectthispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Proxyblocker&action=edit proxyblocker]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Proxyblocker|Talk]] </td><td> Proxy blocker </td><td> {{int:Proxyblocker}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Proxyblockreason&action=edit proxyblockreason]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Proxyblockreason|Talk]] </td><td> Your IP address has been blocked because it is an open proxy. Please contact your Internet service provider or tech support and inform them of this serious security problem. </td><td> {{int:Proxyblockreason}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Proxyblocksuccess&action=edit proxyblocksuccess]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Proxyblocksuccess|Talk]] </td><td> Done. </td><td> {{int:Proxyblocksuccess}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbbrowse&action=edit qbbrowse]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Qbbrowse|Talk]] </td><td> Browse </td><td> {{int:Qbbrowse}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbedit&action=edit qbedit]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Qbedit|Talk]] </td><td> Edit </td><td> {{int:Qbedit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbfind&action=edit qbfind]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Qbfind|Talk]] </td><td> Find </td><td> {{int:Qbfind}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbmyoptions&action=edit qbmyoptions]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Qbmyoptions|Talk]] </td><td> My pages </td><td> {{int:Qbmyoptions}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbpageinfo&action=edit qbpageinfo]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Qbpageinfo|Talk]] </td><td> Context </td><td> {{int:Qbpageinfo}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbpageoptions&action=edit qbpageoptions]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Qbpageoptions|Talk]] </td><td> This page </td><td> {{int:Qbpageoptions}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbsettings&action=edit qbsettings]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Qbsettings|Talk]] </td><td> Quickbar settings </td><td> {{int:Qbsettings}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Qbspecialpages&action=edit qbspecialpages]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Qbspecialpages|Talk]] </td><td> Special pages </td><td> {{int:Qbspecialpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Querybtn&action=edit querybtn]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Querybtn|Talk]] </td><td> Submit query </td><td> {{int:Querybtn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Querysuccessful&action=edit querysuccessful]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Querysuccessful|Talk]] </td><td> Query successful </td><td> {{int:Querysuccessful}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Randompage&action=edit randompage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Randompage|Talk]] </td><td> Random page </td><td> {{int:Randompage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Range_block_disabled&action=edit range_block_disabled]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Range_block_disabled|Talk]] </td><td> The sysop ability to create range blocks is disabled. </td><td> {{int:Range_block_disabled}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rchide&action=edit rchide]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Rchide|Talk]] </td><td> in $4 form; $1 minor edits; $2 secondary namespaces; $3 multiple edits. </td><td> {{int:Rchide}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rclinks&action=edit rclinks]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Rclinks|Talk]] </td><td> Show last $1 changes in last $2 days&lt;br /&gt;$3 </td><td> {{int:Rclinks}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rclistfrom&action=edit rclistfrom]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Rclistfrom|Talk]] </td><td> Show new changes starting from $1 </td><td> {{int:Rclistfrom}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rcliu&action=edit rcliu]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Rcliu|Talk]] </td><td> ; $1 edits from logged in users </td><td> {{int:Rcliu}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rcloaderr&action=edit rcloaderr]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Rcloaderr|Talk]] </td><td> Loading recent changes </td><td> {{int:Rcloaderr}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rclsub&action=edit rclsub]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Rclsub|Talk]] </td><td> (to pages linked from &quot;$1&quot;) </td><td> {{int:Rclsub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rcnote&action=edit rcnote]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Rcnote|Talk]] </td><td> Below are the last &lt;strong&gt;$1&lt;/strong&gt; changes in last &lt;strong&gt;$2&lt;/strong&gt; days. </td><td> {{int:Rcnote}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rcnotefrom&action=edit rcnotefrom]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Rcnotefrom|Talk]] </td><td> Below are the changes since &lt;b&gt;$2&lt;/b&gt; (up to &lt;b&gt;$1&lt;/b&gt; shown). </td><td> {{int:Rcnotefrom}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Readonly&action=edit readonly]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Readonly|Talk]] </td><td> Database locked </td><td> {{int:Readonly}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Readonlytext&action=edit readonlytext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Readonlytext|Talk]] </td><td> The database is currently locked to new entries and other modifications, probably for routine database maintenance, after which it will be back to normal. The administrator who locked it offered this explanation: &lt;p&gt;$1 </td><td> {{int:Readonlytext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Readonlywarning&action=edit readonlywarning]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Readonlywarning|Talk]] </td><td> WARNING: The database has been locked for maintenance, so you will not be able to save your edits right now. You may wish to cut-n-paste the text into a text file and save it for later. </td><td> {{int:Readonlywarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Recentchanges&action=edit recentchanges]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Recentchanges|Talk]] </td><td> Recent changes </td><td> {{int:Recentchanges}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Recentchangescount&action=edit recentchangescount]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Recentchangescount|Talk]] </td><td> Number of titles in recent changes </td><td> {{int:Recentchangescount}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Recentchangeslinked&action=edit recentchangeslinked]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Recentchangeslinked|Talk]] </td><td> Related changes </td><td> {{int:Recentchangeslinked}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Recentchangestext&action=edit recentchangestext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Recentchangestext|Talk]] </td><td> Track the most recent changes to the wiki on this page. </td><td> {{int:Recentchangestext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Redirectedfrom&action=edit redirectedfrom]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Redirectedfrom|Talk]] </td><td> (Redirected from $1) </td><td> {{int:Redirectedfrom}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Remembermypassword&action=edit remembermypassword]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Remembermypassword|Talk]] </td><td> Remember my password across sessions. </td><td> {{int:Remembermypassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Removechecked&action=edit removechecked]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Removechecked|Talk]] </td><td> Remove checked items from watchlist </td><td> {{int:Removechecked}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Removedwatch&action=edit removedwatch]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Removedwatch|Talk]] </td><td> Removed from watchlist </td><td> {{int:Removedwatch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Removedwatchtext&action=edit removedwatchtext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Removedwatchtext|Talk]] </td><td> The page &quot;$1&quot; has been removed from your watchlist. </td><td> {{int:Removedwatchtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Removingchecked&action=edit removingchecked]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Removingchecked|Talk]] </td><td> Removing requested items from watchlist... </td><td> {{int:Removingchecked}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Resetprefs&action=edit resetprefs]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Resetprefs|Talk]] </td><td> Reset preferences </td><td> {{int:Resetprefs}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Restorelink&action=edit restorelink]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Restorelink|Talk]] </td><td> $1 deleted edits </td><td> {{int:Restorelink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Resultsperpage&action=edit resultsperpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Resultsperpage|Talk]] </td><td> Hits to show per page </td><td> {{int:Resultsperpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Retrievedfrom&action=edit retrievedfrom]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Retrievedfrom|Talk]] </td><td> Retrieved from &quot;$1&quot; </td><td> {{int:Retrievedfrom}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Returnto&action=edit returnto]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Returnto|Talk]] </td><td> Return to $1. </td><td> {{int:Returnto}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Retypenew&action=edit retypenew]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Retypenew|Talk]] </td><td> Retype new password </td><td> {{int:Retypenew}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Reupload&action=edit reupload]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Reupload|Talk]] </td><td> Re-upload </td><td> {{int:Reupload}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Reuploaddesc&action=edit reuploaddesc]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Reuploaddesc|Talk]] </td><td> Return to the upload form. </td><td> {{int:Reuploaddesc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Reverted&action=edit reverted]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Reverted|Talk]] </td><td> Reverted to earlier revision </td><td> {{int:Reverted}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revertimg&action=edit revertimg]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Revertimg|Talk]] </td><td> rev </td><td> {{int:Revertimg}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revertpage&action=edit revertpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Revertpage|Talk]] </td><td> Reverted edit of $2, changed back to last version by $1 </td><td> {{int:Revertpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revhistory&action=edit revhistory]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Revhistory|Talk]] </td><td> Revision history </td><td> {{int:Revhistory}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revisionasof&action=edit revisionasof]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Revisionasof|Talk]] </td><td> Revision as of $1 </td><td> {{int:Revisionasof}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revnotfound&action=edit revnotfound]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Revnotfound|Talk]] </td><td> Revision not found </td><td> {{int:Revnotfound}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Revnotfoundtext&action=edit revnotfoundtext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Revnotfoundtext|Talk]] </td><td> The old revision of the page you asked for could not be found. Please check the URL you used to access this page. </td><td> {{int:Revnotfoundtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rfcurl&action=edit rfcurl]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Rfcurl|Talk]] </td><td> http&#58;//www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc$1.html </td><td> {{int:Rfcurl}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rights&action=edit rights]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Rights|Talk]] </td><td> Rights: </td><td> {{int:Rights}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rollback&action=edit rollback]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Rollback|Talk]] </td><td> Roll back edits </td><td> {{int:Rollback}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rollback_short&action=edit rollback_short]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Rollback_short|Talk]] </td><td> Rollback </td><td> {{int:Rollback_short}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rollbackfailed&action=edit rollbackfailed]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Rollbackfailed|Talk]] </td><td> Rollback failed </td><td> {{int:Rollbackfailed}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rollbacklink&action=edit rollbacklink]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Rollbacklink|Talk]] </td><td> rollback </td><td> {{int:Rollbacklink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Rows&action=edit rows]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Rows|Talk]] </td><td> Rows </td><td> {{int:Rows}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Savearticle&action=edit savearticle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Savearticle|Talk]] </td><td> Save page </td><td> {{int:Savearticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Savedprefs&action=edit savedprefs]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Savedprefs|Talk]] </td><td> Your preferences have been saved. </td><td> {{int:Savedprefs}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Savefile&action=edit savefile]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Savefile|Talk]] </td><td> Save file </td><td> {{int:Savefile}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Saveprefs&action=edit saveprefs]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Saveprefs|Talk]] </td><td> Save preferences </td><td> {{int:Saveprefs}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Search&action=edit search]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Search|Talk]] </td><td> Search </td><td> {{int:Search}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchdisabled&action=edit searchdisabled]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Searchdisabled|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;p&gt;Sorry! Full text search has been disabled temporarily, for performance reasons. In the meantime, you can use the Google search below, which may be out of date.&lt;/p&gt; </td><td> {{int:Searchdisabled}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchhelppage&action=edit searchhelppage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Searchhelppage|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia:Searching </td><td> {{int:Searchhelppage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchingwikipedia&action=edit searchingwikipedia]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Searchingwikipedia|Talk]] </td><td> Searching Wikipedia </td><td> {{int:Searchingwikipedia}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchquery&action=edit searchquery]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Searchquery|Talk]] </td><td> For query &quot;$1&quot; </td><td> {{int:Searchquery}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchresults&action=edit searchresults]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Searchresults|Talk]] </td><td> Search results </td><td> {{int:Searchresults}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchresultshead&action=edit searchresultshead]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Searchresultshead|Talk]] </td><td> Search result settings </td><td> {{int:Searchresultshead}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Searchresulttext&action=edit searchresulttext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Searchresulttext|Talk]] </td><td> For more information about searching Wikipedia, see $1. </td><td> {{int:Searchresulttext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sectionedit&action=edit sectionedit]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Sectionedit|Talk]] </td><td> (section) </td><td> {{int:Sectionedit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Selectnewerversionfordiff&action=edit selectnewerversionfordiff]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Selectnewerversionfordiff|Talk]] </td><td> Select a newer version for comparison </td><td> {{int:Selectnewerversionfordiff}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Selectolderversionfordiff&action=edit selectolderversionfordiff]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Selectolderversionfordiff|Talk]] </td><td> Select an older version for comparison </td><td> {{int:Selectolderversionfordiff}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Selectonly&action=edit selectonly]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Selectonly|Talk]] </td><td> Only read-only queries are allowed. </td><td> {{int:Selectonly}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Selflinks&action=edit selflinks]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Selflinks|Talk]] </td><td> Pages with Self Links </td><td> {{int:Selflinks}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Selflinkstext&action=edit selflinkstext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Selflinkstext|Talk]] </td><td> The following pages contain a link to themselves, which they should not. </td><td> {{int:Selflinkstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Seriousxhtmlerrors&action=edit seriousxhtmlerrors]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Seriousxhtmlerrors|Talk]] </td><td> There were serious xhtml markup errors detected by tidy. </td><td> {{int:Seriousxhtmlerrors}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Servertime&action=edit servertime]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Servertime|Talk]] </td><td> Server time is now </td><td> {{int:Servertime}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Set_rights_fail&action=edit set_rights_fail]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Set_rights_fail|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;b&gt;User rights for &quot;$1&quot; could not be set. (Did you enter the name correctly?)&lt;/b&gt; </td><td> {{int:Set_rights_fail}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Set_user_rights&action=edit set_user_rights]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Set_user_rights|Talk]] </td><td> Set user rights </td><td> {{int:Set_user_rights}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Setbureaucratflag&action=edit setbureaucratflag]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Setbureaucratflag|Talk]] </td><td> Set bureaucrat flag </td><td> {{int:Setbureaucratflag}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Shortpages&action=edit shortpages]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Shortpages|Talk]] </td><td> Short pages </td><td> {{int:Shortpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Show&action=edit show]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Show|Talk]] </td><td> show </td><td> {{int:Show}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showhideminor&action=edit showhideminor]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Showhideminor|Talk]] </td><td> $1 minor edits &#124; $2 bots &#124; $3 logged in users </td><td> {{int:Showhideminor}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showingresults&action=edit showingresults]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Showingresults|Talk]] </td><td> Showing below &lt;b&gt;$1&lt;/b&gt; results starting with #&lt;b&gt;$2&lt;/b&gt;. </td><td> {{int:Showingresults}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showingresultsnum&action=edit showingresultsnum]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Showingresultsnum|Talk]] </td><td> Showing below &lt;b&gt;$3&lt;/b&gt; results starting with #&lt;b&gt;$2&lt;/b&gt;. </td><td> {{int:Showingresultsnum}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showlast&action=edit showlast]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Showlast|Talk]] </td><td> Show last $1 images sorted $2. </td><td> {{int:Showlast}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showpreview&action=edit showpreview]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Showpreview|Talk]] </td><td> Show preview </td><td> {{int:Showpreview}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Showtoc&action=edit showtoc]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Showtoc|Talk]] </td><td> show </td><td> {{int:Showtoc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sig_tip&action=edit sig_tip]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Sig_tip|Talk]] </td><td> Your signature with timestamp </td><td> {{int:Sig_tip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitestats&action=edit sitestats]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Sitestats|Talk]] </td><td> Site statistics </td><td> {{int:Sitestats}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitestatstext&action=edit sitestatstext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Sitestatstext|Talk]] </td><td> There are &#39;&#39;&#39;$1&#39;&#39;&#39; total pages in the database. This includes &quot;talk&quot; pages, pages about Wikipedia, minimal &quot;stub&quot; pages, redirects, and others that probably don&#39;t qualify as content pages. Excluding those, there are &#39;&#39;&#39;$2&#39;&#39;&#39; pages that are probably legitimate content pages. There have been a total of &#39;&#39;&#39;$3&#39;&#39;&#39; page views, and &#39;&#39;&#39;$4&#39;&#39;&#39; page edits since the wiki was setup. That comes to &#39;&#39;&#39;$5&#39;&#39;&#39; average edits per page, and &#39;&#39;&#39;$6&#39;&#39;&#39; views per edit. </td><td> {{int:Sitestatstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitesubtitle&action=edit sitesubtitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Sitesubtitle|Talk]] </td><td> The Free Encyclopedia </td><td> {{int:Sitesubtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitesupport&action=edit sitesupport]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Sitesupport|Talk]] </td><td> Donations </td><td> {{int:Sitesupport}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sitetitle&action=edit sitetitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Sitetitle|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia </td><td> {{int:Sitetitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Siteuser&action=edit siteuser]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Siteuser|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia user $1 </td><td> {{int:Siteuser}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Siteusers&action=edit siteusers]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Siteusers|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia user(s) $1 </td><td> {{int:Siteusers}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Skin&action=edit skin]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Skin|Talk]] </td><td> Skin </td><td> {{int:Skin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Spamprotectiontext&action=edit spamprotectiontext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Spamprotectiontext|Talk]] </td><td> The page you wanted to save was blocked by the spam filter. This is probably caused by a link to an external site. You might want to check the following regular expression for patterns that are currently blocked: </td><td> {{int:Spamprotectiontext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Spamprotectiontitle&action=edit spamprotectiontitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Spamprotectiontitle|Talk]] </td><td> Spam protection filter </td><td> {{int:Spamprotectiontitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Specialpage&action=edit specialpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Specialpage|Talk]] </td><td> Special Page </td><td> {{int:Specialpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Specialpages&action=edit specialpages]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Specialpages|Talk]] </td><td> Special pages </td><td> {{int:Specialpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Spheading&action=edit spheading]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Spheading|Talk]] </td><td> Special pages for all users </td><td> {{int:Spheading}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sqlislogged&action=edit sqlislogged]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Sqlislogged|Talk]] </td><td> Please note that all queries are logged. </td><td> {{int:Sqlislogged}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sqlquery&action=edit sqlquery]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Sqlquery|Talk]] </td><td> Enter query </td><td> {{int:Sqlquery}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Statistics&action=edit statistics]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Statistics|Talk]] </td><td> Statistics </td><td> {{int:Statistics}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Storedversion&action=edit storedversion]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Storedversion|Talk]] </td><td> Stored version </td><td> {{int:Storedversion}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Stubthreshold&action=edit stubthreshold]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Stubthreshold|Talk]] </td><td> Threshold for stub display </td><td> {{int:Stubthreshold}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Subcategories&action=edit subcategories]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Subcategories|Talk]] </td><td> Subcategories </td><td> {{int:Subcategories}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Subject&action=edit subject]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Subject|Talk]] </td><td> Subject/headline </td><td> {{int:Subject}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Subjectpage&action=edit subjectpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Subjectpage|Talk]] </td><td> View subject </td><td> {{int:Subjectpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Successfulupload&action=edit successfulupload]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Successfulupload|Talk]] </td><td> Successful upload </td><td> {{int:Successfulupload}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Summary&action=edit summary]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Summary|Talk]] </td><td> Summary </td><td> {{int:Summary}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sysopspheading&action=edit sysopspheading]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Sysopspheading|Talk]] </td><td> For sysop use only </td><td> {{int:Sysopspheading}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sysoptext&action=edit sysoptext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Sysoptext|Talk]] </td><td> The action you have requested can only be performed by users with &quot;sysop&quot; status. See $1. </td><td> {{int:Sysoptext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Sysoptitle&action=edit sysoptitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Sysoptitle|Talk]] </td><td> Sysop access required </td><td> {{int:Sysoptitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tableform&action=edit tableform]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tableform|Talk]] </td><td> table </td><td> {{int:Tableform}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talk&action=edit talk]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Talk|Talk]] </td><td> Discussion </td><td> {{int:Talk}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talkexists&action=edit talkexists]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Talkexists|Talk]] </td><td> The page itself was moved successfully, but the talk page could not be moved because one already exists at the new title. Please merge them manually. </td><td> {{int:Talkexists}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talkpage&action=edit talkpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Talkpage|Talk]] </td><td> Discuss this page </td><td> {{int:Talkpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talkpagemoved&action=edit talkpagemoved]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Talkpagemoved|Talk]] </td><td> The corresponding talk page was also moved. </td><td> {{int:Talkpagemoved}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talkpagenotmoved&action=edit talkpagenotmoved]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Talkpagenotmoved|Talk]] </td><td> The corresponding talk page was &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; moved. </td><td> {{int:Talkpagenotmoved}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Talkpagetext&action=edit talkpagetext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Talkpagetext|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;!-- MediaWiki:talkpagetext --&gt; </td><td> {{int:Talkpagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Textboxsize&action=edit textboxsize]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Textboxsize|Talk]] </td><td> Textbox dimensions </td><td> {{int:Textboxsize}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Textmatches&action=edit textmatches]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Textmatches|Talk]] </td><td> Page text matches </td><td> {{int:Textmatches}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Thisisdeleted&action=edit thisisdeleted]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Thisisdeleted|Talk]] </td><td> View or restore $1? </td><td> {{int:Thisisdeleted}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Thumbnail-more&action=edit thumbnail-more]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Thumbnail-more|Talk]] </td><td> Enlarge </td><td> {{int:Thumbnail-more}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Timezoneoffset&action=edit timezoneoffset]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Timezoneoffset|Talk]] </td><td> Offset </td><td> {{int:Timezoneoffset}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Timezonetext&action=edit timezonetext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Timezonetext|Talk]] </td><td> Enter number of hours your local time differs from server time (UTC). </td><td> {{int:Timezonetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Titlematches&action=edit titlematches]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Titlematches|Talk]] </td><td> Article title matches </td><td> {{int:Titlematches}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Toc&action=edit toc]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Toc|Talk]] </td><td> Table of contents </td><td> {{int:Toc}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Toolbox&action=edit toolbox]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Toolbox|Talk]] </td><td> Toolbox </td><td> {{int:Toolbox}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-addsection&action=edit tooltip-addsection]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-addsection|Talk]] </td><td> Add a comment to this page. &#91;alt-+] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-addsection}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-anontalk&action=edit tooltip-anontalk]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-anontalk|Talk]] </td><td> Discussion about edits from this ip address &#91;alt-n] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-anontalk}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-anonuserpage&action=edit tooltip-anonuserpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-anonuserpage|Talk]] </td><td> The user page for the ip you&#39;re editing as &#91;alt-.] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-anonuserpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-article&action=edit tooltip-article]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-article|Talk]] </td><td> View the content page &#91;alt-a] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-article}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-atom&action=edit tooltip-atom]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-atom|Talk]] </td><td> Atom feed for this page </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-atom}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-compareselectedversions&action=edit tooltip-compareselectedversions]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-compareselectedversions|Talk]] </td><td> See the differences between the two selected versions of this page. &#91;alt-v] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-compareselectedversions}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-contributions&action=edit tooltip-contributions]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-contributions|Talk]] </td><td> View the list of contributions of this user </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-contributions}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-currentevents&action=edit tooltip-currentevents]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-currentevents|Talk]] </td><td> Find background information on current events </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-currentevents}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-delete&action=edit tooltip-delete]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-delete|Talk]] </td><td> Delete this page &#91;alt-d] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-delete}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-edit&action=edit tooltip-edit]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-edit|Talk]] </td><td> You can edit this page. Please use the preview button before saving. &#91;alt-e] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-edit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-emailuser&action=edit tooltip-emailuser]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-emailuser|Talk]] </td><td> Send a mail to this user </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-emailuser}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-help&action=edit tooltip-help]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-help|Talk]] </td><td> The place to find out. </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-help}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-history&action=edit tooltip-history]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-history|Talk]] </td><td> Past versions of this page, &#91;alt-h] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-history}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-login&action=edit tooltip-login]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-login|Talk]] </td><td> You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however. &#91;alt-o] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-login}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-logout&action=edit tooltip-logout]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-logout|Talk]] </td><td> Log out &#91;alt-o] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-logout}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-mainpage&action=edit tooltip-mainpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-mainpage|Talk]] </td><td> Visit the Main Page &#91;alt-z] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-mainpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-minoredit&action=edit tooltip-minoredit]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-minoredit|Talk]] </td><td> Mark this as a minor edit &#91;alt-i] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-minoredit}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-move&action=edit tooltip-move]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-move|Talk]] </td><td> Move this page &#91;alt-m] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-move}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-mycontris&action=edit tooltip-mycontris]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-mycontris|Talk]] </td><td> List of my contributions &#91;alt-y] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-mycontris}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-mytalk&action=edit tooltip-mytalk]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-mytalk|Talk]] </td><td> My talk page &#91;alt-n] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-mytalk}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-nomove&action=edit tooltip-nomove]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-nomove|Talk]] </td><td> You don&#39;t have the permissions to move this page </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-nomove}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-portal&action=edit tooltip-portal]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-portal|Talk]] </td><td> About the project, what you can do, where to find things </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-portal}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-preferences&action=edit tooltip-preferences]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-preferences|Talk]] </td><td> My preferences </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-preferences}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-preview&action=edit tooltip-preview]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-preview|Talk]] </td><td> Preview your changes, please use this before saving! &#91;alt-p] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-preview}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-protect&action=edit tooltip-protect]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-protect|Talk]] </td><td> Protect this page &#91;alt-=] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-protect}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-randompage&action=edit tooltip-randompage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-randompage|Talk]] </td><td> Load a random page &#91;alt-x] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-randompage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-recentchanges&action=edit tooltip-recentchanges]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-recentchanges|Talk]] </td><td> The list of recent changes in the wiki. &#91;alt-r] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-recentchanges}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-recentchangeslinked&action=edit tooltip-recentchangeslinked]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-recentchangeslinked|Talk]] </td><td> Recent changes in pages linking to this page &#91;alt-c] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-recentchangeslinked}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-rss&action=edit tooltip-rss]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-rss|Talk]] </td><td> RSS feed for this page </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-rss}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-save&action=edit tooltip-save]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-save|Talk]] </td><td> Save you changes &#91;alt-s] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-save}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-search&action=edit tooltip-search]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-search|Talk]] </td><td> Search this wiki &#91;alt-f] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-search}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-sitesupport&action=edit tooltip-sitesupport]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-sitesupport|Talk]] </td><td> Support Wikipedia </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-sitesupport}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-specialpage&action=edit tooltip-specialpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-specialpage|Talk]] </td><td> This is a special page, you can&#39;t edit the page itself. </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-specialpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-specialpages&action=edit tooltip-specialpages]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-specialpages|Talk]] </td><td> List of all special pages &#91;alt-q] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-specialpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-talk&action=edit tooltip-talk]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-talk|Talk]] </td><td> Discussion about the content page &#91;alt-t] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-talk}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-undelete&action=edit tooltip-undelete]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-undelete|Talk]] </td><td> Restore $1 deleted edits to this page &#91;alt-d] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-undelete}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-unwatch&action=edit tooltip-unwatch]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-unwatch|Talk]] </td><td> Remove this page from your watchlist &#91;alt-w] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-unwatch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-upload&action=edit tooltip-upload]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-upload|Talk]] </td><td> Upload images or media files &#91;alt-u] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-upload}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-userpage&action=edit tooltip-userpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-userpage|Talk]] </td><td> My user page &#91;alt-.] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-userpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-viewsource&action=edit tooltip-viewsource]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-viewsource|Talk]] </td><td> This page is protected. You can view it&#39;s source. &#91;alt-e] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-viewsource}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-watch&action=edit tooltip-watch]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-watch|Talk]] </td><td> Add this page to your watchlist &#91;alt-w] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-watch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-watchlist&action=edit tooltip-watchlist]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-watchlist|Talk]] </td><td> The list of pages you&#39;re monitoring for changes. &#91;alt-l] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-watchlist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Tooltip-whatlinkshere&action=edit tooltip-whatlinkshere]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Tooltip-whatlinkshere|Talk]] </td><td> List of all wiki pages that link here &#91;alt-b] </td><td> {{int:Tooltip-whatlinkshere}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uclinks&action=edit uclinks]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uclinks|Talk]] </td><td> View the last $1 changes; view the last $2 days. </td><td> {{int:Uclinks}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Ucnote&action=edit ucnote]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Ucnote|Talk]] </td><td> Below are this user&#39;s last &lt;b&gt;$1&lt;/b&gt; changes in the last &lt;b&gt;$2&lt;/b&gt; days. </td><td> {{int:Ucnote}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uctop&action=edit uctop]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uctop|Talk]] </td><td> (top) </td><td> {{int:Uctop}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unblockip&action=edit unblockip]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unblockip|Talk]] </td><td> Unblock user </td><td> {{int:Unblockip}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unblockiptext&action=edit unblockiptext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unblockiptext|Talk]] </td><td> Use the form below to restore write access to a previously blocked IP address or username. </td><td> {{int:Unblockiptext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unblocklink&action=edit unblocklink]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unblocklink|Talk]] </td><td> unblock </td><td> {{int:Unblocklink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unblocklogentry&action=edit unblocklogentry]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unblocklogentry|Talk]] </td><td> unblocked &quot;$1&quot; </td><td> {{int:Unblocklogentry}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undelete&action=edit undelete]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Undelete|Talk]] </td><td> Restore deleted page </td><td> {{int:Undelete}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undelete_short&action=edit undelete_short]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Undelete_short|Talk]] </td><td> Undelete </td><td> {{int:Undelete_short}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletearticle&action=edit undeletearticle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Undeletearticle|Talk]] </td><td> Restore deleted page </td><td> {{int:Undeletearticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletebtn&action=edit undeletebtn]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Undeletebtn|Talk]] </td><td> Restore! </td><td> {{int:Undeletebtn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletedarticle&action=edit undeletedarticle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Undeletedarticle|Talk]] </td><td> restored &quot;$1&quot; </td><td> {{int:Undeletedarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletedtext&action=edit undeletedtext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Undeletedtext|Talk]] </td><td> &#91;&#91;$1]] has been successfully restored. See &#91;&#91;Wikipedia:Deletion_log]] for a record of recent deletions and restorations. </td><td> {{int:Undeletedtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletehistory&action=edit undeletehistory]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Undeletehistory|Talk]] </td><td> If you restore the page, all revisions will be restored to the history. If a new page with the same name has been created since the deletion, the restored revisions will appear in the prior history, and the current revision of the live page will not be automatically replaced. </td><td> {{int:Undeletehistory}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletepage&action=edit undeletepage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Undeletepage|Talk]] </td><td> View and restore deleted pages </td><td> {{int:Undeletepage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeletepagetext&action=edit undeletepagetext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Undeletepagetext|Talk]] </td><td> The following pages have been deleted but are still in the archive and can be restored. The archive may be periodically cleaned out. </td><td> {{int:Undeletepagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeleterevision&action=edit undeleterevision]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Undeleterevision|Talk]] </td><td> Deleted revision as of $1 </td><td> {{int:Undeleterevision}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Undeleterevisions&action=edit undeleterevisions]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Undeleterevisions|Talk]] </td><td> $1 revisions archived </td><td> {{int:Undeleterevisions}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unexpected&action=edit unexpected]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unexpected|Talk]] </td><td> Unexpected value: &quot;$1&quot;=&quot;$2&quot;. </td><td> {{int:Unexpected}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockbtn&action=edit unlockbtn]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unlockbtn|Talk]] </td><td> Unlock database </td><td> {{int:Unlockbtn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockconfirm&action=edit unlockconfirm]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unlockconfirm|Talk]] </td><td> Yes, I really want to unlock the database. </td><td> {{int:Unlockconfirm}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockdb&action=edit unlockdb]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unlockdb|Talk]] </td><td> Unlock database </td><td> {{int:Unlockdb}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockdbsuccesssub&action=edit unlockdbsuccesssub]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unlockdbsuccesssub|Talk]] </td><td> Database lock removed </td><td> {{int:Unlockdbsuccesssub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockdbsuccesstext&action=edit unlockdbsuccesstext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unlockdbsuccesstext|Talk]] </td><td> The database has been unlocked. </td><td> {{int:Unlockdbsuccesstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unlockdbtext&action=edit unlockdbtext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unlockdbtext|Talk]] </td><td> Unlocking the database will restore the ability of all users to edit pages, change their preferences, edit their watchlists, and other things requiring changes in the database. Please confirm that this is what you intend to do. </td><td> {{int:Unlockdbtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unprotect&action=edit unprotect]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unprotect|Talk]] </td><td> Unprotect </td><td> {{int:Unprotect}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unprotectcomment&action=edit unprotectcomment]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unprotectcomment|Talk]] </td><td> Reason for unprotecting </td><td> {{int:Unprotectcomment}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unprotectedarticle&action=edit unprotectedarticle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unprotectedarticle|Talk]] </td><td> unprotected &#91;&#91;$1]] </td><td> {{int:Unprotectedarticle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unprotectsub&action=edit unprotectsub]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unprotectsub|Talk]] </td><td> (Unprotecting &quot;$1&quot;) </td><td> {{int:Unprotectsub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unprotectthispage&action=edit unprotectthispage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unprotectthispage|Talk]] </td><td> Unprotect this page </td><td> {{int:Unprotectthispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unusedimages&action=edit unusedimages]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unusedimages|Talk]] </td><td> Unused images </td><td> {{int:Unusedimages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unusedimagestext&action=edit unusedimagestext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unusedimagestext|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;p&gt;Please note that other web sites may link to an image with a direct URL, and so may still be listed here despite being in active use. </td><td> {{int:Unusedimagestext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unwatch&action=edit unwatch]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unwatch|Talk]] </td><td> Unwatch </td><td> {{int:Unwatch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Unwatchthispage&action=edit unwatchthispage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Unwatchthispage|Talk]] </td><td> Stop watching </td><td> {{int:Unwatchthispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Updated&action=edit updated]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Updated|Talk]] </td><td> (Updated) </td><td> {{int:Updated}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Upload&action=edit upload]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Upload|Talk]] </td><td> Upload file </td><td> {{int:Upload}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadbtn&action=edit uploadbtn]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadbtn|Talk]] </td><td> Upload file </td><td> {{int:Uploadbtn}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploaddisabled&action=edit uploaddisabled]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploaddisabled|Talk]] </td><td> Sorry, uploading is disabled. </td><td> {{int:Uploaddisabled}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadedfiles&action=edit uploadedfiles]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadedfiles|Talk]] </td><td> Uploaded files </td><td> {{int:Uploadedfiles}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadedimage&action=edit uploadedimage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadedimage|Talk]] </td><td> uploaded &quot;$1&quot; </td><td> {{int:Uploadedimage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploaderror&action=edit uploaderror]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploaderror|Talk]] </td><td> Upload error </td><td> {{int:Uploaderror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadfile&action=edit uploadfile]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadfile|Talk]] </td><td> Upload images, sounds, documents etc. </td><td> {{int:Uploadfile}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadlink&action=edit uploadlink]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadlink|Talk]] </td><td> Upload images </td><td> {{int:Uploadlink}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadlog&action=edit uploadlog]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadlog|Talk]] </td><td> upload log </td><td> {{int:Uploadlog}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadlogpage&action=edit uploadlogpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadlogpage|Talk]] </td><td> Upload_log </td><td> {{int:Uploadlogpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadlogpagetext&action=edit uploadlogpagetext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadlogpagetext|Talk]] </td><td> Below is a list of the most recent file uploads. All times shown are server time (UTC). &lt;ul&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; </td><td> {{int:Uploadlogpagetext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadnologin&action=edit uploadnologin]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadnologin|Talk]] </td><td> Not logged in </td><td> {{int:Uploadnologin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadnologintext&action=edit uploadnologintext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadnologintext|Talk]] </td><td> You must be &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Special:Userlogin&quot;&gt;logged in&lt;/a&gt; to upload files. </td><td> {{int:Uploadnologintext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadtext&action=edit uploadtext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadtext|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;strong&gt;STOP!&lt;/strong&gt; Before you upload here, make sure to read and follow the &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Special:Image_use_policy&quot;&gt;image use policy&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;p&gt;If a file with the name you are specifying already exists on the wiki, it&#39;ll be replaced without warning. So unless you mean to update a file, it&#39;s a good idea to first check if such a file exists. &lt;p&gt;To view or search previously uploaded images, go to the &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Special:Imagelist&quot;&gt;list of uploaded images&lt;/a&gt;. Uploads and deletions are logged on the &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Wikipedia:Upload_log&quot;&gt;upload log&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Use the form below to upload new image files for use in illustrating your pages. On most browsers, you will see a &quot;Browse...&quot; button, which will bring up your operating system&#39;s standard file open dialog. Choosing a file will fill the name of that file into the text field next to the button. You must also check the box affirming that you are not violating any copyrights by uploading the file. Press the &quot;Upload&quot; button to finish the upload. This may take some time if you have a slow internet connection. &lt;p&gt;The preferred formats are JPEG for photographic images, PNG for drawings and other iconic images, and OGG for sounds. Please name your files descriptively to avoid confusion. To include the image in a page, use a link in the form &lt;b&gt;&#91;&#91;Image:file.jpg]]&lt;/b&gt; or &lt;b&gt;&#91;&#91;Image:file.ogg]]&lt;/b&gt; for sounds. &lt;p&gt;Please note that as with wiki pages, others may edit or delete your uploads if they think it serves the project, and you may be blocked from uploading if you abuse the system. </td><td> {{int:Uploadtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Uploadwarning&action=edit uploadwarning]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Uploadwarning|Talk]] </td><td> Upload warning </td><td> {{int:Uploadwarning}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:User_rights_set&action=edit user_rights_set]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:User_rights_set|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;b&gt;User rights for &quot;$1&quot; updated&lt;/b&gt; </td><td> {{int:User_rights_set}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Usercssjs&action=edit usercssjs]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Usercssjs|Talk]] </td><td> &#39;&#39;&#39;Note:&#39;&#39;&#39; After saving, you have to tell your bowser to get the new version: &#39;&#39;&#39;Mozilla:&#39;&#39;&#39; click &#39;&#39;reload&#39;&#39;(or &#39;&#39;ctrl-r&#39;&#39;), &#39;&#39;&#39;IE / Opera:&#39;&#39;&#39; &#39;&#39;ctrl-f5&#39;&#39;, &#39;&#39;&#39;Safari:&#39;&#39;&#39; &#39;&#39;cmd-r&#39;&#39;, &#39;&#39;&#39;Konqueror&#39;&#39;&#39; &#39;&#39;ctrl-r&#39;&#39;. </td><td> {{int:Usercssjs}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Usercssjsyoucanpreview&action=edit usercssjsyoucanpreview]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Usercssjsyoucanpreview|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;strong&gt;Tip:&lt;/strong&gt; Use the &#39;Show preview&#39; button to test your new css/js before saving. </td><td> {{int:Usercssjsyoucanpreview}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Usercsspreview&action=edit usercsspreview]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Usercsspreview|Talk]] </td><td> &#39;&#39;&#39;Remember that you are only previewing your user css, it has not yet been saved!&#39;&#39;&#39; </td><td> {{int:Usercsspreview}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userexists&action=edit userexists]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Userexists|Talk]] </td><td> The user name you entered is already in use. Please choose a different name. </td><td> {{int:Userexists}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userjspreview&action=edit userjspreview]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Userjspreview|Talk]] </td><td> &#39;&#39;&#39;Remember that you are only testing/previewing your user javascript, it has not yet been saved!&#39;&#39;&#39; </td><td> {{int:Userjspreview}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userlogin&action=edit userlogin]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Userlogin|Talk]] </td><td> Log in </td><td> {{int:Userlogin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userlogout&action=edit userlogout]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Userlogout|Talk]] </td><td> Log out </td><td> {{int:Userlogout}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Usermailererror&action=edit usermailererror]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Usermailererror|Talk]] </td><td> Mail object returned error: </td><td> {{int:Usermailererror}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userpage&action=edit userpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Userpage|Talk]] </td><td> View user page </td><td> {{int:Userpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userstats&action=edit userstats]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Userstats|Talk]] </td><td> User statistics </td><td> {{int:Userstats}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Userstatstext&action=edit userstatstext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Userstatstext|Talk]] </td><td> There are &#39;&#39;&#39;$1&#39;&#39;&#39; registered users. &#39;&#39;&#39;$2&#39;&#39;&#39; of these are administrators (see $3). </td><td> {{int:Userstatstext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Version&action=edit version]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Version|Talk]] </td><td> Version </td><td> {{int:Version}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Viewcount&action=edit viewcount]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Viewcount|Talk]] </td><td> This page has been accessed $1 times. </td><td> {{int:Viewcount}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Viewprevnext&action=edit viewprevnext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Viewprevnext|Talk]] </td><td> View ($1) ($2) ($3). </td><td> {{int:Viewprevnext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Viewsource&action=edit viewsource]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Viewsource|Talk]] </td><td> View source </td><td> {{int:Viewsource}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Viewtalkpage&action=edit viewtalkpage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Viewtalkpage|Talk]] </td><td> View discussion </td><td> {{int:Viewtalkpage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wantedpages&action=edit wantedpages]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Wantedpages|Talk]] </td><td> Wanted pages </td><td> {{int:Wantedpages}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watch&action=edit watch]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Watch|Talk]] </td><td> Watch </td><td> {{int:Watch}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchdetails&action=edit watchdetails]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchdetails|Talk]] </td><td> ($1 pages watched not counting talk pages; $2 total pages edited since cutoff; $3... &lt;a href=&#39;$4&#39;&gt;show and edit complete list&lt;/a&gt;.) </td><td> {{int:Watchdetails}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watcheditlist&action=edit watcheditlist]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Watcheditlist|Talk]] </td><td> Here&#39;s an alphabetical list of your watched pages. Check the boxes of pages you want to remove from your watchlist and click the &#39;remove checked&#39; button at the bottom of the screen. </td><td> {{int:Watcheditlist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchlist&action=edit watchlist]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchlist|Talk]] </td><td> My watchlist </td><td> {{int:Watchlist}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchlistcontains&action=edit watchlistcontains]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchlistcontains|Talk]] </td><td> Your watchlist contains $1 pages. </td><td> {{int:Watchlistcontains}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchlistsub&action=edit watchlistsub]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchlistsub|Talk]] </td><td> (for user &quot;$1&quot;) </td><td> {{int:Watchlistsub}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchmethod-list&action=edit watchmethod-list]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchmethod-list|Talk]] </td><td> checking watched pages for recent edits </td><td> {{int:Watchmethod-list}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchmethod-recent&action=edit watchmethod-recent]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchmethod-recent|Talk]] </td><td> checking recent edits for watched pages </td><td> {{int:Watchmethod-recent}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchnochange&action=edit watchnochange]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchnochange|Talk]] </td><td> None of your watched items were edited in the time period displayed. </td><td> {{int:Watchnochange}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchnologin&action=edit watchnologin]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchnologin|Talk]] </td><td> Not logged in </td><td> {{int:Watchnologin}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchnologintext&action=edit watchnologintext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchnologintext|Talk]] </td><td> You must be &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Special:Userlogin&quot;&gt;logged in&lt;/a&gt; to modify your watchlist. </td><td> {{int:Watchnologintext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchthis&action=edit watchthis]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchthis|Talk]] </td><td> Watch this page </td><td> {{int:Watchthis}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Watchthispage&action=edit watchthispage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Watchthispage|Talk]] </td><td> Watch this page </td><td> {{int:Watchthispage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Welcomecreation&action=edit welcomecreation]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Welcomecreation|Talk]] </td><td> &lt;h2&gt;Welcome, $1!&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;Your account has been created. Don&#39;t forget to change your Wikipedia preferences. </td><td> {{int:Welcomecreation}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whatlinkshere&action=edit whatlinkshere]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Whatlinkshere|Talk]] </td><td> What links here </td><td> {{int:Whatlinkshere}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistacctext&action=edit whitelistacctext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Whitelistacctext|Talk]] </td><td> To be allowed to create accounts in this Wiki you have to &#91;&#91;Special:Userlogin&#124;log]] in and have the appropriate permissions. </td><td> {{int:Whitelistacctext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistacctitle&action=edit whitelistacctitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Whitelistacctitle|Talk]] </td><td> You are not allowed to create an account </td><td> {{int:Whitelistacctitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistedittext&action=edit whitelistedittext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Whitelistedittext|Talk]] </td><td> You have to &#91;&#91;Special:Userlogin&#124;login]] to edit pages. </td><td> {{int:Whitelistedittext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistedittitle&action=edit whitelistedittitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Whitelistedittitle|Talk]] </td><td> Login required to edit </td><td> {{int:Whitelistedittitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistreadtext&action=edit whitelistreadtext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Whitelistreadtext|Talk]] </td><td> You have to &#91;&#91;Special:Userlogin&#124;login]] to read pages. </td><td> {{int:Whitelistreadtext}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Whitelistreadtitle&action=edit whitelistreadtitle]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Whitelistreadtitle|Talk]] </td><td> Login required to read </td><td> {{int:Whitelistreadtitle}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wikipediapage&action=edit wikipediapage]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Wikipediapage|Talk]] </td><td> View project page </td><td> {{int:Wikipediapage}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wikititlesuffix&action=edit wikititlesuffix]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Wikititlesuffix|Talk]] </td><td> Wikipedia </td><td> {{int:Wikititlesuffix}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wlnote&action=edit wlnote]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Wlnote|Talk]] </td><td> Below are the last $1 changes in the last &lt;b&gt;$2&lt;/b&gt; hours. </td><td> {{int:Wlnote}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wlsaved&action=edit wlsaved]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Wlsaved|Talk]] </td><td> This is a saved version of your watchlist. </td><td> {{int:Wlsaved}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wlshowlast&action=edit wlshowlast]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Wlshowlast|Talk]] </td><td> Show last $1 hours $2 days $3 </td><td> {{int:Wlshowlast}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wrong_wfQuery_params&action=edit wrong_wfQuery_params]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Wrong_wfQuery_params|Talk]] </td><td> Incorrect parameters to wfQuery()&lt;br /&gt; Function: $1&lt;br /&gt; Query: $2 </td><td> {{int:Wrong_wfQuery_params}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Wrongpassword&action=edit wrongpassword]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Wrongpassword|Talk]] </td><td> The password you entered is incorrect. Please try again. </td><td> {{int:Wrongpassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourdiff&action=edit yourdiff]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Yourdiff|Talk]] </td><td> Differences </td><td> {{int:Yourdiff}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Youremail&action=edit youremail]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Youremail|Talk]] </td><td> Your email* </td><td> {{int:Youremail}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourname&action=edit yourname]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Yourname|Talk]] </td><td> Your user name </td><td> {{int:Yourname}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yournick&action=edit yournick]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Yournick|Talk]] </td><td> Your nickname (for signatures) </td><td> {{int:Yournick}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourpassword&action=edit yourpassword]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Yourpassword|Talk]] </td><td> Your password </td><td> {{int:Yourpassword}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourpasswordagain&action=edit yourpasswordagain]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Yourpasswordagain|Talk]] </td><td> Retype password </td><td> {{int:Yourpasswordagain}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourrealname&action=edit yourrealname]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Yourrealname|Talk]] </td><td> Your real name* </td><td> {{int:Yourrealname}} </td></tr><tr><td> [http://sa.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=MediaWiki:Yourtext&action=edit yourtext]<br> [[MediaWiki_talk:Yourtext|Talk]] </td><td> Your text </td><td> {{int:Yourtext}} </td></tr></table> 788 6034 2004-06-03T09:14:09Z Template namespace initialisation script MediaWiki:All messages moved to Template:All messages #redirect [[Template:All messages]] 789 6035 2004-06-03T09:14:10Z Template namespace initialisation script MediaWiki:All system messages moved to Template:All system messages #redirect [[Template:All system messages]] 790 6036 2004-06-03T09:14:10Z Template namespace initialisation script MediaWiki:Gnunote moved to Template:Gnunote #redirect [[Template:Gnunote]] 791 6037 2004-06-03T09:14:11Z Template namespace initialisation script MediaWiki:Sitesupportpage moved to Template:Sitesupportpage #redirect [[Template:Sitesupportpage]] 792 sysop 6038 2004-11-06T10:45:45Z 207.142.131.234 <table> <tr><td align="right"><a href="/w/wiki.phtml?title=Special:Allpages&amp;from=%27%27%27%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title ="Special:Allpages">'''डेविड हिल्बर्ट</a></td><td> to </td><td align="left">ओहैओ</td></tr> <tr><td align="right"><a href="/w/wiki.phtml?title=Special:Allpages&amp;from=%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title ="Special:Allpages">कगायान</a></td><td> to </td><td align="left">रेल परिवहन</td></tr> <tr><td align="right"><a href="/w/wiki.phtml?title=Special:Allpages&amp;from=%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%90%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1" title ="Special:Allpages">रोड ऐलैंड</a></td><td> to </td><td align="left">९ मार्च</td></tr> </table> 793 6039 2004-10-29T17:25:36Z 130.39.222.122 #REDIRECT [[कर्णाटक सङ्गीतं]] 794 6040 2004-08-25T09:01:51Z Murtasa 17 विश्व में कई प्रकार के '''धर्म''' हैं: [[सनातन धर्म]], [[यहूदी]], [[ईसाई]], [[इस्लाम]] ''सनातन धर्म'' का आरंभ [[वेद]] से माना जाता है । वेदोऽखिलोधर्ममूलम् । चार वेद हैं: * [[ऋग्वेद]] * [[यजुर्वेद]] * [[सामवेद]] * [[अथर्ववेद]] अन्य ग्रन्थ : * [[ब्राह्मणग्रन्थ]] * [[आरण्यक]] * [[उपनिषद]] * [[सूत्र]] * [[पुराण]] * [[भगवद्गीता]] * [[महाभारत]] * [[रामायण]] [[af:Religie]] [[ca:Religió]] [[da:Religion]] [[de:Religion]] [[en:Religion]] [[eo:Religio]] [[es:Religión]] [[fi:Uskonto]] [[fr:Religion]] [[nl:Religie]] [[ja:&#23447;&#25945;]] [[pl:Religia]] [[pt:Religião]] [[ro:Religie]] [[ru:&#1056;&#1077;&#1083;&#1080;&#1075;&#1080;&#1103;]] [[sv:Religion]] [[zh:&#23447;&#25945;]] 795 12592 2006-12-10T17:22:42Z Escarbot 175 robot Adding: cs, nn, no, ru, simple, ur, vi Modifying: hu गीतायाम् अष्टादश अध्यायाः सन्ति। दशमे अध्याये [[कृष्ण|श्रीकृष्णः]] स्वदिव्यस्वरूपं वर्णयति। एकादशे अध्याये सः [[अर्जुन|अर्जुनं]] स्वस्य विश्वरूपं दर्शयति। द्वादशे अध्याये भक्तस्य दिव्यगुणाः वर्णिताः। अध: संपूर्ण '''भगवद्गीताग्रन्थस्य अध्यायसूची'''- * http://wikisource.org/wiki/भगवद्_गीता [[cs:Bhagavadgíta]] [[de:Bhagavad Gita]] [[el:Μπαγκαβάτ Γκίτα]] [[en:Bhagavad Gita]] [[eo:Bhagavadgitao]] [[es:Bhagavad-gita]] [[fa:باگاوادگیتا]] [[fi:Bhagavad Gita]] [[fr:Bhagavad-Gîtâ]] [[he:בהגאוואד גיטה]] [[hi:भगवद्गीता]] [[hu:Bhagavad-gíta]] [[id:Bhagawad Gita]] [[it:Bhagavad Gita]] [[ja:バガヴァッド・ギーター]] [[ms:Bhagavad Gita]] [[nl:Bhagavad Gita]] [[nn:Bhagavad-gita]] [[no:Bhagavadgita]] [[pl:Bhagawad Gita]] [[pt:Bhagavad Gita]] [[ru:Бхагавад-гита]] [[simple:Bhagavad Gita]] [[sv:Bhagavad-Gita]] [[ta:பகவத் கீதை]] [[te:భగవద్గీత]] [[uk:Бгагавад-Гіта]] [[ur:بھگوت گیتا]] [[vi:Bhagavad Gita]] [[zh:薄伽梵歌]] 814 6060 2004-09-27T13:10:30Z 65.0.122.112 [[de:Rig Veda]] [[en:Rig Veda]] [[eo:Rigvedo]] [[ja:リグ・ヴェーダ]] [[pl:Rygweda]] [[hi:ऋग्वेद]] '''[[ऋग्वेद]]''': [[सनातन धर्म]]स्य ([[हिन्दुधर्म]]स्य) मूलग्रन्थ:. एतेन १०१७ सूक्तानि सन्ति. वेदस्य परिभाषा ज्ञानं अस्ति. पण्डितेन्‌ अनुमानेन्‌ ऋग्वेद: ५,००० वर्षानि प्राचीनं अस्ति. ==बाह्य ग्रन्थय:== * [http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/rigveda/index.htm ऋग्वेद: English translation ] * [http://www.intratext.com/ixt/SAN0010/_index.htm ऋग्वेद: मूलग्रन्थ: ITRANS encoding] 815 6061 2004-10-03T15:00:03Z 65.0.107.166 '''भूगोल''' शास्त्रं [[पृथिवी]] स्थानज्ञानं अस्‍ति । पृथिवीस्या सप्त [[महाद्वीपा]]: सन्‍ति -- [[एशिया]], [[यूरोप]], [[अफ्रीका]], [[उत्तर अमेरिका]], [[दक्षिण अमेरिका]], [[आस्ट्रेलिया]], [[अन्टार्क्टिका]] । ==सम्बद्घ: विषय:== *[[देशा:]] <!-- Interlanguage links --> [[af:Geografie]] [[ar:إستونيا]] [[bs:Geografija]] [[ca:Geografia]] [[co:Geografia]] [[cs:Zeměpis]] [[cy:Daearyddiaeth]] [[da:Geografi]] [[de:Geographie]] [[el:Γεωγραφία]] [[en:Geography]] [[eo:Geografio]] [[es:Geografía]] [[et:Geograafia]] [[fr:Géographie]] [[fy:Geografy]] [[gl:Xeografía]] [[he:גיאוגרפיה]] [[hu:Földrajztudomány]] [[hr:Zemljopis]] [[ia:Geographia]] [[id:Geografi]] [[it:Geografia]] [[ja:地理学]] [[ko:지리학]] [[ks:Geografia]] [[la:Geographia]] [[lt:Geografija]] [[lv:Geografija]] [[ms:Geografi]] [[nds:Geographie]] [[nl:Geografie]] [[no:Geografi]] [[oc:Geografia]] [[pl:Geografia]] [[pt:Geografia]] [[ro:Geografie]] [[ru:География]] [[simple:Geography]] [[sl:Geografija]] [[sr:Географија]] [[sv:Geografi]] [[sw:Jiografia]] [[th:ภูมิศาสตร์]] [[tr:Coğrafya]] [[uk:Географя]] [[zh:地理学]] 816 13065 2006-12-22T23:57:11Z Thijs!bot 230 robot Removing: [[mo:Асия]] '''एशिया''' महाद्वीप में में निम्नलिखित देश हैं: * [[भारत]] * [[पाकिस्तान]] * [[बंगलादेश]] * [[चीन]] * [[जापान]] * [[नेपाल]] * [[कोरिया]] * [[ईरान]] * [[सऊदी अरब]] * [[अफगानिस्तान]] * [[इस्रेल]] * [[जार्डन]] * [[तुर्की]] * [[वियतनाम]] * [[मलयेशिया]] आदि । [[af:Asië]] [[an:Asia]] [[ar:آسيا]] [[arc:ܐܣܝܐ]] [[ast:Asia]] [[az:Asiya]] [[bar:Asien]] [[bat-smg:Azėjė]] [[bg:Азия]] [[bn:এশিয়া]] [[bo:ཡ་ཀྲོའུ་གླིང་]] [[bpy:এশিয়া]] [[br:Azia]] [[bs:Azija]] [[ca:Àsia]] [[ceb:Asya]] [[chr:ᎠᏏᎠ]] [[cs:Asie]] [[csb:Azëjô]] [[cy:Asia]] [[da:Asien]] [[de:Asien]] [[el:Ασία]] [[en:Asia]] [[eo:Azio]] [[es:Asia]] [[et:Aasia]] [[eu:Asia]] [[fa:آسیا]] [[fi:Aasia]] [[fo:Asia]] [[fr:Asie]] [[frp:Asia]] [[fy:Aazje]] [[ga:An Áise]] [[gl:Asia]] [[gu:એશિયા]] [[he:אסיה]] [[hi:जंबुद्वीप]] [[hr:Azija]] [[hsb:Azija]] [[ht:Azi]] [[hu:Ázsia]] [[ia:Asia]] [[id:Asia]] [[io:Azia]] [[is:Asía]] [[it:Asia]] [[ja:アジア]] [[jbo:zdotu'a]] [[ka:აზია]] [[kn:ಏಷ್ಯಾ]] [[ko:아시아]] [[ku:Asya]] [[kw:Asi]] [[la:Asia]] [[lb:Asien]] [[li:Azië]] [[lo:ອາຊີ]] [[lt:Azija]] [[lv:Āzija]] [[mg:Azia]] [[mk:Азија]] [[ml:ഏഷ്യ]] [[ms:Asia]] [[mt:Asja]] [[my:အာရ္ဟတိုက္‌]] [[nds:Asien]] [[ne:एसिया]] [[nl:Azië]] [[nn:Asia]] [[no:Asia]] [[nov:Asia]] [[nrm:Âsie]] [[oc:Asia]] [[os:Ази]] [[pam:Asia]] [[pdc:Asie]] [[pl:Azja]] [[pt:Ásia]] [[qu:Asiya]] [[ro:Asia]] [[ru:Азия]] [[scn:Asia]] [[sd:ايشيا]] [[se:Ásia]] [[sh:Azija]] [[si:ආසියාව]] [[simple:Asia]] [[sk:Ázia]] [[sl:Azija]] [[sq:Azia]] [[sr:Азија]] [[su:Asia]] [[sv:Asien]] [[sw:Asia]] [[ta:ஆசியா]] [[tg:Осиё]] [[th:ทวีปเอเชีย]] [[tk:Aziýa]] [[tl:Asya]] [[tpi:Asia]] [[tr:Asya]] [[udm:Азия]] [[ug:ئاسىيا]] [[uk:Азія]] [[vi:Châu Á]] [[war:Asya]] [[yi:אזיע]] [[zh:亚洲]] [[zh-classical:亞細亞洲]] [[zh-min-nan:A-chiu]] [[zh-yue:亞洲]] 817 12911 2006-12-18T20:50:14Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[mo:Индия]], [[ru-sib:Индия]] <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" > <caption> '''&#2349;&#2366;&#2352;&#2340; &#2327;&#2339;&#2352;&#2366;&#2332;&#2381;&#2351;''' </caption> <tr> <td style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2> <table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td align="center" width="140px">[[Image:India_flag_large.png|125px]]</td> <td align="center" width="140px" height="115px">[[Image:Emblem of India.svg|125px]]</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" width="140px">([[:en:Flag of India|In Detail]])</td> <td align="center" width="140px">([[:en:Emblem of India|In Detail]])</td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan=2 style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;"> <font size="-1"> ''National [[motto]]: "सत्यमेव जयते"''</font> </td> </tr> <tr><td>राष्‍ट्रिय [[पशु:]]</td><td>[[व्‍याघ्र:]]</td></tr> <tr><td>राष्‍ट्रिय [[पक्षी]]</td><td>[[मयूर:]]</td></tr> <tr><td>राष्‍ट्रिय [[पुष्‍पं]]</td><td>[[कमलं]]</td></tr> <tr> <td> [[आधिकारिक भाषा]] </td> <td>[[हिन्दी]] ([[भारतस्य भाषा:]])</td></tr> <tr> <td>[[राजधानी]] </td> <td>[[नई दिल्ली]]</td> </tr> <tr> <td>[[भारतस्‍य राष्ट्रपति: |राष्ट्रपति ]] </td> <td>[[अवुल पकिर जैनुलब्दीन अब्दुल कलाम|अब्दुल कलाम]]</td> </tr> <tr> <td>[[भारतस्‍य प्रधान मंत्री |प्रधानमंत्री]]</td> <td>[[मनमोहन सिंह]] </td> </tr> <tr> <td>[[Area]]<br>&nbsp;- Total <br>&nbsp;- % water</td> <td>[[List of countries by area|Ranked 7th]] <br> 3,287,590 [[वर्ग किलोमीटर|km&sup2;]] <br> 9.5%</td> </tr> <tr><td>[[जनसंख्या]] <br>&nbsp;- Total ([[2000]]) <br>&nbsp;- [[Population density|Density]] </td><td>[[List of countries by population|Ranked 2nd]] <br> 1,029,991,145 <br> 313/km&sup2; </td></tr> <tr> <td>[[स्वतंत्रता दिवस ]] </td> <td>[[India's independence movement|ब्रिटिश राज से स्वतंत्रता]] <br>[[15 अगस्त]], [[1947]]</td> </tr> <tr><td>[[मुद्रा]] </td><td>भारतीय [[रुपया]] (INR)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Time zone]] </td><td>[[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] +5.30</td></tr> <tr><td>[[राष्‍ट्रिय गीत]] </td><td>[[जन ग़ण मन]]</td></tr> <tr><td>राष्‍ट्रिय गान </td><td>[[वन्दे मातरम्‌]]</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Top-level domain|Internet TLD]]</td><td>.IN</td></tr> <tr><td>[[List_of_country_calling_codes|Calling Code]]</td><td>91</td></tr> </table> == भारतं, भारतवर्षं, भारतदेश:, [[जम्बूद्वीप:]] == भारतं एशिया महाद्वीपे दक्षिणे एक: महत्वपूर्णदेश: अस्ति । । एतद् विश्वस्य सर्वेन विशाल: गणतन्त्रदेश: । एषा जनसङ्‌ख्या ११० कोटि; भाषा: शतोपरि च । भारतवर्षस्‍य उत्तर दिशि पर्वतराज: [[हिमालय]]: अस्‍ति, दक्षिणे [[सिन्धु महासागर]]: अस्‍ति। भारतउत्तरे [[नेपाल]], [[तिब्बत]], चीन देशा: सन्ति । पश्चिमे [[पाकिस्तान]] । पूर्वे [[बर्मा]] एवं दक्षिणे [[श्रीलंका]] देशा: सन्ति । भारतस्य राजधानी [[दिल्ली]] अस्ति । अन्य मुख्य नगरा: [[मुम्बई]], [[कलकाता]] (कलकत्ता) [[चेन्नै]] सन्ति । == [[भारतस्य प्रान्ता: एवं तेषाम् राजधानी:]] == भारत्या: 29 प्रान्ता: एवं 6 केन्द्र द्वारा शासित: संघ राज्यक्षेत्रा: सन्ति । अरुणाचल प्रदेश ([[इटानगर]]); असम ([[दिसपुर]]); उत्तर प्रदेश ([[लखनऊ]]); उत्तरांचल ([[देहरादून]]); उड़ीसा / ଓଡ଼ିଶା ([[भुवनेश्वर]] / ଭୁବନେଶବର); आंध्र प्रदेश / ఆంధ్ర దేశం([[भागनगर]] / हैदराबाद / హైదరాబాదు); कर्णाटक / ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ ([[बंगलूर]] / ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು); केरल / കേരളം ([[तिरुवनंतपुरम]] / തിരുവനന്തപുരം); गोवा ([[पणजी]]); गुजरात / ગુજરાત ([[गाँधीनगर]] / ગાંધીનગર); छत्तीसगढ़ ([[रायपुर]]); जम्मू और कश्मीर / جۄم تٕ کٔشېر / جموں و کشمیر / जॅम तु' क'शीर ([[श्रीनगर]] / سِرېنَگَر / سرینگر / + [[जम्मू]] / جۄم / جموں / जॅम); झारखंड ([[रांची]]); तमिलनाडू / தமிழ்நாடு ([[चेन्‍नै]] / சென்னை); त्रिपुरा ([[अगरतला]]); नागालैंड ([[कोहिमा]]); पश्चिम बंगाल / পশ্চিম বঙ্গ ([[कलकाता]] / কলকাতা); पंजाब / ਪੰਜਾਬ ([[चंडीगढ़]] / ਚੰਡੀਗਢ਼); बिहार ([[पटना]]); मणिपुर ([[इम्फाल]]); मध्य प्रदेश ([[भोपाल]]); महाराष्ट्र ([[मुम्‍बई|मुंबई]]); मिज़ोरम ([[ऐज़ौल]]); मेघालय ([[शिलॉंग]]); राजस्थान ([[जयपुर]]); सिक्किम ([[गंगटोक]]); हरियाणा ([[चंडीगढ़]]); हिमाचल प्रदेश ([[शिमला]]); अंडमान और निकोबार द्वीप ([[पोर्ट ब्लेअर]]); चंडीगढ़; दमन और दियू ([[दमन]]); दादर और नगर हवेली ([[सिलवासा]]); दिल्ली; पॉंडिचेरी; लक्षद्वीप ([[कवरत्ती]]) *[[अंडमान और निकोबार द्वीप]] *[[अरुणाचल प्रदेश]] *[[असम]] *[[आन्ध्र प्रदेश]] *[[उड़ीसा]] *[[उत्तर प्रदेश]] *[[उत्तरांचल]] *[[कर्णाटक]] *[[केरल]] *[[गुजरात]] *[[गोवा]] *[[चंडीगढ़]] *[[छत्तीसगढ़]] *[[जम्मू-कश्मीर]] *[[झारखंड]] *[[तमिलनाडु]] *[[त्रिपुरा]] *[[दमन और दियू]] *[[दादर और नगर हवेली|दादरा और नगर हवेली]] *[[नागालैण्ड]] *[[दिल्ली]] *[[पंजाब]] *[[पश्चिम बंगाल]] *[[बिहार]] *[[मध्य प्रदेश]] *[[महाराष्ट्र]] *[[राजस्थान]] *[[पाण्डीचेरी]] *[[मणिपुर]] *[[मिज़ोरम]] *[[मेघालय]] *[[लक्षद्वीप]] *[[सिक्किम]] *[[हरियाणा]] *[[हिमाचल प्रदेश]] भारतस्य राष्ट्रीय गीत [[जन गण मन]] गुरुदेव [[रवीन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर]]वर्येन लिखित: । भारतस्य राष्ट्रीय गान [[वन्दे मातरम]] [[बंकिम चंद्र चटर्जी]]वर्येन लिखित: | ==भाषासूची== *[[संस्कृत]] *[[हिन्दी]] *[[तमिळ्‌]] *[[तेलुगु]] *[[मलयाळम्‌]] *[[कन्नड]] *[[मराठी]] *[[गुजराती]] *[[बाङ्गला]] *[[असमिया]] *[[ओडिया]] *[[पञ्जाबी]] *[[कश्मीरी]] *[[लद्दाखी]] ------ ==सम्‍बन्‍धित-विषया:== *[[भारतस्‍य इतिहास]]: *[[भारतीय-सूची]] *[[भारत-जन-सूची]] *[[सनातन धर्म]] *[[वास्‍तु]] *[[योग]] *[[वेदान्‍त]] *[[हिन्‍दु-मन्‍दिर]] *[[धर्म-संशोधन]] *[[भारतस्‍य राजनीति]] ==बाह्य ग्रन्थिय:== * [http://dmoz.org/World/Hindi/%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b7%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%af/%e0%a4%8f%e0%a4%b6%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be/%e0%a4%ad%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a4/ भारत समाचार ग्रन्थि:] * [http://india-n-indian.com/ih/ भारत-संस्कृति] * [http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/janganman.htm राष्ट्रिय ग़ीत ] [[aa:India]] [[ab:India]] [[af:Indië]] [[ak:India]] [[als:Indien]] [[am:ህንድ]] [[an:India]] [[ang:India]] [[ar:الهند]] [[arc:India]] [[as:ভারত]] [[ast:India]] [[av:India]] [[ay:India]] [[az:Hindistan]] [[ba:Һиндостан]] [[bat-smg:Indėjė]] [[be:Індыя]] [[bg:Индия]] [[bh:भारत]] [[bi:India]] [[bm:India]] [[bn:ভারত]] [[bo:India]] [[bpy:ভারত]] [[br:India]] [[bs:Indija]] [[bug:India]] [[ca:Índia]] [[cbk-zam:India]] [[ce:India]] [[ceb:Indiya]] [[ch:India]] [[cho:India]] [[chr:India]] [[chy:India]] [[co:India]] [[cr:India]] [[cs:Indie]] [[csb:Indie]] [[cv:Инди]] [[cy:India]] [[da:Indien]] [[de:Indien]] [[diq:Hindıstan]] [[dv:ހިންދުސްތާން]] [[dz:India]] [[ee:India]] [[el:Ινδία]] [[en:India]] [[eo:Barato]] [[es:India]] [[et:India]] [[eu:India]] [[fa:هند]] [[fi:Intia]] [[fiu-vro:India]] [[fj:India]] [[fo:India]] [[fr:Inde]] [[frp:Ende]] [[fur:Indie]] [[fy:Yndia]] [[ga:An India]] [[gd:Na h-Innseachan]] [[gl:India - भारत]] [[gn:India]] [[got:𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌰]] [[gu:ભારત]] [[gv:Yn Injey]] [[ha:India]] [[haw:ʻInia]] [[he:הודו]] [[hi:भारत]] [[ho:India]] [[hr:Indija]] [[ht:End]] [[hu:India]] [[hy:Հնդկաստան]] [[hz:India]] [[ia:India]] [[id:India]] [[ie:India]] [[ig:India]] [[ilo:India]] [[io:India]] [[is:Indland]] [[it:India]] [[iu:ᐃᓐᑎᐊ]] [[ja:インド]] [[jbo:xingu'e]] [[jv:India]] [[ka:ინდოეთი]] [[kg:India]] [[ki:India]] [[kj:India]] [[kk:Үндістан]] [[km:ឥណ្ឌា]] [[kn:ಭಾರತ]] [[ko:인도]] [[ks:ہِندوستان]] [[ksh:Inndije]] [[ku:Hindistan]] [[kv:India]] [[kw:Eynda]] [[ky:India]] [[la:India]] [[lb:Indien]] [[li:India]] [[lij:India]] [[lmo:India]] [[ln:India]] [[lo:India]] [[lt:Indija]] [[lv:Indija]] [[map-bms:India]] [[mg:India]] [[mh:India]] [[mi:Inia (whenua)]] [[mk:Индија]] [[ml:ഇന്ത്യ]] [[mn:Энэтхэг]] [[mo:Индия]] [[mr:भारत]] [[ms:India]] [[mt:Indja]] [[mus:India]] [[my:India]] [[na:India]] [[nah:Indiyān]] [[nap:Innia]] [[nds:Indien]] [[nds-nl:India]] [[ne:भारत]] [[ng:India]] [[nl:India]] [[nn:India]] [[no:India]] [[nov:India]] [[nrm:Înde]] [[nv:India]] [[ny:India]] [[oc:Índia]] [[om:India]] [[or:ଭାରତ]] [[os:Инди]] [[pa:ਭਾਰਤ]] [[pam:India]] [[pap:India]] [[pdc:India]] [[pi:भारत]] [[pih:India]] [[pl:Indie]] [[pms:India]] [[ps:هند]] [[pt:Índia]] [[qu:Indiya]] [[rm:India]] [[rmy:Indiya (Bharat)]] [[rn:India]] [[ro:India]] [[roa-rup:India]] [[ru:Индия]] [[ru-sib:Индия]] [[sc:Ìndia]] [[scn:Innia]] [[sco:Indie]] [[sd:India]] [[se:India]] [[sg:India]] [[sh:Indija]] [[si:ඉන්දියාව]] [[simple:India]] [[sk:India]] [[sl:Indija]] [[sm:India]] [[sn:India]] [[so:Hindiya]] [[sq:India]] [[sr:Индија]] [[ss:India]] [[st:India]] [[su:India]] [[sv:Indien]] [[sw:Uhindi]] [[ta:இந்தியா]] [[te:భారత దేశము]] [[tet:Índia]] [[tg:Ҳиндустон]] [[th:ประเทศอินเดีย]] [[ti:India]] [[tk:Hindistan]] [[tl:India]] [[to:ʻInitia]] [[tpi:India]] [[tr:Hindistan]] [[ts:India]] [[tt:Hindstan]] [[tum:India]] [[tw:India]] [[ty:’Inītia]] [[udm:Индия]] [[ug:ھىندىستان]] [[uk:Індія]] [[ur:بھارت]] [[uz:Hindiston]] [[ve:India]] [[vec:India]] [[vi:Ấn Độ]] [[vo:India]] [[wa:Inde]] [[war:India]] [[wo:India]] [[wuu:印度]] [[xal:India]] [[xh:India]] [[yi:אינדיע]] [[za:India]] [[zh:印度]] [[zh-min-nan:Ìn-tō͘]] [[zh-yue:印度]] [[zu:India]] 818 6064 2004-10-24T15:31:07Z 68.159.18.148 [[दाक्षम्]] [[आस्कन्द:]] [[क्रिकेट]] [[बेसबाल]] [[खेला:]] [[जलक्रीडा]] [[द्वन्द्वयुद्धम्]] [[लानम्‌]] [[पत्कन्दुक:]] [[अपातकन्दुक:]] 819 6065 2004-08-25T08:51:31Z Murtasa 17 '''द्वन्द्वयुद्धम्''' [[मल्लयुद्धम्]] [[मुष्टियुद्धम्]] [[जोडिका]] 820 6066 2004-08-25T07:48:04Z Murtasa 17 '''जलक्रीडा''' [[तरणम्‌]] [[प्लवनम्‌]] 821 10432 2006-04-26T22:54:25Z Eukesh 157 '''भाषा''' विश्ववाङ्मयेषु [[संस्कृत|संस्कृतं]] श्रेष्ठरत्‍नम् इति न केवलं [[भारत | भारते]] अपि तु समग्रविश्वे एतद्विषये निर्णयाधिकारिभि: जनै: स्वीकृतम् । महर्षि [[पाणिनि]]ना विरचिता [[अष्टाध्यायी]] इति संस्कृतव्याकरणम् अधुनापि भारते विदेशेषु च भाषाविज्ञानिनां प्रेरणास्थानं वर्तते । ==सम्‍बद्ध विषय:== *[[प्रोक्ति-विज्ञान]] *[[वाक्य-विज्ञान]] *[[रूप-विज्ञान]] *[[अर्थ-विज्ञान]] *[[ध्‍वनि-विज्ञान]] *[[शब्‍द-विज्ञान]] *[[लिपि]] *[[व्‍याकरण]] ==[[भाषा-परिवार]]== *[[अयोगात्‍मक]] *[[योगात्‍मक]] **[[प्रश्‍लिष्‍ट]] **[[अश्‍लिष्‍ट]] **[[श्‍लिष्‍ट]] ***[[अन्‍तर्मुखी]] ****[[संयोगात्‍मक]] ****[[वियोगात्‍मक]] ***[[बहिर्मुखी]] ****[[संयोगात्‍मक]] ****[[वियोगात्‍मक]] ==भाषा सूची== *[[संस्कृत]] *[[हिन्दी]] *[[द्रविड-भाषा]] *[[चीन-भाषा]] *[[नेपाल भाषा]] 823 12888 2006-12-18T19:12:23Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: bn, ca, es, fi, gl, hu, ia, it, ml, nl, ru, th Modifying: hi, pl '''पाणिनि''' (५६०-४८० ई.पू.) महर्षि पाणिनिना विरचिता [[अष्‍टाध्‍यायी]] इति [[संस्‍कृत]][[व्‍याकरण]]म्‌ अधुनापि भारते विदेशेषु च भाषाविज्ञानिनां प्रेरणास्‍थानं वर्तते . [[bn:পাণিনি]] [[ca:Panini]] [[da:Panini]] [[de:Panini (Grammatiker)]] [[en:Pāṇini]] [[es:Panini (lengua)]] [[fi:Pāṇini]] [[fr:Pānini]] [[gl:Pāṇini - पाणिनि]] [[hi:पाणिनि]] [[hu:Pánini]] [[ia:Pāṇini]] [[id:Pāṇini]] [[it:Pāṇini]] [[ja:パーニニ]] [[ml:പാണിനി]] [[nl:Pāṇini]] [[pl:Pāṇini]] [[ru:Панини]] [[sv:Panini (vetenskapsman)]] [[th:ปาณินิ]] 825 6069 2004-09-05T02:59:37Z Murtasa 17 [[अधिकारी]] [[अभिकर्ता]] [[अभिनेता]] [[अभिनेत्री]] [[कलाकार]]: [[कुम्भकार]]: [[कृषक]]: [[नर्तक]]: [[नर्तकी]] [[नापित]]: [[नाविक]]: [[पाचक]]: [[भारिक]]: [[मेषपाल]]: [[यान्त्रिक]]: [[रक्षिक]]: [[लिपिक]]: [[लेखक]]: [[लेखापाल]]: [[लेपक]]: [[लोहकार]]: 826 6070 2004-08-25T08:24:11Z Murtasa 17 [[दाक्षक]]: [[दाक्षकी]] [[युग्मदण्डम्]] [[वियुग्मदण्डम्]] [[युग्मवलयम्]] [[दोलवलयम्]] [[स्थिरवलयलम्]] [[मुक्तस्थव्यायाम]]: [[लोटनम्]] [[उत्पतनी]] [[धरणी]] [[सौबल]]: 827 12166 2006-12-01T14:27:26Z Escarbot 175 robot Adding: bg, bn, de, eo, es, fi, fr, hi, id, it, ja, kn, ml, mr, nl, no, pl, pt, ru, simple, sr, sv, ta, zh Modifying: gl '''मनमोहन सिंह''' पञ्जाबे १९३२ तमे जात:. उच्च-शिक्षार्थाय स: इंग्लैंड देशे गतवान्‌. स: भारतस्य प्रधान मन्त्री २००४ तमे अभवत्‌. *[[भारतस्य प्रधान मन्त्री]] [[bg:Манмохан Сингх]] [[bn:মনমোহন সিং]] [[de:Manmohan Singh]] [[en:Manmohan Singh]] [[eo:Manmohan Singh]] [[es:Manmohan Singh]] [[fi:Manmohan Singh]] [[fr:Manmohan Singh]] [[gl:Manmohan Singh - ਮਨਮੋਹਨ ਸਿੰਘ]] [[hi:मनमोहन सिंह]] [[id:Manmohan Singh]] [[it:Manmohan Singh]] [[ja:マンモハン・シン]] [[kn:ಮನಮೋಹನ್ ಸಿ೦ಗ್]] [[ml:ഡോ.മന്‍മോഹന്‍ സിംഗ്‌]] [[mr:मनमोहनसिंग]] [[nl:Manmohan Singh]] [[no:Manmohan Singh]] [[pl:Manmohan Singh]] [[pt:Manmohan Singh]] [[ru:Сингх, Манмохан]] [[simple:Manmohan Singh]] [[sr:Манмохан Синг]] [[sv:Manmohan Singh]] [[ta:மன்மோகன் சிங்]] [[zh:曼莫汉·辛格]] 828 12596 2006-12-11T00:18:32Z Zwobot 86 robot Adding: es, fr, hi, id, ja, pt, ru, sk, ta, tr, zh Modifying: de, en, sv * [[कृष्‍णयजुर्वेद:]] * [[शुक्‍लयजुर्वेद:]] [[de:Yajurveda]] [[en:Yajurveda]] [[es:Yajurveda]] [[fr:Yajur-Veda]] [[hi:यजुर्वेद संहिता]] [[id:Yayurweda]] [[ja:ヤジュル・ヴェーダ]] [[pl:Jadźurweda]] [[pt:Yajur Veda]] [[ru:Яджурведа]] [[sk:Jadžurvéd]] [[sv:Yajurveda]] [[ta:யசுர் வேதம்]] [[tr:Yajurveda]] [[zh:耶柔吠陀]] 829 12848 2006-12-18T07:42:22Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Modifying: [[hu:Upanisadok]] '''Please add more texts to Wikisource, not here:''' http://wikisource.org/wiki/उपनिषद् इत्क्ष्तित्ले.. १०८ उपनिषद् - मुक्तिक उपनिषद् .. '''''उपनिषद् सूची १०८''''' # [[ईशावास्‍य उपनिषद्|ईश]] =शुक्ल यजुर्वेद,मुख्य उपनिषद् # [[केन उपनिषद्‌|केन]] =साम वेद,मुख्य उपनिषद् # [[कठ उपनिषद्]] =कृष्ण यजुर्वेद,मुख्य उपनिषद् # [[प्रश्‍न उपनिषद्‌|प्रश्न]] =अथर्व वेद,मुख्य उपनिषद् # [[मुण्डक उपनिषद्]] =अथर्व वेद,मुख्य उपनिषद् # [[माण्डुक्य उपनिषद्]] =अथर्व वेद,मुख्य उपनिषद् # [[तैत्तिरीय उपनिषद्]] =कृष्ण यजुर्वेद,मुख्य उपनिषद् # [[ऐतरेय उपनिषद्]] =ऋग् वेद,मुख्य उपनिषद् # [[छान्दोग्य उपनिषद्]] =साम वेद,मुख्य उपनिषद् # [[बृहदारण्यक उपनिषद्]] =शुक्ल यजुर्वेद,मुख्य उपनिषद् # [[ब्रह्म उपनिषद्]] =कृष्ण यजुर्वेद,संन्यास उपनिषद् # [[कैवल्य उपनिषद्]] =कृष्ण यजुर्वेद,शैव उपनिषद् # [[जाबाल उपनिषद्]](यजुर्वेद)=शुक्ल यजुर्वेद,संन्यास उपनिषद् # [[श्वेताश्वतर उपनिषद्]]=कृष्ण यजुर्वेद,सामान्य उपनिषद् # [[हंस उपनिषद्]] =शुक्ल यजुर्वेद,योग उपनिषद् # [[आरुणेय उपनिषद्]] =साम वेद,संन्यास उपनिषद् # [[गर्भ उपनिषद्]] =कृष्ण यजुर्वेद,सामान्य उपनिषद् # [[नारायण उपनिषद्]] =कृष्ण यजुर्वेद,वैष्णव उपनिषद् # [[परमहंस उपनिषद्]] =शुक्ल यजुर्वेद,संन्यास उपनिषद् # [[अमृत-बिन्दु उपनिषद्]]=कृष्ण यजुर्वेद,योग उपनिषद् # [[अमृत-नाद उपनिषद्]] =कृष्ण यजुर्वेद,योग उपनिषद् # [[अथर्व-शिर उपनिषद्]] =अथर्व वेद,शैव उपनिषद् # [[अथर्व-शिख उपनिषद्]] =अथर्व वेद,शैव उपनिषद् # [[मैत्रायणि उपनिषद्]] =साम वेद,सामान्य उपनिषद् # [[कौषीतकि उपनिषद्]] =ऋग् वेद,सामान्य उपनिषद् # [[बृहज्जाबाल उपनिषद्]] =अथर्व वेद,शैव उपनिषद् # [[नृसिंहतापनी उपनिषद्]] =अथर्व वेद,वैष्णव उपनिषद् # [[कालाग्निरुद्र उपनिषद्]] =कृष्ण यजुर्वेद,शैव उपनिषद् # [[मैत्रेयि उपनिषद्]] =साम वेद,संन्यास उपनिषद् # [[सुबाल उपनिषद्]] =शुक्ल यजुर्वेद,सामान्य उपनिषद् # [[क्षुरिक उपनिषद्]] =कृष्ण यजुर्वेद,योग उपनिषद् # [[मान्त्रिक उपनिषद्]] =शुक्ल यजुर्वेद,सामान्य उपनिषद् # [[सर्व-सार उपनिषद्]] =कृष्ण यजुर्वेद,सामान्य उपनिषद् # [[निरालम्ब उपनिषद्]] =शुक्ल यजुर्वेद,सामान्य उपनिषद् # [[शुक-रहस्य उपनिषद्]] =कृष्ण यजुर्वेद,सामान्य उपनिषद् # [[वज्रसूचि उपनिषद्]] =साम वेद,सामान्य उपनिषद् # [[तेजो-बिन्दु उपनिषद्]] =कृष्ण यजुर्वेद,संन्यास उपनिषद् # [[नाद-बिन्दु उपनिषद्]] =ऋग् वेद,योग उपनिषद् # [[ध्यानबिन्दु उपनिषद्]] =कृष्ण यजुर्वेद,योग उपनिषद् # [[ब्रह्मविद्या उपनिषद्]] =कृष्ण यजुर्वेद,योग उपनिषद् # [[योगतत्त्व उपनिषद्]] =कृष्ण यजुर्वेद,योग उपनिषद् # [[आत्मबोध उपनिषद्]] =ऋग् वेद,सामान्य उपनिषद् # [[परिव्रात् उपनिषद्]] (नारदपरिव्राजक)=अथर्व वेद,संन्यास उपनिषद् # [[त्रिषिखि उपनिषद्]] =शुक्ल यजुर्वेद,योग उपनिषद् # [[सीता उपनिषद्]] =अथर्व वेद,शाक्त उपनिषद् # [[योगचूडामणि उपनिषद्]] =साम वेद,योग उपनिषद् # [[निर्वाण उपनिषद्]] =ऋग् वेद,संन्यास उपनिषद् # [[मण्डलब्राह्मण उपनिषद्]] =शुक्ल यजुर्वेद,योग उपनिषद् # [[दक्षिणामूर्ति उपनिषद्]] =कृष्ण यजुर्वेद,शैव उपनिषद् # [[शरभ उपनिषद्]] =अथर्व वेद,शैव उपनिषद् # [[स्कन्द उपनिषद्]] (त्रिपाड्विभूटि)=कृष्ण यजुर्वेद,सामान्य उपनिषद् # महानारायण उपनिषद् =अथर्व वेद,वैष्णव उपनिषद् # अद्वयतारक उपनिषद् =शुक्ल यजुर्वेद,संन्यास उपनिषद् # रामरहस्य उपनिषद् =अथर्व वेद,वैष्णव उपनिषद् # रामतापणि उपनिषद् =अथर्व वेद,वैष्णव उपनिषद् # वासुदेव उपनिषद् =साम वेद,वैष्णव उपनिषद् # मुद्गल उपनिषद् =ऋग् वेद,सामान्य उपनिषद् # शाण्डिल्य उपनिषद् =अथर्व वेद,योग उपनिषद् # पैंगल उपनिषद् =शुक्ल यजुर्वेद,सामान्य उपनिषद् # भिक्षुक उपनिषद् =शुक्ल यजुर्वेद,संन्यास उपनिषद् # महत् उपनिषद् =साम वेद,सामान्य उपनिषद् # शारीरक उपनिषद् =कृष्ण यजुर्वेद,सामान्य उपनिषद् # योगशिखा उपनिषद् =कृष्ण यजुर्वेद,योग उपनिषद् # तुरीयातीत उपनिषद् =शुक्ल यजुर्वेद,संन्यास उपनिषद् # संन्यास उपनिषद् =साम वेद,संन्यास उपनिषद् # परमहंस-परिव्राजक उपनिषद् =अथर्व वेद,संन्यास उपनिषद् # अक्षमालिक उपनिषद् =ऋग् वेद,शैव उपनिषद् # अव्यक्त उपनिषद् =साम वेद,वैष्णव उपनिषद् # एकाक्षर उपनिषद् =कृष्ण यजुर्वेद,सामान्य उपनिषद् # अन्नपूर्ण उपनिषद् =अथर्व वेद,शाक्त उपनिषद् # सूर्य उपनिषद् =अथर्व वेद,सामान्य उपनिषद् # अक्षि उपनिषद् =कृष्ण यजुर्वेद,सामान्य उपनिषद् # अध्यात्मा उपनिषद् =शुक्ल यजुर्वेद,सामान्य उपनिषद् # कुण्डिक उपनिषद् =साम वेद,संन्यास उपनिषद् # सावित्रि उपनिषद् =साम वेद,सामान्य उपनिषद् # आत्मा उपनिषद् =अथर्व वेद,सामान्य उपनिषद् # पाशुपत उपनिषद् =अथर्व वेद,योग उपनिषद् # परब्रह्म उपनिषद् =अथर्व वेद,संन्यास उपनिषद् # अवधूत उपनिषद् =कृष्ण यजुर्वेद,संन्यास उपनिषद् # त्रिपुरातपनि उपनिषद् =अथर्व वेद,शाक्त उपनिषद् # देवि उपनिषद् =अथर्व वेद,शाक्त उपनिषद् # त्रिपुर उपनिषद् =ऋग् वेद,शाक्त उपनिषद् # कठरुद्र उपनिषद् =कृष्ण यजुर्वेद,संन्यास उपनिषद् # भावन उपनिषद् =अथर्व वेद,शाक्त उपनिषद् # रुद्र-हृदय उपनिषद् =कृष्ण यजुर्वेद,शैव उपनिषद् # योग-कुण्डलिनि उपनिषद् =कृष्ण यजुर्वेद,योग उपनिषद् # भस्म उपनिषद् =अथर्व वेद,शैव उपनिषद् # रुद्राक्ष उपनिषद् =साम वेद,शैव उपनिषद् # गणपति उपनिषद् =अथर्व वेद,शैव उपनिषद् # दर्शन उपनिषद् =साम वेद,योग उपनिषद् # तारसार उपनिषद् =शुक्ल यजुर्वेद,वैष्णव उपनिषद् # महावाक्य उपनिषद् =अथर्व वेद,योग उपनिषद् # पञ्च-ब्रह्म उपनिषद् =कृष्ण यजुर्वेद,शैव उपनिषद् # प्राणाग्नि-होत्र उपनिषद् =कृष्ण यजुर्वेद,सामान्य उपनिषद् # गोपाल-तपणि उपनिषद् =अथर्व वेद,वैष्णव उपनिषद् # कृष्ण उपनिषद् =अथर्व वेद,वैष्णव उपनिषद् # याज्ञवल्क्य उपनिषद् =शुक्ल यजुर्वेद,संन्यास उपनिषद् # वराह उपनिषद् =कृष्ण यजुर्वेद,संन्यास उपनिषद् # शात्यायनि उपनिषद् =शुक्ल यजुर्वेद,संन्यास उपनिषद् # हयग्रीव उपनिषद् (१००)=अथर्व वेद,वैष्णव उपनिषद् # दत्तात्रेय उपनिषद् =अथर्व वेद,वैष्णव उपनिषद् # गारुड उपनिषद् =अथर्व वेद,वैष्णव उपनिषद् # कलि-सण्टारण उपनिषद् =कृष्ण यजुर्वेद,वैष्णव उपनिषद् # जाबाल उपनिषद्(सामवेद)=साम वेद,शैव उपनिषद् # सौभाग्य उपनिषद् =ऋग् वेद,शाक्त उपनिषद् # सरस्वती-रहस्य उपनिषद् =कृष्ण यजुर्वेद,शाक्त उपनिषद् # बह्वृच उपनिषद् =ऋग् वेद,शाक्त उपनिषद् # मुक्तिक उपनिषद् (१०८)=शुक्ल यजुर्वेद,सामान्य उपनिषद् [[cs:Upanišady]] [[de:Upanishaden]] [[en:Upanishad]] [[es:Upanishad]] [[fi:Upanishad]] [[fr:Upanishad]] [[he:אופנישדות]] [[hi:उपनिषद् सूची]] [[hu:Upanisadok]] [[it:Upaniṣad]] [[ja:ウパニシャッド]] [[ko:우파니샤드]] [[lt:Upanišados]] [[lv:Upanišadas]] [[nl:Upanishad]] [[nn:Upanisjad]] [[pl:Upaniszady]] [[pt:Upanishad]] [[ru:Упанишады]] [[simple:Upanishad]] [[sk:Upanišády]] [[ta:உபநிடதம்]] [[tr:Upanişad]] [[uk:Упанішади]] [[vi:Áo nghĩa thư]] 830 10160 2006-01-24T09:28:22Z 59.95.248.46 [[en:Prime Minister of India]] [[eo:Cxefministroj de Barato]] '''भारतस्य प्रधान मन्त्री''' * [[जवाहरलाल नेहरू]] * [[लाल बहादुर शास्त्री]] * [[गुलझारी लाल नंदा]] * [[इन्दिरा गान्धी]] * [[मोरारजी देसाई]] * [[चरण सिंह]] * [[राजीव गान्धी]] * [[विश्वनाथ प्रताप सिंह]] * [[चन्द्र शेखर]] * [[नरसिंह राव]] * [[अटल बिहारी वाजपेयी]] * [[देव गौडा]] * [[इन्द्र कुमार गुजराल]] * [[मनमोहन सिंह]] 831 6075 2004-11-02T20:55:34Z Yann 25 cleaned 832 6076 2004-08-25T09:37:54Z Murtasa 17 अधस्तात् भारतीय-पुष्पाणां नामानि तेषाम् आध्यात्‍मिकं तात्पर्यं च प्रदत्तानि -- अर्कम् -- साहसम् अशोकम् -- अशोकम् उत्पलम् -- विभव: कदम्बम् -- अतिमानस-[[सूर्य]] कमलम् कामिनी -- प्राणे शान्ति [[तुलसी]] -- भक्ति: मालती -- उदयन्ती [[तारा]] मल्ली, मल्लिका -- शुचिता माधवी -- आध्यात्मिक-साफाल्यम् मधुमालती -- अनुवर्तिता शिरीषम् -- पूर्णप्रज्ञा शेफाली -- अभीप्सा सूर्यमुखी -- ज्‍योतिरभिमुखी [[चेतना]] स्थलपद्मम् -- भागवती कृपा 833 12709 2006-12-16T02:12:12Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: ar, et, gd, id, ku, ml, ur Modifying: he '''रवीन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर''' (1861-1941) (বাংলা: '''রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর''') बङ्गाल प्रदेशे जात:. स: महान्‌ कवि:, लेखक:, चिन्तक: च आसीत्‌. तस्य जन्म [[कलकाता]] नगरे अभवत्‌. तस्य पिता [[देवेन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर]] आसीत्‌. स: नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेता (१९१३)तमे अभवत्‌. स: १९०१तमे शान्तिनिकेतने [[विश्वभारती विद्यापीठं]] स्थापितं. ==पश्य== *[[ठाकुर परिवार]] ==External links== *[http://www.parabaas.com/rabindranath Rabindranath Section in Parabaas] *[http://www.visva-bharati.ac.in Visva-Bharati] *[http://www.calcuttaweb.com/tagore/tagore.htm contains some of Tagore's English works] *[http://www.nobel.se/literature/laureates/1913/tagore-bio.html Biography of Tagore on the official website of the Nobel Foundation] *[http://www.nobel.se/literature/laureates/1913/press.html Nobel Prize in Literature Presentation Speech from the official website of Nobel Foundation] *[http://www.calcuttaweb.com/tagore/ Section about Tagore on Calcuttaweb.com] is in [[Bengali]] but has some nice photographs [[ar:رابندراناث طاغور]] [[bg:Рабиндранат Тагор]] [[bn:রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর]] [[ca:Rabindranath Tagore]] [[cs:Rabíndranáth Thákur]] [[de:Rabindranath Tagore]] [[en:Rabindranath Tagore]] [[eo:Rabindranath Tagore]] [[es:Rabindranath Tagore]] [[et:Rabindranath Tagore]] [[fa:رابیندرانات تاگور]] [[fi:Rabindranath Tagore]] [[fr:Rabîndranâth Tagore]] [[gd:Rabindranath Tagore]] [[he:רבינדרנת טאגור]] [[hi:रवीन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर]] [[hu:Rabindranath Tagore]] [[id:Rabindranath Tagore]] [[it:Rabindranath Tagore]] [[ja:ラビンドラナート・タゴール]] [[ka:თაგორი, რაბინდრანათ]] [[ko:라빈드라나트 타고르]] [[ks:रवीन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर]] [[ku:Rabindranath Tagore]] [[lt:Rabindranatas Tagorė]] [[ml:രബീന്ദ്രനാഥ ടാഗോര്‍]] [[nl:Rabindranath Tagore]] [[no:Rabindranath Tagore]] [[pl:Rabindranath Tagore]] [[pt:Rabindranath Tagore]] [[ro:Rabindranath Tagore]] [[ru:Тагор, Рабиндранат]] [[simple:Rabindranath Tagore]] [[sk:Rabíndranáth Thákur]] [[sr:Рабиндранат Тагоре]] [[sv:Rabindranath Tagore]] [[sw:Rabindranath Tagore]] [[ta:இரவீந்திரநாத் தாகூர்]] [[te:ఠాగూర్]] [[th:รพินทรนาถ ฐากูร]] [[tr:Rabindranath Tagore]] [[uk:Тагор Рабіндранат]] [[ur:رابندر ناتھ ٹیگور]] [[vi:Rabindranath Tagore]] [[zh:罗宾德拉纳特·泰戈尔]] [[zh-min-nan:Rabíndranáth Thákur]] 834 12368 2006-12-07T03:20:29Z सहाय 223 '''संस्‍कृतं''' पृथिव्‍यां प्राचीना समृद्घा वैज्ञानिकी च भाषा मन्‍यते । विश्‍ववाङ्‌मयेषु संस्‍कृतं श्रेष्‍ठरत्‍नम्‌ इति न केवलं भारते अपि तु समग्रविश्‍वे एतद्‌विषये निर्णयाधिकारिभि: जनै: स्‍वीकृतम्‌ । महर्षि [[पाणिनि]]ना विरचिता [[अष्‍टाध्‍यायी]] इति संस्‍कृतव्‍याकरणम्‌ अधुनापि भारते विदेशेषु च भाषाविज्ञानिनां प्रेरणास्‍थानं वर्तते . संस्‍कृतशब्‍दा: एव उत्तरं दक्षिणं च भारतं संयोजयन्‍ति । संस्कृतात् प्राय: सर्वा अपि [[भारत|भारतीय]]भाषा: उद्भूता:। संस्‍कृतभाषाया: भारतीयजीवने विश्‍वजीवने च महत्‍वपूर्णं स्‍थानं विद्यते. संस्‍कृतभाषाया: सुरभारती, देववाणी, देवीवाक्‌, गीर्वाणवाणी, देवभाषा, अमरभारती इत्‍यादीनि बहूनि नामानि प्रसिद्घानि सन्‍ति. संस्‍कृतस्‍य प्राचीनतम ग्रन्‍था: [[वेदा:]] सन्‍ति. {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300" ! colspan="2" bgcolor="lawngreen" style="font-size:120%"|(&#2360;&#2306;&#2360;&#2381;&#2325;&#2371;&#2340;&#2350;&#2381;) |- | valign="top"|क्षेत्र: |[[एशिया]] |- | valign="top"|देशा: |[[जम्‍बुद्वीप]], [[द्वीपान्‍तर]], [[नेपाल]] |- | valign="top"|वक्ता: |५० लाख |- | valign="top"|[[Language families and languages|Genetic]]<br/>[[Language families and languages|classification]]: |[[Indo-European]]<br/> &nbsp;[[Indo-Iranian]]<br/> &nbsp;&nbsp;[[आर्य]]<br/> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''संस्‍कृत''' |- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="lawngreen"|Official status |- | valign="top"|राजकीय भाषा: | valign="top"|[[भारत]] |- <!-- | valign="top"|Regulated by: | valign="top"|[[Language Academy]] |- --> ! colspan="2" bgcolor="lawngreen"|Language codes |- |[[ISO 639]]-1||sa |- |ISO 639-2||san |- |[[SIL]]||SKT |} == इतिहास: == एयं भाषा न केवलं [[भारत]]स्‍य अपितु विश्‍वस्‍यप्राचीनतमा भाषा मन्‍यते. इयं भाषा एतावती समृद्घा अस्‍ति यत्‌ प्राय: सर्वासु भारतीयभाषासु न्‍यूनाधिकरूपेण अस्‍या: शब्‍दा: प्रयुज्‍यन्‍ते. अत: भाषाविदां मते इयं सर्वासां भाषाणां जननी मन्‍यते. पुरा संस्कृत लोकभाषा आसीत्‌. जना: संस्कृतं वदन्ति स्म. विश्‍वस्‍य आदिम: ग्रन्‍थ: [[ऋग्‍वेद]]: संस्‍कृतभाषायामेवास्‍ति. अन्‍ये च वेद: यथा [[यजुर्वेद]]:, [[सामवेद]]:, [[अथर्ववेद]]श्‍च संस्‍कृतभाषायामेव सन्‍ति. [[आयुर्वेद]] [[धनुर्वेद]] [[गन्‍धर्ववेदार्थ]]वेदाख्‍या: चत्‍वार: [[उपवेदा]]: अपि संस्‍कृते एव विरचिता:. सर्वा: [[उपनिषद]]: संस्‍कृते उपनिबद्घा. अन्‍य ग्रन्‍था: - [[शिक्षा]], [[कल्‍प]], [[निरुक्त]], [[ज्‍योतिष]], [[छन्‍द]], [[व्‍याकरण]], [[वेदाङ्ग]], [[दर्शन]], [[इतिहास]], [[पुराण]], [[काव्‍य]], [[शास्‍त्र]]:. ==लिपि== संस्‍कृतलेखनस्‍य प्रतिरूपं [[सरस्‍वती लिपि]] आसीत्‌. कालान्‍तरे एतस्‍य रूपं [[ब्राह्मी लिपि]] बभूव. तत्‌ उत्तर: एतत्‌ रूपं [[देवनागरी लिपि]] परिवर्तेत. एतत्‌ अन्‍य रूपान्‍तराणि अधस्‍तात्‌ सन्‍ति -- [[बांग्‍ला लिपि]], [[शारदा लिपि]], [[तेलुगु लिपि]], [[तमिल लिपि]], [[यव-द्वीप लिपि]], [[कम्‍बोज लिपि]], [[कन्‍नड लिपि]], [[मलयालम लिपि]], [[गुजराती लिपि]], आदि. ==प्रभाव== === आधुनिक भारतं === राष्‍ट्रस्‍य एकताया अखण्‍डतायाश्‍च स्‍थापनायै संस्‍कृतमेव समर्थमस्‍ति यत: न केवलं अस्‍या: भाषाया एव शब्‍दा: मूलरूपेण सर्वासु भारतीयभाषासु लभ्‍यन्‍ते, अपितु सर्वत्र भारते भाषाणामेकताया: रक्षा अपि केवलं संस्‍कृतेनैव क्रियते. अस्‍यां भाषायां न केवलं भारतस्‍य अपितु निखिलस्‍यापि संसारस्‍य मानवाना कृते हितसाधका: जीवनोपयोगिनस्‍य सिद्धान्‍ता: प्रतिष्‍ठापिता: सन्‍ति. इयमेव सा भाषा यत्र ध्‍वने: लिखेश्‍च सर्वत्रैकरूपता वर्तते. == स्‍वरविज्ञान == पश्‍य: [[देवनागरी]] ===स्‍वर: === '''अ आ इ ई उ ऊ ए ऐ ओ औ ऋ अं अ:''' ===स्‍वरसन्‍धि === अ + अ = आ अ + इ = ए अ + उ = ओ इ + इ = ई उ + उ = ऊ ===व्‍यञ्‌जन=== '''क ख ग घ ङ च छ ज झ ञ ट ठ ड ढ ण त थ द ध न प फ ब भ म य र ल व श ष स ह क्ष त्र ज्ञ''' == रूप एवं वाक्‍य-विज्ञान == संस्‍कृते एकस्‍य धातो: रूपाणि अर्थकालानुसारेण दशसु लकारेशु भवन्‍ति । प्रत्‍येक-लकारे प्रथमपुरुष:, मध्‍यमपुरुष:, उत्तमपुरुष: इति त्रय: पुरुषा: सन्‍ति । *[[उपसर्गाः]] *[[बहुव्रीहि]] *[[कर्मधारीय]] *[[तत्‍पुरुष]] *[[धातुविमर्श:]] * [[संस्‍कृत साहित्‍य]] == पुनर्प्रवर्तन == संस्‍कृतभाषाया: साहित्‍यमतीव सरसं वर्तते तथास्‍या: व्‍याकरणं नितान्‍ती व्‍यवस्‍थितं अस्‍ति. व्‍याकरणं छन्‍दो बन्‍धनेऽपि संस्‍कृतसाहित्‍यं वैदिककालादारभ्‍य अद्यावधि सुललितं विराजते. वर्ण्‍यविषयाणां बाहुल्‍यात्‌ अस्‍या: भाषाया: शब्‍दकोष: अतिविशाल:. *[[अभिनन्दन-वाक्यानि]] *पश्‍य [[संस्‍कृत भारती]] == बाह्‌य ग्रन्‍थय: == *[http://sanskrit.gde.to/ संस्‍कृत-ग्रन्‍था:] *[http://www.geocities.com/giirvaani/ GiirvaaNi - Sanskrit Classical Literature with translation] *[http://www.americansanskrit.com/athome/online01/alphabet.html The Sanskrit Alphabet] *[http://homepage.ntlworld.com/stone-catend/trind.htm Transliteration of Indic Languages & Scripts - including devanagari for sanskrit] *[http://www.uni-koeln.de/phil-fak/indologie/tamil/mwd_search.html Monier-Williams Dictionary - Searchable] *[http://homepages.comnet.co.nz/~r-mahoney/mw_dict/mw_dict.html Monier-Wililams Dictionary - Downloadable] *[http://www.ibiblio.org/sripedia/ebooks/mw/0000/ Monier-Williams Dictionary - Printable] *[http://www.aczone.com/itrans/online/ Online Itrans] *[http://www.samskrita-bharati.org/ संस्‍कृत-भारती] *[http://spokensanskrit.de/ Online Sanskrit dictionary for spoken Sanskrit] [[da:Sanskrit]] [[de:Sanskrit]] [[en:Sanskrit]] [[eo:Sanskrito]] [[fr:Sanskrit]] [[hi:&#2360;&#2306;&#2360;&#2381;&#2325;&#2371;&#2340;]] [[mr:संस्‍कृत]][[nl:Sanskriet]] [[ja:&#12469;&#12531;&#12473;&#12463;&#12522;&#12483;&#12488;]] [[pl:Sanskryt]] [[sl:sanskrt]] [[sv:Sanskrit]][[en:Sanskrit]] 835 6079 2004-08-23T07:12:20Z 195.93.60.44 पत्कन्दुक: शिक्यकन्दुक: अपातकन्दुक: 837 12662 2006-12-14T11:31:01Z Escarbot 175 robot Adding: an, ang, ar, ast, az, bar, bat-smg, be, bg, bm, bn, br, bs, ceb, co, cs, cv, cy, el, et, eu, fa, fi, fiu-vro, fo, frp, fur, fy, ga, gl, gv, he, hi, hr, hu, ia, id, ilo, io, is, jbo, ka, ko, ku, la, lad, lb, li, lt, lv, mk, ms, mt, mzn, {{notsanskrit}} [[भारत]] में इतिहास के स्रोत हैं: [[ऋग्वेद]] और अन्य [[वेद]] ग्रन्थ, इतिहास [[पुराण]] आदि । पश्चिम में [[हिरोडोटस]] को प्रथम इतिहासकार मानते हैं । {{stub}} [[af:Geskiedenis]] [[an:Istoria]] [[ang:Stǣr]] [[ar:تاريخ]] [[ast:Hestoria]] [[az:Tarix]] [[bar:Geschichte]] [[bat-smg:Istuorėjė]] [[be:Гісторыя]] [[bg:История]] [[bm:Tariku]] [[bn:ইতিহাস]] [[br:Istor]] [[bs:Historija]] [[ca:Història]] [[ceb:Kasaysayan]] [[co:Storia]] [[cs:Historiografie]] [[cv:Истори]] [[cy:Hanes]] [[da:Historie]] [[de:Geschichte]] [[el:Ιστορία]] [[en:History]] [[eo:Historio]] [[es:Historia]] [[et:Ajalugu]] [[eu:Historia]] [[fa:تاریخ]] [[fi:Historia]] [[fiu-vro:Aolugu]] [[fo:Søga]] [[fr:Histoire]] [[frp:Histouère]] [[fur:Storie]] [[fy:Skiednis]] [[ga:Stair]] [[gl:Historia]] [[gv:Shennaghys]] [[he:היסטוריה]] [[hi:इतिहास]] [[hr:Povijest]] [[hu:Történelem]] [[ia:Historia]] [[id:Sejarah]] [[ilo:Pakasaritaan]] [[io:Historio]] [[is:Sagnfræði]] [[it:Storia]] [[ja:歴史]] [[jbo:citri]] [[ka:ისტორია]] [[ko:역사]] [[ku:Dîrok]] [[la:Historia]] [[lad:Istoria]] [[lb:Geschicht]] [[li:Historie]] [[lt:Istorija]] [[lv:Vēsture]] [[mk:Историја]] [[ms:Sejarah]] [[mt:Storja]] [[mzn:بگذشتی]] [[nds-nl:Geschiedenis]] [[nl:Geschiedenis]] [[nn:Historie]] [[no:Historie]] [[nov:Historie]] [[nrm:Histouère]] [[oc:Istòria]] [[pl:Historia]] [[ps:تاريخ]] [[pt:História]] [[ro:Istorie]] [[ru:История]] [[sc:Istòria]] [[scn:Storia]] [[sco:Historie]] [[sh:Historija]] [[simple:History]] [[sk:Dejiny]] [[sl:Zgodovina]] [[sr:Историја]] [[su:Sajarah]] [[sv:Historia]] [[sw:Historia]] [[ta:வரலாறு]] [[th:ประวัติศาสตร์]] [[tpi:Histori]] [[tr:Tarih]] [[tt:Taríx]] [[uk:Історія]] [[ur:تاريخ]] [[vec:Storia]] [[vi:Lịch sử]] [[yi:היסטאריע]] [[zh:历史]] [[zh-min-nan:Le̍k-sú]] [[zh-yue:歷史]] 838 6081 2004-08-25T09:12:13Z Murtasa 17 [[da:Dans]] [[de:Tanz]] [[en:Dance]] [[eo:Danco]] [[es:Danza]] [[fr:danse]] [[ja:&#12480;&#12531;&#12473;]] [[nl:Dans]] [[pl:Taniec]] [[zh:&#33310;&#36424;]] '''नृत्य''' का सबसे प्राचीनतम ग्रन्थ [[भरत मुनि]] का [[नाट्यशास्त्र]] है । 839 6082 2004-10-03T15:59:01Z 65.0.107.166 /* ज */ ==अ== [[अब्खाजिया]] - [[अफगानस्थान]] - [[अल्बानिया]] - [[अल्जीरिया]] - [[अंडोरा]] - [[अंगोला]] - [[अंटीग्वा]] - [[अर्जन्टीना]] - [[अजर्बैजान]] ==आ== [[आर्मीनिया]] - [[आस्ट्रिया]] - [[आस्ट्रेलिया]] - [[आयर्लैंड]] - [[आइसलैंड]] ==इ== [[इन्दोनेशिया]] - [[इस्रैल]] - [[इटली]] ==ई== [[ईराक]] - [[ईरान]] - [[ईजिप्ट]]- [[ईथ्योपिया]] ==उ== [[उरुग्वाय]] - [[उजबेकिस्थान]] ==ए== [[एक्वाडोर]] - [[एल-साल्वाडोर]] - [[एस्टोनिया]] - [[एरिट्रिया]] ==ऐ== [[कोट ऐवरी (ऐवरी कोस्ट)]] ==ओ== [[ओमान]] ==क== [[कम्बोदिया]] - [[केनडा]] - [[केमेरून]] - [[केप वर्डी]] - [[कोलोम्बिया]] - [[कोमोरोस]] - [[कौंगो]] - [[कोस्टा रीका]] - [[क्रोएशिया]] - [[क्यूबा]] - [[केन्द्रीय अफ्रीका गणराज्य]] - [[कजाकस्थान]] - [[किरिबाटी]] - [[किरगिस्थान]] - [[कतार]] - [[केन्या]] - [[कोरिया]] - [[कुवैत]] ख ==ग== [[ग्रीस (यूनान)]] - [[गाबोन]] - [[गाम्बिया]] - [[ग्रेनाडा]] - [[ग्वाटेमाला]] - [[गिनी]] - [[गिनी-बिसो]] - [[गयाना]] ==घ== [[घाना]] ==च== [[चाड]] - [[चिले]] - [[चीन]] - [[चेक रिपब्लिक]] ==छ == ==ज== [[जार्जिया-देश:|जार्जिया]] - [[जर्मनी]] - [[जिबूटी]] - [[जमैका]] - [[जापान]] - [[जार्डन]] - [[जाम्बिया]] - [[जिम्बाबवे]] ==ट== [[टोगो]] - [[टोंगा]] - [[ट्रिनिडाड]] - [[टंजानिया]]- [[टिमोर]] - [[टुनिशिया]] - [[टुवालु]] ==ड== [[डेनमार्क]] - [[डोमोनिका]] - [[डोमोनिकन रिपब्लिक]] ==त== [[तुर्किये]] - [[तैवान]] - [[ताजिकिस्थान]] - [[तुर्कमिनिस्थान]] ==थ== [[थाइलैंड]] ==द== [[दक्षिण कोरिया]] ==ध== ==न== [[नमीबिया]] - [[नौरु]] - [[नेपाल]] - [[नेदरलैंड्स]] - [[न्यू-जीलैंड]] - [[निकारगुवा]] - [[नीजे]] - [[नैजीरिया]] - [[नार्वे]] ==प== [[पाकिस्तान]] - [[पलाऊ]] - [[पानामा]] - [[पपुवा न्यू गिनी]] - [[पेरेग्वाय]] - [[पोलैंड]] - [[पेरु]] - [[पुर्तगाल]] ==फ== [[फिजी]] - [[फिन्लैंड]] - [[फ्रांस]] - [[फिलिपीन्स]] - [[फिलिस्तीन]] ==ब== [[बहामास]] - [[बहरैन]] - [[बंगलादेश]] - [[बार्बाडोस]] - [[बेलारूस]] - [[बेलीज]] - [[बेनिन]] - [[बेल्जियम]] - [[बोलिविया]] - [[बास्निया]] - [[बोत्सवाना]] - [[ब्रासील]] - [[ब्रूनै]] - [[बुल्गारिया]] - [[बुर्कीना-फासो]] - [[बुरुंडी]] - बर्मा अद्य [[म्‍यन्मार]] - [[ब्रिटेन]] ==भ== [[भारत]] - [[भूटान]] ==म== [[मडगास्कर]] - [[मलावी]] - [[मलयेशिया]] - [[मालदीव]] - [[माली]] - [[माल्टा]] - [[मारिटेनिया]] - [[मारिशस]] - - [[मेसेडोनिया]] - [[मार्शल द्वीप]] - [[मेक्सिको]] - [[मैक्रोनीशिया]] - [[मोल्दोवा]] - [[मोनाको]] - [[मंगोलिया]] - [[मोराको]] - [[मोजम्बीक]] - [[मयन्मार]] ==य== [[यमन]] ==र== [[रोमानिया]] - [[रूस]] - [[रवाण्डा]] ==ल== [[लाओस]] - [[लाट्विया]] - [[लेबनान]] - [[लेसोथो]] - [[लायबीरिया]] - [[लिबिया]] - [[लिक्टनस्टैन]] - [[लिथ्वानिया]] - [[लक्सम्बर्ग]] ==व== [[वनुवाटु]] - [[वेनेज्वेला]] - [[वैटिकन]] - [[वियेतनाम]] ==श== [[श्रीलङ्का]] ==स== [[सायप्रस]] - [[सेंट किट्]] - [[सेंट लूसिया]] - [[सेंट विन्सेंट]] - [[समोआ]] - [[सान मरीनो]] - [[सऊदी अरब]] - [[सर्बिया]] - [[सेनेगल]] - [[सेशेल]] - [[सियारा-लियोन]] - [[सिंगापोर]] - [[सोलोमन-द्वीप]] - [[स्लोवाकिया]] - [[स्लोवीनिया]] - [[सोमालिया]] - [[सोमालिलैंड]] - साउथ-अफ्रीका [[दक्षिण-अफ्रीका]] - [[स्पेन]] - [[सूडान]] - [[स्वाजीलैंड]] - [[स्विटजरलैंड]] - [[सिरिया]] - [[सुरिनाम]] - [[स्वीडन]] - [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका]] ==ह== [[हेटी]] - [[हांडूरस]] - [[हंगरी]] ==सम्बद्घ: विषय:== *[[List of reference tables#List of countries and other entities]] *[[Geography]] *[[पृथिवी]] *[[महाद्वीप]] *[[Thirty most populous cities in the world]] 840 12895 2006-12-18T20:12:08Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[frp:Iraq]] '''ईराक''' ईरानस्य पश्चिमभागे स्थित: । *राजधानी: [[बगदाद]] *भाषा: [[अरबी]] == विविध विषय: == * [[2004 in Iraq]] * [[Communications of Iraq]] * [[Transportation in Iraq]] * [[Military of Iraq]] * [[Foreign relations of Iraq]] * [[List of Kings of Iraq]] * [[List of Presidents of Iraq]] * [[List of Prime Ministers of Iraq]] * [[Human rights violations in Iraq]] * [[List of places in Iraq]] * [[2003 Invasion of Iraq]] * [[Arab Tribes in Iraq]] * [[Postage stamps and postal history of Iraq]] * [[Iraqi resistance]] == बाह्‍य == * [http://www.gegenstandpunkt.com/english/anti-iraq-war.html War against Saddam] The Latest Contributions to the Never-Ending Debate over Just Wars and Unjustified Violence in World Politics * [http://www.iraq.gov/ Coalition Provisional Authority] * [http://www.al-bab.com/arab/countries/iraq.htm Arab Gateway: Iraq] * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/country_profiles/791014.stm BBC News Country Profile: Iraq] * [http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/iz.html CIA information on Iraq] * [http://www.indepthinfo.com/iraq/index.shtml Indepth Analysis of the Gulf War] [[af:Irak]] [[an:Iraq]] [[ang:Irac]] [[ar:العراق]] [[arc:ܥܪܩ]] [[ast:Iraq]] [[az:İraq]] [[bg:Ирак]] [[br:Iraq]] [[bs:Irak]] [[ca:Iraq]] [[cs:Irák]] [[cv:Ирак]] [[cy:Irac]] [[da:Irak]] [[de:Irak]] [[el:Ιράκ]] [[en:Iraq]] [[eo:Irako]] [[es:Iraq]] [[et:Iraak]] [[eu:Irak]] [[fa:عراق]] [[fi:Irak]] [[fr:Irak]] [[frp:Iraq]] [[fy:Irak]] [[ga:An Iaráic]] [[gd:Iorac]] [[gl:Iraq - العراق]] [[he:עיראק]] [[hi:इराक़]] [[hr:Irak]] [[ht:Irak]] [[hu:Irak]] [[hy:Իրաք]] [[ia:Iraq]] [[id:Irak]] [[ilo:Irak]] [[io:Irak]] [[is:Írak]] [[it:Iraq]] [[ja:イラク]] [[ka:ერაყი]] [[ko:이라크]] [[ku:Iraq]] [[kw:Irak]] [[la:Iraquia]] [[lb:Irak]] [[li:Irak]] [[lt:Irakas]] [[lv:Irāka]] [[mk:Ирак]] [[ml:ഇറാഖ്‌]] [[mo:Ирак]] [[mr:इराक]] [[ms:Iraq]] [[na:Irak]] [[nds:Irak]] [[nl:Irak]] [[nn:Irak]] [[no:Irak]] [[oc:Iraq]] [[os:Ирак]] [[pam:Iraq]] [[pl:Irak]] [[ps:عراق]] [[pt:Iraque]] [[ro:Irak]] [[ru:Ирак]] [[scn:Iraq]] [[sh:Irak]] [[simple:Iraq]] [[sk:Irak]] [[sl:Irak]] [[sq:Iraku]] [[sr:Ирак]] [[sv:Irak]] [[ta:ஈராக்]] [[tg:Ироқ]] [[th:ประเทศอิรัก]] [[tl:Iraq]] [[tpi:Irak]] [[tr:Irak]] [[tt:Ğíraq]] [[udm:Ирак]] [[ug:ئىراق]] [[uk:Ірак]] [[ur:عراق]] [[uz:Iroq]] [[vi:Iraq]] [[vo:Lirakän]] [[yi:איראק]] [[zh:伊拉克]] [[zh-min-nan:Iraq]] 841 6084 2004-09-30T20:58:47Z 65.0.123.224 '''ईरान''' पाकस्थानस्य पश्चिमभागे स्थित: । *राजधानी: [[तेहरान]] *भाषा: [[फारसी]] == विविध विषय: == * [[Christians in Iran]] * [[Communications in Iran]] * [[Ethnic minorities in Iran]] * [[Football in Iran]] * [[Foreign relations of Iran]] * [[Holidays in Iran]] * [[Iran's nuclear program]] * [[List of Iranians]] * [[Iranian Media]] * [[Military of Iran]] * [[Persian]] * [[Religious minorities in Iran|Religious Minorities]] * [[Transportation in Iran]] * [[White Revolution]] [[en:Iran]] [[ks:ईरान]] 842 10497 2006-05-14T04:04:35Z DaGizza 117 {{notsanskrit}} [[en:Kashmir]] [[de:Kaschmir]] [[fr:Jammu-Kashmir]] [[bh:&#2325;&#2358;&#2381;&#8205;&#2350;&#2368;&#2352;]] [[hi:&#2325;&#2358;&#2381;&#8205;&#2350;&#2368;&#2352;]] [[ks:&#2325;&#2358;&#2381;&#8205;&#2350;&#2368;&#2352;]] [[mr:&#2325;&#2358;&#2381;&#8205;&#2350;&#2368;&#2352;]] [[sd:&#2325;&#2358;&#2381;&#8205;&#2350;&#2368;&#2352;]] [[sv:Jammu och Kashmir]] [[zh:&#20811;&#20160;&#31859;&#23572;]] {{notsanskrit}} '''कश्मीर''' is a region in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent. The term Kashmir historically described the valley just to the south of the westernmost end of the [[Himalayas|Himalayan]] range. Politically, however, the term 'Kashmir' describes a much larger area which includes the regions of [[Jammu]], Kashmir, and [[Ladakh]]. The region is currently divided amongst three countries: [[Pakistan]] controls the northwest portion ([[Northern Areas, Pakistan]] and [[Azad Kashmir]]), [[India]] controls the central and southern portion ([[Jammu and Kashmir]]), and the [[People's Republic of China]] controls the northeastern portion ([[Aksai Chin]]). Though these regions are in practice administered by their respective claimants, India has never formally recognized the accession of the areas claimed by Pakistan and China. Pakistan views the entire Kashmir region as [[disputed territory]], and does not consider India's claim to it to be valid. Kashmir is a beautiful valley of about 7,200 square kilometers (2,800 square miles) at an elevation of 1,675 meters (5,500 feet). It has a very ancient history and it was for a long time one of the centers of Sanskrit culture. [[Kashmiri literature]], sculpture, music, dance, painting, and architecture have had a profound influence in Asia. == The events of partition after British rule== In [[1947]], [[India]] gained independence from British rule. It was decided that two countries would be formed, [[Pakistan]] and [[India]], where Pakistan would have a majority [[Muslim]] population, and India a majority [[Hindu]] population. It had been agreed that autonomous regions like Kashmir, could decide to either join India or Pakistan. Kashmir, which had a predominantly Muslim population, was one of these autonomous states, ruled by [[Maharaja|Maharaja]] [[Hari Singh]], who was a [[Hindu]]. After partition, he delayed his decision whether to join India or Pakistan, hoping to somehow keep his kingdom independent. The resulting war, the [[First Kashmir War]], lasted until [[1948]], when India moved the issue to [[United Nations]] to ask Pakistan to vacate the occupied Kashmir. Thus a cease-fire was negotiated by the UN, dividing Kashmir between Indian-held and Pakistani-held territory. The United Nations pressed for a plebiscite among the entire Kashmiri population, which was denied by India for various reasons. However Pakistan still claims free plebiscite in Kashmir under UN as the only solution. In [[1962]] the [[People's Republic of China]] attacked India in the [[Sino-Indian War]], and the resulting land it took and continues to occupy is called [[Aksai Chin]]. In addition to the land taken by the PLA, some of the land composing this area was ceded to China by Pakistan in [[1963]] as part of a pact. [http://edition.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/asiapcf/east/05/24/aksai.chin/] In [[1965]] and [[1971]], heavy fighting again broke out between India and Pakistan. The [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]] resulted in a defeat of Pakistan in [[East Pakistan]] ([[Bangladesh]]), and the capturing of many soldiers by India in that region. However, in Kashmir and West Pakistan, the nations fought to another draw. This led to the [[Simla Accord]] in 1972 between India and Pakistan. In this accord, both countries agreed to settle all issues by peaceful means and mutual discussions, and India returned captured Pakistani territory in Kashmir and 90,000 Pakistani prisoners as a gesture of good will. == Recent developments == India continues to assert its sovereignty over the entire region of Kashmir and refuses to acknowledge the "disputed nature" of the issue, and Pakistan is calling for "Kashmiri self-determination." These have been the respective stands of the countries for long, and have seen no significant change over the years. As a result, all efforts to solve the conflict have been futile so far. In mid-[[1999]], Islamic guerillas and according to some reports, Pakistani troops in plain clothes infiltrated and took command of Himalayan mountain tops and ridges near the town of Kargil in Kashmir. Their objective was to sever the main Srinagar-Leh road which runs north-south in Indian Kashmir. Had they succeeded, they would have effectively cut Kashmir in two. Pakistani forces made great gains initially. However, a massive Indian response combined with orders to retreat due to American pressure led Pakistan to lose as many men as India had. The conflict ended when [[US]] President [[Bill Clinton]] asked Pakistani Prime Minister [[Nawaz Sharif]] to withdraw his forces. A few months after the end of the war, Sharif was overthrown by the Pakistani Army in a [[coup]] led by General [[Pervez Musharraf]] (now President of Pakistan). Many believe that Musharraf was the brains behind the entire [[Kargil Conflict]], and that Nawaz Sharif was forced to go along due to the power of the Pakistani Army. In early [[2002]], India and Pakistan escalated their threats towards one another, driven by their territorial dispute and recent [[terrorist]] attacks in India, which has led to fears of [[nuclear war]] in the subcontinent. In 2002 Indian Hindu extremists killed thousands of muslims living in India in Gujrat state. After intensive diplomatic efforts by other countries, India and Pakistan toned down their aggressive rhetoric towards one another on [[June 10]], [[2002]], and are hoped to be preparing to make conciliatory moves towards one another. Effective [[November 26]], [[2003]], India and Pakistan have agreed to maintain a ceasefire along the undisputed International Border, the disputed Line Of Control, and along the [[Siachen]] glacier. This is the first such "total ceasefire" declared by both the nations in nearly 15 years. In February 2004, Pakistan further increased pressure on militant Muslim leaders in Kashmir to adopt the ceasefire. ==Claims to Kashmir== The Pakistani claim to Kashmir is based on the fact that the majority of Kashmir's population is Muslim. Since Pakistan was created as a nation for the Muslims of India, the leadership of that nation has always felt that Kashmir rightfully belongs to Pakistan. The Pakistani claim is also based on a belief that most Kashmiris would vote to join Pakistan. The Indian claim centers on the agreement of the Maharaja to sign over Kashmir to India through the Instrument of Accession. Therefore, it sees the Pakistani held territories as land illegally taken by Pakistan. The fact that Nehru's family came from Kashmir made the issue important to him on a personal level, and he also hoped that Kashmir would serve as an example of fully secular India (being the only Muslim majority state in the nation). == See also == * [[लल्लेश्वरी]] * [[Kashmiri literature]] * [[Kashmiri music]] * [[Ethnic conflict in India]] * [[History of Kashmir]] - History post partition is covered on this page. * [[Kashmiri Pandit]] == External links == * [http://www.ikashmir.org Kashmir News Network] * [http://www.ikashmir.org/pdf Kashmiri Publications] * [http://www.kashmiri-pandit.org/atrocities/index.html Pandit account of atrocities] * [http://www.panunkashmir.org Panun Kashmir] * [http://www.radiokashmir.org Kashmiri Music] * [http://www.koshur.org Kashmiri Language] * [http://www.milchar.org Milchar] * [http://www.KashmirHerald.com Kashmiri Online Magazine] * [http://www.koausa.org/Crown/history.html An outline of the history of Kashmir] * [http://www.ummah.org.uk/kashmir/history.htm History of Kashmir from Pakistani perspective] * [http://www.ece.lsu.edu/kak/wonder.pdf An overview of Kashmiri achievements] * http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/in_depth/south_asia/2002/kashmir_flashpoint/ * [http://social.chass.ncsu.edu/jouvert/v613/sri.htm News Coverage of Kashmir] * http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2002/06/09/1022982800226.html * http://www.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,3604,730340,00.html * http://www.ccc.nps.navy.mil/research/kargil/index.asp * [http://www.kashmir-information.com/LegalDocs/ Legal Documents related to Kashmir including treaties etc..] ===Map Issues=== *[http://www.indiacause.com/IC_NoteOnMaps.htm Which is the True Map of Jammu & Kashmir?] - Article explains 5 major versions of Kashmir maps in Indian perspective *[http://www.indianexpress.com/archive_full_story.php?content_id=23243 For CIA, J-K is no longer ''disputed''] - Article by [[Indian Express]] that explains [[CIA]]'s revision of Indian map *When [[Microsoft]] released a map in Windows 95 and MapPoint 2002, a controversy was raised because it did not show all of Kashmir as part of India as per Indian claim **[http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/features/2000/Dec00/12-06gps.asp Microsoft press report on the issue] **[http://www.pakalert.net/campaigns/microsoft/kashmirmap.asp Pakistani signature campaign to vouch Microsoft] 843 11572 2006-11-11T15:49:44Z देशा 218 [[Image:Nehru.gif|thumb|right|150px|जवाहरलाल नेहरू]] '''जवाहरलाल नेहरू''' (१८८९-१९६४) प्रयागे जात: । स: भारतस्य प्रधान मन्त्री १९४७-१९६४तमे आसीत्‌ । अस्‍य पिता मोतीलाल नेहरू वाक्‍कील: आसीत्, मातास्‍य नाम स्‍वरूपरानी आसीत्. केम्ब्रिजविश्‍वविद्यालये स्‍नातक परीक्षाम्‌ उत्तीर्य स: विधिवेत्ता अभवत्‌. कमला नेहरू सह अस्‍य विवाह: अ‍भवत्‌. [[इन्दिरा गान्धी|इन्दिरा]] नाम्नी तनया अभवत्‌. महात्‍मा गान्‍धिन: सम्पर्के आगते स: स्‍वतन्‍त्रतासङ्‍ग्रामे सन्‍नद्घ: अभवत्‌. ==सम्बद्ध विषया:== *[[मोहनदास करमचन्द गान्‍धी]] *[[इन्दिरा गान्धी]] *[[राजीव गान्धी]] *[[भारतस्य प्रधान मन्त्री]] [[en:Jawaharlal Nehru]] 844 11953 2006-11-27T00:54:22Z Zwobot 86 robot Adding: de, en, es, fi, fr, hi, ja, kn, pt, ru, sv, ta '''अटल बिहारी वाजपेयी''' (१९२५-) ग्‍वालियरे जात: । स: भारतस्‍य प्रधान मन्‍त्री १९९६तमे एवं १९९८-२००४तमे आसीत्‌ । [[de:Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] [[en:Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] [[es:Atal Behari Vajpayee]] [[fi:Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] [[fr:Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] [[hi:अटल बिहारी वाजपेयी]] [[ja:アタル・ビハーリー・ヴァージペーイー]] [[kn:ಅಟಲ್ ಬಿಹಾರಿ ವಾಜಪೇಯಿ]] [[pt:Atal Behari Vajpayee]] [[ru:Ваджпаи, Атал Бихари]] [[sv:Atal Behari Vajpayee]] [[ta:அடல் பிஹாரி வாஜ்பாய்]] 846 12663 2006-12-14T17:52:28Z Escarbot 175 robot Adding: bn, bs, cs, cy, da, de, eo, es, et, eu, fa, fi, fr, gl, he, hi, hr, hu, ia, id, is, it, ja, ka, kn, lt, mr, nds, no, pl, pt, qu, ro, ru, sh, simple, sk, sl, sq, sr, sv, ta, th, tr, uk, ur, vi, zh *[[http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/01/Indira_Gandhi.jpg]] '''इन्दिरा प्रियदर्शिनी गान्धी''' (१९१७-१९९३) प्रयागे जात:. पठितुं सा गुरुदेव [[रवीन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर]]स्य [[शान्तिनिकेतन]] विद्यापीठे एवं योरपमहाद्वीपे गतवती. सा भारतस्य प्रधान मन्त्री १९६६-१९७७तमे एवं १९८०-१९८३तमे आसीत्. तस्‍या: पिता [[जवाहरलाल नेहरू]], तस्‍या: पुत्र [[राजीव गान्धी]] आसन्‌. इन्दिरा प्रियदर्शिनी गान्धी (१९१७-१९९३) प्रयागे जात:. पठितुं सा गुरुदेव रवीन्द्रनाथ ठाकुरस्य शान्तिनिकेतन विद्यापीठे एवं योरपमहाद्वीपे गतवती. सा भारतस्य प्रधान मन्त्री १९६६-१९७७तमे एवं १९८०-१९८३तमे आसीत्. *[[भारतस्य प्रधान मन्त्री]] [[bn:ইন্দিরা গান্ধী]] [[bs:Indira Gandhi]] [[ca:Indira Gandhi]] [[cs:Indira Gándhíová]] [[cy:Indira Gandhi]] [[da:Indira Gandhi]] [[de:Indira Gandhi]] [[en:Indira Gandhi]] [[eo:Indira Gandhi]] [[es:Indira Gandhi]] [[et:Indira Gandhi]] [[eu:Indira Gandhi]] [[fa:ایندیرا گاندی]] [[fi:Indira Gandhi]] [[fr:Indira Gandhi]] [[gl:Indira Gandhi]] [[he:אינדירה גנדי]] [[hi:इन्दिरा गान्धी]] [[hr:Indira Gandhi]] [[hu:Indira Gandhi]] [[ia:Indira Gandhi]] [[id:Indira Gandhi]] [[is:Indira Gandhi]] [[it:Indira Gandhi]] [[ja:インディラ・ガンジー]] [[ka:განდი, ინდირა]] [[kn:ಇಂದಿರಾ ಗಾಂಧಿ]] [[lt:Indira Gandhi]] [[mr:इंदिरा गांधी]] [[nds:Indira Gandhi]] [[nl:Indira Gandhi]] [[no:Indira Gandhi]] [[pl:Indira Gandhi]] [[pt:Indira Gandhi]] [[qu:Indira Gandhi]] [[ro:Indira Gandhi]] [[ru:Ганди, Индира]] [[sh:Indira Gandhi]] [[simple:Indira Gandhi]] [[sk:Indira Gándhiová]] [[sl:Indira Gandhi]] [[sq:Indira Gandhi]] [[sr:Индира Ганди]] [[sv:Indira Gandhi]] [[ta:இந்திரா காந்தி]] [[th:อินทิรา คานธี]] [[tr:İndira Gandhi]] [[uk:Ганді Індіра]] [[ur:اندرا گاندھی]] [[vi:Indira Gandhi]] [[zh:英迪拉·甘地]] 847 6089 2004-10-12T02:07:12Z 65.0.100.63 [[en:Morarji Desai]] '''मोरारजी देसाई''' (१८९६-१९९५) भडेली,गुजराते जात: । स: भारतस्य प्रधान मन्त्री १९७७-१९७९तमे आसीत् । *[[भारतस्य प्रधान मन्त्री]] 848 6090 2005-03-03T12:28:13Z Shizhao 44 warnfile Adding:hi,he,ta,no,fr,et,de,sv '''राजीव गान्धी''' (१९४४-१९९१) मुम्बईनगरे जात:. पठितुं स: इंग्लैंड गतवान्‌. तद्पश्चात्‌ स: विमान-चालक: अभवत्‌. स: इटली देशाया: [[सोनिया गान्धी|सोनिया मैनों]] परिणीतवान्‌. स: भारतस्य प्रधान मन्त्री १८८४-१९८९तमे आसीत्‌ । ==सम्बद्ध विषया:== *[[नेहरू-गान्धी परिवार]] *[[भारतस्य प्रधान मन्त्री]] [[de:Rajiv Gandhi]] [[en:Rajiv Gandhi]] [[et:Rajiv Gandhi]] [[fr:Rajiv Gandhi]] [[he:רג'יב גנדי]] [[hi:राजीव गाँधी]] [[no:Rajiv Gandhi]] [[sv:Rajiv Gandhi]] [[ta:ராஜீவ் காந்தி]] 849 6091 2005-03-03T12:26:00Z Shizhao 44 warnfile Modifying:pl,de '''पमुलपर्ति वेङ्‌कट नरसिंह राव''' (1921-2004), भारतस्य प्रधान मन्त्री १९९१-१९९६ । [[de:P. V. Narasimha Rao]] [[en:P. V. Narasimha Rao]] [[hi:नरसिंह राव]] [[ja:ナラシマ・ラオ]] [[kn:ಪಿ ವಿ ನರಸಿ೦ಹರಾವ್]] [[no:P. V. Narasimha Rao]] [[pl:P. V. Narasimha Rao]] [[sv:P.V. Narasimha Rao]] 850 6092 2004-10-12T02:08:47Z 65.0.100.63 '''पमुलपर्ति वेङ्कट नरसिंह राव''' (जन्म १९२१), भारतस्य प्रधान मन्त्री १९९१-१९९६ । *[[भारतस्य प्रधान मन्त्री]] [[en:P.V. Narasimha Rao]] 851 6093 2004-11-04T03:24:51Z HPN 22 '''लाल बहादुर शास्त्री''' (१९०२-१९६६) मुगलसराये जात: । स: भारतस्य प्रधान मन्त्री १९६४-१९६६तमे आसीत् । तेन्‌ [[काशीविद्यापीठ]]यत: उन्नताध्ययनं प्राप्तम्‌ आसीत्‌. *[[भारतस्य प्रधान मन्त्री]] [[en:Lal Bahadur Shastri]] [[kn:ಲಾಲ್ ಬಹಾದುರ್ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರಿ]] [[de:Lal Bahadur Shastri]] [[hi:&#2354;&#2366;&#2354;&#2348;&#2361;&#2366;&#2342;&#2369;&#2352; &#2358;&#2366;&#2360;&#2381;&#2340;&#2381;&#2352;&#2368;]] [[sv:Lal Bahadur Shastri]] 852 6094 2004-11-10T06:58:54Z HPN 22 [[Image:LalBahadurShastri.jpg|thumb|लाल बहादुर शास्‍त्री]] '''लाल बहादुर शास्‍त्री''' (१९०२-१९६६) मुगलसराये जात: । स: भारतस्‍य प्रधान मन्‍त्री १९६४-१९६६तमे आसीत्‌ । [[en:Lal Bahadur Shastri]] 853 12865 2006-12-18T13:00:32Z JAnDbot 239 robot Adding: [[eu:Aljeria]] '''अल्जीरिया''' [[अफ्रीका]] महाद्वीपे उत्तरभागे स्थित: । *भाषा - [[अरबी]] == External links == * [http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ag.html CIA - The World Factbook -- Algeria] - [[CIA]]'s Factbook on Algeria * [http://www.loc.gov/rr/international/amed/algeria/algeria.html Library of Congress Portals to the World - Algeria] * [http://world-history-blog.blogspot.com/2004/07/history-of-algeria.html World History Blog - History of Algeria] * [http://www.travelconsumer.com/countries/algeria.htm Travel guide to Algeria] [[af:Algerië]] [[am:አልጄሪያ]] [[an:Alcheria]] [[ang:Algeria]] [[ar:الجزائر]] [[ast:Arxelia]] [[az:Əlcəzair]] [[bg:Алжир]] [[bn:আলজেরিয়া]] [[bs:Alžir]] [[ca:Algèria]] [[cs:Alžírsko]] [[cv:Алжир (патшалăх)]] [[cy:Algeria]] [[da:Algeriet]] [[de:Algerien]] [[el:Αλγερία]] [[en:Algeria]] [[eo:Alĝerio]] [[es:Argelia]] [[et:Alžeeria]] [[eu:Aljeria]] [[fa:الجزایر]] [[fi:Algeria]] [[fr:Algérie]] [[frp:Alg·èrie]] [[fy:Algerije]] [[ga:An Ailgéir]] [[gl:Alxeria - الجزائر]] [[ha:Aljeriya]] [[haw:ʻAlekelia]] [[he:אלג'יריה]] [[hi:अल्जीरिया]] [[hr:Alžir]] [[ht:Aljeri]] [[hy:Ալժիր]] [[ia:Algeria]] [[id:Aljazair]] [[io:Aljeria]] [[is:Alsír]] [[it:Algeria]] [[ja:アルジェリア]] [[ka:ალჟირი]] [[km:អាល់ជែរី]] [[ko:알제리]] [[ku:Cezayêr]] [[kw:Aljeri]] [[la:Algerium]] [[lad:Arjelia]] [[lb:Algerien]] [[li:Algerieë]] [[lt:Alžyras]] [[lv:Alžīrija]] [[mk:Алжир]] [[ms:Algeria]] [[na:Algeria]] [[nds:Algerien]] [[nl:Algerije]] [[nn:Algerie]] [[no:Algerie]] [[oc:Argeria]] [[os:Алжир]] [[pam:Algeria]] [[pl:Algieria]] [[ps:الجېريا]] [[pt:Argélia]] [[rm:Algeria]] [[ro:Algeria]] [[ru:Алжир]] [[scn:Algirìa]] [[simple:Algeria]] [[sk:Alžírsko]] [[sl:Alžirija]] [[so:Aljeeriya]] [[sq:Algjeria]] [[sr:Алжир]] [[sv:Algeriet]] [[tg:Алҷазоир]] [[th:ประเทศแอลจีเรีย]] [[tl:Algeria]] [[tr:Cezayir]] [[ug:ئالجىرىيە]] [[uk:Алжир]] [[ur:الجزائر]] [[vi:Algérie]] [[wa:Aldjereye]] [[wo:Aljeeri]] [[yi:אלזשיר]] [[zh:阿尔及利亚]] [[zh-min-nan:Algeria]] 855 6097 2004-10-05T15:54:24Z 130.39.222.122 '''इन्द्र कुमार गुजराल''' भारतस्‍य प्रधान मन्‍त्री १९९७-१९९८ तमे आसीत्‌. *[[भारतस्‍य प्रधान मन्‍त्री]] 856 6098 2004-10-12T02:09:25Z 65.0.100.63 '''देव गौडा''' भारतस्य प्रधान मन्‍त्री १९९६-१९९७तमे *[[भारतस्य प्रधान मन्त्री]] 857 6099 2004-10-12T02:08:20Z 65.0.100.63 '''चन्द्र शेखर''' भारतस्य प्रधान मन्त्री १९९०-१९९१तमे *[[भारतस्य प्रधान मन्त्री]] 858 6100 2004-10-12T02:08:03Z 65.0.100.63 '''विश्वनाथ प्रताप सिंह''' भारतस्य प्रधान मन्त्री १९८९-१९९०तमे आसीत्‌. तस्‍य राजकाल असन्‍तोषजनक आसीत्‌. *[[भारतस्य प्रधान मन्त्री]] 859 6101 2004-10-12T02:07:28Z 65.0.100.63 '''चरण सिंह''' भारतस्य प्रधान मन्त्री १९७९-१९८०तमे *[[भारतस्य प्रधान मन्त्री]] 860 11365 2006-10-06T04:30:35Z Virad 201 [[af:Religie]] [[ca:Religió]] [[da:Religion]] [[de:Religion]] [[en:Religion]] [[eo:Religio]] [[es:Religión]] [[fi:Uskonto]] [[fr:Religion]] [[nl:Religie]] [[ja:&#23447;&#25945;]] [[pl:Religia]] [[pt:Religião]] [[ro:Religie]] [[ru:&#1056;&#1077;&#1083;&#1080;&#1075;&#1080;&#1103;]] [[sv:Religion]] [[zh:&#23447;&#25945;]] विश्वेषु बहु धर्म: सन्ति - *[[सनातन धर्म:]] *[[बौध्द धर्म:]] *[[जैन धर्म:]] *[[यहूदी धर्म:]] *[[ईसाई धर्म:]] *[[इस्लाम धर्म:]] *[[सिख धर्म:]] किंत्वादौ संस्कृतभाषायां धर्मार्थः स यः प्रतिमनुष्याय भिन्नोऽस्ति ।। सत्यं धर्मः मनस आत्मनश्च उपजायते । यं कृत्वा पुण्यं हर्षयति तदेव तस्य मनुषस्य धर्मः।। अधर्म एव पापस्तत्सनातनोपदेशः।। महाभारतकथायामर्जुनस्य पापो न योधनमासीत्क्षत्रियस्य । तु तदेव युद्धः पापो ब्राह्मणस्य द्रोणस्य कृपस्य ।। तस्माच्चत्वारो धर्मा उच्यते- ब्राह्मणधर्मः क्षत्रियधर्मो वैष्यधर्मः शुद्रधर्मश्च।। अद्य कलौ अपि दृश्यन्ते धर्माः।। ब्राह्मणास्ते येषां ज्ञानं सर्वोच्चं ज्ञानप्राप्तौ ज्ञानदाने सक्ता नियुक्ताश्च ये ज्ञाने सुखिनः।। ज्ञाननो ब्राह्मणात्तस्य कर्तव्यः समाजं ज्ञानदीपेन प्रकाशनम्।। ''सनातन धर्मस्य'' आरम्भं [[वेद:]] मन्यते । वेदोऽखिलोधर्ममूलम् । चतुर् वेद: - * [[ऋग्वेद:]] * [[यजुर्वेद:]] * [[सामवेद:]] * [[अथर्ववेद:]] अन्य ग्रन्थ: - * [[ब्राह्मणग्रन्थ:]] * [[आरण्यक:]] * [[उपनिषद्]] * [[सूत्र]] * [[पुराण:]] * [[भगवद्गीता]] * [[महाभारत]] * [[रामायण]] * [[स्‍तोत्राणि]] *[[मिथकशास्त्रं]] - * [[श्रीविष्णुसहस्रनामस्तोत्रम्‌]] == See also == * http://wikisource.org/wiki/मुखपृष्ठं:संस्कृत 861 9647 2005-10-23T15:48:00Z Yann 25 [[Category:Moved to Wikisource]] '''उपनिषत्‍सु''' [[वेदान्‍त]]सार: अस्‍ति. श्रवण-मनन-निदिध्‍यासादिभि: अस्‍माभि: वेदान्‍तसार: अनुभूयते. मनस: सकला: कार्यकलापा: येन जायन्‍ते, यस्‍मिंश्‍च भवन्‍ति, यस्‍मिन्‌ लयं प्राप्‍नुवन्‍ति च स: मानसिकशक्तिमूल: एव आत्‍मा इति वदन्‍ति उपनिषद:. == उपनिषद् सूची १०८ == # [[ईशावास्‍य उपनिषद्|ईश]] = शुक्ल यजुर्वेद, मुख्य उपनिषद् # [[केन उपनिषद्]] = साम वेद, मुख्य उपनिषद् # [[कठ उपनिषद्]] = कृष्ण यजुर्वेद, मुख्य उपनिषद् # [[प्रश्‍न उपनिषद्]] = अथर्व वेद, मुख्य उपनिषद् # [[मुण्डक उपनिषद्]] = अथर्व वेद, मुख्य उपनिषद् # [[माण्डुक्य उपनिषद्]] = अथर्व वेद, मुख्य उपनिषद् # [[तैत्तिरीय उपनिषद्]] = कृष्ण यजुर्वेद, मुख्य उपनिषद् # [[ऐतरेय उपनिषद्]] = ऋग् वेद, मुख्य उपनिषद् # [[छान्दोग्य उपनिषद्]] = साम वेद, मुख्य उपनिषद् # [[बृहदारण्यक उपनिषद्]] = शुक्ल यजुर्वेद, मुख्य उपनिषद् # [[ब्रह्म उपनिषद्]] = कृष्ण यजुर्वेद, संन्यास उपनिषद् # [[कैवल्य उपनिषद्]] = कृष्ण यजुर्वेद, शैव उपनिषद् # [[जाबाल उपनिषद् (यजुर्वेद)|जाबाल उपनिषद्]] (यजुर्वेद) = शुक्ल यजुर्वेद, संन्यास उपनिषद् # [[श्वेताश्वतर उपनिषद्]] = कृष्ण यजुर्वेद, सामान्य उपनिषद् # [[हंस उपनिषद्]] = शुक्ल यजुर्वेद, योग उपनिषद् # [[आरुणेय उपनिषद्]] = साम वेद, संन्यास उपनिषद् # [[गर्भ उपनिषद्]] = कृष्ण यजुर्वेद, सामान्य उपनिषद् # [[नारायण उपनिषद्]] = कृष्ण यजुर्वेद, वैष्णव उपनिषद् # [[परमहंस उपनिषद्]] = शुक्ल यजुर्वेद, संन्यास उपनिषद् # [[अमृत-बिन्दु उपनिषद्]] = कृष्ण यजुर्वेद, योग उपनिषद् # [[अमृत-नाद उपनिषद्]] = कृष्ण यजुर्वेद, योग उपनिषद् # [[अथर्व-शिर उपनिषद्]] = अथर्व वेद, शैव उपनिषद् # [[अथर्व-शिख उपनिषद्]] =अथर्व वेद, शैव उपनिषद् # [[मैत्रायणि उपनिषद्]] = साम वेद, सामान्य उपनिषद् # [[कौषीतकि उपनिषद्]] = ऋग् वेद, सामान्य उपनिषद् # [[बृहज्जाबाल उपनिषद्]] = अथर्व वेद, शैव उपनिषद् # [[नृसिंहतापनी उपनिषद्]] = अथर्व वेद, वैष्णव उपनिषद् # [[कालाग्निरुद्र उपनिषद्]] = कृष्ण यजुर्वेद, शैव उपनिषद् # [[मैत्रेयि उपनिषद्]] = साम वेद, संन्यास उपनिषद् # [[सुबाल उपनिषद्]] = शुक्ल यजुर्वेद, सामान्य उपनिषद् # [[क्षुरिक उपनिषद्]] = कृष्ण यजुर्वेद, योग उपनिषद् # [[मान्त्रिक उपनिषद्]] = शुक्ल यजुर्वेद, सामान्य उपनिषद् # [[सर्व-सार उपनिषद्]] = कृष्ण यजुर्वेद, सामान्य उपनिषद् # [[निरालम्ब उपनिषद्]] = शुक्ल यजुर्वेद, सामान्य उपनिषद् # [[शुक-रहस्य उपनिषद्]] = कृष्ण यजुर्वेद, सामान्य उपनिषद् # [[वज्रसूचि उपनिषद्]] = साम वेद, सामान्य उपनिषद् # [[तेजो-बिन्दु उपनिषद्]] = कृष्ण यजुर्वेद, संन्यास उपनिषद् # [[नाद-बिन्दु उपनिषद्]] = ऋग् वेद, योग उपनिषद् # [[ध्यानबिन्दु उपनिषद्]] = कृष्ण यजुर्वेद, योग उपनिषद् # [[ब्रह्मविद्या उपनिषद्]] = कृष्ण यजुर्वेद, योग उपनिषद् # [[योगतत्त्व उपनिषद्]] = कृष्ण यजुर्वेद, योग उपनिषद् # [[आत्मबोध उपनिषद्]] = ऋग् वेद, सामान्य उपनिषद् # [[परिव्रात् उपनिषद्]] (नारदपरिव्राजक) = अथर्व वेद, संन्यास उपनिषद् # [[त्रिषिखि उपनिषद्]] = शुक्ल यजुर्वेद, योग उपनिषद् # [[सीता उपनिषद्]] = अथर्व वेद, शाक्त उपनिषद् # [[योगचूडामणि उपनिषद्]] = साम वेद, योग उपनिषद् # [[निर्वाण उपनिषद्]] = ऋग् वेद, संन्यास उपनिषद् # [[मण्डलब्राह्मण उपनिषद्]] = शुक्ल यजुर्वेद, योग उपनिषद् # [[दक्षिणामूर्ति उपनिषद्]] = कृष्ण यजुर्वेद, शैव उपनिषद् # [[शरभ उपनिषद्]] = अथर्व वेद, शैव उपनिषद् # [[स्कन्द उपनिषद्]] (त्रिपाड्विभूटि) = कृष्ण यजुर्वेद, सामान्य उपनिषद् # [[महानारायण उपनिषद्]] = अथर्व वेद, वैष्णव उपनिषद् # [[अद्वयतारक उपनिषद्]] = शुक्ल यजुर्वेद, संन्यास उपनिषद् # [[रामरहस्य उपनिषद्]] = अथर्व वेद, वैष्णव उपनिषद् # [[रामतापणि उपनिषद्]] = अथर्व वेद, वैष्णव उपनिषद् # [[वासुदेव उपनिषद्]] = साम वेद, वैष्णव उपनिषद् # [[मुद्गल उपनिषद्]] = ऋग् वेद, सामान्य उपनिषद् # [[शाण्डिल्य उपनिषद्]] = अथर्व वेद, योग उपनिषद् # [[पैंगल उपनिषद्]] = शुक्ल यजुर्वेद, सामान्य उपनिषद् # [[भिक्षुक उपनिषद्]] = शुक्ल यजुर्वेद, संन्यास उपनिषद् # [[महत् उपनिषद्]] = साम वेद, सामान्य उपनिषद् # [[शारीरक उपनिषद्]] = कृष्ण यजुर्वेद, सामान्य उपनिषद् # [[योगशिखा उपनिषद्]] = कृष्ण यजुर्वेद, योग उपनिषद् # [[तुरीयातीत उपनिषद्]] = शुक्ल यजुर्वेद, संन्यास उपनिषद् # [[संन्यास उपनिषद्]] = साम वेद, संन्यास उपनिषद् # [[परमहंस-परिव्राजक उपनिषद्]] = अथर्व वेद, संन्यास उपनिषद् # [[अक्षमालिक उपनिषद्]] = ऋग् वेद, शैव उपनिषद् # [[अव्यक्त उपनिषद्]] = साम वेद, वैष्णव उपनिषद् # [[एकाक्षर उपनिषद्]] = कृष्ण यजुर्वेद, सामान्य उपनिषद् # [[अन्नपूर्ण उपनिषद्]] = अथर्व वेद, शाक्त उपनिषद् # [[सूर्य उपनिषद्]] = अथर्व वेद, सामान्य उपनिषद् # [[अक्षि उपनिषद्]] = कृष्ण यजुर्वेद, सामान्य उपनिषद् # [[अध्यात्मा उपनिषद्]] = शुक्ल यजुर्वेद, सामान्य उपनिषद् # [[कुण्डिक उपनिषद्]] = साम वेद, संन्यास उपनिषद् # [[सावित्रि उपनिषद्]] = साम वेद, सामान्य उपनिषद् # [[आत्मा उपनिषद्]] = अथर्व वेद, सामान्य उपनिषद् # [[पाशुपत उपनिषद्]] = अथर्व वेद, योग उपनिषद् # [[परब्रह्म उपनिषद्]] = अथर्व वेद, संन्यास उपनिषद् # [[अवधूत उपनिषद्]] = कृष्ण यजुर्वेद, संन्यास उपनिषद् # [[त्रिपुरातपनि उपनिषद्]] = अथर्व वेद, शाक्त उपनिषद् # [[देवि उपनिषद्]] = अथर्व वेद, शाक्त उपनिषद् # [[त्रिपुर उपनिषद्]] = ऋग् वेद, शाक्त उपनिषद् # [[कठरुद्र उपनिषद्]] = कृष्ण यजुर्वेद, संन्यास उपनिषद् # [[भावन उपनिषद्]] = अथर्व वेद, शाक्त उपनिषद् # [[रुद्र-हृदय उपनिषद्]] = कृष्ण यजुर्वेद, शैव उपनिषद् # [[योग-कुण्डलिनि उपनिषद्]] = कृष्ण यजुर्वेद, योग उपनिषद् # [[भस्म उपनिषद्]] = अथर्व वेद, शैव उपनिषद् # [[रुद्राक्ष उपनिषद्]] = साम वेद, शैव उपनिषद् # [[गणपति उपनिषद्]] = अथर्व वेद, शैव उपनिषद् # [[दर्शन उपनिषद्]] = साम वेद, योग उपनिषद् # [[तारसार उपनिषद्]] = शुक्ल यजुर्वेद, वैष्णव उपनिषद् # [[महावाक्य उपनिषद्]] = अथर्व वेद, योग उपनिषद् # [[पञ्च-ब्रह्म उपनिषद्]] = कृष्ण यजुर्वेद, शैव उपनिषद् # [[प्राणाग्नि-होत्र उपनिषद्]] = कृष्ण यजुर्वेद, सामान्य उपनिषद् # [[गोपाल-तपणि उपनिषद्]] = अथर्व वेद, वैष्णव उपनिषद् # [[कृष्ण उपनिषद्]] = अथर्व वेद, वैष्णव उपनिषद् # [[याज्ञवल्क्य उपनिषद्]] = शुक्ल यजुर्वेद, संन्यास उपनिषद् # [[वराह उपनिषद्]] = कृष्ण यजुर्वेद, संन्यास उपनिषद् # [[शात्यायनि उपनिषद्]] = शुक्ल यजुर्वेद, संन्यास उपनिषद् # [[हयग्रीव उपनिषद्]] (१००) = अथर्व वेद, वैष्णव उपनिषद् # [[दत्तात्रेय उपनिषद्]] = अथर्व वेद, वैष्णव उपनिषद् # [[गारुड उपनिषद्]] = अथर्व वेद, वैष्णव उपनिषद् # [[कलि-सण्टारण उपनिषद्]] = कृष्ण यजुर्वेद, वैष्णव उपनिषद् # [[जाबाल उपनिषद् (सामवेद)|जाबाल उपनिषद्]] (सामवेद) = साम वेद, शैव उपनिषद् # [[सौभाग्य उपनिषद्]] = ऋग् वेद, शाक्त उपनिषद् # [[सरस्वती-रहस्य उपनिषद्]] = कृष्ण यजुर्वेद, शाक्त उपनिषद् # [[बह्वृच उपनिषद्]] = ऋग् वेद, शाक्त उपनिषद् # [[मुक्तिक उपनिषद्]] (१०८) = शुक्ल यजुर्वेद, सामान्य उपनिषद् [[Category:Moved to Wikisource]] 871 12772 2006-12-17T17:36:42Z Thijs!bot 230 robot Adding: [[ro:Subhash Kak]] '''सुभाष काक''': (१९४७ - ) [[भारत]]स्य [[कविः]], [[शास्त्रज्ञ]]:, [[वैज्ञानिक]]: च। सः [[कश्मीर|कश्मीरे]] [[श्रीनगर|श्रीनगरे]] जात: । [[वेद|वैदिक]][[विज्ञान]]स्य आधुनिक[[विज्ञान]]स्य च सम्बन्धानां विशदीकरणे तस्य महान परिश्रम: अस्ति । प्राचीन[[भारत]]विषये तदीया: त्रिशत: संशोधनलेखा: १५ ग्रन्था: च नूतनां क्रान्तिमेव उत्पादयन्त: सन्ति । [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका|अमेरिका]]देशेषु प्रतिष्ठितपदेषु स्थित्वा विश्वविख्यातिं प्राप्तवत्सु । तस्य अनेका: अभिरुचयश्च आसक्तय: - [[इतिहास|इतिहासं]], [[भौतिकी]], [[संगणकशास्त्रं|सङ्गणकशास्त्रं]], [[भाषाशास्त्रं]], [[कविता]] इत्यादि। ==ग्रन्था:== ==कविता== *'''मृतक-नायकम्''' (''The Conductor of the Dead'') *''' लन्दन सेतु:''' (''The London Bridge'') *'''मन्दिर की सीढियां''' ('''विमानस्य सोपानम्''') *'''इश्बर रहस्यम्''' *'''एकं तालम् एकं दर्पणम्''' (1999)[http://www.koausa.org/Books/EkTaal/] *'''[[प्रज्ञा सूत्र|प्रज्ञा सूत्रम्]]''' (2003) *[http://www.anubhuti-hindi.org/dishantar/s/subhash_kak/ अनुभूति पत्रिका कविता] ==अन्य ग्रन्था:== *''The Nature of Physical Reality'' ''भौतिक तथ्यता स्वरूपम्'' (1986) *''Patanjali and Cognitive Science'' ''पतञ्जलि: एवं प्रज्ञान शास्त्रम्'' (1987) *''India at Century's End'' ''भारतम् शताब्दी अन्तेषु''(1994) *''[[:en:In Search of the Cradle of Civilization]]'' ''सभ्यतास्रोतस्य-अन्वेषणम्''(1995, 2001) *''[[:en:The Astronomical Code of the Rigveda]]'' ''ऋग्वेदस्य कूट-ज्योतिषम्'' (2000) *''Computing Science in Ancient India'' ''प्राचीनभारतस्य संगणन शास्त्रम्'' (2001) *''The Wishing Tree: The Presence and Promise of India'' ''कल्पतरु'' (2001) *''The Gods Within'' ''आन्तरिक-देवाः''(2002) *''The Asvamedha'' ''अश्वमेधम्'' (2002) *''The Architecture of Knowledge'' ''ज्ञान-निर्माणशास्त्रम्'' (2004) ==बाह्य ग्रन्थिय:== *[http://www.rediff.com/news/1999/nov/18inter.htm रीडिफ साक्षात्कार:] *[http://www.pbs.org/wnet/wideangle/shows/india/debate.html पी.बी.एस. साक्षात्कार:] *[http://arxiv.org/find/grp_cs,grp_physics/1/au:+kak/0/1/0/all/0/1 भौतिक संगणन शास्त्र arXiv.org] *[http://www.ece.lsu.edu/kak/hist.html जालपृष्ठम्] [[ca:Subhash Kak]] [[de:Subhash Kak]] [[en:Subhash Kak]] [[eo:Subhash Kak]] [[es:Subhash Kak]] [[fr:Subhash Kak]] [[hi:सुभाष काक]] [[it:Subhash Kak]] [[mr:सुभाष काक]] [[nl:Subhash Kak]] [[pl:Subhash Kak]] [[pt:Subhash Kak]] [[ro:Subhash Kak]] [[sk:Subhash Kak]] [[sv:Subhash Kak]] 876 13058 2006-12-21T08:12:07Z 202.141.96.146 /* संस्कृत साहित्य */ साहित्यं ''सनातन धर्मस्य'' आरम्भं [[वेद:]] मन्यते । वेदोऽखिलोधर्ममूलम् । चतुर् वेद: - * [[ऋग्वेद|ऋग्वेद:]] * [[यजुर्वेद:]] * [[सामवेद:]] * [[अथर्ववेद:]] ==अन्य ग्रन्थ:== * [[ब्राह्मणग्रन्थ:]] * [[आरण्यक:]] * [[उपनिषद्]] * [[सूत्रं]] * [[पुराण:]] * [[भगवद्गीता]] * [[महाभारतं]] * [[रामायणं]] * [[स्तोत्रानि]] ==संस्कृतसाहित्यम्== *[[कालिदासः]] *[[अभिनवगुप्तः]] [[भर्तृहरिः ]] *[[ भासः ]] ==पाश्चात्य साहित्यं== * [[विलियम शेक्सपियर]] * [[विक्टर ह्यूगो]] ==आधुनिक साहित्य== *[[रवीन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर]] *[[विलियम बटलर येट्स]] *[[टी. एस. एलियट]] *[[प्रेमचन्द]] 877 10515 2006-05-14T04:17:32Z DaGizza 117 stub *[[कपिला वात्स्यायन]] *[[प्रेम लता जोशी]] *[[भरत मुनि]] *[[दत्तिल]] *[[शार्ङ्गदेव]] [[en:Music]] {{stub}} 878 13047 2006-12-20T14:41:14Z Thijs!bot 230 robot Adding: [[bo:ཁ་ནའ་ཏ]] '''केनडा''' उत्तर-अमेरिका महाद्वीपे स्‍थित: । *राजधानी - [[ओटवा]] *भाषा - [[इंगलिश]], [[फ्रांसी]] ==External links== * [http://canada.gc.ca/ Government of Canada] * [http://www.ericdigests.org/pre-928/canada.htm Teaching about Canada] * [http://warmuseum.ca/cwm/cwme.asp Canadian Military History] [[af:Kanada]] [[als:Kanada]] [[an:Canadá]] [[ang:Canada]] [[ar:كندا]] [[ast:Canadá]] [[bat-smg:Kanada]] [[be:Канада]] [[bg:Канада]] [[bn:কানাডা]] [[bo:ཁ་ནའ་ཏ]] [[bs:Kanada]] [[ca:Canadà]] [[cs:Kanada]] [[cy:Canada]] [[da:Canada]] [[de:Kanada]] [[dv:ކެނެޑާ]] [[el:Καναδάς]] [[en:Canada]] [[eo:Kanado]] [[es:Canadá]] [[et:Kanada]] [[eu:Kanada]] [[fa:کانادا]] [[fi:Kanada]] [[fr:Canada]] [[frp:Canada]] [[fy:Kanada]] [[ga:Ceanada]] [[gd:Canada]] [[gl:Canadá - Canada]] [[gv:Yn Chanadey]] [[haw:Kanakā]] [[he:קנדה]] [[hi:कनाडा]] [[hr:Kanada]] [[ht:Kanada]] [[hu:Kanada]] [[ia:Canada]] [[id:Kanada]] [[ilo:Canada]] [[io:Kanada]] [[is:Kanada]] [[it:Canada]] [[iu:ᑲᓇᑕ]] [[ja:カナダ]] [[jbo:kadnygu'e]] [[ka:კანადა]] [[ko:캐나다]] [[ku:Kanada]] [[kw:Kanada]] [[la:Canada]] [[lb:Kanada]] [[li:Canada]] [[lt:Kanada]] [[lv:Kanāda]] [[mk:Канада]] [[mr:कॅनडा]] [[ms:Kanada]] [[na:Canada]] [[nah:Canauhtlān]] [[nds:Kanada]] [[nds-nl:Kannede]] [[nl:Canada]] [[nn:Canada]] [[no:Canada]] [[nrm:Cannada]] [[oc:Canadà]] [[pam:Canada]] [[pdc:Kanadaa]] [[pl:Kanada]] [[ps:کاناډا]] [[pt:Canadá]] [[rn:Kanada]] [[ro:Canada]] [[ru:Канада]] [[scn:Canadà]] [[sco:Canadae]] [[se:Kanáda]] [[sh:Kanada]] [[simple:Canada]] [[sk:Kanada]] [[sl:Kanada]] [[sq:Kanadaja]] [[sr:Канада]] [[sv:Kanada]] [[sw:Kanada]] [[ta:கனடா]] [[tg:Канада]] [[th:ประเทศแคนาดา]] [[tl:Canada]] [[to:Kānata]] [[tpi:Kanada]] [[tr:Kanada]] [[ty:Tanata]] [[ug:كانادا]] [[uk:Канада]] [[uz:Kanada]] [[vi:Canada]] [[yi:קאנאדע]] [[yo:Kánádà]] [[zh:加拿大]] [[zh-classical:加拿大]] [[zh-min-nan:Canada]] [[zh-yue:加拿大]] 879 12734 2006-12-16T16:08:56Z 81.154.1.23 Spelling mistakes {{notsanskrit}} '''इन्दोनेशिया''' सिन्धु अपि प्रशान्त महासागरे मध्ये भारते दक्षिण-पूर्वे स्थित: अस्ति. The '''Republic of Indonesia''', world's largest [[archipelago]], is located between the South East Asian peninsula and [[Australia]], between the [[Indian Ocean|Indian]] and [[Pacific Ocean]]s. Indonesia borders [[Malaysia]] on the island of [[Borneo]] ([[Kalimantan]] in [[Bahasa Indonesia]]), [[Papua New Guinea]] on the island of [[New Guinea]] ([[Irian]] in [[Bahasa Indonesia]]) and [[East Timor]] on the island of [[Timor]]. <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="270px"> <caption><font size="+1">'''Republik Indonesia'''</font></caption> <tr><td style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2> <table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> <tr><td align="center" width="135px">[[Image:Indonesia flag large.png|125px|Flag of Indonesia]]</td> <td align="center" width="135px">[[Image:Indonesiacoatofarms.jpg|Indonesia Coat of Arms]]</td></tr> <tr><td align="center" width="135px">([[Flag of Indonesia|In Detail]])</td> <td align="center" width="135px">(Full size)</td></tr> </table></td></tr> <tr><td align="center" colspan=2 style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;"><font size="-1">''National [[motto]]: [[Bhinneka Tunggal Ika]] (Old [[Javanese]]: Unity in Diversity)''</font></td></tr> <tr><td align=center colspan=2>[[image:LocationIndonesia.png]]</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Official language]] </td><td>[[Bahasa Indonesia]]</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Capital]] </td><td>[[Jakarta]]</td></tr> <tr><td>[[List of Presidents of Indonesia|President]] </td><td>[[Megawati Sukarnoputri]]</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Area]]<br/>&nbsp;- Total: <br/>&nbsp;- % water:</td><td>[[List of countries by area|Ranked 15th]] <br/> [[1 E12 m²|1,919,440 km²]] <br/> 4.85% </td></tr> <tr><td>[[Population]] <br/>&nbsp;- Total ([[2003]]): <br/>&nbsp;- [[Density]]: </td><td>[[List of countries by population|Ranked 4th]] <br/> 234,893,453 <br/> 119/km&sup2; </td></tr> <tr><td>[[Independence]] <br/>&nbsp;- Declared: <br/>&nbsp;- Recognised: </td><td>From the [[Netherlands]] <br/>[[August 17]], [[1945]] <br/>[[December 27]], [[1949]]</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Currency]]: </td><td>[[Rupiah]]</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Time zone]]: </td><td>[[UTC]] +7 to [[UTC]] +9</td></tr> <tr><td>[[National anthem]]: </td><td>[[Indonesia Raya]]</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Top-level domain|Internet TLD]]:</td><td>.ID</td></tr> <tr><td>[[List_of_country_calling_codes|Calling Code]]</td><td>62</td></tr> </table> == इतिहास: == ''Main article: [[History of Indonesia]]'' Under influence of [[Buddhism]], several kingdoms formed on the islands of [[Sumatra]] and [[Java island|Java]] from the [[7th century|7th]] to [[14th century]]. The arrival of [[Arab]] traders later brought [[Islam]], which became the dominant religion. When the [[Europe]]ans came in the early [[16th century]], they found a multitude of small states. These were vulnerable to the Europeans, who were in pursuit of dominating the spice trade. In the [[17th century]], the [[Netherlands|Dutch]] emerged as the most powerful of the Europeans, ousting the [[United Kingdom|British]] and [[Portugal|Portuguese]] (except for [[Timor]]). After the [[Dutch East India Company]] was liquidated, its possessions in Indonesia were taken over by the Dutch government. In 1940 during [[World War II]], [[Japan]] had been denied vital aviation fuel by the Dutch Indies government, unable to negotiate for the fuel Japan begins its invasion of Malaya in December. Capturing Indonesia in 1942, Japan found the Indonesian elite to be cooperative trade partners and willing to marshal troops as needed. [[Sukarno]], [[Mohammad Hatta]], and Kyai were decorated by the Emperor of Japan in 1943. In March 1945 Japan organized a committee for Indonesian independence; after the Pacific war ended in [[1945]], this group led by [[Sukarno]] declared Indonesian independence. The Dutch finally accepted on [[December 27]]th [[1949]], and [[Sukarno]] became the country's first president. After Sukarno's autocratic rule was almost overthrown, army leader [[Suharto]] became president in [[1967]]. Suharto enriched himself through widespread corruption and he was forced to step down after massive demonstrations in [[1998]]. In the period of 1998 to 2001, the country had four [[President of Indonesia|presidents]]. The country currently suffers from internal economic, political, and religious struggles, and several regions are striving for independence ([[Aceh]], [[Irian Jaya]]). == राजनीति == ''Main article: [[Politics of Indonesia]]'' Executive power lies with the President and his/her advisers. The highest legislative body is the ''Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat'' (MPR) or 'People's Consultative Assembly', consisting of the ''Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat'' (DPR) or [[Peoples Representative Council]], elected for a five-year term, and the ''Dewan Perwakilan Daerah'' (DPD) or [[Regional Representatives Council]]. Following elections in [[2004]], the MPR will become a [[bicameral]] [[parliament]], with the creation of the DPD as a new second chamber. The MPR formerly met every five years to elect the President. From 2004 the MPR will no longer elect the President and Vice-President. The first popular election for President will be held in July 2004. == Provinces == ''Main article: [[Provinces of Indonesia]]'' Currently, Indonesia has 30 provinces, 2 special territories and 1 capital city territory. The provinces are subdivided in districts, which are in turn split up in sub-districts and municipalities. The provinces are: [[बाली]], [[Bangka-Belitung]], [[Banten]], [[Bengkulu]], [[Central Java]], [[Central Kalimantan]], [[Central Sulawesi]], [[East Java]], [[East Kalimantan]], [[East Nusa Tenggara]], [[South Sumatra]], [[Gorontalo]], [[Jambi]], [[Lampung]], [[Maluku]], [[North Maluku]], [[North Sulawesi]], [[North Sumatra]], [[Papua (Indonesia)|Papua]] (Irian Jaya), [[Riau]], [[South East Sulawesi]], [[South Kalimantan]], [[South Sulawesi]], [[Irian Jaya Barat|West Irian Jaya]], [[West Java]], [[West Kalimantan]], [[West Nusa Tenggara]], [[West Sumatra]] The special territories (''daerah istimewa'') are [[Aceh]] (or ''Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam'') and [[Yogyakarta]]. The capital city territory is [[Jakarta]]. [[Riau Kepulauan]] is expected to be soon split off as a separate province from [[Riau]]. == Geography == ''Main article: [[Geography of Indonesia]]'' [[Image:Id-map.png|thumb|336px|right|Map of Indonesia]] Indonesia's [[Islands of Indonesia|17,000 islands]] (ca. 6,000 are inhabited) are scattered around the [[equator]], giving the country a tropical climate. The largest populated islands are [[Java island|Java]], where about half of the population lives, [[Sumatra]], [[Borneo]] (partially [[Malaysia]]n), [[Irian Jaya]] (western half of [[New Guinea]]) and [[Sulawesi]]. Its location on the edges of [[tectonic plate]]s means Indonesia is frequently hit by [[earthquake]]s and the resulting [[tsunami]]s. Indonesia is also rich in [[volcano]]es, the most famous being the now disappeared [[Krakatau]] ([[Krakatoa]]). See also: [[Asia#Map|Map of Asia]] == Economy == ''Main article: [[Economy of Indonesia]]'' Indonesia suffered of major economic problems in the late [[1990s]], but economy has recently stabilised. The country has extensive natural resources like [[oil]] and [[natural gas]], [[tin]], [[copper]] and [[gold]]. Agriculture mainly produces [[rice]], [[tea]], [[coffee]], [[spice]]s and [[rubber]]. Indonesia's major trading partners are [[Japan]], the [[United States]] and the surrounding nations of [[Singapore]], [[Malaysia]] and [[Australia]]. == Demographics == ''Main article: [[Demographics of Indonesia]]'' The Indonesian population can be roughly divided into two groups. In the west of the country, the people are mostly [[Malay people|Malay]], while the people of the east are [[Papua]]n. However, the ethnic structure is rather diverse, with several traditional tribes still living in the inlands of Borneo and Irian Jaya. The [[Indonesian Chinese|Chinese]] form a large ethnic minority (2 to 3 million). Although important to Indonesian economy, they are generally disliked by indigenous Indonesians. [[Islam]] is Indonesia's main religion, with almost 82% of the people adhering to it. The remainder of the population is [[Christianity|Christian]] (9%), [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] (2%), and [[Hindu]] (3%), the latter are a majority on the island of [[Bali]]. Religious conflicts have been numerous in recent years, especially in the [[Moluccas]]. The official language, [[Bahasa Indonesia]] - a dialect of [[Malay language|Malay]] - is spoken by almost everybody, although local dialects are usually the primary language. == Culture == ''Main article: [[Culture of Indonesia]]'' Art forms in Indonesia have been influenced by several cultures. The famous Javanese and Balinese dances, for example, contain aspects of [[Hindu]] culture and mythology. Also well-known are the Javanese and Balinese [[wayang kulit]] shadow theatre shows, displaying several mythological events. Several Islands are famous for their [[batik]] and [[ikat]] cloth. In the book [[Max Havelaar]], Dutch author [[Multatuli]] criticised the Dutch treatment of the Indonesians, which gained him international attention. *[[Music of Indonesia]] == Miscellaneous topics == * [[Communications in Indonesia]] * [[Transportation in Indonesia]] * [[Islands of Indonesia]] * [[Military of Indonesia]] * [[Foreign relations of Indonesia]] * [[List of Indonesians|List of famous Indonesians]] ==External links== '''Official Sites (owned and operated by the government of Indonesia and its agencies)''' * [http://www.indonesia.go.id/ www.indonesia.go.id - National Portal of Republic of Indonesia] (in Indonesian) * [http://www.info-ri.com/ Info-RI - National Information Portal] (in Indonesian) * Antara - National News Agency (available both [http://www.antara.co.id/english.asp in English] and [http://www.antara.co.id/indonesia.asp in Indonesian]) * RRI - National Radio Station (available in [http://www.rri-online.com/ Indonesian], [http://www.rri-online.com/modules.php?name=SLN_English English], [http://www.rri-online.com/modules.php?name=SLN_France French], [http://www.rri-online.com/modules.php?name=SLN_Deutsch German], [http://www.rri-online.com/modules.php?name=SLN_Japanese Japanese], [http://www.rri-online.com/modules.php?name=SLN_Thai Thai], [http://www.rri-online.com/modules.php?name=SLN_Korean Korean], and [http://www.rri-online.com/modules.php?name=SLN_Spanish Spanish]) * [http://www.tvri.co.id/ TVRI - National Television Station] (in Indonesian) * [http://www.deplu.go.id/2003/process/language.php?lang=english List of Indonesian embassies and consulates worldwide (Department of Foreign Affairs)] (follow the "Embassies & Consulates" link in the linked page) '''Other Sites (''not'' owned nor operated by the government of Indonesia and its agencies)''' * [http://www.wirantaprawira.de/links/government.htm Link list of all Government Institutions] * [http://www.indonesia-house.org/ Indonesia House] (in Dutch) * [http://www.insideindonesia.org/ Inside Indonesia] (in English) * [http://www.HavenWorks.com/world/indonesia Indonesia News.] * [http://www.ngobrol.com Indonesian Online Community] * [http://ac.uk.universityoflife.gov.edu.viagracialis.org/indonesia.rinkes.nl | Indonesia] {{Southeast_Asia}} {{ASEAN}} {{OPEC}} [[da:Indonesien]] [[de:Indonesien]] [[eo:Indonezio]] [[es:Indonesia]] [[et:Indoneesia]] [[fr:Indonésie]] [[id:Indonesia]] [[ja:&#12452;&#12531;&#12489;&#12493;&#12471;&#12450;]] [[ms:Indonesia]] [[nl:Indonesië]] [[no:Indonesia]] [[pl:Indonezja]] [[pt:Indonésia]] [[ru:&#1048;&#1085;&#1076;&#1086;&#1085;&#1077;&#1079;&#1080;&#1103;]] [[simple:Indonesia]] [[sl:Indonezija]] [[su:Indonesia]] [[sr:&#1048;&#1085;&#1076;&#1086;&#1085;&#1077;&#1079;&#1080;&#1112;&#1072;]] [[sv:Indonesien]] [[tl:Indonesia]] [[zh-cn:&#21360;&#24230;&#23612;&#35199;&#20122;]] *राजधानी - [[जकार्ता]] *भाषा - [[भाषा इन्‍दोनेशिया]] [[en:Indonesia]] 880 6121 2004-08-23T19:47:37Z Murtasa 17 ''This page may have to be merged with [[अर्थशास्‍त्रम्‌]].'' '''अर्थशास्त्रं''' आर्थिक प्रश्‍नानि वर्तते । *[[कौटिल्‍य:]] [[af:Ekonomie]] [[bg:&#1048;&#1082;&#1086;&#1085;&#1086;&#1084;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[bs:Ekonomija]] [[ca:Economia]] [[cs:Ekonomie]] [[cy:Economeg]] [[da:&Oslash;konomi]] [[de:Volkswirtschaftslehre]] [[en:Economics]] [[eo:Ekonomiko]] [[es:Economía]] [[el:&#927;&#953;&#954;&#959;&#957;&#959;&#956;&#953;&#954;&#940;]] [[fa:&#1575;&#1602;&#1578;&#1589;&#1575;&#1583;]] [[fr:&Eacute;conomie (science)]] [[fy:Ekonomy]] [[gl:Economía]] [[hr:Ekonomija]] [[hu:k&ouml;zgazdas&aacute;gtan]] [[ia:Economia]] [[id:Ekonomi]] [[it:Economia]] [[ja:&#32076;&#28168;&#23398;]] [[ko:&#44221;&#51228;&#54617;]] [[lt:Ekonomika]] [[lv:Ekonomika]] [[nl:Economie]] [[no:&Oslash;konomi]] [[oc:Economia]] [[nds:Wertschap]] [[pl:Ekonomia]] [[pt:Economia]] [[ro:Economie]] [[ru:&#1069;&#1082;&#1086;&#1085;&#1086;&#1084;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[simple:Economics]] [[sl:ekonomija]] [[sr:&#1045;&#1082;&#1086;&#1085;&#1086;&#1084;&#1080;&#1112;&#1072;]] [[sv:Nationalekonomi]] [[th:เศรษฐศาสตร์]] [[zh-cn:&#32463;&#27982;&#23398;]] [[zh-tw:&#32147;&#28639;&#23416;]] 882 6123 2004-10-14T14:33:58Z 68.155.122.240 '''पुरातनशास्त्रं''' प्राक्कालीनव्यवहारविषयं ==जालगवाक्षा:== * [http://www.bris.ac.uk/Depts/Archaeology/events/chat.html CHAT] - 'CHAT' group for contemporary and historical archaeology and theory. * [http://www.eculturalresources.com/ eCulturalResources] - Cultural Resource Management Jobs, News, Consultants, and Resources. * [http://www.shovelbums.org/ Shovelbums.org] - Archaeological opportunities mailing list. * [http://nefer-seba.net/Archaeological-Fieldwork.php Excavation Sites] Archaeological work and volunteer pages. *[http://wasteflake.com/tiki-index.php?page=PopularArchaeology Archaeology in Popular Culture] * ''[http://www.hallofmaat.com/maat/index.php Hall of Maat]'' : Weighing evidence for Alternative History, pseudohistory, and pseudoarchaeology. * [http://www.anthropologie.net/ Anthropology Resources on the Internet] - Anthropology Resources on the Internet : a web directory with over 3000 links grouped in specialised topics. * [http://www.ericdigests.org/2001-1/archaeology.html Teaching Archaeology. ERIC Digest.] * [http://www.african-archaeology.net/ African Archaeology] - African Archaeology : a web directory on Africa. [[en:Archaeology]] 883 9928 2005-12-15T16:06:49Z Metlin 118 '''गणितं''' रेखाबीजादिगणितविद्या ==गणितज्ञ सूची== *[[कणाद]] *[[याज्ञवल्‍क्‍य]] *[[लगध]] *[[बौधायन]] *[[आर्यभट:]] *[[ब्रह्मगुप्त:]] *[[वराहमिहिर:]] *[[श्रीपति]] *[[भास्कर:]] * [[नीलकण्‍ठ]] * [[माधव]] *[[श्रीनिवास रामानुजन्]] *[[डेविड हिल्बर्ट]] *[[गणना]] [[en:Mathematics]] [[cs:Matematika]] 884 9927 2005-12-15T16:06:19Z Metlin 118 श्रीनिवास रामानुजन् (जन्म 1887) अतीव प्रसिद्धः महान गणितज आसीत् । [[en:S. Ramanujan]] 885 11979 2006-11-28T19:51:34Z Escarbot 175 robot Adding: bg, bs, cs, da, el, eo, et, fa, fo, hu, id, lv, ro, sh, simple, sr, uk, vi [[Image:Hilbert.jpg|thumb|डेविड हिल्बर्ट [[1912]]]] '''डेविड हिल्बर्ट''' १८६२-१९४३तमे जर्मनवासी महान गणितज्ञ आसीत् । [[ar:ديفيد هيلبرت]] [[bg:Давид Хилберт]] [[bn:ডেভিড হিলবার্ট]] [[bs:David Hilbert]] [[ca:David Hilbert]] [[cs:David Hilbert]] [[da:David Hilbert]] [[de:David Hilbert]] [[el:Νταβίντ Χίλμπερτ]] [[en:David Hilbert]] [[eo:David Hilbert]] [[es:David Hilbert]] [[et:David Hilbert]] [[fa:داوید هیلبرت]] [[fi:David Hilbert]] [[fo:David Hilbert]] [[fr:David Hilbert]] [[he:דויד הילברט]] [[hi:डेविड हिल्बर्ट]] [[hu:David Hilbert]] [[id:David Hilbert]] [[it:David Hilbert]] [[ja:ダフィット・ヒルベルト]] [[ka:ჰილბერტი, დავიდ]] [[ko:다비드 힐베르트]] [[lv:Dāvids Hilberts]] [[nl:David Hilbert]] [[no:David Hilbert]] [[pl:David Hilbert]] [[pt:David Hilbert]] [[ro:David Hilbert]] [[ru:Гильберт, Давид]] [[sco:David Hilbert]] [[sh:David Hilbert]] [[simple:David Hilbert]] [[sk:David Hilbert]] [[sl:David Hilbert]] [[sr:Давид Хилберт]] [[sv:David Hilbert]] [[th:ดาฟิด ฮิลแบร์ท]] [[tr:David Hilbert]] [[uk:Гільберт Давид]] [[vi:David Hilbert]] [[zh:大卫·希尔伯特]] 886 6127 2004-11-17T14:51:40Z 24.6.193.199 '''भास्कर:''' (११५०) महान गणितज्ञ:, ज्योतिर्वित्‌ च आसीत् । "लीलावती" लिखितवान् । स: उज्जयिन्यां ज्योतिषालोकन-शालाया: प्रमुख: आसीत्‌ | *[[गणितं]] 887 6128 2004-09-25T03:03:23Z 65.0.116.58 [[en:Europe]] यूरोप-महाद्वीप: [[एशिया]] पश्चिमे स्थित: । तस्यै देशा: - [[ब्रिटेन]] [[फ्रांस]] [[स्‍वीडन]] [[नार्वे]] [[फिन्‍लैंड]] [[जर्मनी]] [[डेनमार्क]] [[इटली]] [[स्‍पेन]] [[पुर्तगाल]] [[बेल्‍जियम]] [[हालेंड]] [[एस्‍टोनिया]] [[लेटविया]] [[रोमानिया]] [[बुल्‍गेरिया]] [[तुर्की]] [[सर्बिया]] [[स्‍विट्‍जरलैंड]] [[बास्‍निया]] [[आस्‍ट्रिया]] 888 13025 2006-12-20T05:00:19Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[fur:Afriche]] अफ्रीका-महाद्वीप: यूरोप दक्षिणे स्थित: । तस्यै देशा: - *[[सूडान]] *[[केन्‍या]] *[[दक्षिण अफ्रीका]] *[[मराको]] *[[अल्‍जीरिया]] *[[टूनिसिया]] *[[लिबिया]] *[[चाड]] *[[घाना]] *[[अंगोला ]] *[[कांगो]] *[[मिस्र]] *[[मारिशस]] *[[मोजम्‍बीक ]] [[af:Afrika]] [[als:Afrika]] [[am:አፍሪቃ]] [[an:Africa]] [[ang:Africa]] [[ar:أفريقيا]] [[arc:ܐܦܪܝܩܐ]] [[ast:África]] [[az:Afrika]] [[bar:Afrika]] [[bat-smg:Afrėka]] [[be:Афрыка]] [[bg:Африка]] [[bm:Afiriki]] [[bn:আফ্রিকা]] [[bo:ཧྥི་ཀྲོའུ་གླིང་]] [[br:Afrika]] [[bs:Afrika]] [[ca:Àfrica]] [[cs:Afrika]] [[cy:Affrica]] [[da:Afrika]] [[de:Afrika]] [[el:Αφρική]] [[en:Africa]] [[eo:Afriko]] [[es:África]] [[et:Aafrika]] [[eu:Afrika]] [[fa:افریقا]] [[ff:Afirik]] [[fi:Afrikka]] [[fo:Afrika]] [[fr:Afrique]] [[frp:Africa]] [[fur:Afriche]] [[fy:Afrika]] [[ga:An Afraic]] [[gd:Afraga]] [[gl:África]] [[gu:આફ્રિકા]] [[he:אפריקה]] [[hi:अफ़्रीका]] [[hr:Afrika]] [[ht:Afrik]] [[hu:Afrika]] [[ia:Africa]] [[id:Afrika]] [[io:Afrika]] [[is:Afríka]] [[it:Africa]] [[ja:アフリカ]] [[jbo:frikytu'a]] [[jv:Afrika]] [[ka:აფრიკა]] [[kg:Afelika]] [[kn:ಆಫ್ರಿಕಾ]] [[ko:아프리카]] [[ksh:Affrika]] [[ku:Efrîqa]] [[kw:Afrika]] [[la:Africa]] [[lb:Afrika]] [[li:Afrika]] [[lo:ອາຟຣິກກາ]] [[lt:Afrika]] [[lv:Āfrika]] [[mg:Afrika]] [[mk:Африка]] [[ms:Afrika]] [[mt:Afrika]] [[my:အာဖရိက]] [[nds:Afrika]] [[nds-nl:Afrika]] [[ne:अफ्रीका]] [[nl:Afrika]] [[nn:Afrika]] [[no:Afrika]] [[nov:Afrika]] [[nrm:Afrique]] [[pdc:Afrikaa]] [[pih:Afreka]] [[pl:Afryka]] [[pt:África]] [[qu:Afrika]] [[ro:Africa]] [[ru:Африка]] [[rw:Afurika]] [[scn:Àfrica]] [[se:Afrihkká]] [[sh:Afrika]] [[simple:Africa]] [[sk:Afrika]] [[sl:Afrika]] [[sm:Aferika]] [[so:Afrika]] [[sq:Afrika]] [[sr:Африка]] [[sv:Afrika]] [[sw:Afrika]] [[ta:ஆப்பிரிக்கா]] [[tg:Африқо]] [[th:ทวีปแอฟริกา]] [[tk:Afrika]] [[tl:Aprika]] [[tr:Afrika]] [[ug:ئافرىقا]] [[uk:Африка]] [[vi:Châu Phi]] [[wa:Afrike]] [[wo:Afrik]] [[yi:אפריקע]] [[zh:非洲]] [[zh-classical:阿非利加洲]] [[zh-min-nan:Hui-chiu]] [[zh-yue:非洲]] 889 10895 2006-07-15T08:58:25Z 59.183.6.56 [[en:History]] '''इतिहास:''' एक: प्राचीनं विषय: अस्ति । गणित-इतिहास: आयुर्विज्ञान-इतिहास: भौतिकी-इतिहास: जीवविज्ञान-इतिहास: 890 11636 2006-11-12T03:31:15Z देशा 218 [[en:Philosophy]][[hi:दर्शनशास्त्र]] *[[तत्वज्ञानं]] *[[नीति:]] *[[तर्क:]] [[पूर्व-मीमांसा]] [[सांख्य]] [[योग]] [[वैशेषिक]] [[न्याय]] [[उत्तर-मीमांसा]] 891 6132 2004-10-13T17:15:07Z 130.39.222.122 /* अन्‍य */ [[en:Mythology]] '''मिथकशास्त्रं''' इतिहास-पुराण-मनोविज्ञानं मिश्रित: । ==त्रिमूर्ति== * [[ब्रह्मा]] *[[विष्‍णु]] *[[महेश]] ===वैदिक देवा:=== *[[अग्‍नि]] *[[इन्‍द्र]] *[[मित्र]] *[[सूर्य]] *[[वायु]] *[[वरुण]] *[[यम]] *[[कुबेर]] *[[सोम]] *[[काम]] *[[गायत्री]] *[[अदिति]] *[[उषा]] *[[सरस्‍वती]] ===[[विष्‍णु अवतार]]=== *[[मत्‍स्‍य]] *[[कूर्म]] *[[वराह]] *[[नृसिंह]] *[[वामन]] *[[परशुराम]] *[[राम]] *[[कृष्‍ण]] *[[बुद्घ]] *[[कल्‍कि]] ===अन्‍य=== *[[गणेश]] *[[पार्वती]] *[[कार्त्तिकेय]] *[[सीता]] *[[हनुमान]] *[[शक्ति]] *[[देवी]] *[[कालि]] *[[दुर्गा]] *[[लक्ष्‍मी]] *[[अम्‍मन्‌]] 892 12968 2006-12-18T23:10:30Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[frp:Nèpal]] <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px"> <caption><font size="+1">'''&#2344;&#2375;&#2346;&#2366;&#2354; &#2309;&#2343;&#2367;&#2352;&#2366;&#2332;&#2381;&#2351;</font></caption> <tr><td style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2> <table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> <tr><td align="center" width="140px">[[Image:Flag of Nepal.svg|125px|Flag of Nepal]] <td align="center" width="140px">[[Image:Coat of arms of Nepal.png|120px|Coat of arms of Nepal]] <tr><td align="center" width="150px">([[Flag of Nepal|In Detail]]) <td align="center" width="140px">(Full size) </table> <tr><td align="center" colspan=2 style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;"><font size="-1">''National [[motto]]: </br>&#2332;&#2344;&#2344;&#2368; &#2332;&#2344;&#2381;&#2350;&#2349;&#2370;&#2350;&#2367;&#2359;&#2381;&#2330; &#2360;&#2381;&#2357;&#2352;&#2381;&#2327;&#2366;&#2342;&#2346;&#2367; &#2327;&#2352;&#2367;&#2351;&#2360;&#2367;</br> "Janani Janmabhumishcha Svargadapi Gariyasi''</font> <tr><td align=center colspan=2>[[image:LocationNepal.png]]</td></tr> <tr><td>[[राजकीय भाषा]] <td>[[Nepali language|नेपाली]] <tr><td>[[राजधानी]] <td>[[काठमाडौं]] <tr><td>[[Kings of Nepal|राजन]] <td>[[ज्ञानेन्‍द्र वीर विक्रम शाहदेव]] </tr> <tr><td>राष्‍ट्रिय [[पशु:]]</td><td>[[गौमाता]]</td></tr> <tr><td>राष्‍ट्रिय [[पक्षी]]</td><td>[[डांफे]]</td></tr> <tr><td>राष्‍ट्रिय [[पुष्‍पं]]</td><td>[[लाली गुराँस]]</td></tr> <tr> </tr> <tr><td> [[क्षेत्रफल:]]</td><td>[[List of countries by area|९४औं स्थान]]</td></tr> <tr><td> [[क्षेत्रफल:]](सांख्य)</td><td>१,४७,१८१ [[वर्ग किलोमीटर|प्रति वर्ग कि. मि.]]</td></tr> <tr><td>जल क्षेत्रफल (प्रतिशत)</td><td>२.८%</td></tr> <tr> </tr> <tr><td> [[जनसंख्या]]</td><td>[[List of countries by population|स्थान: ४०]]</td></tr> <tr><td> [[जनसंख्या]](सांख्य)</td><td>२,५२,८४,४६३ </td></tr> <tr><td>[[Population density|जनघनत्व]]</td><td>१८४ [[प्रति वर्ग कि. मि.]] </td></tr> <tr> <br> <tr><td>एकिकरण <td>[[१७६८]] <tr><td>[[मूद्रा]] <td>[[नेपाली रुपी ]] ([[ISO 4217|NPR]]) <tr><td>[[समय क्षेत्र]] <td>[[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] +5:45 <tr><td>[[राष्ट्रीय गान]] <td>[[राष्ट्र गान]] (श्रीमान गंभीर नेपाली) <tr><td>[[Top-level domain|Internet TLD]]<td>.NP <tr><td>[[List_of_country_calling_codes|Calling Code]]<td>977 </table> '''नेपाल''' एशिया महाद्वीपे दक्षिणे एक: देश: अस्ति । नेपाल उत्तरे चीन देश: अस्‍ति । पश्चिमे, पूर्वे एवं दक्षिणे भारत देश: अस्‍ति । नेपालस्य प्रमुख धर्म [[हिन्दू धर्म]] अस्ति| == इतिहास:== ===२००१=== राजकुमारेण दीपेन्‍द्रेण कृतम्‌ नरमेधेन नेपालराजपरिवारस्‍य दश सदस्‍या: स्‍वयं राजकुमारश्‍च दुर्मरणं प्राप्तवन्त: नेपालस्य इतिहासे कञ्चन करालम्‌ अध्यामेव समायोजयत्‌| नेपालनरेश: [[वीरेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाहदेव]]: लोकप्रिय: आसीत्‌| १९७२तमे सिंहासनारोहणं कृत्वा निरङ्कुशप्रभुत्वं प्राप्यापि स: अनन्तरम्‌ आरब्धं प्रजातन्‍त्र-आन्‍दोलनम्‌ अङ्गीकृत्‍य नेपाले प्रजातन्त्रस्थापनस्य प्रेरक: अभवत्‌| अकस्‍मात्‌ उत्‍थित: दीपेन्द्रस्य प्रेमप्रकरणरूप: दावाग्नि: समग्रमेव परिवारं भस्मसात्‌ अकरोत्‌| १ जून, २००१ तमे शुक्रवासरे रात्रौ ११वादने दीपेन्द्रेण इस्रैल-निर्मिता भुषुण्डि: अग्निवर्षणं कृत्‍वा महाराज-वीरेन्‍द्रं, [[महाराज्ञीं ऐश्वर्यां]], राजकुमारं निरञ्जनं, राजकुमारीं श्रुतिं, अन्‍यान्‌ अपि उपस्थितान्‌ पञ्चषान्‌ बान्धवान्‌, अन्‍ते च स्‍वयं दीपेन्द्रं अपि यमालयम्‌ अप्रेषयत्‌| दीपेन्‍द्रेण परिणेतुम्‌ इष्टां देवयानीं स्नुषात्वेन अङ्गीकर्तुं महाराज्ञी न ऐच्छत्‌| तद्दिने रात्रि-भोजनावसरे तया पुत्रं उद्दिश्य उक्तं, "यदि तामेव परिणेष्यति तर्हि नेपाल-युवराजपदं त्यक्तव्यं भवति|" महाराज: अपि महाराज्ञी वचनमेव अनुमोदितवान्‌| कुपित: दीपेन्द्र: सर्वान्‌ अपि मारयित्वा स्वयं च आत्महत्यां कृतवान्‌| == भूगोल == == आंचल == [[मेची]], [[कोशी]], [[सागरमाथा]], [[जनकपुर]], [[बागमती]], [[नारायणी]], [[गण्डकी]], [[लुम्बिनी]], [[धवलगिरि]], [[राप्ती]], [[कर्णाली]], [[भेरी]], [[सेती]], [[महाकाली]] == संदर्भ: == *[[CIA World Factbook]] [http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/np.html] 2000 *[http://www.mope.gov.np/population/chapter5.php Nepal Population Report 2002] *http://www.nepalnews.com *http://www.nepalitimes.com *http://www.himalmag.com *http://www.welcomenepal.com *http://www.cybernepal.com.np *http://www.pokharacity.com *http://www.nepalonline.com *http://www.thamelonline.com {{नेपाल}} [[Category:नेपाल]] [[an:Nepal]] [[ar:نيبال]] [[az:Nepal]] [[be:Непал]] [[bg:Непал]] [[bh:नेपाल]] [[bn:নেপাল]] [[bpy:নেপাল]] [[ca:Nepal]] [[cs:Nepál]] [[cv:Непал]] [[cy:Nepal]] [[da:Nepal]] [[de:Nepal]] [[dv:ނޭޕާލް]] [[el:Νεπάλ]] [[en:Nepal]] [[eo:Nepalo]] [[es:Nepal]] [[et:Nepal]] [[eu:Nepal]] [[fa:نپال]] [[fi:Nepal]] [[fo:Nepal]] [[fr:Népal]] [[frp:Nèpal]] [[fy:Nepal]] [[gd:Nepal]] [[gl:Nepal - नेपाल अधिराज्य]] [[gu:નેપાળ]] [[he:נפאל]] [[hi:नेपाल]] [[hr:Nepal]] [[ht:Nepal]] [[hu:Nepál]] [[id:Nepal]] [[ilo:Nepal]] [[io:Nepal]] [[is:Nepal]] [[it:Nepal]] [[ja:ネパール]] [[jbo:nepal]] [[ka:ნეპალი]] [[ko:네팔]] [[ks:नेपाल]] [[ku:Nepal]] [[kw:Nepal]] [[la:Nepalia]] [[li:Nepal]] [[lt:Nepalas]] [[lv:Nepāla]] [[mk:Непал]] [[ms:Nepal]] [[nds:Nepal]] [[ne:नेपाल]] [[nl:Nepal]] [[nn:Nepal]] [[no:Nepal]] [[oc:Nepal]] [[os:Непал]] [[pam:Nepal]] [[pl:Nepal]] [[pt:Nepal]] [[rmy:नेपाल]] [[ro:Nepal]] [[ru:Непал]] [[scn:Nepal]] [[sh:Nepal]] [[simple:Nepal]] [[sk:Nepál]] [[sl:Nepal]] [[sq:Nepali]] [[sr:Непал]] [[sv:Nepal]] [[ta:நேபாளம்]] [[th:ประเทศเนปาล]] [[tl:Nepal]] [[tr:Nepal]] [[ug:نېپلا]] [[uk:Непал]] [[vi:Nepal]] [[zh:尼泊尔]] [[zh-min-nan:Nepal]] 893 12845 2006-12-18T07:32:48Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[bn:আর্যভট্ট]], [[es:Aryabhata]] [[Image:2064_aryabhata-crp.jpg|thumb|आर्यभटस्य पुणेनगरे मूर्तिः]] '''आर्यभट:''' (जन्म ४७३) महान गणितज्ञ, ज्योतिर्विद्‌ च आसीत् । स: [[आर्यभटीयम्]] अरचयत्‌. *[[गणितं]] [[bn:আর্যভট্ট]] [[de:Aryabhata]] [[en:Aryabhata]] [[es:Aryabhata]] [[fi:Aryabhata]] [[fr:Âryabhata]] [[hi:आर्यभट]] [[is:Aryabhata]] [[ja:アリヤバータ]] [[kn:ಆರ್ಯಭಟ]] [[pt:Aryabhata]] [[sl:Aryabhata I.]] [[sv:Aryabhata]] [[uk:Аріабхата I]] 894 6135 2004-10-24T17:49:19Z 65.0.97.250 '''ब्रह्मगुप्त:''' (५९८-६६८) महान गणितज्ञ, ज्योतिष च आसीत् । *[[गणितं]] [[en:Brahmagupta]] [[fr:Brahmagupta]] [[sl:Brahmagupta]] 895 6136 2004-10-30T00:01:02Z 68.159.19.16 .. '''वन्दे मातरम्''' .. [[बंकिमचन्द्र चट्टोपाध्याय]] वन्दे मातरम् सुजलां सुफलां मलयजशीतलाम् शस्य श्यामलां मातरं . शुभ्र ज्योत्स्ना पुलकित यामिनीम् फुल्ल कुसुमित द्रुमदलशोभिनीम्, सुहासिनीं सुमधुर भाषिणीम् . सुखदां वरदां मातरम् .. वन्दे मातरम् सप्त कोटि कण्ठ कलकल निनाद कराले निसप्त कोटि भुजैर्ध्रुत खरकरवाले के बोले मा तुमी अबले बहुबल धारिणीं नमामि तारिणीम् रिपुदलवारिणीं मातरम् .. वन्दे मातरम् तुमि विद्या तुमि धर्म,तुमि हृदि तुमि मर्म त्वं हि प्राणाः शरीरे बाहुते तुमि मा शक्ति, हृदये तुमि मा भक्ति, तोमारै प्रतिमा गडि मंदिरे मंदिरे .. वन्दे मातरम् त्वं हि दुर्गा दशप्रहरणधारिणी कमला कमलदल विहारिणी वाणी विद्यादायिनी,नमामि त्वाम् नमामि कमलां अमलां अतुलाम् सुजलां सुफलां मातरम् .. वन्दे मातरम् श्यामलां सरलां सुस्मितां भूषिताम् धरणीं भरणीं मातरम् .. वन्दे मातरम् 896 12817 2006-12-17T22:23:42Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: el, id, ms, no, sk, ta, ur, vi '''वेद:''' श्रुति । चतुर् वेद: सन्ति-- *[[ऋग्वेद:]] *[[यजुर्वेद:]] *[[सामवेद:]] *[[अथर्वेद:]] [[bg:Веди]] [[br:Veda]] [[da:Vedaerne]] [[de:Veda]] [[el:Βέντα]] [[en:Vedas]] [[eo:Vedoj]] [[es:Vedas]] [[et:Vedad]] [[fi:Veda-kirjat]] [[fr:Veda]] [[he:ודות]] [[hi:वेद]] [[hu:Védák]] [[id:Weda]] [[it:Veda]] [[ja:ヴェーダ]] [[ko:베다]] [[lt:Vedos]] [[lv:Vēdas]] [[ms:Veda]] [[nl:Veda's]] [[nn:Veda]] [[no:Veda-samlingene]] [[pl:Wedy]] [[pt:Vedas]] [[ru:Веды]] [[simple:Vedas]] [[sk:Véda]] [[sl:Vede]] [[sv:Veda]] [[ta:வேதம்]] [[th:คัมภีร์พระเวท]] [[tr:Vedalar]] [[uk:Веди]] [[ur:وید]] [[vi:Kinh Vệ Đà]] [[zh:吠陀]] 898 12854 2006-12-18T08:00:22Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[hi:कपिला वात्स्यायन]] '''कपिला वात्स्यायन''' इन्दिरा-कलाकेन्द्रस्य संस्थापिका लेखिका च । {{stub}} [[en:Kapila Vatsyayan]] [[hi:कपिला वात्स्यायन]] 899 12141 2006-11-30T17:44:55Z सहाय 223 /* निर्देशक */ [[en:Film]] ==निर्देशक== *[[गुरु दत्त]] *[[सत्यजित राय]] ==संगीतकार== *[[शंकर-जयकिशन]] *[[नौशाद]] 900 12240 2006-12-06T03:00:45Z सहाय 223 '''कवितायाः''' [[परिभाषा]]ऽनेकाः सन्ति , किन्तु सर्वमान्या मुख्या परिभाषास्ति '' वाक्यं रसात्मकं काव्यम् ''अर्थात् येन वाक्येन रसोत्पत्तिः भवति तत् वाक्यं कविता कथ्यते। [[रस]],[[छन्द|छन्दालंकारैः]] युक्ता कविता आनन्दोत्पत्तिं करोति। महात्मना [[तुलसीदास|तुलसीदासेन]] उक्तं यत् ---''कीरति भणिति भूति भलि सोई।सुरसरि सम सब कर हित होई।। ''अर्थात् येन काव्येन सर्वेषां जनानां हितं भवति तत् [[काव्यं]] [[साहित्यं]] कथ्यते। ''आनन्दो वै काव्यः'' अर्थात् आनन्दमेव कवितायाः प्रथम लक्षणमस्ति। यथा-- सौन्दर्यँ दशर्नम् वैभवं कामये न धनं कामये केवलं कामिनी दर्शनं कामये सृष्टि कार्येण तुष्टोस्म्यहं यद्यपि चापि सौन्दर्य संवर्धनं कामये। रेलयाने स्थिता उच्च शयनासने मुक्त केशांगना अस्त व्यस्तासने शोभिता तत्र सर्वांग आन्दोलिता अनवरत यान परिचालनं कामये। सैव मिलिता सड़क परिवहन वाहने पंक्ति बद्धाः वयं यात्रि संमर्दने मम समक्षे स्थिता श्रोणि वक्षोन्नता अप्रयासांग स्पर्शनं कामये। सैव दृष्टा मया अद्य नद्यास्तटे सा जलान्निर्गता भाति क्लेदित पटे दृशयते यादृशा शाटिकालिंगिता तादृशम् एव आलिंगनं कामये। एकदा मध्य नगरे स्थिते उपवने अर्धकेशामपश्यम् लता मण्डपे आंग्ल शवानेन सह खेलयन्ती तदा अहमपि श्वानवत् क्रीडनं कामये। नित्य पश्याम्यहं हाटके परिभ्रमन्तां लिपिष्टकाधरोष्ठी कटाक्ष चालयन् अतिमनोहारिणीं मारुति गामिनीम् अंग प्रत्यंग आघातनं कामये। स्कूटी यानेन गच्छति स्वकार्यालयं अस्ति मार्गे वृहद् गत्यवरोधकम् दृश्यते कूर्दयन् वक्ष पक्षी द्वयं पथिषु सर्वत्र अवरोधकम् कामये। : शास्त्री नित्यगोपाल कटारे : 901 13063 2006-12-22T19:16:35Z Escarbot 175 robot Adding: bs, el, gl, hr, hu, id, io, is, ko, lv, no, oc, tg, ur Modifying: eo, pt, ro, sv '''टी. एस. एलियट''' (१८८८-१९६५)अमेरिकन कवि आसीत् । {{stub}} [[bg:Томас Стърнз Елиът]] [[bs:Thomas Stearns Eliot]] [[cs:Thomas Stearns Eliot]] [[de:T. S. Eliot]] [[el:Τόμας Στερνς Έλιοτ]] [[en:T. S. Eliot]] [[eo:T. S. Eliot]] [[es:T. S. Eliot]] [[fi:T. S. Eliot]] [[fr:Thomas Stearns Eliot]] [[gl:T.S. Eliot]] [[he:תומס סטרנס אליוט]] [[hr:Thomas Stearns Eliot]] [[hu:T. S. Eliot]] [[id:Thomas Stearns Eliot]] [[io:T. S. Eliot]] [[is:T. S. Eliot]] [[it:Thomas Stearns Eliot]] [[ja:T・S・エリオット]] [[ko:T. S. 엘리엇]] [[ku:Thomas Stearns Eliot]] [[lv:Tomass Stērnss Eliots]] [[nl:T.S. Eliot]] [[no:T.S. Eliot]] [[oc:T. S. Eliot]] [[pl:Thomas Stearns Eliot]] [[pt:Thomas Stearns Eliot]] [[ro:T. S. Eliot]] [[ru:Элиот, Томас Стернз]] [[simple:T. S. Eliot]] [[sr:Томас Стернс Елиот]] [[sv:T.S. Eliot]] [[tg:Т.С. Элиот]] [[tr:T. S. Eliot]] [[ur:ٹی۔ ایس ایلیٹ]] [[zh:托马斯·斯特尔那斯·艾略特]] 902 6142 2004-08-25T07:44:22Z Murtasa 17 [[en:Painting]] ==प्राचीन काल== *सातवाहन काल *गुप्त-वाकातक काल *[[अजन्‍ता]] ==भारतीय लघुचित्र== *[[कश्मीर लघुचित्र]] *[[जैन लघुचित्र]] *[[मुगल लघुचित्र]] *[[दक्षिण लघुचित्र]] *[[मध्य भारत लघुचित्र]] *[[राजस्थान लघुचित्र]] *[[पहाडी लघुचित्र]] 903 6143 2004-08-25T09:27:20Z Murtasa 17 '''पहाडी लघुचित्र''' *बसोहली *गुलेर *चम्बा *गढवाल *कश्मीर 904 6144 2004-08-25T09:10:28Z Murtasa 17 [[en:Drama]] *[[भरत मुनि]] *[[भास]] *[[अश्वघोष]] *[[कालिदास]] 905 12887 2006-12-18T19:01:41Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: hi, no, ru, sk, th '''प्राकृतं''' *[[पालि]] *[[अर्धमागधी]] *[[हिन्दी]] [[da:Prakrit]] [[de:Prakrit]] [[en:Prakrit]] [[eo:Prakrito]] [[es:Prácrito]] [[fr:Prâkrit]] [[hi:प्राकृत]] [[id:Bahasa Prakerta]] [[ja:プラークリット]] [[nl:Prakrit]] [[nn:Prakritspråk]] [[no:Prakrit]] [[pl:Prakryty]] [[ru:Пракрит]] [[sk:Stredné indoárijské jazyky]] [[sv:Prakrit]] [[th:ภาษาปรากฤต]] 906 12661 2006-12-14T09:55:18Z Escarbot 175 robot Adding: an, ast, bg, bn, br, bs, ca, cy, da, dv, eu, fi, gd, gu, he, hu, id, io, is, it, ka, kn, ko, li, lt, mr, ms, nl, nn, no, oc, pt, qu, rmy, ru, sh, sq, sr, sv, ta, te, tg, th, tl, tr, ug, ur, vi, zh Modifying: eo, simple <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300"> <tr><th colspan="2" bgcolor=lawngreen><big> ''&#2361;&#2367;&#2344;&#2381;&#2342;&#2368;'' </big></th></tr> <tr><td>Spoken<td>[[भारत]] <tr><td>वक्ता:<td> 800 Million <tr><td>[[List of languages by total speakers|Ranking]]<td>2 <tr><td valign=top>[[Language families and languages|Genetic]]<br>[[Language families and languages|classification]] <td>[[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]]<br> &nbsp;[[आर्य-भाषा]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;'''हिन्‍दी''' <tr><th colspan=2 bgcolor=lawngreen>Official status <tr><td>[[Official language]]<td valign="top">[[भारत]] <tr><td valign=top>Regulated by<td>- <tr><th colspan=2 bgcolor=lawngreen>Language codes <tr><td>[[ISO 639]]-1<td>hi <tr><td>ISO 639-2<td>hin <tr><td>[[SIL]]<td>HND </table> '''हिन्दी''' [[आर्य-भाषा परिवार]]स्‍य एका भाषा अस्‍ति. हिन्दीभाषा [[देवनागरी]]लिप्या लिख्यते. हिन्दीभाषायां बहव: तद्भवशब्दा: व्यवह्रियन्ते. ==तुलना== अधस्तात्‌ हिन्दीवाक्यम्‌, तस्य प्रचलितं [[संस्कृत]]रूपम्‌ प्रदत्तम्‌ - *नहीं, मिलता नहीं. / नहिं, न मिलति. *मित्र से मिल. / मित्रं मिल. *कितना मूल्य हुआ? / कति मूल्यम्‌ बभूव? *खरीदनें में बहुत रुपये लगेंगे. / क्रयणे बहूनि रुप्यकाणि लगिष्यन्ति. *तुम सफाई पर ध्यान नहीं देते. / त्वं स्वच्छताया उपरि ध्यानं न ददासि. *मैं चिन्तित हूं. / अहं चिन्तितं अस्मि. *क्षण में सब करता हूं./ क्षणे सर्वं करोमि. *मैं आज गीता पढता हूं. / अहं अद्य गीतां पठामि. *यौवन में मकडी सुन्दरी. / यौवने मर्कटी सुन्दरी. *ग्राम में कृषक बसते हैं. / ग्रामे कृषका: वसन्ति. *काल की कुटिल गति. / कालस्य कुटिला गति:. *आशा दु:ख का कारण. आशा दु:खस्य कारणम्‌. *नष्ट मूल, न हीं फल, न पुष्प. / नष्टे मूले नैव फलं न पुष्पम्‌. ==[[हिन्दी साहित्यं]]== ==लेखका:== *[[तुलसीदास]] *[[मीरा बाई]] *[[भारतेन्दु हरीश्चन्द्र]] *[[सुमित्रा नन्दन पन्त]] *[[मैथिलि शरण गुप्त]] *[[सूर्यकान्त त्रिपाठी निराला]] *[[जयशंकर प्रसाद]] *[[महादेवी वर्मा]] *[[अज्ञेय]] ==== बाह्य गवाक्षा: ==== *[http://hi.wikipedia.org/ हिन्दी विकिपीडिया] *[http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~navin/india/songs/index.html फिल्म-गीत] *[http://www.abhivyakti-hindi.org/ अभिव्यक्ति-पत्रिका] *[http://india-n-indian.com/hi/ हिन्दी साहित्यं] *[http://www.hindigagan.com हिन्दी गगन] *[http://www.hindisahitya.blogspot.com हिन्दी साहित्यं] *[http://www.hindinest.com/ हिन्दी-निबन्ध] *[http://www.cs.colostate.edu/~malaiya/hindipoets.html अमर लेखका:] [[an:Indi]] [[ast:Hindi]] [[bg:Хинди]] [[bn:হিন্দি ভাষা]] [[br:Hindeg]] [[bs:Hindi]] [[ca:Hindi]] [[cy:Hindi]] [[da:Hindi]] [[de:Hindi]] [[dv:ހިންދީ]] [[en:Hindi]] [[eo:Hindia lingvo]] [[es:Hindi]] [[eu:Hindi]] [[fi:Hindi]] [[fr:Hindî]] [[gd:Hindi]] [[gu:હિન્દી ભાષા]] [[he:הינדי]] [[hi:हिन्दी]] [[hu:Hindi nyelv]] [[id:Bahasa Hindi]] [[io:Hindi linguo]] [[is:Hindí]] [[it:Lingua hindi]] [[ja:ヒンディー語]] [[ka:ჰინდი]] [[kn:ಹಿಂದಿ]] [[ko:힌디어]] [[li:Hindi]] [[lt:Hindi]] [[mr:हिंदी भाषा]] [[ms:Bahasa Hindi]] [[nl:Hindi]] [[nn:Hindi]] [[no:Hindi]] [[oc:Indi (lenga)]] [[pl:Język hindi]] [[pt:Língua hindi]] [[qu:Hindi simi]] [[rmy:हिन्दीकानी छीब]] [[ru:Хинди]] [[sh:Hindi]] [[simple:Hindi]] [[sl:Hindijščina]] [[sq:Hindi]] [[sr:Хинди]] [[sv:Hindi]] [[ta:ஹிந்தி]] [[te:హిందీ భాష]] [[tg:Забони ҳиндӣ]] [[th:ภาษาฮินดี]] [[tl:Wikang Hindī]] [[tr:Hintçe]] [[ug:ھىندى تىلى]] [[ur:ہندی]] [[vi:Tiếng Hindi]] [[zh:印地语]] 907 6147 2004-10-24T00:23:58Z 68.159.17.126 '''राजनीति''' ==इतिहास:== [[नगर]] -- [[राष्ट्र]] == Classical political theorists == [[Plato]] -- [[Aristotle]] -- [[चाणक्‍य]] == Modern political theorists == [[Nicolo Machiavelli]] -- [[John Calvin]] -- [[Martin Luther]] -- [[Baruch Spinoza]] -- [[Jean Bodin]] -- [[Thomas Hobbes]] -- [[John Locke]] -- [[David Hume]] -- [[Adam Smith]] -- [[Jeremy Bentham]] -- [[the Federalist Papers]] -- [[Jean-Jacques Rousseau]] -- [[Immanuel Kant]] -- [[G.W.F. Hegel]] -- [[Johann Gottfried von Herder]] -- [[Alexis deTocqueville]] -- [[John Stuart Mill]] -- [[Karl Marx]] -- [[Friedrich Engels]] -- [[Max Weber]] -- [[Lenin]] [[bg:&#1055;&#1086;&#1083;&#1080;&#1090;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[ca:Política]] [[cs:Politika]] [[da:Politik]] [[de:Politik]] [[et:Politoloogia]] [[es:Política]] [[eo:Politiko]] [[fr:Politique]] [[gl:Política]] [[ia:Politica]] [[it:Politica]] [[he:&#1508;&#1493;&#1500;&#1497;&#1496;&#1497;&#1511;&#1492;]] [[sw:Siasa]] [[la:Politica]] [[ms:politik]] [[nl:Politiek]] [[ja:&#25919;&#27835;]] [[no:Politikk]] [[nds:Politik]] [[pl:Polityka]] [[pt:Política]] [[sv:Politik]] [[th:&#3585;&#3634;&#3619;&#3648;&#3617;&#3639;&#3629;&#3591;]] [[tr:Politika]] [[uk:&#1055;&#1086;&#1083;&#1110;&#1090;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[zh-cn:&#25919;&#27835;&#23398;]] [[zh-tw:&#25919;&#27835;&#23416;]] 908 12875 2006-12-18T18:06:31Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[hi:जीव विज्ञान]] {{notsanskrit}} '''जीवशास्त्रं''' यस्मिन् शास्त्रे विविधानां जीवानां समग्राध्ययनं विद्यते तच्छास्त्रं जीवशास्त्रं कथ्यते। समस्तानां प्राणिनां जीवनस्य सूक्ष्म रूपेण अवलोकनम् अध्ययनञ्च जीवशास्त्रस्य विषयः भवति। ==भूमिका== ===क्षेत्रा:=== [[चिकित्सा शास्त्र]] ===इतिहास=== [[प्रसिद्ध जीवशास्त्री]] -- [[जीवशास्त्र ईतिहास]] -- [[Nobel_Prize/Physiology_or_medicine|Nobel prize in physiology or medicine]] -- [[जीवशास्त्र व अंगीय रसायनशास्त्र कालचक्र]] ===विषय-सूची=== == [[विकासवाद]] == One of the central, organizing concepts in biology is that all life has descended from a [[common descent|common origin]] through a process of [[evolution]]. [[Charles Darwin]] established evolution as a viable theory by articulating its driving force: [[natural selection]]. [[Genetic drift]] was embraced as an additional mechanism in the so-called [[modern synthesis]]. The evolutionary history of a [[species]]&mdash;which tells the characteristics of the various species from which it descended&mdash;together with its genealogical relationship to every other species is called its [[phylogeny]]. == वर्गीकरण == The classification of living things is called [[systematics]], or [[taxonomy]], and should reflect the evolutionary trees ([[phylogenetic tree]]s) of the different organisms. Taxonomy piles up organisms in groups called [[taxa]], while systematics seeks their relationships. The dominant system is called [[Linnaean taxonomy]], which includes ranks and [[binomial nomenclature]]. How organisms are named is governed by international agreements such as the [[International Code of Botanical Nomenclature]] (ICBN), the [[International Code of Zoological Nomenclature]] (ICZN), and the [[International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria]] (ICNB). A fourth Draft BioCode was published in 1997 in an attempt to standardize naming in the three areas, but it does not appear to have yet been formally adopted. The [[International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature]] (ICVCN) remains outside the BioCode. Traditionally, living things were divided into five kingdoms: :[[Monera]] -- [[Protist]]a -- [[Fungi]] -- [[Plantae]] -- [[Animalia]] However, this five-kingdom system is now considered by many to be outdated. More modern alternatives generally begin with the [[three-domain system]]: :[[Archaea]] (originally Archaebacteria) -- [[Bacteria]] (originally Eubacteria) -- [[Eukaryota]] These domains reflect whether cells have nuclei or not as well as differences in cell exteriors. There is also a series of intracellular "[[parasite]]s" that are progressively less alive in terms of being [[metabolism|metabolically]] active: :[[virus (biology)|Viruses]] -- [[Viroid]]s -- [[Prion]]s ==अन्य विषया:== * [[Eukaryote]] * [[Origin of life]] * [[Morphology]] * [[Environment]] * [[Ecosystem]] * [[Biologist]] * [[Physician]] * [[Unsolved problems in biology]] * [[List of conservation topics]] [[Category:Biology]] [[af:Biologie]] [[als:Biologie]] [[an:Biolochía]] [[ar:علم الأحياء]] [[ast:Bioloxía]] [[bar:Biologie]] [[bat-smg:Bioluogėj]] [[be:Біялёгія]] [[bg:Биология]] [[bn:জীববিজ্ঞান]] [[br:Bevoniezh]] [[bs:Biologija]] [[ca:Biologia]] [[co:Biologia]] [[cs:Biologie]] [[csb:Biologijô]] [[cv:Биологи]] [[cy:Bioleg]] [[da:Biologi]] [[de:Biologie]] [[dv:ދިރުމާބެހޭ އިލްމު]] [[el:Βιολογία]] [[en:Biology]] [[eo:Biologio]] [[es:Biología]] [[et:Bioloogia]] [[eu:Biologia]] [[fa:زیست‌شناسی]] [[fi:Biologia]] [[fo:Lívfrøði]] [[fr:Biologie]] [[frp:Biologia]] [[fur:Biologjie]] [[fy:Biology]] [[ga:Bitheolaíocht]] [[gd:Bith-eòlas]] [[gl:Bioloxía]] [[gv:Bea-oaylleeaght]] [[he:ביולוגיה]] [[hi:जीव विज्ञान]] [[hr:Biologija]] [[hsb:Biologija]] [[ht:Biyoloji]] [[hu:Biológia]] [[ia:Biologia]] [[id:Biologi]] [[ie:Biologie]] [[io:Biologio]] [[is:Líffræði]] [[it:Biologia]] [[iu:ᐆᒪᔅᓱᓯᖃᕐᑐᓕᕆᓂᖅ]] [[ja:生物学]] [[jbo:mivyske]] [[jv:Biologi]] [[ka:ბიოლოგია]] [[km:ជីវវិទ្យា]] [[kn:ಜೀವಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ]] [[ko:생물학]] [[kw:Bywonieth]] [[ky:Биология]] [[la:Biologica]] [[lad:Biolojiya]] [[lb:Biologie]] [[li:Biologie]] [[lt:Biologija]] [[lv:Bioloģija]] [[mk:Биологија]] [[mn:Биологи]] [[ms:Biologi]] [[nah:Yolizmatiliztli]] [[nap:Biologgia]] [[nds:Biologie]] [[nds-nl:Biologie]] [[ne:जीवशास्त्र]] [[nl:Biologie]] [[nn:Biologi]] [[no:Biologi]] [[nov:Biologia]] [[oc:Biologia]] [[os:Биологи]] [[pam:Biologia]] [[pih:Biiolojie]] [[pl:Biologia]] [[ps:ژواکپېژندنه]] [[pt:Biologia]] [[qu:Kawsayyachay]] [[ro:Biologie]] [[ru:Биология]] [[sc:Biologia]] [[scn:Bioluggìa]] [[sco:Biologie]] [[sh:Biologija]] [[simple:Biology]] [[sk:Biológia]] [[sl:Biologija]] [[sq:Biologjia]] [[sr:Биологија]] [[su:Biologi]] [[sv:Biologi]] [[sw:Biolojia]] [[ta:உயிரியல்]] [[th:ชีววิทยา]] [[tl:Biyolohiya]] [[tr:Biyoloji]] [[tt:Biologí]] [[ug:بىئولوگىيە]] [[uk:Біологія]] [[ur:حیاتیات]] [[vec:Biołogia]] [[vi:Sinh học]] [[vo:Lifav]] [[war:Biyolohiya]] [[zh:生物学]] [[zh-min-nan:Seng-bu̍t-ha̍k]] [[zh-yue:生物學]] 909 12613 2006-12-12T10:29:31Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: az, bat-smg, bug, fo, fur, fy, gd, gv, kn, ku, lmo, ln, my, nap, nds-nl, ps, sco, st, su, ug, vec, zh-yue Modifying: vi '''भौतिकी''' प्रकृति शास्त्र अस्ति. विशिष्‍टं ज्ञानं क्रमबद्घज्ञानं वा विज्ञानं मन्‍यते. ==समीक्षा== ====तर्क:==== === इतिहास: === [[भौतिकी इतिहास:]] === सम्‍बद्घ विषया: === *[[ज्योतिषं]] *[[खगोल शास्त्रं]] [[af:Fisika]] [[als:Physik]] [[an:Fesica]] [[ar:فيزياء]] [[ast:Física]] [[az:Fizika]] [[bat-smg:Fizėka]] [[be:Фізыка]] [[bg:Физика]] [[bn:পদার্থবিদ্যা]] [[br:Fizik]] [[bs:Fizika]] [[bug:Fisika]] [[ca:Física]] [[co:Fisica]] [[cs:Fyzika]] [[csb:Fizyka]] [[cv:Физика]] [[cy:Ffiseg]] [[da:Fysik]] [[de:Physik]] [[el:Φυσική]] [[en:Physics]] [[eo:Fiziko]] [[es:Física]] [[et:Füüsika]] [[eu:Fisika]] [[fa:فیزیک]] [[fi:Fysiikka]] [[fo:Alisfrøði]] [[fr:Physique]] [[fur:Fisiche]] [[fy:Natuerkunde]] [[ga:Fisic]] [[gd:Eòlas-nàdair]] [[gl:Física]] [[gu:ભૌતિક શાસ્ત્ર]] [[gv:Fishag]] [[he:פיזיקה]] [[hi:भौतिकी]] [[hr:Fizika]] [[hu:Fizika]] [[ia:Physica]] [[id:Fisika]] [[ie:Fisica]] [[io:Fiziko]] [[is:Eðlisfræði]] [[it:Fisica]] [[iu:ᐆᒫᑦᓱᓕᕆᓂᖅ]] [[ja:物理学]] [[ka:ფიზიკა]] [[kn:ಭೌತಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ]] [[ko:물리학]] [[ku:Fizîk]] [[la:Physica]] [[lad:Fisika]] [[lb:Physik]] [[li:Natuurkónde]] [[lmo:Física]] [[ln:Fízíkí]] [[lt:Fizika]] [[lv:Fizika]] [[mk:Физика]] [[ms:Fizik]] [[my:ရူပဗေဒ]] [[nap:Físeca]] [[nds:Physik]] [[nds-nl:Netuurkunde]] [[nl:Natuurkunde]] [[nn:Fysikk]] [[no:Fysikk]] [[oc:Fisica]] [[pl:Fizyka]] [[ps:فزيک]] [[pt:Física]] [[ro:Fizică]] [[ru:Физика]] [[sc:Fìsica]] [[scn:Fìsica]] [[sco:Naitural philosophy]] [[simple:Physics]] [[sk:Fyzika]] [[sl:Fizika]] [[sq:Fizika]] [[sr:Физика]] [[st:Fisiksi]] [[su:Fisika]] [[sv:Fysik]] [[sw:Fizikia]] [[ta:இயற்பியல்]] [[th:ฟิสิกส์]] [[tl:Pisika]] [[tr:Fizik]] [[tt:Fizik]] [[ug:فىزىكا]] [[uk:Фізика]] [[vec:Fìxica]] [[vi:Vật lý học]] [[vo:Füsüd]] [[xh:IFiziki]] [[zh:物理学]] [[zh-min-nan:Bu̍t-lí-ha̍k]] [[zh-yue:物理]] 910 12778 2006-12-17T18:06:50Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[frp:Afganistan]] '''अफगानस्थान''' पाकस्ताने उत्तर-पश्चिमे, एशिया-मध्ये अस्ति. एतद् प्राचीन-राष्ट्र:| तस्य संदर्भं वेदे मिलति| * राजधानी - [[काबुल]] * भाषा - [[पश्‍तो]] [[af:Afghanistan]] [[als:Afghanistan]] [[an:Afganistán]] [[ar:أفغانستان]] [[ast:Afganistán]] [[az:Əfqanıstan]] [[bg:Афганистан]] [[bn:আফগানিস্তান]] [[br:Afghanistan]] [[bs:Afganistan]] [[ca:Afganistan]] [[cs:Afghánistán]] [[cv:Афганистан]] [[cy:Afghanistan]] [[da:Afghanistan]] [[de:Afghanistan]] [[dv:އައްފާނިސްތާން]] [[el:Αφγανιστάν]] [[en:Afghanistan]] [[eo:Afganio]] [[es:Afganistán]] [[et:Afganistan]] [[eu:Afganistan]] [[fa:افغانستان]] [[fi:Afganistan]] [[fr:Afghanistan]] [[frp:Afganistan]] [[fur:Afghanistan]] [[fy:Afganistan]] [[ga:An Afganastáin]] [[gd:Afghanistan]] [[gl:Afganistán - افغانستان]] [[gu:અફઘાનિસ્તાન]] [[he:אפגניסטן]] [[hi:अफ़्ग़ानिस्तान]] [[hr:Afganistan]] [[ht:Afganistan]] [[hu:Afganisztán]] [[hy:Աֆղանստան]] [[ia:Afghanistan]] [[id:Afganistan]] [[ilo:Afganistan]] [[io:Afganistan]] [[is:Afganistan]] [[it:Afghanistan]] [[ja:アフガニスタン]] [[ka:ავღანეთი]] [[km:អាហ្វហ្គានីស្តង់]] [[kn:ಅಫ್ಘಾನಿಸ್ತಾನ]] [[ko:아프가니스탄]] [[ku:Efxanistan]] [[kw:Afghanistan]] [[la:Afgania]] [[lb:Afghanistan]] [[li:Afganistan]] [[lt:Afganistanas]] [[lv:Afganistāna]] [[mk:Авганистан]] [[ml:അഫ്ഗാനിസ്ഥാന്‍]] [[mo:Афганистан]] [[ms:Afghanistan]] [[na:Afganistan]] [[nds:Afghanistan]] [[nl:Afghanistan]] [[nn:Afghanistan]] [[no:Afghanistan]] [[oc:Afganistan]] [[os:Афгъанистан]] [[pam:Afghanistan]] [[pl:Afganistan]] [[ps:افغانستان]] [[pt:Afeganistão]] [[ro:Afganistan]] [[ru:Афганистан]] [[scn:Afganistàn]] [[se:Afghanistan]] [[sh:Afganistan]] [[simple:Afghanistan]] [[sk:Afganistan]] [[sl:Afganistan]] [[sq:Afganistani]] [[sr:Авганистан]] [[sv:Afghanistan]] [[sw:Afghanistan]] [[ta:ஆப்கானிஸ்தான்]] [[tet:Afeganistaun]] [[tg:Афғонистон]] [[th:ประเทศอัฟกานิสถาน]] [[tk:Owganystan]] [[tl:Afghanistan]] [[tr:Afganistan]] [[udm:Афганистан]] [[ug:ئافغانىستان]] [[uk:Афганістан]] [[uz:Afg`oniston]] [[vi:Afghanistan]] [[vo:Lafganistän]] [[zh:阿富汗]] [[zh-min-nan:Afghanistan]] 911 13062 2006-12-22T13:51:12Z 213.100.205.133 /* बाह्‍य */ '''अल्बानिया''' यूरोप-महाद्वीपे दक्षिण-पूर्वे अस्ति. ===बाह्‍य=== * [http://www.albaniantourism.com/ National Tourism Organization] Albania's official website for travel & tourism information. *[http://www.look-for-albania.com/ Look-for-albania.com guide, forum & info] *[http://www.geocities.com/protoillyrian Albanian Etymological Dictionary] *[http://195.22.199.151 Albanian phone directory] *[http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/al.html CIA - The World Factbook -- Albania] - [[CIA]]'s Factbook on Albania *[http://www.albanian.com/community/index.php General information on Albanians] *[http://www.gksoft.com/govt/en/al.html More links of the Albanian government] *[http://www.opic.gov/links/countryInfo.asp?country=Albania&region=euro OPIC Guide on Albania] *[http://www.travelconsumer.com/countries/albania.htm Travel guide to Albania] [[af:Albanië]] [[als:Albanien]] [[an:Albania]] [[ang:Albania]] [[ar:ألبانيا]] [[arc:ܐܠܒܢܝܐ]] [[ast:Albania]] [[be:Альбанія]] [[bg:Албания]] [[bn:আলবেনিয়া]] [[br:Albania]] [[bs:Albanija]] [[ca:Albània]] [[chr:ᎠᎸᏇᏂᏯ]] [[cs:Albánie]] [[cy:Albania]] [[da:Albanien]] [[de:Albanien]] [[el:Αλβανία]] [[en:Albania]] [[eo:Albanio]] [[es:Albania]] [[et:Albaania]] [[eu:Albania]] [[fa:آلبانی]] [[fi:Albania]] [[fiu-vro:Albaania]] [[fo:Albania]] [[fr:Albanie]] [[fur:Albanie]] [[fy:Albaanje]] [[ga:An Albáin]] [[gd:Albàinia]] [[gl:Albania - Shqipëria]] [[he:אלבניה]] [[hi:अल्बानिया]] [[hr:Albanija]] [[ht:Albani]] [[hu:Albánia]] [[hy:Ալբանիա]] [[ia:Albania]] [[id:Albania]] [[ilo:Albania]] [[io:Albania]] [[is:Albanía]] [[it:Albania]] [[ja:アルバニア]] [[ka:ალბანეთი]] [[km:អាល់បានី]] [[ko:알바니아]] [[ku:Elbanya]] [[kw:Albani]] [[la:Albania]] [[lb:Albanien]] [[li:Albanië]] [[lt:Albanija]] [[lv:Albānija]] [[mg:Albania]] [[mk:Албанија]] [[ms:Albania]] [[mt:Albanija]] [[na:Albania]] [[nds:Albanien]] [[ne:अल्बानिया]] [[nl:Albanië]] [[nn:Albania]] [[no:Albania]] [[nov:Albania]] [[oc:Albania]] [[pam:Albania]] [[pdc:Albaani]] [[pl:Albania]] [[ps:البانيا]] [[pt:Albânia]] [[qu:Albaniya]] [[rmy:Shkiperiya]] [[ro:Albania]] [[roa-rup:Arbinishia]] [[ru:Албания]] [[ru-sib:Албания]] [[scn:Albanìa]] [[se:Albánia]] [[simple:Albania]] [[sk:Albánsko]] [[sl:Albanija]] [[sq:Shqipëria]] [[sr:Албанија]] [[sv:Albanien]] [[th:ประเทศแอลเบเนีย]] [[tl:Albanya]] [[tr:Arnavutluk]] [[udm:Албания]] [[ug:ئالبانىيە]] [[uk:Албанія]] [[vi:Albania]] [[vo:Lalbanän]] [[zh:阿尔巴尼亚]] [[zh-min-nan:Shqipëria]] [[zh-yue:阿爾巴尼亞]] 912 6152 2004-09-30T02:30:49Z 65.0.100.100 '''सर्बिया''' यूरोप-महाद्वीपे दक्षिण-पूर्वे अस्ति. राजधानी - [[बेलग्रेड]] जनसंख्‍या - १२ मिलियन *[[बास्‍निया]] *[[इस्‍लाम]] [[en:Serbia]] 913 12812 2006-12-17T21:43:19Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[frp:Croacie]], [[hsb:Chorwatska]] Modifying: [[bg:Хърватия]] '''क्रोएशिया''' यूरोप-महाद्वीपे दक्षिण-पूर्वे अस्ति. == External links == * [http://www.hr/hrvatska/general.en.shtml General information about Croatia] * [http://www.croatia.hr/home/Default.aspx Croatian National Tourist Board] * [http://www.world-gazetteer.com/s/p_hr.htm Map of Croatia showing cities] * [http://www.hr/darko/etf/popis.html#lati Outstanding Croats] * [http://www.calle.com/world/HR/ Maps & Weather] * [http://www.fivestars.hr/photo_gallery/croatian_coast_ivo_pervan/ Picture Gallery] * [http://www.posta.hr/default_e.asp Post & Stamps] * [http://www.mythinglinks.org/euro~east~Balkans~Croatia.html Culture Links] * [http://www.showcaves.com/english/hr/index.html Speleology] * [http://imenik.ht.hr/ Telephone] * [http://www.hr/hrvatska/language/ Language] * [http://www.romwell.com/travel/advisory/europe/croatia/crocastles.shtml Castles] * [http://www.banknotes.com/hr.htm Money] * [http://www.national-anthems.net/web/find.webpage?from=real&what=croatia&id=HR Anthem] * [http://www.kroatiehrvatska.com Croatia] [[af:Kroasië]] [[als:Kroatien]] [[an:Croazia]] [[ar:كرواتيا]] [[arc:ܟܪܘܬܝܐ]] [[ast:Croacia]] [[az:Xorvatiya]] [[be:Харватыя]] [[bg:Хърватия]] [[bn:ক্রোয়েশিয়া]] [[br:Kroatia]] [[bs:Hrvatska]] [[ca:Croàcia]] [[cs:Chorvatsko]] [[cy:Croatia]] [[da:Kroatien]] [[de:Kroatien]] [[el:Κροατία]] [[en:Croatia]] [[eo:Kroatio]] [[es:Croacia]] [[et:Horvaatia]] [[eu:Kroazia]] [[fa:کرواسی]] [[fi:Kroatia]] [[fiu-vro:Horvaatia]] [[fr:Croatie]] [[frp:Croacie]] [[fur:Cravuazie]] [[fy:Kroaasje]] [[gl:Croacia - Hrvatska]] [[he:קרואטיה]] [[hi:क्रोएशिया]] [[hr:Hrvatska]] [[hsb:Chorwatska]] [[hu:Horvátország]] [[ia:Croatia]] [[id:Kroasia]] [[ilo:Croatia]] [[io:Kroatia]] [[is:Króatía]] [[it:Croazia]] [[ja:クロアチア]] [[ka:ხორვატია]] [[ko:크로아티아]] [[ku:Xirvatistan]] [[kw:Kroati]] [[ky:Хорватия]] [[la:Croatia]] [[lb:Kroatien]] [[li:Kroatië]] [[lt:Kroatija]] [[lv:Horvātija]] [[mk:Хрватска]] [[mt:Kroazja]] [[na:Croatia]] [[nds:Kroatien]] [[ne:क्रोएसिया]] [[nl:Kroatië]] [[nn:Kroatia]] [[no:Kroatia]] [[oc:Croàcia]] [[pam:Croatia]] [[pl:Chorwacja]] [[pms:Croassia]] [[ps:کروآسيا]] [[pt:Croácia]] [[ro:Croaţia]] [[roa-rup:Croatia]] [[ru:Хорватия]] [[scn:Croazzia]] [[se:Kroátia]] [[sh:Hrvatska]] [[simple:Croatia]] [[sk:Chorvátsko]] [[sl:Hrvaška]] [[sq:Kroacia]] [[sr:Хрватска]] [[sv:Kroatien]] [[tg:Хорватия]] [[th:ประเทศโครเอเชีย]] [[tl:Croatia]] [[tr:Hırvatistan]] [[ug:كرودىيە]] [[uk:Хорватія]] [[vi:Croatia]] [[war:Croacia]] [[zh:克罗地亚]] [[zh-min-nan:Hrvatska]] [[zh-yue:克羅地亞]] 914 6154 2004-10-05T22:50:10Z 130.39.222.122 '''स्लोवीनिया''' यूरोप-महाद्वीपे दक्षिण-पूर्वे अस्ति. == External links == * [http://www.sigov.si/ The Government] * [http://www.matkurja.com/eng/ Matkurja] - a general internet site on Slovenia * [http://www.najdi.si/ Najdi.si] - another general internet site * [http://www.matkurja.com/eng/country-info/ A guide to Virtual Slovenia] * [http://www.ijs.si/ The Jo&#382;ef Stefan Institute's] - resources on Slovenia * [http://www.lj-oz.sik.si/sk-ang/ Public Libraries] * [http://www.uni-lj.si/ University of Ljubljana] * [http://www.uni-mb.si/ University of Maribor] *[http://www.stat.si/eng/ Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia] *[http://www.bsi.si/html/eng/ Bank of Slovenia] **[http://www.bsi.si/html/eng/financial_data/index.html Financial data for Slovenia] *[http://www.slovenia-tourism.si/ Slovenia tourism homepage] [[en:Slovenia]] 915 6155 2004-10-03T14:22:06Z 65.0.107.166 '''ग्रीस (यूनान)''' यूरोप-महाद्वीपे दक्षिण-पूर्वे अस्ति. *राजधानी - [[एथेंस]] *भाषा - [[यूनानी]] == External links == *[http://www.justgreece.org Greece travel guide] *[http://www.aroundgreece.com Around Greece Travel Guide] - Online Travel Guide for Greece and the Greek Islands, full of useful information for visitors. *[http://www.hri.org HR-Net (Hellenic Resources Network)] is a comprehensive, non-commercial web site covering Greek news, radio links, Greek language instruction and an [http://www.hri.org/nodes/greece.html enormous categorized list] of sites related to Greece. [[en:Greece]] 916 12799 2006-12-17T20:47:18Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[av:Азарбижан]], [[frp:Azèrbayidj·an]] '''अजर्बैजान''' एशियामहाद्वीपे मध्ये अस्ति. एतद् नामस्य अथर्वेन संबद्घिता. == External links and references== * Much of the material in these articles comes from the [[CIA World Factbook]] 2000 [http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/aj.html] and the 2003 U.S. Department of State website. *[http://www.bakutoday.net Baku Today] *[http://www.azeri.com/goscomstat/ State Statistical Committee of the Azerbaijan Republic] *[http://www.whitepages.top.az/html/ Who is Who in Azerbaijan] *[http://www.un-az.org United Nations Office in Azerbaijan] with a [http://www.un-az.org/couinf.htm country report] *[http://www.loc.gov/rr/international/amed/azerbaijan/azerbaijan.html Library of Congress Portals on the World - Azerbaijan] [[af:Azerbeidjan]] [[an:Azerbayán]] [[ar:أذربيجان]] [[arc:ܐܕܪܒܝܓܢ]] [[ast:Azerbaiyán]] [[av:Азарбижан]] [[az:Azərbaycan Respublikası]] [[be:Азэрбайджан]] [[bg:Азербайджан]] [[bn:আজারবাইজান]] [[br:Azerbaidjan]] [[bs:Azerbejdžan]] [[ca:Azerbaidjan]] [[cs:Ázerbájdžán]] [[cv:Азербайджан]] [[cy:Azerbaijan]] [[da:Aserbajdsjan]] [[de:Aserbaidschan]] [[el:Αζερμπαϊτζάν]] [[en:Azerbaijan]] [[eo:Azerbajĝano]] [[es:Azerbaiyán]] [[et:Aserbaidžaan]] [[eu:Azerbaijan]] [[fa:جمهوری آذربایجان]] [[fi:Azerbaidžan]] [[fr:Azerbaïdjan]] [[frp:Azèrbayidj·an]] [[fy:Azerbeidzjan]] [[ga:An Asarbaiseáin (tír)]] [[gl:Acerbaixán - Azərbaycan]] [[he:אזרבייג'ן]] [[hi:अस़रबैजान]] [[hr:Azerbejdžan]] [[hu:Azerbajdzsán]] [[hy:Ադրբեջան]] [[ia:Azerbaidzhan]] [[id:Azerbaijan]] [[ilo:Azerbaijan]] [[io:Azerbaijan]] [[is:Aserbaídsjan]] [[it:Azerbaijan]] [[ja:アゼルバイジャン]] [[ka:აზერბაიჯანი]] [[kk:Әзірбайжан]] [[ko:아제르바이잔]] [[ku:Azerbeycan]] [[kw:Aserbayjan]] [[la:Adrabigania]] [[lb:Aserbaidschan]] [[li:Azerbaidzjan]] [[lt:Azerbaidžanas]] [[lv:Azerbaidžāna]] [[mk:Азербејџан]] [[ms:Azerbaijan]] [[na:Azerbaijan]] [[nds:Aserbaidschan]] [[nl:Azerbeidzjan]] [[nn:Aserbajdsjan]] [[no:Aserbajdsjan]] [[oc:Azerbaitjan]] [[os:Азербайджан]] [[pam:Azerbaijan]] [[pl:Azerbejdżan]] [[ps:آذربايجان]] [[pt:Azerbaijão]] [[qu:Asirwayan]] [[ro:Azerbaidjan]] [[ru:Азербайджан]] [[scn:Azzirbaiggian]] [[sh:Azerbejdžan]] [[simple:Azerbaijan]] [[sk:Azerbajdžan]] [[sl:Azerbajdžan]] [[sq:Azerbajxhani]] [[sr:Азербејџан]] [[sv:Azerbajdzjan]] [[tg:Озарбойҷон]] [[th:ประเทศอาเซอร์ไบจาน]] [[tl:Azerbaijan]] [[tr:Azerbaycan]] [[tt:Äzärbaycan]] [[udm:Азербайджан]] [[ug:ئازەربەيجان]] [[uk:Азербайджан]] [[ur:آذربا‏ئیجان]] [[vi:Azerbaijan]] [[yi:אַזערבײַדזשאַן]] [[zh:阿塞拜疆]] [[zh-min-nan:Azerbaijan]] 917 10667 2006-06-27T20:20:36Z Eukesh 157 /* धारणा: */ '''मानवविज्ञानं''' मानवशास्त्रं अस्ति. मानवशास्त्रेन चतुर् क्षेत्रा: सन्ति- ==इतिहास:== ==धारणा:== *[[उपनिवेशवाद]] *[[संस्कृति]] *[[जातियता]] *[[Exchange]] and [[Reciprocity]] *[[परिवार]] ==क्षेत्रा:== **[[Medical anthropology]] **[[Psychological anthropology]] **[[Political anthropology]] **[[Anthropology of religion]] **[[Archaeology]] ==नामावली== * [[List of anthropologists]] Alimony स्त्री पुरुष विभेद समये यो धनस्‍य न्‍यायांशो भार्य्यायै दीयते. [[af:Antropologie]] [[an:Antropolochía]] [[ast:Antropoloxía]] [[bg:Антропология]] [[ca:Antropologia]] [[co:Antropologia]] [[da:Antropologi]] [[de:Anthropologie]] [[el:Ανθρωπολογία]] [[en:Anthropology]] [[eo:Antropologio]] [[es:Antropología]] [[et:Antropoloogia]] [[fa:مردم‌شناسی]] [[fi:Antropologia]] [[fr:Anthropologie]] [[fy:Antropology]] [[gl:Antropoloxía]] [[hi:मानव शास्त्र]] [[it:Antropologia]] [[ja:人類学]] [[ko:인류학]] [[ku:Antropolojî]] [[lt:Antropologija]] [[ms:Antropologi]] [[nl:Antropologie]] [[no:Antropologi]] [[pl:Antropologia]] [[pt:Antropologia]] [[ro:Antropologie]] [[ru:Антропология]] [[scn:Antropoluggia]] [[simple:Anthropology]] [[sl:Antropologija]] [[sv:Antropologi]] [[tr:Antropoloji]] [[uk:Антропологія]] [[zh:人类学]] 918 11335 2006-09-28T05:40:30Z DaGizza 117 rv '''विज्ञानइतिहास:''' *[[गणित-इतिहास:]] *[[आयुर्विज्ञान-इतिहास:]] *[[भौतिकी-इतिहास:]] *[[जीवविज्ञान-इतिहास:]] [[eo:Historio de Scienco kaj Teknologio]] [[it:Storia della Scienza e della Tecnica]] [[sl:Zgodovina znanosti in tehnologije]] [[zh:&#33258;&#28982;&#31185;&#23398;&#21490;]] {{stub}} 919 11367 2006-10-07T04:56:28Z Eukesh 157 '''सनातन धर्मस्य (वैदिक धर्म, हिन्दु धर्म)''' आरम्भं [[वेद:]] मन्यते । वेदोऽखिलोधर्ममूलम् । चतुर् वेदा: - * [[ऋग्वेद:]] * [[यजुर्वेद:]] * [[सामवेद:]] * [[अथर्ववेद:]] अन्य ग्रन्थ: - * [[ब्राह्मणग्रन्थ:]] * [[आरण्यक:]] * [[उपनिषद्]] * [[सूत्र]] * [[पुराण:]] * [[भगवद्गीता]] * [[महाभारत]] * [[रामायण]] *[[देवा:]] {{हिन्दू धर्म}} 920 12653 2006-12-13T18:14:36Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: be, cv, cy, fa, hi, ka, kg, km, kw, pam, ps, ru-sib, tet, tg, th, ug Modifying: bn, uk '''अंगोला''' अफ्रीका महाद्वीपे स्‍थित:. *राजधानी- [[लुवांडा]] *आधिकारिक भाषा - [[पुर्तगाली]] ==External links== * [http://www.loc.gov/rr/international/amed/angola/angola.html Library of Congress Portals on the World - Angola] * [http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ao.html CIA - The World Factbook -- Angola] - [[CIA]]'s Factbook on Angola {{stub}} [[af:Angola]] [[am:አንጎላ]] [[an:Angola]] [[ar:أنغولا]] [[ast:Angola]] [[be:Анґола]] [[bg:Ангола]] [[bn:অ্যাঙ্গোলা]] [[bs:Angola]] [[ca:Angola]] [[cs:Angola]] [[cv:Ангола]] [[cy:Angola]] [[da:Angola]] [[de:Angola]] [[el:Αγκόλα]] [[en:Angola]] [[eo:Angolo]] [[es:Angola]] [[et:Angola]] [[eu:Angola]] [[fa:آنگولا]] [[fi:Angola]] [[fr:Angola]] [[gd:Angola]] [[gl:Angola]] [[he:אנגולה]] [[hi:अंगोला]] [[hr:Angola]] [[ht:Angola]] [[hu:Angola]] [[ia:Angola]] [[id:Angola]] [[io:Angola]] [[is:Angóla]] [[it:Angola]] [[ja:アンゴラ]] [[jv:Angola]] [[ka:ანგოლა]] [[kg:Angola]] [[km:អាង់កូឡា]] [[ko:앙골라]] [[ku:Angola]] [[kw:Angola]] [[la:Angolia]] [[lb:Angola]] [[li:Angola]] [[lt:Angola]] [[lv:Angola]] [[mg:Angola]] [[mk:Ангола]] [[ms:Angola]] [[na:Angola]] [[nds:Angola]] [[nl:Angola]] [[nn:Angola]] [[no:Angola]] [[oc:Angòla]] [[pam:Angola]] [[pl:Angola]] [[ps:آنګولا]] [[pt:Angola]] [[ro:Angola]] [[ru:Ангола]] [[ru-sib:Ангола]] [[scn:Angola]] [[se:Angola]] [[sh:Angola]] [[simple:Angola]] [[sk:Angola]] [[sl:Angola]] [[sq:Angola]] [[sr:Ангола]] [[sv:Angola]] [[tet:Angola]] [[tg:Ангола]] [[th:ประเทศแองโกลา]] [[tl:Angola]] [[tr:Angola]] [[ug:ئانگولا]] [[uk:Анґола]] [[vi:Angola]] [[zh:安哥拉]] [[zh-min-nan:Angola]] 922 13007 2006-12-19T03:22:48Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[frp:Ôtrich·e]] '''आस्ट्रिया''' यूरोप-महाद्वीपे मध्ये अस्ति. *राजधानी - [[वियेना]] *भाषा - [[जर्मन]] ===बाह्‍य=== * [http://www.bundeskanzleramt.at/ Website of the Federal Chancellery of Austria (German, English)] * [http://www.austria-tourism.at/ "Alltag raus, Österreich rein"] Official homepage of the Austrian National Tourist Office (German, English and other languages) * [http://www.aeiou.at/ Aeiou - Austrian cultural information system of the Federal Ministry for Education, Science and Culture] * [http://www.loc.gov/rr/international/european/austria/au.html Library of Congress Portals on the World - Austria] * [http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/au.html CIA's Factbook on Austria] * [http://radio.orf.at/ ORF - Austria Radio stations (live feed)] * [http://www.freeworldmaps.net/europe/austria/map.html Map of Austria] [[af:Oostenryk]] [[als:Österreich]] [[am:ኦስትሪያ]] [[an:Austria]] [[ang:Ēastrīce]] [[ar:نمسا]] [[arc:ܢܡܣܐ]] [[ast:Austria]] [[bar:Östareich]] [[be:Аўстрыя]] [[bg:Австрия]] [[bn:অস্ট্রিয়া]] [[br:Aostria]] [[bs:Austrija]] [[ca:Àustria]] [[cs:Rakousko]] [[cy:Awstria]] [[da:Østrig]] [[de:Österreich]] [[el:Αυστρία]] [[en:Austria]] [[eo:Aŭstrio]] [[es:Austria]] [[et:Austria]] [[eu:Austria]] [[fa:اتریش]] [[fi:Itävalta]] [[fiu-vro:Austria]] [[fo:Eysturríki]] [[fr:Autriche]] [[frp:Ôtrich·e]] [[fur:Austrie]] [[fy:Eastenryk]] [[ga:An Ostair]] [[gd:An Ostair]] [[gl:Austria - Österreich]] [[gu:ઑસ્ટ્રિયા]] [[he:אוסטריה]] [[hi:ऑस्ट्रिया]] [[hr:Austrija]] [[hsb:Rakuska]] [[hu:Ausztria]] [[hy:Ավստրիա]] [[ia:Austria]] [[id:Austria]] [[ilo:Austria]] [[io:Austria]] [[is:Austurríki]] [[it:Austria]] [[ja:オーストリア]] [[ka:ავსტრია]] [[kk:Аустрия]] [[km:អូត្រីហ្ស]] [[ko:오스트리아]] [[ku:Avûstûrya]] [[kw:Estrych]] [[la:Austria]] [[lb:Éisträich]] [[li:Oesteriek]] [[lt:Austrija]] [[lv:Austrija]] [[mk:Австрија]] [[mo:Аустрия]] [[ms:Austria]] [[mt:Awstrija]] [[na:Austria]] [[nds:Öösterriek]] [[nds-nl:Oostnriek]] [[ne:अष्ट्रीया]] [[nl:Oostenrijk]] [[nn:Austerrike]] [[no:Østerrike]] [[nrm:Autriche]] [[oc:Àustria]] [[os:Австри]] [[pam:Austria]] [[pdc:Eestereich]] [[pl:Austria]] [[ps:اطريش]] [[pt:Áustria]] [[rm:Austria]] [[ro:Austria]] [[roa-rup:Austria]] [[ru:Австрия]] [[scn:Austria]] [[sco:Austrik]] [[se:Nuortariika]] [[sh:Austrija]] [[simple:Austria]] [[sk:Rakúsko]] [[sl:Avstrija]] [[sq:Austria]] [[sr:Аустрија]] [[sv:Österrike]] [[sw:Austria]] [[ta:ஆஸ்திரியா]] [[tet:Áustria]] [[th:ประเทศออสเตรีย]] [[tl:Austria]] [[tr:Avusturya]] [[udm:Австрия]] [[ug:ئاۋسترىيە]] [[uk:Австрія]] [[ur:آسٹریا]] [[vec:Austria]] [[vi:Áo]] [[yi:עסטרייך]] [[zh:奥地利]] [[zh-min-nan:Tang-kok]] 924 6163 2004-09-30T23:04:07Z 65.0.124.99 [[en:Ireland]] '''आयर्लैंड''' यूरोप-महाद्वीपे पश्चिमे अस्ति. The island of Ireland, named Hibernia by the Romans, is 485km (301 miles) from North to South and 275km (171 miles) from East to West. Central lowlands are framed by hillier areas. The River Shannon, which runs from North-East to South-West, is the longest river, and there are a large number of lakes, of which Lough Neagh is the largest. The island's lush vegetation earns it the sobriquet "Emerald Isle." For more detailed information see: Geography of Ireland. *राजधानी - [[डबलिन]] *भाषा - [[आयरिश]], [[इङ्गलिश]] 925 12903 2006-12-18T20:29:07Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[frp:Islande]], [[hsb:Islandska]] '''आइसलैंड''' यूरोप-महाद्वीपे पश्चिमे एक: लघु द्वीप: राष्‍ट्र च अस्ति. ===बाह्‍य=== *[http://www.iceland.org/ Official gateway to Iceland and the Icelandic Foreign Service.] *[http://www.iceland.is/ Another official gateway to Iceland.] *[http://www.althingi.is/vefur/upplens.html Alþingi's website in English] *[http://www.government.is The governments website in English] *[http://www.izlandi.hu/ www.Izlandi.hu Hungarian] *[http://www.icetrade.is/english/default.htm The Trade Council of Iceland] *[http://www.vegagerdin.is/vefur2.nsf/pages/english.html Travel information from the Public Roads Administration] *[http://www.islenska.de Íslenska, a magazine in German about Iceland] *[http://www.islandsmyndir.is Picture gallery from www.islandsmyndir.is] [[af:Ysland]] [[als:Island]] [[am:አይስላንድ]] [[an:Islandia]] [[ang:Īsland]] [[ar:آيسلندا]] [[ast:Islandia]] [[az:İslandiya]] [[bar:Ísland]] [[be:Ісьляндыя]] [[bg:Исландия]] [[bn:আইসল্যান্ড]] [[br:Island]] [[bs:Island]] [[ca:Islàndia]] [[cs:Island]] [[cv:Исланди]] [[cy:Gwlad yr Iâ]] [[da:Island]] [[de:Island]] [[dv:އައިސްލަންޑަން]] [[el:Ισλανδία]] [[en:Iceland]] [[eo:Islando]] [[es:Islandia]] [[et:Island]] [[eu:Islandia]] [[fa:ایسلند]] [[fi:Islanti]] [[fiu-vro:Island']] [[fo:Ísland]] [[fr:Islande]] [[frp:Islande]] [[fy:Yslân]] [[ga:An Íoslainn]] [[gd:Innis Tile]] [[gl:Islandia - Ísland]] [[gu:આઇસલૅન્ડ]] [[he:איסלנד]] [[hi:आइसलैंड]] [[hr:Island]] [[hsb:Islandska]] [[hu:Izland]] [[hy:Իսլանդիա]] [[id:Islandia]] [[ilo:Icelandia]] [[io:Islando]] [[is:Ísland]] [[it:Islanda]] [[ja:アイスランド]] [[ka:ისლანდია]] [[kk:Исландия]] [[ko:아이슬란드]] [[ku:Îslanda]] [[kw:Island]] [[la:Islandia]] [[lb:Island]] [[lg:Isilandi]] [[li:Iesland]] [[lmo:Islànda]] [[lt:Islandija]] [[lv:Islande]] [[mk:Исланд]] [[ms:Iceland]] [[na:Iceland]] [[nds:Iesland]] [[nds-nl:Ieslaand]] [[ne:आइसल्याण्ड]] [[nl:IJsland]] [[nn:Island]] [[no:Island]] [[oc:Islàndia]] [[pam:Iceland]] [[pl:Islandia]] [[pms:Islanda]] [[ps:آيسلېنډ]] [[pt:Islândia]] [[qu:Islandiya]] [[ro:Islanda]] [[ru:Исландия]] [[sc:Islanda]] [[scn:Islandia]] [[se:Islánda]] [[sg:Islande]] [[sh:Island]] [[simple:Iceland]] [[sl:Islandija]] [[sq:Islanda]] [[sr:Исланд]] [[sv:Island]] [[sw:Iceland]] [[ta:ஐஸ்லாந்து]] [[tg:Исландия]] [[th:ประเทศไอซ์แลนด์]] [[tl:Iceland]] [[tpi:Aislan]] [[tr:İzlanda]] [[ug:ئىسلاندىيە]] [[uk:Ісландія]] [[ur:آئس لینڈ]] [[vi:Iceland]] [[yi:איסלאנד]] [[zh:冰岛]] [[zh-min-nan:Peng-tē]] [[zh-yue:冰島]] 926 12796 2006-12-17T20:35:12Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[frp:Armènie]] '''आर्मीनिया''' एशिया-महाद्वीपे पश्चिमे अस्ति. *राजधानी - [[येरेवान]] *भाषा - [[आर्मीनियन]] ===बाह्‍य=== *[http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/am.html CIA - The World Factbook -- Armenia] {{stub}} [[af:Armenië]] [[an:Armenia]] [[ar:أرمينيا]] [[arc:ܐܪܡܝܢܝܐ]] [[ast:Armenia]] [[az:Ermənistan]] [[be:Армэнія]] [[bg:Армения]] [[bn:আর্মেনিয়া]] [[bs:Armenija]] [[ca:Armènia]] [[cs:Arménie]] [[cu:Арменї]] [[cv:Эрмени]] [[cy:Armenia]] [[da:Armenien]] [[de:Armenien]] [[el:Αρμενία]] [[en:Armenia]] [[eo:Armenio]] [[es:Armenia]] [[et:Armeenia]] [[eu:Armenia]] [[fa:ارمنستان]] [[fi:Armenia]] [[fr:Arménie]] [[frp:Armènie]] [[fy:Armeenje]] [[ga:An Airméin]] [[gl:Armenia - Հայաստան]] [[he:ארמניה]] [[hi:आर्मीनिया]] [[hr:Armenija]] [[hu:Örményország]] [[hy:Հայաստան]] [[ia:Armenia]] [[id:Armenia]] [[ilo:Armenia]] [[io:Armenia]] [[is:Armenía]] [[it:Armenia]] [[ja:アルメニア]] [[ka:სომხეთი]] [[kk:Әрменстан]] [[km:អារមីនៀ]] [[ko:아르메니아]] [[ku:Ermenistan]] [[kw:Armeni]] [[la:Armenia]] [[lb:Armenien]] [[li:Armenië]] [[lt:Armėnija]] [[lv:Armēnija]] [[mk:Ерменија]] [[mo:Армения]] [[ms:Armenia]] [[na:Armenia]] [[nds:Armenien]] [[nl:Armenië]] [[nn:Armenia]] [[no:Armenia]] [[oc:Armenia]] [[pam:Armenia]] [[pl:Armenia]] [[ps:ارمنستان]] [[pt:Arménia]] [[qu:Arminya]] [[ro:Armenia]] [[ru:Армения]] [[scn:Armenia]] [[sh:Jermenija]] [[simple:Armenia]] [[sk:Arménsko]] [[sl:Armenija]] [[sq:Armenia]] [[sr:Јерменија]] [[sv:Armenien]] [[tg:Арманистон]] [[th:ประเทศอาร์เมเนีย]] [[tl:Armenia]] [[tr:Ermenistan]] [[uk:Вірменія]] [[ur:آرمینیا]] [[uz:Armaniston]] [[vi:Armenia]] [[yi:אַרמעניע]] [[zh:亞美尼亞]] [[zh-min-nan:Hayastan]] 927 6166 2004-10-24T00:10:55Z 68.159.17.126 '''कृषिशास्त्रं''' शब्दा: अधस्तात्‌ प्रदत्ता:. कृषि:, कर्षक: कृषक: == भूमिका == == पर्यावरण: == * [[Nitrogen]] surplus in [[river]]s and [[lake]]s. ==सम्‍बद्घ विषया:== * [[Agricultural science]] ==जालगवाक्षा:== * [[FAO of The UN]]'s [[World Agricultural Information Centre]] : [http://www.fao.org http://www.fao.org] * [http://www.fao.org/waicent/portal/statistics_en.asp FAO of The UN Statistical Databases] * [http://www.dmoz.org/Science/Environment/Agriculture/ Agriculture Directory] [[bg:&#1047;&#1077;&#1084;&#1077;&#1076;&#1077;&#1083;&#1080;&#1077;]] [[cs:Zem%C4%9Bd%C4%9Blstv%C3%AD]] [[cy:Amaeth]] [[da:Landbrug]] [[de:Landwirtschaft]][[en:Agriculture]] [[es:Agricultura]] [[fi:Maataloustiede]] [[fr:Agriculture]] [[fy:Lânbou]] [[gl:Agricultura]] [[ja:&#36786;&#26989;]] [[nah:Agricultura]] [[nl:Landbouw]] [[no:Landbruk]] [[nds:Landwertschap]] [[pl:Rolnictwo]] [[pt:Agricultura]] [[ro:Agricultur&#259;]] [[simple:Agriculture]] [[ta:&#2997;&#3007;&#2997;&#2970;&#3006;&#2991;&#2990;&#3021;]] [[zh-cn:&#20892;&#19994;]] [[zh-tw:&#36786;&#26989;]] 929 12985 2006-12-19T00:36:55Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[frp:Roumanie]] {{notsanskrit}} '''रोमानिया''' (formerly spelled '''Rumania''' or '''Roumania''') is a country in southeastern [[Europe]]. Romania is bordered by [[Ukraine]] and [[Moldova]] in the northeast, [[Hungary]] and [[Serbia and Montenegro|Serbia]] in the west and [[Bulgaria]] to the south. Romania also has a small sea coast on the [[Black Sea]]. <table style="margin:0 0 1em 1em" border=1 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 align=right width="270px"> <caption><font size="+1">'''România'''</font></caption> <tr><td style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2> <table border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0> <tr><td align=center width="130px">[[Image:Flag of Romania.svg|125px|Flag of Romania]] <td align=center width="130px">[[Image:Coa_romania.png|Romanian Coat of Arms]]</tr> <tr><td align=center width="130px">([[Flag of Romania|In Detail]]) <td align=center width="130px">(Full size)</tr> </table> <tr><td align=center colspan=2 style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;"><font size="-1">''National [[motto]]: none''</font> <tr><td align=center colspan=2>[[image:LocationRomania.png|Location of Romania]] <tr><td>[[Official language]]<td>[[Romanian language|Romanian]] <tr><td>[[Capital]]<td>[[Bucharest]] <tr><td>[[President of Romania|President]]<td>[[Traian Băsescu]] <tr><td>[[Prime Minister of Romania|Prime Minister]]<td>[[Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu]] <tr><td>[[Area]]<br/>&nbsp;- Total <br/>&nbsp;- % water<td>[[List of countries by area|Ranked 78th]] <br/>[[1 E11 m²|238,391 km²]] <br/> 3.0% <tr><td>[[Population]]<br/>&nbsp;- Total ([[2002]])<br/>&nbsp;- [[Density]]<td>[[List of countries by population|Ranked 49th]]<br/> 21,698,181 <br/> 91.3/km&sup2; <tr><td>[[Independence]]<td>[[May 9]], [[1877]] <tr><td>[[Currency]]<td>[[Romanian leu|Leu]] <tr><td>[[Time zone]]<td>[[UTC]] +2/[[Daylight saving time|+3]] <tr><td>[[National anthem]]<td>[[Desteapta-te, Romane!|De&#351;teapt&#259;-te, Române!]] <tr><td>[[Top-level domain|Internet TLD]]<td>.RO <tr><td>[[List_of_country_calling_codes|Calling Code]]<td>40 </table> ==Name== The name ''Romania'' comes from ''[[Rome]]'' or the (Eastern) ''[[Roman Empire]]'' and represents the country's origins. Some Greek intellectuals have argued that the [[Middle Ages|medieval]] [[Byzantine Empire]] should more properly be called Romania, but this has not caught on. == History == ''Main article: [[History of Romania]]'' The [[Dacians]] were defeated by the [[Roman Empire]] in [[106]], which marked the beginning of a succession of invasions of Romania, although the rulers usually allowed a high degree of autonomy. In the [[Middle Ages]] Romanians lived in three distinct principalities: [[Wallachia]], [[Moldavia]] and [[Transylvania]]. The first two were under the influence of the [[Ottoman Empire]], but with internal autonomy, the third at first belonged to [[Hungary]], also having a large autonomy, then to [[Austria-Hungary]]. The modern Romania was born when the principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia merged in [[1859]], and became independent in [[1877]]. The country was expanded after [[World War I]], when Transylvania, [[Bucovina]] and [[Bassarabia]] were included. Parts of Romania were incorporated by the [[Soviet Union]] in [[1940]], mostly comprising the present-day country of [[Moldova]] with small portions assigned to [[Ukraine]]. After the [[Second World War]], Romania became a [[communism|communist]] nation under pressure of the Soviet Union. The decades-long reign of president [[Nicolae Ceausescu|Nicolae Ceau&#351;escu]] was ended with an uprising in late [[1989]], although ex-communists continue to be present in the democratically elected government. ''See also:'' [[Kings of Romania]] == Politics == ''Main article: [[Politics of Romania]]'' The legislative branch of the Romanian government consists of two chambers, the ''Senat'' ([[Senate]]), which has 140 members, and the ''Camera Deputa&#355;ilor'' ([[Chamber of Deputies]]), which has 345 members. The members of both chambers are chosen in elections held every four years. The [[Presidents of Romania|president]], the head of the executive branch, is also elected by popular vote, every five years (until 2004 - four years). The president appoints a [[Prime ministers of Romania|prime minister]], who will head the council of ministers, who are in turn appointed by the prime minister. == Counties == <div style="float:right; margin:0em 0em 0.5em 0.5em;">[[Image:Romania-administrative.png|Administrative map of Romania]] <div style="font-size:85%; font-style:italic;">Administrative map of Romania | [[Media:Romania-administrative-large.png|full-size version]]</div></div> ''Main article: [[Counties of Romania]]'' Romania is divided into 41 ''jude&#355;e'', or [[county|counties]], and the municipality of [[Bucharest]] (''Bucure&#351;ti'') - the capital. The counties are (in alphabetical order): <TABLE> <TR><TD> *[[Alba (county)|Alba]] *[[Arad (county)|Arad]] *[[Arges (county)|Arge&#351;]] *[[Bacau (county)|Bac&#259;u]] *[[Bihor]] *[[Bistrita-Nasaud|Bistri&#355;a-N&#259;s&#259;ud]] *[[Botosani (county)|Boto&#351;ani]] *[[Brasov (county)|Bra&#351;ov]] *[[Braila (county)|Br&#259;ila]] *[[Buzau (county)|Buz&#259;u]] *[[Caras-Severin|Cara&#351;-Severin]] *[[Calarasi (county)|C&#259;l&#259;ra&#351;i]] *[[Cluj]] *[[Constanta (county)|Constan&#355;a]] *[[Covasna (county)|Covasna]] *[[Dambovita|Dâmbovi&#355;a]] *[[Dolj]] *[[Galati (county)|Gala&#355;i]] *[[Giurgiu (county)|Giurgiu]] *[[Gorj]] *[[Harghita]] </TD><TD> *[[Hunedoara (county)|Hunedoara]] *[[Ialomita|Ialomi&#355;a]] *[[Iasi (county)|Ia&#351;i]] *[[Ilfov]] *[[Maramures|Maramure&#351;]] *[[Mehedinti|Mehedin&#355;i]] *[[Mures|Mure&#351;]] *[[Neamt|Neam&#355;]] *[[Olt]] *[[Prahova]] *[[Satu Mare (county)|Satu Mare]] *[[Salaj|S&#259;laj]] *[[Sibiu (county)|Sibiu]] *[[Suceava (county)|Suceava]] *[[Teleorman]] *[[Timis|Timi&#351;]] *[[Tulcea (county)|Tulcea]] *[[Vaslui (county)|Vaslui]] *[[Valcea|Vâlcea]] *[[Vrancea]] <br/> </TD></TR> </TABLE> == Geography == [[Image:Ro-map.png|right|Map of Romania with cities]] ''Main article: [[Geography of Romania]]'' A large part of Romania's borders with Yugoslavia and Bulgaria is formed by the [[Danube]]. The Danube is joined by the [[Prut River]], which forms the border with [[Moldova]]. The [[Carpathian Mountains]] dominate the western part of Romania, with peaks up to 2,500 m, the highest, ''Moldoveanu'', reaching 2,544 m. Major cities are the capital [[Bucharest]], [[Brasov|Bra&#351;ov]], [[Timisoara|Timi&#351;oara]], [[Cluj-Napoca]], [[Constanta|Constan&#355;a]], [[Craiova]], and [[Iasi|Ia&#351;i]] (Jassy). ''See also:'' * [[List of Romanian Cities]] * [[Rivers of Romania]] * [[Lakes of Romania]] == Economy == ''Main article: [[Economy of Romania]]'' After the collapse of the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] Bloc in [[1989]]-[[1991|91]], Romania was left with an obsolete industrial base and a pattern of industrial capacity wholly unsuited to its needs. In February [[1997]], Romania embarked on a comprehensive macroeconomic stabilisation and structural reform programme, but reform subsequently has been a frustrating stop-and-go process. Restructuring programs include liquidating large energy-intensive industries and major [[agriculture|agricultural]] and [[finance|financial]] sector reforms. In [[1999]] Romania's economy contracted for a third straight year - by an estimated 4%. Romania reached an agreement with the [[IMF]] in August for a [[US dollar|US $]]547 million loan, but release of the second tranche was postponed in October because of unresolved private sector lending requirements and differences over budgetary spending. Bucharest avoided defaulting on mid-year lump-sum debt payments, but had to significantly draw down reserves to do so; reserves rebounded to an estimated $1.5 billion by year end 1999. The government's priorities include: obtaining renewed IMF lending, tightening fiscal policy, accelerating [[privatisation]], and restructuring unprofitable firms. [[2002]] and [[2003]] were successful economic years, and currently GDP growth is forecast at 4.5% per annum. The economy grew by 6.1% in the first quarter of 2004. The average gross wage per month in Romania is 8,292,762 lei [[as of April 2004]], an increase of a significant 7.8% over the previous month. This equates to US$246.90, 203.41 euro and 352.56 [[Australian dollar|AUD]]. The average net salary per month in [[January]] [[2004]] was 5,969,555 lei. Unemployment in Romania is at 7.3%, which is fairly low compared to other European countries. Romania was invited by the [[European Union]] in December 1999 to begin accession negotiations. It is expected to join the EU in [[2007]] along with [[Bulgaria]]. == Demographics == ''Main article: [[Demographics of Romania]]'' The official language is [[Romanian language|Romanian]], a [[Latin]] language member of the Romance group of the [[Italic]] subfamily of the [[Indo-European]] family of languages, which are also called Romanic, and are spoken by about 670 million people in many parts of the world, but mainly in Europe and the Western Hemisphere. Romania is the only [[Eastern Bloc]] country where a [[Romance language]] is dominant ([[Greece]], [[Serbia]], and [[Bulgaria]] have small isolated pockets which are gradually being assimilated into the respective national ethnic majority). Sizeable minorities of [[Hungary|Hungarian]] (according to the 2002 census, 6.6% of the population) and [[Germany|German]] descent, mostly in Transylvania, also speak [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] and [[German language|German]]. Other ethnic groups include [[Roma and Sinti|Roma]] gypsies and natives of Romania's neighbouring countries. The true size of the Roma population is unknown because it is undercounted in national censuses (for various reasons, some gypsies choose to declare themselves as Romanians or Hungarians; usually the criterion is the language they speak). There is also small [[Polish minority in Romania|Polish minority]] (numbering over ten thousand people) living in [[Suceava (county)|Suceava County]]. Most Romanians are members of the [[Romanian Orthodox Church]], which is one of the churches of [[Eastern Orthodox Christianity]]. [[Catholicism]] (both [[Roman Catholic]] and [[Romanian Catholic Church|Romanian Catholic]]) and [[Protestantism]] are also represented, mostly in the areas inhabited by population of Hungarian descent, mostly in the western part of the country. In Dobrogea, the region lying on the shore of the Black Sea, there is a small [[Muslim]] minority, a remnant of the [[Ottoman]] colonization of that province in the past. == Culture == ''Main article: [[Culture of Romania]]'' ''See also:'' * [[List of Romanians]] * [[Romanian poets]] * [[Music of Romania]] * [[Literature of Romania]] * [[Art of Romania]] == Miscellaneous topics == * [[Communications in Romania]] * [[Transportation in Romania]] * [[Military of Romania]] * [[Foreign relations of Romania]] * [[List of Romania-related topics]] * [[Holidays in Romania]] == External links == *[http://www.gov.ro/engleza/index.html Official site of the Romanian government] *[http://www.presidency.ro/?lang=en Presidency of Romania] *[http://www.senat.ro The Romanian Senate] *[http://www.cdep.ro/pls/dic/site.page?id=103&idl=2 Camera Deputa&#0355;ilor] (lower house of Parliament) *[http://www.mtromania.ro/ Tourism Ministry] *[http://numismondo.com/pm/rom/ Romania Banknotes] *[http://wikitravel.org/en/article/Romania Romania travel guide at Wikitravel] {{EU_countries_and_candidates}} {{NATO}} {{Europe}} [[Category:European countries]] [[Category:Romania]] [[af:Roemenië]] [[als:Rumänien]] [[am:ሮማንያ]] [[an:Rumanía]] [[ar:رومانيا]] [[arc:ܪܘܡܢܝܐ]] [[ast:Rumanía]] [[be:Румынія]] [[bg:Румъния]] [[bn:রোমানিয়া]] [[bs:Rumunija]] [[ca:Romania]] [[chr:ᎶᎹᏂᏯ]] [[cs:Rumunsko]] [[cy:Rwmania]] [[da:Rumænien]] [[de:Rumänien]] [[el:Ρουμανία]] [[en:Romania]] [[eo:Rumanio]] [[es:Rumania]] [[et:Rumeenia]] [[eu:Errumania]] [[fa:رومانی]] [[fi:Romania]] [[fiu-vro:Romaania]] [[fr:Roumanie]] [[frp:Roumanie]] [[fy:Roemeenje]] [[ga:An Rómáin]] [[gd:Romàinia]] [[gl:Romanía - România]] [[he:רומניה]] [[hi:रोमानिया]] [[hr:Rumunjska]] [[ht:Woumani]] [[hu:Románia]] [[hy:Ռումինիա]] [[ia:Romania]] [[id:Rumania]] [[io:Rumania]] [[is:Rúmenía]] [[it:Romania]] [[ja:ルーマニア]] [[jbo:romanis]] [[ka:რუმინეთი]] [[ko:루마니아]] [[ks:रोमानिया]] [[ku:Romanya]] [[kw:Roumani]] [[la:Romania]] [[lad:Rumania]] [[lb:Rumänien]] [[li:Roemenië]] [[lt:Rumunija]] [[lv:Rumānija]] [[mk:Романија]] [[mo:Ромыния]] [[ms:Romania]] [[mt:Rumanija]] [[na:Romania]] [[nds:Rumänien]] [[nds-nl:Roemenië]] [[ne:रोमानिया]] [[nl:Roemenië]] [[nn:Romania]] [[no:Romania]] [[oc:Romania]] [[pam:Romania]] [[pl:Rumunia]] [[pms:Romanìa]] [[pt:Roménia]] [[qu:Rumaniya]] [[rm:Rumenia]] [[rmy:Rumuniya]] [[ro:România]] [[roa-rup:Romãnia]] [[ru:Румыния]] [[scn:Rumanìa]] [[sh:Rumunija]] [[simple:Romania]] [[sk:Rumunsko]] [[sl:Romunija]] [[sq:Rumania]] [[sr:Румунија]] [[sv:Rumänien]] [[sw:Romania]] [[ta:ருமேனியா]] [[tet:Roménia]] [[tg:Руминия]] [[th:ประเทศโรมาเนีย]] [[tl:Romania]] [[tr:Romanya]] [[ug:رومىنىيە]] [[uk:Румунія]] [[vi:Romania]] [[vo:Rumän]] [[wa:Roumaneye]] [[yi:ראמעניע]] [[zh:羅馬尼亞]] [[zh-min-nan:Lô-má-nî-a]] 930 12125 2006-11-30T04:02:37Z सहाय 223 /* रसायनं इतिहास: */ '''रसायनशास्त्रं''' is the [[science]] of the structure, properties, composition, and [[reactions]] of [[chemical element]]s and [[compounds]]. Chemistry typically is divided into several main branches. There are also several main cross-disciplinary and more specialized branches of chemistry. ==रसायनं इतिहास:== *[[Discovery of the chemical elements]] <center><table WIDTH="80%"> <tr align="CENTER"> <td>[[turma systematis periodici|'''Turma'''&nbsp;&rarr;]]</td> <td>[[metalla alkalica|'''I/1''']]</td> <td>[[metalla alkalica terrena|'''II/2''']]</td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>7</td> <td>8</td> <td>9</td> <td>10</td> <td>11</td> <td>12</td> <td>'''III/13'''</td> <td>'''IV/14'''</td> <td>'''V/15'''</td> <td>[[Chalcogenica|'''VI/16''']]</td> <td>[[Halogenica|'''VII/17''']]</td> <td>[[Gasa nobilia|'''VIII/18''']]</td> </tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td>[[tabella periodica|&darr;&nbsp;'''Periodus''']]</td> <td colspan=19></td> </tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td>[[Periodi 1 elementa|'''1''']]</td> <td bgcolor="#a0ffa0"><font color="green">1</font><br>[[Hydrogenium|H]]</td> <td colspan=16></td> <td bgcolor="#c0ffff"><font color="green">2</font><br>[[Helium|He]]</td> </tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td>[[Periodi 2 elementa|'''2''']]</td> <td bgcolor="#FF6666">3<br>[[Lithium|Li]]</td> <td bgcolor="#FFDEAD">4<br>[[Beryllium|Be]]</td> <td colspan=10></td> <td bgcolor="#cccc99">5<br>[[Bor|B]]</td> <td bgcolor="#a0ffa0">6<br>[[Carbonium|C]]</td> <td bgcolor="#a0ffa0"><font color="green">7</font><br>[[Nitrogenium|N]]</td> <td bgcolor="#a0ffa0"><font color="green">8</font><br>[[Oxygenium|O]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffff99"><font color="green">9</font><br>[[Fluor|F]]</td> <td bgcolor="#c0ffff"><font color="green">10</font><br>[[Neon|Ne]]</td> </tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td>[[Periodi 3 elementa|'''3''']]</td> <td bgcolor="#FF6666">11<br>[[Natrium|Na]]</td> <td bgcolor="#FFDEAD">12<br>[[Magnesium|Mg]]</td> <td colspan=10></td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc">13<br>[[Aluminium|Al]]</td> <td bgcolor="#cccc99">14<br>[[Silicium|Si]]</td> <td bgcolor="#a0ffa0">15<br>[[Phosphorus|P]]</td> <td bgcolor="#a0ffa0">16<br>[[Sulphur|S]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffff99"><font color="green">17</font><br>[[Chlorum|Cl]]</td> <td bgcolor="#c0ffff"><font color="green">18</font><br>[[Argon|Ar]]</td> </tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td>[[Periodi 4 elementa|'''4''']]</td> <td bgcolor="#FF6666">19<br>[[Kalium|K]]</td> <td bgcolor="#FFDEAD">20<br>[[Calcium|Ca]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">21<br>[[Scandium|Sc]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">22<br>[[Titanium|Ti]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">23<br>[[Vanadium|V]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">24<br>[[Chromium|Cr]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">25<br>[[Manganum|Mn]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">26<br>[[Ferrum|Fe]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">27<br>[[Cobaltum|Co]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">28<br>[[Niccolum|Ni]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">29<br>[[Cuprum|Cu]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">30<br>[[Zincum|Zn]]</td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc">31<br>[[Gallium|Ga]]</td> <td bgcolor="#cccc99">32<br>[[Germanium|Ge]]</td> <td bgcolor="#cccc99">33<br>[[Arsenicum|As]]</td> <td bgcolor="#a0ffa0">34<br>[[Selenium|Se]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffff99"><font color="blue">35</font><br>[[Bromum|Br]]</td> <td bgcolor="#c0ffff"><font color="green">36</font><br>[[Krypton|Kr]]</td> </tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td>[[Periodi 5 elementa|'''5''']]</td> <td bgcolor="#FF6666">37<br>[[Rubidium|Rb]]</td> <td bgcolor="#FFDEAD">38<br>[[Strontium|Sr]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">39<br>[[Yttrium|Y]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">40<br>[[Zirconium|Zr]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">41<br>[[Niobium|Nb]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">42<br>[[Molybdenum|Mo]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><font color="red">43</font><br>[[Technetium|Tc]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">44<br>[[Ruthenium|Ru]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">45<br>[[Rhodium|Rh]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">46<br>[[Palladium|Pd]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">47<br>[[Argentum|Ag]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">48<br>[[Cadmium|Cd]]</td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc">49<br>[[Indium|In]]</td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc">50<br>[[Stannum|Sn]]</td> <td bgcolor="#cccc99">51<br>[[Stibium|Sb]]</td> <td bgcolor="#cccc99">52<br>[[Tellurium|Te]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffff99">53<br>[[Iodium|I]]</td> <td bgcolor="#c0ffff"><font color="green">54</font><br>[[Xenon|Xe]]</td> </tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td>[[Periodi 6 elementa|'''6''']]</td> <td bgcolor="#FF6666">55<br>[[Caesium|Cs]]</td> <td bgcolor="#FFDEAD">56<br>[[Barium|Ba]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff"><font size="-3">57-71</font></td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">72<br>[[Hafnium|Hf]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">73<br>[[Tantalum|Ta]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">74<br>[[Wolframium|W]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">75<br>[[Rhenium|Re]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">76<br>[[Osmium|Os]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">77<br>[[Iridium|Ir]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">78<br>[[Platinum|Pt]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">79<br>[[Aurum|Au]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><font color="blue">80</font><br>[[Hydrargentum|Hg]]</td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc">81<br>[[Thallium|Tl]]</td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc">82<br>[[Plumbum|Pb]]</td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc">83<br>[[Bismuthum|Bi]]</td> <td bgcolor="#cccc99">84<br>[[Polonium|Po]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffff99">85<br>[[Astatinum|At]]</td> <td bgcolor="#c0ffff"><font color="green">86</font><br>[[Radon|Rn]]</td> </tr> <tr ALIGN=CENTER> <td>[[Periodi 7 elementa|'''7''']]</td> <td bgcolor="#FF6666">87<br>&nbsp;[[Francium|Fr]]&nbsp;</td> <td bgcolor="#FFDEAD">88<br>[[Radium|Ra]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc"><font size="-3">89-103</font></td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><font color="red">104</font><br>[[Rutherfordium|Rf]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><font color="red">105</font><br>[[Dubnium|Db]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><font color="red">106</font><br>[[Seaborgium|Sg]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><font color="red">107</font><br>[[Bohrium|Bh]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><font color="red">108</font><br>[[Hassium|Hs]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><font color="red">109</font><br>[[Meitnerium|Mt]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><font color="red">110</font><br>[[Darmstadtium|Ds]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><font color="red">111</font><br>[[Roentgenium|Rg]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><font color="red">112</font><br>[[Ununbium|Uub]]</td> <td bgcolor="#eceaec"><font color="#cccccc">113<br>[[Ununtrium|Uut]]</font></td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc"><font color="red">114</font><br>[[Ununquadium|Uuq]]</td> <td bgcolor="#eceaec"><font color="#cccccc">115<br>[[Ununpentium|Uup]]</font></td> <td bgcolor="#eceaec"><font color="#cccccc">116<br>[[Ununhexium|Uuh]]</font></td> <td bgcolor="#fcfecc"><font color="#cccccc">117<br>[[Ununseptium|Uus]]</font></td> <td bgcolor="#c0ffff"><font color="#cccccc">118<br>[[Ununoctium|Uuo]]</font></td> </tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td colspan=20></td> </tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td colspan=3 align="right">'''[[Lanthanida]]'''</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff">57<br>[[Lanthanum|La]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff">58<br>[[Cerium|Ce]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff">59<br>[[Praseodymium|Pr]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff">60<br>[[Neodymium|Nd]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff"><font color="red">61</font><br>[[Promethium|Pm]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff">62<br>[[Samarium|Sm]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff">63<br>[[Europium|Eu]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff">64<br>[[Gadolinium|Gd]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff">65<br>[[Terbium|Tb]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff">66<br>[[Dysprosium|Dy]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff">67<br>[[Holmium|Ho]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff">68<br>[[Erbium|Er]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff">69<br>[[Thulium|Tm]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff">70<br>[[Ytterbium|Yb]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff">71<br>[[Lutetium|Lu]]</td> </tr> <tr ALIGN=CENTER> <td colspan=3 align="right">'''[[Actinida(chemica)|Actinida]]'''</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc">89<br>[[Actinium|Ac]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc">90<br>[[Thorium|Th]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc">91<br>[[Protactinium|Pa]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc">92<br>[[Uranium|U]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc"><font color="red">93</font><br>[[Neptunium|Np]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc"><font color="red">94</font><br>[[Plutonium|Pu]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc"><font color="red">95</font><br>[[Americium|Am]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc"><font color="red">96</font><br>[[Curium|Cm]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc"><font color="red">97</font><br>[[Berkelium|Bk]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc"><font color="red">98</font><br>[[Californium|Cf]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc"><font color="red">99</font><br>[[Einsteinium|Es]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc"><font color="red">100</font><br>[[Fermium|Fm]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc"><font color="red">101</font><br>[[Mendelevium|Md]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc"><font color="red">102</font><br>[[Nobelium|No]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc"><font color="red">103</font><br>[[Lawrencium|Lr]]</td> </tr> </table></center> <table align="center"> <caption>[[seria chemica tabellae periodicae]]</caption> <tr><td bgcolor="#FF6666">[[metalla alkalica]]</td><td bgcolor="#FFDEAD">[[metalla alkalica terrena]]</td><td bgcolor="#ffbfff">[[Lanthanida]]</td><td bgcolor="#ff99cc">[[Actinida(chemicae)|Actinida]]</td><td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">[[metalla transitionis ]]</td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#CCCCCC">[[metallum|metalla alia]]</td><td bgcolor="#CCCC99">[[Metalloida]]e</td><td bgcolor="#a0ffa0">[[Non metalla]]</td><td bgcolor="#ffff99">[[Halogenica]]</td><td bgcolor="#c0ffff">[[gasa nobilia]]</td></tr> </table> [[af:Skeikunde]] [[als:Chimie]] [[ar:&#1603;&#1610;&#1605;&#1610;&#1575;&#1569;&#1615;]] [[bg:&#1061;&#1080;&#1084;&#1080;&#1103;]] [[ca:Qu&#237;mica]] [[co:Chimia]] [[cs:Chemie]] [[cy:Cemeg]] [[da:Kemi]] [[de:Chemie]] [[el:&#935;&#951;&#956;&#949;&#943;&#945;]][[en:Chemistry]] [[eo:Kemio]] [[es:Química]] [[et:Keemia]] [[eu:Kimika]] [[fa:&#1588;&#1740;&#1605;&#1740;]] [[fi:Kemia]] [[fr:Chimie]] [[fy:Skiekunde]] [[ga:Ceimic]] [[gl:Qu&#237;mica]] [[he:&#1499;&#1497;&#1502;&#1497;&#1492;]] [[hi:&#2352;&#2360;&#2366;&#2351;&#2344; &#2358;&#2366;&#2360;&#2381;&#2340;&#2381;&#2352;]] [[hr:Kemija]] [[hu:K&#233;mia]] [[ia:Chimia]] [[id:Kimia]] [[is:Efnafræði]] [[it:Chimica]] [[ja:&#21270;&#23398;]] [[ko:&#54868;&#54617;]] [[la:Chemica]] [[lt:Chemija]] [[lv:Kimija]] [[ms:Kimia]] [[nds:Chemie]] [[nl:Scheikunde]] [[no:Kjemi]] [[oc:Quimia]] [[pl:Chemia]] [[pt:Qu&#237;mica]] [[ro:Chimie]] [[ru:&#1061;&#1080;&#1084;&#1080;&#1103;]] [[sl:Kemija]] [[sr:&#1061;&#1077;&#1084;&#1080;&#1112;&#1072;]] [[sv:Kemi]] [[sw:Kemia]] [[th:&#3623;&#3636;&#3594;&#3634;&#3648;&#3588;&#3617;&#3637;]] [[tr:Kimya]] [[tt:Ximiä]] [[uk:&#1061;&#1110;&#1084;&#1110;&#1103;]] [[vi:Ho%C3%A1 h%E1%BB%8Dc]] [[zh-cn:&#21270;&#23398;]] 935 10856 2006-07-06T01:10:07Z Rshankar13 176 /* प्रमुख-वैज्ञानिका: */ [[en:Computer Science]] '''संगणकशास्त्रं''' संगणकस्‍य परिकल्पना, निर्माणं, एवं भाषाया: शास्त्रं. == विविध विषया: == === सिद्धान्‍त: === == इतिहास: == * [[संगणकशास्त्रं इतिहास:]] == प्रमुख-वैज्ञानिका: == ख़ुर्त ग़ोदेल डोनळ ख़्नुथ ज़ोह्न Vओन णेउमन्न आलन टुरिन्ग [[af:Rekenaarwetenskap]] [[ar:&#1593;&#1604;&#1605; &#1575;&#1604;&#1581;&#1575;&#1587;&#1576;&#1575;&#1578;]] [[bg:&#1048;&#1085;&#1092;&#1086;&#1088;&#1084;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[ca:Inform&#224;tica]] [[cs:Po&#269;&#237;ta&#269;ov&#225; v&#283;da]] [[da:Datalogi]] [[de:Informatik]] [[el:&#928;&#955;&#951;&#961;&#959;&#966;&#959;&#961;&#953;&#954;&#942;]] [[es:Informática/Computación]] [[eo:Komputiko]] [[et:Informaatika]] [[fr:Informatique]] [[fy:Ynformatika]] [[ko:&#52980;&#54504;&#53552; &#44284;&#54617;]] [[hr:Ra&#269;unarstvo]] [[id:Ilmu Komputer]] [[it:Informatica]] [[ia:Informatica]] [[hu:Sz&#225;m&#237;t&#225;stechnika]] [[ml:&#3349;&#3330;&#3370;&#3405;&#3375;&#3393;&#3359;&#3405;&#3359;&#3376;&#3405;&#8205; &#3382;&#3390;&#3384;&#3405;&#3364;&#3405;&#3376;&#3330;]] [[nl:Informatica]] [[ja:&#24773;&#22577;&#24037;&#23398;]] [[no:Informatikk]] [[pl:Informatyka]] [[pt:Ciência da Computação]] [[ro:Informatic&#259;]] [[ru:&#1048;&#1085;&#1092;&#1086;&#1088;&#1084;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[simple:Computer Science]] [[sl:Ra&#269;unalni&#353;tvo]] [[sr:&#1056;&#1072;&#1095;&#1091;&#1085;&#1072;&#1088;&#1089;&#1090;&#1074;&#1086;]] [[sv:Datavetenskap]] [[th:&#3623;&#3636;&#3607;&#3618;&#3634;&#3585;&#3634;&#3619;&#3588;&#3629;&#3617;&#3614;&#3636;&#3623;&#3648;&#3605;&#3629;&#3619;&#3660;]] [[tr:Bilgisayar M&#252;hendisli&#287;i]] [[uk:&#1030;&#1085;&#1092;&#1086;&#1088;&#1084;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;&#1082;&#1072;]] [[zh-cn:&#35745;&#31639;&#26426;&#31185;&#23398;]] [[zh-tw:&#35336;&#31639;&#27231;&#31185;&#23416;]] 936 6175 2004-10-24T00:27:24Z 68.159.17.126 [[en:Radio]] '''रेडियो''' ध्वनि: प्रसारणं अस्ति. ==बाह्य संकेत== * Horzepa, Stan, "''[http://www.arrl.org/news/features/2003/10/10/1/ Surfin': Who Invented Radio]?''". Arrl.org. October 10, 2003. [[ca:Ràdio]] [[da:Radio]] [[de:Radio]] [[eo:Radio]] [[es:Radio (medio de comunicación)]] [[fi:Radio]] [[fr:Radio]] [[ja:&#12521;&#12472;&#12458;]] [[lt:Radijas]] [[nl:Radio]] [[sr:&#1056;&#1072;&#1076;&#1080;&#1086;]] [[sv:Radio]] [[zh:&#26080;&#32447;&#30005;]] 937 6176 2004-10-23T23:39:07Z 68.159.17.126 '''पाकशास्त्रं''' शब्दा: अधस्तात्‌ प्रदत्ता:. *पलान्नम्‌ (बिरियानी) *प्रातराश: == जालगवाक्षा: == *[http://www.gti.net/mocolib1/kid/food1.html इतिहास:] [[en:Cooking]] 939 11345 2006-09-29T20:10:26Z Eukesh 157 '''दूरदर्शन''' लोकप्रियता दिने दिने वर्धति. *[[द सिम्प्सनस्]] ==बाह्य गवाक्षा:== * [http://www.memorabletv.com/ Memorable TV The Television Encyclopedia] * [http://www.tvhistory.tv/ इतिहास:] * [http://www.earlytelevision.org/ Early Television Foundation and Museum] * [http://www.orgsites.com/mn/fwt Federation Without Television] [[en:Television]] 940 13034 2006-12-20T09:22:01Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: el, he, hr, hu, lt, mt, nrm, sh, simple, sk, sl, tl, tr, ug Modifying: fr, sw '''फलज्योतिषं''' फलज्योति:शास्त्रानुरूपं भाविविषयकथक:. ==बाह्य== ===इतिहास:=== *[http://www.vedicastrology.org/ अमेरिकन वैदिक-ज्योतिषं परिषदं] *[http://www.stariq.com Modern Astrology] *[http://www.esoteric.msu.edu/VolumeIV/astrology.htm Astrology: Between Religion and the Empirical] *[http://www.world-of-dawkins.com/Dawkins/Work/Articles/1995-12romance_in_stars.htm The real romance in the stars] - A critical view of astrology by [[Richard Dawkins]]. *[http://www.homewebstreet.com The Chinese Astrology] ===प्रमाणं=== *[http://www.astrology-and-science.com/ Astrology and Science] - A series of articles in which believers and skeptics debate the merits of astrology. *[http://home.wxs.nl/~skepsis/astrot.html The Astrotest] - An account of a test of the predictive power of astrology, with references to other experiments. *[http://www.discord.org/~lippard/kammann.html The True Disbelievers] by Richard Kamann and Marcello Truzzi is a report of alleged internal events at CSICOP regarding their own claimed confirmation of M. Gauquelin's 'Mars Effect' *[http://skepdic.com/astrolgy.html The ''Skeptic's Dictionary'' on astrology] *[http://skepdic.com/mars.html The ''Skeptic's Dictionary'' on the Mars effect] *[http://www.lightlink.com/vic/astrol.html An Astrophysicist's Sympathetic and Critical View of Astrology] - by Victor Mansfield. [[ar:تنجيم]] [[bg:Астрология]] [[ca:Astrologia]] [[cs:Astrologie]] [[da:Astrologi]] [[de:Astrologie]] [[el:Αστρολογία]] [[en:Astrology]] [[eo:Astrologio]] [[es:Astrología]] [[et:Astroloogia]] [[fa:ستاره‌بینی]] [[fi:Astrologia]] [[fr:Astrologie]] [[he:אסטרולוגיה]] [[hr:Astrologija]] [[hu:Asztrológia]] [[ia:Astrologia]] [[id:Astrologi]] [[it:Astrologia]] [[ja:占星術]] [[ko:점성술]] [[lt:Astrologija]] [[mt:Astroloġija]] [[nl:Astrologie]] [[no:Astrologi]] [[nrm:Astrologie]] [[pl:Astrologia]] [[pt:Astrologia]] [[ro:Astrologie]] [[ru:Астрология]] [[sh:Astrologija]] [[simple:Astrology]] [[sk:Astrológia]] [[sl:Astrologija]] [[sr:Астрологија]] [[sv:Astrologi]] [[sw:Unajimu]] [[th:โหราศาสตร์]] [[tl:Astrolohiya]] [[tr:Astroloji]] [[ug:يۇلتۇزلار تەتقىقاتى]] [[zh:占星学]] 942 12675 2006-12-15T07:49:35Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[bat-smg:Internets]] '''आन्तर्जाल'''स्य लोकप्रियता आधुनिक काले दिनंदिने वर्धते ।संस्कृत साहित्ये विश्वबन्धुत्व-भावनायाः या परिकल्पना दृश्यते सा अन्तर्जालेन परिपूर्णं भवति। अनेन माध्यमेन विश्वस्य सर्वे जनाः एकस्मिन् कक्षे एकत्रिताः भवितुं शक्यन्ते। वर्त्तमान समये संस्कृत भाषायामपि कार्यं भवति। यथा--. *[http://www.sanskritseekho.blogspot.com] *[http://www.netamahabhartam.blogspot.com] == बाह्य गवाक्षा: == * [http://www.isoc.org/ The Internet Society (ISOC)] * [http://research.lumeta.com/ches/map/ Internet Mapping Project] * [http://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/ietf/Current/msg18554.html TCP/IP switchover anniversary] * RFC 801, planning the TCP/IP switchover * [http://www.netz-tipp.de/languages.html Web content by language] * [http://www.glreach.com/globstats/index.php3 Access at home, by native language] * [http://www.internetworldstats.com Internet World Usage Statistics] [[af:Internet]] [[am:ድረ ገጽ መረብ]] [[ar:إنترنت]] [[ast:Internet]] [[az:İnternet]] [[bat-smg:Internets]] [[be:Інтэрнэт]] [[bg:Интернет]] [[bn:ইন্টারনেট]] [[br:Internet]] [[bs:Internet]] [[ca:Internet]] [[cs:Internet]] [[csb:Internet]] [[cy:Rhyngrwyd]] [[da:Internet]] [[de:Internet]] [[el:Διαδίκτυο]] [[en:Internet]] [[eo:Interreto]] [[es:Internet]] [[et:Internet]] [[eu:Internet]] [[fa:اینترنت]] [[fi:Internet]] [[fiu-vro:Internet]] [[fo:Alnet]] [[fr:Internet]] [[fur:Internet]] [[fy:Ynternet]] [[ga:Idirlíon]] [[gl:Internet]] [[he:אינטרנט]] [[hi:इंटरनेट]] [[hr:Internet]] [[hu:Internet]] [[hy:Համացանց]] [[ia:Internet]] [[id:Internet]] [[ilo:Internet]] [[is:Internetið]] [[it:Internet]] [[iu:ᖃᕆᓴᐅᔭᒃᑯᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ]] [[ja:インターネット]] [[ka:ინტერნეტი]] [[kn:ಅಂತರ್ಜಾಲ]] [[ko:인터넷]] [[ku:Înternet]] [[ky:Интернет]] [[la:Interrete]] [[lb:Internet]] [[li:Internet]] [[lmo:Internet]] [[lt:Internetas]] [[lv:Internets]] [[mg:Internet]] [[mk:Интернет]] [[ms:Internet]] [[nah:Cemtlālticpamātlatl]] [[nds:Internet]] [[nl:Internet]] [[nn:Internett]] [[no:Internett]] [[nrm:Enternette]] [[os:Интернет]] [[pl:Internet]] [[pt:Internet]] [[rm:Internet]] [[ro:Internet]] [[ru:Интернет]] [[ru-sib:Межугимга]] [[scn:Internet]] [[sh:Internet]] [[simple:Internet]] [[sk:Internet]] [[sl:Internet]] [[so:Internet]] [[sr:Интернет]] [[su:Internét]] [[sv:Internet]] [[sw:Intaneti]] [[ta:இணையம்]] [[th:อินเทอร์เน็ต]] [[tl:Internet]] [[tpi:Intanet]] [[tr:Internet (özel isim)]] [[tt:Päräwez]] [[ug:ئخەلقارالىق تور]] [[uk:Інтернет]] [[ur:شبکہ]] [[uz:Internet]] [[vi:Internet]] [[vls:Internet]] [[vo:Vüresod]] [[wa:Daegntoele]] [[yi:אינטערנעט]] [[zh:因特网]] [[zh-yue:互聯網]] 943 6182 2004-10-23T17:15:56Z 68.155.99.17 '''पर्यटनं''' इदानीं राष्ट्रस्य विकासाय महत्वपूर्णं अस्ति. *[[भ्रमणं]] *[[विहार:]] [[en:Tourism]] 944 12165 2006-12-01T14:08:22Z 194.158.204.133 + belarusian interwiki *[[रामकृष्‍ण परमहंस]] *[[स्वामी विवेकानन्द]] *[[महात्‍मा गान्‍धी]] *[[रवीन्‍द्रनाथ ठाकुर ]] *[[जवाहरलाल नेहरू]] *[[स्वामी अखंडानन्द सरस्वती]] [[ast:Biografía]] [[be:Біяграфія]] [[ca:Biografia]] [[da:Biografi]] [[de:Biografie]] [[en:Biography]] [[es:Biografía]] [[fr:Biographie]] [[gl:Biografía]] [[he:ביוגרפיה]] [[hr:Biografija]] [[id:Biografi]] [[io:Biografio]] [[ja:伝記]] [[ko:전기 (문학)]] [[ms:Biografi]] [[nl:Biografie]] [[no:Biografi]] [[pl:Biografia]] [[sco:Biographies]] [[simple:Biography]] [[sv:Biografi]] [[tr:Biyografi]] [[zh:傳記]] 945 9778 2005-11-25T14:16:44Z 202.134.197.8 /* समाज-शास्‍त्र */ [[en:Lists]] == [[संदर्भ]] == *[[List of topics (scientific method)]] *[[List of unsolved problems]] == मानक == *[[List of standards topics]] (these could easily be cross-referenced under other relevant categories as well) *International Standards === परिमाण === *[[List of size, measurement and conversions topics]] *[[Conversion of units|Unit conversions]] === [[गणित]] === *[[Classification of finite simple groups]] *[[List of integrals]] *[[Truth table]] === [[भौतिकी]] === *[[List of physics topics]] *[[List of equations in classical mechanics]] *[[List of laws in science]] === [[रसायन-शास्त्र]] === *[[List of chemistry topics]] *[[Periodic table]] of the elements **[[List of elements by name]] *[[List of biochemistry topics]] *[[List of biomolecules]] *[[List of stable isotopes]] === [[ज्योतिष]] === *[[List of astronomical topics]] *[[Lists of astronomical objects]] *[[Asteroid]]s *[[राशिचक्र]] *[[नक्षत्र]] === अन्‍तरिक्ष अन्‍वेषण === *[[Unmanned space mission]]s *[[Human spaceflight]] **[[List of human spaceflights chronologically]] **[[List of manned space missions]] === भूशास्‍त्र === *[[List of geology topics]] *[[Geologic timescale]] *[[भूकम्प-सूची]] *[[Fluvial|List of fluvial topics]] *[[List of minerals]] *[[List of oil fields]] *[[List of rocks]] *[[List of tectonic plates]] *[[Timeline of geology]] *[[List of volcanoes]] ==== स्‍थान==== **[[List of aquaria]] **[[List of botanical gardens]] *[[List of walls]] *[[List of waterfalls]] *List of [[World Heritage Sites]] *[[List of volcanoes]] *List of [[oceanic trenche]]s *[[नदी-सूची-प्रमुख]] *[[List of straits]] *[[List of tectonic plates]] *[[List of mountains on Venus]] *[[List of mountains on Mars]] *[[List of mountains on Io]] *[[List of craters on Mars]] ==== नगरा: ==== *[[List of city listings by country]] *[[List of cities that have been the birthplace of a genre of music]] *Capitals **[[List of national capitals]] by name (present and past) **[[List of capitals and larger cities by country]] **[[List of capitals of subnational entities]] *[[List of metropolitan areas by population]] *[[List of the world's most populous cities]] *[[List of towns]] ==== [[देश-सूची]] ==== *[[देशा:]] **[[List of national capitals|by national capital]] **[[List of official languages|by official language]] **[[List of countries by population|by population]] **[[List of countries by population density|by population density]] === [[जीवशास्त्रं]] === *[[List of protective human features]] *[[Theories of the origin of humans]] *[[List of biology topics]] *[[List of vegetables]] *[[Timeline of evolution]] === [[पशु]] === *[[List of ant genera (alphabetical)]] **[[List of myrmecology topics]] *[[List of horse breeds]] ===कृषि-अन्‍न=== ==== भोजान्‍न ==== *[[List of diets]] *[[List of drink topics]] === [[वास्‍तु]] === *[[List of architecture topics]] *[[List of buildings]] *[[List of civil engineering topics]] *[[List of historic civil engineering landmarks]] *[[List of notable Irish buildings]] *[[List of the world's tallest structures]] === [[संगणन]] === *[[List of computing topics]] *[[List of terms relating to algorithms and data structures]] *[[List of important publications in computer science]] *[[List of Internet topics]] *[[List of information technology management topics]] *[[List of technologies]] === परिवहन === *[[List of transport topics]] *[[List of aircraft]] **[[List of aircraft manufacturers]] **[[List of aircraft engines]] **[[List of aircraft engine manufacturers]] **[[List of aircraft weapons]] *[[List of aviation, aerospace and aeronautical terms]] **List of [[suspension bridge]]s *[[List of ship types]] *[[List of sailboat types]] *[[List of ships]] * [[List of convoy codes]] *[[List of fictional ships]] *[[List of spacecraft]] *[[List of transport museums]] === [[आयुर्विज्ञान]] === *[[List of medical topics]] *[[List of health topics]] *[[List of human anatomical features]] **[[List of muscles of the human body]] *[[List of diseases]] **[[List of rare diseases starting with A|List of rare diseases]] (6000+ diseases) **[[List of infectious diseases]] *[[List of genetic disorders]] *[[List of surgical procedures]] *[[List of sex positions]] *[[List of sex-related topics]] ==[[दर्शन]] == *[[List of philosophical topics]] *[[List of ethicists]] *[[List of ethics topics]] *[[List of topics in logic]] === [[आगम]] === *[[List of religious topics]] ---- '''== '''समाज-शास्‍त्र ==समाज सास्त्र को समझाने के लिये भारतीय लेखकों को बिकीपीडिया का साहारा लेकर हिन्दी में इसकी रचना में जुट जाना चाहिये मेरा विद्वानों से आह्वान है, की वे अपने विचारों से पूरे समाज की देखभाली करने का बीड़ा उठायें-->>मोहन सिंह बिष्ट सूचना कुटीर संचालक ग्राम-अमगड़ी,क्यारी,टोटाम.दिनांक २५/११/०५''''''=== [[मनोविज्ञान]] === *[[List of psychological topics]] *[[List of emotions]] *[[List of phobias]] *[[List of psychologists]] *[[List of NLP topics]] ===भाषा: === *[[List of linguistic topics]] *[[List of languages]] **[[Language families and languages]] **[[Table of vowels]] *[[Writing systems]] **[[List of writing systems]] **[[List of alphabets]] *[[List of symbols]] *[[List of words]] *[[List of acronyms and initialisms]] === घटना === *[[List of historical topics]] *General tables *[[List of famous archaeological discoveries]] *[[List of famous archaeological sites]] *List of [[world records in chess]] === शासन, राजनीति === *[[List of governmental topics]] *[[List of legal topics]] ====वायुसेना==== * Lists of aircraft groups * Lists of aircraft squadrons ====सेना==== * [[List of armies|General lists of armies]]: [[List of armies by number|by number]], [[List of armies by name|by name]] * [[List of military corps]]: [[List of military corps by number|by number]], [[List of military corps by name|by name]] ** [[List of military divisions]]: [[List of military divisions by number|by number]], [[List of military divisions by name|by name]] * [[List of Regiments of Foot]] ====युद्ध==== * [[List of guerrilla movements]] * [[List of invasions]] * [[List of military missions, operations, and projects]] * [[List of territorial occupations]] * [[List of terrorist incidents]] * [[List of wars]] ====शस्‍त्रानि==== * List of [[military technology and equipment]] * [[List of missiles]] * List of [[types of swords|swords]] * [[List of tanks]] ===[[कला]]=== *List of [[visual arts and design]] topics *[[List of artworks]] *[[List of most expensive paintings]] === [[साहित्‍य]] === *[[List of literary topics]] *[[List of books]] === [[सङ्‍गीत]] === *[[List of musical topics]] *[[List of musical events]] *[[List of genres of music]] *[[List of musical instruments]] *[[List of musical topics]] === [[चलचित्र]] === *[[List of movie-related topics]] *[[Lists of movie source material]] *[[List of movie series]] *[[List of movie trilogies]] ===[[रेडियो]]=== *[[List of radio stations]] === [[दूरदर्शन]] === *[[List of television topics]] *[[Lists of television channels]] === उत्‍सव === *[[List of festivals]] *[[List of world's fairs]] === क्रीडा === *[[List of sports]] *[[List of sports events]] *[[List of chess openings]] *List of [[world records in chess]] === [[हास्‍य]] === *[[List of humor topics]] [[bg:&#1057;&#1087;&#1080;&#1089;&#1098;&#1082; &#1085;&#1072; &#1089;&#1087;&#1080;&#1089;&#1098;&#1094;&#1080;&#1090;&#1077;]] [[cs:Seznam seznam&#367;]] [[da:Tematiske lister]] [[de:Liste der Referenztabellen]] [[fr:Liste des listes]] [[hr:Popis popisa]] [[ja:&#19968;&#35239;&#12398;&#19968;&#35239;]] [[mr:सूचिया:]] [[nl:Overzichten en lijsten]] [[pl:Tablice]] [[pt:Listas De Listas]] [[ro:Lista listelor]] [[sv:Lista över listor]] [[uk:&#1044;&#1086;&#1074;&#1110;&#1076;&#1082;&#1086;&#1074;&#1110; &#1090;&#1072;&#1073;&#1083;&#1080;&#1094;&#1110; &#1090;&#1072; &#1089;&#1087;&#1080;&#1089;&#1082;&#1080;]] [[zh:&#21442;&#32771;&#30446;&#24405;]] 946 6185 2004-10-24T15:22:56Z 68.159.18.148 '''मनोरञ्जनं''' शब्दा: अधस्तात्‌ प्रदत्ता:. *[[वाद्यम्‌]] *[[दाक्षम्‌]] *[[आस्कन्द:]] *[[जलक्रीडा]] *[[चतुरङ्गम्‌]] ==बाह्य संकेत== * http://dmoz.org/Arts/Entertainment/ * http://directory.google.com/Top/Arts/Entertainment/ [[da:Underholdning]] [[de:Unterhaltung]] [[es:Entretenimiento]] [[fr:Divertissement]] [[hi:&#2350;&#2344;&#2379;&#2352;&#2306;&#2332;&#2344;]] [[he:&#1489;&#1497;&#1491;&#1493;&#1512;]] [[ja:&#12456;&#12531;&#12479;&#12540;&#12486;&#12452;&#12513;&#12531;&#12488;]] [[no:Underholdning]] [[ro:Divertisment]] 947 6186 2004-07-01T20:36:34Z 130.39.222.122 [[en:Forestry]] Forestry is the science and practice of studying and managing forests and their natural resources. Much research and development has been invested in improving varieties of trees for commercial use and in better methods of planting, pest control, thinning, controlled burning, felling, and extraction and of processing timber into usable products. In most countries the timber industry is of major economic importance. The science of managing forests for its many uses is called silviculture. Growing concerns about environmental problems arising from massive deforestation (especially in the rain forests) have recently put forestry and its implications into the spotlight. 948 6187 2004-10-10T20:14:47Z 65.0.96.231 [[en:Materials Science]] '''पदार्थ विज्ञानं''' == Sub-fields of materials science == * [[Nanotechnology]] --- the creation and study of molecularly engineered materials ([[nanomaterials]]) with structures on the length scale of [[nanometers]]. * [[Crystallography]] --- the study of the physics of crystals, including ** [[crystallographic defects|defects in crystals]], such as grain boundaries and dislocations, and their effects on physical properties; ** [[diffraction]] techniques, for [[phase (physics)|phase]] identification. * [[Metallurgy]] --- the study of metals * [[Ceramics]] * [[Biomaterials]] * [[Solid state chemistry|Solid-state chemistry]] --- the study of chemistry taking place within solids * [[Solid-state physics]] --- usually considered the study of quantum effects in solid material, such as [[semiconductor|semiconduction]] or [[superconductor|superconduction]]. * [[Continuum mechanics]] --- the study of solids and fluids, assuming that they are continuous materials (rather than made of atoms). [[fr:Sciences des matériaux]] [[zh:&#26448;&#26009;&#31185;&#23398;]] 949 10985 2006-08-09T13:45:28Z Nityagopal Katare 182 '''पर्यावरणम्‌''' अधुना समस्त विश्‍वस्‍य समस्‍या वर्तते. यज्‍जलं यश्‍च वायु: उपलभ्‍यते, तत्‍सर्वं मलिनं दूषितं च दृश्‍यते. आधुनिका: वैज्ञानिका: आणाविका: प्रयोगा: अपि पर्यावरणस्‍य प्रदूषकान् जायन्‍ते. प्रकृति-दोहनं कृत्वा अस्माभिः पर्यावरण-प्रदूषितं कृतम् । तरुवराः अत्र छिद्यन्ते बहु लताः गृहे विद्यन्ते ,रुक्षाः शुष्काश्च दुर्बलाः कुत्रचिद्दरीदृश्यन्ते ,नद्यः उद्योग मलेन मलिनाः अभवन् ।वायुरपि वाहनानां धूम्रेण प्रदूषितः। आधुनिक ध्वनियन्त्रैः ध्वनिप्रदूषणं संजातम्। 950 6189 2004-09-28T22:33:28Z 65.0.125.231 '''खगोल शास्त्रं''' ===संबद्घ विषया:=== *[[दिक्‌]] *[[काल]] *[[ब्रह्माण्ड]] *[[तत्‍व]] [[en:Cosmology]] 952 13048 2006-12-20T14:53:38Z Thijs!bot 230 robot Adding: [[bo:ཁེ་ནི་ཡ]] '''केन्या''' अफ्रीका महाद्वीपे देश: अस्ति. राजधानी - [[नैरोबी]] ==बाह्य== *[http://www.kenya.go.ke/ केन्या शासन] *[[World Factbook]] [http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ke.html] *[http://www.weebls-stuff.com/toons/29/ Only in Kenya Animation] *[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/3733489.stm Goldenberg scam] [[af:Kenia]] [[am:ኬንያ]] [[an:Kenia]] [[ar:كينيا]] [[ast:Keña]] [[bg:Кения]] [[bn:কেনিয়া]] [[bo:ཁེ་ནི་ཡ]] [[bs:Kenija]] [[ca:Kenya]] [[cs:Keňa]] [[cy:Kenya]] [[da:Kenya]] [[de:Kenia]] [[el:Κένυα]] [[en:Kenya]] [[eo:Kenjo]] [[es:Kenia]] [[et:Kenya]] [[eu:Kenya]] [[fa:کنیا]] [[fi:Kenia]] [[fr:Kenya]] [[frp:Kenia]] [[gd:Ceinia]] [[gl:Quenia - Kenya]] [[he:קניה]] [[hr:Kenija]] [[hu:Kenya]] [[id:Kenya]] [[io:Kenia]] [[is:Kenýa]] [[it:Kenya]] [[ja:ケニア]] [[ka:კენია]] [[ki:Kenya]] [[kn:ಕೀನ್ಯಾ]] [[ko:케냐]] [[ku:Kenya]] [[kw:Kenya]] [[la:Kenia]] [[li:Kenia]] [[lt:Kenija]] [[lv:Kenija]] [[mk:Кенија]] [[ms:Kenya]] [[na:Kenya]] [[nds:Kenia]] [[nl:Kenia]] [[nn:Kenya]] [[no:Kenya]] [[oc:Kenya]] [[pam:Kenya]] [[pl:Kenia]] [[pt:Quénia]] [[ro:Kenya]] [[ru:Кения]] [[sh:Kenija]] [[simple:Kenya]] [[sk:Keňa]] [[sl:Kenija]] [[so:Kenya]] [[sq:Kenia]] [[sr:Кенија]] [[sv:Kenya]] [[sw:Kenya]] [[ta:கென்யா]] [[tg:Кения]] [[th:ประเทศเคนยา]] [[tl:Kenya]] [[tr:Kenya]] [[ug:كېنىيە]] [[uk:Кенія]] [[vi:Kenya]] [[zh:肯尼亚]] [[zh-min-nan:Kenya]] 953 13011 2006-12-19T10:55:12Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[am:ኩዌት ከተማ]] '''कुवैत''' एशिया महाद्वीपे देश: अस्ति. == External links == *[http://www.kuwait-info.org/ Kuwait Information Office] *[http://HavenWorks.com/world/kuwait Kuwait News] *[http://www.kuwaitblogs.com/ Kuwait Blogs - Listing and hosting of blogs from about about Kuwait] [[am:ኩዌት ከተማ]] [[an:Kuwait]] [[ar:الكويت]] [[arc:ܟܘܘܝܬ]] [[ast:Kuwait]] [[bg:Кувейт]] [[bs:Kuvajt]] [[ca:Kuwait]] [[cs:Kuvajt]] [[cy:Kuwait]] [[da:Kuwait]] [[de:Kuwait]] [[el:Κουβέιτ]] [[en:Kuwait]] [[eo:Kuvajto]] [[es:Kuwait]] [[et:Kuveit]] [[eu:Kuwait]] [[fa:کویت]] [[fi:Kuwait]] [[fr:Koweït]] [[frp:Koveyit]] [[fy:Koeweit]] [[ga:Cuáit]] [[gd:Kuwait]] [[gl:Kuwait - الكويت]] [[he:כווית]] [[hi:कुवैत]] [[hr:Kuvajt]] [[ht:Kowet]] [[hu:Kuvait]] [[ia:Kuwait]] [[id:Kuwait]] [[ilo:Kuwait]] [[io:Kuwait]] [[is:Kúveit]] [[it:Kuwait]] [[ja:クウェート]] [[ka:ქუვეითი]] [[ko:쿠웨이트]] [[ku:Kuweyt]] [[kw:Koweyt]] [[la:Cuvaitum]] [[li:Koeweit]] [[lt:Kuveitas]] [[lv:Kuveita]] [[mk:Кувајт]] [[ms:Kuwait]] [[nds:Kuwait]] [[nl:Koeweit]] [[nn:Kuwait]] [[no:Kuwait]] [[oc:Kowait]] [[pam:Kuwait]] [[pl:Kuwejt]] [[pt:Kuwait]] [[ro:Kuweit]] [[ru:Кувейт]] [[sh:Kuvajt]] [[simple:Kuwait]] [[sk:Kuvajt (štát)]] [[sl:Kuvajt]] [[sq:Kuvajti]] [[sr:Кувајт]] [[sv:Kuwait]] [[sw:Kuwait]] [[tg:Кувайт]] [[th:ประเทศคูเวต]] [[tl:Kuwait]] [[tr:Kuveyt]] [[ug:كۇۋەيت]] [[uk:Кувейт]] [[uz:Quvayt]] [[vi:Kuwait]] [[zh:科威特]] [[zh-min-nan:Kuwait]] 954 6193 2004-10-05T23:04:01Z 130.39.222.122 '''स्वीडन''' यूरोप महाद्वीपे उत्तरक्षेत्रे एक: देश: अस्‍ति. == External links == *[http://www.sweden.se/ SWEDEN.SE] - The Official Gateway to Sweden *[http://www.sweden.gov.se/ The Swedish Government] - Official site *[http://www.riksdagen.se/Index_en.asp The Riksdag] - Official site of the Swedish Parliament *[http://www.royalcourt.se/net/Royal+Court The Royal Court of Sweden] *[http://www.studyin.sweden.se/ Study in Sweden] *[http://www.visit-sweden.com/ Visit Sweden] *[http://www.sverigedirekt.se/sprak/off_sekt_eng.asp SwedenDirect] - Public Sector Information *[http://www.scb.se/ Statistics Sweden] [[en:Sweden]] 955 11284 2006-09-16T07:56:33Z Eukesh 157 /* संबद्घ विषया: */ '''आयुर्विज्ञान''' ===आयुर्वेद=== [[चरक संहिता]] [[सुश्रुत संहिता]]. ===पाश्‍चात्‍य आयुर्विज्ञान=== *[[मेडिसिन शास्त्र]] *[[सर्जरी शास्त्र]] *[[हिप्पोक्रेटस् सपथ]] *[[हृदय शास्त्र]] *[[रक्त शास्त्र]] *[[औषधी शास्त्र]] *[[जीव-रसायन शास्त्र]] ===संबद्घ विषया:=== *[[चरक]] *[[सुश्रुत]] *[[अग्‍निवेश]] *[[वाग्‍भट्ट]] *[[चिकित्साशास्त्र]] [[af:Geneeskunde]] [[als:Medizin]] [[ar:طب]] [[bg:Медицина]] [[bn:ঔষধ]] [[br:Medisinerezh]] [[ca:Medicina]] [[csb:Medicëna]] [[da:Lægevidenskab]] [[de:Medizin]] [[el:Ιατρική]] [[en:Medicine]] [[eo:Medicino]] [[es:Medicina]] [[et:Meditsiin]] [[eu:Medikuntza]] [[fa:پزشکی]] [[fi:Lääketiede]] [[fiu-vro:Arstitiidüs]] [[fr:Médecine]] [[fy:Genêskunde]] [[ga:Leigheas]] [[gl:Medicina]] [[he:רפואה]] [[hr:Medicina]] [[hu:Orvostudomány]] [[ia:Medicina]] [[io:Medicino]] [[it:Medicina]] [[iu:ᐊᓐᓂᐊᒥ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᖅ]] [[ja:医学]] [[ko:의학]] [[ky:Медицина]] [[la:Medicina]] [[lb:Medezin]] [[li:Genaeskónde]] [[lt:Medicina]] [[lv:Medicīna]] [[mk:Медицина]] [[nap:Mericina]] [[nds:Medizin]] [[nl:Geneeskunde]] [[nn:Medisin]] [[no:Medisin]] [[os:Медицинæ]] [[pl:Medycyna]] [[pt:Medicina]] [[ro:Medicină]] [[ru:Медицина]] [[scn:Midicina]] [[simple:Medicine]] [[sk:Medicína]] [[sl:Medicina]] [[sr:Медицина]] [[su:Tatamba]] [[sv:Medicin]] [[th:แพทยศาสตร์]] [[tl:Medisina]] [[tr:Tıp]] [[vi:Y khoa]] [[zh:医学]] [[zh-min-nan:I-ha̍k]] 956 6195 2004-10-29T02:50:09Z 68.159.28.11 वर्धमान महावीर (५९९-५२७ ई.पू.) '''जैन-धर्म'''स्य अन्तिम तीर्थङ्कर: आसीत्‌. [[en:Jainism]] 957 6196 2004-10-25T21:52:06Z 130.39.222.122 #REDIRECT [[तमिळ्‌]] 958 6197 2004-10-06T17:20:17Z 130.39.222.122 द्रविड-भाषा परिवारस्‍य एका भाषा. ==External links== * [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=TCW Ethnologue report for Telugu] * [http://www.sahiti.org/dict/index.jsp?code=TCW On-line English-Telugu Dictionaries (C. P. Brown's and V. Rao Vemuri's)] * [http://www.geocities.com/language_directory/languages/telugu.htm List of online Telugu-related resources] [[en:Telugu]] 959 6198 2004-10-25T21:58:25Z 130.39.222.122 #REDIRECT [[मलयाळम्‌]] 961 12752 2006-12-16T23:36:22Z Escarbot 175 robot Adding: [[no:Marathi]] {{notsanskrit}} '''Marathi''' आर्य-भाषा परिवारस्‍य एका भाषा. Marathi is supposed to be derived from Sanskrit (like many other languages in India). It is spoken by about 70 million people and is to have separated from the other languages in its group about a thousand years ago. {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300" ! colspan="2" bgcolor="#7CFC00" style="font-size:120%"|Marathi (''Marathi'') |- | valign="top"|Spoken in: |[[India]] |- | valign="top"|Region: |[[Maharashtra]] and adjacent states |- | valign="top"|Total speakers: |68 Million native speakers <br/> 3 Million second language speakers |- | valign="top"|[[List of languages by total speakers|Ranking]]: |17 |- | valign="top"|[[Language families and languages|Genetic]]<br/>[[Language families and languages|classification]]: |[[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]]<br/> &nbsp;[[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]]<br/> &nbsp;&nbsp;[[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]]<br/> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Southern zone Indo-Aryan languages|Southern zone]]<br/> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Marathi''' |- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="#7CFC00"|Official status |- | valign="top"|Official language of: | valign="top"|[[Maharashtra]] [[states of India|State]], [[India]] |- | valign="top"|Regulated by: | valign="top"| -- |- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="#7CFC00"|Language codes |- |[[ISO 639]]-1||mr |- |ISO 639-2||mar |- |[[SIL]]||MRT |} ==Sounds== <!-- <nowiki> Description of the sound set of the language. Can include phoneme charts and example words for each phoneme like in [[French language]]. If there is significant discussion here, it is probably best to divide the section into vowels and consonants subsections. ===Vowels=== Vowel chart and discussion of vowels. ===Consonants=== Consonant chart and discussion of consonants. ===Phonology=== Discussion of some major phonological processes, such as important [[allophone]]s or assimiliation rules. ===Historical sound changes=== Description of important sound changes in the history of the language. (Maybe this should go under history?) </nowiki> --> ==Grammar== It partly preserves the [[locative case]] in noun declension as follows: Sanskrit: prabhaat: dawn grha: house prabhaate: at dawn grhe: at/in house Marathi: pahaat: dawn ghar: house pahaate: at dawn ghari: at/in/to house ==Vocabulary== <!--<nowiki> This section should contain a discussion of any special features of the vocabulary (or lexicon) of the language, like if it contains a large number of borrowed words or a different sets of words for different politeness levels, taboo groups, etc. </nowiki>--> ==Writing system== Marathi uses the [[Devanagari]] script for writing. Get Marathi Writing simple software at http://www.baraha.com Before the usage of printing press for Marathi. a different script, called the Modi script was used to write the Marathi script. This was a cursive script and could be written with minimum rising of pen from the paper. However, with the advent of large scale printing, the script fell into disuse as it was very difficult to type set in this script.(See External Link) The oldest evidence of written Marathi is found at the base of a thousand year old gigantic statue in southern Indian town of Shrawana-belagola. The inscription is about the king Gangaraya who funded the effort, and his general Chamundaraya, who erected the statue for the king. ==Examples== Marathi has a long literary tradition, and a huge literature has been written in Marathi in the last seven centuries. The saint-poet [[Dnyaneshwar]] is considered the first major literateur in the Marathi language. Prominent contemporary Marathi authors include [[P.L. Deshpande]], [[Jaywant Dalawi]], [[V. P. Kale]], [[Wyankatesh Madgoolkar]] and [[D. M. Mirasdar]]. ==External links== *[http://www.ethnologue.org/show_language.asp?code=MRT Ethnologue report for Marathi] *[http://marathimodi.tripod.com Modi Script online] [[br:Marateg]] [[da:Marathi]] [[de:Marathi]] [[en:Marathi language]] [[eo:Marata lingvo]] [[es:Maratí]] [[fi:Marathin kieli]] [[fr:Marâthî]] [[he:מרטהי]] [[hi:मराठी भाषा]] [[id:Bahasa Marathi]] [[it:Lingua marathi]] [[ja:マラーティー語]] [[ka:მარათჰი (ენა)]] [[kn:ಮರಾಠಿ]] [[ko:마라티어]] [[lt:Marati]] [[mr:मराठी भाषा]] [[ms:Bahasa Marathi]] [[nl:Marathi]] [[nn:Marathi]] [[no:Marathi]] [[pl:Język marathi]] [[pt:Marata]] [[ru:Маратхи]] [[simple:Marathi language]] [[sr:Марати језик]] [[sv:Marathi]] [[ta:மராத்தி]] [[th:ภาษามราฐี]] [[zh:马拉地语]] 962 10499 2006-05-14T04:05:36Z DaGizza 117 {{notsanskrit}} [[en:Gujarati]] {{notsanskrit}} '''Gujarati''' आर्य-भाषा परिवारस्‍य एका भाषा. It is an [[Indo-European]] language, of the [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] family, spoken by about 46 million people worldwide, making it the 23rd most spoken language in the world. Of these, roughly 45.5 million reside in India, 150,000 in Uganda, 250,000 in Tanzania, 50,000 in Kenya and roughly 100,000 in Pakistan. A considerable population of Gujarati speakers exists in North America and the United Kingdom as well. In the United Kingdom, Leicester (Midlands) and Wembley (North London) are two areas popular with Gujaratis. The two most common surnames among Gujarati speakers are Shah and Patel; the latter surname has gained an alternate meaning in the [[United States]], as many bearers of the name own and operate mostly small and medium-sized [[motel]]s throughout the country; indeed, some estimates suggest that more than half of all such establishments in America not affiliated with major chains are owned and/or managed by Gujaratis, many of them surnamed Patel. {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300" ! colspan="2" bgcolor="#DDDDDD" style="font-size:120%"|Gujarati (''&#2711;&#2753;&#2716;&#2736;&#2750;&#2724;&#2752;'') |- | valign="top"|Spoken in: |[[India]], [[Tanzania]], [[Kenya]], [[Pakistan]] |- | valign="top"|Region: |[[Asia]], [[Africa]] |- | valign="top"|Total speakers: |46 Million |- | valign="top"|[[List of languages by total speakers|Ranking]]: |See [http://www.davidpbrown.co.uk/help/top-100-languages-by-population.html] |- | valign="top"|[[Language families and languages|Genetic]]<br>[[Language families and languages|classification]]: |[[Indo-European]]<br> &nbsp;[[Indo-Iranian]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;[[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Western Indo-Aryan]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Gujarati''' |- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="#DDDDDD"|Official status |- | valign="top"|Official language of: | valign="top"|[[Gujarat]] |- | valign="top"|Regulated by: | valign="top"|[[Language Academy]] |- ! colspan="2" bgcolor="#DDDDDD"|Language codes |- |[[ISO 639]]-1||gu |- |ISO 639-2(B)||guj |- |[[SIL]]||GJR |} == History == The history of the language can be traced back to 12th c. CE. A formal grammar of the precursor of this language was written by Jain monk and eminent scholar Hemachandra-charya in the reign of Rajput king Siddharaj Jayasinh of Patan. This was called Apabhransa grammar, signifying a language which is a corrupted form of languages like Sanskrit and Ardha-magadhi. The earliest literature in the language survives in oral tradition and can be traced to two stalwarts, the [[Krishna]] devotee and great egalitarian Narasinh Mehta (later a source of inspiration to [[Mahatma Gandhi]]) dated to be in the 17th century. The story of Narasinh Mehta himself was composed as a long narrative ballad by Premananda, accorded the title "maha-kavi" or great poet by modern historians of the language. His date is perhaps late 17th century. Other than this a large number of poets flourished during what is now characterised as the [[bhakti]] or devotional movement in Hinduism, a movement of the masses to liberate the religion from entrenched priesthood. Premananda was a "vyakhyan-kar", a traveling story teller, who narrated his subject in song form and then perhaps elaborated on the lines in prose. His style was so fluent that the long poems running into hundreds of lines were memorised by the people and are still sung during the morning routines. In this sense the oral tradition of the much more ancient [[Vedas]] was clearly continuing in India till late. Premananda's famous poetry-stories deal with epic themes couched in stories of mythical kings, and the puranas. He also wrote a drama based on Narasinh Mehta's life capturing his simplicity and his disregard for worldly divisions of caste and class. Modern exploration into Gujarat and its language is credited to British administrator Alexander Kinloch Forbes. During the nineteenth century at a time when the [[British]] rule was more consolidatory and progressive this gentleman explored much of the previous thousand years of the history of the land and compiled a large number of manuscripts. The learned body devoted to Gujarati language is named after him, Farbas Gujarati Sabha with headquarters in [[Mumbai]]. ==Classification== '''Gujarati''' is a [[language]] belonging to the [[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]] group of the [[Indo-European languages]]. ==Geographic distribution== ===Official Status=== It is officially recognized in the state of Gujarat, India. ===Dialects=== As with most languages, there are regional dialects which differ in some minor regard. Some of them are listed below along with subdivisions. ''Standard Gujarati'' Saurashtra Standard Nagari Bombay Gujarati Patnuli ''Gamadia'' Gramya Surati Anawla Brathela Eastern Broach Gujarati Charotari Patidari Vadodari Ahmedabad Gamadia Patani ''Parsi'' ''Kathiyawadi'' Jhalawadi Sorathi Holadi Gohilwadi Bhavnagari ''Kharwa'' ''Kakari'' ''Tarimuki'' Ghisadi ===Derived Languages=== ==Sounds== ==Grammar== ==Vocabulary== The Gujarati spoken today takes considerable vocabulary from [[Persian]] due to the more than five centuries of the rule of [[Sultan]] kings who were [[Muslim]]. These words occur mostly in reference to worldly and secular matters. The other elements of the language however draw quite a lot on the native tribes of the specific region, as listed above under Dialects. ==Writing system== It is written in [[Gujarati script]], an [[abugida]] very similar to [[Devanagari]] (the script used for [[Sanskrit]] and [[Hindi]]), but without the line at the top of the letters. ==External links== Gujarati Language and Literature: [http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/plc/gujarati/] [[da:Gujarati]] [[de:Gudscharati]] [[fr:Gujarâtî]] 963 6202 2004-10-06T17:31:12Z 130.39.222.122 [[en:Ladakhi]] '''लद्दाखी''' लद्‍दाख-क्षेत्रे तिबत-भाषा परिवारस्‍य एका भाषा. 964 12591 2006-12-10T16:00:53Z Escarbot 175 robot Adding: br, bs, cs, fa, fi, gl, he, io, ko, lt, no, ro, ru, sh, simple, sl, tg, tr Modifying: bn, kn '''बाङगला''' भाषा एका आर्य भाषा अस्‍ति. [[ar:لغة بنغالية]] [[ast:Bengalí]] [[bg:Бенгалски език]] [[bn:বাংলা ভাষা]] [[br:Banglaeg]] [[bs:Bangla]] [[ca:Bengalí]] [[cs:Bengálština]] [[cy:Bengaleg]] [[da:Bengali]] [[de:Bengali]] [[en:Bengali language]] [[eo:Bengala lingvo]] [[es:Idioma bengalí]] [[fa:زبان بنگالی]] [[fi:Bengalin kieli]] [[fr:Bengalî]] [[gl:Lingua bengalí]] [[he:בנגלית]] [[hu:Bengáli nyelv]] [[id:Bahasa Bengali]] [[io:Bengali linguo]] [[it:Lingua bengalese]] [[ja:ベンガル語]] [[ka:ბენგალური ენა]] [[kn:ಬಂಗಾಳಿ]] [[ko:벵골어]] [[lt:Bengalų kalba]] [[ms:Bahasa Bengali]] [[nl:Bengaals]] [[nn:Bengali]] [[no:Bengali]] [[pl:Język bengalski]] [[pt:Bengali]] [[ro:Limba bengaleză]] [[ru:Бенгальский язык]] [[sh:Bengalski jezik]] [[simple:Bengali language]] [[sl:Bengalščina]] [[sr:Бенгалски језик]] [[sv:Bengali]] [[te:బెంగాళీ భాష]] [[tg:Забони банголӣ]] [[th:ภาษาเบงกาลี]] [[tr:Bengali]] [[zh:孟加拉语]] 965 12842 2006-12-18T07:24:43Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[ru:Ассамский язык]] '''असमिया (&#2437;&#2488;&#2478;&#2496;&#2527;&#2494;)''' आर्य-भाषा परिवारस्‍य एका भाषा. Itis the language spoken by the natives of the state of [[Assam]] in northeast [[India]]. It is also the official language of Assam. It is also spoken in parts of [[Arunachal Pradesh]] and other norteast Indian states. Small pockets of Assamese speakers can be found in [[Bhutan]] and [[Bangladesh]]. The eastern most of [[Indo-European]] languages, it is spoken by over 20 million people. == इतिहास: == === Introduction === The language descends from classical [[Sanskrit]] via the eastern branch of [[Prakrit]]. Assamese, along with [[Oriya]] and [[Bengali]], is believed to have developed from Magahi apabhramsa . Written records relating to Assamese language can be traced to 6th/7th century AD when [[Kamarupa]] (''the ancient name of Assam'') was ruled by the Varman dynasty. Since then over the passage of the centuries it has been influenced by the languages and dialects of tribes that migrated from south eastern parts of [[Asia]]. Among these, primarily it was the [[Ahom]] tribe, that ruled Assam for over 600 years until 1824 AD. It is from the word Ahom that the Assamese or Axomiya language derives its name. Other big tribes like the Boro's and the Kachari's have also lended charm to the language. The Assamese script derives it's ancestry to [[Nagari]], an earlier form of [[Devanagari]] script which is used in India's national language [[Hindi]]. The script is very similar to [[Bengali script]] with some minor differences. The spellings in Assamese are not necessarily phonetic. ''Hemkox'', the first Assamese dictionary introduced spellings based on Sanskrit which are now the standard. Assamese phonetics has two distinguishing features ''vis-a-vis'' the other [[Indic]] languages of the [[Indo-European]] family. The absence of the [[retroflex]] sound and the presence of the [[voiceless velar fricative]]. As an example of the second, some Assamese prefer ''Axomiya'' to ''Asomiya'' while writing the name of their language. The history of the Assamese language may be broadly divided into three periods: === Early Assamese (6th to 15th century AD)=== This period may again be split into (a) Pre–Vaishnavite and (b) Vaishnative sub- periods. The earliest known Assamese writer is Hema Saraswati, who wrote a small poem "Prahra&#61475;da Charita". In the time of the king Indranarayana of Kamatapur, the son of Durlabhanarayana, the two poets Harihara Vipra and Kaviratna Saraswati composed Asvamedha Parva and Jayadratha Vadha respectively. Another poet named Rudra Kandali translated 'Drona Parva' into Assamese. But the most well-known poet of the Pre-Vaishnavite sub period is Madhava Kandali, who rendered the entire Ramayana into Assamese verse under the patronage of Mahamanikya, a kachari king of Jayantapura. Sankara Deva, the great Vaishnavite reformer in Assam, born in 1449 AD composed religious songs and drama. In his compositions there is a large admixture of what is popularly known as Braja-Bali idioms. === Middle Assamese (16th to 19th Century AD)=== This is a period of the prose chronicles of the Ahom court. The Ahoms had brought with them an instinct for historical writings. In the Ahom court, historical chronicles were at first composed in their original Tibeto-Chinese language, but when the Ahom rulers adopted Assamese as the court language, historical chronicles began to be written in Assamese. From the beginning of the seventeenth century onwards, court chronicles were written in large numbers. These chronicles or buranjis, as they were called by the Ahoms, broke away from the style of the religious writers. The language is essentially modern except for slight alterations in grammar and spelling. === Modern Assamese === The modern Assamese period began with the publication of the Bible in Assamese prose by the American Baptist Missionaries in 1819 AD. The currently prevalent Standard Asamiya has its roots in the Sibsagar dialect of Eastern Assam. As mentioned in Bani Kanta Kakati's "Assamese, its Formation and Development" (1941, Published by Sree Khagendra Narayan Dutta Baruah, LBS Publications, G.N. Bordoloi Road, Gauhati-1, Assam, India) – " The Missionaries made Sibsagar in Eastern Assam the centre of their activities and used the dialect of Sibsagar for their literary purposes". The American Baptist Missionaries were the first to use this dialect in translating the Bible in 1813 AD. These Missionaries established the first printing press in Sibsagar in 1836 AD and started using the local Asamiya dialect for writing purposes. In 1846 AD, they started a monthly periodical called Arunodaya, and in 1848 AD, N. Brown published the first book on Assamese Grammar. The Missionaries published the first Assamese-English Dictionary compiled by M. Bronson in 1867 AD. The Sibsagar Asamiya dialect came to be formally recognized as the Standard Asamiya dialect when it was made the official language of the state by the Britishers . It was introduced in the schools, courts and Government offices in 1872. This Standard was accepted by all other Asamiya dialects as the standard norm, and was used for all formal occasions– in writing, in the classroom, in meetings, in the courts and offices and for inter–dialect communication also. The modern Assamese literature has been enriched by the works of greats like Laxminath Bezbarua, Jyoti Prasad Agarwalla, Hem Barua...... In 1917 the Asom Shaitya Sabha was formed a guardian of the Assamese society and the forum for the development of Assamese language and literature. The word Assamese is an English one, built on the same principle as Cingalese, Canarese, etc. It is based on the English word Assam by which the tract consisting of the Brahmaputra valley is known. But the people themselves call their state Asam and their language Asamiya. [[ISO 639]]-1: as<br> ISO 639-2: asm<br> == बाह्‍य ग्रन्‍थिय: == * [http://www.beautifulassam.com/html/sankardeva.htm Sri Manta Sankardeva: Father of Assamese literature ] * [http://www.beautifulassam.com/html/famous_peoples.htm List of selected modern Aassamese literature icons] * [http://www.geocities.com/bipuljyoti/authors/jyotiprasad.html The Creative Visionary: Jyoti Prasad Agarwalla (1903-1951)] * [http://www.beautifulassam.com/html/history.htm History of Assamese Language] * [http://www.assam.org/assam/language/assamlang.html Assamese Language and Literature ] * [http://www.neerh.8m.net/ Assamese Poems ] * [http://www.sentinelassam.com/sentinel_en/lesson_index.htm Learn Assamese in Easy Steps] * http://www.ethnologue.com/show_iso639.asp?code=asm [[bn:অসমিয়া]] [[br:Asameg]] [[cs:Ásámština]] [[da:Assamesisk]] [[de:Asamiya]] [[en:Assamese language]] [[es:Idioma asamés]] [[fr:Assamais]] [[he:אסאמית]] [[hi:असमिया]] [[id:Bahasa Assam]] [[ja:アッサム語]] [[kn:ಅಸ್ಸಾಮಿ]] [[ko:아삼어]] [[lt:Asamų kalba]] [[ms:Bahasa Assam]] [[nl:Assamees]] [[pl:Język asamski]] [[ru:Ассамский язык]] [[sr:Асамски језик]] [[sv:Assamesiska]] [[te:అస్సామీ భాష]] [[ur:آسامی زبان]] [[zh:阿萨姆语]] 966 12847 2006-12-18T07:37:19Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: br, da, es, fr, he, hi, id, ja, ka, ko, nl, no, ru, sh, sr, sv, te, zh Modifying: en '''Oriya''' आर्य-भाषा परिवारस्‍य एका भाषा. It is the official Language of the [[India|Indian]] state of [[Orissa]] The Oriya script, which like all [[Nagari]] writing systems is strictly speaking an [[abugida]] rather than an [[alphabet]], is used to write the Oriya language and somewhat resembles [[Devanagari]] and [[Thai alphabet|Thai]] scripts. Its [[numerical digit]]s are different from their Devanagari counterparts. == Oriya in Unicode == The [[Unicode]] range for Oriya is U+0B01 ... U+0B71. {| |- align="center" |&nbsp;||&nbsp;||0||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||A||B||C||D||E||F |- align="center" |B00||&nbsp;||&#0032||&#2817;||&#2818;||&#2819;||&#2820;||&#2821;||&#2822;||&#2823;||&#2824;||&#2825;||&#2826;||&#2827;||&#2828;||&#2829;||&#2830;||&#2831; |- align="center" |B10||&nbsp;||&#2832;||&#2833;||&#2834;||&#2835;||&#2836;||&#2837;||&#2838;||&#2839;||&#2840;||&#2841;||&#2842;||&#2843;||&#2844;||&#2845;||&#2846;||&#2847; |- align="center" |B20||&nbsp;||&#2848;||&#2849;||&#2850;||&#2851;||&#2852;||&#2853;||&#2854;||&#2855;||&#2856;||&#2857;||&#2858;||&#2859;||&#2860;||&#2861;||&#2862;||&#2863; |- align="center" |B30||&nbsp;||&#2864;||&#2865;||&#2866;||&#2867;||&#2868;||&#2869;||&#2870;||&#2871;||&#2872;||&#2873;||&#2874;||&#2875;||&#2876;||&#2877;||&#2878;||&#2879; |- align="center" |B40||&nbsp;||&#2880;||&#2881;||&#2882;||&#2883;||&#2884;||&#2885;||&#2886;||&#2887;||&#2888;||&#2889;||&#2890;||&#2891;||&#2892;||&#2893;||&#2894;||&#2895; |- align="center" |B50||&nbsp;||&#2896;||&#2897;||&#2898;||&#2899;||&#2900;||&#2901;||&#2902;||&#2903;||&#2904;||&#2905;||&#2906;||&#2907;||&#2908;||&#2909;||&#2910;||&#2911; |- align="center" |B60||&nbsp;||&#2912;||&#2913;||&#2914||&#2915;||&#2916;||&#2917;||&#2918;||&#2919;||&#2920;||&#2921;||&#2922;||&#2923;||&#2924;||&#2925;||&#2926;||&#2927; |- align="center" |B70||&nbsp;||&#2928;||&#2929; |} [[br:Oriyeg]] [[da:Oriya]] [[de:Oriya]] [[en:Oriya language]] [[es:Oriya]] [[fr:Oriya]] [[he:אורייה]] [[hi:उड़िया]] [[id:Bahasa Oriya]] [[ja:オリヤー語]] [[ka:ორია (ენა)]] [[ko:오리야어]] [[nl:Oriya]] [[no:Oriya]] [[ru:Ория]] [[sh:Oriya]] [[sr:Орија језик]] [[sv:Oriya]] [[te:ఒరియా భాష]] [[zh:奥利亚语]] 967 10500 2006-05-14T04:06:21Z DaGizza 117 {{notsanskrit}} [[en:Punjabi]] [[de:Pandschabi]] [[fr:Penjâbî]] [[pl:J&#281;zyk pend&#380;abski]][[sv:Punjabi]] {{notsanskrit}} {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300" style="float:right; margin-left:1em; margin-bottom:1em;" !colspan="2" bgcolor="lawngreen"|<big>Punjabi ( &#2602;&#2672;&#2588;&#2622;&#2604;&#2624; / &#2346;&#2306;&#2332;&#2366;&#2348;&#2368; / &#1662;&#1606;&#1580;&#1575;&#1576;&#1740;)</big> |- |Spoken in: |[[India]], [[Pakistan]] and other countries with Punjabi migrants |- |Region: |[[Punjab]] |- |First language speakers: |27,125,000 (Eastern) 30,000,000 (Western) |- <!-- |- |[[List of languages by total speakers|Ranking]]: |?? Removed because of ambiguity of metric and disagreement of data with linked page --> |- |valign="top"|[[Language families and languages|Genetic]]<br>[[Language families and languages|classification]]: |[[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]]<br> &nbsp;[[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;[[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Punjabi'''<br> |- !colspan="2" bgcolor="lawngreen"|Official status |- |[[Official language]] of: |valign="top"|[[Punjab, India]] |- |Regulated by: |None |- !colspan="2" bgcolor="lawngreen"|Language codes |- |[[ISO 639]]-1: |pa |- |ISO 639-2: |pan |- |[[SIL]]: |PNJ/PNB/PMU |} '''पञ्जाबी''' आर्य-भाषा परिवारस्‍य एका भाषा. Punjabi is the official language of the Indian state of Punjab, and is also spoken in neighbouring areas such as [[Haryana]] and [[Delhi]]. In Pakistan, however, it is not an [[official language]] and has no official status in education. This has led to resentment from many Punjabi speakers, who form the largest single linguistic group in Pakistan. Punjabi is also spoken as a minority language in several other countries, including [[Afghanistan]], as well as many nations where [[Punjabis]] have emigrated in large numbers, such as [[Britain]], [[Canada]], and the [[United States]]. Punjabi is the sacred language of the [[Sikhism|Sikhs]], in which the religious literature is written (See [[Adi Granth]]). It is the usual language of [[Bhangra]] music, which has recently gained wide popularity both in [[South Asia]] and abroad. Punjabi culture, much like its [[Bengali]] counterpart, suffered a split between India and Pakistan during the [[Partition_of_India|Partition]] of [[1947]]. As such, Punjabi language and culture tend to be uniting factors in spite of national and religious affiliations. Modern Punjabi is a has borrowed extensively from other languages, including [[Hindi]], [[Urdu language|Urdu]], [[Persian language|Persian]] and [[English language|English]]. Like other North Indian languages, is derived from [[Sanskrit]] and is therefore [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]]. In addition, like Hindi and Urdu, it has a substantial number of loanwords from Arabic, Persian, and even a few from Turkish. Many sources subdivide the Punjabi language into [[Western Punjabi]] ([[Lahnda]]) and [[Eastern Punjabi]]. There are several different scripts used for writing the Punjabi language, depending on the region and the dialect spoken, as well as the religion of the speaker. Sikhs and others in the Indian state of Punjab tend to use the [[Gurumukhi]] or [[Gurmukhi]] (''from the mouth of the Gurus'') script. [[Hindus]], and those living in neighbouring states such as [[Haryana]] and [[Himachal Pradesh]] often use the [[Devanagari]] script. Finally, [[Muslims]], and in general [[Pakistani]] Punjabis, use a modified [[Arabic script]] called [[Shahmukhi]]. Much like English, Punjabi has moved around the world and developed local forms by integrating local vocabulary. While most loanwords come from English, Hindi and Urdu (and indirectly, from Persian and Arabic), Punjabi emmigrants around the world have integrated terms from such languages as [[Spanish language|Spanish]] and [[Dutch language|Dutch]]. A distinctive "Diaspora Punjabi" is thus emerging. As there is no formal consensus over vocabulary and spelling in Punjabi, it is likely that Diaspora Punjabi will increasingly deviate from the forms found on the [[Indian Subcontinent]] in the future. ==Notable Authors== * [[Bulleh Shah]] * [[Hashim]] * [[Sultan Bahu]] * [[Shiv Kumar Batalvi]] * [[Amrita Pritam]] * [[Kartar Duggal]] * [[Prof. Mohan Singh]] * [[Pash]] * [[Gurbaksh Singh Preetlari]] * [[Nanak Singh]] * [[Ilyas Ghumman]] * [[Saadat Hasan Manto]] ==External links== * [http://guca.sourceforge.net/ Punjabi Computing Resource Centre] * [http://www.apnaorg.com Academy of the Punjab In North America (APNA)] * [http://www.5abi.com/5ratan/ Free online Diaspora Punjabi (Gurmukhi) lessons] * [http://www.punjabonline.com/servlet/library.language?Action=Main Learn Gurmukhi - Sound and Graphics] * [http://www.punjabi.net/punjab/literature.htm Punjabi Language and Literature] * [http://asnic.utexas.edu/asnic/subject/peoplesandlanguages.html Peoples and Languages in Pre-Islamic Indus Valley] * [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=India Ethnologue - Languages of India] * [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=Pakistan Ethnologue - Languages of Pakistan] 968 12857 2006-12-18T08:14:02Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: am, br, cs, es, fr, hi, id, ja, kn, ko, ks, ksh, nl, no, pl, ru, sr, sv, zh Modifying: de, en '''कश्मीरी''' आर्य-भाषा परिवारस्‍य एका भाषा. अस्‍य वक्ता: 4,391,000. It is an [[Subject Verb Object|SVO]] language. Link: An Introduction to Spoken Kashmiri - http://koshur.org [[am:ካሽሚርኛ]] [[br:Kachmireg]] [[cs:Kašmírština]] [[de:Kashmiri]] [[en:Kashmiri language]] [[es:Kashmiri]] [[fr:Kashmiri]] [[hi:कश्मीरी भाषा]] [[id:Bahasa Kashmiri]] [[ja:カシミール語]] [[kn:ಕಾಶ್ಮೀರಿ]] [[ko:카슈미르어]] [[ks:Kŏśura zabāna]] [[ksh:Kashmiirėsch (Shprooch)]] [[nl:Kasjmiri]] [[no:Kasjmiri]] [[pl:Język kaszmirski]] [[ru:Кашмири]] [[sr:Кашмири језик]] [[sv:Kashmiri]] [[zh:克什米爾語]] 969 13019 2006-12-20T03:09:34Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[bpy:ইটানগর]] '''इटानगर''' अरुणाचल प्रदेशस्‍य राजधानी अस्‍ति. It comes administratively under Papumpare district. The Nishis or Nishings is the major tribe in Itanagar area. As a capital town, Itanagar is well connected with the rest of the country by road and air communications. Pawan Hans provides helicopter service between Guwahati and Naharlagun(Itanagar). Deluxe buses are available from Guwahati. Interesting places around are historical fort called Itafort which dates back to the 15 century (after which the city is named), legendary Ganga Lake or Gyakar Sinyi and the Buddhist temple consecrated by the Dalai Lama. Important economic activities around are farming/agricuture related. Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itanagar" [[bn:ইটানগর]] [[bpy:ইটানগর]] [[de:Itanagar]] [[en:Itanagar]] [[hi:ईटानगर]] [[ja:イタナガル]] [[nl:Itanagar]] [[ro:Itanagar]] [[sv:Itanagar]] [[ta:இட்டாநகர்]] 970 6209 2004-10-06T20:06:39Z 130.39.222.122 '''भुवनेश्वर''' उडीसा प्रदेशस्‍य राजधानी नगर अस्‍ति. It is sometimes called the Temple City because of the numerous 17th and 18th century temples that can be found throughout the city. To the east are the famous Sun temple of Konark and the Jagannath temple of Puri. [[en:Bhubaneshwar]] 971 10514 2006-05-14T04:16:43Z DaGizza 117 stub '''भागनगर''' आन्ध्र-प्रदेशस्य राजधानी अस्ति. एतद् अन्य नाम हैदराबाद अस्ति. {{stub}} 972 6211 2004-09-26T17:29:20Z 65.0.107.235 [[en:Meghalaya]] '''मेघालय''' (1991 जनसंख्या 1,774,778) भारतस्य एक: लघु प्रान्त: अस्ति. It is a hilly strip in the eastern part of the country about 300 km long (East-West) and 100 km wide, with a total area of about 22,429 sq km. The state is bounded on the north by the Brahmaputra River, and on the south by Bangladesh. The capital is Shillong. Meghalaya was originally part of Assam, and became its own state on 21 January 1972. The climate of Meghalaya is moderate but humid, the average annual rainfall going as high as 1200 cm in some areas, making it the wettest state of India. About 1/3 of the state is forested. The ranges of the Garo Hills in the west, Khasi Hills, and Jaintia Hills in the east are not especially high, with Shillong Peak the highest point at 1,965 m. Many caves are known to exist. Culturally, much of the population consists of the Khasis, Jaintias, and Garos, which were among those known to the British as "hill tribes". Although the state government has been promoting tourism, terrorist groups (ULFA and NDFB) have been using the Garo Hills recently as a base of operations; the rugged forested terrain and the border with Bangladesh make the hills a good hideout. Districts: East Garo Hills East Khasi Hills Jaintia Hills Ribhoi South Garo Hills West Garo Hills West Khasi Hills ==सम्‍बन्‍धित-विषया:== Meghalaya State homepage (http://meghalaya.nic.in/) 973 12779 2006-12-17T18:13:36Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: ja, ta Modifying: de, en, hi '''भारतीय-सूची''' एतत् उल्लेखनीय भारतीया: सूची: ==कला== * [[अमृता शेरगिल]], चित्रकार * [[अञ्‍जलि एला मेनन]] चित्रकला * [[बिर्जु महाराज]], नृत्‍य * [[जतिन दास]], चित्रकला * [[केलुचरण महापात्र]], [[ओडिसी]] नृत्‍य * [[मल्लिका साराभाई]], नृत्‍य * [[मकबूल फिदा हुसेन]], चित्रकला * [[यामिनी कृष्णमूर्ति]], नृत्‍य * Raja and Radha Reddy, नृत्‍य * [[राजा रवि वर्मा]], चित्रकला * [[Sudha Chandran]], नृत्‍य ==व्यापार एवं उद्योग== * Arjun Malhotra, co-founder, HCL Technologies * [[Dewang Mehta]], ex-chief of [[NASSCOM]] * [[J.R.D. Tata]], Industrialist, [[Tata]] Groups * [[GD Birla]], Industrialist, [[Birla]] Group * Sohrab Pirojsha Godrej, [[Godrej Industries]] * [[Jamnalal Bajaj]] * [[N.R. Narayana Murthy]], co-founder [[Infosys]] * [[Sabeer Bhatia]], co-founder [[Hotmail]] * [[Sanjiv Sidhu]], founder [[i2]] Technologies * Shantanurao Laxmanrao Kirloskar, [[Kirloskar]] Group * [[Subrata Roy]], [[Sahara India]] Parivar * [[Verghese Kurien]], founder Operation Flood * [[विनोद खोसला]], co-founder [[Sun Microsystems]] ==विन्यास, सौन्दर्य== : ''For a list of women who have won the Miss India titles see : [[Miss India]]'' * [[John Abraham]], model and actor * Madhu Sapre * [[Manish Malhotra]], designer * [[Milind Soman]], model and actor * [[Ritu Beri]], designer * [[Rohit Bal]], designer ==साहित्य== * [[इकबाल]] * [[हरिवंशराय बच्‍चन]] * [[कबीर]] * [[कल्‍हण]] * [[कालिदास]] * [[महादेवी वर्मा]] * [[मिर्जा गालिब]] * [[प्रेमचन्‍द]] * [[रवीन्‍द्रनाथ ठाकुर]] * [[R.K. Narayan]] * [[सलमान रश्‍दी]] * [[शशि थरूर]] * [[सुमित्रानन्‍दन पन्‍त]] * [[तुलसीदास]] * [[Vikram Seth]] * [[V.S. Naipaul]] * [[Vaikom Muhammad Basheer]] - [[Malayalam]] novelist * [[Vayalar Ramavarma]] - [[Malayalam]] poet ==पत्रकार== * [[Khushwant Singh]] * [[M. J. Akbar]] * [[Prannoy Roy]] * [[अरुण शौरी]], journalist * [[Pritish Nandy]] * [[Sanjay Gupta]], Anchor, CNN [http://www.cnn.com/CNN/anchors_reporters/gupta.sanjay.html CNN Page on Sanjay Gupta] ==चलच्चित्र== ''See also'': [[Dadasaheb Phalke Award|Dadasaheb Phalke Award winners]] ===दिग्दर्शक=== *[[Adoor Gopalakrishnan]] *[[Gurinder Chadha]] * [[गुरु दत्त]] *[[मणि रत्‍नम्‌]] *[[मनोज श्‍यामलन्‌]] *[[राज कपूर]] *[[Rajkumar Santoshi]] *[[Ram Gopal Varma]] *[[Sai Paranjpe]] *[[सत्‍यजित राय]] *[[Shekhar Kapoor]] *[[Shyam Benegal]] *[[Subhash Ghai]] *[[Shakti Samanta]] *Yash Chopra ===सूत्रधार=== *[[Amitabh Bachchan]], Amitabh Bachchan Corporation Ltd. (ABCL) *[[Aziz Mirza]], Dreamz Unlimited *[[Dev Anand]], Navketan Films *[[Juhi Chawla]], Dreamz Unlimited *[[K.T. Kunjumon]], Gentleman Films *[[Mira Nair]], Mirabai Films *[[Mohanlal]], Pranavam Arts *[[Raj Kapoor]], R.K. Films *[[Ram Gopal Varma]], Varma Corporation Ltd. *[[Shahrukh Khan]], Dreamz Unlimited *[[Sooraj Barjatya]], Rajshri Films *[[Subhash Ghai]], Mukta Arts *[[Sunil Dutt]], Ajanta Arts *[[Yash Chopra]], Yashraj Films *[[Yash Johar]], Dharma Productions ===अभिनय=== ====अभिनेता==== *[[आमिर खान]] *[[Abhishek Bachchan]] *[[Aftab Shivdasani]] *[[अमिताभ बच्‍चन]] *[[Ajay Devgan]] *[[Akshay Khanna]] *[[Akshay Kumar]] *[[अमोल पालेकर]] *[[अनिल कपूर]] * Annu Kapoor *[[Anupam Kher]] *[[Biswajit]] *[[Bobby Deol]] *[[Dev Anand]] *[[Dharmendra]] (born 1935) *[[Dilip Kumar]] *[[Dino Morea]] *[[Fardeen Khan]] *[[Feroze Khan]] *[[Govinda]] *[[गुरु दत्त]] *[[Hrithik Roshan]] *[[Jackie Shroff]] *[[Jeetendra]] *[[John Abraham]] *[[Jimmy Shergill]] *[[Kamal Haasan]] *[[Madhavan]] *[[Manoj Bajpai]] *[[Manoj Kumar]] *[[Mithun Chakraborty]] * [[Mohanlal]], [[Malayalam film]]s *[[Naseeruddin Shah]] *[[Om Prakash]] *[[Om Puri]] * [[Pran]] * [[Prem Nazir]], [[Malayalam film]]s *[[Raj Kapoor]] (Actor and Director) *[[Rajendra Kumar]] *[[Raaj Kumar]] (Hindi actor) * [[Rajeev Kapoor]] *[[Rajesh Khanna]] * Dr. [[Rajkumar]] (Kannada actor) *[[Rakesh Roshan]] *[[Randhir Kapoor]] *[[Rishi Kapoor]] *[[Sanjay Dutt]] *[[Sanjay Kapoor]] *[[Sanjay Khan]] *[[Sanjeev Kumar]] *[[Shahrukh Khan]] *[[Shammi Kapoor]] *[[Shashi Kapoor]] *[[Shatrughan Sinha]] *[[Sivaji Ganesan]] *[[Sunil Dutt]] *[[Sunny Deol]] *[[Suresh Gopi]] *[[Utpal Dutt]] *[[Uttam Kumar]] *[[Vinod Khanna]] *[[Vinod Mehra]] *[[Vivek Oberoi]] ====अभिनेत्री==== *[[माधुरी दीक्षित]] *[[ऐश्‍वर्या राय]] *[[मधुबाला]] *[[मीना कुमारी]] ==सङ्गीत== * [[Abhijeet]], singer * [[Alka Yagnik]], singer * [[Amjad Ali Khan]] * [[A.R. Rahman]] - Composer * [[Anu Malik]], composer * [[आशा भोसले]], singer * [[Babul Supriyo]] * [[Balamurali Krishna]] * [[गीता दत्त]], singer * [[Hemant Kumar]], composer and singer * [[Hridaynath Mangeshkar]], composer * [[Ilayaraja]], Composer * [[Kavita Krishnamurthy]] * [[Khayyam]] * [[किशोर कुमार]], playback singer, actor * [[Kumar Sanu]], singer * [[आशा भोसले]], singer * [[Mahendra Kapoor]], singer * [[Manna Dey]], singer * [[MS Subbulakshmi]], Classical ([[Carnatic music|Carnatic]]) Singer * [[Mohammed Rafi|Mohammad Rafi]], singer * [[Mukesh]], singer * [[Naushad]], composer * [[Noorjehan]], singer * [[O.P. Nayyar]], composer * [[Rahul Dev Burman]], composer * [[Ravi]], composer * [[Ravi Shankar]], [[Sitar]] maestro * [[Sadhana Sargam]] * [[Shamshad Begum]] * [[Suraiya]], singer * [[Talat Mahmood]], singer * [[Udit Narayan]], singer * [[K. J. Yesudas|Yesudas]], singer * [[Zakir Hussain]], [[Tabla]] * [[Zubin Mehta]], conductor ==अपराधी== * [[Chhota Rajan]] * [[Dawood Ebrahim]] * [[Ejaz Lakdawala]] ==दार्शनिक== * [[Akshapada Gotama]] * [[Badarayana]] * [[Kanada]] * [[Kapila]] * [[Madhva]] * [[Ramanuja]] * [[Shankara]] * [[Vallabha]] ==राजनयिक== * [[बाल गङ्गाधर तिलक]] * [[मदनमोहन मालवीय]] * [[चक्रवर्ती राजगोपालाचार्य]] * [[अटल बिहारी वाजपेयी]] * [[Bal Thackeray]] * [[E.K. Nayanar]] * [[Feroze Gandhi]] * [[Indira Gandhi]] * [[J Jayalalithaa]] * [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] * [[Lal Krishna Advani]] * [[Laloo Prasad Yadav]] * [[M Karunanidhi]] * [[Mahatma Gandhi]] * [[Manmohan Singh]] * [[Mayawati]] * [[MG Ramachandran]] * [[Mulayam Singh Yadav]] * [[Narendra Modi]], [[chief minister]], [[Gujarat]] * [[Natwar Singh]] * [[P Chidambaram]] * [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]] * [[Phoolan Devi]] (1963-2001) * [[Pranab Mukherjee]] * [[Priyanka Gandhi]] (born 1971) * [[Rabri Devi]] (born 1959) * [[Rahul Gandhi]], MP from [[Amethi]] * [[Rajiv Gandhi]] (1944-1991) * [[Ravi Shankar Prasad]] * Sardar [[Vallabhbhai Patel]] (1875-1950) * [[Shrikant Jichkar]] (1954-2004) * [[Somnath Chatterjee]] (born 1929) * [[Subhash Chandra Bose]] (1897-1945) * [[Yashwant Sinha]] (born 1937) ==धर्मगुरु== * [[आदि शङ्कर]] * [[माता अमृतानन्‍दमयी]] * [[श्री अरविन्‍द|अरविन्‍द]] * [[चैतन्‍य महाप्रभु]] * [[गौतम बुद्ध]] * [[जीसस् ]] * [[गुरु नानक]] * [[जिद्दु कृष्णमूर्ति]] * [[कबीर]] * [[परमहंस योगानन्द]] * [[वर्धमान महावीर]] * [[मीराबाई]] * [[नारायण गुरु]] * [[Nisargadatta Maharaj]] * [[Prabhupada A.C. Bhaktivedanta]] * [[रामकृष्‍ण परमहंस]] * [[साइ बाबा|Sai Baba of Shirdi]] * [[सत्य साइ बाबा]] * [[स्वामि समर्थ रामदास]] * [[संत् तुकाराम्]] * [[संत् नामदेव्]] * [[स्वामी विवेकानन्द]] * [[तुलसीदास]] * [[स्वामि सिवानन्द]] * [[The Ten Gurus of Sikhism]] - the founders of the [[Sikhism]] & [[Sikh]] religion ** [[Guru Nanak Dev]] ** [[Guru Angad Dev]] ** [[Guru Amar Das]] ** [[Guru Ram Das]] ** [[Guru Arjan Dev]] ** [[Guru Hargobind]] ** [[Guru Har Rai]] ** [[Guru Har Krishan]] ** [[Guru Teg Bahadur]] ** [[Guru Gobind Singh]] ==राजा== * [[महापद्म नन्द]] * [[बिन्दुसार]] * [[चन्द्रगुप्त मौर्य]] * [[अशोक]] * [[चन्द्रगुप्त १]] * [[समुद्रगुप्त]] * [[चन्द्रगुप्त विक्रमादित्य]] * [[हर्ष]] *[[राजेन्द्र चोळ]] *[[बाबर]] *[[हुमांयू]] *[[अकबर]] *[[जहांगीर]] *[[शाहजहां]] *[[औरंगजेब]] *[[शिवाजी]] *[[कृष्णदेवराय]] ==वैज्ञानिक== * [[Acharya P.C. Ray]] * [[Aryabhata]] * [[Ashoka Jahnavi-Prasad]] * [[Ashoke Sen]], theoretical physicist * [[Bhaskaracharya]] * [[Birbal Sahni]] * [[Brahmagupta]] * [[Calyampudi Radhakrishnan Rao]] * [[C.S.Seshadri]] * [[C.V. Raman]] * [[G.Balakrish Nair]] * [[George Sudarshan]] * [[Gopalasamudram Ramachandran]] * [[Hargobind Khorana]] * [[Harish Chandra]] * [[Homi Jehangir Bhabha]] * [[Jagdish Chandra Bose]] * [[Sardar Jagjit Singh]] * [[J.J. Rawal]], astrophysicist * [[Jayant Narlikar]] * [[Kollagunta Gopalaiyer Ramanathan]] * [[Krishnaswami Kasturirangan]] * [[Lagadha]] * [[Madhava]] * [[Madhu Sudan]] * [[Meghnad Saha]] * [[Nilakantha Somayaji]] * [[Nirmal Kumar Ganguly]] * [[Panini]] * [[Pingala]] * [[Raja Ramanna]] * [[Vilayanur S. Ramachandran]] * [[Ramanujan|Srinivasa Ramanujan]] * [[Satish Dhawan]] * [[Satyendra Nath Bose]] * [[S. Bhagvantam]] * [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar]] * [[Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar]] * [[Vikram Sarabhai]] * [[Vulimiri Ramalingaswami]] * [[Yajnavalkya]] ==समाजसेवा== * [[Anna Hazare]] * [[Baba Amte]] * [[Sunderlal Bahuguna]], ''[[Chipko]]'' movement * [[Vinoba Bhave]], ''[[Sarvodaya]]'' and ''[[Bhoodan]]'' movements ==खेल== * [[Anil Kumble]], [[Cricket (sport)|Cricket]] * Anju George, athlete * [[Baichung Bhutia]], Football * [[Chandu Borde]], Cricket * [[Dhanraj Pillay]], Hockey * [[Dhyan Chand]], [[Field Hockey|Hockey]] * [[Geet Sethi]], snooker * [[Gopichand]], badminton * [[Harbhajan Singh]], Cricket * [[Javagal Srinath]], Cricket * Jeev Milkha Singh, golf * [[Kapil Dev]], Cricket * [[Karnam Malleswari]], Weightlifting * [[Leander Paes]], Tennis * [[Mahesh Bhupathi]], Tennis * [[Mansoor Ali Khan Pataudi]], cricket * [[Milkha Singh]], Athlete * [[Mohammed Azharuddin]], Cricket * [[Pargat Singh]], Hockey * [[Prakash Padukone]], Badminton * [[P. T. Usha]], Athlete, [[Asian Games]] medallist * [[Ramesh Krishnan]], tennis * [[Rahul Dravid]] , Cricket * [[Ranjitsinghji]], cricket * [[Sachin Tendulkar]], Cricket * [[Sania Mirza]], [[List of Wimbledon champions|Junior Wimbledon Girls champion]] * [[Saurav Ganguly]] , Cricket * [[Sunil Gavaskar]], Cricket * [[Viswanathan Anand]], Chess ==अन्य== * [[Amartya Sen]], Economist, [[Nobel Prize in Economics]], 1998 * [[Avinash Kak]], professor * [[B.K.S. Iyengar]], proponent of [[yoga]] * [[Kalpana Chawla]], * [[Rakesh Sharma]], first Indian astronaut * [[Subhash Kak]], writer * [[Narendra Karmarkar]], mathematician * [[Chamu Krishna Shastri]], Sanskrit Bharati movement ==विशेष== * [[List of people by nationality]] * [[List of people by India state]] [[de:Liste indischer Persönlichkeiten]] [[en:List of Indians by state]] [[fr:Liste d'Indiens célèbres]] [[hi:भारतीय व्यक्तित्व]] [[ja:分野・時代別のインド人の一覧]] [[mr:भारतीय-सूची]] [[ta:பிரபல இந்தியர்களின் பட்டியல்]] 976 6214 2004-10-18T21:22:48Z 130.39.222.122 [[en:Transportation]] '''परिवहन''' *[[रेल परिवहन]] *[[वायु परिवहन]] *[[अन्‍तरिक्ष परिवहन]] ==बाह्य संकेत== *[http://www.travelwalk.net/tokyo.htm Travel Walk] - Shortcut to Japan's Trains *[http://irfca.org/users/sundar/] Indian train gallery [[af:Vervoer]] [[ca:Transport]] [[da:Transport]] [[de:Transport]] [[eo:Transporto]] [[es:Transporte]] [[et:Transport]] [[fi:Liikenne]] [[fr:Transport]] [[fy:Transport]] [[gl:Transporte]] [[he:&#1514;&#1495;&#1489;&#1493;&#1512;&#1492;]] [[ia:Transporto]] [[id:Transportasi]] [[it:Trasporti]] [[ja:&#20132;&#36890;]] [[nl:Transport]] [[no:Transport]] [[pl:Transport]] [[pt:Transportes]] [[ru:&#1058;&#1088;&#1072;&#1085;&#1089;&#1087;&#1086;&#1088;&#1090;]] [[simple:Transport]] [[ta:&#2986;&#3019;&#2965;&#3021;&#2965;&#3009;&#2997;&#2992;&#2980;&#3021;&#2980;&#3009;]] [[zh:&#20132;&#36890;&#36816;&#36755;]] 977 11858 2006-11-24T17:22:48Z देशा 218 [[en:Crafts]] '''शिल्पकला''' शिल्पं हि परमपूज्यं सर्वदर्शनलक्षणम च सर्व प्रमाणरूपाय साकारतत्त्वमेव। *[[प्रासाद]] *[[स्थापक]] *[[विमान]] *[[रेख]] *[[पीढ]] *[[पुरुष]] *[[शिल्पविद्या]] *[[आयुध]] ---- *[[मिष्ठान्न ]] *[[ पाकशास्त्र]] *[[Sculpture]], with [[wax]] as in [[candles]], [[clay]] as in [[pottery]] and also with [[ice]]. *[[चित्रकला]] *[[Websites]] * Making [[Perfume]] *[[Carpentry]] *[[Plumbing]] *[[Electronics]] *[[Road]] [[Construction]] and [[Map]] [[Design]] 978 6216 2004-09-30T21:02:35Z 65.0.123.224 [[en:Egypt]] [[ks:मिस्र]] '''ईजिप्ट''' (मिस्र) अफ्रीका-महाद्वीपे उत्तर-पूर्वे कोणे स्थित: अस्ति. *राजधानी - [[काहिरा]] *भाषा- [[अरबी]] The capital city, Cairo, is Africa's largest city and has been renowned for centuries as a center of learning, culture and commerce. Egypt also hosts two major religious institutions. [[Al-Azhar University]], the oldest Islamic institution for higher studies (founded around [[970]] CE) with its corresponding mosque Al-Azhar. The head of Al-Azhar is traditionally regarded as the supreme leader of Sunni Muslims all over the world. Egypt also has a strong Christian heritage as evidenced by the existence of the [[Coptic Christianity|Coptic Orthodox Church]] headed by the [[Patriarch of Alexandria]], which claims a following of 50 million Christians worldwide (one of the famous Coptic Orthodox Churches is Saint Takla Haimanot Church in Alexandria http://www.St-Takla.org ). Though considered a low-income country, Egypt has a thriving media and arts industry, with more than 30 satellite channels and more than 100 motion pictures produced a year. To bolster its media industry, especially with the keen competition from the [[Persian Gulf states]] and Lebanon, it has built a large media city that it has promoted as the "Hollywood of the East". Egypt has the only Opera House amongst Arab countries. Some famous Egyptians include: [[Naguib Mahfouz]] (Nobel Prize-winning novelist), [[Umm Kulthum]] (singer), [[Omar Sharif]] (actor), [[Ahmed H. Zewail|Ahmed Zewail]] (Nobel Prize-winning chemist), [[Boutros Boutros-Ghali]] (former Secretary General of the United Nations), [[Mohamed ElBaradei]] (Head of the International Atomic Energy Agency), and [[Anwar Sadat]] (former president and winner of the Nobel Peace Prize.) *[[List of famous Egyptian people]] *[[List of African writers (by country)#Egypt|List of writers from Egypt]] *[[Egyptian mythology]] *[[Coptic Christianity]] *[[Music of Egypt]] 981 11043 2006-08-15T17:40:07Z Nityagopal Katare 182 '''वनस्पति विज्ञानं''' वने ये लता वृक्षादयः सन्ति तेषां वनस्पतीनाम वशिष्टं ज्ञानं इति वनस्पति विज्ञानं कथ्यते। प्राचीन काले मनुष्याणां चिकित्सा वनस्पतिभिरेव भवत्यासीत्। वने स्थिताः सर्वाः वनस्पतयः अतिमहत्वपूर्णाः औषधयः सन्ति। भारतस्य आयुर्वेदम् चिकित्सा पद्धतिः वनस्पत्याधारितैवास्ति। चिकित्सा शास्त्रेषु सर्वाणां वनस्पतीनां महत्वमुपयोगिताञ्च उपलभ्यते। ==सम्‍बद्घ विषया:== * [[जीवशास्त्रं]] * [[कृषिशास्त्रं]] [[co:Botanica]] [[cs:Botanika]] [[da:Botanik]] [[de:Botanik]][[en:Botany]] [[es:Botánica]] [[eo:Botaniko]] [[eu:Botanika]] [[fr:Botanique]] [[gl:Bot&#225;nica]] [[it:Botanica]] [[ia:Botanica]] [[la:Botanica]] [[nds:Botanik]] [[nl:Botanica]] [[pl:Botanika]] [[pt:Botânica]] [[simple:Botany]] [[vo:Planav]] [[zh:&#26893;&#29289;&#23398;]] 984 6222 2004-09-05T02:43:44Z Murtasa 17 '''वाल्मीकि:''' संस्कृतस्य आदिकवि मन्यते. स: लिखित: [[रामायण]]:. 985 12738 2006-12-16T17:33:25Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: hu, it, ja, ka, lb, ml, pt, sk, ta, th Modifying: en '''कालिदास''' - (कवि कुल गुरु) कालिदासः [[भारत]]स्य एकः महान् [[संस्कृत]]कविः, [[नाटक]]कर्ता च आसीत्। कालिदासस्य कालः विषये बहु सन्देहाः सन्ति। तस्य जीवनकालः 100BC तः 400AD मध्ये कदाचित् आसीत् इति पण्डिताः तर्कयन्ति। सः [[उज्जैनी]] नगरे [[विक्रमादित्य]]स्य सभायां नवरत्नेषु एकः आसीत् इति वदन्ति। [[मालविकाग्निमित्र]], [[विक्रमूर्वशीय]],[[अभिज्ञानशाकुन्तल]] - विख़्यातनाटकान् , [[कुमारसंभव]], [[रघुवंश]] - इतिहास कवितां, [[मेघदूत]], [[ऋतुसंहार]] कवितां रचयितवान् । अभिज्ञानशाकुन्तलस्य अनेकभाषासु अनुवादं कृतवन्तः। धन्वन्तरि, क्षपणक, [[अमरसिंह]], शञ्कु, वेतालभट्ट, घटकर्पर, कालिदास, वराहमिहिर, वररुचि च नवरत्नानि विक्रमादित्यस्य सभायाम् आसन्। ("धन्वन्तरि क्षपणकामरसिंह शञ्कु वेतालभट्ट घटकर्पर कालिदासा:। ख्‍यातो वराहमिहिरो नृपते: सभायां रत्नानि वै वररुचिर्नव विक्रमस्‍य।।" इति कथ्‍यन्‍ते।) [[de:Kalidasa]] [[en:Kālidāsa]] [[hi:कालीदास]] [[hu:Kalidásza]] [[it:Kālidāsa]] [[ja:カーリダーサ]] [[ka:კალიდასა]] [[lb:Kalidasa]] [[ml:കാളിദാസന്‍]] [[pt:Kalidasa]] [[sk:Kálidása]] [[sv:Kalidasa]] [[ta:காளிதாசன்]] [[th:กาลิทาส]] 986 6224 2004-10-11T20:22:53Z 130.39.222.122 '''भास:''' प्राचीनकालेन एक: नाट्‌यकार आसीत्‌. [[en:Bhasa]] 987 6225 2004-10-11T20:25:03Z 130.39.222.122 '''अमरु''' प्राचीनकालेन एक: कवि: आसीत्‌. 996 12620 2006-12-12T17:57:25Z Thijs!bot 230 robot Adding: as, bn, bpy, ca, gl, hu, it, ja, ka, ko, lt, nn, no, pl, ro, ru, simple, sr, ta, te, tg, uk '''असाम''' [[भारत]]स्‍य उत्तरपूर्वे प्रान्‍त: अस्‍ति. राजधानी - [[गुवहाटी]] ==सम्‍बन्‍धित-विषया:== ==External links== *http://www.assam.org/content.php?menu=9&page_id=1 *http://fixassam.blogspot.com/ *http://www.beautifulassam.com/ *http://assamgovt.nic.in/profil.htm *http://www.assamchronicle.com/ [[as:অসম]] [[bn:অসম]] [[bpy:অসম]] [[ca:Assam]] [[de:Assam]] [[en:Assam]] [[es:Assam]] [[et:Assam]] [[fi:Assam]] [[fr:Assam]] [[gl:Assam]] [[gu:આસામ]] [[he:אסאם]] [[hi:असम]] [[hu:Asszám]] [[it:Assam]] [[ja:アッサム州]] [[ka:ასამი (შტატი)]] [[ko:아삼 주]] [[lt:Asamas]] [[mr:आसाम]] [[nl:Assam]] [[nn:Assam]] [[no:Assam]] [[pl:Assam]] [[pt:Assam]] [[ro:Assam]] [[ru:Асом]] [[simple:Assam]] [[sr:Асам]] [[sv:Assam]] [[ta:அஸ்ஸாம்]] [[te:అసోం]] [[tg:Ассам]] [[uk:Ассам]] [[zh:阿萨姆邦]] 997 6235 2004-10-06T12:52:57Z 68.155.122.222 '''आन्ध्र प्रदेश''' भारतस्‍य दक्षिणे प्रान्‍त: अस्‍ति. राजधानी - [[भागनगर]] भाषा - [[तेलुगु]] नगरा: - [[विशाखापटनम्‌]], [[विजयवाडा]], [[तिरुपति]], [[वारंगल]] सम्‍बन्‍धित-विषया: 998 6236 2004-09-27T22:04:12Z 130.39.222.122 '''उत्तर प्रदेश''' भारतस्‍य उत्तर भागे स्‍थित:. भारतस्‍य प्रान्‍त: अस्‍ति. ===सम्‍बन्‍धित-विषया:=== राजधानी: [[लखनऊ]] अन्‍य नगरा: *[[अयोध्‍या]] *[[प्रयाग]] *[[काशी]] *[[आगरा]] *[[मेरठ]] *[[गोरखपुर]] *[[कानपुर]] *[[कनखल]] 999 12626 2006-12-12T19:02:43Z Thijs!bot 230 robot Adding: bn, et, fi, gu, he, ja, lt, mr, nn, no, pl, ro, ru, simple, sr, tg Modifying: zh '''उत्तराञ्चल''' भारतस्य उत्तरे स्थित: अस्ति. भारतस्‍य प्रान्‍त: अस्‍ति. भाषा - [[गढवाली]], [[हिन्‍दी]] नगरा: - [[नैनीताल]], [[हरिद्वार]], [[देहरादून]], [[श्रीनगर]], [[ऋषिकेश]] सम्‍बन्‍धित-विषया: [[bn:উত্তরাঞ্চল]] [[de:Uttaranchal]] [[en:Uttaranchal]] [[es:Uttaranchal]] [[et:Uttaranchal]] [[fi:Uttaranchal]] [[fr:Uttaranchal]] [[gu:ઉત્તરાંચલ]] [[he:אוטראנצ'ל]] [[hi:उत्तरांचल]] [[ja:ウッタランチャル州]] [[ka:უტარანჩალი]] [[lt:Utarančalas]] [[mr:उत्तरांचल]] [[nl:Uttaranchal]] [[nn:Uttaranchal]] [[no:Uttaranchal]] [[pl:Uttaranchal]] [[pt:Uttaranchal]] [[ro:Uttaranchal]] [[ru:Уттаранчал]] [[simple:Uttaranchal]] [[sr:Утаранчал]] [[sv:Uttaranchal]] [[ta:உத்தராஞ்சல்]] [[te:ఉత్తరాంచల్]] [[tg:Уттаранчал]] [[zh:北安查尔邦]] 1000 12629 2006-12-12T19:11:32Z Thijs!bot 230 robot Adding: [[ro:Karnataka]] '''कर्णाटक: / ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ:''' भारतस्य दक्षिणे स्थित: अस्ति. राजधानी - बंगलूरु भारतस्‍य प्रान्‍त: अस्‍ति. सम्‍बन्‍धित-विषया: ==External links== * [http://www.123bharath.com/karnataka-india-news Karnataka News] *[http://www.karnataka.com/ Karnataka.com, a portal to information about Karnataka] [[ca:Karnataka]] [[de:Karnataka]] [[dv:ކަރްނާޓަކާ]] [[en:Karnataka]] [[eo:Karnatako]] [[es:Karnataka]] [[et:Karnataka]] [[fi:Karnataka]] [[fr:Karnataka]] [[gu:કર્ણાટક]] [[he:קארנאטקה]] [[hi:कर्नाटक]] [[hu:Karnátaka]] [[id:Karnataka]] [[it:Karnataka]] [[ja:カルナータカ州]] [[ka:კარნატაკა]] [[kn:ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ]] [[lt:Karnataka]] [[ml:കര്‍ണാടക]] [[mr:कर्नाटक]] [[nl:Karnataka]] [[nn:Karnataka]] [[no:Karnataka]] [[pl:Karnataka]] [[pt:Karnataka]] [[ro:Karnataka]] [[ru:Карнатака]] [[simple:Karnataka]] [[sk:Karnátaka]] [[sr:Карнатака]] [[sv:Karnataka]] [[ta:கர்நாடகம்]] [[te:కర్నాటక]] [[tg:Карнотако]] [[zh:卡纳塔克邦]] 1001 12628 2006-12-12T19:09:42Z Thijs!bot 230 robot Adding: [[ro:Kerala]] '''केरलं''' भारतस्य दक्षिणे स्थित: अस्ति. भारतस्‍य प्रान्‍त: अस्‍ति. सम्‍बन्‍धित-विषया: भाषा - [[मलयाळम्‌]] *राजधानी - [[तिरुवनन्तपुरम]] == बाह्य-गवाक्षा: == * [http://www.gods-own-country.info/great.html विख्यात-केरलीय] * [http://www.malayalammp3.tk Kerala's Largest Entertainment Portal] * [http://kerala-info.newkerala.com Kerala Information & Reference] * [http://www.kerala.gov.in The Official Web site of Kerala Government] * [http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/prd2/keralam/ke.htm More Kerala Info from Department of Public Relations] * [http://www.keralatourism.org Kerala Tourism Information] * [http://www.123bharath.com/kerala-india-news/ Kerala News & Current Affairs] * [http://kerala-history.nrksite.com/ केरल-इतिहास:] [[ar:كيرلا]] [[de:Kerala]] [[dv:ކެރެލާ]] [[en:Kerala]] [[eo:Keralao]] [[es:Kerala]] [[et:Kerala]] [[fi:Kerala]] [[fr:Kerala]] [[gu:કેરળ]] [[he:קראלה]] [[hi:केरल]] [[hu:Kerala]] [[id:Kerala]] [[it:Kerala]] [[ja:ケーララ州]] [[ka:კერალა]] [[lt:Kerala]] [[ml:കേരളം]] [[mr:केरळ]] [[nl:Kerala]] [[nn:Kerala]] [[no:Kerala]] [[pl:Kerala (stan w Indiach)]] [[pt:Kerala]] [[ro:Kerala]] [[ru:Керала]] [[simple:Kerala]] [[sr:Керала]] [[sv:Kerala]] [[ta:கேரளம்]] [[te:కేరళ]] [[zh:喀拉拉邦]] 1002 6240 2004-10-06T13:08:53Z 68.155.122.222 '''गुजरात:''' भारतस्य पश्चिमे स्थित: अस्ति. राजधानी -गान्धीनगर भारतस्‍य प्रान्‍त: अस्‍ति. ==सम्‍बन्‍धित-विषया:== [[कर्णावती]] (अमदावाद), [[सूरत]], [[भावनगर]], [[गोधरा]] ==External links== * [http://www.123bharath.com/gujarat-india-news Gujarat News] [[en:Gujarat]] 1003 12659 2006-12-14T09:12:15Z Escarbot 175 robot Adding: an, ar, ast, bn, bs, cs, eu, fa, gl, hi, hr, hu, is, ko, la, lt, mk, ml, nn, simple, sk, ta, tg, tr, ug, vi Removing: sa '''हिमालय'''-पर्वत-शृङ्खला भारतस्य उत्तरे स्थित: अस्ति. [[an:Himalaya]] [[ar:هيمالايا]] [[ast:Himalaya]] [[be:Гімалаі]] [[bg:Хималаи]] [[bn:হিমালয় পর্বতমালা]] [[bs:Himalaji]] [[ca:Himàlaia]] [[cs:Himálaj]] [[da:Himalaya]] [[de:Himalaya]] [[en:Himalayas]] [[eo:Himalajo]] [[es:Himalaya]] [[et:Himaalaja]] [[eu:Himalaia]] [[fa:هیمالیا]] [[fi:Himalaja]] [[fr:Himalaya]] [[gl:Himalaia]] [[he:הימלאיה]] [[hi:हिमालय]] [[hr:Himalaja]] [[hu:Himalája]] [[id:Himalaya]] [[io:Himalaia]] [[is:Himalajafjöll]] [[it:Himalaya]] [[ja:ヒマラヤ山脈]] [[kn:ಹಿಮಾಲಯ]] [[ko:히말라야 산맥]] [[la:Himalaia]] [[lt:Himalajai]] [[mk:Хималаи]] [[ml:ഹിമാലയ പര്‍വ്വതം]] [[ms:Himalaya]] [[ne:हिमालय]] [[nl:Himalaya]] [[nn:Himalaya]] [[no:Himalaya]] [[pl:Himalaje]] [[pt:Himalaia]] [[ru:Гималаи]] [[simple:Himalaya]] [[sk:Himaláje]] [[sl:Himalaja]] [[sr:Хималаји]] [[sv:Himalaya]] [[ta:இமயமலை]] [[tg:Ҳимолой]] [[th:เทือกเขาหิมาลัย]] [[tr:Himalaya Dağları]] [[ug:ھىمالايا تاغ تىزمىسى]] [[uk:Гімалаї]] [[vi:Himalaya]] [[zh:喜马拉雅山脉]] 1004 10530 2006-05-14T04:24:12Z DaGizza 117 stub {{notsanskrit}} '''गोवा''' भारतस्य पश्चिमे स्थित: अस्ति. भारतस्‍य प्रान्‍त: अस्‍ति. The Indian epic Mahabharata refers to Goa by the appellation Goparashtra — a nation of cowherds. The southern Konkan region was called Govarashtra. In ancient Indian texts in Sanskrit, Goa was also known as Gopakapuri or Gapakapattana. These names were also mentioned in the sacred Hindu texts such as the Harivansa and the Skanda. Goa is also known as Gomanchala in the latter. In the Puranas and certain inscriptions, the name of the place appears as Gove, Govapuri, Gopakpattan, and Gomant. Ptolemy, the ancient geographer referred to Goa as Gouba around 200 CE. It has also been known as Aprant. The medieval Arabian geographers knew the port city of Chandor (or Chandrapur) as Sindabur, or Sandabur. The name that the Portuguese as knew Goa is a small ancient port town of what today is known as Goa-Velha. सम्‍बन्‍धित-विषया: {{stub}} [[en:Goa]] 1005 12992 2006-12-19T01:38:14Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[frp:Sri Lanka]] '''श्रीलङ्का''' भारते दक्षिणे स्थित: अस्ति. एष: अन्य नाम सिंहलद्वीप: अस्ति. राजधानी - कोलम्‍बो ===विविध विषया:=== *[[हीनयान]] *[[तमिल]] [[an:Sri Lanka]] [[ar:سريلانكا]] [[az:Şri Lanka]] [[be:Шры Лянка]] [[bg:Шри Ланка]] [[bn:শ্রীলঙ্কা]] [[ca:Sri Lanka]] [[cs:Šrí Lanka]] [[cy:Sri Lanka]] [[da:Sri Lanka]] [[de:Sri Lanka]] [[dv:ސިރީ ލަންކާ]] [[el:Σρι Λάνκα]] [[en:Sri Lanka]] [[eo:Sri-Lanko]] [[es:Sri Lanka]] [[et:Sri Lanka]] [[eu:Sri Lanka]] [[fa:سری لانکا]] [[fi:Sri Lanka]] [[fr:Sri Lanka]] [[frp:Sri Lanka]] [[gd:Sri Lanka]] [[gl:Sri Lanka - Sri Lankā]] [[he:סרי לנקה]] [[hi:श्रीलंका]] [[hr:Šri Lanka]] [[hu:Srí Lanka]] [[hy:Շրի Լանկա]] [[id:Sri Lanka]] [[ilo:Sri Lanka]] [[io:Sri Lanka]] [[is:Srí Lanka]] [[it:Sri Lanka]] [[ja:スリランカ]] [[ka:შრი-ლანკა]] [[kn:ಶ್ರೀಲ೦ಕಾ]] [[ko:스리랑카]] [[ku:Srî Lanka]] [[kw:Shri Lanka]] [[la:Sri Lanca]] [[li:Sri Lanka]] [[lt:Šri Lanka]] [[lv:Šrilanka]] [[ml:ശ്രീലങ്ക]] [[ms:Sri Lanka]] [[nds:Sri Lanka]] [[nl:Sri Lanka]] [[nn:Sri Lanka]] [[no:Sri Lanka]] [[oc:Sri Lanka]] [[os:Шри-Ланка]] [[pl:Sri Lanka]] [[ps:سريلانکا]] [[pt:Sri Lanka]] [[ro:Sri Lanka]] [[ru:Шри-Ланка]] [[scn:Sri Lanka]] [[sh:Šri Lanka]] [[si:ශ්‍රී ලංකාව]] [[simple:Sri Lanka]] [[sk:Srí Lanka]] [[sl:Šrilanka]] [[sq:Shiri Lanka]] [[sr:Шри Ланка]] [[sv:Sri Lanka]] [[ta:இலங்கை]] [[tg:Шри-Ланка]] [[th:ประเทศศรีลังกา]] [[tl:Sri Lanka]] [[tr:Sri Lanka]] [[ug:سرى لانكا]] [[uk:Шрі-Ланка]] [[vi:Sri Lanka]] [[zh:斯里蘭卡]] [[zh-min-nan:Sri Lanka]] 1006 10630 2006-06-11T05:20:47Z DaGizza 117 +cat '''चंडीगढ़''' (ਚੰਡੀਗੜ੍ਹ) भारतस्‍य नगर प्रान्‍त: अस्‍ति | पंजाब एवं हरियाणा प्रदेशस्‍य राजधानी अस्‍ति | सम्‍बन्‍धित-विषया: ==External links== *[http://chandigarh.nic.in/ चंडीगढ़] *http://www.pals.org/pec/chandigarh/chandigarh.html {{stub}} [[Category:नागरानि]] [[en:Chandigarh]] 1007 12617 2006-12-12T17:53:19Z Thijs!bot 230 robot Adding: [[bpy:ছত্রিসগড়]], [[ja:チャッティースガル州]], [[ro:Chhattisgarh]] '''छत्तीसगढ़''' भारतस्‍य मध्‍यखण्‍डे प्रान्‍त: अस्‍ति. राजधानी - [[रायपुर]] भाषा - [[हिन्‍दी]] सम्‍बन्‍धित-विषया: == बाह्‌य == *[http://www.chhattisgarh.nic.in छत्तीसगढ़ शासन जालपृष्‍ठ] छत्तीसगढ़ के मुख्य पत्रकार रुचिर गर्ग, आलोक प्रकाश पुतुल, जी मंजूसाईनाथ, रमेश नैय्यर, दिवाकर मुक्तिबोध, सुनील कुमार, बबन मिश्र, गोपाल वोरा, ललित सुरजन [[bpy:ছত্রিসগড়]] [[de:Chhattisgarh]] [[en:Chhattisgarh]] [[es:Chhattisgarh]] [[et:Chhattisgarh]] [[fi:Chhattisgarh]] [[fr:Chhattisgarh]] [[gu:છત્તીસગઢ]] [[he:צ'האטיסגאר]] [[hi:छत्तीसगढ़]] [[hu:Cshattíszgarh]] [[ja:チャッティースガル州]] [[ka:ჩხატისგარჰი]] [[lt:Čatisgarchas]] [[mr:छत्तीसगढ]] [[nl:Chhattisgarh]] [[nn:Chhattisgarh]] [[no:Chhattisgarh]] [[pl:Chhattisgarh]] [[pt:Chhattisgarh]] [[ro:Chhattisgarh]] [[ru:Чхаттисгарх]] [[simple:Chhattisgarh]] [[sr:Чатисгар]] [[sv:Chhattisgarh]] [[ta:சத்தீஸ்கர்]] [[te:ఛత్తీస్‌గఢ్]] [[tg:Чҳаттӣсгар]] [[zh:恰蒂斯加尔邦]] 1008 12761 2006-12-17T12:25:36Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[bn:ঝাড়খণ্ড]] '''झारखंड ''' भारतस्‍य मध्‍यपूर्वे प्रान्‍त: अस्‍ति. राजधानी - [[रांची]] सम्‍बन्‍धित-विषया: == External link== * [http://jharkhand.nic.in राज शासन जालपृष्‍ठ] * [http://www.ranchi.net Jharkhand News and clippings related to Ranchi] [[bn:ঝাড়খণ্ড]] [[da:Jharkhand]] [[de:Jharkhand]] [[en:Jharkhand]] [[es:Jharkhand]] [[fi:Jharkhand]] [[fr:Jharkhand]] [[gu:ઝારખંડ]] [[hi:झारखंड]] [[ja:ジャールカンド州]] [[kn:ಝಾರ್ಖಂಡ್]] [[lt:Džarkhandas]] [[mr:झारखंड]] [[nl:Jharkhand]] [[nn:Jharkhand]] [[no:Jharkhand]] [[pl:Jharkhand]] [[pt:Jharkhand]] [[ro:Jharkhand]] [[ru:Джаркханд]] [[simple:Jharkhand]] [[sv:Jharkhand]] [[ta:ஜார்க்கண்ட்]] [[tg:Ҷарханд]] [[zh:贾坎德邦]] 1009 10986 2006-08-09T18:31:21Z Robbot 71 robot Adding: bg, de, es, fi, gu, he, hi, hu, ja, ko, lv, nds, nl, pl, pt, ro, ru, simple, sk, sv, ta, ur, zh '''दिल्ली''' अथवा '''देहली''' भारतस्य राजधानी क्षेत्र अस्ति. भारतस्‍य प्रान्‍त: अस्‍ति. सम्‍बन्‍धित-विषया: ==बाह्‌य== *[http://delhigovt.nic.in/newdelhi/index.html राज शासन जालपृष्‍ठ] [[bg:Делхи]] [[de:Delhi (Stadt)]] [[en:Delhi]] [[es:Delhi]] [[fi:Delhi]] [[gu:દિલ્હી]] [[he:דלהי]] [[hi:दिल्ली]] [[hu:Delhi]] [[ja:デリー]] [[ko:델리]] [[lv:Deli]] [[nds:Delhi]] [[nl:Delhi (stad)]] [[pl:Delhi]] [[pt:Deli]] [[ro:Delhi]] [[ru:Дели]] [[simple:Delhi]] [[sk:Dillí]] [[sv:Delhi]] [[ta:தில்லி]] [[ur:دلی]] [[zh:德里]] 1010 6248 2004-10-06T13:36:06Z 68.155.122.222 '''पश्चिम बंगाल (পশ্চিম বঙ্গ)''' भारतस्‍य पूर्वे प्रान्‍त: अस्‍ति. राजधानी - [[कालिकाता]] सम्‍बन्‍धित-विषया: ==External links== *[http://www.westbengal.gov.in/ Official website of Government of West Bengal] *[http://mapsofindia.com/maps/westbengal/westbengallocation.htm Map of India showing location of West Bengal] *[http://mapsofindia.com/maps/westbengal/h3s3202.htm District map of West Bengal] *[http://mapsofindia.com/maps/westbengal/h3s3205.htm Railway map] * [http://www.123bharath.com/westbengal-india-news West Bengal News] [[en:West Bengal]] 1011 12624 2006-12-12T19:00:43Z Thijs!bot 230 robot Adding: [[ro:Bihar]] '''बिहार''' भारतस्‍य पूर्वे प्रान्‍त: अस्‍ति. ==सम्‍बन्‍धित-विषया:== *राजधानी -- [[पटना]] (पाटलिपुत्र). [[bh:बिहार]] [[bn:বিহার]] [[bpy:বিহার]] [[da:Bihar]] [[de:Bihar]] [[en:Bihar]] [[eo:Biharo]] [[es:Bihar]] [[et:Bihar]] [[fi:Bihar]] [[fr:Bihar]] [[gl:Bihar]] [[gu:બિહાર]] [[he:ביהר]] [[hi:बिहार]] [[hu:Bihár]] [[id:Bihar]] [[it:Bihar (India)]] [[ja:ビハール州]] [[ka:ბიჰარი]] [[kn:ಬಿಹಾರ]] [[lt:Biharas]] [[mr:बिहार]] [[nl:Bihar]] [[nn:Bihar]] [[no:Bihar (India)]] [[pl:Bihar]] [[pt:Bihar]] [[ro:Bihar]] [[ru:Бихар]] [[simple:Bihar]] [[sr:Бихар]] [[sv:Bihar]] [[ta:பீகார்]] [[te:బీహార్]] [[tg:Бӣҳор]] [[zh:比哈尔邦]] 1012 6250 2004-10-06T13:40:02Z 68.155.122.222 '''मध्य प्रदेश''' भारतस्‍य मध्‍यखण्‍डे प्रान्‍त: अस्‍ति. सम्‍बन्‍धित-विषया: *राजधानी -- [[भोपाल]] ==External Links== * http://www.mp.nic.in/ MP Portal * http://www.mpgovt.nic.in/ Govt. of MP * http://www.mptourism.com/ MP Tourism [[en:Madhya Pradesh]] 1013 12625 2006-12-12T19:02:05Z Thijs!bot 230 robot Adding: [[ro:Maharashtra]] '''महाराष्ट्र ''' भारतस्‍य पश्‍चिमे प्रान्‍त: अस्‍ति. नगरा: - [[नागपुर]], [[पुणे]], [[शोलापुर]] सम्‍बन्‍धित-विषया: * राजधानी -- [[मुम्बई]] [[ar:ماهاراشترا]] [[da:Maharashtra]] [[de:Maharashtra]] [[en:Maharashtra]] [[eo:Maharaŝtro]] [[es:Maharashtra]] [[et:Maharashtra]] [[fi:Maharashtra]] [[fr:Maharashtra]] [[gu:મહારાષ્ટ્ર]] [[he:מהרשטרה]] [[hi:महाराष्ट्र]] [[id:Maharashtra]] [[it:Maharashtra]] [[ja:マハラシュトラ州]] [[ka:მაჰარაშტრა]] [[kn:ಮಹಾರಾಷ್ಟ್ರ]] [[lt:Maharaštra]] [[mr:महाराष्ट्र]] [[nl:Maharashtra]] [[nn:Maharashtra]] [[no:Maharashtra]] [[pl:Maharashtra]] [[pt:Maharashtra]] [[ro:Maharashtra]] [[ru:Махараштра]] [[simple:Maharashtra]] [[sr:Махараштра]] [[sv:Maharashtra]] [[ta:மகாராஷ்டிரம்]] [[te:మహారాష్ట్ర]] [[tg:Маҳороштра]] [[uk:Махараштра]] [[zh:马哈拉施特拉邦]] 1014 12638 2006-12-13T09:25:10Z श्याम 234 Add multilingual links '''राजस्थान''' भारतस्‍य प्रान्‍त: अस्‍ति. सम्‍बन्‍धित-विषया: *राजधानी -- [[जयपुर]] अन्‍य नगरा: *[[उदयपुर]] *[[बीकानेर]] *[[कोटा]] *[[चित्तौड]] *[[जोधपुर]] *[[जैसलमेर]] [[en:Rajasthan]] [[hi:राजस्थान]] 1015 6253 2004-10-06T13:59:48Z 68.155.122.222 '''हिमाचल प्रदेश''' भारतस्‍य उत्तरे प्रान्‍त: अस्‍ति. सम्‍बन्‍धित-विषया: *राजधानी -- [[शिमला]] Districts Kangra Hamirpur Mandi Bilaspur Una Chamba Lahul and Spiti Sirmaur Kinnaur Kullu Solan Shimla [[en:Himachal Pradesh]] 1016 12702 2006-12-16T00:57:09Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: ca, da, he, ml, pl, ru, sl, ta Modifying: hi, id, pt, te '''अंडमान और निकोबार द्वीप''' भारतस्‍य प्रान्‍त: अस्‍ति. सम्‍बन्‍धित-विषया: *राजधानी -- [[पोर्ट ब्लेर]] [[ca:Illes Andaman i Nicobar]] [[da:Andamanerne og Nicobarerne]] [[de:Andamanen und Nikobaren]] [[en:Andaman and Nicobar Islands]] [[es:Islas Andamán y Nicobar]] [[et:Andamanid ja Nicobarid]] [[fi:Andamaanit ja Nikobaarit]] [[fr:Andaman et Nicobar]] [[gu:અંદામાન અને નિકોબાર દ્વીપસમૂહ]] [[he:איי אנדמן וניקובר]] [[hi:अंडमान और नोकोबार द्वीप समूह]] [[id:Kepulauan Andaman dan Nicobar]] [[ja:アンダマン・ニコバル諸島]] [[ka:ანდამანის და ნიკობარის კუნძულები]] [[ml:ആന്തമാന്‍ നിക്കോബാര്‍ ദ്വീപുകള്‍]] [[nl:Andamanen en Nicobaren]] [[nn:Andamanøyane og Nikobarane]] [[no:Andamanene og Nikobarene]] [[pl:Andamany i Nikobary]] [[pt:Andamão e Nicobar]] [[ru:Андаманские и Никобарские острова]] [[simple:Andaman and Nicobar Islands]] [[sl:Andamanski in Nikobarski otoki]] [[sv:Andamanerna och Nikobarerna]] [[ta:அந்தமான் நிக்கோபார் தீவுகள்]] [[te:అండమాన్ నికోబార్ దీవులు]] [[uk:Андаманські і Нікобарські острови]] [[zh:安达曼-尼科巴群岛]] 1017 12618 2006-12-12T17:53:57Z Thijs!bot 230 robot Adding: bn, bpy, fi, he, lt, ml, mr, nn, ro, ru, simple, sr, tg, uk Modifying: pl '''अरुणाचल प्रदेश''' भारतस्‍य प्रान्‍त: अस्‍ति. सम्‍बन्‍धित-विषया: *राजधानी -- [[इटानगर]] [[bn:অরুনাচল প্রদেশ]] [[bpy:অরুণাচল প্রদেশ]] [[de:Arunachal Pradesh]] [[en:Arunachal Pradesh]] [[eo:Arunaĉal-Pradeŝo]] [[es:Arunachal Pradesh]] [[et:Arunachal Pradesh]] [[fi:Arunachal Pradesh]] [[fr:Arunachal Pradesh]] [[gu:અરુણાચલ પ્રદેશ]] [[he:ארונצ'אל פראדש]] [[hi:अरुणाचल प्रदेश]] [[ja:アルナーチャル・プラデーシュ州]] [[ka:არუნაჩალ-პრადეში]] [[lt:Arunačal Pradešas]] [[ml:അരുണാചല്‍ പ്രദേശ്]] [[mr:अरुणाचल प्रदेश]] [[nl:Arunachal Pradesh]] [[nn:Arunachal Pradesh]] [[pl:Arunachal Pradesh]] [[pt:Arunachal Pradesh]] [[ro:Arunachal Pradesh]] [[ru:Аруначал-Прадеш]] [[simple:Arunachal Pradesh]] [[sr:Аруначал Прадеш]] [[sv:Arunachal Pradesh]] [[ta:அருணாசலப் பிரதேசம்]] [[te:అరుణాచల్ ప్రదేశ్]] [[tg:Оруночол Прадиш]] [[uk:Аруначал-Прадеш]] [[zh:阿鲁纳恰尔邦]] 1018 12631 2006-12-12T19:14:07Z Thijs!bot 230 robot Adding: bn, bpy, ca, fi, gl, gu, he, it, ja, kn, lt, nn, ro, ru, simple, sr, ta, te, tg Modifying: pl '''उड़ीसा''' भारतस्‍य पूर्वे प्रान्‍त: अस्‍ति. सम्‍बन्‍धित-विषया: भाषा - [[ओडिया]] नगरा: - [[कटक]] *राजधानी -- [[भुवनेश्वर]] [[bn:ওড়িশা]] [[bpy:ওড়িশা]] [[ca:Orissa]] [[de:Orissa]] [[en:Orissa]] [[es:Orissa]] [[et:Orissa]] [[fi:Orissa]] [[fr:Orissa]] [[gl:Orissa]] [[gu:ઓરિસ્સા]] [[he:אוריסה]] [[hi:उड़ीसा]] [[it:Orissa]] [[ja:オリッサ州]] [[ka:ორისა]] [[kn:ಒರಿಸ್ಸಾ]] [[lt:Orisa]] [[mr:ओरिसा]] [[nl:Orissa]] [[nn:Orissa]] [[no:Orissa]] [[pl:Orisa]] [[pt:Orissa]] [[ro:Orissa]] [[ru:Орисса]] [[simple:Orissa]] [[sr:Ориса]] [[sv:Orissa]] [[ta:ஒரிசா]] [[te:ఒరిస్సా]] [[tg:Орисса]] [[uk:Орісса]] [[zh:奥里萨邦]] 1019 6257 2004-09-26T17:25:22Z 65.0.107.235 '''जम्मू-कश्मीर''' भारतस्‍य प्रान्‍तं अस्‍ति. *राजधानी -- [[श्रीनगर]] अन्‍य नगरा: *[[अनन्‍तनाग]] *[[वराहमूल]] *[[कुकरनाग]] *[[पाम्‍पोर]] *[[जम्मू]] *[[कश्मीर]] ==सम्‍बन्‍धित-विषया:== 1020 13064 2006-12-22T21:33:35Z Escarbot 175 robot Adding: [[eo:Tamilnado]] '''तमिलनाडु (தமிழ்நாடு)''' भारतस्‍य दक्षिणे प्रान्‍त: अस्‍ति. सम्‍बन्‍धित-विषया: *राजधानी -- [[चेन्नै]] ==External links== * [http://www.tn.gov.in/ Tamil Nadu Government] - Official home page * [http://tnmaps.tn.nic.in/ Tamil Nadu Maps] - Government website for maps * [http://www.tamilnadutourism.org/ Tamil Nadu Tourism] - Government tourism site * [http://www.tidco.com/ TIDCO] - Economic Window by the Tamil Nadu Government * [http://hdrc.undp.org.in/shdr/Synopsis/TN.pdf] - UN report on Human Development in Tamil Nadu * [http://www.cs.utk.edu/~siddhart/tamilnadu/ Tamil Nadu Home Page] - Site with some details about Tamil Nadu [[bn:তামিল নাড়ু]] [[ca:Tamil Nadu]] [[da:Tamil Nadu]] [[de:Tamil Nadu]] [[dv:ޓެމިލް ނާޑޫ]] [[en:Tamil Nadu]] [[eo:Tamilnado]] [[es:Tamil Nadu]] [[et:Tamil Nadu]] [[fi:Tamil Nadu]] [[fr:Tamil Nadu]] [[gu:તમિલનાડૂ]] [[he:טאמיל נאדו]] [[hi:तमिल नाडु]] [[hu:Tamilnádu]] [[id:Tamil Nadu]] [[it:Tamil Nadu]] [[ja:タミル・ナードゥ州]] [[ka:ტამილნადუ]] [[kn:ತಮಿಳುನಾಡು]] [[ks:तमिलनाडु]] [[lt:Tamilnadas]] [[mr:तामीळनाडू]] [[nl:Tamil Nadu]] [[nn:Tamil Nadu]] [[no:Tamil Nadu]] [[pl:Tamil Nadu]] [[pt:Tamil Nadu]] [[ro:Tamil Nadu]] [[ru:Тамилнад]] [[simple:Tamil Nadu]] [[sr:Тамил Наду]] [[sv:Tamil Nadu]] [[ta:தமிழ்நாடு]] [[te:తమిళనాడు]] [[tg:Тамӣлноду]] [[zh:泰米尔纳德邦]] 1021 6259 2004-09-26T17:26:11Z 65.0.107.235 '''त्रिपुरा''' भारतस्‍य प्रान्‍त: अस्‍ति. सम्‍बन्‍धित-विषया: *[[अगरतला]] 1022 6260 2004-07-09T01:38:05Z 65.0.101.144 '''दमन और दियू''' *[[दमन]] 1023 12599 2006-12-11T07:37:34Z Escarbot 175 robot Adding: [[ja:ダドラ及びナガル・アベリ連邦直轄地域]] '''दादर और नगर हवेली''' *[[सिलवासा]] [[ca:Dadra i Nagar Haveli]] [[cs:Dadra a Nagar Haveli]] [[de:Dadra und Nagar Haveli]] [[en:Dadra and Nagar Haveli]] [[eo:Dadro kaj Nagar-Havelio]] [[es:Dadra y Nagar Haveli]] [[et:Dadra ja Nagar Haveli]] [[fi:Dadra ja Nagar Haveli]] [[fr:Dadra et Nagar Haveli]] [[gl:Dadra e Nagar Haveli]] [[gu:દાદરા અને નગર હવેલી]] [[ja:ダドラ及びナガル・アベリ連邦直轄地域]] [[ka:დადრა და ნაგარ-ჰაველი]] [[ks:دادرا تٔ نگر ہوےلی]] [[nl:Dadra en Nagar Haveli]] [[nn:Dadra og Nagar Haveli]] [[pl:Dadra i Nagarhaweli]] [[pt:Dadrá e Nagar-Aveli]] [[ru:Дадра и Нагар-Хавели]] [[simple:Dadra and Nagar Haveli]] [[sr:Дадра и Нагар Хавели]] [[sv:Dadra and Nagar Haveli]] [[te:దాద్రా నగరు హవేలీ]] [[zh:达德拉-纳加尔哈维利]] 1024 6262 2004-07-09T01:40:10Z 65.0.101.144 '''नागालैंड''' *[[कोहिमा]] 1026 10304 2006-03-14T22:00:28Z 86.11.236.68 '''पंजाब''' ('''ਪੰਜਾਬ''') भारतस्‍य प्रान्‍त: अस्‍ति. सम्‍बन्‍धित-विषया: *राजधानी -- [[चंडीगढ़]] (ਚੰਡੀਗੜ੍ਹ) अन्‍य नगरा: *[[अमृतसर]] *[[पटियाला]] *[[जालन्‍धर]] *[[होशियारपुर]] *[[पठानकोट]] *[[जीन्‍द]] *[[लुधियाना]] *[[फीरोजपुर]] *[[कपूरथला]] 1027 6264 2004-10-06T13:48:46Z 68.155.122.222 '''पाण्डीचेरी''' भारतस्‍य प्रान्‍त: अस्‍ति. Famous people who have lived in Pondicherry include Subrahmanya Bharati and Aurobindo. सम्‍बन्‍धित-विषया: [[en:Pondicherry]] 1028 6265 2004-09-26T17:28:14Z 65.0.107.235 '''मणिपुर''' भारतस्‍य प्रान्‍त: अस्‍ति. सम्‍बन्‍धित-विषया: *राजधानी - [[इम्फाल]] 1029 6266 2004-10-06T13:50:39Z 68.155.122.222 '''मिज़ोरम''' भारतस्‍य प्रान्‍त: अस्‍ति. सम्‍बन्‍धित-विषया: *[[ऐज़ौल]] ==External link== *http://mizoram.nic.in/ - Government of Mizoram Website [[en:Mizoram]] 1030 6267 2004-09-26T17:29:57Z 65.0.107.235 '''लक्षद्वीप''' भारतस्‍य प्रान्‍त: अस्‍ति. सम्‍बन्‍धित-विषया: *[[कवरत्ती]] 1031 12632 2006-12-12T19:15:58Z Thijs!bot 230 robot Adding: bn, ca, gu, id, it, kn, mr, no, ro, ru, sr, tg, tr, uk Modifying: ko, zh '''सिक्किम''' भारतस्‍य उत्तरे प्रान्‍त: अस्‍ति. सम्‍बन्‍धित-विषया: *[[गंगटोक]] ==बाह्‌य== * [http://www.censusindia.net/profiles/sik.html Details of the census] * [http://sikkim.nic.in/ राज शासन जालपृष्‍ठ] * [http://64.233.179.104/search?q=cache:Yg8HGFmXkToJ:www.sikkiminfo.net/cm.htm+sikkim+chief+minister&hl=en Chief Ministers of Sikkim] [[bn:সিকিম]] [[ca:Sikkim]] [[da:Sikkim]] [[de:Sikkim]] [[en:Sikkim]] [[es:Sikkim]] [[et:Sikkim]] [[fi:Sikkim]] [[fr:Sikkim]] [[gl:Sikkim]] [[gu:સિક્કિમ]] [[he:סיקים]] [[hi:सिक्किम]] [[id:Sikkim]] [[it:Sikkim]] [[ja:シッキム州]] [[ka:სიკიმი]] [[kn:ಸಿಕ್ಕಿಂ]] [[ko:시킴 주]] [[lt:Sikimas]] [[mr:सिक्किम]] [[nl:Sikkim]] [[nn:Sikkim]] [[no:Sikkim]] [[pl:Sikkim]] [[pt:Sikkim]] [[ro:Sikkim]] [[ru:Сикким]] [[simple:Sikkim]] [[sr:Сиким]] [[sv:Sikkim]] [[ta:சிக்கிம்]] [[te:సిక్కిం]] [[tg:Сикким]] [[tr:Sikkim]] [[uk:Сіккім]] [[zh:锡金邦]] 1032 12619 2006-12-12T17:56:39Z Thijs!bot 230 robot Adding: bpy, ca, de, eo, es, et, fi, fr, gl, gu, he, hi, hu, ja, ka, lt, ml, mr, nl, nn, no, pl, pt, ro, ru, simple, sr, sv, ta, te, tg, zh '''हरियाणा''' भारतस्‍य उत्तरे प्रान्‍त: अस्‍ति. *राजधानी - [[चंडीगढ़]] ==सम्‍बन्‍धित-विषया:== == External links == * [http://www.haryana-online.com Haryana Online] ** [http://haryana-online.com/History/history.htm History of Haryana] ** [http://haryana-online.com/People/people.htm People of Haryana] ** [http://haryana-online.com/Culture/culture.htm Culture of Haryana] ** [http://haryana-online.com/Fauna/haryana_birds.htm Birds of Haryana] * [http://haryana.nic.in Haryana Government Website] [[bpy:হরিয়ানা]] [[ca:Haryana]] [[de:Haryana]] [[en:Haryana]] [[eo:Harjano]] [[es:Haryana]] [[et:Haryana]] [[fi:Haryana]] [[fr:Haryana]] [[gl:Haryana]] [[gu:હરિયાણા]] [[he:הריאנה]] [[hi:हरियाणा]] [[hu:Harijána]] [[ja:ハリヤーナー州]] [[ka:ჰარიანა]] [[lt:Harjana]] [[ml:ഹരിയാന]] [[mr:हरियाणा]] [[nl:Haryana]] [[nn:Haryana]] [[no:Haryana]] [[pl:Haryana]] [[pt:Haryana]] [[ro:Haryana]] [[ru:Харьяна]] [[simple:Haryana]] [[sr:Харајана]] [[sv:Haryana]] [[ta:ஹரியானா]] [[te:హర్యానా]] [[tg:Ҳарияна]] [[zh:哈里亚纳邦]] 1033 13045 2006-12-20T14:21:56Z Thijs!bot 230 robot Modifying: [[ru:Калькутта]] '''कलकाता''' (কলকাতা) पश्चिम बंगाल (পশ্চিম বঙ্গ ) प्रदेशस्य राजधानी अस्ति. == जालगवाक्ष: == * [http://www.bengalonthenet.com Bengalonthenet.com] * [http://www.bengalweb.com Bengalweb.com] * [http://www.westbengal.com/calcutta Westbengal.com] * [http://www.calcuttaweb.com Calcuttaweb.com] * [http://www.thestatesman.net The Statesman] * [http://www.telegraphindia.com The Telegraph] * [http://www.kolkatabeckons.com Kolkata Beckons] * [http://www.banglalive.com Banglalive.com] * [http://www.kolkatabazar.info kolkatabazar.info] [[bg:Калкута]] [[bn:কলকাতা]] [[bo:ཀ་ལི་ཀུ་ཏ]] [[ca:Calcuta]] [[cy:Calcutta]] [[da:Calcutta]] [[de:Kolkata]] [[en:Kolkata]] [[eo:Kalkato]] [[es:Calcuta]] [[fi:Kolkata]] [[fr:Kolkata]] [[gl:Calcuta - কলকাতা]] [[he:קולקטה]] [[hi:कोलकाता]] [[hr:Calcutta]] [[id:Kolkata]] [[io:Kalkuta]] [[it:Calcutta]] [[ja:コルカタ]] [[ka:კალკუტა]] [[ko:콜카타]] [[lt:Kalkuta]] [[lv:Kolkata]] [[nl:Calcutta]] [[nn:Kolkata]] [[no:Calcutta]] [[pl:Kalkuta]] [[pt:Calcutá]] [[ro:Calcuta]] [[ru:Калькутта]] [[scn:Calcutta]] [[simple:Kolkata]] [[sk:Kalkata]] [[sr:Колката]] [[sv:Calcutta]] [[ta:கொல்கத்தா]] [[vi:Kolkata]] [[zh:加尔各答]] 1034 6271 2004-10-13T17:36:35Z 130.39.222.122 #REDIRECT [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] 1035 6272 2004-10-26T03:16:49Z 65.0.105.34 '''पाकिस्‍तान (&#1662;&#1575;&#1705;&#1587;&#1578;&#1575;&#1606;)''' एशिया महाद्वीपे एक: देश: अस्‍ति. जनसंख्‍या - १५० मिलियन. राजधानी - [[इस्‍लामाबाद]]. अन्‍य नगरा: - [[लाहोर]], [[कराची]], [[पेशावर]], [[क्‍वेट्‍टा]], [[मुलतान]] <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px"> <caption><font size="+1">'''&#1575;&#1587;&#1604;&#1575;&#1605;&#1740; &#1580;&#1605;&#1729;&#1608;&#1585;&#1740;&#1578; &#1662;&#1575;&#1705;&#1587;&#1578;&#1575;&#1606;<br>इस्‍लामी जमहूरियत पाकिस्‍तान'''</font></caption> <tr><td style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2> <table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> <tr><td align="center" width="140px">[[Image:Pakistan flag large.png|125px|]]</td> <td align="center" width="140px">[[Image:pakarms22.PNG]]</td></tr> <tr><td align="center" width="140px">([[Flag of Pakistan|In Detail]])</td> <td align="center" width="140px">([[National Emblem of Pakistan|In Detail]])</td></tr> </table></td></tr> <tr><td align="center" colspan=2 style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;"><font size="-1">''National [[motto]]: ईमान, इत्तेहाद, तन्‍जीम <br>''</font></td></tr> <tr><td align=center colspan=2>[[image:LocationPakistan.png]]</td></tr> <tr><td>Official [[language]]s </td><td>[[Urdu]]</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Capital]] </td><td>[[इस्‍लामाबाद]]</td></tr> <tr><td>Largest City <td>[[कराची]] <tr><td>[[President of Pakistan|President]] </td><td>[[Pervez Musharraf]]</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Prime Minister]] </td><td>[[Shaukat Aziz]]</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Area]]<br>&nbsp;- Total <br>&nbsp;- % water</td><td>[[List of countries by area|Ranked 34th]] <br> 803,940 [[square kilometre|km&sup2;]] <br> 3.1%</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Population]]<br>&nbsp;- Total ([[2003]])<br>&nbsp;- [[Population_density|Density]]</td><td>[[List of countries by population|Ranked 6th]]<br> 150,694,740<br> 188/km&sup2; </td></tr> <tr><td>[[Independence]]</td><td>[[August 14]], [[1947]] (from the [[United Kingdom|UK]])</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Republic]]</td><td>[[March 23]], [[1956]]</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Currency]] </td><td>[[Pakistani Rupee]]s (PKR)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Time zone]] </td><td>[[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] +5</td></tr> <tr><td>[[National anthem]] </td><td>[[पाक सरजमीन शाद बाद]]</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Top-level domain|Internet TLD]]</td><td>.PK</td></tr> <tr><td>[[List_of_country_calling_codes|Calling Code]]</td><td>92</td></tr> </table> ==नाम== == इतिहास == The country that is now Pakistan was part of India till [[August 14]], [[1947]]. The first proponents of independent Muslim nation began to appear during the times of [[British colonial India]]. Among the first of these proponents was the writer/philosopher [[Allama Iqbal]], who felt that a separate nation for Muslims was essential in an otherwise [[Hindu]]-dominated subcontinent. The cause found a leader in [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]], who became known as [[Father of the Nation]] and eventually persuaded the British to partition the region into Muslim-majority Pakistan, and Hindu-majority India. From August 14, 1947, until [[1971]], the nation consisted of [[West Pakistan]] and [[East Pakistan]], separated from one another by India. In 1971, East Pakistan rebelled, and with the aid of Indian troops became the independent state of [[Bangladesh]]. Since independence, Pakistan has also been in constant dispute with India over the territory of [[Kashmir]]. Almost immediately after independence, India and Pakistan went to war over the state following invasion of [[Jammu and Kashmir]] by Pakistani "tribals", and later wars were fought in [[1965]] and 1971 over the territory. Despite the numerous battles India and Pakistan fought, the status of the state remained in limbo. The Kashmir dispute has complicated relations between Pakistan and India. Pakistan has also had a dispute - relatively dormant since the [[Cold War]] ended after the withdrawal of [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] forces - with Afghanistan over the [[Durand Line]]. Since the US invasion of Afghanistan, the viability of the Durand Line is of much greater concern to global security. Pakistani political history is divided into alternating periods of military dictatorship and democratic civilian/parliamentary rule. Although dominion status was ended in [[1956]] with the formation of a [[Constitution of Pakistan|Constitution]] and a declaration of Pakistan as an [[Islam]]ic Republic, the military took control in [[1958]] and held power for more than 10 years. Civilian rule returned after the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]], but was interrupted in the late [[1970s]], with the execution of [[Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto]], who was convicted of murdering a political opponent in a controversial split decision by Pakistan's [[Supreme Court of Pakistan|Supreme Court]]. === Recent Political History === In October [[1999]], General [[Pervez Musharraf]] overthrew the civilian government Prime Minister [[Nawaz Sharif]]. Musharraf assumed executive authority. Local government elections were held in [[2000]]. Musharraf declared himself president in [[2001]]. An April 2002 national referendum approved Musharraf role as president, but the vote was tainted by allegations of rigging, and the opposition stridently questioned the legitimacy of Musharraf's presidency until his [[Electoral College of Pakistan|electoral college]] victory in January 2004. Nation-wide parliamentary elections were held in 2002 with [[Zafarullah Khan Jamali]] of the [[Pakistan Muslim League]] party emerging as [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Prime Minister]]. After over a year of political wrangling in the bicameral legislature, Musharraf struck a compromise with some of his Parliamentary opponents, giving his supporters the two-thirds majority vote required to [[Seventeenth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan|amend]] the [[Constitution of Pakistan|constitution]] in December 2003, retroactively legalizing his 1999 coup and permitting him to remain president if he met certain conditions. A parliamentary [[Electoral College of Pakistan|electoral college]] - consisting of the National Assembly and Senate and the provincial assemblies - gave Musharraf a vote of confidence[http://www.dawn.com/2004/01/02/top1.htm] on [[January 1]], [[2004]], thereby legitimizing his presidency until 2007. Prime Minister Jamali resigned on [[June 26]], [[2004]]. [[Pakistan Muslim League|PML]]-Q leader [[Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain]] became interim PM, and was succeeded by Finance minister and former Citibank VP [[Shaukat Aziz]], who became Prime Minister on August 28, 2004. ==Subdivisions== Pakistan has 4 provinces, 2 territories, and also administers parts of [[Kashmir]]. The provinces are further subdivided into a total of 105 districts. * [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Balochistan]] * [[North West Frontier Province, Pakistan|North-West Frontier Province]] * [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] * [[Sindh]] * [[Islamabad Capital Territory]] * [[Federally Administered Tribal Areas, Pakistan|Federally Administered Tribal Areas]] * [[Azad Kashmir]] (''Azad'' means "free" in [[Urdu]]) * [[Northern Areas, Pakistan|Northern Areas]] Azad Kashmir has its own democratic government where Azad-Kashmiris elect their own president and prime minister to run the state. It is more or less an independent state within Pakistan. == Geography == Pakistan has a total area of 803,940 square kilometers, slightly greater than [[France]] and the [[United Kingdom]] put together. Pakistan is located in [[South Asia]]. To the south is the [[Arabian Sea]], with 1,046 km of Pakistani coastline. To Pakistan's east is India, which has a 2,912 km border with Pakistan. To its west is Iran, which has a 909 km border with Pakistan. To Pakistan's northwest lies Afghanistan, with a shared border of 2,430 km. China is towards the northeast and has a 523 km border with Pakistan. The main waterway of Pakistan is the [[Indus River]] that begins in China, and runs nearly the entire length of Pakistan, flowing through all of Pakistan's provinces except [[Baluchistan]]. Several major rivers, interconnected by the world's largest system of agricultural canals, join the Indus before it discharges into the Arabian Sea. The northern and western areas of Pakistan are mountainous. Pakistani administered areas of Kashmir contain some of the highest mountains in the world, including the second tallest, [[K-2]]. Northern Pakistan tends to receive more rainfall than the southern parts of the country, and has some areas of preserved moist temperate forest. In the southeast, Pakistan's border with India passes through a flat desert, called the Cholistan or Thal Desert. West-central Baluchistan has a high desert plateau, bordered by low mountain ranges. Most of the Punjab, and parts of Sindh, are fertile plains where agriculture is of great importance. == Demographics == Pakistan has the world's sixth largest population. This, coupled with a high growth rate, means that Pakistan is expected to overtake other nations in population in the near future, and may become the third-most populous nation by [[2050]] if population-control measures fail. The majority of the people of Pakistan are [[Sunni]] [[Muslim]], with a sizeable minority of [[Shiite]] Muslims. A small minority of non-Muslims exist, mostly [[Christians]], [[Hindus]], and smaller groups of [[Buddhists]] and [[animist]]s in the remote Northern Areas. [[Urdu language|Urdu]] is the national language of Pakistan and English is the [[official language]]. English is used in government and corporate business, and by the educated urban elite. Public universities use English as the medium of instruction. Urdu is the [[lingua franca]] of the people. Besides these, nearly all Pakistanis speak mutually related [[Indo-European languages]], of which the most widely spoken is [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], followed by [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]], [[Pashto language|Pashto ]] and [[Balochi language|Balochi]]. Punjabis compose the largest ethnic group in the nation. Other important ethnic groups include: [[Sindhi]]s, [[Pashtun]], [[Balochi]]s, and [[Muhajir]]s. There are also sizeable numbers of other immigrant groups such as [[Bengali]]s that are concentrated in [[Karachi]]. == Culture == Pakistan has a very rich cultural and traditional background going back to [[Indus Valley Civilization]], 2800 BC&ndash;1800 BC. The region that is now Pakistan has in the past been invaded and occupied by many different peoples, including [[White Huns]], [[Persians]], [[Arabs]], [[Turks]], [[Mongols]] and various Eurasian groups. Thus modern Pakistani culture has its origins in the mixture of many cultures. There are differences in culture among the different ethnic groups in matters such as dress, food, and religion, especially where pre-Islamic customs differ from Islamic practices. Increasing [[globalization]] has increased the influence of "Western culture" in Pakistan, especially among the affluent, who have easy access to Western products, television, media, and food. Many Western [[food chains]] have established themselves in Pakistan, and are found in the major cities. At the same time, there is also a reactionary movement within Pakistan that wants to turn away from Western influences, and this has manifested itself in a return to more traditional roots, often conflated with Islam. A large Pakistani [[diaspora]] exists, especially in the [[United Kingdom]], United States, [[Canada]] and [[Australia]] as well as in the [[Scandinavia]]n nations. A large number of Pakistanis are also living in the [[Middle east]]. These emigrants and their children influence Pakistan culturally and economically, by travelling to Pakistan, and especially by returning or investing there. The most popular sport in Pakistan is [[cricket]], and large amounts of Pakistanis gather around TV sets to watch the [[Pakistani cricket team|Pakistani team]] play in international competitions, especially against Pakistan's rival India. Pakistan has one of the top teams in international cricket, one that won the [[World Cup]] in [[1992]]. [[Field Hockey|Hockey]] is also an important sport in Pakistan, Pakistan having won the gold medal at the Olympics a number of times in the sport. [[Squash]] is another sport that has a large following. [[Soccer|Football]] is played in Pakistan as well, but is not very popular. [[Polo]] is believed to have originated in the Northern parts of Pakistan, and continues to be an important sport there with large competitions throughout the year. ==See also== *[[Pakistani literature]] *[[Music of Pakistan]] *[[List of Pakistanis]] * [[Military of Pakistan]] ** [[Pakistan Air Force]] * [[Foreign relations of Pakistan]] * [[Indo-Pakistani Wars]] * [[Inter-Services Intelligence]] * [[List of cities in Pakistan]] == External links == === Pakistani Government Links === * [http://www.pak.gov.pk Government of Pakistan] * [http://www.tourism.gov.pk Pakistan Tourism Development Corporation] * [http://www.pakistan-embassy.com/Index.asp Embassy of Pakistan in Washington] * [http://www.pakistanlink.com/ Pakistan Link] * [http://www.dawn.com/ Dawn Newspaper] * [http://www.jang.com.pk/thenews The News International] * [http://www.brecorder.com Business Recorder] * [http://www.thefridaytimes.com The Friday Times Weekly Newspaper] [[cy:Pacistan]] [[da:Pakistan]] [[de:Pakistan]] [[eo:Pakistano]] [[es:Pakistán]] [[et:Pakistan]] [[fr:Pakistan]] [[it:Pakistan]] [[ja:&#12497;&#12461;&#12473;&#12479;&#12531;]] [[nl:Pakistan]] [[no:Pakistan]] [[pl:Pakistan]] [[pt:Paquistão]] [[simple:Pakistan]] [[sl:Pakistan]] [[hi:Pakistan]] [[sv:Pakistan]] [[ur:%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86]] [[th:&#3611;&#3619;&#3632;&#3648;&#3607;&#3624;&#3611;&#3634;&#3585;&#3637;&#3626;&#3606;&#3634;&#3609;]] [[zh:&#24052;&#22522;&#26031;&#22374;]] [[en:Pakistan]] [[ks:पाकिस्तान]] 1036 6273 2004-10-04T15:49:01Z 130.39.222.122 [[en:Palau]][[ks:पलाऊ]] '''पलाऊ''' The first inhabitants of Palau, probably from Indonesia, settled on the islands as early as 1000 BC. Spanish explorer Ruy López de Villalobos first sighted the islands in 1543, but attempts to settle on or trade with the islands weren't started until the 18th century, by the British. Spain colonized the islands in the late 19th century, but sold it to Germany in 1899. Japan seized the islands at the start of World War I, and gained a mandate over them until the end of the Second World War, when the islands came under control of the United States as a Trust Territory. The Palauans voted in 1979 not to join the Federated States of Micronesia, and chose independence instead. After a long period of transition, including the violent deaths of two presidents (Haruo Remeliik in 1985 by assassination and Lazarus Salii in 1988 by suicide) independence was finally official in 1994. 1037 12975 2006-12-18T23:39:45Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[frp:Panama]], [[sw:Panama]] '''पानामा''' उत्तर अमेरिका महाद्वीपे दक्षिणक्षेत्रे एक: देश: अस्‍ति. {{stub}} [[an:Panamá]] [[ar:بنما]] [[az:Panama]] [[bg:Панама]] [[bs:Panama]] [[ca:Panamà]] [[cs:Panama]] [[cy:Panamá]] [[da:Panama]] [[de:Panama]] [[el:Παναμάς]] [[en:Panama]] [[eo:Panamo]] [[es:Panamá]] [[et:Panama]] [[eu:Panama]] [[fa:پاناما]] [[fi:Panama]] [[fr:Panamá]] [[frp:Panama]] [[ga:Panama]] [[gl:Panamá]] [[he:פנמה]] [[hr:Panama]] [[ht:Panama (peyi)]] [[hu:Panama]] [[id:Panama]] [[ilo:Panama]] [[io:Panama]] [[is:Panama]] [[it:Panamá]] [[ja:パナマ]] [[ka:პანამა]] [[ko:파나마]] [[ks:पानामा]] [[kw:Panama]] [[la:Panama]] [[lad:Panama]] [[lt:Panama]] [[lv:Panama]] [[mk:Панама]] [[ms:Panama]] [[nds:Panama]] [[nl:Panama (land)]] [[nn:Panama]] [[no:Panama]] [[nrm:Panama]] [[oc:Panamà (país)]] [[pam:Panama]] [[pl:Panama]] [[pt:Panamá]] [[ro:Panama]] [[ru:Панама]] [[scn:Panamà]] [[sh:Panama]] [[simple:Panama]] [[sk:Panama (štát)]] [[sl:Panama]] [[sq:Panama]] [[sr:Панама]] [[sv:Panama]] [[sw:Panama]] [[ta:பனாமா]] [[tg:Панама]] [[th:ประเทศปานามา]] [[tl:Panama]] [[tr:Panama]] [[ug:پاناما]] [[uk:Панама]] [[vi:Panama]] [[zh:巴拿马]] [[zh-min-nan:Panamá]] 1038 12973 2006-12-18T23:24:44Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[frp:Papoasie-Novèla-Guinê]] '''पपुवा न्यू गिनी''' एशिया महाद्वीपे एक: देश: अस्‍ति. == External links == * [http://www.pngonline.gov.pg/ Papua New Guinea Government Online] * [http://www.nso.gov.pg/ National Statistical Office of Papua New Guinea] * [http://map.mineral.gov.pg/ Interactive maps of Papua New Guinea] [[an:Papua y Nueba Guinea]] [[az:Papua Yeni Qvineya]] [[bg:Папуа-Нова Гвинея]] [[br:Papoua-Ginea Nevez]] [[bs:Papua Nova Gvineja]] [[ca:Papua Nova Guinea]] [[cs:Papua-Nová Guinea]] [[da:Papua Ny Guinea]] [[de:Papua-Neuguinea]] [[el:Παπούα Νέα Γουινέα]] [[en:Papua New Guinea]] [[eo:Papuo-Nov-Gvineo]] [[es:Papúa Nueva Guinea]] [[et:Paapua Uus-Guinea]] [[eu:Papua Ginea Berria]] [[fa:پاپوآ گینه نو]] [[fi:Papua-Uusi-Guinea]] [[fr:Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée]] [[frp:Papoasie-Novèla-Guinê]] [[gl:Papúa Nova Guinea]] [[he:פפואה גינאה החדשה]] [[hr:Papua Nova Gvineja]] [[hu:Pápua Új-Guinea]] [[id:Papua Nugini]] [[ilo:Papua Baro a Guinea]] [[io:Papua Nov-Guinea]] [[is:Papúa Nýja-Gínea]] [[it:Papua Nuova Guinea]] [[ja:パプアニューギニア]] [[ka:პაპუა-ახალი გვინეა]] [[ko:파푸아 뉴기니]] [[ks:पपुवा न्यू गिनी]] [[ku:Papûa Gîneya Nû]] [[la:Papua Nova Guinea]] [[li:Papoea-Nui-Guinea]] [[lt:Papua Naujoji Gvinėja]] [[lv:Papua-Jaungvineja]] [[mk:Папуа Нова Гвинеја]] [[ms:Papua New Guinea]] [[nds:Papua-Niegguinea]] [[nl:Papoea-Nieuw-Guinea]] [[nn:Papua Ny-Guinea]] [[no:Papua Ny-Guinea]] [[oc:Papoa Nòva Guinèa]] [[pam:Papua New Guinea]] [[pl:Papua-Nowa Gwinea]] [[pt:Papua-Nova Guiné]] [[ro:Papua Noua Guinee]] [[ru:Папуа — Новая Гвинея]] [[se:Papua-Ođđa-Guinea]] [[sh:Papua Nova Gvineja]] [[simple:Papua New Guinea]] [[sk:Papua-Nová Guinea]] [[sl:Papua Nova Gvineja]] [[sq:Papuanova Guinea]] [[sr:Папуа Нова Гвинеја]] [[sv:Papua Nya Guinea]] [[ta:பப்புவா நியூ கினி]] [[th:ประเทศปาปัวนิวกินี]] [[tl:Papua New Guinea]] [[tpi:Papua Niugini]] [[tr:Papua Yeni Gine]] [[ug:پاپۇئا يېڭى گۋىنىيىسى]] [[uk:Папуа-Нова Ґвінея]] [[vi:Papua Tân Guinea]] [[zh:巴布亚新几内亚]] [[zh-min-nan:Papua Sin Guinea]] 1039 6276 2004-10-04T16:47:06Z 130.39.222.122 '''पेरेग्वाय''' दक्षिण-अमेरिका महाद्वीपे मध्‍यक्षेत्रे एक: देश: अस्‍ति. == External links == * [http://www.paraguaygobierno.gov.py/ Portal del Gobierno Electrónico] - Official governmental portal * [http://laca.com.au/telelatina/chipas.html Recipes for Chipas], a cheese and cornmeal bread * The [http://www.asa.edu.py/ American School of Asuncion] [[en:Paraguay]] [[ks:पेरेग्वाय]] 1040 6277 2004-10-04T16:50:09Z 130.39.222.122 [[en:Poland]][[ks:पोलैंड]] '''पोलैंड''' यूरोप महाद्वीपे मध्‍यक्षेत्रे एक: देश: अस्‍ति. == External links == * [http://www.poland.gov.pl The Official Poland's portal] * [http://www.poland-tourism.pl Tourist information portal] 1041 12676 2006-12-15T10:30:05Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[bat-smg:Peru]], [[ps:پيرو]] '''पेरु''' दक्षिण-अमेरिका महाद्वीपे मध्‍यक्षेत्रे एक: देश: अस्‍ति । {{stub}} [[af:Peru]] [[an:Perú]] [[ar:بيرو]] [[ast:Perú]] [[ay:Piruw]] [[az:Peru]] [[bat-smg:Peru]] [[be:Пэру]] [[bg:Перу]] [[bn:পেরু]] [[br:Perou]] [[bs:Peru]] [[ca:Perú]] [[co:Peru]] [[cs:Peru]] [[cv:Перу]] [[cy:Periw]] [[da:Peru]] [[de:Peru]] [[el:Περού]] [[en:Peru]] [[eo:Peruo]] [[es:Perú]] [[et:Peruu]] [[eu:Peru]] [[fa:پرو]] [[fi:Peru]] [[fr:Pérou]] [[frp:Pèrou]] [[ga:Peiriú]] [[gd:Peru]] [[gl:Perú]] [[he:פרו]] [[hi:पेरू]] [[hr:Peru]] [[hu:Peru]] [[ia:Peru]] [[id:Peru]] [[ilo:Peru]] [[io:Peru]] [[is:Perú]] [[it:Perù]] [[ja:ペルー]] [[ka:პერუ]] [[ko:페루]] [[ks:Pēru]] [[kw:Perou]] [[la:Peruvia]] [[lb:Peru]] [[lt:Peru]] [[lv:Peru]] [[mk:Перу]] [[ms:Peru]] [[nah:Incatlān]] [[nds:Peru]] [[nl:Peru]] [[nn:Peru]] [[no:Peru]] [[nrm:Pérou]] [[oc:Peró]] [[pam:Peru]] [[pl:Peru]] [[ps:پيرو]] [[pt:Peru]] [[qu:Piruw]] [[rm:Peru]] [[rmy:Peru]] [[ro:Peru]] [[ru:Перу]] [[ru-sib:Перу]] [[scn:Perù]] [[se:Peru]] [[sh:Peru]] [[simple:Peru]] [[sk:Peru]] [[sl:Peru]] [[sq:Peru]] [[sr:Перу]] [[sv:Peru]] [[sw:Peru]] [[ta:பெரு]] [[tet:Perú]] [[tg:Перу]] [[th:ประเทศเปรู]] [[tl:Peru]] [[tr:Peru]] [[ug:پېرۇ]] [[uk:Перу]] [[uz:Peru]] [[vi:Peru]] [[wo:Peru]] [[yi:פערו]] [[zh:秘鲁]] [[zh-min-nan:Perú]] 1042 13055 2006-12-20T16:30:36Z Thijs!bot 230 robot Adding: [[bo:ཕུ་ཐོ་ཡ]] '''पुर्तगाल''' यूरोप महाद्वीपे पश्‍चिमक्षेत्रे एक: देश: अस्‍ति. == External links == *[http://www.portugal.gov.pt/Portal/EN/ Portal do Governo] - Main governmental portal *[http://www.presidenciarepublica.pt/en/main.html Presidência da República] - Official presidential site *[http://www.parlamento.pt/ingles/index.html Assembleia da República] - Official parliamentary site *[http://www.portugal.org Welcome to Portugal] - All about Portugal *[http://www.portugalinsite.pt Portugal inSite] - Portugal's official travel and tourism website *[http://www.cphrc.org.uk Contemporary Portuguese Political History Research Centre] - History and politics *[http://www.ippar.pt IPPAR] - Monuments of Portugal *[http://www.euro2004.com Euro 2004] - Official Euro2004 site *[http://www.portugaltravelguide.com PortugalTravelGuide] - Tourism and holidays *[http://www.portugalia.org/ Portugalia] - Photos from Portugal [[af:Portugal]] [[als:Portugal]] [[an:Portugal]] [[ar:برتغال]] [[arc:ܦܘܪܬܘܓܠ]] [[ast:Portugal]] [[bat-smg:Portugalėjė]] [[be:Партугалія]] [[bg:Португалия]] [[bo:ཕུ་ཐོ་ཡ]] [[br:Portugal]] [[bs:Portugal]] [[ca:Portugal]] [[co:Portugallu]] [[cs:Portugalsko]] [[cy:Portiwgal]] [[da:Portugal]] [[de:Portugal]] [[el:Πορτογαλία]] [[en:Portugal]] [[eo:Portugalio]] [[es:Portugal]] [[et:Portugal]] [[eu:Portugal]] [[fa:پرتغال]] [[fi:Portugali]] [[fr:Portugal]] [[frp:Portugal]] [[fy:Portegal]] [[ga:An Phortaingéil]] [[gl:Portugal]] [[gv:Yn Phortiugal]] [[he:פורטוגל]] [[hi:पुर्तगाल]] [[hr:Portugal]] [[ht:Pòtigal]] [[hu:Portugália]] [[hy:Պորտուգալիա]] [[ia:Portugal]] [[id:Portugal]] [[ilo:Portugal]] [[io:Portugal]] [[is:Portúgal]] [[it:Portogallo]] [[ja:ポルトガル]] [[ka:პორტუგალია]] [[ko:포르투갈]] [[ks:पुर्तगाल]] [[ku:Portekîz]] [[kw:Portyngal]] [[la:Lusitania]] [[lb:Portugal]] [[li:Portugal]] [[lt:Portugalija]] [[lv:Portugāle]] [[mr:पोर्तुगाल]] [[ms:Portugal]] [[mt:Portugall]] [[nds:Portugal]] [[nds-nl:Portugal]] [[ne:पोर्चुगल]] [[nl:Portugal]] [[nn:Portugal]] [[no:Portugal]] [[nrm:Portûnga]] [[oc:Portugal]] [[os:Португали]] [[pam:Portugal]] [[pl:Portugalia]] [[pms:Portugal]] [[pt:Portugal]] [[qu:Purtugal]] [[rm:Portugal]] [[ro:Portugalia]] [[ru:Португалия]] [[sc:Portugallu]] [[sh:Portugal]] [[simple:Portugal]] [[sk:Portugalsko]] [[sl:Portugalska]] [[sq:Portugalia]] [[sr:Португалија]] [[sv:Portugal]] [[ta:போர்த்துகல்]] [[tet:Portugál]] [[tg:Португалия]] [[th:ประเทศโปรตุเกส]] [[tl:Portugal]] [[tpi:Potugal]] [[tr:Portekiz]] [[ty:Pōtītī]] [[ug:پورتۇگالىيە]] [[uk:Португалія]] [[uz:Portugal]] [[vec:Portogało]] [[vi:Bồ Đào Nha]] [[yi:פּאָרטוגאַל]] [[zh:葡萄牙]] [[zh-min-nan:Phû-tô-gâ]] [[zh-yue:葡萄牙]] 1043 6280 2004-10-04T17:01:19Z 130.39.222.122 [[en:Fiji]] '''फिजी''' दक्षिण-प्रशान्‍त-महासागरे एक: देश: अस्‍ति. == External links == * [http://www.southpacific.org/text/finding_fiji.html Finding Fiji] * [http://www.fiji.gov.fj/ Official Website of the Government of Fiji] * [http://www.numismondo.com/aboutourlogo/brewer.htm Brewer & Joske Sugar Mills Banknote Issues] * [http://map.mrd.gov.fj/ Interactive maps of Fiji] * [http://www.mapsouthpacific.com/fiji/index.html Map of Fiji] * [http://www.parliament.gov.fj/ Official Website of the Parliament of Fiji] [[ks:फिजी]] 1044 6281 2004-10-04T17:06:10Z 130.39.222.122 [[en:Finland]] '''फिन्लैंड''' यूरोप महाद्वीपे उत्तरक्षेत्रे एक: देश: अस्‍ति. == External links == *[http://virtual.finland.fi Virtual Finland] - Main portal to Finland *[http://www.government.fi Government.fi] - Official governmental site *[http://www.eduskunta.fi/efakta/index01.htm Eduskunta.fi] - Official parliamentary site *[http://www.tpk.fi/english/ Presidentti] - Official presidential site [[ks:फिन्लैंड]] 1045 13033 2006-12-20T08:48:25Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[fur:France]] {| align=right |[[Image:Flag of France.svg|150px]] |[[Image:France radar.jpg|100px]] |- |colspan=2|[[Image:LocationFrance.png]] |} '''फ्रांस''' यूरोप महाद्वीपे पश्‍चिमक्षेत्रे एक: देश: अस्‍ति. == External links == *[http://www.justfrance.org France travel guide] *[http://www.elysee.fr/ang/index.shtm Official site of the Office of the French President] - The Elysée Palace *[http://www.premier-ministre.gouv.fr/en/ Official site of the Office of the French Prime Minister] - Main governmental site *[http://www.assemblee-nat.fr/english/index.asp Assemblée Nationale] - The French National Assembly *[http://www.senat.fr/english/somm.html Sénat] - The French Senate *[http://www.service-public.fr/etranger/english.html Official site of the French public service] - Contains many links to various administrations and institutions * [http://www.fr-ance.com France] - Directory in English [[af:Frankryk]] [[als:Frankreich]] [[an:Franzia]] [[ang:Francland]] [[ar:فرنسا]] [[arc:ܦܪܢܣܐ]] [[ast:Francia]] [[bar:Frankreich]] [[be:Францыя]] [[bg:Франция]] [[bn:ফ্রান্স]] [[br:Bro-C'hall]] [[bs:Francuska]] [[ca:França]] [[co:Francia]] [[cs:Francie]] [[csb:Francëjô]] [[cv:Франци]] [[cy:Ffrainc]] [[da:Frankrig]] [[de:Frankreich]] [[el:Γαλλία]] [[en:France]] [[eo:Francio]] [[es:Francia]] [[et:Prantsusmaa]] [[eu:Frantzia]] [[fa:فرانسه]] [[fi:Ranska]] [[fiu-vro:Prantsusmaa]] [[fr:France]] [[frp:France]] [[fur:France]] [[fy:Frankryk]] [[ga:An Fhrainc]] [[gd:An Fhraing]] [[gl:Francia - France]] [[gu:ફ્રાઁસ]] [[gv:Yn Rank]] [[he:צרפת]] [[hi:फ़्राँस]] [[hr:Francuska]] [[hsb:Francoska]] [[ht:Frans]] [[hu:Franciaország]] [[hy:Ֆրանսիա]] [[ia:Francia]] [[id:Perancis]] [[ilo:Francia]] [[io:Francia]] [[is:Frakkland]] [[it:Francia]] [[ja:フランス]] [[jbo:fasygu'e]] [[ka:საფრანგეთი]] [[kn:ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸ್]] [[ko:프랑스]] [[ks:फ्रांस]] [[ksh:Frankrish]] [[ku:Fransa]] [[kw:Pow Frynk]] [[la:Francia]] [[lad:Fransia]] [[lb:Frankräich]] [[li:Frankriek]] [[lmo:Francja]] [[ln:Falansia]] [[lt:Prancūzija]] [[lv:Francija]] [[mg:Frantsa]] [[mk:Франција]] [[mn:Франц улс]] [[mr:फ्रान्स]] [[ms:Perancis]] [[na:France]] [[nds:Frankriek]] [[nds-nl:Frankriek]] [[ne:फ्रान्स]] [[nl:Frankrijk]] [[nn:Frankrike]] [[no:Frankrike]] [[nrm:France]] [[oc:França]] [[os:Франц]] [[pam:France]] [[pl:Francja]] [[pms:Fransa]] [[ps:فرانسه]] [[pt:França]] [[qu:Fransiya]] [[rm:Frantscha]] [[rmy:Franchiya]] [[ro:Franţa]] [[roa-rup:Gallia]] [[ru:Франция]] [[ru-sib:Францыя]] [[sc:Frantza]] [[scn:Francia]] [[sco:Fraunce]] [[sh:Francuska]] [[simple:France]] [[sk:Francúzsko]] [[sl:Francija]] [[so:Faransiiska]] [[sq:Franca]] [[sr:Француска]] [[st:France]] [[sv:Frankrike]] [[sw:Ufaransa]] [[ta:பிரான்ஸ்]] [[tet:Fransa]] [[tg:Фаронса]] [[th:ประเทศฝรั่งเศส]] [[tl:Pransya]] [[tpi:Pranis]] [[tr:Fransa]] [[ty:Farāni]] [[udm:Франция]] [[ug:فرانسىيە]] [[uk:Франція]] [[ur:فرانس]] [[vec:Franzsa]] [[vi:Pháp]] [[vls:Vrankriek]] [[zh:法国]] [[zh-classical:法蘭西]] [[zh-min-nan:Hoat-kok]] [[zh-yue:法國]] 1046 6283 2004-10-04T17:24:06Z 130.39.222.122 '''फिलिपीन्स''' एशिया महाद्वीपे दक्षिण-पूर्वक्षेत्रे एक: देश: अस्‍ति. राजधानी - [[मनीला]] ===News websites=== * [http://www.inq7.net Philippine Daily Inquirer and GMA News] * [http://www.abs-cbnnews.com ABS-CBN News] * [http://www.philstar.com Philippine Star] * [http://www.mb.com.ph The Manila Bulletin Online] * [http://www.manilatimes.net The Manila Times Online] * [http://www.sunstar.com.ph Sun Star Network Online] * [http://www.tribune.net.ph The Daily Tribune Online] * [http://www.malaya.com.ph Malaya Online] * [http://www.today.net.ph Today Online] * [http://www.kabayanonline.com Kabayan Online] [[en:Philippines]] [[ks:फिलिपीन्स]] 1047 6284 2004-10-04T17:26:03Z 130.39.222.122 [[en:Palestine]] '''फिलिस्तीन''' (Tiberian Hebrew פלשת Pəléšeṯ / Pəlāšeṯ, Latin Syria Palæstina, Standard Hebrew פלשתינה Palestina, ארץ־ישראל Éreẓ-Yisraʾel, Arabic فلسطين Filasṭīn, Standard Hebrew (of modern Arabic political term) פלסטין Filastin), is a region in the Middle East extending inland from the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. Its political status is hotly disputed. [[ks:फिलिस्तीन]] 1048 6285 2004-10-06T20:52:13Z 130.39.222.122 '''चेन्नै''' (சென்னை) [[तमिलनाडु]] प्रदेशस्‍य राजधानी नगर अस्‍ति. ==External links== * [http://www.chennai.tn.nic.in/ Chennai District] - Official government site for Chennai District. Site has history, profile [http://www.chennai.tn.nic.in/chndistprof.htm], landmarks [http://www.chennai.tn.nic.in/chnlandmarksmenu.htm], etc * [http://www.chennaicorporation.com/ Corporation of Chennai] - Online corporation service. Site with important phone numbers [http://www.chennaicorporation.com/complaints.htm], etc * [http://www.spiritofchennai.com SpiritOfChennai.com] Information about Chennai City. * [http://www.chennaionline.com Chennai Online] * [http://www.wunderground.com/global/stations/43279.html Weather Underground: Chennai (Madras), India Forecast] - Current [[weather]] at Chennai *[http://www.thebharat.com/maps/tamilnadu/html/chennai/checity.html City Map] [[en:Chennai]] 1049 13032 2006-12-20T07:59:31Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[bpy:ত্রিবানদ্রাম]] '''तिरुवनंतपुरम''' केरलं प्रदेशस्‍य राजधानी अस्‍ति. इदं एकं सुरम्‍यं नगरं अस्‍ति. अत्र अनन्तशायी श्रीविष्‍णु मन्दिरम्‌ सुदूरं प्रसिद्ध:. अत्र जनसंख्या ९००,००० अस्‍ति. ==जालगवाक्ष:== *[http://trivandrum.nic.in/ तिरुवनंतपुरम शासनं] [[bn:তিরুবনন্তপুরম]] [[bpy:ত্রিবানদ্রাম]] [[de:Thiruvananthapuram]] [[en:Thiruvananthapuram]] [[eo:Thiruvananthapuram]] [[fi:Thiruvananthapuram]] [[fr:Thiruvananthapuram]] [[hi:त्रिवेन्द्रम]] [[id:Thiruvananthapuram]] [[ja:ティルヴァナンタプラム]] [[ml:തിരുവനന്തപുരം]] [[nl:Trivandrum]] [[pl:Thiruvananthapuram]] [[pt:Thiruvananthapuram]] [[ro:Thiruvananthapuram]] [[ru:Тируванантапурам]] [[simple:Thiruvananthapuram]] [[sv:Thiruvananthapuram]] [[ta:திருவனந்தபுரம்]] [[zh:特里凡得琅]] 1050 6287 2004-10-05T16:00:07Z 130.39.222.122 '''बंगलूर / ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು''' दक्षिण भारते एक: विशाल नगर: अस्‍ति. अस्‍य जनसंख्‍या ७ मिलियन अस्‍ति. [[en:Bangalore]] 1051 6288 2004-10-06T21:13:57Z 130.39.222.122 '''कवरत्ती''' लक्षद्वीप प्रदेशस्‍य राजधानी नगर अस्‍ति. *[[लक्षद्वीप]] 1052 13024 2006-12-20T04:57:31Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[bpy:গান্ধিনগর]] '''गाँधीनगर / ગાંધીનગર''' गुजरात प्रदेशस्‍य राजधानी नगर अस्‍ति. ==External links== *[http://www.rajkot.com/tourism/gandhinagar.htm Gandhinagar - Capital of Gujarat] *[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020925/main1.htm Ultras storm Gujarat temple, kill 30] *[http://www.saag.org/papers6/paper525.html South Asia Analysis Group Gandhinagar: An Intelligence Failure?] *[http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/2002/09/25/stories/2002092506150100.htm The Hindu: Terrorists storm Gandhinagar temple] *[http://www.rediff.com/news/2002/sep/24guj5.htm Eyewitness Account: A temple visit that went horribly wrong] [[bn:গান্ধীনগর]] [[bpy:গান্ধিনগর]] [[de:Gandhinagar]] [[en:Gandhinagar]] [[fr:Gandhinagar]] [[id:Gandhinagar]] [[ja:ガンジナガル]] [[nl:Gandhinagar]] [[ro:Gandhinagar]] [[ru:Гандинагар]] [[sv:Gandhinagar]] [[ta:காந்தி நகர்]] 1053 12797 2006-12-17T20:40:04Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[frp:Cameron]] '''केमेरून''' अफ्रीका महाद्वीपे देश: अस्‍ति. The first inhabitants of Cameroon were the pygmy Baka tribes. The Bantu language originated in the highlands of Cameroon, but many of its speakers moved out before foreign invaders came into the nation. The first European contact was in the 1500s with the Portuguese, but they did not stay. The first permanent settlements were started in the late 1870s, with Germany emerging as the major European Power. After World War I though, the country would be split by Britain and France. In 1961 the French and British portions of Cameroon were united, the French portion having gained independence a year earlier. The new coalition government was led by Ahmadou Ahidjo who led a crack down on rebel groups who had remained since before independence. Ahidjo stepped down in 1982 and was succeeded by the current president, Paul Biya. Biya has won numerous elections, but the fairness of these elections has been questioned. The latest elections were in 1997 with the next scheduled for late 2004. [[af:Kameroen]] [[am:ካሜሩን]] [[an:Camerún]] [[ar:كاميرون]] [[ast:Camerún]] [[az:Kamerun]] [[bg:Камерун]] [[bn:ক্যামেরুন]] [[bs:Kamerun]] [[ca:Camerun]] [[cs:Kamerun]] [[cy:Camerŵn]] [[da:Cameroun]] [[de:Kamerun]] [[el:Καμερούν]] [[en:Cameroon]] [[eo:Kameruno]] [[es:Camerún]] [[et:Kamerun]] [[eu:Kamerun]] [[fa:کامرون]] [[fi:Kamerun]] [[fr:Cameroun]] [[frp:Cameron]] [[gd:Cameroon]] [[gl:Camerún - Cameroun]] [[he:קמרון]] [[hr:Kamerun]] [[hu:Kamerun]] [[ia:Camerun]] [[id:Kamerun]] [[ilo:Camerun]] [[io:Kamerun]] [[is:Kamerún]] [[it:Camerun]] [[ja:カメルーン]] [[ka:კამერუნი]] [[kn:ಕ್ಯಾಮರೂನ್]] [[ko:카메룬]] [[ku:Kamerûn]] [[kw:Kameroun]] [[la:Cameronia]] [[lt:Kamerūnas]] [[lv:Kamerūna]] [[mk:Камерун]] [[ms:Cameroon]] [[na:Camerun]] [[nds:Kamerun]] [[nl:Kameroen]] [[nn:Kamerun]] [[no:Kamerun]] [[oc:Cameron]] [[pam:Cameroon]] [[pl:Kamerun]] [[ps:کېمرون]] [[pt:Camarões]] [[ro:Camerun]] [[ru:Камерун]] [[sh:Kamerun]] [[simple:Cameroon]] [[sk:Kamerun]] [[sl:Kamerun]] [[sq:Kameruni]] [[sr:Камерун]] [[sv:Kamerun]] [[sw:Kamerun]] [[tg:Камерун]] [[th:ประเทศแคเมอรูน]] [[tl:Cameroon]] [[tr:Kamerun]] [[ug:كامېرون]] [[uk:Камерун]] [[vi:Cameroon]] [[vo:Kamerunän]] [[zh:喀麦隆]] [[zh-min-nan:Cameroon]] 1054 6291 2004-10-01T16:58:38Z 130.39.222.122 '''केप वर्डी''' अफ्रीका महाद्वीप पश्‍चिमे अन्‍ध-महासागरे मध्‍ये द्वीप-समूह अस्‍ति. == External links == *[http://www.capeverdeusa.org/ Embassy of Cape Verde in the United States] *[http://kapverden.nano-web.de/search/search.pl International Searchengine for Cabo Verde] *[http://kapverden.nano-web.de/gallery Cape Verde Photogallery] [[en:Cape Verde]] 1055 13049 2006-12-20T14:56:30Z Thijs!bot 230 robot Adding: [[bo:ཁོ་ལོམ་བི་ཡ]] '''कोलोम्बिया''' दक्षिण अमेरिका महाद्वीपे देश: अस्‍ति. राजधानी - [[बोगोटा]] == External links == * [http://www.gobiernoenlinea.gov.co PEC] - Official governmental portal (in Spanish) * [http://cne.presidencia.gov.co Casa de Nariño] - Official presidential site (in Spanish) * [http://numismondo.com/pm/col/ Colombia Banknotes] * [http://www.villegaseditores.com/loslibros/9589138888/ Colombia from the air] - On-line book with aerial pictures of Colombia (English) * [http://www.villegaseditores.com/loslibros/9589138837/ Colombia, a new vision] - On-line book with photographs of Colombia and its people (English) [[af:Kolombië]] [[an:Colombia]] [[ar:كولومبيا]] [[ast:Colombia]] [[bat-smg:Kolumbijė]] [[be:Калумбія]] [[bg:Колумбия]] [[bn:কলম্বিয়া]] [[bo:ཁོ་ལོམ་བི་ཡ]] [[bs:Kolumbija]] [[ca:Colòmbia]] [[cs:Kolumbie]] [[cy:Colombia]] [[da:Colombia]] [[de:Kolumbien]] [[el:Κολομβία]] [[en:Colombia]] [[eo:Kolombio]] [[es:Colombia]] [[et:Colombia]] [[eu:Kolonbia]] [[fa:کلمبیا]] [[fi:Kolumbia]] [[fr:Colombie]] [[frp:Colombie]] [[ga:An Cholóim]] [[gd:Colombia]] [[gl:Colombia]] [[gv:Yn Cholombey]] [[he:קולומביה]] [[hr:Kolumbija]] [[ht:Kolonbi]] [[hu:Kolumbia]] [[ia:Colombia]] [[id:Kolombia]] [[ilo:Colombia]] [[io:Kolumbia]] [[is:Kólumbía]] [[it:Colombia]] [[ja:コロンビア]] [[ka:კოლუმბია]] [[km:កូឡុំប៊ី]] [[ko:콜롬비아]] [[kw:Kolombi]] [[la:Columbia]] [[lad:Kolombia]] [[li:Colombia]] [[lt:Kolumbija]] [[lv:Kolumbija]] [[mk:Колумбија]] [[ms:Colombia]] [[na:Colombia]] [[nds:Kolumbien]] [[nl:Colombia]] [[nn:Colombia]] [[no:Colombia]] [[oc:Colómbia]] [[pam:Colombia]] [[pl:Kolumbia]] [[ps:کولمبيا]] [[pt:Colômbia]] [[qu:Kulumbiya]] [[rm:Colombia]] [[ro:Columbia]] [[ru:Колумбия]] [[scn:Colombia]] [[sh:Kolumbija]] [[simple:Colombia]] [[sk:Kolumbia]] [[sl:Kolumbija]] [[sq:Kolumbia]] [[sr:Колумбија]] [[sv:Colombia]] [[sw:Kolombia]] [[ta:கொலம்பியா]] [[tet:Kolómbia]] [[tg:Кулумбия]] [[th:ประเทศโคลอมเบีย]] [[tl:Colombia]] [[tr:Kolombiya]] [[ug:كولومبىيە]] [[uk:Колумбія]] [[vi:Colombia]] [[yi:קאלאמביע]] [[zh:哥伦比亚]] [[zh-min-nan:Colombia]] 1056 6293 2004-10-01T17:10:52Z 130.39.222.122 '''कोमोरोस''' पश्‍चिमे सिन्‍धु-महासागरे मध्‍ये द्वीप-समूह देश: अस्‍ति. == External links == *[http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5236.htm U.S. State Dep. Background on Comoros] *[http://www.chez.com/prc/ Republican party of Comoros] *[http://www.ksu.edu/sasw/comoros/comoros.html The islands of Comoros] *[http://www.irinnews.org/report.asp?ReportID=40804&SelectRegion=Southern_Africa Report from IRIN (UN office for the coördination of Humanitarian Affairs)] [[en:Comoros]] 1057 6294 2004-10-01T17:13:44Z 130.39.222.122 '''कौंगो''' अफ्रीका महाद्वीपे देश: अस्‍ति. The government of former president Mobutu Sese Seko was toppled by a rebellion led by Laurent Kabila in May 1997; his regime was subsequently challenged by a Rwanda- and Uganda-backed rebellion in August 1998. Troops from Zimbabwe, Angola, Namibia, Chad, and Sudan intervened to support the Kinshasa regime. A cease-fire was signed on 10 July 1999 by the DROC, Zimbabwe, Angola, Uganda, Namibia, Rwanda, and Congolese armed rebel groups, but sporadic fighting continued. Kabila was assassinated on 16 January 2001 and his son Joseph Kabila was named head of state ten days later. In October 2002, the new president was successful in getting occupying Rwandan forces to withdraw from eastern Congo; two months later, an agreement was signed by all remaining warring parties to end the fighting and set up a government of national unity. [[en:Congo]] 1058 12588 2006-12-10T11:37:19Z Zwobot 86 robot Adding: an, ar, az, bo, cy, el, eu, frp, ga, hr, ht, hy, ia, ilo, is, ka, ku, kw, la, mk, ml, pam, ps, scn, sh, sr, sw, tg, tr, ug, uz, vi, vo Modifying: fa, th '''कोस्टा रीका''' मध्‍य अमेरिका क्षेत्रे देश: अस्‍ति. राजधानी - [[सान होजे]] == External links == * [http://www.kostaryka.org/central2489 The biggest and most detailed web-page about Costa Rica in Europe] * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/country_profiles/1166587.stm BBC Country profile: Costa Rica] [[an:Costa Rica]] [[ar:كوستاريكا]] [[az:Kosta Rika]] [[bg:Коста Рика]] [[bn:কোস্টা রিকা]] [[bo:ཁོ་ས་ཏ་རི་ཁ]] [[bs:Kostarika]] [[ca:Costa Rica]] [[cs:Kostarika]] [[cy:Costa Rica]] [[da:Costa Rica]] [[de:Costa Rica]] [[el:Κόστα Ρίκα]] [[en:Costa Rica]] [[eo:Kostariko]] [[es:Costa Rica]] [[et:Costa Rica]] [[eu:Costa Rica]] [[fa:کاستاریکا]] [[fi:Costa Rica]] [[fr:Costa Rica]] [[frp:Costa Rica]] [[ga:Cósta Ríce]] [[gl:Costa Rica]] [[he:קוסטה ריקה]] [[hr:Kostarika]] [[ht:Kostarika]] [[hu:Costa Rica]] [[hy:Կոստա Րիկա]] [[ia:Costa Rica]] [[id:Kosta Rika]] [[ilo:Costa Rica]] [[io:Kosta Rika]] [[is:Kosta Ríka]] [[it:Costa Rica]] [[ja:コスタリカ]] [[ka:კოსტა-რიკა]] [[ko:코스타리카]] [[ku:Kosta Rîka]] [[kw:Kosta Rika]] [[la:Ora Opulenta]] [[lt:Kosta Rika]] [[lv:Kostarika]] [[mk:Костарика]] [[ml:കോസ്റ്റാറിക്ക]] [[ms:Costa Rica]] [[na:Costa Rica]] [[nds:Costa Rica]] [[nl:Costa Rica]] [[nn:Costa Rica]] [[no:Costa Rica]] [[oc:Còsta Rica]] [[pam:Costa Rica]] [[pl:Kostaryka]] [[ps:کوسټاريکا]] [[pt:Costa Rica]] [[ro:Costa Rica]] [[ru:Коста-Рика]] [[scn:Costa Rica]] [[sh:Kostarika]] [[simple:Costa Rica]] [[sk:Kostarika]] [[sl:Kostarika]] [[sq:Kosta Rika]] [[sr:Костарика]] [[sv:Costa Rica]] [[sw:Kosta Rika]] [[tg:Коста Рика]] [[th:ประเทศคอสตาริกา]] [[tl:Costa Rica]] [[tr:Kosta Rika]] [[ug:كوستارىكا]] [[uk:Коста-Ріка]] [[uz:Kosta Rika]] [[vi:Costa Rica]] [[vo:Kostarikän]] [[zh:哥斯达黎加]] [[zh-min-nan:Costa Rica]] 1059 6296 2004-10-01T17:22:01Z 130.39.222.122 '''क्यूबा''' उत्तर अमेरिका केरेबियन क्षेत्रे देश: अस्‍ति. राजधानी - [[हवाना]] == बाह्‍य == *[http://www.cubaencuentro.com Encuentro en la Red] - Independent news and cultural site on Cuban matters *[http://www.cubanet.org/cubanews.html CUBANET] - News articles from Cuba's independent journalists and a digest of Cuban news by international newspapers *[http://www.icuban.com The Internet Cuban] - Cuban Culture Site *[http://www.infidels.org/library/historical/robert_ingersoll/spain_and_spaniard.html Spain and the Spaniard] A contemporary opinion of the Cuban uprising [[en:Cuba]] 1060 11968 2006-11-28T09:22:42Z Escarbot 175 robot Adding: [[ka:ცენტრალური აფრიკის რესპუბლიკა]], [[tg:Ҷумҳурии Африқои Марказӣ]] Modifying: [[oc:Centreafrica]] '''केन्द्रीय अफ्रीका गणराज्य''' अफ्रीका महाद्वीपे देश: अस्‍ति. Originally a colony of France, the Central African Republic became independent in1960. The new nation quickly descended into dictatorship under the rule of its first president, David Dacko. In 1966 Dacko was overthrown by his cousin Bokassa who established a highly eccentric military dictatorship. In 1976 Bokassa proclaimed himself emperor and was coronated in a lavish and expensive ceremony widely mocked by much of the world. His human rights violations and movements against French interests prompted France to support a coup against him in 1979, restoring Dacko to power. A second coup occurred in 1981, and democracy began in 1993. In 2003 however there was yet another coup, bringing François Bozizé to power. [[af:Sentraal-Afrikaanse Republiek]] [[am:የመካከለኛው አፍሪካ ሪፑብሊክ]] [[an:Republica Zentroafricana]] [[ar:جمهورية أفريقيا الوسطى]] [[be:Цэнтральна-Афрыканская Рэспубліка]] [[bg:Централноафриканска република]] [[bn:মধ্য আফ্রিকা]] [[bs:Centralna Afrička Republika]] [[ca:República Centreafricana]] [[cs:Středoafrická republika]] [[da:Centralafrikanske Republik]] [[de:Zentralafrikanische Republik]] [[el:Κεντροαφρικανική Δημοκρατία]] [[en:Central African Republic]] [[eo:Centr-Afrika Respubliko]] [[es:República Centroafricana]] [[et:Kesk-Aafrika Vabariik]] [[eu:Afrika Erdiko Errepublika]] [[fa:افریقای مرکزی]] [[fi:Keski-Afrikan tasavalta]] [[fr:République centrafricaine]] [[gl:República Centroafricana - République Centroafricaine]] [[he:הרפובליקה המרכז אפריקאית]] [[hr:Srednjoafrička Republika]] [[hu:Közép-afrikai Köztársaság]] [[ia:Republica Centroafrican]] [[id:Republik Afrika Tengah]] [[io:Centrafrika]] [[is:Mið-Afríkulýðveldið]] [[it:Repubblica Centrafricana]] [[ja:中央アフリカ]] [[jv:Republik Afrika Tengah]] [[ka:ცენტრალური აფრიკის რესპუბლიკა]] [[ko:중앙아프리카 공화국]] [[kw:Sentrafrika]] [[li:Centraal Afrika]] [[lt:Centrinės Afrikos Respublika]] [[lv:Centrālāfrika]] [[mk:Централноафриканска Република]] [[ms:Republik Afrika Tengah]] [[nds:Zentraalafrikaansche Republiek]] [[nl:Centraal-Afrikaanse Republiek]] [[nn:Den sentralafrikanske republikken]] [[no:Den sentralafrikanske republikk]] [[oc:Centreafrica]] [[pam:Central African Republic]] [[pl:Republika Środkowoafrykańska]] [[ps:د افريقا منځنی جمهوريت]] [[pt:República Centro-Africana]] [[ro:Republica Centrafricană]] [[ru:Центрально-Африканская Республика]] [[sh:Srednjoafrička Republika]] [[simple:Central African Republic]] [[sk:Stredoafrická republika]] [[sl:Srednjeafriška republika]] [[sq:Afrika qendrore]] [[sr:Централноафричка Република]] [[sv:Centralafrikanska republiken]] [[sw:Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] [[tg:Ҷумҳурии Африқои Марказӣ]] [[th:สาธารณรัฐแอฟริกากลาง]] [[tl:Central African Republic]] [[tr:Orta Afrika Cumhuriyeti]] [[ug:ئوتتۇرا ئافرىقا جۇمھۇرىيىتى]] [[uk:Центрально-Африканська Республіка]] [[vi:Cộng hoà Trung Phi]] [[zh:中非共和國]] [[zh-min-nan:Tiong-hui Kiōng-hô-kok]] 1062 12892 2006-12-18T19:57:13Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[frp:Kiribati]] '''किरिबाटी''' प्रशान्‍त-महासागरे मध्‍ये द्वीप-समूह अस्‍ति. === External links === * [http://www.mymicronesia.com/kiribati/ myMicronesia/Kiribati section] * http://www.wysiwyg.co.nz/kiribati/ * [http://map.gov.ki/ Interactive maps of Kiribati] [[af:Kiribati]] [[an:Kiribati]] [[ar:كيريباس]] [[bg:Кирибати]] [[bn:কিরিবাস]] [[bs:Kiribati]] [[ca:Kiribati]] [[cs:Kiribati]] [[cy:Kiribati]] [[da:Kiribati]] [[de:Kiribati]] [[el:Κιριμπάτι]] [[en:Kiribati]] [[eo:Kiribato]] [[es:Kiribati]] [[et:Kiribati]] [[eu:Kiribati]] [[fi:Kiribati]] [[fr:Kiribati]] [[frp:Kiribati]] [[gl:Quiribati - Kiribati]] [[he:קיריבטי]] [[hr:Kiribati]] [[ht:Kiribès]] [[hu:Kiribati]] [[id:Kiribati]] [[io:Kiribati]] [[is:Kíribatí]] [[it:Kiribati]] [[ja:キリバス]] [[ko:키리바시]] [[kw:Kiribati]] [[la:Kiribati]] [[lt:Kiribatis]] [[lv:Kiribati]] [[ml:കിരീബാസ്]] [[ms:Kiribati]] [[na:Kiribat]] [[nds:Kiribati]] [[nl:Kiribati]] [[nn:Kiribati]] [[no:Kiribati]] [[oc:Kiribati]] [[pam:Kiribati]] [[pl:Kiribati]] [[ps:کېريباتي]] [[pt:Kiribati]] [[ro:Kiribati]] [[ru:Кирибати]] [[scn:Kiribati]] [[se:Kiribati]] [[sh:Kiribati]] [[simple:Kiribati]] [[sk:Kiribati]] [[sl:Kiribati]] [[sq:Kiribati]] [[sr:Кирибати (држава)]] [[sv:Kiribati]] [[th:ประเทศคิริบาส]] [[tl:Kiribati]] [[tpi:Kiribas]] [[tr:Kiribati]] [[uk:Кірібаті]] [[uz:Kiribati]] [[vi:Kiribati]] [[vo:Kiribasuäns]] [[zh:基里巴斯]] [[zh-min-nan:Kiribati]] 1063 6299 2004-10-01T17:39:55Z 130.39.222.122 '''किरगिस्थान''' एशिया महाद्वीपे देश: अस्‍ति. (Kyrgyz: Кыргызстан) is a country in Central Asia. It borders the People's Republic of China, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. Its capital is Bishkek (formerly Frunze). == External links == *http://www.centralasiannews.com *http://www.centralasiatravel.com *[http://www.countryguide.com/ CountryGuide]:: [http://www.countryguide.com/Kyrgyzstan/ Kyrgyzstan] --editor-maintained directory focused on travel planning and research. *[http://www.freenet.kg/kyrgyzstan/manas.html The "Manas" epos] [[en:Kyrgyzstan]] 1064 6300 2004-10-01T17:41:41Z 130.39.222.122 '''कतार''' एशिया महाद्वीपे देश: अस्‍ति. == External links == *[http://english.mofa.gov.qa/ Qatar Ministry of Foreign Affairs] [[en:Qatar]] 1065 6301 2004-09-27T02:23:12Z 65.0.113.141 '''उत्तर अमेरिका''' एक: महाद्वीप: अस्ति. अस्‍य राष्‍ट्रा: [[केनडा]], [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]], [[मेक्‍सिको]], [[ग्‍वाटेमाला]], [[एल साल्‍वाडोर]] 1066 10643 2006-06-19T10:27:14Z DaGizza 117 changed full stop to danda {{notsanskrit}} '''दक्षिण अमेरिका''' एक: महाद्वीप: अस्ति । <br clear="all" /> ==राजनयिक विभागा:== {| cellspacing=0 cellpadding=4 border=1 style="text-align:right;" |- bgcolor="#ececec" style="text-align:center;" ! नाम ! क्षेत्रफल (km&sup2;) ! जनसंख्‍या<br>(2002-07-01 est.) ! जनसंख्‍या density<br>(per km&sup2;) |- | style="text-align:left;" | [[Argentina]] | 2,766,890 | 37,812,817 | 14 |- | style="text-align:left;" | [[Bolivia]] | 1,098,580 | 8,445,134 | 7.7 |- | style="text-align:left;" | [[Brazil]] | 8,511,965 | 176,029,560 | 21 |- | style="text-align:left;" | [[Chile]] | 756,950 | 15,498,930 | 20 |- | style="text-align:left;" | [[Colombia]] | 1,138,910 | 41,008,227 | 36 |- | style="text-align:left;" | [[Ecuador]] | 283,560 | 13,447,494 | 47 |- | style="text-align:left;" | [[Falkland Islands]] (UK) | 12,173 | 2,967 | 0.24 |- | style="text-align:left;" | [[French Guiana]] (Fr.) | 91,000 | 182,333 | 2.0 |- | style="text-align:left;" | [[Guyana]] | 214,970 | 698,209 | 3.2 |- | style="text-align:left;" | [[Paraguay]] | 406,750 | 5,884,491 | 14 |- | style="text-align:left;" | [[Peru]] | 1,285,220 | 27,949,639 | 22 |- | style="text-align:left;" | [[Suriname]] | 163,270 | 436,494 | 2.7 |- | style="text-align:left;" | [[Uruguay]] | 176,220 | 3,386,575 | 19 |- | style="text-align:left;" | [[Venezuela]] | 912,050 | 24,287,670 | 27 |} [[en:South America]] 1067 6303 2004-09-30T23:02:05Z 65.0.124.99 '''आस्ट्रेलिया''' एक: महाद्वीप: एक: राष्‍ट्र च अस्ति. राजधानी - [[केनबेरा]] ===बाह्‍य=== * [http://www.australia.gov.au/ Australian Government Information and Services] * [http://dmoz.org/Regional/Oceania/Australia/ Open Directory Project: Australia] * [http://www.virtualaustralia.com/photos/ Australian Photos] * [http://www.austemb.org/history.htm Australian History] &mdash; from the Washington Embassy * [http://www.australia.com Australian Tourist Commission] * [http://www.ausmag.net Backpacking in Australia] Insider information about backpacking in Australia * [http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/as.html CIA - The World Factbook &mdash; Australia] - [[CIA]]'s Factbook on Australia * [http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/nof/emigrants/ emigration from Britain to Australia] Interactive real story of Nineteenth century * [http://www.synaptic.bc.ca/gallery/lcatntoc.htm#Australi Gallery of Australia Photographs] Attractions primarily in [[Queensland]] and the [[Northern Territory]] * [http://www.csu.edu.au/australia Guide to Australia] Provides essential information about Australia * [http://www.travelconsumer.com/countries/australia.htm Travel guide to Australia] * [http://gutenberg.net.au/dictbiog/00-dict-biogIndex.html Dictionary of Australian Biography, 1949 edition] [[en:Australia]] 1068 6304 2004-08-23T19:08:31Z Murtasa 17 '''अन्टार्क्टिका''' दक्षिण-ध्रुवे एक: महाद्वीप: अस्ति. 1070 12867 2006-12-18T14:54:02Z JAnDbot 239 robot Adding: [[pms:Andòrra]] '''अंडोरा''' <table align=center cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 border=1> <tr> <td>[[Image:Flag of Andorra.svg|79px]]</td> <td rowspan=2>[[Image:AndorraLaVella.jpg|168px|]]</td> <td rowspan=3>[[Image:Andorra map.png|226px]] <tr> <td>[[Image:Satellite image of Andorra in March.jpg|79px|]]</td> <tr> <td colspan=2>[[Image:LocationAndorra.png|249px]]</td> </table> [[af:Andorra]] [[an:Andorra]] [[ang:Andorra]] [[ar:أندورا]] [[arc:ܐܢܕܘܪܐ]] [[ast:Andorra]] [[az:Andorra]] [[be:Андора]] [[bg:Андора]] [[bn:অ্যান্ডোরা]] [[br:Andorra]] [[bs:Andora]] [[ca:Andorra]] [[cs:Andorra]] [[cy:Andorra]] [[da:Andorra]] [[de:Andorra]] [[el:Ανδόρρα]] [[en:Andorra]] [[eo:Andoro]] [[es:Andorra]] [[et:Andorra]] [[eu:Andorra]] [[fa:آندورا]] [[fi:Andorra]] [[fiu-vro:Andorra]] [[fr:Andorre]] [[frp:Andorra]] [[fur:Andorra]] [[fy:Andorra]] [[ga:Andóra]] [[gl:Andorra]] [[he:אנדורה]] [[hi:अन्डोरा]] [[hr:Andora]] [[hu:Andorra]] [[hy:Անդորա]] [[ia:Andorra]] [[id:Andorra]] [[ilo:Andorra]] [[io:Andorra]] [[is:Andorra]] [[it:Andorra]] [[ja:アンドラ]] [[jv:Andorra]] [[ka:ანდორა]] [[km:អង់ដូររា]] [[ko:안도라]] [[ku:Andorra]] [[kw:Andorra]] [[la:Andorra]] [[lb:Andorra]] [[li:Andorra]] [[lt:Andora]] [[lv:Andora]] [[mk:Андора]] [[ms:Andorra]] [[na:Andorra]] [[nds:Andorra]] [[ne:एण्डोरा]] [[nl:Andorra]] [[nn:Andorra]] [[no:Andorra]] [[oc:Andòrra]] [[pam:Andorra]] [[pdc:Andorra]] [[pl:Andora]] [[pms:Andòrra]] [[ps:انډورا]] [[pt:Andorra]] [[qu:Andurra]] [[ro:Andorra]] [[ru:Андорра]] [[sc:Andorra]] [[scn:Andorra]] [[se:Andorra]] [[simple:Andorra]] [[sk:Andorra (štát)]] [[sl:Andora]] [[sq:Andora]] [[sr:Андора]] [[sv:Andorra]] [[tet:Andorra]] [[th:ประเทศอันดอร์รา]] [[tl:Andorra]] [[tr:Andorra]] [[udm:Андорра]] [[ug:ئاندوررا]] [[uk:Андорра]] [[war:Andorra]] [[zh:安道尔]] [[zh-min-nan:Andorra]] 1071 12788 2006-12-17T19:45:54Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[frp:Antigoa-et-Barbuda]] '''अंटीग्वा''' {{substub}} [[an:Antigua y Barbuda]] [[ar:أنتيغا وبربودا]] [[ast:Antigua y Barbuda]] [[bg:Антигуа и Барбуда]] [[bn:এন্টিগুয়া এবং বার্বুডা]] [[bs:Antigva i Barbuda]] [[ca:Antigua i Barbuda]] [[cs:Antigua a Barbuda]] [[da:Antigua og Barbuda]] [[de:Antigua und Barbuda]] [[el:Αντίγκουα και Μπαρμπούντα]] [[en:Antigua and Barbuda]] [[eo:Antigvo-Barbudo]] [[es:Antigua y Barbuda]] [[et:Antigua ja Barbuda]] [[eu:Antigua eta Barbuda]] [[fa:آنتیگوا و باربودا]] [[fi:Antigua ja Barbuda]] [[fr:Antigua-et-Barbuda]] [[frp:Antigoa-et-Barbuda]] [[fy:Antigua en Barbûda]] [[gl:Antiga e Barbuda - Antigua and Barbuda]] [[he:אנטיגואה וברבודה]] [[hr:Antigva i Barbuda]] [[hu:Antigua és Barbuda]] [[ia:Antigua e Barbuda]] [[id:Antigua dan Barbuda]] [[io:Antiga e Barbuda]] [[is:Antígva og Barbúda]] [[it:Antigua e Barbuda]] [[ja:アンティグア・バーブーダ]] [[ko:앤티가 바부다]] [[ku:Antigûa û Berbûda]] [[kw:Antiga ha Barbuda]] [[lt:Antigva ir Barbuda]] [[lv:Antigva un Barbuda]] [[ms:Antigua dan Barbuda]] [[na:Antigua me Barbuda]] [[nds:Antigua un Barbuda]] [[nl:Antigua en Barbuda]] [[nn:Antigua og Barbuda]] [[no:Antigua og Barbuda]] [[oc:Antigua e Barbuda]] [[pam:Antigua and Barbuda]] [[pl:Antigua i Barbuda]] [[ps:انټيګ او بربودا]] [[pt:Antígua e Barbuda]] [[ro:Antigua şi Barbuda]] [[ru:Антигуа и Барбуда]] [[scn:Antigua e Barbuda]] [[sh:Antigva i Barbuda]] [[simple:Antigua and Barbuda]] [[sk:Antigua a Barbuda]] [[sl:Antigva in Barbuda]] [[sq:Antigua dhe Barbuda]] [[sr:Антигва и Барбуда]] [[sv:Antigua och Barbuda]] [[tl:Antigua at Barbuda]] [[tr:Antigua ve Barbuda]] [[uk:Антигуа і Барбуда]] [[zh:安提瓜和巴布达]] [[zh-min-nan:Antigua kap Barbuda]] 1072 10578 2006-05-24T09:27:36Z DaGizza 117 format [[en:Israel]] '''इस्रेल''' एशिया पश्‍चिमे एक: प्राचीन क्षेत्र अस्‍ति । अस्‍य राजधानी [[जेरुसलम]] अस्‍ति । [[यहूदी]] आगम यत्र उद्‌भूता । ===विविध विषय:=== *[[अरब-इस्रैल संघर्ष]] {{stub}} 1073 13051 2006-12-20T16:04:11Z Thijs!bot 230 robot Adding: [[bo:དགྱིའི་དའ་རླིས]] '''इटली''' [[यूरोप]] दक्षिणे एक: प्राचीन क्षेत्र अस्‍ति. अस्‍य राजधानी [[रोमा]] अस्‍ति। इटली देशे एक: महान साम्राज्‍य आसीत्‌। ===विविध विषय:=== *[[मिलानो]] *[[फ्‍लोरेंस]] ===बाह्‍य=== *[http://www.quirinale.it/ Presidenza della Repubblica] - Official site of the Italian president (in Italian) *[http://www.parlamento.it/ Parlamento] - Official site of the Italian parliament (Senate in Italian only) *[http://www.gov.it/ gov.it Main governmental portal] (in Italian) *[http://www.esteri.it/eng/index.htm Farnesina, Italian Foreign Office] *[http://www.mi.cnr.it/WOI/woiindex.html Windows on Italy] - More information about Italy (in English) *[http://numismondo.com/pm/ita/ Italy Banknotes] *[http://en.comuni-italiani.it/ Italian Cities and Towns] - Information and useful link * [http://www.it-aly.com Italy] - Directory in English [[af:Italië]] [[als:Italien]] [[an:Italia]] [[ar:إيطاليا]] [[arc:ܐܝܜܠܝܐ]] [[ast:Italia]] [[az:İtaliya]] [[bar:Italien]] [[bat-smg:Italėjė]] [[be:Італія]] [[bg:Италия]] [[bo:དགྱིའི་དའ་རླིས]] [[br:Italia]] [[bs:Italija]] [[ca:Itàlia]] [[co:Italia]] [[cs:Itálie]] [[cu:Италї]] [[cv:Итали]] [[cy:Yr Eidal]] [[da:Italien]] [[de:Italien]] [[el:Ιταλία]] [[en:Italy]] [[eo:Italio]] [[es:Italia]] [[et:Itaalia]] [[eu:Italia]] [[fa:ایتالیا]] [[fi:Italia]] [[fiu-vro:Itaalia]] [[fr:Italie]] [[frp:Étalie]] [[fur:Italie]] [[fy:Itaalje]] [[ga:An Iodáil]] [[gl:Italia]] [[haw:Italia]] [[he:איטליה]] [[hi:इटली]] [[hr:Italija]] [[ht:Itali]] [[hu:Olaszország]] [[hy:Իտալիա]] [[ia:Italia]] [[id:Italia]] [[ilo:Italia]] [[io:Italia]] [[is:Ítalía]] [[it:Italia]] [[ja:イタリア]] [[jbo:gugdrxitali]] [[ka:იტალია]] [[kn:ಇಟಲಿ]] [[ko:이탈리아]] [[ku:Îtalya]] [[kw:Itali]] [[la:Italia]] [[lad:Italia]] [[lb:Italien]] [[li:Italië]] [[lmo:Itàlia]] [[lt:Italija]] [[lv:Itālija]] [[mk:Италија]] [[ml:ഇറ്റലി]] [[mr:इटली]] [[ms:Itali]] [[mt:Italja]] [[na:Italy]] [[nap:Italia]] [[nds:Italien]] [[nds-nl:Italiën]] [[ne:इटाली]] [[nl:Italië]] [[nn:Italia]] [[no:Italia]] [[nrm:Italie]] [[oc:Itàlia]] [[os:Итали]] [[pam:Italy]] [[pl:Włochy]] [[pms:Italia]] [[ps:اټاليا]] [[pt:Itália]] [[qu:Italya]] [[rm:Italia]] [[rmy:Italiya]] [[ro:Italia]] [[roa-rup:Italia]] [[ru:Италия]] [[sc:Itàlia]] [[scn:Italia]] [[sh:Italija]] [[simple:Italy]] [[sk:Taliansko]] [[sl:Italija]] [[so:Talyaaniga]] [[sq:Italia]] [[sr:Италија]] [[sv:Italien]] [[sw:Italia]] [[ta:இத்தாலி]] [[tg:Итолиё]] [[th:ประเทศอิตาลี]] [[tl:Italya]] [[tpi:Italia]] [[tr:İtalya]] [[ty:’Itāria]] [[uk:Італія]] [[ur:اٹلی]] [[vec:Itałia]] [[vi:Ý]] [[vo:Litaliyän]] [[yi:איטאליע]] [[zh:意大利]] [[zh-classical:義大利]] [[zh-min-nan:Italia]] [[zh-yue:意大利]] 1074 12573 2006-12-10T07:27:04Z Zwobot 86 robot Adding: az, be, bn, el, fa, frp, gd, hy, ilo, ka, kg, kw, mk, oc, pam, ps, se, sh, so, sw, tg, ug, vi '''ईथ्योपिया''' अफ्रीका महाद्वीपे उत्तरे स्‍थित:. == External links and references == * [[CIA World Factbook]] [http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/et.html] *[[University of Pennsylvania]] African Studies Center Ethiopia Page [http://www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Studies/Country_Specific/Ethiopia.html] * http://www.St-Takla.org Saint Takla Haymanout the Ethiopian Coptic Orthodox Church, Alexandria - Egypt [[af:Ethiopië]] [[am:ኢትዮጵያ]] [[an:Etiopia]] [[ar:إثيوبيا]] [[ast:Etiopía]] [[az:Efiopiya]] [[be:Этыёпія]] [[bg:Етиопия]] [[bn:ইথিওপিয়া]] [[bs:Etiopija]] [[ca:Etiòpia]] [[cs:Etiopie]] [[cy:Ethiopia]] [[da:Etiopien]] [[de:Äthiopien]] [[el:Αιθιοπία]] [[en:Ethiopia]] [[eo:Etiopio]] [[es:Etiopía]] [[et:Etioopia]] [[eu:Etiopia]] [[fa:اتیوپی]] [[fi:Etiopia]] [[fr:Éthiopie]] [[frp:Ètiopie]] [[gd:Eitiopia]] [[gl:Etiopía - Ityop'iya]] [[he:אתיופיה]] [[hr:Etiopija]] [[ht:Etyopi]] [[hu:Etiópia]] [[hy:Եթովպիա]] [[ia:Ethiopia]] [[id:Ethiopia]] [[ilo:Etyopia]] [[io:Etiopia]] [[is:Eþíópía]] [[it:Etiopia]] [[ja:エチオピア]] [[ka:ეთიოპია]] [[kg:Itiopia]] [[ko:에티오피아]] [[kw:Ethiopi]] [[la:Aethiopia]] [[li:Ethiopië]] [[lt:Etiopija]] [[lv:Etiopija]] [[mg:Etiopia]] [[mk:Етиопија]] [[ms:Habsyah]] [[na:Ethiopia]] [[nds:Äthiopien]] [[nl:Ethiopië]] [[nn:Etiopia]] [[no:Etiopia]] [[oc:Etiopia]] [[pam:Ethiopia]] [[pl:Etiopia]] [[ps:اېتوپيا]] [[pt:Etiópia]] [[rm:Etiopia]] [[ro:Etiopia]] [[ru:Эфиопия]] [[scn:Etiopia]] [[se:Etiopia]] [[sh:Etiopija]] [[simple:Ethiopia]] [[sk:Etiópia]] [[sl:Etiopija]] [[so:Itoobiya]] [[sq:Etiopia]] [[sr:Етиопија]] [[sv:Etiopien]] [[sw:Ethiopia]] [[tg:Этиупия]] [[th:ประเทศเอธิโอเปีย]] [[tl:Ethiopia]] [[tr:Etiyopya]] [[ug:ئېفىئوپىيە]] [[uk:Ефіопія]] [[vi:Ethiopia]] [[zh:埃塞俄比亚]] [[zh-min-nan:Ityop'iya]] 1075 12784 2006-12-17T19:27:29Z Escarbot 175 robot Adding: [[ku:Ûrûgûay]] Modifying: [[uk:Уругвай]] '''उरुग्वाय''' दक्षिण अमेरिका महाद्वीपे स्‍थित:. == External links == * [http://www.presidencia.gub.uy/ Presidencia de la República Oriental del Uruguay] - Official presidential site (in Spanish) * [http://www.uruguay.com/ Uruguay.com] - Uruguayan portal (in Spanish, with English links) [[af:Uruguay]] [[an:Uruguai]] [[ar:أوروغواي]] [[az:Uruqvay]] [[be:Уругвай]] [[bg:Уругвай]] [[bs:Urugvaj]] [[ca:Uruguai]] [[cs:Uruguay]] [[da:Uruguay]] [[de:Uruguay]] [[el:Ουρουγουάη]] [[en:Uruguay]] [[eo:Urugvajo]] [[es:Uruguay]] [[et:Uruguay]] [[eu:Uruguai]] [[fa:اروگوئه]] [[fi:Uruguay]] [[fiu-vro:Uruguay]] [[fr:Uruguay]] [[ga:Uragua]] [[gl:Uruguai - Uruguay]] [[he:אורוגוואי]] [[hr:Urugvaj]] [[ht:Irigwe]] [[hu:Uruguay]] [[id:Uruguay]] [[ilo:Uruguay]] [[io:Uruguay]] [[is:Úrúgvæ]] [[it:Uruguay]] [[ja:ウルグアイ]] [[ka:ურუგვაი]] [[ko:우루과이]] [[ku:Ûrûgûay]] [[kw:Urugway]] [[la:Uruguaia]] [[lt:Urugvajus]] [[lv:Urugvaja]] [[mk:Уругвај]] [[ms:Uruguay]] [[nds:Uruguay]] [[nl:Uruguay]] [[nn:Uruguay]] [[no:Uruguay]] [[oc:Uruguai]] [[pam:Uruguay]] [[pl:Urugwaj]] [[pt:Uruguai]] [[qu:Uruwayi]] [[rm:Uruguay]] [[ro:Uruguay]] [[ru:Уругвай]] [[sh:Urugvaj]] [[simple:Uruguay]] [[sk:Uruguaj]] [[sl:Urugvaj]] [[sq:Uruguai]] [[sr:Уругвај]] [[sv:Uruguay]] [[sw:Uruguay]] [[ta:உருகுவே]] [[tet:Uruguai]] [[tg:Уругуай]] [[th:ประเทศอุรุกวัย]] [[tl:Uruguay]] [[tr:Uruguay]] [[ug:ئۇرۇگۋاي]] [[uk:Уругвай]] [[vi:Uruguay]] [[yi:אורוגװיי]] [[zh:乌拉圭]] [[zh-min-nan:Uruguay]] 1076 12974 2006-12-18T23:34:17Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: be, br, el, frp, ht, hy, io, ku, kw, la, oc, pam, ps, sh, simple, ug, ur, vi, vo, yi Modifying: tg, uz '''उजबेकिस्थान''' एशिया महाद्वीपे देश: अस्‍ति. *राजधानी - ताशकेंत <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px"> <caption><font size="+1">'''O&#8216;zbekiston Respublikasi'''</font></caption> <tr><td style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2> <table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> <tr><td align="center" width="140px">[[Image:Flag of Uzbekistan.svg|125px|Flag of Uzbekistan]]</td> <td align="center" width="140px">[[Image:Sin escudo.svg|140px|Coat of arms of Uzbekistan|100px]]</td></tr> <tr><td align="center" width="140px">([[Flag of Uzbekistan|In detail]])</td> <td align="center" width="140px">([[Media:Gerb.gif|Full size]])</td></tr> </table></td></tr> <tr><td align="center" colspan=2 style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;"><font size="-1">''National [[motto]]: none''</font></td></tr> <tr><td align=center colspan=2>[[image:LocationUzbekistan.png]]</td></tr> <tr><td>Official [[language]] </td><td>[[Uzbek language|Uzbek]]</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Capital]] </td><td>[[Tashkent]]</td></tr> <tr><td>President </td><td>[[Islam Karimov]]</td></tr> <tr><td>Prime Minister </td><td>[[Shavkat Mirziyayev]]</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Area]]<br>&mdash; Total <br>&mdash; % water</td> <td>[[List of countries by area|Ranked 55th]] <br> 447,400 [[square kilometer|km&sup2;]] <br> 4.9%</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Population]] <br> &mdash; Total (2002) <br>&mdash; [[Density]] </td> <td>[[List of countries by population|Ranked 41st]] <br> 25,563,441 <br> 57/km&sup2; </td></tr> <tr><td>[[Independence]] <br> &mdash; Declared <br> &mdash; Recognised </td> <td>From [[Soviet Union]] <br> [[September 1]], [[1991]] <br> (Year)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Currency]] </td><td>Uzbekistani som (UKS)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Time zone]] </td><td>[[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] +5</td></tr> <tr><td>[[National anthem]] </td><td>[[National Anthem of the Republic of Uzbekistan]]</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Top-level domain|Internet TLD]]</td><td>.UZ</td></tr> <tr><td>[[List_of_country_calling_codes|Calling Code]]</td><td>998</td></tr> </table> == External links == *http://www.uzbekistanembassy.uk.net/main/uzbekistan/index.html [[af:Oesbekistan]] [[an:Usbekistán]] [[ar:أوزبكستان]] [[ast:Uzbequistán]] [[az:Özbəkistan]] [[be:Узбэкістан]] [[bg:Узбекистан]] [[br:Ouzbekistan]] [[bs:Uzbekistan]] [[ca:Uzbekistan]] [[cs:Uzbekistán]] [[cv:Узбекистан]] [[cy:Uzbekistan]] [[da:Usbekistan]] [[de:Usbekistan]] [[el:Ουζμπεκιστάν]] [[en:Uzbekistan]] [[eo:Uzbekio]] [[es:Uzbekistán]] [[et:Usbekistan]] [[eu:Uzbekistan]] [[fa:ازبکستان]] [[fi:Uzbekistan]] [[fr:Ouzbékistan]] [[frp:Ozbèquistan]] [[fy:Oezbekistan]] [[gl:Usbequistán - O‘zbekiston]] [[he:אוזבקיסטן]] [[hr:Uzbekistan]] [[ht:Ouzbekistan]] [[hu:Üzbegisztán]] [[hy:Ուզբեկիստան]] [[ia:Uzbekistan]] [[id:Usbekistan]] [[io:Uzbekistan]] [[is:Úsbekistan]] [[it:Uzbekistan]] [[ja:ウズベキスタン]] [[ka:უზბეკეთი]] [[kk:Өзбекстан]] [[ko:우즈베키스탄]] [[ku:Ûzbêkistan]] [[kw:Pow Ousbek]] [[ky:Өзбекстан]] [[la:Usbecia]] [[li:Oesbekistan]] [[lt:Uzbekija]] [[lv:Uzbekistāna]] [[ms:Uzbekistan]] [[nds:Usbekistan]] [[nl:Oezbekistan]] [[nn:Usbekistan]] [[no:Usbekistan]] [[oc:Ozbequistan]] [[pam:Uzbekistan]] [[pl:Uzbekistan]] [[ps:ازبکستان]] [[pt:Uzbequistão]] [[ro:Uzbekistan]] [[ru:Узбекистан]] [[sh:Uzbekistan]] [[simple:Uzbekistan]] [[sk:Uzbekistan]] [[sl:Uzbekistan]] [[sq:Uzbekistani]] [[sr:Узбекистан]] [[sv:Uzbekistan]] [[te:ఉజ్బెకిస్తాన్]] [[tg:Ӯзбакистон]] [[th:ประเทศอุซเบกิสถาน]] [[tl:Uzbekistan]] [[tr:Özbekistan]] [[tt:Özbäkstan]] [[ug:ئۆزبېكىستان]] [[uk:Узбекистан]] [[ur:ازبکستان]] [[uz:Oʻzbekiston]] [[vi:Uzbekistan]] [[vo:Lusbekän]] [[yi:אוזבעקיסטאַן]] [[zh:乌兹别克斯坦]] [[zh-min-nan:Uzbekistan]] 1077 12993 2006-12-19T01:46:33Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[frp:Suriname]] {{notsanskrit}} '''सुरिनाम''' (also spelled '''Surinam''') is a country in northern [[South America]], in between [[French Guiana]] to the east and [[Guyana]] to the west. The southern border is shared with [[Brazil]] and the northern border is the [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]] coast. The most southern part of the border with Guyana is disputed (upper Corantijn river - the map shows the Guyana version of the border). <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right"> <caption><font size="+1">'''Republiek Suriname'''</font></caption> <tr><td style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2> <table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> <tr><td align="center" width="140px">[[Image:Flag of Suriname.svg|125px|]]</td> <td align="center" width="140px" rowspan="2" height="110px">[[Image:Suriname_coa.png]]</td></tr> <tr><td align="center" width="140px">([[Flag of Suriname|In Detail]])</td> </table></td></tr> <tr><td align="center" colspan=2 style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;"><font size="-1">''National [[motto]]: Justitia - Pietas - Fides<br> ([[Latin]]: Justice - Piety - Loyalty)''</font></td></tr> <tr><td align=center colspan=2>[[image:LocationSuriname.png]]</td></tr> <tr><td>Official [[language]] </td><td>[[Dutch language|Dutch]]</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Capital]] </td><td>[[Paramaribo]]</td></tr> <tr><td>President </td><td>[[Ronald Venetiaan]]</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Area]]<br>&nbsp;- Total <br>&nbsp;- % water</td><td>[[List of countries by area|Ranked 90th]] <br> 163,270 [[square kilometer|km&sup2;]] <br> 1.10% </td></tr> <tr><td>[[Population]] <br>&nbsp;- Total ([[2001]]) <br>&nbsp;- [[Population density|Density]]</td><td>[[List of countries by population|Ranked 163rd]] <br> 433,998 <br> 2.66/km&sup2; </td></tr> <tr><td>[[Independence]] <br>&nbsp;- Date </td><td>From the [[Netherlands]] <br>[[November 25]], [[1975]]</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Currency]] </td><td>[[Suriname dollar]]</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Time zone]] </td><td>[[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] -4</td></tr> <tr><td>[[National anthem]] </td><td>[[God zij met ons Suriname]]</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Top-level domain|Internet TLD]]</td><td>.SR</td></tr> <tr><td>[[List_of_country_calling_codes|Calling Code]]</td><td>597</td></tr> </table> == History == ''Main article: [[History of Suriname]]'' Though [[Netherlands|Dutch]] traders had established several colonies in the [[Guiana]] region before, the Dutch did not get hold of what is now Suriname until the [[Treaty of Breda]], settling the end of the [[Second Anglo-Dutch War]]. After becoming an autonomous part of the [[Kingdom of the Netherlands]] in [[1954]], independence was granted in [[1975]]. A military regime led by [[Desi Bouterse]] ruled the country in the [[1980s]], until [[democracy]] was re-established in [[1988]]. == Politics == ''Main article: [[Politics of Suriname]]'' Suriname is a [[democracy]] based on the 1987 [[constitution]]. The government's [[legislative branch]] is the National Assembly, consisting of 51 members. These members are elected every five years. The National Assembly elects the head of the [[executive branch]], the president, by a two-third majority. If no candidate achieves such a majority, the president is elected by the People's Assembly, a 340 member institute consisting of the National Assembly and regional representatives. == Districts == ''Main article: [[Districts of Suriname]]'' Suriname is divided into ten districts: * [[Brokopondo]] * [[Commewijne]] * [[Coronie]] * [[Marowijne]] * [[Nickerie]] * [[Para, Suriname|Para]] * [[Paramaribo district|Paramaribo]] * [[Saramacca]] * [[Sipaliwini]] * [[Wanica]] == Geography == ''Main article: [[Geography of Suriname]]'' [[Image:Suriname-map.png|right|Map of Suriname]] Suriname is the smallest country in [[South America]] (not counting French Guiana, as this is part of France). It is situated on the [[Guiana Shield]], the highest point being the [[Julianatop]] (1,286 m above sea level). The land can be artificially divided into two parts. The northern, coastal area has been cultivated, and most of the population lives here. The southern part consists of sparsely inhabited tropical [[rainforest]]. Lying near the [[equator]], the climate in Suriname is tropical, and temperatures do not vary a lot throughout the year. The year has two rainy seasons, from December to early February and from late April to mid-August. Located in the northeast portion of the country is the W.J. van Blommesteinmeer, a large reservoir lake, created in 1964 by a [[dam]] (Brokopondo project). The dam was built to provide electricity for the [[bauxite]] mining industry (which consumes about 75% of the output) and for domestic consumption. == Economy == ''Main article: [[Economy of Suriname]]'' The [[economics|economy]] of [[Suriname]] is dominated by the [[bauxite]] industry, which accounts for more than 15% of [[Gross domestic product|GDP]] and 70% of export earnings. Other main export products include [[sugar]], and Suriname has some [[oil]] and [[gold]] reserves. About a quarter of the people work in the [[agriculture|agricultural]] sector. The Surinamese economy is very dependent on other countries, its main trade partners being the [[Netherlands]], the [[United States]] and countries in the [[Caribbean]]. After assuming power in the fall of [[1996]], the [[Jules Albert Wijdenbosch|Wijdenbosch]] government ended the structural adjustment program of the previous government, claiming it was unfair to the poorer elements of society. [[Tax]] revenues fell as old taxes lapsed and the government failed to implement new tax alternatives. By the end of [[1997]], the allocation of new [[Netherlands|Dutch]] development funds was frozen as Surinamese Government relations with the [[Netherlands]] deteriorated. Economic growth slowed in [[1998]], with decline in the [[mining]], [[construction]], and [[utility sector]]s. Rampant government expenditures, poor tax collection, a bloated civil service, and reduced foreign aid in [[1999]] contributed to the fiscal deficit, estimated at 11% of GDP. The government sought to cover this deficit through monetary expansion, which led to a dramatic increase in [[inflation]] and [[exchange rate]] depreciation. Suriname's economic prospects for the medium term will depend on renewed commitment to responsible monetary and fiscal policies and to the introduction of structural reforms to liberalize markets and promote competition. == Demographics == ''Main article: [[Demographics of Suriname]]'' The Surinamese population is made up of several minority groups. The largest part is formed by the Hindustani, descendants of [[19th century]] immigrants from [[India]], about 37% of the population. The Creole, mixed white and black form about 31%, while the [[Java island|Javanese]] ("imported" from the former [[Dutch East Indies]]) and Maroons (descendants of escaped [[Africa]]n slaves) make up 15 and 10 percent, respectively. The remainder is formed by [[Amerindians]], [[China|Chinese]] and whites. Because of the great number of ethnic groups in the country, there is no main religion. Most of the Hindustani are [[Hindu]], but [[Islam]] and [[Christianity]] are also widespread. Christianity is dominant among Creoles and Maroons. While [[Dutch language|Dutch]] is the official language of Suriname, [[Sranang Tongo]], originally a Creole language, is the ''[[lingua franca]]''. The Surinamese of [[Asia]]n descent often also speak their own languages. Also, the original [[Carib languages|Carib]] and [[Arawakan languages|Arowak]] Amerindians of Suriname speak their own languages, as do the descendants of escaped slaves in the interior; [[Akan|Aucan]] (n'Djuga) and [[Saramaccan]]. == Culture == ''Main article: [[Culture of Suriname]]'' Due to the mix of population groups, the Surinamese culture is very diverse. *[[Music of Suriname]] == Miscellaneous topics == * [[Communications in Suriname]] * [[Transportation in Suriname]] * [[Military of Suriname]] * [[Foreign relations of Suriname]] * [[List of cities in Suriname]] == External links == * [http://www.suriname.nu ANDA Suriname] - Surinamese portal (in Dutch) * [http://www.statoids.com/usr.html Suriname's entry in Statoids] {{South_America}} {{Caricom}} {{OAS}} [[Category:South American countries]] [[af:Suriname]] [[an:Surinam]] [[ar:سورينام]] [[ast:Surinam]] [[bg:Суринам]] [[bs:Surinam]] [[ca:Surinam]] [[cs:Surinam]] [[da:Surinam]] [[de:Suriname]] [[el:Σουρινάμ]] [[en:Suriname]] [[eo:Surinamo]] [[es:Surinam]] [[et:Suriname]] [[eu:Surinam]] [[fa:سورینام]] [[fi:Surinam]] [[fr:Suriname]] [[frp:Suriname]] [[ga:Suranam]] [[gd:Suriname]] [[gl:Surinam - Suriname]] [[he:סורינאם]] [[hr:Surinam]] [[hu:Suriname]] [[id:Suriname]] [[ilo:Surinam]] [[io:Surinam]] [[is:Súrínam]] [[it:Suriname]] [[ja:スリナム]] [[jv:Suriname]] [[ko:수리남]] [[kw:Surinam]] [[la:Surinamia]] [[li:Suriname]] [[lt:Surinamas]] [[lv:Surinama]] [[mk:Суринам]] [[ms:Suriname]] [[nds:Surinam]] [[nl:Suriname]] [[nn:Surinam]] [[no:Surinam]] [[oc:Surinam]] [[pam:Suriname]] [[pl:Surinam]] [[ps:سورېنام]] [[pt:Suriname]] [[ro:Surinam]] [[ru:Суринам]] [[scn:Surinami]] [[se:Surinam]] [[sh:Surinam]] [[simple:Suriname]] [[sk:Surinam]] [[sl:Surinam]] [[sq:Surinami]] [[sr:Суринам]] [[sv:Surinam]] [[sw:Surinam]] [[ta:சுரினாம்]] [[tet:Suriname]] [[th:ประเทศซูรินาเม]] [[tl:Suriname]] [[tr:Surinam]] [[uk:Суринам]] [[vi:Suriname]] [[yi:סורינאם]] [[zh:蘇利南]] [[zh-min-nan:Suriname]] 1078 12897 2006-12-18T20:13:53Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[frp:Hongrie]] '''हंगरी''' मध्‍ये यूरोपे अस्‍ति. राजधानी - [[बूडापेस्‍ट]] जनसंख्‍या - १२ मिलियन == इतिहास == Tradition holds that Hungary was founded by [[Árpád]], who led the [[Magyars]] into the [[Pannonia]]n plains in the [[9th century]]. The [[kingdom]] of Hungary was established in [[1000]] by [[Stephen of Hungary|Saint-King Stephen the Great]]. Initially the history of Hungary was made in the triangle with [[Poland]] and [[Bohemia]], with the many liaisons with Popes and Emperors of the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. Gradually Hungary turned into a big, independent kingdom, that formed a tolerant Central European culture, as a part of European [[civilisation]]. The Hungarian culture influenced others, i.e. [[Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth]]. The golden age ended with the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] conquest at the beginning of the [[16th century]], when the rest of Hungary came under [[Austria]]n control in the [[16th century]], with Austria conquering all of Hungary by the end of the [[17th century]]. Under the Austrian [[Habsburg]] dynasty, Hungary would eventually, in [[1867]], become an autonomous part of the [[Austro-Hungarian Empire]], until the Empire's collapse following [[World War I]]. Hungary separated from Austria on [[October 31]], [[1918]]. In March [[1919]] the communists joined the government, and in April, [[Bela Kun]] proclaimed the [[Hungarian Soviet Republic]]. A period of red terror began; the [[Romania|Romanian]] army invaded, the communist forces were defeated and the Soviet Republic toppled on [[August 6]] 1919. In January [[1920]], elections were held for a unicameral assembly. Admiral [[Miklós Horthy]] was elected Regent. In June, the [[Treaty of Trianon]] was signed, fixing Hungary's borders. Compared with the prewar Kingdom, the size and population of Hungary were reduced by about two-thirds. Over a decade later, Horthy made a limited alliance with [[Nazi Germany]] in the [[1930s]], in the hope of revising the territorial losses that had followed World War I. Hungary was rewarded by Germany with territories belonging to [[Czechoslovakia]], [[Yugoslavia]] and Romania, and took an active part in [[World War II]]. However, in October 1944, [[Hitler]] had to replace Horthy with a Hungarian Nazi collaborator to avert Hungary's defection. Following the fall of Hitler, Hungary once again was run by communists. In [[1956]], a [[1956 Hungarian Revolution|revolt]] and announced withdrawal from the [[Warsaw Pact]] were met with a military intervention by the [[Soviet Union]] and led to the deposition and execution of prime minister [[Imre Nagy]]. In the late [[1980s]], Hungary led the movement to dissolve the [[Warsaw Pact]] and shifted toward multiparty democracy and a market-oriented economy. Following the collapse of the Soviet Union in [[1991]], Hungary developed closer ties with Western Europe, joined [[NATO]] in [[1999]] and joined the [[European Union]] on [[May 1]], [[2004]]. == राजनीति == The [[President of Hungary|President of the Republic]], elected by the [[parliament]] every 4 years, has a largely ceremonial role, but powers also include appointing the [[Prime Minister of Hungary|prime minister]]. The prime minister selects [[cabinet (government)|cabinet]] ministers and has the exclusive right to dismiss them. Each cabinet nominee appears before one or more parliamentary committees in consultative open hearings and must be formally approved by the president. The [[unicameral]], 386-member National Assembly (the ''Országgy&#369;lés'') is the highest organ of state authority and initiates and approves legislation sponsored by the prime minister. A party must win at least 5% of the national vote to form a parliamentary faction. National parliamentary elections are held every 4 years (the last was in April 2002). A 15-member Constitutional Court has power to challenge legislation on grounds of unconstitutionality. Some 98% of the population speaks [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]], a [[Finno Ugric]] language unrelated to any neighbouring language. Several ethnic minorities exist, such as those of the [[Roma (people)|Roma]] (4%), [[ethnic German|German]]s (2.6%), [[Serbs]] (2%), [[Croats]] (0.9%), [[Slovaks]] (0.8%) and [[Romanians]] (0.7%), though most speak Hungarian. Several large Hungarian minorities exist across the border in neighbouring countries, notably in [[Ukraine]] (in Transcarpathia) , [[Slovakia]], [[Romania]] (in [[Transylvania]]) and [[Serbia]] (in [[Vojvodina]]). The largest religion in Hungary is [[Roman Catholicism]] (67.5%), with a [[Calvinist]] minority (20%). Other smaller denominations include [[Lutheran]]s (5%) and [[Jews]] (0.2%). The remainder adheres to very small religions or is unaffiliated. == संस्‍कृति == *[[List of Hungarians]] *[[List of Hungarian rulers]] *[[List of Hungarian writers]] *[[Music of Hungary]] *[[Hungarian cuisine]] *[[List_of_most_popular_family_names#Hungary|Common Hungarian surnames]] == विविध विषया: == *[[Communications in Hungary]] *[[Transportation in Hungary]] *[[Military of Hungary]] *[[Foreign relations of Hungary]] == बाह्‍य ग्रन्‍थिया: == *[http://www.hungary.com/corvinus/ History of Hungary - The Corvinus Library] *[http://cityguide.budapestrooms.com/hungary/history1.htm History of Hungary - Chronological Survey: 2500 BC - 2004 AD] *[http://www.ekormanyzat.hu/english Hungarian Government Portal] - Main (governmental) portal *[http://www.kancellaria.gov.hu/index_e.html Kancellaria.gov.hu] - Official prime ministerial site *[http://www.parlament.hu/parl_en.htm House of the Nation] - Official parliamentary site *[http://cityguide.budapestrooms.com/hungary/ Travel to Hungary Guide] *[http://www.hunmagyar.org/hungary/history/history.htm Hungarian History] (Hungarian Folk Dance Chamber Group) *[http://www.andkon.com/stuf/summer2003/summer.html Hungary in Pictures] (Some pictures of Budapest and Hungarian towns) [[af:Hongarye]] [[als:Ungarn]] [[am:ሀንጋሪ]] [[an:Ongría]] [[ar:مجر]] [[arc:ܡܓܪ]] [[ast:Hungría]] [[az:Macarıstan]] [[bar:Ungarn]] [[be:Вугоршчына]] [[bg:Унгария]] [[br:Hungaria]] [[bs:Mađarska]] [[ca:Hongria]] [[cs:Maďarsko]] [[cv:Венгри]] [[cy:Hwngari]] [[da:Ungarn]] [[de:Ungarn]] [[el:Ουγγαρία]] [[en:Hungary]] [[eo:Hungario]] [[es:Hungría]] [[et:Ungari]] [[eu:Hungaria]] [[fa:مجارستان]] [[fi:Unkari]] [[fiu-vro:Ungari]] [[fo:Ungarn]] [[fr:Hongrie]] [[frp:Hongrie]] [[fy:Hongarije]] [[ga:An Ungáir]] [[gd:An Ungair]] [[gl:Hungría - Magyarország]] [[gv:Yn Ungaar]] [[he:הונגריה]] [[hr:Mađarska]] [[hsb:Madźarska]] [[ht:Ongri]] [[hu:Magyarország]] [[hy:Հունգարիա]] [[ia:Hungaria]] [[id:Hongaria]] [[io:Hungaria]] [[is:Ungverjaland]] [[it:Ungheria]] [[ja:ハンガリー]] [[ka:უნგრეთი]] [[ko:헝가리]] [[ku:Macaristan]] [[kw:Hungari]] [[ky:Венгрия]] [[la:Hungaria]] [[lb:Ungarn]] [[li:Hongarieë]] [[lt:Vengrija]] [[lv:Ungārija]] [[mk:Унгарија]] [[mo:Унгария]] [[mr:हंगेरी]] [[ms:Hungary]] [[na:Ungari]] [[nds:Ungarn]] [[nds-nl:Hongaarnlaand]] [[ne:हंगेरी]] [[nl:Hongarije]] [[nn:Ungarn]] [[no:Ungarn]] [[nrm:Hongrie]] [[oc:Ongria]] [[os:Венгри]] [[pam:Hungary]] [[pl:Węgry]] [[pms:Ungherìa]] [[ps:هنګري]] [[pt:Hungria]] [[rmy:Ungariya]] [[ro:Ungaria]] [[ru:Венгрия]] [[scn:Unghirìa]] [[sco:Hungary]] [[se:Ungár]] [[sh:Mađarska]] [[simple:Hungary]] [[sk:Maďarsko]] [[sl:Madžarska]] [[sq:Hungaria]] [[sr:Мађарска]] [[sv:Ungern]] [[sw:Hungaria]] [[tet:Ungria]] [[tg:Маҷористон]] [[th:ประเทศฮังการี]] [[tl:Hungary]] [[tpi:Hungari]] [[tr:Macaristan]] [[udm:Венгрия]] [[ug:ۋېنگرىيە]] [[uk:Угорщина]] [[uz:Vengriya]] [[vi:Hungary]] [[vo:Macarän]] [[yi:אונגארן]] [[zh:匈牙利]] [[zh-min-nan:Magyar-kok]] [[zh-yue:匈牙利]] 1079 12894 2006-12-18T20:11:01Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[frp:Hayiti]], [[sw:Haiti]] '''हेटी''' is a country situated on the western third of the island of [[Hispaniola]] in the [[Caribbean Sea]], east of [[Cuba]]. A former [[France|French]] colony, it was one of the first countries of [[the Americas]], after the [[United States]], to declare its independence. <!-- Haiti is currently in a state of [[anarchy]] following a [[2004 Haiti Rebellion|rebellion]] against its President.--> <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" style="margin-left:0.5em;" width="300px"> <caption><font size="+1">'''République d'Haïti'''</font></caption> <tr><td style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2"> <table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> <tr><td align="center" width="140px">[[Image:Flag of Haiti.svg|125px|Flag of Haiti]]</td> <td align="center" width="140px">[[Image:Haiti-wappen.png|125px|Coat of arms]]</td></tr> <tr><td align="center" width="140px">[[Flag of Haiti|(In Detail)]]</td> <td align="center" width="140px"></td></tr></table></td></tr> <tr><td align="center" colspan=2 style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;"><font size="-1">''National [[motto]]: L'Union Fait La Force<br>([[French language|French]], Union Makes Strength)''</font></td></tr> <tr><td align=center colspan=2>[[image:LocationHaiti.png]]</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Official language]]s</td> <td>[[French language|French]], [[Haitian Creole|Creole]]</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Capital]]</td><td>[[Port-au-Prince]]</td></tr> <tr><td>[[List of Presidents of Haiti|President]]</td><td>[[Boniface Alexandre]] (interim)</td></tr> <tr><td>Prime Minister</td><td>[[Gérard Latortue]]</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Area]]<br>&nbsp;- Total <br>&nbsp;- % water</td> <td>[[List of countries by area|Ranked 143rd]]<br> 27,750 [[square kilometer|km&sup2;]]<br> 0.7%</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Population]]<br>&nbsp;- Total (Year)<br>&nbsp;- [[Population density|Density]]</td> <td>[[List of countries by population|Ranked 92nd]]<br> 7.5 million (July 2003)<br> 271/km&sup2; </td></tr> <tr><td>[[Gross Domestic Product|GDP]]<br>&nbsp;- Total ([[Year]])<br>&nbsp;- GDP/head </td><td> <br>$10.6 billion (2002)<br> $1,400 </td></tr> <tr><td>[[Currency]]</td><td>Gourde (HTG)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Time zone]]</td><td>[[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] -5 (no [[Daylight Saving Time|DST]])</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Independence]]<br>&nbsp;- Declared<br>&nbsp;- Recognised</td> <td>(from France)<br>January 1, 1804<br>1825 (Fr), 1863 (USA)</td></tr> <tr><td>[[National anthem]]</td><td>''[[La Dessalinienne]]''</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Top-level domain|Internet TLD]]</td><td>.ht</td></tr> <tr><td>[[List_of_country_calling_codes|Calling Code]]</td><td>509</td></tr> </table> ==History== ''Main article: [[History of Haiti]]'' The [[Hispaniola]]'s indigenous [[Arawak]] (or [[Taíno]]) population suffered near-extinction in the decades after [[Christopher Columbus]]'s arrival in [[1492]]. The island was eventually repopulated by the late 17th century with African [[slaves]] to work the sugar plantations. In [[1697]] Spain ceded the western third of the Hispaniola - which was then called Saint-Domingue - to [[France]]. It became one of the richest colonies in the 18th century French empire. On August 22, [[1791]], the slave population [[History_of_Haiti#The_Great_Slave_Rebellion_of_1791|revolted]], which led to a war of attrition against the French. They defeated an army sent by [[Napoléon Bonaparte]] and declared independence on January 1, [[1804]]. Haiti then established the world's first Black [[republic]], making a commitment to end all slavery everywhere. Threatened by this attack on slavery and colonialism, the United States and Western Europe instated sanctions against Haiti. In addition to this economic blow, in 1852 France demanded "reparations" to former slaveholders, amounting to 90 million gold francs (equivalent to $21.7 billion today). Haiti has since become the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere and has been plagued by political violence and corrupt [[dictators]] for most of its history. In [[1957]], [[François Duvalier]], "Papa Doc", ruled the nation, becoming dictator in [[1964]]. He was known for his army of sunglasses-clad volunteers, the [[Tonton Macoute]]. He was followed by his son [[Jean-Claude Duvalier]], "Baby Doc", at the age of 19, in [[1971]]. "Baby Doc" was deposed in 1986. Over three decades of dictatorship followed by military rule ended in [[1990]] when [[Jean-Bertrand Aristide]] was elected president. Most of his term was usurped by a military coup d'etat, but he was able to return to office in [[1994]] and oversee the installation of a close associate to the presidency in [[1996]]. In [[2000]], Aristide was elected president in a process some claim was rigged, though there has been some confusion between the scandal within the senate election (where the senators in question resigned) and the election of Aristide. Resentment over this and widespread corruption boiled over on [[February 5]], [[2004]], 200 years after the Haitian Revolution, an armed rebel group calling itself the [[Revolutionary Artibonite Resistance Front]] took control of the [[Gonaïves]] police station. This rebellion then spread throughout the central [[Artibonite]] province by [[February 17]] and was joined by opponents of the government who had been in exile in the [[Dominican Republic]]. On [[February 29]], [[2004]], President Aristide left Haiti. He alleges he was kidnapped from Haiti by a group of Haitians and unidentified Americans; the US alleges that he requested rescue. The State department of the United States subsequently provided a chartered plane to the Central African Republic, where Aristide left with his own bodyguards and entourage. Pursuant to Haiti's constitution, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court [[Boniface Alexandre]] took over as interim president. ==Politics== ''Main article: [[Politics of Haiti]]'' Haiti is a presidential [[republic]] with an elected president and National Assembly. However, some claim it to be an [[authoritarian]] government in practice. On [[29 February]] [[2004]], a rebellion culminated in the defacto resignation of president [[Jean-Bertrand Aristide]] and it is unknown if the current political structure will remain. The [[constitution]] was introduced in 1987 and is modeled on those of the [[United States]] and [[France]]. Having been either completely or partially suspended for some years, it was fully reinstated in [[1994]]. ==Departments== ''Main article: [[Departments of Haiti]]'' Haiti is divided into nine departments: *[[Artibonite]] *[[Centre, Haiti|Centre]] *[[Grand'Anse, Haiti|Grand'Anse]] *[[Nord, Haiti|Nord]] *[[Nord-Est, Haiti|Nord-Est]] *[[Nord-Ouest, Haiti|Nord-Ouest]] *[[Ouest, Haiti|Ouest]] *[[Sud, Haiti|Sud]] *[[Sud-Est, Haiti|Sud-Est]] ==Geography== ''Main article: [[Geography of Haiti]]'' [[Image:Haiti.png|right]] Haiti's terrain consists mainly of rugged mountains with small coastal plains and river valleys. The east and central part is a large elevated plateau. The biggest city is the capital [[Port-au-Prince]] with 2 million inhabitants, followed by [[Cap-Haïtien]] with 600,000. ==Economy== ''Main article: [[Economy of Haiti]]'' About 80% of the population lives in abject poverty, making it the second poorest country in the world. Nearly 70% of all Haitians depend on the agriculture sector, which consists mainly of small-scale subsistence farming and employs about two-thirds of the economically active work force. The country has experienced little job creation since President [[René Préval]] took office in February 1996, although the [[informal economy]] is growing. Failure to reach agreements with international sponsors have denied Haiti badly needed budget and development assistance. ==Demographics== ''Main article: [[Demographics of Haiti]]'' Although Haiti averages about 270 people per square kilometer, its population is concentrated most heavily in urban areas, coastal plains, and valleys. About 95% of Haitians are of [[African]] descent. The rest of the population is mostly of mixed [[Caucasian]]-African ancestry. A few are of [[European]] or [[Levantine]] heritage. About two thirds of the population live in rural areas. [[French language|French]] is one of two official languages, but it is spoken by only about 10% of the people. All Haitians speak [[Haitian Creole|Creole]], the country's other official language. English is increasingly spoken among the young and in the business sector. [[Roman Catholicism]] is the state religion, which the majority professes. Some have converted to [[Protestantism]]. Many Haitians also practice [[voodoo]] traditions, seeing no conflict with their Christian faith. ==Culture== ''Main articles: [[Culture of Haiti]], [[Music of Haiti]] ==Miscellaneous topics== * [[Communications in Haiti]] * [[Transportation in Haiti]] * [[Military of Haiti]] * [[Foreign relations of Haiti]] == External links == *[http://www.palaisnational.info/pnh/recherche.php/ National Palace] *[http://www.port-haiti.com/cgibin/search/port-haiti.cgi/ Port Haiti] *[http://www.HavenWorks.com/world/haiti Haiti News] [[als:Haiti]] [[an:Aití]] [[ar:هايتى]] [[be:Гаіці]] [[bg:Хаити]] [[br:Republik Haiti]] [[bs:Haiti]] [[ca:Haití]] [[cs:Haiti]] [[da:Haiti]] [[de:Haiti]] [[el:Αϊτή]] [[en:Haiti]] [[eo:Haitio]] [[es:Haití]] [[et:Haiti]] [[eu:Haiti]] [[fa:هائیتی]] [[fi:Haiti]] [[fr:Haïti]] [[frp:Hayiti]] [[gl:Haití - Haïti]] [[he:האיטי]] [[hr:Haiti]] [[ht:Ayiti]] [[hu:Haiti]] [[id:Haiti]] [[io:Haiti]] [[is:Haítí]] [[it:Haiti]] [[ja:ハイチ]] [[ka:ჰაიტი]] [[kg:Ayiti]] [[ko:아이티]] [[kw:Hayti]] [[la:Haitia]] [[lt:Haitis]] [[lv:Haiti]] [[mk:Хаити]] [[ms:Haiti]] [[na:Haiti]] [[nds:Haiti]] [[nl:Haïti]] [[nn:Haiti]] [[no:Haiti]] [[oc:Haití]] [[pam:Haiti]] [[pl:Haiti]] [[ps:هېياتي]] [[pt:Haiti]] [[ro:Haiti]] [[ru:Гаити]] [[scn:Aiti]] [[sh:Haiti]] [[simple:Haiti]] [[sk:Haiti (štát)]] [[sl:Haiti]] [[sq:Haiti]] [[sr:Хаити]] [[sv:Haiti]] [[sw:Haiti]] [[th:ประเทศเฮติ]] [[tl:Haïti]] [[tr:Haiti]] [[tt:Haiti]] [[ug:ھايتى]] [[uk:Гаїті]] [[vi:Haiti]] [[vo:Haitiyän]] [[zh:海地]] [[zh-min-nan:Haiti]] 1080 11325 2006-09-25T05:14:06Z 203.175.85.57 Flag of Bhutan.svg [[en:Bhutan]] {{notsanskrit}} '''भूटान''' is a small, mountainous nation of south [[Asia]], located in the [[Himalaya Mountains]] between [[India]] and [[China]]. The local name for the country, ''Druk Yul'' (pronounced ''dru ü''), means "land of the dragon"; it is also called ''Druk Tsendhen'', "land of the thunder dragon", as the thunder there is said to be the sound of roaring [[Chinese dragon|dragon]]s. <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" style="margin-left:0.5em" width="285px"> <caption><font size="+1">'''Druk Yul (Dru Ü)'''</font></caption> <tr><td style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2"> <table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> <tr><td align="center" width="140px">[[image:Flag of Bhutan.svg|125px|Flag of Bhutan]]</td> <td align="center" width="140px">[[Image:Bhutan_emblem.png]]</td></tr> <tr><td align="center" width="140px">([[Flag of Bhutan|In Detail]])</td> <td align="center" width="140px">([[Emblem of Bhutan|Full size]])</td></tr> </table></td></tr> <tr><td align="center" colspan=2 style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;"><font size="-1">''National [[motto]]: None''</font></td></tr> <tr><td align=center colspan=2>[[image:LocationBhutan.png]]</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Official language]] </td><td>[[Dzongkha]]</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Capital]] </td><td>[[Thimphu]]</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Kings of Bhutan|King]] </td><td>[[Jigme Singye Wangchuck]]</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Prime Minister of Bhutan|Prime Minister]] </td><td>[[Lyonpo Jigme Thinley]]</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Area]]<br>&nbsp;- Total <br>&nbsp;- % water</td><td>[[List of countries by area|Ranked 128th]] <br> 47,000 [[square kilometer|km&sup2;]] <br> Negligible</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Population]] <br>&nbsp;- Total ([[2002]]) <br>&nbsp;- [[Population density|Density]]</td><td>[[List of countries by population|Ranked 139th]] <br> 2,094,176 <br> 45/km&sup2; </td></tr> <tr><td>[[Independence]] <br>&nbsp;- Date </td><td>Never Conquered</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Currency]] </td><td>[[Ngultrum]]</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Time zone]] </td><td>[[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] +6</td></tr> <tr><td>[[National anthem]] </td><td>[[Druk tsendhen]]</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Top-level domain|Internet TLD]]</td><td>.BT</td></tr> <tr><td>[[List_of_country_calling_codes|Calling Code]]</td><td>975</td></tr> </table> == History == ''Main article: [[History of Bhutan]]'' A [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] [[theocracy]] was established in Bhutan in the early [[17th century]]. The area, historically close to [[Tibet]] to the north, came under the influence of the [[United Kingdom|British]] in [[India]] during the [[19th century]] and a [[protectorate]] was established in [[1910]], with Britain assuming control of foreign affairs, but refraining from interference in internal affairs. The current [[monarchy]], originally established in [[1907]] adopted a policy of driving out non-native Bhutanese, which has caused approximately 100,000 [[Nepal]]ese and Indians to flee to neighbouring countries. == Politics == ''Main article: [[Politics of Bhutan]]'' [[Head of state]] is the [[Kings of Bhutan|King]] or ''Druk Gyalpo'', presently [[Jigme Singye Wangchuck]]. Although his title is hereditary, he can be removed by a two-thirds majority vote from the [[parliament]], the [[unicameral]] National Assembly or ''Tshogdu''. This body has 154 seats, and is composed of locally elected town representatives (105), religious representatives (12) and members nominated by the king (37), all of whom serve a three-year term. [[Executive]] powers of the monarch was transferred to the council of ministers or [[cabinet (government)|cabinet]] (''Lhengye Shungtsog'') in 1998. Candidates to the council of ministers are nominated by the king, and elected by the National Assembly, and serving fixed, five-year terms. == Districts == Bhutan is divided into 20 districts (''[[dzongkhag]]'', singular and plural): *[[Bumthang]] *[[Chukha]] (old spelling ''Chhukha'') *[[Dagana]] *[[Gasa]] *[[Haa]] *[[Lhuntse]] (old spelling ''Lhuntshi'') *[[Mongar]] *[[Paro]] *[[Pemagatshel]] (old spelling ''Pemagatsel'') *[[Punakha]] *[[Samdrup Jongkhar]] *[[Samtse]] (old spelling ''Samchi'') *[[Sarpang]] *[[Thimphu]] *[[Trashigang]] (old spelling ''Tashigang'') *[[Trashiyangste]] *[[Trongsa]] (old spelling ''Tongsa'') *[[Tsirang]] (old spelling ''Chirang'') *[[Wangdue Phodrang]] (old spelling ''Wangdi Phodrang'') *[[Zhemgang]] (old spelling ''Shemgang'') == Geography == ''Main article: [[Geography of Bhutan]]'' <div style="float:right;width:330pz;margin-left:5px">[[Image:Bt-map.gif]]</div> Bhutan is a very mountainous and landlocked nation, situated within the eastern [[Himalayas]]. Mountain peaks in the north reach up to over 7,000 m, the highest point being the [[Kula Kangri]] at 7,553 m. The southern part of the country has a lower altitude, and contains several fertile and densely forested valleys that flow down into the [[Brahmaputra]] river in India. The majority of the population lives in the central highlands. The country's largest city, the capital Thimphu (population 50,000[http://www.smec.com.au/media/latest/bhutan.htm]), is located in the western part of these highlands. The local [[climate]] varies from tropical in the south to cool winters and hot summers in the central valleys, with severe winters and cool summers occurring in the Himalayas. == Economy == ''Main article: [[Economy of Bhutan]]'' The economy, one of the world's smallest and least developed, is based on [[agriculture]] and [[forestry]], providing the main livelihood for more than 90% of the population. Agriculture consists largely of subsistence farming and animal husbandry. Rugged mountains dominate the terrain and make the building of roads and other [[infrastructure]] difficult and expensive. Bhutan's main economic partner is India as its border with Tibet is closed. Bhutan's currency, the ngultrum, is interchangeable with the Indian rupee. The industrial sector is essentially non-existent, with any production being of the cottage industry type. Most development projects, such as road construction, rely on Indian contract labour. Bhutan's [[hydropower]] potential and its attraction for [[tourism|tourists]] are key resources. Model education, social, and environment programmes in Bhutan are underway with support from multilateral development organisations, always taking Bhutan's wish for preservation of its traditions into account. The government has made some progress in expanding the nation's productive base and improving [[social welfare]], though detailed controls and uncertain policies in many areas continue to hamper foreign investment. Major hydroelectric projects will lead expansion of [[Gross Domestic Product|GDP]] in 2002 by an estimated 6%. == Demographics == ''Main article: [[Demographics of Bhutan]]'' About half of the population are indigenous Bhutanese, known as the [[Ngalop]], who are closely related to [[Tibet]]an tribes. Major ethnic groups are the [[Lhotshampa]], who originate from Nepal, and the [[Sharchop]] (from [[Assam]]). While [[Dzongkha]] is the official language, many local dialects are spoken in remote mountain villages, some with only a few speakers. The official religion of Bhutan is the [[Mahayana]] tradition of [[Buddhism]], which is adhered to by about three quarters of the population. A quarter of the Bhutanese are [[Hinduism|Hindus]]. == Culture == ''Main article: [[Culture of Bhutan]]'' Bhutan is one of the most secluded nations in the world, and access for foreigners is restricted to certain areas, although these are expanding. Most of the population lives in small rural villages, and supports itself through agriculture, growing crops or breeding [[yak]]s. Buddhist religion forms an important part of life. [[Archery]] is Bhutan's national sport, with traditional competitions being held regularly in most villages. Characteristic for the region is a type of fortress known as [[Dzong architecture]]. == See also == * [[Music of Bhutan]] * [[Communications in Bhutan]] * [[Transportation in Bhutan]] * [[Military of Bhutan]] * [[Districts of Bhutan]] == External links == * [http://www.tourism.gov.bt/ Dept of Tourism] - Official tourism bureau site * [http://www.abto.org.bt/ Association of Bhutanese Tour Operators] - Information on Tourism and listing of all Tour Operators from Bhutan. * [http://www.bhutanstudies.org.bt Journal of Bhutan Studies] - Academic Research Papers on Bhutan * [http://www.kuenselonline.com Kuenselonline] - Daily News Site from Bhutan *[http://www.who.org.bt/AboutBhutan/AdmMap.htm administrative map of Bhutan] *[http://www.nepaltravels.com/bhutan_map.htm roadmap of Bhutan] {{South_Asia}} [[Category:South Asian countries]] [[Category:Himalayas]] [[Category:Monarchies]] [[Category:Bhutan]] [[ar:&#1576;&#1608;&#1578;&#1575;&#1606;]] [[bg:&#1041;&#1091;&#1090;&#1072;&#1085;]] [[de:Bhutan]] [[es:Bután]] [[eo:Bhutano]] [[et:Bhutan]] [[fr:Bhoutan]] [[nl:Bhutan]] [[no:Bhutan]] [[id:Bhutan]] [[ja:&#12502;&#12540;&#12479;&#12531;]] [[ms:Bhutan]] [[ru:&#1041;&#1091;&#1090;&#1072;&#1085;]] [[sl:Butan (dr&#382;ava)]] [[sv:Bhutan]] [[zh:&#19981;&#20025;&#29579;&#22269;]] 1081 12547 2006-12-08T19:56:18Z Eukesh 157 '''Moved to Wikisource:''' http://wikisource.org/wiki/सूत्र * [[योगसूत्र|पातञ्जलयोगसूत्राणि]] * [[गणपत्यथर्वशीर्ष]] * [[गणेशस्तोत्र]] * [[मधुराष्टकं]] * [[भज गोविन्दं]] * [[गोविन्दाष्टकं]] * [[कृष्णाष्टकम्]] * [[श्रीमच्छंकराचार्यकृतं श्रीकृष्णाष्टकं]] * [[श्री वल्लभाचार्यकृतं कृष्णाष्टकं]] * [[श्रीजयदेवकृतौ गीतगोविन्दे]] * [[वेदसारशिवस्तोत्रम]] * [[मनाचे श्लोक]] {{हिन्दू धर्म}} [[Category:हिन्दू धर्म]] [[de:Stotra]] [[en:Stotra]] [[fr:Sûtra]] [[ja:経典]] [[pl:Stotra]] 1094 6329 2004-09-05T03:26:51Z Murtasa 17 '''सायप्रस''' यूरोप महाद्वीपे स्थित: अस्ति. एतस्य उत्तर-अंशं तुर्कीये अधीने. भाषा = यूनानी. धर्म = ईसाई. इदानीं पर्यटनहेतु अति लोकप्रिय:. 1095 6330 2004-10-03T14:52:42Z 65.0.107.166 [[en:Ghana]] '''घाना''' अफ्रीका-महाद्वीपे देश: अस्‍ति. == External links == * http://www.ghanaweb.com/ * http://www.clubgh.com * [[:en:Music of Ghana]] * [[:en:List of African writers (by country)#Ghana|List of writers from Ghana]] 1096 6331 2004-10-03T16:29:41Z 65.0.107.166 [[en:Japan]] [[ks:जापान]] '''जापान''' एशिया महाद्वीपे देश: अस्‍ति. अस्‍य राजधानी [[तोक्‍यो]] अस्‍ति. == External links == * [http://www.kantei.go.jp/foreign/index-e.html Kantei.go.jp] - Official prime ministerial and cabinet site * [http://www.sangiin.go.jp/eng/index.htm Sangi-in.go.jp] - Official site of the House of Councillors * [http://www.shugiin.go.jp/index.nsf/html/index_e.htm Shugi-in.go.jp] - Official site of the House of Representatives * [http://www.courts.go.jp/english/ehome.htm Courts.go.jp] - Official site of the Japanese Supreme Court * [http://www.kunaicho.go.jp/eindex.html Kunaicho.go.jp] - Official site of the Imperial family. * [http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ja.html CIA World Factbook -- Japan ] * [http://home.kyodo.co.jp/ Kyodo Japan News Wire Service] * [http://www.japantoday.com/ Japan Today - Japan news and information portal] * [http://newslink.org/nonusajap.html AJR Newslink] - Database of English newspapers in Japan * [http://www.thejapanfaq.com/ The Japan FAQ: Know Before You Go] * [http://www.businessweek.com/chapter/katz.htm Business Week - Japan: The System That Soured] * [http://www.stock-market-crash.net/nikkei.htm The Nikkei Stock Market Crash] * [http://www.mofa.go.jp/ Ministry of Foreign Affairs] - Detailed papers on Japan's foreign policy, education programs, culture and life. * [http://www.japan-zone.com/index.shtml Japan Zone] - Japan Travel Guide, Japanese Popular Culture, History and Japanese Etiquette * [http://www.dmoz.org/Regional/Asia/Japan/ Open Directory Project] - Directory of Japan * [http://www.lookjapan.com/ lookjapan.com] -- online magazine about Japan * [http://www.japaneselifestyle.com.au/ japaneselifestyle.com.au] -- online resource on Japanese culture and kimono * [http://www.generatemusic.com/japan/ Japan for Dummies] Pictures of everyday life in Japan * [http://www3.tky.3web.ne.jp/~edjacob/saq.html Japan SAQ (Seldom Asked Questions)] * [http://www.androphile.org/preview/Culture/Japan/japan.htm The Beautiful Way of the Samurai] History of Male Love in Japan * [http://www.jpop.com/ J-Pop.com] A portal into Japanese pop culture * [http://homepage3.nifty.com/kadzuwo/triviana/links_japan_trivia.htm Link of Links on Japan Trivia] (multilingual) * [http://wikitravel.org/en/article/Japan Japan travel guide at Wikitravel] * [http://www.gotjapan.com/ GotJapan.com] A guide to Traveling, Living, Working, Studying Japanese 1097 12876 2006-12-18T18:09:34Z Thijs!bot 230 robot Adding: eo, es, fr, he, it, ja, lt, ne, nl, no, pt, ru, sl, sv, tr, zh Modifying: de, en '''ऋग्वेद''': [[सनातन धर्म]]स्य ([[हिन्दुधर्म]]स्य) मूलग्रन्थ:. एतेन १०१७ सूक्तानि सन्ति. वेदस्य परिभाषा ज्ञानं अस्ति. पण्डितेन् अनुमानेन् ऋग्वेद: ५,००० वर्षानि प्राचीनं अस्ति. [[de:Rigveda]] [[en:Rigveda]] [[eo:Rigvedo]] [[es:Rig Veda]] [[fr:Rig-Veda]] [[he:ריג ודה]] [[hi:ऋग्वेद]] [[it:Rig Veda]] [[ja:リグ・ヴェーダ]] [[lt:Rigveda]] [[ne:ऋग्वेद]] [[nl:Rig-Veda]] [[no:Rig Veda]] [[pl:Rygweda]] [[pt:Rig Veda]] [[ru:Ригведа]] [[sl:Rigveda]] [[sv:Rig Veda]] [[tr:Rigveda]] [[zh:梨俱吠陀]] 1099 6333 2004-10-26T17:57:07Z 130.39.222.122 '''ज्योतिषं''' ==संहिताकाल:== ज्योतिषशास्त्रस्य परम्परा नितरां प्राचीना परिलक्ष्यते । [[ऋग्वेद]]स्य एकस्मिन् मन्त्रे (१.१६४.११) [[सूर्य]]सम्बन्धि द्वादश राशिचक्रस्य समुल्लेखो दृश्यते, तत्रैव च मन्त्रेऽहोरात्रस्य समुदितगणनया विंशत्युत्तरसप्तशत संख्यकानि (३६० x २ = ७२०) मिथुनानि निर्दिष्टानि सन्ति । ऋग्वेदस्यैवान्यस्मिन् मन्त्रे (१.१६४.४८) संवत्सरो रथचक्रेण उपमितो यत्र द्वादश (मासा:) प्रधय:, त्रीणि (ऋतुयुगलानि) नभ्यानि, षष्ट्यधिकत्रिशत संख्यका: (दिवसा:) शङ्कवो निरूपिता: सन्ति । ==ब्राह्मणकाल:== [[याज्ञवल्क्य:]] ==वेदाङ्गकाल:== [[लगध:]] ==सिद्घान्तकाल:== *[[आर्यभट:]] (ज ४७६) *[[भास्कर १]] *[[वराहमिहिर:]] (४८५-५८७) *[[ब्रह्मगुप्त:]] (ज ५९८) *[[महावीर (गणितज्ञ)|महावीर]] (ऽ ८५०) *[[श्रीपति:]] (१०१९-१०६६) *[[भास्कर:]] (ज १११४) *[[गणेश दैवज्ञ:]] (ज १५०७) ===केरल-गणितज्ञा:=== *[[नारायण पण्डित]] - 1340-1400 *[[माधव:]] - 1340-1425 *[[परमेश्वर]] (१३७०-१४६०) *[[नीलकण्ठ सोमयाजि]] (१४४४-१५४४) *[[ज्येष्ठदेव]] (१५००-१५७५) 1104 12666 2006-12-14T20:30:17Z Escarbot 175 robot Adding: bs, ia, lt, sr, vec Modifying: mk [[af:Ingenieurswese]] [[ar:هندسة تطبيقية]] [[ast:Inxeniería]] [[bg:Инженерство]] [[bn:প্রকৌশলবিদ্যা]] [[br:Ijinerezh]] [[bs:Inženjering]] [[ca:Enginyeria]] [[da:Ingeniørfag]] [[de:Ingenieurwissenschaft]] [[en:Engineering]] [[eo:Inĝenierarto]] [[es:Ingeniería]] [[eu:Ingeniaritza]] [[fa:مهندسی]] [[fi:Insinööritiede]] [[fr:Ingénierie]] [[fur:Inzegnerie]] [[fy:Technyk]] [[gl:Enxeñaría]] [[he:הנדסה]] [[hr:Strojarstvo]] [[hu:Mérnöki tudomány]] [[ia:Ingenieria]] [[id:Teknik]] [[io:Injenior-arto]] [[it:Ingegneria]] [[iu:ᑎᑎᕋᐅᔭᖅ]] [[ja:工学]] [[ka:საინჟინრო მეცნიერება]] [[ko:공학]] [[lad:Enjenyeriya]] [[li:Techniek]] [[lt:Inžinerija]] [[mk:Инженерство]] [[ms:Kejuruteraan]] [[nl:Techniek]] [[pl:Inżynieria]] [[pt:Engenharia]] [[ro:Inginerie]] [[ru:Инженерное дело]] [[scn:Ncignirìa]] [[simple:Engineering]] [[sl:Tehnika]] [[sr:Инжењеринг]] [[ta:பொறியியல்]] [[th:วิศวกรรมศาสตร์]] [[tl:Inhinyeriya]] [[tr:Mühendislik]] [[ug:ئىنژېنېرلىق ئىلمى]] [[uk:Інженерія]] [[ur:ہندسیات]] [[vec:Engegneria]] [[zh:工程学]] 1108 6336 2004-11-01T01:29:06Z 68.159.19.205 #REDIRECT [[अल्जीरिया]] 1109 6337 2004-08-24T22:57:33Z Murtasa 17 अभियांत्रिकी शास्‍त्रं moved to अभियांत्रिकी शास्त्रं #REDIRECT [[अभियांत्रिकी शास्त्रं]] 1110 6338 2004-08-24T23:07:10Z Murtasa 17 अल्‍बानिया moved to अल्बानिया #REDIRECT [[अल्बानिया]] 1111 6339 2004-11-01T01:28:42Z 68.159.19.205 #REDIRECT [[आस्ट्रिया]] 1114 6340 2004-10-23T22:35:19Z 68.159.17.126 #REDIRECT [[इन्दोनेशिया]] 1115 6341 2004-10-23T23:17:20Z 68.159.17.126 #REDIRECT [[इन्द्र कुमार गुजराल]] 1118 6342 2004-10-23T22:34:29Z 68.159.17.126 #REDIRECT [[ईशावास्य]] 1122 6344 2004-10-23T22:34:51Z 68.159.17.126 #REDIRECT [[उरुग्वाय]] 1124 6345 2004-11-01T01:29:58Z 68.159.19.205 #REDIRECT [[कम्बोज]] 1125 6346 2004-08-25T01:08:34Z Murtasa 17 कम्बोज moved to कम्बोदिया #REDIRECT [[कम्बोदिया]] 1126 6347 2004-10-30T15:33:11Z 68.155.121.175 #REDIRECT [[कश्मीर]] 1127 6348 2004-10-11T22:33:56Z 130.39.222.122 #REDIRECT [[कश्मीरी]] 1128 6349 2004-10-11T22:34:06Z 130.39.222.122 #REDIRECT [[किरगिस्थान]] 1129 6350 2004-10-11T20:27:25Z 130.39.222.122 #REDIRECT [[कृषिशास्त्रं]] 1132 6351 2004-08-25T01:40:37Z Murtasa 17 केन्‍या moved to केन्या #REDIRECT [[केन्या]] 1134 6352 2004-08-25T01:48:13Z Murtasa 17 कोस्‍टा रीका moved to कोस्टा रीका #REDIRECT [[कोस्टा रीका]] 1136 6353 2004-10-28T02:36:56Z 65.0.107.15 #REDIRECT [[खगोल शास्त्रं]] 1137 6354 2004-10-26T03:25:11Z 65.0.105.34 #REDIRECT [[खेला: क्रीडाश्च]] 1141 6355 2004-10-11T22:33:40Z 130.39.222.122 #REDIRECT [[डेविड हिल्बर्ट]] 1156 6357 2004-09-25T04:29:46Z 65.0.100.211 '''फिन्लैंड''' उत्तर यूरोपीय देश: अस्‍ति. राजधानी : [[हेल्‍सिंकी]] *[http://virtual.finland.fi Virtual Finland] - Main portal to Finland *[http://www.government.fi Government.fi] - Official governmental site *[http://www.eduskunta.fi/efakta/index01.htm Eduskunta.fi] - Official parliamentary site *[http://www.tpk.fi/english/ Presidentti] - Official presidential site *[http://www.sls.fi/fmu/indexeng.htm Diplomatarium Fennicum] - Publishing of medieval documents. The National Archives of Finland [[en:Finland]] 1160 6358 2004-10-26T03:31:31Z 65.0.105.34 #REDIRECT [[ब्रह्मगुप्त:]] 1161 6359 2004-10-12T02:04:51Z 65.0.100.63 #REDIRECT [[भारतस्य प्रधान मन्त्री]] 1162 6360 2004-10-11T20:25:24Z 130.39.222.122 #REDIRECT [[भास्कर:]] 1164 6361 2004-10-11T20:28:38Z 130.39.222.122 #REDIRECT [[मिथकशास्त्रं]] 1166 11317 2006-09-20T16:57:54Z 70.105.26.206 Redirecting to [[रवीन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर]] #redirect [[रवीन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर]] 1181 13044 2006-12-20T11:54:58Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[fur:Stâts Unîts di Americhe]] '''संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका (U.S.A.)''' उत्तर-अमेरिका-महाद्वीपे स्थित: राष्ट्र: अस्ति. अस्‍य राजधानी [[वाशिंगटन नगर]] अस्‍ति. अस्‍य प्रदेशा: *[[अलबामा]] *[[आर्कन्‍सा]] *[[ओक्‍लाहोमा]] *[[मिसिसिपी]] *[[लुईजियाना]] *[[टेक्‍सास]] *[[फ्‍लोरिडा]] *[[मेन]] *[[वर्मांट]] *[[मासचुसेट्‍स]] *[[डेलावेर]] *[[रोड ऐलैंड]] *[[न्‍यू हेम्‍पशायर]] *[[मेरिलैंड]] *[[मिशिगन]] *[[ओहैओ]] *[[पेन्‍सिल्‍वेनिया]] *[[मिनेसोटा]] *[[विस्‍कान्‍सिन]] *[[वर्जिनिया]] *[[नार्थ केरोलैना]] *[[साउथ केरोलैना]] *[[जार्जिया]] *[[टेनेसी]] *[[इंडियाना]] *[[इलिनाय]] *[[केन्‍टकी]] *[[वाशिंगटन]] *[[ओरेगन]] *[[केलिफोर्निया]] *[[एरिजोना]] *[[न्‍यू मेक्‍सिको]] *[[नेवाडा]] *[[नार्थ डेकोटा]] *[[साउथ डेकोटा]] *[[आयोवा]] *[[कालरेडो]] *[[कनेटिकट]] *[[वायोमिंग]] *[[हवाई]] *[[ऐडहो]] *[[अलास्‍का]] *[[मान्‍टाना]] *[[मिसूरी]] *[[न्‍यू जर्सी]] *[[न्‍यू यार्क]] *[[केन्‍सास]] *[[नेब्रास्‍का]] *[[वेस्‍ट वर्जिनिया]] *[[यूटाह]] [[af:Verenigde State]] [[als:USA]] [[am:አሜሪካ]] [[an:Estatos Unitos]] [[ang:Geānlǣht Rīcu American]] [[ar:الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية]] [[ast:Estaos Xuníos d'América]] [[az:Amerika Birləşmiş Ştatları]] [[bat-smg:JAV]] [[be:Злучаныя Штаты Амэрыкі]] [[bg:Съединени американски щати]] [[bn:মার্কিন যুক্তরাষ্ট্র]] [[br:Stadoù-Unanet Amerika]] [[bs:Sjedinjene Američke Države]] [[ca:Estats Units d'Amèrica]] [[chr:ᎠᎺᎢ]] [[cs:Spojené státy americké]] [[cv:Америкăри Пĕрлешӳллĕ Штатсем]] [[cy:Unol Daleithiau America]] [[da:USA]] [[de:Vereinigte Staaten]] [[dv:އެމެރިކާ]] [[el:Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες της Αμερικής]] [[en:United States]] [[eo:Usono]] [[es:Estados Unidos de América]] [[et:Ameerika Ühendriigid]] [[eu:Amerikako Estatu Batuak]] [[fa:ایالات متحدهٔ امریکا]] [[fi:Yhdysvallat]] [[fo:USA]] [[fr:États-Unis d'Amérique]] [[frp:Ètats-Unis d’Amèrica]] [[fur:Stâts Unîts di Americhe]] [[fy:Feriene Steaten]] [[ga:Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá]] [[gd:Na Stàitean Aonaichte]] [[gl:Estados Unidos de América - United States of America]] [[gu:સંયુક્ત રાજ્ય અમેરિકા]] [[he:ארצות הברית]] [[hi:संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका]] [[hr:Sjedinjene Američke Države]] [[ht:Etazini]] [[hu:Amerikai Egyesült Államok]] [[hy:Ամերիկայի Միացյալ Նահանգներ]] [[ia:Statos Unite de America]] [[id:Amerika Serikat]] [[ilo:Estados Unidos iti America]] [[io:Usa]] [[is:Bandaríkin]] [[it:Stati Uniti d'America]] [[iu:ᐊᒥᐊᓕᑲ]] [[ja:アメリカ合衆国]] [[jbo:mergu'e]] [[ka:ამერიკის შეერთებული შტატები]] [[km:សហរដ្ឋ]] [[kn:ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ]] [[ko:미국]] [[ks:संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] [[ku:Dewletên Yekbûyî yên Amerîkayê]] [[kw:Statys Unys]] [[la:Civitates Foederatae Americae]] [[lb:Vereenegt Staate vun Amerika]] [[lg:Amereka]] [[li:Vereinegde State van Amerika]] [[lt:JAV]] [[lv:Amerikas Savienotās Valstis]] [[mk:Соединети Американски Држави]] [[ml:അമേരിക്കന്‍ ഐക്യനാടുകള്‍]] [[mo:Стателе Уните але Америчий]] [[mr:अमेरिकेची संयुक्त संस्थाने]] [[ms:Amerika Syarikat]] [[mt:Stati Uniti]] [[my:အမေရိကန္‌ပ္ရည္‌ေထာင္‌စု]] [[nah:Tlahtocayotl In Cepanca ihuicpa America]] [[nds:USA]] [[nds-nl:Verienigde Staoten van Amerika]] [[nl:Verenigde Staten]] [[nn:USA]] [[no:Amerikas forente stater]] [[nrm:Êtats Unnis d'Améthique]] [[nv:Wááshindoon bikéyah ałhidadiidzooígíí]] [[oc:Estats Units d'America]] [[os:Америкæйы Иугонд Штаттæ]] [[pam:United States]] [[pdc:Amerikaa]] [[pl:Stany Zjednoczone]] [[ps:د امريکا متحده ايالات]] [[pt:Estados Unidos da América]] [[qu:Hukllachasqa Amirika Suyukuna]] [[rm:Stadis Unids da l'America]] [[rn:Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika]] [[ro:Statele Unite ale Americii]] [[ru:Соединённые Штаты Америки]] [[rw:Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] [[scn:Stati Uniti]] [[sco:Unitit States]] [[se:Amerihká ovttastuvvan stáhtat]] [[sh:Sjedinjene Američke Države]] [[simple:United States]] [[sk:Spojené štáty]] [[sl:Združene države Amerike]] [[sq:Shtetet e Bashkuara të Amerikës]] [[sr:Сједињене Америчке Државе]] [[su:Amérika Sarikat]] [[sv:USA]] [[sw:Marekani]] [[ta:ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்க நாடுகள்]] [[tg:Иёлоти Муттаҳидаи Амрико]] [[th:สหรัฐอเมริกา]] [[tl:Estados Unidos]] [[tpi:Yunaitet Stets]] [[tr:Amerika Birleşik Devletleri]] [[ty:Fenua Marite]] [[ug:ئامېرىكا قوشما شتاتلىرى]] [[uk:Сполучені Штати Америки]] [[ur:ریاستہائے متحدہ امریکہ]] [[uz:Amerika Qo`shma Shtatlari]] [[vec:Stati Unìi d'Amèrica]] [[vi:Hoa Kỳ]] [[wa:Estats Unis]] [[yi:פאראייניקטע שטאטן פון אמעריקע]] [[yo:Orílẹ̀-Èdè Amẹ́ríkà]] [[za:Meijgoz]] [[zh:美國]] [[zh-classical:美國]] [[zh-min-nan:Bí-kok]] [[zh-yue:美國]] 1184 6364 2004-10-23T22:38:00Z 68.159.17.126 #REDIRECT [[साहित्यं]] 1188 6365 2004-10-23T23:18:25Z 68.159.17.126 #REDIRECT [[आन्तरजालम्]] 1190 6367 2004-09-10T08:34:11Z Id 19 devanagari varnamala devanagari varnamala 1191 sysop 6368 2004-09-14T13:02:51Z Id 19 uploaded "Varnamala.txt": added constants for code generation <ul><li>13:02, 14 Sep 2004 [[User:Id|Id]] uploaded "[[:Image:Varnamala.txt|Varnamala.txt]]" <em>(added constants for code generation)</em></li> <li>14:08, 10 Sep 2004 [[User:Id|Id]] uploaded "[[:Image:Varnamala.txt|Varnamala.txt]]"</li> <li>11:58, 10 Sep 2004 [[User:Id|Id]] uploaded "[[:Image:Varnamala.txt|Varnamala.txt]]" <em>(try to structure definition of varnamala in python)</em></li> <li>11:56, 10 Sep 2004 [[User:Id|Id]] uploaded "[[:Image:Varnamala|Varnamala]]" <em>(try to structure definition of varnamala in python)</em></li> <li>08:34, 10 Sep 2004 [[User:Id|Id]] uploaded "[[:Image:Devanagari-chart.gif|Devanagari-chart.gif]]" <em>(devanagari varnamala)</em></li> </ul> 1194 6371 2004-09-10T12:08:03Z Id 19 Try to structure definition of varnamala in python. This is the draft version 1196 6372 2004-10-26T03:06:46Z 65.0.105.34 '''मोहनदास करमचन्द गान्धी''' (1869-1948)-- तस्य जन्म [[गुजरात]]स्य [[पोरबन्दर]]नामके नगरे अभवत. तस्य उदारान् मानवीयान् गुणान् दृष्ट्वा कवि: [[रवीन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर]]: तम् ''महात्मा'' इति शब्देन सम्बोधितवान्. तत: पश्चात् सर्वे भारतीया: तम् ''महात्मा गान्धी'' इति संज्ञया व्यवहरन्ति. गान्धीमहोदय: सत्यम् अहिंसाम् च प्रति दृढव्रत: आसीत्. तेन् वैदेशिकानाम् शासनम् मूलेन उच्छेतुम् भारतमातु: च स्वतन्त्रायै दृढाम् प्रतिज्ञाम् अकरोत्. ==सम्बद्ध जना:== *[[बालगङ्गाधर तिलक]] *[[मदनमोहन मालवीय]] *[[वल्लभभाई पटेल]] *[[जवाहरलाल नेहरू]] [[af:Mahatma Gandhi]] [[ca:Mohandas Karamchand]] [[de:Mahatma Gandhi]] [[en:Mahatma Gandhi]] [[eo:Mahatma GANDHI]] [[es:Mohandas Gandhi]] [[fr:Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi]] [[he:מוהנדס קרמצ'נד גאנדי]] [[hi:गांधी]] [[hu:Mahatma Gandhi]] [[it:Mohandas Gandhi]] [[ja:マハトマ・ガンジー]] [[ml:മഹാത്മാഗാന്ധി]] [[nl:Mahatma Gandhi]] [[no:Mohandas Gandhi]] [[pl:Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi]] [[pt:Mahatma Gandhi]] [[simple:Mohandas Gandhi]] [[sl:Mahatma Gandhi]] [[sv:Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi]] [[zh-cn:圣雄甘地]] 1197 6373 2004-10-31T03:28:18Z 68.159.30.113 '''बालगङ्गाधर तिलक''' (1856-1920) भारतस्य स्वतन्त्रासङ्ग्रामे प्रमुख नेता आसीत्. स्वतन्त्रताया: आन्दोलनस्य प्रसङ्गे स: अघोषयत्‌, ''"स्वराज्यम्‌ अस्माकम्‌ जन्मसिद्ध: अधिकार:."'' समाचारपत्राणाम्‌ प्रकाशनम्‌ संपादनम्‌ च कृत्वा स: देशसेवाम्‌ करोति स्म. बहुबारम्‌ कारागारे निक्षिप्त:. स: संस्कृते विद्वान्‌ आसीत्‌. [[en:Balgangadhar Tilak]] 1198 6374 2004-10-13T14:36:06Z 65.0.101.17 #REDIRECT [[मोहनदास करमचन्द गान्धी]] 1200 11082 2006-08-18T12:18:20Z Escarbot 175 robot Adding: fr, id, mr, sv, te Modifying: hi '''राजेन्द्र प्रसाद''' (1884-1963) भारतस्य प्रथमो राष्ट्रपति: आसीत्. [[de:Rajendra Prasad]] [[en:Rajendra Prasad]] [[fr:Rajendra Prasad]] [[hi:डाक्टर राजेन्द्र प्रसाद]] [[id:Rajendra Prasad]] [[mr:डॉ. राजेंद्र प्रसाद]] [[sv:Rajendra Prasad]] [[te:రాజేంద్ర ప్రసాద్]] 1201 12747 2006-12-16T19:25:05Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[pl:Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]] Modifying: [[de:S. Radhakrishnan]] '''सर्वपल्ली राधाकृष्णन्''' (१८८८-१९७५) भारतस्य द्वितीयो राष्ट्रपति: आसीत्. तस्य जन्म तमिलनाडु राज्यस्य तिरुतणो नामके ग्रामे अभवत्. स: १९३१ तमे आन्ध्र विश्वविद्यालयस्य उपकुलपते: पदम् अलङ्कृतवान्. तत: (१९३९-१९४८)तमे तेन काशी हिन्दू विश्‍वविद्यालयस्‍य कुलपतिपदं सुशोभितम्‌. राधाकृष्‍णन्‌ महाभाग: भारतीय दर्शनस्‍य पाश्‍चात्‍यदर्शनस्‍य च महान्‌ पण्‍डित: आसीत्‌. १९५०तमे वर्षे रूस देशे राजदूतस्य पदे तस्य नियुक्ति: जाता. स: १९५२तमे उपराष्ट्रपति अभवत्. स: १९६२-१९६७तमे कालेन राष्ट्रपति: आसीत्. [[Category:भारतस्‍य राष्‍ट्रपति]] [[de:S. Radhakrishnan]] [[en:Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]] [[fr:Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]] [[hi:डॉक्टर सर्वपल्ली राधाकृष्णन]] [[mr:सर्वपल्ली राधाकृष्णन]] [[pl:Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]] [[ru:Радхакришнан, Сарвепалли]] [[sk:Sarvapalli Rádhakrišnan]] [[sv:Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]] [[ta:சர்வபள்ளி ராதாகிருஷ்ணன்]] [[te:సర్వేపల్లి రాధాకృష్ణన్]] 1202 12600 2006-12-11T09:59:49Z Zwobot 86 robot Adding: de, hi, kn, mr Modifying: en '''जाकिर हुसेन''' (१८९८-१९६९) स: १९६७-१९६९तमे कालेन भारतस्य तृतीयो राष्ट्रपति: आसीत्. {{stub}} [[de:Zakir Hussain (Politiker)]] [[en:Zakir Hussain (politician)]] [[hi:डाक्टर ज़ाकिर हुसैन]] [[kn:ಜಾಕಿರ್ ಹುಸೇನ್]] [[mr:डॉ. झाकिर हुसेन]] 1203 11094 2006-08-19T07:55:54Z Escarbot 175 robot Adding: fr, hi, mr Modifying: de '''वराहगिरि वेङ्कट गिरि''' (१८९४-१९८०) स: १९६९-१९७४ तमे कालेन भारतस्य चतुर्थो राष्ट्रपति: आसीत्. [[de:V. V. Giri]] [[en:V. V. Giri]] [[fr:Varahagiri Venkatagiri]] [[hi:वराहगिरी वेंकट गिरी]] [[mr:वराहगिरी वेंकट गिरी]] [[sv:Varahagiri Venkata Giri]] 1204 11099 2006-08-21T13:56:57Z Escarbot 175 robot Adding: de, fr, pl, sv ज्ञानी '''जैल सिंह''' (१८१६-१९९४) स: १९८२-१९८७ तमे कालेन भारतस्य राष्ट्रपति: आसीत्. [[de:Giani Zail Singh]] [[en:Zail Singh]] [[fr:Giani Zail Singh]] [[pl:Giani Zail Singh]] [[sv:Giani Zail Singh]] 1205 11959 2006-11-27T08:49:06Z Escarbot 175 robot Adding: de, el, fi, fr, hi, id, ja, kn, mr, nl, no, ps, simple, sk, sv, ta, te, zh Modifying: gl अवुल पकिर जैनुलआब्दीन '''अब्दुल कलाम''' (१८३१- ) स: २००२ तमे कालेन भारतस्य राष्ट्रपति: निर्वाचित अभवत्.. [[de:Abdul Kalam]] [[el:Αμπντούλ Καλάμ]] [[en:Abdul Kalam]] [[fi:A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]] [[fr:Abdul Kalam]] [[gl:Abdul Kalam - ஏ. பி. ஜே. அப்துல் கலாம]] [[hi:अब्दुल कलाम]] [[id:Abdul Kalam]] [[ja:アブドゥル・カラーム]] [[kn:ಅಬ್ದುಲ್ ಕಲಾಮ್]] [[mr:ए. पी. जे. अब्दुल कलाम]] [[nl:Abdul Kalam]] [[no:Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam]] [[ps:عبدالکلام]] [[simple:Abdul Kalam]] [[sk:Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam]] [[sv:Abdul Kalam]] [[ta:ஏ. பி. ஜே. அப்துல் கலாம்]] [[te:ఏ.పి.జె.అబ్దుల్ కలామ్]] [[zh:阿卜杜尔·卡拉姆]] 1206 12633 2006-12-12T19:18:23Z Zwobot 86 robot Adding: [[kn:ಕೆ ಆರ್ ನಾರಾಯಣನ್]] Modifying: [[ml:കെ.ആര്‍. നാരായണന്‍]] '''कोचेरिल रामन नारायणन्''' (१९२०- ) स: १९९७-२००२ तमे कालेन भारतस्य राष्ट्रपति: आसीत्. [[de:K. R. Narayanan]] [[en:K. R. Narayanan]] [[fr:Kocheril Raman Narayanan]] [[ja:コチェリル・ラーマン・ナラヤナン]] [[kn:ಕೆ ಆರ್ ನಾರಾಯಣನ್]] [[ml:കെ.ആര്‍. നാരായണന്‍]] [[pl:Kocheril Raman Narayanan]] [[pt:K. R. Narayanan]] [[sv:K.R. Narayanan]] [[ta:கே. ஆர். நாராயணன்]] [[zh:科切里尔·拉曼·纳拉亚南]] 1207 6382 2004-09-18T19:26:11Z Murtasa 17 [[en:Shankar Dayal Sharma]] '''शंकर दयाल शर्मा''' स: १९९२-१९९७ तमे कालेन भारतस्य राष्ट्रपति: आसीत्. 1208 11081 2006-08-18T12:15:21Z Escarbot 175 robot Adding: de, fr, pl, sv Modifying: en '''रामस्वामी वेङ्कटरामन्''' स: १९८७-१९९२ तमे कालेन भारतस्य राष्ट्रपति: आसीत्. [[de:Ramaswamy Venkataraman]] [[en:R. Venkataraman]] [[fr:Ramaswamy Venkataraman]] [[pl:Ramaswamy Venkataraman]] [[sv:R. Venkataraman]] 1209 6384 2004-10-10T20:32:35Z 65.0.96.231 #redirect [[आन्तरजालम्]] 1210 6385 2004-10-28T02:40:14Z 65.0.107.15 [[en:Dance]] '''नृत्यं''' शब्दा: अधस्तात्‌ प्रदत्ता:. *[[वाद्यम्‌]] *[[करणम्‌]] *[[भरतनाट्यम्‌]] *[[कुचिपुडि]] *[[मणिपुरी]] *[[ओडिसी]] 1211 6386 2004-09-29T22:31:17Z 130.39.222.122 [[en:Astronomy]] '''ज्‍योतिष'''शास्‍त्रस्‍य परम्‍परा नितरां प्राचीना परिलक्ष्‍यते. सम्‍प्रति स्‍थालीपुलाकन्‍यायेन कानिचिद्‌ निदर्शनानि प्रस्‍तूय, युगसंवत्‍सरर्तुमासार्धमासदिनमुहूर्तरूपं कालविधानं विभिन्‍ननक्षत्राणां गतिनिरूपणं चाधृत्‍य प्रचलितस्‍यास्‍य शास्‍त्रस्‍य क्रमिको विकास: प्रदर्श्‍यते. ===संहिताकाल:=== ===ब्राह्मणकाल:=== ===उपनिषत्‍काल:=== ===वेदाङ्गकाल:=== ===आर्षकाव्‍यकाल:=== ===सिद्घान्‍तकाल:=== [[आर्यभट]]: [[ब्रह्मगुप्‍त]]: [[भास्‍कर]]: [[माधव]]: [[नीलकण्‍ठ]]: 1212 10292 2006-03-08T15:49:39Z 61.16.168.53 [[en:Kannada]] '''कन्नड''' भारतस्य प्राचीनतमासु भाषासु एका. [[द्रविड-भाषा]]नामेका कन्नडभाषा। ==External links== * [http://brahmi.sourceforge.net/docs/KannadaComputing.html Description of the Kannada language] * [http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0C80.pdf Official Unicode chart for Kannada (PDF)] * [http://www.kamat.com/kalranga/kar/literature/history1.htm History of Kannada Language and Literature] * [http://www.bangalorebest.com/discoverbangalore/learnkanada/index.asp Learn Kannada] * [http://www.udupipages.com/pages/kanada1.html Basic sentences in Kannada] 1214 6388 2004-09-18T19:38:51Z Murtasa 17 [[रामस्वामी वेङ्कटरामन्]] 1218 11315 2006-09-20T16:55:18Z 70.105.26.206 Redirecting to [[अब्दुल कलाम]] #redirect [[अब्दुल कलाम]] 1219 11318 2006-09-20T16:59:02Z 70.105.26.206 Redirecting to [[कोचेरिल रामन नारायणन्]] #redirect [[कोचेरिल रामन नारायणन्]] 1220 6391 2004-10-12T03:24:38Z 65.0.100.63 #REDIRECT [[रामस्वामी वेङ्कटरामन्]] 1222 11306 2006-09-17T14:36:04Z Nidhishsinghal 195 this should be asti as he is alive '''विद्याधर सूरजप्रसाद नैपाल''' (१९३२ - ) त्रिनिदादे ([[ट्रिनिडाड]] देशे) जात:. तस्‍य परिवार: मूल भारतीय आसीत्‌. इदानीन स: विश्वस्य प्रमुख लेखक: अस्ति. स: २००१ तमे साहित्य ''[[नोबल-पुरस्कार]]'' अर्जित:. तस्‍य अनुज: [[शिव नैपाल]] अपि एक: कुशल-उपन्‍यासकार: अस्ति. ==पुस्‍तकानि== ''' कादम्‍बरी''' *''[[The Mystic Masseur]]'' - ([[1957]]) *''[[The Suffrage of Elvira]]'' - ([[1958]]) *''[[Miguel Street]]'' - ([[1959]]) *''[[A House for Mr Biswas]]'' - ([[1961]]) *''[[Mr. Stone and the Knight's Companion]]'' - ([[1963]]) *''[[A Flag on the Island]]'' - ([[1967]]) *''[[The Mimic Men]]'' - ([[1967]]) *''[[The Loss of Eldorado]]'' - ([[1969]]) *''[[In a Free State]]'' - ([[1971]]) *''[[Guerillas (book)|Guerillas]]'' - ([[1975]]) *''[[A Bend in the River]]'' - ([[1979]]) *''[[Finding the Centre]]'' - ([[1984]]) *''[[The Enigma of Arrival]]'' - ([[1987]]) *''[[A Way in the World]]'' - ([[1994]]) *''[[Half a Life]]'' - ([[2001]]) *''[[Magic Seeds]]'' - ([[2004]]) '''अन्‍य''' * The Middle Passage: Impressions of Five Societies - British, French and Dutch in the West Indies and South America ([[1962]]) *''[[An Area of Darkness]]''- ([[1964]]) * The Overcrowded Barracoon and Other Articles ([[1972]]) * India: A Wounded Civilization ([[1977]]) * A Congo Diary ([[1980]]) * The Return of Eva Per&oacute;n ([[1980]]) * Among the Believers: An Islamic Journey ([[1981]]) * Finding the Centre ([[1984]]) * A Turn in the South ([[1989]]) * India: A Million Mutinies Now ([[1990]]) * Homeless by Choice ([[1992]], with R. Jhabvala and S. Rushdie) * Bombay ([[1994]], with Raghubir Singh) * Beyond Belief: Islamic Excursions among the Converted Peoples ([[1998]]) * Between Father and Son: Family Letters ([[1999]], edited by Gillon Aitken) [[de:V.S. Naipaul]] [[en:V.S. Naipaul]] [[eo:Vidiadhar Surajprasad NAIPAUL]] [[es:Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul]] [[fr:Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul]] [[hi:विद्याधर सूरजप्रसाद नैपाल]] [[nl:V.S. Naipaul]] [[pl:Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul]] 1223 6393 2004-09-29T13:55:45Z 65.0.122.158 '''शिव नैपाल''' (1945-1985) एक: कुशल-उपन्यासकार: आसीत्. तस्‍य परिवार: मूल भारतीय आसीत्‌. स: [[विद्याधर सूरजप्रसाद नैपाल]]स्य अनुज:. == पुस्तकानि== * Fireflies (1970) * North of South (1978) * Black and White (1980) * A Hot Country (1983) * Beyond the Dragon's Mouth: Stories and Pieces (1984). [[en:Shiva Naipaul]] [[hi:शिव नैपाल]] 1224 13060 2006-12-22T08:00:38Z Escarbot 175 robot Adding: [[ca:Salman Rushdie]], [[sk:Salman Rushdie]] [[Image:Salman-Rushdie-1.jpg|thumb|Salman Rushdie]] '''सलमान रश्दी''' (१९४७ - ) [[मुम्बई]]-नगरे जात:. स: एक: प्रतिभाशाली लेखक: अस्ति. ==पुस्तकानि== *''Grimus'' ([[1975]]) *''[[Midnight's Children]]'' ([[1980]]) *''[[Shame (novel)|Shame]]'' ([[1983]]) *''The Jaguar Smile: A Nicaraguan Journey'' ([[1987]]) *''[[The Satanic Verses (novel)|The Satanic Verses]]'' ([[1989]]) *''Haroun and the Sea of Stories'' ([[1990]]) *''Imaginary Homelands: Essays and Criticism, 1981-1991'' ([[1992]]) *''East, West'' ([[1994]]) *''The Moor's Last Sigh'' ([[1995]]) *''The Ground Beneath Her Feet'' ([[1999]]) *''Fury'' ([[2001]]) *''Step Across This Line: Collected Nonfiction 1992-2002'' ([[2002]]) [[ar:سلمان رشدي]] [[bg:Салман Рушди]] [[ca:Salman Rushdie]] [[cs:Salman Rushdie]] [[da:Salman Rushdie]] [[de:Salman Rushdie]] [[en:Salman Rushdie]] [[eo:Salman Rushdie]] [[es:Salman Rushdie]] [[fa:سلمان رشدی]] [[fi:Salman Rushdie]] [[fr:Salman Rushdie]] [[he:סלמאן רושדי]] [[hu:Salman Rushdie]] [[id:Salman Rushdie]] [[is:Salman Rushdie]] [[it:Salman Rushdie]] [[ja:サルマン・ラシュディ]] [[ko:살만 루시디]] [[ku:Selman Ruşdî]] [[lv:Salmans Rušdi]] [[mk:Салман Ружди]] [[nl:Salman Rushdie]] [[no:Salman Rushdie]] [[pl:Salman Rushdie]] [[pt:Salman Rushdie]] [[ro:Salman Rushdie]] [[ru:Рушди, Салман]] [[simple:Salman Rushdie]] [[sk:Salman Rushdie]] [[sv:Salman Rushdie]] [[tr:Salman Rüşdi]] [[vi:Salman Rushdie]] 1225 12658 2006-12-14T02:03:24Z Escarbot 175 robot Adding: ar, bs, ca, cs, cy, et, eu, fa, ga, gl, hr, id, ilo, ka, lt, nn, ro, ru, simple, sr, sw, tg, tr, vi Modifying: eo '''गुंटर ग्रास''' (१९२७ - ) १९९९तमे साहित्यस्य नोबल-पुरस्कार विजेता अलंकृतवान्. तस्य भाषा जर्मन अस्ति. [[Image:Grass.JPG|300px|right|Günter Grass]] ==पुस्तकानि== * Danziger Trilogie ** ''Die Blechtrommel'' ([[1959]]) ** ''Katz und Maus'' ([[1961]]) ** ''Hundejahre'' ([[1963]]) * ''Örtlich betäubt'' ([[1969]]) * ''Aus dem Tagebuch einer Schnecke'' ([[1972]]) * ''Der Butt'' ([[1979]]) * ''Das Treffen in Telgte'' ([[1979]]) * ''Kopfgeburten oder Die Deutschen sterben aus'' ([[1980]]) * ''Die Rättin'' ([[1986]]) * ''Zunge zeigen. Ein Tagebuch in Zeichnungen'' ([[1988]]) * ''Unkenrufe'' ([[1992]]) * ''Ein weites Feld'' ([[1995]]) * ''Mein Jahrhundert'' ([[1999]]) * ''Im Krebsgang'' ([[2002]]) * ''Letzte Tänze'' ([[2003]]) [[ar:غونتر غراس]] [[bg:Гюнтер Грас]] [[bs:Günter Grass]] [[ca:Günter Grass]] [[cs:Günter Grass]] [[cy:Günter Grass]] [[da:Günter Grass]] [[de:Günter Grass]] [[en:Günter Grass]] [[eo:Günter Grass]] [[es:Günter Grass]] [[et:Günter Grass]] [[eu:Gunter Grass]] [[fa:گونتر گراس]] [[fi:Günter Grass]] [[fr:Günter Grass]] [[ga:Günter Grass]] [[gl:Günter Grass]] [[he:גינטר גראס]] [[hr:Günter Grass]] [[hu:Günter Grass]] [[id:Günter Grass]] [[ilo:Günter Grass]] [[io:Günter Grass]] [[is:Günter Grass]] [[it:Günter Grass]] [[ja:ギュンター・グラス]] [[ka:გრასი, გიუნტერ]] [[ko:귄터 그라스]] [[ku:Günter Grass]] [[lt:Günter Grass]] [[lv:Ginters Grass]] [[nl:Günter Grass]] [[nn:Günter Grass]] [[no:Günter Grass]] [[pl:Günter Grass]] [[pt:Günter Grass]] [[ro:Günter Grass]] [[ru:Грасс, Гюнтер]] [[simple:Günther Grass]] [[sr:Гинтер Грас]] [[sv:Günter Grass]] [[sw:Günter Grass]] [[tg:Гюнтер Грас]] [[tr:Günter Grass]] [[vi:Günter Grass]] [[zh:君特·格拉斯]] 1226 10521 2006-05-14T04:20:30Z DaGizza 117 stub '''याज्ञवल्‍क्‍य''' एक: महान ऋषि आसीत्‌ | अनेन "शतपथ-ब्राह्‍मण" ग्रन्‍थ: लिखित: | स: ज्‍योतिषविद्‌ अपि आसीत्‌ | *[[गणितं]] [[en:Yajnvalkya]] [[ks:याज्ञवल्‍क्‍य]] {{stub}} 1227 6397 2004-09-27T15:53:28Z 130.39.222.122 #REDIRECT [[सलमान रश्दी]] 1228 6398 2004-09-23T18:15:36Z Murtasa 17 '''हेमा मालिनी''' (१९४८ - ) अभिनेत्री अस्ति. तस्‍य पति: अभिनेता [[धर्मेन्द्र]]:. [[en:Hema Malini]] 1229 9638 2005-10-15T10:53:03Z 84.179.96.54 +de '''धर्मेन्द्र''': (१९३५ - ) एक: प्रमुख अभिनेता अस्ति. * [http://www.upperstall.com/people/dharmendra.html Biography and apparently complete filmography from www.upperstall.com] [[de:Dharmendra]] [[en:Dharmendra]] {{stub}} 1230 6400 2004-10-11T22:30:37Z 130.39.222.122 #REDIRECT [[धर्मेन्द्र:]] 1232 12863 2006-12-18T08:53:54Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: bn, de, fr, hi, sv [[Image:J.C.Bose.JPG|right|thumb|Jagdish Chandra Bose in his lab.]] '''जगदीश चन्द्र बोस''' (१८५८-१९३७) एक: विश्वविख्यात: भौतिकशास्त्रपण्डित: आसीत्. {{stub}} [[bn:জগদীশ চন্দ্র বসু]] [[de:Jagadish Chandra Bose]] [[en:Jagdish Chandra Bose]] [[fr:Jagadish Chandra Bose]] [[gu:જગદીશચંદ્ર બોઝ]] [[hi:जगदीश चन्द्र वसु]] [[sv:Jagdish Chandra Bose]] 1233 12850 2006-12-18T07:53:19Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[tg:Айшвария Рай]] '''ऐश्वर्या राय''' (१९७३- ) विश्व-सुन्‍दरी एवं अभिनेत्री अस्ति. == चलचित्राणि == * ''इरुवर (तामिळ)'' (१९९७) : प्रथम् चलचित्राणि * ''और प्यार हो गया'' (१९९८) * ''जिन्स '' (Jeans) (१९९८) * ''आ अब लौट चलें'' (१९९९) * ''हम दिल दे चुके सनम'' (१९९९) * ''ताल'' (१९९९) * ''हमारा दिल आपके पास है'' (२०००) * ''जोश'' (२०००) * ''मोहब्बतें'' (२०००) * ''ढाई अक्षर प्रेम के'' (२०००) * ''अलबेला'' (२००२) * ''हम किसीसे कम नहीं'' (२००२) * ''२३ मार्च १९३१: शहिद भगत सिंग (अतिथि कलाकारः)'' (२००२) * ''शक्ति - द पावर (अतिथि कलाकारः) '' (२००२) * ''देवदास'' (२००२) * ''दिल का रिश्ता'' (२००२) * ''हम पंछी एक डालके'' (२००२) * ''ऱाधॆशाम सिताराम'' (२००२) * ''चोखेर बाली'' (बंगाली)(२००३) * ''कुछ ना कहो'' (२००३) * ''खाक़ी'' (२००४) * ''क्यों...! हो गया ना?'' (२००४) * ''ब्राईङ् अँण्ङ प्रिज्युङिस (Bride and Prejudice)'' (२००४) * ''रैऩकोट''- Raincoat (२००४) * ''बंटी और बबली'' (अतिथि कलाकारः) (२००५) * ''मिस्ट्रैस आँफ स्पाईसेस - Mistress Of Spices '' (इंग्ग्लिश) (२००५) *** #### आगमनियः चलचित्रौः #### *** * ''प्रोव्हॊक्ड् - Provoked'' (२००६) * ''द हार्ट आँफ इण्डिया - The Heart Of India" (२००६) * ''द लास्ट लिजऩ - The Last Legion" (इंग्ग्लिश) (२००६) * ''धूम - २'' (२००६) * ''जोधा-अकबर'' (२००६) * ''गुरु'' (२००६) * ''सिंग्युल्यारिटी - Singularity'' (इंग्ग्लिश) (२००६) * ''द रेबल - The Rebel'' (२००७) * ''चाओस - Chaos'' (इंग्ग्लिश) (२००७) ==External link== * [http://www.bollywoodmasti.com/actress/aish/ Photos of Aishwarya Rai] * [http://www.bollywoodmasti.com/wall/aish/ Wallpapers of Aishwarya Rai] * [http://us.imdb.com/name/nm0706787/ Internet DataBase (IMDb) entry of Aishwarya Rai] * [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0706787/bio IMDB biography] * [http://www.aishwaryarai.com www.aishwaryarai.com - Aishwarya fansite] * [http://www.dmoz.org/Arts/People/R/Rai,_Aishwarya/Image_Galleries/ Aishwarya Rai Directory] * [http://www.aishwaryaraifan.com Aishwarya Rai] fan [[de:Aishwarya Rai]] [[en:Aishwarya Rai]] [[eo:Aishwarya Rai]] [[es:Aishwarya Rai]] [[fi:Aishwarya Rai]] [[fr:Aishwarya Rai]] [[gu:ઐશ્વર્યા રાય]] [[he:אישווריה ראי]] [[hi:ऐश्वर्या राय]] [[ja:アイシュワリヤ・ライ]] [[kn:ಐಶ್ವರ್ಯಾ ರೈ]] [[nl:Aishwarya Rai]] [[pl:Aishwarya Rai]] [[pt:Aishwarya Rai]] [[ru:Айшварья Рай]] [[sq:Aishwarya Rai]] [[sv:Aishwarya Rai]] [[tg:Айшвария Рай]] [[tr:Aishwarya Rai]] [[vi:Aishwarya Rai]] [[zh:艾絲維亞莉]] 1234 12776 2006-12-17T17:59:48Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: bn, de, it, pl, sv, ta Modifying: en, fr '''भरत नाट्यम्''' भारतस्य प्राचीन नृत्य शैली अस्ति. [[भरत मुनि]] [[bn:ভরতনট্যম]] [[de:Bharatanatyam]] [[en:Bharatanatyam]] [[fr:Bharata natyam]] [[it:Bharatanatyam]] [[pl:Bharatanatiam]] [[sv:Bharata natyam]] [[ta:பரதநாட்டியம்]] 1235 11628 2006-11-12T03:20:09Z देशा 218 '''भरत मुनि''' (५०० ई पू) [[नाट्यशास्त्रम्]] लिखितम्. ==सङ्गीतशास्त्रम्== *[[दत्तिल मुनि]] *[[मतङ्ग मुनि]] *[[शार्ङ्गदेव]] {{stub}} [[en:Bharata Muni]] [[hi:भरत मुनि]] 1236 12839 2006-12-18T05:26:50Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[eo:Amitabh Bachchan]] '''अमिताभ बच्चन''' (१९४२ - ) प्रमुख हिन्दी अभिनेता. ==चलचित्रानि== ==External links== * [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000821/ IMDB: Amitabh Bachan] [[bn:অমিতাভ বচ্চন]] [[de:Amitabh Bachchan]] [[en:Amitabh Bachchan]] [[eo:Amitabh Bachchan]] [[fa:آمیتاب باچان]] [[fr:Amitabh Bachchan]] [[gu:અમિતાભ બચ્ચન]] [[he:אמיטאב באצ'אן]] [[hi:अमिताभ बच्चन]] [[hu:Amitabh Bachchan]] [[kn:ಅಮಿತಾಭ್ ಬಚ್ಚನ್]] [[nl:Amitabh Bachchan]] [[pl:Amitabh Bachchan]] [[sv:Amitabh Bachchan]] [[tr:Amitabh Bachchan]] 1240 6406 2004-10-11T22:31:14Z 130.39.222.122 #REDIRECT [[अमिताभ बच्चन]] 1244 12707 2006-12-16T01:21:42Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: als, bn, fr, pt, ru, sk, sv, ta, vi Modifying: de, en '''अरविन्द घोष''' (१८७२-१९५०) एक: महान योगी: एवं दार्शनिक: आसीत्‌. ==ग्रन्था:== * ''Bases of Yoga'', Lotus Press, Twin Lakes, Wisconsin ISBN 0-941524-77-9 * ''Bhagavad Gita and Its Message'', Lotus Press, Twin Lakes, Wisconsin ISBN 0-941524-78-7 * ''Dictionary of Sri Aurobindo's Yoga'', (compiled by M.P. Pandit), Lotus Press, Twin Lakes, Wisconsin ISBN 0-941524-74-4 * ''Essays on the Gita'', Lotus Press, Twin Lakes, Wisconsin ISBN 0-914955-18-7 * ''The Future Evolution of Man'', Lotus Press, Twin Lakes, Wisconsin ISBN 0-940985-55-1 * ''The Human Cycle: The Psychology of Social Development'', Lotus Press, Twin Lakes, Wisconsin ISBN 0-914955-44-6 * ''Hymns to the Mystic Fire'', Lotus Press, Twin Lakes, Wisconsin ISBN 0-914955-22-5 * ''The Ideal of Human Unity'', Lotus Press, Twin Lakes, Wisconsin ISBN 0-914955-43-8 * ''The Integral Yoga: Sri Aurobindo's Teaching and Method of Practice'', Lotus Press, Twin Lakes, Wisconsin ISBN 0-941524-76-0 * ''The Life Divine'', Lotus Press, Twin Lakes, Wisconsin ISBN 0-941524-61-2 * ''The Mind of Light'', Lotus Press, Twin Lakes, Wisconsin ISBN 0-940985-70-5 * ''The Mother'', Lotus Press, Twin Lakes, Wisconsin ISBN 0-941524-79-5 * ''Rebirth and Karma'', Lotus Press, Twin Lakes, Wisconsin ISBN 0-941524-63-9 * ''Savitri: A Legend and a Symbol'', Lotus Press, Twin Lakes, Wisconsin ISBN 0-941524-80-9 * ''Secret of the Veda'', Lotus Press, Twin Lakes, Wisconsin ISBN 0-914955-19-5 * ''Sri Aurobindo Primary Works Set 12 vol. US Edition'', Lotus Press, Twin Lakes, Wisconsin ISBN 0-941524-93-0 * ''Sri Aurobindo Selected Writings Software CD Rom'', Lotus Press, Twin Lakes, Wisconsin ISBN 0-914955-88-8 * ''The Synthesis of Yoga'', Lotus Press, Twin Lakes, Wisconsin ISBN 0-941524-65-5 * ''The Upanishads'', Lotus Press, Twin Lakes, Wisconsin ISBN 0-914955-23-3 * ''Vedic Symbolism'', Lotus Press, Twin Lakes, Wisconsin ISBN 0-941524-30-2 [[als:Sri Aurobindo]] [[bn:অরবিন্দ ঘোষ]] [[de:Aurobindo Ghose]] [[en:Sri Aurobindo]] [[fr:Aurobindo Ghose]] [[hi:अरविन्द घोष]] [[pt:Sri Aurobindo]] [[ru:Шри Ауробиндо]] [[sk:Sri Aurobindo]] [[sv:Aurobindo]] [[ta:அரவிந்தர்]] [[vi:Aurobindo]] 1246 12744 2006-12-16T18:34:58Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[id:Satyajit Ray]] '''सत्यजित राय''' (१९२१-१९९२) विख्यात फिल्म-निर्देशक: आसीत्‌. ==बाह्य== *[http://www.parabaas.com/satyajit In Parabaas] *[http://www.satyajitray.org Satyajitray.org] *[http://www.satyajitray.org/films/filmo_directed.htm फिल्म-सूची] *[http://www.satyajitray.org/bio/index.htm जीवनी] [[ar:ساتياجيت راي]] [[bn:সত্যজিৎ রায়]] [[ca:Satyajit Ray]] [[de:Satyajit Ray]] [[en:Satyajit Ray]] [[eo:Satyajit Ray]] [[es:Satyajit Ray]] [[fi:Satyajit Ray]] [[fr:Satyajit Ray]] [[hi:सत्यजित राय]] [[id:Satyajit Ray]] [[ja:サタジット・レイ]] [[kn:ಸತ್ಯಜಿತ್ ರೇ]] [[sv:Satyajit Ray]] [[ta:சத்யஜித் ராய்]] 1251 11828 2006-11-23T05:43:34Z कलिकल 220 '''हजारी प्रसाद द्विवेदी''' ==पश्‍य== *[[हिन्दी साहित्यं]] [[hi:हजारी प्रसाद द्विवेदी]] {{stub}} 1252 6418 2004-10-11T22:30:51Z 130.39.222.122 #REDIRECT [[राजेश खन्ना]] 1254 12884 2006-12-18T18:56:02Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[en:Nirmal Verma]], [[kn:ನಿರ್ಮಲ್ ವರ್ಮ]] '''निर्मल वर्मा''' (ज. १९२९) एक: प्रमुख: हिन्दी कथाकार अस्‍ति. ==पश्‍य== *[[हिन्दी साहित्यं]] [[en:Nirmal Verma]] [[hi:निर्मल वर्मा]] [[kn:ನಿರ್ಮಲ್ ವರ್ಮ]] 1255 11600 2006-11-11T17:34:09Z देशा 218 '''ब्रिटेन''' यूरोप महाद्वीपे पश्‍चिमेक्षेत्रे एक: देश: अस्‍ति. जनसंख्‍या - ७० मिलियन. राजधानी - [[लंदन ]] [[en:Britain]][[hi:ब्रिटेन]] [[ks:ब्रिटेन]] 1256 6422 2004-10-04T22:20:56Z 130.39.222.122 '''जर्मनी''' यूरोप महाद्वीपे मध्‍यक्षेत्रे देश: अस्‍ति. अस्‍य राजधानी [[बर्लिन]] अस्‍ति. == External links == *[http://www.justgermany.org Germany travel guide] *[http://www.facts-about-germany.de Facts about Germany] - Official site published by the German Federal Foreign Office *[http://www.deutschland.de/en Deutschland.de] - Official German portal *[http://www.statistikportal.de/ Statistikportal.de] - Official statistical data *[http://www.bundesregierung.de/en Bundesregierung Deutschland] - Official site of the German Federal Government *[http://eng.bundespraesident.de/ Bundespräsident] - Official site of the German President *[http://www.bundestag.de/htdocs_e/ Bundestag] - Official site of the German Parliament *[http://www.handbuch-deutschland.de/ A Manual for Germany] - How Germany works, published by the German Federal Government *[http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/gm.html World Fact book - Germany] - The World fact book page of Germany (source : CIA) *[http://www.stadtpanoramen.de Stadtpanoramen.de] - Panoramic views of numerous German Cities *[http://www.deutschland-panorama.de Panoramic views of numerous German landmarks] *[http://www.sunsearch.de German Travel Guide] - Tourism Resources *Axel Boldt, ''[http://math-www.uni-paderborn.de/~axel/us-d.html A Subjective Comparison of Germany and the United States]'' *[http://www.eutropia.com/fotos/fotos-2.html Photos of Germany] *[http://www.fotocommunity.de/pc/pc/cat/27 rummage in the photo box] *[http://wikitravel.org/en/article/Germany Germany travel guide at Wikitravel] *[http://nlntv.com/cat_german.html German TV Programming] *[http://zeitungen.de Zeitungen.de] - German newspaper portal [[en:Germany]] [[ks:जर्मनी]] 1257 9752 2005-11-15T06:19:39Z 24.251.68.75 {{notsanskrit}} '''बाङ्गला''' आर्य-भाषा परिवारस्‍य एका भाषा. Bengali is the language spoken by the populations of Bangladesh and the neighboring state of West Bengal in India. There are also significant Bengali-speaking communities in Assam (another Indian state also neighboring West Bengal and Bangladesh), and in immigrant populations in the West and the Middle East. The standard form of cholit bhaashaa, the primary spoken dialect, is molded on "Calcutta Bengali". Bengali is an English word referring to both the language and the people speaking the language; in the Bengali language itself the tongue is called Bangla, (বাঙলা), a term now finding more usage in English; in Bangla, the people are called Bangali(বাংলা). The traditional area of habitation of Bengali peoples is called Bengal in English and Bongo (usually transliterated as "Banga") or Bangla in Bengali ("Bangadesh" and "Bangladesh" were terms used for the entire region pre-partition for the region). The region is now broken into two parts, the western part, West Bengal, (or Poshchim Bongo) being a state in India and the eastern part, Bangladesh (East Bengal or Purbo Bongo), being an independent country. 1258 6424 2005-02-18T06:11:14Z 211.128.73.214 +ja: '''सुभास चन्द्र बोस''' (१८९७-१९४५) तस्‍य जन्‍म उत्‍कलप्रदेशे कटकनामके नगरे अभूत्‌. सुभास: पराधीनाया: मातृभूमे: रक्षणार्थं स्‍वाधीनता संग्रामे प्रवृत्तोऽभूत. १९३६तमे कांग्रेस संस्‍थाया: अध्‍यक्षपदमपि अलङ्‍कृतवान्‌. १९४०तमे सुभासस्‍य गतिविधिं प्रति रुष्‍टै: ब्रिटिशशासकै: स स्‍वगृहै एव निरुद्‍ध:. किन्‍तु स्‍वतन्‍त्रोऽयं सिंह: अवरोधं निहत्‍य सर्वकारस्‍य नेत्रयो: धूलिं प्रक्षिप्‍य गुप्‍तवेशे स्‍वगृहाद्‌ बहिनिर्गच्‍छत्‌. स: जर्मनी जापानादि देशं गत्‍वा आङ्‍ग्‍ल शासकान्‌ प्रतिरोधार्थं युद्‍धस्‍य योजनां चकार. स्‍वल्‍पैरेव साधनै: ब्रिटिशशासनोपरि आक्रमणं कृत्‍वा ब्‌ह्मदेशं (म्‍यामनार), मणिपुरं, भारतस्‍यभूभागं बन्‍धनमुक्तं कृतवान्‌. ==बाह्‍य ग्रन्‍थय:== *[http://netaji.netfirms.com/index.htm नेताजी वेब] *[http://www.kamat.com/kalranga/itihas/bose.htm लेख:] *[http://www.netaji.org नेताजी वेब] *[http://www.yorozubp.com/netaji/ भाषणं] [[en:Subhas Chandra Bose]] [[ja:スバス・チャンドラ・ボース]] 1259 12748 2006-12-16T19:25:49Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: ca, cs, ja, no, pt, ro, ru, sl, sr, sw, te Modifying: de, mr, sv '''चन्द्रशेखर वेङ्कट रामन्''' (१८८८-१९७०) एक: भौतिक-शास्त्री आसीत्. स: १९३०तमे नोबल-पुरस्कारै अलंकृतवान्. तस्‍य जन्‍म: दक्षिण भारतस्‍य तिरुचिरापल्‍ली नामके स्‍थाने अभवत्‌. शिक्षानन्‍तरं स: राजकीय वित्त विभागे कार्यं अकरोत्‌. [[आशुतोष मुखोपाध्‍याय]]: तं कालिकाताम्‌ अनयत्‌. 'भारतरत्‍नम्‌' इत्‍युपाधिना स: विभूषित: अभवत. == बाह्य ग्रन्थिया: == * [http://almaz.com/nobel/physics/1930a.html नोबल-पुरस्कार संदर्भ:] [[ca:Chandrasekhara Raman]] [[cs:Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman]] [[de:C. V. Raman]] [[en:Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman]] [[es:Chandrasekhara Raman]] [[fr:Chandrashekhara Venkata Râman]] [[hi:चन्द्रशेखर वेङ्कट रामन्]] [[id:Venkata Raman]] [[ja:チャンドラセカール・ラマン]] [[kn:ಚಂದ್ರಶೇಖರ ವೆಂಕಟ ರಾಮನ್]] [[mr:सर चंद्रशेखर वेंकट रमण‎]] [[nl:Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman]] [[no:Venkata Raman]] [[pl:Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman]] [[pt:Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman]] [[ro:Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman]] [[ru:Раман, Чандрасекара Венката]] [[sl:Čandrasekara Venkata Raman]] [[sr:Чандрасекара Венката Раман]] [[sv:Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman]] [[sw:Chandrasekhara Raman]] [[ta:சந்திரசேகர வெங்கட ராமன்]] [[te:చంద్రశేఖర్ వేంకట రామన్]] 1260 11230 2006-09-06T13:46:40Z 62.236.112.17 '''सुब्रह्मण्यन् चन्द्रशेखर''' (१९१०-१९९५) एक: भौतिक-शास्त्री आसीत्. स: १९८३तमे नोबल-पुरस्कारै अलंकृतवान्. तस्‍य जन्‍म: भारतस्‍य [[लाहोर]] नामके स्‍थाने अभवत्‌. ==External links== *[http://www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/biomems/schandrasekhar.html National Academy of Sciences biography] *[http://chandra.harvard.edu/about/chandra.html Harvard's site on Chandrasekhar] *[http://www.nobel-winners.com/Physics/subrahmanyan_chandrasekhar.html Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar] *[http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1983/index.html Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar] * [http://www.phys-astro.sonoma.edu/BruceMedalists/Chandrasekhar/index.html Bruce Medal page] * [http://adsabs.harvard.edu//full/seri/PASP./0064//0000055.000.html Awarding of Bruce Medal: PASP '''64''' (1952) 55] ===Obituaries=== * [http://adsabs.harvard.edu//full/seri/BAAS./0028//0001448.000.html BAAS '''28''' (1996) 1448] * [http://adsabs.harvard.edu//full/seri/Obs../0116//0000121.000.html Obs '''116''' (1996) 121] [http://adsabs.harvard.edu//full/seri/Obs../0118//0000024.000.html comment] * [http://adsabs.harvard.edu//full/seri/PASP./0109//0000073.000.html PASP '''109''' (1997) 73] * [http://adsabs.harvard.edu//full/seri/QJRAS/0037//0000261.000.html QJRAS '''37''' (1996) 261] [[bg:Субрахманиан Чандрасекар]] [[cs:Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar]] [[de:Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar]] [[en:Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar]] [[es:Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar]] [[fr:Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar]] [[he:סוברהמניאן צ'נדראסקאר]] [[hu:Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar]] [[it:Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar]] [[ja:スブラマニアン・チャンドラセカール]] [[nl:Subramanyan Chandrasekhar]] [[nn:Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar]] [[no:Subramanyan Chandrasekhar]] [[pl:Subramanyan Chandrasekhar]] [[pt:Subramanyan Chandrasekhar]] [[ru:Чандрасекар, Субраманьян]] [[sl:Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar]] [[fi:Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar]] [[sv:Subramanyan Chandrasekhar]] 1261 6427 2004-09-25T15:17:47Z 68.155.125.243 '''सुभास चन्द्र बोस''' (१८९७-१९४५) तस्‍य जन्‍म उत्‍कलप्रदेशे कटकनामके नगरे अभूत्‌. सुभास: पराधीनाया: मातृभूमे: रक्षणार्थं स्‍वाधीनता संग्रामे प्रवृत्तोऽभूत. १९३६तमे कांग्रेस संस्‍थाया: अध्‍यक्षपदमपि अलङ्‍कृतवान्‌. १९४०तमे सुभासस्‍य गतिविधिं प्रति रुष्‍टै: ब्रिटिशशासकै: स स्‍वगृहै एव निरुद्‍ध:. किन्‍तु स्‍वतन्‍त्रोऽयं सिंह: अवरोधं निहत्‍य सर्वकारस्‍य नेत्रयो: धूलिं प्रक्षिप्‍य गुप्‍तवेशे स्‍वगृहाद्‌ बहिनिर्गच्‍छत्‌. स: जर्मनी जापानादि देशं गत्‍वा आङ्‍ग्‍ल शासकान्‌ प्रतिरोधार्थं युद्‍धस्‍य योजनां चकार. स्‍वल्‍पैरेव साधनै: ब्रिटिशशासनोपरि आक्रमणं कृत्‍वा ब्‌ह्मदेशं (म्‍यामनार), मणिपुरं, भारतस्‍यभूभागं बन्‍धनमुक्तं कृतवान्‌. [[en:Subhas Chandra Bose]] 1266 6429 2004-10-05T22:58:10Z 130.39.222.122 '''सूडान (جمهورية السودان Jumhuriyat as-Sudan)''' अफ्रीका महाद्वीपे उत्तरक्षेत्रे एक: देश: अस्‍ति. ==External link== Photos of Life in Sudan: http://www.pbase.com/world/sudan<br style="clear:both;"/> CIA - The World Factbook (Sudan): http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/su.html<br style="clear:both;"/> [[en:Sudan]] 1267 11847 2006-11-24T11:23:04Z DaGizza 117 rv {{notsanskrit}} '''दक्षिण अफ्रीका''' [[अफ्रीका]] महाद्वीपे दक्षिणखण्‍डे देश: अस्‍ति. अस्‍य राजधानी [[केपटौन]] अस्‍ति. South Africa has 11 official languages. As a result, there are many acceptable official names for the country. They are: Republiek van Suid-Afrika (Afrikaans) Republic of South Africa (English) IRiphabliki yeSewula Afrika (IsiNdebele) IRiphabliki yaseMzantsi Afrika (IsiXhosa) IRiphabliki yaseNingizimu Afrika (IsiZulu) Rephaboliki ya Afrika-Borwa (Sepedi) Rephaboliki ya Afrika Borwa (Sesotho) Rephaboliki ya Aforika Borwa (Setswana) IRiphabhulikhi yeNingizimu Afrika (SiSwati) Riphabuḽiki ya Afurika Tshipembe (Tshivenda) Riphabliki ra Afrika Dzonga (Xitsonga) It also recognises 8 non-official languages (Fanagalo, Lobedu, Northern Ndebele, Phuthi, Sign Language, Khoe, Nama and San). Furthermore, a small number of South Africans use the name Azania in preference to 'South Africa', which they disapprove of for its colonial origins. Those using the name Azania are most often affiliated with parties coming from an Afrocentric left-wing tradition, such as the Pan-Africanist Congress of Azania, and groups originating as schisms from it, such as the Azanian People's Organization. [[en:South Africa]] [[ks:दक्षिण अफ्रीका]] 1268 12941 2006-12-18T22:16:40Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[frp:Môris (payis)]] '''मारिशस''' == Miscellaneous topics == * [[:en:List of Mauritians]] * [[:en:Communications in Mauritius]] * [[:en:Transportation in Mauritius]] * [[:en:Military of Mauritius]] * [[:en:Foreign relations of Mauritius]] == External links == * [http://www.servihoo.com/ Servihoo web portal] - Mauritian portal * [http://www.mauritius-info.com/ Mauritius Info] - Mauritian portal * [http://www.topfmradio.com/ TopFm Radio] - Live, local, Mauritian radio station * [http://mbc.intnet.mu/ Mauritius broadcasting Corp.] - Public TV/Radio Broadcasting * [http://www.gov.mu/ Government of Mauritius] - Official governmental site [[af:Mauritius]] [[am:ሞሪሸስ]] [[an:Maurizio]] [[ar:موريشيوس]] [[bg:Мавриций]] [[bn:মরিশাস]] [[bs:Mauricijus]] [[ca:Maurici]] [[cs:Mauricius]] [[cy:Mauritius]] [[da:Mauritius]] [[de:Mauritius]] [[el:Μαυρίκιος (Δημοκρατία)]] [[en:Mauritius]] [[eo:Maŭricio]] [[es:Mauricio]] [[et:Mauritius]] [[eu:Maurizio]] [[fa:موریس]] [[fi:Mauritius]] [[fr:Maurice (pays)]] [[frp:Môris (payis)]] [[fy:Mauritsius]] [[ga:Oileán Mhuirís]] [[gl:Mauricio - Maurice]] [[he:מאוריציוס]] [[hi:मॉरिशस]] [[hr:Mauricijus]] [[ht:Moris]] [[hu:Mauritius]] [[id:Mauritius]] [[ilo:Maurisius]] [[io:Mauris]] [[is:Máritíus]] [[it:Mauritius]] [[ja:モーリシャス]] [[ka:მავრიკი]] [[ko:모리셔스]] [[kw:Ynys Morrys]] [[lt:Mauricijus]] [[lv:Maurīcija]] [[mg:Maorisy]] [[mk:Маврициус]] [[mr:मॉरिशिअस]] [[ms:Mauritius]] [[nds:Mauritius]] [[nl:Mauritius (land)]] [[nn:Mauritius]] [[no:Mauritius]] [[oc:Maurici]] [[pam:Mauritius]] [[pl:Mauritius]] [[ps:ماوريتوس]] [[pt:Maurícia]] [[ro:Mauriţius]] [[ru:Маврикий]] [[sh:Mauricijus]] [[simple:Mauritius]] [[sk:Maurícius]] [[sl:Mauritius]] [[sq:Mauritius]] [[sr:Маурицијус]] [[sv:Mauritius]] [[sw:Morisi]] [[tg:Маврикия]] [[th:ประเทศมอริเชียส]] [[tl:Mauritius]] [[tr:Mauritius]] [[ug:ماۋرىتيىچۇس]] [[uk:Маврикій]] [[vi:Mauritius]] [[vo:Maurizeän]] [[zh:毛里求斯]] [[zh-min-nan:Mauritius]] 1272 6435 2004-09-25T23:38:06Z Murtasa 17 '''चन्द्रकान्ता''' (१९३८ - ) श्रीनगरे जाता. सा बहुला उपन्यास: कथा: च लिखिता. *कथा सतीसर [[en:Chandrakanta]] 1273 6436 2004-09-25T23:48:51Z Murtasa 17 '''सरोजिनी काक''' (१९२९- ) श्रीनगरे जाता. सा बहुला कविता लिखिता. *नगर और वैराग्य [[en:Sarojini Kak]] 1274 12929 2006-12-18T21:44:03Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[hi:लल्लेश्वरी]] Modifying: [[en:Lalleshwari]] '''लल्लेश्वरी''' (१४ शती) एका महान [[कश्‍मीर]] भाषायै कवियित्री आसीत्‌. सा वाक्‍यानि रचयिता. [[en:Lalleshwari]] [[hi:लल्लेश्वरी]] 1275 12937 2006-12-18T22:11:01Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: et, ka, pl, ro, ru, sr, tr Modifying: fr, ur, zh '''लाहोर''' [[पाकिस्तान]]स्य पञ्जाब प्रदेशस्य राजधानी अस्ति. एतस्य स्थापना महाराज [[राम]]स्य पुत्र: [[लवकुमार|लवकुमारेन]] करोति इति मन्यते. ==बाह्य== *[http://www.lahore.gov.pk लाहोर City Government] *[http://www.lahorebazaar.com लाहोर Bazaar] *[http://www.itspakistan.net/pakistan/lahore.aspx itsPakistan - About Pakistan - लाहोर]] [[da:Lahore]] [[de:Lahore]] [[en:Lahore]] [[es:Lahore]] [[et:Lahore]] [[fa:لاهور]] [[fi:Lahore]] [[fr:Lahore]] [[gu:લાહોર]] [[he:לאהור]] [[hi:लाहौर]] [[ja:ラホール]] [[ka:ლაჰორი]] [[ko:라호르]] [[ks:लाहोर]] [[nl:Lahore]] [[no:Lahore]] [[pl:Lahaur]] [[pt:Lahore]] [[ro:Lahore]] [[ru:Лахор]] [[sr:Лахор]] [[sv:Lahore]] [[tr:Lahor]] [[ur:لاہور]] [[zh:拉合爾]] 1276 6439 2004-09-26T13:38:16Z 65.0.105.98 '''लखनऊ'''नगरम् [[उत्तर प्रदेश]]स्य राजधानी अस्‍ति. अत्र बहूनि दर्शनीयानि स्थानानि सन्ति. इदम् प्राचीनकाले लक्ष्मणपुरम्‌नाम्ना प्रसिद्घम् आसीत्. अत्र इमामबाडा भवनम् अवध शासकै: निर्मितम्. [[en:Lucknow]] 1277 11316 2006-09-20T16:56:57Z 70.105.26.206 Redirecting to [[गोपाल कृष्ण गोखले]] #redirect [[गोपाल कृष्ण गोखले]] 1279 6441 2004-10-26T03:33:19Z 65.0.105.34 #REDIRECT [[लल्लेश्वरी]] 1283 12918 2006-12-18T21:04:39Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Modifying: [[de:Merath]] '''मेरठ''' पश्चिम उत्तर प्रदेशस्य एक: नगर: अस्ति. [[de:Merath]] [[en:Meerut]] [[es:Meerut]] [[fi:Meerut]] [[fr:Meerut]] [[hi:मेरठ]] [[ja:メーラト]] [[lt:Miratas]] [[mr:मेरठ]] [[nl:Meerut]] [[pl:Merath]] [[pt:Meerut]] [[ro:Meerut]] [[sv:Meerut]] [[ta:மீரட்]] 1284 6446 2004-10-26T03:26:40Z 65.0.105.34 '''गोरखपुर''' पूर्वे उत्तर प्रदेशे एक: नगर: अस्ति. 1287 11789 2006-11-23T05:14:38Z कलिकल 220 '''बाल गङ्‍गाधर तिलक''' (१८५६-१९२०) [[भारत]]स्‍य प्रमुख स्‍वतन्‍त्रतासेनानी आसीत्‌. तस्‍य जन्‍म महाराष्‍ट्रे रत्‍नगिरि जनपदस्‍य चिरबल नामके ग्रामे अभवत्‌. '''स्‍वराज्‍यम्‌ अस्‍माकं जन्‍मसिद्ध: अधिकार:''' इति तिलकस्‍य उद्‍घोष: आसीत्‌. तिलक: गीताया: भाष्‍यम्‌ अलिखत्‌. राष्‍ट्रस्‍य हिताय तिलक: अनेक बारं कारागारं असेवत्‌ विविधानि कष्‍टानि च असहत्‌. स: द्वयो: वातापत्रयो: सम्‍पादनं अकरोत्‌. स: अति परिश्रमी मेधावी च आसीत्‌. {{stub}} [[de:Bal Gangadhar Tilak]] [[en:Bal Gangadhar Tilak]] [[kn:ಲೋಕಮಾನ್ಯ ಬಾಲ ಗಂಗಾಧರ ತಿಲಕ]] [[mr:लोकमान्य बाळ गंगाधर टिळक]] [[sv:Lokmanya Tilak]] [[ur:بال گنگا دھر تلک]] 1289 6450 2004-10-12T02:56:42Z 65.0.100.63 '''श्रीनगर''' [[भारत]]स्‍य [[कश्‍मीर]] प्रान्‍तस्‍य ग्रीष्म-राजधानी अस्‍ति. इदं एकं सुरम्‍यं नगरं अस्‍ति. श्रीनगरं राजा-प्रवरसेनै: २००० वर्षानि पूर्वे स्थापितम्‌. ==जालगवाक्ष:== *[http://srinagar.nic.in/ श्रीनगर] [[en:Srinagar]] 1290 6451 2004-10-06T20:14:15Z 130.39.222.122 '''जम्मू''' [[भारत]]स्‍य [[कश्‍मीर]] प्रान्‍तस्‍य द्वितीय राजधानी अस्‍ति. Jammu is one of the three regions of Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. It consists of six districts of the state namely Jammu, Kathua, Poonch, Rajouri, Udhampur and Doda. Largest city is Jammu. Approximately 66% of the population is hindu. Jammu is also well connected with rest of the India. It is connected by Rail from Jammu Tawi railway station. The station has a very large number of long distance trains servicing it from many parts of India. [[en:Jammu]] 1291 9760 2005-11-15T06:25:17Z 24.251.68.75 {{notsanskrit}} '''शिमला''' हिमाचल प्रदेशस्‍य राजधानी नगर अस्‍ति. Shimla is a popular city with tourists. The best months of the year to visit are March-June (spring) September-October (autumn) and December-January (to experience the winter snow fall). Travel by road is the fastest and the most cost effective option although railway and airport is also available. It is 365 km (9 hours bus journey) from Delhi and 115 km from Chandigarh (4 hours bus journey), the nearby prominent cities. The railroad from Shimla to Kalka (a place near Chandigarh) is a narrow gauge and there are 103 beautiful tunnels on the way. The train is meant for tourist purposes because although rail travel is very cheap it takes painful 6 hours for the same journey which takes 2 and a half hours by road. [[en:Shimla]] 1292 13031 2006-12-20T07:42:32Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[bpy:ডেরাদুন]] '''देहरादून''' उत्तरांचल प्रदेशस्‍य राजधानी अस्‍ति. अस्‍य समीपे विख्‍यात: पर्यटन-केन्‍द्र [[मसूरी]] अस्‍ति. [[bn:দেরাদুন]] [[bpy:ডেরাদুন]] [[de:Dehradun]] [[en:Dehradun]] [[es:Dehradun]] [[fr:Dehradun]] [[hi:देहरादून]] [[ja:デラドゥン]] [[ro:Dehradun]] [[sv:Dehradun]] [[ta:தேஹ்ராதுன்]] 1293 6454 2004-10-06T19:59:47Z 130.39.222.122 '''दिसपुर''' असम प्रदेशस्‍य राजधानी अस्‍ति. This place that existed as a locality on the outskirts of Guwahati, took its place as the capital of Assam in 1973. To the south of Dispur is the mythologically important site of Basistha Ashram and the Sankardeva Kalashetra, a cultural center created in the 1990s. Next to Dispur is the ancient township of Jatia. Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dispur" [[en:Dispur]] 1294 6455 2004-09-26T15:05:45Z 65.0.105.98 '''मुम्बई''' भारतस्‍य [[महाराष्‍ट्र]] प्रान्‍तस्‍य राजधानी अस्‍ति. 1295 13035 2006-12-20T09:27:39Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[no:Patna]] '''पटना''' [[बिहार]]स्‍य राजधानी अस्‍ति. इदं प्राचीनकाले पाटलिपुत्र नाम्‍ने प्रसिद्धं आसीत्‌. It was formerly known as Kusumpura, Pushpapura, Pâtaliputra, and Azeemabad. Located on the south bank of the Ganges River, its rapidly increasing population was 917,243 in 1991. [[bh:पटना]] [[bn:পাটনা]] [[bpy:পাটনা]] [[de:Patna]] [[en:Patna]] [[es:Patna]] [[fi:Patna]] [[fr:Patna]] [[hi:पटना]] [[id:Patna]] [[ja:パトナ]] [[lt:Patna]] [[nl:Patna]] [[no:Patna]] [[pl:Patna]] [[pt:Patna]] [[ro:Patna, India]] [[simple:Patna]] [[sk:Patna]] [[sv:Patna]] [[ta:பட்னா]] 1298 10516 2006-05-14T04:18:04Z DaGizza 117 stub {{notsanskrit}} '''पणजी''' गोवा प्रदेशस्‍य राजधानी नगर अस्‍ति. It is the capital and largest city of Goa state in south-western India. It lies in the North Goa district on the bank of the Mandovi estuary and has a population of 60,000, or 100,000 including suburbs. During the day, its population swells due to the large number of government employees and others who visit the state capital. {{stub}} [[en:Panaji]] 1299 12810 2006-12-17T21:28:36Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: bn, de, fr, hi, ja, mr, nl, pl, ro, ru, sv, ta '''रायपुरं''' [[छत्तीसगढ]] प्रान्‍तस्‍य राजधानी अस्‍ति. [[bn:রায়পুর]] [[de:Raipur]] [[en:Raipur]] [[fr:Raipur]] [[hi:रायपुर]] [[ja:ライプル]] [[mr:रायपुर]] [[nl:Raipur]] [[pl:Rajpur]] [[ro:Raipur]] [[ru:Райпур]] [[sv:Raipur]] [[ta:ராய்ப்பூர்]] 1300 6461 2004-10-06T20:15:19Z 130.39.222.122 '''रांची''' झारखण्‍ड प्रान्‍तस्‍य राजधानी अस्‍ति. == External links == * [http://www.ranchi.net Ranchi News and Clipping] * [http://www.ranchiexpress.com Ranchi NewsPaper] [[en:Ranchi]] 1301 12696 2006-12-16T00:05:29Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: bn, bpy, de, fi, gl, hi, ja, ro, sv, ta, zh '''अगरतला''' त्रिपुरा प्रान्‍तस्‍य राजधानी अस्‍ति. It lies on the Haroa River, 2 km from the Bangladesh border. It has several temples and palaces. The population is about 200,000 (2004). [[bn:আগরতলা]] [[bpy:আগরতলা]] [[da:Agartala]] [[de:Agartala]] [[en:Agartala]] [[fi:Agartala]] [[gl:Agartala]] [[hi:अगरतला]] [[id:Agartala]] [[ja:アガルタラ]] [[pl:Agartala]] [[ro:Agartala]] [[sv:Agartala]] [[ta:அகர்தலா]] [[zh:阿加尔塔拉]] 1302 13022 2006-12-20T04:51:44Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[bpy:কোহিমা]] '''कोहिमा''' [[भारत]]स्‍य [[नागालैंड]] प्रान्‍तस्‍य राजधानी अस्‍ति. In 1944 during World War II the Battle of Kohima along with the simultaneous Battle of Imphal was the turning point in the Burma Campaign. For the first time in South-East Asia the Japanese lost the initiative to the Allies which they then retained until the end of the war. [[bn:কোহিমা]] [[bpy:কোহিমা]] [[de:Kohima]] [[en:Kohima]] [[hi:कोहिमा]] [[ja:コヒマ]] [[ro:Kohima]] [[sv:Kohima]] [[ta:கோகிமா]] 1303 12844 2006-12-18T07:32:46Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: bn, bpy, de, hi, ja, pl, ro, sv '''इम्‍फाल''' [[भारत]]स्‍य [[मणिपुर]] प्रान्‍तस्‍य राजधानी अस्‍ति. The Imphal Valley is drained by several small rivers originating from the hills surrounding it. These include the Imphal, Iril, Sekmai, Thoubal, and Khuga rivers. 'Ima Keithel' at Khwairamband Bazar is the only market in the world where, as the name suggests, all the stalls are run by women. In the heart of the town and surrounded by a moat, are ruins of the old Palace of Kangla. The grounds are now occupied by the Assam Rifles, a paramilitary force. Another place of historical interest is the Polo Ground which is the oldest existing polo ground in the world. Near the Polo Ground is the Manipur State Museum, which has a good collection of old artifacts and nice pictures depicting the history of Manipur. [[bn:ইম্ফল]] [[bpy:ইম্ফল]] [[de:Imphal]] [[en:Imphal]] [[hi:इंफाल]] [[ja:インパール]] [[pl:Imphal]] [[ro:Imphal]] [[sv:Imphal]] 1304 6465 2004-10-06T21:05:25Z 130.39.222.122 '''भोपाल''' [[भारत]]स्‍य [[मध्‍य प्रदेश]] प्रान्‍तस्‍य राजधानी अस्‍ति. ==External links== * [http://www.bhopalmunicipal.com/ Bhopal Municipal Corporation] * [http://www.bhopal.nic.in/ Bhopal District] * [http://www.bhopal.com bhopal.com, Union Carbide's web site about the Bhopal accident] * [http://www.bhopal.org bhopal.org, The Sambhavna Trust & Bhopal Medical Appeal's web site] * [http://www.bhopal.net International Campaign for Justice in Bhopal (ICJB)] * [http://www.epcobpl.org/bwl-main.html Bhoj Wetland Project] * [http://home.iae.nl/users/triangle/country/bhopal/ Stamps of former Bhopal state] [[en:Bhopal]] 1305 6466 2004-09-26T14:59:16Z 65.0.105.98 '''ऐज़ौल''' भारतस्‍य मिजोरम प्रान्‍तस्‍य राजधानी अस्‍ति. 1306 6467 2004-10-06T21:07:51Z 130.39.222.122 '''शिलॉंग''' [[भारत]]स्‍य [[मेघालय]] प्रान्‍तस्‍य राजधानी अस्‍ति. Meghalaya is also the district headquarter of East Khasi Hills District. Shillong is situated at an altitude of 4,908ft (1,496 m) above sea level. The population of this city is around 150 thousands. Shillong has steadily grown in size and significance in its own traditional way from a mere village as it used to be when it was made the new civil station of Khasi and Jaintia Hills in 1864 by British. It remained the summer capital of Eastern Bengal and Assam for many years. In 1874, on the formation of Assam as a Chief Commissioner's Province, it was chosen as the headquarters of the new administration because of its convenient location between the Brahmaputra and Surma Valley and more so because the climate of Shillong was much cooler than tropical India. The city, as the legend goes, has derived its name from Leishyllong, the Superpower or God, who is said to be dwelling on the Shillong Peak, 1965 metres above sea level, over-looking the city, the highest point of Meghalaya. [[en:Shillong]] 1307 10649 2006-06-21T07:58:26Z DaGizza 117 +cat '''जयपुर''' [[भारत]]स्‍य [[राजस्‍थान]] प्रान्‍तस्‍य राजधानी अस्‍ति. {{stub}} [[en:Jaipur]] [[Category:नागरानि]] 1308 9580 2005-09-24T21:00:06Z Jvano 93 interwiki '''मुम्‍बई''' [[भारत]]स्‍य [[महाराष्‍ट्र]] प्रान्‍तस्‍य राजधानी अस्‍ति. ==External links== *[http://www.mu.ac.in University of Mumbai] * [http://www.mcgm.gov.in/ Official site of the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai] *[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1093424.stm Report about Mumbai's population explosion] *[http://www.mid-day.com Mid Day Newspaper &mdash; latest Bombay news] *[http://www.metropla.net/as/mumb/mumbai.htm Metro] *[http://www.dte.org.in/ official site of Directorate of Technical Education Maharashtra] *[http://www.bombaybeats.fm/photos/photo-thumbnails.asp?albumid=12 Photographs] *[http://bombaycity.blogspot.com Bombay City Photo Blog] [[cs:Mumbai]] [[en:Mumbai]] 1309 12742 2006-12-16T18:02:56Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[bpy:গ্যাংটক]], [[fi:Gangtok]], [[ja:ガントク]] '''गंगटोक''' [[भारत]]स्‍य [[सिक्‍किम]] प्रान्‍तस्‍य राजधानी अस्‍ति. [[bn:গ্যাংটক]] [[bpy:গ্যাংটক]] [[da:Gangtok]] [[de:Gangtok]] [[en:Gangtok]] [[es:Gangtok]] [[fi:Gangtok]] [[fr:Gangtok]] [[hi:गंगटोक]] [[ja:ガントク]] [[ko:강토크]] [[pl:Gangtok]] [[ro:Gangtok]] [[simple:Gangtok]] [[sv:Gangtok]] [[ta:கேங்டாக்]] [[zh:甘托克]] 1310 6471 2004-10-06T21:11:55Z 130.39.222.122 '''पोर्ट ब्लेअर''' [[भारत]]स्‍य [[अंडमान]] व निकोबार प्रान्‍तस्‍य राजधानी अस्‍ति. [[en:Port Blair]] 1311 6472 2004-09-26T15:10:38Z 65.0.105.98 '''सिलवासा''' भारतस्‍य दमन प्रान्‍तस्‍य राजधानी अस्‍ति. 1312 6473 2004-10-06T21:13:05Z 130.39.222.122 '''दमन''' भारतस्‍य प्रान्‍त: अस्‍ति. Daman is on the western coast of India surrounded by Gujarat and north of Maharashtra. Daman lies on the river Daman-Ganga. Major industries have factories here. The closest railway station is Vapi (7 km). It is also famous for its beach, Portuguese architecture, and church. Also known for the scenic beauty in the twin cities of Nani-Daman and Moti-Daman. The chief occupation has been fishing. The nearest biggest City is Mumbai. Both Daman and Diu were under the rule of Portugal for over 450 years and were integrated in India in December 19,1961. Goa was also a part of the Portugal government in India and was also integrated on the same day. Portugal did not recognize Indian rule in these territories until 1974. [[en:Daman]] 1313 12704 2006-12-16T01:05:04Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: bpy, es, fi, it, lt, pl, sk, sl, ta, tr '''अमृतसर''' [[पंजाब]]देशाय प्रमुख नगरं अस्‍ति. अत्र सिखधर्मस्य हरि मन्दिर स्थापित: अस्‍ति. ==जालगवाक्ष:== *[http://www.amritsar.com/ Amritsar Portal] *[http://www.indiatouristoffice.org/North/amritsar.htm Tourist Office] *[http://www.amritsar.com/Amritsar%20City%20Map.shtml City Map] *[http://www.mypind.com/dtamrit.htm My Pind – District Map ] *[http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/pocketmaps/chandigarhamritsar.htm Route from Chandigarh to Amritsar] [[bpy:অমৃতসর]] [[de:Amritsar]] [[en:Amritsar]] [[es:Amritsar]] [[fi:Amritsar]] [[fr:Amritsar]] [[gl:Amritsar - ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤਸਰ]] [[he:אמריצר]] [[hi:अमृतसर]] [[it:Amritsar]] [[ja:アムリトサル]] [[lt:Amritsaras]] [[nl:Amritsar]] [[nn:Amritsar]] [[no:Amritsar]] [[pa:ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤਸਰ]] [[pl:Amritsar]] [[pt:Amritsar]] [[ro:Amritsar]] [[ru:Амритсар]] [[sk:Amritsar]] [[sl:Amritsar]] [[sv:Amritsar]] [[ta:அம்ரித்சர்]] [[tr:Amritsar]] [[uk:Амрітсар]] 1314 6475 2004-09-26T15:21:29Z 65.0.105.98 पंजाबदेशाय प्रमुख नगरं अस्‍ति. 1315 6476 2004-09-26T15:21:48Z 65.0.105.98 पंजाबदेशाय प्रमुख नगरं अस्‍ति. 1316 6477 2004-09-26T15:22:03Z 65.0.105.98 पंजाबदेशाय प्रमुख नगरं अस्‍ति. 1317 6478 2004-09-26T15:22:21Z 65.0.105.98 पंजाबदेशाय प्रमुख नगरं अस्‍ति. 1318 6479 2004-09-26T15:22:36Z 65.0.105.98 पंजाबदेशाय प्रमुख नगरं अस्‍ति. 1319 10955 2006-08-02T10:18:46Z DaGizza 117 expand '''लुधियाना''' [[भारत]] देशे [[पंजाब]] [[प्रान्त।प्रान्ते]] एकः नागरम् अस्ति । {{stub}} [[Category:नागरानि]] [[en:Ludhiana]] 1320 6481 2004-09-26T15:23:06Z 65.0.105.98 पंजाबदेशाय प्रमुख नगरं अस्‍ति. 1321 6482 2004-09-26T15:23:30Z 65.0.105.98 पंजाबदेशाय प्रमुख नगरं अस्‍ति. 1322 12849 2006-12-18T07:48:53Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[eo:Udaipur]] '''उदयपुरं''' राजस्‍थानप्रदेशाय प्रमुख नगरं अस्‍ति. इदं जलाशयानां सरोवराणां च नगरं अस्‍ति. *[http://www.cityresort.net/wel_udaipur.php जालगवाक्षं] [[de:Udaipur]] [[en:Udaipur, Rajasthan]] [[eo:Udaipur]] [[fr:Udaipur]] [[hi:उदयपुर]] [[nl:Udaipur]] [[pl:Udajpur]] [[ro:Udaipur]] [[sv:Udaipur]] 1323 6484 2004-09-26T15:28:43Z 65.0.105.98 राजस्‍थानप्रदेशाय प्रमुख नगरं अस्‍ति. 1324 6485 2004-09-26T15:29:06Z 65.0.105.98 राजस्‍थानप्रदेशाय प्रमुख नगरं अस्‍ति. 1325 11395 2006-10-20T00:13:53Z DaGizza 117 hi: राजस्‍थानप्रदेशाय प्रमुख नगरं अस्‍ति. {{stub}} [[hi:जोधपुर]] 1326 6487 2004-09-26T15:29:46Z 65.0.105.98 राजस्‍थानप्रदेशाय प्रमुख नगरं अस्‍ति. 1327 6488 2004-09-26T15:37:48Z 65.0.105.98 कश्‍मीरप्रदेशस्‍य प्रमुख नगरं अस्‍ति. 1328 6489 2004-09-26T15:38:50Z 65.0.105.98 कश्‍मीरप्रदेशस्‍य प्रमुख नगरं अस्‍ति. [[en:Baramulla]] 1329 6490 2004-09-26T15:39:46Z 65.0.105.98 कश्‍मीरप्रदेशस्‍य प्रमुख नगरं अस्‍ति. 1330 6491 2004-09-26T15:40:01Z 65.0.105.98 कश्‍मीरप्रदेशस्‍य प्रमुख नगरं अस्‍ति. 1331 12743 2006-12-16T18:34:56Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: de, en, es, fr, hi, ja, pt, ru, sv, ta, ur, zh '''चन्‍द्रगुप्‍त मौर्य''' (३२३-२९८ ई.पू) एक: महान सम्राट आसीत्‌. स: नन्‍दसम्राट: पराजित:. तस्‍य पुत्र सम्राट [[बिन्‍दुसार]]: आसीत्‌. तस्‍य मन्‍त्री [[चाणक्‍य]]: (कौटिल्‍य:) आसीत्‌. [[de:Chandragupta Maurya]] [[en:Chandragupta Maurya]] [[es:Chandragupta Maurya]] [[fr:Chandragupta Maurya]] [[hi:चन्द्रगुप्त]] [[ja:チャンドラグプタ]] [[pt:Chandragupta Máuria]] [[ru:Чандрагупта]] [[sv:Chandragupta Maurya]] [[ta:சந்திரகுப்த மௌரியர்]] [[ur:چندر گپت موریا]] [[zh:旃陀罗笈多 (孔雀王朝)]] 1332 11063 2006-08-17T21:18:10Z Escarbot 175 robot Adding: de, fr, ru, sv, zh {{notsanskrit}} '''मगध''' उत्तर भारते एकं राज्‍यं आसीत्‌। वंशावली There is little certain information available on the early rulers of Magadha. The most important sources are the Buddhist Chronicles of Sri Lanka, the Puranas, and various Buddhist and Jain holy texts. Based on these sources, it appears that Magadha was ruled by the Sisunaga dynasty for some 200 years, c. 550 - 350 B.C. A list of kings according to the Sri Lankan Chronicles follows: 1. Bimbisara (ruled for 52 years) 2. Ajatashatru (32 years; The Buddha is thought to have died in the 8th year of Ajatashatru's reign.) 3. Udayin or Udayibhadra (16 years) 4. Anuruddha (c. 4 years) 5. Munda (c. 4 years) 6. Nagadasaka (24 years) 7. Sisunaga (18 years) 8. Kalasoka (28 years) 9. Ten sons of Kalasoka, Nandivardhana being the most prominent (22 years) The Puranas give a rather different list with long reigns, making the Sisunaga dynasty 321 years long: 1. Sisunaga (ruled for 40 years) 2. Kakavarna (26 years) 3. Ksemadharman (36 years) 4. Ksemajit or Ksatraujas (24 years) 5. Bimbisara (28 years) 6. Ajatasatru (27 years) 7. Darsaka (24 years) 8. Udayin (33 years) 9. Nandivardhana (40 years) 10. Mahanandin (43 years) The Sisunaga dynasty was overthrown by Mahapadma, the first of the so-called nine Nandas (a.k.a. the Nanda or Navananda dynasty). He was followed by his eight sons. According to the Sri Lankan Chronicles, the Nanda dynasty was in power for mere 22 years, while the Puranas state that Mahapadma ruled for 28 years and his eight sons for only 12. The Nanda dynasty was eventually destroyed by Candragupta Maurya in c. 321 B.C., the first king of the great Mauryan Empire. *[[बिम्‍बिसार]] *[[अजातशत्रु]] *[[नन्‍दिवर्धन]] [[de:Magadha]] [[en:Magadha]] [[es:Magadha]] [[fr:Magadha]] [[ru:Магадха]] [[sv:Magadha]] [[zh:摩揭陀]] 1336 6497 2004-09-26T18:58:10Z Murtasa 17 बाल गङ्‍गाधर तिलक moved to बाल गङ्गाधर तिलक #REDIRECT [[बाल गङ्गाधर तिलक]] 1337 6498 2004-09-26T18:59:46Z Murtasa 17 आशुतोष मुखोपाध्‍याय moved to आशुतोष मुखोपाध्याय #REDIRECT [[आशुतोष मुखोपाध्याय]] 1338 6499 2004-09-26T19:02:38Z Murtasa 17 जालन्‍धर moved to जालन्धर #REDIRECT [[जालन्धर]] 1339 6500 2004-09-26T19:03:41Z Murtasa 17 जीन्‍द moved to जीन्द #REDIRECT [[जीन्द]] 1340 6501 2004-09-26T19:04:56Z Murtasa 17 अनन्‍तनाग moved to अनन्तनाग #REDIRECT [[अनन्तनाग]] 1341 6502 2004-09-26T19:06:04Z Murtasa 17 पाम्‍पोर moved to पाम्पोर #REDIRECT [[पाम्पोर]] 1342 6503 2004-09-26T19:07:50Z Murtasa 17 चन्‍द्रगुप्‍त मौर्य moved to चन्द्रगुप्त मौर्य #REDIRECT [[चन्द्रगुप्त मौर्य]] 1343 6504 2004-09-26T19:08:57Z Murtasa 17 बिम्‍बिसार moved to बिम्बिसार #REDIRECT [[बिम्बिसार]] 1344 6505 2004-09-26T19:10:30Z Murtasa 17 नन्‍दिवर्धन moved to नन्दिवर्धन #REDIRECT [[नन्दिवर्धन]] 1345 6506 2004-09-28T15:53:40Z 130.39.222.122 '''अलबामा''' [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] देशस्‍य प्रदेश: अस्‍ति. राजधानी - [[मांटगोमरी]] ===सम्‍बद्ध विषया:=== *[[बर्मिंगम]] *[[टस्‍कालूसा]] 1346 6507 2004-10-06T14:06:28Z 68.155.122.222 '''मिसिसिपी''' संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका देशस्‍य प्रदेश: अस्‍ति. राजधानी अन्‍य नगर जनसंख्‍या == External link == *http://www.state.ms.us [[en:Mississippi]] 1347 6508 2004-09-30T13:47:14Z 68.155.122.60 '''लुईजियाना''' संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका देशस्‍य प्रदेश: अस्‍ति. राजधानी - [[बेटन रूज]] ===अन्‍य नगर=== *[[न्‍यू आर्लीन्‍स]] *[[श्रीवपोर्ट]] जनसंख्‍या - ५ मिलियन [[en:Louisiana]] 1348 6509 2004-09-28T15:59:31Z 130.39.222.122 '''टेक्‍सास''' [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] देशस्‍य प्रदेश: अस्‍ति. अस्‍य राजधानी आस्‍टिन अस्‍ति. ===सम्‍बद्घ विषया:=== *[[आस्‍टिन]] *[[ह्यूस्‍टन]] *[[डालस]] *[[सान एन्‍टोनियो]] *[[लबक]] *[[गाल्‍वस्‍टन]] *[[कालेज स्‍टेशन]] 1349 12954 2006-12-18T22:47:52Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[frp:Oklahoma]] '''ओक्‍लाहोमा''' संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका देशस्‍य प्रदेश: अस्‍ति. राजधानी - [[ओक्‍लाहोमा सिटी]] अन्‍य नगर जनसंख्‍या {{stub}} [[af:Oklahoma]] [[ang:Oklahoma]] [[ar:أوكلاهوما]] [[ast:Oklahoma]] [[bg:Оклахома]] [[bn:ওক্‌লাহোমা]] [[br:Oklahoma]] [[bs:Oklahoma]] [[ca:Oklahoma]] [[cs:Oklahoma]] [[da:Oklahoma]] [[de:Oklahoma]] [[en:Oklahoma]] [[eo:Oklahomo]] [[es:Oklahoma]] [[et:Oklahoma]] [[eu:Oklahoma]] [[fi:Oklahoma]] [[fr:Oklahoma]] [[frp:Oklahoma]] [[ga:Oklahoma]] [[gd:Oklahoma]] [[gl:Oklahoma]] [[he:אוקלהומה]] [[hi:ओक्लाहोमा]] [[hr:Oklahoma]] [[hu:Oklahoma]] [[hy:Օկլահոմա]] [[id:Oklahoma]] [[io:Oklahoma]] [[is:Oklahoma]] [[it:Oklahoma]] [[ja:オクラホマ州]] [[ka:ოკლაჰომა]] [[ko:오클라호마 주]] [[ku:Oklahoma]] [[kw:Oklahoma]] [[lb:Oklahoma]] [[lt:Oklahoma]] [[lv:Oklahoma]] [[nl:Oklahoma]] [[nn:Oklahoma]] [[no:Oklahoma]] [[oc:Oklahoma]] [[os:Оклахомæ]] [[pl:Oklahoma]] [[pt:Oklahoma]] [[ro:Oklahoma (stat SUA)]] [[ru:Оклахома]] [[simple:Oklahoma]] [[sk:Oklahoma]] [[sl:Oklahoma]] [[sq:Oklahoma]] [[sr:Оклахома]] [[sv:Oklahoma]] [[ta:ஒக்லகோமா]] [[th:มลรัฐโอคลาโฮมา]] [[tr:Oklahoma]] [[uk:Оклахома]] [[vi:Oklahoma]] [[zh:奧克拉荷馬州]] 1350 12780 2006-12-17T18:19:58Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[frp:Arkansas]] '''आर्कन्‍सा''' संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका देशस्‍य प्रदेश: अस्‍ति. राजधानी - [[लिटल राक]] अन्‍य नगर जनसंख्‍या [[ang:Arkansas]] [[ar:أركنساس]] [[ast:Arkansas]] [[bg:Арканзас]] [[bn:আর্কান্‌স]] [[br:Arkansas]] [[bs:Arkansas]] [[ca:Arkansas]] [[co:Arkansas]] [[cs:Arkansas]] [[da:Arkansas]] [[de:Arkansas]] [[en:Arkansas]] [[eo:Arkansaso]] [[es:Arkansas]] [[et:Arkansas]] [[eu:Arkansas]] [[fa:آرکانزاس]] [[fi:Arkansas]] [[fr:Arkansas]] [[frp:Arkansas]] [[ga:Arkansas]] [[gd:Arkansas]] [[gl:Arcansas]] [[he:ארקנסו]] [[hr:Arkansas]] [[hu:Arkansas]] [[hy:Արկանզաս]] [[id:Arkansas]] [[io:Arkansas]] [[is:Arkansas]] [[it:Arkansas]] [[ja:アーカンソー州]] [[ka:არკანზასი]] [[ko:아칸소 주]] [[kw:Arkansas]] [[la:Arcansia]] [[lb:Arkansas]] [[lt:Arkanzasas]] [[lv:Ārkanzasa]] [[mk:Арканзас]] [[ms:Arkansas]] [[nl:Arkansas (staat)]] [[nn:Arkansas]] [[no:Arkansas]] [[oc:Arkansas]] [[os:Арканзас]] [[pl:Arkansas]] [[pt:Arkansas]] [[ro:Arkansas (stat SUA)]] [[ru:Арканзас]] [[simple:Arkansas]] [[sk:Arkansas]] [[sl:Arkansas]] [[sq:Arkansas]] [[sr:Арканзас]] [[sv:Arkansas]] [[ta:ஆர்கன்சஸ்]] [[th:มลรัฐอาร์คันซอ]] [[tr:Arkansas]] [[ug:ئاركانزاس شىتاتى]] [[uk:Арканзас]] [[vi:Arkansas]] [[zh:阿肯色州]] [[zh-min-nan:Arkansas]] 1351 6512 2004-10-06T14:08:07Z 68.155.122.222 '''फ्‍लोरिडा''' [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] देशस्‍य प्रदेश: अस्‍ति. ==सम्‍बद्ध विषया:== == External links == * http://www.state.fl.us [[en:Florida]] 1352 6513 2004-09-30T19:58:35Z 130.39.222.122 '''मेन (Maine)''' [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] देशस्‍य प्रदेश: अस्‍ति. राजधानी: [[आगस्‍टा]] ===अन्‍य नगर=== *[[पोर्टलैंड]] *[[बैंगर]] जनसंख्‍या ==सम्‍बद्ध विषया:== [[en:Maine]] 1353 13001 2006-12-19T02:42:16Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[frp:Vèrmont]] '''वर्मांट''' [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] देशस्‍य उत्तरपूर्वे प्रदेश: अस्‍ति. राजधानी - [[मोंटपेलियर]] अन्‍य नगर - बर्लिंगटन जनसंख्‍या - ७००,००० ==सम्‍बद्ध विषया:== == बाह्‌य == *[http://www.vermont.gov शासकीय जालपृष्‍ठ] [[af:Vermont]] [[bg:Върмънт]] [[bn:ভার্মন্ট]] [[br:Vermont]] [[bs:Vermont]] [[ca:Vermont]] [[cs:Vermont]] [[da:Vermont]] [[de:Vermont]] [[en:Vermont]] [[eo:Vermonto]] [[es:Vermont]] [[et:Vermont]] [[eu:Vermont]] [[fi:Vermont]] [[fr:Vermont]] [[frp:Vèrmont]] [[ga:Vermont]] [[gd:Vermont]] [[gl:Vermont]] [[he:ורמונט]] [[hi:वर्मांट]] [[hr:Vermont]] [[hu:Vermont]] [[hy:Վերմոնտ]] [[id:Vermont]] [[io:Vermont]] [[is:Vermont]] [[it:Vermont]] [[ja:バーモント州]] [[ka:ვერმონტი]] [[ko:버몬트 주]] [[kw:Vermont]] [[la:Mons Viridis]] [[lt:Vermontas]] [[lv:Vērmonta]] [[mk:Вермонт]] [[nds:Vermont]] [[nl:Vermont]] [[nn:Vermont]] [[no:Vermont]] [[oc:Vermont]] [[os:Вермонт]] [[pl:Vermont]] [[pt:Vermont]] [[ro:Vermont (stat SUA)]] [[ru:Вермонт]] [[sh:Vermont]] [[simple:Vermont]] [[sk:Vermont]] [[sl:Vermont]] [[sq:Vermont]] [[sr:Вермонт]] [[sv:Vermont]] [[ta:வேர்மொன்ற்]] [[th:มลรัฐเวอร์มอนต์]] [[tr:Vermont]] [[ug:ۋېرمونت]] [[uk:Вермонт]] [[vi:Vermont]] [[zh:佛蒙特州]] 1354 6515 2004-09-27T03:02:37Z 65.0.113.141 [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] देशस्‍य प्रदेश: अस्‍ति. ==सम्‍बद्ध विषया:== 1355 6516 2004-09-27T03:02:52Z 65.0.113.141 [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] देशस्‍य प्रदेश: अस्‍ति. ==सम्‍बद्ध विषया:== 1356 6517 2004-09-27T03:03:07Z 65.0.113.141 [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] देशस्‍य प्रदेश: अस्‍ति. ==सम्‍बद्ध विषया:== 1357 6518 2004-09-27T03:03:21Z 65.0.113.141 [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] देशस्‍य प्रदेश: अस्‍ति. ==सम्‍बद्ध विषया:== 1358 6519 2004-09-27T03:03:36Z 65.0.113.141 [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] देशस्‍य प्रदेश: अस्‍ति. ==सम्‍बद्ध विषया:== 1359 6520 2004-09-27T03:03:54Z 65.0.113.141 [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] देशस्‍य प्रदेश: अस्‍ति. ==सम्‍बद्ध विषया:== 1360 6521 2004-09-27T03:04:10Z 65.0.113.141 [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] देशस्‍य प्रदेश: अस्‍ति. ==सम्‍बद्ध विषया:== 1361 6522 2004-09-27T03:04:24Z 65.0.113.141 [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] देशस्‍य प्रदेश: अस्‍ति. ==सम्‍बद्ध विषया:== 1362 6523 2004-09-27T03:04:48Z 65.0.113.141 [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] देशस्‍य प्रदेश: अस्‍ति. ==सम्‍बद्ध विषया:== 1363 6524 2004-09-27T03:05:10Z 65.0.113.141 [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] देशस्‍य प्रदेश: अस्‍ति. ==सम्‍बद्ध विषया:== 1364 12997 2006-12-19T02:20:26Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[frp:Virginia]] [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] देशस्‍य प्रदेश: अस्‍ति. ==सम्‍बद्ध विषया:== [[ang:Virginia]] [[ar:فيرجينيا]] [[bg:Вирджиния]] [[bn:ভার্জিনিয়া]] [[br:Virginia]] [[bs:Virginia]] [[ca:Virgínia]] [[cs:Virginie]] [[da:Virginia]] [[de:Virginia]] [[en:Virginia]] [[eo:Virginio]] [[es:Virginia]] [[et:Virginia]] [[eu:Virginia]] [[fi:Virginia]] [[fr:Virginie]] [[frp:Virginia]] [[ga:Virginia]] [[gd:Virginia]] [[gl:Virxinia - Virginia]] [[he:וירג'יניה]] [[hr:Virginia]] [[hu:Virginia]] [[hy:Վերջինիա]] [[id:Virginia]] [[io:Virginia]] [[is:Virginía (fylki)]] [[it:Virginia]] [[ja:バージニア州]] [[ka:ვირჯინია]] [[ko:버지니아 주]] [[ks:वर्जिनिया]] [[kw:Virjynni]] [[la:Virginia]] [[lt:Virdžinija]] [[lv:Virdžīnija]] [[mk:Вирџинија (сојузна држава)]] [[ms:Virginia]] [[nds:Virginia]] [[nl:Virginia (staat)]] [[nn:Virginia]] [[no:Virginia]] [[oc:Virgínia]] [[os:Вирджини]] [[pl:Wirginia]] [[pt:Virgínia]] [[ro:Virginia (stat SUA)]] [[ru:Вирджиния]] [[sh:Virginia]] [[simple:Virginia]] [[sk:Virgínia]] [[sl:Virginija]] [[sq:Virginia]] [[sr:Вирџинија]] [[sv:Virginia]] [[ta:வேர்ஜினியா]] [[th:มลรัฐเวอร์จิเนีย]] [[tr:Virginia]] [[ug:ۋىرگىنىيە شىتاتى]] [[uk:Вірджинія]] [[vi:Virginia]] [[zh:弗吉尼亚州]] 1365 6526 2004-09-27T03:05:42Z 65.0.113.141 [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] देशस्‍य प्रदेश: अस्‍ति. ==सम्‍बद्ध विषया:== 1366 6527 2004-09-27T03:06:01Z 65.0.113.141 [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] देशस्‍य प्रदेश: अस्‍ति. ==सम्‍बद्ध विषया:== 1367 10527 2006-05-14T04:23:07Z DaGizza 117 stub '''जार्जिया''' एशिया महाद्वीपे देश: अस्‍ति. ==सम्‍बद्ध विषया:== [[en:Georgia]] [[ks:जार्जिया]] {{stub}} 1368 6529 2004-10-30T00:03:32Z 68.159.19.16 '''टेनेसी''' [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] देशस्‍य प्रदेश: अस्‍ति. राजधानी -- [[नाक्सविल]] ==सम्‍बद्ध विषया:== 1369 6530 2004-09-27T03:06:49Z 65.0.113.141 [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] देशस्‍य प्रदेश: अस्‍ति. ==सम्‍बद्ध विषया:== 1370 6531 2004-09-27T03:07:05Z 65.0.113.141 [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] देशस्‍य प्रदेश: अस्‍ति. ==सम्‍बद्ध विषया:== 1371 6532 2004-09-27T03:07:17Z 65.0.113.141 [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] देशस्‍य प्रदेश: अस्‍ति. ==सम्‍बद्ध विषया:== 1372 6533 2004-09-27T03:07:37Z 65.0.113.141 [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] देशस्‍य प्रदेश: अस्‍ति. ==सम्‍बद्ध विषया:== 1373 6534 2004-09-27T03:08:02Z 65.0.113.141 [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] देशस्‍य प्रदेश: अस्‍ति. ==सम्‍बद्ध विषया:== 1374 6535 2004-09-27T21:23:15Z 130.39.222.122 '''केलिफोर्निया''' [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] देशस्‍य प्रदेश: अस्‍ति. राजधानी - [[साक्रमेंटो]]. ==सम्‍बद्ध विषया:== *[[सिलिकान घाटी]] *[[हालीवुड]] *[[सान फ्रांसिस्‍को]] *[[लास एंजलस]] 1375 6536 2004-09-27T03:08:40Z 65.0.113.141 [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] देशस्‍य प्रदेश: अस्‍ति. ==सम्‍बद्ध विषया:== 1376 6537 2004-09-27T03:08:54Z 65.0.113.141 [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] देशस्‍य प्रदेश: अस्‍ति. ==सम्‍बद्ध विषया:== 1377 6538 2004-09-27T03:09:08Z 65.0.113.141 [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] देशस्‍य प्रदेश: अस्‍ति. ==सम्‍बद्ध विषया:== 1378 6539 2004-09-27T21:38:36Z 130.39.222.122 '''नार्थ डेकोटा''' [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] देशस्‍य प्रदेश: अस्‍ति. राजधानी - फार्गो ==सम्‍बद्ध विषया:== *[[बिस्‍मार्क नगर]] [[en:North Dakota]] 1379 6540 2004-09-27T03:09:36Z 65.0.113.141 [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] देशस्‍य प्रदेश: अस्‍ति. ==सम्‍बद्ध विषया:== 1380 12889 2006-12-18T19:19:29Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[frp:Iowa]] '''आयोवा''' [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] देशस्‍य प्रदेश: अस्‍ति. राजधानी - [[डि मौइन्‍स]] ==सम्‍बद्ध विषया:== *[[सू सिटी]] {{stub}} [[ang:Iowa]] [[ar:آيوا]] [[bg:Айова]] [[br:Iowa]] [[bs:Iowa]] [[ca:Estat d'Iowa]] [[cs:Iowa]] [[da:Iowa]] [[de:Iowa]] [[en:Iowa]] [[eo:Iovao]] [[es:Iowa]] [[et:Iowa]] [[eu:Iowa]] [[fa:آیووا]] [[fi:Iowa]] [[fr:Iowa]] [[frp:Iowa]] [[ga:Iowa]] [[gl:Iowa]] [[he:איווה]] [[hu:Iowa]] [[id:Iowa]] [[io:Iowa]] [[is:Iowa]] [[it:Iowa]] [[ja:アイオワ州]] [[ka:აიოვა]] [[ko:아이오와 주]] [[kw:Iowa]] [[la:Iova]] [[lt:Ajova]] [[lv:Aiova]] [[mk:Ајова]] [[nl:Iowa]] [[nn:Iowa]] [[no:Iowa]] [[oc:Iowa]] [[os:Айовæ]] [[pl:Iowa]] [[pt:Iowa]] [[ro:Iowa (stat SUA)]] [[ru:Айова]] [[simple:Iowa]] [[sk:Iowa]] [[sl:Iowa]] [[sq:Iowa]] [[sr:Ајова]] [[sv:Iowa]] [[ta:அயோவா]] [[th:มลรัฐไอโอวา]] [[tr:Iowa]] [[ug:ئايوۋا]] [[uk:Айова]] [[vi:Iowa]] [[zh:爱荷华州]] 1381 6542 2004-09-27T03:10:03Z 65.0.113.141 [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] देशस्‍य प्रदेश: अस्‍ति. ==सम्‍बद्ध विषया:== 1382 6543 2004-09-27T03:10:19Z 65.0.113.141 [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] देशस्‍य प्रदेश: अस्‍ति. ==सम्‍बद्ध विषया:== 1383 12819 2006-12-17T22:30:51Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[ta:வயோமிங்]] '''वायोमिंग''' [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] देशस्‍य प्रदेश: अस्‍ति. राजधानी - [[शेयेन]] ==सम्‍बद्ध विषया:== *[[:en:University of Wyoming]] [[ang:Wyoming]] [[ar:وايومنغ]] [[bg:Уайоминг]] [[bn:ওয়াইয়োমিং]] [[br:Wyoming]] [[bs:Wyoming]] [[ca:Wyoming]] [[cs:Wyoming]] [[da:Wyoming]] [[de:Wyoming]] [[en:Wyoming]] [[eo:Vajomingo]] [[es:Wyoming]] [[et:Wyoming]] [[eu:Wyoming]] [[fa:وایومینگ]] [[fi:Wyoming]] [[fr:Wyoming]] [[ga:Wyoming]] [[gd:Wyoming]] [[gl:Wyoming]] [[he:ויומינג]] [[hr:Wyoming]] [[hu:Wyoming]] [[hy:Վայոմինգ]] [[id:Wyoming]] [[io:Wyoming]] [[is:Wyoming]] [[it:Wyoming]] [[ja:ワイオミング州]] [[ka:ვაიომინგი]] [[ko:와이오밍 주]] [[ks:वायोमिंग]] [[ku:Wyoming]] [[kw:Wyoming]] [[la:Vyomina]] [[lb:Wyoming]] [[lt:Vajomingas]] [[lv:Vaiominga]] [[mk:Вајоминг]] [[nds:Wyoming]] [[nl:Wyoming]] [[nn:Wyoming]] [[no:Wyoming]] [[oc:Wyoming]] [[os:Вайоминг]] [[pl:Wyoming]] [[pt:Wyoming]] [[ro:Wyoming (stat SUA)]] [[ru:Вайоминг]] [[simple:Wyoming]] [[sk:Wyoming]] [[sl:Wyoming]] [[sq:Wyoming]] [[sr:Вајоминг]] [[sv:Wyoming]] [[ta:வயோமிங்]] [[th:มลรัฐไวโอมิง]] [[tr:Wyoming]] [[ug:ۋايومىڭ شىتاتى]] [[uk:Вайомінг]] [[vi:Wyoming]] [[zh:怀俄明州]] 1384 6545 2004-09-27T21:19:02Z 130.39.222.122 [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] देशस्‍य प्रदेश: अस्‍ति. राजधानी - [[होनोलूलू]] ==सम्‍बद्ध विषया:== *[[हूला नृत्‍य]] *[[हवाई भाषा]] *[[ओहाऊ]] *[[कवाई]] *[[मावी]] 1385 6546 2004-09-27T03:11:06Z 65.0.113.141 [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] देशस्‍य प्रदेश: अस्‍ति. ==सम्‍बद्ध विषया:== 1386 12781 2006-12-17T18:23:40Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[frp:Alaska]] '''अलास्‍का''' [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] देशस्‍य प्रदेश: अस्‍ति. महाद्वीपे उत्तर-पूर्वे स्‍थित:. राजधानी - [[जूनो]] ==सम्‍बद्ध विषया:== *[[एंकरेज]] *[[माउंट मेकिन्‍ली]] [[ang:Alaska]] [[ar:ألاسكا]] [[ast:Alaska]] [[bg:Аляска]] [[bn:আলাস্কা]] [[bs:Aljaska]] [[ca:Alaska]] [[co:Alaska]] [[cs:Aljaška]] [[cy:Alaska]] [[da:Alaska]] [[de:Alaska]] [[el:Αλάσκα]] [[en:Alaska]] [[eo:Alasko]] [[es:Alaska]] [[et:Alaska]] [[eu:Alaska]] [[fa:آلاسکا]] [[fi:Alaska]] [[fr:Alaska]] [[frp:Alaska]] [[ga:Alasca]] [[gl:Alasca - Alaska]] [[he:אלסקה]] [[hr:Aljaska]] [[hu:Alaszka]] [[hy:Ալյասկա]] [[id:Alaska]] [[ilo:Alaska]] [[io:Alaska]] [[is:Alaska]] [[it:Alaska]] [[iu:ᐊᓛᓯᑲ]] [[ja:アラスカ州]] [[ka:ალასკა (შტატი)]] [[ko:알래스카 주]] [[ks:अलास्‍का]] [[ku:Alaska]] [[kw:Alaska]] [[la:Alasca]] [[lt:Aliaska]] [[lv:Aļaska]] [[mk:Аљаска]] [[ml:അലാസ്ക]] [[ms:Alaska]] [[nds:Alaska]] [[nl:Alaska]] [[nn:Alaska]] [[no:Alaska]] [[oc:Alàska]] [[os:Аляскæ]] [[pam:Alaska]] [[pl:Alaska]] [[pt:Alasca]] [[ro:Alaska (stat SUA)]] [[ru:Аляска]] [[sh:Aljaska]] [[simple:Alaska]] [[sk:Aljaška]] [[sl:Aljaska]] [[sq:Alaska]] [[sr:Аљаска]] [[sv:Alaska]] [[ta:அலாஸ்கா]] [[th:มลรัฐอะแลสกา]] [[tr:Alaska]] [[ug:ئالياسكا شىتاتى]] [[uk:Аляска]] [[vi:Alaska]] [[zh:阿拉斯加州]] [[zh-min-nan:Alaska]] 1387 6548 2004-09-27T03:11:42Z 65.0.113.141 [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] देशस्‍य प्रदेश: अस्‍ति. ==सम्‍बद्ध विषया:== 1388 12931 2006-12-18T21:53:09Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[frp:Missouri (Ètat)]] '''मिसूरी''' [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] देशस्‍य प्रदेश: अस्‍ति. राजधानी - [[जेफरसन सिटी]] ==सम्‍बद्ध विषया:== *[[सेंट लुइस]] *[[केन्‍सस सिटी]] [[ar:ميزوري]] [[bg:Мисури (щат)]] [[br:Missouri (Stad)]] [[bs:Missouri]] [[ca:Missouri]] [[cs:Missouri]] [[da:Missouri]] [[de:Missouri]] [[en:Missouri]] [[eo:Misurio]] [[es:Misuri (estado)]] [[et:Missouri osariik]] [[eu:Misuri]] [[fi:Missouri]] [[fr:Missouri (État)]] [[frp:Missouri (Ètat)]] [[ga:Missouri]] [[gd:Missouri]] [[gl:Misuri]] [[he:מיזורי]] [[hr:Missouri]] [[hu:Missouri]] [[id:Missouri]] [[io:Missouri]] [[it:Missouri]] [[ja:ミズーリ州]] [[ka:მისური (შტატი)]] [[ko:미주리 주]] [[kw:Missouri]] [[mk:Мисури (сојузна држава)]] [[ms:Missouri]] [[nl:Missouri (staat)]] [[nn:Missouri]] [[no:Missouri]] [[oc:Missorí]] [[os:Миссури (штат)]] [[pl:Missouri (stan w USA)]] [[pt:Missouri]] [[ro:Missouri (stat SUA)]] [[ru:Миссури (штат)]] [[simple:Missouri]] [[sk:Missouri (štát USA)]] [[sq:Missouri]] [[sr:Мисури (држава)]] [[sv:Missouri]] [[ta:மிசூரி]] [[th:มลรัฐมิสซูรี]] [[tr:Missouri]] [[ug:مىسسۇرى]] [[uk:Міссурі (штат)]] [[vi:Missouri]] [[zh:密蘇里州]] 1389 6550 2004-09-27T21:59:58Z 130.39.222.122 '''न्‍यू जर्सी''' [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] देशस्‍य प्रदेश: अस्‍ति. राजधानी - [[ट्रेंटन]] ==सम्‍बद्ध विषया:== *[[नुवर्क]] *[[प्रिन्‍सटन]] [[en:New Jersey]] 1390 6551 2004-09-27T21:31:06Z 130.39.222.122 '''न्‍यू यार्क''' [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] देशस्‍य प्रदेश: अस्‍ति. राजधानी - [[आल्‍बनी]] ==सम्‍बद्ध विषया:== *[[न्‍यू यार्क नगर]] *[[नायग्रा फाल्‍स]] *[[बफलो]] 1391 12893 2006-12-18T19:58:17Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[frp:Kansas]] '''केन्‍सास''' [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] देशस्‍य प्रदेश: अस्‍ति. राजधानी - [[टोपीका]] ==सम्‍बद्ध विषया:== *[[विचिटा]] [[af:Kansas]] [[ang:Kansas]] [[ar:كانزاس]] [[bg:Канзас]] [[bn:ক্যানসাস]] [[br:Kansas]] [[bs:Kansas]] [[ca:Kansas]] [[cs:Kansas]] [[da:Kansas]] [[de:Kansas]] [[en:Kansas]] [[eo:Kansaso]] [[es:Kansas]] [[et:Kansas]] [[eu:Kansas]] [[fi:Kansas]] [[fr:Kansas]] [[frp:Kansas]] [[ga:Kansas]] [[gl:Kansas]] [[he:קנזס]] [[hr:Kansas]] [[hu:Kansas]] [[hy:Կանզաս]] [[id:Kansas]] [[io:Kansas]] [[is:Kansas]] [[it:Kansas]] [[ja:カンザス州]] [[ka:კანზასი]] [[ko:캔자스 주]] [[ks:केन्‍सास]] [[kw:Kansas]] [[la:Kansia]] [[lt:Kanzasas]] [[lv:Kanzasa]] [[mk:Канзас]] [[ms:Kansas]] [[nl:Kansas (staat)]] [[nn:Kansas]] [[no:Kansas]] [[oc:Kansas]] [[os:Канзас]] [[pl:Kansas]] [[pt:Kansas]] [[ro:Kansas (stat SUA)]] [[ru:Канзас]] [[sh:Kanzas]] [[simple:Kansas]] [[sk:Kansas]] [[sl:Kansas]] [[sq:Kansas]] [[sr:Канзас]] [[sv:Kansas]] [[ta:கன்சாஸ்]] [[th:มลรัฐแคนซัส]] [[tr:Kansas]] [[ug:كانزاس]] [[uk:Канзас]] [[vi:Kansas]] [[zh:堪薩斯州]] 1392 12961 2006-12-18T22:56:24Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[frp:Nebraska]] '''नेब्रास्‍का''' [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] देशस्‍य प्रदेश: अस्‍ति. राजधानी - [[लिंकन]] ==सम्‍बद्ध विषया:== *[[ओमाहा]] [[ar:نبراسكا]] [[ast:Nebraska]] [[bg:Небраска]] [[bn:নেব্রাস্কা]] [[br:Nebraska]] [[bs:Nebraska]] [[ca:Nebraska]] [[co:Nebraska]] [[cs:Nebraska]] [[da:Nebraska]] [[de:Nebraska]] [[en:Nebraska]] [[eo:Nebrasko]] [[es:Nebraska]] [[et:Nebraska]] [[eu:Nebraska]] [[fa:نبراسکا]] [[fi:Nebraska]] [[fr:Nebraska]] [[frp:Nebraska]] [[ga:Nebraska]] [[gd:Nebraska]] [[gl:Nebrasca]] [[he:נברסקה]] [[hr:Nebraska]] [[ht:Nebraska]] [[hu:Nebraska]] [[hy:Նեբրասկա]] [[id:Nebraska]] [[io:Nebraska]] [[is:Nebraska]] [[it:Nebraska]] [[ja:ネブラスカ州]] [[ka:ნებრასკა]] [[ko:네브래스카 주]] [[kw:Nebraska]] [[la:Nebrasca]] [[lt:Nebraska]] [[lv:Nebraska]] [[mk:Небраска]] [[ms:Nebraska]] [[nl:Nebraska]] [[nn:Nebraska]] [[no:Nebraska]] [[oc:Nebraska]] [[os:Небраскæ]] [[pl:Nebraska]] [[pt:Nebraska]] [[ro:Nebraska (stat SUA)]] [[ru:Небраска]] [[scn:Nebraska]] [[simple:Nebraska]] [[sk:Nebraska]] [[sl:Nebraska]] [[sq:Nebraska]] [[sr:Небраска]] [[sv:Nebraska]] [[ta:நெப்ரஸ்கா]] [[th:มลรัฐเนแบรสกา]] [[tr:Nebraska]] [[ug:نېبراسكا شىتاتى]] [[uk:Небраска]] [[vi:Nebraska]] [[zh:內布拉斯加州]] 1393 12996 2006-12-19T02:19:45Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[frp:Virginia du Ponant]] '''वेस्‍ट वर्जिनिया''' [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] देशस्‍य प्रदेश: अस्‍ति. राजधानी - [[चार्ल्सटन]] ==सम्‍बद्ध विषया:== *[[मार्गनटौन]] [[als:West Virginia]] [[ar:فرجينيا الغربية]] [[bg:Западна Вирджиния]] [[bn:ওয়েস্ট ভার্জিনিয়া]] [[br:West Virginia]] [[bs:West Virginia]] [[ca:Virgínia de l'Oest]] [[cs:Západní Virginie]] [[da:West Virginia]] [[de:West Virginia]] [[en:West Virginia]] [[eo:Okcidenta Virginio]] [[es:Virginia Occidental]] [[et:Lääne-Virginia]] [[eu:Mendebaldeko Virginia]] [[fi:Länsi-Virginia]] [[fr:Virginie-Occidentale]] [[frp:Virginia du Ponant]] [[ga:Virginia Thiar]] [[he:מערב וירג'יניה]] [[hr:Zapadna Virginia]] [[hu:Nyugat-Virginia]] [[hy:Արևմտյան Վիրջինիա]] [[id:West Virginia]] [[io:Westa-Virginia]] [[is:Vestur-Virginía]] [[it:Virginia Occidentale]] [[ja:ウェストバージニア州]] [[ka:დასავლეთი ვირჯინია]] [[ko:웨스트버지니아 주]] [[ks:वेस्‍ट वर्जिनिया]] [[kw:Vyrjynia West]] [[la:Virginia Occidentalis]] [[lt:Vakarų Virdžinija]] [[lv:Rietumvirdžīnija]] [[mk:Западна Вирџинија]] [[nl:West Virginia]] [[nn:Vest-Virginia]] [[no:Vest-Virginia]] [[oc:Virgínia Occidentala]] [[os:Ныгуылæн Вирджини]] [[pdc:Wescht Wirschini]] [[pl:Wirginia Zachodnia]] [[pt:Virgínia Ocidental]] [[ro:West Virginia (stat SUA)]] [[ru:Западная Вирджиния]] [[simple:West Virginia]] [[sk:Západná Virgínia]] [[sl:Zahodna Virginija]] [[sq:West Virginia]] [[sr:Западна Вирџинија]] [[sv:West Virginia]] [[ta:மேற்கு வேர்ஜினியா]] [[th:มลรัฐเวสต์เวอร์จิเนีย]] [[ug:جەنۇبىي ۋىرگىنىيە شىتاتى]] [[uk:Західна Вірджинія]] [[vi:West Virginia]] [[zh:西維吉尼亞州]] 1394 6555 2004-09-27T21:27:48Z 130.39.222.122 '''यूटाह''' [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] देशस्‍य प्रदेश: अस्‍ति. राजधानी - [[साल्‍ट लेक सिटी]] ==सम्‍बद्ध विषया:== *[[मार्मन आगम]] 1395 12758 2006-12-17T11:46:10Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[ta:சுப்பிரமணிய பாரதி]] Modifying: [[en:Subramanya Bharathi]] '''सुब्रह्मण्य भारती''' (१८८२-१९२१) [[भारत]]स्य एक: महाकवि: आसीत्. तस्य जन्म [[तमिल-नाडु]] प्रदेशे एट्टयपुरम् नामके नगरे अभूत्. स: एक: पत्रकार: च अस्ति. स: ब्रिटेन-शासन विरोधं अकरोत्. [[en:Subramanya Bharathi]] [[ta:சுப்பிரமணிய பாரதி]] 1396 13018 2006-12-20T02:35:47Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[bpy:অযোধ্যা]] '''अयोध्या''' नगरं गोमति-तीरे स्थित:. इदं [[रामजन्मभूमि]] मन्यते. {{stub}} [[bpy:অযোধ্যা]] [[de:Ayodhya]] [[en:Ayodhya]] [[fr:Ayodhya]] [[hi:अयोध्या]] [[kn:ಅಯೋಧ್ಯೆ]] [[mr:अयोध्या]] [[pt:Ayodhya]] [[simple:Ayodhya]] [[sv:Ayodhya]] [[ta:அயோத்தி]] [[zh:阿约提亚]] 1398 10466 2006-05-13T06:22:07Z DaGizza 117 not sanskrit {{notsanskrit}} '''देवनागरी''' एक लिपि है जिसमें कुछ [[भारत|भारतीय]] [[भाषा|भाषायें]] जैसे कि [[संस्कृत]], [[हिन्दी]], [[मराठी]] तथा [[नेपाली]] भाषा लिखी जाती है । देवनागरी में १२ [[स्वर]] और ३४ [[व्यंजन]] हैं । शून्य या एक या अधिक व्यन्जनों और एक स्वर के मेल से एक [[अक्षर]] बनता है । <table><tr><td> <table border="1"> <caption>&#2342;&#2375;&#2357;&#2344;&#2366;&#2327;&#2352;&#2368; &#2360;&#2381;&#2357;&#2352;</caption> <tr><th>Vowel</th><th>ITRANSliteration</th><th>Pronunciation/Note</th></tr> <tr><td align="center">&#2309;</td><td align="center">a</td><td>'a' as in ''a''bout</td></tr> <tr><td align="center">&#2310;</td><td align="center">aa</td><td>'a' as in ''a''rt</td></tr> <tr><td align="center">&#2311;</td><td align="center">i</td><td>'i' as in p''i''t</td></tr> <tr><td align="center">&#2312;</td><td align="center">ii</td><td>'ee' as in wh''ee''l</td></tr> <tr><td align="center">&#2313;</td><td align="center">u</td><td>'u' as in p''u''t</td></tr> <tr><td align="center">&#2314;</td><td align="center">uu</td><td>'oo' as in s''oo''t</td></tr> <tr><td align="center">&#2315;</td><td align="center">RRi</td><td></td></tr> <tr><td align="center">&#2400;</td><td align="center">RRI</td><td></td></tr> <tr><td align="center">&#2316;</td><td align="center">LLi</td><td></td></tr> <tr><td align="center">&#2401;</td><td align="center">LLI</td><td></td></tr> <tr><td align="center">&#2319;</td><td align="center">e</td><td>'a' as in r''a''te</td></tr> <tr><td align="center">&#2320;</td><td align="center">ai</td><td></td></tr> <tr><td align="center">&#2323;</td><td align="center">o</td><td></td></tr> <tr><td align="center">&#2324;</td><td align="center">au</td><td></td></tr> <tr><td align="center">&nbsp;&#2307;</td><td align="center">aH</td><td>visarga</td></tr> <tr><td align="center">&nbsp;&#2381;</td><td align="center">halant</td><td>suppresses inherent vowel</td> <tr><td align="center">&nbsp;&#2384;</td><td align="center">om</td><td>amen</td> </table> </td><td valign=top> </td></tr></table> &#2332;&#2348; &#2325;&#2367;&#2360;&#2368; &#2360;&#2381;&#2357;&#2352; &#2346;&#2381;&#2352;&#2351;&#2379;&#2327; &#2344;&#2361;&#2368;&#2306; &#2361;&#2379;, &#2340;&#2379; &#2357;&#2361;&#2366;&#2305; &#2346;&#2352; '&#2309;' &#2350;&#2366;&#2344;&#2366; &#2332;&#2366;&#2340;&#2366; &#2361;&#2376; &#2404; &#2360;&#2381;&#2357;&#2352; &#2325;&#2375; &#2344; &#2361;&#2379;&#2344;&#2375; &#2325;&#2379; &#2361;&#2354;&#2344;&#2381;&#2340;&#2381;&#8204; &#2309;&#2341;&#2357;&#2366; [[&#2357;&#2367;&#2352;&#2366;&#2350;]] &#2360;&#2375; &#2342;&#2352;&#2381;&#2358;&#2366;&#2351;&#2366; &#2332;&#2366;&#2340;&#2366; &#2361;&#2376; &#2404; &#2332;&#2376;&#2360;&#2375; &#2325;&#2367; &#2325;&#2381;&#8204; &#2326;&#2381;&#8204; &#2327;&#2381;&#8204; &#2328;&#2381;&#8204; &#2404; <table border="1"> <caption>&#2342;&#2375;&#2357;&#2344;&#2366;&#2327;&#2352;&#2368; &#2357;&#2381;&#2351;&#2306;&#2332;&#2344;</caption> <table border="1"> <caption>देवनागरी व्यंजन </caption> <tr> <td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr align="center"><td width="50%">&#2325;</td><td>k</td></tr></table></td> <td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr align="center"><td width="50%">&#2326;</td><td>kh</td></tr></table></td> <td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr align="center"><td width="50%">&#2327;</td><td>g</td></tr></table></td> <td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr align="center"><td width="50%">&#2328;</td><td>gh</td></tr></table></td> <td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr align="center"><td width="50%">&#2329;</td><td>ng</td></tr></table></td> </tr> <tr> <td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr align="center"><td width="50%">&#2330;</td><td>ch</td></tr></table></td> <td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr align="center"><td width="50%">&#2331;</td><td>chh</td></tr></table></td> <td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr align="center"><td width="50%">&#2332;</td><td>j</td></tr></table></td> <td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr align="center"><td width="50%">&#2333;</td><td>jh</td></tr></table></td> <td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr align="center"><td width="50%">&#2334;</td><td>gn</td></tr></table></td> </tr> <tr> <td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr align="center"><td width="50%">&#2335;</td><td>T</td></tr></table></td> <td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr align="center"><td width="50%">&#2336;</td><td>Th</td></tr></table></td> <td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr align="center"><td width="50%">&#2337;</td><td>D</td></tr></table></td> <td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr align="center"><td width="50%">&#2338;</td><td>Dh</td></tr></table></td> <td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr align="center"><td width="50%">&#2339;</td><td>N</td></tr></table></td> </tr> <tr> <td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr align="center"><td width="50%">&#2340;</td><td>t</td></tr></table></td> <td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr align="center"><td width="50%">&#2341;</td><td>th</td></tr></table></td> <td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr align="center"><td width="50%">&#2342;</td><td>d</td></tr></table></td> <td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr align="center"><td width="50%">&#2343;</td><td>dh</td></tr></table></td> <td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr align="center"><td width="50%">&#2344;</td><td>n</td></tr></table></td> </tr> <tr> <td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr align="center"><td width="50%">&#2346;</td><td>p</td></tr></table></td> <td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr align="center"><td width="50%">&#2347;</td><td>ph</td></tr></table></td> <td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr align="center"><td width="50%">&#2348;</td><td>b</td></tr></table></td> <td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr align="center"><td width="50%">&#2349;</td><td>bh</td></tr></table></td> <td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr align="center"><td width="50%">&#2350;</td><td>m</td></tr></table></td> </tr> <tr> <td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr align="center"><td width="50%">&#2351;</td><td>y</td></tr></table></td> <td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr align="center"><td width="50%">&#2352;</td><td>r</td></tr></table></td> <td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr align="center"><td width="50%">&#2354;</td><td>l</td></tr></table></td> <td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr align="center"><td width="50%">&#2357;</td><td>v/w</td></tr></table></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr align="center"><td width="50%">श</td><td>sh</td></tr></table></td> <td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr align="center"><td width="50%">ष</td><td>shh</td></tr></table></td> <td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr align="center"><td width="50%">स</td><td>s</td></tr></table></td> <td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr align="center"><td width="50%">ह</td><td>h</td></tr></table></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr align="center"><td width="50%">&#2355;</td><td>L</td></tr></table></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr align=center> </tr> <tr> <td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr align="center"><td width="50%"></td>क्ष<td>ksh</td></tr></table></td> <td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr align="center"><td width="50%"></td>त्र<td>tr</td></tr></table></td> <td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr align="center"><td width="50%"></td>ज्ञ<td>gy/dny</td></tr></table></td> <td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr align="center"><td width="50%"></td>श्र<td>shr</td></tr></table></td> <td></td> </tr> </table> निम्नलिखित वर्णों को छोड़ कर सभी उपरलिखित वर्ण अंग्रेज़ी की भाँति बोले जाते हैँ । <table border="1"> <tr><th>व्यंजन </th><th>Pronunciation</th></tr> <tr><td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr align="center"><td width="50%">&#2339;</td><td>N</td></tr></table></td><td>'n' with the tongue bent back</td></tr> <tr><td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr align="center"><td width="50%">&#2340;</td><td>t</td></tr></table></td><td>'th' as in ''th''in, but it's a stop</td></tr> <tr><td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr align="center"><td width="50%">&#2341;</td><td>th</td></tr></table></td><td>aspirated version of 't'</td></tr> <tr><td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr align="center"><td width="50%">&#2342;</td><td>d</td></tr></table></td><td>'th' as in ''th''e, but it's a stop</td></tr> <tr><td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr align="center"><td width="50%">&#2343;</td><td>dh</td></tr></table></td><td>aspirated version of above</td></tr> <tr><td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr align="center"><td width="50%">&#2355;</td><td>L</td></tr></table></td><td>'l' with the tongue bent back</td></tr> </table> देवनागरी में [[अंक]] निम्न रूप में लिखे जाते हैं । : <table border="1"> <caption>गिनती </caption> <tr> <td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr align="center"><td width="50%">&#2406;</td><td> 0</td></tr></table></td> <td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr align="center"><td width="50%">&#2407;</td><td> 1</td></tr></table></td> <td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr align="center"><td width="50%">&#2408;</td><td> 2</td></tr></table></td> <td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr align="center"><td width="50%">&#2409;</td><td> 3</td></tr></table></td> <td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr align="center"><td width="50%">&#2410;</td><td> 4</td></tr></table></td> <td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr align="center"><td width="50%">&#2411;</td><td> 5</td></tr></table></td> <td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr align="center"><td width="50%">&#2412;</td><td> 6</td></tr></table></td> <td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr align="center"><td width="50%">&#2413;</td><td> 7</td></tr></table></td> <td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr align="center"><td width="50%">&#2414;</td><td> 8</td></tr></table></td> <td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr align="center"><td width="50%">&#2415;</td><td> 9</td></tr></table></td> </tr> </table> The [[ITRANS notation]] [http://www.aczone.com/itrans/#itransencoding] is a lossless transliteration scheme of Devanagari into English. The letters used to represent Devanagari alphabets in this notation have approximately the same pronunciation in English. It is widely used on [[Usenet]]. In ITRANS, the word Devanagari is written as "devanaagarii". == बाहरी कड़ियाँ == * http://www.ancientscripts.com/devanagari.html * http://www.anu.edu.au/asianstudies/hindi/alphabet/ [[bg:Деванагари]] [[br:Devanagari]] [[ca:Devanagari]] [[cs:Devanágarí]] [[de:Devanagari]] [[en:Devanāgarī]] [[eo:Nagario]] [[es:Devanagari]] [[fi:Devanagari]] [[fr:Devanāgarī]] [[gl:Devanāgarī]] [[hi:देवनागरी]] [[id:Aksara Devanagari]] [[it:Devanagari]] [[ja:デーヴァナーガリー]] [[ko:데바나가리 문자]] [[ks:देवनागरी]] [[lt:Devanagari raštas]] [[mr:देवनागरी]] [[nl:Devanagari]] [[nn:Devanagari]] [[no:Devanagari]] [[pl:Pismo dewanagari]] [[pt:Devanagari]] [[ru:Деванагари]] [[sv:Devanagari]] [[ta:தேவநாகரி]] [[zh:天城文]] 1401 13005 2006-12-19T02:59:11Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[frp:Èritrê]] '''एरिट्रिया''' अफ्रीका-महाद्वीपे देश: अस्‍ति. संबद्घ विषया: == External links == *[http://dehai.org Dehai] - DEHAI-Eritrea OnLine *[http://www.shaebia.org/artman/publish/index.html Shaebia] - Official site of the PFDJ *[http://www.ertra.com Ertra.com] - Eritrean portal [[af:Eritrea]] [[am:ኤርትራ]] [[an:Eritrea]] [[ang:Eritrea]] [[ar:إريتريا]] [[ast:Eritrea]] [[be:Эрытрэя]] [[bg:Еритрея]] [[bn:ইরিত্রিয়া]] [[bs:Eritreja]] [[ca:Eritrea]] [[cs:Eritrea]] [[da:Eritrea]] [[de:Eritrea]] [[el:Ερυθραία]] [[en:Eritrea]] [[eo:Eritreo]] [[es:Eritrea]] [[et:Eritrea]] [[eu:Eritrea]] [[fa:اریتره]] [[fi:Eritrea]] [[fr:Érythrée]] [[frp:Èritrê]] [[ga:An Eiritré]] [[gd:Eritrea]] [[gl:Eritrea - ኤርትራ]] [[he:אריתריאה]] [[hr:Eritreja]] [[ht:Eritre]] [[hu:Eritrea]] [[ia:Eritrea]] [[id:Eritrea]] [[ilo:Eritrea]] [[io:Eritrea]] [[is:Erítrea]] [[it:Eritrea]] [[ja:エリトリア]] [[ka:ერიტრეა]] [[ko:에리트레아]] [[ku:Erîtrêya]] [[kw:Eritrea]] [[la:Erythraea]] [[li:Eritrea]] [[lt:Eritrėja]] [[lv:Eritreja]] [[mk:Еритреја]] [[ms:Eritrea]] [[na:Eritrea]] [[nds:Eritrea]] [[nl:Eritrea]] [[nn:Eritrea]] [[no:Eritrea]] [[nov:Eritrea]] [[oc:Eritrèa]] [[pam:Eritrea]] [[pl:Erytrea]] [[ps:اېرېتېريا]] [[pt:Eritreia]] [[ro:Eritreea]] [[ru:Эритрея]] [[sh:Eritreja]] [[simple:Eritrea]] [[sk:Eritrea]] [[sl:Eritreja]] [[sq:Eritrea]] [[sr:Еритреја]] [[sv:Eritrea]] [[sw:Eritrea]] [[tg:Эритрея]] [[ti:ኤርትራ]] [[tl:Eritrea]] [[tr:Eritre]] [[ug:ئېرىترىيە]] [[uk:Еритрея]] [[ur:اریٹیریا]] [[vi:Eritrea]] [[zh:厄立特里亚]] [[zh-min-nan:Eritrea]] 1402 6561 2004-09-28T23:35:50Z 65.0.125.231 अफ्रीका-महाद्वीपे देश: अस्‍ति. *[[संबद्घ विषया:]] 1403 12655 2006-12-13T19:49:56Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: am, an, ast, bg, bs, eu, fa, ka, kw, la, li, pam, ps, simple, tg, tl, ug, vi, vo, wo Modifying: ar, sq, uk, yi '''गाबोन''' अफ्रीका-महाद्वीपे देश: अस्‍ति. *संबद्घ विषया: == External links == *[http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/gb.html Gabon] - [[CIA World Factbook]] [[af:Gaboen]] [[am:ጋቦን]] [[an:Gabón]] [[ar:الغابون]] [[ast:Gabón]] [[bg:Габон]] [[bn:গ্যাবন]] [[bs:Gabon]] [[ca:Gabon]] [[cs:Gabon]] [[cy:Gabon]] [[da:Gabon]] [[de:Gabun]] [[en:Gabon]] [[eo:Gabono]] [[es:Gabón]] [[et:Gabon]] [[eu:Gabon]] [[fa:گابن]] [[fi:Gabon]] [[fr:Gabon]] [[gl:Gabón - Gabon]] [[he:גבון]] [[hr:Gabon]] [[hu:Gabon]] [[id:Gabon]] [[io:Gabon]] [[is:Gabon]] [[it:Gabon]] [[ja:ガボン]] [[ka:გაბონი]] [[ko:가봉]] [[kw:Gabon]] [[la:Gabonia]] [[li:Gabon]] [[lt:Gabonas]] [[lv:Gabona]] [[ms:Gabon]] [[nds:Gabun]] [[nl:Gabon]] [[nn:Gabon]] [[no:Gabon]] [[oc:Gabon]] [[pam:Gabon]] [[pl:Gabon]] [[ps:ګابون]] [[pt:Gabão]] [[ro:Gabon]] [[ru:Габон]] [[simple:Gabon]] [[sk:Gabon]] [[sl:Gabon]] [[sq:Gabonia]] [[sr:Габон]] [[sv:Gabon]] [[tg:Габон]] [[th:ประเทศกาบอง]] [[tl:Gabon]] [[tpi:Gabon]] [[tr:Gabon]] [[ug:گابون]] [[uk:Ґабон]] [[vi:Gabon]] [[vo:Gabunän]] [[wo:Gaboŋ]] [[yi:גאבאן]] [[zh:加蓬]] [[zh-min-nan:Gabon]] 1404 6563 2004-10-03T14:28:41Z 65.0.107.166 '''गाम्बिया''' अफ्रीका-महाद्वीपे देश: अस्‍ति. The Republic of The Gambia is a nation of western Africa, entirely surrounded by Senegal, except for a short coastline which is the outlet of the Gambia River to the North Atlantic Ocean. A former British colony, it became independent in 1965. The capital is Banjul. संबद्घ विषया: [[en:Gambia]] 1405 9757 2005-11-15T06:22:17Z 24.251.68.75 {{notsanskrit}} '''गिनी''' अफ्रीका-महाद्वीपे देश: अस्‍ति. Independent from France since 1958, Guinea did not hold democratic elections until 1993 when Gen. Lansana Conté (head of the military government) was elected president in disputed balloting. Security clampdowns continue, although not as severe as in earlier decades. Reelected in 1998, the President faced growing criticism in 1999 for his jailing of a major opposition leader and widespread economic malaise. Unrest in Sierra Leone also continued to threaten Guinea's stability. संबद्घ विषया: [[en:Guinea]] 1406 6565 2004-09-28T23:37:22Z 65.0.125.231 अफ्रीका-महाद्वीपे देश: अस्‍ति. *[[संबद्घ विषया:]] 1407 6566 2004-10-03T15:18:41Z 65.0.107.166 '''चाड''' अफ्रीका-महाद्वीपे देश: अस्‍ति. संबद्घ विषया: == External links == *[http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/cd.html CIA World Factbook page on Chad] [[en:Chad]] [[ks:चाड]] 1408 6567 2004-10-03T16:17:18Z 65.0.107.166 '''जिबूटी''' अफ्रीका-महाद्वीपे देश: अस्‍ति. *संबद्घ विषया: == External links == * [http://www.djibnet.com Most popular Djibouti community site (in French)] * [http://www.republique-djibouti.com Official Website (in French)] *[http://www.travelconsumer.com/countries/djibouti.htm Travel guide to Djibouti] *[http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/dj.html CIA - The World Factbook: Djibouti] [[en:Djibouti]] [[ks:जिबूटी]] 1409 10322 2006-03-27T16:43:53Z 128.59.252.158 '''जाम्बिया''' अफ्रीका-महाद्वीपे देश: अस्‍ति. *संबद्घ विषया: 1410 13002 2006-12-19T02:44:00Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[frp:Zimbaboue]] '''जिम्बाबवे''' अफ्रीका-महाद्वीपे देश: अस्‍ति. *संबद्घ विषया: == External links == * [http://www.sadc-fanr.org.zw/sadcbase.htm SADC Database] - Database on Food & Agriculture in [[Southern African Development Community|SADC]] Countries * [http://www.rsf.fr/article.php3?id_article=1814&var_recherche=zimbabwe RSF report on Zimbabwe from 2002] * [http://www.world-atlas.net/Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Facts] * [http://www.amnesty.ca/zimbabwe/ Amnesty International (Zimbabwe)] * [http://www.hrforumzim.com/ Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum] * [http://www.zimbabwe.8m.com/ ZIMBABWE Information and Links] [[af:Zimbabwe]] [[am:ዚምባብዌ]] [[an:Zimbabue]] [[ar:زمبابوي]] [[az:Zimbabve]] [[bg:Зимбабве]] [[bn:জিম্বাবুয়ে]] [[bs:Zimbabve]] [[ca:Zimbabwe]] [[cs:Zimbabwe]] [[cy:Zimbabwe]] [[da:Zimbabwe]] [[de:Simbabwe]] [[el:Ζιμπάμπουε]] [[en:Zimbabwe]] [[eo:Zimbabvo]] [[es:Zimbabwe]] [[et:Zimbabwe]] [[eu:Zimbawe]] [[fa:زیمبابوه]] [[fi:Zimbabwe]] [[fr:Zimbabwe]] [[frp:Zimbaboue]] [[ga:An tSiombáib]] [[gd:Zimbabwe]] [[gl:Cimbabue - Zimbabwe]] [[he:זימבבואה]] [[hi:ज़िम्बाबवे]] [[hr:Zimbabve]] [[hu:Zimbabwe]] [[id:Zimbabwe]] [[io:Zimbabwe]] [[is:Simbabve]] [[it:Zimbabwe]] [[ja:ジンバブエ]] [[ka:ზიმბაბვე]] [[ko:짐바브웨]] [[ks:जिम्बाबवे]] [[kw:Simbabwe]] [[la:Zimbabuia]] [[lt:Zimbabvė]] [[lv:Zimbabve]] [[mk:Зимбабве]] [[ms:Zimbabwe]] [[nds:Simbabwe]] [[nl:Zimbabwe]] [[nn:Zimbabwe]] [[no:Zimbabwe]] [[oc:Zimbabwe]] [[pam:Zimbabwe]] [[pl:Zimbabwe]] [[ps:زېمبابوې]] [[pt:Zimbabwe]] [[ro:Zimbabwe]] [[ru:Зимбабве]] [[scn:Zimbabbui]] [[sh:Zimbabve]] [[simple:Zimbabwe]] [[sk:Zimbabwe]] [[sl:Zimbabve]] [[sq:Zimbabveja]] [[sr:Зимбабве]] [[sv:Zimbabwe]] [[sw:Zimbabwe]] [[ta:சிம்பாப்வே]] [[tg:Зимбабве]] [[th:ประเทศซิมบับเว]] [[tl:Zimbabwe]] [[tr:Zimbabve]] [[ug:زىمبابى]] [[uk:Зімбабве]] [[zh:辛巴威]] [[zh-min-nan:Zimbabwe]] 1411 12994 2006-12-19T02:11:52Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[frp:Tanzanie]] '''टंजानिया''' अफ्रीका-महाद्वीपे देश: अस्‍ति. The United Republic of Tanzania (Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania in Swahili) is a country on the east coast of central Africa. It is bordered by Kenya and Uganda on the north, Rwanda, Burundi and the Democratic Republic of the Congo on the west, and Zambia, Malawi and Mozambique on the south. To the east it borders the Indian Ocean. Tanzania has two capital cities, Dar es Salaam and Dodoma. The government moved some government offices to Dodoma from Dar es Salaam during the 1970s. ===संबद्घ विषया:=== [[af:Tanzanië]] [[am:ታንዛኒያ]] [[an:Tanzania]] [[ar:تنزانيا]] [[ast:República Xunida de Tanzania]] [[az:Tanzaniya]] [[bg:Танзания]] [[br:Tanzania]] [[bs:Tanzanija]] [[ca:Tanzània]] [[cs:Tanzanie]] [[cy:Tanzania]] [[da:Tanzania]] [[de:Tansania]] [[el:Τανζανία]] [[en:Tanzania]] [[eo:Tanzanio]] [[es:Tanzania]] [[et:Tansaania]] [[eu:Tanzania]] [[fa:تانزانیا]] [[fi:Tansania]] [[fr:Tanzanie]] [[frp:Tanzanie]] [[gd:Tanzania]] [[gl:Tanzania]] [[he:טנזניה]] [[hi:तंस़ानिया]] [[hr:Tanzanija]] [[ht:Tanzani]] [[hu:Tanzánia]] [[id:Tanzania]] [[ilo:Tanzania]] [[io:Tanzania]] [[is:Tansanía]] [[it:Tanzania]] [[ja:タンザニア]] [[ka:ტანზანია]] [[ko:탄자니아]] [[ks:टंजानिया]] [[kw:Tansania]] [[la:Tanzania]] [[lt:Tanzanija]] [[lv:Tanzānija]] [[mk:Танзанија]] [[mr:टांझानिया]] [[ms:Tanzania]] [[nds:Tansania]] [[nl:Tanzania]] [[nn:Tanzania]] [[no:Tanzania]] [[oc:Tanzania]] [[pam:Tanzania]] [[pl:Tanzania]] [[ps:تانزانيه]] [[pt:Tanzânia]] [[rm:Tansania]] [[ro:Tanzania]] [[ru:Танзания]] [[sh:Tanzanija]] [[simple:Tanzania]] [[sk:Tanzánia]] [[sl:Tanzanija]] [[sq:Tanzania]] [[sr:Танзанија]] [[sv:Tanzania]] [[sw:Tanzania]] [[tg:Танзания]] [[th:ประเทศแทนซาเนีย]] [[tl:Tanzania]] [[ug:تانزانىيە]] [[uk:Танзанія]] [[vi:Tanzania]] [[zh:坦桑尼亚]] [[zh-min-nan:Tanzania]] 1412 11035 2006-08-15T08:33:07Z Escarbot 175 robot Adding: an, ang, ga, hi, kw, mk, oc, pam, scn, sh, ug, wa Modifying: bs, gl, sq '''टुनिशिया''' अफ्रीका-महाद्वीपे देश: अस्‍ति. Tunisia was the site of Carthage, a state conquered by the Roman Empire, which withdrew in the 5th century. It was conquered by Arab Muslims in the 7th century, and later became part of the Ottoman Empire. In the 19th century it remained officially Ottoman but increasingly independent. It was made a French protectorate in 1881. It achieved independence in 1956, and has had two presidents since. ===संबद्घ विषया:=== [[af:Tunisië]] [[an:Tunizia]] [[ang:Tunisia]] [[ar:تونس]] [[bg:Тунис]] [[bs:Republika Tunis]] [[ca:Tunísia]] [[cs:Tunisko]] [[da:Tunesien]] [[de:Tunesien]] [[el:Τυνησία]] [[en:Tunisia]] [[eo:Tunizio]] [[es:Túnez]] [[et:Tuneesia]] [[eu:Tunisia]] [[fa:تونس]] [[fi:Tunisia]] [[fr:Tunisie]] [[ga:An Túinéis]] [[gl:Tunisia - تونس]] [[haw:Tunisia]] [[he:תוניסיה]] [[hi:टुनिशिया]] [[hr:Tunis]] [[hu:Tunézia]] [[id:Tunisia]] [[io:Tunizia]] [[is:Túnis]] [[it:Tunisia]] [[ja:チュニジア]] [[ka:ტუნისი]] [[ko:튀니지]] [[ks:टुनिशिया]] [[kw:Tunisi]] [[la:Tunesia]] [[lt:Tunisas]] [[lv:Tunisija]] [[mk:Тунис]] [[ms:Tunisia]] [[nds:Tunesien]] [[nl:Tunesië]] [[nn:Tunisia]] [[no:Tunisia]] [[oc:Tunisia]] [[pam:Tunisia]] [[pl:Tunezja]] [[pt:Tunísia]] [[rm:Tunesia]] [[ro:Tunisia]] [[ru:Тунис]] [[scn:Tunisìa]] [[sh:Tunis]] [[simple:Tunisia]] [[sk:Tunisko]] [[sl:Tunizija]] [[sq:Tunizia]] [[sr:Тунис]] [[sv:Tunisien]] [[th:ประเทศตูนิเซีย]] [[tl:Tunisia]] [[ug:تۇنىزىيە]] [[uk:Туніс]] [[wa:Tunizeye]] [[zh:突尼西亞]] [[zh-min-nan:Tunisia]] 1413 12159 2006-12-01T13:34:33Z Escarbot 175 robot Adding: ilo, ksh, ps, tg '''मडगास्कर''' अफ्रीका-महाद्वीपे दक्षिणे-पूर्वे देश: अस्‍ति. राजधानी - [[अन्‍तननरिवो]] ===संबद्घ विषया:=== [[af:Madagaskar]] [[am:ማዳጋስካር]] [[an:Madagascar]] [[ar:مدغشقر]] [[bg:Мадагаскар]] [[br:Madagaskar]] [[bs:Madagaskar]] [[ca:Madagascar]] [[cs:Madagaskar]] [[da:Madagaskar]] [[de:Madagaskar]] [[el:Μαδαγασκάρη]] [[en:Madagascar]] [[eo:Madagaskaro]] [[es:Madagascar]] [[et:Madagaskar]] [[eu:Madagaskar]] [[fa:ماداگاسکار]] [[fi:Madagaskar]] [[fr:Madagascar]] [[gd:Madagascar]] [[gl:Madagascar]] [[he:מדגסקר]] [[hr:Madagaskar]] [[hu:Madagaszkár]] [[id:Madagaskar]] [[ilo:Madagascar]] [[io:Madagaskar]] [[is:Madagaskar]] [[it:Madagascar]] [[ja:マダガスカル]] [[ka:მადაგასკარი]] [[ko:마다가스카르]] [[ks:मडगास्कर]] [[ksh:Maddajaßka]] [[ku:Madagaskar]] [[kw:Madagaskar]] [[la:Madagascaria]] [[lt:Madagaskaras]] [[lv:Madagaskara]] [[mg:Madagasikara]] [[mk:Мадагаскар]] [[ms:Madagascar]] [[nds:Madagaskar]] [[nl:Madagaskar]] [[nn:Madagaskar]] [[no:Madagaskar]] [[oc:Madagascar]] [[pam:Madagascar]] [[pl:Madagaskar]] [[ps:مادغاسکر]] [[pt:Madagáscar]] [[ro:Madagascar]] [[ru:Республика Мадагаскар]] [[sh:Madagaskar]] [[simple:Madagascar]] [[sk:Madagaskar]] [[sl:Madagaskar]] [[sq:Madegaskari]] [[sr:Мадагаскар]] [[sv:Madagaskar]] [[sw:Madagaska]] [[ta:மடகாஸ்கர்]] [[tg:Мадагаскар]] [[tl:Madagascar]] [[tr:Madagaskar (Ada)]] [[ug:ماداگاسكار]] [[uk:Мадаґаскар]] [[vi:Madagascar]] [[zh:马达加斯加]] [[zh-min-nan:Madagasikara]] 1414 12933 2006-12-18T22:05:39Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[frp:Malavi]] '''मलावी''' अफ्रीका-महाद्वीपे दक्षिणे देश: अस्‍ति. It is bordered by Tanzania, Zambia, and Mozambique. ===संबद्घ विषया:=== [[af:Malawi]] [[am:ማላዊ]] [[an:Malaui]] [[ar:ملاوي]] [[bg:Малави]] [[bs:Malavi]] [[ca:Malawi]] [[cs:Malawi]] [[da:Malawi]] [[de:Malawi]] [[en:Malawi]] [[eo:Malavio]] [[es:Malawi]] [[et:Malawi]] [[eu:Malawi]] [[fa:مالاوی]] [[fi:Malawi]] [[fr:Malawi]] [[frp:Malavi]] [[ga:An Mhaláiv]] [[gl:Malaui - Malawi]] [[he:מלאווי]] [[hr:Malavi]] [[hu:Malawi]] [[id:Malawi]] [[io:Malawi]] [[is:Malaví]] [[it:Malawi]] [[ja:マラウイ]] [[ka:მალავი]] [[ko:말라위]] [[ks:मलावी]] [[ku:Malavî]] [[kw:Malawi]] [[li:Malawi]] [[lt:Malavis]] [[lv:Malāvija]] [[mk:Малави]] [[ms:Malawi]] [[nds:Malawi]] [[nl:Malawi]] [[nn:Malawi]] [[no:Malawi]] [[ny:Malaŵi]] [[oc:Malawi]] [[pam:Malawi]] [[pl:Malawi]] [[pt:Malawi]] [[ro:Malawi]] [[ru:Малави]] [[sh:Malavi]] [[simple:Malawi]] [[sk:Malawi (štát)]] [[sl:Malavi]] [[sq:Malevia]] [[sr:Малави]] [[sv:Malawi]] [[sw:Malawi]] [[ta:மலாவி]] [[tg:Малави]] [[tl:Malawi]] [[tr:Malavi]] [[tum:Malawi]] [[ug:مالاۋى]] [[uk:Малаві]] [[vi:Malawi]] [[vo:Malaviyän]] [[zh:马拉维]] [[zh-min-nan:Malaŵi]] 1415 12935 2006-12-18T22:06:58Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[frp:Mali]] '''माली''' अफ्रीका-महाद्वीपे पश्‍चिमे देश: अस्‍ति. ===संबद्घ विषया:=== == External links == *[http://www.numismondo.com/pm/mli/ Mali Banknotes] *[http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ml.html CIA Factbook on Mali] [[af:Mali]] [[am:ማሊ]] [[an:Mali]] [[ar:مالي]] [[bg:Мали]] [[bm:Mali]] [[bn:মালি]] [[bs:Mali]] [[ca:Mali]] [[cs:Mali]] [[cy:Mali]] [[da:Mali]] [[de:Mali]] [[el:Μάλι]] [[en:Mali]] [[eo:Malio]] [[es:Malí]] [[et:Mali]] [[eu:Mali]] [[fa:مالی]] [[ff:Maali]] [[fi:Mali]] [[fr:Mali]] [[frp:Mali]] [[ga:Mailí]] [[gl:Malí - Mali]] [[he:מאלי]] [[hr:Mali]] [[hu:Mali]] [[hy:Մալի]] [[id:Mali]] [[ilo:Mali]] [[io:Mali]] [[is:Malí]] [[it:Mali]] [[ja:マリ共和国]] [[ka:მალი]] [[ko:말리]] [[ks:Mālī]] [[kw:Mali]] [[li:Mali]] [[lt:Malis]] [[lv:Mali]] [[mk:Мали]] [[ms:Mali]] [[nds:Mali]] [[nl:Mali]] [[nn:Mali]] [[no:Mali]] [[oc:Mali]] [[pam:Mali]] [[pl:Mali]] [[pt:Mali]] [[ro:Mali]] [[ru:Мали]] [[sh:Mali]] [[simple:Mali]] [[sk:Mali]] [[sl:Mali]] [[sq:Mali]] [[sr:Мали]] [[sv:Mali]] [[sw:Mali]] [[tg:Малӣ]] [[th:ประเทศมาลี]] [[tk:Mali]] [[tl:Mali]] [[tr:Mali]] [[uk:Малі]] [[vi:Mali]] [[zh:马里共和国]] [[zh-min-nan:Mali]] 1416 6575 2004-10-04T21:42:47Z 130.39.222.122 '''मारिटेनिया''' अफ्रीका-महाद्वीपे उत्तरपश्‍चिमे देश: अस्‍ति. الجمهورية الإسلامية الموريتانية Al-Jumhuriyah al-Islamiyah al-Muritaniyah République Islamique de Mauritanie ===संबद्घ विषया:=== [[en:Mauritania]] [[ks:मारिटेनिया]] 1417 13057 2006-12-20T16:40:55Z Thijs!bot 230 robot Adding: [[bo:མའེ་ལོ་ཀོ]] '''मोराको''' अफ्रीका-महाद्वीपे उत्तरे देश: अस्‍ति. राजधानी - [[रबात]] ===संबद्घ विषया:=== ==External links== * [http://www.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/africa/morocco/ A travel guide to Morocco] from Lonely Planet * [http://lexicorient.com/morocco/index.htm Lexicorient] a very complete guide to Morocco * [http://www.world-gazetteer.com/s/p_ma.htm a map of Moroccan cities] * [http://www.terremaroc.com/language/gb/index.html/ a travel guide to Morocco] * [http://www.terremaroc.com find a riad or Villa in marrakech, essaouira, fes] * [http://www.tamanpilah.com/luxury-hotel-in-bali-01-01.html Luxury Villas] * [http://www.mincom.gov.ma/english/gallery/music/music.html Traditional Moroccan music from] Morocco's Ministry of Communication [[af:Marokko]] [[am:ሞሮኮ]] [[an:Marruecos]] [[ang:Morocco]] [[ar:المغرب]] [[ast:Marruecos]] [[bat-smg:Maroks]] [[bg:Мароко]] [[bn:মরোক্কো]] [[bo:མའེ་ལོ་ཀོ]] [[bs:Maroko]] [[ca:Marroc]] [[cs:Maroko]] [[cy:Moroco]] [[da:Marokko]] [[de:Marokko]] [[el:Μαρόκο]] [[en:Morocco]] [[eo:Maroko]] [[es:Marruecos]] [[et:Maroko]] [[eu:Maroko]] [[fa:مراکش]] [[fi:Marokko]] [[fr:Maroc]] [[frp:Maroc]] [[fy:Marokko]] [[gd:Maroc]] [[gl:Marrocos - المغرب]] [[gv:Yn Varoc]] [[he:מרוקו]] [[hr:Maroko]] [[hu:Marokkó]] [[id:Maroko]] [[ilo:Morocco]] [[io:Maroko]] [[is:Marokkó]] [[it:Marocco]] [[ja:モロッコ]] [[ka:მაროკო]] [[ko:모로코]] [[ks:मोराको]] [[ku:Fas]] [[kw:Marokk]] [[la:Marocum]] [[lb:Marokko]] [[li:Marokko]] [[lt:Marokas]] [[lv:Maroka]] [[mk:Мароко]] [[ms:Maghribi]] [[nds:Marokko]] [[nl:Marokko]] [[nn:Marokko]] [[no:Marokko]] [[oc:Marròc]] [[pam:Morocco]] [[pl:Maroko]] [[pt:Marrocos]] [[ro:Maroc]] [[ru:Марокко]] [[scn:Maroccu]] [[sh:Maroko]] [[simple:Morocco]] [[sk:Maroko]] [[sl:Maroko]] [[sq:Maroku]] [[sr:Мароко]] [[sv:Marocko]] [[sw:Moroko]] [[tg:Марокаш]] [[th:ประเทศโมร็อกโก]] [[tl:Morocco]] [[tr:Fas]] [[ug:ماراكەش]] [[uk:Марокко]] [[vi:Maroc]] [[wa:Marok]] [[zh:摩洛哥]] [[zh-min-nan:Morocco]] 1418 12945 2006-12-18T22:27:57Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[frp:Mozambique]] '''मोजम्बीक''' अफ्रीका-महाद्वीपे दक्षिणे-पूर्वे देश: अस्‍ति. राजधानी - [[मेपूटो]] ===संबद्घ विषया:=== == External link == * [http://www.sortmoz.com/aimnews/ The Mozambique News Agency] [[af:Mosambiek]] [[am:ሞዛምቢክ]] [[an:Mozambique]] [[ang:Mosambice]] [[ar:موزمبيق]] [[ast:Mozambique]] [[bg:Мозамбик]] [[bn:মোজাম্বিক]] [[bs:Mozambik]] [[ca:Moçambic]] [[cs:Mosambik]] [[da:Mozambique]] [[de:Mosambik]] [[el:Μοζαμβίκη]] [[en:Mozambique]] [[eo:Mozambiko]] [[es:Mozambique]] [[et:Mosambiik]] [[eu:Mozambike]] [[fa:موزامبیک]] [[fi:Mosambik]] [[fr:Mozambique]] [[frp:Mozambique]] [[gd:Mozambique]] [[gl:Mozambique - Moçambique]] [[he:מוזמביק]] [[hi:मोस़ाम्बीक]] [[hr:Mozambik]] [[hu:Mozambik]] [[ia:Mozambique]] [[id:Mozambik]] [[ilo:Mosambike]] [[io:Mozambik]] [[is:Mósambík]] [[it:Mozambico]] [[ja:モザンビーク]] [[ka:მოზამბიკი]] [[ko:모잠비크]] [[ks:मोजम्बीक]] [[ku:Mozambîk]] [[kw:Mosambik]] [[la:Mozambicum]] [[lt:Mozambikas]] [[lv:Mozambika]] [[mk:Мозамбик]] [[ms:Mozambique]] [[nds:Mosambik]] [[nl:Mozambique]] [[nn:Mosambik]] [[no:Mosambik]] [[oc:Moçambic]] [[os:Мозамбик]] [[pam:Mozambique]] [[pl:Mozambik]] [[pt:Moçambique]] [[ro:Mozambic]] [[ru:Мозамбик]] [[sh:Mozambik]] [[simple:Mozambique]] [[sk:Mozambik]] [[sl:Mozambik]] [[sq:Mozambiku]] [[sr:Мозамбик]] [[sv:Moçambique]] [[sw:Msumbiji]] [[tet:Mosambike]] [[tg:Мозамбик]] [[th:ประเทศโมซัมบิก]] [[tl:Mozambique]] [[tr:Mozambik]] [[ug:موزامبىك]] [[uk:Мозамбік]] [[vi:Mozambique]] [[zh:莫桑比克]] [[zh-min-nan:Moçambique]] 1419 6578 2004-10-05T22:05:48Z 130.39.222.122 '''लेसोथो''' अफ्रीका-महाद्वीपे दक्षिणे देश: अस्‍ति. जनसंख्‍या -२.२ मिलियन. ===संबद्घ विषया:=== [[en:Lesotho]] 1420 12917 2006-12-18T21:03:55Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[frp:Libèria]] '''लायबीरिया''' अफ्रीका-महाद्वीपे देश: अस्‍ति. ===संबद्घ विषया:=== == External links == * [http://www.qsl.net/yb0rmi/liberia.htm Investigative Report: Liberian Situation and Star Radio: Bureaucratization of Clandestine Radio] * [http://www.worldpress.org/Africa/685.cfm World Press Review: War in Liberia Threatens to Destabilize Region] * [http://HavenWorks.com/world/liberia Liberia News] * [http://zeal.com/category/preview.jhtml?cid=559929 Over 300 categorized and profiled websites about Liberia on Zeal] * [http://www.LiberiaSeaBreeze.com Sea Breeze: An online journal of literary works by contemporary Liberian writers] [[af:Liberië]] [[am:ላይቤሪያ]] [[an:Liberia]] [[ar:ليبيريا]] [[bg:Либерия]] [[bs:Liberija]] [[ca:Libèria]] [[cs:Libérie]] [[da:Liberia]] [[de:Liberia]] [[el:Λιβερία]] [[en:Liberia]] [[eo:Liberio]] [[es:Liberia]] [[et:Libeeria]] [[eu:Liberia]] [[fa:لیبریا]] [[fi:Liberia]] [[fr:Libéria]] [[frp:Libèria]] [[gd:Liberia]] [[gl:Liberia]] [[he:ליבריה]] [[hr:Liberija]] [[hu:Libéria]] [[id:Liberia]] [[ilo:Liberia]] [[io:Liberia]] [[is:Líbería]] [[it:Liberia]] [[ja:リベリア]] [[ka:ლიბერია]] [[ko:라이베리아]] [[ku:Lîberya]] [[kw:Liberi]] [[la:Liberia]] [[li:Liberia]] [[lt:Liberija]] [[lv:Libērija]] [[mk:Либерија]] [[ms:Liberia]] [[nds:Liberia]] [[nl:Liberia]] [[nn:Liberia]] [[no:Liberia]] [[oc:Libèria]] [[pam:Liberia]] [[pl:Liberia]] [[pt:Libéria]] [[rm:Liberia]] [[ro:Liberia]] [[ru:Либерия]] [[se:Liberia]] [[sh:Liberija]] [[simple:Liberia]] [[sk:Libéria]] [[sl:Liberija]] [[sq:Liberia]] [[sr:Либерија]] [[sv:Liberia]] [[sw:Liberia]] [[tg:Либерия]] [[tl:Liberia]] [[tr:Liberya]] [[ug:لىبېرىيە]] [[uk:Ліберія]] [[vi:Liberia]] [[vo:Liberän]] [[zh:利比里亚]] [[zh-min-nan:Liberia]] [[zh-yue:利比利亞]] 1421 12916 2006-12-18T20:59:15Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[frp:Libie]] Modifying: [[arc:ܠܘܒܐ]] '''लिबिया''' الجماهيرية العربية الليبية الشعبية الإشتراكية العظمى al-Jamāhīrīyah al-‘Arabīya al-Lībīyah ash-Sha‘bīyah al-Ishtirākīyah al-Uzma अफ्रीका-महाद्वीपे उत्तरे देश: अस्‍ति. राजधानी - त्रिपली ===संबद्घ विषया:=== [[af:Libië]] [[am:ሊቢያ]] [[an:Libia]] [[ang:Libia]] [[ar:ليبيا]] [[arc:ܠܘܒܐ]] [[ast:Libia]] [[bg:Либия]] [[bn:লিবিয়া]] [[br:Libia]] [[bs:Libija]] [[ca:Líbia]] [[cs:Libye]] [[da:Libyen]] [[de:Libyen]] [[el:Λιβύη]] [[en:Libya]] [[eo:Libio]] [[es:Libia]] [[et:Liibüa]] [[eu:Libia]] [[fa:لیبی]] [[fi:Libya]] [[fr:Libye]] [[frp:Libie]] [[ga:An Libia]] [[gd:Libia]] [[gl:Libia - ليبيا]] [[he:לוב]] [[hi:लीबिया]] [[hr:Libija]] [[hu:Líbia]] [[id:Libya]] [[ilo:Libya]] [[io:Libia]] [[is:Líbýa]] [[it:Libia]] [[ja:リビア]] [[ka:ლიბია]] [[ko:리비아]] [[ku:Lîbya]] [[kw:Libi]] [[la:Libya]] [[lt:Libija]] [[lv:Lībija]] [[mk:Либија]] [[ms:Libya]] [[nds:Libyen]] [[nl:Libië]] [[nn:Libya]] [[no:Libya]] [[oc:Libia]] [[pl:Libia]] [[pt:Líbia]] [[ro:Libia]] [[ru:Ливия]] [[scn:Libbia]] [[sh:Libija]] [[simple:Libya]] [[sk:Líbya]] [[sl:Libija]] [[sq:Libia]] [[sr:Либија]] [[sv:Libyen]] [[sw:Libya]] [[tg:Либия]] [[th:ประเทศลิเบีย]] [[tl:Libya]] [[tr:Libya]] [[ug:لىۋىيە]] [[uk:Лівія]] [[vi:Libya]] [[zh:利比亚]] [[zh-min-nan:Libya]] 1422 6581 2004-10-05T22:41:44Z 130.39.222.122 '''सेनेगल (République du Sénégal)''' अफ्रीका-महाद्वीपे पश्‍चिमे एक: देश: अस्‍ति. राजधानी - [[डाकार]] ===संबद्घ विषया:=== [[en:Senegal]] 1423 12990 2006-12-19T01:34:54Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[frp:Somalie]] '''सोमालिया (الصومال As-Sumal Soomaaliya )''' अफ्रीका-महाद्वीपे पूर्वे देश: अस्‍ति. ===संबद्घ विषया:=== == External links == *[http://www.unsomalia.net/ unsomalia.net] - United Nations in Somalia. *[http://www.unsomalia.net/media/2002/stories/20021014_2.asp Historical Timeline at unsomalia.net] *[http://www.unsomalia.net/media/photogallery.htm Photo Gallery at unsomalia.net] [[af:Somalië]] [[am:ሶማሊያ]] [[an:Somalia]] [[ar:الصومال]] [[bg:Сомалия]] [[bn:সোমালিয়া]] [[bs:Somalija]] [[ca:Somàlia]] [[cs:Somálsko]] [[da:Somalia]] [[de:Somalia]] [[el:Σομαλία]] [[en:Somalia]] [[eo:Somalio]] [[es:Somalia]] [[et:Somaalia]] [[eu:Somalia]] [[fa:سومالی]] [[fi:Somalia]] [[fr:Somalie]] [[frp:Somalie]] [[gd:Somalia]] [[gl:Somalia - Soomaaliya]] [[he:סומליה]] [[hi:सोमालिया]] [[hr:Somalija]] [[hu:Szomália]] [[id:Somalia]] [[ilo:Somalia]] [[io:Somalia]] [[is:Sómalía]] [[it:Somalia]] [[ja:ソマリア]] [[ka:სომალი]] [[ko:소말리아]] [[ku:Somaliya]] [[kw:Somali]] [[la:Somalia]] [[lij:Somalia]] [[lt:Somalis]] [[lv:Somālija]] [[mk:Сомалија]] [[ms:Somalia]] [[nds:Somalia]] [[nl:Somalië]] [[nn:Somalia]] [[no:Somalia]] [[oc:Somalia]] [[pam:Somalia]] [[pl:Somalia]] [[pt:Somália]] [[rm:Somalia]] [[ro:Somalia]] [[ru:Сомали]] [[sh:Somalija]] [[simple:Somalia]] [[sk:Somálsko]] [[sl:Somalija]] [[so:Soomaaliya]] [[sq:Somalia]] [[sr:Сомалија]] [[sv:Somalia]] [[sw:Somalia]] [[tg:Сумолӣ]] [[th:ประเทศโซมาเลีย]] [[tl:Somalia]] [[tr:Somali]] [[ug:سومالى]] [[uk:Сомалі]] [[vi:Somalia]] [[zh:索马里]] [[zh-min-nan:Somalia]] 1424 12989 2006-12-19T01:33:41Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: an, ar, ca, cs, es, eu, fi, frp, hu, id, is, ko, ms, no, pt, ro, ru, simple, so, th, tl, tr '''सोमालिलैंड''' अफ्रीका-महाद्वीपे देश: अस्‍ति. ===संबद्घ विषया:=== ==External links== * [http://www.somalilandgov.com/ Somaliland official website] [[an:Somalilandia]] [[ar:جمهورية أرض الصومال]] [[ca:Somalilàndia]] [[cs:Somaliland]] [[da:Somaliland]] [[de:Somaliland]] [[en:Somaliland]] [[es:Somalilandia]] [[et:Somaalimaa]] [[eu:Somalilandia]] [[fi:Somalimaa]] [[fr:Somaliland]] [[frp:Somalilande]] [[hu:Szomáliföld]] [[id:Somaliland]] [[is:Sómalíland]] [[it:Somaliland]] [[ja:ソマリランド]] [[ko:소말릴란드]] [[lt:Somalilandas]] [[ms:Somaliland]] [[nl:Somaliland]] [[no:Somaliland]] [[pl:Somaliland]] [[pt:Somalilândia]] [[ro:Somaliland]] [[ru:Сомалиленд]] [[simple:Somaliland]] [[so:Somaliland]] [[sv:Somaliland]] [[th:ประเทศโซมาลิแลนด์]] [[tl:Somaliland]] [[tr:Somaliland]] [[zh:索马里兰]] 1425 6584 2004-09-28T23:47:50Z 65.0.125.231 अफ्रीका-महाद्वीपे देश: अस्‍ति. ===संबद्घ विषया:=== 1426 12991 2006-12-19T01:36:54Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[frp:Souazilande]] '''स्वाजीलैंड''' अफ्रीका-महाद्वीपे दक्षिणे देश: अस्‍ति. ===संबद्घ विषया:=== == External links == * [http://www.swazi.com/government/ Official Government Website] * [http://www.mintour.gov.sz/ Ministry of Tourism Official Website] {{stub}} [[af:Swaziland]] [[am:ስዋዚላንድ]] [[an:Suazilandia]] [[ang:Swasiland]] [[ar:سوازيلند]] [[bg:Свазиленд]] [[br:Swaziland]] [[bs:Svazi]] [[ca:Swazilàndia]] [[cs:Svazijsko]] [[cy:Gwlad Swazi]] [[da:Swaziland]] [[de:Swasiland]] [[el:Σουαζιλάνδη]] [[en:Swaziland]] [[eo:Svazilando]] [[es:Swazilandia]] [[et:Svaasimaa]] [[eu:Swazilandia]] [[fa:سوازیلند]] [[fi:Swazimaa]] [[fr:Swaziland]] [[frp:Souazilande]] [[gd:Swaziland]] [[gl:Suacilandia - Swaziland]] [[he:סווזילנד]] [[hi:स्वाजीलैंड]] [[hr:Svazi]] [[hu:Szváziföld]] [[id:Swaziland]] [[ilo:Swaziland]] [[io:Swazilando]] [[is:Svasíland]] [[it:Swaziland]] [[ja:スワジランド]] [[ka:სვაზილენდი]] [[ko:스와질란드]] [[ku:Siwaziland]] [[kw:Pow Swati]] [[la:Suazia]] [[lt:Svazilandas]] [[lv:Svazilenda]] [[mk:Свазиленд]] [[ms:Swaziland]] [[nds:Swasiland]] [[nl:Swaziland]] [[nn:Swaziland]] [[no:Swaziland]] [[nov:Swaziland]] [[oc:Swaziland]] [[pam:Swaziland]] [[pl:Suazi]] [[pt:Suazilândia]] [[ro:Swaziland]] [[ru:Свазиленд]] [[sh:Svazilend]] [[simple:Swaziland]] [[sk:Svazijsko]] [[sl:Svazi]] [[sq:Suazilandia]] [[sr:Свазиленд]] [[ss:Umbuso weSwatini]] [[sv:Swaziland]] [[sw:Uswazi]] [[tg:Свазиленд]] [[th:ประเทศสวาซิแลนด์]] [[tl:Swaziland]] [[tr:Svaziland]] [[ug:سۋازىلاند]] [[uk:Свазиленд]] [[vi:Swaziland]] [[zh:斯威士兰]] [[zh-min-nan:Swazi-tē]] 1427 6586 2004-10-05T23:02:19Z 130.39.222.122 '''सिरिया''' एशिया-महाद्वीपे पश्‍चिमे देश: अस्‍ति. ===संबद्घ विषया:=== == External links == * http://www.ezsy.com * http://www.syriagate.com * http://www.syrialive.com [[en:Syria]] 1428 6587 2004-10-05T13:11:47Z 65.0.116.109 '''सऊदी अरब''' '''(المملكة العربيّة السّعوديّة Al-Mamlakah al-'Arabiyah as-Sa'udiyah)''' एशिया-महाद्वीपे देश: अस्‍ति. ===संबद्घ विषया:=== == External links == *[http://www.library.uu.nl/wesp/populstat/Asia/saudiarc.htm Saudi Arabia: Historical Demographical Data Factsheet] *[http://www.bbg-jed.org British Business Group, Jeddah] *[http://www.meforum.org/article/520 U.S. Department of State: Marriage to Saudis] *[http://travel.state.gov/abduction_saudi.html U.S. Department of State: Saudi Arabia - International Parental Child Abduction] *[http://www.TourSaudiArabia.com/ A Virtual Tour of Saudi Arabia] [[en:Saudi Arabia]] [[ks:सऊदी अरब]] 1429 12999 2006-12-19T02:35:21Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[frp:Viêt Nam]] '''वियेतनाम''' एशिया-महाद्वीपे दक्षिणे-पूर्वे देश: अस्‍ति. ===संबद्घ विषया:=== == External links == *[http://www.vov.org.vn/Defaultv.htm VOV News] *[http://www.vnn.vn/ Vietnam NET] *[http://www.asinah.net/vietnam.html Vietnam Guide] [[an:Bietnam]] [[ar:فيتنام]] [[ast:Vietnam]] [[az:Vyetnam]] [[be:Віетнам]] [[bg:Виетнам]] [[bn:ভিয়েতনাম]] [[br:Viêt Nam]] [[bs:Vijetnam]] [[ca:Vietnam]] [[cs:Vietnam]] [[da:Vietnam]] [[de:Vietnam]] [[el:Βιετνάμ]] [[en:Vietnam]] [[eo:Vjetnamio]] [[es:Vietnam]] [[et:Vietnam]] [[eu:Vietnam]] [[fa:ویتنام]] [[fi:Vietnam]] [[fr:Viêt Nam]] [[frp:Viêt Nam]] [[fy:Fietnam]] [[ga:Vítneam]] [[gl:Vietnam - Việt Nam]] [[he:וייטנאם]] [[hi:वियतनाम]] [[hr:Vijetnam]] [[hu:Vietnam]] [[id:Vietnam]] [[ilo:Vietnam]] [[io:Vietnam]] [[is:Víetnam]] [[it:Vietnam]] [[ja:ベトナム]] [[ka:ვიეტნამი]] [[ko:베트남]] [[ku:Viyetnam]] [[kw:Vietnam]] [[la:Vietnamia]] [[li:Viëtnam]] [[lt:Vietnamas]] [[lv:Vjetnama]] [[mi:Whitināmu]] [[mk:Виетнам]] [[ms:Vietnam]] [[nds:Vietnam]] [[nl:Vietnam]] [[nn:Vietnam]] [[no:Vietnam]] [[oc:Vietnam]] [[os:Вьетнам]] [[pam:Vietnam]] [[pl:Wietnam]] [[pt:Vietname]] [[ro:Vietnam]] [[ru:Вьетнам]] [[scn:Vietnam]] [[sh:Vijetnam]] [[simple:Vietnam]] [[sk:Vietnam]] [[sl:Vietnam]] [[sq:Vietnami]] [[sr:Вијетнам]] [[sv:Vietnam]] [[ta:வியட்நாம்]] [[te:వియత్నాం]] [[tg:Виетнам]] [[th:ประเทศเวียดนาม]] [[tk:Wýetnam]] [[tl:Vietnam]] [[tr:Vietnam]] [[udm:Вьетнам]] [[ug:ۋيېتنام]] [[uk:В'єтнам]] [[vi:Việt Nam]] [[wa:Vietnam]] [[zh:越南]] [[zh-min-nan:Oa̍t-lâm]] [[zh-yue:越南]] 1430 6589 2004-10-05T22:03:47Z 130.39.222.122 '''लेबनान''' الجمهوريّة البنانيّة Al Jumhuriyah al Lubnaniyah एशिया-महाद्वीपे पश्‍चिमे देश: अस्‍ति. ===संबद्घ विषया:=== [[en:Lebanon]] 1431 12936 2006-12-18T22:08:15Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[frp:Malèsie]] '''मलयेशिया''' एशिया-महाद्वीपे दक्षिणे-पूर्वे देश: अस्‍ति. ===संबद्घ विषया:=== == External Links == * [http://www.jheoa.gov.my/index-english.htm JHEOA] - Department of Orang Asli Affairs (the aborigines) * [http://www.suaramalaysia.com Suara Malaysia] - Where Malaysians Speak Up! * [http://www.mycen.com.my Malaysia Central] - Directory of Malaysian sites * [http://www.sajasearch.com Saja Search] - Malaysian search engine * [http://malaysia.start4all.com Start4all malaysia] - Directory of Malaysian sites * [http://www.pmo.gov.my/website/webdb.nsf/Eng+Main+Frameset?OpenFrameSet Prime minister's home page] - Official prime ministerial site * [http://www.virtualmalaysia.com Virtual Malaysia] - Tourism site * [http://www.asinah.net/malaysia.html Malaysia Travel Infos] - Malaysia Travel information * [http://allmalaysia.info AllMalaysia.info] - Information on all things Malaysian * [http://www.gov.my/ myGovernment Portal] - Malaysian Government Portal * [http://mcsl.mampu.gov.my/ Malaysian Civil Service Link (MCSL)] - Contains links to various Malaysian Government websites * [http://www.malaysiakini.com MalaysiaKini] - Malaysia's top alternative media website [[af:Maleisië]] [[als:Malaysia]] [[an:Malaisia]] [[ar:ماليزيا]] [[bg:Малайзия]] [[bs:Malezija]] [[bug:Malaysia]] [[ca:Malàisia]] [[cs:Malajsie]] [[cy:Malaysia]] [[da:Malaysia]] [[de:Malaysia]] [[el:Μαλαισία]] [[en:Malaysia]] [[eo:Malajzio]] [[es:Malasia]] [[et:Malaisia]] [[eu:Malaysia]] [[fa:مالزی]] [[fi:Malesia]] [[fr:Malaisie]] [[frp:Malèsie]] [[fy:Maleizje]] [[ga:An Mhalaeisia]] [[gd:Malaysia]] [[gl:Malaisia - Malaysia]] [[he:מלזיה]] [[hi:मलेशिया]] [[hr:Malezija]] [[ht:Malezi]] [[hu:Malajzia]] [[ia:Malaysia]] [[id:Malaysia]] [[ilo:Malaysia]] [[io:Malaizia]] [[is:Malasía]] [[it:Malaysia]] [[ja:マレーシア]] [[jbo:mejgu'e]] [[ka:მალაიზია]] [[kn:ಮಲೇಶಿಯ]] [[ko:말레이시아]] [[ks:मलयेशिया]] [[ku:Malezya]] [[kw:Malaysi]] [[lb:Malaysien]] [[li:Maleisië]] [[lt:Malaizija]] [[lv:Malaizija]] [[mk:Малезија]] [[ms:Malaysia]] [[nds:Malaysia]] [[nl:Maleisië]] [[nn:Malaysia]] [[no:Malaysia]] [[oc:Malàisia]] [[pam:Malaysia]] [[pl:Malezja]] [[pt:Malásia]] [[ro:Malaysia]] [[ru:Малайзия]] [[sh:Malezija]] [[simple:Malaysia]] [[sk:Malajzia]] [[sl:Malezija]] [[sq:Malajzia]] [[sr:Малезија]] [[su:Malaysia]] [[sv:Malaysia]] [[ta:மலேசியா]] [[tg:Малайзия]] [[th:ประเทศมาเลเซีย]] [[tl:Malaysia]] [[tr:Malezya]] [[ug:مالايسىيا]] [[uk:Малайзія]] [[vi:Malaysia]] [[vo:Malaysiyän]] [[zh:马来西亚]] [[zh-min-nan:Má-lâi-se-a]] [[zh-yue:馬來西亞]] 1432 12922 2006-12-18T21:25:10Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[frp:Maldives]] '''मालदीव''' एशिया-महाद्वीपे सिन्‍धु-महासागरे दक्षिणे देश: अस्‍ति. The early history of the Maldives is obscure. According to Maldivian legend, a Sinhalese prince named Koimale was stranded with his bride--daughter of the king of Sri Lanka--in a Maldivian lagoon and stayed on to rule as the first sultan. ===संबद्घ विषया:=== [[an:Maldibas]] [[ar:ملديف]] [[ast:Maldives]] [[bg:Малдиви]] [[bn:মালদ্বীপ]] [[bs:Maldivi]] [[ca:Maldives]] [[cs:Maledivy]] [[da:Maldiverne]] [[de:Malediven]] [[dv:ދިވެހިރާއްޖެ]] [[en:Maldives]] [[eo:Maldivoj]] [[es:Maldivas]] [[et:Maldiivid]] [[eu:Maldivak]] [[fa:مالدیو]] [[fi:Malediivit]] [[fr:Maldives]] [[frp:Maldives]] [[fy:Maldiven]] [[gl:Maldivas - ދިވެހި]] [[he:המלדיביים]] [[hi:मालदीव]] [[hr:Maldivi]] [[ht:Maldiv]] [[hu:Maldív-szigetek]] [[id:Maladewa]] [[io:Maldivi]] [[is:Maldíveyjar]] [[it:Maldive]] [[ja:モルディブ]] [[ko:몰디브]] [[ks:मालदीव]] [[kw:Maldivys]] [[la:Insulae Maldivae]] [[lb:Malediven]] [[li:Maledive]] [[lt:Maldyvai]] [[lv:Maldīvija]] [[mk:Малдиви]] [[mr:मालदीव]] [[ms:Maldives]] [[nds:Malediven]] [[nl:Maldiven]] [[nn:Maldivane]] [[no:Maldivene]] [[oc:Maldivas]] [[pam:Maldives]] [[pl:Malediwy]] [[ps:مالديپ]] [[pt:Maldivas]] [[ro:Maldive]] [[ru:Мальдивы]] [[sh:Maldivi]] [[simple:Maldives]] [[sk:Maldivy]] [[sl:Maldivi]] [[sq:Maldives]] [[sr:Малдиви]] [[sv:Maldiverna]] [[ta:மாலைதீவுகள்]] [[te:మాల్దీవులు]] [[th:ประเทศมัลดีฟส์]] [[tl:Maldives]] [[tr:Maldivler]] [[ug:مالدىۋې]] [[uk:Мальдіви]] [[vi:Maldives]] [[vo:Maldivuäns]] [[zh:马尔代夫]] [[zh-min-nan:Maldives]] 1433 12900 2006-12-18T20:20:40Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[frp:Kazacstan]] '''कजाखस्थान''' एशिया-महाद्वीपे देश: अस्‍ति. (Kazakh: Қазақстан, Qazaqstan; Russian: Казахстан, Kazakhstán), also spelled Kazakstan, is a country that stretches over a vast expanse of Europe and Asia and a former republic of the now extinct USSR. It has borders with Russia, the People's Republic of China, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan and has a coastline on the Caspian Sea. Kazakhstan is the ninth-largest country in the world by area, but its semi-deserts (steppe) make it only the 57th country in population. Kazakhstan's population is 14,841,900 (2001). ===संबद्घ विषया:=== [[an:Kasajstán]] [[ang:Casacstan]] [[ar:كازاخستان]] [[ast:Kazakhistán]] [[az:Qazaxıstan]] [[be:Казахстан]] [[bg:Казахстан]] [[br:Kazac'hstan]] [[bs:Kazahstan]] [[ca:Kazakhstan]] [[cs:Kazachstán]] [[cv:Казахстан]] [[cy:Kazakstan]] [[da:Kasakhstan]] [[de:Kasachstan]] [[el:Καζακστάν]] [[en:Kazakhstan]] [[eo:Kazaĥio]] [[es:Kazajstán]] [[et:Kasahstan]] [[eu:Kazakhstan]] [[fa:قزاقستان]] [[fi:Kazakstan]] [[fr:Kazakhstan]] [[frp:Kazacstan]] [[fy:Kazakstan]] [[ga:An Chasacstáin]] [[gd:Kazakhstan]] [[gl:Casaquistán - Қазақстан]] [[he:קזחסטן]] [[hi:कस़ाख़िस्तान]] [[hr:Kazahstan]] [[ht:Kazakstan]] [[hu:Kazahsztán]] [[hy:Ղազախստան]] [[id:Kazakhstan]] [[ilo:Kazakstan]] [[io:Kazakstan]] [[is:Kasakstan]] [[it:Kazakistan]] [[ja:カザフスタン]] [[ka:ყაზახეთი]] [[kk:Қазақстан]] [[ko:카자흐스탄]] [[ku:Qezexistan]] [[kw:Pow Kasagh]] [[ky:Казакстан Республикасы]] [[la:Casachia]] [[lb:Kasachstan]] [[li:Kazachstan]] [[lt:Kazachija]] [[lv:Kazahstāna]] [[mk:Казахстан]] [[mo:Казахстан]] [[ms:Kazakhstan]] [[na:Kazakhstan]] [[nds:Kasachstan]] [[nl:Kazachstan]] [[nn:Kasakhstan]] [[no:Kasakhstan]] [[oc:Cazacstan]] [[os:Хъазахстан]] [[pam:Kazakhstan]] [[pl:Kazachstan]] [[pt:Cazaquistão]] [[ro:Kazahstan]] [[ru:Казахстан]] [[scn:Kazakistan]] [[sh:Kazahstan]] [[simple:Kazakhstan]] [[sk:Kazachstan]] [[sl:Kazahstan]] [[sq:Kazakistani]] [[sr:Казахстан]] [[sv:Kazakstan]] [[te:కజకిస్తాన్]] [[tg:Қазоқистон]] [[th:ประเทศคาซัคสถาน]] [[tk:Gazagystan]] [[tl:Kazakhstan]] [[tr:Kazakistan]] [[tt:Qazaqstan]] [[ug:قازاقسىتان]] [[uk:Казахстан]] [[ur:قازقستان]] [[uz:Qozogʻiston]] [[vi:Kazakhstan]] [[vo:Kasakistän]] [[war:Kasahistan]] [[yi:קאַזאַקסטאַן]] [[zh:哈萨克斯坦]] [[zh-min-nan:Kazakhstan]] 1434 6593 2004-10-03T16:33:39Z 65.0.107.166 '''जार्डन''' एशिया-महाद्वीपे देश: अस्‍ति. ===संबद्घ विषया:=== == External links == * [http://jordantimes.com/ Jordan Times] * [http://www.jolug.org Jordan Linux Users Group] * [http://www.world-atlas.net/Jordan Jordan Facts] * [http://www.asinah.net/jordan.html Jordan Guide] [[en:Jordan]] [[ks:जार्डन]] 1435 12771 2006-12-17T17:26:57Z 85.97.53.117 /* External links */ '''तुर्किये''' एशिया-महाद्वीपे देश: अस्‍ति. अस्‍य राजधानी [[इस्‍तम्‍बूल]] अस्‍ति. ===संबद्घ विषया:=== == External links == *[http://www.mfa.gov.tr/Default.htm All About Turkey] - Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs *[http://www.cankaya.gov.tr Çankaya] - Official presidential site (in Turkish) *[http://www.tbmm.gov.tr TBMM] - Official parliamentary site (in Turkish) *[http://HavenWorks.com/world/turkey Turkey News] *[http://www.turkudostlari.net (Turkey) :Turk, Middle East, Balkan MIDI files, Turkish folk music lyrics, music sheets. (In Turkish)] *[http://saglik.hukuku.net Health Law] - Health care law (in Turkish) *[http://www.hukukara.com Law Search engine] - Law Search engine(in Turkish) *[http://users.swing.be/kusadasi] Kusadasi *[http://www.turkishembassy.org Turkish Embassy in Washington D.C.] Turkish Embassy in Washington D.C. * [http://www.turkeygate.com Turkey] - Turkey Directory in English * [http://www.avtr.info Legal System Info] - Legal System Info (in Turkish) * [http://www.hukuku.net Legal Practices Info] - Legal Practices Info(in Turkish) * [http://www.hukukline.com Comparative Laws] - Comparative Laws (in Turkish) [[an:Turquía]] [[ar:تركيا]] [[arc:ܬܘܪܟܝܐ]] [[ast:Turquía]] [[az:Türkiyə Respublikası]] [[be:Турцыя]] [[bg:Турция]] [[br:Turkia]] [[bs:Turska]] [[ca:Turquia]] [[cs:Turecko]] [[cv:Турци]] [[cy:Twrci]] [[da:Tyrkiet]] [[de:Türkei]] [[diq:Tırkiya]] [[el:Τουρκία]] [[en:Turkey]] [[eo:Turkio]] [[es:Turquía]] [[et:Türgi]] [[eu:Turkia]] [[fa:ترکیه]] [[fi:Turkki]] [[fr:Turquie]] [[fy:Turkije]] [[ga:An Tuirc]] [[gd:An Tuirc]] [[gl:Turquía - Türkiye]] [[he:תורכיה]] [[hi:तुर्की]] [[hr:Turska]] [[hu:Törökország]] [[hy:Թուրքիա]] [[ia:Turchia]] [[id:Turki]] [[io:Turkia]] [[is:Tyrkland]] [[it:Turchia]] [[ja:トルコ]] [[ka:თურქეთი]] [[kk:Түркия]] [[kl:Tyrk Nunaat]] [[ko:터키]] [[ks:तुर्किये]] [[ku:Komara Tirkiyê]] [[kw:Turki]] [[la:Turcia]] [[lb:Tierkei]] [[li:Törkieë]] [[lt:Turkija]] [[lv:Turcija]] [[mk:Турција]] [[ms:Turki]] [[nds:Törkie]] [[nl:Turkije]] [[nn:Tyrkia]] [[no:Tyrkia]] [[nrm:Turtchie]] [[oc:Turquia]] [[os:Турк]] [[pam:Turkey]] [[pdc:Welschhinkel]] [[pl:Turcja]] [[pt:Turquia]] [[ro:Turcia]] [[ru:Турция]] [[scn:Turchìa]] [[sco:Turkey]] [[se:Durka]] [[sh:Turska]] [[simple:Turkey]] [[sk:Turecko]] [[sl:Turčija]] [[sq:Turqia]] [[sr:Турска]] [[sv:Turkiet]] [[ta:துருக்கி]] [[th:ประเทศตุรกี]] [[tk:Türkiýe Jumhuriyäti]] [[tl:Turkiya]] [[tr:Türkiye]] [[tt:Törkiä]] [[ug:تۇركىيە]] [[uk:Туреччина]] [[uz:Turkiya]] [[vi:Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ]] [[yi:טערקיי]] [[zh:土耳其]] [[zh-min-nan:Türkiye]] 1436 6595 2004-10-03T17:19:37Z 65.0.107.166 '''तैवान''' एशिया-महाद्वीपे, प्रशान्‍त महासागरे देश: अस्‍ति. राजधानी - [[तैपे]] जनसंख्‍या - ===संबद्घ विषया:=== *[[चीन]] == External links == * [http://www.gio.gov.tw Government Information Office] - Governmental information portal * [http://www.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/north_east_asia/taiwan/ Lonely Planet Destination Taiwan] - travel guide * [http://wikitravel.org/en/article/Taiwan Taiwan travel guide at Wikitravel] * [http://www.tbroc.gov.tw/lan/cht/index/ Taiwan Tourism Bureau] -local travel news [[en:Taiwan]] [[ks:तैवान]] 1437 6596 2004-10-03T17:39:17Z 65.0.107.166 '''ताजिकिस्थान''' एशिया-महाद्वीपे देश: अस्‍ति. The land has been under the rule of various empires throughout history, mostly the Persian Empire. In the time before Jesus Christ, it was part of the Bactrian Empire. Arabs brought Islam in the 7th century. The Samanid Empire supplanted the Arabs but was eventually superseded by Turkic invaders. The Mongols would later take control of the area, and Tajikistan would become a part of the emirate of Bukhara. In the 19th century, the Russian Empire began to expand, and spread into Central Asia. During the Great Game, it came in control of Tajikistan. After the overthrow of the Tsar in 1917, Tajik guerillas waged a war against Bolshevik armies in a futile attempt to maintain independence. The Bolsheviks would prevail after a four year war, in which mosques and villages were burned down and the population heavily suppressed. ===संबद्घ विषया:=== [[en:Tajikstan]] [[ks:ताजिकिस्थान]] 1438 6597 2004-10-04T14:54:41Z 130.39.222.122 '''तुर्कमिनिस्थान''' एशिया-महाद्वीपे देश: अस्‍ति. It has borders with Afghanistan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and has a coastline on the Caspian Sea. ===संबद्घ विषया:=== [[en:Turkmenistan]] [[ks:तुर्कमिनिस्थान]] 1439 13050 2006-12-20T15:56:22Z Thijs!bot 230 robot Adding: [[bo:ཐའེ་གོ]] {{notsanskrit}} '''थाइलैंड (ราชอาณาจักรไทย)''' एशिया-महाद्वीपे देश: अस्‍ति. अस्‍य अन्‍य नाम सियाम अस्‍ति. राजधानी -बंगकाक. Thailand's origin is traditionally tied to the short-lived kingdom of Sukhothai founded in 1238, after which the larger kingdom of Ayutthaya was established in the mid-14th century. Thai culture was greatly influenced by both China and India. Contact with various European powers began in the 16th century but despite continued pressure Thailand is the only Southeast Asian country never to have been taken over by a European power, though Western influence led to many reforms in the 19th century. A mostly bloodless revolution in 1932 led to a constitutional monarchy. Known previously as Siam, the country first changed its name to Thailand in 1939, and definitively in 1949 after reverting to the old name post-World War II. During that conflict Thailand was in a loose alliance with Japan; following its conclusion Thailand became an ally of the United States. Thailand then saw a series of military coups d'état, but progressed towards democracy from the 1980s onward. ===संबद्घ विषया:=== [[af:Thailand]] [[an:Tailandia]] [[ar:تايلند]] [[ast:Tailandia]] [[az:Tayland]] [[bg:Тайланд]] [[bn:থাইল্যান্ড]] [[bo:ཐའེ་གོ]] [[br:Thailand]] [[bs:Tajland]] [[ca:Tailàndia]] [[cs:Thajsko]] [[cy:Gwlad Thai]] [[da:Thailand]] [[de:Thailand]] [[el:Ταϊλάνδη]] [[en:Thailand]] [[eo:Tajlando]] [[es:Tailandia]] [[et:Tai]] [[eu:Tailandia]] [[fa:تایلند]] [[fi:Thaimaa]] [[fr:Thaïlande]] [[frp:Tayilande]] [[fy:Tailân]] [[ga:An Téalainn]] [[gl:Tailandia - ประเทศไทย]] [[gu:થાઇલેન્ડ]] [[he:תאילנד]] [[hi:थाईलैंड]] [[hr:Tajland]] [[hu:Thaiföld]] [[id:Thailand]] [[ilo:Thailand]] [[io:Tailando]] [[is:Taíland]] [[it:Thailandia]] [[ja:タイ王国]] [[ka:ტაილანდი]] [[kn:ಥೈಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್]] [[ko:타이]] [[ks:थाइलैंड]] [[ku:Tayland]] [[kw:Pow Tay]] [[la:Thailandia]] [[li:Thailand]] [[lt:Tailandas]] [[lv:Taizeme]] [[mg:Thaïlande]] [[ms:Thailand]] [[nds:Thailand]] [[nl:Thailand]] [[nn:Thailand]] [[no:Thailand]] [[oc:Tailàndia]] [[pam:Thailand]] [[pl:Tajlandia]] [[ps:تايلېنډ]] [[pt:Tailândia]] [[ro:Thailanda]] [[ru:Таиланд]] [[scn:Tailandia]] [[sh:Tajland]] [[simple:Thailand]] [[sk:Thajsko]] [[sl:Tajska]] [[sq:Tailanda]] [[sr:Тајланд]] [[sv:Thailand]] [[ta:தாய்லாந்து]] [[te:థాయిలాండ్]] [[tg:Таиланд]] [[th:ประเทศไทย]] [[tk:Taýland]] [[tl:Thailand]] [[tr:Tayland]] [[uk:Таїланд]] [[vi:Thái Lan]] [[zh:泰国]] [[zh-min-nan:Thài-kok]] [[zh-yue:泰國]] 1440 6599 2004-10-04T15:05:33Z 130.39.222.122 '''दक्षिण कोरिया''' एशिया-महाद्वीपे देश: अस्‍ति. ===संबद्घ विषया:=== ==External links== * [http://www.kois.go.kr/ Korea.net: Gateway to Korea] * [http://www.cwd.go.kr/warp/app/home/en_home Cheong Wa Dae] - Official presidential site * [http://eng.assembly.go.kr Gukhoe] - Official National Assembly site * [http://www.nso.go.kr/eng/index.shtml Korea National Statistical Office] * [http://www.tour2korea.com/ Tour2Korea] (operated by Korea National Tourism Organization) [[en:South Korea]] [[ks:दक्षिण कोरिया]] 1441 12790 2006-12-17T20:05:35Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[frp:Bahreyin]] '''बहरैन''' एशिया-महाद्वीपे देश: अस्‍ति. ===संबद्घ विषया:=== == External links == * [http://www.bahrain.gov.bh/english/index.asp official web site] * [http://www.bna.bh/ Bahrain News Agency] * [http://www.loc.gov/rr/international/amed/bahrain/bahrain.html Library of Congress Portals on the World - Bahrain] * [http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ba.html CIA - The World Factbook -- Bahrain] - [[CIA]]'s Factbook on Bahrain * [http://www.ameinfo.com/ Business news for Bahrain and the region] * [http://keheartt.tripod.com/photos/index.htm Kyle's pictures from Bahrain] *[http://www.iranchamber.com/geography/articles/mishmahig_islands_bahrain.php Mishmahig Islands (Bahrain), How it was separated from Iran?] * [http://www.kevin-mccoy.com/gallery/spbahrain Kevin's pictures from Bahrain] [[an:Bahrein]] [[ar:البحرين]] [[arc:ܒܚܪܝܢ]] [[ast:Bahrein]] [[bg:Бахрейн]] [[bn:বাহরাইন]] [[bs:Bahrein]] [[ca:Bahrain]] [[cs:Bahrajn]] [[cy:Bahrain]] [[da:Bahrain]] [[de:Bahrain]] [[el:Μπαχρέιν]] [[en:Bahrain]] [[eo:Barejno]] [[es:Bahréin]] [[et:Bahrein]] [[eu:Bahrain]] [[fa:بحرین]] [[fi:Bahrain]] [[fr:Bahreïn]] [[frp:Bahreyin]] [[fy:De Barein]] [[gd:Bahrain]] [[gl:Bahrain - البحرين]] [[he:בחריין]] [[hi:बहरीन]] [[hr:Bahrein]] [[hu:Bahrein]] [[hy:Բահրեյն]] [[ia:Bahrein]] [[id:Bahrain]] [[ilo:Bahrayn]] [[io:Bahrain]] [[is:Barein]] [[it:Bahrain]] [[ja:バーレーン]] [[ko:바레인]] [[ks:बहरैन]] [[ku:Behreyn]] [[kw:Bahreyn]] [[la:Bachrania]] [[li:Bahrein]] [[lt:Bahreinas]] [[lv:Bahreina]] [[mk:Бахрaин]] [[ml:ബഹറിന്‍]] [[ms:Bahrain]] [[na:Bahrain]] [[nds:Bahrain]] [[nl:Bahrein]] [[nn:Bahrain]] [[no:Bahrain]] [[oc:Bahrayn]] [[os:Бахрейн]] [[pam:Bahrain]] [[pl:Bahrajn]] [[ps:بحرين]] [[pt:Bahrein]] [[ro:Bahrain]] [[ru:Бахрейн]] [[scn:Bahrain]] [[se:Bahrain]] [[sh:Bahrein]] [[simple:Bahrain]] [[sk:Bahrajn]] [[sl:Bahrajn]] [[sq:Bahraini]] [[sr:Бахреин]] [[sv:Bahrain]] [[ta:பஹ்ரேய்ன்]] [[tg:Баҳрайн]] [[th:ประเทศบาห์เรน]] [[tl:Bahrain]] [[tr:Bahreyn]] [[udm:Бахрейн]] [[ug:بەھرەين]] [[uk:Бахрейн]] [[vi:Bahrain]] [[vo:Bahruäns]] [[zh:巴林]] [[zh-min-nan:Bahrain]] [[zh-yue:巴林]] 1442 6601 2004-10-04T20:18:39Z 130.39.222.122 '''बंगलादेश''' एशिया-महाद्वीपे देश: अस्‍ति. ===संबद्घ विषया:=== == External links == * [http://www.bangladeshgov.org Bangladesh Government - Official governmental site] * [http://www.parliamentofbangladesh.org/indexeng.html Legislative Information Centre - Official parliamentary site] * [http://www.bnpbd.com/ Bangladesh Nationalist Party - BNP] * [http://www.albd.org/ Bangladesh Awami League - AL] * [http://www.jamaat-e-islami.org/ Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh] * [http://www.jatiyaparty.org/ Jatiya Party - JP:Ershad] * [http://www.cpbdhaka.com/ Communist Party of Bangladesh - CPB] * [http://www.sarana.8m.com/ Digiart Multimedia - Sohel Afgani RaNA] * [http://banglapedia.search.com.bd/ Banglapedia - National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh] [[en:Bangladesh]] [[ks:बंगलादेश]] 1443 6602 2004-10-04T21:56:55Z 130.39.222.122 '''मंगोलिया''' एशिया-महाद्वीपे उत्तरे देश: अस्‍ति. ===संबद्घ विषया:=== == External links == *[http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/ Mongolian Tourist Board] *[http://www.open-government.mn Mongolian Open Government] (in Mongolian) *[http://www.gateway.mn Mongolia Gateway portal] *[http://www.mongolialife.com Images of Mongolia] [[en:Mongolia]] [[ks:मंगोलिया]] 1444 6603 2004-09-29T01:05:47Z 65.0.125.231 एशिया-महाद्वीपे देश: अस्‍ति. ===संबद्घ विषया:=== 1445 12942 2006-12-18T22:16:57Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[hi:लाओस]] '''लाओस''' [[एशिया]]-महाद्वीपे दक्षिणे-पूर्वे देश: अस्‍ति. राजधानी - [[वियेनतियेन]]. भाषा - [[लाओ]] ===संबद्घ विषया:=== == External links == * [http://www.laopdr.com Laos' Portal] - Directory of Laotian sites * [http://www.mekongcenter.com/home.htm Mekong Center] - Official tourism site {{stub}} [[an:Laos]] [[ar:لاوس]] [[bg:Лаос]] [[bs:Laos]] [[ca:Laos]] [[cs:Laos]] [[cy:Laos]] [[da:Laos]] [[de:Laos]] [[el:Λάος]] [[en:Laos]] [[eo:Laoso]] [[es:Laos]] [[et:Laos]] [[eu:Laos]] [[fa:لائوس]] [[fi:Laos]] [[fr:Laos]] [[frp:Laos]] [[fy:Laos]] [[ga:Laos]] [[gl:República Democrática Popular Lao - ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນ ລາວ]] [[he:לאוס]] [[hi:लाओस]] [[hr:Laos]] [[ht:Laos]] [[hu:Laosz]] [[id:Laos]] [[ilo:Laos]] [[io:Laos]] [[is:Laos]] [[it:Laos]] [[ja:ラオス]] [[jv:Laos (bumbu)]] [[ka:ლაოსი]] [[ko:라오스]] [[ks:लाओस]] [[ku:Laos]] [[kw:Pow Lao]] [[la:Laonia]] [[li:Laos]] [[lo:ປະເທດລາວ]] [[lt:Laosas]] [[lv:Laosa]] [[mk:Лаос]] [[ms:Laos]] [[nap:Laos]] [[nds:Laos]] [[nl:Laos]] [[nn:Laos]] [[no:Laos]] [[oc:Laòs]] [[os:Лаос]] [[pam:Laos]] [[pl:Laos]] [[pt:Laos]] [[ro:Laos]] [[ru:Лаос]] [[scn:Laos]] [[sh:Laos]] [[simple:Laos]] [[sk:Laos]] [[sl:Laos]] [[sq:Laosi]] [[sr:Лаос]] [[sv:Laos]] [[sw:Laos]] [[tg:Лаос]] [[th:ประเทศลาว]] [[tk:Laos]] [[tl:Laos]] [[tr:Laos]] [[ug:لائوس]] [[uk:Лаос]] [[vi:Lào]] [[vo:Laoän]] [[zh:老挝]] [[zh-min-nan:Lao-kok]] 1446 6605 2004-10-05T22:46:45Z 130.39.222.122 '''सिंगापोर''' एशिया-महाद्वीपे सिन्‍धु-महासागरे तटे दक्षिणे-पूर्वे देश: अस्‍ति. ===संबद्घ विषया:=== == External links == * [http://www.sgwiki.com The Singapore Wiki] * [http://www.gov.sg/ Singapore Government Online Portal] * [http://www.sg/ The Singapore Infomap] * [http://wikitravel.org/en/article/Singapore Singapore travel guide at Wikitravel] * [http://talkingcock.com/ Talking Cock, a political satire website] [[en:Singapore]] 1447 6606 2004-10-05T23:00:56Z 130.39.222.122 '''स्विटजरलैंड''' यूरोप-महाद्वीपे मध्‍यक्षेत्रे देश: अस्‍ति. ===संबद्घ विषया:=== == External links == *[http://www.admin.ch/ch/index.en.html The Federal Authorities] *[http://www.parlament.ch/poly/Framesets/E/Frame-E.htm The Swiss Parliament] *[http://www.bger.ch Federal Supreme Court] - (in German, French and Italian) *[http://www.statistik.admin.ch/eindex.htm Swiss Statistics] - statistics from the Swiss Federal Statistical Office *[http://www.culturelinks.ch/ Culturelinks.ch] - a portal giving access to Swiss culture websites *[http://www.swissworld.org Swissworld] - an encyclopedic presentation of the country by the Swiss Confederation *[http://www.about.ch/ About.ch] - another presentation of the country *[http://www.dhs.ch/ Historical Dictionary of Switzerland] - (in German, French and Italian) *[http://www.swissinfo.org/ Switzerland's news and information platform] - maintained by the public Swiss Broadcasting Corporation (in 9 languages) *[http://www.are.ch Spatial Planning in Switzerland] Website of Swiss Federal Office for Spatial Development (land-use planning, transportation, sustainable development) [[en:Switzerland]] 1448 6607 2004-10-05T22:55:25Z 130.39.222.122 '''स्पेन''' यूरोप-महाद्वीपे दक्षिणपश्‍चिमे देश: अस्‍ति. ===संबद्घ विषया:=== == External links == * [http://www.economist.com/countries/Spain/ Spain]: [[The Economist]] Country Briefings entry (current) * [http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/sp.html Spain]: [[CIA World Factbook]] entry (2003) * [http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/estoc.html Spain]: US [[Library of Congress Country Studies]] entry (1988) * [http://www.spain.info/Portal/EN/Default.htm spain.info] Spain Tourist Information * [http://www.spanishcourses.info/countries/ES_EN.asp Information on Spain]- General information on Spain * [http://www.administracion.es administracion.es] e-government Portal * [http://www.la-moncloa.es/webIngles/asp/inicio.asp La Moncloa.es] - Official governmental site * [http://www.mae.es Ministro de Asuntos Extranjeros] Ministry of Foreign Affairs * [http://www.congreso.es/ingles/area.htm Congreso de los Diputados] - Official site of the Congress of Deputies * [http://www.senado.es/home_i.html El Senado] - Official site of the Senate * [http://www.casareal.es/casareal/home2i.html Casa Real] - Official site of the Spanish Royal House * [http://www.ine.es/inebase/cgi/um?L=0 INEBase] - National Institute of Statistics (Spanish) * [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=EXT Ethnologue: EXT] * [http://www.proel.org/lenguas.html Proel.org] [[en:Spain]] 1449 12988 2006-12-19T01:29:26Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[frp:Slovaquie]] '''स्लोवाकिया''' यूरोप-महाद्वीपे मध्‍यक्षेत्रे एक: देश: अस्‍ति. ===संबद्घ विषया:=== {{stub}} [[af:Slowakye]] [[als:Slowakei]] [[am:ስሎቫኪያ]] [[an:Eslobaquia]] [[ar:سلوفاكيا]] [[arc:ܣܠܘܦܟܝܐ]] [[ast:Eslovaquia]] [[be:Славаччына]] [[bg:Словакия]] [[br:Slovakia]] [[bs:Slovačka]] [[ca:Eslovàquia]] [[cs:Slovensko]] [[csb:Słowackô]] [[cy:Slofacia]] [[da:Slovakiet]] [[de:Slowakei]] [[el:Σλοβακία]] [[en:Slovakia]] [[eo:Slovakio]] [[es:Eslovaquia]] [[et:Slovakkia]] [[eu:Eslovakia]] [[fa:اسلواکی]] [[fi:Slovakia]] [[fiu-vro:Slovakkia]] [[fo:Slovakia]] [[fr:Slovaquie]] [[frp:Slovaquie]] [[fur:Slovachie]] [[fy:Slowakije]] [[gl:Eslovaquia - Slovensko]] [[he:סלובקיה]] [[hi:स्लोवाकिया]] [[hr:Slovačka]] [[hsb:Słowakska]] [[hu:Szlovákia]] [[hy:Սլովակիա]] [[ia:Slovachia]] [[id:Slowakia]] [[ilo:Slovakia]] [[io:Slovakia]] [[is:Slóvakía]] [[it:Slovacchia]] [[ja:スロバキア]] [[ka:სლოვაკეთი]] [[ko:슬로바키아]] [[ku:Slovakya]] [[kw:Slovaki]] [[la:Slovacia]] [[lb:Slowakei]] [[li:Slowakieë]] [[lt:Slovakija]] [[mk:Словачка]] [[mo:Словачия]] [[ms:Slovakia]] [[na:Slovakia]] [[nds:Slowakei]] [[nds-nl:Slowakije]] [[ne:स्लोभाकिया]] [[nl:Slowakije]] [[nn:Slovakia]] [[no:Slovakia]] [[nrm:Slovaquie]] [[oc:Eslovaquia]] [[os:Словаки]] [[pam:Slovakia]] [[pl:Słowacja]] [[pms:Slovachia]] [[pt:Eslováquia]] [[qu:Isluwakya]] [[rmy:Slovaiko]] [[ro:Slovacia]] [[ru:Словацкая республика]] [[sh:Slovačka]] [[simple:Slovakia]] [[sk:Slovensko]] [[sl:Slovaška]] [[sq:Sllovakia]] [[sr:Словачка]] [[sv:Slovakien]] [[sw:Slovakia]] [[tg:Словакия]] [[th:ประเทศสโลวาเกีย]] [[tl:Slovakia]] [[tr:Slovakya]] [[ug:سلوۋاكىيە]] [[uk:Словаччина]] [[vi:Slovakia]] [[zh:斯洛伐克]] [[zh-min-nan:Slovensko]] [[zh-yue:斯洛伐克]] 1450 6609 2004-10-05T22:29:04Z 130.39.222.122 '''वैटिकन''' यूरोप-महाद्वीपे दक्षिणे एक: लघुदेश: अस्‍ति. ===संबद्घ विषया:=== == External links == * [http://www.cin.org/users/jgallegos/primacy.htm Primacy of the Apostolic See] * [http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/vt.html CIA World Factbook on Holy See] * [http://www.St-Takla.org Holy See of St. Mark] [[en:Vatican]] 1451 6610 2004-10-05T22:19:01Z 130.39.222.122 '''लक्सम्बर्ग''' यूरोप-महाद्वीपे पश्‍चिमे देश: अस्‍ति. ===संबद्घ विषया:=== == External links == * [http://www.luxembourg.lu Official Website] [[en:Luxembourg]] 1452 12932 2006-12-18T21:56:16Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[frp:Lituanie]], [[mo:Литуания]] '''लिथ्वानिया''' उत्तरे एक: लघु यूरोप-महाद्वीपे देश: अस्‍ति. ===संबद्घ विषया:=== == External links == * [http://www.lithuania.lt/IMI/i_en.jsp?nr=Lietuva Lithuanian Central Internet Gates] - Main Lithuanian portal * [http://www.lrv.lt/main_en.php Vyriausybe] - Official governmental site * [http://www.president.lt/en Prezidentas] - Official presidential site * [http://www3.lrs.lt/pls/inter/w3_eng_h.home Seimas] - Official parliamentary site * [http://www.on.lt Lithuania Online] - Wide collection of Lithuanian links * [http://www.istorija.net Istorija.net] - Pages and forum on the history of Lithuania (in Lithuanian, English, Russian) *[[OSTLAND]] A Philatelic Overview by Robert Morritt dedicated to my friend Alex Vanags-Baginskis for his inspiration over the past 35 years-see below]] *[http://www.geocities.com/vernondalhart2002/ostland_1][[OSTLAND]] *[http://secure.hospitalityclub.org/hc/membersrcexternal.php? country=115 Hospitality Club Lithuania] - Free accommodation with friendly Lithuanians [[af:Litaue]] [[als:Litauen]] [[am:ሊትዌኒያ]] [[an:Lituania]] [[ang:Lithuania]] [[ar:لتوانيا]] [[arc:ܠܬܘܢܝܐ]] [[ast:Lituania]] [[ay:Lituania]] [[az:Litva]] [[bat-smg:Lietova]] [[be:Летува]] [[bg:Литва]] [[br:Lituania]] [[bs:Litvanija]] [[ca:Lituània]] [[ceb:Lituanya]] [[co:Lituania]] [[cs:Litva]] [[csb:Lëtewskô]] [[cv:Литва]] [[cy:Lithuania]] [[da:Litauen]] [[de:Litauen]] [[el:Λιθουανία]] [[en:Lithuania]] [[eo:Litovio]] [[es:Lituania]] [[et:Leedu]] [[eu:Lituania]] [[fa:لیتوانی]] [[fi:Liettua]] [[fiu-vro:Leedu]] [[fo:Litava]] [[fr:Lituanie]] [[frp:Lituanie]] [[fur:Lituanie]] [[fy:Litouwen]] [[ga:An Liotuáin]] [[gd:Lituania]] [[gl:Lituania - Lietuva]] [[gn:Lituania]] [[he:ליטא]] [[hi:लिथुआनिया]] [[hr:Litva]] [[ht:Lityani]] [[hu:Litvánia]] [[hy:Լիտվա]] [[ia:Lituania]] [[id:Lituania]] [[ie:Lituania]] [[ilo:Lituania]] [[io:Lituania]] [[is:Litháen]] [[it:Lituania]] [[ja:リトアニア]] [[jv:Lituania]] [[ka:ლიტვა]] [[kk:Литва]] [[ko:리투아니아]] [[ksh:Littaue]] [[ku:Lîtvanya]] [[kw:Lithouani]] [[ky:Литва]] [[la:Lituania]] [[lb:Litauen]] [[li:Litouwe]] [[lmo:Lituània]] [[lt:Lietuva]] [[lv:Lietuva]] [[mi:Litovia]] [[mk:Литванија]] [[mn:Литва]] [[mo:Литуания]] [[mr:लिथुएनिया]] [[ms:Lithuania]] [[mt:Litwanja]] [[na:Lithuania]] [[nah:Lituantlān‎]] [[nap:Lituania]] [[nds:Litauen]] [[nds-nl:Litouwen]] [[ne:लिथुआनिया]] [[nl:Litouwen]] [[nn:Litauen]] [[no:Litauen]] [[nrm:Lithuanie]] [[oc:Lituània]] [[os:Литва]] [[pam:Lithuania]] [[pdc:Litaun]] [[pl:Litwa]] [[pms:Lituania]] [[pt:Lituânia]] [[qu:Lituwaniya]] [[rm:Lituania]] [[rmy:Lituaniya]] [[ro:Lituania]] [[roa-rup:Litva]] [[ru:Литва]] [[sc:Lituana]] [[scn:Lituania]] [[sco:Lithuania]] [[se:Lietuva]] [[sh:Litva]] [[simple:Lithuania]] [[sk:Litva]] [[sl:Litva]] [[sq:Lituania]] [[sr:Литванија]] [[sv:Litauen]] [[sw:Lituanya]] [[tet:Lituánia]] [[tg:Литва]] [[th:ประเทศลิทัวเนีย]] [[tl:Lithuania]] [[tpi:Litva]] [[tr:Litvanya]] [[tt:Litua]] [[uk:Литва]] [[uz:Litva]] [[vec:Łituania]] [[vi:Litva]] [[vls:Litown]] [[vo:Lietuvän]] [[wa:Litwaneye]] [[yi:ליטע]] [[zh:立陶宛]] [[zh-min-nan:Lietuva]] [[zh-yue:立陶宛]] 1453 6612 2004-10-05T22:10:40Z 130.39.222.122 '''लिक्टनस्टैन''' यूरोप-महाद्वीपे एक: लघु देश: अस्‍ति. ===संबद्घ विषया:=== == External links == *[http://www.liechtenstein.li/en/eliechtenstein_main_sites/portal_fuerstentum_liechtenstein/home.htm Principality of Liechtenstein] - Official State site *[http://liechtenstein.allhere.com Liechtenstein.Allhere] - Portal containing links to Liechtenstein related sites [[en:Liechtenstein]] 1454 6613 2004-10-05T22:01:38Z 130.39.222.122 '''लाट्विया''' यूरोप-महाद्वीपे उत्तरे देश: अस्‍ति. ===संबद्घ विषया:=== * [http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/lg.html CIA - The World Factbook -- Latvia] - [[CIA]]'s Factbook on Latvia * [http://www.lv Welcome to Latvia] - Wide collection of Latvian links * [http://www.latviansonline.com Latvians Online] - Popular online Latvian community * [http://www.latvians.com latvians.com] - Latvian identity in exile [[en:Latvia]] 1455 6614 2004-10-04T21:50:17Z 130.39.222.122 '''मोनाको''' यूरोप-महाद्वीपे एक: लघु देश: अस्‍ति. ===संबद्घ विषया:=== == External links == *[http://www.monaco.gouv.mc/PortGb www.gouv.mc] - Official governmental portal. *[http://www.peterkurth.com/MONACO.htm In the House of Grimaldi] *[http://www.monaco.net Monaco Net] - Monaco Portail (information, list of websites, etc.). [[en:Monaco]] [[ks:मोनाको]] 1456 6615 2004-10-04T21:45:52Z 130.39.222.122 '''मेसेडोनिया''' यूरोप-महाद्वीपे दक्षिणे-पूर्वे देश: अस्‍ति. Macedonia has an area of around 67,000 square kilometres and a population of 4.65 million. The territory corresponds to the basins of (from west to east) the Aliákmon, Vardar/Axios and Strymon rivers (of which the Vardar drains by far the largest area) and the plains around Thessaloniki and Serrai (Salonika and Serres in English). ===संबद्घ विषया:=== [[en:Macedonia]] [[ks:मेसेडोनिया]] 1457 6616 2004-10-04T21:39:12Z 130.39.222.122 '''माल्टा''' यूरोप-महाद्वीपे देश: अस्‍ति. ===संबद्घ विषया:=== == External links == *[http://www.aboutmalta.com About Malta] &ndash; aboutmalta.com is an online guide to everything Maltese *[http://www.maltalinks.com www.maltalinks.com] &ndash; Malta&#8217;s Online Search Engine and Business Exchange *[http://www.maltaseek.com Maltaseek] &ndash; Maltaseek.com is a Search Engine and Directory dedicated to Malta, Gozo and Comino *[http://www.gov.mt/index.asp?l=2 Gov.mt] &ndash; Official governmental portal *[http://www.maltamilitary.cjb.net Malta Military] &ndash; A Website on the Military History of Malta [[en:Malta]] [[ks:माल्टा]] 1458 13053 2006-12-20T16:13:57Z Thijs!bot 230 robot Adding: [[bo:ནོར་ཝེ]] '''नार्वे''' यूरोप-महाद्वीपे देश: अस्‍ति. ===संबद्घ विषया:=== == External links == *[http://www.norway.info Norway.info] - Norway - the official site *[http://english.norge.no Norge.no] - Official governmental portal *[http://www.stortinget.no/english Stortinget] - Official site of the Storting (Parliament) *[http://www.odin.dep.no/odin/engelsk/index-b-n-a.html Odin.dep.no] - Information from the Government and the Ministries *[http://www.kongehuset.no/default.asp?lang=eng Kongehuset] - Official site of the Royal House *[http://www.norway.org norway.org] - Official website for the Norwegian Embassy in Washington, DC *[http://www.ssb.no/english/ Statistic Norway] *[http://ngis2.statkart.no/norgesglasset/default.html Map of Norway searchable down to each house!] [[af:Noorweë]] [[als:Norwegen]] [[an:Noruega]] [[ang:Norþweg]] [[ar:نرويج]] [[arc:ܢܪܘܝܓ]] [[ast:Noruega]] [[az:Norveç]] [[be:Нарвегія]] [[bg:Норвегия]] [[bo:ནོར་ཝེ]] [[br:Norvegia]] [[bs:Norveška]] [[ca:Noruega]] [[co:Norvegia]] [[cs:Norsko]] [[csb:Norweskô]] [[cv:Норвеги]] [[cy:Norwy]] [[da:Norge]] [[de:Norwegen]] [[dv:ނޯވޭ]] [[el:Νορβηγία]] [[en:Norway]] [[eo:Norvegio]] [[es:Noruega]] [[et:Norra]] [[eu:Norvegia]] [[fa:نروژ]] [[fi:Norja]] [[fo:Noreg]] [[fr:Norvège]] [[frp:Norvèg·e]] [[fy:Noarwegen]] [[ga:An Iorua]] [[gd:Nirribhidh]] [[gl:Noruega - Noreg]] [[got:𐌽𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍅𐌹𐌲𐍃]] [[haw:Noloweke]] [[he:נורבגיה]] [[hi:नॉर्वे]] [[hr:Norveška]] [[ht:Nòvèj]] [[hu:Norvégia]] [[hy:Նորվեգիա]] [[ia:Norvegia]] [[id:Norwegia]] [[ilo:Norway]] [[io:Norvegia]] [[is:Noregur]] [[it:Norvegia]] [[ja:ノルウェー]] [[jbo:noreg]] [[ka:ნორვეგია]] [[kk:Норвегия]] [[kn:ನಾರ್ವೇ]] [[ko:노르웨이]] [[ks:नार्वे]] [[ku:Norwec]] [[kw:Norgagh]] [[la:Norvegia]] [[lad:Noruega]] [[lb:Norwegen]] [[li:Noorwege]] [[lt:Norvegija]] [[lv:Norvēģija]] [[mg:Norvezy]] [[mk:Норвешка]] [[ms:Norway]] [[na:Norwei]] [[nah:Noruecān]] [[nds:Norwegen]] [[nds-nl:Noorwegen]] [[ne:नर्वे]] [[nl:Noorwegen]] [[nn:Noreg]] [[no:Norge]] [[nrm:Norouague]] [[oc:Norvègia]] [[pam:Norway]] [[pl:Norwegia]] [[pms:Norvegia]] [[pt:Noruega]] [[qu:Nurwiga]] [[rm:Norvegia]] [[ro:Norvegia]] [[ru:Норвегия]] [[scn:Norveggia]] [[sco:Norrowey]] [[se:Norga]] [[sh:Norveška]] [[simple:Norway]] [[sk:Nórsko]] [[sl:Norveška]] [[sq:Norvegjia]] [[sr:Норвешка]] [[sv:Norge]] [[sw:Norwei]] [[ta:நோர்வே]] [[tg:Норвегия]] [[th:ประเทศนอร์เวย์]] [[tl:Norway]] [[tr:Norveç]] [[ug:نورۋېگىيە]] [[uk:Норвегія]] [[vi:Na Uy]] [[vo:Norgän]] [[wa:Norvedje]] [[wo:Norweej]] [[yi:נארוועגיע]] [[zh:挪威]] [[zh-min-nan:Norge]] [[zh-yue:挪威]] 1459 6618 2004-10-04T15:29:26Z 130.39.222.122 '''नेदरलैंड्स''' यूरोप-महाद्वीपे देश: अस्‍ति. ===संबद्घ विषया:=== == External links == *http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Dutch Dutch for English speakers (from [[Wikibooks]]) *[http://overheid.nl/guest/sites/ Overheid.nl] - official Dutch government portal (includes official publications from 1995; older ones are only available in some libraries, on paper or [[microfiche]]) *[http://www.government.nl Government.nl] - official Dutch government web site *[http://www.sdu.nl/staatscourant/gemeentes/gemprovin.htm province maps showing subdivision in municipalities, and linking each municipality to its basic data page] *http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/nl.html *[http://www.cbs.nl/en/figures/default.asp CBS] - Key figures from the Dutch bureau of statistics *http://flagspot.net/flags/nl-index.html - site about flags, but also with province maps showing municipalities, and some other info *Dutch news: [http://www.rnw.nl/ Radio Netherlands], [http://www.expatica.com/source/site_content_subchannel.asp?subchannel_id=1 Expatica] *[http://www.haarlemshuffle.com/ haarlemshuffle.com] - English language resources and background information [[en:Netherlands]] [[ks:नेदरलैंड्स]] 1460 6619 2004-10-03T15:52:34Z 65.0.107.166 '''चेक रिपब्लिक''' यूरोप-महाद्वीपे देश: अस्‍ति. ===संबद्घ विषया:=== == External links == * [http://www.czech.cz Czech.cz] - Official Czech portal * [http://www.vlada.cz/1250/eng/aktuality.htm Government website], in English * [http://www.psp.cz/cgi-bin/eng Chamber of Deputies website], in English * [http://www.senat.cz/index-eng.php Senate website], in English * [http://www.czechtourism.com/index.php?lang=3 CzechTourism] - nonprofit organisation aimed at promoting tourism in the Czech Republic * [[Wikitravel:Czech Republic|Czech Republic at Wikitravel]] - share your tourist experience * [http://www.p.lodz.pl/I35/personal/jw37/EUROPE/cesko2.htm An article on the word ''Czechia''] * [http://www.praguepost.com/ Prague Post] - English-language newsweekly [[en:Czech Republic]] [[ks:चेक रिपब्लिक]] 1461 13006 2006-12-19T03:02:31Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[frp:Èstonie]] '''एस्टोनिया''' यूरोप-महाद्वीपे देश: अस्ति । ===संबद्घ विषया:=== == External links == * [http://www.riik.ee/en/ Official State Website (''e''Riik)] - in English * [http://www.ciesin.ee/ESTCG/ Estonia Country Guide] * [http://www.estonica.org '''Estonica''' - from A to Z about Estonia] [[af:Estland]] [[am:ኤስቶኒያ]] [[an:Estonia]] [[ang:Estland]] [[ar:إستونيا]] [[arc:ܐܣܬܘܢܝܐ]] [[ast:Estonia]] [[bat-smg:Estėjė]] [[be:Эстонія]] [[bg:Естония]] [[br:Estonia]] [[bs:Estonija]] [[ca:Estònia]] [[cs:Estonsko]] [[cv:Эстони]] [[cy:Estonia]] [[da:Estland]] [[de:Estland]] [[el:Εσθονία]] [[en:Estonia]] [[eo:Estonio]] [[es:Estonia]] [[et:Eesti]] [[eu:Estonia]] [[fa:استونی]] [[fi:Viro]] [[fiu-vro:Eesti]] [[fo:Estland]] [[fr:Estonie]] [[frp:Èstonie]] [[fy:Estlân]] [[ga:An Eastóin]] [[gl:Estonia - Eesti]] [[he:אסטוניה]] [[hi:एस्टोनिया]] [[hr:Estonija]] [[hsb:Estiska]] [[ht:Estoni]] [[hu:Észtország]] [[hy:Էստոնիա]] [[ia:Estonia]] [[id:Estonia]] [[ilo:Estonia]] [[io:Estonia]] [[is:Eistland]] [[it:Estonia]] [[ja:エストニア]] [[jbo:gugrxesti]] [[ka:ესტონეთი]] [[ko:에스토니아]] [[ku:Estonya]] [[kw:Estoni]] [[la:Estonia]] [[lb:Estland]] [[li:Esland]] [[lt:Estija]] [[lv:Igaunija]] [[mk:Естонија]] [[mr:एस्टोनिया]] [[ms:Estonia]] [[na:Estonia]] [[nds:Estland]] [[nds-nl:Estlaand]] [[ne:इस्टोनिया]] [[nl:Estland]] [[nn:Estland]] [[no:Estland]] [[nrm:Estonnie]] [[oc:Estònia]] [[os:Эстони]] [[pam:Estonia]] [[pl:Estonia]] [[pms:Estònia]] [[ps:اېسټونيا]] [[pt:Estónia]] [[qu:Istunya]] [[rmy:Estoniya]] [[ro:Estonia]] [[roa-rup:Estonia]] [[ru:Эстония]] [[ru-sib:Естоння]] [[sc:Estonija]] [[scn:Estonia]] [[sco:Estonia]] [[se:Estlánda]] [[sh:Estonija]] [[simple:Estonia]] [[sk:Estónsko]] [[sl:Estonija]] [[sq:Estonia]] [[sr:Естонија]] [[ss:Estonia]] [[sv:Estland]] [[tet:Estónia]] [[tg:Эстония]] [[th:ประเทศเอสโตเนีย]] [[tl:Estonia]] [[tpi:Estonia]] [[tr:Estonya]] [[tt:Éstonia]] [[udm:Эстония]] [[uk:Естонія]] [[vi:Estonia]] [[zh:爱沙尼亚]] [[zh-min-nan:Eesti]] [[zh-yue:愛沙尼亞]] 1462 13000 2006-12-19T02:39:59Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[frp:Venezuèla]] '''वेनेज्वेला (República Bolivariana de Venezuela)''' दक्षिण-अमेरिका-महाद्वीपे उत्तरे देश: अस्‍ति. राजधानी - [[कराकस]] संबद्घ विषया: == External links == * [http://www.gobiernoenlinea.ve Gobierno en Línea] - Official governmental portal (in Spanish) * [http://www.venezuela.gov.ve Presidencia de la República de Venezuela] - Official Presidential Site (in Spanish) * [http://www.asambleanacional.gov.ve Asamblea Nacional] - Official Parliamentary Site (in Spanish) * [http://montages.blogspot.com/2004/08/hugo-chvez-frias-landslide-victory.html Hugo Chávez Frias' Landslide Victory] * [http://www.venezuelanalysis.com/ Venezuelanalysis.com] * [http://numismondo.com/pm/ven/ Venezuela Banknotes] * [http://www.marceloanelli.com/xoom/ Venezuela in Photographs] (in Spanish) * [http://www.globovision.com Venezuela's News Channel] * [http://www.unionradio.com.ve One of Venezuela's Radio Network] * [http://www.vheadline.com/main.asp Venezuela's Electronic News] * [http://www.eud.com Venezuela's Major Newspaper] [[af:Venezuela]] [[an:Benezuela]] [[ar:فنزويلا]] [[ast:Venezuela]] [[az:Venesuela]] [[bg:Венецуела]] [[bo:ཝེ་ནེ་ཟུའེ་ལ]] [[br:Venezuela]] [[bs:Venecuela]] [[ca:Veneçuela]] [[cbk-zam:Venezuela]] [[cs:Venezuela]] [[cy:Venezuela]] [[da:Venezuela]] [[de:Venezuela]] [[en:Venezuela]] [[eo:Venezuelo]] [[es:Venezuela]] [[et:Venezuela]] [[eu:Venezuela]] [[fa:ونزوئلا]] [[fi:Venezuela]] [[fr:Venezuela]] [[frp:Venezuèla]] [[ga:Veiniséala]] [[gd:Venezuela]] [[gl:Venezuela]] [[he:ונצואלה]] [[hr:Venezuela]] [[hu:Venezuela]] [[ia:Venezuela]] [[id:Venezuela]] [[ilo:Venezuela]] [[io:Venezuela]] [[is:Venesúela]] [[it:Venezuela]] [[ja:ベネズエラ]] [[ka:ვენესუელა]] [[kn:ವೆನೆಜುವೆಲಾ]] [[ko:베네수엘라]] [[ku:Vênêzûêla]] [[kw:Veneswela]] [[la:Venetiola]] [[lad:Venezuela]] [[lij:Venezuela]] [[lt:Venesuela]] [[lv:Venecuēla]] [[mk:Венецуела]] [[ms:Venezuela]] [[nds:Venezuela]] [[nl:Venezuela]] [[nn:Venezuela]] [[no:Venezuela]] [[oc:Veneçuèla]] [[pam:Venezuela]] [[pap:Venezuela]] [[pl:Wenezuela]] [[pt:Venezuela]] [[qu:Winisuyla]] [[rm:Venezuela]] [[ro:Venezuela]] [[ru:Венесуэла]] [[scn:Venezzuela]] [[se:Venezuela]] [[sh:Venezuela]] [[simple:Venezuela]] [[sk:Venezuela]] [[sl:Venezuela]] [[sq:Venezuela]] [[sr:Венецуела]] [[sv:Venezuela]] [[sw:Venezuela]] [[ta:வெனீசூலா]] [[tet:Venezuela]] [[tg:Венесуэла]] [[th:ประเทศเวเนซุเอลา]] [[tl:Venezuela]] [[to:Venisuela]] [[tr:Venezuela]] [[ug:ۋېنېسۇئېلا]] [[uk:Венесуела]] [[vi:Venezuela]] [[yi:װענעזװעלע]] [[zh:委內瑞拉]] [[zh-min-nan:Venezuela]] 1463 6622 2004-10-04T20:57:04Z 130.39.222.122 '''ब्रासील''' दक्षिण-अमेरिका-महाद्वीपे एक: विशाल देश: अस्‍ति. राजधानी - ब्रासिलिया ===संबद्घ विषया:=== == External links == * [http://www.brasil.gov.br Brasil.gov.br] - Official governmental portal (in Portuguese) * [http://www.presidencia.gov.br Presidência] - Official presidential site (in Portuguese) * [http://www.camara.gov.br Câmara dos Deputados] - Official Chamber of Deputies site (in Portuguese) * [http://www.senado.gov.br Senado Federal] - Official senatorial site (in Portuguese) * [http://www.planalto.gov.br Presidência da República] - Official presidential site about all federal legislation for your consult (in Portuguese) * [http://www.ibge.gov.br/english/default.php IBGE] - Maps and statistics about Brazil (in English) * [http://www.v-brazil.com Virtual Brazil] - Information about Brazilian culture, economy and tourism (in English) * [http://www.ceara.com.br Fortaleza City] - Ceará and Fortaleza tourism information (in Portuguese) * [http://www.mapafacil.com.br Mapa Fácil] ("Easy Map")- Online maps of more than 5000 Brazilian cities (in Portuguese) [[en:Brazil]] [[ks:ब्रासील]] 1464 12804 2006-12-17T20:59:24Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[frp:Bolivie]] '''बोलिविया''' दक्षिण-अमेरिका-महाद्वीपे देश: अस्‍ति. ===संबद्घ विषया:=== == External links == * [http://www.boliviaweb.com Bolivia Web] * [http://www.eldeber.net eldeber.net] * [http://www.llama-masbarato.com Telecomunicaciones en Bolivia] * [http://www.bolivia.sudamerica.it Portale Bolivia] [[af:Bolivia]] [[an:Bolibia]] [[ar:بوليفيا]] [[ast:Bolivia]] [[ay:Wuliwya]] [[be:Балівія]] [[bg:Боливия]] [[bn:বলিভিয়া]] [[br:Bolivia]] [[bs:Bolivija]] [[ca:Bolívia]] [[cs:Bolívie]] [[cy:Bolivia]] [[da:Bolivia]] [[de:Bolivien]] [[el:Βολιβία]] [[en:Bolivia]] [[eo:Bolivio]] [[es:Bolivia]] [[et:Boliivia]] [[eu:Bolivia]] [[fa:بولیوی]] [[fi:Bolivia]] [[fr:Bolivie]] [[frp:Bolivie]] [[gd:Bolivia]] [[gl:Bolivia]] [[he:בוליביה]] [[hr:Bolivija]] [[ht:Bolivi]] [[hu:Bolívia]] [[ia:Bolivia]] [[id:Bolivia]] [[ilo:Bolivia]] [[io:Bolivia]] [[is:Bólivía]] [[it:Bolivia]] [[ja:ボリビア]] [[ko:볼리비아]] [[ks:बोलिविया]] [[ku:Bolîvya]] [[kw:Bolivi]] [[la:Bolivia]] [[li:Bolivia]] [[lij:Bolivia]] [[lt:Bolivija]] [[lv:Bolīvija]] [[mk:Боливија]] [[ms:Bolivia]] [[na:Bolivia]] [[nah:Bolivtlān]] [[nds:Bolivien]] [[nl:Bolivia]] [[nn:Bolivia]] [[no:Bolivia]] [[oc:Bolívia]] [[pam:Bolivia]] [[pl:Boliwia]] [[pms:Bolivia]] [[pt:Bolívia]] [[qu:Bulibiya]] [[rm:Bolivia]] [[ro:Bolivia]] [[ru:Боливия]] [[scn:Bolivia]] [[se:Bolivia]] [[sh:Bolivija]] [[simple:Bolivia]] [[sk:Bolívia]] [[sl:Bolivija]] [[sq:Bolivia]] [[sr:Боливија]] [[sv:Bolivia]] [[sw:Bolivia]] [[ta:பொலிவியா]] [[tet:Bolívia]] [[tg:Боливия]] [[th:ประเทศโบลิเวีย]] [[tl:Bolivia]] [[tr:Bolivya]] [[ug:بولىۋىيە]] [[uk:Болівія]] [[uz:Boliviya]] [[vi:Bolivia]] [[zh:玻利維亞]] [[zh-min-nan:Bolivia]] 1465 12952 2006-12-18T22:42:50Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[frp:Namibie]] '''नमीबिया''' अफ्रीका-महाद्वीपे दक्षिण-पश्‍चिमे देश: अस्‍ति. ===संबद्घ विषया:=== == External links == * [http://www.grnnet.gov.na/intro.htm Republic of Namibia] - Namibian governmental portal [[af:Namibië]] [[am:ናሚቢያ]] [[an:Namibia]] [[ang:Namibia]] [[ar:ناميبيا]] [[ast:Namibia]] [[be:Намібія]] [[bg:Намибия]] [[bs:Namibija]] [[ca:Namíbia]] [[cs:Namibie]] [[cy:Namibia]] [[da:Namibia]] [[de:Namibia]] [[el:Ναμίμπια]] [[en:Namibia]] [[eo:Namibio]] [[es:Namibia]] [[et:Namiibia]] [[eu:Namibia]] [[fa:نامیبیا]] [[fi:Namibia]] [[fr:Namibie]] [[frp:Namibie]] [[gl:Namibia]] [[he:נמיביה]] [[hr:Namibija]] [[hu:Namíbia]] [[hy:Նամիբիա]] [[id:Namibia]] [[ilo:Namibia]] [[io:Namibia]] [[is:Namibía]] [[it:Namibia]] [[ja:ナミビア]] [[ka:ნამიბია]] [[ko:나미비아]] [[ks:नमीबिया]] [[ku:Namîbiya]] [[kw:Namibi]] [[la:Namibia]] [[lb:Namibien]] [[ln:Namibia]] [[lt:Namibija]] [[lv:Namībija]] [[mk:Намибија]] [[mr:नामिबिया]] [[ms:Namibia]] [[nds:Namibia]] [[nl:Namibië]] [[nn:Namibia]] [[no:Namibia]] [[oc:Namibia]] [[pam:Namibia]] [[pl:Namibia]] [[pt:Namíbia]] [[ro:Namibia]] [[ru:Намибия]] [[se:Namibia]] [[sh:Namibija]] [[simple:Namibia]] [[sk:Namíbia]] [[sl:Namibija]] [[sq:Namibia]] [[sr:Намибија]] [[sv:Namibia]] [[sw:Namibia]] [[tg:Намибия]] [[th:ประเทศนามิเบีย]] [[tl:Namibia]] [[tr:Namibya]] [[ug:نامبىيە]] [[uk:Намібія]] [[vi:Namibia]] [[zh:纳米比亚]] [[zh-min-nan:Namibia]] 1466 6625 2004-10-03T14:49:27Z 65.0.107.166 '''गयाना''' दक्षिण-अमेरिका-महाद्वीपे देश: अस्‍ति. ===संबद्घ विषया:=== == External links == * [http://www.sdnp.org.gy SDNP Guyana] - Guyanese directory and host to ministerial sites * [http://www.guyana.org Guyana News and Information] - News, history and more info on Guyanese affairs [[en:Guyana]] 1467 12841 2006-12-18T05:35:02Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[ru-sib:Аргентина]] '''अर्जन्टीना''' दक्षिण-अमेरिका-महाद्वीपे देश: अस्‍ति. ===संबद्घ विषया:=== * [http://www.info.gov.ar Gobierno Electrónico] - Official governmental gateway * [http://www.presidencia.gov.ar Presidencia] - Official presidential site (in Spanish) * [http://www.senado.gov.ar Honorable Senado de la Nación] - Official senatorial site (in Spanish) * [http://www.diputados.gov.ar Honorable Cámara de Diputados de la Nación] - Official lower house site (in Spanish) * [http://www.loc.gov/rr/international/hispanic/argentina/argentina.html Library of Congress Portals on the World - Argentina] * [http://www.coha.org Council on Hemispheric Affairs] Latin American information and analysis * [http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ar.html CIA - The World Factbook -- Argentina] - [[CIA]]'s Factbook on Argentina * [http://www.telam.com.ar Official news agency] [[af:Argentinië]] [[an:Archentina]] [[ar:الأرجنتين]] [[ast:Arxentina]] [[bat-smg:Argentina]] [[be:Аргентына]] [[bg:Аржентина]] [[bn:আর্জেন্টিনা]] [[br:Arc'hantina]] [[bs:Argentina]] [[ca:Argentina]] [[cs:Argentina]] [[cy:Yr Ariannin]] [[da:Argentina]] [[de:Argentinien]] [[el:Αργεντινή]] [[en:Argentina]] [[eo:Argentino]] [[es:Argentina]] [[et:Argentina]] [[eu:Argentina]] [[fa:آرژانتین]] [[fi:Argentiina]] [[fiu-vro:Argentina]] [[fr:Argentine]] [[frp:Argentena]] [[fur:Argjentine]] [[gd:Argentina]] [[gl:Arxentina - Argentina]] [[gn:Argentina]] [[he:ארגנטינה]] [[hi:अर्जेन्टीना]] [[hr:Argentina]] [[ht:Ajantin]] [[hu:Argentína]] [[hy:Արգենտինա]] [[ia:Argentina]] [[id:Argentina]] [[ilo:Argentina]] [[io:Arjentinia]] [[is:Argentína]] [[it:Argentina]] [[ja:アルゼンチン]] [[jbo:getygu'e]] [[ka:არგენტინა]] [[km:អារហ្សង់ទីន]] [[kn:ಅರ್ಜೆಂಟೀನ]] [[ko:아르헨티나]] [[ku:Arjantîn]] [[kw:Arghantina]] [[la:Argentina]] [[lb:Argentinien]] [[li:Argentinië]] [[lt:Argentina]] [[lv:Argentīna]] [[mk:Аргентина]] [[ms:Argentina]] [[na:Argentina]] [[nah:Arxentitlān]] [[nds:Argentinien]] [[nl:Argentinië]] [[nn:Argentina]] [[no:Argentina]] [[nov:Argentina]] [[oc:Argentina]] [[pam:Argentina]] [[pdc:Artschenti]] [[pl:Argentyna]] [[pms:Argentin-a]] [[ps:ارجنټاين]] [[pt:Argentina]] [[qu:Arhintina]] [[rm:Argentina]] [[ro:Argentina]] [[ru:Аргентина]] [[ru-sib:Аргентина]] [[scn:Argintina]] [[se:Argentina]] [[simple:Argentina]] [[sk:Argentína]] [[sl:Argentina]] [[sq:Argjentina]] [[sr:Аргентина]] [[sv:Argentina]] [[sw:Argentina]] [[ta:அர்ஜென்டினா]] [[tet:Arjentina]] [[th:ประเทศอาร์เจนตินา]] [[tl:Arhentina]] [[tr:Arjantin]] [[ug:ئارگېنتىنا]] [[uk:Аргентина]] [[ur:ارجنٹائن]] [[vi:Argentina]] [[vo:Largäntän]] [[yi:ארגענטינע]] [[zh:阿根廷]] [[zh-min-nan:Argentina]] 1468 13061 2006-12-22T08:27:31Z Escarbot 175 robot Modifying: [[sr:Салвадор]] '''एल-साल्वाडोर''' उत्तर-अमेरिका-महाद्वीपे मध्यक्षेत्रे ‍देश: अस्‍ति. ===संबद्घ विषया:=== ===External links=== * [http://www.rsf.fr/article.php3?id_article=4116 world-wide press freedom index] Rank 33 out of 139 countries (2 way tie) [[an:El Salvador]] [[ar:إلسلفادور]] [[bg:Ел Салвадор]] [[bo:སར་ཝ་དོར]] [[bs:El Salvador]] [[ca:El Salvador]] [[cs:Salvador]] [[da:El Salvador]] [[de:El Salvador]] [[el:Ελ Σαλβαδόρ]] [[en:El Salvador]] [[eo:Salvadoro]] [[es:El Salvador]] [[et:El Salvador]] [[eu:El Salvador]] [[fa:السالوادور]] [[fi:El Salvador]] [[fr:Salvador]] [[frp:Salvador]] [[gl:O Salvador - El Salvador]] [[he:אל סלוודור]] [[hi:एल-साल्वाडोर]] [[hr:Salvador]] [[hu:Salvador]] [[ia:El Salvador]] [[id:El Salvador]] [[ilo:El Salvador]] [[io:Salvadoria]] [[is:El Salvador]] [[it:El Salvador]] [[ja:エルサルバドル]] [[ka:სალვადორი]] [[ko:엘살바도르]] [[ku:El Salvador]] [[kw:El Salvador]] [[lt:Salvadoras]] [[lv:Salvadora (valsts)]] [[mk:Ел Салвадор]] [[ms:El Salvador]] [[na:El Salvador]] [[nds:El Salvador]] [[nl:El Salvador]] [[nn:El Salvador]] [[no:El Salvador]] [[oc:El Salvador]] [[pam:El Salvador]] [[pl:Salwador]] [[ps:اېلسلوادور]] [[pt:El Salvador]] [[ro:El Salvador]] [[ru:Сальвадор]] [[sh:Salvador]] [[simple:El Salvador]] [[sk:Salvádor]] [[sl:Salvador]] [[sq:Salvadori]] [[sr:Салвадор]] [[sv:El Salvador]] [[sw:El Salvador]] [[th:ประเทศเอลซัลวาดอร์]] [[tl:El Salvador]] [[tr:El Salvador]] [[ug:سالۋادور]] [[uk:Сальвадор]] [[vi:El Salvador]] [[vo:Salvadorän]] [[zh:萨尔瓦多]] [[zh-min-nan:El Salvador]] 1469 6628 2004-10-03T14:33:13Z 65.0.107.166 '''ग्वाटेमाला''' उत्तर-अमेरिका-महाद्वीपे मध्यक्षेत्रे ‍देश: अस्‍ति. संबद्घ विषया: == External links == *[http://www.mayaspirit.com.gt/ Maya Spirit] *[http://www.guatemalatravel.com/ Guatemala Travel] *[http://www.guate.cjb.net Guatemala Website Directory] *[http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/gt.html World Factbook entry for Guatemala] [[en:Guatemala]] 1470 12959 2006-12-18T22:55:39Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: frp, sw Modifying: th, uk '''निकारगुवा''' उत्तर-अमेरिका-महाद्वीपे मध्यक्षेत्रे ‍देश: अस्‍ति. Colonized by Spain in 1524, Nicaragua achieved independence as an independent state in 1821 and joined the United Provinces of Central America. It separated from the federation in 1838, becoming a completely sovereign republic in 1854. The nation's early history was strongly influenced by military U.S. interventions and marred by lengthy periods of military dictatorship, the most infamous being the rule of the Somoza family (supported by U.S. goverments) for much of the early 20th century. In 1979 the Somoza family was deposed, and a multi-factional coalition took control of the government. Conflicts within the coalition eventually resulted in power being consolidated by Daniel Ortega, who was elected President (in elections marred by opposition refusal to participate) in 1984. Ortega and his Sandinista followers implemented a series of ambitious socialist reforms to the country, but the new president's rule was undermined by increasing civil war in which the United States, under President Ronald Reagan, funded rebel forces, called Contras. Multi-party elections were held in 1990, and the country has retained a fairly stable democracy since then ==Art== *[http://www.yoyita.com Atelier yoyita] *[http://www.artenicaraguense.com Arte Nicaraguense] *[http://www.yoyita.com/Mauricio.htm Mauricio Rizo] संबद्घ विषया: [[an:Nicaragua]] [[ar:نيكاراجوا]] [[bg:Никарагуа]] [[bs:Nikaragva]] [[ca:Nicaragua]] [[cs:Nikaragua]] [[da:Nicaragua]] [[de:Nicaragua]] [[el:Νικαράγουα]] [[en:Nicaragua]] [[eo:Nikaragvo]] [[es:Nicaragua]] [[et:Nicaragua]] [[eu:Nikaragua]] [[fa:نیکاراگوآ]] [[fi:Nicaragua]] [[fr:Nicaragua]] [[frp:Nicaragoa]] [[gl:Nicaragua]] [[he:ניקרגואה]] [[hr:Nikaragva]] [[ht:Nikaragwa]] [[hu:Nicaragua]] [[ia:Nicaragua]] [[id:Nikaragua]] [[ilo:Nicaragua]] [[io:Nikaragua]] [[is:Níkaragva]] [[it:Nicaragua]] [[ja:ニカラグア]] [[ka:ნიკარაგუა]] [[ko:니카라과]] [[ks:Nikāraguvā]] [[kw:Nikaragwa]] [[la:Nicaragua]] [[lt:Nikaragva]] [[lv:Nikaragva]] [[mk:Никарагва]] [[ms:Nicaragua]] [[nah:Nicānāhuac]] [[nds:Nicaragua]] [[nl:Nicaragua]] [[nn:Nicaragua]] [[no:Nicaragua]] [[oc:Nicaragua]] [[pam:Nicaragua]] [[pl:Nikaragua]] [[pt:Nicarágua]] [[ro:Nicaragua]] [[ru:Никарагуа]] [[scn:Nicaragua]] [[sh:Nikaragva]] [[simple:Nicaragua]] [[sk:Nikaragua]] [[sl:Nikaragva]] [[sq:Nikaragua]] [[sr:Никарагва]] [[sv:Nicaragua]] [[sw:Nikaragua]] [[tg:Никарагуа]] [[th:ประเทศนิการากัว]] [[tl:Nicaragua]] [[tr:Nikaragua]] [[uk:Нікарагуа]] [[vi:Nicaragua]] [[zh:尼加拉瓜]] [[zh-min-nan:Nicaragua]] 1471 6630 2004-10-05T22:36:24Z 130.39.222.122 '''सेंट विन्सेंट''' उत्तर-अमेरिका-महाद्वीपे केरिबियन-क्षेत्रे ‍देश: अस्‍ति. is an island in the Caribbean, part of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. It is located in the Caribbean Sea, north of Trinidad and Tobago. It was disputed territory between France and the United Kingdom in the 18th century, but was ceded to the UK in 1783. It gained independence as late as 1979. Kingstown (population 19,300) is the chief port of the island. संबद्घ विषया: [[en:St Vincent]] 1472 6631 2004-10-05T22:35:08Z 130.39.222.122 '''सेंट लूसिया''' उत्तर-अमेरिका-महाद्वीपे केरिबियन-क्षेत्रे ‍देश: अस्‍ति. संबद्घ विषया: == External links == * [http://www.stlucia.gov.lc/ Official Website of the Government of Saint Lucia] * [http://www.stlucia.org/ Portal of the Saint Lucia Tourist Board] * [http://www.geographia.com/st-lucia/ Saint Lucia - Simply Beautiful] * [http://www.copcity.com/anthems/st_lucia.html National anthem] [[en:St Lucia]] 1473 12983 2006-12-19T00:32:20Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: an, bg, bs, el, eu, fa, frp, kw, oc, ps, sh, simple, sr, sw, th Modifying: ru '''सेंट किट्स''' उत्तर-अमेरिका-महाद्वीपे केरिबियन-क्षेत्रे ‍देश: अस्‍ति. संबद्घ विषया: [[an:San Cristofo y Nieus]] [[bg:Сент Китс и Невис]] [[bs:Sveti Kristofor i Nevis]] [[ca:Saint Kitts i Nevis]] [[cs:Svatý Kryštof a Nevis]] [[da:Saint Kitts og Nevis]] [[de:St. Kitts und Nevis]] [[el:Άγιος Χριστόφορος και Νέβις]] [[en:Saint Kitts and Nevis]] [[eo:Sankta Kristofo kaj Neviso]] [[es:San Cristóbal y Nieves]] [[et:Saint Kitts ja Nevis]] [[eu:Saint Kitts eta Nevis]] [[fa:سنت کیتس و نویس]] [[fi:Saint Kitts ja Nevis]] [[fr:Saint-Christophe-et-Niévès]] [[frp:Sant-Cretôflle-et-Nievès]] [[gl:Saint Kitts e Nevis]] [[he:סנט קיטס ונוויס]] [[hr:Sveti Kristofor i Nevis]] [[hu:Saint Kitts és Nevis]] [[id:Saint Kitts dan Nevis]] [[io:St Kitts-Nevis]] [[is:Sankti Kristófer og Nevis]] [[it:Saint Kitts e Nevis]] [[ja:セントクリストファー・ネイビス]] [[ko:세인트키츠 네비스]] [[kw:Sen Kitts ha Nevis]] [[lt:Sent Kitsas ir Nevis]] [[nds:St. Kitts un Nevis]] [[nl:Saint Kitts en Nevis]] [[nn:Saint Kitts og Nevis]] [[no:Saint Kitts og Nevis]] [[oc:Sant Cristòl e Nieves]] [[pl:Saint Kitts i Nevis]] [[ps:سېنټ کېټس او نېويس]] [[pt:Saint Kitts e Nevis]] [[ro:Sfântul Kitts şi Nevis]] [[ru:Сент-Китс и Невис]] [[sh:Sveti Kristofor i Nevis]] [[simple:Saint Kitts and Nevis]] [[sk:Svätý Krištof (štát)]] [[sl:Saint Kitts in Nevis]] [[sq:Saint Kits dhe Nevis]] [[sr:Свети Китс и Невис]] [[sv:Saint Christopher och Nevis]] [[sw:Saint Kitts na Nevis]] [[th:ประเทศเซนต์คิตส์และเนวิส]] [[tl:Saint Kitts at Nevis]] [[uk:Сент-Кітс і Невіс]] [[zh:聖克里斯多福與尼維斯]] [[zh-min-nan:Sèng Kitts kap Nevis]] 1474 12567 2006-12-10T05:25:26Z Zwobot 86 robot Adding: an, ar, bg, bn, bs, ca, cs, da, de, el, en, eo, es, et, eu, fa, fi, fr, gl, he, hr, hu, ia, id, io, is, it, ja, ka, ko, ks, ku, kw, lt, lv, mk, ms, na, nds, nl, nn, no, oc, pl, pt, ro, ru, sh, simple, sk, sl, sq, sr, sv, th, tl, tr, ug [[an:Barbados]] [[ar:بربادوس]] [[bg:Барбадос]] [[bn:বার্বাডোস]] [[bs:Barbados]] [[ca:Barbados]] [[cs:Barbados]] [[da:Barbados]] [[de:Barbados]] [[el:Μπαρμπάντος]] [[en:Barbados]] [[eo:Barbado]] [[es:Barbados]] [[et:Barbados]] [[eu:Barbados]] [[fa:باربادوس]] [[fi:Barbados]] [[fr:Barbade]] [[gl:Barbados]] [[he:ברבדוס]] [[hr:Barbados]] [[hu:Barbados]] [[ia:Barbados]] [[id:Barbados]] [[io:Barbados]] [[is:Barbados]] [[it:Barbados]] [[ja:バルバドス]] [[ka:ბარბადოსი]] [[ko:바베이도스]] [[ks:बार्बाडोस]] [[ku:Barbados]] [[kw:Barbados]] [[lt:Barbadosas]] [[lv:Barbadosa]] [[mk:Барбадос]] [[ms:Barbados]] [[na:Barbados]] [[nds:Barbados]] [[nl:Barbados]] [[nn:Barbados]] [[no:Barbados]] [[oc:Barbada]] [[pl:Barbados]] [[pt:Barbados]] [[ro:Barbados]] [[ru:Барбадос]] [[sh:Barbados]] [[simple:Barbados]] [[sk:Barbados]] [[sl:Barbados]] [[sq:Barbadosi]] [[sr:Барбадос]] [[sv:Barbados]] [[th:ประเทศบาร์เบโดส]] [[tl:Barbados]] [[tr:Barbados]] [[ug:باربادوس]] [[uk:Барбадос]] [[wa:Barbåde]] [[zh:巴巴多斯]] [[zh-min-nan:Barbados]] 1475 6634 2004-09-29T02:06:41Z 65.0.125.231 '''मेक्सिको''' उत्तर-अमेरिका-महाद्वीपे क्षेत्रे ‍देश: अस्‍ति. अस्‍य उत्तरे संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका देश: अस्‍ति. राजधानी - [[मेक्‍सिको नगर]]. भाषा - [[स्‍पेनी]]. ===संबद्घ विषया:=== *[[केनकून]] 1476 12560 2006-12-10T04:35:56Z Zwobot 86 robot Adding: frp, hy, ia, jv, lij, pam, rm, sw, tg '''बेलीज''' उत्तर अमेरिका महाद्वीपे मध्‍यक्षेत्रे एक: देश: अस्‍ति. संबद्घ विषया: == External links == *[http://www.belize.gov.bz Government of Belize] - Official governmental site *[http://www.belize.net/ Belize.Net] - Belizean portal *[http://www.world-gazetteer.com/s/p_bz.htm Map] [[an:Belize]] [[ar:بليز]] [[ast:Belice]] [[bg:Белиз]] [[bn:বেলিজ]] [[bs:Beliz]] [[ca:Belize]] [[cs:Belize]] [[da:Belize]] [[de:Belize]] [[el:Μπελίζε]] [[en:Belize]] [[eo:Belizo]] [[es:Belice]] [[et:Belize]] [[eu:Belize]] [[fa:بلیز]] [[fi:Belize]] [[fr:Belize]] [[frp:Belize]] [[gl:Belice - Belize]] [[he:בליז]] [[hr:Belize]] [[ht:Beliz]] [[hu:Belize]] [[hy:Բելիզ]] [[ia:Belize]] [[id:Belize]] [[io:Belize]] [[is:Belís]] [[it:Belize]] [[ja:ベリーズ]] [[jv:Belize]] [[ko:벨리즈]] [[ks:बेलीज]] [[kw:Belisa]] [[lij:Belize]] [[lt:Belizas]] [[lv:Beliza]] [[mk:Белизе]] [[ms:Belize]] [[na:Belize]] [[nah:Huēyicopan]] [[nds:Belize]] [[nl:Belize (land)]] [[nn:Belize]] [[no:Belize]] [[oc:Belize]] [[pam:Belize]] [[pl:Belize]] [[pt:Belize]] [[rm:Belize]] [[ro:Belize]] [[ru:Белиз]] [[scn:Belizi]] [[sh:Belize]] [[simple:Belize]] [[sk:Belize (štát)]] [[sl:Belize]] [[sq:Beliza]] [[sr:Белизе]] [[sv:Belize]] [[sw:Belize]] [[tg:Белиз]] [[th:ประเทศเบลีซ]] [[tl:Belize]] [[tr:Belize]] [[ug:بېلىز]] [[uk:Беліз]] [[zh:伯利兹]] [[zh-min-nan:Belize]] 1477 10525 2006-05-14T04:22:13Z DaGizza 117 stub '''डोमोनिकन रिपब्लिक''' [[उत्तर-अमेरिका]]-महाद्वीपे केरिबियन-क्षेत्रे ‍देश: अस्‍ति. संबद्घ विषया: [[en:Dominican Republic]] [[ks:डोमोनिकन रिपब्लिक]] {{stub}} 1478 12904 2006-12-18T20:31:29Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[frp:J·amayica]], [[sw:Jamaika]] '''जमैका''' उत्तर-अमेरिका-महाद्वीपे केरिबियन-क्षेत्रे ‍देश: अस्‍ति. संबद्घ विषया: ==External links == * [http://www.cabinet.gov.jm/ Cabinet Official Website] * [http://www.jis.gov.jm/special_sections/Independence/symbols.html Jamaica national symbols] * [http://www.visitjamaica.com/ Jamaica Tourist Board Official Website] [[an:Chamaica]] [[ar:جامايكا]] [[ast:Xamaica]] [[az:Yamayka]] [[be:Ямайка]] [[bg:Ямайка]] [[bn:জামাইকা]] [[bo:ཡ་མས་ཁ]] [[bs:Jamajka]] [[ca:Jamaica]] [[cs:Jamajka]] [[cy:Jamaica]] [[da:Jamaica]] [[de:Jamaika]] [[el:Τζαμάικα]] [[en:Jamaica]] [[eo:Jamajko]] [[es:Jamaica]] [[et:Jamaica]] [[eu:Jamaika]] [[fa:جامائیکا]] [[fi:Jamaika]] [[fr:Jamaïque]] [[frp:J·amayica]] [[gl:Xamaica - Jamaica]] [[he:ג'מייקה]] [[hr:Jamajka]] [[hu:Jamaica]] [[id:Jamaika]] [[io:Jamaika]] [[is:Jamaíka]] [[it:Giamaica]] [[ja:ジャマイカ]] [[ko:자메이카]] [[ks:जमैका]] [[ku:Jamaîka]] [[kw:Jamayka]] [[la:Iamaica]] [[lt:Jamaika]] [[lv:Jamaika]] [[mk:Јамајка]] [[ms:Jamaika]] [[na:Jamaica]] [[nds:Jamaika]] [[nl:Jamaica]] [[nn:Jamaica]] [[no:Jamaica]] [[oc:Jamaica]] [[pl:Jamajka]] [[ps:جمايکا]] [[pt:Jamaica]] [[ro:Jamaica]] [[ru:Ямайка]] [[scn:Giamaica]] [[sh:Jamajka]] [[simple:Jamaica]] [[sk:Jamajka]] [[sl:Jamajka]] [[sq:Xhamajka]] [[sr:Јамајка]] [[sv:Jamaica]] [[sw:Jamaika]] [[th:ประเทศจาเมกา]] [[tl:Jamaica]] [[tr:Jamaika]] [[ug:يامايكا]] [[uk:Ямайка]] [[vi:Jamaica]] [[vo:Camekeän]] [[zh:牙买加]] [[zh-min-nan:Jamaica]] 1479 6638 2004-10-03T17:08:15Z 65.0.107.166 '''डोमोनिका''' उत्तर-अमेरिका-महाद्वीपे केरिबियन-क्षेत्रे ‍देश: अस्‍ति. संबद्घ विषया: [[en:Dominica]] [[ks:डोमोनिका]] 1480 12871 2006-12-18T17:32:08Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[frp:Honduras]], [[sw:Honduras]] '''हांडूरस''' उत्तर-अमेरिका-महाद्वीपे -क्षेत्रे ‍देश: अस्‍ति. संबद्घ विषया: {{stub}} [[an:Onduras]] [[ar:هندوراس]] [[az:Honduras]] [[be:Гандурас]] [[bg:Хондурас]] [[bo:ཧོང་དུ་ར་སི]] [[bs:Honduras]] [[ca:Hondures]] [[cs:Honduras]] [[da:Honduras]] [[de:Honduras]] [[el:Ονδούρα]] [[en:Honduras]] [[eo:Honduro]] [[es:Honduras]] [[et:Honduras]] [[eu:Honduras]] [[fa:هندوراس]] [[fi:Honduras]] [[fr:Honduras]] [[frp:Honduras]] [[ga:Hondúras]] [[gl:Honduras]] [[he:הונדורס]] [[hr:Honduras]] [[ht:Ondiras]] [[hu:Honduras]] [[ia:Honduras]] [[id:Honduras]] [[ilo:Honduras]] [[io:Honduras]] [[is:Hondúras]] [[it:Honduras]] [[ja:ホンジュラス]] [[ka:ჰონდურასი]] [[ko:온두라스]] [[ku:Hondûras]] [[kw:Hondouras]] [[la:Honduria]] [[lt:Hondūras]] [[lv:Hondurasa]] [[mk:Хондурас]] [[ms:Honduras]] [[na:Honduras]] [[nds:Honduras]] [[nl:Honduras]] [[nn:Honduras]] [[no:Honduras]] [[oc:Honduras]] [[pam:Honduras]] [[pl:Honduras]] [[ps:هندوراس]] [[pt:Honduras]] [[ro:Honduras]] [[ru:Гондурас]] [[sh:Honduras]] [[simple:Honduras]] [[sk:Honduras]] [[sl:Honduras]] [[sq:Hondurasi]] [[sr:Хондурас]] [[sv:Honduras]] [[sw:Honduras]] [[tg:Ҳондурас]] [[th:ประเทศฮอนดูรัส]] [[tl:Honduras]] [[tr:Honduras]] [[ug:ھوندۇراس]] [[uk:Гондурас]] [[vi:Honduras]] [[zh:洪都拉斯]] [[zh-min-nan:Honduras]] 1481 13004 2006-12-19T02:56:34Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[frp:Èquator (payis)]] '''एक्वाडोर''' दक्षिण-अमेरिका-महाद्वीपे -क्षेत्रे ‍देश: अस्‍ति. राजधानी - [[क्विटो]] ===संबद्घ विषया:=== == External link == *[http://www.darwinadventure.com/galapagos-geography.htm Galapagos] * [http://www.tiwy.com/pais/ecuador/quito/eng.phtml क्विटो] *[http://www.ecuadors.org/rainforest/ एक्वाडोर] *[http://www.galapagocruise.com/geology.html Galapagos, Ecuador] [[af:Ecuador]] [[an:Ecuador]] [[ar:إكوادور]] [[ast:Ecuador]] [[bat-smg:Ekvaduors]] [[be:Эквадор]] [[bg:Еквадор]] [[bo:ཨེ་ཁྲ་དོར]] [[bs:Ekvador]] [[ca:Equador]] [[cs:Ekvádor]] [[da:Ecuador]] [[de:Ecuador]] [[el:Ισημερινός (χώρα)]] [[en:Ecuador]] [[eo:Ekvadoro]] [[es:Ecuador]] [[et:Ecuador]] [[eu:Ekuador]] [[fa:اکوادور]] [[fi:Ecuador]] [[fr:Équateur (pays)]] [[frp:Èquator (payis)]] [[ga:Eacuadór]] [[gl:Ecuador]] [[he:אקוודור]] [[hr:Ekvador]] [[ht:Ekwatè]] [[hu:Ecuador]] [[ia:Ecuador]] [[id:Ekuador]] [[ilo:Ecuador]] [[io:Equador]] [[is:Ekvador]] [[it:Ecuador]] [[ja:エクアドル]] [[ka:ეკვადორი]] [[ko:에콰도르]] [[kw:Pow Ekwadorel]] [[la:Aequatoria]] [[lt:Ekvadoras]] [[lv:Ekvadora]] [[mk:Еквадор]] [[ms:Ecuador]] [[na:Ekwador]] [[nds:Ecuador]] [[nl:Ecuador]] [[nn:Ecuador]] [[no:Ecuador]] [[oc:Eqüator (país)]] [[os:Эквадор]] [[pam:Ecuador]] [[pl:Ekwador]] [[ps:اېکوادور]] [[pt:Equador]] [[qu:Ikwadur]] [[ro:Ecuador]] [[ru:Эквадор]] [[sh:Ekvador]] [[simple:Ecuador]] [[sk:Ekvádor]] [[sl:Ekvador]] [[sq:Ekuadori]] [[sr:Еквадор]] [[sv:Ecuador]] [[sw:Ekuador]] [[ta:ஈக்குடோர்]] [[tet:Ekuadór]] [[tg:Экуадор]] [[th:ประเทศเอกวาดอร์]] [[tl:Ecuador]] [[tr:Ekvador]] [[ug:ئېكۋادور]] [[uk:Еквадор]] [[vi:Ecuador]] [[yi:עקוואדאר]] [[zh:厄瓜多尔]] [[zh-min-nan:Ecuador]] 1482 12953 2006-12-18T22:46:06Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[frp:Oman]], [[sw:Omani]] '''ओमान''' एशिया-महाद्वीपे -क्षेत्रे ‍देश: अस्‍ति. संबद्घ विषया: == External links == *[http://www.omanet.om/ Omani Ministry of Information] *[http://www.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/middle_east/oman/history.htm Oman by Lonely Planet] *[http://www.edwebproject.org/oman-dubai/ Andy Carvin's Oman Photo Gallery] [[an:Omán]] [[ang:Oman]] [[ar:عُمان]] [[arc:ܥܘܡܢ]] [[ast:Omán]] [[be:Аман]] [[bg:Оман]] [[bs:Oman]] [[ca:Oman]] [[cs:Omán]] [[cy:Oman]] [[da:Oman]] [[de:Oman]] [[el:Ομάν]] [[en:Oman]] [[eo:Omano]] [[es:Omán]] [[et:Omaan]] [[eu:Oman]] [[fa:عمان]] [[fi:Oman]] [[fr:Oman]] [[frp:Oman]] [[fy:Oman]] [[gl:Omán - عُمان]] [[he:עומן]] [[hr:Oman]] [[ht:Omàn]] [[hu:Omán]] [[hy:Օման]] [[id:Oman]] [[ilo:Oman]] [[io:Oman]] [[is:Óman]] [[it:Oman]] [[ja:オマーン]] [[ko:오만]] [[ks:ओमान]] [[ku:Oman]] [[kw:Oman]] [[li:Omaan]] [[lt:Omanas]] [[lv:Omāna]] [[mk:Оман]] [[ms:Oman]] [[nds:Oman]] [[nl:Oman]] [[nn:Oman]] [[no:Oman]] [[oc:Oman]] [[os:Оман]] [[pam:Oman]] [[pl:Oman]] [[pt:Omã]] [[ro:Oman]] [[ru:Оман]] [[sh:Oman]] [[simple:Oman]] [[sk:Omán]] [[sl:Oman]] [[sq:Omani]] [[sr:Оман]] [[sv:Oman]] [[sw:Omani]] [[ta:ஓமன்]] [[th:ประเทศโอมาน]] [[tl:Oman]] [[tr:Umman]] [[ug:ئومان]] [[uk:Оман]] [[uz:Omon]] [[vi:Oman]] [[vo:Lomän]] [[zh:阿曼]] [[zh-min-nan:Oman]] 1483 11324 2006-09-24T23:13:47Z DaGizza 117 rmv '''चीन''' एशिया-महाद्वीपे ‍देश: अस्‍ति. राजधानी - [[बेजिंग]]. ===संबद्घ विषया:=== *[[हांग-कांग]] *[[तैवान]] *[[तिब‍त]] == External links == * [http://www.chinawire.org ChinaWire] * [http://50.1911encyclopedia.org/C/CH/CHINA.htm 1911 EB "China"] * [http://www.chinapictures.org/ China Pictures] * [http://sun.sino.uni-heidelberg.de/igcs/ Internet Guide for Chinese Studies: WWW Virtual Library] * [http://www.asinah.net/chinaprovinces.html Provinces of China] * [http://www.ericdigests.org/pre-9218/china.htm Teaching about China] * [http://www.dmoz.org/Regional/Asia/China/ China Directory at Open Directory Project] [[en:China]] [[ks:चीन]] 1484 13066 2006-12-23T06:41:26Z Escarbot 175 robot Adding: eo, lt, ru, sk, sl, sr, sv, zh '''टिमोर''' एशिया-महाद्वीपे -क्षेत्रे ‍देश: अस्‍ति. Timor is an island at the south of the Malay Archipelago, divided between the independent state of East Timor, and West Timor, part of the Indonesian province of Nusa Tenggara Timur. The name is a variant of timur, Malay for "east"; it is so called because it is at the east end of a chain of islands. संबद्घ विषया: [[da:Timor]] [[de:Timor]] [[en:Timor]] [[eo:Timoro]] [[es:Timor]] [[et:Timor]] [[fi:Timor]] [[fr:Timor]] [[id:Timor]] [[it:Timor]] [[ja:ティモール島]] [[ko:티모르 섬]] [[ks:टिमोर]] [[lt:Timoras (sala)]] [[nl:Timor]] [[no:Timor]] [[pl:Timor]] [[pt:Timor]] [[ru:Тимор]] [[sk:Timor]] [[sl:Timor]] [[sr:Тимор]] [[sv:Timor]] [[zh:帝汶]] [[zh-min-nan:Timor]] 1485 12793 2006-12-17T20:30:17Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[frp:Birmanie]] '''म्यन्मार''' एशिया-महाद्वीपे -क्षेत्रे ‍देश: अस्‍ति. संबद्घ विषया: == External links == * [http://social.chass.ncsu.edu/jouvert/v7i2/hicrev.htm The Iron Road] * [http://www.HavenWorks.com/world/burma Burma News Myanmar News] * [http://www.freeburma.org www.freeburma.org] [[als:Myanmar]] [[an:Myanmar]] [[ar:ميانمار]] [[ast:Myanmar]] [[bg:Мианмар]] [[bn:মায়ানমার]] [[bs:Mjanmar]] [[ca:Birmània]] [[cs:Myanmar]] [[cy:Myanmar]] [[da:Burma]] [[de:Myanmar]] [[el:Μυανμάρ]] [[en:Myanmar]] [[eo:Birmo]] [[es:Myanmar]] [[et:Myanmar]] [[eu:Birmania]] [[fa:میانمار]] [[fi:Myanmar]] [[fr:Myanmar]] [[frp:Birmanie]] [[fy:Birma]] [[gd:Myanmar]] [[gl:Myanmar - ဴမန္မာ]] [[he:מיאנמר]] [[hr:Mianmar]] [[ht:Bimani]] [[hu:Mianmar]] [[ia:Myanmar]] [[id:Myanmar]] [[ilo:Myanmar]] [[io:Myanmar]] [[is:Mjanmar]] [[it:Birmania]] [[ja:ミャンマー]] [[ka:მიანმარი]] [[ko:미얀마]] [[ks:म्‍यन्मार]] [[ku:Myanmar]] [[kw:Byrmani]] [[ky:Мьянма]] [[la:Birmania]] [[li:Börma]] [[lt:Mianmaras]] [[lv:Mjanma]] [[mk:Мијанмар]] [[ms:Myanmar]] [[my:ပ္ရည္‌ထောင္‌စုမ္ရန္‌မာနိုင္‌ငံတော္‌]] [[nds:Myanmar]] [[nl:Myanmar]] [[nn:Myanmar]] [[no:Burma]] [[oc:Birmania]] [[pam:Myanmar]] [[pl:Birma]] [[pt:Myanmar]] [[ro:Myanmar]] [[ru:Мьянма]] [[scn:Burma]] [[sh:Mianmar]] [[simple:Myanmar]] [[sk:Mjanmarsko]] [[sl:Mjanmar]] [[sq:Birmania]] [[sr:Мијанмар]] [[sv:Burma]] [[tet:Birmánia]] [[tg:Мянма]] [[th:ประเทศพม่า]] [[tl:Myanmar]] [[tr:Myanmar]] [[ug:بىرما]] [[uk:М'янма]] [[vi:Myanma]] [[zh:缅甸]] [[zh-min-nan:Biān-tián]] 1486 6645 2004-10-05T22:47:48Z 130.39.222.122 '''सोलोमन-द्वीप''' प्रशान्‍त महासागरे मध्‍ये देश: अस्‍ति. सम्‍बद्घ विषय: == External links == * [http://www.commerce.gov.sb/ Government of the Solomon Islands] * [http://www.southpacific.org/text/finding_solomons.html Finding Solomon Islands] * [http://www.mapsouthpacific.com/solomons/index.html Map of the Solomon Islands] [[en:Solomon Islands]] 1487 11086 2006-08-18T22:43:16Z Escarbot 175 robot Adding: an, ar, el, gl, kw, oc, sh, ug, vo Modifying: sk '''समोआ''' प्रशान्‍त महासागरे मध्‍ये देश: अस्‍ति. सम्‍बद्घ विषय: == External Links == *[http://www.mapsouthpacific.com/samoa/index.html Map of Samoa] *[http://www.southpacific.org/text/upolu.html Finding Samoa] *[http://www.visitsamoa.ws/ Samoa Tourism Authority] [[an:Samoa]] [[ar:ساموا]] [[bg:Самоа]] [[ca:Samoa]] [[cs:Samoa]] [[da:Samoa]] [[de:Samoa]] [[el:Σαμόα]] [[en:Samoa]] [[eo:Samoo]] [[es:Samoa]] [[et:Samoa]] [[eu:Samoa]] [[fa:ساموآ]] [[fi:Samoa]] [[fr:Samoa]] [[gl:Samoa]] [[he:סמואה]] [[hr:Samoa]] [[hu:Szamoa]] [[id:Samoa]] [[io:Samoa]] [[is:Samóa]] [[it:Samoa]] [[ja:サモア]] [[ko:사모아]] [[kw:Samoa]] [[lt:Samoa]] [[lv:Samoa]] [[mi:Hamoa]] [[mk:Самоа]] [[ms:Samoa]] [[nds:Samoa]] [[nl:Samoa]] [[nn:Samoa]] [[no:Samoa]] [[oc:Samoa]] [[pl:Samoa]] [[pt:Samoa]] [[ro:Samoa]] [[ru:Самоа]] [[sh:Samoa]] [[simple:Samoa]] [[sk:Samoa (nezávislý štát)]] [[sl:Samoa]] [[sm:Samoa]] [[sq:Samoa]] [[sv:Samoa]] [[th:ประเทศซามัว]] [[tl:Samoa]] [[to:Samoa]] [[tr:Bağımsız Samoa Devleti]] [[ug:ساموئا]] [[uk:Самоа]] [[vo:Samoeäns]] [[zh:萨摩亚]] [[zh-min-nan:Samoa]] 1488 6647 2004-10-05T22:19:49Z 130.39.222.122 '''वनुवाटु''' प्रशान्‍त महासागरे मध्‍ये देश: अस्‍ति. सम्‍बद्घ विषय: [[en:Vanuvatu]] 1489 6648 2004-10-04T21:52:31Z 130.39.222.122 '''मैक्रोनीशिया''' प्रशान्‍त महासागरे मध्‍ये एक: लघु देश: अस्‍ति. सम्‍बद्घ विषय: == External links == * [http://www.mapsouthpacific.com/micronesia/index.html Map of Micronesia] * [http://www.southpacific.org/micro.html Moon Handbooks Micronesia] * [http://www.mymicronesia.com/ myMicronesia.com] [[en:Micronesia]] [[ks:मैक्रोनीशिया]] 1490 6649 2004-09-29T01:33:03Z 65.0.125.231 प्रशान्‍त महासागरे मध्‍ये देश: अस्‍ति. सम्‍बद्घ विषय: 1491 6650 2004-10-04T15:32:37Z 130.39.222.122 '''न्यू-जीलैंड''' प्रशान्‍त महासागरे मध्‍ये देश: अस्‍ति. राजधानी - [[वेलिंगटन]] ===सम्‍बद्घ विषय:=== *[[माओरी]] ==External links== * [http://www.govt.nz/ Government] * [http://www.purenz.com/ Tourism] * [http://www.vnz.co.nz/photos/ Photos] * [http://nz.com/ Information] * [http://nzmusic.com/ Music (current)] * [http://www.stats.govt.nz/ Official Statistics] [[en:New Zealand]] [[ks:न्यू-जीलैंड]] 1492 6651 2004-10-05T23:54:03Z Murtasa 17 '''नौरु''' प्रशान्‍त महासागरे मध्‍ये द्वीपदेश: अस्‍ति. सम्‍बद्घ विषय: == External links == * [http://www.spc.int Secretariat of the Pacific Community] - Official site of the Pacific Community * [http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/nr.html CIA World Factbook] - Information and statistics * [http://www.janeresture.com/nauru_home/ http://www.janeresture.com/nauru_home/] * [http://www.vanuatu.usp.ac.fj/paclawmat/Nauru_legislation/Nauru_Constitution.html The Nauru Constitution] * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/country_profiles/1134221.stm Country Profile] BBC News * [http://www.cenpac.net.nr CenPacNet], the country's Internet service provider * [http://www.nauruembassy.org Nauruan Diplomatic Corps], '''note:''' ''This may not be an official government web site; please use the information contained with care.'' * [http://travel.yahoo.com/p-travelguide-473702-nauru_vacations-i Yahoo! Travel Informations Nauru] [[da:Nauru]] [[de:Nauru]] [[el:Ναουρού]] [[en:Nauru]] [[eo:Nauro]] [[es:Nauru]] [[fi:Naurun tasavalta]] [[fr:Nauru]] [[he:נאורו]] [[ja:ナウル]] [[ks:नौरु]] [[la:Naurum]] [[ms:Nauru]] [[na:Nauruo]] [[nl:Nauru]] [[no:Nauru]] [[pl:Nauru]] [[pt:Nauru]] [[ru:Науру]] [[simple:Nauru]] [[sl:Nauru]] [[sv:Nauru]] [[zh:瑙鲁]] 1493 6652 2004-10-03T16:47:30Z 65.0.107.166 '''टोंगा''' प्रशान्‍त महासागरे मध्‍ये देश: अस्‍ति. सम्‍बद्घ विषय: ==External links== * [http://pmo.gov.to/ Tongan Government Website] * [http://www.lands.gov.to/tiki/tiki-index.php Interactive maps of Tonga] * [http://www.mapsouthpacific.com/tonga/index.html Map of Tonga] * [http://www.southpacific.org/text/finding_tonga.html Finding Tonga] [[en:Tonga]] [[ks:टोंगा]] 1494 12998 2006-12-19T02:25:30Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: an, bg, cy, el, fa, frp, io, kw, la, oc, ps, se, sh, sr, tpi, ty, vo '''टुवालु''' प्रशान्‍त महासागरे मध्‍ये देश: अस्‍ति. सम्‍बद्घ विषय: == External links == * [http://www.tuvaluislands.com/ Tuvalu Online] * [http://www.southpacific.org/text/tuvalu.html Finding Tuvalu] * [http://www.mapsouthpacific.com/tuvalu/index.html Map of Tuvalu] [[an:Tuvalu]] [[ar:توفالو]] [[be:Тувалу]] [[bg:Тувалу]] [[ca:Tuvalu]] [[cs:Tuvalu]] [[cy:Twfalw]] [[da:Tuvalu]] [[de:Tuvalu]] [[el:Τουβαλού]] [[en:Tuvalu]] [[eo:Tuvalo]] [[es:Tuvalu]] [[et:Tuvalu]] [[eu:Tuvalu]] [[fa:تووالو]] [[fi:Tuvalu]] [[fr:Tuvalu]] [[frp:Tuvalu]] [[gl:Tuvalu]] [[he:טובאלו]] [[hr:Tuvalu]] [[hu:Tuvalu]] [[ia:Tuvalu]] [[id:Tuvalu]] [[io:Tuvalu]] [[is:Túvalúeyjar]] [[it:Tuvalu]] [[ja:ツバル]] [[ko:투발루]] [[ks:टुवालु]] [[kw:Tuvalu]] [[la:Tuvalu]] [[lt:Tuvalu]] [[lv:Tuvalu]] [[mk:Тувалу]] [[ms:Tuvalu]] [[na:Tubaru]] [[nds:Tuvalu]] [[nl:Tuvalu]] [[nn:Tuvalu]] [[no:Tuvalu]] [[oc:Tuvalu]] [[pl:Tuvalu]] [[ps:تووالو]] [[pt:Tuvalu]] [[ro:Tuvalu]] [[ru:Тувалу]] [[se:Tuvalu]] [[sh:Tuvalu]] [[simple:Tuvalu]] [[sk:Tuvalu]] [[sl:Tuvalu]] [[sq:Tuvalu]] [[sr:Тувалу]] [[sv:Tuvalu]] [[th:ประเทศตูวาลู]] [[tl:Tuvalu]] [[tpi:Tuvalu]] [[tr:Tuvalu]] [[ty:Tuvalu]] [[uk:Тувалу]] [[vo:Tuvaluäns]] [[zh:圖瓦盧]] [[zh-min-nan:Tuvalu]] 1495 6654 2004-10-05T22:43:03Z 130.39.222.122 '''सेशेल''' सिन्‍धु-महासागरे मध्‍ये देश: अस्‍ति. सम्‍बद्घ विषय: == External links == * [http://www.aspureasitgets.com/ Official tourist board info] * [http://www.virtualseychelles.sc/ official website of Seychelles] * [http://www.nation.sc/ Seychelles Nation Online] <!-- previous URL is OLD!! --> * [http://www.sey.net/ Seychelles Magic (travel)] [[en:Seychelles]] 1496 6655 2004-10-03T16:49:43Z 65.0.107.166 '''ट्रिनिडाड''' दक्षिण-अमेरिका महाद्वीपे देश: अस्‍ति. जनसंख्‍या - १.२ मिलियन. अत्र ५०% मूल- भारतीय निवसन्‍ति. राजधानी - [[पोर्ट आफ स्‍पेन]] ===सम्‍बद्घ विषय:=== *[[चगवानस]] *[[विद्याधर सूरजप्रसाद नैपाल]] *[[शिव नैपाल]] [[en:Trinidad]] [[ks:ट्रिनिडाड]] 1497 12808 2006-12-17T21:22:57Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[frp:Ch·ili]] <TABLE BORDER=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 align=right> <tr> <TD>[[Image:Bandera chileactual.jpeg|250px]]</TD> <tr> <td>[[Image:LocationChile.png|250px]]</td> <tr> <td>[[image:Ci-map.png|250px]]</td> </TABLE> '''चिले''' दक्षिण-अमेरिका महाद्वीपे देश: अस्‍ति. राजधानी - [[सान्‍तियागो]], भाषा - [[स्‍पेनी]] जनसंख्‍या - १५ मिलियन ===सम्‍बद्घ विषय:=== *[[सालवाडोर अयंदे]] ==External link== * [http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/cltoc.html Library of Congress country profile] * [http://www.chilephoto.cl/cgi-bin/chilephoto/chilephoto.cgi Pictures] [[af:Chili]] [[an:Chile]] [[ar:شيلي]] [[ast:Chile]] [[az:Çili]] [[be:Чылі]] [[bg:Чили]] [[bn:চিলি]] [[bs:Čile]] [[ca:Xile]] [[cs:Chile]] [[cv:Чили]] [[cy:Chile]] [[da:Chile]] [[de:Chile]] [[el:Χιλή]] [[en:Chile]] [[eo:Ĉilio]] [[es:Chile]] [[et:Tšiili]] [[eu:Txile]] [[fa:شیلی]] [[fi:Chile]] [[fiu-vro:Tsiili]] [[fr:Chili]] [[frp:Ch·ili]] [[ga:An tSile]] [[gl:Chile]] [[he:צ'ילה]] [[hi:चिली]] [[hr:Čile]] [[ht:Chili]] [[hu:Chile]] [[ia:Chile]] [[id:Chili]] [[ilo:Chile]] [[io:Chili]] [[is:Chile]] [[it:Cile]] [[ja:チリ]] [[ka:ჩილე]] [[kn:ಚಿಲಿ]] [[ko:칠레]] [[ks:Cilē]] [[kw:Chile]] [[la:Chilia]] [[lad:Chile]] [[lb:Chile]] [[lt:Čilė]] [[lv:Čīle]] [[mk:Чиле]] [[ms:Chile]] [[na:Chile]] [[nds:Chile]] [[nds-nl:Chili]] [[nl:Chili]] [[nn:Chile]] [[no:Chile]] [[oc:Chile]] [[pam:Chile]] [[pl:Chile]] [[ps:چېلي]] [[pt:Chile]] [[qu:Chili]] [[rm:Chile]] [[ro:Chile]] [[ru:Чили]] [[scn:Cili]] [[sh:Čile]] [[simple:Chile]] [[sk:Čile]] [[sl:Čile]] [[sq:Kili]] [[sr:Чиле]] [[sv:Chile]] [[sw:Chile]] [[ta:சிலி]] [[tet:Xile]] [[tg:Чили]] [[th:ประเทศชิลี]] [[tl:Chile]] [[tr:Şili]] [[ug:چىلى]] [[uk:Чилі]] [[vi:Chile]] [[yi:טשילע]] [[zh:智利]] [[zh-min-nan:Chile]] 1498 12896 2006-12-18T20:13:25Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Modifying: [[ar:بتسوانا]] '''बोत्सवाना''' अफ्रीका- महाद्वीपे दक्षिणे देश: अस्‍ति. Botswana adopted its new name after becoming independent on September 30, 1966. It is bordered by South Africa to the south, Namibia to the west, Zambia to the north, and Zimbabwe to the northeast. The economy, closely tied to South Africa's, is dominated by cattle raising and mining. The capital is Gaborone. सम्‍बद्घ विषय: [[af:Botswana]] [[am:ቦትስዋና]] [[an:Botsuana]] [[ang:Botswana]] [[ar:بتسوانا]] [[ast:Botsuana]] [[bg:Ботсвана]] [[bn:বতসোয়ানা]] [[bs:Bocvana]] [[ca:Botswana]] [[cs:Botswana]] [[cv:Ботсвана]] [[da:Botswana]] [[de:Botsuana]] [[el:Μποτσουάνα]] [[en:Botswana]] [[eo:Bocvano]] [[es:Botsuana]] [[et:Botswana]] [[eu:Botswana]] [[fa:بوتسوانا]] [[fi:Botswana]] [[fr:Botswana]] [[frp:Botsouana]] [[ga:An Bhotsuáin]] [[gl:República de Botsuana - Republic of Botswana]] [[he:בוטסואנה]] [[hi:बोत्सवाना]] [[hr:Bocvana]] [[ht:Botswana]] [[hu:Botswana]] [[ia:Botswana]] [[id:Botswana]] [[ilo:Botswana]] [[io:Botswana]] [[is:Botsvana]] [[it:Botswana]] [[ja:ボツワナ]] [[ka:ბოტსვანა]] [[ko:보츠와나]] [[ks:बोत्सवाना]] [[ku:Botswana]] [[kw:Botswana]] [[la:Botsuana]] [[lt:Botsvana]] [[lv:Botsvāna]] [[mk:Боцвана]] [[ms:Botswana]] [[na:Botswana]] [[nds:Botswana]] [[nl:Botswana]] [[nn:Botswana]] [[no:Botswana]] [[oc:Botswana]] [[pam:Botswana]] [[pl:Botswana]] [[ps:بوټسوانا]] [[pt:Botswana]] [[ro:Botswana]] [[ru:Ботсвана]] [[sh:Bocvana]] [[simple:Botswana]] [[sk:Botswana]] [[sl:Bocvana]] [[sq:Botsuana]] [[sr:Боцвана]] [[sv:Botswana]] [[sw:Botswana]] [[tg:Ботсвана]] [[tl:Botswana]] [[tn:Botswana]] [[tr:Botsvana Cumhuriyeti]] [[ug:بوتسۋانا]] [[uk:Ботсвана]] [[vi:Botswana]] [[zh:波札那]] [[zh-min-nan:Botswana]] [[zu:IButswana]] 1499 12806 2006-12-17T21:06:54Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[frp:Burundi]] '''बुरुंडी''' अफ्रीका- महाद्वीपे मध्‍यक्षेत्रे देश: अस्‍ति. सम्‍बद्घ विषय: ==External link== * [http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2821.htm Background Notes on Burundi] - This is the source for most of the material in this article. [[af:Burundi]] [[am:ቡሩንዲ]] [[an:Burundi]] [[ar:بوروندي]] [[ast:Burundi]] [[bg:Бурунди]] [[bn:বুরুন্ডি]] [[bs:Burundi]] [[ca:Burundi]] [[cs:Burundi]] [[da:Burundi]] [[de:Burundi]] [[el:Μπουρούντι]] [[en:Burundi]] [[eo:Burundo]] [[es:Burundi]] [[et:Burundi]] [[eu:Burundi]] [[fa:بوروندی]] [[fi:Burundi]] [[fr:Burundi]] [[frp:Burundi]] [[ga:An Bhurúin]] [[gd:Burundi]] [[gl:República de Burundi - Republika y'u Burundi]] [[he:בורונדי]] [[hr:Burundi]] [[hu:Burundi]] [[hy:Բուրունդի]] [[ia:Burundi]] [[id:Burundi]] [[ilo:Burundi]] [[io:Burundi]] [[is:Búrúndí]] [[it:Burundi]] [[ja:ブルンジ]] [[ka:ბურუნდი]] [[ko:부룬디]] [[ks:बुरुंडी]] [[ku:Bûrûndî]] [[kw:Burundi]] [[la:Burundia]] [[li:Boeroendi]] [[lt:Burundis]] [[lv:Burundi]] [[mk:Бурунди]] [[ml:ബറുണ്ടി]] [[ms:Burundi]] [[na:Burundi]] [[nds:Burundi]] [[nl:Burundi]] [[nn:Burundi]] [[no:Burundi]] [[oc:Burundi]] [[pam:Burundi]] [[pl:Burundi]] [[ps:برونډي]] [[pt:Burundi]] [[rn:Burundi]] [[ro:Burundi]] [[ru:Бурунди]] [[rw:Burundi]] [[sh:Burundi]] [[simple:Burundi]] [[sk:Burundi]] [[sl:Burundi]] [[sq:Burundi]] [[sr:Бурунди]] [[sv:Burundi]] [[sw:Burundi]] [[ta:புருண்டி]] [[tg:Бурунди]] [[th:ประเทศบุรุนดี]] [[tl:Burundi]] [[tr:Burundi]] [[ug:بۇرۇندى]] [[uk:Бурунді]] [[vi:Burundi]] [[wo:Buruundi]] [[zh:蒲隆地]] [[zh-min-nan:Burundi]] 1500 6659 2004-10-04T15:42:58Z 130.39.222.122 '''नैजीरिया''' अफ्रीका- महाद्वीपे देश: अस्‍ति. राजधानी - [[लागोस]] ===सम्‍बद्घ विषय:=== == External links == *[http://www.nigeriannation.com Nigerian Web Portal] *[http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ni.html CIA World Factbook entry on Nigeria] [[en:Nigeria]] [[ks:नैजीरिया]] 1501 12950 2006-12-18T22:39:54Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[frp:Nig·èr]] '''नीजे Niger''' अफ्रीका- महाद्वीपे देश: अस्‍ति. राजधानी - [[नियामे]], भाषा - [[फ्रेंच]], [[हौसा]] जनसंख्‍या - ११ मिलियन ===सम्‍बद्घ विषय:=== *[[हौसा भाषा]] [[af:Niger]] [[am:ኒጄር]] [[an:Nícher]] [[ar:نيجر]] [[bg:Нигер]] [[bn:নাইজার]] [[bs:Niger]] [[ca:Níger]] [[cs:Niger]] [[cy:Niger]] [[da:Niger]] [[de:Niger]] [[el:Νίγηρας]] [[en:Niger]] [[eo:Niĝero]] [[es:Níger]] [[et:Niger]] [[eu:Niger]] [[fa:نیجر]] [[fi:Niger]] [[fr:Niger]] [[frp:Nig·èr]] [[ga:An Nígir]] [[gd:Niger]] [[gl:Níxer]] [[he:ניז'ר]] [[hr:Niger]] [[hu:Niger]] [[id:Niger]] [[io:Nijer]] [[is:Níger (land)]] [[it:Niger]] [[ja:ニジェール]] [[ka:ნიგერი]] [[ko:니제르]] [[ks:नीजे]] [[ku:Nîjer]] [[kw:Pow Nijer]] [[la:Niger]] [[lt:Nigeris]] [[lv:Nigēra]] [[mk:Нигер]] [[ms:Niger]] [[nds:Republik Niger]] [[nl:Niger (land)]] [[nn:Niger]] [[no:Niger]] [[oc:Nigèr]] [[os:Нигер (паддзахад)]] [[pam:Niger]] [[pl:Niger]] [[pt:Níger]] [[ro:Niger]] [[ru:Нигер]] [[sh:Niger]] [[simple:Niger]] [[sk:Niger]] [[sl:Niger]] [[sq:Nigeri]] [[sr:Нигер]] [[sv:Niger]] [[sw:Niger]] [[ta:நைஜர்]] [[tg:Ниҷер]] [[th:ประเทศไนเจอร์]] [[tl:Niger]] [[tr:Nijer]] [[ug:نىگېر]] [[uk:Ніґер]] [[vi:Niger]] [[zh:尼日尔]] [[zh-min-nan:Niger]] 1502 12565 2006-12-10T05:07:44Z Zwobot 86 robot Adding: ast, bm, bs, cy, frp, ga, ia, ilo, ka, ku, kw, la, mk, oc, pam, ps, se, sh, simple, sw, tg, th, ug, vi, wo Modifying: ar, io, ru {{notsanskrit}} '''बुर्कीना-फासो''' अफ्रीका- महाद्वीपे देश: अस्‍ति. Formerly called Upper Volta, it was renamed in 1984 by President Thomas Sankara to mean "the land of upright people" in Mossi and Dyula, the major native languages of the country. Independence from France came in 1960. Governmental instability during the 1970s and 1980s was followed by multiparty elections in the early 1990s. Several hundred thousand farm workers migrate south every year to Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana. The capital is Ouagadougou, referred to by locals, the Burkinabé, as "Waga." सम्‍बद्घ विषय: [[af:Burkina Faso]] [[am:ቡርኪና ፋሶ]] [[an:Burkina Faso]] [[ar:بوركينا فاسو]] [[ast:Burkina Faso]] [[bg:Буркина Фасо]] [[bm:Burukina Faso]] [[bn:বুর্কিনা ফাসো]] [[bs:Burkina Faso]] [[ca:Burkina Faso]] [[cs:Burkina Faso]] [[cy:Burkina Faso]] [[da:Burkina Faso]] [[de:Burkina Faso]] [[el:Μπουρκίνα Φάσο]] [[en:Burkina Faso]] [[eo:Burkino]] [[es:Burkina Faso]] [[et:Burkina Faso]] [[eu:Burkina Faso]] [[fa:بورکینافاسو]] [[fi:Burkina Faso]] [[fr:Burkina Faso]] [[frp:Burkina Fasô]] [[ga:Buircíne Fasó]] [[gd:Burkina Faso]] [[gl:Burquina Faso - Burkina Faso]] [[he:בורקינה פאסו]] [[hr:Burkina Faso]] [[ht:Boukinafaso]] [[hu:Burkina Faso]] [[ia:Burkina Faso]] [[id:Burkina Faso]] [[ilo:Burkina Faso]] [[io:Burkina Faso]] [[is:Búrkína Fasó]] [[it:Burkina Faso]] [[ja:ブルキナファソ]] [[ka:ბურკინა ფასო]] [[ko:부르키나파소]] [[ks:बुर्कीना-फासो]] [[ku:Burkîna Faso]] [[kw:Burkina Faso]] [[la:Burcina Faso]] [[li:Burkina Faso]] [[lt:Burkina Fasas]] [[lv:Burkinafaso]] [[mk:Буркина Фасо]] [[ms:Burkina Faso]] [[na:Burkina Faso]] [[nds:Burkina Faso]] [[nl:Burkina Faso]] [[nn:Burkina Faso]] [[no:Burkina Faso]] [[oc:Burkina Faso]] [[pam:Burkina Faso]] [[pl:Burkina Faso]] [[ps:بورکينا فاسو]] [[pt:Burkina Faso]] [[ro:Burkina Faso]] [[ru:Буркина Фасо]] [[scn:Burchina Fasu]] [[se:Burkina Faso]] [[sh:Burkina Faso]] [[simple:Burkina Faso]] [[sk:Burkina]] [[sl:Burkina Faso]] [[sq:Burkina Faso]] [[sr:Буркина Фасо]] [[sv:Burkina Faso]] [[sw:Burkina Faso]] [[tg:Буркина Фасо]] [[th:ประเทศบูร์กินาฟาโซ]] [[tl:Burkina Faso]] [[tr:Burkina Faso]] [[ug:بۇركىنا فاسو]] [[uk:Буркіна Фасо]] [[vi:Burkina Faso]] [[wo:Burkina Faso]] [[zh:布吉納法索]] [[zh-min-nan:Burkina Faso]] 1503 12995 2006-12-19T02:14:49Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[frp:Togô]] '''टोगो''' अफ्रीका- महाद्वीपे देश: अस्‍ति. The Togolese Republic is a country in West Africa, bordering Ghana in the west, Benin in the east and Burkina Faso in the north. In the south, it has a small Gulf of Guinea coast, on which the capital Lomé is located. ===सम्‍बद्घ विषय:=== [[af:Togo]] [[am:ቶጎ]] [[an:Togo]] [[ar:توغو]] [[az:Toqo]] [[bg:Того]] [[bm:Togo]] [[bs:Togo]] [[ca:Togo]] [[cs:Togo]] [[cy:Togo]] [[da:Togo]] [[de:Togo]] [[el:Τόγκο]] [[en:Togo]] [[eo:Togolando]] [[es:Togo]] [[et:Togo]] [[eu:Togo]] [[fa:توگو]] [[fi:Togo]] [[fr:Togo]] [[frp:Togô]] [[gd:Togo]] [[gl:Togo]] [[he:טוגו]] [[hr:Togo]] [[ht:Togo]] [[hu:Togo]] [[id:Togo]] [[ilo:Togo]] [[io:Togo]] [[is:Tógó]] [[it:Togo]] [[ja:トーゴ]] [[ka:ტოგო]] [[ko:토고]] [[ks:टोगो]] [[ku:Togo]] [[kw:Togo]] [[la:Togum]] [[lt:Togas]] [[lv:Togo]] [[mk:Того]] [[ms:Togo]] [[nds:Togo]] [[nl:Togo]] [[nn:Togo]] [[no:Togo]] [[oc:Tògo]] [[pam:Togo]] [[pl:Togo]] [[pt:Togo]] [[rm:Togo]] [[ro:Togo]] [[ru:Того]] [[se:Togo]] [[sh:Togo]] [[simple:Togo]] [[sk:Togo]] [[sl:Togo]] [[sq:Togo]] [[sr:Того]] [[sv:Togo]] [[sw:Togo]] [[tg:Того]] [[tl:Togo]] [[tr:Togo]] [[ug:توگو]] [[uk:Тоґо]] [[uz:Togo]] [[vi:Togo]] [[zh:多哥]] [[zh-min-nan:Togo]] 1504 6663 2004-10-04T20:36:59Z 130.39.222.122 '''बेनिन''' अफ्रीका- महाद्वीपे पश्‍चिमे देश: अस्‍ति. सम्‍बद्घ विषय: == External link == *[http://www.gouv.bj/ Benin Government Portal] [[en:Benin]] [[ks:बेनिन]] 1505 11333 2006-09-28T01:00:41Z 80.21.94.11 Removed commercial web site '''सान मरीनो''' यूरोप- महाद्वीपे एक: लघु देश: अस्‍ति. सम्‍बद्घ विषय: == External links == *[http://www.visitsanmarino.com Visit San Marino] - Official San Marino Tourism Site [[an:San Marino]] [[ar:سان مارينو]] [[ast:San Marino]] [[bg:Сан Марино]] [[bs:San Marino]] [[ca:San Marino]] [[cs:San Marino]] [[cy:San Marino]] [[da:San Marino]] [[de:San Marino]] [[el:Άγιος Μαρίνος]] [[en:San Marino]] [[eo:San-Marino]] [[es:San Marino]] [[et:San Marino]] [[eu:San Marino]] [[fi:San Marino]] [[fr:Saint-Marin]] [[fy:San Marino]] [[ga:San Mairíne]] [[gl:San Mariño - San Marino]] [[he:סאן מרינו]] [[hr:San Marino]] [[hu:San Marino]] [[id:San Marino]] [[io:San Marino]] [[is:San Marínó]] [[it:San Marino]] [[ja:サンマリノ]] [[ko:산마리노]] [[li:San Marino]] [[lt:San Marinas]] [[lv:Sanmarīno]] [[mk:Сан Марино]] [[ms:San Marino]] [[nds:San Marino]] [[nl:San Marino]] [[nn:San Marino]] [[no:San Marino]] [[oc:Sant Marin]] [[pl:San Marino]] [[pt:San Marino]] [[ro:San Marino]] [[ru:Сан-Марино]] [[simple:San Marino]] [[sk:San Maríno (štát)]] [[sl:San Marino]] [[sq:San Marino]] [[sr:Сан Марино]] [[sv:San Marino]] [[th:ประเทศซานมารีโน]] [[tl:San Marino]] [[tr:San Marino]] [[uk:Сан-Марино]] [[zh:圣马力诺]] [[zh-min-nan:San Marino]] 1506 12943 2006-12-18T22:17:36Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[frp:Moldavie (payis)]], [[mo:Молдова]] '''मोल्दोवा''' यूरोप- महाद्वीपे देश: अस्‍ति. राजधानी - चिशिनौ जनसंख्‍या - ६ मिलियन ===सम्‍बद्घ विषय:=== *[[सोवियत संघ]] {{stub}} [[af:Moldawië]] [[als:Moldawien]] [[am:ሞልዶቫ]] [[an:Moldabia]] [[ar:مولدافيا]] [[arc:ܡܘܠܕܦܝܐ]] [[ast:Moldavia]] [[az:Moldova]] [[be:Малдова]] [[bg:Молдова]] [[br:Moldova]] [[bs:Moldavija]] [[ca:República de Moldàvia]] [[chr:ᎼᎸᏙᏩ]] [[cs:Moldavsko]] [[cv:Молдави]] [[cy:Moldofa]] [[da:Moldavien]] [[de:Moldawien]] [[el:Μολδαβία]] [[en:Moldova]] [[eo:Moldava Respubliko]] [[es:Moldavia]] [[et:Moldova Vabariik]] [[eu:Moldavia]] [[fa:مولداوی]] [[fi:Moldova]] [[fiu-vro:Moldova]] [[fr:République de Moldavie]] [[frp:Moldavie (payis)]] [[fy:Moldaavje]] [[ga:An Mholdóiv]] [[gl:Moldova]] [[he:מולדובה]] [[hi:मोल्दाविया]] [[hr:Moldavija]] [[ht:Moldavi]] [[hu:Moldova]] [[hy:Մոլդովա]] [[id:Moldavia]] [[io:Moldova]] [[is:Moldóva]] [[it:Moldavia]] [[ja:モルドバ]] [[ka:მოლდოვა]] [[kk:Молдова]] [[ko:몰도바]] [[kw:Moldova]] [[la:Moldavia]] [[lb:Moldawien]] [[li:Moldavië]] [[lt:Moldavija]] [[lv:Moldova]] [[mk:Молдавија]] [[mo:Молдова]] [[mt:Moldovja]] [[nds:Moldawien]] [[nds-nl:Moldavië (laand)]] [[ne:मोल्दोवा]] [[nl:Moldavië (land)]] [[nn:Moldova]] [[no:Moldova]] [[oc:Moldàvia]] [[pam:Republic of Moldova]] [[pl:Mołdawia]] [[pms:Moldavia]] [[pt:Moldávia]] [[rm:Moldavia]] [[ro:Republica Moldova]] [[roa-rup:Moldova]] [[ru:Молдавия]] [[se:Moldávia]] [[sh:Moldavija]] [[simple:Moldova]] [[sk:Moldavsko]] [[sl:Moldavija]] [[sq:Moldavia]] [[sr:Молдавија]] [[sv:Moldavien]] [[th:ประเทศมอลโดวา]] [[tl:Moldova]] [[tr:Moldova]] [[ug:مولدوۋا]] [[uk:Республіка Молдова]] [[yi:מאָלדאַװיע]] [[zh:摩尔多瓦]] [[zh-min-nan:Moldova]] [[zh-yue:摩爾多瓦]] 1507 12905 2006-12-18T20:32:33Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[mo:Беларус]], [[ru-sib:Беларусь]] '''बेलारूस''' यूरोप- महाद्वीपे देश: अस्‍ति. राजधानी - [[मिन्‍स्‍क]], भाषा - [[रूसी]], [[बेलारूसी]] जनसंख्‍या - ११ मिलियन ===सम्‍बद्घ विषय:=== *[[सोवियत संघ]] [[am:ቤላሩስ]] [[an:Belarrusia]] [[ang:Belarus]] [[ar:روسيا البيضاء]] [[arc:ܪܘܣܝܐ ܚܘܪܐ]] [[ast:Bielorrusia]] [[bat-smg:Baltarusėjė]] [[be:Беларусь]] [[bg:Беларус]] [[bn:বেলারুশ]] [[br:Byelarus]] [[bs:Bjelorusija]] [[ca:Bielorússia]] [[chr:ᏇᎳᎷᏒ]] [[cs:Bělorusko]] [[cu:Бѣла Рѹсь]] [[cv:Белоруси]] [[cy:Belarus]] [[da:Hviderusland]] [[de:Weißrussland]] [[el:Λευκορωσία]] [[en:Belarus]] [[eo:Belorusio]] [[es:Bielorrusia]] [[et:Valgevene]] [[eu:Bielorrusia]] [[fa:بلاروس]] [[fi:Valko-Venäjä]] [[fiu-vro:Valgõvinne]] [[fr:Biélorussie]] [[frp:Bièlorussie]] [[fy:Wyt-Ruslân]] [[ga:An Bhealarúis]] [[gl:Bielorrusia - Беларусь]] [[he:בלארוס]] [[hi:बेलारूस]] [[hr:Bjelorusija]] [[ht:Byelorisi]] [[hu:Fehéroroszország]] [[hy:Բելառուս]] [[ia:Bielorussia]] [[id:Belarus]] [[ilo:Belarus]] [[io:Bielorusia]] [[is:Hvíta-Rússland]] [[it:Bielorussia]] [[ja:ベラルーシ]] [[ka:ბელარუსი]] [[kk:Беларус]] [[ko:벨라루스]] [[ku:Rûsya Sipî]] [[kw:Belarussi]] [[la:Ruthenia Alba]] [[lb:Wäissrussland]] [[li:Wit-Rusland]] [[lt:Baltarusija]] [[lv:Baltkrievija]] [[mk:Белорусија]] [[mo:Беларус]] [[mr:बेलारूस]] [[ms:Belarus]] [[na:Belarus]] [[nds:Wittrussland]] [[nds-nl:Wit-Ruslaand]] [[ne:बेलारुस]] [[nl:Wit-Rusland]] [[nn:Kviterussland]] [[no:Hviterussland]] [[oc:Bielorussia]] [[pam:Belarus]] [[pl:Białoruś]] [[pms:Bielorussia]] [[pt:Bielorrússia]] [[qu:Bilarus]] [[ro:Belarus]] [[roa-rup:Arusia albã]] [[ru:Белоруссия]] [[ru-sib:Беларусь]] [[scn:Bielorussia]] [[sh:Belorusija]] [[simple:Belarus]] [[sk:Bielorusko]] [[sl:Belorusija]] [[sq:Bjellorusia]] [[sr:Белорусија]] [[sv:Vitryssland]] [[ta:பெலாரஸ்]] [[tg:Беларус]] [[th:ประเทศเบลารุส]] [[tl:Belarus]] [[tr:Beyaz Rusya]] [[ug:بېلورۇسىيە]] [[uk:Білорусь]] [[ur:بیلارس]] [[vi:Belarus]] [[yi:בעלאָרוסיע]] [[zh:白俄罗斯]] [[zh-min-nan:Belarus]] 1508 13056 2006-12-20T16:35:45Z Thijs!bot 230 robot Adding: [[bo:པེར་ཅིན]] '''बेल्जियम''' यूरोप- महाद्वीपे देश: अस्‍ति. राजधानी - [[ब्रसेल्‍स]] जनसंख्‍या - ११ मिलियन ===सम्‍बद्घ विषय:=== *[[यूरोप संघ]] [[af:België]] [[als:Belgien]] [[an:Belchica]] [[ang:Belgium]] [[ar:بلجيكا]] [[arc:ܒܠܓܝܟܐ]] [[ast:Bélxica]] [[bar:Belgien]] [[be:Бэльгія]] [[bg:Белгия]] [[bn:বেলজিয়াম]] [[bo:པེར་ཅིན]] [[br:Belgia]] [[bs:Belgija]] [[ca:Bèlgica]] [[cs:Belgie]] [[cv:Бельги]] [[cy:Gwlad Belg]] [[da:Belgien]] [[de:Belgien]] [[el:Βέλγιο]] [[en:Belgium]] [[eo:Belgio]] [[es:Bélgica]] [[et:Belgia]] [[eu:Belgika]] [[fa:بلژیک]] [[fi:Belgia]] [[fiu-vro:Belgiä]] [[fr:Belgique]] [[frp:Bèlg·ique]] [[fur:Belgjo]] [[fy:Belgje]] [[ga:An Bheilg]] [[gd:A' Bheilg]] [[gl:Bélxica - België]] [[gv:Yn Velg]] [[he:בלגיה]] [[hr:Belgija]] [[hsb:Belgiska]] [[ht:Bèljik]] [[hu:Belgium]] [[hy:Բելգիա]] [[ia:Belgica]] [[id:Belgia]] [[ilo:Belgium]] [[io:Belgia]] [[is:Belgía]] [[it:Belgio]] [[ja:ベルギー]] [[jbo:gugdrbelgi]] [[jv:Belgia]] [[ka:ბელგია]] [[ko:벨기에]] [[ku:Belçîka]] [[kw:Pow Belg]] [[la:Belgia]] [[lb:Belsch]] [[li:Belsj]] [[ln:Bɛ́ljika]] [[lt:Belgija]] [[lv:Beļģija]] [[mk:Белгија]] [[mr:बेल्जियम]] [[ms:Belgium]] [[na:Belgium]] [[nds:Belgien]] [[nds-nl:België]] [[ne:बेल्जियम]] [[nl:België]] [[nn:Belgia]] [[no:Belgia]] [[nov:Belgia]] [[nrm:Belgique]] [[oc:Belgica]] [[os:Бельги]] [[pam:Belgium]] [[pl:Belgia]] [[pms:Belgio]] [[ps:بلجيم]] [[pt:Bélgica]] [[qu:Bilhika]] [[rm:Belgia]] [[ro:Belgia]] [[roa-rup:Belghia]] [[ru:Бельгия]] [[scn:Belgiu]] [[se:Belgia]] [[sh:Belgija]] [[simple:Belgium]] [[sk:Belgicko]] [[sl:Belgija]] [[sq:Belgjika]] [[sr:Белгија]] [[sv:Belgien]] [[sw:Ubelgiji]] [[ta:பெல்ஜியம்]] [[tet:Béljika]] [[tg:Белгия]] [[th:ประเทศเบลเยียม]] [[tl:Belhika]] [[tpi:Belsum]] [[tr:Belçika]] [[uk:Бельгія]] [[vi:Bỉ]] [[vls:Belgje]] [[wa:Beldjike]] [[zea:België]] [[zh:比利时]] [[zh-min-nan:Belgien]] [[zh-yue:比利時]] 1509 12899 2006-12-18T20:19:32Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[hi:बॉस्निया और हर्ज़ेगोविना]] '''बास्निया''' यूरोप- महाद्वीपे दक्षिण-पूर्वे देश: अस्‍ति. राजधानी - [[सारायेवो]] जनसंख्‍या - ४ मिलियन ===सम्‍बद्घ विषय:=== *[[सर्बिया]] *[[इस्‍लाम]] [[als:Bosnien-Herzegowina]] [[an:Bosnia y Erzegobina]] [[ar:البوسنة و الهرسك]] [[arc:ܒܘܣܢܐ ܘܗܪܣܟ]] [[ast:Bosnia-Herzegovina]] [[be:Босьнія і Герцагавіна]] [[bg:Босна и Херцеговина]] [[bn:বসনিয়া ও হার্জেগোভিনা]] [[br:Bosnia-ha-Herzegovina]] [[bs:Bosna i Hercegovina]] [[ca:Bòsnia i Hercegovina]] [[chr:ᏉᏍᏂᏯ]] [[cs:Bosna a Hercegovina]] [[cu:Босна]] [[cy:Bosna a Hercegovina]] [[da:Bosnien-Hercegovina]] [[de:Bosnien und Herzegowina]] [[el:Βοσνία και Ερζεγοβίνη]] [[en:Bosnia and Herzegovina]] [[eo:Bosnio kaj Hercegovino]] [[es:Bosnia y Herzegovina]] [[et:Bosnia ja Hertsegoviina]] [[eu:Bosnia-Herzegovina]] [[fa:بوسنی هرزگووین]] [[fi:Bosnia ja Hertsegovina]] [[fiu-vro:Bosnia ja Hertsegoviina]] [[fr:Bosnie-Herzégovine]] [[frp:Bosnie-Hèrzègovena]] [[fy:Bosnje]] [[gl:Bosnia - Hercegovina - Босна и Херцеговина]] [[he:בוסניה והרצגובינה]] [[hi:बॉस्निया और हर्ज़ेगोविना]] [[hr:Bosna i Hercegovina]] [[hu:Bosznia és Hercegovina]] [[hy:Բոսնիա և Հերցոգովինա]] [[id:Bosnia-Herzegovina]] [[io:Bosnia e Herzegovina]] [[is:Bosnía og Hersegóvína]] [[it:Bosnia-Erzegovina]] [[ja:ボスニア・ヘルツェゴビナ]] [[ka:ბოსნია და ჰერცეგოვინა]] [[ko:보스니아 헤르체고비나]] [[ks:बास्निया]] [[ku:Bosna Hersek]] [[kw:Bosni–Hertsegovina]] [[la:Bosnia et Herzegovina]] [[lb:Bosnien-Herzegowina]] [[li:Bosnië en Hercegovina]] [[lt:Bosnija ir Hercegovina]] [[lv:Bosnija un Hercegovina]] [[mk:Босна и Херцеговина]] [[ms:Bosnia dan Herzegovina]] [[na:Bosnia me Herzegowina]] [[nds:Bosnien-Herzegowina]] [[ne:बोस्निया र हर्जगोविना]] [[nl:Bosnië en Herzegovina]] [[nn:Bosnia-Hercegovina]] [[no:Bosnia-Hercegovina]] [[oc:Bòsnia e Ercegovina]] [[pam:Bosnia and Herzegovina]] [[pl:Bośnia i Hercegowina]] [[pms:Bòsnia ed Erzegòvina]] [[pt:Bósnia-Herzegovina]] [[qu:Busna-Hirsiquwina]] [[ro:Bosnia şi Herţegovina]] [[roa-rup:Bosna shi Hertsegovina]] [[ru:Босния и Герцеговина]] [[scn:Bosnia-Erzegovina]] [[se:Bosnia-Hercegovina]] [[sh:Bosna i Hercegovina]] [[simple:Bosnia and Herzegovina]] [[sk:Bosna a Hercegovina]] [[sl:Bosna in Hercegovina]] [[sq:Bosnja dhe Hercegovina]] [[sr:Босна и Херцеговина]] [[sv:Bosnien och Hercegovina]] [[ta:பொசுனியாவும் எர்செகோவினாவும்]] [[tg:Босния ва Ҳерсеговина]] [[th:ประเทศบอสเนียและเฮอร์เซโกวีนา]] [[tl:Bosnia at Herzegovina]] [[tr:Bosna-Hersek]] [[ug:بوسنىيە]] [[uk:Боснія і Герцеґовина]] [[vi:Bosna và Hercegovina]] [[vo:Bosnän e Härzegovän]] [[zh:波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那]] [[zh-min-nan:Bosna kap Hercegovina]] 1510 13054 2006-12-20T16:18:42Z Thijs!bot 230 robot Adding: [[bo:པུ་ར་ག་རི་ཡ]] '''बुल्गारिया''' यूरोप- महाद्वीपे देश: अस्‍ति. राजधानी - [[सोफिया]] जनसंख्‍या - ८ मिलियन ===सम्‍बद्घ विषय:=== *[[सोवियत संघ]] ==Links== * [http://www.kirildouhalov.net History art and music in Bulgaria] * [http://www.bgimages.org/ Bulgarian Photo Album] [[af:Bulgarye]] [[am:ቡልጋሪያ]] [[an:Bulgaria]] [[ar:بلغاريا]] [[ast:Bulgaria]] [[be:Баўгарыя]] [[bg:България]] [[bn:বুলগেরিয়া]] [[bo:པུ་ར་ག་རི་ཡ]] [[br:Bulgaria]] [[bs:Bugarska]] [[ca:Bulgària]] [[cs:Bulharsko]] [[csb:Bùlgarskô]] [[cu:Блъгарї]] [[cv:Болгари]] [[cy:Bwlgaria]] [[da:Bulgarien]] [[de:Bulgarien]] [[el:Βουλγαρία]] [[en:Bulgaria]] [[eo:Bulgario]] [[es:Bulgaria]] [[et:Bulgaaria]] [[eu:Bulgaria]] [[fa:بلغارستان]] [[fi:Bulgaria]] [[fiu-vro:Bulgaaria]] [[fr:Bulgarie]] [[frp:Bulgarie]] [[fy:Bulgarije]] [[ga:An Bhulgáir]] [[gd:Bulgàiria]] [[gl:Bulgaria - България]] [[he:בולגריה]] [[hi:बुल्गारिया]] [[hr:Bugarska]] [[hsb:Bołharska]] [[ht:Bilgari]] [[hu:Bulgária]] [[hy:Բուլղարիա]] [[ia:Bulgaria]] [[id:Bulgaria]] [[ilo:Bulgaria]] [[io:Bulgaria]] [[is:Búlgaría]] [[it:Bulgaria]] [[ja:ブルガリア]] [[ka:ბულგარეთი]] [[ko:불가리아]] [[ku:Bulgaristan]] [[kw:Bulgari]] [[la:Bulgaria]] [[lb:Bulgarien]] [[li:Bölgarieë]] [[lt:Bulgarija]] [[lv:Bulgārija]] [[mk:Бугарија]] [[mo:Булгария]] [[ms:Bulgaria]] [[mt:Bulgarija]] [[na:Borgeriya]] [[nds:Bulgarien]] [[ne:बुल्गेरिया]] [[nl:Bulgarije]] [[nn:Bulgaria]] [[no:Bulgaria]] [[nov:Bulgaria]] [[nrm:Bulgarie]] [[oc:Bulgaria]] [[os:Болгари]] [[pam:Bulgaria]] [[pl:Bułgaria]] [[pms:Bulgarìa]] [[ps:بلغاريه/بلغارستان]] [[pt:Bulgária]] [[qu:Bulgariya]] [[rmy:Bulgariya]] [[ro:Bulgaria]] [[roa-rup:Vurgaria]] [[ru:Болгария]] [[scn:Bulgarìa]] [[se:Bulgária]] [[sh:Bugarska]] [[simple:Bulgaria]] [[sk:Bulharsko]] [[sl:Bolgarija]] [[sq:Bullgaria]] [[sr:Бугарска]] [[sv:Bulgarien]] [[tg:Булғористон]] [[th:ประเทศบัลแกเรีย]] [[tl:Bulgarya]] [[tr:Bulgaristan]] [[ug:بۇلغارىيە]] [[uk:Болгарія]] [[vi:Bulgaria]] [[vo:Bulgarän]] [[wa:Bulgåreye]] [[yi:בולגאריע]] [[zh:保加利亚]] [[zh-min-nan:Bulgariya]] [[zh-yue:保加利亞]] 1511 13052 2006-12-20T16:08:45Z Thijs!bot 230 robot Adding: [[bo:དན་མྲག]] '''डेनमार्क''' यूरोप- महाद्वीपे देश: अस्‍ति. एतत [[यूरोप-संघ]]स्‍य भागं अस्‍ति. इदम्‌ [[स्‍केंडेनेविया]] क्षेत्रे मन्‍यते.राजधानी - [[कोपनहागन]] ===सम्‍बद्घ विषय:=== *[[ग्रीनलैंड]] *[[नील्‍स बोह्‌र]] [[af:Denemarke]] [[als:Dänemark]] [[am:ዴንማርክ]] [[an:Dinamarca]] [[ang:Denemearc]] [[ar:دانمارك]] [[arc:ܕܢܡܪܟ]] [[ast:Dinamarca]] [[be:Данія]] [[bg:Дания]] [[bn:ডেনমার্ক]] [[bo:དན་མྲག]] [[br:Danmark]] [[bs:Danska]] [[ca:Dinamarca]] [[co:Danimarca]] [[cs:Dánsko]] [[csb:Dëńskô]] [[cv:Дани]] [[cy:Denmarc]] [[da:Danmark]] [[de:Dänemark]] [[el:Δανία]] [[en:Denmark]] [[eo:Danio]] [[es:Dinamarca]] [[et:Taani]] [[eu:Danimarka]] [[fa:دانمارک]] [[fi:Tanska]] [[fiu-vro:Taani]] [[fo:Danmark]] [[fr:Danemark]] [[frp:Danemârc]] [[fy:Denemark]] [[ga:An Danmhairg]] [[gd:An Danmhairg]] [[gl:Dinamarca - Danmark]] [[gv:Yn Danvarg]] [[he:דנמרק]] [[hi:डेनमार्क]] [[hr:Danska]] [[hsb:Danska]] [[ht:Dànmak]] [[hu:Dánia]] [[hy:Դանիա]] [[ia:Danmark]] [[id:Denmark]] [[io:Dania]] [[is:Danmörk]] [[it:Danimarca]] [[ja:デンマーク]] [[ka:დანია]] [[kk:Дания]] [[kl:Danmarki]] [[ko:덴마크]] [[ks:Ḍēnamārka]] [[ku:Danimarka]] [[kw:Danmark]] [[la:Dania]] [[lb:Dänemark]] [[lg:Denmarki]] [[li:Daenemark]] [[lt:Danija]] [[lv:Dānija]] [[mk:Данска]] [[ms:Denmark]] [[na:Denmark]] [[nds:Däänmark]] [[nds-nl:Denmaark]] [[ne:डेनमार्क]] [[nl:Denemarken]] [[nn:Danmark]] [[no:Danmark]] [[nrm:Dannemar]] [[oc:Danemarc]] [[os:Дани]] [[pam:Denmark]] [[pdc:Denemarrick]] [[pl:Dania]] [[pms:Danimarca]] [[ps:ډېنمارک]] [[pt:Dinamarca]] [[qu:Danmarka]] [[ro:Danemarca]] [[roa-rup:Danimarca]] [[ru:Дания]] [[ru-sib:Дания]] [[scn:Danimarca]] [[se:Dánmárku]] [[sh:Danska]] [[simple:Denmark]] [[sk:Dánsko]] [[sl:Danska]] [[sq:Danimarka]] [[sr:Данска]] [[sv:Danmark]] [[sw:Denmark]] [[ta:டென்மார்க்]] [[tet:Dinamarka]] [[tg:Дания]] [[th:ประเทศเดนมาร์ก]] [[tl:Denmark]] [[tr:Danimarka]] [[uk:Данія]] [[vi:Đan Mạch]] [[vo:Danän]] [[yi:דענמארק]] [[zh:丹麦]] [[zh-min-nan:Dan-kok]] [[zh-yue:丹麥]] 1512 12798 2006-12-17T20:44:11Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[frp:Bruneyi]] '''ब्रूनै''' एशिया- महाद्वीपे देश: अस्‍ति. राजधानी - [[बन्‍दर श्री भगवान]] ===सम्‍बद्घ विषय:=== [[an:Brunei]] [[ar:بروني]] [[bg:Бруней]] [[bn:ব্রুনাই]] [[bs:Brunej]] [[ca:Brunei]] [[cs:Brunej]] [[da:Brunei]] [[de:Brunei]] [[el:Μπρουνέι]] [[en:Brunei]] [[eo:Brunejo]] [[es:Brunéi]] [[et:Brunei]] [[eu:Brunei]] [[fa:برونئی]] [[fi:Brunei]] [[fr:Brunei]] [[frp:Bruneyi]] [[fy:Brûnei]] [[gd:Brunei]] [[gl:Brunei]] [[he:ברוניי]] [[hi:ब्रुनेई]] [[hr:Brunej]] [[ht:Brouney]] [[hu:Brunei]] [[ia:Brunei]] [[id:Brunei]] [[ilo:Brunei]] [[io:Brunei]] [[is:Brúnei]] [[it:Brunei]] [[ja:ブルネイ]] [[ko:브루나이]] [[ku:Brûney]] [[kw:Bruney]] [[la:Bruneium]] [[li:Broenai]] [[lt:Brunėjus]] [[lv:Bruneja]] [[mk:Брунеи]] [[ms:Brunei]] [[na:Brunei]] [[nds:Brunei]] [[nl:Brunei]] [[nn:Brunei]] [[no:Brunei]] [[oc:Brunei]] [[os:Бруней]] [[pam:Brunei]] [[pl:Brunei]] [[ps:برونای]] [[pt:Brunei]] [[ro:Brunei]] [[ru:Бруней]] [[scn:Brunei]] [[sh:Brunej]] [[simple:Brunei]] [[sk:Brunej]] [[sl:Brunej]] [[sq:Brunei]] [[sr:Брунеј]] [[sv:Brunei]] [[tg:Бруней]] [[th:ประเทศบรูไนดารุสซาลาม]] [[tl:Brunei]] [[tr:Brunei]] [[ug:برۇنېي]] [[uk:Бруней-Даруссалам]] [[vi:Brunei]] [[vo:Brunän]] [[zh:文莱]] [[zh-min-nan:Brunei]] 1513 12787 2006-12-17T19:44:34Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[frp:Bahamas]] '''बहामास''' केरिबियन-क्षेत्रे देश: अस्‍ति. राजधानी - [[नसौ]] सम्‍बद्घ विषय: {{stub}} == External links == * [http://www.bahamas.gov.bs/ Bahamas Government Official Website] * [http://www.bahamas.com/ Bahamas Ministry of Tourism] * [http://www.constitution.org/cons/bahamas.htm The Bahamas Constitution] [[an:Bahamas]] [[ar:البهاما]] [[bg:Бахамски острови]] [[bn:বাহামা]] [[bs:Bahami]] [[ca:Bahames]] [[cs:Bahamy]] [[da:Bahamas]] [[de:Bahamas]] [[el:Μπαχάμες]] [[en:The Bahamas]] [[eo:Bahamoj]] [[es:Bahamas]] [[et:Bahama]] [[eu:Bahamak]] [[fi:Bahama]] [[fr:Bahamas]] [[frp:Bahamas]] [[gl:Bahamas]] [[he:בהאמה]] [[hr:Bahami]] [[hu:Bahama-szigetek]] [[ia:Bahamas]] [[id:Bahama]] [[ilo:Bahamas]] [[io:Bahama]] [[is:Bahamaeyjar]] [[it:Bahamas]] [[ja:バハマ]] [[ka:ბაჰამის კუნძულები]] [[km:បាហាមាស]] [[ko:바하마]] [[ks:बहामास]] [[ku:Bahama]] [[kw:Ynysow Bahama]] [[la:Insulae Bahamenses]] [[lb:Bahamen]] [[lt:Bahamos]] [[lv:Bahamas]] [[mk:Бахамски Острови]] [[ms:Bahamas]] [[na:Bahamas]] [[nds:Bahamas]] [[nl:Bahama's]] [[nn:Bahamas]] [[no:Bahamas]] [[oc:Bahamas]] [[pam:Bahamas]] [[pdc:Bahaamas]] [[pl:Bahamy]] [[ps:بهاماس]] [[pt:Bahamas]] [[ro:Bahamas]] [[ru:Багамские Острова]] [[sh:Bahami]] [[simple:Bahamas]] [[sk:Bahamy]] [[sl:Bahami]] [[sq:Bahama]] [[sr:Бахами]] [[sv:Bahamas]] [[th:เครือรัฐบาฮามาส]] [[tl:Bahamas]] [[tr:Bahama]] [[ug:باھاما]] [[uk:Багамські Острови]] [[vi:Bahamas]] [[vo:Bahamuäns]] [[zh:巴哈马]] [[zh-min-nan:Bahamas]] 1514 6673 2004-10-03T14:30:39Z 65.0.107.166 '''ग्रेनाडा''' केरिबियन-क्षेत्रे देश: अस्‍ति. राजधानी - सम्‍बद्घ विषय: == External links == * [http://www.gov.gd Official Website of the Government of Grenada] * [http://grenadagrenadines.com/ Official Website of the Grenada Board of Tourism] * [http://grenadaisland.com/ unOfficial Website of Grenada] [[en:Grenada]] 1515 10482 2006-05-13T06:36:50Z DaGizza 117 stub '''सियारा-लियोन''' पश्‍चिम-अफ्रीका-क्षेत्रे देश: अस्‍ति. राजधानी - सम्‍बद्घ विषय: == External Links == * [http://www.sierra-leone.org Sierra Leone Web] * [http://www.un.org/Depts/dpko/unamsil/body_unamsil.htm UNAMSIL] * [http://public.fotki.com/sierraleone/sl_series/people_of_sierra_leone/ Photos: People of Sierra Leone] * [http://www.visitsierraleone.org Sierra Leone Travel and Tourism Information] {{stub}} [[en:Sierra Leone]] 1516 13046 2006-12-20T14:26:09Z Thijs!bot 230 robot Adding: [[bo:ཀའོ་པེན་ཧ་ཀེན]] '''कोपनहागन''' (København डेनिश भाषा) [[डेनमार्क]] देशस्‍य राजधानी अस्‍ति. इदं एकं प्राचीनं सुरम्‍यं च नगरं अस्‍ति. अत्र बहूनि दर्शनीयानी स्‍थानानि सन्‍ति. इदं [[११६७]] तमे स्‍थापित:. जनसंख्‍या - १.२ मिलियन {{stub}} [[af:Kopenhagen]] [[am:ኮፐንሀገን]] [[an:Copenaguen]] [[ar:كوبنهاغن]] [[arc:ܟܘܦܢܗܓܢ]] [[be:Капэнгаген]] [[bg:Копенхаген]] [[bn:কোপেনহেগেন]] [[bo:ཀའོ་པེན་ཧ་ཀེན]] [[br:Kopenhagen]] [[bs:Kopenhagen]] [[ca:Copenhaguen]] [[cs:Kodaň]] [[csb:Kòpenhaga]] [[cv:Копенгаген]] [[da:København]] [[de:Kopenhagen]] [[el:Κοπεγχάγη]] [[en:Copenhagen]] [[eo:Kopenhago]] [[es:Copenhague]] [[et:Kopenhaagen]] [[eu:Kopenhage]] [[fi:Kööpenhamina]] [[fo:Keypmannahavn]] [[fr:Copenhague]] [[fy:Kopenhagen]] [[ga:Cóbanhávan]] [[gl:Copenhaguen - København]] [[he:קופנהגן]] [[hr:Kopenhagen]] [[hu:Koppenhága]] [[hy:Կոպենհագեն]] [[id:Kopenhagen]] [[io:København]] [[is:Kaupmannahöfn]] [[it:Copenaghen]] [[ja:コペンハーゲン]] [[ka:კოპენჰაგენი]] [[kl:København]] [[ko:코펜하겐]] [[la:Hafnia]] [[lb:Kopenhagen]] [[lt:Kopenhaga]] [[lv:Kopenhāgena]] [[nds:Kopenhagen]] [[nl:Kopenhagen]] [[nn:København]] [[no:København]] [[oc:Copenaga]] [[pl:Kopenhaga]] [[pt:Copenhaga]] [[ro:Copenhaga]] [[ru:Копенгаген]] [[sh:Kopenhagen]] [[simple:Copenhagen]] [[sk:Kodaň]] [[sl:Kobenhaven]] [[sr:Копенхаген]] [[sv:Köpenhamn]] [[sw:Kopenhagen]] [[th:โคเปนเฮเกน]] [[tr:Kopenhag]] [[ug:كوپېنھاگېن]] [[uk:Копенгаген]] [[vo:København]] [[zh:哥本哈根]] 1517 6676 2004-09-30T18:47:59Z 130.39.222.122 '''यमन''' एशिया महाद्वीपे देश: अस्‍ति. राजधानी - जनसंख्‍या - 20 million North Yemen became independent of the Ottoman Empire in 1918. The British, who had set up a protectorate area around the southern port of Aden in the 19th century, withdrew in 1967 from what became South Yemen. Three years later, the southern government adopted a Soviet orientation. There followed two decades of hostility between the two states. The two countries were formally unified as the Republic of Yemen in 1990. A southern secessionist movement in 1994 was quickly subdued. [[en:Yemen]] 1518 6677 2004-09-30T18:50:53Z 130.39.222.122 '''रवाण्डा''' अफ्रीका महाद्वीपे देश: अस्‍ति. राजधानी - जनसंख्‍या - In 1990, the Tutsi-dominated Rwandese Patriotic Front (RPF) invaded Rwanda from their base in Uganda. The military government of Juvenal Habyarimana responded with genocidal pogroms against Tutsis, who it claimed were trying to re-enslave the Hutus. Fighting continued until 1992, when the government and the RPF signed a cease-fire agreement known as the Arusha accords in Arusha, Tanzania. On April 6, 1994, a plane carrying President Habyarimana was shot down in Kigali. Over the next two months, the military and militia groups killed over 800,000 Tutsis and Hutu moderates. The RPF launched another invasion, and captured the northern part of the country by July. French peacekeepers secured the southern part, and the war ended on July 16. Over 2 million Hutus fled the country after the war, fearing Tutsi retribution. Most have since returned, although some militias remain in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and have become involved in that country's civil war. [[en:Rwanda]] 1520 6679 2004-10-03T16:11:07Z 65.0.107.166 '''जार्जिया''' एशिया महाद्वीपे देश: अस्‍ति. अस्‍य राजधानी [[तबिलिसि]] अस्‍ति. == External links == *[http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/gg.html CIA World Factbook] *[http://www.parliament.ge Parliament of Georgia] *[http://www.visitgeorgia.ge/English/Information/General_information.htm ''Visit Georgia'' tourist agency country information] *[http://www.tedsnet.de Tedsnet.de - Fotos, Geografie, Maps, Culture] *[http://www.world-gazetteer.com/s/p_ge.htm Map of cities] [[en:Georgia]] [[ks:जार्जिया-देश]] 1521 6680 2004-10-03T18:03:24Z 65.0.107.166 '''इचिरो सुजुकी''' (&#37428;&#26408;&#19968;&#26391;, ''Suzuki Ichir&#333;'') बेसबाल क्रीडेन एक: प्रख्‍यात: कन्‍दुकताडकं अस्‍ति. तस्‍य जन्‍म जापान देशे १९७३ तमे अभवत्‌. इदानीं स: अमेरिका देशे क्रीडयन्‍ति. [[en:Ichiro Suzuki]] [[ks:इचिरो सुजुकी]] 1522 6681 2004-10-04T22:34:58Z 130.39.222.122 '''बिन्‍दुसार:''' सम्राट बभूव: (२९८-२७7२ ई.पू). 1523 12420 2006-12-08T02:26:50Z 65.0.122.38 /* वंशावली: */ '''भारतस्‍य इतिहास''' ==वंशावली:== *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[नन्‍द वंश]] *[[मौर्य वंश]] *[[शुङ्ग वंश]] *[[आन्‍ध्र वंश]] *[[गुप्‍त वंश]] *[[चोळ वंश]] *[[मुगल वंश]] ==सम्बद्ध जना:== * [[महापद्म नन्द]] * [[बिन्दुसार]] * [[चन्द्रगुप्त मौर्य]] * [[अशोक]] * [[चन्द्रगुप्त १]] * [[समुद्रगुप्त]] * [[चन्द्रगुप्त विक्रमादित्य]] * [[हर्ष]] *[[राजेन्द्र चोळ]] *[[बाबर]] *[[हुमांयू]] *[[अकबर]] *[[जहांगीर]] *[[शाहजहां]] *[[औरंगजेब]] *[[शिवाजी]] ===१७०० तमे=== ===१८०० तमे=== *[[राज्ञी: लक्ष्मीबाई]] *[[बालगङ्गाधर तिलक]] ===१९०० तमे=== *[[मदनमोहन मालवीय]] *[[रवीन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर]] *[[महात्‍मा गान्‍धी]] *[[वल्लभभाई पटेल]] *[[जवाहरलाल नेहरू]] 1524 12949 2006-12-18T22:36:09Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[frp:Ocèan Endien]] '''सिन्धु महासागर:''' भारत दक्षिणे एक: विशाल सागर: अस्‍ति. The Indian Ocean is the third-largest body of water in the world, covering about 20% of the Earth's water surface. It is bounded on the north by southern Asia(the Indian Sub-continent); on the west by the Arabian Peninsula and Africa; on the east by the Malay Peninsula, the Sunda Islands, and Australia; and on the south by the Southern Ocean. It is separated from the Atlantic Ocean by the 20° east meridian south of Africa, and from the Pacific by the 147° east meridian. The northernmost extent of the Indian Ocean is approximately 30° north latitude in the Persian Gulf. The ocean is nearly 10,000 km (6,200 mi) wide at the southern tips of Africa and Australia; its area is 73,556,000 km² (28,400,000 sq mi), including the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf. The ocean's volume is estimated to be 292,131,000 km³ (70,086,000 mi³). Small islands dot the continental rims. Island nations within the ocean are Madagascar (formerly Malagasy Republic), the world's fourth largest island; Comoros; Seychelles; Maldives; Mauritius; and Sri Lanka. Indonesia borders it. The ocean's importance as a transit route between Asia and Africa has made it a scene of conflict. Because of its size, however, no one nation had successfully dominated until the early 1800s when Britain controlled much of the surrounding land. [[af:Indiese Oseaan]] [[an:Ozián Indico]] [[ar:محيط هندي]] [[ast:Océanu Índicu]] [[be:Індыйскі акіян]] [[bg:Индийски океан]] [[bn:ভারত মহাসাগর]] [[br:Meurvor Indez]] [[bs:Indijski okean]] [[ca:Oceà Índic]] [[cs:Indický oceán]] [[cv:Инди океанĕ]] [[cy:Cefnfor India]] [[da:Indiske Ocean]] [[de:Indischer Ozean]] [[el:Ινδικός Ωκεανός]] [[en:Indian Ocean]] [[eo:Hinda Oceano]] [[es:Océano Índico]] [[et:India ookean]] [[eu:Indiako Ozeanoa]] [[fa:اقیانوس هند]] [[fi:Intian valtameri]] [[fr:Océan Indien]] [[frp:Ocèan Endien]] [[gd:Cuan Innseanach]] [[gl:Océano Índico]] [[he:האוקיינוס ההודי]] [[hi:हिन्द महासागर]] [[hr:Indijski ocean]] [[hu:Indiai-óceán]] [[id:Samudra Hindia]] [[io:Indiana Oceano]] [[is:Indlandshaf]] [[it:Oceano Indiano]] [[ja:インド洋]] [[ka:ინდოეთის ოკეანე]] [[kn:ಹಿಂದೂ ಮಹಾಸಾಗರ]] [[ko:인도양]] [[ku:Okyanûsa Hindê]] [[la:Oceanus Indicus]] [[lt:Indijos vandenynas]] [[nl:Indische Oceaan]] [[nn:Det indiske havet]] [[no:Indiahavet]] [[pl:Ocean Indyjski]] [[pt:Oceano Índico]] [[ro:Oceanul Indian]] [[ru:Индийский океан]] [[simple:Indian Ocean]] [[sk:Indický oceán]] [[sl:Indijski ocean]] [[sr:Индијски океан]] [[sv:Indiska oceanen]] [[sw:Bahari ya Hindi]] [[ta:இந்து சமுத்திரம்]] [[tg:Уқёнуси Ҳинд]] [[th:มหาสมุทรอินเดีย]] [[tr:Hint Okyanusu]] [[uk:Індійський океан]] [[vi:Ấn Độ Dương]] [[wa:Oceyan Indyin]] [[zh:印度洋]] [[zh-min-nan:Ìn-tō͘-iûⁿ]] [[zh-yue:印度洋]] 1525 6684 2004-10-05T23:49:26Z Murtasa 17 म्‍यन्मार moved to म्यन्मार #REDIRECT [[म्यन्मार]] 1526 6685 2004-10-06T18:10:47Z 130.39.222.122 '''जम्बूद्वीप:''' एतत्‌ पौराणिक-काले [[भारत]]स्‍य एक: नाम अस्‍ति. 1527 6686 2004-10-06T18:13:23Z 130.39.222.122 '''व्‍याघ्र:''' एक: जङ्‍गल पशु अस्‍ति. ==External links== *[http://www.rareearthexplorations.com/wildindia/tiger/saving.htm Sierra Club (A Tiger Conservation project)] *[http://www.lairweb.org.nz/tiger Tiger Territory] *[http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/mammals/tiger/ Enchanted Learning Software - All About Tigers] [[en:Tiger]] 1528 9767 2005-11-15T06:30:15Z 24.251.68.75 {{notsanskrit}} '''मयूर:''' The peafowl are the three species of bird in the genera Pavo and Afropavo of the pheasant family, Phasianidae. They are most notable for the male's extravagant tail, a result of sexual selection, which it displays as part of courtship. The male is called a peacock, the female a peahen. The species are: Indian Peafowl, Pavo cristatus Green Peafowl, Pavo muticus Congo Peafowl, Afropavo congolensis [[en:Peacock]] 1529 12858 2006-12-18T08:14:12Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: de, es, fr, hi, hu, it, ja, nl, pl, sv, th, zh Modifying: en '''कमलं''' एकं पुष्‍पं अस्‍ति. कमलं भारतस्‍य राष्‍ट्रिय पुष्‍पं. पङ्‍के उत्‍पन्‍नम्‌ अपि इदं पङ्‍कहीनं स्‍वच्‍छम्‌ भवति. इदं सौन्‍दर्यस्‍य, कोमलताया:, निर्मलताया: शान्‍ते: च सन्‍देशम्‌ वितरति. A so-called "Indian lotus" of the genus Nelumbo (see Nymphaeaceae). Particularly the sacred lotus plant of Hinduism and Buddhism, Nelumbo nucifera. All parts of nucifera are edible and the plant is a popular ingredient in Asian cuisine. [[de:Lotus Software]] [[en:Lotus Software]] [[es:Lotus (software)]] [[fr:Lotus Software]] [[hi:कमल]] [[hu:Lotus (szoftver)]] [[it:Lotus Software]] [[ja:ロータス (ソフトウェア)]] [[nl:Lotus (software)]] [[pl:Lotus Development Corporation]] [[sv:Lotus Software]] [[th:บัว]] [[zh:Lotus Software]] 1532 11637 2006-11-12T03:31:50Z देशा 218 '''योग''' इदं दर्शन शास्त्रस्य एकं शाखा अस्ति। पश्य [[पतञ्जलि]] ==External links== * [http://www.yrec.org/ Yoga Research and Education Center] * [http://yogaunveiled.com Yoga Unveiled Documentary] * [http://www.orientalia.org/dic1.html International Yoga Dictionary] * [http://www.3ho.org 3ho.org: Kundalini Yoga] * [http://www.sacredspaceyogasanctuary.com 'Sacred Space' Kundalini Meditation] * [http://www.patanjali.ch patanjali.ch] * [http://www.sahajayoga.org Sahaja Yoga] * [http://bharatanatyam.medhahari.com/ Bhakti Yoga in Bharatanatyam] * [http://www.archive.org/movies/movieslisting-browse.php?collection=opensource_movies&cat=bharatanatyam Collection of streaming videos illustrating Natya Yoga] * [http://www.religiousbook.net/Books/Online_books/Pr/Practices_25.html Religiousbook.net article on Hatha Yoga] [[en:Yoga]] [[hi:योग]] 1533 11121 2006-08-30T08:33:30Z 84.179.92.67 '''मसूरी''' उत्तरांचल प्रदेशस्‍य नगर अस्‍ति. [[de:Masuri]] [[en:Mussourie]] 1534 10504 2006-05-14T04:08:15Z DaGizza 117 stub {{notsanskrit}} '''स्‍वामी रामतीर्थ''' ([[1873]]-[[1906]]) was one of the greatest spiritual figures of modern [[India]]. A direct descendant of [[Tulasi Das]], he was a brilliant student, especially in [[mathematics]]. After completing his degree, he served for a while as Professor of Mathematics in the [[Forman Christian College]]. It was at this stage that his spiritual life began to blossom. He began to read [[the Gita]] and became a devotee of Lord [[Krishna]]. {{stub}} 1535 9773 2005-11-20T11:26:24Z 85.164.28.114 '''नारायण गुरु''' ([[1856]] - [[1928]]) was a great sage and social reformer of India. He transformed the social face of [[Kerala]]. His father was a [[Sanskrit]] scholar and an [[Ayurveda|Ayurvedic]] doctor. The child was named Narayanan (which normally gets a nickname 'Nanu'). ===[[Early Life]]=== Young Nanu showed great interest both in studies and in games. His writing was correct and easy to read. He excelled his companions in hitting a mark; at one attempt he could bring down a mango on a branch far above. Nanu left home and went to Karunagapalli, a village fifty miles away from his native place. He studied under a generous and liberal-minded teacher called Kummampally Raman Pillai Asan. Raman Pillai taught Nanu with love. Soon Nanu became a scholar in Samskrita. He studied the Vedas and the Upanishads. He led a pure life. His knowledge earned him the respect of many. He became famous as Nanu Asan. Nanu Asan (Narayan Teacher) became a Sanskrit Scholar and turned social reformer. Popularly called Narayan Guru. He preached brotherhood for all and fought against the ill effects of the caste system which prevailed in the society those days. Died on 20.09.1928. Narayana Guru, considered by many a saint and reformer, led a quiet but significant social revolution. A champion of the humble and the downtrodden, he gave the watchwords : "One Caste, One Religion, One God for all men." To Indians, the word Guru (Teacher) is a very sacred one. It has many meanings. It may mean that which is weighty and valuable; it may mean that which is worthy of honour; it may also mean that which dispels ignorance. The word with its several meanings is known in several countries of the world, in one form or the other, both in education and in religion. Very little is known about the married life of Nanu Asan. In a nearby village called Chirayinkil, there was a doctor who used to cure snake bites and scorpion stings. He had a daughter. Nanu's sisters made him agree to marry that girl. The marriage was a simple affair. Nanu was not at all interested in it. The sisters themselves invested the bride with the 'Thaali' (emblem of wedding) on his behalf. The bride stayed away in her parents house, as was the custom in Kerala in those days. Nanu used to visit his father-in-law's house often. His wife passed away after a few years. ===[[Wandering]]=== After the death of his father and his wife Nanu Asan continued his life of a wandering Sanyasin. He became a 'Parivrajaka' (one who wanders from place to place in quest of Truth). During his travels he came in contact with two people, who left a deep impression on him. One of them was called Kunjan Pillai. He was also famous as Chattambi Swamikal. Thikkad Ayyavu was the other person. Chattambi Swamikal was a great scholar and had studied under Pettayil Raman Pillai Asan. Narayana guru and Chttambi Swamikal were great friends with mutual respect. Nanu Asan wrote 'Nava Manjari' - a string of nine stanzas. It was dedicated to Chattambi Swamikal. Thikkad Ayyavu knew the Science of Yoga well. He taught it to Nanu Asan. Guru did 'Tapas' in Pillathadam Cave in Maruthvaamala, near Kanyakumari ( Cape Comorin). This lonely life of intense meditation, lasted for 7-8 long years. It's a still a mystery how Guru managed to live so long in the caves solely dependent on essential plants and rare herbs. ===[[Aruvippuram]]=== In 1888 something extraordinary happened at Aruvippuram village. Sri Narayana, who had been sitting apart and meditating all night, stood at midnight and walked into the river. As thousands watched silently ("If silence had music, the atmosphere was filled with it," wrote one correspondent) he descended into the river and then reemerged, holding a stone, symbolic of Shiva. He stood beneath the canopy with it in his arms for three hours, totally lost in meditation. Finally, at three in the morning, he installed the idol on the pedestal. His action was the Keralite equivalent of overturning the tables of the money changers, or refusing to give up a seat on the bus. From the beginning of time, so far as anyone knew, only Brahmins had ever installed an idol. "Yet when Swami performed the sacred rite it appeared so natural for him to pick up a small rock and install it." When Brahmin authorities arrived to question him about his action, he gave an answer that still makes Keralites laugh. "I have installed only the Ezhava Shiva," he said, a mockery of caste that undermined its rotten superstructure more than his actual deed. This was the final enlightenment. From that day, Yogi Nanu became `Narayana Guru'. The Guru had shown a new way: it was, that worship needs only a pure heart. It does not need the chantings and techniques of a priest. Nanu had shown the ever new ideal. It was the law which had come down the ages. He taught that all are equal before God, without any distinction of high or low. ===[[Beginning of Social Reformation]]=== This was the beginning of a Movement for Social Reform by Narayana Guru. 'Untouchability', animal sacrifice to please the gods, and the evil of drink existed in Travancore (Kerala) State also, as in all the other parts of India. The fact that 'all are men' was forgotten by the people. Now and then religious teachers who came upon the scene, taught about the true nature of 'Dharma' - the Law of Life. But still superstitious practices were the order of the day. Reformation was not an easy task. But Narayana Guru freely mingled with the people, and tried to make them understand their follies. He argued with them in a gentle manner. He won their hearts and worked hard to put an end to the practice of animal sacrifice. He made them pull down the temples meant for such sacri fices. He had new temples and schools built on the very spot by them. ==Philosophical Works by Narayana Guru== ===In [[Malayalam]]=== # ''Swanubavageethi'' # ''Atmopadesa Sathakam'' # ''Advaitha Deepika'' # ''Arivu'' # ''Daiva Desakam'' # ''Jeevakarunya Panchakam'' # ''Anukamba Dasakam'' # ''Jathi Nirnayam'' # ''Jathi Lakshanam'' # ''Sadacharam'' # ''Chijanda Chinthakam'' # ''Daiva Chintanam - 1 & 2'' # ''Athma Vilasam'' ===In [[Sanskrit]]=== # ''Darsana Mala'' # ''Brahmavidya Panchakam'' # ''Nirvruthi Panchakam'' # ''Slokathrayi'' # ''Vedantha Suthram'' # ''Homa Thanthram'' # ''Municharya Panchakam'' # ''Asramam'' # ''Dharmah'' # ''Charama Slokangal'' ==Bibiliography== * ''Guru - Kumaranasante Drushtiyil'' : DC Books, Kottayam, Kerala * ''Srinarayana Guruvinte Sampoorna Kruthikal'' (Complete Works of Sri Narayana Guru): Mathrubhoomi Publishers, Kozhikode, Kerala * ''Sri Narayana Guruvinte Mathavum Sivagiriyum'' (Sivagiri and the Religion of Sri Narayana Guru): K. Maheshwaran Nair * ''Sri Narayana Guru - Darsanavum Kruthikalum'': Editor: K.N.Shaji, Current Books, Trissur, Kerala ==External Links== * [http://www.narayanaguru.org/ Narayana Guru] * [http://www.geocities.com/guruforum/genius-and-saint.htm A genius and saint] [[en:Narayana Guru]] 1536 12934 2006-12-18T22:05:52Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: en, fr, hi, sv '''David Frawley''' (Sanskrit name '''वामदेव शास्‍त्री''') (born [[1950]]) is one of the few Westerners to be recognized by a major [[Hindu]] sect in India as a ''[[Vedacharya]]'' or teacher of the ancient wisdom. In [[1991]], under the auspices of the Hindu teacher Avadhuta Shastri, he was named '''''Vamadeva Shastri''''', after the great Vedic [[Rishi]] Vamadeva. In 1995 he was given the title of Pandit along with the Brahmachari Vishwanathji award in Mumbai for his knowledge of the Vedic teaching. [[en:David Frawley]] [[fr:David Frawley]] [[hi:वामदेव शास्‍त्री]] [[sv:David Frawley]] 1537 12759 2006-12-17T11:49:31Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: fr, gl, hi, ml, nl, pt, ru, tr, vi Modifying: es, kn {{notsanskrit}}[['''''भारतस्य वरदपुत्रः स्वामी विवेकानन्दः सन्ति बहबो भारतस्य वरद-पुत्राःयेषु अविस्मरणीयः स्वामी विवेकानन्दः।सः विश्वधर्मसम्मेलने भारतीय-संस्कृतेः उपादेयतां श्रेष्ठतां च प्रादर्शयत्।बंगप्रान्तस्य कोलकता नगरे श्री विश्वनाथदत्त महोदयस्य गृहे त्रिषष्ठ्यधिकाष्टादश शततमे (१८६३) वर्षे जनवरी मासस्य द्वादशे दिने एतस्य जन्मः अभवत्। तदा तस्य नाम नरेन्द्रनाथ दत्तः इति आसीत्।एषः उत्साही , हास्यप्रियः,करुणापरः, नरेन्द्रः बाल्ये कपीन् ,मयूरान् ,कपोतान् च पालयति स्म।एषः पितुः हयान् अपि रक्षति स्म।अध्ययनपटुरयं नरेन्द्रः शास्त्रीय संगीतं व्यायामं च आचरति स्म। ध्यानसिद्धः अयं ज्योतिरेकं पश्यति स्म।ईश्वर-जिज्ञासुः अयं सर्वान् पृच्छति स्म यत् किं भवान् ईश्वरं दृष्टवान् ? इति। ईश्वरं ज्ञातुं पाश्चात्य दर्शनस्य भारतीय दर्शनस्य च गंभीरं अध्ययनं कुर्वन् अयं नरेन्द्रः विश्वविद्यालयस्य स्नातक पदवीं अधिगतवान्।अस्मिन्नेव समये दैवयोगात् दक्षणेश्वरस्थ काली मन्दिरे परमहंस रामकृष्णदेवं पृष्टवान् यत् किं भवान् ईश्वरं दृष्टवान् ? इति। आम्। त्वामिव ईश्वरमपि पश्यामि इति श्रीरामकृष्णदेवः स्मयमानः अवदत्। एष एव महापुरुषः अस्य अध्यात्म-गुरुः अभवत्। सन्यासदीक्षानन्तरं नरेन्द्रस्य नाम विवेकानन्द इति अभवत्।अयं च नरेन्द्रः भारत भ्रमणं योगसाधनां च कृत्वा त्रिनवत्यधिकाष्टादश (१८९३) तमे वर्षे अमेरिका देशस्य शिकागो नगरे विश्वधर्म सभायां भारतस्य गौरवं प्रतिष्ठापितवान् ।तत्र सभास्थले विविध धर्मग्रन्थाः अन्योन्योपरि स्थापिताः आसन् । संयोगवशात् श्रीमद्भगवद्गीता सर्वेभ्यः अधस्तात् आसीत् । एकः अमेरिकावासी उपहासेन अवदत्--स्वामिन् ।'' भवतां गीता सर्वेभ्यः धर्मग्रन्थेभ्यः अधः वर्तते ''।प्रत्युत्पन्नमतिः भारतीयसंस्कृतिं प्रति हृदयानुरागी स्वामी विवेकानन्दः प्रहसन्नेव प्रत्यवदत्--आम् । सत्यं ।आधारशिला तु अधः एव भवति ।एतस्यां बहिराकृष्टायां सर्वं भूमौ पतिष्यन्ति।विदेशेषु वेदान्त धर्मस्य प्रचारं कुर्वन् स्वदेशं आगत्य देशोद्धाराय युवकान् प्रेरितवान्। जनसेवा ,स्वास्थ्यरक्षा,स्त्रीशिक्षा ,आधुनिकप्रौद्योगिकी प्रभृति क्षेत्रेषु असाधारणं कार्यं कर्तुं रामकृष्णमिशन इति संस्थां स्थापयित्वा जनेषु चेतनाजागरणं कृतवान्।स्वामिविवेकानन्दस्य अयं संदेशःअद्यापि भारतीयान् प्रेरयति यत् --उत्तिष्ठत , जाग्रत ,प्राप्य वरान्निबोधत।']]'Italic''''' text'''''Bold text''' <table align=right><tr><td> [[Image:180px-Vivekananda.png|thumb|Swami Vivekananda]] </td></tr> <tr><td><small> </small></td></tr> </table> '''स्वामी विवेकानन्द''' ('''Swami Vivekananda''') ([[January 12]], [[1863]] - [[July 4]], [[1902]]) भारत देशे कोलकता नगरे जातः। He is considered one of the most famous and influential spiritual leaders of the [[Hindu]] religion. He is considered by many as an icon for his fearless courage, his positive exhortations to the youth, and his broad outlook to social problems. One of his famous saying was "Playing Football is better than reading the Geeta". [[bn:স্বামী বিবেকানন্দ]] [[de:Vivekananda]] [[en:Swami Vivekananda]] [[es:Swami Vivekananda]] [[fr:Vivekananda]] [[gl:Swami Vivekananda]] [[hi:स्वामी विवेकानंद]] [[kn:ಸ್ವಾಮಿ ವಿವೇಕಾನಂದ]] [[ml:സ്വാമി വിവേകാനന്ദന്‍]] [[nl:Vivekananda]] [[pt:Swami Vivekananda]] [[ru:Вивекананда]] [[sk:Vivékánanda]] [[sv:Swami Vivekananda]] [[ta:சுவாமி விவேகானந்தர்]] [[tr:Vivekananda]] [[vi:Svāmī Vivekānanda]] 1538 12928 2006-12-18T21:38:57Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[de:Ram Swarup]], [[en:Ram Swarup]], [[hi:राम स्वरूप]] '''राम स्‍वरूप''' ([[1920]] - [[December 26]], [[1998]]) was perhaps the most influential [[Hindu]] thinker in the second half of the [[20th century]]. He authored many essays and books including ''The Word as Revelation: Names of God''. He books also include critiques of [[communism]], [[Christianity]], and [[Islam]]. ==External link== *http://www.bharatvani.org/authors/ram.html An obituary by Elst [[de:Ram Swarup]] [[en:Ram Swarup]] [[hi:राम स्वरूप]] 1539 12711 2006-12-16T02:20:21Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[es:Ananda Coomaraswamy]], [[pt:Ananda Coomaraswamy]] {{notsanskrit}} '''आनन्‍द केंटिश कुमारस्‍वामी''' (born [[22 August, 1877]] Colombo - died [[9 Septemeber, 1947]] Needham, Mass) was the son of the famous [[Sri Lanka]]n legislator and philosopher Sir Mutu Coomaraswamy and his English wife Elizabeth Beeby. He became a pioneering historian and philosopher of Indian art, and a great interpreter of Indian culture to the West. He was also a tireless campaigner for the regeneration of [[Hinduism]]. In [[1917]], he became the first Keeper of Indian art in the Museum of Fine Arts in [[Boston]]. He stressed the [[spiritual]] element in [[India]]n [[art]]. Amongst his books are ''The Dance of Siva'' (1918), ''History of Indian and Indonesian Art'' (1927), and ''The Transformation of Nature in Art'' (1934). ==External links== *[http://www.spongobongo.com/zy9823.htm A Bibliography] *[http://stateless.freehosting.net/ANANDAkCOOMARASWAMY.htm An essay on his philosophy of art] *[http://kataragama.org/centers/akc_oration99.htm The 1999 Coomaraswamy lecture by Sandrasagra] [[en:Ananda Coomaraswamy]] [[es:Ananda Coomaraswamy]] [[hi:आनन्‍द केंटिश कुमारस्‍वामी]] [[pl:Ananda Coomaraswamy]] [[pt:Ananda Coomaraswamy]] [[sv:Ananda Coomaraswamy]] [[ta:ஆனந்த குமாரசுவாமி]] [[tr:Ananda Coomaraswamy]] 1540 12962 2006-12-18T22:57:18Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: de, en, es, fr, hi, pt '''सीता राम गोयल''' (1921 - 2003), author and publisher, is an important figure amongst late 20th century Hindu thinkers. Together with Ram Swarup he kept the flame of Hindu critique burning during the socialist years of Nehru. Proud of his Vedic heritage, he started as a poet, became a novelist, and ended as a commentator on Christianity, Islam, and Communism in the Indian context. Like most bitter critics of communism Sitaram Goel had strong communist leanings during his student days and was on the verge of joining the Communist Party of India in 1948. He later came under Ram Swarup's influence who converted him out of communism. Ram Swarup became his ideological mentor and strongly influenced his views on Communism, Islam and Christianity. [[de:Sita Ram Goel]] [[en:Sita Ram Goel]] [[es:Sita Ram Goel]] [[fr:Sita Ram Goel]] [[hi:सीता राम गोयल]] [[pt:Sita Ram Goel]] 1541 9759 2005-11-15T06:24:25Z 24.251.68.75 {{notsanskrit}} '''दयानन्‍द सरस्‍वती''' was born in Tamil Nadu''. He became a swami as a young man and was the assistant to Swami [[Chinmayananda]] when he took the initiative to establish [[Vishwa Hindu Parishad]]. In 1986, Swami Dayananda Saraswati founded the ''Arsha Vidya Gurukulam'', a Gurukula that has branches in India and the United States. Arsha Vidya Gurukulam is an institute for the traditional study of [[Advaita Vedanta]], [[Yoga]], [[Ayurveda]], [[Jyotish]], [[Sanskrit]] and other classical [[Hindu]] studies. The word ''Arsha'' means that which is from the Rishis - the great seers of ancient India. The word Vidya means knowledge. Thus, Arsha Vidya means the knowledge flowing from the Rishis. The word Gurukulam, means "family of the teacher", referring to a residential center for learning with the Teacher. Arsha Vidya Gurukulam offers Indians and non-Indians, [[Hindus]]s and non-Hindus alike an opportunity to study the profound spiritual knowledge of the [[Upanishads]], [[Bhagavad Gita]], [[Brahma-sutras]], and other classical [[Vedanta]] texts. Swami Dayananda is currently the most revered teacher of [[Advaita Vedanta]] in the world. He has also found ''AIM for Seva'' for social work in India. ==External link== *http://www.arshavidya.org/ *http://www.pramana.org 1542 9608 2005-10-01T16:13:14Z 80.132.103.113 +Interwikilinks '''स्‍वामी चिन्‍मयानन्‍द''' (1916-1993) was born Balakrishna Menon (Balan) in [[Ernakulam]], [[Kerala]] in a very devout [[Hindu]] family. Graduating from [[Lucknow University]], he entered the field of journalism where he felt he could influence political, economic and social reform in India. But his life was changed when he met Swami [[Sivananda]] at [[Rishikesh]] and became very interested in the Hindu spiritual path. Balakrishna Menon took [[sanyas]]/monkhood from Swami Sivananda to become Swami Chinmayananda - the one who is saturated in Bliss and Consciousness. Swami Shivananda saw the potential in Swami Chinmayananda and sent him to study under a great [[Guru]] in the Himalayas - Swami [[Tapovan Maharaj]] under whom he studied for 12 years. At the end of the education he decided to spread his teaching all over the world. During his forty years of travelling and teaching, Gurudev opened numerous centres and ashrams worldwide, he also built many schools, hospitals, nursing homes and clinics. As well as reinvigorating India's rich cultural heritage, Swami Chinmayananda made [[Vedanta]] accessible to everybody regardless of age, nationality, or religious background. On 3 August 1993, in San Diego, USA, Swami Chinmayananda attained Mahasamadhi. He work has created an international organization called the ''Chinmaya Mission''. ==External link== *http://www.chinmayamission.org/ [[de:Chinmayananda]] [[en:Chinmayananda]] 1543 10505 2006-05-14T04:08:48Z DaGizza 117 {{notsanskrit}} {{notsanskrit}} '''स्‍वामी मुक्तानन्‍द''' ([[1908]]-[[1982]]) is the [[monk|monastic]] name of an [[India|Indian]] [[guru]]. He began the life of a ''[[sadhu]]'' at an unusually early age. He gained recognition for his [[yoga|yogic]] attainments as a young man but he considered [[Bhagawan Nityananda]] to be his spiritual master. He wrote the classic spiritual autobiography ''The Play of Consciousness'' and founded the [[Siddha Yoga]] [[new religious movement]]. ==External links== *[http://www.siddhayoga.org/index.html Siddha yoga (founded by Muktananda)] **[http://www.siddhayoga.org/guru-muktananda-baba.html Siddha Yoga website about Muktananda] 1544 11066 2006-08-17T21:49:52Z Escarbot 175 robot Adding: fr, he, it, ja, li, no, pt, ru, sk '''महर्षि महेश योगी''' १९११ तमे प्रयागे जात:. Maharishi graduated from [[Allahabad University]] with a degree in physics. He studied for thirteen years with Swami [[Brahmananda Saraswati]], the [[Shankaracharya]] of [[Jyotir Math]]. In [[1955]], after spending two years in silence in the [[Himalayas]], he began teaching his TM technique. In [[1957]] he founded the [[TM Movement]] and began the first of many tours to teach the technique around the world. [[The Beatles]] were at one time among his students. Maharishi has written a number of books on [[Vedic]] wisdom and the Vedas as the science of [[consciousness]]. He uses modern technology to spread his teachings&mdash;he has created the [[Maharishi Open University]] as an online teaching outlet, holds a weekly video press conference, and uses satellite and the [[Internet]] for his [[Maharishi Broadcasting]]. == External links == * [http://www.alltm.org/Maharishi.html Official Maharishi site] * [http://www.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0205/12/lklw.00.html Larry King interviews] on 5/12/02 * [http://classicrock.about.com/cs/maharishi/ The Beatles's experiences with Maharishi] [[de:Maharishi Mahesh Yogi]] [[en:Maharishi Mahesh Yogi]] [[fr:Maharishi Mahesh Yogi]] [[he:מהרישי מהש יוגי]] [[it:Maharishi Mahesh Yogi]] [[ja:マハリシ・マヘッシ・ヨギ]] [[li:Maharishi Mahesh Yogi]] [[no:Maharishi Mahesh Yogi]] [[pt:Maharishi Mahesh Yogi]] [[ru:Махариши Махеш Йоги]] [[sk:Maháraši Maheš Jogi]] [[sv:Maharishi Mahesh Yogi]] 1545 12712 2006-12-16T02:21:47Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[pt:Ramana Maharshi]], [[tr:Ramana Maharshi]] Modifying: [[ta:இரமண மகரிஷி]] '''रामन्‌ महर्षि''' (1879-1950) was a great [[Hindu]] mystic of the [[Advaita Vedanta]] stream. Born in a village called Tirucculi near [[Madurai]] in southern India, he was given the name [[Venkataraman]]. His father died when he was twelve, and he went to live with his uncle in Madurai, where he briefly attended American Mission High School. However, his thoughts soon turned to religion, namely mystic [[Hindu]] philosophies and understandings of universal divinity. At the age of sixteen, he heard somebody mention "Arunachala." Although he didn't know what the word meant (it's the name of a holy hill associated with the Hindu deity [[Shiva]]) he became greatly excited. At about the same time he came across a copy of Sekkilar's Periyapuranam, a book that describes the lives of Shaivite saints, and became fascinated by it. In the middle of 1896, at age 16, he was suddenly overcome by the feeling that he was about to die. He lay down on the floor, made his body stiff, and held his breath. "My body is dead now," he said to himself, "but I am still alive." In a flood of spiritual awareness he realized he was spirit, not his body. Ramana Maharshi taught a method called self-inquiry in which the seeker focuses continuous attention on the I-thought in order to find its source. In the beginning this requires effort, but eventually something deeper than the ego takes over and the mind dissolves in the heart center. He is an acknowledged [[Hindu]] master of the [[Advaita Vedanta]] stream of Vedic thought, and has many followers throughout India and abroad. ==External links== *http://www.ramana-maharshi.org/ *http://www.realization.org/page/topics/ramana.htm *[http://arunachala.org/ Arunachala Ashrama] ==References== ''The Collected Works of Ramana Maharshi'' edited by Arthur Osborne [[da:Ramana Maharshi]] [[de:Ramana Maharshi]] [[en:Ramana Maharshi]] [[es:Ramana Maharshi]] [[fr:Ramana Maharshi]] [[hu:Sri Ramana Maharishi]] [[it:Ramana Maharshi]] [[nl:Ramana Maharshi]] [[pt:Ramana Maharshi]] [[ru:Рамана Махарши]] [[sk:Ramana Mahariši]] [[sv:Ramana Maharshi]] [[ta:இரமண மகரிஷி]] [[tr:Ramana Maharshi]] 1546 12598 2006-12-11T04:48:48Z Zwobot 86 robot Adding: de, en, es, fr, ia, it, nl, pt, sv '''परमहंस योगानन्‍द''' (१८९३-१९५२) मुकुन्‍द लाल घोष नाम्‍ने गोरखपुरे जात:. Yogananda began his life's work with the founding, in 1917, of a school for boys, where modern educational methods were combined with [[yoga]] training and instruction in spiritual ideals. In 1920, he was India's delegate to an international congress of religious leaders convening in Boston. That same year he founded [[Self-Realization Fellowship]] to disseminate worldwide his teachings on Yoga and its tradition of meditation. For the next several years, he lectured and taught on the East coast and in 1924 embarked on a cross-continental speaking tour. The following year, he established in Los Angeles an international headquarters for Self-Realization Fellowship, which became the spiritual and administrative heart of his growing work Yogananda's life story, ''Autobiography of a Yogi'', was published in 1946 and enlarged in subsequent editions. It is widely regarded as a modern spiritual classic. [[de:Yogananda]] [[en:Paramahansa Yogananda]] [[es:Paramahansa Yogananda]] [[fr:Paramahansa Yogananda]] [[ia:Paramanhansa Yogananda]] [[it:Paramahansa Yogananda]] [[nl:Paramahansa Yogananda]] [[pt:Paramahansa Yogananda]] [[sv:Paramahansa Yogananda]] 1547 6706 2004-10-06T21:56:27Z 130.39.222.122 '''श्री श्री रवि शंकर:''' एक: धर्मगुरु: अस्‍ति. स: १९५६ तमे तमिलनाडु प्रदेशे जात:. तस्‍य प्रथम: आचार्य [[महर्षि महेश योगी]] आसीत्‌. In 1982 he went in to 10 days of silence. It is believed by some that he became an enlightened master around this time and cognised the [[Sudarshan Kriya]] breathing technique. Sri Sri then set up the Art of Living (AOL) organisation to spread the Sudarshan Kriya around the world. The Sudarshan Kriya has acclaimed health benefits (as documented on the AOL homepage - see links below), and has been taught in over 140 countries. Sri Sri and his delegate instructors also conduct the [[Hollow and Empty]] and [[Sahaj Samadhi Yoga]] advanced meditations that help create an awareness of inner silence and wellbeing. He is cofounder of the [[IAHV]] (International Association for Human Values), an international nonprofit organization in special consultative status with the [[ECOSOC|United Nations Economic and Social Council]]. The IAHV's humanitarian service wing, [[5H]], focuses on providing health, homes, hygiene, human values, and harmony in diversity to needy communities. IAHV, 5H and the AOL have collaborated with several UN bodies in many humanitarian and social service programs all over the world. ==External links== * [http://www.srisriravishankar.org Official website of Sri Sri Ravi Shankar] * [http://www.artofliving.org/ Art of Living homepage] * [http://www.iahv.org IAHV homepage] * [http://www.5h.org 5H homepage] 1548 6707 2004-10-06T22:01:09Z Murtasa 17 स्‍वामी विवेकानन्‍द moved to स्वामी विवेकानन्द #REDIRECT [[स्वामी विवेकानन्द]] 1549 12641 2006-12-13T14:29:52Z Thijs!bot 230 robot Adding: en, es, fi, gl, nl, pt '''माता अमृतानन्‍दमयी''' २६ सितम्‍बर, १९५३ तमे सुधामणि नाम्‍ने नगरे केरल प्रदेशे जात:. सा एका विख्‍यात धर्मगुरु: अस्‍ति. तस्‍या: इष्‍ट-देवता [[भगवान कृष्‍ण]] अस्‍ति. Also known to her followers as [[Ammachi]] she is a devotee of [[Krishna]]. Her devotees claims that she had many mystical experiences as a child. Since 1981, she has been teaching spiritual aspirants all over the world. She founded a worldwide organization, the [[Mata Amritanandamayi Mission Trust]], which is engaged in many spiritual and charitable activities. ==बाह्‍य== *[http://www.ammachi.org/ अम्‍माची] [[de:Mata Amritanandamayi]] [[en:Mata Amritanandamayi]] [[es:Mata Amritanandamayi]] [[fi:Äiti Amma]] [[gl:Mata Amritanandamayi]] [[nl:Mata Amritananda Mayi]] [[pt:Mata Amritanandamayi]] 1550 11488 2006-10-29T05:47:00Z DaGizza 117 +not {{notsanskrit}} '''तिरुमलै कृष्‍णमाचार्य''' (1888-1988) was instrumental in the resurgence of interest in hatha yoga. His students [[Indra Devi]], [[B.K.S. Iyengar]] and others spread the yoga movement to all corners of the globe. {{stub}} 1551 6710 2004-10-07T00:17:52Z 65.0.112.179 '''टी.के.वी. देसिकाचार''' is a great modern yoga teacher. {{stub}} ==External Link== *[http://www.yogastudies.org/public_html/TKV%20Desikachar.html देसिकाचार] 1552 6711 2004-10-07T02:05:10Z 65.0.116.157 '''राष्ट्रिय गानं''' राष्‍ट्रगाने [[रवीन्‍द्रनाथ ठाकुर]] महोदयेण "जन-गण-मन" इति रचितम्‌ अस्‍ति. 1553 12762 2006-12-17T12:48:16Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: bh, bn, et, fi, gu, he, hu, it, ko, lt, lv, mr, nl, pl, pt, ro, ru, simple, sl, sr, sv, ta, th, vi Modifying: kn '''राष्ट्रिय गानं''' राष्‍ट्रगाने [[रवीन्‍द्रनाथ ठाकुर]] महोदयेण "जन-गण-मन" इति रचितम्‌ अस्‍ति. जन गण मन अधिनायक जय हे भारत भाग्यविधाता पंजाब सिन्धु गुजरात मराठा द्राविड़ उत्कल बंगा विन्ध्य हिमाचल यमुना गंगा उच्छल जलधि तरंगा तव शुभ नामे जागे तव शुभ आशीष मांगे गाहे तव जयगाथा जन गण मंगलदायक जय हे भारत भाग्यविधाता जय हे, जय हे, जय हे जय जय जय जय हे! [[bh:जन गण मन]] [[bn:জন গণ মন অধিনায়ক]] [[de:Jana Gana Mana]] [[en:Jana Gana Mana]] [[es:Jana-Gana-Mana]] [[et:Jana-Gana-Mana]] [[fi:Jana-Gana-Mana]] [[fr:Jana-Gana-Mana]] [[gu:જન ગણ મન]] [[he:המנון הודו]] [[hi:जन गण मन]] [[hu:Indiai himnusz]] [[id:Jana-Gana-Mana]] [[it:Jana Gana Mana]] [[ja:インドの国歌]] [[kn:ಭಾರತದ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರಗೀತೆ]] [[ko:인도의 국가]] [[lt:Jana Gana Mana]] [[lv:Indijas himna]] [[mr:जन गण मन]] [[ms:Jana-Gana-Mana]] [[nl:Jana-Gana-Mana]] [[pl:Hymn Indii]] [[pt:Hino nacional da Índia]] [[ro:Jana-Gana-Mana]] [[ru:Гимн Индии]] [[simple:Jana Gana Mana]] [[sl:Jana-Gana-Mana]] [[sr:Химна Индије]] [[sv:Jana-Gana-Mana]] [[ta:ஜன கண மன]] [[th:เพลงชาติอินเดีย]] [[vi:Jana Gana Mana]] 1554 6713 2004-10-07T02:06:24Z 65.0.116.157 '''राष्ट्रिय गानं''' राष्‍ट्रगाने [[रवीन्‍द्रनाथ ठाकुर]] महोदयेण "जन-गण-मन" इति रचितम्‌ अस्‍ति. 1555 6714 2004-10-31T03:53:32Z 68.159.30.113 '''वन्दे मातरम''' Vande maataraM sujalaaM suphalaaM malayaja shiitalaaM SasyashyaamalaaM maataram || Shubhrajyotsnaa pulakitayaaminiiM pullakusumita drumadala shobhiniiM suhaasiniiM sumadhura bhaashhiNiiM sukhadaaM varadaaM maataraM || Koti koti kantha kalakalaninaada karaale koti koti bhujai.rdhR^itakharakaravaale abalaa keno maa eto bale bahubaladhaariNiiM namaami taariNiiM ripudalavaariNiiM maataraM || Tumi vidyaa tumi dharma tumi hR^idi tumi marma tvaM hi praaNaaH shariire Baahute tumi maa shakti hR^idaye tumi maa bhakti tomaara i pratimaa gaDi mandire mandire || TvaM hi durgaa dashapraharaNadhaariNii kamalaa kamaladala vihaariNii vaaNii vidyaadaayinii namaami tvaaM Namaami kamalaaM amalaaM atulaaM SujalaaM suphalaaM maataraM || ShyaamalaaM saralaaM susmitaaM bhuushhitaaM DharaNiiM bharaNiiM maataraM |" 1556 10477 2006-05-13T06:32:54Z DaGizza 117 stub '''बंकिम चंद्र चटर्जी''' महोदयेण "वन्‍दे मातरम्‌" १८८२ तमे इति रचितम्‌ अस्‍ति. बन्‍किम एक: महान उपन्‍यासकार: आसीत्‌. {{stub}} [[en:Bankim Chandra Chatterji]] 1557 10506 2006-05-14T04:09:06Z DaGizza 117 {{notsanskrit}} {{notsanskrit}} '''नैन सिंह''' was one of the first of the [[pundit]]s who explored the [[Himalayas]] for the British. He mapped the trade route through Nepal to Tibet, determined for the first time the location and altitude of Lhasa, and mapped a large section of the [[Tsangpo]], the major Tibetan river. In [[1865]], with his cousin [[Mani Singh]], Nain Singh left [[Dehra Dun]], the [[Geometrical Survey of India|Geometrical Survey of India's]] northern India headquarters, for [[Nepal]]. From there Mani returned to [[India]] by way of western [[Tibet]], but Nain went on to [[Tashilhumpo]], where he met the [[Panchen Lama]], and [[Lhasa]]. During his stay in Lhasa, his true identity was discovered by two [[Kashmir]]i merchants, but for unknown reasons, they did not report him to the authorities. Nain Singh returned to India by way of [[Mansarowar Lake]] in western Tibet. On a second voyage, in [[1867]], Singh explored western Tibet and visited the legendary [[Thok-Jalung]] [[gold mine]]s. He noticed that the workers only dug for gold near the surface, because they believed digging deeper was a crime against the Earth and would deprive it of its fertility. In 1873-75, he traveled from [[Leh]] in [[Kashmir]] to Lhasa, by a route more northerly than the one along the Tsangpo that he had taken on his first journey. 1558 11956 2006-11-27T01:16:01Z Zwobot 86 robot Adding: ar, bn, he, id, ka, kn, no, ru, ta '''अमर्त्‍य कुमार सेन''' (born [[November 3]], [[1933]]) is a [[Bengali]] economist best known for his work on [[famine]], [[Human development theory]], [[welfare economics]], and the underlying mechanisms of [[poverty]]. He received the [[Nobel Prize]] for his work in [[mathematical economics]] in [[1998]] and the [[Bharat Ratna]] in [[1999]]. [[ar:أمارتيا سن]] [[bg:Амартя Сен]] [[bn:অমর্ত্য সেন]] [[ca:Amartya Sen]] [[de:Amartya Sen]] [[en:Amartya Sen]] [[es:Amartya Sen]] [[fi:Amartya Sen]] [[fr:Amartya Sen]] [[gd:Amartya Sen]] [[he:אמרטיה סן]] [[id:Amartya Sen]] [[it:Amartya Sen]] [[ja:アマルティア・セン]] [[ka:სენი, ამარტია]] [[kn:ಅಮರ್ತ್ಯ ಸೇನ್]] [[nl:Amartya Sen]] [[no:Amartya Sen]] [[pl:Amartya Sen]] [[pt:Amartya Sen]] [[ru:Сен, Амартия]] [[sv:Amartya Sen]] [[ta:அமார்த்ய சென்]] [[zh:阿马蒂亚·库马尔·森]] 1559 12552 2006-12-09T18:53:33Z Escarbot 175 robot Adding: [[fr:B.K.S. Iyengar]] '''बी.के.एस. अयंगार''' (१९१८ - ) एक: हठ-योग-गुरु: अस्‍ति. ==External links== *[http://www.bksiyengar.com The official Iyengar website] *[http://www.iynaus.org/iyengaryoga/bks/biography.asp Iyengar's autobiography] *[http://www.iyengar-yoga.com/bks/biography/ The official biography from the Iyengar Institute] ]]] ]] [[de:B. K. S. Iyengar]] [[en:B.K.S. Iyengar]] [[fr:B.K.S. Iyengar]] [[ja:B.K.S.アイアンガー]] [[pl:B.K.S. Iyengar]] [[pt:B.K.S. Iyengar]] 1560 6719 2004-10-07T02:34:09Z 65.0.116.157 '''जार्ज सुदर्शन''' hails from Chennai, India. He completed his BSc(Hons) from Madras (now called Chennai) in 1951 and his Ph. D. from University of Rochester in 1958. He has received many honours and probably the most notable Indian award is the Padma Bhushan awarded by the President of India. His areas of interest include elementary particle physics, quantum optics, quantum field theory, gauge field theories, fibre bundles, classical mechanics and foundations of physics. 1561 6720 2004-10-07T02:38:33Z 65.0.116.157 '''मधु सूदन''' (१९६६ - ) संगणक शास्‍त्र आचार्य अस्‍ति. 1562 12924 2006-12-18T21:27:08Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: bn, de, en, fr, hi, mr '''मेघनाथ साहा''' (१८९३ - १९५६)एक: महान भौतिक-शास्‍त्री आसीत्‌. ==External links== * [http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/physics/SahaEquation.html ScienceWorld: Saha Equation] * [http://www-cmp.saha.ernet.in/~kausik/mnsarch/index.php?pg=6 Biographical info] ===Obituaries=== * [http://adsabs.harvard.edu//full/seri/Obs../0076//0000040.000.html Obs '''76''' (1956) 40] (one sentence) * [http://adsabs.harvard.edu//full/seri/PASP./0068//0000282.000.html PASP '''68''' (1956) 282] (one paragraph) [[bn:মেঘনাদ সাহা]] [[de:Meghnad Saha]] [[en:Meghnad Saha]] [[fr:Meghnad Saha]] [[hi:मेघनाद साहा]] [[ja:メグナード・サハ]] [[mr:मेघनाद साहा]] 1563 12571 2006-12-10T06:06:29Z 124.147.93.124 interlang '''अमर गोपाल बोस''' (१९२९ - ) आविष्‍कारक: अस्‍ति. === References === *[http://www.calcuttaweb.com/nri/Amar_Gopal_Bose.shtml Short biography of Amar Gopal Bose] [[de:Amar G. Bose]] [[en:Amar Bose]] [[ja:アマー・G・ボーズ]] 1564 12145 2006-11-30T19:48:32Z Escarbot 175 robot Adding: [[simple:Kabir]] Modifying: [[hi:संत कबीर]] {{notsanskrit}} '''कबीर''' दास [[भारत]]स्य भक्ति परम्परा कविः। भारत में [[धर्म]], [[भाषा]] या [[संस्कृति]] किसी की भी चर्चा बिना [[कबीर]] की चर्चा के अधूरी ही रहेगी। कबीरपंथी, एक धार्मिक समुदाय जो कबीर के सिद्धांतो और शिक्षाओं को अपने जीवन शैली का आधार मानते हैं, उनके अनुसार कबीर का जन्म [[१३९८]] इसवी में हुआ और उनकी मृत्यु [[१५१८]] इसवी हुयी। अर्थात कबीर असाधारण रुप से 120 वर्ष जीवित थे। लेकिन बाद के इतिहासकारों की चर्चाओं से उनकी मृत्यु [[१४४८]] में हुई माना गया। ==यह भी देखें== *[[:hi:भक्ति काल]] *[[:hi:भक्त कवियों की सूची]] *[[:hi:हिंदी साहित्य]] ==बाहरी कड़ियां== * [http://poets-hindipoem.blogspot.com/2006/09/kabir.html कबीर के दोहे] * [http://www.boloji.com/kabir/index.htm संत कबीर के दोहे एवं कविताएँ] भजो रे भैया -- संत कबीर भजो रे भैया राम गोविंद हरी । राम गोविंद हरी भजो रे भैया राम गोविंद हरी ॥ जप तप साधन नहिं कछु लागत, खरचत नहिं गठरी ॥ संतत संपत सुख के कारन, जासे भूल परी ॥ कहत कबीर राम नहीं जा मुख, ता मुख धूल भरी ॥ ==पश्‍य== *[[हिन्दी साहित्यं]] [[de:Kabir]] [[en:Kabir]] [[fr:Kabîr]] [[hi:संत कबीर]] [[simple:Kabir]] [[sv:Kabir]] 1565 12801 2006-12-17T20:55:31Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[ta:முகலாயப் பேரரசு]] '''मुगल साम्राज्‍य''' *[[बाबर]] (1526-1530) *[[हुमांयू]] (1530-1556) *[[अकबर]] (1556-1605) *[[जहांगीर]] (1605-1627) *[[शाहजहां]] (1627-1658) *[[औरंगजेब]] (1658-1707) [[ar:المغول الكبار]] [[bs:Mogulsko carstvo]] [[de:Mogulreich]] [[en:Mughal Empire]] [[eo:Mogola Imperio]] [[es:Imperio Mogol]] [[fa:امپراتوری مغولی هند]] [[fi:Suurmogulien valtakunta]] [[fr:Empire moghol]] [[he:האימפריה המוגולית]] [[id:Kekaisaran Mughal]] [[it:Gran Mogol]] [[ja:ムガル帝国]] [[kn:ಮೊಘಲ್ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ]] [[li:Mughalriek]] [[ms:Kerajaan Mughal]] [[nl:Mogoelrijk]] [[pl:Mogołowie]] [[pt:Império Mogol]] [[ru:Империя Великих Моголов]] [[simple:Mughal Empire]] [[sl:Mogulski imperij]] [[sv:Mogulriket]] [[ta:முகலாயப் பேரரசு]] [[tl:Imperyong Mughal]] [[tr:Babür İmparatorluğu]] [[ur:مغلیہ سلطنت]] [[zh:莫卧儿帝国]] 1566 10102 2006-01-14T06:51:38Z Zwobot 86 robot Adding: bg, cs, eo, es, et, fr, no, ru, sv, uk, vi '''अमु दरिया''' (''Darya'' means "river") rises in the [[Pamir]]s and flows mainly north-west through the [[Hindu Kush]], [[Turkmenistan]], and [[Uzbekistan]] to join the [[Aral Sea]] in a large delta. It forms part of the northern border of [[Afghanistan]] and is important for [[irrigation]]. It is navigable for over 1450 km (800 miles). Its total length is 2400 km (1500 miles). Use of water from the Amu Darya for [[irrigation]] has been a major contributing factor in the shrinking of the Aral Sea since the late [[1950s]]. In antiquity the river was known as the ''Oxus'', and historical records state that in different periods the river has flowed into the Aral Sea, the [[Caspian Sea]] or both, similarly to the [[Jaxartes]] river. [[bg:Амударя]] [[cs:Amudarja]] [[de:Amudarja]] [[en:Amu Darya]] [[eo:Amudarjo]] [[es:Amu Daria]] [[et:Amudarja]] [[fr:Amou-Daria]] [[ja:アムダリヤ川]] [[nl:Amoe Darja]] [[no:Amu Darya]] [[pl:Amu-daria]] [[ru:Амударья (река)]] [[sv:Amu-Darja]] [[uk:Амудар'я]] [[vi:Amu Darya]] 1567 10884 2006-07-12T03:33:00Z Robbot 71 robot Adding: ca, et, he, it, ko, ky, pt, sk, sl, sv, uk, vi Modifying: nl {{notsanskrit}} '''अमूर''' उत्तर एशिया महाद्वीपे चीन देशे एका नदी अस्‍ति. (Chinese: Heilong Jiang 黑龙江 or 黑龍江, literal meaning: "Black Dragon River", Manchu: Sahaliyan Ula, literal meaning: "Black River") is one of the world's ten largest rivers. Flowing in northeast Asia for over 4400 km (2,700 mi) from the mountains of northeastern China, to the Sea of Okhotsk (near Nikolayevsk-na-Amure), it drains a remarkable watershed that includes diverse landscapes of desert, steppe, tundra, and taiga from East-North Asia. The Amur proper is the 2,874 km after the junction of two rivers: North: the Shilka (Shileke 石勒喀河), originating from the eastern slope of the Kente Mountain (肯特山) in Mongolia. South: the Argun (Erguna 額爾古納河), originating on the western slope of the Daxing'an Range (大興安嶺) in northeastern China. The two sources join in Moguhe Village (洛古河村), western Mohe County (漠河县), Heilongjiang province, China, and become the Amur proper. Major tributaries are: the Songhua, the Zeya (結雅河), the Ussuri (烏蘇里江), and the Bureya (布列亞河) [[ca:Amur]] [[da:Amur]] [[de:Amur]] [[en:Amur]] [[es:Amur]] [[et:Amuur]] [[fi:Amur]] [[fr:Amour (fleuve)]] [[he:אמור (נהר)]] [[it:Amur]] [[ja:アムール川]] [[ko:아무르 강]] [[ky:Амур]] [[nl:Amoer (rivier)]] [[pl:Amur (rzeka)]] [[pt:Amur]] [[ru:Амур (река)]] [[sk:Amur (rieka)]] [[sl:Amur]] [[sv:Amur]] [[uk:Амур (ріка)]] [[vi:Sông Amur]] [[zh:黑龙江]] 1568 9434 2005-09-04T18:01:13Z Zwobot 86 robot Adding: pt '''बुयुक मेन्‍देरेस (मएनदर)''' पश्‍चिम एशिया महाद्वीपे तुर्की देशे एका नदी अस्‍ति. The Maeander River is the classical Latin name for the Büyük Menderes River in southwestern Turkey. It rises in west central Turkey, near the ancient Phrygian city of Celaenae (now Dinar) flowing west into the Aegean Sea near the ancient Ionian city of Miletus. It's winding back and forth course gave rise to English word meander. [[de:Großer Mäander]] [[en:Maeander River]] [[nl:Meander (rivier)]] [[pl:Menderes]] [[pt:Rio Maeander]] 1569 12891 2006-12-18T19:56:19Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: bn, cs, da, de, en, es, et, fi, fr, he, hi, id, it, ja, lmo, ml, nl, no, pl, pt, ru, sk, sl, sv, zh '''ब्रह्मपुत्र नदी''' दक्षिण एशिया महाद्वीपे चीन तिबत एवं भारत देशे एका नदी अस्‍ति. It flows 2900km into the sea in the [[Bay of Bengal]] in [[Bangladesh]]. It is called ''Tsangpo'' in Tibet and ''Jamuna'' in Bangladesh. Old sanskrit calls it ''Lauhitya'' and the people of the Brahmaputra valley calls in ''Luit''. This river eventually meets the [[Ganges]] and [[Meghna]] rivers to form the largest [[river delta]] in the world, most of which is in Bangladesh. It is one of the few rivers in the world that exhibit a [[tidal bore]]. It is navigable for most of its length and the lower reaches are sacred to Hindus. The river is prone to catastrophic flooding in spring when the Himalayan snows melt. ==बाह्य== *[http://www.lancang-mekong.org/English_site/Eng_projects/eng_projects_brahmaputra.asp ब्रह्मपुत्र नदी वर्णन] [[bn:ব্রহ্মপুত্র নদী]] [[cs:Brahmaputra]] [[da:Brahmaputra]] [[de:Brahmaputra]] [[en:Brahmaputra River]] [[es:Brahmaputra]] [[et:Brahmaputra]] [[fi:Brahmaputra]] [[fr:Brahmapoutre]] [[he:בראהמאפוטרה]] [[hi:ब्रह्मपुत्र]] [[id:Sungai Brahmaputra]] [[it:Brahmaputra]] [[ja:ブラマプトラ川]] [[lmo:Brahmaputra]] [[ml:ബ്രഹ്മപുത്ര നദി]] [[nl:Brahmaputra]] [[no:Brahmaputra]] [[pl:Brahmaputra]] [[pt:Bramaputra]] [[ru:Брахмапутра (река)]] [[sk:Brahmaputra]] [[sl:Brahmaputra]] [[sv:Brahmaputra]] [[zh:雅鲁藏布江]] 1570 6729 2004-10-07T13:59:48Z 65.0.106.189 '''कगायान नदी''' पूर्व एशिया महाद्वीपे फिलिपीन्‍स देशे एका नदी अस्‍ति. It is located on the northern half of [[Luzon]], in the [[Philippines]]. The valley formed by this river is ~190 [[kilometer|km]] long and 60 km wide. 1571 12671 2006-12-15T00:33:17Z Escarbot 175 robot Adding: ar, bg, ca, fa, fi, he, id, ko, lt, no, pt, rm, ru, simple, sk, sr, th, ug, uk, vi Modifying: de, en, es, fr, sv [[ar:يانغتسي]] [[bg:Яндзъ]] [[ca:Iang-tsé]] [[cs:Jang-c'-ťiang]] [[da:Yangtze]] [[de:Jangtse]] [[en:Yangtze River]] [[eo:Jangzio]] [[es:Yangzi]] [[et:Jangtse]] [[fa:رودخانه یانگ تسه]] [[fi:Jangtse]] [[fr:Yangzi Jiang]] [[he:יאנגטסה]] [[id:Sungai Panjang]] [[it:Chang Jiang]] [[ja:長江]] [[ko:양쯔 강]] [[lt:Jangdzė]] [[nl:Jangtsekiang]] [[no:Chang Jiang]] [[pl:Jangcy]] [[pt:Yangtzé]] [[rm:Jangtse]] [[ru:Янцзы (река)]] [[simple:Yangtze River]] [[sk:Jang-c'-ťiang]] [[sr:Јангцекјанг]] [[sv:Changjiang]] [[th:แม่น้ำแยงซี]] [[ug:چاڭجياڭ دەرياسى]] [[uk:Янцзи]] [[vi:Dương Tử]] [[zh:长江]] 1572 10470 2006-05-13T06:26:19Z DaGizza 117 {{notsanskrit}} {{notsanskrit}} '''चाओ फ्रया''' दक्षिण पूर्व एशिया महाद्वीपे थैलैंड देशे एका नदी अस्‍ति. ([[Thai alphabet|Thai]] &#3649;&#3617;&#3656;&#3609;&#3657;&#3635;&#3648;&#3592;&#3657;&#3634;&#3614;&#3619;&#3632;&#3618;&#3634;) is a major [[river]] in [[Thailand]], with its low alluvial river plain marking the mainland of the country. It begins at the confluence of the Ping and Yom river at [[Nakhon Sawan]] (also called Pak Nam Pho) in the [[Nakhon Sawan province]]. The Yom and its biggest confluent, the Nan river, flow nearly parallel from [[Phitsanulok]] till Chumsaeng in the north of Nakhon Sawan province. The biggest confluent of the Ping is the Wang river which enters near Wang Chin. The Chao Phraya system drains an area of approximately 160,000 [[square kilometer|km&sup2;]], of which the largest contribution is the Ping with 35,000 km&sup2;. The Chao Phraya runs from north to south for 370 km from the [[Central Thailand|central plains]] to [[Bangkok]] and the [[Gulf of Thailand]]. However in [[Chainat province|Chainat]] the river splits into the main river course and the Tha Chin river, which then flows parallel to the main river and exits to Gulf of Thailand the about 35 km west of Bangkok in Samut Sakhon. In the low alluvial plain which begins below the Chainat dam many small canals (''[[khlong]]'') split off from the main river, used for the irrigation of the rice paddies. Major cities along the river include Bangkok, [[Uthai Thani]], [[Chainat]], [[Singburi]], [[Ang Thong]] and [[Ayutthaya (city)|Ayutthaya]]. ==बाह्य== *[http://www.unesco.org/water/wwap/case_studies/chao_phraya/index.shtml UNESCO नदी वर्णन] [[da:Chao Phraya]] [[de:Chao Phraya]] [[en:Chao Phraya River]] [[fr:Ménam]] [[ja:チャオプラヤー川]] [[ko:차오프라야 강]] [[nl:Menam]] [[no:Chao Phraya]] [[pl:Menam]] [[sv:Chao Phraya]] [[th:แม่น้ำเจ้าพระยา]] [[zh:湄南河]] 1573 13014 2006-12-19T11:46:51Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[am:ጋንጅስ]] '''गङ्गा नदी''' दक्षिण एशिया महाद्वीपे भारत देशे एका नदी अस्‍ति. It originates as the [[Bhagirathi]] from the [[Gangotri Glacier]] in the [[Uttaranchal]] [[Himalayas]] and joins the [[Alaknanda]] near Deoprayag to form the Ganga. Then on, the Ganga flows across the large plains of North India (called the [[Gangetic Plains]]) and empties into the [[Bay of Bengal]] after dividing up into many [[distributary|distributaries]]. One of them is the [[Hoogli River]] near [[Kolkata]], another major distributary being the [[Padma River]] that enters [[Bangladesh]]. The region encompassing the [[delta]] near the Bay of Bengal coast is known as the [[Sunderbans]] (''Beautiful Forests'') &ndash; a region of thick [[mangrove]] forests, and one of the major habitats of the [[tiger|Royal Bengal tiger]]. The [[Yamuna]] River &ndash; a major river in its own right, and nearly as sacred &ndash; is a tributary of the Ganga, and their confluence is near what is the site of the traditional holy Hindu city of [[Prayag]]. Two species of [[dolphin]] can be found in the Ganges, the [[Ganges River Dolphin]] and the [[Irrawaddy Dolphin]]. The Ganges is also notable in that it contains a rare species of [[River_shark|freshwater shark]], [[Glyphis gangeticus]] about which little is known. The Ganga is personified in [[Hinduism]] as a [[goddess]]: Ma (Mother) Ganga, mother of [[Karttikeya]] by [[Agni]]. Several places sacred to Hindus lie along the banks of the river Ganga, including [[Haridwar]] and [[Varanasi]]. It is believed that dipping in the Ganga will wash away one's [[sin]]s, and that having [[cremation|one's ashes disposed]] of in the Ganga after death may improve one's [[reincarnation|next life]] or even allow [[Moksha]] to be attained sooner. Devout Hindus make [[pilgrimage]]s to bathe in the Ganga and to [[meditate]] on its banks. According to the mythological legend, [[Brahma (god)|Brahma]] collected the sweat of [[Vishnu]]'s feet and created Ganga. Being touched by two members of the [[Trimurthi]], Ganga became very holy. Several years later, a king named Sagar magically acquired sixty thousand sons. One day, King Sagar performed a ritual of worship for the good of the Kingdom. One of the integral parts of the ritual was a horse, which was stolen by the jealous [[Indra]]. Sagar sent all his sons all over the earth to search for the horse. They found it in the Underworld next to a penitent sage. Believing that the sage had stolen the horse, they hurled insults at him and caused his penance to be disturbed. The sage opened his eyes for the first time in several years, and looked at the sons of Sagar. With this glance, all sixty thousand burnt to death. The souls of the sons of Sagar wandered as ghosts since their final rites had not been performed. When Bhagiratha, one of the descendants of Sagar by a second wife, learnt of this fate, he vowed to bring Ganga down to Earth so that she could sweep away the ashes to heaven. Bhagiratha prayed to Brahma that Ganga come down to Earth. Brahma agreed, and he ordered Ganga to come down to the earth and then on to the Underworld so that the souls of Bhagiratha's ancestors would be able to go to Heaven. The vain Ganga felt that this was insulting and decided to sweep the whole Earth away as she fell from the Heavens. Alarmed, Bhagiratha prayed to [[Shiva]] that he break up Ganga's descent. Ganga arrogantly fell on Shiva's head. But Shiva calmly trapped her in his hair and let her out in small streams. The touch of Shiva further sanctified Ganga. As Ganga travelled to the Underworld, she created a different stream to remain on Earth to help purify [[am:ጋንጅስ]] [[ang:Gandis]] [[ar:نهر الغانج]] [[bg:Ганг]] [[ca:Ganges]] [[cs:Ganga]] [[da:Ganges]] [[de:Ganges]] [[en:Ganges River]] [[eo:Gango]] [[es:Ganges]] [[et:Ganges]] [[fi:Ganges]] [[fr:Gange]] [[gu:ગંગા]] [[he:גנגס]] [[hi:गंगा]] [[hu:Gangesz]] [[id:Sungai Gangga]] [[it:Gange]] [[ja:ガンジス川]] [[kn:ಗಂಗಾ]] [[ko:갠지스 강]] [[lt:Ganga]] [[ml:ഗംഗ നദി]] [[mr:गंगा नदी]] [[nl:Ganges (rivier)]] [[no:Ganges]] [[pl:Ganges]] [[pt:Rio Ganges]] [[ru:Ганг (река)]] [[simple:Ganges]] [[sk:Ganga]] [[sl:Ganges]] [[sv:Ganges]] [[sw:Ganga (mto)]] [[ta:கங்கை ஆறு]] [[tr:Ganj Nehri]] [[uk:Ганг]] [[vi:Sông Hằng]] [[zh:恆河]] 1574 9781 2005-11-26T20:49:46Z Robbot 71 robot Adding: en, es, fr, sv {{notsanskrit}} '''सरस्‍वती नदी''' दक्षिण एशिया महाद्वीपे भारत देशे एका नदी अस्‍ति. It is now a seasonal river in India, flowing when water is available from monsoon rains. It originates in the Shivalik mountain range of Himachal Pradesh and flows through Haryana and Punjab to Rajasthan, where it disappears into the Thar Desert. The Saraswati flows into the Ghaggar, in Haryana. Until about 2000 BC - 1500 BC, the river was much larger, taking water from other nearby rivers that now flow into the Indus River. The dried-out channel of the river continues into Pakistan where it is known as the Hakra River. Many settlements of the Indus Valley Civilisation have been found along the Ghaggar and Hakra rivers. The rivers are often identified as the Vedic Saraswati River. [[en:Ghaggar-Hakra River]] [[es:Ghaggar]] [[fr:Ghaggar]] [[sv:Ghaggar]] 1575 12740 2006-12-16T17:55:18Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: da, de, en, es, hi, ja, mr, nl, pl, sk, sv, ta, te {{notsanskrit}} '''गोदावरी नदी''' दक्षिण एशिया महाद्वीपे भारत देशे एका नदी अस्‍ति It is a major waterway in [[India]], next to the [[Ganges River|Ganges]] and [[Indus River|Indus]] rivers. It rises at [[Triambak]], near [[Nasik]] and [[Mumbai]] (formerly Bombay) in [[Maharashtra]] around 80 km distant from the [[Arabian Sea]], but flows southeast across south-central India into [[Andhra Pradesh]], and empties into the [[Bay of Bengal]]. Take more details from Marathi wiki [[:mr:गोदावरी]] [[da:Godavari]] [[de:Godavari]] [[en:Godavari River]] [[es:Godavari]] [[fr:Godâvarî]] [[hi:गोदावरी]] [[ja:ゴーダヴァリー川]] [[mr:गोदावरी नदी]] [[nl:Godavari]] [[pl:Godawari]] [[sk:Godavari]] [[sv:Godavari]] [[ta:கோதாவரி]] [[te:గోదావరి]] 1576 12836 2006-12-18T02:45:21Z 201.252.195.205 [[Image:HaiheBasinEn.png|right|thumb|]] '''है हे नदी''' पूर्व एशिया महाद्वीपे चीन देशे एका नदी अस्‍ति. (&#28023;&#27827; hai3 he2; previously spelled '''Peiho''') is a [[river]] in [[China]] which flows through [[Beijing]] and [[Tianjin]] into [[Bohai Gulf]] of the [[Yellow Sea]]. At Tianjin, through the [[Grand Canal of China|Grand Canal]], Hai He connects with the [[Huang He]] and [[Chang Jiang]] rivers. [[en:Hai He]] [[es:Río Hai]] [[pl:Hai He]] [[zh:海河]] 1577 6736 2005-06-16T16:40:36Z 81.225.54.123 +en +no +sv '''हरि रुद नदी''' दक्षिण एशिया महाद्वीपे अफगानिस्‍थान देशे एका नदी अस्‍ति. It is a [[river]] flowing from the mountains of central [[Afghanistan]] to [[Turkmenistan]], where it disappears in the [[Kara-Kum]] desert. ''Rud'' means "river" in [[Persian language|Persian]]. The river originates in the Koh-i Baba mountain range, part of [[Hindu Kush]] system, and follows a relatively straight course to the west. In western Afghanistan the Hari Rud flows to the south of [[Herat]]. The valley around Herat was historically famous for its fertility and dense cultivation. The river meets the [[Jam Rud]] at the site of the [[Minaret of Jam]], said to be the second tallest [[minaret]] in the world at 65 metres. After Herat the river turns northwest, then north, forming the northern part of the border between Afghanistan and [[Iran]]. Further north it forms the south-eastern part of the border between Iran and [[Turkmenistan]]. ==बाह्य== *Minaret of Jam - http://www.unesco.org/bpi/eng/unescopress/2002/02-45e.shtml *[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/middle_east_and_asia/afghanistan_topo86.jpg A map showing the river] from the Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection *1911 [[Britannica Public Domain]] [[en:Hari Rud]] [[no:Hari Rud]] [[sv:Hari Rud]] 1578 13010 2006-12-19T09:21:33Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[am:ቢጫው ወንዝ]] '''हुआंग हे नदी''' पूर्व एशिया महाद्वीपे चीन देशे एका नदी अस्‍ति. ([[Chinese language|Chinese]]: &#40643;&#27827;; [[pinyin]]: Huáng Hé; formerly transliterated in [[Wades-Giles]] as '''Hwang-ho'''), literally the '''Yellow River''', is at 5,463 km the second longest [[river]] in [[China]], only surpassed by the [[Chang Jiang]]. It originates from the [[Yekuzonglie Basin]] at an elevation of 4,500m in the northern slope of the [[Bayankera Mountain]]s in the [[Qingzuang Plateau]]. [[am:ቢጫው ወንዝ]] [[ar:النهر الأصفر]] [[ca:Riu Groc]] [[cs:Žlutá řeka]] [[da:Den Gule Flod]] [[de:Gelber Fluss]] [[en:Yellow River]] [[eo:Flava Rivero]] [[es:Río Amarillo]] [[et:Huang He]] [[fi:Keltainenjoki]] [[fr:Huang He]] [[he:הנהר הצהוב]] [[id:Sungai Kuning]] [[it:Fiume Giallo]] [[ja:黄河]] [[ko:황허 강]] [[lb:Huang He]] [[lt:Huanghe]] [[nl:Gele Rivier]] [[no:Huang He]] [[pl:Huang He]] [[pt:Rio Amarelo]] [[ru:Хуанхэ (река)]] [[sk:Chuang-che]] [[sr:Хоангхо]] [[sv:Huanghe]] [[ug:سېرىق دەريا]] [[uk:Хуанхе]] [[vi:Hoàng Hà]] [[zh:黄河]] 1579 9763 2005-11-15T06:26:34Z 24.251.68.75 {{notsanskrit}} '''सिन्‍धु नदी''' दक्षिण एशिया महाद्वीपे भारत पाकिस्‍तान च देशे एका नदी अस्‍ति. The Indus then flows northwest through [[Gilgit-Baltistan]] just south of the [[Karakoram]] range, then gradually bends to the south, coming out of the hills between [[Peshawar]] and [[Rawalpindi]]. It is dammed in this area also, forming the [[Tarbela Reservoir]]. The remainder of its route to the sea is in plains of the [[Punjab]] and [[Sind]], and the river becomes slow-flowing highly braided. Passing by [[Hyderabad, Pakistan|Hyderabad]], it ends in a large delta to the southeast of [[Karachi]] that has now been recognised by conservationists as one of the world's most important ecological regions. The [[Indus River Dolphin]], modern genetic studies show, lives both in the Indus River and in the [[Ganges River|Ganges]]. The two populations were formerly considered distinct species. It formerly occurred in the tributaries of the Indus also and may have extended into the northwestern extremities of the Indian Province of [[Punjab]]. The Indus is one of the few rivers in the world that exhibit a [[tidal bore]]. Tributaries: * [[Gilgit River]] * [[Gizar River]] * [[Hunza River]] * [[Gumal River]] * [[Zhob River]] * [[Kabul River]] * [[Kunar River]] * [[Sutlej River]] * [[Beas River]] * [[Chenab River]] * [[Jhelum River]] * [[Ravi River]] ==External Links== * The Changing Northern Areas [[http://www.dawn.com/events/lifestyle2002/ls16.htm]] * Pakistan's Northern Areas dilemma[[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/1491179.stm]] * Northern Areas Development Gateway[[http://www.northernareas.org.pk]] * Pakistan's Northern Areas [[http://paknews.com/articles.php?id=1&date1=2003-04-17]] * Northern Pakistan's Karakoram & Hindukush Mountains [[http://www.monitor.net/~jmko/karakoram/about-kh.htm]] * The Mountain Areas Conservancy Project [[http://www.macp-pk.org/home.asp]] [[ca:Indus]] [[cs:Indus]] [[da:Indus]] [[en:Indus River]] [[eo:Induso]] [[es:Indo (río)]] [[et:Indus]] [[fr:Indus]] [[hi:सिन्धु नदी]] [[ja:インダス川]] [[nl:Indus (rivier)]] [[no:Indus]] [[pl:Indus]] [[sa:सिन्‍धु नदी]] [[sv:Indus]] [[ta:சிந்து நதி]] [[zh:印度河]] 1580 9147 2005-07-17T21:01:42Z Robbot 71 robot Adding: en, pl, no, ja, nl, fr, et, de, sv '''इरावती नदी''' दक्षिण पूर्व एशिया महाद्वीपे मयन्‍मार देशे एका नदी अस्‍ति. It is Myanmar's most important commercial [[waterway]]. Its total [[drainage area]] is about 158,700 square miles (411,000 square km). It is about 1,350 [[mile|miles]] (2,170 [[km]]) long. It starts in the southern [[Himalayas]], dissects the land from north to south and empties through a nine armed [[River delta|delta]] into the [[Indian Ocean]]. In [[colonial]] times, before [[railways]] and car roads the river was known as the "Road to Mandalay". Its name is believed to derive from the [[Sanskrit]] term "airavati", meaning "elephant river". The Irrawaddy gives its name to a [[dolphin]], the [[Irrawaddy Dolphin]] ''Orcaella brevistosus'', which is found in the river. Though sometimes called the Irrawaddy River Dolphin, it is not a true [[river dolphin]], since it is also found at sea. [[de:Irawadi]] [[en:Ayeyarwady]] [[et:Ayeyarwady piirkond]] [[fr:Irrawaddy]] [[ja:エーヤワディー川]] [[nl:Ayeyarwady]] [[no:Irrawaddy]] [[pl:Irawadi]] [[sv:Irrawaddy]] 1581 12674 2006-12-15T06:10:21Z Escarbot 175 robot Modifying: [[he:נהר הירדן]] '''जार्दन नदी''' पश्‍चिम एशिया महाद्वीपे एका नदी अस्‍ति. is a [[river]] in western [[Asia]] flowing through the Jordan [[Great Rift Valley|Rift Valley]] into the [[Dead Sea]]. It arises from springs at the base of Mount [[Hermon]]. One spring forms the stream Nahal Senir, the second (Banaias at [[Caesarea Philippi]] forms the stream Naahal Hermon, the third forms the stream Nahal Dan, all three of which merge to form the Jordan. The Jordan drops rapidly in a seventy-five kilometer run to swampy [[Lake Merom]], which is slightly below sea level in the Rift Valley. Exiting the lake, it drops much more in about 25 kilometers to the [[Sea of Galilee]], also known as Kinnereth. The last section has less [[stream gradient|gradient]], and the river begins to [[meander]] before it enters the [[Dead Sea]], which is about 400 meters below sea level and has no outlet. Two major tributaries enter from the east during this last phase, the Rivers Yarmuk and [[Jabbok]]. Its section north of [[Sea of Galilee]] is within the boundaries of [[Israel]]. South of the lake, it forms the border between the kingdom of [[Jordan]] (to the east) and Israel (to the west). Further south, it forms the border between Jordan and the [[West Bank]]. [[ar:نهر الأردن]] [[bg:Йордан]] [[bn:জর্দান নদী]] [[ca:Riu Jordà]] [[cs:Jordán]] [[da:Jordan (flod)]] [[de:Jordan]] [[el:Ιορδάνης ποταμός]] [[en:Jordan River]] [[eo:Jordano]] [[es:Río Jordán]] [[et:Jordani jõgi]] [[fi:Jordan (joki)]] [[fr:Jourdain]] [[gd:Abhainn Iòrdan]] [[he:נהר הירדן]] [[it:Giordano]] [[ja:ヨルダン川]] [[lt:Jordanas]] [[nl:Jordaan (rivier)]] [[nn:Jordanelva]] [[pl:Jordan (rzeka)]] [[pt:Rio Jordão]] [[ru:Иордан (река)]] [[scn:Ciumi Giurdanu]] [[sv:Jordan]] [[wa:Djordin (aiwe)]] [[zh:约旦河]] 1582 10921 2006-07-25T18:55:21Z 201.41.29.133 # 6,762 km - [[एमजान नदी]], [[ब्रसिल् - दक्षिण अमेरिका]] # 6,690 km - [[नील नदी]], [[अफ्रीका]] # 6,380 km - [[चांग जियांग]], [[चीन]] # 6,270 km - [[मिसिसिपी नदी]]-[[मिसूरी नदी]], [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] # 5,550 km - [[येनिसे नदी]]-[[अंगारा नदी]], [[मंगोलिया]] / [[रूस]], (5,870 km) # 5,410 km - [[ओब नदी]]-[[इर्तिश नदी]], [[उत्तर एशिया]] # 4,410 km - [[अमूर]], [[पूर्व एशिया]] # 4,380 km - [[कौंगो नदी]], [[अफ्रीका]], (or 4,670 km, the source of the river is disputed.) # 4,350 km - [[Huang He]] (Yellow), [[चीन ]], (or 5,463 km) # 4,425 km - [[Mekong]], [[दक्षिण पूर्व एशिया]] # 4,260 km - [[Lena]], [[Russia]] ([[उत्तर Asia]]) # 4,240 km - [[Mackenzie River|Mackenzie]], [[Canada]] # 4,184 km - [[Niger River|Niger]], [[अफ्रीका]], 4,167 km (4,030 km) (4,200 km) # 3,998 km - [[परणा नदी|परणा]], [[ब्रसिल् - दक्षिण अमेरिका]], (4,500 km) (3,300 km) (3,700 km) # 3,717 km - [[Murray]]-[[Darling River|Darling]], [[Australia]], (3,750 km) (2,574 km) # 3,685 km - [[Volga]], [[Russia]] ([[Europe]]) (3,530 km without the delta) # 3,596 km - [[Shatt al-Arab]]-[[Euphrates]], [[Southwest Asia]] # 3,379 km - [[Purus]], [[Brazil]], (2,948 km) (3,210 km) # 3,239 km - [[Madeira]], [[ब्रसिल् - दक्षिण अमेरिका]] # 3,199 km - [[Rio São Francisco|São Francisco]], [[ब्रसिल् - दक्षिण अमेरिका]], (2,900 km) (3,161 km) # 3,184 km - [[Yukon River]], [[Canada]] / [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] # 3,180 km - [[Indus River|Indus]], [[भारत]] # 3,058 km - [[Saint Lawrence River|Saint Lawrence]], [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] / [[Canada]] # 3,057 km - [[Rio Grande]], [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] / [[Mexico]], (2 870 km) (2 896 km) # 2,896 km - [[Brahmaputra]], [[भारत]] # 2,858 km - [[Danube]], [[यूरोप]] # 2,650 km - [[Zambezi]], [[Southern Africa]] # 2,510 km - [[Ganges River]], [[भारत]] / [[Bangladesh]] # 2,129 km - [[Xi Jiang]], [[People's Republic of China]] # 3,078 km - [[Syr Darya]], [[Central Asia]], (2 212 km) # 3,060 km - [[Salween River]], [[South-East Asia]], (2 600 km) # 2,989 km - [[Lower Tunguska]], [[Russia]] ([[North Asia]]) # 2,750 km - [[Tocantins]], [[Brazil]], (2,416 km) (2,640 km) # 2,650 km - [[Vilyuy]], [[Russia]] ([[उत्तर Asia]]) # 2,620 km - [[Amu Darya]], [[Central Asia]] # 2,549 km - [[Paraguay River|Paraguay]], [[दक्षिण अमेरिका]] # 2,570 km - [[Nelson River|Nelson]]-[[Saskatchewan River|Saskatchewan]], [[Canada]] # 2,534 km - [[Ural River|Ural]], [[Russia]] / [[Kazakhstan]], (2,428 km) # 2,513 km - [[Kolyma]], [[Russia]] ([[उत्तर Asia]]), (2,219 km) # 2,500 km - [[Orinoco]], [[Venezuela]] / [[Colombia]], (2 140 km) (3 000 km) # 2,490 km - Upper [[Ob River|Ob]], [[Russia]] ([[उत्तर Asia]]) # 2,490 km - [[Shabele River|Shabele]], [[Ethiopia]] / [[Somalia]] # 2,450 km - [[Ishim River|Ishim]], [[Kazakhstan]] / [[Russia]] # 2,348 km - [[Arkansas River|Arkansas]], [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] # 2,333 km - [[Colorado River (U.S.)|Colorado]], [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] / [[Mexico]], (2,250 km) # 2,300 km - [[Ubangi River|Ubangi]], [[अफ्रीका]] # 2,292 km - [[Olenyok River|Olenyok]], [[Russia]] ([[उत्तर Asia]]) # 2,285 km - [[Dnieper]], [[यूरोप]] # 2,273 km - [[Aldan River|Aldan]], [[Russia]] ([[उत्तर Asia]]) # 2,250 km - [[Columbia River|Columbia]], [[Canada]] / [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]], (1,953 km) # 2,250 km - [[Rio Negro]], [[दक्षिण अमेरिका]] # 2,188 km - [[Red River (Mississippi watershed)|Red]], [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] # 2,153 km - [[Kasai River|Kasai]], [[Angola]] / [[अफ्रीका]] # 2,150 km - [[Irrawaddy]], [[Myanmar]], (1,880 km) # 2,100 km - [[Tarim]], [[चीन]] # 1,978 km - [[Vitim River|Vitim]], [[Russia]] ([[उत्तर Asia]]) # 1,950 km - [[Tigris]], [[Turkey]] / [[Iraq]] # 1,927 km - [[Songhua River|Songhua]], [[चीन]] # 1,870 km - [[Don River, Russia|Don]], [[Russia]] ([[यूरोप]]) # 1,865 km - [[Stony Tunguska]], [[Russia]] ([[उत्तर Asia]]) # 1,860 km - [[Orange River|Orange]], [[Southern Africa]] # 1,809 km - [[Pechora]], [[Russia]] ([[यूरोप]]) # 1,805 km - [[Kama River|Kama]], [[Russia]] ([[यूरोप]]) # 1,800 km - [[Limpopo River|Limpopo]], [[अफ्रीका]] # 1,726 km - [[Indigirka River|Indigirka]], [[Russia]] ([[उत्तर Asia]]) # 1,670 km - [[Snake River|Snake]], [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] # 1,641 km - [[Senegal River|Senegal]], [[West अफ्रीका]] # 1,600 km - [[Blue Nile]], [[Ethiopia]] / [[Sudan]] # 1,600 km - [[Churchill River (Hudson Bay)|Churchill]], [[Canada]] # 1,600 km - [[Khatanga River|Khatanga]], [[Russia]] ([[North Asia]]) # 1,600 km - [[Volta]], [[West अफ्रीका]] # 1,600 km - [[Okavango]], [[Southern Africa]] # 1,594 km - [[Platte River|Platte]], [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] # 1,591 km - [[Tobol]], [[Kazakhstan]] / [[Russia]] # 1,569 km - [[Ohio River|Ohio]], [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] # 1,550 km - [[Magdalena River|Magdalena]], [[Colombia]] # 1,532 km - [[Han River (Chang Jiang)|Han]], [[चीन]] # 1,500 km - [[Lomami]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] # 1,500 km - [[Oka River|Oka]], [[Russia]] ([[यूरोप]]) # 1,490 km - [[Pecos River|Pecos]], [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] # 1,480 km - Upper [[Yenisei]], [[Mongolia]] / [[Russia]] # 1,465 km - [[Godavari]], [[भारत]] # 1,438 km - [[Colorado River (Texas)|Colorado]], [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] # 1,420 km - [[Belaya]], [[Russia]] ([[यूरोप]]) # 1,411 km - [[Dniestr]], [[Ukraine]] / [[Moldova]], (1,352 km) # 1,400 km - [[Benue]], [[Cameroon]] / [[Nigeria]] # 1,400 km - [[Ili River|Ili]], [[People's Republic of China]] / [[Kazakhstan]] # 1,376 km - [[Yamuna]], [[भारत]] # 1,370 km - [[Sutlej]], [[भारत]] / [[Pakistan]] # 1,370 km - [[Vyatka River|Vyatka]], [[Russia]] ([[यूरोप]]) # 1,368 km - [[Fraser River|Fraser]], [[Canada]] # 1,352 km - [[Brazos River|Brazos]], [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] # 1,345 km - [[Liao River|Liao]], [[चीन]] # 1,323 km - [[Yalong River|Yalong]], [[चीन]] # 1,320 km - [[Olekma]], [[Russia]] ([[उत्तर Asia]]) # 1,320 km - [[Rhine]], [[यूरोप]] # 1,310 km - [[Northern Dvina]], [[Russia]] ([[यूरोप]]) # 1,300 km - [[River Krishna|Krishna]], [[भारत]] # 1,289 km - [[Narmada]], [[भारत]] # 1,271 km - [[Ottawa River|Ottawa]], [[Canada]] # 1,242 km - [[Zeya River|Zeya]], [[Russia]] ([[East Asia]]) # 1,236 km - Upper [[Mississippi River|Mississippi]], [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] # 1,231 km - [[Athabasca River|Athabasca]], [[Canada]] # 1,223 km - [[Canadian River|Canadian]], [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] # 1,220 km - [[North Saskatchewan River|North Saskatchewan]], [[Canada]] # 1,210 km - [[Vaal River|Vaal]], [[South Africa]] # 1,190 km - [[Nen River|Nen]], [[चीन]] # 1,175 km - [[Green River (Utah)|Green]], [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] # 1,159 km - [[Elbe]], [[Czech Republic]] / [[Germany]], (1 165 km) # 1,158 km - [[Chindwin]], [[Myanmar]] # 1,130 km - [[Helmand River|Helmand]], [[Afghanistan]] / [[Iran]] # 1,130 km - [[Vychegda]], [[Russia]] ([[यूरोप]]) # 1,120 km - [[Anadyr]], [[Russia]] ([[उत्तर Asia]]) # 1,115 km - [[Liard River|Liard]], [[Canada]] # 1,102 km - [[White River (Arkansas)|White]], [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] # 1,094 km - [[Gambia River|Gambia]], [[West अफ्रीका]] # 1,086 km - [[Chenab]], [[भारत]] / [[Pakistan]] # 1,080 km - [[Yellowstone River|Yellowstone]], [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] # 1,078 km - [[Donets]], [[Ukraine]] / [[Russia]], (1 053 km) # 1,050 km - [[Kuskokwim River|Kuskokwim]], [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] # 1,049 km - [[Tennessee River|Tennessee]], [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] # 1,020 km - [[Daugava]], [[यूरोप]] # 1,015 km - [[Gila River|Gila]], [[संयुक्त राज्‍य अमेरिका]] # 1,014 km - [[Vistula]], [[Poland]] # 1,012 km - [[Loire]], [[France]] # 1,010 km - [[Khoper]], [[Russia]] ([[यूरोप]]) # 1,006 km - [[Tagus]], [[Spain]] / [[Portugal]] [[bg:Списък на реки по дължина]] [[de:Liste der längsten Flüsse der Erde]] [[en:List of rivers by length]] [[fa:فهرست رودخانه‌های جهان]] [[fr:Liste des plus longs fleuves]] [[ko:세계의 강 (길이 순)]] [[he:הנהרות הארוכים בעולם]] [[ja:長さ順の川の一覧]] [[pt:Rios mais extensos do mundo]] [[sa:नदी-सूची-प्रमुख]] [[sl:Seznam rek po velikosti]] [[fi:Luettelo joista pituuden mukaan]] 1585 9359 2005-08-16T19:57:19Z Yann 25 <big>Thanks to Tim Starling, all of this work was copied to [http://wikisource.org/wiki/ऋग्वेदः Wikisource] on 23 July 2005.<br/>Therefore these pages were deleted from the Sanskrit Wikipedia.</big> For any questions, ask [[m:User:Yann|Yann]] (Meta) or [http://wikisource.org/wiki/User:Yann Yann] (Wikisource). '''ऋग्वेद:''' अधस्‍तात्‌ मण्‍डलानि सूक्तानि सन्‍ति - *[[ऋग्वेद: मण्डल १]] - 191 *[[ऋग्वेद: मण्डल २]] - 43 *[[ऋग्वेद: मण्डल ३]] - 62 *[[ऋग्वेद: मण्डल ४]] - 58 *[[ऋग्वेद: मण्डल ५]] - 87 *[[ऋग्वेद: मण्डल ६]] - 75 *[[ऋग्वेद: मण्डल ७]] - 104 *[[ऋग्वेद: मण्डल ८]] - 92 *[[ऋग्वेद: मण्डल ९]] - 114 *[[ऋग्वेद: मण्डल १०]] - 191 योग: -1,017 + 11 खिल = 1,028 अन्यत्र (http://www.sanskritweb.net/rigveda/index.htm) ऋग्वेद संहिता, ग्रिफ़्फ़ित्ना कृतम् संहितानुवादञ्च वर्तन्ते अन्यत्र (http://www.vedamu.org/vedas/vedas.asp) विद्रायण्येन कृतं ऋग्वेद शाकल शाखा संहिता भाष्यम्, ऐतरेय ब्राह्मण भाष्यं, कौषीतकी ब्राह्मण भाष्यं, ऐतरेय आरण्यक भाष्यं , आन्ध्र भाषे संहितानुवादं , ऐतरेय उपनिषत् मूलं, हिन्दी भाषे ऐतरेय उपनिषत् अनुवादञ्च वर्तन्ते 1598 6757 2004-10-08T15:52:44Z 65.0.124.140 '''राम नाथ काक''' ([[१९१७]]-[[१९९३]]) एक: विख्‍यात लेखक: आसीत्‌. {{stub}} 1599 10200 2006-02-11T23:55:01Z Zwobot 86 robot Adding: de, en '''अविनाश काक:''' (१९४४ - ) एक: विख्‍यात संगणक-शास्‍त्रं वैज्ञानिक: अस्‍ति. ==Bibliography== *''Digital Picture Processing'' (1982) *''Principles of Computerized Tomographic Imaging'' (1988) *''Programming With Objects: A Comparative Presentation of Object Oriented Programming with C++ and Java'' (2003) {{stub}} [[de:Avinash Kak]] [[en:Avinash Kak]] 1910 9762 2005-11-15T06:26:07Z 24.251.68.75 {{notsanskrit}} '''सरस्‍वती लिपि''' script, also called the ''Sarasvati script'', is the oldest script to have been used in [[India]]. In its mature phase it has been traced to 2600-1900 BC, although its earliest forms go back to 3300 BC. After 1900 BC, the script was used less frequently. == External link == * http://www.harappa.com/script/ [[en:Indus script]] 1911 11617 2006-11-12T03:06:08Z देशा 218 '''ब्राह्मी लिपि''' [[भारत]] देशस्य पुरातन लिपि अस्ति। इदं प्राचीन [[सरस्वती लिपि|सरस्वती लिपे]] परिवर्त्तित रूपं अस्ति। Brahmic scripts are ultimately descended from the [[Brahmi|Brahmi script]] for ancient [[Sanskrit]]. The most prominent member of the family is [[Devanagari]], which is used to write several languages in [[India]], as well as [[Nepal]], including both [[Indo-Aryan languages]] and [[Dravidian language]]s. [[Burmese language|Burmese]], [[Khmer language|Cambodian]], [[Thai language|Thai]], and [[Tibetan language|Tibetan]] are also written in Brahmic scripts, though with considerable modification to suit their [[phonology]]. The [[Siddham]] script was especially important in [[Buddhism]] because many [[sutra]]s were written in it, and the art of Siddham [[calligraphy]] survives today in [[Japan]]. Characteristics include: * The inherent vowel is short 'a' (in [[Bengali]], it is short 'o', which comes from [[Sanskrit]] short 'a'). Other vowels are written by adding to the character. * 'u' is written below, short 'i' is written to the left if distinct from long 'i'. * Consonants can be combined. Special marks are added to denote the combination of 'r' with another consonant. * [[Nasalization]] is written with a dot above the letter. == List of Brahmic Scripts encoded in Unicode == * [[Bengali script|Bengali]] * [[Burmese alphabet|Burmese]] * [[Devanagari]] * [[Gurmukhi script|Gurmukhi]] * [[Gujarati script|Gujarati]] * [[Hanunoo alphabet|Hanunoo]] * [[Javanese script|Javanese]] * [[Kannada alphabet|Kannada]] * [[Khmer alphabet|Khmer]] * [[Lao alphabet|Lao]] * [[Limbu alphabet|Limbu]] * [[Malayalam alphabet|Malayalam]] * [[Oriya alphabet|Oriya]] * [[Tai Le alphabet|Tai Le]] * [[Tamil alphabet|Tamil]] * [[Telugu alphabet|Telugu]] * [[Thai alphabet|Thai]] * [[Sinhala alphabet|Sinhala]] * [[Tibetan script|Tibetan]] * [[Tagalog alphabet|Tagalog]] == See also == * [[ISCII]] &mdash; the coding scheme specifically designed to represent Indic scripts. == External links == *[http://people.w3.org/rishida/scripts/indic-overview/ An Introduction to Indic Scripts] *[http://www.ancientscripts.com/sa_ws.html South Asian Writing Systems] *[http://www.mandalar.com/DisplayJ/Bonji/index.html Bonji Siddham] Character&Pronunciation [[en:Brahmi script]] [[hi:ब्राह्मी लिपि]] 1977 11246 2006-09-09T08:59:20Z 221.135.220.113 '''सुभाषितानि''' # सर्वतीर्थमयी माता सर्वदेवमय: पिता<br> मातरं पितरं तस्‍मात्‌ सर्वयत्‍नेन पूजयेत्‌. १ # माता शत्रुः पिता वैरी येन बालो न पाठित:<br> न शोभते सभामध्‍ये हंसमध्‍ये बको यथा. २ # नास्‍ति लोभसमो व्‍याधि: नास्‍ति क्रोधसमो रिपु: <br> नास्‍ति दारिद्रयवद्‌ दु:खं नास्‍ति ज्ञानात्‍परं सुखम्‌. ३ # भोजनांते च किं पेयम्‌। <br> जयंत: कस्‍य वै सुत:। <br> कथं विष्‍णुपदं प्रोक्‍तम्‌। <br> तक्रं शक्रस्‍य दुर्लभम्‌। ४ # कस्‍तुरी जायते कस्‍मात्‌। <br> को हन्‍ति करीणां शतम्‌। <br> किं कुर्यात्‌ कातरो युद्धे। <br> मृगात्‌ सिंह: पलायते। ५ # केशवं पतितं दृष्‍ट्वा‌ द्रोणो हर्षं उपागत:। <br> कौरवा: रूदन्‍ति हा हा केशव केशव। ६ # द्वन्‍द्वोहम् द्विगुरपिचाहम्‌। <br> मद्गेहे नित्‍य अव्‍ययीभाव:। <br> तत्‍पुरुष कर्मधारय। <br> येनाहम्‌ स्‍याम् बहुव्रीही। ७ # पुरा कविनां गणनाप्रसंगे कनिष्‍ठिकाधिष्‍ठितकालिदास: । <br> अद्यापि तत्‍तुल्‍यकवेरभावात्‌ अनामिका सार्थवती बभूव । ९ # सत्यं ब्रूयात् प्रियं ब्रूयात् न ब्रूयात् सत्यमप्रियं । <br> प्रियं च नानृतं ब्रूयात् एष धर्मस्सनातनः ॥ १० # दानेन पाणिर्नतु कंकणेन । <br> स्नानेन शुध्दिर्नतु चन्दनेन । <br> मानेन तृप्तिर्नतु भोजनेन । <br> ज्ञानेन युक्तिर्नतु मुंडनेन ॥ ११ # संसारविषवृक्षस्य द्वे फले ह्यमृतोपमे‌ । <br> सुभाषितरसास्वाद: संगति: सुजनै: सह‌ ॥ १२ # गगनम् गगनाकारं सागरः सागरोपमः। <br> रामरावणयोर्युद्धमं रामरावणयोरिव॥ १३ # निन्दन्तु नीतिनिपुणाः यदि वा स्तुवन्तु <br> लक्ष्मीः समाविशतु गच्छतु वा यथेष्टम्।<br> अद्यैव वा मरणमस्तु युगान्तरे वा<br> न्याय्यात्पथः प्रविचलन्ति पदं न धीराः॥ १४<br> — भर्तृहरेः नीतिशतकम् # अपि स्वर्णमयी लङ्का न मे लक्ष्मण रोचते।<br> जननी जन्मभूमिश्च स्वर्गादपि गरियसी॥ १५ '''[[इदानीं सुभाषितानां वर्गीकरणम्]] ''' {{stub}} 1988 13026 2006-12-20T05:15:36Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[bpy:চিত্তৌরগড়]], [[sv:Chittorgarh]] Modifying: [[en:Chittorgarh]] '''चित्तौड''' नगरं [[महाराणा प्रताप]]स्‍य मेवाड राजस्‍य राजधानी आसीत्‌. अत: प्रसिद्धम्‌. तावत्‌ चेतक स्मारकं दर्शनीयम्‌. [[bpy:চিত্তৌরগড়]] [[en:Chittorgarh]] [[sv:Chittorgarh]] 1989 7145 2004-10-13T01:17:00Z 65.0.116.49 '''राज्ञी: लक्ष्मीबाई''' (१८३५-१८५८) अस्या: जन्म महाराष्ट्रे अभूत्‌, शैशवं बिठूरे व्‍यतीतम्‌. तत्र सा शास्‍त्रविद्यां शस्त्रविद्यां च अलभत्‌. विवाहानन्तरं मनुदेवी लक्ष्मीबाई इति प्रसिद्धा. राज्ञया: राज्यं आंग्ला: अपाहरन्‌. राज्ञी आंग्लानाम्‌ विरुद्धम्‌ विरतया युद्घं अकरोत्‌. युद्घे सा द्वाभ्यामपि कराभ्यां खड्गमचालयत्‌. अल्प सेनाया: कारणेन्‌ सा पराजिता अभवत्‌. राज्ञया: कीर्ति: अमरा अस्‍ति. ==जालगवाक्षं== *[http://www.jhansi.nic.in/rani.htm राज्ञी: लक्ष्मीबाई] *[http://www.bhagatsingh.com/rani_lakshmi_bai.htm चित्रं] 2001 7157 2004-10-13T14:38:56Z 65.0.101.17 #REDIRECT [[मोहनदास करमचन्द गान्धी]] 2002 7158 2004-10-13T18:31:21Z 130.39.222.122 ==त्रिमूर्ति== * [[ब्रह्मा]] *[[विष्‍णु]] *[[महेश]] ===वैदिक देवा:=== *[[अग्‍नि]] *[[इन्‍द्र]] *[[मित्र]] *[[सूर्य]] *[[वायु]] *[[वरुण]] *[[यम]] *[[कुबेर]] *[[सोम]] *[[काम]] *[[गायत्री]] *[[अदिति]] *[[उषा]] *[[सरस्‍वती]] ===[[विष्‍णु अवतार]]=== *[[मत्‍स्‍य]] *[[कूर्म]] *[[वराह]] *[[नृसिंह]] *[[वामन]] *[[परशुराम]] *[[राम]] *[[कृष्‍ण]] *[[बुद्घ]] *[[कल्‍कि]] ===अन्‍य=== *[[गणेश]] *[[पार्वती]] *[[कार्त्तिकेय]] *[[सीता]] *[[हनुमान]] *[[शक्ति]] *[[देवी]] *[[कालि]] *[[दुर्गा]] *[[लक्ष्‍मी]] *[[अम्‍मन्‌]] 2004 7160 2004-10-13T20:47:28Z 130.39.222.122 #REDIRECT [[स्‍तोत्राणि]] 2008 7164 2004-10-18T21:23:57Z 130.39.222.122 '''रेल परिवहन''' ==बाह्य संकेत== *[http://www.travelwalk.net/tokyo.htm Travel Walk] - Shortcut to Japan's Trains *[http://irfca.org/users/sundar/] Indian train gallery 2009 7165 2004-10-19T23:55:02Z 65.0.106.27 '''चन्‍द्रगुप्त:''' (३१९-३३५) भारतस्‍य सम्राट आसीत्‌. तस्‍य राज्ञी: लिछ्छवी-कुमारी आसीत्‌. स: अयोध्‍या, साकेत, एवं मगध अधिपति आसीत्‌. तस्‍य पुत्र: सम्राट [[समुद्रगुप्त]] आसीत्‌. *[[गुप्त वंश]] 2010 11087 2006-08-18T22:45:47Z Escarbot 175 robot Adding: fr, gl, nl, pt, sv '''समुद्रगुप्त:''' (३३५-३८०) भारतस्‍य सम्राट आसीत्‌. तस्‍य पुत्रा: सन्‍ति *[[रामगुप्त]] *[[चन्द्रगुप्त २]] *[[गुप्त वंश]] {{stub}} [[en:Samudragupta]] [[fr:Samudragupta]] [[gl:Samudragupta]] [[nl:Samudra-Gupta]] [[pt:Samudragupta]] [[sv:Samudragupta]] 2011 7167 2004-10-21T00:28:58Z 68.155.122.162 '''गुप्त वंश''' *[[चन्‍द्रगुप्त १]] *[[समुद्रगुप्त]] - (३३५-३८०) 2034 7190 2005-03-24T05:34:29Z 211.128.73.214 +ja: '''चन्द्रगुप्त २''' (३७५-४१३/५) भारतस्‍य सम्राट आसीत्‌. [[en:Chandragupta II]] [[ja:チャンドラグプタ2世]] [[sv:Chandragupta II]] 2036 11830 2006-11-23T05:44:58Z कलिकल 220 '''सुमित्रा नन्दन पन्त''' हिन्दी भाषाया: महान लेखक: आसीत्‌. ==पश्‍य== *[[हिन्दी साहित्यं]] [[hi:सुमित्रा नन्दन पन्त]] 2037 11832 2006-11-23T05:46:19Z कलिकल 220 '''मैथिलि शरण गुप्त''' हिन्दी भाषाया: महान लेखक: आसीत्‌. ==पश्‍य== *[[हिन्दी साहित्यं]] [[hi:मैथिलि शरण गुप्त]] 2038 11827 2006-11-23T05:42:59Z कलिकल 220 '''महादेवी वर्मा''' (१९०७-१९८७) [[प्रयाग]]नगरे जात:. हिन्दी भाषाया: महान लेखिका आसीत्‌. सा [[छायावाद]]स्‍य प्रवर्तिका. ==पश्‍य== *[[हिन्दी साहित्यं]] ===ग्रन्था:=== *अतीत के चलचित्र *स्मृति की रेखाएं *दीपशिखा, 1942. [[en:Mahadevi Varma]] [[hi:महादेवी वर्मा]] 2039 7195 2004-10-26T23:11:24Z 65.0.105.194 #REDIRECT [[सच्चिदानन्द वात्स्यायन]] 2040 11831 2006-11-23T05:45:39Z कलिकल 220 '''सूर्यकान्त त्रिपाठी निराला''' हिन्दी भाषाया: महान लेखक: आसीत्‌. ==पश्‍य== *[[हिन्दी साहित्यं]] [[hi:सूर्यकान्त त्रिपाठी निराला]] 2041 12143 2006-11-30T18:05:52Z सहाय 223 '''जयशंकर प्रसाद''' (1889-1937) [[हिन्दी ]] भाषाया: महान लेखक: आसीत्‌. ==उदाहरण कविता== बीती विभावरी जाग री! बीती विभावरी जाग री! अम्बर पनघट में डुबो रही तारा घट ऊषा नागरी। खग कुल-कुल-कुल सा बोल रहा, किस लय का अंचल डोल रहा, लो यह लतिका भी भर लाई मधु मुकुल नवल रस गागरी। अधरों में राग अमंद पिये, अलकों में मलयज बंद किये तू अब तक सोई है आली आँखों में भरे विहाग री। - जयशंकर प्रसाद ==पश्‍य== *[[हिन्दी साहित्यं]] ==बाहरी कड़ियां== * [http://poets-hindipoem.blogspot.com/2006/09/jaishankar-prasad.html जयशंकर प्रसाद की श्रेष्ठ रचनायें] * [http://hi.literature.wikia.com/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6 जयशंकर प्रसाद (कविता कोश)] * [http://www.anubhuti-hindi.org/gauravgram/prasad/index.htm जयशंकर प्रसाद (अनुभूति)] * [http://www.abhivyakti-hindi.org/lekhak/j/jaishanker_prasad.htm जयशंकर प्रसाद (अभिव्यक्ति में)] [[en:Jaishankar Prasad]] [[hi:जयशंकर प्रसाद]] 2042 7198 2004-10-22T02:51:54Z 68.159.29.39 '''शारदा-पीठ''' यत्र [[शारदा देवी]]या: प्राचीन तीर्थस्थान आसीत्‌, विद्यापीठ च. इदानीं एतत्‌ जीर्ण-अवस्थां अस्ति. ===बाह्य=== *[http://www.savesharda.org शारदा देवी मन्दिर] [[ks:शारदा-पीठ]] 2043 7199 2004-10-22T17:37:40Z 130.39.222.122 *[[चित्रकला]] *[[शिल्पकला]] *[[नाट्यकला]] 2044 7200 2004-10-23T23:15:56Z 68.159.17.126 '''नेहरू-गान्धी परिवार''' भारतस्‍य राजनीतिये अति शक्तिशाली अस्ति. *[[मोतीलाल नेहरू]] *[[जवाहरलाल नेहरू]] *[[इन्दिरा गान्धी]] *[[राजीव गान्धी]] *[[सोनिया गान्धी]] *[[विजयलक्ष्मी पण्डित]] 2045 7201 2004-11-10T06:51:31Z 81.220.107.14 HasharBot - warnfile Adding:en '''शिमोगा''' (शिव-मोगा) कर्णाटक प्रदेशे नगरं अस्ति. *[[कर्णाटक]] [[en:Shimoga]] [[kn:ಶಿವಮೊಗ್ಗ]] 2046 10552 2006-05-17T05:21:55Z DaGizza 117 remove non saskrit stuff '''कूडली''' कर्णाटक प्रदेशे नगरं अस्ति. [[en:Koodli]] [[kn:ಕೂಡ್ಲಿ]] 2047 9492 2005-09-05T21:23:21Z Zwobot 86 robot Adding: de, en '''विजयलक्ष्मी नेहरू पण्डित''' (1900-1990)भारतस्य राजदूती आसीत्‌. सा [[जवाहरलाल नेहरू]] महाभागस्‍य भगिनि आसीत्‌. [[de:Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit]] [[en:Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit]] 2048 10418 2006-04-23T07:37:09Z 203.115.77.200 /* स */ '''सूक्तय:''' ==अ== # अङ्गुलिप्रवेशात्‌ बाहुप्रवेश:| # अजा सिंहप्रसादेन वने चरति निर्भयम्‌| # अति तृष्णा विनाशाय| # अतिपरिचयादवज्ञा। # अतिभक्ति चोरलक्षणम्‌| # अति सर्वत्र वर्जयेत्। # अधिकस्याधिकं फलम्। # अनतिक्रमणीया हि नियतिः। # अभद्रं भद्रं वा विधिलिखितमुन्मूलयति कः। # अर्थो हि लोके पुरुषस्य बन्धुः। # अल्पविद्या भयङ्करी| # अल्पश्च कालो बहवश्च विघ्नाः। # अव्यापारेषु व्यापारः। # अहिंसा परमो धर्मः। ==क== # कण्टकेनैव कण्टकमुद्धरेत्। # कर्तव्यो महदाश्रयः। # कवयः किं न पश्यन्ति? # कालाय तस्मै नमः। # काव्यशास्त्रविनोदेन कालो गच्छति धीमताम्। # किमिव हि दुष्करमकरुणानाम्। # किमिव हि मधुराणां मण्डनं नाकृतीनाम्। # किं मिष्टमन्नं खरसूकराणाम्। # कुपुत्रेण कुलं नष्टम्‌| ==त== #तमसो मा जोतिर्गमय । ==ज== #ज्ञानेन हीना: पशुभि: समाना:| # जननी जन्मभूमिश्च स्वर्गादपि गरीयसी। # जलबिन्दुनिपातेन क्रमशः पूर्यते घटः। # जीवो जीवस्य जीवनम्। ==प== # परोपकारार्थमिदं शरीरम्। # परोपदेशे पाण्डित्यम्। # पुनः पुनरपि प्रक्षाल्य कज्जलं न श्वेतायते। # पिण्डे पिण्डे मतिर्भिन्ना। # प्रज्वालितो ज्ञानमयः प्रदीपः। # प्रथमग्रासे मक्षिकापातः। # प्राप्ते तु षोडशे वर्षे गर्दभी ह्यप्सरा भवेत्‌| # प्राप्ते तु षोडशे वर्षे पुत्रं मित्रवदाचरेत्‌| ==म== # मधुरेण समापयेत्‌| # मरणं प्रकृतिः शरीरिणाम्। # महाजनो येन गतः स पन्थः। # मातृदेवो भवः। # मार्गारब्धाः सर्वयत्नाः फलन्ति। # मौनं सर्वार्थसाधनम्। # मौनं सम्मतिलक्षणम्। ==य== # यथा राजा तथा प्रजा। # यः क्रियावान् सः पण्डितः। # याचको याचकं दृष्ट्वा श्वानवत् गुर्गुरायते। # यादृशं वपते बीजं तादृशं लभते फलम्। # युद्धस्य कथा रम्या। # येन केन प्रकारेण प्रसिद्धो पुरुषो भवेत्। # योजकस्तत्र दूर्लभः। # यौवने मर्कटी सुन्दरी| ==र== #रत्नं सनागच्छेतु काञ्चनेन| # राजा कालस्य कारणम्। ==स== # सत्यं कण्ठस्य भूषणम्। # सत्यमेव जयते। # सत्यं शिवं सुन्दरम्‌| # सा विद्या या विमुक्तये| # सुखमुपदिश्यते परस्य। # संहतिः कार्यसाधिका। # स्वभावो दूरतिक्रमः। 2049 12414 2006-12-07T12:35:32Z 137.138.173.149 '''विकिपीडिया''' एक: बहुभाषासु मुक्त: विश्वकोश: अस्ति । आङ्ग्‍लभाषाया: (English Language) विकिपीडिया २००१ तमे परिकल्पिता, संस्कृतभाषाया: विकिपीडिया जून २००४ तमे शुभारम्भित: । अस्माभि: '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' लेखा: कार्यं संस्कृतेन विश्वकोशेन् कृत्वन्त: । <br>''' ---- {{Index}} अभ्यासार्थाय [[Wikipedia:Help|सहायता]] च [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|प्रयोगस्थले]] गच्छन्तु । अधस्तात् लेखनाय सुविधाय स्थलानि सन्ति - <br> * [https://addons.mozilla.org/firefox/2573 indic IME extension for firefox] * [http://www.giitaayan.com/x.htm Hi-Trans : Online Devanagari Editor] * [http://www.baraha.com/ बराहा 7.0 & बराहा IME] * [http://www.aczoom.com/itrans/ ITRANS] * [http://www.chhahari.com/unicode/ देवनागरी टङ्‌कलेखक] * [[:en:Unicode | युनिकोड आङ्ग्लभाषा विकिपीडिया]] ([[युनिकोड|संस्कृतेन् अनुवाद:]]) * [[:en:Devanagari | देवनागरी आङ्ग्लभाषा]] ([[देवनागरी|संस्कृतेन् अनुवाद:]]) * [http://devanaagarii.net/ देवनागरी : All about using Devanagari on Computers] <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"> <tr valign="top"><th style="background-color: #e2e2ff; border: 2px solid #e2e2ff; border-bottom: none; font-size: larger; padding-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0.3em;" align="center" width="53%">विश्वकोश:</th> <th>&nbsp;</th> <th style="background-color: #faf9b2; border: 2px solid #faf9b2; border-bottom: none; padding-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0.3em; font-size: larger;" align="center">समाज:</th> </tr> <tr valign="top"><td style="background-color: #f8f8ff; border: 2px solid #e2e2ff; border-top: none; padding: 0.6em; padding-top: none;"> ==प्रकृति एवं तत्त्वज्ञानं== [[जीवशास्त्रं]] - [[आयुर्विज्ञान]] - [[पृथिवीज्ञानं]] - [[वनस्पति विज्ञानं]] - [[भौतिकी]] - [[रसायनशास्त्रं]] - [[गणितं]] ==प्रौद्योगिकी एवं विज्ञानं== [[कृषिशास्त्रं]] - [[वास्तुशास्त्रं]] - [[परिवहन]] - [[विज्ञानइतिहास:]] - [[संगणकशास्त्रं]] - [[यन्त्रशास्त्र]] - [[ऋणाणुशास्त्र]] ==समाजशास्त्रं एवं दर्शनशास्त्रं== [[मानवविज्ञानं]] - [[पुरातत्त्व]] - [[अर्थशास्त्रं]] - [[भूगोल|भूगोलविद्या]] - [[इतिहास:]] - [[भाषा]] - [[दर्शनशास्त्रं]] - [[राजनीति]] ==धर्म:, ललितकला एवं संस्कृति== [[धर्म:]] - [[नृत्यं]] - [[चलचित्रं]] - [[साहित्यं]] - [[सङ्गीतं]] - [[कला]] - [[कविता]] - [[रेडियो]] - [[फलज्योतिषं]] ==मनोरंजन एवं व्यासँग== [[मनोरञ्जनं]] - [[दूरदर्शन]] - [[पर्यटन]] - [[पाकशास्त्रं]] - [[आन्तरजालम्‌]] - [[खेला: क्रीडाश्च]] ==अन्य== [[भारत]] - [[संस्‍कृत]] - [[सुभाषितानि]] - [[सूक्तय:]] - [[जीवनी]] - [[सूचिया:]] - [[शब्दकोशः]] </td> <td></td> <td style="background: #ffffec; border: 2px solid #faf9b2; border-top: none; padding: 0.6em; padding-top: none;"> == लेख-लेखनम् == [[विकिपीडिया:स्वागतम् नवागन्तुका:|स्वागतम् नवागन्तुका:]] - [[विकिपीडिया:नीति वाचनालय|नीति ]] - [[विकिपीडिया:लेखाधिकार|लेखाधिकार:]] <font size=-2>([[:en:Wikipedia:Copyrights | Copyright statement in English]]) </font> - [[विकिपीडिया:सन्दर्भ:|सन्दर्भ:]] == प्रकल्प-तथ्या: == [[विकिपीडिया:विकिपीडिया ज्ञप्ति|विकिपीडिया ज्ञप्ति]] - [[विकिमीडिया]] - [[विकिपीडिया:घोषणा|घोषणा]] - [[विकिपीडिया:साधारण प्रश्न:|साधारण प्रश्न:]] ([[:en:Wikipedia:FAQ|English version)]] - [[विकिपीडिया:सम्पर्क |सम्पर्क]] ([[:en:Wikipedia:Contact us|Contact us (<font size=-2>link to English Wikipedia</font>)]]) - [[विकिपीडिया:ग्रामस्य चौपाल:|ग्रामस्य चौपाल:]] - [[विकिपीडिया:IRC सरणी|वार्ता]] - [[:en:Wikipedia:Mailing lists | Mailing lists (<font size=-2>link to English Wikipedia</font>)]]- [http://boards.wikimedia.org Moderator BBS] - [[विकिपीडिया:विकिपिडियन|विकिपीडियन]] <font size=-2>([[:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedians | Wikipedians (English version)]])</font> - [[विकिपीडिया:विकिपीडिया मित्रा|विकिपीडिया मित्रा]] ([[:en:Wikipedia:Friends of Wikipedia | Friends of Wikipedia (English version)]])- [[विकिपीडिया:Utilities|Utilities]] ([[:en:Wikipedia:Utilities | English version]])- [[विकिपीडिया:मिडियाविकि|सोफ्टवेर]] - [[Special:Statistics|Statistics]] - [http://wikimediafoundation.org/fundraising आङ्ग्लभाषा (आङ्ग्लभाषा)] - Download Wikipedia: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Database download SQL dumps] - [[:en:Wikipedia:TomeRaider | database TomeRaider format]] - विकिपीडिया [[:en:Wikipedia:Press Coverage | प्रेस कवरेज (आङ्ग्लभाषा)]]: [http://www.google.com/intl/sa/ गूगल (संस्कृतम्‌)] - [http://www.bbc.co.uk/hindi/ बी.बी.सी. समाचार (हिन्दी)] - [http://www.samachar.com/hindi/index.php हिन्दीभाषाया: समाचार पत्रानि] === अन्य भाषाणाम्‌ === <small> [[Wikipedia:Multilingual coordination|विकिपीडिया भाषासूची]] - [http://af.wikipedia.org अफ्रीकांस (Afrikaans)] - [http://ar.wikipedia.com ‮العربية‬ अरबी(Araby)] - [[:ay:|Aymar aru (Aymara)]] - [http://as.wikipedia.org असमिया (Asamiya)] - [http://be.wikipedia.org/ Belarus] - [http://bn.wikipedia.org बांग्ला (Bengali)] -[http://cs.wikipedia.org चेस्क (Česká)] - [http://de.wikipedia.org डोइच (Deutsch)] - [http://el.wikipedia.org Ελλ&eta;&nu;&iota;&kappa;ά यूनानी (Ellenika)] - [http://en.wikipedia.org आङ्ग्‌ल (English)] - [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] - [http://es.wikipedia.org एस्पन्योल (Español)] - [http://fi.wikipedia.com Suomi] - [http://fr.wikipedia.org फ्रांसी (Fran&ccedil;ais)] - [http://gu.wikipedia.org गुजराती (Gujarati)] - [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी (Hindi)] - [http://io.wikipedia.org Ido] - [http://id.wikipedia.org भाषा इंदोनेशिया (Indonesia)] - [http://it.wikipedia.com इतालियन (Italiano)] - [http://ja.wikipedia.org 日本語 निहंग (Nihongo)] - [http://km.wikipedia.org ख्मेर (Khmer)] - [http://kn.wikipedia.org कन्‍नड (Kannada)] - [http://ko.wikipedia.org 한국어 (Hangukeo)] - [http://ks.wikipedia.org कश्मीरी (Kashmiri)] - [http://ku.wikipedia.org कुर्दी (Kurdish)] - [http://la.wikipedia.com Latina] - [http://lo.wikipedia.org लाओ (Lao)] - [http://hu.wikipedia.org Magyar] - [http://mi.wikipedia.org M&acirc;ori] - [http://ml.wikipedia.org मलयाल (Malayalam)] - [http://mn.wikipedia.org मंगोल (Mongolian)] - [http://mr.wikipedia.org मराठी (Marathi)] - [http://ms.wikipedia.org भाषा मलय (Bahasa Melayu)] - [http://my.wikipedia.org Myanmar] - [http://nah.wikipedia.org Nahuatl] - [http://ne.wikipedia.org नेपाली (Nepali)] - [http://nl.wikipedia.org Nederlands] - [http://or.wikipedia.org Oriya] - [http://pa.wikipedia.org पंजाबी (Punjabi)] - [http://pl.wikipedia.org पोलिश (Polish)] - [http://fa.wikipedia.org फारसी (Persian)] - [http://pt.wikipedia.com Portugu&ecirc;s] - [http://qu.wikipedia.org Runa Simi (Quechua)] - [http://ro.wikipedia.org Română] - [http://ru.wikipedia.org Русский रूसी (Russkiy)] - [http://sd.wikipedia.org सिन्धी (Sindhi)] - [http://si.wikipedia.org सिंहली (Singhalese)] - [http://sl.wikipedia.com Slovenščina] - [http://sv.wikipedia.org Svenska] - [http://sw.wikipedia.org Swahili] - [http://ta.wikipedia.org द्रमिड (Tamil)] - [http://te.wikipedia.org तेलुगु (Telugu)] - [http://th.wikipedia.org थै/स्याम (Thai/Siam)] - [http://tl.wikipedia.org तगालोग (Tagalog)] - [http://tr.wikipedia.org तुर्की (Türkçe)] - [http://ur.wikipedia.org उर्दू (Urdu)] - [http://vi.wikipedia.org Tiếng Việt] - [http://zh.wikipedia.org/ चीनी (Chinese)] - [http://zu.wikipedia.org जूलू (Zulu)] </small> === अन्यानि संस्कृत प्रकल्पानि === [http://sources.wikipedia.org/wiki/मुखपृष्ठं:संस्कृत संस्कृत विकि-स्त्रोत (Sanskrit Wikisource)] <Br/> [http://sa.wiktionary.org संस्कृत विकोश (Sanskrit Wiktionary)] </td> </tr> </table> {| width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="border:1px solid #006699;" |- ! bgcolor="#D0E2EE" style="border-bottom:1px solid #006699; font: 125% Verdana; color:black" |Sister projects |- | bgcolor="#FFFFFF" style="font: 95% Verdana;" align="left" |{{Wikipediasister}} |} <!-- side bar links --> [[af:]] [[als:]] [[ang:]] [[as:]] [[bh:]] [[bn:]] [[da:]] [[de:]] [[en:]] [[eo:]] [[es:]] [[fo:]] [[fr:]] [[he:]] [[got:]] [[gu:]] [[hi:]] [[io:]] [[is:]] [[it:]] [[kn:]] [[ks:]] [[la:]] [[ml:]] [[mr:]] [[ne:]] [[nl:]] [[no:]] [[nn:]] [[nds:]] [[or:]] [[pa:]] [[pag:]] [[pl:]] [[pt:]] [[ro:]] [[ru-sib:]] [[sk:]] [[sl:]] [[sd:]] [[sv:]] [[sco:]] [[simple:]] [[sv:]] [[ta:]] [[te:]] [[uk:]] [[ur:]] __NOTOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__ 2050 7206 2004-10-24T15:27:01Z 68.159.18.148 '''आस्कन्द:''' *[[धावनम्‌]] *[[लम्फ:]] *[[क्षेप:]] *[[प्रास:]] 2051 7207 2004-10-24T15:42:58Z 68.159.18.148 '''धातुविमर्श:''' धातु: नाम शब्दानां मूलम्‌. धातु: शब्दानाम्‌ उत्पत्ते: कारणम्‌. पाणिनीय-धातुपाठे २११५ धातव: परिगणिता:. धातुभि: सह उपसर्गाणां प्रत्ययानां च योगेन शब्दानां निर्माणं भवति. *[[उपसर्गा:]] *[[प्रत्यय:]] 2052 7208 2004-10-24T15:50:50Z 68.159.18.148 प्र, परा, अप, सम्‌, अनु, अव, निस्‌, निर्‌, दुस्‌, दुर्‌, वि, आ (आङ्‌), नि, अधि, अपि, अति, सु, उद्‌, अभि, परि, प्रति, उप (२२ सङ्‌ख्यका:) इति अव्ययशब्दा: वा क्रियापदेन युक्ता: '''उपसर्गा:''' कथ्यन्ते. 2053 12302 2006-12-07T01:01:01Z सहाय 223 धातो: प्रातिपदिकात्‌ च परं य: युज्यते स: '''प्रत्यय:''' कथ्यते. प्रत्यय: पञ्चविध: - [[विभक्ति:]], [[कृत्‌]], [[तद्धित:]], [[स्त्रीप्रत्यय:]], [[धात्ववयव:]]. *[[व्याकरण]] {{stub}} 2054 7210 2004-10-24T17:48:54Z 65.0.97.250 स: प्रमुख: ज्योतिर्वित्‌ आसीत्‌. *[[गणितं]] 2055 7211 2004-10-24T17:47:28Z 65.0.97.250 स: प्रमुख: ज्योतिर्वित्‌ आसीत्‌. *[[गणितं]] 2056 7212 2004-10-24T17:47:10Z 65.0.97.250 स: प्रमुख: ज्योतिर्वित्‌ आसीत्‌. *[[गणितं]] 2057 12930 2006-12-18T21:44:38Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[en:Lagadha]], [[hi:लगध]], [[ru:Лагадха]] स: प्रमुख: ज्योतिर्वित्‌ आसीत्‌ । *[[गणितं]] [[en:Lagadha]] [[hi:लगध]] [[ru:Лагадха]] 2058 7214 2004-10-24T17:48:35Z 65.0.97.250 स: प्रमुख: ज्योतिर्वित्‌ आसीत्‌. *[[गणितं]] 2059 7215 2004-10-28T00:08:00Z 65.0.106.59 #REDIRECT [[हिन्दी साहित्यं]] 2100 12144 2006-11-30T18:07:42Z सहाय 223 रामधारी सिंह दिनकर (१९०८-१९७४) रामधारी सिंह दिनकर स्वतंत्रता पूर्व के विद्रोही किवि के रूप में स्थापित हुए और स्वतंत्रता के बाद राष्ट्रकवि के नाम से जाने जाते रहे। वे छायावादोत्तर किवयों की पहली पीढ़ी के कवि थे। एक ओर उनकी किवताओं में ओज, विद्रोह, आक्रोश और क्रांति की पुकार है, तो दूसरी ओर कोमल श्रृँगारिक भावनाओं की अभिव्यक्ति है। इन्हीं दो प्रवृत्तियों का चरम उत्कर्ष हमें कुरूक्षेत्र और उवर्शी में मिलता है। आपका जन्म ३० सितंबर १९०८ को सिमरिया, मुंगेर, बिहार में हुआ था। पटना विश्वविद्यालय से बी. ए. की परीक्षा उत्तीण करने के बाद वे एक विद्यालय में अध्यापक हो गए। १९३४ से १९४७ तक बिहार सरकार की सेवा में सब-रिजस्टरार और प्रचार विभाग के उपिनदेशक पदों पर कार्य किया। १९५० से १९५२ तक मुजफ्फरपुर कालेज में हिन्दी के विभागाध्यक्ष रहे, भागलपुर विश्वविद्यालय के उपकुलपित के पद पर कार्य किया और इसके बाद भारत सरकार के हिन्दी सलाहकार बने। आपको भारत सरकार की उपाधि पदमविभूषण से अलंकृत किया गया। आपकी पुस्तक संस्कृति के चार अध्याय के लिये आपको साहित्य अकादमी पुरस्कार तथा उर्वशी के लिये भारतीय ज्ञानपीठ पुरस्कर प्रदान किये गए। २४ अप्रैल १९७४ को दिनकर जी का स्वर्गवास हुआ। अपनी लेखनी के माध्यम से वह सदा अमर रहेंगे। प्रमुख कृतियां: गद्य रचनाएं: मिट्टी की ओर, रेती के फूल, वेणुवन, साहित्यमुखी, काव्य की भूमिका, प्रसाद पंत और मैथिलीशरणगुप्त, संस्कृति के चार अध्याय। पद्य रचनाएं: रेणुका, हुंकार, रसवंती, कुरूक्षेत्र, रिश्मरथी, परशुराम की प्रतिज्ञा, उर्वशी, हारे को हिरनाम। [[hi:रामधारी सिंह दिनकर]] 2101 11829 2006-11-23T05:44:23Z कलिकल 220 '''यशपाल:''' (1903-1976) एक: प्रमुख: हिन्दी कथाकार: आसीत्‌. ==पश्‍य== *[[हिन्दी साहित्यं]] [[hi:यशपाल]] 2102 12838 2006-12-18T05:07:44Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[en:Sachchidananda Hirananda Vatsyayana]] '''सच्चिदानन्द हीरानन्द वात्स्यायन (अज्ञेय)''' (१९११-१९८७) एक: प्रमुख: हिन्दी कथाकार: कवि: च आसीत्‌. ==पश्‍य== *[[हिन्दी साहित्यं]] [[en:Sachchidananda Hirananda Vatsyayana]] [[hi:अज्ञेय]] 2103 12879 2006-12-18T18:55:17Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[en:Phanishwar Nath 'Renu']] '''फणीश्वर नाथ रेणु''' (१९२१-१९७७) एक: प्रमुख: हिन्दी कथाकार: आसीत्‌. ==पश्‍य== *[[हिन्दी साहित्यं]] ==ग्रन्था:== * मैला आञ्चल [[en:Phanishwar Nath 'Renu']] [[hi:फणीश्वर नाथ रेणु]] 2104 11821 2006-11-23T05:39:18Z कलिकल 220 '''मोहन राकेश''' (१९२५-१९७२) एक: प्रमुख: हिन्दी कथाकार: नाटककार: च आसीत्‌. ==पश्‍य== *[[हिन्दी साहित्यं]] ==ग्रन्था:== [[hi:मोहन राकेश]] 2105 12885 2006-12-18T18:56:55Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: cv, de Modifying: en, hi '''प्रेमचन्द''' (धनपत राय श्रीवास्तव) (१८८०-१९३६) एक: प्रमुख: हिन्दी कथाकार: उपन्यासकार: च आसीत्‌. ==पश्‍य== *[[हिन्दी साहित्यं]] ==ग्रन्था:== * कफन (लघु कथा) * गोदान * सेवासदन * निर्मला * कर्मभूमि * मनोरमा * प्रेमाश्रम * गबन ==वाह्य जालस्थल== *[http://munshi-premchand.blogspot.com मुंशी प्रेमचन्द की कहानियाँ] [[cv:Мунши Премчанд]] [[de:Premchand]] [[en:Munshi Premchand]] [[hi:प्रेमचंद]] 2106 10182 2006-02-06T22:48:29Z Zwobot 86 robot Adding: ru, zh '''तमिळ्‌ द्रविड-भाषा परिवारस्‍य एका भाषा.''' तमिळ्‌भाषा पृथिव्‍यां प्राचीनतम-भाषासु अन्यतमा. द्रविड-परिवारस्य भाषासु इयम्‌ अन्याभ्य: अधिकं पुरातनी समृद्धा च. <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300"> <tr><th colspan="2" bgcolor=mediumspringgreen><big>तमिळ ('''&#2980;&#2990;&#3007;&#2996;&#3021;''')</big></th></tr> <tr><td valign="top">Spoken in:</td><td>'''[[India]]''', [[Sri Lanka]], [[Singapore]], [[Malaysia]]</td></tr> <tr><td valign="top">Region:</td><td>[[Tamil Nadu]] and neighboring states</td></tr> <tr><td valign="top">Total speakers:</td><td> 61 million</td></tr> <tr><td valign="top">[[List of languages by total speakers|Ranking]]:</td><td>18</td></tr> <tr><td valign="top">[[Language families and languages|Genetic]]<br>[[Language families and languages|classification]]:</td><td> [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian]]<br> &nbsp;[[Southern Dravidian languages|Southern]]<br> </td></tr> <tr><th colspan="2" bgcolor=mediumspringgreen>Official status</th></tr> <tr><td valign="top">Official language of:</td><td valign="top">[[India]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[Singapore]]</td></tr> <!-- <tr><td valign="top">Regulated by:</td><td>[[Language Academy]]</td></tr> --> <tr><th colspan="2" bgcolor=mediumspringgreen>Language codes</th></tr> <tr><td valign="top">[[ISO 639]]-1:</td><td>ta</td></tr> <tr><td valign="top">ISO 639-2:</td><td>tam</td></tr> <tr><td valign="top">[[SIL]]:</td><td>TCV</td></tr> </table> ==इतिहास:== तमिळ्‌पुराणानुसारेण तमिळ्‌भाषाया: रचना भगवता शिवेन कृता तेन च तमिळ्‌-व्‍याकरणम्‌ [[अगस्तय]]मुनये उपदिष्टम्‌. '''[[श्रीअरविन्द]]स्य मतानुसारेण आर्य-द्रविड-भाषाणां सम्पर्क: अधिकम्‌ अन्तरङ्ग: विस्तृतश्च. अनेन एतत्‌ सम्भाव्यते यत्‌ इदं विभिन्नकुलद्वयं कस्याश्चित्‌ लुप्त-प्राक्तन-भाषाया: उद्‌भूतम्‌.''' ==तमिळ्‌ लेखनम्‌== तमिळ्‌लिपौ ङ, ञ, ण, न, म इति अनुनासिक-वर्णा: देवनागरी-वर्णा: इव प्रयुज्यन्ते. तत्र क, च, ट, त, प इति पञ्च वर्गीयवर्णा: एव सन्ति. *[http://ta.wikipedia.org तमिळ्‌ विकिपीडिया] ==बाह्य गवाक्ष== * [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=TCV Ethnologue report for तमिळ्‌] * [http://www.tamil.net/ तमिळ्‌ inayam] - Has [http://www.tamil.net/projectmadurai/ Project Madurai * [[University of Pennsylvania]]'s [http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/plc/tamilweb/ web based courses for learning and teaching तमिळ्‌] * [http://www.tamilvu.org/ तमिळ्‌ virtual University] * [http://tamil.berkeley.edu/Tamil%20Chair/TamilClassicalLanguage/TamilClassicalLgeLtr.html Statement on the Status of Tamil as a Classical Language] - University of California, Berkeley * [http://www.flonnet.com/fl2013/stories/20030704000207100.htm Tolkappiyam, the earliest work on Tamil grammar, cannot be dated earlier than the 2nd century A.D.] - Frontline article * [http://www.hinduonnet.com/2004/05/26/stories/2004052602871200.htm But the Tamil-Brahmi script may be at least 2,800 years old] - The Hindu newspaper article ===Fonts and Encodings=== * [http://www.suratha.com/reader.htm Unicode Converter] - Online [[JavaScript]] tool to convert various Tamil encodings into [[Unicode]] * [http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0B80.pdf Unicode Chart] - Unicode Chart for Tamil (in [[Portable Document Format|PDF]]) * [http://www.angelfire.com/empire/thamizh/1/aanGilam/ thamizh fonts] - Has list of almost all Tamil fonts to download. * [http://www.microsoft.com/globaldev/nlsweb/default.asp?submitted=449 NLS Information] - [[NLS]] Information page for Windows XP * [http://kstarsoft.com/ kstarsoft] - [[UNICODE, TSCII, TAB, TAM and LIPI encoding]] - kstarsoft ===वार्ता=== * [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/agathiyar/ Agathiyar], तमिळ्‌-वार्ता * [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/kalaivani/ Kalaivani], मलयेशिया-तमिळ्‌-वार्ता ===अन्‍य=== [[bg:Тамилски език]] [[br:Tamileg]] [[ca:Tàmil]] [[cy:Tamileg]] [[da:Tamil]] [[de:Tamilische Sprache]] [[en:Tamil language]] [[eo:Tamila lingvo]] [[es:Idioma tamil]] [[fa:زبان تامیل]] [[fi:Tamilin kieli]] [[fr:Tamoul]] [[hi:तमिल]] [[hu:Tamil nyelv]] [[id:Bahasa Tamil]] [[ja:タミル語]] [[jv:Basa Tamil]] [[kn:ತಮಿಳು]] [[ko:타밀어]] [[lt:Tamilų kalba]] [[ms:Bahasa Tamil]] [[nl:Tamil]] [[nn:Tamil]] [[pl:Język tamilski]] [[pt:Língua tâmil]] [[ru:Тамильский язык]] [[sv:Tamil]] [[ta:தமிழ்]] [[th:ภาษาทมิฬ]] [[zh:泰米尔语]] 2107 12164 2006-12-01T14:04:31Z Escarbot 175 robot Adding: pt Modifying: fi, it, pl '''मलयाळम्‌''' [[द्रविड-भाषा]] परिवारस्‍य एका भाषा। [[केरल]] देषे जना मलयाळेन वदन्ति। ==External links== * [http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/prd2/mala/mala.htm Information on मलयाळम्‌ language at Department of Public Relations, Government of Kerala] * [http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0D00.pdf Unicode Code Chart for मलयाळम्‌ (PDF Format)] * [http://www.ethnologue.org/show_language.asp?code=MJS Ethnologue report for मलयाळम्‌] [[br:Malayalameg]] [[da:Malayalam]] [[de:Malayalam]] [[dv:މަލަޔާޅަމް]] [[en:Malayalam language]] [[eo:Malajala lingvo]] [[es:Malayalam]] [[fi:Malajalam]] [[fr:Malayalam]] [[hi:मलयालम]] [[id:Bahasa Malayalam]] [[it:Lingua malayalam]] [[ja:マラヤーラム語]] [[ka:მალაიალამი (ენა)]] [[kn:ಮಲಯಾಳಂ]] [[ko:말라얄람어]] [[ml:മലയാളം]] [[ms:Bahasa Malayalam]] [[nl:Malayalam]] [[nn:Malayalam]] [[no:Malayalam]] [[pl:Język malajalamski]] [[pt:Malaiala]] [[ru:Малаялам]] [[simple:Malayalam]] [[sl:Malajalščina]] [[sr:Малајалам језик]] [[sv:Malayalam]] [[ta:மலையாளம்]] [[te:మళయాళ భాష]] [[zh:马拉雅拉姆语]] 2108 7264 2004-10-25T22:17:40Z 130.39.222.122 #REDIRECT [[प्रेमचन्द]] 2109 7265 2004-10-26T14:03:52Z 68.159.16.63 '''माधव:''' (१३४०-१४२५) केरले कोचिन नगरे जात:. स: महान ज्योतिर्विद्‌ गणितज्ञ: च आसीत्‌. स: ''करण-पद्घति'' अरचयत्‌. *[[गणितं]] ==बाह्य== *[http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Projects/Pearce/Chapters/Ch9_3.html माधव-समीक्षा] [[en:Madhava]] 2110 7266 2004-10-26T02:44:00Z 65.0.105.34 '''नारायण पण्डित''' (१३४०-१४००) केरले जात:. स: प्रमुख: ज्योतिर्विद्‌ गणितज्ञ: च आसीत्‌. स: ''गणित-कौमुदी'' अरचयत्‌. *[[गणितं]] 2111 7267 2004-10-26T14:08:49Z 68.159.16.63 '''नीलकण्ठ सोमयाजि''' (१४४४-१५४४) केरले जात:. स: महान ज्योतिर्विद्‌ गणितज्ञ: च आसीत्‌. तस्‍य गुरु: परमेश्‍वर: आसीत्‌. स: ''तन्त्र-संग्रह'' अरचयत्‌. *[[गणितं]] 2112 7268 2004-10-26T02:43:02Z 65.0.105.34 '''परमेश्वर:''' (१३७०-१४६०) केरले जात:. स: [[नारायण पण्डित]]स्‍य शिष्य आसीत्‌. *[[गणितं]] 2113 7269 2004-10-26T14:18:18Z 68.159.16.63 '''लगध:''' वेदाङ्‌गकालीन ऋषि: गणितज्ञ ज्योतिर्विद्‌ च आसीत्‌. स: [[वेदाङ्ग-ज्योतिषं]] अरचयत्‌. *[[गणितं]] 2114 7270 2004-10-26T14:16:27Z 68.159.16.63 '''याज्ञवल्क्य:''' ब्राह्मणकालीन ऋषि: गणितज्ञ ज्योतिर्विद्‌ च आसीत्‌. स: [[शतपथ-ब्राह्मण]] अरचयत्‌. *[[गणितं]] 2115 10524 2006-05-14T04:21:56Z DaGizza 117 stub '''ज्येष्ठदेव:''' (१५००-१५७५) केरले जात:. स: प्रमुख: ज्योतिर्विद्‌ गणितज्ञ: च आसीत्‌. स: ''युक्ति-भास्‌'' अरचयत्‌. *[[गणितं]] {{stub}} 2116 7272 2004-10-26T02:56:17Z 65.0.105.34 '''श्रीपति:''' (१०१९-१०६६) प्रमुख: ज्योतिर्विद्‌ गणितज्ञ: च आसीत्‌. स: ''सिद्घान्त-शेखर:'' अरचयत्‌. *[[गणितं]] 2117 7273 2004-10-26T03:05:22Z 65.0.105.34 #REDIRECT [[मोहनदास करमचन्द गान्धी]] 2118 12869 2006-12-18T17:26:16Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[fr:Tulsîdâs]], [[simple:Tulsidas]], [[ur:تلسی داس]] '''तुलसीदास:''' ''[[रामचरितमानस्‌]]'' अरचियत्‌. गोस्वामी तुलसीदास: भारतीय साहित्ये सर्वाधिकः लोकप्रियः [[कवि]]: अस्ति। तेन कविना विरचिताः द्वादश ग्रन्थाः उपलब्धाः सन्ति। तेषु ग्रन्थेषु ''रामचरितमानस'' एकं विश्वस्य महत्तमं महाकाव्यमस्ति। अस्य काव्यस्य विषये केनचित् कविना लिखितम् -- ''चारहुं [[वेद]] [[पुराण]] अष्टदश छहों शास्त्र सब ग्रन्थन को रस'' अस्य महाकाव्यस्य अनेकासु भाषासु अनुवादः अभवत्। एतत् महाकाव्यम् आन्तर्जालेऽपि उपलब्धमस्ति। ==पश्‍य== *[[हिन्दी साहित्यं]] [[de:Tulsidas]] [[en:Tulsidas]] [[fr:Tulsîdâs]] [[hi:तुलसीदास]] [[id:Tulsidas]] [[simple:Tulsidas]] [[sv:Tulasidas]] [[ur:تلسی داس]] 2119 11819 2006-11-23T05:38:13Z कलिकल 220 '''रघुवीर सहाय''' (१९२९-१९९०) एक: प्रमुख: कवि कथाकार च आसीत्‌. ==पश्‍य== *[[हिन्दी साहित्यं]] [[hi:रघुवीर सहाय]] 2120 12868 2006-12-18T17:26:05Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[en:Dharamvir Bharati]] '''धर्मवीर भारती''' (१९२६ - ) एक: प्रमुख: कवि: कथाकार: च अस्‍ति. ==पश्‍य== *[[हिन्दी साहित्यं]] [[en:Dharamvir Bharati]] [[hi:धर्मवीर भारती]] 2121 12960 2006-12-18T22:56:15Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[en:Sri Lal Sukla]] '''श्रीलाल शुक्ल:''' (१९२५ - ) एक: प्रमुख: व्यंगकार: अस्‍ति. ==पश्‍य== *[[हिन्दी साहित्यं]] [[en:Sri Lal Sukla]] [[hi:श्रीलाल शुक्ल]] 2122 11824 2006-11-23T05:40:44Z कलिकल 220 '''विष्णु प्रभाकर:''' (१९१२ - ) एक: प्रमुख: कथाकार: उपन्यासकार: च अस्‍ति. ==पश्‍य== *[[हिन्दी साहित्यं]] [[hi:विष्णु प्रभाकर]] 2123 11826 2006-11-23T05:42:07Z कलिकल 220 '''नागार्जुन''' (ज.१९११) एक: प्रमुख: कवि कथाकार च. ==पश्‍य== *[[हिन्दी साहित्यं]] [[hi:नागार्जुन]] 2124 11834 2006-11-23T05:48:02Z कलिकल 220 '''बिहारी''' (१५९५-१६६४) ग्वालियर नगरे जात:. तस्‍य कविता सङ्‌ग्रह ''सतसई'' (सप्तशती) तत्‌कालीन श्रेष्‍ठ: रचना. ==पश्‍य== *[[हिन्दी साहित्यं]] [[hi:बिहारी]] {{stub}} 2126 11836 2006-11-23T15:05:10Z 125.23.19.70 {{notsanskrit}} [[कबीर]] (१५ शती) तेन रचितानां दोहानां सङ्ग्रह ''ग्रन्थावली:'' नाम्ना आम्नात:. [[तुलसीदास]] (1532-1623) is the greatest Hindi poet of the medieval period. His Ramcharitamanas which is a retelling of the Ramayana continues to be popular in India and the Caribbean. [[बिहारी]] (1595-1664) became famous by writing Satasai (Seven Hundred Verses). [[प्रेमचन्द]] (1880-1936) was a great novelist. Of his novels, Godan (The Gift of a Cow, 1936) is considered the best. In this book he sketches rural life in an unparalleled manner. [[मैथिलि शरण गुप्त]] (1886-1964) was a pioneer of 'Khari Boli' (plain dialect) poetry and the author of the epic Saket in modern Hindi literature. [[जयशंकर प्रसाद]] (1889-1937) was a leader of the literary movement called Chhayavada. [[सूर्यकान्त त्रिपाठी निराला]] (1899-1961) wrote twelve collections of poetry, six novels, many short stories, essays and criticism, and also translated from Sanskrit and Bengali. [[सुमित्रा नन्दन पन्त]] (1900-1977) authored twenty eight published works including poetry, verse plays and essays. [[यशपाल]] (1903-76) is renowned for Jhutha Sach (The False Truth, 1958-60), which is regarded as one of the best Hindi novels ever written. [[हजारी प्रसाद द्विवेदी]] (1907-1979), novelist, literary historian, essayist, critic and scholar, penned numerous novels, collections of essays and a historical outline of Hindi literature. [[महादेवी वर्मा]] (1907-1987) was educated in Prayag, where she founded the Prayag Mahila Vidyapitha, promoting the education of girls. Mahadevi Verma was one of the four pillars of the great Romantic movement in modern Hindi poetry, Chhayavada, the remaining three being Suryakant Tripathi 'Nirala', Jaishankar Prasad and Sumitranandan Pant. Her mysticism led to the birth of a movement called Rahasyavada. She has been compared with Mira Bai, the great 16th century devotional poetess, in her lyrical mysticism. [[रामधारी सिंह दिनकर]] (1908-1974) emerged as rebellious poet with his nationalist poetry in pre-Independence days. [[नागार्जुन]] (b. 1911), is amjor Hindi poet who has also penned a number of novels, short stories, literary biographies and travelogues. The most popular practising Hindi poet in the last decades of the twentieth century, Nagarjun is considered as the only poet, after Tulasidas, to have an audience ranging from the rural sections of society to the elite. [[सच्चिदानन्द वात्स्यायन]] (1911-1987), (Sachchidananda Hirananda Vatsyayana), was popularly known by his pen-name Ajneya or Agyeya, was a pioneer of modern trends not only in the realm of poetry, but also fiction, criticism and journalism . [[विष्णु प्रभाकर]] (b. 1912), with several short stories, novels, plays and travelogues to his credit, won the Sahitya Akademi Award for his novel, Ardhanarishvara (The Androgynous God or Shiva). [[फणीश्वर नाथ रेणु]] (1921-1977) is one of the great Hindi novelists of the post-Premchand era. Her masterpiece is Maila Anchal (The Soiled Border, 1954), a social novel that depicts the life of a region and its people, the backward and the deprived. [[श्रीलाल शुक्ल]] (b. 1925) became renowned for his objective and purposive satire. [[मोहन राकेश]] (1925-1972) was one of the pioneers of the Nai Kahani movement of the 1950s. He made significant contribution to novel, short story, travelogue, criticism, memoirs and drama. [[धर्मवीर भारती]] (b. 1926) is a renowned poet, fictionist and editor. Essentially a romantic humanist, Bharati is famous for his poignant treatment of first love, his lyricism and humanistic vision. [[रघुवीर सहाय]] (1929-1990) was a versatile Hindi poet, translator, short-story writer and journalist. [[निर्मल वर्मा]] (b. 1929) together with Mohan Rakesh, Bhisham Sahni, Kamleshwar, Amarkant and others, is the founder of the Nai Kahani (new short story) in Hindi literature. He is best known for his short stories. [[hi:हिन्दी साहित्य]] [[ks:हिन्दी साहित्य]] 2127 12910 2006-12-18T20:47:08Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: bn, de, en, es, hi, hu, it, pl, pt, sk, sv, zh '''वर्धमान महावीर''' (५९९-५२७ ई.पू.) [[जैन-धर्म]]स्य अन्तिम तीर्थङ्कर: आसीत्‌. [[bn:মহাবীর]] [[de:Mahavira]] [[en:Mahavira]] [[es:Mahavira]] [[hi:भगवान महावीर]] [[hu:Dzsina]] [[it:Mahavira]] [[pl:Wardhamana Mahawira]] [[pt:Mahavira]] [[sk:Mahávíra]] [[sv:Mahavira]] [[zh:笩駄摩那]] 2132 12786 2006-12-17T19:43:48Z Escarbot 175 robot Adding: ar, bn, eo, fa, fr, ja, ks, ru, sv, ur, uz '''मुहम्मद इकबाल''' (1877-1938) [[उर्दू]] भाषाया: महत्वपूर्ण: कवि: लेखक: च. तेन पाकिस्तानस्य राष्ट्रपिता मन्यते. His grandfather Shaikh Rafiq, was a Kashmiri Pandit named Sahaj Ram Sapru before his conversion to Islam. In Kashmir he was a revenue collector. He had embezzeled state funds, and when his guilt was established, the Afghan governor, Azim Khan, gave him the choice of death or conversion to Islam. Sahaj Ram Sapru chose life, and assuming new names, he and his family moved to Sialkot in the Panjab. Shaikh Rafiq had two sons, Shaikh Ghulam Qadir and Shaikh Nur Muhammad, Iqbal's father. [[ar:محمد إقبال]] [[bn:আল্লামা ইকবাল]] [[de:Muhammad Iqbal]] [[en:Muhammad Iqbal]] [[eo:Muhammad Ikbal]] [[es:Muhammad Iqbal]] [[fa:اقبال لاهوری]] [[fr:Muhammad Iqbal]] [[ja:ムハンマド・イクバール]] [[ks:मुहम्मद इकबाल]] [[ru:Икбал, Мухаммад]] [[sv:Mohammad Iqbal]] [[ur:محمد اقبال]] [[uz:Muhammad Iqbol]] 2133 12840 2006-12-18T05:30:00Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[hi:अष्टाध्यायी]], [[th:อัษฏาธยายี]] महर्षि पाणिनिना विरचिता अष्‍टाध्‍यायी इति संस्‍कृतव्‍याकरणम्‌ अधुनापि भारते विदेशेषु च भाषाविज्ञानिनां प्रेरणास्‍थानं वर्तते . ==पश्यतु== *[[Wikisource:Aṣṭādhyāyī]] [[en:Ashtadhyayi]] [[hi:अष्टाध्यायी]] [[id:Aṣṭādhyāyī]] [[th:อัษฏาธยายี]] 2134 7290 2004-10-29T23:55:42Z 68.159.19.16 #REDIRECT [[अष्टाध्यायी]] 2135 7291 2004-10-30T15:24:11Z 68.155.121.175 '''वायु परिवहन''' [[राइट बन्धु]], ओर्विल राइट (August 19, 1871 - January 30, 1948) विल्बर राइट (April 16, 1867 - May 30, 1912) च [[विमान]]स्य आविष्कारका:. 2136 9416 2005-08-29T10:16:55Z 203.101.61.7 '''चतुरङ्गम्‌''' *[[विश्वनाथन् ‌ आनन्द]] 2137 7293 2004-10-30T19:10:03Z 68.159.30.212 '''राजेन्द्र चोळ''' ==पश्यतु== *[[चोळ वंश]] [[en:Rajendra Chola]] 2139 7295 2004-10-30T19:15:32Z 68.159.30.212 '''राजाराज चोळ''' ==पश्यतु== *[[चोळ वंश]] 2140 12977 2006-12-19T00:00:16Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[eo:Vallabhbhai Patel]], [[it:Sardār Vallabhbhāī Paṭel]] '''वल्लभभाई पटेल''' (३१.१०.१८७५ - १५.१२.१९५०) बैरिस्टरपरीक्षाम्‌ उत्तीर्य सार्वजनिकसेवाम्‌ आरभत. अस्य योग्यताम्‌, उत्साहं, सङ्कल्पशक्तिम्‌ कर्तव्यपरायणत्वञ्च विलोक्य [[महात्मा गान्धी]] एनम्‌ '''सरदार''' इति उपाधिना सम्बिधित्वान्‌. वैदेशिका: पत्रकारा: एनम्‌ '''लौहपुरुष''' इति संज्ञया व्यवहरन्ति स्म. स्वतन्त्रे भारते अयम्‌ भारतशासनस्य गृहमन्त्री उप-प्रधानमन्त्री च अभवत्‌. देशे विद्यमानानाम्‌ अनेकेषाम्‌ राज्ञाम्‌ राज्यानि समाप्य असौ भारतसङ्घे सम्मेलितवान्‌. [[de:Vallabhbhai Patel]] [[en:Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel]] [[eo:Vallabhbhai Patel]] [[fr:Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel]] [[hi:सरदार वल्लभ भाई पटेल]] [[it:Sardār Vallabhbhāī Paṭel]] [[kn:ಸರ್ದಾರ್ ವಲ್ಲಭಭಾಯ್ ಪಟೇಲ್]] [[ks:वल्लभभाई पटेल]] [[mr:वल्लभभाई पटेल]] [[ne:वल्लभभाई पटेल]] 2141 7297 2004-10-31T03:36:26Z 68.159.30.113 '''मदनमोहन मालवीय''' स: काशी हिन्दु विश्वविद्यालयस्य स्थापनाम्‌ कृत्वान. 2142 12757 2006-12-17T11:37:47Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: ar, de, eo, es, fi, fr, hi, hu, id, it, nl, no, pl, pt, ru, sv, ta, vi, zh '''सोनिया गान्धी''' तस्या: जन्म १९४६ तमे इटली देशे अभवत्‌. पठितुं सा इंग्लैंड देशे गतवती. तत्र सा [[राजीव गान्धी]] मिलितवती. तौ विवाहं अकरोत्‌. सा [[भारत]]स्य शक्तिशाली राजनयिक अस्ति. [[ar:سونيا غاندي]] [[de:Sonia Gandhi]] [[en:Sonia Gandhi]] [[eo:Sonia Gandhi]] [[es:Sonia Gandhi]] [[fi:Sonia Gandhi]] [[fr:Sonia Gandhi]] [[hi:सोनिया गांधी]] [[hu:Sonia Gandhi]] [[id:Sonia Gandhi]] [[it:Sonia Gandhi]] [[nl:Sonia Gandhi]] [[no:Sonia Gandhi]] [[pl:Sonia Gandhi]] [[pt:Sonia Gandhi]] [[ru:Ганди, Соня]] [[sv:Sonia Gandhi]] [[ta:சோனியா காந்தி]] [[vi:Sonia Gandhi]] [[zh:索尼亚·甘地]] 2143 11855 2006-11-24T17:04:11Z 74.230.201.252 '''शान्तिनिकेतन''' विद्यापीठं [[रवीन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर]] महाभागे १९०१तमे स्थापितं. [[en:Santiniketan]] [[hi:शान्तिनिकेतन]] 2144 11785 2006-11-23T05:04:40Z कलिकल 220 '''देवेन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर''' (१८०७-१९०५) दार्शनिक समाज-सुधारक च आसीत्। तस्य पुत्रः [[रवीन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर]]:आसीत्। ==पश्य== *[[द्वारकानाथ ठाकुर]] (१७९४-१८४६) *[[रवीन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर]] (१८६१-१९४१) *[[गगनेन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर]] (१८६७-१९३८) *[[अबनिन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर]] (१८७१-१९५१) *[[ठाकुर परिवार]] [[hi:देवेन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर]] [[en:Debendranath Tagore]] 2145 7301 2004-11-10T23:04:09Z 130.39.222.122 '''मोहन लाल''' (1812-1877) कश्मीरी आसीत्‌. स: लेखक:,राजदूत: च आसीत्‌. आङ्ग्ल-अफगान युद्धे स: महत्वपूर्ण पात्र: आसीत्‌. ==ग्रन्था:== *Mohan Lal, Travels in the Punjab and Afghanistan and Turistan to Balkh, Bikhara and Herat and a Visit to Great Britain, Germany, First Ed. 1846 Reprint Al Biruni Lahore 1979 *Mohan Lal, KLS, Life of the Amir Dost Mohammed Khan, of Kabul: with his political proceedings towards the English, Russian, and Persian governments, including victory and disasters of the British Army in Afghanistan. Two Volumes. Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans, London, 1846. 2146 12697 2006-12-16T00:19:04Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: sh, sq, yi Modifying: bn, uk '''मुहम्मद:''' (५७०-६३२) [[इस्लाम]] धर्मस्य प्रवर्तक: आसीत्. {{stub}} [[an:Mahoma]] [[ar:محمد بن عبد الله]] [[ba:Мөхәммәт]] [[bg:Мохамед]] [[bn:হযরত মুহাম্মদ (সাঃ)]] [[bs:Muhammed]] [[ca:Mahoma]] [[cs:Mohamed]] [[cy:Muhammad]] [[da:Muhammed]] [[de:Mohammed]] [[el:Μωάμεθ]] [[en:Muhammad]] [[eo:Mohamedo]] [[es:Mahoma]] [[et:Muḩammad]] [[eu:Muhammad]] [[fa:محمد پسر عبدالله]] [[fi:Muhammad]] [[fr:Mahomet]] [[gd:Muhammad]] [[gl:Mahoma - محمد]] [[haw:Mohameka]] [[he:מוחמד]] [[hi:मुहम्मद]] [[hr:Muhamed]] [[hu:Mohamed próféta]] [[ia:Mahomet]] [[id:Muhammad]] [[is:Múhameð]] [[it:Maometto]] [[ja:ムハンマド・イブン＝アブドゥッラーフ]] [[ka:წინასწარმეტყველი მუჰამედი]] [[ko:무함마드]] [[ku:Mihemmed Pêxember]] [[kw:Mahomm]] [[la:Machometus]] [[lt:Mahometas]] [[ms:Nabi Muhammad s.a.w.]] [[nl:Mohammed]] [[nn:Muhammed]] [[no:Muhammed]] [[pl:Mahomet]] [[pt:Maomé]] [[ro:Mahomed]] [[ru:Мухаммад]] [[scn:Maumettu]] [[sh:Muhamed]] [[simple:Muhammad]] [[sk:Mohamed]] [[sl:Mohamed]] [[sq:Muhammedi - paqa qoft mbi të]] [[sr:Мухамед]] [[su:Muhammad]] [[sv:Muhammed]] [[sw:Muhammad]] [[th:มุฮัมมัด]] [[tr:Muhammed bin Abdullah]] [[uk:Мухаммад]] [[ur:محمد صلی اللہ علیہ و آلہ و سلم]] [[vi:Muhammad]] [[yi:מאכאמאד]] [[zh:穆罕默德]] 2148 sysop 7304 2004-12-18T06:31:09Z HPN 22 deleted "February 30": content was: '{{delete}}there is no feburary 30 you dumb muthaphuker' (spam) <ul><li>06:31, 18 Dec 2004 [[User:Hpnadig|Hpnadig]] deleted "February 30" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}there is no feburary 30 you dumb muthaphuker&#39; (spam))</em></li> <li>09:04, 13 Dec 2004 [[User:Hpnadig|Hpnadig]] deleted "Heinrich Isaac" <em>(content was: &#39;no hay nada&#123;&#123;delete}}&#39; (spam))</em></li> <li>11:59, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "बालगङ्‍‍गाधर तिलक" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;बालगङ्गाधर तिलक]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>11:59, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "व्‍यवसाय:" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;व्यवसाय:]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>11:59, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "व्‍यवसाय" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;व्यवसाय]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>11:58, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "विश्‍वनाथ प्रताप सिंह" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;विश्वनाथ प्रताप सिंह]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>11:58, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "विलियम बटलर येट्‌स" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;विलियम बटलर येट्स]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>11:58, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "वास्‍तुशास्‍त्रं" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;वास्तुशास्त्रं]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>11:58, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "वाल्‍मीकि" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;वाल्मीकि]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>11:58, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "वराहगिरि वेङ्‍कट गिरि" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;वराहगिरि वेङ्कट गिरि]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>11:57, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "स्‍वीडन" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;स्वीडन]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>11:57, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "स्‍लोवीनिया" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;स्लोवीनिया]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>11:57, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "सुब्रह्मण्‍यन्‌ चन्‍द्रशेखर" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;न् चन्द्रशेखर]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>11:57, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "सुब्रह्मण्‍य भारती" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;सुब्रह्मण्य भारती]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>11:57, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "सर्वपल्ली राधाकृष्‍णन्‌" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;सर्वपल्ली राधाकृष्णन्]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>11:44, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "वन्दे मातरम्‌" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;वन्दे मातरम्]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>11:44, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "समाजशास्‍त्रं" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;समाजशास्त्रं]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>11:44, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "सङ्‌गीतं" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;सङ्गीतं]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>11:44, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "संगणकशास्‍त्रं" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;संगणकशास्त्रं]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>11:43, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "श्रीलङ्‌का" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;श्रीलङ्का]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>11:43, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "श्रीनिवास रामानुजन्‌" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;श्रीनिवास रामानुजन्]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>11:43, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "लालबहादुर शास्‍त्री" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;लाल बहादुर शास्त्री]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>11:39, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "लद्‌दाखी" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;लद्दाखी]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>11:39, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "मिष्‍ठान्‍न" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;मिष्ठान्न]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>11:38, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "मनोरञ्‌जनं" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;मनोरञ्जनं]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>11:38, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "भारतं" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;भारत]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>11:38, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "भरत नाट्‍यम्‌" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;भरत नाट्यम्]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>11:38, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "फिलिस्‍तीन" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;फिलिस्तीन]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>11:38, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "फिलिपीन्‍स" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;फिलिपीन्स]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>11:37, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "फलज्‍योतिषं" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;{delete}}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;फलज्योतिषं]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>11:31, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "प्रश्‍न उपनिषद्‌" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;प्रश्न उपनिषद्]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>11:31, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "पेरेग्‍वाय" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;पेरेग्वाय]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>11:31, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "पृथिवीज्ञानं‌" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;पृथिवीज्ञानं]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>11:31, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "पाकिस्‍तान" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;पाकिस्तान]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>11:31, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "पाकशास्‍त्रं" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;पाकशास्त्रं]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>11:30, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "पाकशास्‍त्र" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;पाकशास्त्र]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>11:29, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "पश्‍चिम बंगाल" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;पश्चिम बंगाल]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>11:28, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "पपुवा न्‍यू गिनी" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;पपुवा न्यू गिनी]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>11:28, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "पञ्‌जाबी" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;{delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;पञ्जाबी]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>11:27, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "दाक्षम्‌" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;दाक्षम्]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>11:27, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "दर्शनशास्‍त्रं" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;दर्शनशास्त्रं]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>11:27, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "ज्‍योतिष" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}&#39;)</em></li> <li>11:27, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "जीवशास्‍त्रं" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;जीवशास्त्रं]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>11:27, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "जगदीश चन्‍द्र बोस" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;जगदीश चन्द्र बोस]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>11:26, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "चेन्‍नै" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;चेन्नै]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>11:26, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "चन्‍द्रशेखर वेङ्‍कट रामन्‌" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;चन्द्रशेखर वेङ्कट रामन्]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>11:26, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "चन्‍द्रकान्‍ता" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;चन्द्रकान्ता]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>11:26, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "चन्‍द्र शेखर" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;चन्द्र शेखर]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>11:26, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "क्‍यूबा" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;क्यूबा]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>11:25, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "कोलोम्‍बिया" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;कोलोम्बिया]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>11:25, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "केन उपनिषद्‌" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;केन उपनिषद्]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>11:25, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "कपिला वात्‍स्‍यायन" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;कपिला वात्स्यायन]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>00:18, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "राजेन्‍द्र प्रसाद" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;राजेन्द्र प्रसाद]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>00:18, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "राजीव गान्‍धी" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;राजीव गान्धी]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>00:17, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "न् चन्द्रशेखर" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;सुब्रह्मण्यन् चन्द्रशेखर]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>00:17, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "नृत्‍यं" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}&#39;&#39;&#39;Nrityam&#39;&#39;&#39;&#39;)</em></li> <li>00:16, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "हिन्‍दी" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;हिन्दी]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>00:16, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "भारतस्‍य राष्ट्रपति:" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;भारतस्य राष्ट्रपति:]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>00:15, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "धर्मेन्द्र:" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;धर्मेन्द्र]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>00:15, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "बाङ्‌गला" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;बाङगला]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>00:15, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "ऐश्‍वर्या राय" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;ऐश्वर्या राय]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>00:15, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "उजबेकिस्‍थान" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;उजबेकिस्थान]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>00:14, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "ईथ्‍योपिया" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;ईथ्योपिया]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>00:14, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "ईजिप्‍ट" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;ईजिप्ट]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>00:12, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "आस्‍ट्रेलिया" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;आस्ट्रेलिया]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>00:11, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "आर्मीनियन"</li> <li>00:11, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "आर्यभट" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}&#39;)</em></li> <li>00:11, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "अयोध्‍या" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;अयोध्या]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>00:11, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "अभियांत्रिकी शासत्रं" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}&#39;)</em></li> <li>00:03, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "अब‍खाजिया" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}&#39;)</em></li> <li>00:01, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "अफगानस्‍थान" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}&#39;)</em></li> <li>00:01, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "अर्थशास्‍त्रम्‌"</li> <li>00:01, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "अर्थशास्‍त्रं" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;अर्थशास्त्रं]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>00:01, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "अर्जन्‍टीना" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}&#39;)</em></li> <li>00:01, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "अब्‍खाजिया" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}&#39;)</em></li> <li>00:00, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "उपनिषद्‌" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;उपनिषद्]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>00:00, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "इन्‍दिरा गान्‍धी" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;इन्दिरा गान्धी]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>00:00, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "द्वन्‍द्वयुद्‌धम्‌" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;द्वन्द्वयुद्धम्]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>00:00, 3 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "कजाकस्‍थान" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}&#39;&#39;&#39;कजाकस्‍थान&#39;&#39;&#39;&#39;)</em></li> <li>23:58, 2 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "केन्‍द्रीय अफ्रीका गणराज्‍य" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;केन्द्रीय अफ्रीका गणराज्य]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>23:58, 2 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "अंटीग्‍वा" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}&#39;)</em></li> <li>23:58, 2 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "Armenia" <em>(content was: &#39;&#39;&#39;This page has been blanked because it is not in Sanskrit. The content of this page has been moved to &#91;&#91;आर्मीनिया]].&#39;&#39; &#123;&#123;delete...&#39;)</em></li> <li>23:41, 2 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "रसायनशास्‍त्रं" <em>(content was: &#39;&#123;&#123;delete}}#REDIRECT &#91;&#91;रसायनशास्त्रं]]&#39;)</em></li> <li>23:29, 2 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "ITRANS scheme"</li> <li>23:24, 2 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "Zero-sum game"</li> <li>23:24, 2 Nov 2004 [[User:Yann|Yann]] deleted "Crete"</li> </ul> 2149 10551 2006-05-16T05:29:48Z DaGizza 117 adjust <div class="notice metadata" id="stub" style="clear:both;">''This article is a [[Wikipedia:Stub|stub]]. You can help Wikipedia by <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=edit}} expanding it]</span>. ''</div><includeonly>[[Category:Stubs]]</includeonly> <noinclude>''This template will categorize articles that include it into [[:Category:Stubs]].'' [[ang:Template:Stycce]] [[da:Skabelon:Stub]] [[de:Vorlage:Stub]] [[eo:Ŝablono:Ĝermo]] [[es:Plantilla:Esbozo]] [[eu:Template:Zirriborro]] [[fr:Modèle:Ébauche]] [[ia:Template:Esbozo]] [[it:Template:Stub]] [[mi:Template:Stub]] [[nl:Sjabloon:Beg]] [[pl:Szablon:Stub]] [[pt:Predefinição:Esboço]] [[ro:Format:Ciot]] [[ru:Template:Stub]] [[sk:Šablóna:Výhonok]] [[tr:Şablon:Taslak]] [[bs:Template:U začetku]] [[ca:Template:Esborrany]] [[cy:Nodyn:Stwbyn]] [[ga:Template:Stub]] [[gd:Template:Bun]] [[hr:Template:Stub]] [[hu:Sablon:csonk]] [[id:Template:Stub]] [[is:Snið:Stubbur]] [[ku:Template:kurt]] [[lt:Template:Stub]] [[lv:Template:Stub]] [[ms:Template:Stub]] [[nn:Template:Stub]] [[no:Mal:Stubb]] [[oc:Template:Esbòç]] [[scn:Template:Stub]] [[simple:Template:Stub]] [[sl:Template:Stub]] [[su:Template:Pondok]] [[sv:Template:Stub]] [[tt:Template:Töpçek]] [[vi:Tiêu bản:Sơ khai]] [[wa:Modele:djermon]] </noinclude> 2150 7306 2004-11-02T23:41:46Z Yann 25 Candidates for speedy deletion 2153 10870 2006-07-08T17:16:37Z HPN 22 [[Digits in Sanskrit]] moved to [[संख्यानि]] संख्यानि (0 - 9) <br> ०<br> १<br> २<br> ३<br> ४<br> ५<br> ६<br> ७<br> ८<br> ९<br> 2155 11210 2006-09-02T11:28:54Z DaGizza 117 rv {{shortcut|[[WP:HEP]]}} <!-- If you want to test out editing pages, please use the "Sandbox" for your tests. To go to the sandbox, type "WP:SB" in the search box on the left, and hit "Go" --> :''See also [[Help:Editing]], [[m:Help:Editing]]'' :''Part of the [[Wikipedia:Style and How-to Directory|Style and How-to]] Series'' [[Wikipedia]] is a [[Wiki|WikiWiki]], which means that anyone can easily edit any '''[[Wikipedia:Protected page|unprotected]]''' [[Wikipedia:What is an article|article]] and have those changes posted immediately to that page. Editing a Wiki page is easy: Simply click on the "'''Edit this page'''" tab at the top (or the edit link on the right or bottom) of a Wiki page. This will bring you to a page with a text box containing the editable text of that page. (If you want to experiment, please do so in our [[Wikipedia:sandbox|sandbox]], not here. You could open the [[Wikipedia:sandbox|sandbox]] in a separate window or tab to be able to see both this text and your tests in the sandbox.) Type away, write a short [[Wikipedia:Edit summary|edit summary]] on the small field below the edit-box. You may use shorthand to describe your changes, as described in the [[Wikipedia:Edit summary legend|legend]], and when you've finished, press [[Wikipedia:Show preview|preview]] to see how your changes will look. Then press "Save". Depending on your system, pressing "Enter" while the edit box is not active (when there is no typing cursor in it) may have the same effect as pressing the "Save" button. Also, please do not vandalise the information on Wikipedia. You can also click on the "'''Discussion'''" tab (or the "'''Discuss this page'''" link) to see the corresponding [[Wikipedia:Talk page|talk page]], which contains comments about the page from other Wikipedia users. Click on the "'''+'''" tab (or "'''Edit this page'''") to add a comment. ==More information on editing wiki pages== This page is the reference for '''wiki markup'''. You may also want to learn about: * [[Help:Starting a new page|How to start a page]] * Informal tips on [[Wikipedia:Contributing to Wikipedia|contributing to Wikipedia]] * Editing tasks in general at the [[Wikipedia:Editing FAQ]] * Why not to rename pages '''boldly''', at [[Wikipedia:How to rename (move) a page]] * Preferred layout of your article, at [[Wikipedia:Guide to Layout|Guide to Layout]] (see also [[Wikipedia:Boilerplate text]]) * Style conventions in the [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style]] * General policies in [[Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines]] * [[Wikipedia:Naming conventions]] for how to name articles themselves * If you are making an article about something that belongs to a group of objects (a city, an astronomical object, a chinese character...) check out if there is a [[Wikipedia:WikiProject|WikiProject]] on the group and try to follow its directions explicitly. * Finally, for a list of articles about editing Wikipedia consult [[Wikipedia:Style and How-to Directory]] or [[Wikipedia:Utilities]] ==Tips on editing Wikipedia articles== Please use a [[Neutral point of view|neutral point of view]], and please [[Wikipedia:Cite your sources|cite your sources]] so others can check and extend your work. It is often more convenient to copy and paste the text first into your favorite [[text editor]], edit and spell check there, and then paste back into the browser to [[Wikipedia:Show preview|preview]]. This way, you can also keep a local backup copy of the pages you authored so that you can make changes offline. Some text editors can be specially adapted to edit Wikipedia articles: see [[Wikipedia:syntax highlighting]]. If during editing you want to see the current version again, open "Cancel" in a new window. This does not cancel your edit. After making a new page, it's a good idea to *With your page displayed, use ''What links here'' to check the articles that already link to it, and make sure that they are all expecting the same meaning that you have supplied; *Use the Search button to launch a Google search of Wikipedia for your topic title (and possibly variants), to find articles that mention it, and make links from them if appropriate; *Check for corresponding articles in the Wikipedias of other languages that you can read. ===Safari browser 60-second timeout=== If you use the Safari browser on Mac OS X, you may find that the 60-second browser timeout is shorter than the amount of time it takes for your edit to be acknowledged, especially when server load is high. Clicking "Save page" again will cause the edit to be repeated, which can be disastrous when doing section edits. You may want to install [http://www.unsanity.com/products/free SafariNoTimeout], a free extension that will increase the 60-second timeout to 10 minutes. Note that this "haxie" does not require Application Enhancer. Alternatively, the Safari plug-in [http://haoli.dnsalias.com/Saft/ Saft] also allows you to alter the timeout, although it is not free. == Minor edits == ''See also [[Wikipedia:Minor edit]]'' When editing a page, a [[Wikipedia:How to log in|logged-in]] user can mark that edit as "minor". Minor edits generally mean spelling corrections, formatting, and minor rearranging of text. It is possible to ''hide'' minor edits when viewing [[Wikipedia:Recent Changes]]. Marking a significant change as a minor edit is considered bad behavior, and even more so if it involves the deletion of some text. If one has accidentally marked an edit as minor, the person should edit the source once more, mark it major (or, rather, ensure that the check-box for "This is a minor edit" is not checked), and, in the summary, state that the previous change was a major one. == The wiki markup == In the left column of the table below, you can see what effects are possible. In the right column, you can see how those effects were achieved. In other words, to make text look like it looks in the left column, type it in the format you see in the right column. You may want to keep this page open in a separate browser window for reference. If you want to try out things without danger of doing any harm, you can do so '''in the [[Wikipedia:Sandbox|Sandbox]]'''. ---- <!-- :'''The rest of this page is deprecated but will be updated periodically.''' :'''Please direct edits to the [[meta:MediaWiki User's Guide: Editing overview|Meta-Wikimedia version of this page]]''' --> === Sections, paragraphs, lists and lines === {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- ! What it looks like ! What you type |- valign="top" | Start your [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style (headings)|sections]] as follows: <!-- The following code messes up the table of contents and makes the section edit links much less useful, so please do not use it. ==New section== ===Subsection=== ====Sub-subsection==== --> <!-- The following should look almost the same, using HTML headings markup instead of wiki headings. However, it messes up the section edit links, so please do not use it. <h2>New section</h2> <h3>Subsection</h3> <h4>Sub-subsection</h4> --> <!-- The following just uses bolding and font changes, so it should be safe. However, it might not look exactly right, especially when people use non-standard CSS stylesheets. --> '''<font style="font-size:120%">New section</font>''' '''<font style="font-size:110%">Subsection</font>''' '''<font style="font-size:100%">Sub-subsection</font>''' * Start with a second-level heading (<tt><nowiki>==</nowiki></tt>); do not use first-level headings (=). * Do not skip levels (e.g., second-level followed by fourth-level). * A [[#Placement_of_the_Table_of_Contents_.28TOC.29|Table of Contents]] will automatically be added to an article that has four or more sections. | <pre><nowiki> ==New section== ===Subsection=== ====Sub-subsection==== </nowiki></pre> |- valign="top" | A single [[newline]] generally has no effect on the layout. These can be used to separate sentences within a paragraph. Some editors find that this aids editing and improves the ''diff'' function (used internally to compare different versions of a page). But an empty line starts a new paragraph. * When used in a list, a newline ''does'' affect the layout ([[#lists|see below]]). | <pre><nowiki> A single [[newline]] generally has no effect on the layout. These can be used to separate sentences within a paragraph. Some editors find that this aids editing and improves the ''diff'' function (used internally to compare different versions of a page). But an empty line starts a new paragraph. </nowiki></pre> |- valign="top" | You can break lines<br> without starting a new paragraph. * Please use this sparingly. | <pre><nowiki> You can break lines<br> without starting a new paragraph. </nowiki></pre> |- id="lists" valign="top" | * Lists are easy to do: ** Start every line with a star. *** More stars means deeper levels. **** A newline in a list marks the end of a list item. * An empty line starts a new list. | <pre><nowiki> * Lists are easy to do: ** Start every line with a star. *** More stars means deeper levels. **** A newline in a list marks the end of a list item. * An empty line starts a new list. </nowiki></pre> |- valign="top" | # Numbered lists are also good ## very organized ## easy to follow | <pre><nowiki> # Numbered lists are also good ## very organized ## easy to follow </nowiki></pre> |- valign="top" | * You can even do mixed lists *# and nest them *#* like this | <pre><nowiki> * You can even do mixed lists *# and nest them *#* like this </nowiki></pre> |- valign="top" | ; Definition list : list of definitions ; item : the item's definition ; another item : the other item's definition * One item per line; a newline can appear before the colon, but using a space before the colon improves parsing. | <pre><nowiki> ; Definition list : list of definitions ; item : the item's definition ; another item : the other item's definition </nowiki></pre> |- valign="top" | : A colon indents a line or paragraph. A manual newline starts a new paragraph. * This is primarily for displayed material, but is also used for discussion on [[Wikipedia:Talk page|Talk page]]s. | <pre><nowiki> : A colon indents a line or paragraph. A manual newline starts a new paragraph. </nowiki></pre> |- valign=top | IF a line starts with a space THEN it will be formatted exactly as typed; in a fixed-width font; lines won't wrap; ENDIF this is useful for: * pasting preformatted text; * algorithm descriptions; * program source code; * [[ASCII art]]; * chemical structures; * '''WARNING:''' If you make it wide, you [[page widening|force the whole page to be wide]] and hence less readable, especially for people who use lower resolutions. Never start ordinary lines with spaces. | <pre><nowiki> IF a line starts with a space THEN it will be formatted exactly as typed; in a fixed-width font; lines won't wrap; ENDIF this is useful for: * pasting preformatted text; * algorithm descriptions; * program source code; * [[ASCII art]]; * chemical structures; </nowiki></pre> |- valign="top" | <center>Centered text.</center> <br>''Note the American spelling of "center" (not "centre").'' | <pre><nowiki> <center>Centered text.</center> </nowiki></pre> |- valign="top" | A [[horizontal dividing line]]: this is above it ---- and this is below it. * Mainly useful for separating threads on Talk pages. * Also used to [[Wikipedia:Disambiguation|disambiguate]] within an article without creating a separate page. | <pre><nowiki> A [[horizontal dividing line]]: this is above it ---- and this is below it. </nowiki></pre> |} === Links and URLs === {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- ! What it looks like ! What you type |- valign="top" | London has [[public transport]]. * A link to another Wikipedia article. * Internally, the first letter of the target page is automatically capitalized and spaces are represented as underscores (typing an underscore in the link has the same effect as typing a space, but is not recommended). * Thus the link above is to the [[URL]] http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_transport, which is the Wikipedia article with the name "Public transport". See also [[Wikipedia:Canonicalization]]. | <pre><nowiki> London has [[public transport]]. </nowiki></pre> |- valign="top" | San Francisco also has [[public transport|public transportation]]. * Same target, different name. * This is a [[piped link]]. | <pre><nowiki> San Francisco also has [[public transport|public transportation]]. </nowiki></pre> |- valign="top" | San Francisco also has [[public transport]]ation. Examples include [[bus]]es, [[taxi]]s and [[streetcar]]s. * Endings are blended into the link. * Preferred style is to use this instead of a piped link, if possible. | <pre><nowiki> San Francisco also has [[public transport]]ation. Examples include [[bus]]es, [[taxi]]s and [[streetcar]]s. </nowiki></pre> |- valign="top" | See the [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style]]. * A link to another [[Wikipedia:namespace|namespace]]. | <pre><nowiki> See the [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style]]. </nowiki></pre> |- id="link-to-section" valign="top" | [[Economics#See also]] is a link to a section within another page. [[#Links and URLs]] is a link to a section on the current page. [[#example]] is a link to an anchor that was created using <div id="example">an id attribute</div> * The part after the number sign (#) must match a section heading on the page, or an identifier created in some other way. Matches must be exact in terms of spelling, case and punctuation. Links to non-existent sections aren't broken; they are treated as links to the top of the page. * Identifiers may be created by attaching an <code>id="..."></code> attribute to almost any HTML element. | <pre><nowiki> [[Economics#See also]] is a link to a section within another page. [[#Links and URLs]] is a link to a section on the current page. [[#example]] is a link to an anchor that was created using <div id="example">an id attribute</div> </nowiki></pre> |- valign="top" | Automatically hide stuff in parentheses: [[kingdom (biology)|kingdom]]. Automatically hide namespace: [[Wikipedia:Village Pump|Village Pump]]. Or both: [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style (headings)|Manual of Style]] But not: [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style#Links|]] * The server fills in the part after the pipe character (|) when you save the page. The next time you open the edit box you will see the expanded piped link. When [[Wikipedia:Show preview|preview]]ing your edits, you will not see the expanded form until you press '''Save''' and '''Edit''' again. The same applies to links to sections within the same page ([[#link-to-section|see previous entry]]). | <pre><nowiki> Automatically hide stuff in parentheses: [[kingdom (biology)|]]. Automatically hide namespace: [[Wikipedia:Village Pump|]]. Or both: [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style (headings)|]] But not: [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style#Links|]] </nowiki></pre> |- valign="top" | [[The weather in London]] is a page that doesn't exist yet. * You can create it by clicking on the link (but please don't do so with this particular link). * To create a new page: *# Create a link to it on some other (related) page. *# Save that page. *# Click on the link you just made. The new page will open for editing. * For more information, see [[Wikipedia:How to start a page|How to start a page]] and check out Wikipedia's [[Wikipedia:Naming conventions|naming conventions]]. * Please do not create a new article without linking to it from at least one other article. | <pre><nowiki> [[The weather in London]] is a page that doesn't exist yet. </nowiki></pre> |- valign="top" | [[Wikipedia:How to edit a page]] is this page. * [[Self link]]s appear as bold text when the article is viewed. * Do not use this technique to make the article name bold in the first paragraph; see the [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style#Article names|Manual of Style]]. | <pre><nowiki> [[Wikipedia:How to edit a page]] is this page. </nowiki></pre> |- valign="top" | When adding a comment to a Talk page, you should sign it by adding three tildes to add your user name: : [[User:Montrealais|Montrealais]] or four to add user name plus date/time: : [[User:Montrealais|Montrealais]] 08:10 Oct 5, 2002 (UTC) These both provide a link to your [[Wikipedia:user page|user page]]. Five tildes gives the date/time alone: : 12:57, 22 Aug 2004 (UTC) | <pre><nowiki> When adding a comment to a Talk page, you should sign it by adding three tildes to add your user name: : ~~~ or four for user name plus date/time: : ~~~~ Five tildes gives the date/time alone: : ~~~~~ </nowiki></pre> |- valign="top" | * [[Wikipedia:Redirect|Redirect]] one article title to another by placing a directive like the one shown to the right on the ''first'' line of the article (such as at a page titled "[[USA]]"). * Note that it is not possible to redirect to a ''section''. For example, "<nowiki>#REDIRECT [[United States#History]]</nowiki>" will redirect to the [[United States]] page, but not to any particular section on it. This feature '''will not''' be implemented in the future, so such redirects should not be used. | <pre><nowiki> #REDIRECT [[United States]] </nowiki></pre> |- valign="top" | * Link to a page on the same subject in another language by using a link of the form: <nowiki>[[language code:Title]]</nowiki>. * It does not matter where you put these links while editing as they will always show up in the same place when you save the page, but placement at the end of the edit box is recommended. * Please see [[Wikipedia:Interlanguage links]] and the [[Wikipedia:Complete list of language wikis available|list of languages and codes]]. | <pre><nowiki> [[fr:Wikipédia:Aide]] </nowiki></pre> |- valign="top" | '''What links here''' and '''Related changes''' pages can be linked as: [[Special:Whatlinkshere/Wikipedia:How to edit a page]] and [[Special:Recentchangeslinked/Wikipedia:How to edit a page]] | <pre><nowiki> '''What links here''' and '''Related changes''' pages can be linked as: [[Special:Whatlinkshere/Wikipedia:How to edit a page]] and [[Special:Recentchangeslinked/Wikipedia:How to edit a page]] </nowiki></pre> |- valign="top" | A user's '''Contributions''' page can be linked as: [[Special:Contributions/UserName]] or [[Special:Contributions/192.0.2.0]] | <pre><nowiki> A user's '''Contributions''' page can be linked as: [[Special:Contributions/UserName]] or [[Special:Contributions/192.0.2.0]] </nowiki></pre> |- valign="top" | * To put an article in a [[Wikipedia:Category]], place a link like the one to the right anywhere in the article. As with interlanguage links, it does not matter where you put these links while editing as they will always show up in the same place when you save the page, but placement at the end of the edit box is recommended. | <pre><nowiki> [[Category:Character sets]] </nowiki></pre> |- valign="top" | * To ''link'' to a [[Wikipedia:Category]] page without putting the article into the category, use an initial colon (:) in the link. | <pre><nowiki> [[:Category:Character sets]] </nowiki></pre> |- id="link-external" valign="top" | Three ways to link to external (non-wiki) sources: # Bare URL: http://www.nupedia.com/ (bad style) # Unnamed link: [http://www.nupedia.com/] (bad style) # Named link: [http://www.nupedia.com Nupedia] :See [[MetaWikiPedia:Interwiki_map]] for the list of shortcuts. * Square brackets indicate an external link. Note the use of a ''space'' (not a pipe) to separate the URL from the link text in the "named" version. * In the [[URL]], all symbols must be among:<br/>'''A-Z a-z 0-9 . _ \ / ~ % - + &amp; # ? ! = ( ) @ \x80-\xFF''' * If a URL contains a character not in this list, it should be encoded by using a percent sign (%) followed by the [[hexadecimal|hex]] code of the character, which can be found in the table of [[ASCII#ASCII printable characters|ASCII printable characters]]. For example, the caret character (^) would be encoded in a URL as '''%5E'''. * See [[Wikipedia:External links]] for style issues. | <pre><nowiki> Three ways to link to external (non-wiki) sources: # Bare URL: http://www.nupedia.com/ # Unnamed link: [http://www.nupedia.com/] # Named link: [http://www.nupedia.com Nupedia] </nowiki></pre> |- valign="top" | Linking to other wikis: # [[Interwiki]] link: [[Wiktionary:Hello]] # Named interwiki link: [[Wiktionary:Hello|Hello]] # Interwiki link without prefix: [[Wiktionary:Hello|Hello]] * All of these forms lead to the URL http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Hello * Note that interwiki links use the ''internal'' link style. * See [[MetaWikiPedia:Interwiki_map]] for the list of shortcuts; if the site you want to link to isn't on the list, use an external link ([[#link-external|see above]]). * See also [[Wikipedia:How to link to Wikimedia projects]]. Linking to another language's wiktionary: # [[Wiktionary:fr:Bonjour]] # [[Wiktionary:fr:Bonjour|Bonjour]] # [[Wiktionary:fr:Bonjour|fr:Bonjour]] * All of these forms lead to the URL http://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/Bonjour | <pre><nowiki> Linking to other wikis: # [[Interwiki]] link: [[Wiktionary:Hello]] # Named interwiki link: [[Wiktionary:Hello|Hello]] # Interwiki link without prefix: [[Wiktionary:Hello|]] Linking to another language's wiktionary: # [[Wiktionary:fr:Bonjour]] # [[Wiktionary:fr:Bonjour|Bonjour]] # [[Wiktionary:fr:Bonjour|]] </nowiki></pre> |- valign="top" | ISBN 012345678X ISBN 0-123-45678-X * Link to books using their [[Wikipedia:ISBN|ISBN]] numbers. This is preferred to linking to a specific online bookstore, because it gives the reader a choice of vendors. * ISBN links do not need any extra markup, provided you use one of the indicated formats. | <pre><nowiki> ISBN 012345678X ISBN 0-123-45678-X </nowiki></pre> |- valign=top | Date formats: # [[July 20]], [[1969]] # [[20 July]] [[1969]] # [[1969]]-[[07-20]] * Link dates in one of the above formats, so that everyone can set their own display order. If [[Special:Userlogin|logged in]], you can use [[Special:Preferences]] to change your own date display setting. * All of the above dates will appear as "[[20 July|20 July]] [[1969|1969]]" if you set your date display preference to "15 January 2001", but as "[[20 July|July 20]], [[1969|1969]]" if you set it to "January 15, 2001". | <pre><nowiki> Date formats: # [[July 20]], [[1969]] # [[20 July]] [[1969]] # [[1969]]-[[07-20]] </nowiki></pre> |- valign="top" | [[media:Sg_mrob.ogg|Sound]] *To include links to non-image uploads such as sounds, use a "media" link. For images, [[#Images|see next section]]. Some uploaded sounds are listed at [[Wikipedia:Sound]]. | <pre><nowiki> [[media:Sg_mrob.ogg|Sound]] </nowiki></pre> |} === Images === {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- ! What it looks like ! What you type |- valign="top" | A picture: [[Image:Wiki.png|frame|right|Wikipedia Encyclopedia]]<br clear=all> * Only images that have been uploaded to Wikipedia can be used. To upload images, use the [[Special:Upload|upload page]]. You can find the uploaded image on the [[Special:Imagelist|image list]]. * See the [[Wikipedia:Image use policy|image use policy]], [[Wikipedia:Image markup|extended image markup/syntax]] (also possibly [[Wikipedia:Image markup with HTML|image HTML markup]]) for more hints. * Alternative text, used when the image isn't loaded, in a text-only browser, or when spoken aloud, is '''strongly''' encouraged. See [[Wikipedia:Alternate text for images|Alternate text for images]] for help on choosing it. | <pre><nowiki> A picture: [[Image:Wiki.png]]</nowiki></pre> or, with alternative text <pre><nowiki>[[Image:Wiki.png|jigsaw globe]]</nowiki></pre> or, floating to the right side of the page and with a caption. <pre><nowiki>A picture: [[Image:Wiki.png|frame|Wikipedia Encyclopedia]]</nowiki></pre> or, floating to the right side of the page ''without'' a caption. <pre><nowiki>[[Image:Wiki.png|right|Wikipedia Encyclopedia]]</nowiki></pre> ''The frame tag automatically floats the image right. Always add alternative texts to images, even if it has no caption.'' |- | Clicking on an uploaded image displays a description page, which you can also link directly to: [[:Image:Wiki.png]] | <pre><nowiki> [[:Image:Wiki.png]] </nowiki></pre> |- | To include links to images shown as links instead of drawn on the page, use a "media" link. <br/>[[media:Tornado.jpg|Image of a Tornado]] | <pre> <nowiki> [[media:Tornado.jpg|Image of a Tornado]] </nowiki></pre> |} === Character formatting === {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- valign="top" ! What it looks like ! What you type |- id="emph" valign="top" | ''Emphasize'', '''strongly''', '''''very strongly'''''. * These are double and triple apostrophes (single-quote marks), not double-quote marks. | <pre><nowiki> ''Emphasize'', '''strongly''', '''''very strongly'''''. </nowiki></pre> |- valign="top" | <math>\sin x + \ln y</math><br> sin''x'' + ln''y'' <!-- no space between roman "sin" and italic "x" --> <math>\mathbf{x} = 0</math><br> '''x''' = 0 Ordinary text should use [[#emph|wiki markup for emphasis]], and should not use <code>&lt;i&gt;</code> or <code>&lt;b&gt;</code>. However, mathematical formulas often use italics, and sometimes use bold, for reasons unrelated to emphasis. Complex formulas should use [[m:Help:Formula|<code>&lt;math&gt;</code> markup]], and simple formulas may use <code>&lt;math&gt;</code>; or <code>&lt;i&gt;</code> and <code>&lt;b&gt;</code>; or <code><nowiki>''</nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki>'''</nowiki></code>. According to [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Mathematics#Italicization and bolding|WikiProject Mathematics]], wiki markup is preferred over HTML markup like <code>&lt;i&gt;</code> and <code>&lt;b&gt;</code>. | <pre><nowiki> <math>\sin x + \ln y</math> sin''x'' + ln''y'' <math>\mathbf{x} = 0</math> '''x''' = 0 </nowiki></pre> |- valign="top" | A typewriter font for <tt>monospace text</tt> or for computer code: <code>int main()</code> * For semantic reasons, using <code>&lt;code&gt;</code> where applicable is preferable to using <code>&lt;tt&gt;</code>. | <pre><nowiki> A typewriter font for <tt>monospace text</tt> or for computer code: <code>int main()</code> </nowiki></pre> |- valign="top" | You can use <small>small text</small> for captions. | <pre><nowiki> You can use <small>small text</small> for captions. </nowiki></pre> |- valign="top" | You can <s>strike out deleted material</s> and <u>underline new material</u>. You can also mark <del>deleted material</del> and <ins>inserted material</ins> using logical markup rather than visual markup. * When editing regular Wikipedia articles, just make your changes and don't mark them up in any special way. * When editing your own previous remarks in talk pages, it is sometimes appropriate to mark up deleted or inserted material. | <pre><nowiki> You can <s>strike out deleted material</s> and <u>underline new material</u>. You can also mark <del>deleted material</del> and <ins>inserted material</ins> using logical markup rather than visual markup. </nowiki></pre> |- valign="top" | '''Diacritical marks:''' <br/> è é ê ë ì í À Á Â Ã Ä Å <br/> Æ Ç È É Ê Ë <br/> Ì Í Î Ï Ñ Ò <br/> Ó Ô Õ Ö Ø Ù <br/> Ú Û Ü ß à á <br/> â ã ä å æ ç <br/> è é ê ë ì í<br/> î ï ñ ò ó ô <br/> &oelig; õ ö ø ù ú <br/> û ü ÿ * See [[Wikipedia:Special characters]]. | <br/> <pre><nowiki> è é ê ë ì í &amp;Agrave; &amp;Aacute; &amp;Acirc; &amp;Atilde; &amp;Auml; &amp;Aring; &amp;AElig; &amp;Ccedil; &amp;Egrave; &amp;Eacute; &amp;Ecirc; &amp;Euml; &amp;Igrave; &amp;Iacute; &amp;Icirc; &amp;Iuml; &amp;Ntilde; &amp;Ograve; &amp;Oacute; &amp;Ocirc; &amp;Otilde; &amp;Ouml; &amp;Oslash; &amp;Ugrave; &amp;Uacute; &amp;Ucirc; &amp;Uuml; &amp;szlig; &amp;agrave; &amp;aacute; &amp;acirc; &amp;atilde; &amp;auml; &amp;aring; &amp;aelig; &amp;ccedil; &amp;egrave; &amp;eacute; &amp;ecirc; &amp;euml; &amp;igrave; &amp;iacute; &amp;icirc; &amp;iuml; &amp;ntilde; &amp;ograve; &amp;oacute; &amp;ocirc; &amp;oelig; &amp;otilde; &amp;ouml; &amp;oslash; &amp;ugrave; &amp;uacute; &amp;ucirc; &amp;uuml; &amp;yuml; </nowiki></pre> |- valign="top" | '''Punctuation:''' <br/> ¿ ¡ § ¶<br/> &dagger; &Dagger; &bull; &ndash; &mdash;<br/> &lsaquo; &rsaquo; « »<br/> &lsquo; &rsquo; &ldquo; &rdquo; | <br/> <pre><nowiki> &amp;iquest; &amp;iexcl; &amp;sect; &amp;para; &amp;dagger; &amp;Dagger; &amp;bull; &amp;ndash; &amp;mdash; &amp;lsaquo; &amp;rsaquo; &amp;laquo; &amp;raquo; &amp;lsquo; &amp;rsquo; &amp;ldquo; &amp;rdquo; </nowiki></pre> |- valign="top" | '''Commercial symbols:''' <br/> &trade; © ® ¢ &euro; ¥<br/> £ ¤ | <br/> <pre><nowiki> &amp;trade; &amp;copy; &amp;reg; &amp;cent; &amp;euro; &amp;yen; &amp;pound; &amp;curren; </nowiki></pre> |- valign="top" | '''Subscripts:''' <br/> x₁ x₂ x₃ '''Superscripts:''' <br/> x¹ x² x³ or x&sup1; x&sup2; x&sup3; *The latter method of superscripting can't be used in the most general context, but is preferred when possible (as with units of measurement) because most browsers have an easier time formatting lines with it. &epsilon;₀ = 8.85 &times; 10^&minus;12 C&sup2; / J m. 1 [[hectare]] = [[1 E4 m²]] | <br/> <pre><nowiki> x₁ x₂ x₃ </nowiki></pre> <pre><nowiki> x¹ x² x³ or x&amp;sup1; x&amp;sup2; x&amp;sup3; &lt;/nowiki></pre> <pre><nowiki> &amp;epsilon;₀ = 8.85 &amp;times; 10^{&amp;minus;12} C&amp;sup2; / J m. 1 [[hectare]] = [[1 E4 m²]] </nowiki></pre> |- valign="top" | '''Greek characters:''' <br/> &alpha; &beta; &gamma; &delta; &epsilon; &zeta;<br/> &eta; &theta; &iota; &kappa; &lambda; &mu; &nu;<br/> &xi; &omicron; &pi; &rho; &sigma; &sigmaf;<br/> &tau; &upsilon; &phi; &chi; &psi; &omega;<br/> &Gamma; &Delta; &Theta; &Lambda; &Xi; &Pi;<br/> &Sigma; &Phi; &Psi; &Omega; | <br/> <pre><nowiki> &amp;alpha; &amp;beta; &amp;gamma; &amp;delta; &amp;epsilon; &amp;zeta; &amp;eta; &amp;theta; &amp;iota; &amp;kappa; &amp;lambda; &amp;mu; &amp;nu; &amp;xi; &amp;omicron; &amp;pi; &amp;rho; &amp;sigma; &amp;sigmaf; &amp;tau; &amp;upsilon; &amp;phi; &amp;chi; &amp;psi; &amp;omega; &amp;Gamma; &amp;Delta; &amp;Theta; &amp;Lambda; &amp;Xi; &amp;Pi; &amp;Sigma; &amp;Phi; &amp;Psi; &amp;Omega; </nowiki></pre> |- valign="top" | '''Math characters:''' <br/> &int; &sum; &prod; &radic; &minus; ± &infin;<br/> &asymp; &prop; &equiv; &ne; &le; &ge; &rarr;<br/> &times; · ÷ &part; &prime; &Prime;<br/> &nabla; &permil; ° &there4; &alefsym; ø<br/> &isin; &notin; &cap; &cup; &sub; &sup; &sube; &supe;<br/> ¬ &and; &or; &exist; &forall; &rArr; &hArr;<br/> &rarr; &harr;<br/> * See also [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Mathematics|WikiProject Mathematics]]. | <br/> <pre><nowiki> &amp;int; &amp;sum; &amp;prod; &amp;radic; &amp;minus; &amp;plusmn; &amp;infin; &amp;asymp; &amp;prop; &amp;equiv; &amp;ne; &amp;le; &amp;ge; &amp;rarr; &amp;times; &amp;middot; &amp;divide; &amp;part; &amp;prime; &amp;Prime; &amp;nabla; &amp;permil; &amp;deg; &amp;there4; &amp;alefsym; &amp;oslash; &amp;isin; &amp;notin; &amp;cap; &amp;cup; &amp;sub; &amp;sup; &amp;sube; &amp;supe; &amp;not; &amp;and; &amp;or; &amp;exist; &amp;forall; &amp;rArr; &amp;hArr; &amp;rarr; &amp;harr; </nowiki></pre> |- valign="top" | '''Spacing in simple math formulas:''' <br/> Obviously, ''x''&sup2;&nbsp;&ge;&nbsp;0 is true. *To space things out without allowing line breaks to interrupt the formula, use non-breaking spaces: <tt>&amp;nbsp;</tt>. | <br/> <pre><nowiki> Obviously, ''x''&amp;sup2;&amp;nbsp;&amp;ge;&amp;nbsp;0 is true. </nowiki></pre> |- valign="top" | '''Complicated formulas:''' <br/> : <math>\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{x^n}{n!}</math> * See [[m:Help:Formula]] for how to use <tt>&lt;math></tt>. * A formula displayed on a line by itself should probably be indented by using the colon (:) character. | <br/> <pre><nowiki> : <math>\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{x^n}{n!}</math> </nowiki></pre> |- valign="top" | '''Suppressing interpretation of markup:''' <br/> <nowiki>Link &rarr; (''to'') the [[Wikipedia FAQ]]</nowiki> * Used to show literal data that would otherwise have special meaning. * Escape all wiki markup, including that which looks like HTML tags. * Does not escape HTML character references. * To escape HTML character references such as <tt>&amp;rarr;</tt> use <tt>&amp;amp;rarr;</tt> | <br/> <pre><nowiki> &lt;nowiki>Link &amp;rarr; (''to'') the [[Wikipedia FAQ]]&lt;/nowiki> </nowiki></pre> |- valign="top" | '''Commenting page source:''' <br/> ''not shown when viewing page'' * Used to leave comments in a page for future editors. * Note that most comments should go on the appropriate [[Wikipedia:Talk page|Talk page]]. | <br/> <pre><nowiki> &lt;!-- comment here --> </nowiki></pre> |} ''(see also: [[Chess symbols in Unicode]])'' === Tables === ==== Placement of the Table of Contents (TOC) ==== At the current status of the wiki markup language, having at least four headers on a page triggers the TOC to appear in front of the first header (or after introductory sections). Putting <nowiki>__TOC__</nowiki> anywhere forces the TOC to appear at that point (instead of just before the first header). Putting <nowiki>__NOTOC__</nowiki> anywhere forces the TOC to disappear. See also [[Wikipedia:Section#Compact_TOC|compact TOC]] for alphabet and year headings. ==== Tables ==== There are two ways to build tables: *in special Wiki-markup (see [[m:Help:Table]]) *with the usual HTML elements: &lt;table&gt;, &lt;tr&gt;, &lt;td&gt; or &lt;th&gt;. For the latter, and a discussion on when tables are appropriate, see [[Wikipedia:How to use tables]]. ===Variables=== ''(See also [[m:Help:Variable]])'' {| |- ! Code ! Effect |- | <nowiki>{{CURRENTMONTH}}</nowiki> || {{CURRENTMONTH}} |- | <nowiki>{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}</nowiki> | {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} |- | <nowiki>{{CURRENTMONTHNAMEGEN}}</nowiki> | {{CURRENTMONTHNAMEGEN}} |- | <nowiki>{{CURRENTDAY}}</nowiki> || {{CURRENTDAY}} |- | <nowiki>{{CURRENTDAYNAME}}</nowiki> || {{CURRENTDAYNAME}} |- | <nowiki>{{CURRENTYEAR}}</nowiki> || {{CURRENTYEAR}} |- | <nowiki>{{CURRENTTIME}}</nowiki> || {{CURRENTTIME}} |- | <nowiki>{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}</nowiki> | {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} |- | <nowiki>{{PAGENAME}}</nowiki> || {{PAGENAME}} |- | <nowiki>{{NAMESPACE}}</nowiki> || {{NAMESPACE}} |- | <nowiki>{{localurl:pagename}}</nowiki> | {{localurl:pagename}} |- | <nowiki>{{localurl:</nowiki>''Wikipedia:Sandbox''<nowiki>|action=edit}}</nowiki> | {{localurl:Wikipedia:Sandbox|action=edit}} |- | <nowiki>{{SERVER}}</nowiki> || {{SERVER}} |- | <nowiki>{{ns:1}}</nowiki> || {{ns:1}} |- | <nowiki>{{ns:2}}</nowiki> || {{ns:2}} |- | <nowiki>{{ns:3}}</nowiki> || {{ns:3}} |- | <nowiki>{{ns:4}}</nowiki> || {{ns:4}} |- | <nowiki>{{ns:5}}</nowiki> || {{ns:5}} |- | <nowiki>{{ns:6}}</nowiki> || {{ns:6}} |- | <nowiki>{{ns:7}}</nowiki> || {{ns:7}} |- | <nowiki>{{ns:8}}</nowiki> || {{ns:8}} |- | <nowiki>{{ns:9}}</nowiki> || {{ns:9}} |- | <nowiki>{{ns:10}}</nowiki> || {{ns:10}} |- | <nowiki>{{ns:11}}</nowiki> || {{ns:11}} |- | <nowiki>{{ns:12}}</nowiki> || {{ns:12}} |- | <nowiki>{{ns:13}}</nowiki> || {{ns:13}} |- | <nowiki>{{ns:14}}</nowiki> || {{ns:14}} |- | <nowiki>{{ns:15}}</nowiki> || {{ns:15}} |- | <nowiki>{{SITENAME}}</nowiki> || {{SITENAME}} |} '''NUMBEROFARTICLES''' is the number of pages in the main namespace which contain a link and are not a redirect, i.e. number of articles, stubs containing a link, and disambiguation pages. ===Templates=== The [[Wikipedia:MediaWiki|MediaWiki]] software used by Wikipedia has limited support for template inclusion. This means standardized text chunks (such as boilerplate text) can be inserted into articles. For example, typing <nowiki>{{stub}}</nowiki> will appear as ''This article is a [[Wikipedia:The perfect stub article|stub]]. You can help Wikipedia by [[Wikipedia:Find or fix a stub|expanding it]].'' when the page is saved. See [[Wikipedia:Template messages]] for the complete list. Other commonly used ones are: <nowiki>{{disambig}}</nowiki> for disambiguation pages, <nowiki>{{spoiler}}</nowiki> for spoiler warnings and <nowiki>{{sectstub}}</nowiki> like an article stub but for a section. The are many subject specific stubs e.g.: <nowiki> {{Geo-stub}}, {{Hist-stub}} and {{Linux-stub}}</nowiki>. For a complete list of stubs see [[Wikipedia:Template messages#Stubs]]. ===Hiding the edit links=== Insert '''<nowiki>__NOEDITSECTION__</nowiki>''' into the document to suppress the edit links that appear next to every section header. ==See also== *[[m:Help:Editing|Mediawiki user's guide to editing]] *[[Wikipedia:MediaWiki]]. *[[HTML element]]. *[[Wikipedia:Protection policy]] <!-- Interlanguage links --> [[ar:&#1608;&#1610;&#1603;&#1610;&#1576;&#1610;&#1583;&#1610;&#1575;:&#1605;&#1587;&#1575;&#1593;&#1583;&#1577; &#1575;&#1604;&#1578;&#1581;&#1585;&#1610;&#1585;]] [[bg:&#1059;&#1080;&#1082;&#1080;&#1087;&#1077;&#1076;&#1080;&#1103;:&#1050;&#1072;&#1082; &#1089;&#1077; &#1088;&#1077;&#1076;&#1072;&#1082;&#1090;&#1080;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090; &#1089;&#1090;&#1088;&#1072;&#1085;&#1080;&#1094;&#1080;]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:Com s'edita una pàgina]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Jak editovat stránku]] [[da:Wikipedia:Hvordan redigerer jeg en side]] [[de:Wikipedia:Handbuch - Artikel bearbeiten]] [[el:Wikipedia:&#928;&#974;&#962; &#957;&#945; &#949;&#960;&#949;&#958;&#949;&#961;&#947;&#945;&#963;&#964;&#949;&#943;&#964;&#949; &#956;&#953;&#945; &#963;&#949;&#955;&#943;&#948;&#945;]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Kiel redakti pagxon]] [[es:Wikipedia:Cómo se edita una página]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Kuinka_sivuja_muokataan]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Syntaxe wikipédia]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Conas a cuirtear leathanach in eagar]] [[he:&#1493;&#1497;&#1511;&#1497;&#1508;&#1491;&#1497;&#1492;:&#1488;&#1497;&#1498; &#1500;&#1506;&#1512;&#1493;&#1498; &#1491;&#1507;]] [[hi:&#2354;&#2375;&#2326; &#2325;&#2379; &#2325;&#2376;&#2360;&#2375; &#2348;&#2342;&#2354;&#2375;&#2306;]] [[hu:Wikipédia:Hogyan szerkessz egy lapot]] [[id:Wikipedia:Menyunting_sebuah_halaman]] [[it:Wikipedia:Guida_essenziale]] [[lt:Wikipedia:Kaip_Redaguoti_Puslap%C4%AF]] [[ja:Wikipedia:&#32232;&#38598;&#12398;&#20181;&#26041;]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Cum s&#259; editezi o pagin&#259;]] [[ru:&#1050;&#1072;&#1082; &#1088;&#1077;&#1076;&#1072;&#1082;&#1090;&#1080;&#1088;&#1086;&#1074;&#1072;&#1090;&#1100; &#1089;&#1090;&#1088;&#1072;&#1085;&#1080;&#1094;&#1091;]] [[simple:Wikipedia:How to edit]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Urejevanje slovenskih strani]] [[sr:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Hur man redigerar en sida]] [[th:Wikipedia:&#3585;&#3634;&#3619;&#3649;&#3585;&#3657;&#3652;&#3586;&#3627;&#3609;&#3657;&#3634;]] [[tr:Wikipedia:Sayfa_nas%C4%B1l_de%C4%9Fi%C5%9Ftirilir]] [[ur:%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%DB%81_%DA%A9%D8%B3_%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%AD_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%85_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%8A%DA%BA]] [[vi:Wikipedia:C%C3%A1ch_ch%E1%BB%8Dn_l%E1%BB%8Dc_trang]] [[zh-cn:Wikipedia:%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2]] [[zh-tw:Wikipedia:&#22914;&#20309;&#32232;&#36655;&#38913;&#38754;]] 2156 7312 2004-11-06T02:51:27Z 65.0.107.171 #REDIRECT [[चेन्नै]] 2160 7315 2004-11-10T21:16:59Z 130.39.222.122 #REDIRECT [[लाल बहादुर शास्त्री]] 2163 7317 2004-11-13T20:32:43Z 24.251.242.236 This page is a candidate for moving to Wikisource. [[Category:Interwiki candidates]] 2168 7321 2004-11-30T08:29:03Z 24.6.3.31 '''स्वामी अखंडानन्द सरस्वती''' देखिये: [[:en:Akhandanand]] 2175 7325 2004-12-10T17:09:55Z Anuragr 31 चाणक्य मौर्यवंशप्रथमराज्ञः चंद्रगुप्तस्य मन्त्रीसहायकोच आसीत् | सो प्राचीनभारतस्य प्रसिद्धतम कूटनीतिज्ञोऽभवत् | तेन सहायतया हि चन्द्रगुप्तेन नन्दराज्ञम् अवस्थापितम् मौर्यवंशंस्थापितंच | चाणक्य अर्थशास्त्रिदं पुस्तकस्य लेखको आसीत् | राजनीत्यां तस्य नीतिः चाणक्यनीतीदं नाम्ना प्रसिद्धोऽस्ति | 2177 11096 2006-08-20T12:07:47Z Escarbot 175 robot Adding: arc, ast, av, bm, br, fa, fj, fur, gu, ha, hi, hr, io, kk, kn, ks, ku, la, lad, lmo, nap, os, ps, rmy, se, sk, sm, sq, sw, th, tk, tl, tt, uk, vec, wa, yi, zh-yue Modifying: af, ar, hu, lb, li, lt, nds, su '''Administrators''' are Wikipedians who have "''sysop rights''" . Current Wikipedia policy is to grant this access liberally to anyone who has been an active Wikipedia contributor for a while and is generally a known and trusted member of the community. Generally speaking standards have become harder in practice, however there are several sysops created every week. Present Administrators: *[[User:Hpnadig | HPNadig]] *[[User:Yann | Yann Forget]] [[af:Wikipedia:Administrateur]] [[als:Wikipedia:Administratoren]] [[ar:ويكيبيديا:إداريون]] [[arc:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[ast:Uiquipedia:Alministradores]] [[av:Википедия:Администраторал]] [[be:Вікіпэдыя:Адміністрацыя]] [[bg:Уикипедия:Администратори]] [[bm:Wikipedia:Administrateurs]] [[br:Wikipedia:Merourien]] [[bs:Wikipedia:Administratori]] [[ca:Viquipèdia:Administradors]] [[cs:Wikipedie:Správci]] [[cy:Wicipedia:Gweinyddwyr]] [[da:Wikipedia:Administratorer]] [[de:Wikipedia:Administratoren]] [[el:Βικιπαίδεια:Διαχειριστές]] [[en:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[eo:Vikipedio:Administrantoj]] [[es:Wikipedia:Bibliotecarios]] [[et:Vikipeedia:Administraatorid]] [[eu:Wikipedia:Administratzaileak]] [[fa:ویکی‌پدیا:مدیران]] [[fi:Wikipedia:Ylläpitäjät]] [[fj:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[fo:Wikipedia:Umboðsstjóri]] [[fr:Wikipédia:Administrateur]] [[fur:Vichipedie:Aministradôrs]] [[fy:Wikipedy:Behearders]] [[ga:Vicipéid:Riarthóirí]] [[gl:Wikipedia:Administradores]] [[gu:વિકિપીડિયા:પ્રબંધક]] [[ha:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[he:ויקיפדיה:מפעיל מערכת]] [[hi:विकिपीडिया:प्रबन्धक]] [[hr:Wikipedija:Administratori]] [[hu:Segítség:Adminisztrátorok]] [[ia:Wikipedia:Administratores]] [[id:Wikipedia:Pengurus]] [[io:Wikipedia:Administranti]] [[is:Wikipedia:Stjórnendur]] [[it:Wikipedia:Amministratori]] [[ja:Wikipedia:管理者]] [[ka:ვიკიპედია:ადმინისტრატორები]] [[kk:Wikipedia:Әкімшілер]] [[kn:ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:ನಿರ್ವಾಹಕರು]] [[ko:위키백과:관리자]] [[ks:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[ku:Wîkîpediya:Koordînasyon]] [[la:Vicipaedia:Magistratus]] [[lad:Wikipedia:Administradores]] [[lb:Wikipedia:Administratoren]] [[li:Wikipedia:Systeemwèrkers]] [[lmo:Wikipedia:Aministraduur]] [[lt:Wikipedia:Administratoriai]] [[lv:Wikipedia:Administrācija]] [[mi:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[mk:Википедија:Администратори]] [[ms:Wikipedia:Penyelia]] [[mt:Wikipedija:Amministraturi]] [[na:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[nap:Wikipedia:Amministratore]] [[nds:Wikipedia:Administraters]] [[nl:Wikipedia:Moderator]] [[nn:Wikipedia:Administratorar]] [[no:Wikipedia:Administratorer]] [[os:Википеди:Админтæ]] [[pl:Wikipedia:Administratorzy]] [[ps:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[pt:Wikipedia:Administradores]] [[rmy:Vikipidiya:Administratorurya]] [[ro:Wikipedia:Administratori]] [[ru:Википедия:Администраторы]] [[scn:Wikipedia:Amministraturi]] [[se:Wikipedia:Hálddašeaddjit]] [[simple:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[sk:Wikipédia:Správcovia]] [[sl:Wikipedija:Administratorji]] [[sm:Wikipedia:Administrators]] [[sq:Wikipedia:Administruesit]] [[sr:Википедија:Администратори]] [[su:Wikipedia:Kuncén]] [[sv:Wikipedia:Administratörer]] [[sw:Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]] [[th:วิกิพีเดีย:ผู้ดูแลระบบ]] [[tk:Wikipedia:Yöneticilik Başvurusu]] [[tl:Wikipedia:Mga Tagapangasiwa]] [[tr:Vikipedi:Yöneticiler]] [[tt:Wikipedia:İdäräçelär]] [[uk:Вікіпедія:Адміністратори]] [[vec:Wikipedia:Aministradori]] [[vi:Wikipedia:Người quản lý]] [[wa:Wikipedia:Manaedjeus]] [[yi:װיקיפּעדיע:Administrators]] [[zh:Wikipedia:管理员]] [[zh-min-nan:Wikipedia:Hêng-chèng jîn-oân]] [[zh-yue:Wikipedia:管理員]] 2178 7328 2004-12-14T06:17:51Z HPN 22 This is the page to discuss the interface translations for Sanskrit wikipedia. The translations that have been done until now might or might not be accurate or correct. Please participate and give out your valuable suggestions, and help to sail to a complete sanskrit interface. Please add your keyword suggestions onto discussion page. 2179 12555 2006-12-10T00:24:28Z Eukesh 157 /* विकिपिडिया: देवनागरी टेम्प्लेट परियोजना */ * Discuss and review the interface translations for sanskrit wikipedia [[MediaWiki:Interface Translations | here]]. == Stewards election == Hello, The stewards election has started on [[m:Stewards/elections 2005]]. Anyone can vote provided that he has a valid account on meta with a link to at least one user page, on a project where the editor is a participant, with at least 3 months participation to the project. Stewards can give sysop right on projects where there are no local bureaucrate. Please vote ! [[User:Yann|Yann]] 14:40, 18 May 2005 (UTC) PS: Please translate this and put it in the Village Pump. Thanks. [[User:Yann|Yann]] 14:40, 18 May 2005 (UTC) == नेपाल भाषास्य: विकिपिडियाषु सन्देस == Nepal Bhasa wikipedia has recently started developing [http://new.wikipedia.org here] . We would like to increase co-ordination between the two wikipedia, share resources as well as to learn from this version. If someone is interested, please visit [http://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8 Nepal Bhasa Embassy]. Plus, please consider joining [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Promoting_the_Indian_languages_projects here] and forming an embassy and linking it [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Embassy here] Thank you. --[http://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Eukesh Eukesh] ==Abt a South Asian project== Plz visit [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_new_projects#South_Asian_Script_Enhancement_Project this South Asian Project page] for the development of South Asian languages and express yourself there.--[[User:Eukesh|Eukesh]] 16:51, 24 November 2006 (UTC) == विकिपिडिया: देवनागरी टेम्प्लेट परियोजना == * Please visit [http://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE#.E0.A4.A8.E0.A5.87.E0.A4.AA.E0.A4.BE.E0.A4.B2_.E0.A4.AD.E0.A4.BE.E0.A4.B7.E0.A4.BE this] page for better co-ordination between Devnagari wikipediae as well as to increase the overall efficiency of these wikipediae.--[[User:Eukesh|Eukesh]] 20:43, 8 December 2006 (UTC) ==Devnagari== Sysop, please change your Mediawiki:Monobook.js with source from [http://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki:Monobook.js here] to enable devnagari.--[[User:Eukesh|Eukesh]] 00:24, 10 December 2006 (UTC) 2181 12886 2006-12-18T18:58:25Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: ar, bn, el, gl, he, id, it, ka, lv, nn, pl, pt, sr, sv, tr, ur, zh Modifying: ru '''परवेज़ मुशर्रफ़''' [[पाकिस्तान]]स्य सैनिक तानाशाह अस्ति. {{stub}} [[ar:برفيز مشرف]] [[bn:‍পারভেজ মুশাররফ]] [[de:Pervez Musharraf]] [[el:Περβέζ Μουσάραφ]] [[en:Pervez Musharraf]] [[es:Pervez Musharraf]] [[et:Pervez Musharraf]] [[fi:Pervez Musharraf]] [[fr:Pervez Musharraf]] [[gl:Pervez Musharraf - پرويز مشرف]] [[he:פרבז מושארף]] [[hi:परवेज़ मुशर्रफ़]] [[id:Pervez Musharraf]] [[it:Pervez Musharraf]] [[ja:パルヴェーズ・ムシャラフ]] [[ka:მუშარაფი, პერვეზ]] [[lv:Pervezs Mušarafs]] [[nl:Pervez Musharraf]] [[nn:Pervez Musharraf]] [[no:Pervez Musharraf]] [[pl:Pervez Musharraf]] [[pt:Pervez Musharraf]] [[ru:Мушарраф, Первез]] [[sr:Первез Мушараф]] [[sv:Pervez Musharraf]] [[tr:Pervez Müşerref]] [[ur:پرويز مشرف]] [[zh:佩尔韦兹·穆沙拉夫]] 2182 13027 2006-12-20T05:50:30Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[bpy:জমশেদপুর (ঝাড়খন্ড)]] '''जमशेदपुर''' जिसका दूसरा नाम '''टाटानगर''' भी है, की स्थापना को [[पारसी]] व्यवसायी [[जमशेतजी नौशरवान जी ताता]] के नाम से जोड़ा जाता है। [[१९०७]] में [[टाटा आयरन ऐंड स्टील कंपनी]] (टिस्को) की स्थापना से इस शहर की बुनियाद पड़ी। इससे पहले यह [[साक्ची]] नामक एक आदिवासी गाँव हुआ करता था। यहाँ की मिट्टी काली होने के कारण यहाँ पहला [[रेलवे-स्टेशन]] [[कालीमाटी]] के नाम से बना जिसे बाद में बदलकर टाटानगर कर दिया गया। खनिज पदार्थों की प्रचुर मात्रा में उपलब्धता और [[खड़कई]] तथा [[सुवर्णरेखा]] नदी के आसानी से उपलब्ध पानी, तथा [[कोलकाता]] से नजदीकी के कारण यहाँ आज के आधुनिक शहर का पहला बीज बोया गया। झारखंड के दक्षिणी हिस्से में [[पूर्वी सिंहभूम]] जिले के अंतर्गत जमशेदपुर आज भारत के सबसे प्रगतिशील औद्योगिक नगरों में से एक है। टाटा घराने की कई कंपनियों के उत्पादन इकाई जैसे टिस्को, [[टेल्को]] इत्यादि यहाँ कार्यरत है। ==उद्योग-धंधे== जमशेदपुर सही मायने में एक अत्याधुनिक औद्योगिक नगरी है। यहाँ के कुछ प्रमुख कारखाने हैं: # [[टाटा आयरन ऐंड स्टील कम्पनी]] # [[टाटा मोटर्स]] # [[टाटा योदोगावा]] # [[उषा मार्टिन]] ==यातायात== जमशेदपुर सड़क और रेल-मार्ग द्वारा पूरे देश से जुड़ा हुआ है। [[दिल्ली]][[ हावड़ा]] रेल मार्ग पर स्थित होने के कारण [[टाटानगर]] [[दक्षिण्पूर्व रेलवे]] के अत्यंत व्यस्त स्टेशनों में से गिना जाता है। राष्ट्रीय राजमार्गे 33 यहाँ से होकर गुजरती है। नगर के उत्तर पूर्वी हिस्से में एक [[सोनारी हवाई अड्डा]] है जो [[वायुदूत]] की सेवाओं से जुड़ा है। शहर की ज्यादातर सड़कों का रखरखाव [[टाटा]] परिवार के द्वारा होने की वजह से यहाँ की सड़के [[झारखंड]] में अन्य शहरों की अपेक्षा काफी अच्छी हैं। ==शिक्षा संस्थान== जमशेदपुर के प्रमुख शिक्षा एवं शोध संस्थान: *[[राष्ट्रीय धातुकर्म प्रयोगशाला]] * [[जमशेदपुर को-आपरेटिव कालेज]] * [[जमशेदपुर महिला महाविद्यालय]] *[[जेवियर प्रबंधन संस्थान । एक्स एल आर आई]] * [[करीम सिटी कालेज]] *[[ग्रैजुएट कालेज फार वीमेन]] * [[जमशेदपुर वर्कस कालेज]] ==दर्शनीय स्थल == * [[जुबली पार्क]] * [[हुडको झील]] * [[दलमा अभ्यारण्य]] * [[कीनन स्टेडियम ]] ==महापुरुष == * [[जमशेतजी ताता]] * [[अब्दुल बारी]] ==बाजार== * [[बिष्टुपुर]] * [[साक्ची]] ==समाचारपत्र== *[[राँची एक्सप्रेस]] *[[प्रभात खबर]] *[[उदितवाणी]] *[[आवाज]] ==बाहरी कड़ियाँ== *[http://jamshedpur.nic.in] जमशेदपुर प्रशासन [[bpy:জমশেদপুর (ঝাড়খন্ড)]] [[de:Jamshedpur]] [[en:Jamshedpur]] [[fi:Jamshedpur]] [[hi:जमशेदपुर]] [[ja:ジャムシェドプル]] [[mr:जमशेदपुर]] [[nl:Jamshedpur]] [[pt:Jamshedpur]] [[ta:ஜாம்ஷெட்பூர்]] [[zh:贾姆谢德布尔]] 2184 sysop 9665 2005-11-09T23:07:16Z MediaWiki default [[$1]] moved to [[$2]] over redirect 2185 sysop 10676 2006-07-01T19:06:42Z MediaWiki default /* CSS placed here will affect users of the Monobook skin */ 2186 sysop 11125 2006-08-31T19:13:00Z MediaWiki default /* tooltips and access keys */ var ta = new Object(); ta['pt-userpage'] = new Array('.','My user page'); ta['pt-anonuserpage'] = new Array('.','The user page for the ip you\'re editing as'); ta['pt-mytalk'] = new Array('n','My talk page'); ta['pt-anontalk'] = new Array('n','Discussion about edits from this ip address'); ta['pt-preferences'] = new Array('','My preferences'); ta['pt-watchlist'] = new Array('l','The list of pages you\'re monitoring for changes.'); ta['pt-mycontris'] = new Array('y','List of my contributions'); ta['pt-login'] = new Array('o','You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however.'); ta['pt-anonlogin'] = new Array('o','You are encouraged to log in, it is not mandatory however.'); ta['pt-logout'] = new Array('o','Log out'); ta['ca-talk'] = new Array('t','Discussion about the content page'); ta['ca-edit'] = new Array('e','You can edit this page. Please use the preview button before saving.'); ta['ca-addsection'] = new Array('+','Add a comment to this discussion.'); ta['ca-viewsource'] = new Array('e','This page is protected. 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You can't make any more. 2189 sysop 7339 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Add Group 2190 sysop 7340 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default All articles 2191 sysop 7341 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Combined display of upload, deletion, protection, blocking, and sysop logs. You can narrow down the view by selecting a log type, the user name, or the affected page. 2192 sysop 10682 2006-07-01T19:06:43Z MediaWiki default '''Special:Allmessages''' cannot be used because '''$wgUseDatabaseMessages''' is switched off. 2193 sysop 10683 2006-07-01T19:06:43Z MediaWiki default Your current interface language <b>$1</b> is not supported by Special:Allmessages at this site. 2194 sysop 7344 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Display pages starting at: $1 2195 sysop 7345 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Choose namespace: $1 $2 2196 sysop 7346 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default All pages ($1 namespace) 2197 sysop 7347 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Next 2198 sysop 7348 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Previous 2199 sysop 7349 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Go 2200 sysop 7350 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Apr 2201 sysop 7351 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default April 2202 sysop 7352 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default (articles) 2203 sysop 7353 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default asksql level 2204 sysop 7354 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Aug 2205 sysop 7355 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default August 2206 sysop 7356 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Can't delete this article because it contains block-compressed revisions. This is a temporary situation which the developers are well aware of, and should be fixed within a month or two. Please mark the article for deletion and wait for a developer to fix our buggy software. 2207 sysop 7357 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default block level 2208 sysop 7358 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default The following categories exist in the wiki. 2209 sysop 10696 2006-07-01T19:06:43Z MediaWiki default There {{PLURAL:$1|is one article|are $1 articles}} in this category. 2210 sysop 7360 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default There is $1 article in this category. 2211 sysop 10699 2006-07-01T19:06:43Z MediaWiki default '''Note:''' After saving, you may have to bypass your browser's cache to see the changes. '''Mozilla / Firefox / Safari:''' hold down ''Shift'' while clicking ''Reload'', or press ''Ctrl-Shift-R'' (''Cmd-Shift-R'' on Apple Mac); '''IE:''' hold ''Ctrl'' while clicking ''Refresh'', or press ''Ctrl-F5''; '''Konqueror:''': simply click the ''Reload'' button, or press ''F5''; '''Opera''' users may need to completely clear their cache in ''Tools→Preferences''. 2212 sysop 9978 2005-12-22T07:37:41Z MediaWiki default Please note that all contributions to {{SITENAME}} may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you don't want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then don't submit it here.<br /> You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource (see $1 for details). <strong>DO NOT SUBMIT COPYRIGHTED WORK WITHOUT PERMISSION!</strong> 2213 sysop 7363 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default createaccount level 2214 sysop 7364 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Page credits 2215 sysop 7365 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Current events 2216 sysop 10703 2006-07-01T19:06:43Z MediaWiki default Current revision 2217 sysop 7367 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Data 2218 sysop 7368 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Dec 2219 sysop 7369 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default December 2220 sysop 7370 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default default 2221 sysop 7371 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Deleted old revision $1. 2222 sysop 9187 2005-07-29T11:07:10Z MediaWiki default Delete all revisions of this file 2223 sysop 7373 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default delete level 2224 sysop 7374 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Edit Group 2225 sysop 7375 2005-06-25T11:21:39Z MediaWiki default Editing $1 (comment) 2226 sysop 7376 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Editing $1 (section) 2227 sysop 7377 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Edit User Groups 2228 sysop 7378 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default The file you uploaded seems to be empty. This might be due to a typo in the file name. Please check whether you really want to upload this file. 2229 sysop 7379 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Feb 2230 sysop 7380 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default February 2231 sysop 7381 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default A file with this name exists already, please check $1 if you are not sure if you want to change it. 2232 sysop 7382 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default File missing 2233 sysop 7383 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Friday 2234 sysop 7384 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default GEO coordinates 2235 sysop 7385 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default - 2236 sysop 7386 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default The filename "$1" contains characters that are not allowed in page titles. Please rename the file and try uploading it again. 2237 sysop 10227 2006-02-26T02:04:12Z MediaWiki default Limit images on image description pages to: 2238 sysop 7388 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Information 2239 sysop 7389 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Information for page 2240 sysop 7390 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Jan 2241 sysop 7391 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default January 2242 sysop 7392 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Jul 2243 sysop 7393 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default July 2244 sysop 7394 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Jun 2245 sysop 7395 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default June 2246 sysop 7396 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Admins list 2247 sysop 7397 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default cont. 2248 sysop 7398 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Logs 2249 sysop 7399 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Mar 2250 sysop 7400 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default March 2251 sysop 7401 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Mark as patrolled 2252 sysop 8474 2005-07-03T13:40:59Z MediaWiki default [$1] 2253 sysop 7403 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Mark this article as patrolled 2254 sysop 7404 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Marked as patrolled 2255 sysop 7405 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default The selected revision has been marked as patrolled. 2256 sysop 7406 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default May 2257 sysop 7407 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default May 2258 sysop 7408 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Monday 2259 sysop 7409 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default HTML if possible or else PNG 2260 sysop 7410 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default MathML if possible (experimental) 2261 sysop 7411 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Recommended for modern browsers 2262 sysop 7412 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Always render PNG 2263 sysop 7413 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default HTML if very simple or else PNG 2264 sysop 7414 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Leave it as TeX (for text browsers) 2265 sysop 7415 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default newbies 2266 sysop 9209 2005-07-29T11:07:11Z MediaWiki default Gallery of new files 2267 sysop 7417 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default (opens in new window) 2268 sysop 9388 2005-08-19T23:35:42Z MediaWiki default Next diff → 2269 sysop 7419 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Next page ($1) 2270 sysop 9389 2005-08-19T23:35:42Z MediaWiki default Newer revision→ 2271 sysop 7421 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default There is no credits info available for this page. 2272 sysop 7422 2005-06-25T11:21:40Z MediaWiki default Nothing to see. 2273 sysop 9211 2005-07-29T11:07:11Z MediaWiki default <strong>WARNING: Your browser is not unicode compliant. 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Please check the file and upload again. 2375 sysop 7525 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default 1 Set first character to "0" to disable the new category page layout. 2376 sysop 7526 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default User levels management 2377 sysop 7527 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Add group 2378 sysop 7528 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Edit group 2379 sysop 7529 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Group description (max 255 characters):<br /> 2380 sysop 7530 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Group name: 2381 sysop 7531 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Edit user groups 2382 sysop 7532 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Existent groups: 2383 sysop 7533 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Available groups: 2384 sysop 7534 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Select groups you want the user to be removed from or added to. Unselected groups will not be changed. 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For example, if you want to change a single option for a newer revision, but also keep your other settings for this article in this revision, just select which option you intend to ''change'', and merging will fill in the other options with your previous settings. 2393 sysop 7543 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Use my previous assessment where selected 'No opinion' 2394 sysop 7544 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default You have to be logged in to validate an article. 2395 sysop 7545 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default No opinion 2396 sysop 7546 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Page validation statistics for $1 2397 sysop 7547 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default <b>$1%</b><br />($2 of $3 points<br />by $4 users) 2398 sysop 7548 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default <b>$1%</b><br />($2 of $3 points<br />by one user) 2399 sysop 7549 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Validation statistics for this article 2400 sysop 7550 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Validate 2401 sysop 10003 2005-12-22T07:37:44Z MediaWiki default <tr><th>Class</th>$1<th colspan="4">Opinion</th>$1<th>Comment</th></tr> 2402 sysop 7552 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default this is the latest version 2403 sysop 7553 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Total 2404 sysop 7554 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default This user has validated $1 pages. 2405 sysop 7555 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Only articles can be validated. This page is <i>not</i> in the article namespace. 2406 sysop 7556 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Validate this version 2407 sysop 7557 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Validation done. 2408 sysop 7558 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Version 2409 sysop 7559 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Version of $1 2410 sysop 8596 2005-07-03T13:41:01Z MediaWiki default View this revision 2411 sysop 7561 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Validate page 2412 sysop 7562 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default zh 2413 sysop 7563 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default cn 2414 sysop 7564 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default hk 2415 sysop 7565 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default sg 2416 sysop 7566 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default tw 2417 sysop 7567 2005-06-25T11:21:41Z MediaWiki default Wednesday 2418 sysop 9740 2005-11-09T23:07:20Z MediaWiki default Language: 2419 sysop 8623 2005-07-03T13:41:01Z MediaWiki default Variant 2420 12920 2006-12-18T21:10:11Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[fr:Mukesh]], [[tr:Mukesh]] [[Image:Mukesh.jpg|thumb]] '''मुकेश चन्द्र माथुर''' ([[जुलाई २२]], [[१९२३]], [[दिल्ली]], [[भारत]] - [[अगस्त २७]], [[१९७६]]), लोकप्रिय तौर पर सिर्फ़ '''मुकेश''' के नाम से जाने जाने वाले, [[हिन्दी सिनेमा]] के एक प्रमुख [[पार्स्व गायक]] थे। मुकेश की आवाज़ की खूबी को उनके एक दूर के रिश्तेदार [[मोतिलाल]] ने तब पहचाना जब उन्होने उसे अपने बहन की शादी में गाते हुए सुना । मोतिलाल उन्हे [[बम्बई]] ले गये और अपने घर में रहने दिया । यही नही उन्होने मुकेश के लिये रियाज़ का पूरा इन्तजाम किया । इस दौरान मुकेश को एक हिन्दी फ़िल्म ''निर्दोश'' ([[१९४१]]) में मुख्य कलाकार का काम मिला । पार्श्व गायक के तौर पर उन्हे अपना पहला काम [[१९४५]] में फ़िल्म ''पहली नज़र'' में मिला । मुकेश ने हिन्दी फ़िल्म में जो पहला गाना गाया वह था ''दिल जलता है तो जलने दे'' जिसमें अदाकारी मोतिलाल ने की । ....... [[१९७४]] में मुकेश को ''रजनीगन्धा'' फ़िल्म में ''कई बार यूं भी देखा है'' गाना गाने के लिये राष्ट्रिय पुरस्कार मिला । [[१९७६]] में जब वे अमरीका के डिट्रोय्ट शहर में दौरे पर थे तब उन्हे दिल का दौरा पडा और उनकी म्रुत्यु हुई । ==फ़िल्में जिनमें मुकेश की आवाज़ है== * ''पहली नज़र'' (१९४५) * ''मेला'' ([[१९४८]]) * ''आग'' (१९४८) * ''अन्दाज़'' ([[१९४९]]) * ''[[आवारा]]'' ([[१९५१]]) * ''[[श्री ४२०]]'' ([[१९५५]]) * ''परवरिश'' ([[१९५८]]) * ''अनाडी'' ([[१९५९]]) * ''सन्गम'' ([[१९६४]]) * ''[[मेरा नाम जोकर]]'' ([[१९७०]]) * ''धरम करम'' ([[१९७५]]) ==मुकेश के यादगार गीत== * ''तु कहे अगर'' * ''ज़िन्दा हूँ मै इस तरह से'' * ''मेरा जूता है जापानी'' (फ़िल्म ''आवारा'' से) * ''ये मेरा दीवानापन है'' (फ़िल्म ''यहुदी'' से) * ''किसी की मुस्कुराहटों पे हो निसार'' (फ़िल्म ''अन्दाज़'' से) * ''ओ जाने वाले हो सके तो लौट के आना'' (फ़िल्म ''बन्दीनी'' से) * ''दोस्त दोस्त ना रहा'' (फ़िल्म ''सन्गम'' से) * ''जाने कहाँ गये वो दिन'' (फ़िल्म ''मेरा नाम जोकर'' से) * ''मैने तेरे लिये ही सात रंग के सपने चुने'' (फ़िल्म ''आनन्द'' से) * ''इक दिन बिक जायेगा माटी के मोल'' (फ़िल्म ''धरम करम'' से) * ''मैं पल दो पल का शायर हूँ'' * ''कभी कभी मेरे दिल में खयाल आता है'' (फ़िल्म ''कभी कभी'' से) == बहिर्गामी कडीयाँ == *http://www.singermukesh.com - A Comprehensive wesite on Mukesh [[en:Mukesh]] [[fr:Mukesh]] [[gu:મુકેશ]] [[hi:मुकेश]] [[tr:Mukesh]] 2425 12182 2006-12-02T01:22:11Z Eukesh 157 '''रामायणग्रन्थस्य काण्डसूची''' [[बालकाण्ड]]<br> [[अयोध्याकाण्ड]]<br> [[अरण्यकाण्ड]]<br> [[किष्किन्धाकाण्ड]]<br> [[सुन्दरकाण्ड]]<br> [[युद्धकाण्ड]]<br> [[उत्तरकाण्ड]]<br> {{हिन्दू धर्म}} [[Category:हिन्दू धर्म]] [[de:Ramayana]] [[en:Ramayana]] [[hi:रामायण]] [[ks:रामायण]] [[id:Ramayana]] 2428 12862 2006-12-18T08:48:19Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[qu:Sirp'i pukllay]] ''क्रिकेट:'' एक: खेल: अस्‍ति | [[क्रिकेट:]] [[af:Krieket]] [[ar:كريكيت]] [[ast:Críquet]] [[bg:Крикет]] [[bn:ক্রিকেট]] [[bs:Kricket]] [[ca:Criquet]] [[cs:Kriket]] [[cy:Criced]] [[da:Kricket]] [[de:Cricket]] [[el:Κρίκετ]] [[en:Cricket]] [[eo:Kriketo]] [[es:Críquet]] [[et:Kriket]] [[fi:Kriketti]] [[fr:Cricket]] [[fy:Krikket]] [[ga:Cricéad]] [[gd:Criogaid]] [[gl:Críquet]] [[gu:ક્રિકેટ]] [[he:קריקט]] [[hi:क्रिकेट]] [[hr:Kriket]] [[hu:Krikett]] [[ia:Cricket]] [[id:Kriket]] [[is:Krikket]] [[it:Cricket]] [[ja:クリケット]] [[kn:ಕ್ರಿಕೆಟ್]] [[ko:크리켓]] [[la:Criccetius lusus]] [[lb:Cricket]] [[lt:Kriketas]] [[mr:क्रिकेट]] [[nap:Cricket]] [[nl:Cricket]] [[nn:Cricket]] [[no:Cricket]] [[nrm:Cricket]] [[pl:Krykiet]] [[pt:Críquete]] [[qu:Sirp'i pukllay]] [[ro:Crichet]] [[ru:Крикет]] [[scn:Cricket]] [[sh:Kriket]] [[simple:Cricket]] [[sl:Kriket]] [[sr:Крикет]] [[sv:Cricket]] [[ta:கிரிக்கெட்]] [[th:คริกเกต]] [[tl:Kriket]] [[vi:Cricket]] [[zh:板球]] 2439 7584 2005-02-12T07:56:29Z HPN 22 ''This article needs re-formatting. Please remove this message after fixing the article.'' 2442 11567 2006-11-11T08:36:44Z 59.181.98.210 /* इतिहास */ {| border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="250px" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px gray solid; border-collapse:collapse" |+ <big><big>'''बम्बई'''</big></big> |- | align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:Gateway of India.jpg|thumb|200px|गेटवे आफ़ इन्डिया]]<small>[[गेटवे आफ़ इन्डिया]]</small> |- | [[देश]] | [[भारत]] |- | [[राज्य]] | [[महाराष्ट्र]] |- | [[Latitude]] <br /> [[Longitude]] | १८.९६° [[उत्तर|उ]]<br /> ७२.८२° [[पूरब|पू]] |- | [[जनसन्ख्या]] <br /> [[Density]] | १२,६२२,५०० ([[२००४]])^{[http://www.world-gazetteer.com/t/t_in.htm]}<br /> २८,८३४/[[Square_kilometre|km²]] |- | [[क्षेत्रफ़ल]] | ४३७.७७ [[square kilometre|km²]] |} '''बम्बई''' [[भारत]] का सबसे बड़ा [[महानगर]] है और दुनिया के सबसे बडे महानगरों में से एक है । बम्बई भारत के पश्चिमी तट पर स्थित है और [[महाराष्ट्र]] राज्य की राजधानी है । यह शहर एक द्वीप पर स्थित है । बम्बई भारत की आर्थिक राजधानी है । बम्बई का अन्ग्रेज़ी नाम बोम्बे से बदलकर १९९५ में मुम्बई कर दिया गया पर अब भी बोहत से लोग इसे '''बोम्बे''' नाम से ही जानते हैं । मुम्बई फ़िल्म इण्डस्ट्री [[बॉलीवुड]] के नामे से प्रसिद्ध है । ==इतिहास== बम्बई को पहले मुम्बई नाम से ही जाना जाता था । माना जाता है कि यह नाम देवी [[मुम्बादेवी]] के नाम से रक्खा गया जिसकी पूजा यहाँ सदियों से होती है । [[१६वी सदी]] में पोर्च्यूगीस ने मुम्बई को ''बोम बहिआ'' नाम दिया । जब अन्ग्रेज़ों को इस शहर का कब्जा मिला तो उन्होने मुम्बई का नाम बदलकर ''बोम्बे'' कर दिया । हिन्दी भाषा में इस शहर को बम्बई नाम से ही जाना जाता है हालांकि अन्ग्रेज़ी में इसका नाम बोम्बे से बदलकर मुम्बई कर दिया गया है । बम्बई पहले [[बम्बई के सात छोटे द्वीप|सात छोटे द्वीपों]] का बना था । बम्बई [[सम्राट अशोक]] के साम्राज्य का हिस्सा था । [[१५३४]] में पोर्च्यूगीस ने [[गुजरात]] के राजा [[बहादुर शाह]] से बम्बई का कब्जा लिया । [[१६६१]] तक यह द्वीप पोर्च्यूगीस के हात में रहें । १६६१ में यह द्वीप [[केथरीन डे ब्रगान्ज़ा]] की [[इन्ग्लेन्ड के चार्ल्स द्वीतीय]] से शादी में [[डावरी]] के तौर पर दिये गये । चार्ल्स ने [[१६६८]] में इन्हे [[ईस्ट इन्डिया कम्पनी]] को भाडे पर दिये । इन द्वीपों का भाडा था एक साल के दस [[पाउन्ड]] । ईस्ट इन्डिया कम्पनी ने यहाँ पर अपना बन्दरगाह स्थापित किया और १६६१ और १६७५ के बीच के १४ सालों में बम्बई की जनसन्ख्या १०,००० से बढकर ६०,००० हो गयी । [[१६८७]] में ईस्ट इन्डिया कम्पनी ने अपने हेडक्वाटर्स [[सूरत]] से बदलकर बम्बई कर दिये । बम्बई के सात छोटे द्वीपों को जोडकर एक करने का काम [[१८१७]] में शरु हुआ और [[१८४५]] में पूरा हुआ । [[१८५३]] में भारत की पहली रेल शुरु हुई बम्बई और [[थाना]] के बीच । [[१८५७]] तक बम्बई शहर ईस्ट इन्डिया कम्पनी के हाथों में रहा जिसके बाद इसका कब्ज़ा अन्ग्रेज़ हुकुमत के हाथों चला गया । ==यह भी देखें== *[[महाराष्ट्र]] *[[मुंबई यौन संग्रहालय]] [[Category:शहर]] [[category:भारत]] [[af:Moembaai]] [[ar:ممباي]] [[as:মুম্বাই]] [[ast:Mumbai]] [[bg:Бомбай]] [[bn:মুম্বাই]] [[bs:Mumbai]] [[ca:Mumbai]] [[cs:Bombaj]] [[da:Mumbai]] [[de:Mumbai]] [[en:Mumbai]] [[eo:Mumbajo]] [[es:Mumbai]] [[et:Mumbai]] [[eu:Mumbai]] [[fa:مومبای]] [[fi:Mumbai]] [[fr:Mumbai]] [[ga:Mumbai]] [[gl:Mumbai - मुम़बई]] [[gu:મુંબઈ]] [[he:מומבאי]] [[hi:बम्बई]] [[hr:Mumbai]] [[hu:Mumbai]] [[id:Mumbai]] [[it:Mumbai]] [[ja:ムンバイ]] [[kn:ಮು೦ಬೈ]] [[ko:뭄바이]] [[la:Mumbai]] [[li:Bombay]] [[lt:Bombėjus]] [[lv:Mumbaja]] [[mr:मुंबई]] [[ms:Mumbai]] [[nds:Mumbai]] [[ne:बम्बई]] [[nl:Bombay]] [[nn:Mumbai]] [[no:Mumbai]] [[pa:ਮੁਮਬਏ]] [[pl:Bombaj]] [[pt:Mumbai]] [[ro:Mumbai]] [[ru:Мумбаи]] [[sh:Bombay]] [[simple:Mumbai]] [[sl:Mumbai]] [[sv:Bombay]] [[ta:மும்பை]] [[tl:Lungsod ng Mumbai]] [[tr:Bombay]] [[uk:Мумбаї]] [[zh:孟买]] 2448 7593 2005-03-27T13:50:32Z Yann 25 यजुर्वेद moved to यजुर्वेदः #REDIRECT [[यजुर्वेदः]] 2449 7594 2005-03-27T14:16:28Z Yann 25 ऋग्वेद: moved to ऋग्वेदः #REDIRECT [[ऋग्वेदः]] 2454 7599 2005-04-18T16:19:38Z Gangleri 47 <!--- This is a "stealth" template. It does not insert visible characters in a page but can be detected with [[Special:Whatlinkshere/Template:Interwikiconflict]]. ---> 2457 7602 2005-05-28T13:44:07Z Rpkumar 54 [[Image:Yogananda.png|framed|Paramahansa Yogananda]] '''परमहंस योगानन्द'''('''मुकुन्दलाल् घोष्''')([[January 5]], [[1893]] - [[March 7]], [[1952]]) परमहंस योगानन्द एकः आधुनिक भारतीय योगी आसीत्। सः भारत देशे, उत्तर प्रदेश राष्ट्रे, गोरख़् पूर् नगरे जातः। तस्य माता ज्ञानप्रभा घोष् च पिता भगबती चरण् घोष् आस्तां। बाल्यकाले एव तस्मिन् ईश्वराय तृष्णः आसीत्। योगानन्दस्य गुरुः स्वामि श्रीयुक्तेश्वरः आसीत्। योगानन्द 1910 तमे आत्मनः गुरुतः सन्यासम् स्वीकृतवान्। सः क्रिया योगम् प्रचारार्थं 1920 तमे अमेरिका देशम् गतवान्। तत्र सेल्फ् रियलैजेषन् फेलोषिप् (Self-Realization Fellowship or SRF) नाम एका संस्था स्थापितवान्। 1935 तमे एक वर्षम् भारत देशम् पुनरागतवान्। [[de:Paramahansa Yogananda]] [[en:Paramahansa Yogananda]] 2458 7603 2005-04-23T14:57:32Z Rpkumar 54 Paramahamsa Yogananda Paramahamsa Yogananda 2459 12822 2006-12-17T22:45:36Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: hi, nl, pt, ru, sv, tr Modifying: fr, ja '''रामकृष्ण परमहंसः''' [[स्वामी विवेकानन्द]]स्य गुरुः आसीत्। [[de:Ramakrishna]] [[en:Ramakrishna]] [[es:Ramakrishna]] [[fr:Râmakrishna]] [[hi:रामकृष्ण परमहंस]] [[ja:ラーマクリシュナ]] [[kn:ರಾಮಕೃಷ್ಣ ಪರಮಹ೦ಸ]] [[nl:Ramakrishna]] [[no:Ramakrishna]] [[pt:Ramakrishna]] [[ru:Рамакришна]] [[sk:Rámakrišna]] [[sv:Ramakrishna]] [[ta:ஸ்ரீ ராமகிருஷ்ணர்]] [[tr:Sri Ramakrishna]] 2460 7605 2005-04-23T16:38:10Z Rpkumar 54 श्रीकृष्णदेवरायः विजयनगर राज्यं पालयमास। 2463 7608 2005-04-27T10:26:16Z 203.197.98.2 '''मङ्गलंपल्लि बालमुरली कृष्ण''' एकः महा गायकः,कविः च वाद्यकारः अस्ति। 2464 7609 2005-04-26T21:43:58Z Murtasa 17 Balamurali Krishna moved to बालमुरली कृष्ण #REDIRECT [[बालमुरली कृष्ण]] 2465 7610 2005-05-01T17:01:08Z Murtasa 17 #redirect [[इन्दिरा गान्धी]] 2467 7612 2005-04-27T03:00:29Z Rpkumar 54 स्वामी विवेकानन्द स्वामी विवेकानन्द 2469 7614 2005-04-30T08:03:36Z 67.121.190.234 १ प्रथमः <br> २ द्वितीयः <br> ३ तृतीयः <br> ४ चतुर्थः <br> ५ पञ्चमः <br> ६ षष्ठः <br> ७ सप्तमः <br> ८ अष्टमः <br> ९ नवमः <br> १० दशमः <br><br> ११ एकादशः <br> १२ द्वादशः <br> १३ त्रयोदशः <br> १४ चतुर्दशः <br> १५ पञ्चदशः <br> १६ षोडशः <br> १७ सप्तदशः <br> १८ अष्टादशः <br> १९ एकोनविंशः <br> २० विंशः <br><br> २१ एकविंशः <br> २२ द्वाविंशः <br> २३ त्रयोविंशः <br> २४ चतुर्विंशः <br> २५ पञ्चविंशः <br> २६ षड्‌विंशः <br> २७ सप्तविंशः <br> २८ अष्टाविंशः <br> २९ एकोनत्रिंशः <br> ३० त्रिंशः <br><br> ३१ एकत्रिंशः <br> ३२ द्वात्रिंशः <br> ३३ त्रयस्त्रिंशः <br> ३४ चतुस्त्रिंशः <br> ३५ पञ्चत्रिंशः <br> ३६ षट्‌त्रिंशः <br> ३७ सप्तत्रिंशः <br> ३८ अष्टात्रिंशः <br> ३९ एकोनचत्वारिंशः <br> ४० चत्वारिंशः <br><br> ४१ एकचत्वारिंशः <br> ४२ द्विचत्वारिंशः <br> ४३ त्रिचत्वारिंशः <br> ४४ चतुश्चत्वारिंशः <br> ४५ पञ्चचत्वारिंशः <br> ४६ षट्चत्वारिंशः <br> ४७ सप्तचत्वारिंशः <br> ४८ अष्टचत्वारिंशः <br> ४९ एकोनपञ्चाशः <br> ५० पञ्चाशः <br><br> ५१ एकपञ्चाशः <br> ५२ द्विपञ्चाशः <br> ५३ त्रिपञ्चाशः <br> ५४ चतुःपञ्चाशः <br> ५५ पञ्चपञ्चाशः <br> ५६ षट्पञ्चाशः <br> ५७ सप्तपञ्चाशः <br> ५८ अष्टपञ्चाशः <br> ५९ एकोनषष्टितमः <br> ६० षष्टितमः <br><br> ६१ एकषष्टितमः <br> ६२ द्विषष्टितमः <br> ६३ त्रिषष्टितमः <br> ६४ चतुःषष्टितमः <br> ६५ पञ्चषष्टितमः <br> ६६ षट्षष्टितमः <br> ६७ सप्तषष्टितमः <br> ६८ अष्टषष्टितमः <br> ६९ एकोनसप्ततितमः <br> ७० सप्ततितमः <br><br> ७१ एकसप्ततितमः <br> ७२ द्विसप्ततितमः <br> ७३ त्रिसप्ततितमः <br> ७४ चतुःसप्ततितमः <br> ७५ पञ्चसप्ततितमः <br> ७६ षट्सप्ततितमः <br> ७७ सप्तसप्ततितमः <br> ७८ अष्टसप्ततितमः <br> ७९ एकोनाशीतितमः <br> ८० अशीतितमः <br><br> ८१ एकाशीतितमः <br> ८२ द्व्यशीतितमः <br> ८३ त्र्यशीतितमः <br> ८४ चतुरशीतितमः <br> ८५ पञ्चाशीतितमः <br> ८६ षडशीतितमः <br> ८७ सप्ताशीतितमः <br> ८८ अष्टाशीतितमः <br> ८९ एकोननवतितमः <br> ९० नवतितमः <br><br> ९१ एकनवतितमः <br> ९२ द्विनवतितमः <br> ९३ त्रिनवतितमः <br> ९४ चतुर्नवतितमः <br> ९५ पञ्चनवतितमः <br> ९६ षण्णवतितमः <br> ९७ सप्तनवतितमः <br> ९८ अष्टनवतितमः <br> ९९ नवनवतितमः <br> १०० शततमः <br><br> १०१ एकाधिकशततमः <br> १०२ द्व्यधिकशततमः <br> १०३ त्र्यधिकशततमः <br> १०४ चतुरधिकशततमः <br> १०५ पञ्चाधिकशततमः <br> १०६ षडधिकशततमः <br> १०७ सप्ताधिकशततमः <br> १०८ अष्टाधिकशततमः <br> १०९ नवाधिकशततमः <br> ११० दशाधिकशततमः <br><br> १११ एकादशाधिकशततमः <br> ११२ द्वादशाधिकशततमः <br> ११३ त्रयोदशाधिकशततमः <br> ११४ चतुर्दशाधिकशततमः <br> ११५ पञ्चदशाधिकशततमः <br> ११६ षोडशाधिकशततमः <br> ११७ सप्तदशाधिकशततमः <br> ११८ अष्टादशाधिकशततमः <br> ११९ एकोनविंशत्यधिकशततमः <br> १२० विंशत्यधिकशततमः <br><br> १२१ एकविंशत्यधिकशततमः <br> १२२ द्वाविंशत्यधिकशततमः <br> १२३ त्रयोविंशत्यधिकशततमः <br> १२४ चतुर्विंशत्यधिकशततमः <br> १२५ पञ्चविंशत्यधिकशततमः <br> १२६ षड्‌विंशत्यधिकशततमः <br> १२७ सप्तविंशत्यधिकशततमः <br> १२८ अष्टाविंशत्यधिकशततमः <br> 2549 9631 2005-10-09T10:42:03Z Yann 25 '''Please add the pages to Wikisource, not here:''' http://wikisource.org/wiki/अयोध्याकाण्ड '''रामयणग्रन्थस्य अयोध्याकाण्डस्य सर्गसूचि'''<br> '''All existing pages moved to Wikisource. Please continue adding more there.''' [[User:Yann|Yann]] 21:22, 2 October 2005 (UTC) 2722 7865 2005-05-28T13:40:01Z Rpkumar 54 उज्जैनी नगरे विक्रमादित्यस्य सभायां नवरत्नेषु एकः आसीत्। सः अमरकोषस्य कर्ता आसीत्। 2727 9628 2005-10-09T10:02:37Z Yann 25 All pages moved to Wikisource '''Please add the pages to Wikisource, not here:''' http://wikisource.org/wiki/अरण्यकाण्ड '''रामयणग्रन्थस्य अरण्यकाण्डस्य सर्गसूचि'''<br> '''All pages moved to Wikisource.''' [[User:Yann|Yann]] 10:02, 9 October 2005 (UTC) 2730 7872 2005-05-22T02:12:27Z Kmhaswad 58 == '''अत्र सुभाषितानि विविध-वर्गेषु सन्ति |''' == १ [[सज्जनप्रशंसा]] २ [[परमार्थः]] ३ [[धनप्रशंसा]] ४ [[यत्नप्रशंसा]] ५ [[दुर्जनाः]] ६ [[सुभाषितप्रशंसा]] ७ [[विद्वत्प्रशंसा]] ८ [[भक्तिप्रशंसा]] ९ [[विद्याप्रशंसा ज्ञानप्रशंसा ]] १० [[गुरुमहिमा]] ११ [[परोपकार:]] १२ [[मित्रप्रशन्सा]] १३ [[दानमाहात्म्यम्]] 2804 9629 2005-10-09T10:27:12Z Yann 25 All pages moved to Wikisource. '''To be moved to Wikisource:''' http://wikisource.org/wiki/किष्किन्धाकाण्ड '''रामयणग्रन्थस्य किष्किन्धाकाण्डस्य सर्गसूचि'''<br> '''All pages moved to Wikisource.''' [[User:Yann|Yann]] 10:27, 9 October 2005 (UTC) 2872 9556 2005-09-18T10:48:22Z Yann 25 All pages moved to Wikisource '''Please add the pages to Wikisource, not here:''' http://wikisource.org/wiki/सुंदरकाण्ड [[Category:Moved to Wikisource]] '''रामयणग्रन्थस्य सुन्दरकाण्डस्य सर्गसूचि'''<br> '''All pages moved to Wikisource.''' [[User:Yann|Yann]] 10:48, 18 September 2005 (UTC) 2889 9545 2005-09-17T21:04:38Z 81.56.190.128 [[Category:Moved to Wikisource]] '''Please add the pages to Wikisource, not here:''' http://wikisource.org/wiki/युद्धकाण्ड '''रामयणग्रन्थस्य युद्धकाण्डस्य सर्गसूचि'''<br> '''All pages moved to Wikisource.''' [[User:Yann|Yann]] 21:46, 10 September 2005 (UTC) [[Category:Moved to Wikisource]] 2925 8067 2005-05-16T02:09:28Z Kmhaswad 58 विद्वत्वञ्च नृपत्वञ्च नैव तुल्यं कदाचन स्वदेशे पूज्यते राजा विद्वान् सर्वत्र पूज्यते 2926 8068 2005-05-22T02:05:51Z Kmhaswad 58 १ धनानि भूमौ पशवश्च गोष्ठे भार्या गृहद्वारे | जनाः स्मशाने देहश्चितयाम् | परलोकमार्गे कर्मानुगच्छति जीव एकः || २ उदारस्य तृणं वित्तं शूरस्य मरणं तृणम् | विरक्तस्य तृणं भार्या नि:स्पृहस्य तृणं जगत् || 2931 8073 2005-05-21T03:48:11Z Rpkumar 54 उज्जैनी नगरम् अवन्ती राज्यस्य राजधानी आसीत। 2932 8074 2005-05-22T02:09:29Z Kmhaswad 58 १ अष्टादश पुराणानां सारं व्यासेन कीर्तितम् | परोपकारः पुण्याय पापाय परपीडनम् || 2933 8075 2005-05-22T05:15:00Z Kmhaswad 58 १ शतेषु जायते शूर: सहस्रेषु च पन्डितः | वक्ता दशसहस्रेषु दाता भवति वा न वा || 2937 9363 2005-08-17T08:34:33Z Yann 25 [[Category:Delete]] <br /> <div style="border:solid;border-color:red;background:#ffffff;border-width:3px 0px 3px 0px;font-size: 95%;"> '''The article has been marked for deletion''' </div> <br /> [[Category:Delete]] 2939 10903 2006-07-18T16:04:45Z 217.225.127.148 Wikipedia is a free encyclopedia hosted by the non-profit [[Wikimedia|Wikimedia Foundation]], which operates several other [[Wikipedia:Multilingual coordination|multilingual]] and [[Wikipedia:Copyrights|free-content]] projects: {| align="center" cellpadding="2" width="100%" style="text-align:left" | [[Image:Wiktionary-logo-en.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[wikt:en:Main Page|'''Wiktionary''']]<br />Dictionary and thesaurus | [[Image:Wikibooks-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[b:en:Main Page|'''Wikibooks''']]<br />Free textbooks and manuals | [[Image:Wikiquote-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[q:en:Main Page|'''Wikiquote''']]<br />Collection of quotations | [[Image:Wikisource-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[wikisource:Main Page:English|'''Wikisource''']]<br />Free source documents |- | [[Image:Wikispecies-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[Wikispecies:|'''Wikispecies''']]<br />Directory of species | [[Image:Wikinews-logo.png|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[n:Main Page|'''Wikinews''']]<br />Free content news source | [[Image:Commons-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[commons:Main Page|'''Commons''']]<br />Shared media repository | [[Image:Wikimedia-logo.svg|35px|<nowiki></nowiki>]] | [[m:Main Page|'''Meta-Wiki''']]<br />Wikimedia project coordination |} 2949 sysop 8091 2005-06-25T11:21:38Z MediaWiki default Current text 2950 sysop 8092 2005-06-25T11:21:38Z MediaWiki default Default text 2951 sysop 8093 2005-06-25T11:21:38Z MediaWiki default Name 2952 sysop 8094 2005-06-25T11:21:38Z MediaWiki default 2953 sysop 8095 2005-06-25T11:21:38Z MediaWiki default Warning: Page may not contain recent updates. 2954 sysop 8096 2005-06-25T11:21:38Z MediaWiki default The database has been automatically locked while the slave database servers catch up to the master 2955 sysop 8097 2005-06-25T11:21:38Z MediaWiki default This is a log of changes to user rights. 2956 sysop 8098 2005-06-25T11:21:38Z MediaWiki default There seems to be a problem with your login session; this action has been canceled as a precaution against session hijacking. 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The mail will include a link containing a code; load the link in your browser to confirm that your e-mail address is valid. 3009 sysop 8158 2005-07-03T13:40:57Z MediaWiki default $1 minor edits 3010 sysop 8159 2005-07-03T13:40:57Z MediaWiki default all 3011 sysop 8160 2005-07-03T13:40:57Z MediaWiki default Create article 3012 sysop 8161 2005-07-03T13:40:57Z MediaWiki default created 3013 sysop 8162 2005-07-03T13:40:57Z MediaWiki default Delete and move 3014 sysop 8163 2005-07-03T13:40:57Z MediaWiki default Deleted to make way for move 3015 sysop 8164 2005-07-03T13:40:57Z MediaWiki default ==Deletion required== The destination article "[[$1]]" already exists. Do you want to delete it to make way for the move? 3016 sysop 8166 2005-07-03T13:40:57Z MediaWiki default [deleted] 3017 sysop 8167 2005-07-03T13:40:57Z MediaWiki default Destination filename 3018 sysop 9826 2005-12-02T02:42:15Z MediaWiki default A confirmation e-mail has been sent to the nominated e-mail address. Before any other mail is sent to the account, you will have to follow the instructions in the e-mail, to confirm that the account is actually yours. 3019 sysop 8169 2005-07-03T13:40:57Z MediaWiki default Edit this file using an external application 3020 sysop 8170 2005-07-03T13:40:57Z MediaWiki default See the [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:External_editors setup instructions] for more information. 3021 sysop 9827 2005-12-02T02:42:15Z MediaWiki default E-mail 3022 sysop 9828 2005-12-02T02:42:15Z MediaWiki default Your e-mail address was authenticated on $1. 3023 sysop 8174 2005-07-03T13:40:58Z MediaWiki default Confirm your e-mail address 3024 sysop 11421 2006-10-25T19:58:43Z MediaWiki default 207 Your e-mail address is not yet authenticated. No e-mail will be sent for any of the following features. 3025 sysop 10708 2006-07-01T19:06:43Z MediaWiki default Dear $WATCHINGUSERNAME, the {{SITENAME}} page $PAGETITLE has been $CHANGEDORCREATED on $PAGEEDITDATE by $PAGEEDITOR, see $PAGETITLE_URL for the current version. $NEWPAGE Editor's summary: $PAGESUMMARY $PAGEMINOREDIT Contact the editor: mail: $PAGEEDITOR_EMAIL wiki: $PAGEEDITOR_WIKI There will be no other notifications in case of further changes unless you visit this page. You could also reset the notification flags for all your watched pages on your watchlist. Your friendly {{SITENAME}} notification system -- To change your watchlist settings, visit {{fullurl:{{ns:special}}:Watchlist/edit}} Feedback and further assistance: {{fullurl:{{ns:help}}:Contents}} 3026 sysop 9193 2005-07-29T11:07:10Z MediaWiki default See $1 for all changes since your last visit. 3027 sysop 8179 2005-07-03T13:40:58Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} Notification Mailer 3028 sysop 8180 2005-07-03T13:40:58Z MediaWiki default This is a new page. 3029 sysop 8181 2005-07-03T13:40:58Z MediaWiki default Mark all pages visited 3030 sysop 8182 2005-07-03T13:40:58Z MediaWiki default {{SITENAME}} page $PAGETITLE has been $CHANGEDORCREATED by $PAGEEDITOR 3031 sysop 11422 2006-10-25T19:58:43Z MediaWiki default 207 content was: '$1' (and the only contributor was '[[Special:Contributions/$2|$2]]') 3032 sysop 8186 2005-07-03T13:40:58Z MediaWiki default Aperture 3033 sysop 8187 2005-07-03T13:40:58Z MediaWiki default Author 3034 sysop 8188 2005-07-03T13:40:58Z MediaWiki default Bits per 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external authentication database error or you are not allowed to update your external account. 3267 sysop 8422 2005-07-03T13:40:59Z MediaWiki default $1KB, MIME type: <code>$2</code> 3268 sysop 8423 2005-07-03T13:40:59Z MediaWiki default Files 3269 sysop 8426 2005-07-03T13:40:59Z MediaWiki default Trusted users able to block users and delete articles 3270 sysop 8427 2005-07-03T13:40:59Z MediaWiki default Administrator 3271 sysop 8428 2005-07-03T13:40:59Z MediaWiki default Anonymous users 3272 sysop 8429 2005-07-03T13:40:59Z MediaWiki default Anonymous 3273 sysop 8430 2005-07-03T13:40:59Z MediaWiki default The bureaucrat group is able to make sysops 3274 sysop 8431 2005-07-03T13:40:59Z MediaWiki default Bureaucrat 3275 sysop 8432 2005-07-03T13:40:59Z MediaWiki default General logged in users 3276 sysop 8433 2005-07-03T13:40:59Z MediaWiki default User 3277 sysop 8434 2005-07-03T13:40:59Z MediaWiki default Full access 3278 sysop 8435 2005-07-03T13:40:59Z MediaWiki default Steward 3279 sysop 8436 2005-07-03T13:40:59Z MediaWiki default grouprights level 3280 sysop 8437 2005-07-03T13:40:59Z MediaWiki default User groups 3281 sysop 8438 2005-07-03T13:40:59Z MediaWiki default Add group 3282 sysop 8439 2005-07-03T13:40:59Z MediaWiki default A group of that name already exists 3283 sysop 8440 2005-07-03T13:40:59Z MediaWiki default Edit group 3284 sysop 8441 2005-07-03T13:40:59Z MediaWiki default Group description (max 255 characters):<br /> 3285 sysop 8442 2005-07-03T13:40:59Z MediaWiki default Group name: 3286 sysop 8443 2005-07-03T13:40:59Z MediaWiki default If the name or description starts with a colon, the remainder will be treated as a message name, and hence the text will be localised using the MediaWiki namespace 3287 sysop 8444 2005-07-03T13:40:59Z MediaWiki default Existing groups 3288 sysop 8445 2005-07-03T13:40:59Z MediaWiki default Existing groups: 3289 sysop 8446 2005-07-03T13:40:59Z MediaWiki default Manage group rights 3290 sysop 8447 2005-07-03T13:40:59Z MediaWiki default Please specify a valid group name 3291 sysop 8448 2005-07-03T13:40:59Z MediaWiki default ID || Name || Description || Rights 3292 sysop 8449 2005-07-03T13:40:59Z MediaWiki default Earliest 3293 sysop 8450 2005-07-03T13:40:59Z MediaWiki default Latest 3294 sysop 8453 2005-07-03T13:40:59Z MediaWiki default all 3295 sysop 11426 2006-10-25T19:58:48Z MediaWiki default 207 Source or destination title is of a special type; cannot move pages from and into that namespace. 3296 sysop 8458 2005-07-03T13:40:59Z MediaWiki default Transwiki import 3297 sysop 8459 2005-07-03T13:40:59Z MediaWiki default No transwiki import sources have been defined and direct history uploads are disabled. 3298 sysop 9834 2005-12-02T02:42:16Z MediaWiki default The e-mail address cannot be accepted as it appears to have an invalid format. Please enter a well-formatted address or empty that field. 3299 sysop 8461 2005-07-03T13:40:59Z MediaWiki default Invert selection 3300 sysop 8463 2005-07-03T13:40:59Z MediaWiki default IP Address or username 3301 sysop 9205 2005-07-29T11:07:11Z MediaWiki default 2 hours:2 hours,1 day:1 day,3 days:3 days,1 week:1 week,2 weeks:2 weeks,1 month:1 month,3 months:3 months,6 months:6 months,1 year:1 year,infinite:infinite 3302 sysop 8465 2005-07-03T13:40:59Z MediaWiki default Other time 3303 sysop 8466 2005-07-03T13:40:59Z MediaWiki default other 3304 sysop 10755 2006-07-01T19:06:44Z MediaWiki default '''Warning''': This file may contain malicious code, by executing it your system may be compromised.<hr /> 3305 sysop 8478 2005-07-03T13:40:59Z MediaWiki default Metadata 3306 sysop 8479 2005-07-03T13:40:59Z MediaWiki default Wikipedia:Metadata 3307 sysop 8482 2005-07-03T13:41:00Z MediaWiki default Move log 3308 sysop 8483 2005-07-03T13:41:00Z MediaWiki default Below is a list of page moved. 3309 sysop 8486 2005-07-03T13:41:00Z MediaWiki default Reason 3310 sysop 8487 2005-07-03T13:41:00Z MediaWiki default Namespace: 3311 sysop 10764 2006-07-01T19:06:44Z MediaWiki default Specify an e-mail address for these features to work. 3312 sysop 9454 2005-09-05T09:52:25Z MediaWiki default No file by this name exists, you can $1. 3313 sysop 8495 2005-07-03T13:41:00Z MediaWiki default [$1] 3314 sysop 8496 2005-07-03T13:41:00Z MediaWiki default [$1 watching user/s] 3315 sysop 8497 2005-07-03T13:41:00Z MediaWiki default Your password is too short. It must have at least $1 characters. 3316 sysop 10775 2006-07-01T19:06:44Z MediaWiki default * E-mail (optional): Enables others to contact you through your user or user_talk page without needing to reveal your identity. 3317 sysop 9845 2005-12-02T02:42:17Z MediaWiki default This address is also used to send you e-mail notifications if you enabled the options. 3318 sysop 9216 2005-07-29T11:07:12Z MediaWiki default * Real name (optional): if you choose to provide it this will be used for giving you attribution for your work. 3319 sysop 8505 2005-07-03T13:41:00Z MediaWiki default Print 3320 sysop 8511 2005-07-03T13:41:00Z MediaWiki default all 3321 sysop 8513 2005-07-03T13:41:00Z MediaWiki default Renamed group $2 to $3 3322 sysop 8515 2005-07-03T13:41:00Z MediaWiki default Restricted special pages 3323 sysop 8518 2005-07-03T13:41:00Z MediaWiki default revert 3324 sysop 8520 2005-07-03T13:41:00Z MediaWiki default [Interwiki transcluding is disabled] 3325 sysop 9222 2005-07-29T11:07:12Z MediaWiki default [Template fetch failed for $1; sorry] 3326 sysop 8522 2005-07-03T13:41:00Z MediaWiki default [URL is too long; sorry] 3327 sysop 8524 2005-07-03T13:41:00Z MediaWiki default Search full text 3328 sysop 8526 2005-07-03T13:41:00Z MediaWiki default Source and destination titles are the same; can't move a page over itself. 3329 sysop 8528 2005-07-03T13:41:00Z MediaWiki default Set steward flag 3330 sysop 9464 2005-09-05T09:52:26Z MediaWiki default Please see the $1 for further information. 3331 sysop 8531 2005-07-03T13:41:00Z MediaWiki default Show changes 3332 sysop 9876 2005-12-02T04:15:13Z MediaWiki default * navigation ** mainpage|mainpage ** portal-url|portal ** currentevents-url|currentevents ** recentchanges-url|recentchanges ** randompage-url|randompage ** helppage|help ** sitesupport-url|sitesupport 3333 sysop 8535 2005-07-03T13:41:01Z MediaWiki default Source filename 3334 sysop 10041 2006-01-01T14:30:42Z MediaWiki default Thumbnail size: 3335 sysop 9849 2005-12-02T02:42:18Z MediaWiki default E-mail me also for minor edits of pages 3336 sysop 9850 2005-12-02T02:42:18Z MediaWiki default Reveal my e-mail address in notification mails 3337 sysop 9851 2005-12-02T02:42:18Z MediaWiki default E-mail me when my user talk page is changed 3338 sysop 10810 2006-07-01T19:06:44Z MediaWiki default E-mail me when a page I'm watching is changed 3339 sysop 8544 2005-07-03T13:41:01Z MediaWiki default Use external diff by default 3340 sysop 8545 2005-07-03T13:41:01Z MediaWiki default Use external editor by default 3341 sysop 8548 2005-07-03T13:41:01Z MediaWiki default Show the number of watching users 3342 sysop 10814 2006-07-01T19:06:45Z MediaWiki default Show which changes you made to the text. [alt-v] 3343 sysop 8552 2005-07-03T13:41:01Z MediaWiki default Try exact match 3344 sysop 8553 2005-07-03T13:41:01Z MediaWiki default Undelete one edit 3345 sysop 8557 2005-07-03T13:41:01Z MediaWiki default The upload directory ($1) is not writable by the webserver. 3346 sysop 8559 2005-07-03T13:41:01Z MediaWiki default [$1 Upload a new version of this file] 3347 sysop 10359 2006-03-28T06:31:18Z MediaWiki default This file contains HTML or script code that may be erroneously be interpreted by a web browser. 3348 sysop 8563 2005-07-03T13:41:01Z MediaWiki default The file contains a virus! Details: $1 3349 sysop 8564 2005-07-03T13:41:01Z MediaWiki default User rights management 3350 sysop 8565 2005-07-03T13:41:01Z MediaWiki default Edit user groups 3351 sysop 8566 2005-07-03T13:41:01Z MediaWiki default Available groups: 3352 sysop 8567 2005-07-03T13:41:01Z MediaWiki default Select groups you want the user to be removed from or added to. Unselected groups will not be changed. You can deselect a group with CTRL + Left Click 3353 sysop 8568 2005-07-03T13:41:01Z MediaWiki default Member of: 3354 sysop 8569 2005-07-03T13:41:01Z MediaWiki default Changed group membership from $1 to $2 3355 sysop 8570 2005-07-03T13:41:01Z MediaWiki default Manage user groups 3356 sysop 10044 2006-01-01T14:30:42Z MediaWiki default Enter a username: 3357 sysop 8573 2005-07-03T13:41:01Z MediaWiki default Add 3358 sysop 8575 2005-07-03T13:41:01Z MediaWiki default Delete 3359 sysop 8576 2005-07-03T13:41:01Z MediaWiki default _User \ ^Topic 3360 sysop 8577 2005-07-03T13:41:01Z MediaWiki default User $1 3361 sysop 8579 2005-07-03T13:41:01Z MediaWiki default Check this box if you really mean it! 3362 sysop 8580 2005-07-03T13:41:01Z MediaWiki default <th>#</th><th>Topic</th><th>Range</th><th>Action</th> 3363 sysop 8581 2005-07-03T13:41:01Z MediaWiki default My validation overview 3364 sysop 8582 2005-07-03T13:41:01Z MediaWiki default No 3365 sysop 8583 2005-07-03T13:41:01Z MediaWiki default $1 of $2 3366 sysop 8584 2005-07-03T13:41:01Z MediaWiki default Revisions for $1 3367 sysop 8585 2005-07-03T13:41:01Z MediaWiki default See the validation statistics for "$1" <a href="$2">here</a> 3368 sysop 8586 2005-07-03T13:41:01Z MediaWiki default Revision 3369 sysop 8587 2005-07-03T13:41:01Z MediaWiki default Your ratings have been stored! 3370 sysop 8588 2005-07-03T13:41:01Z MediaWiki default Revision #$1 3371 sysop 8589 2005-07-03T13:41:01Z MediaWiki default Revision of $1 3372 sysop 8590 2005-07-03T13:41:01Z MediaWiki default details 3373 sysop 8591 2005-07-03T13:41:01Z MediaWiki default Show my validations 3374 sysop 8592 2005-07-03T13:41:01Z MediaWiki default Time 3375 sysop 8593 2005-07-03T13:41:01Z MediaWiki default Project:Validation topics 3376 sysop 8594 2005-07-03T13:41:01Z MediaWiki default Validation overview of user $1 3377 sysop 8595 2005-07-03T13:41:01Z MediaWiki default Validation of "$1" 3378 sysop 8597 2005-07-03T13:41:01Z MediaWiki default Change this text <a href="{{SERVER}}{{localurl:MediaWiki:Val_votepage_intro}}">here</a>! 3379 sysop 8598 2005-07-03T13:41:01Z MediaWiki default <b>Never, <i>ever</i>, change something here without <i>explicit</i> community consensus!</b> 3380 sysop 8599 2005-07-03T13:41:01Z MediaWiki default Yes 3381 sysop 8600 2005-07-03T13:41:01Z MediaWiki default is 3382 sysop 8601 2005-07-03T13:41:01Z MediaWiki default iz 3383 sysop 8602 2005-07-03T13:41:01Z MediaWiki default Version $1 of MediaWiki required 3384 sysop 8603 2005-07-03T13:41:01Z MediaWiki default Version $1 of MediaWiki is required to use this page. See [[Special:Version]] 3385 sysop 8604 2005-07-03T13:41:01Z MediaWiki default Views 3386 sysop 8607 2005-07-03T13:41:01Z MediaWiki default all 3387 sysop 8608 2005-07-03T13:41:01Z MediaWiki default all 3388 sysop 9863 2005-12-02T02:42:18Z MediaWiki default * E-mail notification is enabled. 3389 sysop 8611 2005-07-03T13:41:01Z MediaWiki default * Pages which have been changed since you last visited them are shown in '''bold''' 3390 sysop 8612 2005-07-03T13:41:01Z MediaWiki default Hide 3391 sysop 10845 2006-07-01T19:06:45Z MediaWiki default $1 my edits 3392 sysop 8614 2005-07-03T13:41:01Z MediaWiki default Show 3393 sysop 8616 2005-07-03T13:41:01Z MediaWiki default Your domain 3898 sysop 9194 2005-07-29T11:07:10Z MediaWiki default inches 3899 sysop 9197 2005-07-29T11:07:10Z MediaWiki default $1 metres 3900 sysop 9199 2005-07-29T11:07:11Z MediaWiki default $1 dpc 3901 sysop 9200 2005-07-29T11:07:11Z MediaWiki default $1 dpi 3902 sysop 9223 2005-07-29T11:07:12Z MediaWiki default - 3903 sysop 9228 2005-07-29T11:07:12Z MediaWiki default (Preview) 3904 sysop 9878 2005-12-02T04:15:14Z MediaWiki default ; $4$5 : [$2 $1] 3905 sysop 9998 2005-12-22T07:37:44Z MediaWiki default <div id="mw_trackbacks"> Trackbacks for this article:<br /> $1 </div> 3906 sysop 9235 2005-07-29T11:07:13Z MediaWiki default The trackback was successfully deleted. 3907 sysop 9880 2005-12-02T04:15:14Z MediaWiki default ; $4$5 : [$2 $1]: <nowiki>$3</nowiki> 3908 sysop 9237 2005-07-29T11:07:13Z MediaWiki default Trackback 3909 sysop 9238 2005-07-29T11:07:13Z MediaWiki default ([$1 Delete]) 3910 sysop 9240 2005-07-29T11:07:13Z MediaWiki default Always 3911 sysop 9241 2005-07-29T11:07:13Z MediaWiki default Browser default 3912 sysop 9242 2005-07-29T11:07:13Z MediaWiki default Never 3913 sysop 9244 2005-07-29T11:07:13Z MediaWiki default Unused categories 3914 sysop 9245 2005-07-29T11:07:13Z MediaWiki default The following category pages exist although no other article or category make use of them. 3915 sysop 9248 2005-07-29T11:07:13Z MediaWiki default See the validation statistics for "$1" <a href="$2">here</a> 3993 9546 2005-09-17T21:05:00Z 81.56.190.128 Interwiki candidates See also [[:Category:Moved to Wikisource]]. 3994 9364 2005-08-17T08:35:02Z Yann 25 Articles marked for deletion. 3995 sysop 9381 2005-08-19T23:35:42Z MediaWiki default expires $1 3996 sysop 9382 2005-08-19T23:35:42Z MediaWiki default infinite 3997 sysop 9383 2005-08-19T23:35:42Z MediaWiki default The blocklist is empty. 3998 sysop 9384 2005-08-19T23:35:42Z MediaWiki default /^(.*?)([a-zA-Z\x80-\xff]+)$/sD 3999 sysop 9386 2005-08-19T23:35:42Z MediaWiki default Most linked to pages 4000 sysop 9387 2005-08-19T23:35:42Z MediaWiki default all 4001 sysop 9392 2005-08-19T23:35:43Z MediaWiki default one deleted edit 4002 sysop 9399 2005-08-19T23:35:44Z MediaWiki default px 4004 9413 2005-08-26T17:47:39Z 59.183.30.0 BEST '''बेस्ट''' बंम्बई की बिजली कंपनी है [[en:Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport]] [[de:Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport]] [[es:Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport]] [[fr:Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport]] [[gu:બૅસ્ટ]] [[it:Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport]] [[mr:बेस्ट]] [[pt:Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport]] [[hi:बेस्ट]] [[simple:Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport]] 4007 sysop 10702 2006-07-01T19:06:43Z MediaWiki default User [[User:$1|$1]] ([[User talk:$1|talk]]) deleted this page after you started editing with reason: : ''$2'' Please confirm that really want to recreate this page. 4008 sysop 9443 2005-09-05T09:52:23Z MediaWiki default Warning: This page has been deleted after you started editing! 4009 sysop 9444 2005-09-05T09:52:24Z MediaWiki default A file with this name exists already; please go back and upload this file under a new name. [[Image:$1|thumb|center|$1]] 4010 sysop 9445 2005-09-05T09:52:24Z MediaWiki default A file with this name exists already in the shared file repository; please go back and upload this file under a new name. [[Image:$1|thumb|center|$1]] 4011 sysop 9446 2005-09-05T09:52:24Z MediaWiki default Summary: 4012 sysop 9447 2005-09-05T09:52:24Z MediaWiki default This file is bigger than the server is configured to allow. 4013 sysop 9448 2005-09-05T09:52:24Z MediaWiki default Licensing 4014 sysop 10753 2006-07-01T19:06:44Z MediaWiki default log in 4015 sysop 9450 2005-09-05T09:52:24Z MediaWiki default You must $1 to view other pages. 4016 sysop 9455 2005-09-05T09:52:25Z MediaWiki default upload it 4017 sysop 9456 2005-09-05T09:52:25Z MediaWiki default None selected 4018 sysop 9460 2005-09-05T09:52:25Z MediaWiki default Permanent link 4019 sysop 9461 2005-09-05T09:52:25Z MediaWiki default Prefix index 4020 sysop 9463 2005-09-05T09:52:25Z MediaWiki default Recreate 4021 sysop 9465 2005-09-05T09:52:26Z MediaWiki default file description page 4022 sysop 9467 2005-09-05T09:52:26Z MediaWiki default ($1 bots) 4023 sysop 10815 2006-07-01T19:06:45Z MediaWiki default Recreate the page despite it has been deleted 4024 sysop 10258 2006-02-26T02:04:13Z MediaWiki default This article has been deleted. The reason for deletion is shown in the summary below, along with details of the users who had edited this page before deletion. The actual text of these deleted revisions is only available to administrators. 4025 sysop 9476 2005-09-05T09:52:26Z MediaWiki default updated since my last visit 4026 sysop 9480 2005-09-05T09:52:27Z MediaWiki default View $1? 4027 sysop 9481 2005-09-05T09:52:27Z MediaWiki default View deleted pages 4028 sysop 10844 2006-07-01T19:06:45Z MediaWiki default $1 bot edits 4031 9742 2005-11-11T08:34:34Z 202.70.66.229 Ganendra bir bikram is a middle son of King mahendra. He was born in 2004 B.S 1947 A.D. at that time King Gyanendra was born Nepal was under autocratic Rana Regime. Their autocratic rule has barricaded the monarch. the then King Tribhuwan left Nepal and went to refuge in the indian embassy first and then to New delhi; the ranas coronated 30 month old Gyanendra in 1950. People's armed movement brought democracy in nepal then king tribhuwan returned back. King Mahendra sacked the democracy and banned all political parties arresting the elected democratic PM Bishsweshwor Koirala and imposed monoparty Panchayat system that lasted for next 30 years. King gyanendra was one of supporter of monoparty panchayat system. After the people's movement of 1990 king birendra declared democracy and the democratic constitution came. after the assassination of king birendra in 2001 a.d. Gyanendra again became the King of nepal. he again sacked the elected cabinet of PM Sher Bahadur Deuba and took the sovereign power himself. After restoration of democracy the constitution run for 15 more years and afterwards king gyanendra claiming that he is ruling under the 1990 constitution which has no concept of absolute monarch. 4036 9547 2005-09-17T21:05:32Z 81.56.190.128 See also [[:Category:Interwiki candidates]]. 4049 9615 2005-10-04T20:47:44Z 61.95.128.71 == [[Media:Headline text]]<math>--~~~~Insert formula here<nowiki>[[Media:Insert non-formatted text here]][[Image:[Example.jpg][[[[Link title]]'''''Italic text''''''''Bold text''''''']]]]</nowiki></math> == 4056 9649 2005-10-28T08:28:33Z 128.214.121.37 HEj minä olla pieru minä saastuttaa maailmaa.. !! hahahahaaa kill you osman !! ;(;);));(;);(;);''Italic text'' 4057 9654 2005-10-31T11:24:50Z 164.100.240.93 मै ने उपनिषदों के आधार पर श्री सत्यनारायण की कथा पर नया दर्शन लिखा हैं । यह अगर मैं वेब साईट पर रखना चाहूं तो क्या प्रणाली हैं । योग, आयुर्वेद, तंत्रशास्त्र, याज्ञिकी के उपर कुछ संशोधनात्मक लेख लिखे हैं । वेब प्रकाशन के लिए क्या करना होगा, कृपया अवगत कराए । --- आपका सहयोगाकांक्षी पण्डितोपाह्व प्रेमवल्लभ शर्मात्मज परन्तप शर्मा - पता डी-15 उदयनगर, गांधीधाम - कच्छ 370203 (गुजरात) मूळ वतन - सिद्धपुर - उ.गुज. दीक्षानाम - अरूणान्दनाथ (पूर्णाभिषेक - माघ शुक्ल 11, वि.सं. 2055) । 4059 9660 2005-11-04T22:45:49Z 61.2.197.105 akhilam --[[User:61.2.197.105|61.2.197.105]] 22:45, 4 November 2005 (UTC)[[I[http://www.example.com link title][[Media:Example.ogg]]mage:Example.jpg]] 4060 12168 2006-12-01T16:49:18Z 70.105.32.247 Replacing page with '{{delete}}' {{delete}} 4061 sysop 9819 2005-12-02T02:42:15Z MediaWiki default Enable e-mail from other users 4062 sysop 9668 2005-11-09T23:07:16Z MediaWiki default Display pages with prefix: 4063 sysop 9670 2005-11-09T23:07:17Z MediaWiki default Category 4064 sysop 9672 2005-11-09T23:07:17Z MediaWiki default Clear the cache of this page? $1 4065 sysop 9673 2005-11-09T23:07:17Z MediaWiki default OK 4066 sysop 9677 2005-11-09T23:07:17Z MediaWiki default No preference 4067 sysop 9678 2005-11-09T23:07:17Z MediaWiki default Date and time 4068 sysop 9680 2005-11-09T23:07:17Z MediaWiki default → 4069 sysop 9681 2005-11-09T23:07:17Z MediaWiki default download 4070 sysop 9683 2005-11-09T23:07:17Z MediaWiki default RGB 4071 sysop 9685 2005-11-09T23:07:18Z MediaWiki default Ignore any warnings 4072 sysop 9686 2005-11-09T23:07:18Z MediaWiki default Importing $1 4073 sysop 9687 2005-11-09T23:07:18Z MediaWiki default No import file was uploaded. 4074 sysop 9688 2005-11-09T23:07:18Z MediaWiki default Upload of import file failed; perhaps the file is bigger than the allowed upload size. 4075 sysop 9689 2005-11-09T23:07:18Z MediaWiki default Jump to: 4076 sysop 9690 2005-11-09T23:07:18Z MediaWiki default navigation 4077 sysop 9691 2005-11-09T23:07:18Z MediaWiki default search 4078 sysop 9693 2005-11-09T23:07:18Z MediaWiki default MIME search 4079 sysop 10040 2006-01-01T14:30:41Z MediaWiki default MIME type: 4080 sysop 9695 2005-11-09T23:07:18Z MediaWiki default Articles with the most categories 4081 sysop 9696 2005-11-09T23:07:18Z MediaWiki default Most linked to images 4082 sysop 9697 2005-11-09T23:07:18Z MediaWiki default Most linked to categories 4083 sysop 9698 2005-11-09T23:07:18Z MediaWiki default Articles with the most revisions 4084 sysop 10759 2006-07-01T19:06:44Z MediaWiki default $1 {{PLURAL:$1|category|categories}} 4085 sysop 9700 2005-11-09T23:07:18Z MediaWiki default {{int:newarticletext}} 4086 sysop 9703 2005-11-09T23:07:19Z MediaWiki default {{int:noarticletext}} 4087 sysop 10767 2006-07-01T19:06:44Z MediaWiki default $1 {{PLURAL:$1|revision|revisions}} 4088 sysop 9711 2005-11-09T23:07:19Z MediaWiki default Redirecting to [[$1]]... 4089 sysop 9712 2005-11-09T23:07:19Z MediaWiki default Redirect page 4090 sysop 10247 2006-02-26T02:04:13Z MediaWiki default <strong>Sorry! We could not process your edit due to a loss of session data. Please try again. If it still doesn't work, try logging out and logging back in.</strong> 4091 sysop 9723 2005-11-09T23:07:20Z MediaWiki default Enable "jump to" accessibility links 4092 sysop 10042 2006-01-01T14:30:42Z MediaWiki default User ID: 4093 sysop 9730 2005-11-09T23:07:20Z MediaWiki default Unwatched pages 4094 sysop 10043 2006-01-01T14:30:42Z MediaWiki default Username: 4095 sysop 9734 2005-11-09T23:07:20Z MediaWiki default Maximum number of $1 topics reached 4096 sysop 9735 2005-11-09T23:07:20Z MediaWiki default No topics defined 4097 sysop 9736 2005-11-09T23:07:20Z MediaWiki default You have no topics defined which can be rated. Go to [[Special:Validate]], and have an administrator run the "Manage" function to add at least one topic and point range. 4098 sysop 9737 2005-11-09T23:07:20Z MediaWiki default Wanted categories 4099 sysop 10842 2006-07-01T19:06:45Z MediaWiki default $1×$2 4102 9751 2005-11-15T06:19:01Z 24.251.68.75 [[Category:Pages needing translation]]<div class="plainlinks"> {| class="boilerplate metadata" id="stub" style="font-size:small; padding: 3px; background: #f7f8ff; border: 1px solid gray; margin: 0 1em 0 1em" |- |[[Image:WikiLettreMini.png]] |''This page, '''{{PAGENAME}}''', is not in Sanskrit, the language of this encyclopaedia. You can help Wikipedia by [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}} translating it].'' |}</div> 4104 9886 2005-12-03T10:25:10Z Dannown 95 देव means god, and दास means someone from the dAsa tribe, or a slave. 4105 sysop 9787 2005-11-29T21:31:21Z MediaWiki default Invalid raw signature; check HTML tags. 4106 sysop 9790 2005-11-29T21:31:22Z MediaWiki default $1 sec ($2) 4107 sysop 9791 2005-11-29T21:31:22Z MediaWiki default f/$1 4108 sysop 9792 2005-11-29T21:31:22Z MediaWiki default $1 mm 4109 sysop 9795 2005-11-29T21:31:23Z MediaWiki default Hide extended details 4110 sysop 9796 2005-11-29T21:31:23Z MediaWiki default Show extended details 4111 sysop 9797 2005-11-29T21:31:23Z MediaWiki default EXIF metadata fields listed in this message will be included on image page display when the metadata table is collapsed. 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Please try again. 4122 sysop 9872 2005-12-02T04:15:11Z MediaWiki default <!-- Text here will be shown below edit and upload forms. --> 4123 9903 2005-12-06T06:12:01Z 203.199.165.109 Just feelings... This is very great thing to see that "Sanskrut Website" - simply great efforts taken... 4124 10195 2006-02-11T07:29:43Z Chavakiran 145 removing unrelated matter 4125 11938 2006-11-24T20:32:51Z 195.189.209.67 me:ple sprekin english [http://chrysalis1.info/index.htm index.htm] [http://chrysalis1.info/map.a.html map.a.html] [http://chrysalis1.info/map.b.html map.b.html] [http://chrysalis1.info/map.c.html map.c.html] [http://chrysalis1.info/map.d.html map.d.html] [http://chrysalis1.info/map.e.html map.e.html] [http://chrysalis1.info/map.f.html map.f.html] [http://chrysalis1.info/map.g.html map.g.html] [http://chrysalis1.info/map.h.html map.h.html] [http://chrysalis1.info/map.i.html map.i.html] [http://chrysalis1.info/map.j.html map.j.html] [http://chrysalis1.info/map.k.html map.k.html] [http://chrysalis1.info/map.l.html map.l.html] [http://chrysalis1.info/map.m.html map.m.html] [http://chrysalis1.info/map.n.html map.n.html] [http://chrysalis1.info/map.o.html map.o.html] 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You can go back and edit an existing page, or [[Special:Userlogin|log in or create an account]]. 4142 sysop 9987 2005-12-22T07:37:43Z MediaWiki default Page creation limited 4143 sysop 9988 2005-12-22T07:37:43Z MediaWiki default (default) 4144 sysop 9989 2005-12-22T07:37:43Z MediaWiki default Block unregistered users 4145 sysop 9990 2005-12-22T07:37:43Z MediaWiki default Sysops only 4146 sysop 10781 2006-07-01T19:06:44Z MediaWiki default You may view and change the protection level here for the page <strong>$1</strong>. 4147 sysop 9992 2005-12-22T07:37:43Z MediaWiki default Unlock move permissions 4148 sysop 10239 2006-02-26T02:04:13Z MediaWiki default Your account does not have permission to change page protection levels. Here are the current settings for the page <strong>$1</strong>: 4149 sysop 10004 2005-12-22T07:37:44Z MediaWiki default You have $1 ($2). 4150 10007 2005-12-23T08:07:55Z Dannown 95 '''लास एंजलस''' केलिफोर्निया प्रदेशस्य नागरी अस्ति। केलिफोर्निया प्रदेशस्य जनाकिर्णतमा नगरी अस्ति। [[En:Los Angeles, California]] 4151 10008 2005-12-23T08:09:15Z Dannown 95 पेसदीनः [[केलिफोर्निया]] प्रदेशस्य नगरीकः। लास एंजलस देशभागे तिष्टति। [[En: Pasadena, California]] 4152 10034 2005-12-26T11:40:35Z Yann 25 [[P.L. Deshpande]] moved to [[पु. ल. देशपांडे]] गेल्या ५०-६० वर्षांच्या काळात महाराष्ट्रात झालेल्या उत्तुंग व्यक्तिमत्वांपैकी 'चतुरस्त्र' हे विशेषण लागु पडेल असं महाराष्ट्राचे लाडकं व्यक्तिमत्व म्हणजे पु. ल. देशपांडे. आपल्या बहुरंगी व्यक्तिमत्वामुळे सामान्यांपासून असामान्यांपर्यंत सर्वांच्या मनावर अधिराज्य गाजवलं फक्तं पुलंनी. == [[पुलंच्या लिखाणातील काही उतारे]] == '''मुबंईने व्यापक दॄष्टी दिली''' माझा जन्म मुंबईत गावदेवीतल्या एका चाळीत झालेला असला तरी मी वाढलो पार्ल्यासारख्या मुंबईच्या उपनगरात. ह्या उपनगरी मुंबईने मला खुप काही दिले. मुख्यतः चाळीत दुर्लक्ष असलेली मोकळी हवा दिली. खेळायला मोकळी शेते दिली. पावसाळ्यात तिथे काकड्या पडवळ दोडक्यांचे मळे फुलायचे. गिरगावातच राहिलो असतो तर बैलांनी ओढलेले नांगर, बैलगाडी वर लादलेल्या काकड्यांच्या राशी पहायला मिळाल्या नसत्या. ट्रॅमवाली मुंबई आणि आमची उपनगरी मुंबई यात खुप फरक होता. आमच्या मुंबईवर ग्रामीण शिक्का होता. पावसाळ्यात पार्ल्यातल्या विहिरी तुडुंब भरायच्या आणि पारध्यांच्या, चित्र्यांच्या विहिरीवर पोहणाय्रा पोरांचा दंगा सुरु व्हायचा. मुटका मारुन पाणी उडवून काठावरच्या पोरांना भिजविणे हा अत्यंत आवडता खेळ होता. हे सुख मुंबईच्या मुलांना नव्हतं. त्यांना चौपाटी होती, पण आम्हाला जुहूचा लांबलचक किनारा होता. स्टंपा, ब्याटी वगैरे गोष्टी परवडण्या सारख्या नव्हत्या. त्यामुळे खो खो, हुतुतू (याची त्याकाळी कबड्डी झाली नव्हती), आट्यापाट्या, विटीदांडू अशा बिनपैशाच्या खेळावर भर होता. हे देशी संस्कार घेउन वाढत गेलेल्या मुलांपैकी आम्ही होतो. हाफपँट, बाहेर लोंबकळणारा शर्ट ही आम्हा सगळ्यांची वेशभूषा होती. इस्त्रीचे कपडे ही अनावश्यक गोष्ट वाटत होती. त्या मानाने मुंबईची पोरे फ्याशनेबल कोटबीट घालायची. त्यांच्या पोशाखाचा हेवा वाटत नव्हता असे नाहि. पण स्वदेशीपणाचा अभिमान होता. महात्मा गांधींच्या सत्याग्रहाच्या चळवळीचे वीलेपार्ले हे मुख्य केंद्र होते. तीथे सत्याग्रहांची छावणी होती. आज त्याच जागेवर बिस्किट फॅक्टरी आहे. माझ्या विद्यार्थिदशेतला बहुतेक काळ हा मुंबईतच गेला. त्यावेळी सार्वजनिक क्षेत्रातल्या दिग्गजांची भाषणे ऐकण्याचे भाग्य लाभले. माझे जीवन समृद्ध करणाय्रा त्या मुंबईचे आताचे रुप पाहतांना मनाला यातना होतात. ज्या मुंबईत जगन्नाथ शंकरशेट, फिरोज शहा मेहता, डॉ. भाउ दाजी लाड यांच्या सारख्या लोकाग्राणींनी जनजीवन सुखी व्हावं म्हणून आपलं आयुष्य वेचलं, त्या जुन्या मुंबईचा ताबा आता अफाट गर्दीने आणि सर्वच क्षेत्रांतल्या गुंडांनी घ्यावा हा दैवदुर्विलास म्हणावा लागेल. ...अपूर्ण (-महाराष्ट्र टाइम्स, रविवार २३ जुलै १९९३) 4153 10035 2005-12-26T11:40:35Z Yann 25 [[P.L. Deshpande]] moved to [[पु. ल. देशपांडे]] #REDIRECT [[पु. ल. देशपांडे]] 4154 sysop 10038 2006-01-01T14:30:40Z MediaWiki default This shows only images uploaded by $1. 4155 sysop 10039 2006-01-01T14:30:40Z MediaWiki default inclusion 4163 edit=autoconfirmed:move=autoconfirmed 10534 2006-05-14T11:41:00Z Yann 25 Protected "[[Wikipedia:Copyrights]]": spam [edit=autoconfirmed:move=autoconfirmed] 4164 edit=autoconfirmed:move=autoconfirmed 10537 2006-05-14T11:44:38Z Yann 25 Protected "[[Wikipedia:Site support]]": spam [edit=autoconfirmed:move=autoconfirmed] 4168 12944 2006-12-18T22:18:22Z 24.118.38.181 लिङ्गं त्रिविधम्, पुंलिङ्ग, स्त्रीलिङ्ग, नपुंसकलिङ्ग *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[उपसर्गाः]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[लकाराः]] [[en:Grammar]] [[hi:व्‍याकरण]] 4169 10268 2006-02-28T17:20:10Z Gangleri 47 from [[en:template:wikivar]] <center><font id="top" /><span dir="ltr" ><span class="plainlinks">[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:template:wikivar|action=purge}} purge] [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|oldid={{REVISIONID}}}} rev-ID : {{REVISIONID}}] &nbsp; [[b:template:wikivar|b:]] [[commons:template:wikivar|c:]] [[m:template:wikivar|m:]] [[n:template:wikivar|n:]] [[q:template:wikivar|q:]] [[s:template:wikivar|s:]] [http://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/template:wikivar t:] [[<!--- w: --->template:wikivar|w:]] [[wikt:template:wikivar|wikt:]] '''[[special:SiteMatrix#sa|?]]''' &ndash; '''[[special:Version|version]]''' [[special:Allmessages|all messages]]<br />[http://cvs.sourceforge.net/viewcvs.py/wikipedia/phase3/languages/Language.php?view=markup $wgMagicWordsEn] at [http://cvs.sourceforge.net/viewcvs.py/wikipedia/phase3/ CVS] [http://cvs.sourceforge.net/viewcvs.py/wikipedia/phase3/languages/Language.php Language.php] [http://mail.wikipedia.org/pipermail/mediawiki-cvs/ mail] [[:category:bugzilla|/]] [[meta:help:Variable|m:help:Variable]], [[meta:Global variables|m:Global variables]]</span></span></center> {| border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" align="center" width="80%" valign="top" height="38" !method a !method b !generates |- ! colspan="3" align="center" | <font id="common_namespaces" /><span dir="ltr" >[[#top|&uarr;]] common namespaces [-2 - 15] / used at all <span class="plainlinks">[http://www.mediawiki.org/ MediaWiki]</span> projects [[#bottom|&darr;]]</span> |- | align="center" | <font id="ns_-2" /><nowiki>{{ns:-2}}</nowiki> | align="center" | <nowiki>{{ns:Media}}</nowiki> | align="center" | &nbsp;{{ns:-2}} |- | align="center" | <font id="ns_-1" /><nowiki>{{ns:-1}}</nowiki> | align="center" | <nowiki>{{ns:Special}}</nowiki> | align="center" | &nbsp;{{ns:-1}} |- ! colspan="3" align="center" | <span dir="ltr" ><font id="ns_0" />[[#top|&uarr;]] (Main) &ndash; [[MediaWiki:Blanknamespace]] &ndash; {{DIRMARK}}<span dir="ltr" >'''{{MediaWiki:Blanknamespace}}'''</span> [[#bottom|&darr;]]</span> |- | align="center" | <font id="ns_1" /><nowiki>{{ns:1}}</nowiki> | align="center" | <nowiki>{{ns:Talk}}</nowiki> | align="center" | &nbsp;{{ns:1}} |- | align="center" | <font id="ns_2" /><nowiki>{{ns:2}}</nowiki> | align="center" | <nowiki>{{ns:User}}</nowiki> | align="center" | &nbsp;{{ns:2}} |- | align="center" | <font id="ns_3" /><nowiki>{{ns:3}}</nowiki> | align="center" | <nowiki>{{ns:User_talk}}</nowiki> | align="center" | &nbsp;{{ns:3}} |- | align="center" | <font id="ns_4" /><nowiki>{{ns:4}}</nowiki> | align="center" | <nowiki>{{ns:Project}}</nowiki> | align="center" | &nbsp;{{ns:4}} |- | align="center" | <font id="ns_5" /><nowiki>{{ns:5}}</nowiki> | align="center" | <nowiki>{{ns:Project_talk}}</nowiki> | align="center" | &nbsp;{{ns:5}} |- | align="center" | <font id="ns_6" /><nowiki>{{ns:6}}</nowiki> | align="center" | <nowiki>{{ns:Image}}</nowiki> | align="center" | &nbsp;{{ns:6}} |- | align="center" | <font id="ns_7" /><nowiki>{{ns:7}}</nowiki> | align="center" | <nowiki>{{ns:Image_talk}}</nowiki> | align="center" | &nbsp;{{ns:7}} |- | align="center" | <font id="ns_8" /><nowiki>{{ns:8}}</nowiki> | align="center" | <nowiki>{{ns:MediaWiki}}</nowiki> | align="center" | &nbsp;{{ns:8}} |- | align="center" | <font id="ns_9" /><nowiki>{{ns:9}}</nowiki> | align="center" | <nowiki>{{ns:MediaWiki_talk}}</nowiki> | align="center" | &nbsp;{{ns:9}} |- | align="center" | <font id="ns_10" /><nowiki>{{ns:10}}</nowiki> | align="center" | <nowiki>{{ns:Template}}</nowiki> | align="center" | &nbsp;{{ns:10}} |- | align="center" | <font id="ns_11" /><nowiki>{{ns:11}}</nowiki> | align="center" | <nowiki>{{ns:Template_talk}}</nowiki> | align="center" | &nbsp;{{ns:11}} |- | align="center" | <font id="ns_12" /><nowiki>{{ns:12}}</nowiki> | align="center" | <nowiki>{{ns:Help}}</nowiki> | align="center" | &nbsp;{{ns:12}} |- | align="center" | <font id="ns_13" /><nowiki>{{ns:13}}</nowiki> | align="center" | <nowiki>{{ns:Help_talk}}</nowiki> | align="center" | &nbsp;{{ns:13}} |- | align="center" | <font id="ns_14" /><nowiki>{{ns:14}}</nowiki> | align="center" | <nowiki>{{ns:Category}}</nowiki> | align="center" | &nbsp;{{ns:14}} |- | align="center" | <font id="ns_15" /><nowiki>{{ns:15}}</nowiki> | align="center" | <nowiki>{{ns:Category_talk}}</nowiki> | align="center" | &nbsp;{{ns:15}} |- ! colspan="3" align="center" | <font id="reserved_namespaces" /><span dir="ltr" >[[#top|&uarr;]] reserved namespaces [[#bottom|&darr;]]</span> |- | align="center" | <font id="ns_16" /><nowiki>{{ns:16}}</nowiki> || &nbsp; 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|| align="center" | &nbsp;{{ns:2147483647}} <!--- |- | align="center" | <font id="ns_2147483648" /><nowiki>{{ns:2147483648}}</nowiki> || &nbsp; || align="center" | &nbsp;{{ns:2147483648}} ---> |- ! colspan="3" align="center" | <font id="variables" /><span dir="ltr" >[[#top|&uarr;]] variables [[#bottom|&darr;]]</span> |- | align="center" | <font id="CURRENTDAY" /><nowiki>{{CURRENTDAY}}</nowiki> | align="center" colspan="2" | &nbsp;{{CURRENTDAY}} |- | align="center" | <font id="CURRENTDAY2" /><nowiki>{{CURRENTDAY2}}</nowiki> | align="center" colspan="2" | &nbsp;{{CURRENTDAY2}} |- | align="center" | <font id="CURRENTDAYNAME" /><nowiki>{{CURRENTDAYNAME}}</nowiki> | align="center" colspan="2" | &nbsp;{{CURRENTDAYNAME}} |- | align="center" | <font id="CURRENTDOW" /><nowiki>{{CURRENTDOW}}</nowiki> | align="center" colspan="2" | &nbsp;{{CURRENTDOW}} |- | align="center" | <font id="CURRENTMONTH" /><nowiki>{{CURRENTMONTH}}</nowiki> | align="center" colspan="2" | &nbsp;{{CURRENTMONTH}} |- | align="center" | <font id="CURRENTMONTHABBREV" /><nowiki>{{CURRENTMONTHABBREV}}</nowiki> | align="center" colspan="2" | &nbsp;{{CURRENTMONTHABBREV}} |- | align="center" | <font id="CURRENTMONTHNAME" /><nowiki>{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}</nowiki> | align="center" colspan="2" | &nbsp;{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} |- | align="center" | <font id="CURRENTMONTHNAMEGEN" /><nowiki>{{CURRENTMONTHNAMEGEN}}</nowiki> | align="center" colspan="2" | &nbsp;{{CURRENTMONTHNAMEGEN}} |- | align="center" | <font id="CURRENTTIME" /><nowiki>{{CURRENTTIME}}</nowiki> | align="center" colspan="2" | &nbsp;{{CURRENTTIME}} |- | align="center" | <font id="CURRENTWEEK" /><nowiki>{{CURRENTWEEK}}</nowiki> | align="center" colspan="2" | &nbsp;{{CURRENTWEEK}} |- | align="center" | <font id="CURRENTYEAR" /><nowiki>{{CURRENTYEAR}}</nowiki> | align="center" colspan="2" | &nbsp;{{CURRENTYEAR}} |- | align="center" | <font id="FULLPAGENAME" /><nowiki>{{FULLPAGENAME}}</nowiki> | align="center" colspan="2" | &nbsp;{{FULLPAGENAME}} |- | align="center" | <font id="FULLPAGENAMEE" /><nowiki>{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}</nowiki> | align="center" colspan="2" | &nbsp;<span dir="ltr" >{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}</span> ^{<small>[[#1|1]]</small>}&lrm; 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|- | align="center" | <font id="SERVER" /><nowiki>{{SERVER}}</nowiki> | align="center" colspan="2" | &nbsp;{{SERVER}} |- | align="center" | <font id="SERVERNAME" /><nowiki>{{SERVERNAME}}</nowiki> | align="center" colspan="2" | &nbsp;{{SERVERNAME}} |- | align="center" | <font id="SITENAME" /><nowiki>{{SITENAME}}</nowiki> | align="center" colspan="2" | &nbsp;{{SITENAME}} |- ! colspan="3" align="center" | <font id="predefined_templates" /><span dir="ltr" >[[#top|&uarr;]] predefined templates [[#bottom|&darr;]]</span> |- | align="center" | <font id="FULLURL" /><nowiki>{{FULLURL:}}</nowiki> | align="center" colspan="2" | &nbsp; |- | align="center" | <font id="FULLURLE" /><nowiki>{{FULLURLE:}}</nowiki> | align="center" colspan="2" | &nbsp; |- | align="center" | <font id="GRAMMAR" /><nowiki>{{GRAMMAR:}}</nowiki> | align="center" colspan="2" | &nbsp;<span dir="ltr" ><span class="plainlinks">[[template:wikivar/GRAMMAR|GRAMMAR]] [http://cvs.sourceforge.net/viewcvs.py/wikipedia/phase3/ CVS]&nbsp;[http://cvs.sourceforge.net/viewcvs.py/wikipedia/phase3/languages/ /languages/]</span></span> |- | align="center" | <font id="INT" /><nowiki>{{INT:}}</nowiki> | align="center" colspan="2" | &nbsp; |- | align="center" | <font id="LC" /><nowiki>{{LC:}}</nowiki> | align="center" colspan="2" | &nbsp; |- | align="center" | <font id="LCFIRST" /><nowiki>{{LCFIRST:}}</nowiki> | align="center" colspan="2" | &nbsp; |- | align="center" | <font id="LOCALURL" /><nowiki>{{LOCALURL:}}</nowiki> | align="center" colspan="2" | &nbsp; |- | align="center" | <font id="LOCALURLE" /><nowiki>{{LOCALURLE:}}</nowiki> | align="center" colspan="2" | &nbsp; |- | align="center" | <font id="MSG" /><nowiki>{{MSG:}}</nowiki> | align="center" colspan="2" | &nbsp; |- | align="center" | <font id="MSGNW" /><nowiki>{{MSGNW:}}</nowiki> | align="center" colspan="2" | &nbsp; |- | align="center" | <font id="NS" /><nowiki>{{NS:}}</nowiki> | align="center" colspan="2" | &nbsp; |- | align="center" | <font id="PLURAL" /><nowiki>{{PLURAL:}}</nowiki> | align="center" colspan="2" | &nbsp; |- | align="center" | <font id="RAW" /><nowiki>{{RAW:}}</nowiki> | align="center" colspan="2" | &nbsp; |- | align="center" | <font id="REVISIONID" /><nowiki>{{REVISIONID:}}</nowiki> | align="center" colspan="2" | &nbsp; |- | align="center" | '''<nowiki>{{REVISIONID}}</nowiki>''' | align="center" colspan="2" | &nbsp;{{REVISIONID}} |- | align="center" | <font id="SUBST" /><nowiki>{{SUBST:}}</nowiki> | align="center" colspan="2" | &nbsp; |- | align="center" | <font id="UC" /><nowiki>{{UC:}}</nowiki> | align="center" colspan="2" | &nbsp; |- | align="center" | <font id="UCFIRST" /><nowiki>{{UCFIRST:}}</nowiki> | align="center" colspan="2" | &nbsp; |- | colspan="3" align="center" | <font id="1" /><span dir="ltr" >^{<small>[[#1|1]]</small>} this documentation displays this value [[w:en:LTR|LTR]] (left to right)</span> |- | colspan="3" align="center" | <font id="index" /><span dir="ltr" >[[#top|&uarr;]]&nbsp;<nowiki>|</nowiki>&nbsp;[[#common namespaces|common]]&nbsp;[[#reserved_namespaces|reserved]]&nbsp;[[#custom namespaces|custom]]&nbsp;'''namespaces''' <nowiki>|</nowiki>&nbsp;[[#variables|variables]] <nowiki>|</nowiki>&nbsp;[[#predefined templates|predefined templates]] <nowiki>|</nowiki>&nbsp;[[#bottom|&darr;]]</span> |}<font id="bottom" /> 4170 10547 2006-05-15T09:49:40Z DaGizza 117 [[Agni]] moved to [[अग्नि]]: proper name अग्निमीळे पुरोहितं यज्ञस्य देवं रत्वीजम | होतारं रत्नधातमम || aghnimīḷe purohitaṃ yajñasya devaṃ ṛtvījam | hotāraṃ ratnadhātamam || [[ar:آجني]] [[ca:Agni]] [[de:Agni]] [[es:Agni]] [[fr:Agni]] [[it:Agni]] [[lt:Agnis]] [[ja:アグニ]] [[pl:Agni]] [[pt:Agni]] [[ru:Агни]] [[sl:Agni]] [[fi:Agni]] [[sv:Agni]] 4171 12856 2006-12-18T08:09:53Z 190.30.161.140 rv vandalism, re-add ES: अयं देवाय जन्मने सतोमो विप्रेभिरासया | अकारि रत्नधातमः || ayaṃ devāya janmane stomo viprebhirāsayā | akāri ratnadhātamaḥ || [[en: Rbhus]] [[es: Ribhú]]] 4172 10367 2006-03-31T04:38:25Z 131.236.1.5 अथातो ब्रह्मजिज्ञासा । अहं ब्रह्मास्मि| सः ब्रह्मास्ति| त्वं ब्रह्मासि| 4177 10171 2006-02-05T09:30:05Z Vavasthi 143 /* आग्नेय काण्डम्, प्रथम प्रपाठकः */ सामवेद चारों वेदों में आकार की दृष्टि से सबसे छोटा है और इसके १८७५ मन्त्रों में से ६९ को छोड़ कर सभी ऋगवेद के हैं। केवल १७ मन्त्र अथर्ववेद और यजुर्वेअद के पाये जाते हैं। फ़िर भी इसकी प्रतिष्ठा सर्वाधिक है। इसकी प्रतिस्ठा अधिक होने का एक कारण गीता में कृष्ण द्वारा 'वेदाना सामवेदोऽस्मि' भी है। सामबेद यद्यपि छोटा है परन्तु एक तरह से यह सभी वेदों का सार रूप है और सभी वेदों के चुने हुए अंश इसमें शामिल किये गये है। == पूर्वर्चिकः == == आग्नेय काण्डम्, प्रथम प्रपाठकः == == प्रथम दशति == 4178 10173 2006-02-05T09:31:44Z Vavasthi 143 == प्रथम प्रपाठकः == 4179 10177 2006-02-05T09:36:11Z Vavasthi 143 /* दशति */ == दशति == अग्न आ याहि वीतये गुणानो हव्यदातये। नि होता सत्सि बर्हिषि।१<br/> त्बमने यज्ञानाँ होता विश्वेषाँ हितः। देवेभिर्मानुषे जने।२<br/> अग्निं दूतं वृणीमहे होतारं विश्ववेदसम। अस्य यज्ञस्य सुक्रतुम्।३<br/> अग्निवृर्त्राणि जंघनद द्रविणस्युर्विपन्यया। समिद्धः शुक्र आहुतः।४<br/> प्रेस्ठं वो अतिथिँस्तुषे मित्रमिव प्रियम्। अग्ने रथं न वेद्दम्।५<br/> त्वं नो अग्ने महोभिः पाहि विश्वस्या अरातेः। उत द्विषो मर्त्यस्य। ६<br/> एह्यू षु व्रवाणि तेऽग्न इत्थेतरा गिरः। एभिर्वर्धास इन्दुभिः।७<br/> आ ते वत्सो मनो यमत्परमाच्चित्सधस्थात्। अग्ने त्वां कामये गिरा।८<br/> त्वामग्ने पुष्करादध्यथर्वा निरमन्थत। मूर्घ्नो वोश्वस्य वाघतः।९<br/> अग्ने विवस्वदा भरास्मभ्यमूतये महे|देवो ह्यसि नो द्दशे।१०<br/> == भवार्थ == इस दशति मे अग्नि देवता कि प्रर्थना की गयी है। यह कहा गया है कि अग्नि देवता ही सभी यज्ञों को संपन्न करने वाले है। अग्नि देवता ही दुष्टों और अज्ञान रूपी अन्धकार को दूर करने वाले हैं। 4180 10179 2006-02-05T10:06:34Z Vavasthi 143 == दशति == नमस्ते अग्न ओजसे गृणन्ति देव कृष्टयः। अमैरमित्रमर्दय।१<br /> दूतं वो विश्ववेदसँ हव्यवाहममर्त्यम्। यहिष्ठमृञ्जसे गिरा।२<br /> उप त्वा जामयो गिरो देदिशतीर्हविष्कृतः। वायोरनीके अस्थिरन्।३<br /> उप त्वाग्ने दिवेदिवे दोषावस्तर्धिया वयम्। नमो भरन्त एमसि।४<br /> जराबोध तद्वितिड्‍ढि विशेविशे यज्ञियाय। स्तोमँ रुद्राय द्दशीकम्।५<br /> प्रति त्यं चारुमध्वरं गोपीथाय प्र हूयसे। मरुद्‍भिरग्न आ गहि।६<br /> अश्वं न त्वा वार्वन्तं वन्दध्या अग्निं नमोभिः। सम्राजन्तमध्वराणाम्।७<br /> और्वभृगुवच्छुचिमप्नवानवदा हुवे। अग्निँ समुद्रवाससम्।८<br /> अग्निमिन्धानो मनसा धियँ सचेत मर्त्यः। अग्निमिन्धे विवस्वभिः।९<br /> आदित् प्रत्नस्त्य रेतसो ज्योतिः पश्यन्ति वासरम्। परो यदिध्यते दिवि।१०<br/> == भावार्थ == इस दशति में अग्नि की अर्चना जारी रखते हुए अग्नि के गुणगान में यह कहा गया है कि अग्नि यज्ञ के साधन के रूप में हविवाहक और देवताओं के दूत के रूप में है। अग्नि से यह प्रार्थना की जाती है कि अग्नि यज्ञ के संपन्न होने के निये मंडप मे प्रकट हो। 4187 sysop 10325 2006-03-28T06:31:14Z MediaWiki default Message name filter: 4188 sysop 10212 2006-02-26T02:04:11Z MediaWiki default Show only modified 4189 sysop 10685 2006-07-01T19:06:43Z MediaWiki default '''Warning:''' You are not logged in. 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Remember that custom .css and .js pages use a lowercase title, e.g. User:Foo/monobook.css as opposed to User:Foo/Monobook.css. 4213 sysop 10263 2006-02-26T02:04:13Z MediaWiki default You have new messages on $1 4214 10266 2006-02-28T17:17:57Z Gangleri 47 from [[en:template:babel-9]] {| name="userboxes" id="userboxes" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 1ex; width: 242px; border: 1px solid #99B3FF; clear: right" |- ! [[{{ns:project}}Babel]] |- | {{User {{{1}}}}} |- | {{User {{{2}}}}} |- | {{User {{{3}}}}} |- | {{User {{{4}}}}} |- | {{User {{{5}}}}} |- | {{User {{{6}}}}} |- | {{User {{{7}}}}} |- | {{User {{{8}}}}} |- | {{User {{{9}}}}} |- | style="text-align: center" | [[:Category:User languages|Search user languages]] |} 4215 10267 2006-02-28T17:18:42Z Gangleri 47 please protect this page against moves and edits - please read [[commons:Template talk:DIRMARK]] &lrm; 4217 10275 2006-03-02T17:29:34Z 24.113.36.16 india history ---- [[ ''== india rocks mah sox! =='']] 4218 10291 2006-03-08T15:18:28Z 198.150.162.9 hello from will peace 4220 10302 2006-03-13T18:29:57Z 69.226.215.54 Guru Dutta was a great artist in an actor, director and producer. 4224 10316 2006-03-24T03:56:21Z 203.163.140.201 आर्यभट: (जन्म ४७३) महान गणितज्ञ, ज्योतिर्विद्‌ च आसीत् । स: आर्यभटीयम् अरचयत्‌. 4226 sysop 10326 2006-03-28T06:31:14Z MediaWiki default Articles starting with ''$1'' 4227 sysop 10327 2006-03-28T06:31:15Z MediaWiki default Edit section: $1 4228 sysop 10329 2006-03-28T06:31:16Z MediaWiki default Hide results 4229 sysop 10332 2006-03-28T06:31:16Z MediaWiki default Please enter a comment below. 4230 sysop 10333 2006-03-28T06:31:16Z MediaWiki default '''Reminder:''' You have not provided an edit summary. 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It can only be one. Its manifestation is the world of plurality with its endless varieties of names and forms. Just as all forms that have been created from gold are also gold, so too the world of forms can only be His own manifestations. In fact, the effects have no existence apart from the cause. The finite alone can readily be comprehended, by the sense organs, the mind and the intellect of man, at his present “state” of consciousness. The attempt of the spiritual student is to transcend his present instruments of perception and awake to the Higher in Him, from where he can experience the one “objectless-Awareness”. This great reality behind the universe, though intimately experienced by the great Rishis, they were helpless in directly defining, explaining or demonstrating it to their students. All such indications, pointing out the infinite, through the world of manifested finite objects are his glory only. Each one of them is a “Glory” of the lord, which id considered in religious as a “sacred name” of the Lord. In short, these “Thousand Names of Vishnu” provide us with thousand clear arrows- marks rising from the known, indicating the unknown. Contemplation upon these can deepen our faith in, broaden our devotion to and steel our understanding of All-pervading Reality (Vishnu). The infinite is approached by the devotees (Bhaktas) through love (Bhakti) and by philosophers (Aachaaryas) through contemplation (Vichaara). The differences in their techniques of approach, are the essential differences ordered by the types of vehicle employed by them. The devotees approach the Temple of their love through the heart, while the philosophers storm the citadel of truth with reason and logic; they explore the Reality with the head. Whatever be the means employed, and the instruments pressed into service, till they reach the last lap of their pilgrimage, all seekers need, in one form or other, props (Aasraya) to maintain a continuous and efficient ply of their instruments of saadhana. The sahasranaama gives to them both, a thousand props: each phrase here as its appeal to the devotee, and each one of them has also a suggestion to rocket the contemplative intellect to sublime heights of understanding. Since the devotees have different forms to contemplate upon, according to the Lord of their heart we have different sahasranaamas available among us: Siva sahasranaama, Lalitaa sahasranaama, Sri Rama sahasranaama etc., to mention but a few. Of all of them, no doubt, Vishnu Sahasranaama is most popular one today among the Hindus. Acharya sankara reached the feet of his Guru, Sri Govindapaachaarya, and on the bank of Narmada, the Nambootiri-boy from kaaladi got initiated into the secrets of the Mahaavaakyas. At the end of his short but intense study, sankara, the inspired missionary, wanting to fulfill his glorious work, craved from the blessings of his teacher. Govindapa Acharya tested sankara by ordering him to write an exhaustive commentary (Bhaashya) upon the Vishnu Sahasranaama. He accomplished his great task and the very first work of the Upanishadic commentator, sankara, the greatst Hindu missionary of the 7 th century, thus came to see the light of the day. Govindaacharya, satisfied with the proficiency of the student blessed him and set him on the road of service and action. Earning the grace of the teacher and the blessings of the Lord Vishnu, Sri sankara inaugurated an incomparable revival movement of the decadent culture of the 7th century Hinduism. We shall here follow closely Sankara’s commentary and also draw our material from the Puranic literature that has an endless store of appeal to the hearts of all devotees. There are, no doubt, slight differences here and there between the texts now popular in the north and the south. These different versions are of no consequence at all. Similarly, we find very slight differences in the ritualism generally adopted before starting the chanting of or “Archanaa” with the Vishnu Sahasranaama. The Vishnu Sahasranaama was composed by Sri Veda Vyaasa, the author of the Puraanas, and we meet this great chant in his classical work, the Mahaabaarata, Prince Yudhisthira, the eldest of the pandavas, at the end of the war approached Bheeshma Pitaamaha, when the mighty grandsire of the Kuru family was lying on the bed of arrows, unconquered and in conquerable, awaiting the scared hour of his departure to the feet of the lord. Yudhishthira, the righteous, asked six questions, Bheeshma, the constant devotee of Krishna, the gigantic Man of Action, calmly answered them all. This is how we find the “Thousand Names of Lord Vishnu” introduced in the immortal classic of the Hindus, the Mahaabaarata. Yudhishthira, as a righteous man of spiritual inclination, with the mortal integrity of a careful mortal, asks quite an interesting set of questions which are typical queries which the heart of seekers will always ask. Question 1. Kim ekam daivatam loke? Who is the greatest Lord in the world? Answer 1. Pavitraanaam pavitram yo Mangalaanaam cha mangalam Daivatam devataanam cha Bhootaanam yo avyayah pitaa. He who is very sanctity which sanctifies all scared things; he who is most auspicious; he who is the god of gods; he who is the eternal father of all creatures is the one god – VISHNU. Question 2. Kim vaapyekam paraayanam? Who is the one refuge for all? Answer 2. Paramam yo mahat-tejah Paramam yo mahat-tapah Paramam yo mahat-brahma Paramam yah paraayanam. He who is the great effulgence; He who is the Great controller; He who is the Supreme All-Pervading Truth; he who is the Highest (Param) Goal (Ayanam)-the Lord Vishnu. Question 3. Stuvantam kam praapnuyuh Maanavah subham? By glorifying whom can man reach the Auspiciousness (peace and prosperity)? Answer 3. Jagat-prabhum deva-devam Anantam purushottamam Stuvan naama-sahasrena Purushah satatotthitah. The supreme Purusha, who is ever up and dong for the welfare of all, the Lord of the world the endless – Sri Maha Vishnu. Question 4. Kam archantah praapnuyuh Maanavaah subham? By worshipping whom can a man reach auspiciousness (peace and prosperity)? Answer 4. Tameva cha archayan nityam Bhaktyaa purusham avyayam Stuvan naama-sahasrena Purushah satatthitah. By meditating upon, by worshipping and by prostrating at the same Purusha, man can reach true Auspiciousness. Question 5. Ko dharmah sarva-dharmaanaam Bhavatah paramo matah? What is, in thy opinion, the Greatest Dharma? Question 6. Kim japan muchyate jantuh Janma-samsaara-bandhaaat? By doing japa of what can “creatures” (jantu) go beyond the bonds of samsara? Answers 5&6. A naadi-nidhanam vishnum Sarvaloka-maheshvaram Lokaadhyaksham stuvan nityam Sarva-duhkha-atigo bhavet. Both questions are answered here: - the greatest Dharma is the one Vishnu, who has neither a beginning (Aadi) nor an end (Nidhanam), the supreme Lord of the world. All creatures can go beyond the bonds of samsar, “and he goes beyond all sorrows” who daily chants the sahasranaamas and within glorifies “the knower of the world” (Lokaadhyaksha). The supreme is described as that from which the whole world of names and forms had risen in the beginning of the creation, that in which the world continues to exit, that into which alone the world can merge back during the ‘Dissolution’ (Pralaya); this supreme is VISHNU. After thus answering all questions, “His thousand Name”, said Bheeshma, “I shall now advise you. Please listen to them with all attention”. This is how the Sacred Hymn, called as “The thousand names of Lord Vishnu”, is introduced in the Mahaabhaarata. The Supreme cannot be defined and since He is the very substratum of all qualities, He cannot be denominated by any name, or indicated by any term, or defined in any language, or ever expressed, even vaguely, in any literary form. He is beyond both the “Known” and the “Unknown”. He is the very illumining Principle of Consciousness that illuminates all experiences. And yet He has many manifestations and, therefore, He can have infinite names in terms of His manifestations. Definitions should directly describe the thing defined, and here we have a thousand indirect definitions with which the Real, the Infinite is being indicated in terms of the unreal and the finite. These “Thousand names of the Lord” have been coined and given out by the Rishis. They were collected and strung together into a joyous Hymn to Vishnu, a garland of devotion and reverence, by the poet-seer Vyaasa. Since each of them is thus an indicative definition of the unknown in terms of the known, each term here can rocket-us up into the realms of the divine experience, only when we have lifted our minds towards it through contemplation. Thus the Vishnu Sahasranaama is employed not only by the devotees, in the sweet attitude of ‘sporting with the Lord’, but these are also employed by the contemplative students of philosophy, as gliders to roam in the realms of inspired Higher Consciousness. In the Kali-Santarana Upanishad, which is one of the minor Upanishads, we find the great devotee Naarada approaching Brahmaaji to enquire what is the way out for man to evolve in these hard days of extrovertedness, which is quite natural and unavoidable in the Iron-age (Kaliyuga).”Repetition of the names of Naaraayana is sufficient enough”, was the reply given. It is to be carefully noted here that in the sixth question the enquiry was how can ‘creatures’ realise the Highest. Jantu means ‘that which is born’ (Janana-dharman). So all living creatures are fit for this easy path. ‘Creatures’ could even include the animal kingdom as it is described in the Puraanas in their own poetic language. In the Trikutaachala lake, the elephant that was caught by the crocodile is described as having been saved by the Lord (Gajendra Moksha). The story of Jadabharata is yet another example. Sankara in his commentary describes here Japa as comprehensive of all the three types. (A) That which can be heard by others; (B) That which is heard by ourselves; (C) That which is mental. Vishnu Sahasranaama can be employed in performing Japa of all these three kinds. In the following “Thousand Names”, we meet with, though rarely, some repetitions. Exactly 90 names have been repeated in this Great Hymn; and of them, 74 are repeated twice, 14 are repeated thrice, and again 2 of them are found to have been repeated four times. Sometimes, the terms are repeated as such Vishnu- Vishnu, Siva-Siva etc. and sometimes different words with the same meaning are also employed (Sreepati- Maadhava; Pushkaraaksha- Kamalaaksha). These need not be considered as a defect, since this Hymn is a chant of His Glory .In a chant of glory (stuti) repetitions are acceptable-it is but a style of the emotional heart to repeat its declarations of love. VISHNU SAHASRANAAM There are exactly 1,031 single “Names” of the Lord in the 1000-Name-Chant (Sahasranaama). The extra 31 Names are to be considered each as an adjective qualifying (Viseshana) the immediately following noun. When one makes Archanaa to the Lord the correct dative case is to be used. There are 20 double-names in the first 500 Names and 11 double-names in the second half of the chant. There is one indeclinable (Avyaya) word used, and it (896th) should be used in the dative for Archanaa as Sanaat Namah; so too the 929th Name in the chant, being a plural noun, should be used in Archanaa as Sadbhyo Namah. It will also be found, as we study the significances of these Divine names, that Vyaasa has employed sometimes masculine gender, on other occasions feminine gender and some other times even neuter gender. Wherever it is masculine. it denotes Vishnu, the Lord of Lakshmi. and when it is feminine it is indicative of His Might. Glory or power (devataa) that is manifest everywhere, and when the term is in neuter gender, it means Pure Brahman, the infinite Reality. This Archanaa is generally performed by devotees daily; if this is not convenient they perform this worship at least on their own birth-days, on eclipse days and on the day on which the Sun moves from one zodiac to another (the Samkraanti-day). This performance has been prescribed by the Sastra for warding off troubles arising from the position of planets, anger of the rulers, incurable diseases and ruthless enemies. The highest effect is for purifying the mind and thus gaining more and more inner-poise for the Saadhaka in meditation. INSTALLATION OF THE LORD All ritualisms start in Hinduism with a beautiful function-the installation of the Lord in the devotee’s own physical form. This is technically called as Anga-Nyaasa and Kara-Nyaasa. The “Installation in the Limbs”, and the “Installation in the Palm”. This is a method by which the seeker with wilful thoughts and deliberate physical signs sanctifies himself to be a Divine Temple and installs various sacred deities in himself. This helps the student to realise that though he is worshipping the Lord as a Goal (or an Ideal) other than himself (bheda or anya), in fact, he is to seek his identity with no traces of differentiation (Abheda or Ananya), between himself and the Lord. The final realization is a perfect identity indicated in the Mahaavaakya. “I am Brahman”. (Aham Brahmaasmi). Neither in the Northern texts nor in the original Mahaabhaarata do we find this ‘subjective installation ceremony’ (Anga-Nyaasa) prescribed. However, pundits of ritualism in the South employ the Anga-Nyaasa; and it being such a beautiful act, so very helpful to the seekers, we give here below the most popular one practised widely in the South. This “Installation Ceremony” declares to the devotees that the enchanting form of Vishnu is to be ultimately realised as One Infinite Reality without names or forms-in which the recognition of even the distinction of the meditator-meditated- meditation is to cease. Beside this deep significance, even though it be only for the time being, the student is also given a temporary sense of purity and sanctity in himself. Just as a devotee feels highly inspired in the divine atmosphere of a sacred temple, so too, after the Anga-Nyaasa, however shattered we might have been, before we entered the Pooja-room, we can artificially work ourselves up into a divine mood of peace and purity. The body itself is rendered as the temple of the Lord, wherein the various limbs become the altars upon which, with a heart of love and faith, the devotee invokes and installs various deities. In this process, in order to bring the full blast of the sacred suggestions to him, the repetition of each of these mantras is emphasised by a corresponding physical sign. The idea is only, as we have already explained, to establish the correct mood for devoted contemplation. A. asya Vishnu-sahasranaama-stotrasya veda-vyaasa Rishih For this sacred chant, the “Thousand Names of Lord Vishnu”, Sri Veda Vyaasa is the Rishi. Great mantras of deep spiritual significance and sublime Vedic dignity are not mere poetic compositions by mortal fallible intellects. When a. mastermind through meditation transcends the lower levels of his personality and soars into the higher mental altitudes, through his contemplation, there he ‘receives’ certain ‘revelations’ which are faithfully repeated by them to the world. Such ‘heard’ statements (Srutam) alone have the power to stand against the onslaught of the intellect, the ravages of time, the forces of criticism etc. Such statements when contemplated upon by lesser seekers, they too, in the spiritual cadence of these mantras, get unconsciously uplifted into realms unknown, and there they come to live a world of experiences unfrequented by the ordinary multitudes. The ‘author of the mantra’ is thus termed in our Vedas as the ‘Seer’ (Mantra- Drashtaa). Such Rishis themselves admit that they did not manufacture, compose or create the mantra, but they had a revelation or vision (Darsanam) of the mantra. The Mantra- Drashtaa, the Rishi, is the guru of the seeker, who is seeking his path with the help of that particular mantra. The Rishi of a mantra is installed at the roof of the head and the seeker, in his seat of Vishnu-Sahasranaama-chanting, first of all chants this mantra in his mind, and, with his right-hand thumb, middle-finger and ring-finger touches the top of his head. B. Anushtup Chandah The metre in which the revealed mantra comes to the teacher is also mentioned because it orders the discipline that should be followed while chanting the mantra. Anushtup is the name of the particular metre in which this thousand-name- chant on Vishnu is sung. The chant is to come out through the mouth, and therefore, the ‘altar of the metre’ can be only the mouth. The fingers that were touching the roof of the head now come down to touch significantly the lips, when the mantra ‘B’ is repeated in the mind by the seeker. C. Sri Vishvaroopo Mahaavishnur-Devataa Lord Vishnu of the form of the entire universe of variegated names and forms (Vishva-roopah) is the deity of the mantra. Vishnu is the theme of the chant. The Lord of Vaikuntha is the altar at which the devotee is preparing to offer himself in humble dedication and utter surrender. Since Lord Vishnu is, to the devotee, the Lord of his heart, the very centre of his personality, while chanting mentally the mantra 'C' the student, with all sincerity and devotion, installs the Lord in his heart, bringing the fingers from the lips down to touch the centre of his bosom. D. Devakee-nandanah srashteti Saktih Every deity is a manifestation of the mighty Omnipotency of the Supreme. The creator and sustainer (Srashtaa) of Dharma, the son of Devaki (Devakeenandana), is the manifested power of the Almighty. This creative power of righteous- ness and peace is installed at the navel (naabhi) point, and, therefore, the fingers come down from the heart region to the navel. E. Sankha-bhrit nandakee chakree iti Keelakam The mighty Creative Power invoked and established on the navel region cannot be as such conceived by the mind. Therefore, to ‘nail’ it down (Keelakam) and establish it in our comprehension, this mantra conceives the Power as the Lord, who bears the Conch, the Sword, named Nandaka, and the Discus. This is only to show how the total cosmic Power, expressed in terms of our present understanding as creation, sustenance, and destruction, is but a manifestation of the Lord. The conch (Sankha) represents the ‘call’ of the Reality, the Lord’s own declarations stated in the scriptures. Nandaka, the sword that punishes to bring joy (Nandana) into the community and the destruction, without which evolution is impossible, is represented by the concept of the Discus (Chakra). Here it is also to be noted that the blowing or the conch represents speech; wielding the sword represents action and the discus that takes off from Him at His will, represents his thoughts. Thus this great Power installed at the navel expresses itself in the world through speech, action and thought. To conceive fully this form is to hold firmly the Lord’s own feet, and, therefore, when this mantra is mentally chanted, the fingers move away from the navel, and with both hands the seeker touches his own feet. Here it is to be carefully noted how the Guru is kept at the roof of the head, the Veda in the mouth, the Lord in the heart, the Power in the navel and, thereby, the seeker himself becomes so sacred that he prostrates unto himself by holding his own feet. Can there be a better method of preparing the devotee to realize ultimately his identity with the Lord? F. Saarnga-dhanvaa-gadaa-dhara iti Astram Whenever there is a large wealth in a box it becomes a treasure and it is locked and safely protected; when this divine installation has taken place, and therefore, the body has become the Temple of the Almighty, and therefore, it has become a scared treasure house to be protected. But the seeker himself has no power to protect, and so, he invokes the very weapon (Astra) of Vishnu, the protector of the world, to stand by for the defence of the sanctified bosom. Saarga is the name of the Bow (Dhanus) of Vishnu and the Mace (Gadaa) is another of his weapons. These two form the artillery of defence; which are manned by the Lord himself. At this moment when this mantra is mentally chanted, it is significant that the student lifts the palm away from the feet, and with the stretched out index and middle fingers of the right palm snaps them on the open left palm. G. Rathaangapaanir-akshobhya iti Netram Lord Vishnu as Lord Krishna played the part of the charioteer and gained the name “Rein-handed” (Rathaangapaani). A charioteer has to guide every step of every horse in order that the chariot be safe, and the travel be pleasant. Of the sense organs eyes are the most powerful and once they are well guided, all others also follow their heels. When Lord Vishnu, the charioteer, Himself is installed in the eyes, the individual is safe in his spiritual pilgrimage. Therefore, invoking the Divine Driver, with reins in his hand (Rathaangapaani), He is installed in the pair of eyes, and at the moment of mentally chanting this, both the eyes are touched by the tip of the fingers. H. Trisaamaa saamagah saameti Kavacham He (Tri-Saamaa) who is glorified by all the three type, of Saama songs (Deva-Vrata-Prokta), He who is the very theme that is glorified by the Saama songs (Saamagah), He whose glory itself is the manifested Sama Veda (Saama), He is none other than the Supreme This great Lord is installed a, an armour to wear for self-protection While chanting this in the mind the seeker first touches with the tip of his finger, of each arm, the same shoulders, and afterwards crosses the arm, in front of him making fingers of each palm touch the other shoulder-as if he is actually wrapping himself and wearing the divine armour. I. Anandam brahmeti Yonih The Supreme Brahman, the Infinite Bliss is the very womb (Yonih) from which the universe has emerged out. The procreated world of endless variety has only one Eternal Father, and this source is immaculate Bliss. When this is chanted the seeker installs the Bliss Infinite at the very place of procreation in himself. It is a spot in this great divine temple of the body, wherein is the one source, from which the world has emerged out, manifesting itself as the power of procreation (Taittireeya). J. Visvaroopa iti Dhyaanam The entire band of experience gained through the instruments of the body, mind and intellect in terms of perceptions, emotions and thoughts together is indicated by the term Visva. He, who has manifested to be the total world of experiences (Visva), must therefore be Visvaroopah. The cosmic form of the Lord (Visvaroopa) is the total universe. Thus to meditate (Dhyaanam) upon Him as the whole universe, is a method of installing Him in our intellect. At this moment the student locks his fingers and sits in meditation. K. Ritam sundarasnah kaala iti Dikbandhah Truth (Ritam), the lord, and his weapon, the discus, called Sudarsana, and his annihilating power, Time (Kaala)-these three are the mighty forces that guard this scared temple of life in the seeker at the outer frontier of his world of influence (Dik-Bandhah). To be truthful and ever to seek the great Reality (Ritam), to discriminate and see the play of the Lord in all situations (Su-Darsanam), and to control the very instrument of the time (Kaala), which is intellect in the seeker, is to guard the frontiers of one’s spiritual world, against the hoards of inimical forces. At this moment the student snaps his middle finger with the help of his thumb and runs his palm around his head. After all, the universe dwells in our own concept. L. Sree-mahaa-vishnu-preetyarthe jape Viniyogah Having thus installed through sankalpa the Lord in himself and having come under the protecting wings of the mighty lord, here is the declaration how he is going to employ himself in it. He is going to engage himself (Viniyoga) in japa (jape) of the “Thousand Names of Lord”. Now the question is: with what motive should be undertake this chanting? The answer is in the very statement that it is only for the grace (Preetyarthe) of Sree Maha Vishnu. After chanting this declaration in the mind, the saadhaka, takes a spoon of water (Teertham) in his right palm and pours it on the floor in front of him. A true seeker is not desire-ridden for material satisfaction, and, therefore, he can have only one intention-the grace of lord, which will manifest in him as contemplative power. These twelve ‘slogans’ are chanted for invoking and installing these refreshing and spiritually benign ideas on the limbs of the devotee himself. At this juncture this makes him inspired sufficiently for higher meditation upon the truth as indicated and directed by the thousand terms in Sahasranaama. This beautiful subjective ritual is known as ‘Installation on the limbs’ (Anganyaasa). Not only that the student temporarily discovers a new surge of inspiration, but even beginners feel highly relived, at least temporarily, from the load of his senses of ‘sins’. When this is properly performed with a right attitude and devotion, to an extent the student gains identification (saaroopya) with the Lord of his heart, at least at the outer levels of his personality. THE MEDITATION STANZA saantaakaaram bhujaga-sayanam padmanaabham suresam visvaadhaaram gagana-sadrisam megha-varnam subha-angam yogibhir-dhyaana-gamyam vande vishnum bhava-bhaya-haram sarva-lokaika-naatham. “We meditate upon the master of the universe, lord Vishnu, who is ever peaceful, who lies on the great serpent-bed, from whose navel springs the lotus of the creative power, who is the controller of the gods, whose form is the entire universe, who is all pervading as the sky, of the hue of the cloud, of fascinating beauty, the lord of Laksmi, the lotus eyed, he who dwells in the hearts of the yogis and who can be approached and perceived through meditation, he who is the destroyer of the fear of samsara.” This is the meditation upon the form of the lord, visualising Him thus in His, all-Comprehensive nature, and meditating upon Him, the seeker starts the vishnu-sahasranaama chanting. 4264 11548 2006-11-04T05:02:32Z DaGizza 117 stub {{stub}} 4265 10381 2006-04-07T17:44:00Z Id 19 4266 10387 2006-04-12T13:53:20Z 80.186.227.15 bnvhghfd 4267 11061 2006-08-17T13:30:47Z Murtasa 17 + en Hymns 1-191 1 अग्निमीळे पुरोहितं यज्ञस्य देवं रत्वीजम | होतारं रत्नधातमम || अग्निः पूर्वेभिर्र्षिभिरीड्यो नूतनैरुत | स देवानेह वक्षति || अग्निना रयिमश्नवत पोषमेव दिवे-दिवे | यशसं वीरवत्तमम || अग्ने यं यज्ञमध्वरं विश्वतः परिभूरसि | स इद्देवेषु गछति || अग्निर्होता कविक्रतुः सत्यश्चित्रश्रवस्तमः | देवो देवेभिरा गमत || यदङग दाशुषे तवमग्ने भद्रं करिष्यसि | तवेत तत सत्यमङगिरः || उप तवाग्ने दिवे-दिवे दोषावस्तर्धिया वयम | नमो भरन्त एमसि || राजन्तमध्वराणां गोपां रतस्य दीदिविम | वर्धमानंस्वे दमे || स नः पितेव सूनवे.अग्ने सूपायनो भव | सचस्वा नः सवस्तये || 2 वायवा याहि दर्शतेमे सोमा अरंक्र्ताः | तेषां पाहि शरुधी हवम || वाय उक्थेभिर्जरन्ते तवामछा जरितारः | सुतसोमा अहर्विदः || वायो तव परप्र्ञ्चती धेना जिगाति दाशुषे | उरूची सोमपीतये || इन्द्रवायू इमे सुता उप परयोभिरा गतम | इन्दवो वामुशन्ति हि || वायविन्द्रश्च चेतथः सुतानां वाजिनीवसू | तावा यातमुप दरवत || वायविन्द्रश्च सुन्वत आ यातमुप निष्क्र्तम | मक्ष्वित्था धिया नरा || मित्रं हुवे पूतदक्षं वरुणं च रिशादसम | धियं घर्ताचीं साधन्ता || रतेन मित्रावरुणाव रताव्र्धाव रतस्प्र्शा | करतुं बर्हन्तमाशाथे || कवी नो मित्रावरुणा तुविजाता उरुक्षया | दक्षं दधाते अपसम || 3 अश्विना यज्वरीरिषो दरवत्पाणी शुभस पती | पुरुभुजाचनस्यतम || अश्विना पुरुदंससा नरा शवीरया धिया | धिष्ण्या वनतं गिरः || दस्रा युवाकवः सुता नासत्या वर्क्तबर्हिषः | आ यातंरुद्रवर्तनी || इन्द्रा याहि चित्रभानो सुता इमे तवायवः | अण्वीभिस्तना पूतासः || इन्द्रा याहि धियेषितो विप्रजूतः सुतावतः | उप बरह्माणि वाघतः || इन्द्रा याहि तूतुजान उप बरह्माणि हरिवः | सुते दधिष्वनश्चनः || ओमासश्चर्षणीध्र्तो विश्वे देवास आ गत | दाश्वांसो दाशुषः सुतम || विश्वे देवासो अप्तुरः सुतमा गन्त तूर्णयः | उस्रा इवस्वसराणि || विश्वे देवासो अस्रिध एहिमायासो अद्रुहः | मेधं जुषन्त वह्नयः || पावका नः सरस्वती वाजेभिर्वाजिनीवती | यज्ञं वष्टु धियावसुः || चोदयित्री सून्र्तानां चेतन्ती सुमतीनाम | यज्ञं दधे सरस्वती || महो अर्णः सरस्वती पर चेतयति केतुना | धियो विश्वा वि राजति || 4 सुरूपक्र्त्नुमूतये सुदुघामिव गोदुहे | जुहूमसि दयवि-दयवि || उप नः सवना गहि सोमस्य सोमपाः पिब | गोदा इद रेवतोमदः || अथा ते अन्तमानां विद्याम सुमतीनाम | मा नो अति खय आगहि || परेहि विग्रमस्त्र्तमिन्द्रं पर्छा विपश्चितम | यस्ते सखिभ्य आ वरम || उत बरुवन्तु नो निदो निरन्यतश्चिदारत | दधाना इन्द्र इद दुवः || उत नः सुभगानरिर्वोचेयुर्दस्म कर्ष्टयः | सयामेदिन्द्रस्य शर्मणि || एमाशुमाशवे भर यज्ञश्रियं नर्मादनम | पतयन मन्दयत्सखम || अस्य पीत्वा शतक्रतो घनो वर्त्राणामभवः | परावो वाजेषु वाजिनम || तं तवा वाजेषु वाजिनं वाजयामः शतक्रतो | धनानामिन्द्र सातये || यो रायो.अवनिर्महान सुपारः सुन्वतः सखा | तस्मा इन्द्राय गायत || 5 आ तवेता नि षीदतेन्द्रमभि पर गायत | सखाय सतोमवाहसः || पुरूतमं पुरूणामीशानं वार्याणाम | इन्द्रं सोमे सचा सुते || स घा नो योग आ भुवत स राये स पुरन्ध्याम | गमद वाजेभिरा स नः || यस्य संस्थे न वर्ण्वते हरी समत्सु शत्रवः | तस्मा इन्द्राय गायत || सुतपाव्ने सुता इमे शुचयो यन्ति वीतये | सोमासो दध्याशिरः || तवं सुतस्य पीतये सद्यो वर्द्धो अजायथाः | इन्द्र जयैष्ठ्याय सुक्रतो || आ तवा विशन्त्वाशवः सोमास इन्द्र गिर्वणः | शं ते सन्तु परचेतसे || तवां सतोमा अवीव्र्धन तवामुक्था शतक्रतो | तवां वर्धन्तु नो गिरः || अक्षितोतिः सनेदिमं वाजमिन्द्रः सहस्रिणम | यस्मिन विश्वानि पौंस्या || मा नो मर्ता अभि दरुहन तनूनामिन्द्र गिर्वणः | ईशानो यवया वधम || 6 युञ्जन्ति बरध्नमरुषं चरन्तं परि तस्थुषः | रोचन्तेरोचना दिवि || युञ्जन्त्यस्य काम्या हरी विपक्षसा रथे | शोणा धर्ष्णू नर्वाहसा || केतुं कर्ण्वन्नकेतवे पेशो मर्या अपेशसे | समुषद्भिरजायथाः || आदह सवधामनु पुनर्गर्भत्वमेरिरे | दधाना नामयज्ञियम || वीळु चिदारुजत्नुभिर्गुहा चिदिन्द्र वह्निभिः | अविन्द उस्रिया अनु || देवयन्तो यथा मतिमछा विदद्वसुं गिरः | महामनूषत शरुतम || इन्द्रेण सं हि दर्क्षसे संजग्मानो अबिभ्युषा | मन्दू समानवर्चसा || अनवद्यैरभिद्युभिर्मखः सहस्वदर्चति | गणैरिन्द्रस्य काम्यैः || अतः परिज्मन्ना गहि दिवो वा रोचनादधि | समस्मिन्न्र्ञ्जते गिरः || इतो वा सातिमीमहे दिवो वा पार्थिवादधि | इन्द्रं महोवा रजसः || 7 इन्द्रमिद गाथिनो बर्हदिन्द्रमर्केभिरर्किणः | इन्द्रं वाणीरनूषत || इन्द्र इद धर्योः सचा सम्मिश्ल आ वचोयुजा | इन्द्रो वज्रीहिरण्ययः || इन्द्रो दीर्घाय चक्षस आ सूर्यं रोहयद दिवि | वि गोभिरद्रिमैरयत || इन्द्र वाजेषु नो.अव सहस्रप्रधनेषु च | उग्र उग्राभिरूतिभिः || इन्द्रं वयं महाधन इन्द्रमर्भे हवामहे | युजं वर्त्रेषु वज्रिणम || स नो वर्षन्नमुं चरुं सत्रादावन्नपा वर्धि | अस्मभ्यमप्रतिष्कुतः || तुञ्जे-तुञ्जे य उत्तरे सतोमा इन्द्रस्य वज्रिणः | न विन्धेस्य सुष्टुतिम || वर्षा यूथेव वंसगः कर्ष्टीरियर्त्योजसा | ईशानो अप्रतिष्कुतः || य एकश्चर्षणीनां वसूनामिरज्यति | इन्द्रः पञ्च कसितीनाम || इन्द्रं वो विश्वतस परि हवामहे जनेभ्यः | अस्माकमस्तु केवलः || 8 एन्द्र सानसिं रयिं सजित्वानं सदासहम | वर्षिष्ठमूतये भर || नि येन मुष्टिहत्यया नि वर्त्रा रुणधामहै | तवोतासो नयर्वता || इन्द्र तवोतास आ वयं वज्रं घना ददीमहि | जयेम सं युधि सप्र्धः || वयं शूरेभिरस्त्र्भिरिन्द्र तवया युजा वयम | सासह्याम पर्तन्यतः || महानिन्द्रः परश्च नु महित्वमस्तु वज्रिणे | दयौर्नप्रथिना शवः || समोहे वा य आशत नरस्तोकस्य सनितौ | विप्रासो वा धियायवः || यः कुक्षिः सोमपातमः समुद्र इव पिन्वते | उर्वीरापो न काकुदः || एवा हयस्य सून्र्ता विरप्शी गोमती मही | पक्वा शाखा न दाशुषे || एवा हि ते विभूतय ऊतय इन्द्र मावते | सद्यश्चित सन्तिदाशुषे || एवा हयस्य काम्या सतोम उक्थं च शंस्या | इन्द्राय सोमपीतये || 9 इन्द्रेहि मत्स्यन्धसो विश्वेभिः सोमपर्वभिः | महानभिष्टिरोजसा || एमेनं सर्जता सुते मन्दिमिन्द्राय मन्दिने | चक्रिं विश्वानि चक्रये || मत्स्वा सुशिप्र मन्दिभिः सतोमेभिर्विश्वचर्षणे | सचैषुसवनेष्वा || अस्र्ग्रमिन्द्र ते गिरः परति तवामुदहासत | अजोषा वर्षभं पतिम || सं चोदय चित्रमर्वाग राध इन्द्र वरेण्यम | असदित ते विभु परभु || अस्मान सु तत्र चोदयेन्द्र राये रभस्वतः | तुविद्युम्न यशस्वतः || सं गोमदिन्द्र वाजवदस्मे पर्थु शरवो बर्हत | विश्वायुर्धेह्यक्षितम || अस्मे धेहि शरवो बर्हद दयुम्नं सहस्रसातमम | इन्द्र ता रथिनीरिषः || वसोरिन्द्रं वसुपतिं गीर्भिर्ग्र्णन्त रग्मियम | होम गन्तारमूतये || सुते-सुते नयोकसे बर्हद बर्हत एदरिः | इन्द्राय शूषमर्चति || 10 गायन्ति तवा गायत्रिणो.अर्चन्त्यर्कमर्किणः | बरह्माणस्त्वा शतक्रत उद वंशमिव येमिरे || यत सानोः सानुमारुहद भूर्यस्पष्ट कर्त्वम | तदिन्द्रो अर्थं चेतति यूथेन वर्ष्णिरेजति || युक्ष्वा हि केशिना हरी वर्षणा कक्ष्यप्रा | अथा न इन्द्र सोमपा गिरामुपश्रुतिं चर || एहि सतोमानभि सवराभि गर्णीह्या रुव | बरह्म च नो वसोसचेन्द्र यज्ञं च वर्धय || उक्थमिन्द्राय शंस्यं वर्धनं पुरुनिष्षिधे | शक्रो यथा सुतेषु णो रारणत सख्येषु च || तमित सखित्व ईमहे तं राये तं सुवीर्ये | स शक्र उत नः शकदिन्द्रो वसु दयमानः || सुविव्र्तं सुनिरजमिन्द्र तवादातमिद यशः | गवामपव्रजं वर्धि कर्णुष्व राधो अद्रिवः || नहि तवा रोदसी उभे रघायमाणमिन्वतः | जेषः सवर्वतीरपः सं गा अस्मभ्यं धूनुहि || आश्रुत्कर्ण शरुधी हवं नू चिद दधिष्व मे गिरः | इन्द्र सतोममिमं मम कर्ष्वा युजश्चिदन्तरम || विद्मा हि तवा वर्षन्तमं वाजेषु हवनश्रुतम | वर्षन्तमस्य हूमह ऊतिं सहस्रसातमाम || आ तू न इन्द्र कौशिक मन्दसानः सुतं पिब | नव्यमायुःप्र सू तिर कर्धी सहस्रसां रषिम || परि तवा गिर्वणो गिर इमा भवन्तु विश्वतः | वर्द्धायुमनु वर्द्धयो जुष्टा भवन्तु जुष्टयः || 11 इन्द्रं विश्वा अवीव्र्धन समुद्रव्यचसं गिरः | रथीतमंरथीनां वाजानां सत्पतिं पतिम || सख्ये त इन्द्र वाजिनो मा भेम शवसस पते | तवामभि परणोनुमो जेतारमपराजितम || पूर्वीरिन्द्रस्य रातयो न वि दस्यन्त्यूतयः | यदी वाजस्य गोमत सतोत्र्भ्यो मंहते मघम || पुरां भिन्दुर्युवा कविरमितौजा अजायत | इन्द्रो विश्वस्यकर्मणो धर्ता वज्री पुरुष्टुतः || तवं वलस्य गोमतो.अपावरद्रिवो बिलम | तवां देवा अबिभ्युषस्तुज्यमानास आविषुः || तवाहं शूर रातिभिः परत्यायं सिन्धुमावदन | उपातिष्ठन्त गिर्वणो विदुष टे तस्य कारवः || मायाभिरिन्द्र मायिनं तवं शुष्णमवातिरः | विदुष टे तस्य मेधिरास्तेषां शरवांस्युत तिर || इन्द्रमीशानमोजसाभि सतोमा अनूषत | सहस्रं यस्य रातय उत वा सन्ति भूयसीः || 12 अग्निं दूतं वर्णीमहे होतारं विश्ववेदसम | अस्य यज्ञस्य सुक्रतुम || अग्निम-अग्निं हवीमभिः सदा हवन्त विश्पतिम | हव्यवाहं पुरुप्रियम || अग्ने देवानिहा वह जज्ञानो वर्क्तबर्हिषे | असि होता न ईड्यः || तानुशतो वि बोधय यदग्ने यासि दूत्यम | देवैरा सत्सि बर्हिषि || घर्ताहवन दीदिवः परति षम रिषतो दह | अग्ने तवं रक्षस्विनः || अग्निनाग्निः समिध्यते कविर्ग्र्हपतिर्युवा | हव्यवाड जुह्वास्यः || कविमग्निमुप सतुहि सत्यधर्माणमध्वरे | देवममीवचातनम || यस्त्वामग्ने हविष्पतिर्दूतं देव सपर्यति | तस्य सम पराविता भव || यो अग्निं देववीतये हविष्मानाविवासति | तस्मै पावक मर्ळय || स नः पावक दीदिवो.अग्ने देवानिहा वह | उप यज्ञं हविश्च नः || स न सतवान आ भर गायत्रेण नवीयसा | रयिं वीरवतीमिषम || अग्ने शुक्रेण शोचिषा विश्वाभिर्देवहूतिभिः | इमं सतोमं जुषस्व नः || 13 सुसमिद्धो न आ वह देवानग्ने हविष्मते | होतः पावक यक्षि च || मधुमन्तं तनूनपाद यज्ञं देवेषु नः कवे | अद्या कर्णुहि वीतये || नराशंसमिह परियमस्मिन यज्ञ उप हवये | मधुजिह्वंहविष्क्र्तम || अग्ने सुखतमे रथे देवानीळित आ वह | असि होता मनुर्हितः || सत्र्णीत बर्हिरानुषग घर्तप्र्ष्ठं मनीषिणः | यत्राम्र्तस्य चक्षणम || वि शरयन्तां रताव्र्धो दवारो देवीरसश्चतः | अद्या नूनं च यष्टवे || नक्तोषासा सुपेशसास्मिन यज्ञ उप हवये | इदं नो बर्हिरासदे || ता सुजिह्वा उप हवये होतारा दैव्या कवी | यज्ञं नो यक्षतामिमम || इळा सरस्वती मही तिस्रो देवीर्मयोभुवः | बर्हिः सीदन्त्वस्रिधः || इह तवष्टारमग्रियं विश्वरूपमुप हवये | अस्माकमस्तुकेवलः || अव सर्जा वनस्पते देव देवेभ्यो हविः | पर दातुरस्तु चेतनम || सवाहा यज्ञं कर्णोतनेन्द्राय यज्वनो गर्हे | तत्र देवानुप हवये || 14 ऐभिरग्ने दुवो गिरो विश्वेभिः सोमपीतये | देवेभिर्याहि यक्षि च || आ तवा कण्वा अहूषत गर्णन्ति विप्र ते धियः | देवेभिरग्न आ गहि || इन्द्रवायू बर्हस्पतिं मित्राग्निं पूषणं भगम | आदित्यान्मारुतं गणम || पर वो भरियन्त इन्दवो मत्सरा मादयिष्णवः | दरप्सा मध्वश्चमूषदः || ईळते तवामवस्यवः कण्वासो वर्क्तबर्हिषः | हविष्मन्तोरंक्र्तः || घर्तप्र्ष्ठा मनोयुजो ये तवा वहन्ति वह्नयः | आ देवान सोमपीतये || तान यजत्रान रताव्र्धो.अग्ने पत्नीवतस कर्धि | मध्वः सुजिह्व पायय || ये यजत्रा य ईड्यास्ते ते पिबन्तु जिह्वया | मधोरग्ने वषट्क्र्ति || आकीं सूर्यस्य रोचनाद विश्वान देवानुषर्बुधः | विप्रो होतेह वक्षति || विश्वेभिः सोम्यं मध्वग्न इन्द्रेण वायुना | पिबा मित्रस्य धामभिः || तवं होता मनुर्हितो.अग्ने यज्ञेषु सीदसि | सेमं नो अध्वरं यज || युक्ष्वा हयरुषी रथे हरितो देव रोहितः | ताभिर्देवानिहा वह || 15 इन्द्र सोमं पिब रतुना तवा विशन्त्विन्दवः | मत्सरासस्तदोकसः || मरुतः पिबत रतुना पोत्राद यज्ञं पुनीतन | यूयं हि षठा सुदानवः || अभि यज्ञं गर्णीहि नो गनावो नेष्टः पिब रतुना | तवंहि रत्नधा असि || अग्ने देवानिहा वह सादया योनिषु तरिषु | परि भूष पिब रतुना || बराह्मणादिन्द्र राधसः पिबा सोमं रतून्रनु | तवेद धि सख्यमस्त्र्तम || युवं दक्षं धर्तव्रत मित्रावरुण दूळभम | रतुना यज्ञमाशाथे || दरविणोदा दरविणसो गरावहस्तासो अध्वरे | यज्ञेषु देवमीळते || दरविणोदा ददातु नो वसूनि यानि शर्ण्विरे | देवेषु ता वनामहे || दरविणोदाः पिपीषति जुहोत पर च तिष्ठत | नेष्ट्राद रतुभिरिष्यत || यत तवा तुरीयं रतुभिर्द्रविणोदो यजामहे | अध समा नो ददिर्भव || अश्विना पिबतं मधु दीद्यग्नी शुचिव्रत | रतुना यज्ञवाहसा || गार्हपत्येन सन्त्य रतुना यज्ञनीरसि | देवान देवयते यज || 16 आ तवा वहन्तु हरयो वर्षणं सोमपीतये | इन्द्र तवा सूरचक्षसः || इमा धाना घर्तस्नुवो हरी इहोप वक्षतः | इन्द्रं सुखतमे रथे || इन्द्रं परातर्हवामह इन्द्रं परयत्यध्वरे | इन्द्रं सोमस्य पीतये || उप नः सुतमा गहि हरिभिरिन्द्र केशिभिः | सुते हि तवाहवामहे || सेमं न सतोमं आ गह्युपेदं सवनं सुतम | गौरो नत्र्षितः पिब || इमे सोमास इन्दवः सुतासो अधि बर्हिषि | तानिन्द्र सहसेपिब || अयं ते सतोमो अग्रियो हर्दिस्प्र्गस्तु शन्तमः | अथा सोमंसुतं पिब || विश्वमित सवनं सुतमिन्द्रो मदाय गछति | वर्त्रहा सोमपीतये || सेमं नः काममा पर्ण गोभिरश्वैः शतक्रतो | सतवाम तवा सवाध्यः || 17 इन्द्रावरुणयोरहं सम्राजोरव आ वर्णे | ता नो मर्ळातीद्र्शे || गन्तारा हि सथो.अवसे हवं विप्रस्य मावतः | धर्ताराचर्षणीनाम || अनुकामं तर्पयेथामिन्द्रावरुण राय आ | ता वां नेदिष्ठमीमहे || युवाकु हि शचीनां युवाकु सुमतीनाम | भूयाम वाजदाव्नाम || इन्द्रः सहस्रदाव्नां वरुणः शंस्यानाम | करतुर्भवत्युक्थ्यः || तयोरिदवसा वयं सनेम नि च धीमहि | सयादुत पररेचनम || इन्द्रावरुण वामहं हुवे चित्राय राधसे | अस्मान सु जिग्युषस कर्तम || इन्द्रावरुण नू नु वां सिषासन्तीषु धीष्वा | अस्मभ्यं शर्म यछतम || पर वामश्नोतु सुष्टुतिरिन्द्रावरुण यां हुवे | यां रधाथे सधस्तुतिम || 18 सोमानं सवरणं कर्णुहि बरह्मणस पते | कक्षीवन्तं याुशिजः || यो रेवान यो अमीवहा वसुवित पुष्टिवर्धनः | स नः सिषक्तु यस्तुरः || मा नः शंसो अररुषो धूर्तिः परणं मर्त्यस्य | रक्षा णो बरह्मणस पते || स घा वीरो न रिष्यति यमिन्द्रो बरह्मणस पतिः | सोमो हिनोति मर्त्यम || तवं तं बरह्मणस पते सोम इन्द्रश्च मर्त्यम | दक्षिणा पात्वंहसः || सदसस पतिमद्भुतं परियमिन्द्रस्य काम्यम | सनिं मेधामयासिषम || यस्माद रते न सिध्यति यज्ञो विपश्चितश्चन | स धीनां योगमिन्वति || आद रध्नोति हविष्क्र्तिं पराञ्चं कर्णोत्यध्वरम | होत्रा देवेषु गछति || नराशंसं सुध्र्ष्टममपश्यं सप्रथस्तमम | दिवो नसद्ममखसम || 19 परति तयं चारुमध्वरं गोपीथाय पर हूयसे | मरुद्भिरग्न आ गहि || नहि देवो न मर्त्यो महस्तव करतुं परः | म... || ये महो रजसो विदुर्विश्वे देवासो अद्रुहः | म... || य उग्रा अर्कमान्र्चुरनाध्र्ष्टास ओजसा | म... || ये शुभ्रा घोरवर्पसः सुक्षत्रासो रिशादसः | म... || ये नाकस्याधि रोचने दिवि देवास आसते | म... || य ईङखयन्ति पर्वतान तिरः समुद्रमर्णवम | म... || आ ये तन्वन्ति रश्मिभिस्तिरः समुद्रमोजसा | म... || अभि तवा पूर्वपीतये सर्जामि सोम्यं मधु | म... || 20 अयं देवाय जन्मने सतोमो विप्रेभिरासया | अकारि रत्नधातमः || य इन्द्राय वचोयुजा ततक्षुर्मनसा हरी | शमीभिर्यज्ञमाशत || तक्षन नासत्याभ्यां परिज्मानं सुखं रथम | तक्षन धेनुं सबर्दुघाम || युवाना पितरा पुनः सत्यमन्त्रा रजूयवः | रभवो विष्ट्यक्रत || सं वो मदासो अग्मतेन्द्रेण च मरुत्वता | आदित्येभिश्च राजभिः || उत तयं चमसं नवं तवष्टुर्देवस्य निष्क्र्तम | अकर्तचतुरः पुनः || ते नो रत्नानि धत्तन तरिरा साप्तानि सुन्वते | एकम-एकंसुशस्तिभिः || अधारयन्त वह्नयो.अभजन्त सुक्र्त्यया | भागं देवेषु यज्ञियम || 21 इहेन्द्राग्नी उप हवये तयोरित सतोममुश्मसि | ता सोमं सोमपातमा || ता यज्ञेषु पर शंसतेन्द्राग्नी शुम्भता नरः | ता गायत्रेषु गायत || ता मित्रस्य परशस्तय इन्द्राग्नी ता हवामहे | सोमपा सोमपीतये || उग्रा सन्ता हवामह उपेदं सवनं सुतम | इन्द्राग्नी एह गछताम || ता महान्ता सदस्पती इन्द्राग्नी रक्ष उब्जतम | अप्रजाःसन्त्वत्रिणः || तेन सत्येन जाग्र्तमधि परचेतुने पदे | इन्द्राग्नी शर्म यछतम || 22 परातर्युजा वि बोधयाश्विनावेह गछताम | अस्य सोमस्य पीतये || या सुरथा रथीतमोभा देवा दिविस्प्र्शा | अश्विना ता हवामहे || या वां कशा मधुमत्यश्विना सून्र्तावती | तया यज्ञं मिमिक्षतम || नहि वामस्ति दूरके यत्रा रथेन गछथः | अश्विना सोमिनो गर्हम || हिरण्यपाणिमूतये सवितारमुप हवये | स चेत्ता देवतापदम || अपां नपातमवसे सवितारमुप सतुहि | तस्य वरतान्युश्मसि || विभक्तारं हवामहे वसोश्चित्रस्य राधसः | सवितारंन्र्चक्षसम || सखाय आ नि षीदत सविता सतोम्यो नु नः | दाता राधांसि शुम्भति || अग्ने पत्नीरिहा वह देवानामुशतीरुप | तवष्टारं सोमपीतये || आ गना अग्न इहावसे होत्रां यविष्ठ भारतीम | वरूत्रीं धिषणां वह || अभी नो देवीरवसा महः शर्मणा नर्पत्नीः | अछिन्नपत्राः सचन्ताम || इहेन्द्राणीमुप हवये वरुणानीं सवस्तये | अग्नायीं सोमपीतये || मही दयौः पर्थिवी च न इमं यज्ञं मिमिक्षताम | पिप्र्तां नो भरीमभिः || तयोरिद घर्तवत पयो विप्रा रिहन्ति धीतिभिः | गन्धर्वस्य धरुवे पदे || सयोना पर्थिवि भवान्र्क्षरा निवेशनी | यछा नः शर्म सप्रथः || अतो देवा अवन्तु नो यतो विष्णुर्विचक्रमे | पर्थिव्याः सप्तधामभिः || इदं विष्णुर्वि चक्रमे तरेधा नि दधे पदम | समूळ्हमस्य पांसुरे || तरीणि पदा वि चक्रमे विष्णुर्गोपा अदाभ्यः | अतो धर्माणि धारयन || विष्णोः कर्माणि पश्यत यतो वरतानि पस्पशे | इन्द्रस्य युज्यः सखा || तद विष्णोः परमं पदं सदा पश्यन्ति सूरयः | दिवीव चक्षुराततम || तद विप्रासो विपन्यवो जाग्र्वांसः समिन्धते | विष्णोर्यत परमं पदम || 23 तीव्राः सोमास आ गह्याशीर्वन्तः सुता इमे | वायो तान परस्थितान पिब || उभा देवा दिविस्प्र्शेन्द्रवायू हवामहे | अस्य सोमस्य पीतये || इन्द्रवायू मनोजुवा विप्रा हवन्त ऊतये | सहस्राक्षा धियस पती || मित्रं वयं हवामहे वरुणं सोमपीतये | जज्ञाना पूतदक्षसा || रतेन याव रताव्र्धाव रतस्य जयोतिषस पती | ता मित्रावरुणा हुवे || वरुणः पराविता भुवन मित्रो विश्वाभिरूतिभिः | करतां नः सुराधसः || मरुत्वन्तं हवामह इन्द्रमा सोमपीतये | सजूर्गणेन तरिम्पतु || इन्द्रज्येष्ठा मरुद्गणा देवासः पूषरातयः | विश्वे मम शरुता हवम || हत वर्त्रं सुदानव इन्द्रेण सहसा युजा | मा नो दुःशंस ईशत || विश्वान देवान हवामहे मरुतः सोमपीतये | उग्रा हि पर्श्निमातरः || जयतामिव तन्यतुर्मरुतामेति धर्ष्णुया | यच्छुभं याथना नरः || हस्काराद विद्युतस पर्यतो जाता अवन्तु नः | मरुतो मर्ळयन्तु नः || आ पूषञ्चित्रबर्हिषमाघ्र्णे धरुणं दिवः | आजा नष्टं यथा पशुम || पूषा राजानमाघ्र्णिरपगूळ्हं गुहा हितम | अविन्दच्चित्रबर्हिषम || उतो स मह्यमिन्दुभिः षड युक्ताननुसेषिधत | गोभिर्यवं न चर्क्र्षत || अम्बयो यन्त्यध्वभिर्जामयो अध्वरीयताम | पर्ञ्चतीर्मधुना पयः || अमूर्या उप सूर्ये याभिर्वा सूर्यः सह | ता नो हिन्वन्त्वध्वरम || अपो देवीरुप हवये यत्र गावः पिबन्ति नः | सिन्दुभ्यः कर्त्वं हविः || अप्स्वन्तरम्र्तमप्सु भेषजमपामुत परशस्तये | देवाभवत वाजिनः || अप्सु मे सोमो अब्रवीदन्तर्विश्वानि भेषजा | अग्निं च विश्वशम्भुवमापश्च विश्वभेषजीः || आपः पर्णीत भेषजं वरूथं तन्वे मम | जयोक च सूर्यं दर्शे || इदमापः पर वहत यत किं च दुरितं मयि | यद वाहमभिदुद्रोह यद वा शेप उतान्र्तम || आपो अद्यान्वचारिषं रसेन समगस्महि | पयस्वानग्न आगहि तं मा सं सर्ज वर्चसा || सं माग्ने वर्चसा सर्ज सं परजया समायुषा | विद्युर्मेस्य देवा इन्द्रो विद्यात सह रषिभिः || 24 कस्य नूनं कतमस्याम्र्तानां मनामहे चारु देवस्य नाम | को नो मह्या अदितये पुनर्दात पितरं च दर्शेयं मातरं च || अग्नेर्वयं परथमस्याम्र्तानां मनामहे चारु देवस्य नाम | स नो मह्या अदितये पुनर्दात पितरं च दर्शेयं मातरं च || अभि तवा देव सवितरीशानं वार्याणाम | सदावन भागमीमहे || यश्चिद धि त इत्था भगः शशमानः पुरा निदः | अद्वेषो हस्तयोर्दधे || भगभक्तस्य ते वयमुदशेम तवावसा | मूर्धानं राय आरभे || नहि ते कषत्रं न सहो न मन्युं वयश्चनामी पतयन्त आपुः | नेमा आपो अनिमिषं चरन्तीर्न ये वातस्य परमिनन्त्यभ्वम || अबुध्ने राजा वरुणो वनस्योर्ध्वं सतूपं ददते पूतदक्षः | नीचीना सथुरुपरि बुध्न एषामस्मे अन्तर्निहिताःकेतवः सयुः || उरुं हि राजा वरुणश्चकार सूर्याय पन्थामन्वेतवा उ | अपदे पादा परतिधातवे.अकरुतापवक्ता हर्दयाविधश्चित || शतं ते राजन भिषजः सहस्रमुर्वी गभीरा सुमतिष टे अस्तु | बाधस्व दूरे निरतिं पराचैः कर्तं चिदेनः पर मुमुग्ध्यस्मत || अमी य रक्षा निहितास उच्चा नक्तं दद्र्श्रे कुह चिद दिवेयुः | अदब्धानि वरुणस्य वरतानि विचाकशच्चन्द्रमा नक्तमेति || तत तवा यामि बरह्मणा वन्दमानस्तदा शास्ते यजमानो हविर्भिः | अहेळमानो वरुणेह बोध्युरुशंस मा न आयुःप्र मोषीः || तदिन नक्तं तद दिवा मह्यमाहुस्तदयं केतो हर्द आ वि चष्टे | शुनःशेपो यमह्वद गर्भीतः सो अस्मान राजा वरुणो मुमोक्तु || शुनःशेपो हयह्वद गर्भीतस्त्रिष्वादित्यं दरुपदेषु बद्धः | अवैनं राजा वरुणः सस्र्ज्याद विद्वानदब्धो वि मुमोक्तु पाशान || अव ते हेळो वरुण नमोभिरव यज्ञेभिरीमहे हविर्भिः | कषयन्नस्मभ्यमसुर परचेता राजन्नेनांसि शिश्रथः कर्तानि || उदुत्तमं वरुण पाशमस्मदवाधमं वि मध्यमं शरथाय | अथा वयमादित्य वरते तवानागसो अदितये सयाम || 25 यच्चिद धि ते विशो यथा पर देव वरुण वरतम | मिनीमसिद्यवि-दयवि || मा नो वधाय हत्नवे जिहीळानस्य रीरधः | मा हर्णानस्य मन्यवे || वि मर्ळीकाय ते मनो रथीरश्वं न सन्दितम | गीर्भिर्वरुण सीमहि || परा हि मे विमन्यवः पतन्ति वस्यैष्टये | वयो न वसतीरुप || कदा कषत्रश्रियं नरमा वरुणं करामहे | मर्ळीकायोरुचक्षसम || तदित समानमाशाते वेनन्ता न पर युछतः | धर्तव्रताय दाशुषे || वेदा यो वीनां पदमन्तरिक्षेण पतताम | वेद नावः समुद्रियः || वेद मासो धर्तव्रतो दवादश परजावतः | वेदा य उपजायते || वेद वातस्य वर्तनिमुरोर्र्ष्वस्य बर्हतः | वेदा ये अध्यासते || नि षसाद धर्तव्रतो वरुणः पस्त्यास्वा | साम्राज्याय सुक्रतुः || अतो विश्वान्यद्भुता चिकित्वानभि पश्यति | कर्तानि या चकर्त्वा || स नो विश्वाहा सुक्रतुरादित्यः सुपथा करत | पर ण आयूंषि तारिषत || बिभ्रद दरापिं हिरण्ययं वरुणो वस्त निर्णिजम | परि सपशो नि षेदिरे || न यं दिप्सन्ति दिप्सवो न दरुह्वाणो जनानाम | न देवमभिमातयः || उत यो मानुषेष्वा यशश्चक्रे असाम्या | अस्माकमुदरेष्वा || परा मे यन्ति धीतयो गावो न गव्यूतीरनु | इछन्तीरुरुचक्षसम || सं नु वोचावहै पुनर्यतो मे मध्वाभ्र्तम | होतेव कषदसे परियम || दर्शं नु विश्वदर्षतं दर्शं रथमधि कषमि | एता जुषत मे गिरः || इमं मे वरुण शरुधी हवमद्या च मर्ळय | तवामवस्युरा चके || तवं विश्वस्य मेधिर दिवश्च गमश्च राजसि | स यामनिप्रति शरुधि || उदुत्तमं मुमुग्धि नो वि पाशं मध्यमं चर्त | अवाधमानि जीवसे || 26 वसिष्वा हि मियेध्य वस्त्राण्यूर्जां पते | सेमं नो अध्वरं यज || नि नो होता वरेण्यः सदा यविष्ठ मन्मभिः | अग्ने दिवित्मता वचः || आ नि षमा सूनवे पितापिर्यजत्यापये | सखा सख्ये वरेण्यः || आ नो बर्ही रिशादसो वरुणो मित्रो अर्यमा | सीदन्तु मनुषो यथा || पूर्व्य होतरस्य नो मन्दस्व सख्यस्य च | इमा उ षु शरुधी गिरः || यच्चिद धि शश्वता तना देवं-देवं यजामहे | तवे इद्धूयते हविः || परियो नो अस्तु विश्पतिर्होता मन्द्रो वरेण्यः | परियाः सवग्नयो वयम || सवग्नयो हि वार्यं देवासो दधिरे च नः | सवग्नयो मनामहे || अथा न उभयेषामम्र्त मर्त्यानाम | मिथः सन्तु परशस्तयः || विश्वेभिरग्ने अग्निभिरिमं यज्ञमिदं वचः | चनो धाः सहसो यहो || 27 अश्वं न तवा वारवन्तं वन्दध्या अग्निं नमोभिः | सम्राजन्तमध्वराणाम || स घा नः सूनुः शवसा पर्थुप्रगामा सुशेवः | मीढ्वानस्माकं बभूयात || स नो दूराच्चासाच्च नि मर्त्यादघायोः | पाहि सदमिद विश्वायुः || इममू षु तवमस्माकं सनिं गायत्रं नव्यांसम | अग्ने देवेषु पर वोचः || आ नो भज परमेष्वा वाजेषु मध्यमेषु | शिक्षा वस्वोन्तमस्य || विभक्तासि चित्रभानो सिन्धोरूर्मा उपाक आ | सद्यो दाशुषे कषरसि || यमग्ने पर्त्सु मर्त्यमवा वाजेषु यं जुनाः | स यन्ताशश्वतीरिषः || नकिरस्य सहन्त्य पर्येता कयस्य चित | वाजो अस्ति शरवाय्यः || स वाजं विश्वचर्षणिरर्वद्भिरस्तु तरुता | विप्रेभिरस्तु सनिता || जराबोध तद विविड्ढि विशे-विशे यज्ञियाय | सतोमं रुद्राय दर्शीकम || स नो महाननिमानो धूमकेतुः पुरुश्चन्द्रः | धिये वाजाय हिन्वतु || स रेवानिव विश्पतिर्दैव्यः केतुः शर्णोतु नः | उक्थैरग्निर्ब्र्हद्भानुः || नमो महद्भ्यो नमो अर्भकेभ्यो नमो युवभ्यो नम आशिनेभ्यः | यजाम देवान यदि शक्नवाम मा जयायसः शंसमा वर्क्षि देवाः || 28 यत्र गरावा पर्थुबुध्न ऊर्ध्वो भवति सोतवे | उलूखलसुतानामवेद विन्द्र जल्गुलः || यत्र दवाविव जघनाधिषवण्या कर्ता | उलू... || यत्र नार्यपच्यवमुपच्यवं च शिक्षते | उलू... || यत्र मन्थां विबध्नते रश्मीन यमितवा इव | उलू... || यच्चिद धि तवं गर्हेग्र्ह उलूखलक युज्यसे | इह दयुमत्तमं वद यजतामिव दुन्दुभिः || उत सम ते वनस्पते वातो वि वात्यग्रमित | अथो इन्द्राय पातवे सुनु सोममुलूखल || आयजी वाजसातमा ता हयुच्चा विजर्भ्र्तः | हरी इवान्धांसि बप्सता || ता नो अद्य वनस्पती रष्वाव रष्वेभिः सोत्र्भिः | इन्द्राय मधुमत सुतम || उच्छिष्टं चम्वोर्भर सोमं पवित्र आ सर्ज | नि धेहि गोरधि तवचि || 29 यच्चिद धि सत्य सोमपा अनाशस्ता इव समसि | आ तू न इन्द्र शंसय गोष्वश्वेषु सुभ्रिषु सहस्रेषु तुवीमघ || शिप्रिन वाजानां पते शचीवस्तव दंसना | आ ... || नि षवापया मिथूद्र्शा सस्तामबुध्यमाने | आ ... || ससन्तु तया अरातयो बोधन्तु शूर रातयः | आ ... || समिन्द्र गर्दभं मर्ण नुवन्तं पापयामुया | आ ... || पताति कुण्ड्र्णाच्या दूरं वातो वनादधि | आ ... || सर्वं परिक्रोशं जहि जम्भया कर्कदाश्वम | आ ... || 30 आ व इन्द्रं करिविं यथा वाजयन्तः शतक्रतुम | मंहिष्ठं सिञ्च इन्दुभिः || शतं वा यः शुचीनां सहस्रं वा समाशिराम | एदु निम्नं न रीयते || सं यन मदाय शुष्मिण एना हयस्योदरे | समुद्रो न वयचो दधे || अयमु ते समतसि कपोत इव गर्भधिम | वचस्तच्चिन न ओहसे || सतोत्रं राधानां पते गिर्वाहो वीर यस्य ते | विभूतिरस्तुसून्र्ता || ऊर्ध्वस्तिष्ठा न ऊतये.अस्मिन वाजे शतक्रतो | समन्येषु बरवावहै || योगे-योगे तवस्तरं वाजे-वाजे हवामहे | सखाय इन्द्रमूतये || आ घा गमद यदि शरवत सहस्रिणीभिरूतिभिः | वाजेभिरुप नो हवम || अनु परत्नस्यौकसो हुवे तुविप्रतिं नरम | यं ते पूर्वं पिता हुवे || तं तवा वयं विश्ववारा शास्महे पुरुहूत | सखे वसो जरित्र्भ्यः || अस्माकं शिप्रिणीनां सोमपाः सोमपाव्नाम | सखे वज्रिन सखीनाम || तथा तदस्तु सोमपाः सखे वज्रिन तथा कर्णु | यथा त उश्मसीष्टये || रेवतीर्नः सधमाद इन्द्रे सन्तु तुविवाजाः | कषुमन्तो याभिर्मदेम || आ घ तवावान तमनाप्त सतोत्र्भ्यो धर्ष्णवियानः | रणोरक्षं न चक्र्योह || आ यद दुवः शतक्रतवा कामं जरितॄणाम | रणोरक्षं न शचीभिः || शश्वदिन्द्रः पोप्रुथद्भिर्जिगाय नानदद्भिः शाश्वसद्भिर्धनानि | स नो हिरण्यरथं दंसनावान स नः सनिता सनये स नो.अदात || आश्विनावश्वावत्येषा यतं शवीरया गोमद दस्रा हिरण्यवत || समानयोजनो हि वां रथो दस्रावमर्त्यः | समुद्रे अश्विनेयते || वयघ्न्यस्य मूर्धनि चक्रं रथस्य येमथुः | परि दयामन्यदीयते || कस्त उषः कधप्रिये भुजे मर्तो अमर्त्ये | कं नक्षसे विभावरि || वयं हि ते अमन्मह्यान्तादा पराकात | अश्वे न चित्रे अरुषि || तवं तयेभिरा गहि वाजेभिर्दुहितर्दिवः | अस्मे रयिं निधारय || 31 तवमग्ने परथमो अङगिरा रषिर्देवो देवानामभवः शिवः सखा | तव वरते कवयो विद्मनापसो.अजायन्त मरुतो भराजद्र्ष्टयः || तवमग्ने परथमो अङगिरस्तमः कविर्देवानां परि भूषसिव्रतम | विभुर्विश्वस्मै भुवनाय मेधिरो दविमाता शयुः कतिधा चिदायवे || तवमग्ने परथमो मातरिश्वन आविर्भव सुक्रतूया विवस्वते | अरेजेतां रोदसी होत्र्वूर्ये.असघ्नोर्भारमयजो महोवसो || तवमग्ने मनवे दयामवाशयः पुरूरवसे सुक्र्ते सुक्र्त्तरः | शवात्रेण यत पित्रोर्मुच्यसे पर्या तवा पूर्वमनयन्नापरं पुनः || तवमग्ने वर्षभः पुष्टिवर्धन उद्यतस्रुचे भवसि शरवाय्यः | य आहुतिं परि वेदा वषट्क्र्तिमेकायुरग्रे विश आविवाससि || तवमग्ने वर्जिनवर्तनिं नरं सक्मन पिपर्षि विदथे विचर्षणे | यः शूरसाता परितक्म्ये धने दभ्रेभिश्चित सम्र्ताहंसि भूयसः || तवं तमग्ने अम्र्तत्व उत्तमे मर्तं दधासि शरवसे दिवे दिवे | यस्तात्र्षाण उभयाय जन्मने मयः कर्णोषि परया च सूरये || तवं नो अग्ने सनये धनानां यशसं कारुं कर्णुहि सतवानः | रध्याम कर्मापसा नवेन देवैर्द्यावाप्र्थिवी परावतं नः || तवं नो अग्ने पित्रोरुपस्थ आ देवो देवेष्वनवद्य जाग्र्विः | तनूक्र्द बोधि परमतिश्च कारवे तवं कल्याण वसु विश्वमोपिषे || तवमग्ने परमतिस्त्वं पितासि नस्त्वं वयस्क्र्त तव जामयो वयम | सं तवा रायः शतिनः सं सहस्रिणः सुवीरं यन्ति वरतपामदाभ्य || तवामग्ने परथममायुमायवे देवा अक्र्ण्वन नहुषस्य विश्पतिम | इळामक्र्ण्वन मनुषस्य शासनीं पितुर्यत पुत्रो ममकस्य जायते || तवं नो अग्ने तव देव पायुभिर्मघोनो रक्ष तन्वश्च वन्द्य | तराता तोकस्य तनये गवामस्यनिमेषं रक्षमाणस्तव वरते || तवमग्ने यज्यवे पायुरन्तरो.अनिषङगाय चतुरक्ष इध्यसे | यो रातहव्यो.अव्र्काय धायसे कीरेश्चिन मन्त्रं मनसावनोषि तम || तवमग्न उरुशंसाय वाघते सपार्हं यद रेक्णः परमं वनोषि तत | आध्रस्य चित परमतिरुच्यसे पिता पर पाकंशास्सि पर दिशो विदुष्टरः || तवमग्ने परयतदक्षिणं नरं वर्मेव सयूतं परि पासि विश्वतः | सवादुक्षद्मा यो वसतौ सयोनक्र्ज्जीवयाजं यजते सोपमा दिवः || इमामग्ने शरणिं मीम्र्षो न इममध्वानं यमगाम दूरात | आपिः पिता परमतिः सोम्यानां भर्मिरस्य रषिक्र्न मर्त्यानाम || मनुष्वदग्ने अङगिरस्वदङगिरो ययातिवत सदने पूर्ववच्छुचे | अछ याह्या वहा दैव्यं जनमा सादय बर्हिषि यक्षि च परियम || एतेनाग्ने बरह्मणा वाव्र्धस्व शक्ती वा यत ते चक्र्मा विदा वा | उत पर णेष्यभि वस्यो अस्मान सं नः सर्ज सुमत्या वाजवत्या || 32 इन्द्रस्य नु वीर्याणि पर वोचं यानि चकार परथमानि वज्री | अहन्नहिमन्वपस्ततर्द पर वक्षणा अभिनत पर्वतानाम || अहन्नहिं पर्वते शिश्रियाणं तवष्टास्मै वज्रं सवर्यं ततक्ष | वाश्रा इव धेनवः सयन्दमाना अञ्जः समुद्रमव जग्मुरापः || वर्षायमाणो.अव्र्णीत सोमं तरिकद्रुकेष्वपिबत सुतस्य | आसायकं मघवादत्त वज्रमहन्नेनं परथमजामहीनाम || यदिन्द्राहन परथमजामहीनामान मायिनाममिनाः परोत मायाः | आत सूर्यं जनयन दयामुषासं तादीत्नाशत्रुं न किला विवित्से || अहन वर्त्रं वर्त्रतरं वयंसमिन्द्रो वज्रेण महता वधेन | सकन्धांसीव कुलिशेना विव्र्क्णाहिः शयत उपप्र्क पर्थिव्याः || अयोद्धेव दुर्मद आ हि जुह्वे महावीरं तुविबाधं रजीषम | नातारीदस्य सम्र्तिं वधानां सं रुजानाः पिपिषैन्द्रशत्रुः || अपादहस्तो अप्र्तन्यदिन्द्रमास्य वज्रमधि सानौ जघान | वर्ष्णो वध्रिः परतिमानं बुभूषन पुरुत्रा वर्त्रो अशयद वयस्तः || नदं न भिन्नममुया शयानं मनो रुहाणा अति यन्त्यापः | याश्चिद वर्त्रो महिना पर्यतिष्ठत तासामहिः पत्सुतःशीर्बभूव || नीचावया अभवद वर्त्रपुत्रेन्द्रो अस्या अव वधर्जभार | उत्तरा सूरधरः पुत्र आसीद दानुः शये सहवत्सा न धेनुः || अतिष्ठन्तीनामनिवेशनानां काष्ठानां मध्ये निहितंशरीरम | वर्त्रस्य निण्यं वि चरन्त्यापो दीर्घं तम आशयदिन्द्रशत्रुः || दासपत्नीरहिगोपा अतिष्ठन निरुद्धा आपः पणिनेव गावः | अपां बिलमपिहितं यदासीद वर्त्रं जघन्वानपतद ववार || अश्व्यो वारो अभवस्तदिन्द्र सर्के यत तवा परत्यहन देव एकः | अजयो गा अजयः शूर सोममवास्र्जः सर्तवे सप्त सिन्धून || नास्मै विद्युन न तन्यतुः सिषेध न यां मिहमकिरद धरादुनिं च | इन्द्रश्च यद युयुधाते अहिश्चोतापरीभ्यो मघवा वि जिग्ये || अहेर्यातारं कमपश्य इन्द्र हर्दि यत ते जघ्नुषो भीरगछत | नव च यन नवतिं च सरवन्तीः शयेनो न भीतोतरो रजांसि || इन्द्रो यातो.अवसितस्य राजा शमस्य च शर्ङगिणो वज्रबाहुः | सेदु राजा कषयति चर्षणीनामरान न नेमिः परि ता बभूव || 33 एतायामोप गव्यन्त इन्द्रमस्माकं सु परमतिं वाव्र्धाति | अनाम्र्णः कुविदादस्य रायो गवां केतं परमावर्जते नः || उपेदहं धनदामप्रतीतं जुष्टं न शयेनो वसतिम्पतामि | इन्द्रं नमस्यन्नुपमेभिरर्कैर्यः सतोत्र्भ्यो हव्यो अस्ति यामन || नि सर्वसेन इषुधीन्रसक्त समर्यो गा अजति यस्य वष्टि | चोष्कूयमाण इन्द्र भूरि वामं मा पणिर्भूरस्मदधि परव्र्द्ध || वधीर्हि दस्युं धनिनं घनेननेकश्चरन्नुपशाकेभिरिन्द्र | धनोरधि विषुणक ते वयायन्नयज्वनः सनकाः परेतिमीयुः || परा चिच्छीर्षा वव्र्जुस्त इन्द्रायज्वानो यज्वभिः सपर्धमानाः | पर यद दिवो हरिव सथातरुग्र निरव्रतानधमोरोदस्योः || अयुयुत्सन्ननवद्यस्य सेनामयातयन्त कषितयो नवग्वाः | वर्षायुधो न वध्रयो निरष्टाः परवद्भिरिन्द्राच्चितयन्त आयन || तवमेतान रुदतो जक्षतश्चायोधयो रजस इन्द्र पारे | अवादहो दिव आ दस्युमुच्चा पर सुन्वतः सतुवतः शंसमावः || चक्राणासः परीणहं पर्थिव्या हिरण्येन मणिना शुम्भमानाः | न हिन्वानासस्तितिरुस्त इन्द्रं परि सपशो अदधात सूर्येण || परि यदिन्द्र रोदसी उभे अबुभोजीर्महिना विश्वतः सीम | अमन्यमानानभि मन्यमानैर्निर्ब्रह्मभिरधमो दस्युमिन्द्र || न ये दिवः पर्थिव्या अन्तमापुर्न मायाभिर्धनदां पर्यभूवन | युजं वज्रं वर्षभश्चक्र इन्द्रो निर्ज्योतिषा तमसो गा अदुक्षत || अनु सवधामक्षरन्नापो अस्यावर्धत मध्य आ नाव्यानाम | सध्रीचीनेन मनसा तमिन्द्र ओजिष्ठेन हन्मनाहन्नभि दयून || नयाविध्यदिलीबिशस्य दर्ल्हा वि शर्ङगिणमभिनच्छुष्णमिन्द्रः | यावत तरो मघवन यावदोजो वज्रेण शत्रुमवधीः पर्तन्युम || अभि सिध्मो अजिगादस्य शत्रून वि तिग्मेन वर्षभेण पुरो.अभेत | सं वज्रेणास्र्जद वर्त्रमिन्द्रः पर सवां मतिमतिरच्छाशदानः || आवः कुत्सम इन्द्र यस्मि चाकन परावो युध्यन्तं वर्षभं दशद्युम | शफच्युतो रेणुर नक्षत दयाम उच छवैत्रेयो नर्षाह्याय तस्थौ || आवः शमं वर्षभं तुग्र्यासु कषेत्रजेषे मघवञ्छ्वित्र्यं गाम | जयोक चिद अत्र तस्थिवांसो अक्रञ्छत्रूयताम अधरा वेदनाकः || 34 तरिश चिन नो अद्या भवतं नवेदसा विभुर वां याम उत रातिर अश्विना | युवोर हि यन्त्रं हिम्येव वाससो ऽभयायंसेन्या भवतम मनीषिभिः || तरयः पवयो मधुवाहने रथे सोमस्य वेनाम अनु विश्व इद विदुः | तरय सकम्भास सकभितास आरभे तरिर नक्तं याथस तरिर व अश्विना दिवा || समाने अहन तरिर अवद्यगोहना तरिर अद्य यज्ञम मधुना मिमिक्षतम | तरिर वाजवतीर इषो अश्विना युवं दोषा अस्मभ्यम उषसश च पिन्वतम || तरिर वर्तिर यातं तरिर अनुव्रते जने तरिः सुप्राव्येत्रेधेव शिक्षतम | तरिर नान्द्यं वहतम अश्विना युवं तरिः पर्क्षो अस्मे अक्षरेव पिन्वतम || तरिर नो रयिं वहतम अश्विना युवं तरिर देवताता तरिर उतावतं धियः | तरिः सौभगत्वं तरिर उत शरवांसि नस तरिष्ठं वां सूरे दुहिता रुहद रथम || तरिर नो अश्विना दिव्यानि भेषजा तरिः पार्थिवानि तरिर उ दत्तम अद्भ्यः | ओमानं शंयोर ममकाय सूनवे तरिधातु शर्म वहतं शुभस पती || तरिर नो अश्विना यजता दिवे-दिवे परि तरिधातु पर्थिवीम अशायतम | तिस्रो नासत्या रथ्या परावत आत्मेव वातः सवसराणि गछतम || तरिर अश्विना सिन्धुभिः सप्तमात्र्भिस तरय आहावास तरेधा हविष कर्तम | तिस्रः पर्थिवीर उपरि परवा दिवो नाकं रक्षेथे दयुभिर अक्तुभिर हितम || कव तरी चक्रा तरिव्र्तो रथस्य कव तरयो वन्धुरो ये सनीळाः | कदा योगो वाजिनो रासभस्य येन यज्ञं नासत्योपयाथः || आ नासत्या गछतं हूयते हविर मध्वः पिबतम मधुपेभिर आसभिः | युवोर हि पूर्वं सवितोषसो रथम रताय चित्रं घर्तवन्तम इष्यति || आ नासत्या तरिभिर एकादशैर इह देवेभिर यातम मधुपेयम अश्विना | परायुस तारिष्टं नी रपांसि मर्क्षतं सेधतं दवेषो भवतं सचाभुवा || आ नो अश्विना तरिव्र्ता रथेनार्वाञ्चं रयिं वहतं सुवीरम | शर्ण्वन्ता वाम अवसे जोहवीमि वर्धे च नो भवतं वाजसातौ || 35 हवयाम्य अग्निम परथमं सवस्तये हवयामि मित्रावरुणाव इहावसे | हवयामि रात्रीं जगतो निवेशनीं हवयामि देवं सवितारम ऊतये || आ कर्ष्णेन रजसा वर्तमानो निवेशयन्न अम्र्तम मर्त्यं च | हिरण्ययेन सविता रथेना देवो याति भुवनानि पश्यन || याति देवः परवता यात्य उद्वता याति शुभ्राभ्यां यजतो हरिभ्याम | आ देवो याति सविता परावतो ऽप विश्वा दुरिता बाधमानः || अभीव्र्तं कर्शनैर विश्वरूपं हिरण्यशम्यं यजतो बर्हन्तम | आस्थाद रथं सविता चित्रभानुः कर्ष्णा रजांसि तविषीं दधानः || वि जनाञ्छ्यावाः शितिपादो अख्यन रथं हिरण्यप्ररौगं वहन्तः | शश्वद विशः सवितुर दैव्यस्योपस्थे विश्वा भुवनानि तस्थुः || तिस्रो दयावः सवितुर दवा उपस्थां एका यमस्य भुवने विराषाट | आणिं न रथ्यम अम्र्ताधि तस्थुर इह बरवीतु य उ तच चिकेतत || वि सुपर्णो अन्तरिक्षाण्य अख्यद गभीरवेपा असुरः सुनीथः | कवेदानीं सूर्यः कश चिकेत कतमां दयां रश्मिर अस्या ततान || अष्टौ वय अख्यत ककुभः पर्थिव्यास तरी धन्व योजना सप्त सिन्धून | हिरण्याक्षः सविता देव आगाद दधद रत्ना दाशुषे वार्याणि || हिरण्यपाणिः सविता विचर्षणिर उभे दयावाप्र्थिवी अन्तर ईयते | अपामीवाम बाधते वेति सूर्यम अभि कर्ष्णेन रजसा दयाम रणोति || हिरण्यहस्तो असुरः सुनीथः सुम्र्ळीकः सववान यात्वर्वां | अपसेधन रक्षसो यातुधानानस्थाद देवः परतिदोषं गर्णानः || ये ते पन्थाः सवितः पूर्व्यासो.अरेणवः सुक्र्ता अन्तरिक्षे | तेभिर्नो अद्य पथिभिः सुगेभी रक्षा च नो अधि च बरूहि देव || 36 पर वो यह्वं पुरूणां विशां देवयतीनाम | अग्निं सूक्तेभिर्वचोभिरीमहे यं सीमिदन्य ईळते || जनासो अग्निं दधिरे सहोव्र्धं हविष्मन्तो विधेम ते | स तवं नो अद्य सुमना इहाविता भवा वाजेषु सन्त्य || पर तवा दूतं वर्णीमहे होतारं विश्ववेदसम | महस्ते सतो वि चरन्त्यर्चयो दिवि सप्र्शन्ति भानवः || देवासस्त्वा वरुणो मित्रो अर्यमा सं दूतं परत्नमिन्धते | विश्वं सो अग्ने जयति तवया धनं यस्ते ददाश मर्त्यः || मन्द्रो होता गर्हपतिरग्ने दूतो विशामसि | तवे विश्वा संगतानि वरता धरुवा यानि देवा अक्र्ण्वत || तवे इदग्ने सुभगे यविष्ठ्य विश्वमा हूयते हविः | सत्वं नो अद्य सुमना उतापरं यक्षि देवान सुवीर्या || तं घेमित्था नमस्विन उप सवराजमासते | होत्राभिरग्निं मनुषः समिन्धते तितिर्वांसो अति सरिधः || घनन्तो वर्त्रमतरन रोदसी अप उरु कषयाय चक्रिरे | भुवत कण्वे वर्षा दयुम्न्याहुतः करन्ददश्वो गविष्टिषु || सं सीदस्व महानसि शोचस्व देववीतमः | वि धूममग्ने अरुषं मियेध्य सर्ज परशस्त दर्शतम || यं तवा देवासो मनवे दधुरिह यजिष्ठं हव्यवाहन | यं कण्वो मेध्यातिथिर्धनस्प्र्तं यं वर्षा यमुपस्तुतः || यमग्निं मेध्यातिथिः कण्व ईध रतादधि | तस्य परेषो दीदियुस्तमिमा रचस्तमग्निं वर्धयामसि || रायस पूर्धि सवधावो.अस्ति हि ते.अग्ने देवेष्वाप्यम | तवंवाजस्य शरुत्यस्य राजसि स नो मर्ळ महानसि || ऊर्ध्व ऊ षु ण ऊतये तिष्ठा देवो न सविता | ऊर्ध्वोवाजस्य सनिता यदञ्जिभिर्वाघद्भिर्विह्वयामहे || ऊर्ध्वो नः पाह्यंहसो नि केतुना विश्वं समत्रिणं दह | कर्धी न ऊर्ध्वाञ्चरथाय जीवसे विदा देवेषु नो दुवः || पाहि नो अग्ने रक्षसः पाहि धूर्तेरराव्णः | पाहि रीषत उत वा जिघांसतो बर्हद्भानो यविष्ठ्य || घनेव विष्वग वि जह्यराव्णस्तपुर्जम्भ यो अस्मध्रुक | यो मर्त्यः शिशीते अत्यक्तुभिर्मा नः स रिपुरीशत || अग्निर्वव्ने सुवीर्यमग्निः कण्वाय सौभगम | अग्निः परावन मित्रोत मेध्यातिथिमग्निः साता उपस्तुतम || अग्निना तुर्वशं यदुं परावत उग्रादेवं हवामहे | अग्निर्नयन नववास्त्वं बर्हद्रथं तुर्वीतिं दस्यवे सहः || नि तवामग्ने मनुर्दधे जयोतिर्जनाय शश्वते | दीदेथ कण्व रतजात उक्षितो यं नमस्यन्ति कर्ष्टयः || तवेषासो अग्नेरमवन्तो अर्चयो भीमासो न परतीतये | रक्षस्विनः सदमिद यातुमावतो विश्वं समत्रिणं दह || 37 करीळं वः शर्धो मारुतमनर्वाणं रथेशुभम | कण्वा अभि पर गायत || ये पर्षतीभिर्र्ष्टिभिः साकं वाशीभिरञ्जिभिः | अजायन्त सवभानवः || इहेव शर्ण्व एषां कशा हस्तेषु यद वदान | नि यामञ्चित्रं रञ्जते || पर वः शर्धाय घर्ष्वये तवेषद्युम्नाय शुष्मिणे | देवत्तं बरह्म गायत || पर शंसा गोष्वघ्न्यं करीळं यच्छर्धो मारुतम | जम्भे रसस्य वाव्र्धे || को वो वर्षिष्ठ आ नरो दिवश्च गमश्च धूतयः | यत सीम अन्तं न धूनुथ || नि वो यामाय मानुषो दध्र उग्राय मन्यवे | जिहीत पर्वतो गिरिः || येषाम अज्मेषु पर्थिवी जुजुर्वां इव विश्पतिः | भिया यामेषु रेजते || सथिरं हि जानम एषां वयो मातुर निरेतवे | यत सीम अनु दविता शवः || उद उ तये सूनवो गिरः काष्ठा अज्मेष्व अत्नत | वाश्रा अभिज्ञु यातवे || तयं चिद घा दीर्घम पर्थुम मिहो नपातम अम्र्ध्रम | पर चयावयन्ति यामभिः || मरुतो यद ध वो बलं जनां अचुच्यवीतन | गिरींर अचुच्यवीतन || यद ध यान्ति मरुतः सं ह बरुवते ऽधवन्न आ | शर्णोति कश चिद एषाम || पर यात शीभम आशुभिः सन्ति कण्वेषु वो दुवः | तत्रो षु मादयाध्वै || अस्ति हि षमा मदाय वः समसि षमा वयम एषाम | विश्वं चिद आयुर जीवसे || 38 कद ध नूनं कधप्रियः पिता पुत्रं न हस्तयोः | दधिध्वे वर्क्तबर्हिषः || कव नूनं कद वो अर्थं गन्ता दिवो न पर्थिव्याः | कव वो गावो न रण्यन्ति || कव वः सुम्ना नव्यांसि मरुतः कव सुविता | कव विश्वानि सौभगा || यद यूयम पर्श्निमातरो मर्तासः सयातन | सतोता वो अम्र्तः सयात || मा वो मर्गो न यवसे जरिता भूद अजोष्यः | पथा यमस्य गाद उप || मो षु णः परा-परा निर्र्तिर दुर्हणा वधीत | पदीष्ट तर्ष्णया सह || सत्यं तवेषा अमवन्तो धन्वञ चिद आ रुद्रियासः | मिहं कर्ण्वन्त्य अवाताम || वाश्रेव विद्युन मिमाति वत्सं न माता सिषक्ति | यद एषां वर्ष्टिर असर्जि || दिवा चित तमः कर्ण्वन्ति पर्जन्येनोदवाहेन | यत पर्थिवीं वयुन्दन्ति || अध सवनान मरुतां विश्वम आ सद्म पार्थिवम | अरेजन्त पर मानुषाः || मरुतो वीळुपाणिभिश चित्रा रोधस्वतीर अनु | यातेम अखिद्रयामभिः || सथिरा वः सन्तु नेमयो रथा अश्वास एषाम | सुसंस्क्र्ता अभीशवः || अछा वदा तना गिरा जरायै बरह्मणस पतिम | अग्निम मित्रं न दर्शतम || मिमीहि शलोकम आस्यपर्जन्य इव ततनः | गाय गायत्रम उक्थ्यम || वन्दस्व मारुतं गणं तवेषम पनस्युम अर्किणम | अस्मे वर्द्धा असन्न इह || 39 पर यद इत्था परावतः शोचिर न मानम अस्यथ | कस्य करत्वा मरुतः कस्य वर्पसा कं याथ कं ह धूतयः || सथिरा वः सन्त्व आयुधा पराणुदे वीळू उत परतिष्कभे | युष्माकम अस्तु तविषी पनीयसी मा मर्त्यस्य मायिनः || परा ह यत सथिरं हथ नरो वर्तयथा गुरु | वि याथन वनिनः पर्थिव्या वय आशाः पर्वतानाम || नहि वः शत्रुर विविदे अधि दयवि न भूम्यां रिशादसः | युष्माकम अस्तु तविषी तना युजा रुद्रासो नू चिद आध्र्षे || पर वेपयन्ति पर्वतान वि विञ्चन्ति वनस्पतीन | परो आरत मरुतो दुर्मदा इव देवासः सर्वया विशा || उपो रथेषु पर्षतीर अयुग्ध्वम परष्टिर वहति रोहितः | आ वो यामाय पर्थिवी चिद अश्रोद अबीभयन्त मानुषाः || आ वो मक्षू तनाय कं रुद्रा अवो वर्णीमहे | गन्ता नूनं नो ऽवसा यथा पुरेत्था कण्वाय बिभ्युषे || युष्मेषितो मरुतो मर्त्येषित आ यो नो अभ्व ईषते | वि तं युयोत शवसा वय ओजसा वि युष्माकाभिर ऊतिभिः || असामि हि परयज्यवः कण्वं दद परचेतसः | असामिभिर्मरुत आ न ऊतिभिर्गन्ता वर्ष्तिं न विद्युतः || असाम्योजो बिभ्र्था सुदानवो.असामि धूतयः शवः | रषिद्विषे मरुतः परिमन्यव इषुं न सर्जत दविषम || 40 उत तिष्ठ बरह्मणस पते देवयन्तस्त्वेमहे | उप पर यन्तु मरुतः सुदानव इन्द्र पराशूर्भवा सचा || तवामिद धि सहसस पुत्र मर्त्य उपब्रूते धने हिते | सुवीर्यं मरुत आ सवश्व्यं दधीत यो व आचके || परैतु बरह्मणस पतिः पर देव्येतु सून्र्ता | अछा वीरंनर्यं पङकतिराधसं देवा यज्ञं नयन्तु नः || यो वाघते ददाति सूनरं वसु स धत्ते अक्षिति शरवः | तस्मा इळां सुवीरामा यजामहे सुप्रतूर्तिमनेहसम || पर नूनं बरह्मणस पतिर्मन्त्रं वदत्युक्थ्यम | यस्मिन्निन्द्रो वरुणो मित्रो अर्यमा देवा ओकांसि चक्रिरे || तमिद वोचेमा विदथेषु शम्भुवं मन्त्रं देवा अनेहसम | इमां च वाचं परतिहर्यथा नरो विश्वेद वामा वो अश्नवत || को देवयन्तमश्नवज्जनं को वर्क्तबर्हिषम | पर-पर दाश्वान पस्त्याभिरस्थितान्तर्वावत कषयं दधे || उप कष्स्त्रं पर्ञ्चीत हन्ति राजभिर्भये चित सुक्षितिं दधे | नास्य वर्ता न तरुता महाधने नार्भे अस्ति वज्रिणः || 41 यं रक्षन्ति परचेतसो वरुणो मित्रो अर्यमा | नू चित स दभ्यते जनः || यं बाहुतेव पिप्रति पान्ति मर्त्यं रिषः | अरिष्टः सर्व एधते || वि दुर्गा वि दविषः पुरो घनन्ति राजान एषाम | नयन्ति दुरिता तिरः || सुगः पन्था अन्र्क्षर आदित्यास रतं यते | नात्रावखादो अस्ति वः || यं यज्ञं नयथा नर आदित्या रजुना पथा | पर वः स धीतये नशत || स रत्नं मर्त्यो वसु विश्वं तोकमुत तमना | अछा गछत्यस्त्र्तः || कथा राधाम सखायः सतोमं मित्रस्यार्यम्णः | महि पसरो वरुणस्य || मा वो घनन्तं मा शपन्तं परति वोचे देवयन्तम | सुम्नैरिद व आ विवासे || चतुरश्चिद ददमानाद बिभीयादा निधातोः | न दुरुक्ताय सप्र्हयेत || 42 सं पूषन्नध्वनस्तिर वयंहो विमुचो नपात | सक्ष्वा देवप्र णस पुरः || यो नः पूषन्नघो वर्को दुःशेव आदिदेशति | अप सम तम्पथो जहि || अप तयं परिपन्थिनं मुषीवाणं हुरश्चितम | दूरमधिस्रुतेरज || तवं तस्य दवयाविनो.अघशंसस्य कस्य चित | पदाभि तिष्ठ तपुषिम || आ तत ते दस्र मन्तुमः पूषन्नवो वर्णीमहे | येन पितॄनचोदयः || अधा नो विश्वसौभग हिरण्यवाशीमत्तम | धनानि सुषणा कर्धि || अति नः सश्चतो नय सुगा नः सुपथा कर्णु | पूषन्निहक्रतुं विदः || अभि सूयवसं नय न नवज्वारो अध्वने | पू... || शग्धि पूर्धि पर यंसि च शिशीहि परास्युदरम | पू... || न पूषणं मेथामसि सूक्तैरभि गर्णीमसि | वसूनि दस्ममीमहे || 43 कद रुद्राय परचेतसे मीळ्हुष्टमाय तव्यसे | वोचेम शन्तमं हर्दे || यथा नो अदितिः करत पश्वे नर्भ्यो यथा गवे | यथा तोकाय रुद्रियम || यथा नो मित्रो वरुणो यथा रुद्रश्चिकेतति | यथा विश्वे सजोषसः || गाथपतिं मेधपतिं रुद्रं जलाषभेषजम | तच्छंयोः सुम्नमीमहे || यः शुक्र इव सूर्यो हिरण्यमिव रोचते | शरेष्ठो देवानां वसुः || शं नः करत्यर्वते सुगं मेषाय मेष्ये | नर्भ्यो नारिभ्यो गवे || अस्मे सोम शरियमधि नि धेहि शतस्य नर्णाम | महि शरवस्तुविन्र्म्णम || मा नः सोमपरिबाधो मारातयो जुहुरन्त | आ न इन्दो वाजे भज || यास्ते परजा अम्र्तस्य परस्मिन धामन्न्र्तस्य | मूर्धा नाभा सोम वेन आभूषन्तीः सोम वेदः || 44 अग्ने विवस्वदुषसश्चित्रं राधो अमर्त्य | आ दाशुषे जातवेदो वहा तवमद्या देवानुषर्बुधः || जुष्टो हि दूतो असि हव्यवाहनो.अग्ने रथीरध्वराणाम | सजूरश्विभ्यामुषसा सुवीर्यमस्मे धेहि शरवो बर्हत || अद्या दूतं वर्णीमहे वसुमग्निं पुरुप्रियम | धूमकेतुं भार्जीकं वयुष्टिषु यज्ञानामध्वरश्रियम || शरेष्ठं यविष्ठमतिथिं सवाहुतं जुष्टं जनाय दाशुषे | देवानछा यातवे जातवेदसमग्निमीळे वयुष्टिषु || सतविष्यामि तवामहं विश्वस्याम्र्त भोजन | अग्ने तरातारमम्र्तं मियेध्य यजिष्ठं हव्यवाहन || सुशंसो बोधि गर्णते यविष्ठ्य मधुजिह्वः सवाहुतः | परस्कण्वस्य परतिरन्नायुर्जीवसे नमस्या दैव्यं जनम || होतारं विश्ववेदसं सं हि तवा विश इन्धते | स आ वह पुरुहूत परचेतसो.अग्ने देवानिह दरवत || सवितारमुषसमश्विना भगमग्निं वयुष्टिषु कषपः | कण्वासस्त्वा सुतसोमास इन्धते हव्यवाहं सवध्वर || पतिर हि अध्वराणाम अग्ने दूतो विशाम असि | उषर्बुध आवह सोमपीतये देवानद्य सवर्द्र्शः || अग्ने पूर्वा अनूषसो विभावसो दीदेथ विश्वदर्षतः | असि गरामेष्वविता पुरोहितो.असि यज्ञेषु मानुषः || नि तवा यज्ञस्य साधनमग्ने होतारं रत्विजम | मनुष्वद देव धीमहि परचेतसं जीरं दूतममर्त्यम || यद देवानां मित्रमहः पुरोहितो.अन्तरो यासि दूत्यम | सिन्धोरिव परस्वनितास ऊर्मयो.अग्नेर्भ्राजन्ते अर्चयः || शरुधि शरुत्कर्ण वह्निभिर्देवैरग्ने सयावभिः | आ सीदन्तु बर्हिषि मित्रो अर्यमा परातर्यावाणो अध्वरम || शर्ण्वन्तु सतोमं मरुतः सुदानवो.अग्निजिह्वा रताव्र्धः | पिबतु सोमं वरुणो धर्तव्रतो.अश्विभ्यामुषसा सजूः || 45 तवमग्ने वसून्रिह रुद्रानादित्यानुत | यजा सवध्वरं जनं मनुजातं घर्तप्रुषम || शरुष्टीवानो हि दाशुषे देवा अग्ने विचेतसः | तान रोहिदश्व गिर्वणस्त्रयस्त्रिंशतमा वह || परियमेधवदत्रिवज्जातवेदो विरूपवत | अङगिरस्वन महिव्रत परस्कण्वस्य शरुधी हवम || महिकेरव ऊतये परियमेधा अहूषत | राजन्तमध्वराणामग्निं शुक्रेण शोचिषा || घर्ताहवन सन्त्येमा उ षु शरुधी गिरः | याभिः कण्वस्य सूनवो हवन्ते.अवसे तवा || तवां चित्रश्रवस्तम हवन्ते विक्षु जन्तवः | शोचिष्केशम्पुरुप्रियाग्ने हव्याय वोळ्हवे || नि तवा होतारं रत्विजं दधिरे वसुवित्तमम | शरुत्कर्णं सप्रथस्तमं विप्रा अग्ने दिविष्टिषु || आ तवा विप्रा अचुच्यवुः सुतसोमा अभि परयः | बर्हद भा बिभ्रतो हविरग्ने मर्ताय दाशुषे || परातर्याव्णः सहस्क्र्त सोमपेयाय सन्त्य | इहाद्य दैव्यंजनं बर्हिरा सादया वसो || अर्वाञ्चं दैव्यं जनमग्ने यक्ष्व सहूतिभिः | अयं सोमः सुदानवस्तं पात तिरोह्न्यम || 46 एषो उषा अपूर्व्य वयुछति परिया दिवः | सतुषे वामश्विना बर्हत || या दस्रा सिन्धुमातरा मनोतरा रयीणाम | धिया देवा वसुविदा || वच्यन्ते वां ककुहासो जूर्णायामधि विष्टपि | यद वांरथो विभिष पतात || हविषा जारो अपां पिपर्ति पपुरिर्नरा | पिता कुटस्य चर्षणिः || आदारो वां मतीनां नासत्या मतवचसा | पातं सोमस्य धर्ष्णुया || या नः पीपरदश्विना जयोतिष्मती तमस्तिरः | तामस्मे रासाथामिषम || आ नो नावा मतीनां यातं पाराय गन्तवे | युञ्जाथामश्विना रथम || अरित्रं वां दिवस पर्थु तीर्थे सिन्धूनां रथः | धिया युयुज्र इन्दवः || दिवस कण्वास इन्दवो वसु सिन्धूनां पदे | सवं वव्रिं कुह धित्सथः || अभूदु भा उ अंशवे हिरण्यं परति सूर्यः | वयख्यज्जिह्वयासितः || अभूदु पारमेतवे पन्था रतय्स साधुया | अदर्शि वि सरुतिर्दिवः || तत-तदिदश्विनोरवो जरिता परति भूषति | मदे सोमस्यपिप्रतोः || वावसाना विवस्वति सोमस्य पीत्या गिरा | मनुष्वच्छम्भूा गतम || युवोरुषा अनु शरियं परिज्मनोरुपाचरत | रता वनथो अक्तुभिः || उभा पिबतमश्विनोभा नः शर्म यछतम | अविद्रियाभिरूतिभिः || 47 अयं वां मधुमत्तमः सुतः सोम रताव्र्धा | तमश्विना पिबतं तिरोह्न्यं धत्तं रत्नानि दाशुशे || तरिवन्धुरेण तरिव्र्ता सुपेशसा रथेना यातमश्विना | कण्वासो वां बरह्म कर्ण्वन्त्यध्वरे तेषां सु शर्णुतं हवम || अश्विना मधुमत्तमं पातं सोमं रताव्र्धा | अथाद्य दस्रा वसु बिभ्रता रथे दाश्वांसमुप गछतम || तरिषधस्थे बर्हिषि विश्ववेदसा मध्वा यज्ञं मिमिक्षतम | कण्वासो वां सुतसोमा अभिद्यवो युवां हवन्ते अश्विना || याभिः कण्वमभिष्टिभिः परावतं युवमश्विना | ताभिः षवस्मानवतं शुभस पती पातं सोमं रताव्र्धा || सुदासे दस्रा वसु बिभ्रता रथे पर्क्षो वहतमश्विना | रयिं समुद्रादुत वा दिवस पर्यस्मे धत्तं पुरुस्प्र्हम || यन नासत्या परावति यद वा सथो अधि तुर्वशे | अतो रथेन सुव्र्ता न आ गतं साकं सूर्यस्य रश्मिभिः || अर्वाञ्चा वां सप्तयो.अध्वरश्रियो वहन्तु सवनेदुप | इषं पर्ञ्चन्ता सुक्र्ते सुदानव आ बर्हिः सीदतं नरा || तेन नासत्या गतं रथेन सूर्यत्वचा | येन शश्वदूहथुर्दाशुषे वसु मध्वः सोमस्य पीतये || उक्थेभिरर्वागवसे पुरूवसू अर्कैश्च नि हवयामहे | शश्वत कण्वानां सदसि परिये हि कं सोमं पपथुरश्विना || 48 सह वामेन न उषो वयुछा दुहितर्दिवः | सह दयुम्नेन बर्हता विभावरि राया देवि दास्वती || अश्वावतीर्गोमतीर्विश्वसुविदो भूरि चयवन्त वस्तवे | उदीरय परति मा सून्र्ता उषश्चोद राधो मघोनाम || उवासोषा उछाच्च नु देवी जीरा रथानाम | ये अस्या आचरणेषु दध्रिरे समुद्रे न शरवस्यवः || उषो ये ते पर यामेषु युञ्जते मनो दानाय सूरयः | अत्राह तत कण्व एषां कण्वतमो नाम गर्णाति नर्णाम || आ घा योषेव सूनर्युषा याति परभुञ्जती | जरयन्ती वर्जनं पद्वदीयत उत पातयति पक्षिणः || वि या सर्जति समनं वयर्थिनः पदां न वेत्योदती | वयो नकिष टे पप्तिवांस आसते वयुष्टौ वाजिनीवति || एषायुक्त परावतः सूर्यस्योदयनादधि | शतं रथेभिः सुभगोषा इयं वि यात्यभि मानुषान || विश्वमस्या नानाम चक्षसे जगज्ज्योतिष कर्णोति सूनरी | अप दवेषो मघोनी दुहिता दिव उषा उछदप सरिधः || उष आ भाहि भानुना चन्द्रेण दुहितर्दिवः | आवहन्ती भूर्यस्मभ्यं सौभगं वयुछन्ती दिविष्टिषु || विश्वस्य हि पराणनं जीवनं तवे वि यदुछसि सूनरि | सा नो रथेन बर्हता विभावरि शरुधि चित्रामघे हवम || उषो वाजं हि वंस्व यश्चित्रो मानुषे जने | तेना वह सुक्र्तो अध्वरानुप ये तवा गर्णन्ति वह्नयः || विश्वान देवाना वह सोमपीतये.अन्तरिक्षादुषस्त्वम | सास्मासु धा गोमदश्वावदुक्थ्यमुषो वाजं सुवीर्यम || यस्या रुशन्तो अर्चयः परति भद्रा अद्र्क्षत | सा नो रयिं विश्ववारं सुपेशसमुषा ददातु सुग्म्यम || ये चिद धि तवां रषयः पूर्व ऊतये जुहूरे.अवसे महि | सा न सतोमानभि गर्णीहि राधसोषः शुक्रेण शोचिषा || उषो यदद्य भानुना वि दवाराव रणवो दिवः | पर नो यछतादव्र्कं पर्थु छर्दिः पर देवि गोमतीरिषः || सं नो राया बर्हता विश्वपेशसा मिमिक्ष्वा समिळाभिरा | सं दयुम्नेन विश्वतुरोषो महि सं वाजैर्वाजिनीवति || 49 उषो भद्रेभिरा गहि दिवश्चिद रोचनादधि | वहन्त्वरुणप्सव उप तवा सोमिनो गर्हम || सुपेशसं सुखं रथं यमध्यस्था उषस्त्वम | तेना सुश्रवसं जनं परावाद्य दुहितर्दिवः || वयश्चित ते पतत्रिणो दविपच्चतुष्पदर्जुनि | उषः परारन्न्र्तून्रनु दिवो अन्तेभ्यस परि || वयुछन्ती हि रश्मिभिर्विश्वमाभासि रोचनम | तां तवामुषर्वसूयवो गीर्भिः कण्वा अहूषत || 50 उदु तयं जातवेदसं देवं वहन्ति केतवः | दर्शे विश्वाय सूर्यम || अप तये तायवो यथा नक्षत्रा यन्त्यक्तुभिः | सूराय विश्वचक्षसे || अद्र्श्रमस्य केतवो वि रश्मयो जनाननु | भराजन्तो अग्नयो यथा || तरणिर्विश्वदर्शतो जयोतिष्क्र्दसि सूर्य | विश्वमा भासिरोचनम || परत्यं देवानां विशः परत्यङङ उदेषि मानुषान | परत्यं विश्वं सवर्द्र्शे || येना पावक चक्षसा भुरण्यन्तं जनाननु | तवं वरुण पश्यसि || वि दयामेषि रजस पर्थ्वहा मिमानो अक्तुभिः | पश्यञ जन्मानि सूर्य || सप्त तवा हरितो रथे वहन्ति देव सूर्य | शोचिष्केशं विचक्षण || अयुक्त सप्त शुन्ध्युवः सूरो रथस्य नप्त्यः | ताभिर्याति सवयुक्तिभिः || उद वयं तमसस परि जयोतिष पश्यन्त उत्तरम | देवं देवत्रा सूर्यमगन्म जयोतिरुत्तमम || उद्यन्नद्य मित्रमह आरोहन्नुत्तरां दिवम | हर्द्रोगं ममसूर्य हरिमाणं च नाशय || शुकेषु मे हरिमाणं रोपणाकासु दध्मसि | अथो हारिद्रवेषु मे हरिमाणं नि दध्मसि || उदगादयमादित्यो विश्वेन सहसा सह | दविषन्तं मह्यं रन्धयन मो अहम दविषते रधम || 51 अभि तयं मेषं पुरुहूतं रग्मियमिन्द्रं गीर्भिर्मदता वस्वो अर्णवम | यस्य दयावो न विचरन्ति मानुषा भुजे मंहिष्ठमभि विप्रमर्चत || अभीमवन्वन सवभिष्टिमूतयो.अन्तरिक्षप्रां तविषीभिराव्र्तम | इन्द्रं दक्षास रभवो मदच्युतं शतक्रतुं जवनी सून्र्तारुहत || तवं गोत्रमङगिरोभ्यो.अव्र्णोरपोतात्रये शतदुरेषु गातुवित | ससेन चिद विमदायावहो वस्वाजावद्रिं वावसानस्यनर्तयन || तवमपामपिधानाव्र्णोर अपाधारयः पर्वते दानुमद वसु | वर्त्रं यदिन्द्र शवसावधीरहिमादित सूर्यं दिव्यारोहयो दर्शे || तवं मायाभिरप मायिनो.अधमः सवधाभिर्ये अधि शुप्तावजुह्वत | तवं पिप्रोर्न्र्मणः परारुजः पुरः पर रजिश्वानं दस्युहत्येष्वाविथ || तवं कुत्सं शुष्णहत्येष्वाविथारन्धयो.अतिथिग्वाय शम्बरम | महान्तं चिदर्बुदं नि करमीः पदा सनादेव दस्युहत्याय जज्ञिषे || तवे विश्वा तविषी सध्र्यग घिता तव राधः सोमपीथाय हर्षते | तव वज्रश्चिकिते बाह्वोर्हितो वर्श्चा शत्रोरव विश्वानि वर्ष्ण्या || वि जानीह्यार्यान ये च दस्यवो बर्हिष्मते रन्धया शासदव्रतान | शाकी भव यजमानस्य चोदिता विश्वेत ता ते सधमादेषु चाकन || अनुव्रताय रन्धयन्नपव्रतानाभूभिरिन्द्रः शनथयन्ननाभुवः | वर्द्धस्य चिद वर्धतो दयामिनक्षत सतवानो वम्रो वि जघान सन्दिहः || तक्षद यत त उशना सहसा सहो वि रोदसी मज्मना बाधते शवः | आ तवा वातस्य नर्मणो मनोयुज आ पूर्यमाणमवहन्नभि शरवः || मन्दिष्ट यदुशने काव्ये सचानिन्द्रो वङकू वङकुतराधि तिष्ठति | उग्रो ययिं निरपः सरोतसास्र्जद वि शुष्णस्य दरंहिता ऐरयत पुरः || आ समा रथं वर्षपाणेषु तिष्ठसि शार्यातस्य परभ्र्तायेषु मन्दसे | इन्द्र यथा सुतसोमेषु चाकनो.अनर्वाणंश्लोकमा रोहसे दिवि || अददा अर्भां महते वचस्यवे कक्षीवते वर्चयामिन्द्र सुन्वते | मेनाभवो वर्षणश्वस्य सुक्रतो विश्वेत ता ते सवनेषु परवाच्या || इन्द्रो अश्रायि सुध्यो निरेके पज्रेषु सतोमो दुर्यो न यूपः | अश्वयुर्गव्यू रथयुर्वसूयुरिन्द्र इद रायः कषयति परयन्ता || इदं नमो वर्षभाय सवराजे सत्यशुष्माय तवसे.अवाचि | अस्मिन्निन्द्र वर्जने सर्ववीराः समत सूरिभिस्तव शर्मन सयाम || 52 तयं सु मेषं महया सवर्विदं शतं यस्य सुभ्वः साकमीरते | अत्यं न वाजं हवनस्यदं रथमेन्द्रं वव्र्त्यामवसे सुव्र्क्तिभिः || स पर्वतो न धरुणेष्वच्युतः सहस्रमूतिस्तविषीषु वाव्र्धे | इन्द्रो यद वर्त्रमवधीन नदीव्र्तमुब्जन्नर्णांसिजर्ह्र्षाणो अन्धसा || स हि दवरो दवरिषु वव्र ऊधनि चन्द्रबुध्नो मदव्र्द्धो मनीषिभिः | इन्द्रं तमह्वे सवपस्यया धिया मंहिष्ठरातिं स हि पप्रिरन्धसः || आ यं पर्णन्ति दिवि सद्मबर्हिषः समुद्रं न सुभ्वः सवा अभिष्टयः | तं वर्त्रहत्ये अनु तस्थुरूतयः शुष्मािन्द्रमवाता अह्रुतप्सवः || अभि सवव्र्ष्टिं मदे अस्य युध्यतो रघ्वीरिव परवणे सस्रुरूतयः | इन्द्रो यद वज्री धर्षमाणो अन्धसा भिनद वलस्य परिधीन्रिव तरितः || परीं घर्णा चरति तित्विषे शवो.अपो वर्त्वी रजसो बुध्नमाशयत | वर्त्रस्य यत परवणे दुर्ग्र्भिश्वनो निजघन्थ हन्वोरिन्द्र तन्यतुम || हरदं न हि तवा नय्र्षन्त्यूर्मयो बरह्माणीन्द्र तव यानि वर्धना | तवष्टा चित ते युज्यं वाव्र्धे शवस्ततक्ष वज्रमभिभूत्योजसम || जघन्वानु हरिभिः सम्भ्र्तक्रतविन्द्र वर्त्रं मनुषे गातुयन्नपः | अयछथा बाह्वोर्वज्रमायसमधारयो दिव्या सूर्यं दर्शे || बर्हत सवश्चन्द्रममवद यदुक्थ्यमक्र्ण्वत भियसा रोहणं दिवः | यन मानुषप्रधना इन्द्रमूतयः सवर्न्र्षाचो मरुतो.अमदन्ननु || दयौश्चिदस्यामवानहेः सवनादयोयवीद भियसा वज्र इन्द्र ते | वर्त्रस्य यद बद्बधानस्य रोदसी मदे सुतस्य शवसाभिनच्छिरः || यदिन नविन्द्र पर्थिवी दशभुजिरहानि विश्वा ततनन्तक्र्ष्टयः | अत्राह ते मघवन विश्रुतं सहो दयामनु शवसा बर्हणा भुवत || तवमस्य पारे रजसो वयोमनः सवभूत्योजा अवसे धर्षन्मनः | चक्र्षे भूमिं परतिमानमोजसो.अपः सवः परिभूरेष्या दिवम || तवं भुवः परतिमानं पर्थिव्या रष्ववीरस्य बर्हतः पतिर्भूः | विश्वमाप्रा अन्तरिक्षं महित्वा सत्यमद्धा नकिरन्यस्त्वावान || न यस्य दयावाप्र्थिवी अनु वयचो न सिन्धवो रजसो अन्तमानशुः | नोत सवव्र्ष्टिं मदे अस्य युध्यत एको अन्यच्चक्र्षे विश्वमानुषक || आर्चन्नत्र मरुतः सस्मिन्नाजौ विश्वे देवासो अमदन्ननुत्वा | वर्त्रस्य यद भर्ष्टिमता वधेन नि तवमिन्द्र परत्यानं जघन्थ || 53 नयू षु वाचं पर महे भरामहे गिर इन्द्राय सदने विवस्वतः | नू चिद धि रत्नं ससतामिवाविदन न दुष्टुतिर्द्रविणोदेषु शस्यते || दुरो अश्वस्य दुर इन्द्र गोरसि दुरो यवस्य वसुन इनस पतिः | शिक्षानरः परदिवो अकामकर्शनः सखा सखिभ्यस्तमिदं गर्णीमसि || शचीव इन्द्र पुरुक्र्द दयुमत्तम तवेदिदमभितश्चेकिते वसु | अतः संग्र्भ्याभिभूत आ भर मा तवायतो जरितुः काममूनयीः || एभिर्द्युभिः सुमना एभिरिन्दुभिर्निरुन्धानो अमतिं गोभिरश्विना | इन्द्रेण दस्युं दरयन्त इन्दुभिर्युतद्वेषसःसमिषा रभेमहि || समिन्द्र राया समिषा रभेमहि सं वाजेभिः पुरुश्चन्द्रैरभिद्युभिः | सं देव्या परमत्या वीरशुष्मया गोग्रयाश्वावत्या रभेमहि || ते तवा मदा अमदन तानि वर्ष्ण्या ते सोमासो वर्त्रहत्येषु सत्पते | यत कारवे दश वर्त्राण्यप्रति बर्हिष्मते नि सहस्राणि बर्हयः || युधा युधमुप घेदेषि धर्ष्णुया पुरा पुरं समिदं हंस्योजसा | नम्या यदिन्द्र सख्या परावति निबर्हयो नमुचिं नाम मायिनम || तवं करञ्जमुत पर्णयं वधीस्तेजिष्ठयातिथिग्वस्यवर्तनी | तवं शता वङगर्दस्याभिनत पुरो.अनानुदः परिषूता रजिश्वना || तवमेताञ जनराज्ञो दविर्दशाबन्धुना सुश्रवसोपजग्मुषः | षष्टिं सहस्रा नवतिं नव शरुतो नि चक्रेण रथ्या दुष्पदाव्र्णक || तवमाविथ सुश्रवसं तवोतिभिस्तव तरामभिरिन्द्र तूर्वयाणम | तवमस्मै कुत्समतिथिग्वमायुं महे राज्ञे यूने अरन्धनायः || य उद्र्चीन्द्र देवगोपाः सखायस्ते शिवतमा असाम | तवां सतोषाम तवया सुवीरा दराघीय आयुः परतरं दधानाः || 54 मा नो अस्मिन मघवन पर्त्स्वंहसि नहि ते अन्तः शवसः परीणशे | अक्रन्दयो नद्यो रोरुवद वना कथा न कषोणीर्भियसा समारत || अर्चा शक्राय शाकिने शचीवते शर्ण्वन्तमिन्द्रं महयन्नभि षटुहि | यो धर्ष्णुना शवसा रोदसी उभे वर्षा वर्षत्वा वर्षभो नय्र्ञ्जते || अर्चा दिवे बर्हते शूष्यं वचः सवक्षत्रं यस्य धर्षतो धर्षन मनः | बर्हच्छ्रवा असुरो बर्हणा कर्तः पुरो हरिभ्यां वर्षभो रथो हि षः || तवं दिवो बर्हतः सानु कोपयो.अव तमना धर्षता शम्बरं भिनत | यन मायिनो वरन्दिनो मन्दिना धर्षच्छितां गभस्तिमशनिं पर्तन्यसि || नि यद वर्णक्षि शवसनस्य मूर्धनि शुष्णस्य चिद वरन्दिनोरोरुवद वना | पराचीनेन मनसा बर्हणावता यदद्या चित कर्णवः कस्त्वा परि || तवमाविथ नर्यं तुर्वशं यदुं तवं तुर्वीतिं वय्यंशतक्रतो | तवं रथमेतशं कर्त्व्ये धने तवं पुरो नवतिं दम्भयो नव || स घा राजा सत्पतिः शूशुवज्जनो रातहव्यः परति यः शासमिन्वति | उक्था वा यो अभिग्र्णाति राधसा दानुरस्मा उपरा पिन्वते दिवः || असमं कषत्रमसमा मनीषा पर सोमपा अपसा सन्तु नेमे | ये त इन्द्र ददुषो वर्धयन्ति महि कषत्रं सथविरं वर्ष्ण्यं च || तुभ्येदेते बहुला अद्रिदुग्धाश्चमूषदश्चमसा इन्द्रपानाः | वयश्नुहि तर्पया काममेषामथा मनो वसुदेयाय कर्ष्व || अपामतिष्ठद धरुणह्वरं तमो.अन्तर्व्र्त्रस्य जठरेषुपर्वतः | अभीमिन्द्रो नद्यो वव्रिणा हिता विश्वा अनुष्ठाः परवणेषु जिघ्नते || स शेव्र्धमधि धा दयुम्नमस्मे महि कषत्रं जनाषाळिन्द्र तव्यम | रक्षा च नो मघोनः पाहि सूरीन राये च नः सवपत्या इषे धाः || 55 दिवश्चिदस्य वरिमा वि पप्रथ इन्द्रं न मह्ना पर्थिवीचन परति | भीमस्तुविष्माञ्चर्षणिभ्य आतपः शिशीते वज्रं तेजसे न वंसगः || सो अर्णवो न नद्यः समुद्रियः परति गर्भ्णाति विश्रिता वरीमभिः | इन्द्रः सोमस्य पीतये वर्षायते सनात स युध्म ओजसा पनस्यते || तवं तमिन्द्र पर्वतं न भोजसे महो नर्म्णस्य धर्मणामिरज्यसि | पर वीर्येण देवताति चेकिते विश्वस्मा उग्रः कर्मणे पुरोहितः || स इद वने नमस्युभिर्वचस्यते चारु जनेषु परब्रुवाण इन्द्रियम | वर्षा छन्दुर्भवति हर्यतो वर्षा कषेमेण धेनाम्मघवा यदिन्वति || स इन महानि समिथानि मज्मना कर्णोति युध्म ओजसा जनेभ्यः | अधा चन शरद दधति तविषीमत इन्द्राय वज्रं निघनिघ्नते वधम || स हि शरवस्युः सदनानि कर्त्रिमा कष्मया वर्धान ओजसाविनाशयन | जयोतींषि कर्ण्वन्नव्र्काणि यज्यवे.अव सुक्रतुः सर्तवा अपः सर्जत || दानाय मनः सोमपावन्नस्तु ते.अर्वाञ्चा हरी वन्दनश्रुदा कर्धि | यमिष्ठासः सारथयो य इन्द्र ते न तवा केताा दभ्नुवन्ति भूर्णयः || अप्रक्षितं वसु बिभर्षि हस्तयोरषाळ्हं सहस्तन्वि शरुतो दधे | आव्र्तासो.अवतासो न कर्त्र्भिस्तनूषु ते करतवैन्द्र भूरयः || 56 एष पर पूर्वीरव तस्य चम्रिषो.अत्यो न योषामुदयंस्त भुर्वणिः | दक्षं महे पाययते हिरण्ययं रथमाव्र्त्या हरियोगं रभ्वसम || तं गूर्तयो नेमन्निषः परीणसः समुद्रं न संचरणे सनिष्यवः | पतिं दक्षस्य विदथस्य नू सहो गिरिं न वेना अधि रोह तेजसा || स तुर्वणिर्महानरेणु पौंस्ये गिरेर्भ्र्ष्टिर्न भराजते तुजा शवः | येन शुष्णं मायिनमायसो मदे दुध्राभूषु रामयन नि दामनि || देवी यदि तविषी तवाव्र्धोतय इन्द्रं सिषक्त्युषसं न सूर्यः | यो धर्ष्णुना शवसा बाधते तम इयर्ति रेणुं बर्हदर्हरिष्वणिः || वि यत तिरो धरुणमच्युतं रजो.अतिष्ठिपो दिव आतासुबर्हणा | सवर्मीळ्हे यन मद इन्द्र हर्ष्याहन वर्त्रं निरपामौब्जो अर्णवम || तवं दिवो धरुणं धिष ओजसा पर्थिव्या इन्द्र सदनेषु माहिनः | तवं सुतस्य मदे अरिणा अपो वि वर्त्रस्य समया पाष्यारुजः || 57 पर मंहिष्ठाय बर्हते बर्हद्रये सत्यशुष्माय तवसे मतिं भरे | अपामिव परवणे यस्य दुर्धरं राधो विश्वायुशवसे अपाव्र्तम || अध ते विश्वमनु हासदिष्टय आपो निम्नेव सवना हविष्मतः | यत पर्वते न समशीत हर्यत इन्द्रस्य वज्रः शनथिता हिरण्ययः || अस्मै भीमाय नमसा समध्वर उषो न शुभ्र आ भरापनीयसे | यस्य धाम शरवसे नामेन्द्रियं जयोतिरकारिहरितो नायसे || इमे त इन्द्र ते वयं पुरुष्टुत ये तवारभ्य चरामसि परभूवसो | नहि तवदन्यो गिर्वणो गिरः सघत कषोणीरिव परति नो हर्य तद वचः || भूरि त इन्द्र वीर्यं तव समस्यस्य सतोतुर्मघवन काममा पर्ण | अनु ते दयौर्ब्र्हती वीर्यं मम इयं च ते पर्थिवी नेम ओजसे || तवं तमिन्द्र पर्वतं महामुरुं वज्रेण वज्रिन पर्वशश्चकर्तिथ | अवास्र्जो निव्र्ताः सर्तवा अपः सत्रा विश्वं दधिषे केवलं सहः || 58 नू चित सहोजा अम्र्तो नि तुन्दते होता यद दूतो अभवद विवस्वतः | वि साधिष्ठेभिः पथिभी रजो मम आ देवताताहविषा विवासति || आ सवमद्म युवमानो अजरस्त्र्ष्वविष्यन्नतसेषु तिष्ठति | अत्यो न पर्ष्ठं परुषितस्य रोचते दिवो न सानु सतनयन्नचिक्रदत || कराणा रुद्रेभिर्वसुभिः पुरोहितो होता निषत्तो रयिषाळमर्त्यः | रथो न विक्ष्व रञ्जसान आयुषु वयानुषग वार्या देव रण्वति || वि वातजूतो अतसेषु तिष्ठते वर्था जुहूभिः सर्ण्या तुविष्वणिः | तर्षु यदग्ने वनिनो वर्षायसे कर्ष्णं त एम रुशदूर्मे अजर || तपुर्जम्भो वन आ वातचोदितो यूथे न साह्वानव वाति वंसगः | अभिव्रजन्नक्षितं पाजसा रजः सथातुश्चरथं भयते पतत्रिणः || दधुष टवा भर्गवो मानुषेष्वा रयिं न चारुं सुहवं जनेभ्यः | होतारमग्ने अतिथिं वरेण्यं मित्रं न शेवं दिव्याय जन्मने || होतारं सप्त जुह्वो यजिष्ठं यं वाघतो वर्णते अध्वरेषु | अग्निं विश्वेषामरतिं वसूनां सपर्यामि परयसा यामि रत्नम || अछिद्रा सूनो सहसो नो अद्य सतोत्र्भ्यो मित्रमहः शर्म यछ | अग्ने गर्णन्तमंहस उरुष्योर्जो नपात पूर्भिरायसीभिः || भवा वरूथं गर्णते विभावो भवा मघवन मघवद्भ्यःशर्म | उरुष्याग्ने अंहसो गर्णन्तं परातर्मक्षू धियावसुर्जगम्यात || 59 वया इदग्ने अग्नयस्ते अन्ये तवे विश्वे अम्र्ता मादयन्ते | वैश्वानर नाभिरसि कषितीनां सथूणेव जनानुपमिद ययन्थ || मूर्धा दिवो नाभिरग्निः पर्थिव्या अथाभवदरती रोदस्योः | तं तवा देवासो.अजनयन्त देवं वैश्वानर जयोतिरिदार्याय || आ सूर्ये न रश्मयो धरुवासो वैश्वानरे दधिरे.अग्ना वसूनि | या पर्वतेष्वोषधीष्वप्सु या मानुषेष्वसि तस्य राजा || बर्हती इव सूनवे रोदसी गिरो होता मनुष्यो न दक्षः | सवर्वते सत्यशुष्माय पूर्वीर्वैश्वानराय नर्तमाय यह्वीः || दिवश्चित ते बर्हतो जातवेदो वैश्वानर पर रिरिचे महित्वम | राजा कर्ष्टीनामसि मानुषीणां युधा देवेभ्यो वरिवश्चकर्थ || पर नू महित्वं वर्षभस्य वोचं यं पूरवो वर्त्रहणं सचन्ते | वैश्वानरो दस्युमग्निर्जघन्वानधूनोत काष्ठा अव शम्बरं भेत || वैश्वानरो महिम्ना विश्वक्र्ष्टिर्भरद्वाजेषु यजतो विभावा | शातवनेये शतिनीभिरग्निः पुरुणीथे जरते सून्र्तावान || 60 वह्निं यशसं विदथस्य केतुं सुप्राव्यं दूतं सद्योर्थम | दविजन्मानं रयिमिव परशस्तं रातिं भरद भर्गवेमातरिश्वा || अस्य शासुरुभयासः सचन्ते हविष्मन्त उशिजो ये च मर्ताः | दिवश्चित पूर्वो नयसादि होताप्र्छ्यो विश्पतिर्विक्षुवेधाः || तं नव्यसी हर्द आ जायमानमस्मत सुकीर्तिर्मधुजिह्वमश्याः | यं रत्विजो वर्जने मानुषासः परयस्वन्त आयवो जीजनन्त || उशिक पावको वसुर्मानुषेषु वरेण्यो होताधायि विक्षु | दमूना गर्हपतिर्दम आ अग्निर्भुवद रयिपती रयीणाम || तं तवा वयं पतिमग्ने रयीणां पर शंसामो मतिभिर्गोतमासः | आशुं न वाजम्भरं मर्जयन्तः परातर्मक्षू धियावसुर्जगम्यात || 61 अस्मा इदु पर तवसे तुराय परयो न हर्मि सतोमं माहिनाय | रचीषमायाध्रिगव ओहमिन्द्राय बरह्माणि राततमा || अस्मा इदु परय इव पर यंसि भराम्याङगूषं बाधे सुव्र्क्ति | इन्द्राय हर्दा मनसा मनीषा परत्नाय पत्ये धियोमर्जयन्त || अस्मा इदु तयमुपमं सवर्षां भराम्याङगूषमास्येन | मंहिष्ठमछोक्तिभिर्मतीनां सुव्र्क्तिभिः सूरिं वाव्र्धध्यै || अस्मा इदु सतोमं सं हिनोमि रथं न तष्टेव तत्सिनाय | गिरश्च गिर्वाहसे सुव्र्क्तीन्द्राय विश्वमिन्वं मेधिराय || अस्मा इदु सप्तिमिव शरवस्येन्द्रायार्कं जुह्वा समञ्जे | वीरं दानौकसं वन्दध्यै पुरां गूर्तश्रवसं दर्माणम || अस्मा इदु तवष्टा तक्षद वज्रं सवपस्तमं सवर्यं रणाय | वर्त्रस्य चिद विदद येन मर्म तुजन्नीशानस्तुजता कियेधाः || अस्येदु मातुः सवनेषु सद्यो महः पितुं पपिवाञ्चार्वन्ना | मुषायद विष्णुः पचतं सहीयान विध्यद वराहन्तिरो अद्रिमस्ता || अस्मा इदु गनाश्चिद देवपत्नीरिन्द्रायार्कमहिहत्य ऊवुः | परि दयावाप्र्थिवी जभ्र उर्वी नास्य ते महिमानं परिष्टः || अस्येदेव पर रिरिचे महित्वं दिवस पर्थिव्याः पर्यन्तरिक्षात | सवराळ इन्द्रो दम आ विश्वगूर्तः सवरिरमत्रो ववक्षे रणाय || अस्येदेव शवसा शुषन्तं वि वर्श्चद वज्रेण वर्त्रमिन्द्रः | गा न वराणा अवनीरमुञ्चदभि शरवो दावने सचेताः || अस्येदु तवेषसा रन्त सिन्धवः परि यद वज्रेण सीमयछत | ईशानक्र्द दाशुषे दशस्यन तुर्वीतये गाधं तुर्वणिः कः || अस्मा इदु पर भरा तूतुजानो वर्त्राय वज्रमीशानः कियेधाः | गोर्न पर्व वि रदा तिरश्चेष्यन्नर्णांस्यपां चरध्यै || अस्येदु पर बरूहि पूर्व्याणि तुरस्य कर्माणि नव्य उक्थैः | युधे यदिष्णान आयुधान्य रघायमाणो निरिणाति शत्रून || अस्येदु भिया गिरयश्च दर्ळ्हा दयावा च भूमा जनुषस्तुजेते | उपो वेनस्य जोगुवान ओणिं सद्यो भुवद वीर्याय नोधाः || अस्मा इदु तयदनु दाय्येषामेको यद वव्ने भूरेरीशानः | परैतशं सूर्ये पस्प्र्धानं सौवश्व्ये सुष्विमावदिन्द्रः || एवा ते हारियोजना सुव्र्क्तीन्द्र बरह्माणि गोतमासो अक्रन | ऐषु विश्वपेशसं धियं धाः परातर मक्षू धियावसुर जगम्यात|| 62 पर मन्महे शवसानाय शूषमाङगूषं गिर्वणसे अङगिरस्वत | सुव्र्क्तिभिः सतुवत रग्मियायार्चामार्कं नरे विश्रुताय || पर वो महे महि नमो भरध्वमाङगूष्यं शवसानाय साम | येना नः पूर्वे पितरः पदज्ञा अर्चन्तो अङगिरसो गा अविन्दन || इन्द्रस्याङगिरसां चेष्टौ विदत सरमा तनयाय धासिम | बर्हस्पतिर्भिनदद्रिं विदद गाः समुस्रियाभिर्वावशन्त नरः || स सुष्टुभा स सतुभा सप्त विप्रैः सवरेणाद्रिं सवर्यो नवग्वैः | सरण्युभिः फलिगमिन्द्र शक्र वलं रवेणदरयो दशग्वैः || गर्णानो अङगिरोभिर्दस्म वि वरुषसा सूर्येण गोभिरन्धः | वि भूम्या अप्रथय इन्द्र सानु दिवो रज उपरमस्तभायः || तदु परयक्षतममस्य कर्म दस्मस्य चारुतममस्ति दंसः | उपह्वरे यदुपरा अपिन्वन मध्वर्णसो नद्यश्चतस्रः || दविता वि वव्रे सनजा सनीळे अयास्य सतवमानेभिरर्कैः | भगो न मेने परमे वयोमन्नधारयद रोदसी सुदंसाः || सनाद दिवं परि भूमा विरूपे पुनर्भुवा युवती सवेभिरेवैः | कर्ष्णेभिरक्तोषा रुशद्भिर्वपुर्भिरा चरतो अन्यान्या || सनेमि सख्यं सवपस्यमानः सूनुर्दाधार शवसा सुदंसाः | आमासु चिद दधिषे पक्वमन्तः पयः कर्ष्णासु रुशद रोहिणीषु || सनात सनीला अवनीरवाता वरता रक्षन्ते अम्र्ताः सहोभिः | पुरू सहस्रा जनयो न पत्नीर्दुवस्यन्ति सवसारो अह्रयाणम || सनायुवो नमसा नव्यो अर्कैर्वसूयवो मतयो दस्म दद्रुः | पतिं न पत्नीरुशतीरुशन्तं सप्र्शन्ति तवा शवसावन्मनीषाः || सनादेव तव रायो गभस्तौ न कषीयन्ते नोप दस्यन्ति दस्म | दयुमानसि करतुमानिन्द्र धीरः शिक्षा शचीवस्तव नः शचीभिः || सनायते गोतम इन्द्र नव्यमतक्षद बरह्म हरियोजनाय | सुनीथाय नः शवसान नोधाः परातर मक्षू धियावसुर जगम्यात|| 63 तवं महानिन्द्र यो ह शुष्मैर्द्यावा जज्ञानः पर्थिवीमे धाः | यद ध ते विश्वा गिरयश्चिदभ्वा भिया दर्ळ्हासः किरणा नैजन || आ यद धरी इन्द्र विव्रता वेरा ते वज्रं जरिता बाह्वोर्धात | येनाविहर्यतक्रतो अमित्रान पुर इष्णासि पुरुहूत पूर्वीः || तवं सत्य इन्द्र धर्ष्णुरेतान तवं रभुक्षा नर्यस्त्वंषाट | तवं शुष्णं वर्जने पर्क्ष आणौ यूने कुत्सायद्युमते सचाहन || तवं ह तयदिन्द्र चोदीः सखा वर्त्रं यद वज्रिन वर्षकर्मन्नुभ्नाः | यद ध शूर वर्षमणः पराचैर्वि दस्यून्र्योनावक्र्तो वर्थाषाट || तवं ह तयदिन्द्रारिषण्यन दर्ळ्हस्य चिन मर्तानामजुष्टौ | वयस्मदा काष्ठा अर्वते वर्घनेव वज्रिञ्छ्नथिह्यमित्रान || तवां ह तयदिन्द्रार्णसातौ सवर्मीळ्हे नर आजा हवन्ते | तव सवधाव इयमा समर्य ऊतिर्वाजेष्वतसाय्या भूत || तवं ह तयदिन्द्र सप्त युध्यन पुरो वज्रिन पुरुकुत्साय दर्दः | बर्हिर्न यत सुदासे वर्था वर्गंहो राजन वरिवः पूरवे कः || तवं तयां न इन्द्र देव चित्रामिषमापो न पीपयः परिज्मन | यया शूर परत्यस्मभ्यं यंसि तमनमूर्जं न विश्वध कषरध्यै || अकारि त इन्द्र गोतमेभिर्ब्रह्माण्योक्ता नमसा हरिभ्याम | सुपेशसं वाजमा भरा नः परातर मक्षू धियावसुर जगम्यात || 64 वर्ष्णे शर्धाय सुमखाय वेधसे नोधः सुव्र्क्तिं पर भरा मरुद्भ्यः | अपो न धीरो मनसा सुहस्त्यो गिरः समञ्जे विदथेष्वाभुवः || ते जज्ञिरे दिव रष्वास उक्षणो रुद्रस्य मर्या असुरा अरेपसः | पावकासः शुचयः सूर्या इव सत्वानो न दरप्सिनोघोरवर्पसः || युवानो रुद्रा अजरा अभोग्घनो ववक्षुरध्रिगावः पर्वता इव | दर्ळ्हा चिद विश्वा भुवनानि पार्थिवा पर चयावयन्तिदिव्यानि मज्मना || चित्रैरञ्जिभिर्वपुषे वयञ्जते वक्षस्सु रुक्मानधि येतिरे शुभे | अंसेष्वेषां नि मिम्र्क्षुर रष्टयः साकं जज्ञिरे सवधया दिवो नरः || ईशानक्र्तो धुनयो रिशादसो वातान विद्युतस्तविषीभिरक्रत | दुहन्त्यूधर्दिव्यानि धूतयो भूमिं पिन्वन्ति पयसापरिज्रयः || पिन्वन्त्यपो मरुतः सुदानवः पयो घर्तवद विदथेष्वाभुवः | अत्यं न मिहे वि नयन्ति वाजिनमुत्सं दुहन्ति सतनयन्तमक्षितम || महिषासो मायिनश्चित्रभानवो गिरयो न सवतवसो रघुष्यदः | मर्गा इव हस्तिनः खादथा वना यदारुणीषु तविषीरयुग्ध्वम || सिंहा इव नानदति परचेतसः पिशा इव सुपिशो विश्ववेदसः | कषपो जिन्वन्तः पर्षतीभिर रष्टिभिः समित सबाधः शवसाहिमन्यवः || रोदसी आ वदता गणश्रियो नर्षाचः शूराः शवसाहिमन्यवः | आ वन्धुरेष्वमतिर्न दर्शता विद्युन न तस्थौ मरुतो रथेषु वः || विश्ववेदसो रयिभिः समोकसः सम्मिश्लासस्तविषीभिर्विरप्शिनः | अस्तार इषुं दधिरे गभस्त्योरनन्तशुष्मा वर्षखादयो नरः || हिरण्ययेभिः पविभिः पयोव्र्ध उज्जिघ्नन्त आपथ्यो न पर्वतान | मखा अयासः सवस्र्तो धरुवच्युतो दुध्रक्र्तो मरुतो भराजद्र्ष्टयः || घर्षुं पावकं वनिनं विचर्षणिं रुद्रस्य सूनुं हवसा गर्णीमसि | रजस्तुरं तवसं मारुतं गणं रजीषिणंव्र्षणं सश्चत शरिये || पर नू स मर्तः शवसा जनानति तस्थौ व ऊती मरुतो यमावत | अर्वद्भिर्वजं भरते धना नर्भिराप्र्छ्यंक्रतुमा कषेति पुष्यति || चर्क्र्त्यं मरुतः पर्त्सु दुष्टरं दयुमन्तं शुष्मं मघवत्सु धत्तन | धनस्प्र्तमुक्थ्यं विश्वचर्षणिं तोकं पुष्येम तनयं शतं हिमः || नू षठिरं मरुतो वीरवन्तं रतीषाहं रयिमस्मासु धत्त | सहस्रिणं शतिनं शूशुवांसं परातर मक्षू धियावसुर जगम्यात || 65 पश्वा न तायुं गुहा चतन्तं नमो युजानं नमो वहन्तम | सजोषा धीराः पदैरनु गमन्नुप तवा सीदन विश्वेयजत्राः || रतस्य देवा अनु वरता गुर्भुवत परिष्टिर्द्यौर्न भूम | वर्धन्तीमापः पन्वा सुशिश्विं रतस्य योना गर्भे सुजातम || पुष्टिर्न रण्वा कषितिर्न पर्थिवी गिरिर्न भुज्म कषोदो न शम्भु | अत्यो नाज्मन सर्गप्रतक्तः सिन्धुर्न कषोदः क ईं वराते || जामिः सिन्धूनां भरातेव सवस्रामिभ्यान न राजा वनान्यत्ति | यद वातजूतो वना वयस्थादग्निर्ह दाति रोमा पर्थिव्याः || शवसित्यप्सु हंसो न सीदन करत्वा चेतिष्ठो विशामुषर्भुत | सोमो न वेधा रतप्रजातः पशुर्न शिश्वा विभुर्दूरेभाः || 66 रयिर्न चित्रा सूरो न सन्द्र्गायुर्न पराणो नित्यो नसूनुः | तक्वा न भूर्णिर्वना सिषक्ति पयो न धेनुः शुचिर्विभावा || दाधार कषेममोको न रण्वो यवो न पक्वो जेता जनानाम | रषिर्न सतुभ्वा विक्षु परशस्तो वाजी न परीतो वयोदधति || दुरोकशोचिः करतुर्न नित्यो जायेव योनावरं विश्वस्मै | चित्रो यदभ्राट छवेतो न विक्षु रथो न रुक्मी तवेषः समत्सु || सेनेव सर्ष्टामं दधात्यस्तुर्न दिद्युत तवेषप्रतीका | यमो ह जातो यमो जनित्वं जारः कनीनां पतिर्जनीनाम || तं वश्चराथा वयं वसत्यास्तं न गावो नक्षन्त इद्धम | सिन्धुर्न कषोदः पर नीचीरैनोन नवन्त गावः सवर्द्र्शीके || 67 वनेषु जायुर्मर्तेषु मित्रो वर्णीते शरुष्टिं राजेवाजुर्यम | कषेमो न साधुः करतुर्न भद्रो भुवत सवाधिर्होता हव्यवाट || हस्ते दधानो नर्म्णा विश्वान्यमे देवान धाद गुहा निषीदन | विदन्तीमत्र नरो धियन्धा हर्दा यत तष्टान मन्त्रानशंसन || अजो न कषां दाधार पर्थिवीं तस्तम्भ दयां मन्त्रेभिः सत्यैः | परिया पदानि पश्वो नि पाहि विश्वायुरग्ने गुहा गुहं गाः || य ईं चिकेत गुहा भवन्तमा यः ससाद धारां रतस्य | वि ये चर्तन्त्य रता सपन्त आदिद वसूनि पर ववाचास्मै || वि यो वीरुत्सु रोधन महित्वोत परजा उत परसूष्वन्तः | चित्तिरपां दमे विश्वायुः सद्मेव धीराः सम्माय चक्रुः || 68 शरीणन्नुप सथाद दिवं भुरण्यु सथातुश्चरथमक्तून्व्यूर्णोत | परि यदेषामेको विश्वेषां भुवद देवो देवानां महित्वा || आदित ते विश्वे करतुं जुषन्त शुष्काद यद देव जीवो जनिष्ठाः | भजन्त विश्वे देवत्वं नाम रतं सपन्तो अम्र्तमेवैः || रतस्य परेषा रतस्य धीतिर्विश्वायुर्विश्वे अपांसि चक्रुः | यस्तुभ्यं दाशाद यो वा ते शिक्षात तस्मै चिकित्वान्रयिं दयस्व || होता निषत्तो मनोरपत्ये स चिन नवासां पती रयीणाम | इछन्त रेतो मिथस्तनूषु सं जानत सवैर्दक्षैरमूराः || पितुर्न पुत्राः करतुं जुषन्त शरोषन ये अस्य शासं तुरासः | वि राय और्णोद दुरः पुरुक्षुः पिपेश नाकं सत्र्भिर्दमूनाः || 69 शुक्रः शुशुक्वानुषो न जारः पप्रा समीची दिवो नज्योतिः | परि परजातः करत्वा बभूथ भुवो देवानां पिता पुत्रः सन || वेधा अद्र्प्तो अग्निर्विजानन्नूधर्न गोनां सवाद्मा पितूनाम | जने न शेव आहूर्यः सन मध्ये निषत्तो रण्वो दुरोणे || पुत्रो न जातो रण्वो दुरोणे वाजी न परीतो विशो वि तारीत | विशो यदह्वे नर्भिः सनीळा अग्निर्देवत्वा विश्वान्यश्याः || नकिष ट एता वरता मिनन्ति नर्भ्यो यदेभ्यः शरुष्टिं चकर्थ | तत तु ते दंसो यदहन समानैर्न्र्भिर्यद युक्तो विवे रपांसि || उषो न जारो विभावोस्रः संज्ञातरूपश्चिकेतदस्मै | तमना वहन्तो दुरो वय रण्वन नवन्त विश्वे सवर्द्र्शीके || 70 वनेम पूर्वीरर्यो मनीषा अग्निः सुशोको विश्वान्यश्याः | आ दैव्यानि वरता चिकित्वाना मानुषस्य जनस्य जन्म || गर्भो यो अपां गर्भो वनानां गर्भश्च सथातां गर्भश्चरथाम | अद्रौ चिदस्मा अन्तर्दुरोणे विशां न विश्वो अम्र्तः सवाधीः || स हि कषपावानग्नी रयीणां दाशद यो अस्मा अरं सूक्तैः | एता चिकित्वो भूमा नि पाहि देवानां जन्म मर्तांश्च विद्वान || वर्धान यं पूर्वीः कषपो विरूपा सथातुश्च रथं रतप्रवीतम | अराधि होता सवर्निषत्तः कर्ण्वन विश्वान्यपांसि सत्या || गोषु परशस्तिं वनेषु धिषे भरन्त विश्वे बलिं सवर्णः | वि तवा नरः पुरुत्रा सपर्यन पितुर्न जिव्रेर्वि वेदोभरन्त || साधुर्न गर्ध्नुरस्तेव शूरो यातेव भीमस्त्वेषः समत्सु || 71 उप पर जिन्वन्नुशतीरुशन्तं पतिं न नित्यं जनयः सनीळाः | सवसारः शयावीमरुषीमजुष्रञ्चित्रमुछन्तीमुषसं न गावः || वीळु चिद दर्ळ्हा पितरो न उक्थैरद्रिं रुजन्नङगिरसो रवेण | चक्रुर्दिवो बर्हतो गातुमस्मे अहः सवर्विविदुः केतुमुस्राः || दधन्न्र्तं धनयन्नस्य धीतिमादिदर्यो दिधिष्वो विभ्र्त्राः | अत्र्ष्यन्तीरपसो यन्त्यछा देवाञ जन्म परयसा वर्धयन्तीः || मथीद यदीं विभ्र्तो मातरिश्वा गर्हे-गर्हे शयेतो जेन्यो भूत | आदीं राज्ञे न सहीयसे सचा सन्ना दूत्यं भर्गवाणो विवाय || महे यत पित्र ईं रसं दिवे करव तसरत पर्शन्यश्चिकित्वान | सर्जदस्ता धर्षता दिद्युमस्मै सवायां देवो दुहितरि तविषिं धात || सव आ यस्तुभ्यं दम आ विभाति नमो वा दाशादुशतो अनु दयून | वर्धो अग्ने वयो अस्य दविबर्हा यासद राया सरथं यं जुनासि || अग्निं विश्वा अभि पर्क्षः सचन्ते समुद्रं न सरवतः सप्त यह्वीः | न जामिभिर्वि चिकिते वयो नो विदा देवेषु परमतिं चिकित्वान || आ यदिषे नर्पतिं तेज आनट छुचि रेतो निषिक्तं दयौरभीके | अग्निः शर्धमनवद्यं युवानं सवाध्यं जनयत सूदयच्च || मनो न यो.अध्वनः सद्य एत्येकः सत्रा सूरो वस्व ईशे | राजाना मित्रावरुणा सुपाणी गोषु परियमम्र्तं रक्षमाणा || मा नो अग्ने सख्या पित्र्याणि पर मर्षिष्ठा अभि विदुष कविः सन | नभो न रूपं जरिमा मिनाति पुरा तस्या अभिशस्तेरधीहि || 72 नि काव्या वेधसः शश्वतस कर्हस्ते दधानो नर्या पुरूणि | अग्निर्भुवद रयिपती रयीणां सत्रा चक्राणो अम्र्तानि विश्वा || अस्मे वत्सं परि षन्तं न विन्दन्निछन्तो विश्वे अम्र्ता अमूराः | शरमयुवः पदव्यो धियन्धास्तस्थुः पदे परमेचार्वग्नेः || तिस्रो यदग्ने शरदस्त्वामिच्छुचिं घर्तेन शुचयः सपर्यान | नामानि चिद दधिरे यज्ञियान्यसूदयन्त तन्वः सुजाताः || आ रोदसी बर्हती वेविदानाः पर रुद्रिया जभ्रिरे यज्ञियासः | विदन मर्तो नेमधिता चिकित्वानग्निं पदे परमे तस्थिवांसम || संजानाना उप सीदन्नभिज्ञु पत्नीवन्तो नमस्यं नमस्यन | रिरिक्वांसस्तन्वः कर्ण्वत सवाः सखा सख्युर्निमिषिरक्षमाणाः || तरिः सप्त यद गुह्यानि तवे इत पदाविदन निहिता यज्ञियासः | तेभी रक्षन्ते अम्र्तं सजोषाः पशूञ्च सथातॄञ्चरथं च पाहि || विद्वानग्ने वयुनानि कषितीनां वयानुषक छुरुधो जीवसेधाः | अन्तर्विद्वानध्वनो देवयानानतन्द्रो दूतो अभवो हविर्वाट || सवाध्यो दिव आ सप्त यह्वी रायो दुरो वय रतज्ञा अजानन | विदद गव्यं सरमा दर्ळ्हमूर्वं येना नु कं मानुषीभोजते विट || आ ये विश्वा सवपत्यानि तस्थुः कर्ण्वानासो अम्र्तत्वाय गातुम | मह्ना महद्भिः पर्थिवी वि तस्थे माता पुत्रैरदितिर्धायसे वेः || अधि सरियं नि दधुश्चारुमस्मिन दिवो यदक्षी अम्र्ता अक्र्ण्वन | अध कषरन्ति सिन्धवो न सर्ष्टाः पर नी चीरग्नेरुषीरजानन || 73 रयिर्न यः पित्र्वित्तो वयोधाः सुप्रणीतिश्चिकितुषो नशासुः | सयोनाशीरतिथिर्न परीणानो होतेव सद्म विधतो वि तारीत || देवो न यः सविता सत्यमन्मा करत्वा निपाति वर्जनानि विश्वा | पुरुप्रशस्तो अमतिर्न सत्य आत्मेव शेवो दिधिषाय्यो भूत || देवो न यः पर्थिवीं विश्वधाया उपक्षेति हितमित्रो न राजा | पुरःसदः शर्मसदो न वीरा अनवद्या पतिजुष्टेव नारी || तं तवा नरो दम आ नित्यमिद्धमग्ने सचन्त कषितिषु धरुवासु | अधि दयुम्नं नि दधुर्भूर्यस्मिन भवा विश्वायुर्धरुणो रयीणाम || वि पर्क्षो अग्ने मघवानो अश्युर्वि सूरयो ददतो विश्वमायुः | सनेम वाजं समिथेष्वर्यो भागं देवेषु शरवसेदधानाः || रतस्य हि धेनवो वावशानाः समदूध्नीः पीपयन्त दयुभक्ताः | परावतः सुमतिं भिक्षमाणा वि सिन्धवः समया सस्रुरद्रिम || तवे अग्ने सुमतिं भिक्षमाणा दिवि शरवो दधिरे यज्ञियासः | नक्ता च चक्रुरुषसा विरूपे कर्ष्णं च वर्णमरुणं च सं धुः || यान राये मर्तान सुषूदो अग्ने ते सयाम मघवानो वयं च | छायेव विश्वं भुवनं सिसक्ष्यापप्रिवान रोदसी अन्तरिक्षम || अर्वद्भिरग्ने अर्वतो नर्भिर्नॄन वीरैर्वीरान वनुयामा तवोताः | ईशानासः पित्र्वित्तस्य रायो वि सूरयः शतहिमा नो अश्युः || एता ते अग्न उचथानि वेधो जुष्टानि सन्तु मनसे हर्दे च | शकेम रायः सुधुरो यमं ते.अधि शरवो देवभक्तं दधानाः || 74 उपप्रयन्तो अध्वरं मन्त्रं वोचेमाग्नये | आरे अस्मे च शर्ण्वते || यः सनीहितीषु पूर्व्यः संजग्मानासु कर्ष्टिषु | अरक्षद दाशुषे गयम || उत बरुवन्तु जन्तव उदग्निर्व्र्त्रहाजनि | धनंजयो रणे-रणे || यस्य दूतो असि कषये वेषि हव्यानि वीतये | दस्मत कर्णोष्यध्वरम || तमित सुहव्यमङगिरः सुदेवं सहसो यहो | जना आहुः सुबर्हिषम || आ च वहासि तानिह देवानुप परशस्तये | हव्या सुश्चन्द्र वीतये || न योरुपब्दिरश्व्यः शर्ण्वे रथस्य कच्चन | यदग्नेयासि दूत्यम || तवोतो वाज्यह्रयो.अभि पूर्वस्मादपरः | पर दाश्वानग्ने अस्थात || उत दयुमत सुवीर्यं बर्हदग्ने विवाससि | देवेभ्यो देव दाशुषे || 75 जुषस्व सप्रथस्तमं वचो देवप्सरस्तमम | हव्या जुह्वानासनि || अथा ते अङगिरस्तमाग्ने वेधस्तम परियम | वोचेम बरह्म सानसि || कस्ते जामिर्जनानामग्ने को दाश्वध्वरः | को ह कस्मिन्नसि शरितः || तवं जामिर्जनानामग्ने मित्रो असि परियः | सखा सखिभ्य ईड्यः || यजा नो मित्रावरुणा यजा देवान रतं बर्हत | अग्ने यक्षिस्वं दमम || 76 का त उपेतिर्मनसो वराय भुवदग्ने शन्तमा का मनीषा | को वा यज्ञैः परि दक्षं त आप केन वा ते मनसादाशेम || एह्यग्न इह होता नि षीदादब्धः सु पुरेता भवा नः | अवतां तवा रोदसी विश्वमिन्वे यजा महे सौमनसाय देवान || पर सु विश्वान रक्षसो धक्ष्यग्ने भवा यज्ञानामभिशस्तिपावा | अथा वह सोमपतिं हरिभ्यामातिथ्यमस्मै चक्र्मा सुदाव्ने || परजावता वचसा वह्निरासा च हुवे नि च सत्सीह देवैः | वेषि होत्रमुत पोत्रं यजत्र बोधि परयन्तर्जनितर्वसूनाम || यथा विप्रस्य मनुषो हविर्भिर्देवानयजः कविभिः कविः सन | एवा होतः सत्यतर तवमद्याग्ने मन्द्रया जुह्वा यजस्व || 77 कथा दाशेमाग्नये कास्मै देवजुष्टोच्यते भामिने गीः | यो मर्त्येष्वम्र्त रतावा होता यजिष्ठ इत कर्णोति देवान || यो अध्वरेषु शन्तम रतावा होता तमू नमोभिरा कर्णुध्वम | अग्निर्यद वेर्मर्ताय देवान स चा बोधाति मनसायजाति || स हि करतुः स मर्यः स साधुर्मित्रो न भूदद्भुतस्य रथीः | तं मेधेषु परथमं देवयन्तीर्विश उप बरुवते दस्ममारीः || स नो नर्णां नर्तमो रिशाद अग्निर्गिरो.अवसा वेतु धीतिम | तना च ये मघवानः शविष्ठ वाजप्रसूता इषयन्तमन्म || एवाग्निर्गोतमेभिर्र्तावा विप्रेभिरस्तोष्ट जातवेदाः | स एषु दयुम्नं पीपयत स वाजं स पुष्टिं याति जोषमा चिकित्वान || 78 अभि तवा गोतमा गिरा जातवेदो विचर्षणे | दयुम्नैरभि पर णोनुमः || तमु तवा गोतमो गिरा रायस्कामो दुवस्यति | दयुम्नैर... || तमु तवा वाजसातममङगिरस्वद धवामहे | दयुम्नैर... || तमु तवा वर्त्रहन्तमं यो दस्यून्रवधूनुषे | दयुम्नैर.. . || अवोचाम रहूगणा अग्नये मधुमद वचः | दयुम्नैर... || 79 हिरण्यकेशो रजसो विसारे.अहिर्धुनिर्वात इव धरजीमान | शुचिभ्राजा उषसो नवेदा यशस्वतीरपस्युवो न सत्याः || आ ते सुपर्णा अमिनन्तमेवैः कर्ष्णो नोनाव वर्षभो यदीदम | शिवाभिर्न समयमानाभिरागात पतन्ति मिहः सतनयन्त्यभ्रा || यदीं रतस्य पयसा पियानो नयन्न्र्तस्य पथिभी रजिष्ठैः | अर्यमा मित्रो वरुनः परिज्मा तवचं पर्ञ्चन्त्युपरस्य योनौ || अग्ने वाजस्य गोमत ईशानः सहसो यहो | अस्मे धेहि जातवेदो महि शरवः || स इधनो वसुष कविरग्निरीळेन्यो गिरा | रेवदस्मभ्यम्पुर्वणीक दीदिहि || कषपो राजन्नुत तमनाग्ने वस्तोरुतोषसः | स तिग्मजम्भ रक्षसो दह परति || अवा नो अग्न ऊतिभिर्गायत्रस्य परभर्मणि | विश्वासु धीषु वन्द्य || आ नो अग्ने रयिं भर सत्रासाहं वरेण्यम | विश्वासु पर्त्सुदुष्टरम || आ नो अग्ने सुचेतुना रयिं विश्वायुपोषसम | मार्डीकं धेहि जीवसे || पर पूतास्तिग्मशोचिषे वाचो गोतमाग्नये | भरस्व सुम्नयुर्गिरः || यो नो अग्ने.अभिदासत्यन्ति दूरे पदीष्ट सः | अस्माकमिद वर्धे भव || सहस्राक्षो विचर्षणिरग्नी रक्षांसि सेधति | होता गर्णीत उक्थ्यः || 80 इत्था हि सोम इन मदे बरह्मा चकार वर्धनम | शविष्ठ वज्रिन्नोजसा पर्थिव्या निः शशा अहिमर्चन्ननु सवराज्यम || स तवामदद वर्षा मदः सोमः शयेनाभ्र्तः सुतः | येनाव्र्त्रं निरद्भ्यो जघन्थ वज्रिन्नोजसार्चन्न... || परेह्यभीहि धर्ष्णुहि न ते वज्रो नि यंसते | इन्द्र नर्म्णं हि ते शवो हनो वर्त्रं जया अपो.अर्चन्न... || निरिन्द्र भूम्या अधि वर्त्रं जघन्थ निर्दिवः | सर्जा मरुत्वतीरव जीवधन्या इमा अपो.अर्चन्न... || इन्द्रो वर्त्रस्य दोधतः सानुं वज्रेण हीळितः | अभिक्रम्याव जिघ्नते.अपः सर्माय चोदयन्नर्चन्न... || अधि सानौ नि जिघ्नते वज्रेण शतपर्वणा | मन्दान इन्द्रो अन्धसः सखिभ्यो गातुमिछत्यर्चन्न... || इन्द्र तुभ्यमिदद्रिवो.अनुत्तं वज्रिन वीर्यम | यद ध तयम्मायिनं मर्गं तमु तवं माययावधीरर्चन्न... || वि ते वज्रासो अस्थिरन नवतिं नाव्या अनु | महत त इन्द्र वीर्यं बाह्वोस्ते बलं हितमर्चन्न... || सहस्रं साकमर्चत परि षटोभत विंशतिः | शतैनमन्वनोनवुरिन्द्राय बरह्मोद्यतमर्चन्न... || इन्द्रो वर्त्रस्य तविषीं निरहन सहसा सहः | महत तदस्य पौंस्यं वर्त्रं जघन्वानस्र्जदर्चन्न... || इमे चित तव मन्यवे वेपेते भियसा मही | यदिन्द्र वज्रिन्नोजसा वर्त्रं मरुत्वानवधीरर्चन्न... || न वेपसा न तन्यतेन्द्रं वर्त्रो वि बीभयत | अभ्येनं वज्र आयसः सहस्रभ्र्ष्टिरायतार्चन्न... || यद वर्त्रं तव चशनिं वज्रेण समयोधयः | अहिमिन्द्रजिघांसतो दिवि ते बद्बधे शवो.अर्चन्न... || अभिष्टने ते अद्रिवो यत सथा जगच्च रेजते | तवष्टा चित तव मन्यव इन्द्र वेविज्यते भियार्चन्न... || नहि नु यादधीमसीन्द्रं को वीर्या परः | तस्मिन नर्म्णमुत करतुं देवा ओजांसि सं दधुरर्चन्न... || यमथर्व मनुष पिता दध्यं धियमत्नत | तस्मिन बरह्माणि पुर्वथेन्द्र उक्था समग्मतार्चन्न... || 81 [[en:Mandala 1]] 4268 11513 2006-11-02T08:17:48Z DaGizza 117 rv == कौटिलीय अर्थशास्त्र == 4270 10424 2006-04-26T20:42:57Z Eukesh 157 *[[भारतीय वास्तुशास्त्रं]] *[[चीनीया वास्तुशास्त्रं]] *[[पाश्चात्य वास्तुशास्त्रं]] 4272 10864 2006-07-06T19:27:04Z Eukesh 157 /* जिल्ला: */ == जिल्ला: == *[[काठमाडौं]] *[[ललितपुर]] *[[भक्तपुर]] *[[नुवाकोट]] *[[रसुवा]] *[[धादिङ]] *[[सिंधुपाल्चोक]] *[[काभ्रेपलान्चोल]] 4273 10431 2006-04-26T22:09:36Z Eukesh 157 नेपालस्य राजधानी व प्रमुख नगर काठमाडौं अस्ति। 4274 11273 2006-09-14T20:38:39Z Eukesh 157 /* बाह्य गवाक्षा: */ <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300" style="margin: 10px;"> <tr><th colspan="2" bgcolor=tomato><big>नेपाल भाषा</big></th></tr> <tr><td>वार्तालाप स्थान:<td> [[नेपाल]], [[भारत]] <tr><td>क्षेत्र<td>[[दक्षिण एशिया]] <tr><td>वक्ता<td> १० लाख <tr><td valign=top>[[भाषा परिवार]]<br>[[ भाषा वर्गीकरण]] <td>[[चीनी-तिब्बती]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp; [[तिब्बती-बर्मेली]]<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [[हिमाली]]<br> <br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''नेपाल भाय् ''' <tr><th colspan=2 bgcolor=tomato>भाषा कोड <tr><td>[[ISO 639]]-1<td>new </table> '''नेपाल भाषा''' [[चीनी-तिब्बती परिवार]]स्‍य एका [[भाषा]] अस्‍ति| [[नेपाल]] भाषा [[देवनागरी]],[[रन्जना]], [[प्रचलित]], [[ब्राह्मि]], [[भूजिँगोल]] आदि लिप्या लिख्यते| ==[[नेपाल भाषा साहित्यं]]== === लेखका: === *[[जयन्त वर्मा]] *[[लुन्तभद्र बज्राचार्य]] *[[जय प्रकाश मल्ल]] *[[सिद्धिदास महाजु]] *[[सिद्धिचरण श्रेष्ठ]] *[[शुक्रराज जोशी शास्त्री]] *[[चित्तधर "हृदय"]] *[[धूस्वां सायमी]] *[[बासु पासा]] == बाह्य गवाक्षा: == *http://www.jwajalapa.com *http://www.layalama.com [[Category:भाषा]] {{नेपाल}} [[bh:नेपाल भाषा]] [[br:Newareg]] [[de:Nepal Bhasa]] [[en:Nepal Bhasa]] [[eo:Nepal Bhasa]] [[fr:Néware]] [[hi:नेपाल भाषा]] [[id:Bahasa Nepal]] [[it:Lingua newari]] [[mr:नेपाल भाषा]] [[ms:Bahasa Nepal]] [[nl:Nepalbhasa]] [[ne:नेपाल भाषा]] [[pt:Língua bhasa de Nepal]] [[ru:Непали]] [[simple:Nepal Bhasa]] 4276 10918 2006-07-24T18:56:35Z Murtasa 17 [[ईशावास्‍य उपनिषद्]] moved to [[ईशावास्य उपनिषद्]]: ईशावास्यं इदं सर्वं यत् किञ्च जगत्यां जगत| तेन त्यक्तेन भुञ्जिथाः मा गृधः कस्य स्विद् धनम्|| 4284 10467 2006-05-13T06:22:50Z DaGizza 117 new cat A category for pages that need translating into Sanskrit. 4285 10490 2006-05-13T06:44:13Z DaGizza 117 [[असम]] moved to [[असाम]]: proper pronuciation #REDIRECT [[असाम]] 4288 10548 2006-05-15T09:49:40Z DaGizza 117 [[Agni]] moved to [[अग्नि]]: proper name #REDIRECT [[अग्नि]] 4289 11489 2006-10-29T05:47:23Z DaGizza 117 rv This is a [[Wikipedia:Category|category]] of [[Wikipedia:Stub|stub articles]]. Please check the articles listed here and remove the {{template link|stub}} tag from them if they have been expanded since the tag was originally added. 4291 13015 2006-12-19T11:47:18Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[am:ዬሬቫን]] '''येरेवान''' [[राजधानी]]ः [[आर्मीनिया]] अस्ति। {{stub}} [[am:ዬሬቫን]] [[ar:يريفان]] [[az:İrəvan]] [[be:Ерэван]] [[bg:Ереван]] [[bn:ইয়েরেভান]] [[bs:Erevan]] [[ca:Erevan]] [[cs:Jerevan]] [[da:Jerevan]] [[de:Eriwan]] [[en:Yerevan]] [[eo:Erevano]] [[es:Ereván]] [[et:Jerevan]] [[fa:ایروان]] [[fi:Jerevan]] [[fr:Erevan]] [[frp:Yèrèvan]] [[fy:Jerevan]] [[gl:Iereván - Երեվան]] [[he:ירוואן]] [[hr:Erevan]] [[hy:Երևան]] [[id:Yerevan]] [[it:Yerevan]] [[ja:エレバン]] [[ka:ერევანი]] [[ko:예레반]] [[ku:Êrîvan]] [[mk:Ереван]] [[nl:Erevan]] [[no:Jerevan]] [[pl:Erywań]] [[pt:Erevan]] [[ru:Ереван]] [[sh:Erevan]] [[simple:Yerevan]] [[sk:Jerevan]] [[sl:Erevan]] [[sr:Јереван]] [[sv:Jerevan]] [[tr:Erivan]] [[uk:Єреван]] [[zh:葉里溫]] 4292 10624 2006-06-09T08:26:37Z DaGizza 117 '''नील''' एकः [[वर्ण]]ः अस्ति । {{stub}} [[Category:वर्ण]] [[en:Blue]] [[simple:Blue]] 4293 10576 2006-05-24T09:24:37Z DaGizza 117 [[इस्रैल]] moved to [[इस्रेल]]: closer to proper pronunciation if written in Sanskrit devanagari #REDIRECT [[इस्रेल]] 4297 10597 2006-05-30T02:26:07Z 132.181.7.1 <div class="boilerplate metadata" id="translate" style="background: #ffd; border: 1px solid #aa8; margin: 0 2.5%; padding: 0 10px" font align="center"> <small>This page may contain English-language content that should be translated into Sanskrit.</small> </div> 4298 11958 2006-11-27T07:24:26Z DaGizza 117 delete {{delete}} 4301 13042 2006-12-20T11:31:03Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[ur:روم]] '''रोमा''' [[इटली]] देशस्य [[राजधानी]] अस्ति । इटली [[यूरोप]] दक्षिणे एक: प्राचीन क्षेत्र अस्‍ति । {{stub}} [[als:Rom]] [[am:ሮማ]] [[an:Roma]] [[ar:روما]] [[arc:ܪܘܡܐ]] [[ast:Roma]] [[be:Рым]] [[bg:Рим]] [[br:Roma]] [[bs:Rim]] [[ca:Roma]] [[cs:Řím]] [[cu:Римъ]] [[cv:Рим]] [[cy:Rhufain]] [[da:Rom]] [[de:Rom]] [[el:Ρώμη]] [[en:Rome]] [[eo:Romo]] [[es:Roma]] [[et:Rooma]] [[eu:Erroma]] [[fa:رم]] [[fi:Rooma]] [[fr:Rome]] [[frp:Roma]] [[fur:Rome]] [[ga:An Róimh]] [[gd:An Ròimh]] [[gl:Roma]] [[got:𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰]] [[he:רומא]] [[hi:रोम]] [[hr:Rim]] [[hu:Róma]] [[hy:Հռոմ]] [[ia:Roma]] [[id:Roma]] [[io:Roma]] [[is:Róm]] [[it:Roma]] [[ja:ローマ]] [[ka:რომი]] [[ko:로마]] [[kw:Rom]] [[la:Roma]] [[lb:Roum]] [[li:Roeme]] [[lt:Roma]] [[lv:Roma]] [[mk:Рим]] [[mr:रोम]] [[nap:Romma]] [[nds:Rom]] [[nl:Rome (stad)]] [[nn:Roma]] [[no:Roma]] [[nrm:Rome]] [[oc:Roma]] [[os:Рим]] [[pl:Rzym]] [[pms:Roma]] [[pt:Roma]] [[qu:Roma]] [[rm:Roma]] [[ro:Roma]] [[ru:Рим]] [[sc:Roma]] [[scn:Roma]] [[sh:Rim]] [[simple:Rome]] [[sk:Rím]] [[sl:Rim]] [[sq:Roma]] [[sr:Рим]] [[sv:Rom]] [[sw:Mji wa Roma]] [[th:โรม]] [[tl:Lungsod ng Roma]] [[tpi:Roma]] [[tr:Roma]] [[ty:Roma]] [[ug:رىم]] [[uk:Рим]] [[ur:روم]] [[vi:Roma]] [[vo:Roma]] [[zh:罗马市]] [[zh-min-nan:Lô-má]] 4302 10611 2006-06-08T13:06:04Z Sasidhar001 68 4303 10612 2006-06-08T13:07:41Z Sasidhar001 68 Omkara parvatham Omkara parvatham 4304 10613 2006-06-08T13:09:14Z Sasidhar001 68 Kailash parvat zoom view Kailash parvat zoom view 4305 10614 2006-06-08T13:09:54Z Sasidhar001 68 Manasarovar1 Manasarovar1 4306 13008 2006-12-19T08:02:09Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[am:ሊዝቦን]] '''लिस्बन''' [[राजधानी]]ः [[पुर्तगाल]]स्य अस्ति । {{stub}} [[af:Lissabon]] [[am:ሊዝቦን]] [[ar:لشبونة]] [[arc:ܠܫܒܘܢܐ]] [[ast:Lisboa]] [[be:Лісабон]] [[bg:Лисабон]] [[br:Lisbon]] [[bs:Lisabon]] [[ca:Lisboa]] [[co:Lisbona]] [[cs:Lisabon]] [[cy:Lisbon]] [[da:Lissabon]] [[de:Lissabon]] [[el:Λισαβώνα]] [[en:Lisbon]] [[eo:Lisbono]] [[es:Lisboa]] [[et:Lissabon]] [[eu:Lisboa]] [[fa:لیسبون]] [[fi:Lissabon]] [[fr:Lisbonne]] [[frp:Lisbona]] [[ga:Liospóin]] [[gd:Lisbon]] [[gl:Lisboa]] [[he:ליסבון]] [[hi:लिस्बन]] [[hr:Lisabon]] [[hu:Lisszabon]] [[id:Lisboa]] [[io:Lisboa]] [[is:Lissabon]] [[it:Lisbona]] [[ja:リスボン]] [[ka:ლისაბონი]] [[ko:리스본]] [[la:Lisbonum]] [[lb:Lissabon]] [[lt:Lisabona]] [[lv:Lisabona]] [[mr:लिस्बन]] [[ms:Lisbon]] [[nds:Lissabon]] [[nl:Lissabon]] [[nn:Lisboa]] [[no:Lisboa]] [[oc:Lisbona]] [[pl:Lizbona]] [[pt:Lisboa]] [[ro:Lisabona]] [[ru:Лиссабон]] [[sc:Lisbona]] [[scn:Lisbona]] [[sh:Lisabon]] [[simple:Lisbon]] [[sk:Lisabon]] [[sl:Lizbona]] [[sr:Лисабон]] [[sv:Lissabon]] [[tet:Lizboa]] [[tg:Лиссабон]] [[th:ลิสบอน]] [[tr:Lizbon]] [[ty:Lisboa]] [[ug:لىسابون]] [[vi:Lisboa]] [[zh:里斯本]] 4307 13009 2006-12-19T08:30:44Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[am:ማድሪድ]] '''माद्रिद''' [[राजधानी]]ः [[स्पेन]]स्य अस्ति । {{stub}} [[af:Madrid]] [[am:ማድሪድ]] [[an:Madrid]] [[ar:مدريد]] [[arc:ܡܕܪܝܕ]] [[ast:Madrid]] [[be:Мадрыд]] [[bg:Мадрид]] [[bs:Madrid]] [[ca:Madrid]] [[co:Madridi]] [[cs:Madrid]] [[cy:Madrid]] [[da:Madrid]] [[de:Madrid]] [[el:Μαδρίτη]] [[en:Madrid]] [[eo:Madrido]] [[es:Madrid]] [[et:Madrid]] [[eu:Madril]] [[fa:مادرید]] [[fi:Madrid]] [[fr:Madrid]] [[frp:Madrid (vela)]] [[ga:Maidrid]] [[gd:Madrid]] [[gl:Madrid]] [[he:מדריד]] [[hi:मद्रीद]] [[hr:Madrid]] [[hu:Madrid]] [[ia:Madrid]] [[id:Madrid]] [[io:Madrid]] [[is:Madrid]] [[it:Madrid]] [[ja:マドリード]] [[ka:მადრიდი]] [[ko:마드리드]] [[la:Matritum]] [[lad:Madrid]] [[lb:Madrid]] [[li:Madrid]] [[lt:Madridas]] [[lv:Madride]] [[nds:Madrid]] [[nl:Madrid (stad)]] [[nn:Madrid]] [[no:Madrid]] [[oc:Madrid]] [[pl:Madryt]] [[pt:Madrid]] [[ro:Madrid]] [[ru:Мадрид]] [[ru-sib:Мадрид]] [[scn:Madrid]] [[simple:Madrid]] [[sk:Madrid (hlavné mesto)]] [[sl:Madrid]] [[sq:Madridi]] [[sr:Мадрид]] [[sv:Madrid]] [[tg:Мадрид]] [[th:มาดริด]] [[tl:Lungsod ng Madrid]] [[tr:Madrid]] [[ty:Madrid]] [[ug:مادرىد]] [[uk:Мадрид]] [[vec:Madrid]] [[vi:Madrid]] [[vo:Madrid]] [[zh:马德里]] [[zh-min-nan:Madrid]] 4308 10617 2006-06-08T13:15:49Z Sasidhar001 68 4310 13012 2006-12-19T10:59:15Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[am:ኪሺንው]] '''चिशिनौ''' [[राजधानी]]ः [[मोल्दोवा]]स्य अस्ति । {{stub}} [[Category:नागरानि]] [[am:ኪሺንው]] [[ar:كيشيناو]] [[be:Кішынёў]] [[bg:Кишинев]] [[bs:Kišinjev]] [[ca:Chişinău]] [[cs:Kišiněv]] [[da:Chişinău]] [[de:Chişinău]] [[el:Κισινάου]] [[en:Chişinău]] [[eo:Kiŝinevo]] [[es:Chisinau]] [[et:Chişinău]] [[eu:Chisinau]] [[fi:Chişinău]] [[fr:Chişinău]] [[gl:Chisinau]] [[he:קישינאו]] [[hi:चिशिनाउ]] [[hr:Kišinjev]] [[hu:Kisinyov]] [[hy:Կիշինյով]] [[id:Kishinev]] [[io:Chisinau]] [[it:Chişinău]] [[ja:キシナウ]] [[ka:კიშინიოვი]] [[ko:키시너우]] [[lt:Kišiniovas]] [[lv:Kišiņeva]] [[mo:Кишинэу]] [[nl:Chisinau]] [[no:Chişinău]] [[pl:Kiszyniów]] [[pt:Chişinău]] [[rm:Chisinau]] [[ro:Chişinău]] [[ru:Кишинёв]] [[sh:Kišinjev]] [[simple:Chişinău]] [[sk:Kišiňov]] [[sq:Chişinău]] [[sr:Кишињев]] [[sv:Chişinău]] [[tr:Kişinev]] [[zh:基希讷乌]] 4311 10623 2006-06-09T08:26:15Z DaGizza 117 [[नीला]] moved to [[नील]] #REDIRECT [[नील]] 4312 13037 2006-12-20T09:45:46Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[bpy:পুনে]] '''पुणे''' [[भारत]] देशे एकः नागरम् अस्ति । {{stub}} [[Category:नागरानि]] [[bpy:পুনে]] [[de:Pune]] [[en:Pune]] [[fi:Pune]] [[fr:Pune]] [[he:פונה]] [[hi:पुणे]] [[id:Pune]] [[ja:プネー]] [[kn:ಪುಣೆ]] [[lt:Puna (Indija)]] [[mr:पुणे]] [[nl:Poona]] [[pl:Pune]] [[pt:Pune]] [[ro:Pune]] [[ru:Пуна]] [[simple:Pune]] [[sv:Pune]] [[ta:புனே]] [[zh:浦那]] 4313 13021 2006-12-20T04:33:50Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[bpy:কাতোল]] '''नागपुर''' [[भारत]] देशे एकः नागरम् अस्ति । {{stub}} [[Category:नागरानि]] [[bpy:কাতোল]] [[de:Nagpur]] [[en:Nagpur]] [[fi:Nagpur]] [[fr:Nagpur]] [[hi:नागपुर]] [[id:Nagpur]] [[ja:ナーグプル]] [[lt:Nagpuras]] [[nl:Nagpur]] [[pl:Nagpur]] [[pt:Nagpur]] [[ro:Nagpur]] [[ru:Нагпур]] [[sv:Nagpur]] [[ta:நாக்பூர்]] 4314 10638 2006-06-16T12:55:47Z NeeleshBodas 172 <font size="3"> विद्या ददाति विनयम्, विनयाद्याति पात्रताम्। <br> पात्रत्वाद्धनमाप्नोति, धनाद्धर्मं ततः सुखम्॥ <br><br> विद्या नाम नरस्य रूपमधिकम्, प्रच्छन्नगुप्तं धनम्। <br> विद्या भोगकरी, यशःसुखकरी, विद्या गुरुणां गुरुः॥ <br> विद्या बन्धुजनो विदेशगमने, विद्या परा देवता। <br> विद्या राजसु पूज्यते, नहि धनम्, विद्याविहीनः पशुः ॥ <br><br> न चोरहार्यं, न राजहार्यं, न भ्रातृभाज्यं न च भारकारी। <br> व्यये कृते वर्धत एव नित्यं, विद्याधनं सर्वधनप्रधानम्॥ <br><br> नहि ज्ञानेन सदृशं पवित्रं इह विद्यते। <br> तत् स्वयं योगसंसिद्धः कालेनात्मनि विन्दति॥ </font> 4317 12890 2006-12-18T19:32:59Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[vi:Bengaluru]] '''बंगलोर''' [[भारत]] देशे एकः नागरम् अस्ति । {{stub}} [[Category:नागरानि]] [[bg:Бангалор]] [[bn:বাঙ্গালোর]] [[bpy:বাঙ্গালোর]] [[br:Bangalore]] [[de:Bengaluru]] [[en:Bangalore]] [[eo:Bangaloro]] [[es:Bangalore]] [[fi:Bangalore]] [[fr:Bangalore]] [[gl:Bangalore - ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು]] [[gu:બેંગલોર]] [[hi:बंगलोर]] [[hu:Bangalor]] [[id:Bengaluru]] [[it:Bangalore]] [[ja:バンガロール]] [[kn:ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು]] [[kw:Bengalour]] [[lt:Bengalūras]] [[lv:Bangalora]] [[ml:ബാംഗ്ലൂര്‍]] [[mr:बंगळूर]] [[nl:Bangalore]] [[no:Bangalore]] [[pl:Bangalur]] [[pt:Bangalore]] [[ro:Bangalore]] [[ru:Бангалор]] [[scn:Bangaluri]] [[simple:Bangalore]] [[sr:Бангалор]] [[sv:Bangalore]] [[ta:பெங்களூர்]] [[te:బెంగళూరు]] [[tr:Bangalore]] [[uk:Бангалор]] [[ur:بنگلور]] [[vi:Bengaluru]] [[zh:班加羅爾]] 4318 13043 2006-12-20T11:40:44Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[bpy:মারগাও]], [[ro:Madgaon]] Modifying: [[en:Margao]] '''मडगांव''' [[भारत]] देशे एकः नागरम् अस्ति । {{stub}} [[Category:नागरानि]] [[bpy:মারগাও]] [[de:Margao]] [[en:Margao]] [[ro:Madgaon]] 4319 10651 2006-06-21T08:15:19Z DaGizza 117 '''कानपुर''' [[भारत]] देशे एकः नागरम् अस्ति । {{stub}} [[Category:नागरानि]] 4320 10662 2006-06-26T01:05:18Z DaGizza 117 '''राँची''' [[झारखंड]]स्य राजधानी अस्ति । {{stub}} [[Category:नागरानि]] 4322 10675 2006-07-01T19:06:42Z MediaWiki default /** CSS placed here will be applied to all skins */ 4323 10678 2006-07-01T19:06:42Z MediaWiki default Account created 4324 10679 2006-07-01T19:06:42Z MediaWiki default The user account for $1 has been created. 4325 10687 2006-07-01T19:06:43Z MediaWiki default Redirecting to [[$1]] 4326 10688 2006-07-01T19:06:43Z MediaWiki default The text of '''your edits''' to '''$1''' is shown below: 4327 10689 2006-07-01T19:06:43Z MediaWiki default The source of '''$1''' is shown below: 4328 10693 2006-07-01T19:06:43Z MediaWiki default b 4329 10694 2006-07-01T19:06:43Z MediaWiki default Undelete 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You should check the $1 before proceeding to upload it again. 4339 10716 2006-07-01T19:06:43Z MediaWiki default Group: 4340 10717 2006-07-01T19:06:43Z MediaWiki default (all) 4341 10718 2006-07-01T19:06:43Z MediaWiki default Bots 4342 10719 2006-07-01T19:06:43Z MediaWiki default Bot 4343 10720 2006-07-01T19:06:43Z MediaWiki default Bureaucrats 4344 10721 2006-07-01T19:06:43Z MediaWiki default Bureaucrat 4345 10722 2006-07-01T19:06:43Z MediaWiki default Stewards 4346 10723 2006-07-01T19:06:43Z MediaWiki default Steward 4347 10724 2006-07-01T19:06:43Z MediaWiki default Sysops 4348 10725 2006-07-01T19:06:43Z MediaWiki default Sysop 4349 10726 2006-07-01T19:06:43Z MediaWiki default {{ns:project}}:Bots 4350 10727 2006-07-01T19:06:43Z MediaWiki default {{ns:project}}:Bureaucrats 4351 10728 2006-07-01T19:06:43Z MediaWiki default {{ns:project}}:Administrators 4352 10729 2006-07-01T19:06:43Z MediaWiki default Revision history for this page on the wiki 4353 10730 2006-07-01T19:06:43Z MediaWiki default The requested page doesn't exist. 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All transwiki import actions are logged at the [[Special:Log/import|import log]]. 4359 10737 2006-07-01T19:06:43Z MediaWiki default transwikied $1 4360 10738 2006-07-01T19:06:43Z MediaWiki default $1 revision(s) from $2 4361 11427 2006-10-25T19:58:48Z MediaWiki default 207 imported [[$1]] by file upload 4362 10740 2006-07-01T19:06:43Z MediaWiki default $1 revision(s) 4363 11159 2006-08-31T19:13:03Z MediaWiki default $1 {{PLURAL:$1|revision|revisions}} 4364 10742 2006-07-01T19:06:43Z MediaWiki default Bad interwiki link 4365 10743 2006-07-01T19:06:43Z MediaWiki default Couldn't open import file 4366 10744 2006-07-01T19:06:43Z MediaWiki default Import log 4367 10745 2006-07-01T19:06:43Z MediaWiki default Administrative imports of pages with edit history from other wikis. 4368 10746 2006-07-01T19:06:43Z MediaWiki default No pages to import. 4369 10747 2006-07-01T19:06:43Z MediaWiki default Importing pages... 4370 10748 2006-07-01T19:06:43Z MediaWiki default Unknown import source type 4371 10750 2006-07-01T19:06:44Z MediaWiki default - 4372 10751 2006-07-01T19:06:44Z MediaWiki default Language: $1 4373 10752 2006-07-01T19:06:44Z MediaWiki default * Deutsch|de * English|en * Esperanto|eo * Français|fr * Español|es * Italiano|it * Nederlands|nl 4374 10756 2006-07-01T19:06:44Z MediaWiki default Metadata (see [[{{ns:project}}:Metadata]] for an explanation): 4375 10762 2006-07-01T19:06:44Z MediaWiki default $1 {{PLURAL:$1|member|members}} 4376 10765 2006-07-01T19:06:44Z MediaWiki default '''There is no page titled "$1".''' 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We could not process your edit due to a loss of session data.</strong> ''Because this wiki has raw HTML enabled, the preview is hidden as a precaution against JavaScript attacks.'' <strong>If this is a legitimate edit attempt, please try again. If it still doesn't work, try logging out and logging back in.</strong> 4397 10803 2006-07-01T19:06:44Z MediaWiki default For newbies 4398 10804 2006-07-01T19:06:44Z MediaWiki default Newer $1 4399 10805 2006-07-01T19:06:44Z MediaWiki default Newest 4400 10806 2006-07-01T19:06:44Z MediaWiki default Older $1 4401 10807 2006-07-01T19:06:44Z MediaWiki default Oldest 4402 10808 2006-07-01T19:06:44Z MediaWiki default Show new images starting from $1 4403 10811 2006-07-01T19:06:44Z MediaWiki default Expand watchlist to show all applicable changes 4404 10812 2006-07-01T19:06:45Z MediaWiki default Hide bot edits from the watchlist 4405 10813 2006-07-01T19:06:45Z MediaWiki default Hide my edits from the watchlist 4406 10816 2006-07-01T19:06:45Z MediaWiki default [[User:$1|$1]] has been unblocked 4407 10817 2006-07-01T19:06:45Z MediaWiki default Uncategorized images 4408 10820 2006-07-01T19:06:45Z MediaWiki default Comment: 4409 10821 2006-07-01T19:06:45Z MediaWiki default $1 file(s) restored 4410 10822 2006-07-01T19:06:45Z MediaWiki default <big>'''$1 has been restored'''</big> Consult the [[Special:Log/delete|deletion log]] for a record of recent deletions and restorations. 4411 10823 2006-07-01T19:06:45Z MediaWiki default $1 revisions and $2 file(s) restored 4412 10824 2006-07-01T19:06:45Z MediaWiki default To restore the entire page, leave all checkboxes deselected and click '''''Restore'''''. To perform a selective restoration, check the boxes corresponding to the revisions to be restored, and click '''''Restore'''''. Clicking '''''Reset''''' will clear the comment field and all checkboxes. 4413 10825 2006-07-01T19:06:45Z MediaWiki default Reset 4414 10826 2006-07-01T19:06:45Z MediaWiki default Unused templates 4415 10827 2006-07-01T19:06:45Z MediaWiki default This page lists all pages in the template namespace which are not included in another page. Remember to check for other links to the templates before deleting them. 4416 10828 2006-07-01T19:06:45Z MediaWiki default other links 4417 10830 2006-07-01T19:06:45Z MediaWiki default Upload a new version of this file 4418 10833 2006-07-01T19:06:45Z MediaWiki default for $1 4419 10835 2006-07-01T19:06:45Z MediaWiki default Please $1 to view or edit items on your watchlist. 4420 10836 2006-07-01T19:06:45Z MediaWiki default Clear watchlist 4421 11474 2006-10-25T19:59:01Z MediaWiki default 207 Your watchlist has been cleared. {{PLURAL:$1|$1 item was|$1 items were}} removed. 4422 10838 2006-07-01T19:06:45Z MediaWiki default Are you sure you wish to remove them? 4423 11475 2006-10-25T19:59:01Z MediaWiki default 207 '''You have {{PLURAL:$1|$1 item|$1 items}} on your watchlist, including talk pages.''' 4424 10840 2006-07-01T19:06:45Z MediaWiki default (for '''$1''') 4425 10843 2006-07-01T19:06:45Z MediaWiki default Done. 4428 10859 2006-07-06T19:09:16Z Eukesh 157 * [[पाश्चात्य चिकित्सा शास्त्र]] * [[आयुर्वेद]] * [[सिद्ध]] 4429 10860 2006-07-06T19:11:19Z Eukesh 157 * [[शल्य चिकित्सा]] * [[औषधि चिकित्सा]] * [[विकिरण चिकित्सा]] * [[मानसिक चिकित्सा]] 4430 10862 2006-07-06T19:15:00Z Eukesh 157 *[[महायान]] *[[बज्रयान]] *[[थेरवाद]] 4433 10871 2006-07-08T17:16:37Z HPN 22 [[Digits in Sanskrit]] moved to [[संख्यानि]] #REDIRECT [[संख्यानि]] 4435 10900 2006-07-18T09:11:10Z DaGizza 117 delete {{Delete}} 4436 10910 2006-07-24T18:38:16Z Murtasa 17 delete ∆∫∆˚∂ƒ∫˚˙¨∂¨˚¨¥£•¨ø•¨©÷¬ß˚ø¢ˆª¨•ªç•åߪˆßªˆƒßø˚ºªºªºƒˆø˚∫çø∆∫√˚≈∆çˆßƒˆ¨∆ ƒ∂¬˚∂¬÷ƒ∂¬˚ƒ¬˚≈¬≤≤≤≤≤≤≤≤≤≤∑¬˚®ª´®¬√ˆ∂∆øˆ∆πˆ∆¬˚…¬∂˚÷˙ƒø˚∆…¬˚∆˚¬ç¬˚߬ç˚∆¬˚∆÷©¬∂∆øø∆çøˆß¿ÏÒÎÚÏÒÎ∏˝ˆØˆ‰·ˇ´ˆ‰Ø‚°·›‹º∞ªºª•øπˆ∆∂¬∆√¬ {{delete}} 4437 10919 2006-07-24T18:56:35Z Murtasa 17 [[ईशावास्‍य उपनिषद्]] moved to [[ईशावास्य उपनिषद्]]: #REDIRECT [[ईशावास्य उपनिषद्]] 4438 12264 2006-12-06T03:28:26Z सहाय 223 महाकवि [[कालिदास|कालिदासेन]] विरचितं '''मेघदूत'''मेकं खण्डकाव्यमस्ति। काव्यमिदं पूर्व मेघदूतमुत्तरमेघदूतम् खण्डद्वये विभक्तमस्ति। काव्येस्मिन् विरह-गुरुणा पीडितस्यैकस्य [[यक्ष]]स्य कथाऽस्ति। यक्षः कुबेरस्य सेवकः आसीत् । सः स्वकार्येषु प्रमत्तः अभवत्। [[कुबेर]]स्य शापेन सः वर्षमेक-पर्यन्तं [[रामगिरि]] पर्वते न्यवसत्। ततः स्व प्रेयसीं प्रति मेघेन संदेशं प्रेषितवान्। [[en:Meghadutam]] 4439 12927 2006-12-18T21:38:01Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[ja:ラグ・ヴァンシャ]] '''रघुवंशम्''' महाकवि [[कालिदास|कालिदासेन]] विरचितमेकं महाकाव्यमस्ति। महाकाव्येऽस्मिन् राज्ञः रघोः वंशस्य पूर्णं वर्णनमस्ति। [[सूर्य]]-प्रभवस्यास्य वंशस्य [[मनु]], [[दिलीप]], [[अज]], [[दशरथ]], रामादिनां सर्वेषां नृपाणां विस्तृतं वर्णनमस्ति। महाकाव्यमिदं भारतीय-संस्कृतेः पूर्णं परिचयं ददाति। शास्त्री नित्यगोपाल काटारे {{stub}} [[en:Raghuvamsha (play)]] [[hi:रघुवंश]] [[ja:ラグ・ヴァンシャ]] 4441 12257 2006-12-06T03:23:02Z सहाय 223 '''मालविकाग्निमित्रम्''' कविकुलगुरु-महाकवि-[[कालिदास]]स्य नाटकेष्वेकं प्रसिद्धं नाटकमस्ति। नाटकस्यास्य नायकः अग्निमित्रं नायिका मालविका चास्ति। कारणेनानेनास्य नाम मालविकाग्निमित्रमभवत् ।नाटकेऽस्मिन् उपमालंकारस्य प्राधान्येन '' उपमा कालिदासस्य ''इत्युक्तिः चरितार्था भवति। [[en:Mālavikāgnimitram]] {{stub}} 4442 11218 2006-09-03T18:24:11Z Nityagopal Katare 182 '''हरिद्वार''' [[भारत]] देशे एकम् नगरम् अस्ति ।सुप्रसिद्धं तीर्थस्थलमिदम् भारतस्योत्तरे गंगातीरे वर्तते । {{stub}} [[Category:नगराणि]] 4447 13038 2006-12-20T09:57:00Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[bpy:পোর্ট ব্লেয়ার]] '''पोर्ट ब्लेयर''' [[भारत]] देशे एकः नागरम् अस्ति । {{stub}} [[Category:नागरानि]] [[bn:পোর্ট ব্লেয়ার]] [[bpy:পোর্ট ব্লেয়ার]] [[de:Port Blair]] [[en:Port Blair]] [[fr:Port Blair]] [[hi:पोर्ट ब्लेयर]] [[ja:ポートブレア]] [[nl:Port Blair]] [[no:Port Blair]] [[ro:Port Blair]] [[sv:Port Blair]] [[zh:布萊爾港]] 4448 13028 2006-12-20T05:50:39Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: bpy, ca, de, sv Modifying: en '''चेरापूँजी''' [[भारत]] देशे एकः नागरम् अस्ति । {{stub}} [[Category:नागरानि]] [[bpy:চেরাপুঞ্জি]] [[ca:Cherrapunji]] [[de:Cherrapunji]] [[en:Cherrapunji]] [[sv:Cherrapunji]] 4449 10967 2006-08-04T23:24:29Z Murtasa 17 '''मथुरा''' [[भारत]] देशे एकः नागरम् अस्ति । {{stub}} [[Category:नागरानि]] [[en:Mathura]] 4450 10953 2006-08-02T10:06:35Z DaGizza 117 नूतन '''मैसूर''' [[भारत]] देशे एकः नागरम् अस्ति । {{stub}} [[Category:नागरानि]] [[en:Mysore]] 4451 13041 2006-12-20T10:52:01Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[bpy:বারানসি]] '''वाराणसी''' [[भारत]] देशे एकः नागरम् अस्ति । {{stub}} [[Category:नागरानि]] [[bpy:বারানসি]] [[cv:Варанаси]] [[de:Varanasi]] [[en:Varanasi]] [[eo:Varanasio]] [[es:Benarés]] [[fi:Varanasi]] [[fr:Vârânasî]] [[hi:वाराणसी]] [[id:Varanasi]] [[it:Varanasi]] [[ja:ワーラーナシー]] [[ko:바라나시]] [[lt:Varanasis]] [[nl:Benares]] [[pl:Waranasi]] [[pt:Varanasi]] [[ro:Varanasi]] [[ru:Варанаси]] [[sr:Варанаси]] [[sv:Varanasi]] [[ta:வாரணாசி]] [[th:พาราณสี]] 4452 12266 2006-12-06T03:29:50Z सहाय 223 '''ऋतुसंहारम्''' महाकवि [[कालिदास|कालिदसेन]] विरचितमेकमत्यधिकं प्रसिद्धं काव्यमस्ति। काव्येस्मिन् [[ग्रीष्म]], [[वर्षा]], [[शरद]], [[हेमन्त]], [[शिशिर]], [[वसन्त|वसन्तानां]] षड ऋतूणां सुमनोहरं विस्तृतं वर्णनमस्ति। अस्मिन् काव्ये प्रकृत्याः विराट् स्वरूपस्य दर्शनं भवति। [[en:Ritu Samhaaram]] 4453 10991 2006-08-11T10:19:02Z DaGizza 117 en '''महाभारतम्''' महर्षि वेदव्यासेन विरचितं बहु प्रसिद्धं इतिहास ग्रन्थं अस्ति । अस्मिन् ग्रन्थे कौरव-पाण्डवानां मध्ये महा युद्दं अभवत् तस्यैव युद्धस्य नाम महाभारतं प्रसिद्धं अस्ति । अष्टादश स्कन्धेसु विभक्तेऽस्ममिन् ग्रन्थैव श्रीमद्भगवद्गीतापि विद्यते । भगवता कृष्णेन मोहग्रस्तं अर्जुनं कर्मयोगस्य शिक्षां प्रदत्तम् । {{stub}} [[en:Mahabharata]] 4456 11538 2006-11-03T17:50:47Z 38.112.112.254 yo 4457 10981 2006-08-08T18:30:28Z Nityagopal Katare 182 संस्कृतस्य आधुनिकाः साहित्यकाराः संस्कृतस्य आधुनिकाः साहित्यकाराः विश्वस्य प्राचीनतमा संस्कृतभाषायाः प्राचीन साहित्यं तु सर्वाधिकं समृद्धमस्त्येव किन्तु वर्तमाने आधुनिक कालेऽपि संस्कृत कवीनां , लेखकानां च अभावः नास्ति। यत्र एकतः संस्कृत पत्र पत्रिकाः, दैनिक समाचार पत्राणि प्रकाशितानि भवन्ति, अपरतः सहस्राधिकाः कवयः, लेखकाश्च निरन्तरं कविताः , नाटकानि , कथाः , उपन्यासादीनि लिखित्वा संस्कृतं मृतभाषा भाषमाणानां जनानां मूर्खत्वं सिद्ध्यन्ति। वर्तमान समये भारतस्य सर्वेषु प्रदेशेषु समान रूपेण संस्कृतस्य ग्रन्थाः लिख्यन्ते पठ्यन्ते च। संस्कृतस्य आधुनिकैः साहित्यकारैः लिखित-सर्वपुस्तकानां परिचयःअत्र संभवः नास्ति परन्तु तेषां बहु चर्चित कृतीनां परिचयः निम्नानुसारः अस्ति। क्रमांकः साहित्यकारस्य नाम कृतेः नाम १ श्री के०एल० रंगीलादासः व्यंगात्मिका काँग्रेस गीता २ श्री के० कल्याणी भारती विलापः ३ श्री एम०के०ताताचार्यः भारती मनोरथम् ४ श्री जी०वी पद्मनाभाचार्यः पवनदूतम् ५ श्री गणपति शास्त्री ध्रुव चरितम् ,ताटका परिणयम् , तिरगशतकम् ६ श्री विजयराघवः सुरभिसंदेशम् ७ श्री त्रिशूरनारायण मूष कपोत संदेशम् ८ श्री रंगाचारी पिकसंदेशम् ९ श्री सी० सुगन्नि नायर सीताहरणम् १० श्री रवि वर्मा तम्बूरान पद्मपेटिका ११ श्रीसुन्दर राजन सुरश्मिकाशमीरम् ,अभाणभारम् १२ श्री सूर्यमणि रथः समस्यापूर्ति शतकम् १३ श्री केशवचन्द्रदासः ईशा १४ श्री के० रामावतार शर्मा मुद्गर दूतम् १५ श्री तापेश्वर सिंह तपस्वी पनर्मिलनम् ,हरप्रिया १६ श्री वनेश्वर पाठकः प्लवंगदूतम् , हीरोचरितम् १७ श्री रामाशीष पाण्डेय मयूखदूतम् , काव्यकादम्बकम् १८ श्री अभिराज राजेन्द्रः आर्यान्योक्तिशतकम् ,नवाष्टकमल्लिका ,चौरशतकम् १९ श्री पी०के०नारायण पिल्लई मयूरदूतम् २० श्री कृष्णमूर्तिः मत्कुणाष्टकम् २१ श्री राजगोपाल चक्रवर्ति मधुकरदूतम् २२ श्री के०एस०राजगोपालाचार्यः शुकसंदेशम् २३ श्री आसुरि अनन्ताचार्यः सम्मार्जनीशतकम् २४ श्री श्री निवासाचार्य जालिहाल श्री तीर्थक्षेत्र विलसकाव्यम् २५ श्री प्रमथनाथ तर्क कोकिलदूतम् २६ श्री विधुशेखर भट्टाचार्यः यौवन विलास २७ श्री म०क०कोच नरसिंहाचार्यः पिकसंदेशम् ,गरुडसंदेशम् २८ श्री बी०सुब्बाराव दक्षिणात्य मेघसंदेशम् २९ श्री जगन्नाथ पाठकः कपिशायिनी, पिपासा ३० श्री रामकृष्णः ताराचरितम् , चण्डदेवचरितम् , ३१ श्री शुकदेव शास्त्री जितमल चरितम् ,स्वच्छन्दत्रिवेणी ३२ श्री वेदकुमारी घई उर्मिः ३३ श्री पुष्करनाथ शास्त्री वासन्ती ३४ श्री श्रीकृष्णराम व्यास स्मरणशतकम् ३५ श्री नित्यानन्द शास्त्री हनुमद्दूतम् ३६ श्री अभिनवभर्तृहरिः वैराग्यशतकम् , नीतिशतकम् ३७ श्री शिवराम शास्त्री हर्याणीयम् ३८ श्री सत्यदेव बशिष्ठः सत्याग्रहनीतिशतकम् ३९ श्री मूलशंकर याज्ञिकः विजय लहरी ४० श्री हर्षदेव माथुर रथ्यासु , जम्बूवर्णानां शिराणाम् ४१ श्री अप्पाशास्त्री सशिवडेकर मल्लिका कुसुमम् , पंजरबद्धः शुकः ४२ श्री रमानाथ भट्ट सुमनो मनोरंजनम् ४३ श्री प्रज्ञाचक्षु गुलाबराय प्रियप्रेमोन्मादः ४४ श्री पण्डित क्षमाराव सत्याग्रह गीता, मीरालहरी ४५ श्री रामचन्द्र शाण्डिल्य कामदूतम् ४६ श्री बलभद्र शर्मा लीलारविन्द काव्यम् ४७ श्री शालिग्राम शास्त्री सुरभारती संदेशः ४८ श्री नारायण शास्त्री खिस्ते दक्षाध्वरध्वंसम् ४९ श्री वटुकनाथ शर्मा बल्लदूतम् ५० श्री मधुसूदन मिश्रः प्रबुद्ध राष्ट्रम् ५१ श्री रामकृष्ण शर्मा पाथेय शतकम् ५२ श्री रमाकान्त शुक्लः भाति मे भारतम् ५३ श्री हरिदत्त शर्मा गीतकन्दलिकर , उत्कलिका ५४ श्री चन्द्रभानु त्रिपाठी गीताली ,मंगल्या ५५ श्री शिवकुमार मिश्रः दयानन्दसूक्तिसप्तशती ५६ श्री उमाकान्त शुक्लः कूहा ५७ श्री वागीश शास्त्री नर्मसप्तशती ५८ श्री इच्छाराम द्विवेदी मित्रदूतम् ५९ श्री प्रशस्यमित्र शास्त्री कोमलकण्टकावलिः ६० श्री वनमाली विश्वाल संगमनेनाभिरामः ६१ श्री रघुपति शास्त्री सहायमाधवः , कौमुदीकुसुमम् ६२ श्री रामचन्द्र राय गानाचार्यमाला ६३ श्री प्रीतमलाल कच्छी आराधनाशतकम् ६४ श्री गजानन करमलकार लोमान्यालंकार ६५ श्री बच्चूलाल अवस्थी अगतिकगतिकम् ,प्रतानिनी ६६ श्री श्यामगोपाल रावले मुग्धा , कालिदासाष्टकम् ६७ श्री मूंगाराम त्रिपाठी संस्कृतिः संस्कृतम् ६८ श्री प्रेमनारायण द्विवेदी सौन्दर्य सप्तशती ६९ श्री रुद्रदेव त्रिपाठी पत्रदूतम् , पादत्राणदूतम् ७० श्री शिवचरण शर्मा जागरणम् ७१ श्री प्रभाकर नारायण कवठेकर राजयोगिनी , धन्यो ग्रामः ७२ श्री कृष्णकान्त चतुर्वेदी श्रृंगार गर्भ मुक्तक संग्रहः ७३ श्री भास्कराचार्य त्रिपाठी मृत्कूटम्, लघु-रघु ७४ श्रीमती पुष्पा दीक्षित अग्निशिखा ७५ श्री भगवतीलाल राजप्रोहित भग्ना सभा ७६ श्री रहसविहारी द्विवेदी श्रीकृष्णस्य स्वस्ति संदेशः ७७ श्री कामता प्रसाद त्रिपाठी गाण्डिवम् ,सर्वगन्धा ७८ श्री राधावल्लभ त्रिपाठी लहरीदशकम् गीतधीवरम् ७९ श्री केदारनारायण जोशी अर्वाचीन संस्कृतम् ८० श्री शान्तप्रकाश सत्यदास अशआर-रसधारः ८१ श्री शास्त्री नित्यगोपाल कटारे पंचगव्यम् , नेतामहाभारतम् ८२ श्री विन्ध्येश्वरी प्रसाद मिश्र सारस्वतसनुन्मेषः ८३ श्री बालकृष्ण शर्मा संस्कृत मुक्तकम् ८४ श्री सुधाकर शुक्लः देवदूतम् ८५ श्री काले अक्षर सनातन शतपत्रम् ,श्रीरेवाभद्रपीठम् ८६ श्री रेवाप्रसाद द्विवेदी खण्डकाव्यम् ८७ श्री श्रीनिवास रथ तदेवगमनं सैव धरा ८८ श्री प्रभुदयाल अग्निहोत्री विहरति शिवा भवानी ८९ श्री आर०के० सराफ रक्षणीयाऽस्माकं संस्कृतिः ९० श्री गणपति शंकर शुक्ल भूदान यज्ञ गाथा ९१ श्री श्रीनिवास चक्रवर्ति श्रीनिवास सहस्रनाम ९२ श्री सदाशिव मुसलगाँवकर शिन्दे विलासवम्पू ९३ श्री ब्रजनन्दन त्रिपाठी श्रीरामस्तोत्रम् ९४ श्री सूर्यनारायण व्यास भव्य विभूतयः ९५ श्री तारानाथव्यास श्रीमत्प्रतिज्ञात्म नीराजनम् ९६ श्री श्रीधर भास्कर वर्णेकर मातृभूलहरी ९७ श्री भगवान दत्त शास्त्री कृष्णमंगलस्वः ९८ श्री लोकनाथ शास्त्री गणेशाष्टकम् ९९ श्री रामस्वरूप शास्त्री भावमाला शतकम् 4459 13039 2006-12-20T10:17:35Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Modifying: [[pa:True Jesus Church]] [[Image:TJC.jpg|right]] '''ट्रु जीसस चर्च''' अथवा '''ईसा मसीह सत्य गिरजाघर''' एकं स्वतन्त्रं गिरजागृहमस्ति ,यत् चीन देशस्य बीजिंग नगरे १९१७ ख्रीस्ताब्दौ स्थापिताऽसीत् । अद्य पंच चत्वारिंशत राष्ट्रेषु पंचदश-लक्ष जनाः तस्य सदस्याः सन्ति । एतत् भारत देशे १९३२ ख्रीस्ताब्दौ स्थापिताऽभवत्। एतत् गिरजागृहं ईशाई जनानां प्रोटेस्टेंट-समूहेन संबद्धमस्ति ,ये क्रिसमस, ईस्टरं च न मन्यन्ते । [[Category:धर्म]] [[af:Ware Jesuskerk]] [[als:Wahre Kirche Jesu]] [[am:ዕውነተኛ ኢየሱስ ቤተ ክርስቲያን]] [[an:Berdadera Ilesia de Chesús]] [[ang:Sōþ Iesus Cirice]] [[ar:كنيسة يسوع الحقيقي]] [[arc:ܕܘܨ ܝܫܘ ܥܘܡܪܐ]] [[as:প্ৰকৃত যীশু গীৰ্জা]] [[ast:Verdadera Ilesia de Xesús]] [[az:Həqiqi İsa Kilsəsi]] [[bar:Wahre Jesus Kirchn]] [[bat-smg:Tėkruojė Jezaus bažninčė]] [[be:Праўдзівая Царква Ісуса]] [[bg:Истинска църква на Исус]] [[bn:সত্য যীশু গীর্জা]] [[bpy:হায় যীশুর গীর্জাগ]] [[br:Iliz Gwir Jezuz]] [[bs:Prava Crkva Isusova]] [[ca:Veritable Església de Jesús]] [[cbk-zam:El Verdadero Iglesia de Jesus]] [[ceb:Matuod Simbahan ni Jesus]] [[chr:ᏗᎦᎳᏫᏍᏗ ᏥᏌᏯ]] [[cs:Pravá církev Ježíšova]] [[csb:Prôwdzëwô Cerkwiô Jezësa]] [[cv:Иссусăн чăн чиркĕвĕ]] [[cy:Eglwys y Gwir Iesu]] [[da:Den Sande Jesus Kirke]] [[de:Wahre Kirche Jesu]] [[diq:Kiliseyê Gercek Hz. İsay]] [[dv:ހަގީގީ މަސީހީ ކަނީސާ]] [[el:Αληθινή Εκκλησία του Ιησού]] [[en:True Jesus Church]] [[eo:Vera Eklezio de Jesuo]] [[es:La Verdadera Iglesia de Jesús]] [[et:Tõeline Jeesuse Kirik]] [[eu:Jesusen Egiazko Eliza]] [[fa:کلیسای حقیقی عیسی]] [[fi:Todellisen Jeesuksen Kirkko]] [[fiu-vro:Tõõlinõ Jeesusõ Kerik]] [[fj:Dina Jisu Lotu]] [[fo:Sannur Jesus Kirkja]] [[fr:Véritable Église de Jésus]] [[fur:Vere Glesie di Jesù]] [[fy:Wiere Jezustsjerke]] [[ga:Eaglais Fhíor Íosa]] [[gd:Eaglais Fhìor Ìosa]] [[gl:Verdadeira Igrexa de Xesús]] [[glk:Isǎ haqiqi kalisǎ]] [[got:𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌰 𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌺𐌻𐌴𐍃𐌾𐍉 𐌹𐌴𐍃𐌰𐌿𐍃]] [[gu:સત્ય ઈશુ મસીહ ઘર]] [[gv:Agglish Yeesey Firrinagh]] [[haw:Ka Ho'omana Iesū 'Oia'i'o]] [[he:הכנסייה האמיתית של ישו]] [[hi:ईसा मसीह सत्य गिरजाघर]] [[hr:Prava Crkva Isusova]] [[ht:Legliz de Vre Jezi]] [[hu:Igaz Jézus Egyház]] [[hy:Հիսուսի ճշմարիտ Եկեղեցի]] [[ia:Ver Ecclesia de Jesus]] [[id:Gereja Yesus Sejati]] [[ig:Ezigbo ulo uka Jesu]] [[ilo:Agpayso a Simbaan ni Jesus]] [[io:Vera Eklezio di Iesu]] [[is:Sanna Jesús kirkjan]] [[it:Vera Chiesa di Gesù]] [[ja:真イエス教会]] [[jbo:stace lijda befi la .iecuax]] [[jv:Gréja Yesus Sajati]] [[ka:ქრისტეს ჭეშმარიტი ეკლესია]] [[kg:Dibundu ya Yesu ya Kyeleka]] [[kk:Исаның Нағыз Шіркеуі]] [[km:ព្រះវិហារយេស៊ូគ្រិស្គពិត]] [[kn:ಟ್ರೂ ಜೀಸಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್]] [[ko:참예수교회]] [[ksh:Kirresh fum Woohre Jesu Krißti en Shiina]] [[ku:Klîsa ya Îsa yê rastîn]] [[kv:Истинная церковь Иисуса]] [[kw:Eglos Wir Yesu]] [[ky:Ыйсанын Нукура Чиркөөсү]] [[la:Vera Ecclesia Iesu]] [[lad:Verdadera Eglesia de Jesus]] [[lb:True Jesus Church]] [[li:Ware Zjezus Kèrk]] [[lmo:Vera gesa da Gesüü Criist]] [[lo:ນິກາຍ ໂບດທູຈຶຊັດ]] [[lt:Tikrojo Jėzaus bažnyčia]] [[lv:Patiesā Jēzus Baznīca]] [[map-bms:Gereja Yesus Sejati]] [[mg:Tena Fiangonan'i Jesoa]] [[mi:Hāhi Tika o Ihu]] [[mk:Вистинска црква на Исус]] [[ml:സത്യ യേശു സഭ]] [[mn:Үнэн Есүсийн Сүм]] [[mo:Бисeрикa Aдeвэрaтулуй Исус]] [[mr:सत्य येशू प्रार्थनास्थळ]] [[ms:Gereja Jesus Benar]] [[mt:Knisja Vera ta' Ġesù]] [[my:စစ္‌မ္ဟန္‌ေသာေယရ္ဟုဘုရား၏အသင္‌းေတာ္‌]] [[nap:'A chiesa overa 'e Giesù]] [[nds:Wohre Jesuskark]] [[nds-nl:Waore Jezuskärke]] [[ne:साँचो यशु गिर्जाघर]] [[nl:Ware Jezuskerk]] [[nn:Den sanne jesuskyrkja]] [[no:Sanne Jesus Kirke]] [[nov:Veri Jesu Eklesie]] [[nrm:Véthitabl'ye Églyise dé Jésû]] [[oc:Glèisa vertadièra de Jèsus]] [[os:Чырыстийы æцæг аргъуан]] [[pa:True Jesus Church]] [[pam:Tutung Pisamban nang Jesus]] [[pap:E Misa Berdadero di Hesus]] [[pdc:True Jesus Church]] [[pl:Prawdziwy Kościół Jezusa]] [[pms:La Vera Cesa ëd Gesù]] [[ps:د مسيح حقيقي کليسا]] [[pt:Verdadeira Igreja de Jesus]] [[rm:Baselgia Vaira da Jesus]] [[rmy:I Khangeri le Chache Jesuseski]] [[ro:Biserica Adevăratului Isus]] [[roa-rup:Bisearica di Dealihea al Isus]] [[ru:Истинная церковь Иисуса]] [[ru-sib:Праведна церьква Христова]] [[rw:Idini Ryitwa Yezu Nyakuri]] [[scn:Vera Chiesa di Gesù]] [[sco:True Jesus Kirk]] [[sd:سَچِي يَسُو چَرچ]] [[sh:Prava Crkva Isusova]] [[si:සත්‍යයේ ජේසු සමිදාණන්ගේ සභාව]] [[simple:True Jesus Church]] [[sk:Pravá cirkev Ježišova]] [[sl:Prava Jezusova Cerkev]] [[so:Mida Rumeed Kaniisada Ciise]] [[sq:Kisha e Vërtetë e Jezusit]] [[sr:Прaвa црквa Исусoвa]] [[su:Gareja Yesus Sajati]] [[sv:The True Jesus Church]] [[sw:True Jesus Church]] [[ta:உண்மையான இயேசு தேவாலயம்]] [[te:నిజ ఏసుక్రీస్తు మండలి]] [[tg:Масчиди хаконии Исо]] [[th:โบสถ์ทรูจีซัส]] [[tk:Çyn Isa Serkowy]] [[tl:Totoong Simbahan ni Hesus]] [[to:Siasi moʻoni ʻa Sēsū]] [[tpi:Tru Jisas Lotu]] [[tr:Gerçek İsa Kilisesi]] [[tt:Ğaysanıñ Çın Çirkäwe]] [[ug:ئەمەلیي ئەيسا چەركوۋ]] [[uk:Істинна церква Ісуса]] [[ur:کلیساۓ عیسوی حقیقی]] [[uz:Chin Iso Cherkovi]] [[vec:Vera Ciesa de Gesù]] [[vi:Chân Giê-xu Giáo hội]] [[vls:Woare Jezuskerke]] [[wa:Vraiye Eglijhe da Djezus]] [[war:Tinuod Hesus Simbahan]] [[wuu:真耶稣教会]] [[yi:ישו'ס ריכטיגע קירכע]] [[yo:Ijo Jesu l’otito]] [[zh:真耶稣教会]] [[zh-min-nan:Chin Iâ-so͘ Kàu-hōe]] [[zh-yue:真耶穌教會]] [[zu:True Jesus Church]] 4460 10990 2006-08-11T10:16:41Z DaGizza 117 redirect #redirect[[ट्रु जीसस चर्च]] 4461 10994 2006-08-11T10:27:32Z DaGizza 117 redirect #redirect [[ट्रु जीसस चर्च]] 4464 10999 2006-08-11T20:54:22Z Jose77 189 [[en:Image:TJC.jpg]] [[en:Image:TJC.jpg]] 4465 11039 2006-08-15T08:51:31Z DaGizza 117 stub {{stub}} 4466 11102 2006-08-23T06:39:01Z Vrb 190 ॥ अथ द्वितीयं मण्डलम् ॥ <BR> मण्डल 2 - सूक्‍त १ <BR‍> ऋषिः - अङ्‍गिरसः । देवता-अग्निः छन्दः-जगती<BR> <BR> त्वम् अ॑ग्ने॒ द्युभि॒स्त्वमा॑शुशु॒क्षणि॒स्त्वम॒द्‍भ्यस्त्वमश्म॑न॒स्परि॑ ॥ <BR> त्वं वने॑भ्य॒स्त्वमोष॑धीभ्य॒स्त्वं नृ॒णां नृ॑पते जायसे॒ शुचिः॑ ॥ १ ॥ <BR> तवा॑ग्ने हो॒त्रं तव॑ पो॒त्रमृ॒त्वियं॒ तव॑ ने॒ष्ट्रं त्वम॒ग्निदृ॑ताय॒तः ॥ <BR> तव॑ प्रशा॒स्त्रं त्वम॑ध्वरीयसि ब्र॒ह्मा चासि॑ गृ॒हप॑तिश्च नो॒ दमे॑ ॥ २ ॥ <BR> त्वम॑ग्न॒ इन्द्रो॑ वृष॒भः स॒ताम॑सि॒ त्वं विष्णु॑रुरुगा॒यो न॑म॒स्यः ॥ <BR> त्वम् ब्र॒ह्मा र॑यि॒विद्ब्र॑ह्मणस्पते॒ त्वं वि॑धर्तः सचसे॒ पुर॑न्ध्या ॥ ३ ॥ <BR> त्वम॑ग्ने॒ राजा॒ वरु॑णो धृ॒तव्र॑त॒स्त्वं मि॒त्रो भ॑वसि द॒स्म ईड्यः॑ ॥ <BR> त्वम॑र्य॒मा सत्प॑ति॒र्यस्य॑ स॒म्भुजं॒ त्वमंशो॑ वि॒दथे॑ देव भाज॒युः ॥ ४ ॥ <BR> त्वम॑ग्ने॒ त्वष्टा॑ विध॒ते सु॒वीर्यं॒ तव॒ ग्नावो॑ मित्रमहः सजा॒त्यम् ॥ <BR> त्वमा॑शु॒हेमा॑ ररिषे॒ स्वश्व्यं॒ त्वं न॒रां शर्धो॑ असि पुरू॒वसुः॑ ॥ ५ ॥ <BR> त्वम॑ग्ने रु॒द्रो असु॑रो म॒हो दि॒वस्त्वं शर्धो॒ मारु॑तं पृ॒क्ष ई॑शिषे ॥ <BR> त्वं वातै॑ररु॒णैर्या॑सि शंग॒यस्त्वं पू॒षा वि॑ध॒तः पा॑सि॒ नु त्मना॑ ॥ ६ ॥ <BR> त्वम॑ग्ने द्रविणो॒दा अ॑रङ्‍॒कृते॒ त्वं दे॒वः स॑वि॒ता र॑त्न॒धा अ॑सि ॥ <BR> त्वम् भगो॑ नृपते॒ वस्व॑ ईशिषे॒ त्वम् पा॒युर्दमे॒ यस्तेऽ॑विधत् ॥ ७ ॥ <BR> त्वाम॑ग्ने॒ दम॒ आ वि॒श्पतिं॒ विश॒स्त्वां राजा॑नं सुवि॒दत्र॑मृञ्जते ॥ <BR> त्वं विश्वा॑नि स्वनीक पत्यसे॒ त्वं स॒हस्रा॑णि श॒ता दश॒ प्रति॑ ॥ ८ ॥ <BR> त्वाम॑ग्ने पि॒तर॑मि॒ष्टिभि॒र्नर॒स्त्वां भ्रा॒त्राय॒ शम्या॑ तनू॒रुच॑म् ॥ <BR> त्वं पु॒त्रो भ॑वसि॒ यस्तेऽ॑विध॒त्त्वं सखा॑ सु॒शेवः॑ पास्या॒धृषः॑ ॥ ९ ॥ <BR> त्वम॑ग्न ऋ॒भुरा॒के न॑म॒स्यस्त्वं वाज॑स्य क्षु॒मतो॑ रा॒य ई॑शिषे ॥ <BR> त्वं वि भा॒स्यनु॑ दक्षि दा॒वने॒ त्वं वि॒शिक्षु॑रसि य॒ज्ञमा॒तनिः॑ ॥ १० ॥ <BR> त्वम॑ग्ने॒ अदि॑तिर्देव दा॒शुषे॒ त्वं होत्रा॒ भार॑ती वर्धसे गि॒रा ॥ <BR> त्वमिळा॑ श॒तहि॑मासि॒ दक्ष॑से॒ त्वं वृ॑त्र॒हा व॑सुपते॒ सर॑स्वती ॥ ११ ॥ <BR> त्वम॑ग्ने॒ सुभृ॑त उत्त॒मं वय॒स्तव॑ स्पा॒र्हे वर्ण॒ आ सं॒दृशि॒ श्रियः॑ ॥ <BR> त्वं वाजः॑ प्र॒तर॑णो बृ॒हन्न॑सि॒ त्वं र॒यिर्ब॑हु॒लो वि॒श्वत॑स्पृ॒थुः ॥ १२ ॥ <BR> त्वाम् अ॑ग्न आदि॒त्यास॑ आ॒स्यं त्वां जि॒ह्वां शुच॑यश्चक्रिरे कवे ॥ <BR> त्वां रा॑ति॒षाचो॑ अध्व॒रेषु॑ सश्चिरे॒ त्वे दे॒वा ह॒विर॑द॒न्त्याहु॑तम् ॥ १३ ॥ <BR> त्वे अ॑ग्ने॒ विश्वे॑ अ॒मृता॑सो अ॒द्रुह॑ आ॒सा दे॒वा ह॒विर॑द॒न्त्याहु॑तम् ॥ <BR> त्वया॒ मर्ता॑सः स्वदन्त आसु॒तिं त्वं गर्भो॑ वी॒रुधां॑ जज्ञिषे॒ शुचिः॑ ॥ १४ ॥ <BR> त्वं तान्सं च॒ प्रति॑ चासि म॒ज्मनाग्ने॑ सुजात॒ प्र च॑ देव रिच्यसे ॥ <BR> पृ॒क्षो यदत्र॑ महि॒ना वि ते॒ भुव॒दनु॒ द्यावा॑पृथि॒वी रोद॑सी उ॒भे ॥ १५ ॥ <BR> ये स्तो॒तृभ्यो॒ गोअ॑ग्रा॒मश्व॑पेशस॒मग्ने॑ रा॒तिमु॑पसृ॒जन्ति॑ सू॒रयः॑ ॥ <BR> अ॒स्माञ्च॒ तांश्च॒ प्र हि नेषि॒ वस्य॒ आ बृ॒हद्व॑देम वि॒दथे॑ सु॒वीराः॑ ॥ १६ ॥ <BR> <BR> मण्डल २ - सूक्त २ <BR> ऋषिः - अङ्‍गिरसः । देवता-अग्निः छन्दः-जगती <BR> <BR> य॒ज्ञेन॑ वर्धत जा॒तवे॑दसम॒ग्निं य॑जध्वं ह॒विषा॒ तना॑ गि॒रा ॥<BR> स॒मि॒धा॒नं सु॑प्र॒यसं॒ स्वर्णरं द्यु॒क्षं होता॑रं वृ॒जने॑षु धू॒र्षद॑म् ॥ १ ॥<BR> अ॒भि त्वा॒ नक्ती॑रु॒षसो॑ ववाशि॒रेऽ॑ग्ने व॒त्सं न स्वस॑रेषु धे॒नवः॑ ॥<BR> दि॒व इ॒वेद॑र॒तिर्मानु॑षा यु॒गा क्षपो॑ भासि पुरुवार सं॒यतः॑ ॥ २ ॥<BR> तं दे॒वा बु॒ध्ने रज॑सः सु॒दंस॑सं दि॒वस्पृ॑थि॒व्योर॑र॒तिं न्येरिरे ॥<BR> रथ॑मिव॒ वेद्यं॑ शु॒क्रशो॑चिषम॒ग्निं मि॒त्रं न क्षि॒तिषु॑ प्र॒शंस्य॑म् ॥ ३ ॥<BR> तमु॒क्षमा॑णं॒ रज॑सि॒ स्व आ दमे॑ च॒न्द्रमि॑व सु॒रुचं॑ ह्वा॒र आ द॑धुः ॥<BR> पृश्न्याः॑ पत॒रं चि॒तय॑न्तम॒क्षभिः॑ पा॒थो न पा॒युं जन॑सी उ॒भे अनु॑ ॥ ४ ॥<BR> स होता॒ विश्व॒ं परि॑ भूत्वध्व॒रं तमु॑ ह॒व्यैर्मनु॑ष ऋञ्जते गि॒रा ॥<BR> हि॒रि॒शि॒प्रो वृ॑धसा॒नासु॒ जर्भु॑र॒द्द्यौर्न स्तृभि॑श्चितय॒द्रोद॑सी॒ अनु॑ ॥ ५ ॥<BR> स नो॑ रे॒वत्स॑मिधा॒नः स्व॒स्तये॑ संदद॒स्वान्र॒यिम॒स्मासु॑ दीदिहि ॥<BR> आ नः॑ कृणुष्व सुवि॒ताय॒ रोद॑सी॒ अग्ने॑ ह॒व्या मनु॑षो देव वी॒तये॑ ॥ ६ ॥<BR> दा नो॑ अग्ने बृह॒तो दाः स॑ह॒स्रिणो॑ दु॒रो न वाजं॒ श्रुत्या॒ अपा॑ वृधि ॥<BR> प्राची॒ द्यावा॑पृथि॒वी ब्रह्म॑णा कृधि॒ स्वर्ण शु॒क्रमु॒षसो॒ वि दि॑द्युतः ॥ ७ ॥<BR> स इ॑धा॒न उ॒षसो॒ राम्या॒ अनु॒ स्वर्ण दी॑देदरु॒षेण॑ भा॒नुना॑ ॥<BR> होत्रा॑भिर॒ग्निर्मनु॑षः स्वध्व॒रो राजा॑ वि॒शामति॑थि॒श्चारु॑रा॒यवे॑ ॥ ८ ॥<BR> ए॒वा नो॑ अग्ने अ॒मृते॑षु पूर्व्य॒ धीष्पी॑पाय बृ॒हद्दि॑वेषु॒ मानु॑षा ॥<BR> दुहा॑ना धे॒नुर्वृ॒जने॑षु का॒रवे॒ त्मना॑ श॒तिन॑ं पुरु॒रूप॑मि॒षणि॑ ॥ ९ ॥<BR> व॒यम॑ग्ने॒ अर्व॑ता वा सु॒वीर्य॒ं ब्रह्म॑णा वा चितयेमा॒ जना॒म् अति॑ ॥<BR> अ॒स्माकं॑ द्यु॒म्नमधि॒ पञ्च॑ कृ॒ष्टिषू॒च्चा स्वर्ण शु॑शुचीत दु॒ष्टर॑म् ॥ १० ॥<BR> स नो॑ बोधि सहस्य प्र॒शंस्यो॒ यस्मि॑न्सुजा॒ता इ॒षय॑न्त सू॒रयः॑ ॥<BR> यम॑ग्ने य॒ज्ञमु॑प॒यन्ति॑ वा॒जिनो॒ नित्ये॑ तो॒के दी॑दि॒वांसं॒ स्वे दमे॑ ॥ ११ ॥<BR> उ॒भया॑सो जातवेदः स्याम ते स्तो॒तारो॑ अग्ने सू॒रय॑श्च॒ शर्म॑णि ॥<BR> वस्वो॑ रा॒यः पु॑रुश्च॒न्द्रस्य॒ भूय॑सः प्र॒जाव॑तः स्वप॒त्यस्य॑ शग्धि नः ॥ १२ ॥<BR> ये स्तो॒तृभ्यो॒ गोअ॑ग्रा॒मश्व॑पेशस॒मग्ने॑ रा॒तिमु॑पसृ॒जन्ति॑ सू॒रयः॑ ॥<BR> अ॒स्माञ्च॒ तांश्च॒ प्र हि नेषि॒ वस्य॒ आ बृ॒हद्व॑देम वि॒दथे॑ सु॒वीराः॑ ॥ १३ ॥<BR> <BR> <BR> मण्डल २ - सूक्त ३<BR> ऋषिः - गृत्समदः देवता-अग्निः छन्दः-त्रिश्टुप् <BR> <BR> समि॑द्धो अ॒ग्निर्निहि॑तः पृथि॒व्यां प्र॒त्यङ्‍ विश्वा॑नि॒ भुव॑नान्यस्थात् ॥<BR> होता॑ पाव॒कः प्र॒दिवः॑ सुमे॒धा दे॒वो दे॒वान्य॑जत्व॒ग्निरर्ह॑न् ॥ १ ॥<BR> नरा॒शंसः॒ प्रति॒ धामा॑न्य॒ञ्जन् ति॒स्रो दिवः॒ प्रति॑ म॒ह्ना स्व॒र्चिः ॥<BR> घृ॒त॒प्रुषा॒ मन॑सा ह॒व्यमु॒न्दन्मू॒र्धन्य॒ज्ञस्य॒ सम॑नक्तु दे॒वान् ॥ २ ॥<BR> ई॒ळि॒तो अ॑ग्ने॒ मन॑सा नो॒ अर्ह॑न्दे॒वान्य॑क्षि॒ मानु॑षा॒त्पूर्वो॑ अ॒द्य ॥<BR> स आ व॑ह म॒रुतां॒ शर्धो॒ अच्यु॑त॒मिन्द्रं॑ नरो बर्हि॒षदं॑ यजध्वम् ॥ ३ ॥<BR> देव॑ बर्हि॒र्वर्ध॑मानं सु॒वीरं॑ स्ती॒र्णं रा॒ये सु॒भरं॒ वेद्य॒स्याम् ॥<BR> घृ॒तेना॒क्तं व॑सवः सीदते॒दं विश्वे॑ देवा आदित्या य॒ज्ञिया॑सः ॥ ४ ॥<BR> वि श्र॑यन्तामुर्वि॒या हू॒यमा॑ना॒ द्वारो॑ दे॒वीः सु॑प्राय॒णा नमो॑भिः ॥<BR> व्यच॑स्वती॒र्वि प्र॑थन्तामजु॒र्या वर्ण॑म् पुना॒ना य॒शसं॑ सु॒वीर॑म् ॥ ५ ॥<BR> सा॒ध्वपां॑सि स॒नता॑ न उक्षि॒ते उ॒षासा॒नक्ता॑ व॒य्येव रण्वि॒ते ॥<BR> तन्तुं॑ त॒तं सं॒वय॑न्ती समी॒ची य॒ज्ञस्य॒ पेशः॑ सु॒दुघे॒ पय॑स्वती ॥ ६ ॥<BR> दैव्या॒ होता॑रा प्रथ॒मा वि॒दुष्ट॑र ऋ॒जु य॑क्षतः॒ समृ॒चा व॒पुष्ट॑रा ॥<BR> दे॒वान्यज॑न्तावृतु॒था सम॑ञ्जतो॒ नाभा॑ पृथि॒व्या अधि॒ सानु॑षु त्रि॒षु ॥ ७ ॥<BR> सर॑स्वती सा॒धय॑न्ती॒ धियं॑ न॒ इळा॑ दे॒वी भार॑ती वि॒श्वतू॑र्तिः ॥<BR> ति॒स्रो दे॒वीः स्व॒धया॑ ब॒र्हिरेदमच्छि॑द्रं पान्तु शर॒णं नि॒षद्य॑ ॥ ८ ॥<BR> पि॒शङ्‍ग॑रूपः सु॒भरो॑ वयो॒धाः श्रु॒ष्टी वी॒रो जा॑यते दे॒वका॑मः ॥<BR> प्र॒जां त्वष्टा॒ वि ष्य॑तु॒ नाभि॑म॒स्मे अथा॑ दे॒वाना॒मप्ये॑तु॒ पाथः॑ ॥ ९ ॥<BR> वन॒स्पति॑रवसृ॒जन्नुप॑ स्थाद॒ग्निर्ह॒विः सू॑दयाति॒ प्र धी॒भिः ॥<BR> त्रिधा॒ सम॑क्तं नयतु प्रजा॒नन्दे॒वेभ्यो॒ दैव्यः॑ शमि॒तोप॑ ह॒व्यम् ॥ १० ॥<BR> घृ॒तं मि॑मिक्षे घृ॒तम॑स्य॒ योनि॑र्घृ॒ते श्रि॒तो घृ॒तम्व॑स्य॒ धाम॑ ॥<BR> अ॒नु॒ष्व॒धमा व॑ह मा॒दय॑स्व॒ स्वाहा॑कृतं वृषभ वक्षि ह॒व्यम् ॥ ११ ॥<BR> <BR> <BR> मण्डल २ - सूक्त ४<BR> ऋषिः -सोमाहुति भार्गवः देवता-अग्निः छन्दः-त्रिष्टुप्<BR> <BR> हु॒वे वः॑ सु॒द्योत्मा॑नं सुवृ॒क्तिं वि॒शाम॒ग्निमति॑थिं सुप्र॒यस॑म् ॥<BR> मि॒त्र इ॑व॒ यो दि॑धि॒षाय्यो॒ भूद्दे॒व आदे॑वे॒ जने॑ जा॒तवे॑दाः ॥ १ ॥<BR> इ॒मं वि॒धन्तो॑ अ॒पां स॒धस्थे॑ द्वि॒ताद॑धु॒र्भृग॑वो वि॒क्ष्वा॑३योः ॥<BR> ए॒ष विश्वा॑न्य॒भ्यस्तु॒ भूमा॑ दे॒वाना॑म॒ग्निर॑र॒तिर्जी॒राश्वः॑ ॥ २ ॥<BR> अ॒ग्निं दे॒वासो॒ मानु॑षीषु वि॒क्षु प्रि॒यं धुः॑ क्षे॒ष्यन्तो॒ न मि॒त्रम् ॥<BR> स दी॑दयदुश॒तीरूर्म्या॒ आ द॒क्षाय्यो॒ यो दास्व॑ते॒ दम॒ आ ॥ ३ ॥<BR> अ॒स्य र॒ण्वा स्वस्ये॑व पु॒ष्टिः संदृ॑ष्टिरस्य हिया॒नस्य॒ दक्षोः॑ ॥<BR> वि यो भरि॑भ्र॒दोष॑धीषु जि॒ह्वामत्यो॒ न रथ्यो॑ दोधवीति॒ वारा॑न् ॥ ४ ॥<BR> आ यन्मे॒ अभ्वं॑ व॒नदः॒ पन॑न्तो॒शिग्भ्यो॒ नामि॑मीत॒ वर्ण॑म् ॥<BR> स चि॒त्रेण॑ चिकिते॒ रंसु॑ भा॒सा जु॑जु॒र्वाँ यो मुहु॒रा युवा॒ भूत् ॥ ५ ॥<BR> आ यो वना॑ तातृषा॒णो न भाति॒ वार्ण प॒था रथ्ये॑व स्वानीत् ॥<BR> कृ॒ष्णाध्वा॒ तपू॑ र॒ण्वश्चि॑केत॒ द्यौरि॑व॒ स्मय॑मानो॒ नभो॑भिः ॥ ६ ॥<BR> स यो व्यस्था॑द॒भि दक्ष॑दु॒र्वीं प॒शुर्नैति॑ स्व॒युरगो॑पाः ॥<BR> अ॒ग्निः शो॒चिष्मा॑ँ अत॒सान्यु॒ष्णन्कृ॒ष्णव्य॑थिरस्वदय॒न्न भूम॑ ॥ ७ ॥<BR> नू ते॒ पूर्व॒स्याव॑सो॒ अधी॑तौ तृ॒तीये॑ वि॒दथे॒ मन्म॑ शंसि ॥<BR> अ॒स्मे अ॑ग्ने सं॒यद्वी॑रं बृ॒हन्तं॑ क्षु॒मन्तं॒ वाजं॑ स्वप॒त्यं र॒यिं दाः॑ ॥ ८ ॥<BR> त्वया॒ यथा॑ गृत्सम॒दासो॑ अग्ने॒ गुहा॑ व॒न्वन्त॒ उप॑राँ अ॒भि ष्युः ॥<BR> सु॒वीरा॑सो अभिमाति॒षाहः॒ स्मत्सू॒रिभ्यो॑ गृण॒ते तद् वयो॑ धाः ॥ ९ ॥<BR> <BR> <BR> मण्डल २ - सूक्त ५ <BR> ऋषिः -सोमाहुति भार्गवः देवता-अग्निः छन्दः-त्रिष्टुप्<BR> <BR> होता॑जनिष्ट॒ चेत॑नः पि॒ता पि॒तृभ्य॑ ऊ॒तये॑ ॥<BR> प्र॒यक्ष॒ञ्जेन्यं॒ वसु॑ श॒केम॑ वा॒जिनो॒ यम॑म् ॥ १ ॥<BR> आ यस्मि॑न्स॒प्त र॒श्मय॑स्त॒ता य॒ज्ञस्य॑ ने॒तरि॑ ॥<BR> म॒नु॒ष्वद्दैव्य॑मष्ट॒मं पोता॒ विश्वं॒ तदि॑न्वति ॥ २ ॥<BR> द॒ध॒न्वे वा॒ यदी॒मनु॒ वोच॒द्ब्रह्मा॑णि॒ वेरु॒ तत् ॥<BR> परि॒ विश्वा॑नि॒ काव्या॑ ने॒मिश्च॒क्रमि॑वाभवत् ॥ ३ ॥<BR> सा॒कं हि शुचि॑ना॒ शुचिः॑ प्रशा॒स्ता क्रतु॒नाज॑नि ॥<BR> वि॒द्वाँ अ॑स्य व्र॒ता ध्रु॒वा व॒या इ॒वानु॑ रोहते ॥ ४ ॥<BR> ता अ॑स्य॒ वर्ण॑मा॒युवो॒ नेष्टुः॑ सचन्त धे॒नवः॑ ॥<BR> कु॒वित्ति॒सृभ्य॒ आ वरं॒ स्वसा॑रो॒ या इ॒दं य॒युः ॥ ५ ॥<BR> यदी॑ मा॒तुरुप॒ स्वसा॑ घृ॒तम्भर॒न्त्यस्थि॑त ॥<BR> तासा॑मध्व॒र्युराग॑तौ॒ यवो॑ वृ॒ष्टीव॑ मोदते ॥ ६ ॥<BR> स्वः स्वाय॒ धाय॑से कृणु॒तामृ॒त्विगृ॒त्विज॑म् ॥<BR> स्तोमं॑ य॒ज्ञं चादरं॑ व॒नेमा॑ ररि॒मा व॒यम् ॥ ७ ॥<BR> यथा॑ वि॒द्वाँ अरं॒ कर॒द्विश्वे॑भ्यो यज॒तेभ्यः॑ ॥<BR> अ॒यम॑ग्ने॒ त्वे अपि॒ यं य॒ज्ञं च॑कृ॒मा व॒यम् ॥ ८ ॥<BR> <BR> <BR> मण्डल २ - सूक्त ६ <BR> ऋषिः -सोमाहुति भार्गवः देवता-अग्निः छन्दः-गायत्री<BR> <BR> इ॒माम् मे॑ अग्ने स॒मिध॑मि॒मामु॑प॒सदं॑ वनेः । इ॒मा ऊ॒ षु श्रु॑धी॒ गिरः॑ ॥ १ ॥<BR> अ॒या ते॑ अग्ने विधे॒मोर्जो॑ नपा॒दश्व॑मिष्टे । ए॒ना सू॒क्तेन॑ सुजात ॥ २ ॥<BR> तं त्वा॑ गी॒र्भिर्गिर्व॑णसं द्रविण॒स्युं द्र॑विणोदः । स॒प॒र्येम॑ सप॒र्यवः॑ ॥ ३ ॥<BR> स बो॑धि सू॒रिर्म॒घवा॒ वसु॑पते॒ वसु॑दावन् । यु॒यो॒ध्यस्मद्द्वेषां॑सि ॥ ४ ॥<BR> स नो॑ वृ॒ष्टिं दि॒वस्परि॒ स नो॒ वाज॑मन॒र्वाण॑म् । स नः॑ सह॒स्रिणी॒रिषः॑ ॥ ५ ॥<BR> ईळा॑नायाव॒स्यवे॒ यवि॑ष्ठ दूत नो गि॒रा । यजि॑ष्ठ होत॒रा ग॑हि ॥ ६ ॥<BR> अ॒न्तर्ह्यग्न॒ ईय॑से वि॒द्वाञ्जन्मो॒भया॑ कवे । दू॒तो जन्ये॑व॒ मित्र्यः॑ ॥ ७ ॥<BR> स वि॒द्वाँ आ च॑ पिप्रयो॒ यक्षि॑ चिकित्व आनु॒षक् । आ चा॒स्मिन्स॑त्सि ब॒र्हिषि॑ ॥ ८ ॥<BR> <BR> <BR> मण्डल २ - सूक्त ७ <BR> ऋषिः -सोमाहुति भार्गवः देवता-अग्निः छन्दः-गायत्री<BR> <BR> श्रेष्ठं॑ यविष्ठ भार॒ताग्ने॑ द्यु॒मन्त॒मा भ॑र । वसो॑ पुरु॒स्पृहं॑ र॒यिम् ॥ १ ॥<BR> मा नो॒ अरा॑तिरीशत दे॒वस्य॒ मर्त्य॑स्य च । पर्षि॒ तस्या॑ उ॒त द्वि॒षः ॥ २ ॥<BR> विश्वा॑ उ॒त त्वया॑ व॒यं धारा॑ उद॒न्या इव । अति॑ गाहेमहि॒ द्विषः॑ ॥ ३ ॥<BR> शुचिः॑ पावक॒ वन्द्योऽ॑ग्ने बृ॒हद्वि रो॑चसे । त्वं घृ॒तेभि॒राहु॑तः ॥ ४ ॥<BR> त्वं नो॑ असि भार॒ताग्ने॑ व॒शाभि॑रु॒क्षभिः॑ । अ॒ष्टाप॑दीभि॒राहु॑तः ॥ ५ ॥<BR> द्र्वन्नः स॒र्पिरा॑सुतिः प्र॒त्नो होता॒ वरे॑ण्यः । सह॑सस्पु॒त्रो अद्‍भु॑तः ॥ ६ ॥<BR> <BR> <BR> मण्डल २ - सूक्त ८ <BR> ऋषिः -गृत्समदः देवता-अग्निः छन्दः-गायत्री<BR> <BR> वा॒ज॒यन्नि॑व॒ नू रथा॒न्योगा॑ँ अ॒ग्नेरुप॑ स्तुहि । य॒शस्त॑मस्य मी॒ळ्हुषः॑ ॥ १ ॥<BR> यः सु॑नी॒थो द॑दा॒शुषे॑ऽजु॒र्यो ज॒रय॑न्न॒रिं । चारु॑प्रतीक॒ आहु॑तः ॥ २ ॥<BR> य उ॑ श्रि॒या दमे॒ष्वा दो॒षोषसि॑ प्रश॒स्यते॑ । यस्य॑ व्र॒तं न मीय॑ते ॥ ३ ॥<BR> आ यः स्वर्ण भा॒नुना॑ चि॒त्रो वि॒भात्य॒र्चिषा॑ । अ॒ञ्जा॒नो अ॒जरै॑र॒भि ॥ ४ ॥<BR> अत्रि॒मनु॑ स्व॒राज्य॑म॒ग्निमु॒क्थानि॑ वावृधुः । विश्वा॒ अधि॒ श्रियो॑ दधे ॥ ५ ॥<BR> अ॒ग्नेरिन्द्र॑स्य॒ सोम॑स्य दे॒वाना॑मू॒तिभि॑र्व॒यम् ॥<BR> अरि॑ष्यन्तः सचेमह्य॒भि ष्या॑म पृतन्य॒तः ॥ ६ ॥<BR> <BR> <BR> मण्डल २ - सूक्त ९ <BR> ऋषिः -गृत्समदः देवता-अग्निः छन्दः-त्रिष्टुप्<BR> <BR> नि होता॑ होतृ॒षद॑ने॒ विदा॑नस्त्वे॒षो दी॑दि॒वाँ अ॑सदत्सु॒दक्षः॑ ॥<BR> अद॑ब्धव्रतप्रमति॒र्वसि॑ष्ठः सहस्रम्भ॒रः शुचि॑जिह्वो अ॒ग्निः ॥ १ ॥<BR> त्वं दू॒तस्त्वमु॑ नः पर॒स्पास्त्वं वस्य॒ आ वृ॑षभ प्रणे॒ता ॥<BR> अग्ने॑ तो॒कस्य॑ न॒स्तने॑ त॒नूना॒मप्र॑युच्छ॒न्दीद्य॑द्बोधि गो॒पाः ॥ २ ॥<BR> वि॒धेम॑ ते पर॒मे जन्म॑न्नग्ने वि॒धेम॒ स्तोमै॒रव॑रे स॒धस्थे॑ ॥<BR> यस्मा॒द्योने॑रु॒दारि॑था॒ यजे॒ तं प्र त्वे ह॒वींषि॑ जुहुरे॒ समि॑द्धे ॥ ३ ॥<BR> अग्ने॒ यज॑स्व ह॒विषा॒ यजी॑याञ्छ्रु॒ष्टी दे॒ष्णम॒भि गृ॑णीहि॒ राधः॑ ॥<BR> त्वं ह्यसि॑ रयि॒पती॑ रयी॒णां त्वं शु॒क्रस्य॒ वच॑सो म॒नोता॑ ॥ ४ ॥<BR> उ॒भयं॑ ते॒ न क्षी॑यते वस॒व्यं दि॒वेदि॑वे॒ जाय॑मानस्य दस्म ॥<BR> कृ॒धि क्षु॒मन्तं॑ जरि॒तार॑मग्ने कृ॒धि पतिं॑ स्वप॒त्यस्य॑ रा॒यः ॥ ५ ॥<BR> सैनानी॑केन सुवि॒दत्रो॑ अ॒स्मे यष्टा॑ दे॒वाँ आय॑जिष्ठः स्व॒स्ति ॥<BR> अद॑ब्धो गो॒पा उ॒त नः॑ पर॒स्पा अग्ने॑ द्यु॒मदु॒त रे॒वद्दि॑दीहि ॥ ६ ॥<BR> <BR> <BR> मण्डल २ - सूक्त १० <BR> ऋषिः -गृत्समदः देवता-अग्निः छन्दः-त्रिष्टुप्<BR> <BR> जो॒हूत्रो॑ अ॒ग्निः प्र॑थ॒मः पि॒तेवे॒ळस्प॒दे मनु॑षा॒ यत्समि॑द्धः ॥<BR> श्रियं॒ वसा॑नो अ॒मृतो॒ विचे॑ता मर्मृ॒जेन्यः॑ श्रव॒स्यः स वा॒जी ॥ १ ॥<BR> श्रू॒या अ॒ग्निश्चि॒त्रभा॑नु॒र्हव॑ं मे॒ विश्वा॑भिर्गी॒र्भिर॒मृतो॒ विचे॑ताः ॥<BR> श्या॒वा रथं॑ वहतो॒ रोहि॑ता वो॒तारु॒षाह॑ चक्रे॒ विभृ॑त्रः ॥ २ ॥<BR> उ॒त्ता॒नाया॑मजनय॒न्सुषू॑त॒ं भुव॑द॒ग्निः पु॑रु॒पेशा॑सु॒ गर्भः॑ ॥<BR> शिरि॑णायां चिद॒क्तुना॒ महो॑भि॒रप॑रीवृतो वसति॒ प्रचे॑ताः ॥ ३ ॥<BR> जिघ॑र्म्य॒ग्निं ह॒विषा॑ घृ॒तेन॑ प्रतिक्षि॒यन्त॒ं भुव॑नानि॒ विश्वा॑ ॥<BR> पृ॒थुं ति॑र॒श्चा वय॑सा बृ॒हन्तं॒ व्यचि॑ष्ठ॒मन्नै॑ रभ॒सं दृशा॑नम् ॥ ४ ॥<BR> आ वि॒श्वतः॑ प्र॒त्यञ्चं॑ जिघर्म्यर॒क्षसा॒ मन॑सा॒ तज्जु॑षेत ॥<BR> मर्य॑श्रीः स्पृह॒यद्व॑र्णो अ॒ग्निर्नाभि॒मृशे॑ त॒न्वा३ जर्भु॑राणः ॥ ५ ॥<BR> ज्ञे॒या भा॒गं स॑हसा॒नो वरे॑ण॒ त्वादू॑तासो मनु॒वद्व॑देम ॥<BR> अनू॑नम॒ग्निं जु॒ह्वा वच॒स्या म॑धु॒पृचं॑ धन॒सा जो॑हवीमि ॥ ६ ॥<BR> <BR‍> <BR‍> मण्डल २ - सूक्त ११ <BR‍> ऋषिः -गृत्समदः देवता-इन्द्र छन्दः-त्रिष्टुप् <BR‍> श्रु॒धी हव॑म् इन्द्र॒ मा रि॑षण्यः॒ स्याम॑ ते दा॒वने॒ वसू॑नाम् || <BR‍> इ॒मा हि त्वामूर्जो॑ व॒र्धय॑न्ति वसू॒यवः॒ सिन्ध॑वो॒ न क्षर॑न्तः ॥ १ ॥ <BR‍> सृ॒जो म॒हीरि॑न्द्र॒ या अपि॑न्वः॒ परि॑ष्ठिता॒ अहि॑ना शूर पू॒र्वीः || <BR‍> अम॑र्त्यं चिद्दा॒सं मन्य॑मान॒मवा॑भिनदु॒क्थैर्वा॑वृधा॒नः ॥ २ ॥ <BR‍> उ॒क्थेष्विन्नु शू॑र॒ येषु॑ चा॒कन्स्तोमे॑ष्विन्द्र रु॒द्रिये॑षु च || <BR‍> तुभ्येदे॒ता यासु॑ मन्दसा॒नः प्र वा॒यवे॑ सिस्रते॒ न शु॒भ्राः ॥ ३ ॥ <BR‍> शु॒भ्रं नु ते॒ शुष्मं॑ व॒र्धय॑न्तः शु॒भ्रं वज्र॑ं बा॒ह्वोर्दधा॑नाः || <BR‍> शु॒भ्रस्त्वमि॑न्द्र वावृधा॒नो अ॒स्मे दासी॒र्विशः॒ सूर्ये॑ण सह्याः ॥ ४ ॥ <BR‍> गुहा॑ हि॒तं गुह्यं॑ गू॒ळ्हम॒प्स्वपी॑वृतं मा॒यिनं॑ क्षि॒यन्त॑म् || <BR‍> उ॒तो अ॒पो द्यां त॑स्त॒भ्वांस॒मह॒न्नहिं॑ शूर वी॒र्येण ॥ ५ ॥ <BR‍> स्तवा॒ नु त॑ इन्द्र पू॒र्व्या म॒हान्यु॒त स्त॑वाम॒ नूत॑ना कृ॒तानि॑ || <BR‍> स्तवा॒ वज्र॑ं बा॒ह्वोरु॒शन्तं॒ स्तवा॒ हरी॒ सूर्य॑स्य के॒तू ॥ ६ ॥ <BR‍> हरी॒ नु त॑ इन्द्र वा॒जय॑न्ता घृत॒श्चुतं॑ स्वा॒रम॑स्वार्ष्टाम् || <BR‍> वि स॑म॒ना भूमि॑रप्रथि॒ष्टारं॑स्त॒ पर्व॑तश्चित्सरि॒ष्यन् ॥ ७ ॥ <BR‍> नि पर्व॑तः सा॒द्यप्र॑युच्छ॒न्त्सं मा॒तृभि॑र्वावशा॒नो अ॑क्रान् || <BR‍> दू॒रे पा॒रे वाणीं॑ व॒र्धय॑न्त॒ इन्द्रे॑षितां ध॒मनि॑ं पप्रथ॒न्नि ॥ ८ ॥ <BR‍> इन्द्रो॑ म॒हां सिन्धु॑मा॒शया॑नं माया॒विनं॑ वृ॒त्रम॑स्फुर॒न्निः || <BR‍> अरे॑जेतां॒ रोद॑सी भिया॒ने कनि॑क्रदतो॒ वृष्णो॑ अस्य॒ वज्रा॑त् ॥ ९ ॥ <BR‍> अरो॑रवी॒द्वृष्णो॑ अस्य॒ वज्रोऽ॑मानुषं॒ यन्मानु॑षो नि॒जूर्वी॑त् || <BR‍> नि मा॒यिनो॑ दान॒वस्य॑ मा॒या अपा॑दयत्पपि॒वान्सु॒तस्य॑ ॥ १० ॥ <BR‍> पिबा॑पि॒बेदि॑न्द्र शूर॒ सोम॒ं मन्द॑न्तु त्वा म॒न्दिनः॑ सु॒तासः॑ || <BR‍> पृ॒णन्त॑स्ते कु॒क्षी व॑र्धयन्त्वि॒त्था सु॒तः पौ॒र इन्द्र॑माव ॥ ११ ॥ <BR‍> त्वे इ॒न्द्राप्य॑भूम॒ विप्रा॒ धियं॑ वनेम ऋत॒या सप॑न्तः || <BR‍> अ॒व॒स्यवो॑ धीमहि॒ प्रश॑स्तिं स॒द्यस्ते॑ रा॒यो दा॒वने॑ स्याम ॥ १२ ॥ <BR‍> स्याम॒ ते त॑ इन्द्र॒ ये त॑ ऊ॒ती अ॑व॒स्यव॒ ऊर्जं॑ व॒र्धय॑न्तः || <BR‍> शु॒ष्मिन्त॑मं॒ यं चा॒कना॑म देवा॒स्मे र॒यिं रा॑सि वी॒रव॑न्तम् ॥ १३ ॥ <BR‍> रासि॒ क्षयं॒ रासि॑ मि॒त्रम॒स्मे रासि॒ शर्ध॑ इन्द्र॒ मारु॑तं नः || <BR‍> स॒जोष॑सो॒ ये च॑ मन्दसा॒नाः प्र वा॒यवः॑ पा॒न्त्यग्र॑णीतिम् ॥ १४ ॥ <BR‍> व्यन्त्विन्नु येषु॑ मन्दसा॒नस्तृ॒पत्सोम॑ं पाहि द्र॒ह्यदि॑न्द्र || <BR‍> अ॒स्मान्सु पृत्स्वा त॑रु॒त्राव॑र्धयो॒ द्यां बृ॒हद्‍भि॑र॒र्कैः ॥ १५ ॥ <BR‍> बृ॒हन्त॒ इन्नु ये ते॑ तरुत्रो॒क्थेभि॑र्वा सु॒म्नमा॒विवा॑सान् || <BR‍> स्तृ॒णा॒नासो॑ ब॒र्हिः प॒स्त्याव॒त्त्वोता॒ः इदि॑न्द्र॒ वाज॑मग्मन् ॥ १६ ॥ <BR‍> उ॒ग्रेष्विन्नु शू॑र मन्दसा॒नस्त्रिक॑द्रुकेषु पाहि॒ सोम॑मिन्द्र || <BR‍> प्र॒दोधु॑व॒च्छ्मश्रु॑षु प्रीणा॒नो या॒हि हरि॑भ्यां सु॒तस्य॑ पी॒तिम् ॥ १७ ॥ <BR‍> धि॒ष्वा शवः॑ शूर॒ येन॑ वृ॒त्रम॒वाभि॑न॒द्दानु॑मौर्णवा॒भम् || <BR‍> अपा॑वृणो॒र्ज्योति॒रार्या॑य॒ नि स॑व्य॒तः सा॑दि॒ दस्यु॑रिन्द्र ॥ १८ ॥ <BR‍> सने॑म॒ ये त॑ ऊ॒तिभि॒स्तर॑न्तो॒ विश्वा॒ः स्पृध॒ आर्ये॑ण॒ दस्यू॑न् || <BR‍> अ॒स्मभ्यं॒ तत्त्वा॒ष्ट्रं वि॒श्वरू॑प॒मर॑न्धयः सा॒ख्यस्य॑ त्रि॒ताय॑ ॥ १९ ॥ <BR‍> अ॒स्य सु॑वा॒नस्य॑ म॒न्दिन॑स्त्रि॒तस्य॒ न्यर्बु॑दं वावृधा॒नो अ॑स्तः || <BR‍> अव॑र्तय॒त्सूर्यो॒ न च॒क्रं भि॒नद्व॒लमिन्द्रो॒ अङ्‍गि॑रस्वान् ॥ २० ॥ <BR‍> नू॒नं सा ते॒ प्रति॒ वरं॑ जरि॒त्रे दु॑ही॒यदि॑न्द्र॒ दक्षि॑णा म॒घोनी॑ || <BR‍> शिक्षा॑ स्तो॒तृभ्यो॒ माति॑ ध॒ग्भगो॑ नो बृ॒हद्व॑देम वि॒दथे॑ सु॒वीराः॑ ॥ २१ ॥ <BR‍> <BR‍> <BR‍> मण्डल २ - सूक्त १२ <BR‍> ऋषिः -गृत्समदः देवता-इन्द्र छन्दः-त्रिष्टुप् <BR‍> यो जा॒त ए॒व प्र॑थ॒मो मन॑स्वान्दे॒वो दे॒वान्क्रतु॑ना प॒र्यभू॑षत् || <BR‍> यस्य॒ शुष्मा॒द्रोद॑सी॒ अभ्य॑सेतां नृ॒म्णस्य॑ म॒ह्ना स ज॑नास॒ इन्द्रः॑ ॥ १ ॥ <BR‍> यः पृ॑थि॒वीं व्यथ॑माना॒मदृ॑ंह॒द्यः पर्व॑ता॒न्प्रकु॑पिता॒ँ अर॑म्णात् || <BR‍> यो अ॒न्तरि॑क्षं विम॒मे वरी॑यो॒ यो द्यामस्त॑भ्ना॒त्स ज॑नास॒ इन्द्रः॑ ॥ २ ॥ <BR‍> यो ह॒त्वाहि॒मरि॑णात्स॒प्त सिन्धू॒न्यो गा उ॒दाज॑दप॒धा व॒लस्य॑ || <BR‍> यो अश्म॑नोर॒न्तर॒ग्निं ज॒जान॑ सं॒वृक्स॒मत्सु॒ स ज॑नास॒ इन्द्रः॑ ॥ ३ ॥ <BR‍> येने॒मा विश्वा॒ च्यव॑ना कृ॒तानि॒ यो दासं॒ वर्ण॒मध॑रं॒ गुहाकः॑ || <BR‍> श्व॒घ्नीव॒ यो जि॑गी॒वाँ ल॒क्षमाद॑द॒र्यः पु॒ष्टानि॒ स ज॑नास॒ इन्द्रः॑ ॥ ४ ॥ <BR‍> यं स्मा॑ पृ॒च्छन्ति॒ कुह॒ सेति॑ घो॒रमु॒तेमा॑हु॒र्नैषो अ॒स्तीत्ये॑नम् || <BR‍> सो अ॒र्यः पु॒ष्टीर्विज॑ इ॒वामि॑नाति॒ श्रद॑स्मै धत्त॒ स ज॑नास॒ इन्द्रः॑ ॥ ५ ॥ <BR‍> यो र॒ध्रस्य॑ चोदि॒ता यः कृ॒शस्य॒ यो ब्र॒ह्मणो॒ नाध॑मानस्य की॒रेः || <BR‍> यु॒क्तग्रा॑व्णो॒ योऽ॑वि॒ता सु॑शि॒प्रः सु॒तसो॑मस्य॒ स ज॑नास॒ इन्द्रः॑ ॥ ६ ॥ <BR‍> यस्याश्वा॑सः प्र॒दिशि॒ यस्य॒ गावो॒ यस्य॒ ग्रामा॒ यस्य॒ विश्वे॒ रथा॑सः || <BR‍> यः सूर्यं॒ य उ॒षसं॑ ज॒जान॒ यो अ॒पां ने॒ता स ज॑नास॒ इन्द्रः॑ ॥ ७ ॥ <BR‍> यं क्रन्द॑सी संय॒ती वि॒ह्वये॑ते॒ परेऽ॑वर उ॒भया॑ अ॒मित्राः॑ || <BR‍> स॒मा॒नं चि॒द्रथ॑मातस्थि॒वांसा॒ नाना॑ हवेते॒ स ज॑नास॒ इन्द्रः॑ ॥ ८ ॥ <BR‍> यस्मा॒न्न ऋ॒ते वि॒जय॑न्ते॒ जना॑सो॒ यं युध्य॑माना॒ अव॑से॒ हव॑न्ते || <BR‍> यो विश्व॑स्य प्रति॒मान॑ं ब॒भूव॒ यो अ॑च्युत॒च्युत्स ज॑नास॒ इन्द्रः॑ ॥ ९ ॥ <BR‍> यः शश्व॑तो॒ मह्येनो॒ दधा॑ना॒नम॑न्यमाना॒ञ्छर्वा॑ ज॒घान॑ || <BR‍> यः शर्ध॑ते॒ नानु॒ददा॑ति शृ॒ध्यां यो दस्यो॑र्ह॒न्ता स ज॑नास॒ इन्द्रः॑ ॥ १० ॥ <BR‍> यः शम्ब॑र॒ं पर्व॑तेषु क्षि॒यन्तं॑ चत्वारिं॒श्यां श॒रद्य॒न्ववि॑न्दत् || <BR‍> ओ॒जा॒यमा॑नं॒ यो अहिं॑ ज॒घान॒ दानुं॒ शया॑नं॒ स ज॑नास॒ इन्द्रः॑ ॥ ११ ॥ <BR‍> यः स॒प्तर॑श्मिर्वृष॒भस्तुवि॑ष्मान॒वासृ॑ज॒त् सर्त॑वे स॒प्त सिन्धू॑न् || <BR‍> यो रौ॑हि॒णमस्फु॑र॒द्वज्र॑बाहु॒र्द्यामा॒रोह॑न्तं॒ स ज॑नास॒ इन्द्रः॑ ॥ १२ ॥ <BR‍> द्यावा॑ चिदस्मै पृथि॒वी न॑मेते॒ शुष्मा॑च्चिदस्य॒ पर्व॑ता भयन्ते || <BR‍> यः सो॑म॒पा नि॑चि॒तो वज्र॑बाहु॒र्यो वज्र॑हस्तः॒ स ज॑नास॒ इन्द्रः॑ ॥ १३ ॥ <BR‍> यः सु॒न्वन्त॒मव॑ति॒ यः पच॑न्तं॒ यः शंस॑न्तं॒ यः श॑शमा॒नमू॒ती || <BR‍> यस्य॒ ब्रह्म॒ वर्ध॑नं॒ यस्य॒ सोमो॒ यस्ये॒दं राधः॒ स ज॑नास॒ इन्द्रः॑ ॥ १४ ॥ <BR‍> यः सु॑न्व॒ते पच॑ते दु॒ध्र आ चि॒द्वाजं॒ दर्द॑र्षि॒ स किला॑सि स॒त्यः || <BR‍> व॒यं त॑ इन्द्र वि॒श्वह॑ प्रि॒यासः॑ सु॒वीरा॑सो वि॒दथ॒मा व॑देम ॥ १५ ॥ <BR‍> <BR‍> <BR‍> मण्डल २ सूक्त १३ <BR‍> ऋषिः -गृत्समदः देवता-इन्द्र छन्दः-त्रिष्टुप् <BR‍> ऋ॒तुर्जनि॑त्री॒ तस्या॑ अ॒पस्परि॑ म॒क्षू जा॒त आवि॑श॒द्यासु॒ वर्ध॑ते || <BR‍> तदा॑ह॒ना अ॑भवत्पि॒प्युषी॒ पयो॑ऽ॒ंशोः पी॒यूष॑ं प्रथ॒मं तदु॒क्थ्यम् ॥ १ ॥ <BR‍> स॒ध्रीमा य॑न्ति॒ परि॒ बिभ्र॑तीः॒ पयो॑ वि॒श्वप्स्न्या॑य॒ प्र भ॑रन्त॒ भोज॑नम् || <BR‍> स॒मा॒नो अध्वा॑ प्र॒वता॑मनु॒ष्यदे॒ यस्ताकृ॑णोः प्रथ॒मं सास्यु॒क्थ्यः ॥ २ ॥ <BR‍> अन्वेको॑ वदति॒ यद्ददा॑ति॒ तद्रू॒पा मि॒नन्तद॑पा॒ एक॑ ईयते || <BR‍> विश्वा॒ एक॑स्य वि॒नुद॑स्तितिक्षते॒ यस्ताकृ॑णोः प्रथ॒मं सास्यु॒क्थ्यः ॥ ३ ॥ <BR‍> प्र॒जाभ्यः॑ पु॒ष्टिं वि॒भज॑न्त आसते र॒यिमि॑व पृ॒ष्ठं प्र॒भव॑न्तमाय॒ते || <BR‍> असि॑न्व॒न्दंष्ट्रैः॑ पि॒तुर॑त्ति॒ भोज॑नं॒ यस्ताकृ॑णोः प्रथ॒मं सास्यु॒क्थ्यः ॥ ४ ॥ <BR‍> अधा॑कृणोः पृथि॒वीं सं॒दृशे॑ दि॒वे यो धौ॑ती॒नाम॑हिह॒न्नारि॑णक्प॒थः || <BR‍> तं त्वा॒ स्तोमे॑भिरु॒दभि॒र्न वा॒जिनं॑ दे॒वं दे॒वा अ॑जन॒न्सास्यु॒क्थ्यः ॥ ५ ॥ <BR‍> यो भोज॑नं च॒ दय॑से च॒ वर्ध॑नमा॒र्द्रादा शुष्क॒ं मधु॑मद्दु॒दोहि॑थ || <BR‍> स शे॑व॒धिं नि द॑धिषे वि॒वस्व॑ति॒ विश्व॒स्यैक॑ ईशिषे॒ सास्यु॒क्थ्यः ॥ ६ ॥ <BR‍> यः पु॒ष्पिणी॑श्च प्र॒स्वश्च॒ धर्म॒णाधि॒ दाने॒ व्यवनी॒रधा॑रयः || <BR‍> यश्चास॑मा॒ अज॑नो दि॒द्युतो॑ दि॒व उ॒रुरू॒र्वाँ अ॒भितः॒ सास्यु॒क्थ्यः ॥ ७ ॥ <BR‍> यो ना॑र्म॒रं स॒हव॑सुं॒ निह॑न्तवे पृ॒क्षाय॑ च दा॒सवे॑शाय॒ चाव॑हः || <BR‍> ऊ॒र्जय॑न्त्या॒ अप॑रिविष्टमा॒स्यमु॒तैवाद्य पु॑रुकृ॒त्सास्यु॒क्थ्यः ॥ ८ ॥ <BR‍> श॒तं वा॒ यस्य॒ दश॑ सा॒कमाद्य॒ एक॑स्य श्रु॒ष्टौ यद्ध॑ चो॒दमावि॑थ || <BR‍> अ॒र॒ज्जौ दस्यू॒न्समु॑नब्द॒भीत॑ये सुप्रा॒व्यो अभवः॒ सास्यु॒क्थ्यः ॥ ९ ॥ <BR‍> विश्वेदनु॑ रोध॒ना अ॑स्य॒ पौंस्यं॑ द॒दुर॑स्मै दधि॒रे कृ॒त्नवे॒ धन॑म् || <BR‍> षळ॑स्तभ्ना वि॒ष्टिरः॒ पञ्च॑ सं॒दृशः॒ परि॑ प॒रो अ॑भवः॒ सास्यु॒क्थ्यः ॥ १० ॥ <BR‍> सु॒प्र॒वा॒च॒नं तव॑ वीर वी॒र्यंयद् एके॑न॒ क्रतु॑ना वि॒न्दसे॒ वसु॑ || <BR‍> जा॒तूष्ठि॑रस्य॒ प्र वयः॒ सह॑स्वतो॒ या च॒कर्थ॒ सेन्द्र॒ विश्वा॑स्यु॒क्थ्यः ॥ ११ ॥ <BR‍> अर॑मयः॒ सर॑पस॒स्तरा॑य॒ कं तु॒र्वीत॑ये च व॒य्याय च स्रु॒तिम् || <BR‍> नी॒चा सन्त॒मुद॑नयः परा॒वृज॒ं प्रान्धं श्रो॒णं श्र॒वय॒न्सास्यु॒क्थ्यः ॥ १२ ॥ <BR‍> अ॒स्मभ्यं॒ तद्व॑सो दा॒नाय॒ राधः॒ सम॑र्थयस्व ब॒हु ते॑ वस॒व्यम् || <BR‍> इन्द्र॒ यच्चि॒त्रं श्र॑व॒स्या अनु॒ द्यून्बृ॒हद्व॑देम वि॒दथे॑ सु॒वीराः॑ ॥ १३ ॥ <BR‍> <BR‍> <BR‍> मण्डल २ सूक्त १४ <BR‍> ऋषिः -गृत्समदः देवता-इन्द्र छन्दः-त्रिष्टुप् <BR‍> अध्व॑र्यवो॒ भर॒तेन्द्रा॑य॒ सोम॒माम॑त्रेभिः सिञ्चता॒ मद्य॒मन्धः॑ || <BR‍> का॒मी हि वी॒रः सद॑मस्य पी॒तिं जु॒होत॒ वृष्णे॒ तदिदे॒ष व॑ष्टि ॥ १ ॥ <BR‍> अध्व॑र्यवो॒ यो अ॒पो व॑व्रि॒वांसं॑ वृ॒त्रं ज॒घाना॒शन्ये॑व वृ॒क्षम् || <BR‍> तस्मा॑ ए॒तं भ॑रत तद्व॒शाय॑ँ ए॒ष इन्द्रो॑ अर्हति पी॒तिम॑स्य ॥ २ ॥ <BR‍> अध्व॑र्यवो॒ यो दृभी॑कं ज॒घान॒ यो गा उ॒दाज॒दप॒ हि व॒लं वः || <BR‍> तस्मा॑ ए॒तम॒न्तरि॑क्षे॒ न वात॒मिन्द्रं॒ सोमै॒रोर्णु॑त॒ जूर्न वस्त्रैः॑ ॥ ३ ॥<BR‍> अध्व॑र्यवो॒ य उर॑णं ज॒घान॒ नव॑ च॒ख्वांसं॑ नव॒तिं च॑ बा॒हून् || <BR‍> यो अर्बु॑द॒मव॑ नी॒चा ब॑बा॒धे तमिन्द्रं॒ सोम॑स्य भृ॒थे हि॑नोत ॥ ४ ॥<BR‍> अध्व॑र्यवो॒ यः स्वश्नं॑ ज॒घान॒ यः शुष्ण॑म॒शुषं॒ यो व्यंसम् || <BR‍> यः पिप्रुं॒ नमु॑चिं॒ यो रु॑धि॒क्रां तस्मा॒ इन्द्रा॒यान्ध॑सो जुहोत ॥ ५ ॥<BR‍> अध्व॑र्यवो॒ यः श॒तं शम्ब॑रस्य॒ पुरो॑ बि॒भेदाश्म॑नेव पू॒र्वीः || <BR‍> यो व॒र्चिनः॑ श॒तमिन्द्रः॑ स॒हस्र॑म॒पाव॑प॒द्भर॑ता॒ सोम॑मस्मै ॥ ६ ॥<BR‍> अध्व॑र्यवो॒ यः श॒तमा स॒हस्र॒ं भूम्या॑ उ॒पस्थेऽ॑वपज्जघ॒न्वान् || <BR‍> कुत्स॑स्या॒योर॑तिथि॒ग्वस्य॑ वी॒रान्न्यावृ॑ण॒ग्भर॑ता॒ सोम॑मस्मै ॥ ७ ॥<BR‍> अध्व॑र्यवो॒ यन्न॑रः का॒मया॑ध्वे श्रु॒ष्टी वह॑न्तो नशथा॒ तदिन्द्रे॑ || <BR‍> गभ॑स्तिपूतं भरत श्रु॒तायेन्द्रा॑य॒ सोमं॑ यज्यवो जुहोत ॥ ८ ॥<BR‍> अध्व॑र्यवः॒ कर्त॑ना श्रु॒ष्टिम॑स्मै॒ वने॒ निपू॑तं॒ वन॒ उन्न॑यध्वम् || <BR‍> जु॒षा॒णो हस्त्य॑म॒भि वा॑वशे व॒ इन्द्रा॑य॒ सोम॑ं मदि॒रं जु॑होत ॥ ९ ॥<BR‍> अध्व॑र्यवः॒ पय॒सोध॒र्यथा॒ गोः सोमे॑भिरीं पृणता भो॒जमिन्द्र॑म् || <BR‍> वेदा॒हम॑स्य॒ निभृ॑तं म ए॒तद्दित्स॑न्त॒ं भूयो॑ यज॒तश्चि॑केत ॥ १० ॥<BR‍> अध्व॑र्यवो॒ यो दि॒व्यस्य॒ वस्वो॒ यः पार्थि॑वस्य॒ क्षम्य॑स्य॒ राजा॑ || <BR‍> तमूर्द॑रं॒ न पृ॑णता॒ यवे॒नेन्द्रं॒ सोमे॑भि॒स्तदपो॑ वो अस्तु ॥ ११ ॥<BR‍> अ॒स्मभ्यं॒ तद्व॑सो दा॒नाय॒ राधः॒ सम॑र्थयस्व ब॒हु ते॑ वस॒व्यम् || <BR‍> इन्द्र॒ यच्चि॒त्रं श्र॑व॒स्या अनु॒ द्यून्बृ॒हद् व॑देम वि॒दथे॑ सु॒वीराः॑ ॥ १२ ॥<BR‍> <BR‍> <BR‍> मण्डल २ सूक्त १५ <BR‍> ऋषिः -गृत्समदः देवता-इन्द्र छन्दः-त्रिष्टुप् <BR‍> प्र घा॒ न्वस्य मह॒तो म॒हानि॑ स॒त्या स॒त्यस्य॒ कर॑णानि वोचम् || <BR‍> त्रिक॑द्रुकेष्वपिबत्सु॒तस्या॒स्य मदे॒ अहि॒मिन्द्रो॑ जघान ॥ १ ॥<BR‍> अ॒वं॒शे द्याम॑स्तभायद्बृ॒हन्त॒मा रोद॑सी अपृणद॒न्तरि॑क्षम् || <BR‍> स धा॑रयत्पृथि॒वीम् प॒प्रथ॑च्च॒ सोम॑स्य॒ ता मद॒ इन्द्र॑श्चकार ॥ २ ॥<BR‍> सद्मे॑व॒ प्राचो॒ वि मि॑माय॒ मानै॒र्वज्रे॑ण॒ खान्य॑तृणन्न॒दीना॑म् || <BR‍> वृथा॑सृजत्प॒थिभि॑र्दीर्घया॒थैः सोम॑स्य॒ ता मद॒ इन्द्र॑श्चकार ॥ ३ ॥<BR‍> स प्र॑वो॒ळ्हॄन्प॑रि॒गत्या॑ द॒भीते॒र्विश्व॑मधा॒गायु॑धमि॒द्धे अ॒ग्नौ || <BR‍> सं गोभि॒रश्वै॑रसृज॒द्रथे॑भिः॒ सोम॑स्य॒ ता मद॒ इन्द्र॑श्चकार ॥ ४ ॥<BR‍> स ई॑ं म॒हीं धुनि॒मेतो॑ररम्णा॒त्सो अ॑स्ना॒तॄन॑पारयत्स्व॒स्ति || <BR‍> त उ॒त्स्नाय॑ र॒यिम॒भि प्र त॑स्थुः॒ सोम॑स्य॒ ता मद॒ इन्द्र॑श्चकार ॥ ५ ॥<BR‍> सोद॑ञ्चं॒ सिन्धु॑मरिणान्महि॒त्वा वज्रे॒णान॑ उ॒षसः॒ सम् पि॑पेष || <BR‍> अ॒ज॒वसो॑ ज॒विनी॑भिर्विवृ॒श्चन्सोम॑स्य॒ ता मद॒ इन्द्र॑श्चकार ॥ ६ ॥<BR‍> स वि॒द्वाँ अ॑पगो॒हं क॒नीना॑मा॒विर्भव॒न्नुद॑तिष्ठत्परा॒वृक् || <BR‍> प्रति॑ श्रो॒णः स्था॒द्व्यनग॑चष्ट॒ सोम॑स्य॒ ता मद॒ इन्द्र॑श्चकार ॥ ७ ॥<BR‍> भि॒नद्व॒लमङ्‍गि॑रोभिर्गृणा॒नो वि पर्व॑तस्य दृंहि॒तान्यै॑रत् || <BR‍> रि॒णग् रोधां॑सि कृ॒त्रिमा॑ण्येषां॒ सोम॑स्य॒ ता मद॒ इन्द्र॑श्चकार ॥ ८ ॥<BR‍> स्वप्ने॑ना॒भ्युप्या॒ चुमु॑रिं॒ धुनिं॑ च ज॒घन्थ॒ दस्यु॒ं प्र द॒भीति॑मावः || <BR‍> र॒म्भी चि॒दत्र॑ विविदे॒ हिर॑ण्यं॒ सोम॑स्य॒ ता मद॒ इन्द्र॑श्चकार ॥ ९ ॥<BR‍> नू॒नं सा ते॒ प्रति॒ वरं॑ जरि॒त्रे दु॑ही॒यदि॑न्द्र॒ दक्षि॑णा म॒घोनी॑ || <BR‍> शिक्षा॑ स्तो॒तृभ्यो॒ माति॑ ध॒ग्भगो॑ नो बृ॒हद्व॑देम वि॒दथे॑ सु॒वीराः॑ ॥ १० ॥ <BR‍> <BR‍> <BR‍> मण्डल २ सूक्त १६ <BR‍> ऋषिः -गृत्समदः देवता-इन्द्र छन्दः-त्रिष्टुप् <BR‍> प्र वः॑ स॒तां ज्येष्ठ॑तमाय सुष्टु॒तिम॒ग्नावि॑व समिधा॒ने ह॒विर्भ॑रे || <BR‍> इन्द्र॑मजु॒र्यं ज॒रय॑न्तमुक्षि॒तं स॒नाद्युवा॑न॒मव॑से हवामहे ॥ १ ॥<BR‍> यस्मा॒दिन्द्रा॑द्बृह॒तः किं च॒नेमृ॒ते विश्वा॑न्यस्मि॒न्सम्भृ॒ताधि॑ वी॒र्या || <BR‍> ज॒ठरे॒ सोमं॑ त॒न्वी॑३सहो॒ महो॒ हस्ते॒ वज्र॒ं भर॑ति शी॒र्षणि॒ क्रतु॑म् ॥ २ ॥<BR‍> न क्षो॒णीभ्या॑ं परि॒भ्वे त इन्द्रि॒यं न स॑मु॒द्रैः पर्व॑तैरिन्द्र ते॒ रथः॑ || <BR‍> न ते॒ वज्र॒मन्व॑श्नोति॒ कश्च॒न यदा॒शुभिः॒ पत॑सि॒ योज॑ना पु॒रु ॥ ३ ॥<BR‍> विश्वे॒ ह्यस्मै यज॒ताय॑ धृ॒ष्णवे॒ क्रतु॒ं भर॑न्ति वृष॒भाय॒ सश्च॑ते || <BR‍> वृषा॑ यजस्व ह॒विषा॑ वि॒दुष्ट॑रः॒ पिबे॑न्द्र॒ सोमं॑ वृष॒भेण॑ भा॒नुना॑ ॥ ४ ॥<BR‍> वृष्णः॒ कोशः॑ पवते॒ मध्व॑ ऊ॒र्मिर्वृ॑ष॒भान्ना॑य वृष॒भाय॒ पात॑वे || <BR‍> वृष॑णाध्व॒र्यू वृ॑ष॒भासो॒ अद्र॑यो॒ वृष॑णं॒ सोमं॑ वृष॒भाय॑ सुष्वति ॥ ५ ॥<BR‍> वृषा॑ ते॒ वज्र॑ उ॒त ते॒ वृषा॒ रथो॒ वृष॑णा॒ हरी॑ वृष॒भाण्यायु॑धा || <BR‍> वृष्णो॒ मद॑स्य वृषभ॒ त्वमी॑शिष॒ इन्द्र॒ सोम॑स्य वृष॒भस्य॑ तृप्णुहि ॥ ६ ॥<BR‍> प्र ते॒ नावं॒ न सम॑ने वच॒स्युव॒ं ब्रह्म॑णा यामि॒ सव॑नेषु॒ दाधृ॑षिः || <BR‍> कु॒विन्नो॑ अ॒स्य वच॑सो नि॒बोधि॑ष॒दिन्द्र॒मुत्सं॒ न वसु॑नः सिचामहे ॥ ७ ॥<BR‍> पु॒रा स॑म्बा॒धाद॒भ्या व॑वृत्स्व नो धे॒नुर्न व॒त्सं यव॑सस्य पि॒प्युषी॑ || <BR‍> स॒कृत्सु ते॑ सुम॒तिभिः॑ शतक्रतो॒ सं पत्नी॑भि॒र्न वृष॑णो नसीमहि ॥ ८ ॥<BR‍> नू॒नं सा ते॒ प्रति॒ वरं॑ जरि॒त्रे दु॑ही॒यदि॑न्द्र॒ दक्षि॑णा म॒घोनी॑ || <BR‍> शिक्षा॑ स्तो॒तृभ्यो॒ माति॑ ध॒ग्भगो॑ नो बृ॒हद्व॑देम वि॒दथे॑ सु॒वीराः॑ ॥ ९ ॥ <BR‍> <BR‍> <BR‍> मण्डल २ सूक्त १७ <BR‍> ऋषिः -गृत्समदः देवता-इन्द्र छन्दः-त्रिष्टुप् <BR‍> तद॑स्मै॒ नव्य॑मङ्‍गिर॒स्वद॑र्चत॒ शुष्मा॒ यद॑स्य प्र॒त्नथो॒दीर॑ते || <BR‍> विश्वा॒ यद्‍गो॒त्रा सह॑सा॒ परी॑वृता॒ मदे॒ सोम॑स्य दृंहि॒तान्यैर॑यत् ॥ १ ॥<BR‍> स भू॑तु॒ यो ह॑ प्रथ॒माय॒ धाय॑स॒ ओजो॒ मिमा॑नो महि॒मान॒माति॑रत् || <BR‍> शूरो॒ यो यु॒त्सु त॒न्वं परि॒व्यत॑ शी॒र्षणि॒ द्यां म॑हि॒ना प्रत्य॑मुञ्चत ॥ २ ॥<BR‍> अधा॑कृणोः प्रथ॒मं वी॒र्यं म॒हद्यद॒स्याग्रे॒ ब्रह्म॑णा॒ शुष्म॒मैर॑यः || <BR‍> र॒थे॒ष्ठेन॒ हर्य॑श्वेन॒ विच्यु॑ताः॒ प्र जी॒रयः॑ सिस्रते स॒ध्र्य॑१क् पृथ॑क् ॥ ३ ॥<BR‍> अधा॒ यो विश्वा॒ भुव॑ना॒भि म॒ज्मने॑शान॒कृत्प्रव॑या अ॒भ्यव॑र्धत || <BR‍> आद्रोद॑सी॒ ज्योति॑षा॒ वह्नि॒रात॑नो॒त्सीव्य॒न्तमां॑सि॒ दुधि॑ता॒ सम॑व्ययत् ॥ ४ ॥<BR‍> स प्रा॒चीना॒न्पर्व॑ताँ दृंह॒दोज॑साधरा॒चीन॑मकृणोद॒पामपः॑ || <BR‍> अधा॑रयत्पृथि॒वीं वि॒श्वधा॑यस॒मस्त॑भ्नान्मा॒यया॒ द्याम॑व॒स्रसः॑ ॥ ५ ॥<BR‍> सास्मा॒ अर॑ं बा॒हुभ्यां॒ यं पि॒ताकृ॑णो॒द्विश्व॑स्मा॒दा ज॒नुषो॒ वेद॑स॒स्परि॑ || <BR‍> येना॑ पृथि॒व्यां नि क्रिविं॑ श॒यध्यै॒ वज्रे॑ण ह॒त्व्यवृ॑णक्तुवि॒ष्वणिः॑ ॥ ६ ॥<BR‍> अ॒मा॒जूरि॑व पि॒त्रोः सचा॑ स॒ती स॑मा॒नादा सद॑स॒स्त्वामि॑ये॒ भग॑म् || <BR‍> कृ॒धि प्र॑के॒तमुप॑ मा॒स्या भ॑र द॒द्धि भा॒गं त॒न्वो३येन॑ मा॒महः॑ ॥ ७ ॥<BR‍> भो॒जं त्वामि॑न्द्र व॒यं हु॑वेम द॒दिष्ट्वमि॒न्द्रापां॑सि॒ वाजा॑न् || <BR‍> अ॒वि॒ड्ढीन्द्र चि॒त्रया॑ न ऊ॒ती कृ॒धि वृ॑षन्निन्द्र॒ वस्य॑सो नः ॥ ८ ॥<BR‍> नू॒नं सा ते॒ प्रति॒ वरं॑ जरि॒त्रे दु॑ही॒यदि॑न्द्र॒ दक्षि॑णा म॒घोनी॑ || <BR‍> शिक्षा॑ स्तो॒तृभ्यो॒ माति॑ ध॒ग्भगो॑ नो बृ॒हद्व॑देम वि॒दथे॑ सु॒वीराः॑ ॥ ९ ॥<BR‍> <BR‍> <BR‍> मण्डल २ सूक्त १८ <BR‍> ऋषिः -गृत्समदः देवता-इन्द्र छन्दः-त्रिष्टुप् <BR‍> प्रा॒ता रथो॒ नवो॑ योजि॒ सस्नि॒श्चतु॑र्युगस्त्रिक॒शः स॒प्तर॑श्मिः || <BR‍> दशा॑रित्रो मनु॒ष्यः स्व॒र्षाः स इ॒ष्टिभि॑र्म॒तिभी॒ रंह्यो॑ भूत् ॥ १ ॥<BR‍> सास्मा॒ अर॑ं प्रथ॒मं स द्वि॒तीय॑मु॒तो तृ॒तीय॒ं मनु॑षः॒ स होता॑ || <BR‍> अ॒न्यस्या॒ गर्भ॑म॒न्य ऊ॑ जनन्त॒ सो अ॒न्येभिः॑ सचते॒ जेन्यो॒ वृषा॑ ॥ २ ॥<BR‍> हरी॒ नु कं॒ रथ॒ इन्द्र॑स्य योजमा॒यै सू॒क्तेन॒ वच॑सा॒ नवे॑न || <BR‍> मो षु त्वामत्र॑ ब॒हवो॒ हि विप्रा॒ नि री॑रम॒न्यज॑मानासो अ॒न्ये ॥ ३ ॥<BR‍> आ द्वाभ्यां॒ हरि॑भ्यामिन्द्र या॒ह्या च॒तुर्भि॒रा ष॒ड्भिर्हू॒यमा॑नः || <BR‍> आष्टा॒भिर्द॒शभिः॑ सोम॒पेय॑म॒यं सु॒तः सु॑मख॒ मा मृध॑स्कः ॥ ४ ॥<BR‍> आ विं॑श॒त्या त्रिं॒शता॑ याह्य॒र्वाङ्‍आ च॑त्वारिं॒शता॒ हरि॑भिर्युजा॒नः || <BR‍> आ प॑ञ्चा॒शता॑ सु॒रथे॑भिरि॒न्द्रा ष॒ष्ट्या स॑प्त॒त्या सो॑म॒पेय॑म् ॥ ५ ॥<BR‍> आशी॒त्या न॑व॒त्या या॑ह्य॒र्वाङ्‍आ श॒तेन॒ हरि॑भिरु॒ह्यमा॑नः || <BR‍> अ॒यं हि ते॑ शु॒नहो॑त्रेषु॒ सोम॒ इन्द्र॑ त्वा॒या परि॑षिक्तो॒ मदा॑य ॥ ६ ॥<BR‍> मम॒ ब्रह्मे॑न्द्र या॒ह्यच्छा॒ विश्वा॒ हरी॑ धु॒रि धि॑ष्वा॒ रथ॑स्य || <BR‍> पु॒रु॒त्रा हि वि॒हव्यो॑ ब॒भूथा॒स्मिञ्छू॑र॒ सव॑ने मादयस्व ॥ ७ ॥<BR‍> न म॒ इन्द्रे॑ण स॒ख्यं वि यो॑षद॒स्मभ्य॑मस्य॒ दक्षि॑णा दुहीत || <BR‍> उप॒ ज्येष्ठे॒ वरू॑थे॒ गभ॑स्तौ प्रा॒येप्रा॑ये जिगी॒वांसः॑ स्याम ॥ ८ ॥<BR‍> नू॒नं सा ते॒ प्रति॒ वरं॑ जरि॒त्रे दु॑ही॒यदि॑न्द्र॒ दक्षि॑णा म॒घोनी॑ || <BR‍> शिक्षा॑ स्तो॒तृभ्यो॒ माति॑ ध॒ग्भगो॑ नो बृ॒हद्व॑देम वि॒दथे॑ सु॒वीराः॑ ॥ ९ ॥<BR‍> <BR‍> <BR‍> मण्डल २ सूक्त १९ <BR‍> ऋषिः -गृत्समदः देवता-इन्द्र छन्दः-त्रिष्टुप् <BR‍> अपा॑य्य॒स्यान्ध॑सो॒ मदा॑य॒ मनी॑षिणः सुवा॒नस्य॒ प्रय॑सः || <BR‍> यस्मि॒न्निन्द्रः॑ प्र॒दिवि॑ वावृधा॒न ओको॑ द॒धे ब्र॑ह्म॒ण्यन्त॑श्च॒ नरः॑ ॥ १ ॥<BR‍> अ॒स्य म॑न्दा॒नो मध्वो॒ वज्र॑ह॒स्तोऽ॑हि॒मिन्द्रो॑ अर्णो॒वृतं॒ वि वृ॑श्चत् || <BR‍> प्र यद्वयो॒ न स्वस॑रा॒ण्यच्छा॒ प्रयां॑सि च न॒दीनां॒ चक्र॑मन्त ॥ २ ॥<BR‍> स माहि॑न॒ इन्द्रो॒ अर्णो॑ अ॒पां प्रैर॑यदहि॒हाच्छा॑ समु॒द्रम् || <BR‍> अज॑नय॒त्सूर्यं॑ वि॒दद्गा अ॒क्तुनाह्नां॑ व॒युना॑नि साधत् ॥ ३ ॥<BR‍> सो अ॑प्र॒तीनि॒ मन॑वे पु॒रूणीन्द्रो॑ दाशद्दा॒शुषे॒ हन्ति॑ वृ॒त्रम् || <BR‍> स॒द्यो यो नृभ्यो॑ अत॒साय्यो॒ भूत्प॑स्पृधा॒नेभ्यः॒ सूर्य॑स्य सा॒तौ ॥ ४ ||<BR‍> स सु॑न्व॒त इन्द्रः॒ सूर्य॒मा दे॒वो रि॑ण॒ङ्‍मर्त्या॑य स्त॒वान् || <BR‍> आ यद्र॒यिं गु॒हद॑वद्यमस्मै॒ भर॒दंशं॒ नैत॑शो दश॒स्यन् ॥ ५ ॥<BR‍> स र॑न्धयत्स॒दिवः॒ सार॑थये॒ शुष्ण॑म॒शुषं॒ कुय॑वं॒ कुत्सा॑य || <BR‍> दिवो॑दासाय नव॒तिं च॒ नवेन्द्रः॒ पुरो॑ व्यैर॒च्छम्ब॑रस्य ॥ ६ ॥<BR‍> ए॒वा त॑ इन्द्रो॒चथ॑महेम श्रव॒स्या न त्मना॑ वा॒जय॑न्तः || <BR‍> अ॒श्याम॒ तत्साप्त॑माशुषा॒णा न॒नमो॒ वध॒रदे॑वस्य पी॒योः ॥ ७ ॥<BR‍> ए॒वा ते॑ गृत्सम॒दाः शू॑र॒ मन्मा॑व॒स्यवो॒ न व॒युना॑नि तक्षुः || <BR‍> ब्र॒ह्म॒ण्यन्त॑ इन्द्र ते॒ नवी॑य॒ इष॒मूर्जं॑ सुक्षि॒तिं सु॒म्नम॑श्युः ॥ ८ ॥<BR‍> नू॒नं सा ते॒ प्रति॒ वरं॑ जरि॒त्रे दु॑ही॒यदि॑न्द्र॒ दक्षि॑णा म॒घोनी॑ || <BR‍> शिक्षा॑ स्तो॒तृभ्यो॒ माति॑ ध॒ग्भगो॑ नो बृ॒हद्व॑देम वि॒दथे॑ सु॒वीराः॑ ॥ ९ ॥<BR‍> <BR‍> <BR‍> मण्डल २ सूक्त २० <BR‍> ऋषिः -गृत्समदः देवता-इन्द्र छन्दः-त्रिष्टुप् <BR‍> व॒यं ते॒ वय॑ इन्द्र वि॒द्धि षु णः॒ प्र भ॑रामहे वाज॒युर्न रथ॑म् || <BR‍> वि॒प॒न्यवो॒ दीध्य॑तो मनी॒षा सु॒म्नमिय॑क्षन्त॒स्त्वाव॑तो॒ नॄन् ॥ १ ॥<BR‍> त्वं न॑ इन्द्र॒ त्वाभि॑रू॒ती त्वा॑य॒तो अ॑भिष्टि॒पासि॒ जना॑न् || <BR‍> त्वमि॒नो दा॒शुषो॑ वरू॒तेत्थाधी॑र॒भि यो नक्ष॑ति त्वा ॥ २ ॥<BR‍> स नो॒ युवेन्द्रो॑ जो॒हूत्रः॒ सखा॑ शि॒वो न॒राम॑स्तु पा॒ता || <BR‍> यः शंस॑न्तं॒ यः श॑शमा॒नमू॒ती पच॑न्तं च स्तु॒वन्तं॑ च प्र॒णेष॑त् ॥ ३ ॥<BR‍> तमु॑ स्तुष॒ इन्द्रं॒ तं गृ॑णीषे॒ यस्मि॑न्पु॒रा वा॑वृ॒धुः शा॑श॒दुश्च॑ || <BR‍> स वस्वः॒ काम॑म् पीपरदिया॒नो ब्र॑ह्मण्य॒तो नूत॑नस्या॒योः ॥ ४ ॥<BR‍> सो अङ्‍गि॑रसामु॒चथा॑ जुजु॒ष्वान्ब्रह्मा॑ तूतो॒दिन्द्रो॑ गा॒तुमि॒ष्णन् || <BR‍> मु॒ष्णन्नु॒षसः॒ सूर्ये॑ण स्त॒वानश्न॑स्य चिच्छिश्नथत्पू॒र्व्याणि॑ ॥ ५ ॥<BR‍> स ह॑ श्रु॒त इन्द्रो॒ नाम॑ दे॒व ऊ॒र्ध्वो भु॑व॒न्मनु॑षे द॒स्मत॑मः || <BR‍> अव॑ प्रि॒यम॑र्शसा॒नस्य॑ सा॒ह्वाञ्छिरो॑ भरद्दा॒सस्य॑ स्व॒धावा॑न् ॥ ६ ॥<BR‍> स वृ॑त्र॒हेन्द्रः॑ कृ॒ष्णयो॑नीः पुरंद॒रो दासी॑रैरय॒द्वि || <BR‍> अज॑नय॒न्मन॑वे॒ क्षाम॒पश्च॑ स॒त्रा शंसं॒ यज॑मानस्य तूतोत् ॥ ७ ॥<BR‍> तस्मै॑ तव॒स्य॑१मनु॑ दायि स॒त्रेन्द्रा॑य दे॒वेभि॒रर्ण॑सातौ || <BR‍> प्रति॒ यद॑स्य॒ वज्र॑ं बा॒ह्वोर्धुर्ह॒त्वी दस्यू॒न्पुर॒ आय॑सी॒र्नि ता॑रीत् ॥ ८ ॥<BR‍> नू॒नं सा ते॒ प्रति॒ वरं॑ जरि॒त्रे दु॑ही॒यदि॑न्द्र॒ दक्षि॑णा म॒घोनी॑ || <BR‍> शिक्षा॑ स्तो॒तृभ्यो॒ माति॑ ध॒ग्भगो॑ नो बृ॒हद्व॑देम वि॒दथे॑ सु॒वीराः॑ ॥ ९ ॥<BR‍> <BR‍> <BR‍> [[en:Mandala 2]] 4469 11059 2006-08-17T13:23:32Z Murtasa 17 '''विक्रमादित्यः''' भारतवर्षस्य एकः धर्मपरायणः सत्य-न्यायप्रियः महान् सम्म्राट् आसीत् । तस्य कार्यकालः ६३ ई०पू० अस्ति । तस्य नाम्नैव विक्रम संवत् भारतीय पञ्चाङ्ग सर्वत्र प्रचलति । विक्रम-बेताल पंचविशतिका कथा द्वाविशति पुत्तलिकाः कथाः लोके अति प्रसिद्धाः सन्ति । अस्यैव सभायां कालिदासादयः विख्याताः नव रत्नाः आसन् । {{stub}} [[en:Vikramāditya]] 4470 11057 2006-08-17T06:38:04Z DaGizza 117 stub '''यन्त्रशास्त्र''' (Engineering) {{stub}} 4471 12178 2006-12-02T01:21:02Z Eukesh 157 '''ऋणाणुशास्त्र''' (Electronics) [[en:Electronics]] त्रिणाणुनाम् नियन्त्रण विद्या एवम् थदीय पठनम् एव त्रिणाणुशास्त्रः. द्विविद त्रिणाः सन्ति विध्युत् चालके. {{stub}} 4472 11996 2006-11-29T19:58:47Z 130.39.222.122 {{stub}} [[Image:Bhimfedi.JPG|thumb|right]] [[नेपाल]]स्य क्षेत्रम् अस्ति। [[en:Narayani Zone]] 4474 11074 2006-08-18T05:00:10Z Nityagopal Katare 182 /* Headline text */ भर्तृहरिः विक्रमसंवत्-प्रवर्त्तकस्य विक्रमादित्यस्य भ्राता आसीत्।सः संस्कृत भाषायाः परम विद्वान् कविश्चासीत्। तस्य समयः ६० ई०पू० मन्यन्ते इतिहासकाराः। अनेन कविना नीतिशतकम् ,श्रृंगारशतकम्,वैराग्यशतकमञ्च ग्रन्थ त्रयं रचितवान्। एतान शतकत्रयम् नाम्ना जानन्ति जनाः। काश्चित् कविताः पश्यन्तु। भर्तृहरि पद्यानि श्रोत्रं श्रुतैनैव न कुण्डलेन दानेन पाणिर्न तु कंकणेन विभाति कायः करुणापराणां परोपकारैर्न तु चन्दनेन।।१ प्रारभ्यते न खलु विघ्नभयेन नीचैः प्रारभ्य विघ्नविहिता विरमन्ति मध्याः। विघ्नैः पुनः पुनरपि प्रतिहन्यमानाः प्रारभ्य चोत्तम जनाः न परित्यजन्तिः।।२ सम्पत्सु महतां चित्तं भवत्युत्पल कोमलम्। आपत्सु च महाशैल शिलासंघात कर्कशम्।।३ पापान्निवारयति योजयते हिताय गुह्यं निगूहति गुणान् प्रकटीकरोति। आपद्गतं च न जहाति ददाति काले सन्मित्र लक्षणमिदं प्रवदन्ति सन्तः।।४ क्वचिद् भूमौ शय्या क्वचिदपि च पर्यंकशयनः क्वचिच्छाकाहारी क्वचिदपि च शाल्योदन रुचिः। क्वचित् कन्थाधारी क्वचिदपि च दिव्याम्बरधरो मनस्वी कार्यार्थी न गणयति दुःखं न च सुखम्।।५ एकेनापि हि शूरेण पादाक्रान्तं महीतलम्। क्रियते भास्करेणैव परिस्फुरित तेजसा।।६ । 4475 12824 2006-12-17T22:53:33Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: bn, de, ja, pl, ro, ru, sv, ta '''शिलांग''' [[मेघालय]] प्रदेशस्‍य राजधानी नागरम् अस्ति । {{stub}} [[Category:नागरानि]] [[bn:শিলং]] [[de:Shillong]] [[en:Shillong]] [[hi:शिलांग]] [[ja:シロン]] [[pl:Shillong]] [[ro:Shillong]] [[ru:Шиллонг]] [[sv:Shillong]] [[ta:ஷில்லாங்]] 4476 11104 2006-08-23T08:10:30Z DaGizza 117 fix errors '''शिव''' [[सनातन धर्म|सनातन धर्मे]] एकः प्रमुखः [[देव]] अस्ति । {{stub}} [[Category:सनातन धर्म]] 4480 11117 2006-08-29T08:13:22Z DaGizza 117 delete {{delete}} ये अनुच्छेद हिन्दी में है। 4481 11126 2006-08-31T19:13:01Z MediaWiki default The given page title was invalid or had an inter-language or inter-wiki prefix. It may contain one more characters which cannot be used in titles. 4482 11127 2006-08-31T19:13:01Z MediaWiki default anon. only 4483 11128 2006-08-31T19:13:01Z MediaWiki default April 4484 11129 2006-08-31T19:13:01Z MediaWiki default asc 4485 11130 2006-08-31T19:13:01Z MediaWiki default August 4486 11131 2006-08-31T19:13:01Z MediaWiki default You are not allowed to execute the action you have requested. 4487 11132 2006-08-31T19:13:01Z MediaWiki default The action you have requested is limited to users in the group $1. 4488 11133 2006-08-31T19:13:01Z MediaWiki default The action you have requested is limited to users in one of the groups $1. 4489 11134 2006-08-31T19:13:01Z MediaWiki default The action you have requested is limited to users in one of the groups $1. 4490 11136 2006-08-31T19:13:01Z MediaWiki default Account creation from this IP address (<b>$1</b>) has been blocked. This is probably due to persistent vandalism from your school or Internet service provider. 4491 11137 2006-08-31T19:13:01Z MediaWiki default Can't create account 4492 11138 2006-08-31T19:13:01Z MediaWiki default View category page 4493 11139 2006-08-31T19:13:01Z MediaWiki default You do not have a valid email address set in your [[Special:Preferences|user preferences]]. 4494 11140 2006-08-31T19:13:01Z MediaWiki default account creation blocked 4495 11141 2006-08-31T19:13:02Z MediaWiki default The database is not locked. 4496 11142 2006-08-31T19:13:02Z MediaWiki default December 4497 11143 2006-08-31T19:13:02Z MediaWiki default desc 4498 11144 2006-08-31T19:13:02Z MediaWiki default February 4499 11145 2006-08-31T19:13:02Z MediaWiki default Fri 4500 11146 2006-08-31T19:13:02Z MediaWiki default Date 4501 11147 2006-08-31T19:13:02Z MediaWiki default Description 4502 11148 2006-08-31T19:13:02Z MediaWiki default Name 4503 11149 2006-08-31T19:13:02Z MediaWiki default Search for image name: 4504 11150 2006-08-31T19:13:03Z MediaWiki default Size (bytes) 4505 11151 2006-08-31T19:13:03Z MediaWiki default User 4506 11152 2006-08-31T19:13:03Z MediaWiki default file 4507 11153 2006-08-31T19:13:03Z MediaWiki default Go! 4508 11154 2006-08-31T19:13:03Z MediaWiki default 4509 11155 2006-08-31T19:13:03Z MediaWiki default Go to page 4510 11156 2006-08-31T19:13:03Z MediaWiki default next page &rarr; 4511 11157 2006-08-31T19:13:03Z MediaWiki default &larr; previous page 4512 11158 2006-08-31T19:13:03Z MediaWiki default Transfer pages into namespace: 4513 11160 2006-08-31T19:13:03Z MediaWiki default "$1" is already blocked 4514 11161 2006-08-31T19:13:03Z MediaWiki default Error: Block ID $1 not found. 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To lock or unlock the database, this needs to be writable by the web server. 4522 11171 2006-08-31T19:13:03Z MediaWiki default March 4523 11172 2006-08-31T19:13:04Z MediaWiki default May 4524 11173 2006-08-31T19:13:04Z MediaWiki default View message page 4525 11174 2006-08-31T19:13:04Z MediaWiki default Mon 4526 11175 2006-08-31T19:13:04Z MediaWiki default Username: 4527 11178 2006-08-31T19:13:04Z MediaWiki default November 4528 11179 2006-08-31T19:13:04Z MediaWiki default October 4529 11180 2006-08-31T19:13:04Z MediaWiki default Revision as of $1; $5<br />($6) $3 | $2 | $4 ($7) 4530 11181 2006-08-31T19:13:05Z MediaWiki default Sat 4531 11182 2006-08-31T19:13:05Z MediaWiki default Search 4532 11183 2006-08-31T19:13:05Z MediaWiki default You searched for '''[[:$1]]''' 4533 11184 2006-08-31T19:13:05Z MediaWiki default You searched for '''$1''' 4534 11185 2006-08-31T19:13:05Z MediaWiki default September 4535 11186 2006-08-31T19:13:05Z MediaWiki default Most viewed pages 4536 11187 2006-08-31T19:13:05Z MediaWiki default Sun 4537 11188 2006-08-31T19:13:05Z MediaWiki default No results 4538 11189 2006-08-31T19:13:05Z MediaWiki default First page 4539 11190 2006-08-31T19:13:05Z MediaWiki default Last page 4540 11191 2006-08-31T19:13:05Z MediaWiki default Show $1 items per page 4541 11192 2006-08-31T19:13:05Z MediaWiki default Go 4542 11193 2006-08-31T19:13:05Z MediaWiki default Next page 4543 11194 2006-08-31T19:13:05Z MediaWiki default Previous page 4544 11195 2006-08-31T19:13:05Z MediaWiki default View template page 4545 11196 2006-08-31T19:13:05Z MediaWiki default Thu 4546 11197 2006-08-31T19:13:05Z MediaWiki default Tue 4547 11198 2006-08-31T19:13:05Z MediaWiki default (a file on your computer) 4548 11465 2006-10-25T19:58:59Z MediaWiki default 207 (a valid, publicly accessible URL) 4549 11201 2006-08-31T19:13:06Z MediaWiki default View help page 4550 11202 2006-08-31T19:13:06Z MediaWiki default View logs for this page 4551 11203 2006-08-31T19:13:06Z MediaWiki default Wed 4552 11217 2006-09-03T18:01:46Z Nityagopal Katare 182 '''''''''महाकविः भासः एकः महान् संस्कृत नाटककारः आसीत् ।भासस्य १३ नाटकानि उपलब्धानि सन्ति।१९०९ ख्रीष्टाब्दौ महामहोपाध्याय टी गणपति शास्त्री महोदयः ट्रावनकोर राज्यात् प्राप्तवान् ।तेषां नाटकानाम् नामानि सन्ति अधोलिखितानि।''''''''' १ '''स्वप्नवासवदत्तम् २ '''प्रतिज्ञा यौगन्धरायणम्''' ३ '''उरु भंगम्''' ४ '''दूतवाक्यम्''' ५ '''पञ्चरात्रम्''' ६ '''बालचरितम्''' ७ '''दूतघटोत्कचम्''' ८ '''कर्णभारः''' ९ '''मध्यमव्यायोगः''' १० '''प्रतिमा नाटकम्''' ११ '''अभिषेक नाटकम्''' १२ '''अविमारकम्''' १३ '''चारुदत्तम्'''''' भासस्य कालः पञ्चम शताब्दि ई०पू० मन्यन्ते इतिहासकाराः।पश्यन्तु एकं नाटकम् मध्यम व्यायोगम्। (महाकवि भासरचितं नाटकं मध्यमव्यायोगात् गृहीतम् ) मातुराज्ञा गरीयसी (ततः प्रविशति सुतत्रयकलत्रसहितः केशवदासः पृष्ठतः घटोत्कचः च ) घटोत्कचः -- भो वृद्ध । इहैव तिष्ठ।पदम् अपि अग्रे न गन्तव्यम् । वृद्धः -- भो पुरुष।किमर्थम् अस्मान् अग्रे गमनात् निवारयसि? घटोत्कचः -- मम माता उपवास निसर्गार्थम् एकं मानुषं माम् आनेतुम् आदिशत् ।अतः अहं भवत्सु एकं नेष्यामि। वृद्धः-- प्रिये नास्ति मोक्षः राक्षसात् ।अहमेव अनेन सह गच्छामि। मया सांसारिक भोगाः भुक्ताः।अतः निज शरीर दानेन कुलं रक्षितुम् इच्छामि। घटोत्कचः -- अपसरतु भवान् ।मम माता वृद्धं नेच्छति। पत्नी-- आर्य । तर्हि मम शरीरेण रक्षितव्यम् कुलम्। घटोत्कचः -- नहि नहि स्त्री जनो न अभिमतः तत्रभवत्या। प्रथमः पुत्रः-- ज्येष्ठोऽहं कुलस्य रक्षणार्थे प्राणान् दातुमिच्छामि। तृतीयः पुत्रः-- ज्येष्ठः भवान् कुलं पालयतु। अहं प्राणान् ददामि। द्वितीयः पुत्रः-- त्वं कनिष्ठोऽसि ।तव प्राण त्यागः नोचितः।(घटोत्कचं प्रति) भो पुरुष ।अहं त्वया सह चलामि। घटोत्कचः -- प्रीतोऽस्मि आगच्छ चलावःद्वितीयः पुत्रः-- क्षणं तिष्ठतु भवान् ।वनान्तरे जलाशयात् अहं पिपासां शमयितुं इच्छामि। घटोत्कचः -- गत्वा पिपासां शमय। शीघ्रं आगन्तव्यम्।अतिक्रामति मातुः आहारवेला।द्वितीय पुत्रः--भो तात ।एष गच्छामि। (निष्क्रान्तः) घटोत्कचः -- चिरायते कुमारः ।(ज्येष्ठं प्रति) अयि कुमार ।किं नाम तव भ्रातुः?प्रथम पुत्रः-- तस्य नाम मध्यमः इति। घटोत्कचः -- भो मध्यम , मध्यम ।शीघ्रं आगच्छ।( ततः प्रविशति भीमसेनः ) भीमसेनः--कोऽयं मध्यम मध्यम इति शब्दैः मम व्यायामविघ्नं उत्पादयति । अस्तु पश्यामि ।(घटोत्कचं दृष्ट्वा ) भो पुरुष ।ब्रुहि किमर्थं माम् आह्वयसि ?अहं अस्मि मध्यमः। घटोत्कचः -- (आत्मगतम्) न खलु अयं कुमारः।किम् एषः अपि मध्यमः? (प्रकाशम्) अहं मध्यमं शब्दापयामि। भीमसेनः--अतः खल्वहं प्राप्तः। घटोत्कचः -- किं भवान् अपि मध्यमः? भीमसेनः--न तावदपरः। अहमेव भ्रातृणां मध्यमः। वृद्धः--भो मध्यम।अस्मान् परित्रायस्व ।एष राक्षसः अस्मान् हन्तुमिच्छति'। भीमसेनः--भो पुरुष। किमर्थं वृद्धस्य परिवारं त्रासयसि ? मुञ्च एनम्। घटोत्कचः--न मुञ्चामि । मातुराज्ञया गृहीतोऽयम्।भीमसेनः--(आत्मगतम्) कथं मातुराज्ञया इति। माता किल मनुष्याणां देवतानां च दैवतम्। मातुराज्ञां पुरस्कृत्य वयमेतां दशां गताः।। (प्रकाशम्)किं नाम भवतः माता? घटोत्कचः--हिडिम्बा। भीमसेनः--(आत्मगतम्) एवम् हिडिम्बायाः पुत्रोऽयम्।सदृशो हि अस्य गर्वः।(घटोत्कचं प्रति) आदेशय गृहमार्गम्। घटोत्कचः--अनुसरतु माम्। (सर्वे परिक्रामन्ति) भोः इदमस्माकम् गृहम्।( गृहं प्रविश्य अम्बां प्रति) अम्ब। आनीतः तब चिराभिलसितः मानुषः। हिडिम्बा-- (भीमसेनम् अवलोक्य) जयतु आर्यपुत्रः । घटोत्कचः--भवति कोऽयम्? हिडिम्बा-- उन्मत्तक । दैवतम् अस्माकम्।अभिवादय पितरम्। घटोत्कचः--तात। घटोत्कचोऽहम् अभिवादये।मम चापलं क्षन्तुमर्हसि। भीमसेनः--एहि पुत्र एहि ।(उभौ परिष्वजतः)वृद्धः-- भो वृकोदर । रक्षितमस्मत्कुलम्, स्वकुलमुद्धृतं च । गच्छामस्तावत्।( निष्क्रान्तः सकलपुत्रः केशवदासः) भीमसेनः--हिडिम्बे । वत्स घटोत्कच ।इतस्तावत् ।केशवदासं आश्रमपद द्वारमात्रं त्यक्त्वा सम्मावयिष्यामः।( सर्वे निष्क्रान्तः) । 4554 11229 2006-09-06T07:58:43Z DaGizza 117 delete {{delete}} yeh ek mahadweep hai. Jambudveep vishva ka sabse bada mahadweep hai. Is mahadweep mein anek desh hain. Bharatvarsha isi mahadweep ka ek desh hai. 4555 11223 2006-09-06T07:25:26Z DaGizza 117 [[शब्दकोशः]] moved to [[Wikipedia:शब्दकोशः]]: non encyclopedic *प्रेषपत्रकम् = postcard ( preShapatrakam - ) *पञ्जीयितपत्रम् = registered letter ( pa~njiiyitapatram - ) *वितन्तुकम् = radio ( vitantukam - ) *ध्वनिवादित्रम् = tape recorder ( dhvanivaaditram - ) *सम्प्रथकम् = transistor ( samprathakam - ) *द्विचक्रम् = bicycle ( dvicakram - ) *आरोधः = brake ( aarodhaH - ) *शृङ्खला = chain ( shRRi~Nkhalaa - ) *पद्दलः = pedal ( paddalaH - ) *नलिका = tube ( nalikaa - ) *पविः =! (m.)-tyre ( paviH - ) *हस्तलः = handle ( hastalaH - ) *अक्षः = axle ( axaH - ) *घण्टिका = bell ( ghaNTikaa - ) *प्रकाशः = light ( prakaashaH - ) *दृतिः = (f.)-punctured ( dRRitiH - ) *स्कुन्दनम् = scooter ( skundanam - ) *नवयोगः = repair ( navayogaH - ), 4557 11558 2006-11-09T22:59:51Z 138.16.35.176 4558 11227 2006-09-06T07:26:16Z DaGizza 117 delete {{delete}} 4561 11231 2006-09-06T17:43:56Z Nityagopal Katare 182 अर्थेन परिहीनस्युरुषस्यान्यमेदसः। क्रियाः सर्वाः विनश्यन्ति ग्रीष्मेषु सरिता इव।।१ तानीन्द्रियाण्यविकलानि मनस्तदेव सा बुद्धिरप्रतिहता वचनं तदेव अर्थोष्मणा विरहितः पुरुषः स एव 4562 11235 2006-09-07T18:06:22Z Nityagopal Katare 182 'गुरुर्ब्रह्मा गुरुर्विष्णुः गुरुर्देवो महेश्वरः। गुरुः साक्षात् परब्रह्म तस्मै श्रीगुरवे नमः।।१ अज्ञान तिमिरान्धस्य ज्ञानाञ्जन शलाकया। चक्षुरुन्मीलितं येन तस्मै श्रीगरवे नमः।।२ ---- 4563 11245 2006-09-09T03:56:41Z Nityagopal Katare 182 '''पापान्निवारयति योजयते हिताय गुह्यं निगूहति गुणान् प्रकटीकरोति। आपद्गतं च न जहाति ददाति काले सन्मित्र लक्षणमिदं प्रवदन्ति सन्तः।''' 4564 11262 2006-09-11T11:26:07Z DaGizza 117 redirect #Redirect[[भारत]] 4565 11543 2006-11-03T17:54:18Z 38.112.112.254 me:...who? 4566 11272 2006-09-14T20:37:24Z Eukesh 157 {| class="toccolours" |- ! [[Image:Flag of Nepal.svg|center|55px]] | <big> ! width="100%" bgcolor="#ccccff" | <center>[[नेपाल]]</center> </big> | ! [[Image:Flag of Nepal.svg|center|55px]] |- | colspan="3" align="center" | '''[[भूगोल]] :''' [[नेपाल: भूगोल]] | [[हिमाल]] | [[नेपाल पहाड|पहाड]] | [[महाभारत क्षृंखला]] | [[भित्री मधेश]] | [[चुरे]] | [[तराई]]]] |- | colspan="3" align="center" | '''[[विकास क्षेत्रा]]:''' [[पूर्वाञ्चल]] | [[मध्यमाञ्चल]] | [[पश्चिमाञ्चल]] | [[मध्यपश्चिमाञ्चल]] | [[सुदुरपश्चिमाञ्चल]] |- | colspan="3" align="center" | '''[[भाषा]]:''' [[नेपाली]] | [[नेपाल भाषा]] | [[तामाङ भाषा|तामाङ]] | [[किरांत भाषा]] | [[गुरुङ|गुरुङ भाषा]] | [[मगर|मगर भाषा]] | [[मैथिली]] | [[भोजपुरी]] | [[शेर्पा|शेर्पा भाषा]] |- |} 4567 11275 2006-09-14T20:39:51Z Eukesh 157 [[भाषा]] विचारस्य: आदानप्रदान माध्यम:| 4568 11276 2006-09-14T20:41:47Z Eukesh 157 '''सिद्धिदास महाजु''' [[नेपाल भाषा]]स्य [[महाकवि]] अस्ति:| {{नेपाल}} 4569 11277 2006-09-14T20:44:36Z Eukesh 157 '''रन्जना लिपि''' [[नेपाल भाषा]]स्य एक [[लिपि]] अस्ति| 4570 11282 2006-09-16T02:08:39Z DaGizza 117 delete {{delete}} hi mayur is small...lol 4571 11330 2006-09-27T08:29:26Z CommonsDelinker 200 The file Physcian examining a child.jpg has been removed as it was deleted in Commons by Raymond de. '''Medicine''' is the branch of [[health science]] and the sector of public life concerned with maintaining or restoring [[human]] [[health]] through the study, diagnosis and treatment of [[disease]] and [[injury]]. It is both an ''area of knowledge'' &ndash; a [[science]] of [[body]] [[organ system|systems]], their diseases and treatment &ndash; and the ''applied practice'' of that knowledge. ==परिचय== Medical care is shared between the ''medical profession'' ([[physician]]s or doctors) and other professionals such as [[nurse]]s and [[pharmacist]]s, sometimes known as [[Allied health professions|allied health professionals]]. Historically, only those with a medical doctorate have been considered to ''practice medicine''. ''Clinicians'' (licensed professionals who deal with patients) can be physicians, nurses, therapists or others. The medical profession is the social and occupational structure of the group of people formally trained and authorized to apply medical knowledge. Many [[country|countries]] and legal jurisdictions have [[law|legal]] limitations on who may practice medicine. Medicine comprises various specialized sub-branches, such as [[cardiology]], [[pulmonology]], [[neurology]], or other fields such as sports medicine, research or public health. Human societies have had various different systems of health care practice since at least the beginning of recorded history. Medicine, in the modern period, is the mainstream scientific tradition which developed in the [[Western world]] since the early Renaissance (around 1450). Many other traditions of health care are still practiced throughout the world; most of these are separate from Western medicine, which is also called '''biomedicine''', '''allopathic medicine''' or the [[Hippocrates|Hippocratic]] tradition. The most highly developed of these are [[traditional Chinese medicine]] and the [[Ayurvedic medicine|Ayurvedic tradition]]s of [[India]] and [[Sri Lankan Ayurvedic Tradition|Sri Lanka]]. Various non-mainstream traditions of health care have also developed in the Western world. These systems are sometimes considered companions to Hippocratic medicine, and sometimes are seen as competition to the Western tradition. Few of them have any scientific confirmation of their tenets, because if they did they would be brought into the fold of Western medicine. "Medicine" is also often used amongst medical professionals as shorthand for [[internal medicine]]. [[Veterinary medicine]] is the practice of health care in [[animal]] [[species]] other than human beings. ==चिकित्सा ईतिहास== [[Image:Medicine aryballos Louvre CA1989-2183.jpg|right|thumb|चिकित्सक चिकित्सन्ति रोगी. [[लूभ्]] संग्रहालय, [[पेरिस]], [[फ्रान्स]].]] {{main|चिकित्सा ईतिहास}} प्राय प्राचीन्तम् सभ्यता चिकित्सार्थाय प्राणी (वृक्ष, जलचर, भूमिचर ईत्यादि) प्रयोग कुर्वन्ति| This was usually in concert with 'magic' of various kinds in which: [[animism]] (the notion of inanimate objects having spirits); [[spiritualism]] (here meaning an appeal to gods or communion with ancestor spirits); [[shamanism]] (the vesting of an individual with mystic powers); and [[divination]] (the supposed obtaining of truth by magic means), played a major role. चिकित्सा अभ्यास [[प्राचीन मिश्र]], [[प्राचीन भारत]], [[प्राचीन चीन]], [[प्राचीन युनान]], [[प्राचीन फारस]] व अन्य स्थानं विविध प्रकारेण प्रारम्भे| Medicine as it is practiced now developed largely in the late eighteenth century and early nineteenth century in [[England]] ([[William Harvey]], seventeenth century), [[Germany]] ([[Rudolf Virchow]]) and [[France]] ([[Jean-Martin Charcot]], [[Claude Bernard]] and others). The new, "scientific" medicine (where results are testable and repeatable) replaced early Western traditions of medicine, based on herbalism, the Greek "[[four humours]]" and other pre-modern theories.{{fact}} The focal points of development of clinical medicine shifted to the [[United Kingdom]] and the [[United States|USA]] by the early 1900s (Canadian-born)[[William Osler|Sir William Osler]], [[Harvey Cushing]]). Possibly the major shift in medical thinking was the gradual rejection in the 1400's of what may be called the 'traditional authority' approach to science and medicine. This was the notion that because some prominent person in the past said something must be so, then that was the way it was, and anything one observed to the contrary was an anomaly (which was paralleled by a similar shift in European society in general - see [[Copernicus]]'s rejection of [[Ptolemy]]'s theories on astronomy). People like [[Vesalius]] led the way in improving upon or indeed rejecting the theories of great authorities from the past such as [[Galen]], [[Hippocrates]], and [[Avicenna]]/[[Ibn Sina]], all of whose theories were in time almost totally discredited. Such new attitudes were also only made possible by the weakening of the Roman Catholic church's power in society, especially in the [[Republic of Venice]]. [[Evidence-based medicine]] is a recent movement to establish the most effective algorithms of practice (ways of doing things) through the use of the [[scientific method]] and modern global [[information science]] by collating all the evidence and developing standard protocols which are then disseminated to doctors. One problem with this 'best practice' approach is that it could be seen to stifle novel approaches to treatment. [[Genomics]] and knowledge of human genetics is already having some influence on medicine, as the causative [[genes]] of most [[monogenic]] [[genetic disorder]]s have now been identified, and the development of techniques in [[molecular biology]] and genetics are influencing medical practice and decision-making. [[औषधिशास्त्र]] has developed from [[herbalism]] and many drugs are still derived from plants (atropine, ephedrine, warfarin, aspirin, digoxin, vinca alkaloids, taxol, hyoscine, etc). The modern era really began with [[Koch]]'s discoveries around 1880 of the transmission of disease by bacteria, and then the discovery of [[antibiotics]] shortly thereafter around 1900. The first major class of antibiotics was the [[Sulfonamide (medicine)|sulfa]] drugs, derived originally from [[azo]] dyes. Throughout the twentieth century, major advances in the treatment of infectious diseases were observable in (Western) societies. The medical establishment is now developing drugs that are targeted towards one particular disease process. Thus [[Medication|drugs]] are being developed to minimise the side effects of prescribed drugs, to treat cancer, geriatric problems, long-term problems (such as high cholesterol), chronic diseases (type 2 diabetes), lifestyle and degenerative diseases such as (arthritis) and [[Alzheimer's disease]]. ==चिकित्सा अभ्यास== चिकित्सा अभ्यास एकस्य विज्ञान व कला भव:| चिकित्सक रोग निवारणे व रोगीस्य स्वास्थ्य लाभेशु वैज्ञानिक ज्ञान कलात्मक रूपेणु प्रयुक्त| चिकित्सा सारम् '''रोगी-चिकित्सक सम्बन्ध''' स्थापनार्थाय एकम् स्वास्थ्य समस्याग्रस्थ व्यक्ति चिकित्सकस्य सहायता अनुभुत कृतम्| Other health professionals similarly establish a relationship with a patient and may perform various interventions, e.g. nurses, radiographers and therapists. As part of the medical encounter, the [[Physician|doctor]] needs to: *develop a relationship with the [[patient]] *gather data ([[medical history]], [[systems enquiry]], and [[physical examination]], combined with laboratory or imaging studies (investigations)) *analyze and synthesize that data (assessment and/or differential diagnoses), and then: *develop a treatment plan (further testing, therapy, watchful observation, referral and follow-up) *treat the patient accordingly *assess the progress of treatment and alter the plan as necessary (management). The medical encounter is documented in a [[medical record]], which is a legal document in many jurisdictions.<ref name=AHIMA_2005>{{cite journal | author = AHIMA e-HIM Work Group on the Legal Health Record. | title = Update: Guidelines for Defining the Legal Health Record for Disclosure Purposes. | journal = Journal of AHIMA | year = 2005 | volume = 78 | issue = 8 | pages = 64A&ndash;G | url= http://library.ahima.org/xpedio/groups/public/documents/ahima/bok1_027921.hcsp?dDocName=bok1_027921}}</ref> ===Health care delivery systems=== Medicine is practiced within the [[health care system|medical system]], which is a legal, credentialing and financing framework, established by a particular culture or government. The characteristics of a health care system have significant effect on the way medical care is delivered. Financing has a great influence as it defines who pays the costs. Aside from [[tribal]] cultures, the most significant divide in developed countries is between [[universal health care]] and ''market-based health care'' (such as practiced in the U.S.). Universal health care might allow or ban a parallel private market. The latter is described as single-payor system. Transparency of information is another factor defining a delivery system. Access to information on conditions, treatments, quality and pricing greatly affects the choice by patients / consumers and therefore the incentives of medical professionals. While US health care system has come under fire for [http://www.managedcaremag.com/archives/0401/0401.forum.html lack of openness], new legislation may encourage greater openness. There is a perceived tension between the need for transparency on the one hand and such issues as patient confidentiality and the possible exploitation of information for commercial gain on the other. ===Health care delivery=== {{see also|clinic|hospital|hospice}} [[Image:Henriette Browne Mutter Kind.jpg|thumb|150px|right|हेन्रीयट् ब्राउनस्य चित्र]] चिकित्सा सेवा प्राथमिक, द्वितीय व तृतीय सेवा विभाजित:| [[Primary care]] medical services are provided by physicians or other health professionals who has first contact with a patient seeking medical treatment or care. These occur in physician's office, [[clinic]]s, [[nursing home]]s, [[school]]s, [[home]] visits and other places close to patients. About 90% of medical visits can be treated by the primary care provider. These include treatment of acute and chronic illnesses, preventive care and health education for all ages and both sex. [[Secondary care]] medical services are provided by [[medical specialist]]s in their offices or clinics or at local community hospitals for a patient referred by a primary care provider who first diagnosed or treated the patient. Referrals are made for those patients who required the expertise or procedures performed by specialists. These include both [[ambulatory care]] and [[inpatient]] services, [[emergency room]]s, [[intensive care medicine]], [[surgery]] services, [[physical therapy]], [[childbirth|labor and delivery]], [[endoscopy]] units, diagnostic [[laboratory]] and [[medical imaging]] services, [[hospice]] centers, etc. Some primary care providers may also take care of hospitalized patients and deliver babies in a secondary care setting. [[Tertiary care]] medical services are provided by specialist hospitals or regional centers equipped with diagnostic and treatment facilities not generally available at local hospitals. These include [[trauma center]]s, [[burn (injury)|burn]] treatment centers, advanced [[neonatology]] unit services, [[organ transplant]]s, high-risk pregnancy, [[radiation therapy|radiation]] [[oncology]], etc. Modern medical care also depends on information - still delivered in many health care settings on paper records, but increasingly nowadays by electronic means. ===Doctor-patient relationship=== The [[Physician|doctor]]-[[patient]] relationship and interaction is a central process in the practice of medicine. There are many perspectives from which to understand and describe it. An idealized physician's perspective, such as is taught in [[medical school]], sees the core aspects of the process as the physician learning the patient's symptoms, concerns and values; in response the physician examines the patient, interprets the symptoms, and formulates a diagnosis to explain the symptoms and their cause to the patient and to propose a treatment. The job of a doctor is essentially to be a human biologist: that is, to know the human frame and situation in terms of normality. Once the doctor knows what is normal and can measure the patient against those norms the doctor can then determine the particular departure from the normal and the degree of departure. This is called the diagnosis. The four great cornerstones of diagnostic medicine are [[anatomy]] (structure: what is there), [[physiology]] (how the structure/s work), [[pathology]] (what goes wrong with the anatomy and physiology) and [[psychology]] (mind and behaviour). In addition, the doctor should consider the patient in their 'well' context rather than simply as a walking medical condition. This means the socio-political context of the patient (family, work, stress, beliefs) should be assessed as it often offers vital clues to the patient's condition and further management. In more detail, the patient presents a set of complaints (the [[symptoms]]) to the doctor, who then obtains further information about the patient's symptoms, previous state of health, living conditions, and so forth. The physician then makes a ''review of systems'' (ROS) or ''systems enquiry'', which is a set of ordered questions about each major body system in order: general (such as weight loss), endocrine, cardio-respiratory, etc. Next comes the actual physical examination; the findings are recorded, leading to a list of possible diagnoses. These will be in order of probability. The next task is to enlist the patient's agreement to a management plan, which will include treatment as well as plans for follow-up. Importantly, during this process the [[Physician|doctor]] educates the patient about the causes, progression, outcomes, and possible treatments of his ailments, as well as often providing advice for maintaining health. This teaching relationship is the basis of calling the physician ''[[Physician|doctor]]'', which originally meant "teacher" in [[Latin]]. The [[patient]]-[[Physician|doctor]] relationship is additionally complicated by the patient's suffering (''patient'' derives from the Latin ''patiens'', "suffering") and limited ability to relieve it on his/her own. The doctor's expertise comes from his knowledge of what is healthy and normal contrasted with knowledge and experience of other people who have suffered similar symptoms (unhealthy and abnormal), and the presumed ability to relieve it with medicines ([[pharmacology]]) or other therapies about which the patient may initially have little knowledge. The doctor-patient relationship can be analyzed from the perspective of [[medical ethics|ethical]] concerns, in terms of how well the goals of non-maleficence, beneficence, autonomy, and justice are achieved. Many other values and ethical issues can be added to these. In different societies, periods, and cultures, different values may be assigned different priorities. For example, in the last 30 years medical care in the Western World has increasingly emphasized patient autonomy in decision making. The relationship and process can also be analyzed in terms of social power relationships (e.g., by [[Michel Foucault]]), or economic transactions. Physicians have been accorded gradually higher status and respect over the last century, and they have been entrusted with control of access to prescription medicines as a public health measure. This represents a concentration of power and carries both advantages and disadvantages to particular kinds of patients with particular kinds of conditions. A further twist has occurred in the last 25 years as costs of medical care have risen, and a third party (an [[insurance]] company or government agency) now often insists upon a share of decision-making power for a variety of reasons, reducing freedom of choice of both doctors and patients in many ways. The quality of the [[patient]]-[[Physician|doctor]] relationship is important to both parties. The better the relationship in terms of mutual respect, knowledge, trust, shared values and perspectives about disease and life, and time available, the better will be the amount and quality of information about the patient's disease transferred in both directions, enhancing accuracy of diagnosis and increasing the patient's knowledge about the disease. Where such a relationship is poor the doctor's ability to make a full assessment is compromised and the patient is more likely to distrust the diagnosis and proposed treatment. In these circumstances and also in cases where there is genuine divergence of medical opinions, a ''second opinion'' from another doctor may be sought. In some settings, e.g. the hospital ward, the patient-doctor relationship is much more complex, and many other people are involved when somebody is ill: relatives, neighbors, rescue specialists, nurses, technical personnel, social workers and others. ===Clinical skills=== {{main|Medical history|Physical examination}} A complete medical evaluation includes a [[medical history]], a systems enquiry, a [[physical examination]], appropriate laboratory or imaging studies, analysis of data and medical decision making to obtain [[diagnosis|diagnoses]], and a treatment plan.<ref name=Coulehan_2005>{{cite book | author = Coulehan JL, Block MR | title = The Medical Interview: Mastering Skills for Clinical Practice | edition = 5th ed. | publisher = F. A. Davis | year = 2005 | id = ISBN 0-8036-1246-X }}</ref> The components of the medical history are: *Chief complaint (CC): the reason for the current medical visit. These are the 'symptoms.' They are in the patient's own words and are recorded along with the duration of each one. Also called 'presenting complaint.' *History of present illness / complaint (HPI): the chronological order of events of symptoms and further clarification of each symptom. *Current activity: occupation, hobbies, what the patient actually does. *[[Medication]]s: what drugs the patient takes including [[over-the-counter drug|over-the-counter]], and home remedies, as well as [[Herbalism|herbal medicines/herbal remedies]] such as [[St. John's Wort]]. [[Allergy|Allergies]] are recorded. *Past medical history (PMH/PMHx): concurrent medical problems, past hospitalizations and [[surgery|operation]]s, injuries, past [[infectious disease]]s and/or [[vaccination]]s, history of known allergies. *Social history (SH): birthplace, residences, marital history, social and economic status, habits (including [[diet (nutrition)|diet]], [[medication]]s, [[tobacco]], [[alcohol]]). *[[Family history (medicine)|Family history]] (FH): listing of diseases in the family that may impact the patient. A family tree is sometimes used. *Review of systems (ROS)or systems enquiry: an set of additional questions to ask which may be missed on HPI, generally following the body's main organ systems ([[heart]], [[lung]]s, [[digestive tract]], [[urinary tract]], etc). The [[physical examination]] is the examination of the patient looking for signs of disease ('Symptoms' are what the patient volunteers, 'signs' are what the doctor detects by examination). The doctor uses his senses of sight, hearing, touch, and sometimes smell (taste has been made redundant by the availability of modern lab tests). Four chief methods are used: [[inspection (medicine)|inspection]], [[palpation]] (feel), [[percussion (medicine)|percussion]] (tap to determine resonance characteristics), and [[auscultation]] (listen); smelling may be useful (e.g. infection, [[uremia]], [[diabetic ketoacidosis]]). The clinical examination involves study of: *Vital signs including height, weight, body temperature, [[blood pressure]], [[pulse]], respiration rate, hemoglobin [[oxygen saturation]] *General appearance of the patient and specific indicators of disease (nutritional status, presence of jaundice, pallor or [[clubbing]]) *[[Skin]] *[[Head]], [[eye]], [[ear]], [[nose]], and [[throat]] (HEENT) *Cardiovascular ([[heart]] and [[blood vessel]]s) *Respiratory (large airways and [[lungs]]) *[[Abdomen]] and [[rectum]] *Genitalia (and pregnancy if the patient is or could be pregnant) *Musculoskeletal (spine and extremities) *Neurological (consciousness, awareness, brain, cranial nerves, spinal cord and peripheral nerves) *Psychiatric (orientation, mental state, evidence of abnormal perception or thought) [[Medical laboratory|Laboratory]] and [[Medical imaging|imaging studies]] results may be obtained, if necessary. The medical decision-making (MDM) process involves analysis and synthesis of all the above data to come up with a list of possible diagnoses (the [[differential diagnosis|differential diagnoses]]), along with an idea of what needs to be done to obtain a definitive diagnosis that would explain the patient's problem. The treatment plan may include ordering additional laboratory tests and studies, starting therapy, referral to a specialist, or watchful observation. Follow-up may be advised. This process is used by primary care providers as well as specialists. It may take only a few minutes if the problem is simple and straightforward. On the other hand, it may take weeks in a patient who has been hospitalized with bizarre symptoms or multi-system problems, with involvement by several specialists. On subsequent visits, the process may be repeated in an abbreviated manner to obtain any new history, symptoms, physical findings, and lab or imaging results or specialist consultations. ==Branches of medicine== Working together as an [[interdisciplinary team]], many highly trained [[health profession]]als besides medical practitioners are involved in the delivery of modern health care. Some examples include: [[nurse]]s, laboratory scientists, [[pharmacy|pharmacists]], [[physiotherapy|physiotherapists]], [[speech therapy|speech therapists]], [[occupational therapy|occupational therapists]], [[dietitian]]s and [[bioengineering|bioengineers]]. The scope and sciences underpinning human medicine overlap many other fields. [[Dentistry]] and [[clinical psychology|psychology]], while separate disciplines from medicine, are sometimes also considered medical fields. [[Physician assistant]]s, [[Certified nurse practitioner|nurse practitioner]]s and [[midwives]] treat patients and prescribe medication in many legal jurisdictions. [[Veterinary medicine]] applies similar techniques to the care of animals. Medical doctors have many specializations and subspecializations which are listed below. There are variations from country to country regarding which specialities certain subspecialities are in. ===Diagnostic specialties=== *''[[Clinical laboratory]] sciences'' are the clinical diagnostic services which apply laboratory techniques to [[diagnosis]] and management of patients. In the United States these services are supervised by a pathologist. The personnel that work in these [[medical laboratory]] departments are technically trained staff, each of whom usually hold a [[medical technology]] degree, who actually perform the [[medical test|test]]s, [[assay]]s, and procedures needed for providing the specific services. * ''[[Pathology]]'' is the branch of medicine that deals with the study of diseases and the morphologic, physiologic changes produced by them. As a diagnostic specialty, pathology can be considered the basis of modern scientific medical knowledge and plays a large rôle in [[evidence-based medicine]]. Many modern molecular tests such as flow cytometry, [[polymerase chain reaction]] (PCR), [[immunohistochemistry]], [[cytogenetics]], gene rearragements studies and [[fluorescent in situ hybridization]] (FISH) fall within the territory of pathology. *''[[Radiology]]'' is concerned with imaging of the human body, e.g. by [[x-ray]]s, x-ray [[computed tomography]], [[ultrasonography]], and [[nuclear magnetic resonance]] [[tomography]]. ===Clinical disciplines=== *''[[Anesthesiology]]'' ([[American English|AE]]) or ''anaesthesia'' ([[British English|BE]]) is the clinical discipline concerned with providing [[anesthesia]]. [[Pain medicine]] is often practiced by specialised anesthesiologists. *''[[Dermatology]]'' is concerned with the skin and its diseases. In the UK, dermatology is a subspeciality of general medicine. *''[[Emergency medicine]]'' is concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of acute or life-threatening conditions, including [[Physical trauma|trauma]], surgical, medical, pediatric, and psychiatric emergencies. *''[[General practice]]'', ''[[family practice]]'', ''[[family medicine]]'' or ''primary care'' is, in many countries, the first port-of-call for patients with non-emergency medical problems. Family doctors are usually able to treat over 90% of all complaints without referring to specialists. *''[[Hospital medicine]]'' is the general medical care of hospitalized patients. Doctors whose primary professional focus is hospital medicine are called [[hospitalist]]s in the USA. *''[[Internal medicine]]'' is concerned with systemic diseases of adults, i.e. those diseases that affect the body as a whole (restrictive, current meaning), or with all adult non-operative somatic medicine (traditional, inclusive meaning), thus excluding pediatrics, surgery, gynecology and obstetrics, and psychiatry. There are several subdisciplines of internal medicine: **''[[Cardiology]]'' **''[[Endocrinology]]'' **''[[Gastroenterology]]'' **''[[Hematology]]'' **''[[Infectious Disease]]s'' **''[[Intensive care medicine]]'' **''[[Nephrology]]'' **''[[Oncology]]'' **''[[Pulmonology]]'' **''[[Rheumatology]]'' *''[[Neurology]]'' is concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of [[nervous system]] diseases. It is a subspeciality of general medicine in the UK. *''[[Obstetrics]] and [[gynecology]]'' (often abbreviated as ''[[Obstetrics and Gynaecology|Ob/Gyn]]'') are concerned respectively with childbirth and the female reproductive and associated organs. [[Reproductive medicine]] and [[fertility medicine]] are generally practiced by gynecological specialists. *''[[Palliative care]]'' is a relatively modern branch of clinical medicine that deals with pain and symptom relief and emotional support in patients with [[terminal illness]]es including [[cancer]] and [[heart failure]]. *''[[Pediatrics]]'' (AE) or ''paediatrics'' (BE) is devoted to the care of infants, children, and adolescents. Like internal medicine, there are many pediatric subspecialities for specific age ranges, organ systems, disease classes, and sites of care delivery. Most subspecialities of adult medicine have a pediatric equivalent such as [[pediatric cardiology]], [[pediatric endocrinology]], [[pediatric gastroenterology]], [[pediatric hematology]], [[pediatric oncology]], [[pediatric ophthalmology]], and [[neonatology]]. *''[[Physical medicine and rehabilitation]]'' (or ''physiatry'') is concerned with functional improvement after injury, illness, or [[congenital disorder]]s. *''[[Preventive medicine]]'' is the branch of medicine concerned with preventing disease. *''[[Psychiatry]]'' is the branch of medicine concerned with the [[biopsychosocial|bio-psycho-social]] study of the [[etiology]], [[diagnosis]], [[treatment]] and [[prevention]] of [[cognitive]], [[perceptual]], [[emotional]] and [[behavioral]] disorders. Related non-medical fields include [[psychotherapy]] and [[clinical psychology]]. *''[[Radiation therapy]]'' is concerned with the therapeutic use of [[ionizing radiation]] and high energy elementary particle beams in patient treatment. *''[[Radiology]]'' is concerned with the interpretation of imaging modalities including x-rays, ultrasound, radioisotopes, and MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging). A newer branch of radiology, interventional radiology, is concerned with using medical devices to access areas of the body with minimally invasive techniques. *''Surgical specialties'' employ operative treatment. These include [[Orthopedics]], [[Urology]], [[Ophthalmology]], [[Neurosurgery]], [[Plastic Surgery]], [[Otolaryngology]] and various subspecialties such as [[transplant]] and [[cardiothoracic]]. Some disciplines are highly specialized and are often not considered subdisciplines of surgery, although their naming might suggest so. *''[[Urgent care]]'' focuses on delivery of unscheduled, walk-in care outside of the hospital emergency department for injuries and illnesses that are not severe enough to require care in an emergency department. *''[[Gender-based medicine]]'' studies the biological and physiological differences between the human sexes and how that affects differences in disease. ===Interdisciplinary fields=== Interdisciplinary sub-specialties of medicine are: *''[[Aerospace medicine]]'' deals with medical problems related to flying and [[space travel]]. *''[[Bioethics]]'' is a field of study which concerns the relationship between [[biology]], science, medicine and ethics, [[philosophy]] and [[theology]]. *''[[Biomedical Engineering]]'' is a field dealing with the application of [[engineering]] principles to medical practice. *''[[Clinical pharmacology]]'' is concerned with how systems of [[therapeutics]] interact with patients. *''[[Conservation medicine]]'' studies the relationship between human and animal health, and environmental conditions. Also known as ecological medicine, environmental medicine, or medical geology. *''[[Diving medicine]]'' (or [[hyperbaric medicine]]) is the prevention and treatment of diving-related problems. * ''[[Evolutionary medicine]]'' is a perspective on medicine derived through applying evolutionary theory. *''[[Forensic medicine]]'' deals with medical questions in [[legal]] context, such as determination of the time and cause of death. *''[[Medical humanities]]'' includes the [[humanities]] ([[literature]], [[philosophy]], [[ethics]], [[history]] and [[religion]]), [[social science]] ([[anthropology]], [[cultural studies]], [[psychology]], [[sociology]]), and the [[art]]s ([[literature]], [[theater]], [[film]], and [[visual arts]]) and their application to medical education and practice. *''[[Medical informatics]]'' and ''[[medical computer science]]'' are relatively recent fields that deal with the application of [[computer]]s and [[information technology]] to medicine. *''[[Nosology]]'' is the classification of diseases for various purposes. *''[[Pharmacogenomics]]'' is a form of ''individualized medicine''. *''[[PanVascular Medicine]]'' is an approach to deal with the problems of highly specialised but both, medical and economical inefficiently arranged human resources and medical equipment in today's vascular care facilities *''[[Sports medicine]]'' deals with the treatment and preventive care of [[Athlete|athletics]], [[amateur]] and [[professional]]. The team includes specialty physicians and surgeons, athletic trainers, physical therapists, [[Coach (sport)|coach]]es, other personnel, and, of course, the [[athlete]]. *''[[Therapeutics]]'' is the field, more commonly referenced in earlier periods of history, of the various remedies that can be used to treat disease and promote health [http://2.1911encyclopedia.org/T/TH/THERAPEUTICS.htm] [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9106176?query=Therapeutics&ct=]. *''[[Travel medicine]]'' or ''emporiatrics'' deals with health problems of international travelers or travelers across highly different environments. ==चिकित्साशास्त्र अध्ययन== [[Image:Get lautrec 1901 examination at faculty of medicine.jpg|right|thumb|सन् १९०१स्य चिकित्साशास्त्र परिक्षास्य चित्र]] {{main|चिकित्साशास्त्र अध्ययन|चिकित्साशास्त्र अध्ययन विध्यालय}} Medical education is education related to the practice of being a medical practitioner, either the initial training to become a doctor or further training thereafter. Medical education and training varies considerably across the world, however typically involves entry level education at a university [[medical school]], followed by a period of supervised practise ([[Medical intern|Internship]] and/or [[Residency (medicine)|Residency]]) and possibly postgraduate vocational training. [[Continuing medical education]] is a requirement of many regulatory authorities. Various teaching methodologies have been utilised in medical education, which is an active area of educational research. ==Legal restrictions== In most countries, it is a legal requirement for medical doctors to be licensed or registered. In general, this entails a medical degree from a university and accreditation by a [[medical board]] or an equivalent national organization, which may ask the applicant to pass exams. This restricts the considerable legal authority of the medical profession to doctors that are trained and qualified by national standards. It is also intended as an assurance to patients and as a safeguard against [[charlatan]]s that practice inadequate medicine for personal gain. While the laws generally require medical doctors to be trained in "evidence based", Western, or [[Hippocratic]] Medicine, they are not intended to discourage different paradigms of health and healing, such as [[alternative medicine]] or [[faith healing]]. ==Criticism== Criticism of medicine has a long history. In the [[Middle Ages]], some people did not consider it a profession suitable for Christians, as disease was often considered God sent. God was considered to be the 'divine physician' who sent illness or healing depending on his will. However many monastic orders, particularly the [[Benedictines]], considered the care of the sick as their chief work of mercy. [[Barber surgeon|Barber-surgeons]] (they had the sharpest knives) generally had a bad reputation that was not to improve until the development of academic surgery as a speciality of medicine, rather than an accessory field. {{fact}} Through the course of the twentieth century, doctors focused increasingly on the technology that was enabling them to make dramatic improvements in patients' health. The ensuing development of a more mechanistic, detached practice, with the perception of an attendant loss of patient-focused care, known as the [[medical model]] of health, led to further criticisms. This issue started to reach collective professional consciousness in the 1970s and the profession had begun to respond by the 1980s and 1990s. {{fact}} Perhaps the most devastating criticism of modern medicine came from [[Ivan Illich]]. In his 1976 work ''Medical Nemesis'', Illich stated that modern medicine only ''medicalises'' disease and causes loss of health and [[wellness]], while generally failing to restore health by eliminating disease. This medicalisation of disease forces the human to become a lifelong ''patient''.<ref>{{cite book|title=Medical Nemesis|author=[[Ivan Illich]]|year=1976 | id=ISBN 0-394-71245-5 ISBN 0-7145-1095-5 ISBN 0-7145-1096-3}}</ref>Other less radical philosophers have voiced similar views, but none were as virulent as Illich. Another example can be found in ''Technopoly: The Surrender of Culture to Technology'' by [[Neil Postman]], 1992, which criticises overreliance on technological means in medicine. {{fact}} Criticism of modern medicine has led to some improvements in the curricula of medical schools, which now teach students systematically on [[medical ethics]], [[holistic medicine|holistic approaches]] to medicine, the [[biopsychosocial model]] and similar concepts. The inability of modern medicine to properly address many common complaints continues to prompt many people to seek support from [[alternative medicine]]. Although most alternative approaches lack scientific validation, some may be effective in individual cases. The bioscience and alternative health care paradigms may differ to such an extent that what constitutes scientific evidence is contested.{{fact}} Many doctors practice alternative medicine alongside "orthodox" approaches but the general body of medical practitioners is often criticised for ignoring the purported value of alternative medicine. [[Medical error]]s are also the focus of many complaints and negative coverage. Practitioners of [[human factors]] [[engineering]] believe that there is much that medicine may usefully gain by emulating concepts in [[aviation safety]], where it was long ago realized that it is dangerous to place too much responsibility on one "superhuman" individual and expect him or her not to make [[error]]s. Reporting systems and checking mechanisms are becoming more common in identifying sources of error and improving practice. Radical critics of certain medical traditions may hold that whole fields or traditions of medicine are intrinsically harmful or ineffective. They would reject any use or support of practices belonging to that tradition.{{fact}} However, generally, there is a spectrum of efficacy on which all traditions lie; some are more effective, some are less effective, but nearly all contain some harmful practices and some effective ones. Naturally, though, most individuals or groups seeking a health care practice to improve their own health would seek a tradition with the maximum degree of efficacy. There is no doubt whatsoever that Western Allopathic medicine, together with its cohorts of improved hygiene and nutrition, have been collectively responsible for most of the improvements in health worldwide over the last century or so, including: increasing longevity, decreased child mortality, increasing population numbers, better ability to monitor and halt disease spread and outbreaks, improved access to health care for all strata of society. ==See also== * [[Big killer]]s * [[Branches of medicine]] * [[Complementary and alternative medicine]] * [[Diagnosis]] * [[Health]] * [[Health care]] * [[Health profession]] * [[Health care system]] * [[Iatrogenesis]] (ill health caused by medical treatment) * [[Life extension]] * [[List of diseases]] * [[List of disorders]] * [[List of medical abbreviations]] * [[List of medical roots]] * [[List of medical schools]] * [[List of publications in medicine|Important publications in medicine]] * [[Medical equipment]] * [[Naturopathic Medicine]] * [[Pharmaceutical company]] * [[Rare disease]]s ==References== <references /> ==External links== {{Wikibookspar|Wikiversity|School of Medicine}} {{Commons|Category:Medicine}} *[http://www.healthandsciencenews.com/ HealthAndScienceNews.com] The Latest Health and Science Research *[http://www.nlm.nih.gov NLM] (US [[United States National Library of Medicine|National Library of Medicine]], contains resources for patients and health care professionals) *[http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/omd/index.html Online UK Medical Dictionary] *[http://www.emedicine.com/ eMedicine] Physician contributed medical articles and CME *[http://www.newmediamedicine.com New Media Medicine] Discussion forum for medical professionals *[http://medicine.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=index-html&issn=1549-1676 PLoS Medicine] Open-access medical journal {{चिकित्साशास्त्र}} [[Category:चिकित्साशास्त्र ]] <!-- interwiki --> [[af:Geneeskunde]] [[als:Medizin]] [[ar:طب]] [[ast:Medicina]] [[bm:Dɔkɔtɔrɔya]] [[bn:ঔষধ]] [[zh-min-nan:I-ha̍k]] [[br:Medisinerezh]] [[bg:Медицина]] [[ca:Medicina]] [[cv:Медицина]] [[cs:Lékařství]] [[da:Lægevidenskab]] [[de:Medizin]] [[et:Meditsiin]] [[el:Ιατρική]] [[es:Medicina]] [[eo:Medicino]] [[eu:Medikuntza]] [[fa:پزشکی]] [[fr:Médecine]] [[fy:Genêskunde]] [[fur:Midisine]] [[ga:Leigheas]] [[gl:Medicina]] [[ko:의학]] [[hr:Medicina]] [[io:Medicino]] [[id:Kedokteran]] [[ia:Medicina]] [[iu:ᐊᓐᓂᐊᒥ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᖅ]] [[os:Медицинæ]] [[it:Medicina]] [[he:רפואה]] [[csb:Medicëna]] [[ky:Медицина]] [[lad:Medisina]] [[la:Medicina]] [[lv:Medicīna]] [[lb:Medezin]] [[lt:Medicina]] [[li:Genaeskónde]] [[hu:Orvostudomány]] [[mk:Медицина]] [[mt:Mediċina]] [[nl:Geneeskunde]] [[ja:医学]] [[nap:Mericina]] [[no:Medisin]] [[nn:Medisin]] [[ug:دورا]] [[nds:Medizin]] [[pl:Medycyna]] [[pt:Medicina]] [[ro:Medicină]] [[ru:Медицина]] [[sq:Mjekësia]] [[scn:Midicina]] [[simple:Medicine]] [[sk:Medicína]] [[sl:Medicina]] [[sr:Медицина]] [[sh:Medicina]] [[su:Tatamba]] [[fi:Lääketiede]] [[sv:Medicin]] [[tl:Medisina]] [[th:แพทยศาสตร์]] [[vi:Y học]] [[tr:Tıp - Sağlık]] [[uk:Медицина]] [[ur:طب]] [[fiu-vro:Arstitiidüs]] [[wa:Medcene]] [[yi:מעדיצין]] [[zh:医学]] 4572 11288 2006-09-16T08:10:17Z Eukesh 157 <br clear=all /> {| style="margin:0 auto;" align=center width="80%" class="toccolours" !style="background:#ccccff"|<big>[[स्वास्थ्य विज्ञान]] – [[चिकित्साशास्त्र]]</big> |- |align=center|[[मूर्छाशास्त्र]](Anesthesiology)&nbsp;| [[चर्मशास्त्र]]&nbsp;| [[आकस्मिक चिकित्सा]]&nbsp;| [[साधारण चिकित्सक]]&nbsp;| [[आन्तरिक चिकित्सा]]&nbsp;| [[स्नायुशास्त्र]]&nbsp;| [[प्रसवशास्त्र]] व [[महिलारोग शास्त्र]]&nbsp;| [[कार्यव्याधि चिकित्सा]](Occupational Medicine)&nbsp;| [[रोगशास्त्र]]&nbsp;| [[बालरोगशास्त्र]]&nbsp;| [[भौतिक चिकित्सा र पूनर्स्थापना]]&nbsp;| [[मानसिक चिकित्सा]]&nbsp;| [[सामाजिक स्वास्थ्य]]&nbsp;| [[चिकित्सा विकिरणशास्त्र]]&nbsp;| [[शल्यचिकित्सा]] |- !style="background:#ccccff"| [[आन्तरिक चिकित्सा]] क्षेत्रा |- |align=center| [[हृदयशास्त्र]]&nbsp;| [[ग्रन्थिशास्त्र]]&nbsp;| [[ग्यास्त्रोएन्टेरोलोजी]]&nbsp;| [[रक्तशास्त्र]]&nbsp;| [[कम्युनिकेबल रोग चिकित्सा]]&nbsp;| [[ईन्टेन्सिभ केयर चिकित्सा]]&nbsp;| [[मृगौलाशास्त्र]]&nbsp;| [[ओन्कोलोजी]]&nbsp;| [[फोक्सोशास्त्र]]&nbsp;| [[रिउम्याटोलोजी]] |- !style="background:#ccccff"| [[शल्यचिकित्सा]] क्षेत्रा |- |align=center| [[हृदयछाती शल्यचिकित्सा]]&nbsp;| [[चार्मिक शल्यचिकित्सा]]&nbsp;| [[साधारण शल्यचिकित्सा]]&nbsp;| [[महिला शल्यचिकित्सा]]&nbsp;| [[स्नायुशल्यचिकित्सा]]&nbsp;| [[नेत्रशल्यचिकित्सा]]&nbsp;| [[मुख तथा अनुहार शल्यचिकित्सा]]&nbsp;| [[अंग प्रत्यारोपण]]&nbsp;| [[हाडजोर्नी शल्यचिकित्सा]]&nbsp;| [[ओटोल्यारिंजियोलोजी]]&nbsp;<small>(ENT)</small>&nbsp;| [[बाल्यशल्यचिकित्सा]]&nbsp;| [[प्लास्टिक शल्यचिकित्सा]]&nbsp;| [[क्यान्सर शल्यचिकित्सा]]&nbsp;| [[चोट शल्यचिकित्सा]]&nbsp;| [[युरोलोजी]]&nbsp;| [[धमनी शल्यचिकित्सा]] |} 4573 11299 2006-09-16T09:06:36Z Eukesh 157 :<div class="noprint">''मुख्य पृष्ठ :{{#if:{{{2|}}}|}}&#58; [[{{{1}}}|{{{l1|{{{1}}}}}}]]{{#if:{{{2| }}} |{{#if:{{{3|}}}|,&#32;|&#32;and&#32;}}[[{{{2}}}|{{{l2|{{{2}}}}}}]]}}{{#if:{{{3|}}} |{{#if:{{{4|}}}|,&#32;|,&#32;and&#32;}}[[{{{3}}}|{{{l3|{{{3}}}}}}]]}}{{#if:{{{4|}}} |{{#if:{{{5|}}}|,&#32;|,&#32;and&#32;}}[[{{{4}}}|{{{l4|{{{4}}}}}}]]}}{{#if:{{{5|}}} |, and [[{{{5}}}|{{{l5|{{{5}}}}}}]]}}''{{#if:{{{6| }}}|&#32; (too many parameters in &#123;&#123;[[Template:main|main]]&#125;&#125;)}}</div> 4574 11293 2006-09-16T08:17:18Z Eukesh 157 :<div class="noprint">''Main article{{#if:{{{2|}}}|s}}&#58; [[{{{1}}}|{{{l1|{{{1}}}}}}]]{{#if:{{{2| }}} |{{#if:{{{3|}}}|,&#32;|&#32;and&#32;}}[[{{{2}}}|{{{l2|{{{2}}}}}}]]}}{{#if:{{{3|}}} |{{#if:{{{4|}}}|,&#32;|,&#32;and&#32;}}[[{{{3}}}|{{{l3|{{{3}}}}}}]]}}{{#if:{{{4|}}} |{{#if:{{{5|}}}|,&#32;|,&#32;and&#32;}}[[{{{4}}}|{{{l4|{{{4}}}}}}]]}}{{#if:{{{5|}}} |, and [[{{{5}}}|{{{l5|{{{5}}}}}}]]}}''{{#if:{{{6| }}}|&#32; (too many parameters in &#123;&#123;[[Template:main|main]]&#125;&#125;)}}</div> 4575 11302 2006-09-16T09:31:57Z Eukesh 157 नारायणगोपाल गुरुवाचार्य नेपाली गायक व स्वर सम्राट([[नेपाल]]) अस्ति| {{नेपाल}} 4576 11305 2006-09-17T06:05:20Z Ajay.hada 199 '''मधुशाला [ MADHUSHALA ]''' -------------- मृदु भावों के अंगूरों की आज बना लाया हाला,<br/> प्रियतम, अपने ही हाथों से आज पिलाऊँगा प्याला,<br/> पहले भोग लगा लूँ तेरा फिर प्रसाद जग पाएगा,<br/> सबसे पहले तेरा स्वागत करती मेरी मधुशाला।।१। <br/> प्यास तुझे तो, विश्व तपाकर पूर्ण निकालूँगा हाला,<br/> एक पाँव से साकी बनकर नाचूँगा लेकर प्याला,<br/> जीवन की मधुता तो तेरे ऊपर कब का वार चुका,<br/> आज निछावर कर दूँगा मैं तुझ पर जग की मधुशाला।।२।<br/> प्रियतम, तू मेरी हाला है, मैं तेरा प्यासा प्याला,<br/> अपने को मुझमें भरकर तू बनता है पीनेवाला,<br/> मैं तुझको छक छलका करता, मस्त मुझे पी तू होता,<br/> एक दूसरे की हम दोनों आज परस्पर मधुशाला।।३।<br/> भावुकता अंगूर लता से खींच कल्पना की हाला,<br/> कवि साकी बनकर आया है भरकर कविता का प्याला,<br/> कभी न कण-भर खाली होगा लाख पिएँ, दो लाख पिएँ!<br/> पाठकगण हैं पीनेवाले, पुस्तक मेरी मधुशाला।।४।<br/> मधुर भावनाओं की सुमधुर नित्य बनाता हूँ हाला,<br/> भरता हूँ इस मधु से अपने अंतर का प्यासा प्याला,<br/> उठा कल्पना के हाथों से स्वयं उसे पी जाता हूँ,<br/> अपने ही में हूँ मैं साकी, पीनेवाला, मधुशाला।।५।<br/> मदिरालय जाने को घर से चलता है पीनेवला,<br/> 'किस पथ से जाऊँ?' असमंजस में है वह भोलाभाला,<br/> अलग-अलग पथ बतलाते सब पर मैं यह बतलाता हूँ -<br/> 'राह पकड़ तू एक चला चल, पा जाएगा मधुशाला।'। ६।<br/> चलने ही चलने में कितना जीवन, हाय, बिता डाला!<br/> 'दूर अभी है', पर, कहता है हर पथ बतलानेवाला,<br/> हिम्मत है न बढूँ आगे को साहस है न फिरुँ पीछे,<br/> किंकर्तव्यविमूढ़ मुझे कर दूर खड़ी है मधुशाला।।७।<br/> मुख से तू अविरत कहता जा मधु, मदिरा, मादक हाला,<br/> हाथों में अनुभव करता जा एक ललित कल्पित प्याला,<br/> ध्यान किए जा मन में सुमधुर सुखकर, सुंदर साकी का,<br/> और बढ़ा चल, पथिक, न तुझको दूर लगेगी मधुशाला।।८।<br/> मदिरा पीने की अभिलाषा ही बन जाए जब हाला,<br/> अधरों की आतुरता में ही जब आभासित हो प्याला,<br/> बने ध्यान ही करते-करते जब साकी साकार, सखे,<br/> रहे न हाला, प्याला, साकी, तुझे मिलेगी मधुशाला।।९।<br/> सुन, कलकल़ , छलछल़ मधुघट से गिरती प्यालों में हाला,<br/> सुन, रूनझुन रूनझुन चल वितरण करती मधु साकीबाला,<br/> बस आ पहुंचे, दुर नहीं कुछ, चार कदम अब चलना है,<br/> चहक रहे, सुन, पीनेवाले, महक रही, ले, मधुशाला।।१०।<br/> जलतरंग बजता, जब चुंबन करता प्याले को प्याला,<br/> वीणा झंकृत होती, चलती जब रूनझुन साकीबाला,<br/> डाँट डपट मधुविक्रेता की ध्वनित पखावज करती है,<br/> मधुरव से मधु की मादकता और बढ़ाती मधुशाला।।११।<br/> मेंहदी रंजित मृदुल हथेली पर माणिक मधु का प्याला,<br/> अंगूरी अवगुंठन डाले स्वर्ण वर्ण साकीबाला,<br/> पाग बैंजनी, जामा नीला डाट डटे पीनेवाले,<br/> इन्द्रधनुष से होड़ लगाती आज रंगीली मधुशाला।।१२।<br/> हाथों में आने से पहले नाज़ दिखाएगा प्याला,<br/> अधरों पर आने से पहले अदा दिखाएगी हाला,<br/> बहुतेरे इनकार करेगा साकी आने से पहले,<br/> पथिक, न घबरा जाना, पहले मान करेगी मधुशाला।।१३।<br/> लाल सुरा की धार लपट सी कह न इसे देना ज्वाला,<br/> फेनिल मदिरा है, मत इसको कह देना उर का छाला,<br/> दर्द नशा है इस मदिरा का विगत स्मृतियाँ साकी हैं,<br/> पीड़ा में आनंद जिसे हो, आए मेरी मधुशाला।।१४।<br/> जगती की शीतल हाला सी पथिक, नहीं मेरी हाला,<br/> जगती के ठंडे प्याले सा पथिक, नहीं मेरा प्याला,<br/> ज्वाल सुरा जलते प्याले में दग्ध हृदय की कविता है,<br/> जलने से भयभीत न जो हो, आए मेरी मधुशाला।।१५।<br/> बहती हाला देखी, देखो लपट उठाती अब हाला,<br/> देखो प्याला अब छूते ही होंठ जला देनेवाला,<br/> 'होंठ नहीं, सब देह दहे, पर पीने को दो बूंद मिले'<br/> ऐसे मधु के दीवानों को आज बुलाती मधुशाला।।१६।<br/> धर्मग्रन्थ सब जला चुकी है, जिसके अंतर की ज्वाला,<br/> मंदिर, मसजिद, गिरिजे, सब को तोड़ चुका जो मतवाला,<br/> पंडित, मोमिन, पादिरयों के फंदों को जो काट चुका,<br/> कर सकती है आज उसी का स्वागत मेरी मधुशाला।।१७।<br/> लालायित अधरों से जिसने, हाय, नहीं चूमी हाला,<br/> हर्ष-विकंपित कर से जिसने, हा, न छुआ मधु का प्याला,<br/> हाथ पकड़ लज्जित साकी को पास नहीं जिसने खींचा,<br/> व्यर्थ सुखा डाली जीवन की उसने मधुमय मधुशाला।।१८।<br/> बने पुजारी प्रेमी साकी, गंगाजल पावन हाला,<br/> रहे फेरता अविरत गति से मधु के प्यालों की माला'<br/> 'और लिये जा, और पीये जा', इसी मंत्र का जाप करे'<br/> मैं शिव की प्रतिमा बन बैठूं, मंदिर हो यह मधुशाला।।१९।<br/> बजी न मंदिर में घड़ियाली, चढ़ी न प्रतिमा पर माला,<br/> बैठा अपने भवन मुअज्ज़िन देकर मस्जिद में ताला,<br/> लुटे ख़जाने नरपितयों के गिरीं गढ़ों की दीवारें,<br/> रहें मुबारक पीनेवाले, खुली रहे यह मधुशाला।।२०।<br/> बड़े बड़े पिरवार मिटें यों, एक न हो रोनेवाला,<br/> हो जाएँ सुनसान महल वे, जहाँ थिरकतीं सुरबाला,<br/> राज्य उलट जाएँ, भूपों की भाग्य सुलक्ष्मी सो जाए,<br/> जमे रहेंगे पीनेवाले, जगा करेगी मधुशाला।।२१।<br/> सब मिट जाएँ, बना रहेगा सुन्दर साकी, यम काला,<br/> सूखें सब रस, बने रहेंगे, किन्तु, हलाहल औ' हाला,<br/> धूमधाम औ' चहल पहल के स्थान सभी सुनसान बनें,<br/> झगा करेगा अविरत मरघट, जगा करेगी मधुशाला।।२२।<br/> भुरा सदा कहलायेगा जग में बाँका, मदचंचल प्याला,<br/> छैल छबीला, रसिया साकी, अलबेला पीनेवाला,<br/> पटे कहाँ से, मधु औ' जग की जोड़ी ठीक नहीं,<br/> जग जर्जर प्रतिदन, प्रतिक्षण, पर नित्य नवेली मधुशाला।।२३।<br/> बिना पिये जो मधुशाला को बुरा कहे, वह मतवाला,<br/> पी लेने पर तो उसके मुह पर पड़ जाएगा ताला,<br/> दास द्रोहियों दोनों में है जीत सुरा की, प्याले की,<br/> विश्वविजयिनी बनकर जग में आई मेरी मधुशाला।।२४।<br/> हरा भरा रहता मदिरालय, जग पर पड़ जाए पाला,<br/> वहाँ मुहर्रम का तम छाए, यहाँ होलिका की ज्वाला,<br/> स्वर्ग लोक से सीधी उतरी वसुधा पर, दुख क्या जाने,<br/> पढ़े मर्सिया दुनिया सारी, ईद मनाती मधुशाला।।२५।<br/> एक बरस में, एक बार ही जगती होली की ज्वाला,<br/> एक बार ही लगती बाज़ी, जलती दीपों की माला,<br/> दुनियावालों, किन्तु, किसी दिन आ मदिरालय में देखो,<br/> दिन को होली, रात दिवाली, रोज़ मनाती मधुशाला।।२६।<br/> नहीं जानता कौन, मनुज आया बनकर पीनेवाला,<br/> कौन अपिरिचत उस साकी से, जिसने दूध पिला पाला,<br/> जीवन पाकर मानव पीकर मस्त रहे, इस कारण ही,<br/> जग में आकर सबसे पहले पाई उसने मधुशाला।।२७।<br/> बनी रहें अंगूर लताएँ जिनसे मिलती है हाला,<br/> बनी रहे वह मिटटी जिससे बनता है मधु का प्याला,<br/> बनी रहे वह मदिर पिपासा तृप्त न जो होना जाने,<br/> बनें रहें ये पीने वाले, बनी रहे यह मधुशाला।।२८।<br/> सकुशल समझो मुझको, सकुशल रहती यदि साकीबाला,<br/> मंगल और अमंगल समझे मस्ती में क्या मतवाला,<br/> मित्रों, मेरी क्षेम न पूछो आकर, पर मधुशाला की,<br/> कहा करो 'जय राम' न मिलकर, कहा करो 'जय मधुशाला'।।२९।<br/> सूर्य बने मधु का विक्रेता, सिंधु बने घट, जल, हाला,<br/> बादल बन-बन आए साकी, भूमि बने मधु का प्याला,<br/> झड़ी लगाकर बरसे मदिरा रिमझिम, रिमझिम, रिमझिम कर,<br/> बेलि, विटप, तृण बन मैं पीऊँ, वर्षा ऋतु हो मधुशाला।।३०।<br/> तारक मणियों से सज्जित नभ बन जाए मधु का प्याला,<br/> सीधा करके भर दी जाए उसमें सागरजल हाला,<br/> मज्ञल्तऌा समीरण साकी बनकर अधरों पर छलका जाए,<br/> फैले हों जो सागर तट से विश्व बने यह मधुशाला।।३१।<br/> अधरों पर हो कोई भी रस जिहवा पर लगती हाला,<br/> भाजन हो कोई हाथों में लगता रक्खा है प्याला,<br/> हर सूरत साकी की सूरत में परिवर्तित हो जाती,<br/> आँखों के आगे हो कुछ भी, आँखों में है मधुशाला।।३२।<br/> पौधे आज बने हैं साकी ले ले फूलों का प्याला,<br/> भरी हुई है जिसके अंदर पिरमल-मधु-सुरिभत हाला,<br/> माँग माँगकर भ्रमरों के दल रस की मदिरा पीते हैं,<br/> झूम झपक मद-झंपित होते, उपवन क्या है मधुशाला!।३३।<br/> प्रति रसाल तरू साकी सा है, प्रति मंजरिका है प्याला,<br/> छलक रही है जिसके बाहर मादक सौरभ की हाला,<br/> छक जिसको मतवाली कोयल कूक रही डाली डाली<br/> हर मधुऋतु में अमराई में जग उठती है मधुशाला।।३४।<br/> मंद झकोरों के प्यालों में मधुऋतु सौरभ की हाला<br/> भर भरकर है अनिल पिलाता बनकर मधु-मद-मतवाला,<br/> हरे हरे नव पल्लव, तरूगण, नूतन डालें, वल्लरियाँ,<br/> छक छक, झुक झुक झूम रही हैं, मधुबन में है मधुशाला।।३५।<br/> साकी बन आती है प्रातः जब अरुणा ऊषा बाला,<br/> तारक-मणि-मंडित चादर दे मोल धरा लेती हाला,<br/> अगणित कर-किरणों से जिसको पी, खग पागल हो गाते,<br/> प्रति प्रभात में पूर्ण प्रकृति में मुखिरत होती मधुशाला।।३६।<br/> उतर नशा जब उसका जाता, आती है संध्या बाला,<br/> बड़ी पुरानी, बड़ी नशीली नित्य ढला जाती हाला,<br/> जीवन के संताप शोक सब इसको पीकर मिट जाते<br/> सुरा-सुप्त होते मद-लोभी जागृत रहती मधुशाला।।३७।<br/> अंधकार है मधुविक्रेता, सुन्दर साकी शशिबाला<br/> किरण किरण में जो छलकाती जाम जुम्हाई का हाला,<br/> पीकर जिसको चेतनता खो लेने लगते हैं झपकी<br/> तारकदल से पीनेवाले, रात नहीं है, मधुशाला।।३८।<br/> किसी ओर मैं आँखें फेरूँ, दिखलाई देती हाला<br/> किसी ओर मैं आँखें फेरूँ, दिखलाई देता प्याला,<br/> किसी ओर मैं देखूं, मुझको दिखलाई देता साकी<br/> किसी ओर देखूं, दिखलाई पड़ती मुझको मधुशाला।।३९।<br/> साकी बन मुरली आई साथ लिए कर में प्याला,<br/> जिनमें वह छलकाती लाई अधर-सुधा-रस की हाला,<br/> योगिराज कर संगत उसकी नटवर नागर कहलाए,<br/> देखो कैसों-कैसों को है नाच नचाती मधुशाला।।४०।<br/> वादक बन मधु का विक्रेता लाया सुर-सुमधुर-हाला,<br/> रागिनियाँ बन साकी आई भरकर तारों का प्याला,<br/> विक्रेता के संकेतों पर दौड़ लयों, आलापों में,<br/> पान कराती श्रोतागण को, झंकृत वीणा मधुशाला।।४१।<br/> चित्रकार बन साकी आता लेकर तूली का प्याला,<br/> जिसमें भरकर पान कराता वह बहु रस-रंगी हाला,<br/> मन के चित्र जिसे पी-पीकर रंग-बिरंगे हो जाते,<br/> चित्रपटी पर नाच रही है एक मनोहर मधुशाला।।४२।<br/> घन श्यामल अंगूर लता से खिंच खिंच यह आती हाला,<br/> अरूण-कमल-कोमल कलियों की प्याली, फूलों का प्याला,<br/> लोल हिलोरें साकी बन बन माणिक मधु से भर जातीं,<br/> हंस मज्ञल्तऌा होते पी पीकर मानसरोवर मधुशाला।।४३।<br/> हिम श्रेणी अंगूर लता-सी फैली, हिम जल है हाला,<br/> चंचल नदियाँ साकी बनकर, भरकर लहरों का प्याला,<br/> कोमल कूर-करों में अपने छलकाती निशिदिन चलतीं,<br/> पीकर खेत खड़े लहराते, भारत पावन मधुशाला।।४४।<br/> धीर सुतों के हृदय रक्त की आज बना रक्तिम हाला,<br/> वीर सुतों के वर शीशों का हाथों में लेकर प्याला,<br/> अति उदार दानी साकी है आज बनी भारतमाता,<br/> स्वतंत्रता है तृषित कालिका बलिवेदी है मधुशाला।।४५।<br/> दुतकारा मस्जिद ने मुझको कहकर है पीनेवाला,<br/> ठुकराया ठाकुरद्वारे ने देख हथेली पर प्याला,<br/> कहाँ ठिकाना मिलता जग में भला अभागे काफिर को?<br/> शरणस्थल बनकर न मुझे यदि अपना लेती मधुशाला।।४६।<br/> पथिक बना मैं घूम रहा हूँ, सभी जगह मिलती हाला,<br/> सभी जगह मिल जाता साकी, सभी जगह मिलता प्याला,<br/> मुझे ठहरने का, हे मित्रों, कष्ट नहीं कुछ भी होता,<br/> मिले न मंदिर, मिले न मस्जिद, मिल जाती है मधुशाला।।४७।<br/> सजें न मस्जिद और नमाज़ी कहता है अल्लाताला,<br/> सजधजकर, पर, साकी आता, बन ठनकर, पीनेवाला,<br/> शेख, कहाँ तुलना हो सकती मस्जिद की मदिरालय से<br/> चिर विधवा है मस्जिद तेरी, सदा सुहागिन मधुशाला।।४८।<br/> बजी नफ़ीरी और नमाज़ी भूल गया अल्लाताला,<br/> गाज गिरी, पर ध्यान सुरा में मग्न रहा पीनेवाला,<br/> शेख, बुरा मत मानो इसको, साफ़ कहूँ तो मस्जिद को<br/> अभी युगों तक सिखलाएगी ध्यान लगाना मधुशाला!।४९।<br/> मुसलमान औ' हिन्दू है दो, एक, मगर, उनका प्याला,<br/> एक, मगर, उनका मदिरालय, एक, मगर, उनकी हाला,<br/> दोनों रहते एक न जब तक मस्जिद मन्दिर में जाते,<br/> बैर बढ़ाते मस्जिद मन्दिर मेल कराती मधुशाला!।५०।<br/> कोई भी हो शेख नमाज़ी या पंडित जपता माला,<br/> बैर भाव चाहे जितना हो मदिरा से रखनेवाला,<br/> एक बार बस मधुशाला के आगे से होकर निकले,<br/> देखूँ कैसे थाम न लेती दामन उसका मधुशाला!।५१।<br/> और रसों में स्वाद तभी तक, दूर जभी तक है हाला,<br/> इतरा लें सब पात्र न जब तक, आगे आता है प्याला,<br/> कर लें पूजा शेख, पुजारी तब तक मस्जिद मन्दिर में<br/> घूँघट का पट खोल न जब तक झाँक रही है मधुशाला।।५२।<br/> आज करे परहेज़ जगत, पर, कल पीनी होगी हाला,<br/> आज करे इन्कार जगत पर कल पीना होगा प्याला,<br/> होने दो पैदा मद का महमूद जगत में कोई, फिर<br/> जहाँ अभी हैं मन्िदर मस्जिद वहाँ बनेगी मधुशाला।।५३।<br/> यज्ञ अग्नि सी धधक रही है मधु की भटठी की ज्वाला,<br/> ऋषि सा ध्यान लगा बैठा है हर मदिरा पीने वाला,<br/> मुनि कन्याओं सी मधुघट ले फिरतीं साकीबालाएँ,<br/> किसी तपोवन से क्या कम है मेरी पावन मधुशाला।।५४।<br/> सोम सुरा पुरखे पीते थे, हम कहते उसको हाला,<br/> द्रोणकलश जिसको कहते थे, आज वही मधुघट आला,<br/> वेदिवहित यह रस्म न छोड़ो वेदों के ठेकेदारों,<br/> युग युग से है पुजती आई नई नहीं है मधुशाला।।५५।<br/> वही वारूणी जो थी सागर मथकर निकली अब हाला,<br/> रंभा की संतान जगत में कहलाती 'साकीबाला',<br/> देव अदेव जिसे ले आए, संत महंत मिटा देंगे!<br/> किसमें कितना दम खम, इसको खूब समझती मधुशाला।।५६।<br/> कभी न सुन पड़ता, 'इसने, हा, छू दी मेरी हाला',<br/> कभी न कोई कहता, 'उसने जूठा कर डाला प्याला',<br/> सभी जाति के लोग यहाँ पर साथ बैठकर पीते हैं,<br/> सौ सुधारकों का करती है काम अकेले मधुशाला।।५७।<br/> श्रम, संकट, संताप, सभी तुम भूला करते पी हाला,<br/> सबक बड़ा तुम सीख चुके यदि सीखा रहना मतवाला,<br/> व्यर्थ बने जाते हो हिरजन, तुम तो मधुजन ही अच्छे,<br/> ठुकराते हिर मंिदरवाले, पलक बिछाती मधुशाला।।५८।<br/> एक तरह से सबका स्वागत करती है साकीबाला,<br/> अज्ञ विज्ञ में है क्या अंतर हो जाने पर मतवाला,<br/> रंक राव में भेद हुआ है कभी नहीं मदिरालय में,<br/> साम्यवाद की प्रथम प्रचारक है यह मेरी मधुशाला।।५९।<br/> बार बार मैंने आगे बढ़ आज नहीं माँगी हाला,<br/> समझ न लेना इससे मुझको साधारण पीने वाला,<br/> हो तो लेने दो ऐ साकी दूर प्रथम संकोचों को,<br/> मेरे ही स्वर से फिर सारी गूँज उठेगी मधुशाला।।६०।<br/> कल? कल पर विश्वास किया कब करता है पीनेवाला<br/> हो सकते कल कर जड़ जिनसे फिर फिर आज उठा प्याला,<br/> आज हाथ में था, वह खोया, कल का कौन भरोसा है,<br/> कल की हो न मुझे मधुशाला काल कुटिल की मधुशाला।।६१।<br/> आज मिला अवसर, तब फिर क्यों मैं न छकूँ जी-भर हाला<br/> आज मिला मौका, तब फिर क्यों ढाल न लूँ जी-भर प्याला,<br/> छेड़छाड़ अपने साकी से आज न क्यों जी-भर कर लूँ,<br/> एक बार ही तो मिलनी है जीवन की यह मधुशाला।।६२।<br/> आज सजीव बना लो, प्रेयसी, अपने अधरों का प्याला,<br/> भर लो, भर लो, भर लो इसमें, यौवन मधुरस की हाला,<br/> और लगा मेरे होठों से भूल हटाना तुम जाओ,<br/> अथक बनू मैं पीनेवाला, खुले प्रणय की मधुशाला।।६३।<br/> सुमुखी तुम्हारा, सुन्दर मुख ही, मुझको कन्चन का प्याला<br/> छलक रही है जिसमंे माणिक रूप मधुर मादक हाला,<br/> मैं ही साकी बनता, मैं ही पीने वाला बनता हूँ<br/> जहाँ कहीं मिल बैठे हम तुम़ वहीं गयी हो मधुशाला।।६४।<br/> दो दिन ही मधु मुझे पिलाकर ऊब उठी साकीबाला,<br/> भरकर अब खिसका देती है वह मेरे आगे प्याला,<br/> नाज़, अदा, अंदाजों से अब, हाय पिलाना दूर हुआ,<br/> अब तो कर देती है केवल फ़र्ज़ -अदाई मधुशाला।।६५।<br/> छोटे-से जीवन में कितना प्यार करुँ, पी लूँ हाला,<br/> आने के ही साथ जगत में कहलाया 'जानेवाला',<br/> स्वागत के ही साथ विदा की होती देखी तैयारी,<br/> बंद लगी होने खुलते ही मेरी जीवन-मधुशाला।।६६।<br/> क्या पीना, निर्द्वन्द न जब तक ढाला प्यालों पर प्याला,<br/> क्या जीना, निरंिचत न जब तक साथ रहे साकीबाला,<br/> खोने का भय, हाय, लगा है पाने के सुख के पीछे,<br/> मिलने का आनंद न देती मिलकर के भी मधुशाला।।६७।<br/> मुझे पिलाने को लाए हो इतनी थोड़ी-सी हाला! <br/> मुझे दिखाने को लाए हो एक यही छिछला प्याला!<br/> इतनी पी जीने से अच्छा सागर की ले प्यास मरुँ,<br/> सिंधँु-तृषा दी किसने रचकर बिंदु-बराबर मधुशाला।।६८।<br/> क्या कहता है, रह न गई अब तेरे भाजन में हाला,<br/> क्या कहता है, अब न चलेगी मादक प्यालों की माला,<br/> थोड़ी पीकर प्यास बढ़ी तो शेष नहीं कुछ पीने को,<br/> प्यास बुझाने को बुलवाकर प्यास बढ़ाती मधुशाला।।६९।<br/> लिखी भाग्य में जितनी बस उतनी ही पाएगा हाला,<br/> लिखा भाग्य में जैसा बस वैसा ही पाएगा प्याला,<br/> लाख पटक तू हाथ पाँव, पर इससे कब कुछ होने का,<br/> लिखी भाग्य में जो तेरे बस वही मिलेगी मधुशाला।।७०।<br/> कर ले, कर ले कंजूसी तू मुझको देने में हाला,<br/> दे ले, दे ले तू मुझको बस यह टूटा फूटा प्याला,<br/> मैं तो सब्र इसी पर करता, तू पीछे पछताएगी,<br/> जब न रहूँगा मैं, तब मेरी याद करेगी मधुशाला।।७१।<br/> ध्यान मान का, अपमानों का छोड़ दिया जब पी हाला,<br/> गौरव भूला, आया कर में जब से मिट्टी का प्याला,<br/> साकी की अंदाज़ भरी झिड़की में क्या अपमान धरा,<br/> दुनिया भर की ठोकर खाकर पाई मैंने मधुशाला।।७२।<br/> क्षीण, क्षुद्र, क्षणभंगुर, दुर्बल मानव मिटटी का प्याला,<br/> भरी हुई है जिसके अंदर कटु-मधु जीवन की हाला,<br/> मृत्यु बनी है निर्दय साकी अपने शत-शत कर फैला,<br/> काल प्रबल है पीनेवाला, संसृति है यह मधुशाला।।७३।<br/> प्याले सा गढ़ हमें किसी ने भर दी जीवन की हाला,<br/> नशा न भाया, ढाला हमने ले लेकर मधु का प्याला,<br/> जब जीवन का दर्द उभरता उसे दबाते प्याले से,<br/> जगती के पहले साकी से जूझ रही है मधुशाला।।७४।<br/> अपने अंगूरों से तन में हमने भर ली है हाला,<br/> क्या कहते हो, शेख, नरक में हमें तपाएगी ज्वाला,<br/> तब तो मदिरा खूब खिंचेगी और पिएगा भी कोई,<br/> हमें नमक की ज्वाला में भी दीख पड़ेगी मधुशाला।।७५।<br/> यम आएगा लेने जब, तब खूब चलूँगा पी हाला,<br/> पीड़ा, संकट, कष्ट नरक के क्या समझेगा मतवाला,<br/> क्रूर, कठोर, कुटिल, कुविचारी, अन्यायी यमराजों के<br/> डंडों की जब मार पड़ेगी, आड़ करेगी मधुशाला।।७६।<br/> यदि इन अधरों से दो बातें प्रेम भरी करती हाला,<br/> यदि इन खाली हाथों का जी पल भर बहलाता प्याला,<br/> हानि बता, जग, तेरी क्या है, व्यर्थ मुझे बदनाम न कर,<br/> मेरे टूटे दिल का है बस एक खिलौना मधुशाला।।७७।<br/> याद न आए दूखमय जीवन इससे पी लेता हाला,<br/> जग चिंताओं से रहने को मुक्त, उठा लेता प्याला,<br/> शौक, साध के और स्वाद के हेतु पिया जग करता है,<br/> पर मै वह रोगी हूँ जिसकी एक दवा है मधुशाला।।७८।<br/> गिरती जाती है दिन प्रतिदन प्रणयनी प्राणों की हाला<br/> भग्न हुआ जाता दिन प्रतिदन सुभगे मेरा तन प्याला,<br/> रूठ रहा है मुझसे रूपसी, दिन दिन यौवन का साकी<br/> सूख रही है दिन दिन सुन्दरी, मेरी जीवन मधुशाला।।७९।<br/> यम आयेगा साकी बनकर साथ लिए काली हाला,<br/> पी न होश में फिर आएगा सुरा-विसुध यह मतवाला,<br/> यह अंितम बेहोशी, अंतिम साकी, अंतिम प्याला है,<br/> पथिक, प्यार से पीना इसको फिर न मिलेगी मधुशाला।८०।<br/> ढलक रही है तन के घट से, संगिनी जब जीवन हाला<br/> पत्र गरल का ले जब अंतिम साकी है आनेवाला,<br/> हाथ स्पर्श भूले प्याले का, स्वाद सुरा जीव्हा भूले<br/> कानो में तुम कहती रहना, मधु का प्याला मधुशाला।।८१।<br/> मेरे अधरों पर हो अंितम वस्तु न तुलसीदल प्याला<br/> मेरी जीव्हा पर हो अंतिम वस्तु न गंगाजल हाला,<br/> मेरे शव के पीछे चलने वालों याद इसे रखना<br/> राम नाम है सत्य न कहना, कहना सच्ची मधुशाला।।८२।<br/> मेरे शव पर वह रोये, हो जिसके आंसू में हाला<br/> आह भरे वो, जो हो सुरिभत मदिरा पी कर मतवाला,<br/> दे मुझको वो कान्धा जिनके पग मद डगमग होते हों<br/> और जलूं उस ठौर जहां पर कभी रही हो मधुशाला।।८३।<br/> और चिता पर जाये उंढेला पत्र न घ्रित का, पर प्याला<br/> कंठ बंधे अंगूर लता में मध्य न जल हो, पर हाला,<br/> प्राण प्रिये यदि श्राध करो तुम मेरा तो ऐसे करना<br/> पीने वालांे को बुलवा कऱ खुलवा देना मधुशाला।।८४।<br/> नाम अगर कोई पूछे तो, कहना बस पीनेवाला<br/> काम ढालना, और ढालना सबको मदिरा का प्याला,<br/> जाति प्रिये, पूछे यदि कोई कह देना दीवानों की <br/> धर्म बताना प्यालों की ले माला जपना मधुशाला।।८५।<br/> ज्ञात हुआ यम आने को है ले अपनी काली हाला,<br/> पंिडत अपनी पोथी भूला, साधू भूल गया माला,<br/> और पुजारी भूला पूजा, ज्ञान सभी ज्ञानी भूला,<br/> किन्तु न भूला मरकर के भी पीनेवाला मधुशाला।।८६।<br/> यम ले चलता है मुझको तो, चलने दे लेकर हाला,<br/> चलने दे साकी को मेरे साथ लिए कर में प्याला,<br/> स्वर्ग, नरक या जहाँ कहीं भी तेरा जी हो लेकर चल,<br/> ठौर सभी हैं एक तरह के साथ रहे यदि मधुशाला।।८७।<br/> पाप अगर पीना, समदोषी तो तीनों - साकी बाला,<br/> नित्य पिलानेवाला प्याला, पी जानेवाली हाला,<br/> साथ इन्हें भी ले चल मेरे न्याय यही बतलाता है,<br/> कैद जहाँ मैं हूँ, की जाए कैद वहीं पर मधुशाला।।८८।<br/> शांत सकी हो अब तक, साकी, पीकर किस उर की ज्वाला,<br/> 'और, और' की रटन लगाता जाता हर पीनेवाला,<br/> कितनी इच्छाएँ हर जानेवाला छोड़ यहाँ जाता!<br/> कितने अरमानों की बनकर कब्र खड़ी है मधुशाला।।८९।<br/> जो हाला मैं चाह रहा था, वह न मिली मुझको हाला,<br/> जो प्याला मैं माँग रहा था, वह न मिला मुझको प्याला,<br/> जिस साकी के पीछे मैं था दीवाना, न मिला साकी,<br/> जिसके पीछे था मैं पागल, हा न मिली वह मधुशाला!।९०।<br/> देख रहा हूँ अपने आगे कब से माणिक-सी हाला,<br/> देख रहा हूँ अपने आगे कब से कंचन का प्याला,<br/> 'बस अब पाया!'- कह-कह कब से दौड़ रहा इसके पीछे,<br/> किंतु रही है दूर क्षितिज-सी मुझसे मेरी मधुशाला।।९१।<br/> कभी निराशा का तम घिरता, छिप जाता मधु का प्याला,<br/> छिप जाती मदिरा की आभा, छिप जाती साकीबाला,<br/> कभी उजाला आशा करके प्याला फिर चमका जाती,<br/> आँखिमचौली खेल रही है मुझसे मेरी मधुशाला।।९२।<br/> 'आ आगे' कहकर कर पीछे कर लेती साकीबाला,<br/> होंठ लगाने को कहकर हर बार हटा लेती प्याला,<br/> नहीं मुझे मालूम कहाँ तक यह मुझको ले जाएगी,<br/> बढ़ा बढ़ाकर मुझको आगे, पीछे हटती मधुशाला।।९३।<br/> हाथों में आने-आने में, हाय, फिसल जाता प्याला,<br/> अधरों पर आने-आने में हाय, ढुलक जाती हाला,<br/> दुनियावालो, आकर मेरी किस्मत की ख़ूबी देखो,<br/> रह-रह जाती है बस मुझको मिलते-िमलते मधुशाला।।९४।<br/> प्राप्य नही है तो, हो जाती लुप्त नहीं फिर क्यों हाला,<br/> प्राप्य नही है तो, हो जाता लुप्त नहीं फिर क्यों प्याला,<br/> दूर न इतनी हिम्मत हारुँ, पास न इतनी पा जाऊँ,<br/> व्यर्थ मुझे दौड़ाती मरु में मृगजल बनकर मधुशाला।।९५।<br/> मिले न, पर, ललचा ललचा क्यों आकुल करती है हाला,<br/> मिले न, पर, तरसा तरसाकर क्यों तड़पाता है प्याला,<br/> हाय, नियति की विषम लेखनी मस्तक पर यह खोद गई<br/> 'दूर रहेगी मधु की धारा, पास रहेगी मधुशाला!'।९६।<br/> मदिरालय में कब से बैठा, पी न सका अब तक हाला,<br/> यत्न सहित भरता हूँ, कोई किंतु उलट देता प्याला,<br/> मानव-बल के आगे निर्बल भाग्य, सुना विद्यालय में,<br/> 'भाग्य प्रबल, मानव निर्बल' का पाठ पढ़ाती मधुशाला।।९७।<br/> किस्मत में था खाली खप्पर, खोज रहा था मैं प्याला,<br/> ढूँढ़ रहा था मैं मृगनयनी, किस्मत में थी मृगछाला,<br/> किसने अपना भाग्य समझने में मुझसा धोखा खाया,<br/> किस्मत में था अवघट मरघट, ढूँढ़ रहा था मधुशाला।।९८।<br/> उस प्याले से प्यार मुझे जो दूर हथेली से प्याला,<br/> उस हाला से चाव मुझे जो दूर अधर से है हाला,<br/> प्यार नहीं पा जाने में है, पाने के अरमानों में!<br/> पा जाता तब, हाय, न इतनी प्यारी लगती मधुशाला।।९९।<br/> साकी के पास है तिनक सी श्री, सुख, संपित की हाला,<br/> सब जग है पीने को आतुर ले ले किस्मत का प्याला,<br/> रेल ठेल कुछ आगे बढ़ते, बहुतेरे दबकर मरते,<br/> जीवन का संघर्ष नहीं है, भीड़ भरी है मधुशाला।।१००।<br/> साकी, जब है पास तुम्हारे इतनी थोड़ी सी हाला,<br/> क्यों पीने की अभिलषा से, करते सबको मतवाला,<br/> हम पिस पिसकर मरते हैं, तुम छिप छिपकर मुसकाते हो,<br/> हाय, हमारी पीड़ा से है क्रीड़ा करती मधुशाला।।१०१।<br/> साकी, मर खपकर यदि कोई आगे कर पाया प्याला,<br/> पी पाया केवल दो बूंदों से न अधिक तेरी हाला,<br/> जीवन भर का, हाय, पिरश्रम लूट लिया दो बूंदों ने,<br/> भोले मानव को ठगने के हेतु बनी है मधुशाला।।१०२।<br/> जिसने मुझको प्यासा रक्खा बनी रहे वह भी हाला,<br/> जिसने जीवन भर दौड़ाया बना रहे वह भी प्याला,<br/> मतवालों की जिहवा से हैं कभी निकलते शाप नहीं,<br/> दुखी बनाय जिसने मुझको सुखी रहे वह मधुशाला!।१०३।<br/> नहीं चाहता, आगे बढ़कर छीनूँ औरों की हाला,<br/> नहीं चाहता, धक्के देकर, छीनूँ औरों का प्याला,<br/> साकी, मेरी ओर न देखो मुझको तिनक मलाल नहीं,<br/> इतना ही क्या कम आँखों से देख रहा हूँ मधुशाला।।१०४।<br/> मद, मदिरा, मधु, हाला सुन-सुन कर ही जब हूँ मतवाला,<br/> क्या गति होगी अधरों के जब नीचे आएगा प्याला,<br/> साकी, मेरे पास न आना मैं पागल हो जाऊँगा,<br/> प्यासा ही मैं मस्त, मुबारक हो तुमको ही मधुशाला।।१०५।<br/> क्या मुझको आवश्यकता है साकी से माँगूँ हाला,<br/> क्या मुझको आवश्यकता है साकी से चाहूँ प्याला,<br/> पीकर मदिरा मस्त हुआ तो प्यार किया क्या मदिरा से!<br/> मैं तो पागल हो उठता हूँ सुन लेता यदि मधुशाला।।१०६।<br/> देने को जो मुझे कहा था दे न सकी मुझको हाला,<br/> देने को जो मुझे कहा था दे न सका मुझको प्याला,<br/> समझ मनुज की दुर्बलता मैं कहा नहीं कुछ भी करता,<br/> किन्तु स्वयं ही देख मुझे अब शरमा जाती मधुशाला।।१०७।<br/> एक समय संतुष्ट बहुत था पा मैं थोड़ी-सी हाला,<br/> भोला-सा था मेरा साकी, छोटा-सा मेरा प्याला,<br/> छोटे-से इस जग की मेरे स्वर्ग बलाएँ लेता था,<br/> विस्तृत जग में, हाय, गई खो मेरी नन्ही मधुशाला!।१०८।<br/> बहुतेरे मदिरालय देखे, बहुतेरी देखी हाला,<br/> भाँित भाँित का आया मेरे हाथों में मधु का प्याला,<br/> एक एक से बढ़कर, सुन्दर साकी ने सत्कार किया,<br/> जँची न आँखों में, पर, कोई पहली जैसी मधुशाला।।१०९।<br/> एक समय छलका करती थी मेरे अधरों पर हाला,<br/> एक समय झूमा करता था मेरे हाथों पर प्याला,<br/> एक समय पीनेवाले, साकी आलिंगन करते थे,<br/> आज बनी हूँ निर्जन मरघट, एक समय थी मधुशाला।।११०।<br/> जला हृदय की भट्टी खींची मैंने आँसू की हाला,<br/> छलछल छलका करता इससे पल पल पलकों का प्याला,<br/> आँखें आज बनी हैं साकी, गाल गुलाबी पी होते,<br/> कहो न विरही मुझको, मैं हूँ चलती फिरती मधुशाला!।१११।<br/> कितनी जल्दी रंग बदलती है अपना चंचल हाला,<br/> कितनी जल्दी घिसने लगता हाथों में आकर प्याला,<br/> कितनी जल्दी साकी का आकर्षण घटने लगता है,<br/> प्रात नहीं थी वैसी, जैसी रात लगी थी मधुशाला।।११२।<br/> बूँद बूँद के हेतु कभी तुझको तरसाएगी हाला,<br/> कभी हाथ से छिन जाएगा तेरा यह मादक प्याला,<br/> पीनेवाले, साकी की मीठी बातों में मत आना,<br/> मेरे भी गुण यों ही गाती एक दिवस थी मधुशाला।।११३।<br/> छोड़ा मैंने पथ मतों को तब कहलाया मतवाला,<br/> चली सुरा मेरा पग धोने तोड़ा जब मैंने प्याला,<br/> अब मानी मधुशाला मेरे पीछे पीछे फिरती है,<br/> क्या कारण? अब छोड़ दिया है मैंने जाना मधुशाला।।११४।<br/> यह न समझना, पिया हलाहल मैंने, जब न मिली हाला,<br/> तब मैंने खप्पर अपनाया ले सकता था जब प्याला,<br/> जले हृदय को और जलाना सूझा, मैंने मरघट को<br/> अपनाया जब इन चरणों में लोट रही थी मधुशाला।।११५।<br/> कितनी आई और गई पी इस मदिरालय में हाला,<br/> टूट चुकी अब तक कितने ही मादक प्यालों की माला,<br/> कितने साकी अपना अपना काम खतम कर दूर गए,<br/> कितने पीनेवाले आए, किन्तु वही है मधुशाला।।११६।<br/> कितने होठों को रक्खेगी याद भला मादक हाला,<br/> कितने हाथों को रक्खेगा याद भला पागल प्याला,<br/> कितनी शक्लों को रक्खेगा याद भला भोला साकी,<br/> कितने पीनेवालों में है एक अकेली मधुशाला।।११७।<br/> दर दर घूम रहा था जब मैं चिल्लाता - हाला! हाला!<br/> मुझे न मिलता था मदिरालय, मुझे न मिलता था प्याला,<br/> मिलन हुआ, पर नहीं मिलनसुख लिखा हुआ था किस्मत में,<br/> मैं अब जमकर बैठ गया हँू, घूम रही है मधुशाला।।११८।<br/> मैं मदिरालय के अंदर हूँ, मेरे हाथों में प्याला,<br/> प्याले में मदिरालय बिंिबत करनेवाली है हाला,<br/> इस उधेड़-बुन में ही मेरा सारा जीवन बीत गया -<br/> मैं मधुशाला के अंदर या मेरे अंदर मधुशाला!।११९।<br/> किसे नहीं पीने से नाता, किसे नहीं भाता प्याला,<br/> इस जगती के मदिरालय में तरह-तरह की है हाला,<br/> अपनी-अपनी इच्छा के अनुसार सभी पी मदमाते,<br/> एक सभी का मादक साकी, एक सभी की मधुशाला।।१२०।<br/> वह हाला, कर शांत सके जो मेरे अंतर की ज्वाला,<br/> जिसमें मैं बिंिबत-प्रतिबंिबत प्रतिपल, वह मेरा प्याला,<br/> मधुशाला वह नहीं जहाँ पर मदिरा बेची जाती है,<br/> भेंट जहाँ मस्ती की मिलती मेरी तो वह मधुशाला।।१२१।<br/> मतवालापन हाला से ले मैंने तज दी है हाला,<br/> पागलपन लेकर प्याले से, मैंने त्याग दिया प्याला,<br/> साकी से मिल, साकी में मिल अपनापन मैं भूल गया,<br/> मिल मधुशाला की मधुता में भूल गया मैं मधुशाला।।१२२।<br/> मदिरालय के द्वार ठोंकता किस्मत का छंछा प्याला,<br/> गहरी, ठंडी सांसें भर भर कहता था हर मतवाला,<br/> कितनी थोड़ी सी यौवन की हाला, हा, मैं पी पाया!<br/> बंद हो गई कितनी जल्दी मेरी जीवन मधुशाला।।१२३।<br/> कहाँ गया वह स्वर्गिक साकी, कहाँ गयी सुरिभत हाला,<br/> कहँा गया स्वपिनल मदिरालय, कहाँ गया स्वर्णिम प्याला!<br/> पीनेवालों ने मदिरा का मूल्य, हाय, कब पहचाना?<br/> फूट चुका जब मधु का प्याला, टूट चुकी जब मधुशाला।।१२४।<br/> अपने युग में सबको अनुपम ज्ञात हुई अपनी हाला, <br/> अपने युग में सबको अदभुत ज्ञात हुआ अपना प्याला,<br/> फिर भी वृद्धों से जब पूछा एक यही उज्ञल्तऌार पाया -<br/> अब न रहे वे पीनेवाले, अब न रही वह मधुशाला!।१२५।<br/> 'मय' को करके शुद्ध दिया अब नाम गया उसको, 'हाला'<br/> 'मीना' को 'मधुपात्र' दिया 'सागर' को नाम गया 'प्याला',<br/> क्यों न मौलवी चौंकें, बिचकें तिलक-त्रिपुंडी पंिडत जी<br/> 'मय-महिफल' अब अपना ली है मैंने करके 'मधुशाला'।।१२६।<br/> कितने मर्म जता जाती है बार-बार आकर हाला,<br/> कितने भेद बता जाता है बार-बार आकर प्याला,<br/> कितने अर्थों को संकेतों से बतला जाता साकी,<br/> फिर भी पीनेवालों को है एक पहेली मधुशाला।।१२७।<br/> जितनी दिल की गहराई हो उतना गहरा है प्याला,<br/> जितनी मन की मादकता हो उतनी मादक है हाला,<br/> जितनी उर की भावुकता हो उतना सुन्दर साकी है,<br/> जितना ही जो रिसक, उसे है उतनी रसमय मधुशाला।।१२८।<br/> जिन अधरों को छुए, बना दे मस्त उन्हें मेरी हाला,<br/> जिस कर को छूू दे, कर दे विक्षिप्त उसे मेरा प्याला,<br/> आँख चार हों जिसकी मेरे साकी से दीवाना हो,<br/> पागल बनकर नाचे वह जो आए मेरी मधुशाला।।१२९।<br/> हर जिहवा पर देखी जाएगी मेरी मादक हाला<br/> हर कर में देखा जाएगा मेरे साकी का प्याला<br/> हर घर में चर्चा अब होगी मेरे मधुविक्रेता की<br/> हर आंगन में गमक उठेगी मेरी सुरिभत मधुशाला।।१३०।<br/> मेरी हाला में सबने पाई अपनी-अपनी हाला,<br/> मेरे प्याले में सबने पाया अपना-अपना प्याला,<br/> मेरे साकी में सबने अपना प्यारा साकी देखा,<br/> जिसकी जैसी रुिच थी उसने वैसी देखी मधुशाला।।१३१।<br/> यह मदिरालय के आँसू हैं, नहीं-नहीं मादक हाला,<br/> यह मदिरालय की आँखें हैं, नहीं-नहीं मधु का प्याला,<br/> किसी समय की सुखदस्मृति है साकी बनकर नाच रही,<br/> नहीं-नहीं किव का हृदयांगण, यह विरहाकुल मधुशाला।।१३२। <br/> कुचल हसरतें कितनी अपनी, हाय, बना पाया हाला,<br/> कितने अरमानों को करके ख़ाक बना पाया प्याला!<br/> पी पीनेवाले चल देंगे, हाय, न कोई जानेगा,<br/> कितने मन के महल ढहे तब खड़ी हुई यह मधुशाला!।१३३।<br/> विश्व तुम्हारे विषमय जीवन में ला पाएगी हाला<br/> यदि थोड़ी-सी भी यह मेरी मदमाती साकीबाला,<br/> शून्य तुम्हारी घड़ियाँ कुछ भी यदि यह गुंजित कर पाई,<br/> जन्म सफल समझेगी जग में अपना मेरी मधुशाला।।१३४।<br/> बड़े-बड़े नाज़ों से मैंने पाली है साकीबाला,<br/> किलत कल्पना का ही इसने सदा उठाया है प्याला,<br/> मान-दुलारों से ही रखना इस मेरी सुकुमारी को,<br/> विश्व, तुम्हारे हाथों में अब सौंप रहा हूँ मधुशाला।।१३५।<br/> पिरिशष्ट से ------------------------------ स्वयं नहीं पीता, औरों को, किन्तु पिला देता हाला,<br/> स्वयं नहीं छूता, औरों को, पर पकड़ा देता प्याला,<br/> पर उपदेश कुशल बहुतेरों से मैंने यह सीखा है,<br/> स्वयं नहीं जाता, औरों को पहुंचा देता मधुशाला।<br/> मैं कायस्थ कुलोदभव मेरे पुरखों ने इतना ढ़ाला,<br/> मेरे तन के लोहू में है पचहज्ञल्तऌार प्रतिशत हाला,<br/> पुश्तैनी अधिकार मुझे है मदिरालय के आँगन पर,<br/> मेरे दादों परदादों के हाथ बिकी थी मधुशाला।<br/> बहुतों के सिर चार दिनों तक चढ़कर उतर गई हाला,<br/> बहुतों के हाथों में दो दिन छलक झलक रीता प्याला,<br/> पर बढ़ती तासीर सुरा की साथ समय के, इससे ही<br/> और पुरानी होकर मेरी और नशीली मधुशाला।<br/> पित्र पक्ष में पुत्र उठाना अर्ध्य न कर में, पर प्याला<br/> बैठ कहीं पर जाना, गंगा सागर में भरकर हाला<br/> किसी जगह की मिटटी भीगे, तृप्ति मुझे मिल जाएगी<br/> तर्पण अर्पण करना मुझको, पढ़ पढ़ कर के मधुशाला।<br/> - हरिवंशराय बच्चन<br/> 4577 11321 2006-09-24T10:55:04Z Murtasa 17 jreiajsziowefifuqiUQ80 uqw89dfu0isdu qwfi9qwdu9u {{delete}} 4578 11327 2006-09-25T19:33:35Z Eukesh 157 '''नेवार''' [[नेपाल]]स्य एकम् [[आदिवासी]] अस्तु| नेवार प्रायस: वासस्थान काठमाण्डौ उपत्यका:| नेवारस्य [[मातृभाषा]]स्य: नाम [[नेपाल भाषा]]| {{नेपाल}} [[Category:नेपाल]] 4581 11339 2006-09-29T06:43:10Z 210.212.167.137 [[श्रीदेव्यथर्वशीर्षम्]] 4582 12203 2006-12-05T07:21:05Z 210.212.167.137 <p align="justify"><br>ॐ सर्वे वै देवा देवीमुपतस्थुः कासि त्वं महादेवीति ।।१।।</br> <br>साब्रवीत् - अहं ब्रह्मस्वरूपिणी । मत्तः प्रकृतिपुरुषात्मकं जगत् । शून्यं चाशून्यं च ।।२।।</br> <br>अहमानन्दानानन्दौ । अहं विज्ञानाविज्ञाने । अहं ब्रह्माब्रह्मणी वेदितव्ये । अहं पञ्चभूतान्यपञ्चभूतानि । अहमखिलं जगत् ।।३।।</br> <br>वेदोऽहमवेदोऽहम् । विद्याहमविद्याहम् । अजाहमनजाहम् । अधश्चोर्ध्वं च तिर्यक् चाहम् ।।४।।</br> <br>अहं रुद्रेभिर्वसुभिश्चरामि । अहमादित्यैरुत विश्वेदेवैः । अहं मित्रावरुणावुभौ बिभर्मि । अहमिन्द्राग्नी अहमश्विनावुभौ ।।५।।</br> <br>अहं सोमं त्वष्टारं पूषणं भगं दधामि । अहं विष्णुमुरुक्रमं ब्रह्माणमुत प्रजापतिं दधामि ।।६।।</br> <br>अहं दधामि द्रविणं हविष्मते सुप्राव्ये यजमानाय सुन्वते । अहं राष्ट्री सङ्मनी वसूनां चिकितुषी प्रथमा यज्ञियानाम् । अहं सुवे पितरमस्य मूर्धन्मम योनिरप्स्वन्तः समुद्रे । य एवं वेद स दैवीं सम्पदमाप्नोति ।।७।।</br> <br>ते देवा अब्रुवन् –</br> <br>नमो देव्यै महादेव्यै शिवायै सततं नमः । <br>नमः प्रकृत्यै भद्रायै नियताः प्रणताः स्म ताम् ।।८।।</br> <br>तामग्निवर्णां तपसा ज्वलन्तीं वैरोचनीं कर्मफलेषु जुष्टाम् । <br>दुर्गां देवीं शरणं प्रपद्यामहेऽसुरान्नाशयित्र्यै ते नमः ।।९।।</br> <br>देवीं वाचमजनयन्त देवास्तां विश्वरूपाः पशवो वदन्ति । <br>सा नो मन्द्रेषमूर्जं दुहाना धेनुर्वागस्मानुप सुष्टुतैतु ।।१०।।</br> <br>कालरात्रीं ब्रह्मस्तुतां वैष्णवीं स्कन्दमातरम् । <br>सरस्वतीमदितिं दक्षदुहितरं नमामः पावनां शिवाम् ।।११।।</br> <br>महालक्ष्म्यै च विद्महे सर्वशक्त्यै च धीमहि । <br>तन्नो देवी प्रचोदयात् ।।१२।।</br> <br>अदितिर्ह्यजनिष्ट दक्ष या दुहिता तव । <br>तां देवा अन्वजायन्त भद्रा अमृतबन्धवः ।।१३।।</br> <br>कामो योनिः कमला वज्रपाणिर्गुहा हसा मातरिश्वाभ्रमिन्द्रः । <br>पुनर्गुहा सकला मायया च पुरूच्यैषा विश्वमातादिविद्योम् ।।१४।।</br> <br>एषाऽऽत्मशक्तिः । एषा विश्वमोहिनी । पाशाङ्कुशधनुर्बाणधरा । एषा श्रीमहाविद्या । य एवं वेद स शोकं तरति ।।१५।।</br> <br>नमस्ते अस्तु भगवति मातरस्मान् पाहि सर्वतः ।।१६।।</br> <br>सैषाष्टौ वसवः । सैषैकादश रुद्राः । सैषा द्वादशादित्याः । सैषा विश्वेदेवाः सोमपा असोमपाश्च । सैषा यातुधाना असुरा रक्षांसि पिशाचा यक्षाः सिद्धाः । सैषा सत्त्वरजस्तमांसि । सैषा ब्रह्मविष्णुरुद्ररूपिणी । सैषा प्रजापतीन्द्रमनवः । सैषा ग्रहनक्षत्रज्योतींसि । कलाकाष्ठादिकालरूपिणी । तामहं प्रणौमि नित्यम् ।।</br> <br>पापापहारिणीं देवीं भुक्तिमुक्तिप्रदायिनीम् । <br>अनन्तां विजयां शुद्धां शरण्यां शिवदां शिवाम् ।।१७।।</br> <br>वियदीकारसंयुक्तं वीतिहोत्रसमन्वितम् । <br>अर्धेन्दुलसितं देव्या बीजं सर्वार्थसाधनम् ।।१८।।</br> <br>एवमेकाक्षरं ब्रह्म यतयः शुद्धचेतसः । <br>ध्यायन्ति परमानन्दमया ज्ञानाम्बुराशयः ।।१९।।</br> <br>वाङ्माया ब्रह्मसूस्तस्मात् षष्ठं वक्त्रसमन्वितम् । <br>सूर्योऽवामश्रोत्रबिन्दुसंयुक्तष्टात्तृतीयकः । <br>नारायणेन संमिश्रो वायुश्चाधरयुक् ततः । <br>विच्चे नवार्णकोऽर्णः स्यान्महदानन्ददायकः ।।२०।।</br> <br>हृत्पुण्डरीकमध्यस्थां प्रातः सूर्यसमप्रभाम् । <br>पाशाङ्कुशधरां सौम्यां वरदाभयहस्तकाम् । <br>त्रिनेत्रां रक्तवसनां भक्तकामदुघां भजे ।।२१।।</br> <br>नमामि त्वां महादेवीं महाभयविनाशिनीम् । <br>महादुर्गप्रशमनीं महाकारुण्यरूपिणीम् ।।२२।।</br> <br>यस्याः स्वरूपं ब्रह्मादयो न जानन्ति तस्मादुच्यते अज्ञेया । यस्या अन्तो न लभ्यते तस्मादुच्यते अनन्ता । यस्या लक्ष्यं नोपलक्ष्यते तस्मादुच्यते अलक्ष्या । यस्या जननं नोपलभ्यते तस्मादुच्यते अजा । एकैव सर्वत्र वर्तते तस्मादुच्यते एका । एकैव विश्वरूपिणी तस्मादुच्यते नैका । अतएवोच्यते अज्ञेयानन्तालक्ष्याजैका नैकेति ।।२३।।</br> <br>मन्त्राणां मातृका देवी शब्दानां ज्ञानरूपिणी । <br>ज्ञानानां चिन्मयातीता शून्यानां शून्यसाक्षिणी । <br>यस्याः परतरं नास्ति सैषा दुर्गा प्रकीर्तिता ।।२४।।</br> <br>तां दुर्गां दुर्गमां देवीं दुराचारविघातिनीम् । <br>नमामि भवभीतोऽहं संसारार्णवतारिणीम् ।।२५।।</br> <br>इदमथर्वशीर्षं योऽधीते स पञ्चाथर्वशीर्षजपफलमाप्नोति । इदमथर्वशीर्षमज्ञात्वा योऽर्चां स्थापयति - शतलक्षं प्रजप्त्वापि सोऽर्चासिद्धिं न विन्दति । शतमष्टोत्तरं चास्य पुरश्चर्याविधिः स्मृतः ।</br> <br>दशवारं पठेद् यस्तु सद्यः पापैः प्रमुच्यते । <br>महादुर्गाणि तरति महादेव्याः प्रसादतः ।।२६।।</br> <br>सायमधीयानो दिवसकृतं पापं नाशयति । प्रातरधीयानो रात्रिकृतं पापं नाशयति । सायं प्रातः प्रयुञ्जानो अपापो भवति । निशीथे तुरीयसन्ध्यायां जप्त्वा वाक्सिद्धिर्भवति । नूतनायां प्रतिमायां जप्त्वा देवतासान्निध्यं भवति । प्राणप्रतिष्ठायां जप्त्वा प्राणानां प्रतिष्ठा भवति । भौमाश्विन्यां महादेवीसन्निधौ जप्त्वा महामृत्युं तरति । स महामृत्युं तरति य एवं वेद । इत्युपनिषत् ।।</br> </p> 4583 11350 2006-09-29T20:31:28Z Eukesh 157 '''द सिम्प्सनस्'''एकस्य: बहुचर्चित दूरदर्शनशृंखला कार्यक्रम अस्ति| उक्त कार्यकमस्य एमी पुरस्कारस्य विभुषित:|संयुक्त राज्यस्य मध्यमवर्गीय जीवनस्य उक्त कार्यक्रमेणु हास्य रस प्रदर्शिते| {{द सिम्प्सनस्}} 4584 11348 2006-09-29T20:12:30Z Eukesh 157 [[The Simpsons]] moved to [[द सिम्प्सनस्]] #REDIRECT [[द सिम्प्सनस्]] 4585 11349 2006-09-29T20:30:43Z Eukesh 157 {| align="center" class="toccolours" style="clear:both;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color:#fada00;" | {| style="background: transparent; border: 0px; padding: 0px; spacing:0px;width:100%;" |- | width="20%" | &nbsp; | width="60%" style="text-align:center" | '''''[[द सिम्प्सनस्]]''''' | width="20%" style="text-align:right" | {{Tnavbar|द सिम्प्सनस्|plain=1}} |} |- style="font-size:110%;" || '''पात्रहरु:''' || [[होमर सिम्प्सन]] · [[मार्ज सिम्प्सन]] · [[बार्ट सिम्प्सन]] · [[लिजा सिम्प्सन]] · [[म्यागी सिम्प्सन]] · [[द सिम्प्सनस् को पात्रहरुको सूची|अन्य पात्र]] |- style="font-size:110%;" || '''निर्माण:''' || [[द सिम्प्सनस् स्वरकलाकार: सूची|स्वर कलाकार:]] · [[द सिम्प्सनस् लेखक:|लेखक:]] · [[द सिम्प्सनस् प्रसारण|प्रसारण]] · [[द सिम्प्सनस् एवार्ड|एवार्ड]] · [[द सिम्प्सनस् फिचर गीत|गीत]] |- style="font-size:110%;" || '''मीडिया रिलिज:''' || [[द सिम्प्सनस् भाग|भाग]] · [[द ट्रेसी वुलम्यान शो शर्टस्]] · [[द सिम्प्सनस् मीडिया|मीडिया]] · [[द सिम्प्सनस् चलचित्र]] |- style="font-size:110%;" || '''सीजनहरु:''' || [[द सिम्प्सनस् (सीजन १)|१]] · [[द सिम्प्सनस् (सीजन २)|२]] · [[द सिम्प्सनस् (सीजन ३)|३]] · [[द सिम्प्सनस् (सीजन ४)|४]] · [[द सिम्प्सनस् (सीजन ५)|५]] · [[द सिम्प्सनस् (सीजन ६)|६]] · [[द सिम्प्सनस् (सीजन ७)|७]] · [[द सिम्प्सनस् (सीजन ८)|८]] · [[द सिम्प्सनस् (सीजन ९)|९]] · [[द सिम्प्सनस् (सीजन १०)|१०]] · [[द सिम्प्सनस् (सीजन ११)|११]] · [[द सिम्प्सनस् (सीजन १२)|१२]] · [[द सिम्प्सनस् (सीजन १३)|१३]] · [[द सिम्प्सनस् (सीजन १४)|१४]] · [[द सिम्प्सनस् (सीजन १५)|१५]] · [[द सिम्प्सनस् (सीजन १६)|१६]] · [[द सिम्प्सनस् (सीजन १७)|१७]] · [[द सिम्प्सनस् (सीजन १८)|१८]] · [[द सिम्प्सनस् (सीजन १९)|१९]] |- style="font-size:110%;" || '''प्रकृति:''' || [[द सिम्प्सनस् आरम्भ प्रकृया|आरम्भ प्रकृया]] · [[स्यामपाटी क्रीडा हाँस्य]] · [[लिजा एकल स्याक्सोफोन हाँस्य|लिजा एकल स्याक्सोफोन]] · [[काउच हाँस्य]] · [[द सिम्प्सनस् ह्यालोविन भाग|ह्यालोविन भाग]] · [[द सिम्प्सनस् पूर्न् उवाच हास्य|पूर्न् उवाच हास्य]] · [[द सिम्प्सनस् अतिथि कलाकारा:|अतिथि कलाकारा:]] |- style="font-size:110%;" || '''स्थानहरु:''' || [[स्प्रींगफिल्ड (द सिम्प्सनस्)|स्प्रींगफिल्ड]] · [[शेल्बीभिल् (द सिम्प्सनस्)|शेल्बीभिल्]] · [[क्यापिटल सिटी (द सिम्प्सनस्)|क्यापिटल सिटी]] · [[७४२ एभरग्रीन टेरेस]] <br> [[स्प्रींगफिल्ड एलेमेन्टरी स्कूल]] · [[स्प्रींगफिल्ड न्युक्लियर पावर प्लान्ट]] · [[मोअज् ट्याभर्न]] · [[क्विक्-इ-मार्ट]] · [[क्रस्टी बर्गर]] |- style="font-size:110%;" || '''प्रकाशणहरु:''' || [[द सिम्प्सनस् डिभिडि|डिभिडि]] · [[द सिम्प्सनस् डिभिडि सेट|डिभिडि सेट]] · [[द सिम्प्सनस् भिडियो गेम|भिडियो गेम]] · [[सिम्प्सनस् कमिक]] · [[बार्ट सिम्प्सन (कमिक शृंखला)|बार्ट सिम्प्सन कमिक]] · [[द सिम्प्सनस् प्रकाशण|अन्य प्रकाशण]] |- style="font-size:110%;" || '''अन्य:''' || [[Portal:द सिम्प्सनस्|पोर्टल]] · [[द सिम्प्सनस् नवीन शब्द|नयाँ शब्द]] · [[द सिम्प्सनस् प्रयोगस्य बाहन|बाहन]] · [[द सिम्प्सनस् सामान|सामान]] · [[द सिम्प्सनस् काल्पनिक आविष्कार तथा उपकरण|आविष्कार]] · [[डु द बार्टम्यान]] · [[होमरस्य कार्य (सिम्प्सनस्)|होमरस्य कार्य]] · [[होमरस्य सपना(सिम्प्सनस्)|होमरस्य सपना]] |} 4590 11366 2006-10-06T21:46:37Z 67.110.184.190 X+Y = 23 4591 12226 2006-12-06T02:36:18Z सहाय 223 {| align="left" class="toccolours" style="clear:both;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: left;" | {| style="background:orange; border: 0px; padding: 0px; spacing:0px;width:100%;" |- | width="60%"; style="text-align:center; font-size:120%;" | '''[[हिन्दू धर्म]]''' |} {| |align="right" style="font-size: 110%; " |'''[[श्रुति(हिन्दू धर्म)|श्रुति]]:''' |style="font-size: 110%;"|[[वेद]] · [[उपनिषद]] · [[श्रुति]] |- |align="right" style="font-size: 110%;" |'''[[स्मृति(हिन्दू धर्म)|स्मृति]]:''' |style="font-size: 110%;"|[[इतिहास (हिन्दू धर्म)|इतिहास]] ([[रामायण]], [[महाभारत]], [[श्रीमद्भगवत गीता]]) · [[पुराण]] · [[सूत्र]] · [[आगम(धर्म)|आगम]] ([[तन्त्र]], [[यन्त्र]]) · [[वेदान्त]] |- |valign="top" align=right style="font-size: 110%;" |'''विचार''' |style="font-size: 110%;"|[[अवतार]] · [[आत्मा (हिन्दू धर्म)|आत्मा]] · [[ब्राह्मण]] · [[धर्म(हिन्दू धर्म)|धर्म]] · [[कर्म (हिन्दू धर्म)|कर्म]] · [[मोक्ष]] · [[माया (हिन्दू धर्म)|माया]] · [[इष्ट-देव]] · [[मूर्ति]] · [[पुनर्जन्म(हिन्दू धर्म)|पुनर्जन्म]] · [[संसार(हिन्दू धर्म)|संसार]] · [[तत्त्व(हिन्दू धर्म)|तत्त्व]] · [[त्रिमूर्ति]] · [[गुरु-शिष्य परम्परा|गुरु]] |- |align="right" style="font-size: 110%;" |'''[[हिन्दू दर्शन|दर्शन]]:''' |style="font-size: 110%;"|[[हिन्दू मान्यता|मान्यता]] · [[प्राचीन हिन्दू धर्म]] · [[सांख्य(हिन्दू धर्म)|सांख्य]] · [[न्याय(हिन्दू धर्म)|न्याय]] · [[वैशेषिक]] · [[योग]] · [[मीमांसा]] · [[वेदान्त]] · [[तन्त्र]] · [[भक्ति योग|भक्ति]] |- |align="right" style="font-size: 110%;" |'''[[परम्परा(हिन्दू धर्म)|परम्परा]]:''' |style="font-size: 110%;"|[[ज्योतिष]] · [[आयुर्वेद]] · [[आरती]] · [[भजन]] · [[दर्शन(हिन्दू धर्म)|दर्शन]] · [[दीक्षा]] · [[मन्त्र|मन्त्र]] · [[पूजा]] · [[सत्संग]] · [[स्तोत्र]] · [[हिन्दू विवाह|विवाह]] · [[यज्ञ]] |- |align="right" style="font-size: 110%;" | '''[[गुरु]]:''' |style="font-size: 110%;"|[[आदि शंकर|शंकर]] · [[रामानुज]] · [[श्री माधवाचार्य|माधवाचार्य]] · [[रामकृष्ण परमहंस|रामकृष्ण]] · [[शारदा देवी|शारदा देवी]] · [[स्वमी विवेकानन्द|विवेकानन्द]] · [[नारायण गुरु]] · [[श्री अरविन्द|अरविन्द]] · [[रामन् महर्षि]] · [[स्वामी शिवानन्द सरस्वती|शिवानन्द]] · [[स्‍वामी चिन्‍मयानन्‍द|चिन्‍मयानन्‍द]] · [[सत्गुरु शिवाय सुब्रमुनियस्वामी|सुब्रमुनियस्वामी]] · [[स्वामीनारायण]] · [[ए सी भक्तिवेदान्त स्वामी प्रभुपाद|प्रभुपाद]] · |- |align="right" style="font-size: 110%;"| '''[[हिन्दू विभाजन|विभाजन]]:''' |style="font-size: 110%;"|[[वैष्णव]] · [[शैव]] · [[शक्ति]] · [[स्मृति]] · [[हिन्दू पूनरुत्थान]] |- |align="right" style="font-size: 110%;"|'''[[हिन्दू देवता|देवता]]:''' |style="font-size: 110%;"|[[हिन्दू देवता नाम]] · [[हिन्दू कथा]] |- |align="right" style="font-size: 110%;"|'''[[युग]]:''' |style="font-size: 110%;"|[[सत्य युग]] · [[त्रेता युग]] · [[द्वापर युग]] · [[कलि युग]] |- |align="right" style="font-size: 110%;" |'''[[हिन्दू वर्ण व्यवस्था|वर्ण]]:''' |style="font-size: 110%;"|[[ब्राह्मण]] · [[क्षत्रिय]] · [[वैश्य]] · [[शूद्र]] · [[वर्णाश्रम धर्म]] | |align="right" style="font-size: 90%;" | |<div style="float:right">{{Tnavbar|हिन्दू धर्म|mini=1}}</div> |} </div> </div> <noinclude> [[en:Hinduism]] [[new:हिन्दू धर्म]] [[pt:Predefinição:Hinduísmo]] </noinclude> 4592 12984 2006-12-19T00:34:28Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[mo:2006]] ==Events== ==Births== ==Deaths== [[Category:21th century]] [[af:2006]] [[als:2006]] [[am:2006 እ.ኤ.አ.]] [[an:2006]] [[ang:2006]] [[ar:2006]] [[ast:2006]] [[av:2006]] [[az:2006]] [[ba:2006]] [[bat-smg:2006]] [[be:2006]] [[bg:2006]] [[bn:২০০৬]] [[bo:2006]] [[br:2006]] [[bs:2006]] [[ca:2006]] [[ceb:2006]] [[cho:2006]] [[chr:2006]] [[co:2006]] [[cs:2006]] [[csb:2006]] [[cv:2006]] [[cy:2006]] [[da:2006]] [[de:2006]] [[dv:2006]] [[el:2006]] [[en:2006]] [[eo:2006]] [[es:2006]] [[et:2006]] [[eu:2006]] [[fa:۲۰۰۶ (میلادی)]] [[fi:2006]] [[fiu-vro:2006]] [[fo:2006]] [[fr:2006]] [[frp:2006]] [[fur:2006]] [[fy:2006]] [[ga:2006]] [[gd:2006]] [[gl:2006]] [[got:2006]] [[gu:2006]] [[gv:2006]] [[he:2006]] [[hi:२००६]] [[hr:2006]] [[ht:2006 (almanak gregoryen)]] [[hu:2006]] [[hy:2006]] [[ia:2006]] [[id:2006]] [[ie:2006]] [[ilo:2006]] [[io:2006]] [[is:2006]] [[it:2006]] [[ja:2006年]] [[jbo:2006moi nanca]] [[jv:2006]] [[ka:2006]] [[kg:2006]] [[kk:2006]] [[kn:೨೦೦೬]] [[ko:2006년]] [[ks:2006]] [[ksh:Joohr 2006]] [[ku:2006]] [[kw:2006]] [[ky:2006]] [[la:2006]] [[lb:2006]] [[li:2006]] [[lij:2006]] [[lmo:2006]] [[ln:2006]] [[lt:2006]] [[map-bms:2006]] [[mg:2006]] [[mi:2006]] [[mk:2006]] [[ml:2006]] [[mn:2006]] [[mo:2006]] [[mr:ई.स. २००६]] [[ms:2006]] [[na:2006]] [[nah:2006]] [[nap:2006]] [[nds-nl:2006]] [[nl:2006]] [[nn:2006]] [[no:2006]] [[nrm:2006]] [[oc:2006]] [[os:2006]] [[pam:2006]] [[pap:2006]] [[pdc:2006]] [[pl:2006]] [[pms:2006]] [[pt:2006]] [[qu:2006]] [[rm:2006]] [[rmy:2006]] [[ro:2006]] [[roa-rup:2006]] [[ru:2006 год]] [[sc:2006]] [[scn:2006]] [[sco:2006]] [[se:2006]] [[sh:2006]] [[si:2006]] [[simple:2006]] [[sk:2006]] [[sl:2006]] [[sq:2006]] [[sr:2006]] [[su:2006]] [[sv:2006]] [[sw:2006]] [[ta:2006]] [[te:2006]] [[tg:2006]] [[th:พ.ศ. 2549]] [[tk:2006]] [[tl:2006]] [[tpi:2006]] [[tr:2006]] [[tt:2006]] [[udm:2006]] [[ug:2006]] [[uk:2006]] [[ur:2006ء]] [[uz:2006]] [[vec:2006]] [[vi:2006]] [[vls:2006]] [[wa:2006]] [[war:2006]] [[wo:2006]] [[yi:ה'תשס"ו]] [[zh:2006年]] [[zh-classical:二〇〇六年]] [[zh-min-nan:2006 nî]] [[zh-yue:2006年]] 4593 11542 2006-11-03T17:53:48Z 38.112.112.254 me:yay i clean 4594 11374 2006-10-09T17:50:41Z 64.113.184.13 mdsg;bm kldgmlcvxkl;dsagh;dfsnvnreooa;d;d;d;vnnxmcm,cxmcxmsdfiaofjwnnlsdancsnvnjla;nm,.xzidl;fsa 4595 11381 2006-10-14T10:08:59Z Eukesh 157 {|align=center cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 style="border:2px solid #e1eaee; border-collapse:separate;font-size:120%" |- |style="background:#F1FAFF; line-height:120%; border:1px solid #C6E4F2; border-left:0; border-top:0; padding:0px 5px 0px 5px;"|[[Special:Allpages/०|०-९]] |style="background:#EAF6FD; line-height:120%; border:1px solid #C6E4F2; border:1px solid #C6E4F2; border-left:0; border-top:0; padding:0px 5px 0px 5px;"|[[Special:Allpages/अ|अ]] |style="background:#F1FAFF; line-height:120%; border:1px solid #C6E4F2;border:1px solid #C6E4F2; border-left:0; border-top:0; padding:0px 5px 0px 5px;"|[[Special:Allpages/आ|आ]] |style="background:#EAF6FD; line-height:120%; border:1px solid #C6E4F2; border:1px solid #C6E4F2; border-left:0; border-top:0; padding:0px 5px 0px 5px;"|[[Special:Allpages/इ|इ]] |style="background:#F1FAFF; line-height:120%; border:1px solid #C6E4F2;border:1px solid #C6E4F2; border-left:0; border-top:0; padding:0px 5px 0px 5px;"|[[Special:Allpages/ई|ई]] |style="background:#EAF6FD; line-height:120%; border:1px solid #C6E4F2; border:1px solid #C6E4F2; border-left:0; border-top:0; padding:0px 5px 0px 5px;"|[[Special:Allpages/उ|उ]] |style="background:#F1FAFF; line-height:120%; border:1px solid #C6E4F2;border:1px solid #C6E4F2; border-left:0; border-top:0; padding:0px 5px 0px 5px;"|[[Special:Allpages/ऊ|ऊ]] |style="background:#EAF6FD; line-height:120%; border:1px solid #C6E4F2; border:1px solid #C6E4F2; border-left:0; border-top:0; padding:0px 5px 0px 5px;"|[[Special:Allpages/ए|ए]] |style="background:#F1FAFF; line-height:120%; border:1px solid #C6E4F2;border:1px solid #C6E4F2; border-left:0; border-top:0; padding:0px 5px 0px 5px;"|[[Special:Allpages/ऐ|ऐ]] |style="background:#EAF6FD; line-height:120%; border:1px solid #C6E4F2; border:1px solid #C6E4F2; border-left:0; border-top:0; padding:0px 5px 0px 5px;"|[[Special:Allpages/ओ|ओ]] |style="background:#F1FAFF; line-height:120%; border:1px solid #C6E4F2;border:1px solid #C6E4F2; border-left:0; border-top:0; padding:0px 5px 0px 5px;"|[[Special:Allpages/औ|औ]] |style="background:#EAF6FD; line-height:120%; border:1px solid #C6E4F2; border:1px solid #C6E4F2; border-left:0; border-top:0; padding:0px 5px 0px 5px;"|[[Special:Allpages/अं|अं]] |style="background:#F1FAFF; line-height:120%; border:1px solid #C6E4F2;border:1px solid #C6E4F2; border-left:0; border-top:0; padding:0px 5px 0px 5px;"|[[Special:Allpages/क|क]] |style="background:#EAF6FD; line-height:120%; border:1px solid #C6E4F2; border:1px solid #C6E4F2; border-left:0; border-top:0; padding:0px 5px 0px 5px;"|[[Special:Allpages/ख|ख]] |style="background:#F1FAFF; line-height:120%; border:1px solid #C6E4F2;border:1px solid #C6E4F2; border-left:0; border-top:0; padding:0px 5px 0px 5px;"|[[Special:Allpages/ग|ग]] |style="background:#EAF6FD; line-height:120%; border:1px solid #C6E4F2; border:1px solid #C6E4F2; border-left:0; border-top:0; padding:0px 5px 0px 5px;"|[[Special:Allpages/घ|घ]] |style="background:#F1FAFF; line-height:120%; border:1px solid #C6E4F2;border:1px solid #C6E4F2; border-left:0; border-top:0; padding:0px 5px 0px 5px;"|[[Special:Allpages/ङ|ङ]] |style="background:#EAF6FD; line-height:120%; border:1px solid #C6E4F2; border:1px solid #C6E4F2; border-left:0; border-top:0; padding:0px 5px 0px 5px;"|[[Special:Allpages/च|च]] |style="background:#F1FAFF; line-height:120%; border:1px solid #C6E4F2;border:1px solid #C6E4F2; border-left:0; border-top:0; padding:0px 5px 0px 5px;"|[[Special:Allpages/छ|छ]] |style="background:#EAF6FD; line-height:120%; border:1px solid #C6E4F2; border:1px solid #C6E4F2; border-left:0; border-top:0; padding:0px 5px 0px 5px;"|[[Special:Allpages/ज|ज]] |style="background:#F1FAFF; line-height:120%; border:1px solid #C6E4F2;border:1px solid #C6E4F2; border-left:0; border-top:0; padding:0px 5px 0px 5px;"|[[Special:Allpages/झ|झ]] |style="background:#EAF6FD; line-height:120%; border:1px solid #C6E4F2; border:1px solid #C6E4F2; border-left:0; border-top:0; padding:0px 5px 0px 5px;"|[[Special:Allpages/ञ|ञ]] |style="background:#F1FAFF; line-height:120%; border:1px solid #C6E4F2;border:1px solid #C6E4F2; border-left:0; border-top:0; padding:0px 5px 0px 5px;"|[[Special:Allpages/ट|ट]] |style="background:#EAF6FD; line-height:120%; border:1px solid #C6E4F2; border:1px solid #C6E4F2; border-left:0; border-top:0; padding:0px 5px 0px 5px;"|[[Special:Allpages/ठ|ठ]] |style="background:#F1FAFF; line-height:120%; border:1px solid #C6E4F2;border:1px solid #C6E4F2; border-left:0; border-top:0; padding:0px 5px 0px 5px;"|[[Special:Allpages/ड|ड]] |style="background:#EAF6FD; line-height:120%; border:1px solid #C6E4F2; border:1px solid #C6E4F2; border-left:0; border-top:0; padding:0px 5px 0px 5px;"|[[Special:Allpages/ढ|ढ]] |style="background:#F1FAFF; line-height:120%; border:1px solid #C6E4F2; border-left:0; border-top:0; 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5px;"|[[Special:Allpages/ॐ|ॐ]] |style="background:#F1FAFF; line-height:120%; border:1px solid #C6E4F2; border:1px solid #C6E4F2; border-left:0; border-top:0; border-bottom:0; padding:0px 5px 0px 5px;"|[[Special:Allpages/श्र|श्र]] |style="background:#EAF6FD; line-height:120%; border:1px solid #C6E4F2;border:1px solid #C6E4F2; border-left:0; border-top:0; border-bottom:0; padding:0px 5px 0px 5px;"|[[Special:Allpages/अः|अः]] |} <!-- * <span style="font-size:120%"> [[Special:Allpages/Category:!|!]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:०|०-९]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:अ|अ]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:आ|आ]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:इ|इ]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:ई|ई]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:उ|उ]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:ऊ|ऊ]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:ए|ए]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:ऐ|ऐ]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:ओ|ओ]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:औ|औ]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:अं|अं]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:अः|अः]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:क|क]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:ख|ख]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:ग|ग]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:घ|घ]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:ङ|ङ]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:च|च]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:छ|छ]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:ज|ज]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:झ|झ]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:ञ|ञ]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:ट|ट]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:ठ|ठ]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:ड|ड]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:ढ|ढ]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:ण|ण]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:त|त]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:थ|थ]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:द|द]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:ध|ध]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:न|न]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:प|प]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:फ|फ]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:ब|ब]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:भ|भ]][[Special:Allpages/Category:म|म]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:य|य]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:र|र]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:ल|ल]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:व|व]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:श|श]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:ष|ष]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:ह|ह]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:क्ष|क्ष]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:त्र|त्र]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:ज्ञ|ज्ञ]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:ऋ|ऋ]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:ॠ|ॠ]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:ॐ|ॐ]] [[Special:Allpages/Category:श्र|श्र]]</span> --> 4596 11382 2006-10-14T18:06:59Z 201.240.216.94 ل .L.اتفق وزراء النقل الاوروبيين امس في لوكسمبورغ فيها وفي ختام نقاشات مقتضبة اعلنت وزيرة النقل الفنلندية التوصل الى اتفاق سياسيا dice: वेद शब्द संस्कृत भाषा के "विद्" धातु से बना है जिसका अर्थ है: जानना, ज्ञान इत्यादि। वेद हिन्दू धर्म के प्राचीन पवित्र ग्रंथों का नाम है । वेदों को श्रुति भी कहा जाता है, 4597 12170 2006-12-01T16:50:31Z 70.105.32.247 {{delete}} 4598 11539 2006-11-03T17:51:25Z 38.112.112.254 boo 4599 11641 2006-11-12T03:35:51Z देशा 218 सः [[दर्शन शास्त्र]]स्य एकं ऋषि आसीत्। [[en:Kanada]] [[hi:कणाद]] 4600 11541 2006-11-03T17:52:25Z 38.112.112.254 you:HELLOOOOO <br> me:hey 4601 11409 2006-10-25T19:58:39Z MediaWiki default 4602 11410 2006-10-25T19:58:40Z MediaWiki default 4603 11411 2006-10-25T19:58:40Z MediaWiki default Your IP address is blocked from editing, and so is not allowed to use the password recovery function to prevent abuse. 4604 11412 2006-10-25T19:58:41Z MediaWiki default 4605 11413 2006-10-25T19:58:41Z MediaWiki default 4606 11416 2006-10-25T19:58:42Z MediaWiki default 4607 11417 2006-10-25T19:58:42Z MediaWiki default The following pages do not link to other pages in this wiki. 4608 11418 2006-10-25T19:58:42Z MediaWiki default 4609 11419 2006-10-25T19:58:42Z MediaWiki default 4610 11420 2006-10-25T19:58:43Z MediaWiki default Editing user <b>$1</b> 4611 11423 2006-10-25T19:58:47Z MediaWiki default Atom 4612 11424 2006-10-25T19:58:47Z MediaWiki default RSS 4613 11425 2006-10-25T19:58:48Z MediaWiki default 4614 11428 2006-10-25T19:58:49Z MediaWiki default 4615 11429 2006-10-25T19:58:49Z MediaWiki default This page was last modified $2, $1. 4616 11430 2006-10-25T19:58:49Z MediaWiki default This page was last modified $2, $1 by $3. 4617 11431 2006-10-25T19:58:49Z MediaWiki default 4618 11432 2006-10-25T19:58:49Z MediaWiki default 4619 11433 2006-10-25T19:58:50Z MediaWiki default 4620 11434 2006-10-25T19:58:50Z MediaWiki default The following pages are not linked from other pages in this wiki. 4621 11435 2006-10-25T19:58:50Z MediaWiki default 4622 11436 2006-10-25T19:58:50Z MediaWiki default 4623 11437 2006-10-25T19:58:51Z MediaWiki default 4624 11438 2006-10-25T19:58:51Z MediaWiki default 4625 11439 2006-10-25T19:58:51Z MediaWiki default 4626 11440 2006-10-25T19:58:51Z MediaWiki default 4627 11441 2006-10-25T19:58:51Z MediaWiki default 4628 11442 2006-10-25T19:58:51Z MediaWiki default My preferences 4629 11443 2006-10-25T19:58:51Z MediaWiki default 4630 11445 2006-10-25T19:58:51Z MediaWiki default 4631 11447 2006-10-25T19:58:53Z MediaWiki default {{PLURAL:$1|Category|Categories}} 4632 11448 2006-10-25T19:58:53Z MediaWiki default 4633 11449 2006-10-25T19:58:53Z MediaWiki default 4634 11450 2006-10-25T19:58:53Z MediaWiki default 4635 11452 2006-10-25T19:58:55Z MediaWiki default You have not specified target revision or revisions to perform this function on. 4636 11453 2006-10-25T19:58:55Z MediaWiki default No target revision 4637 11454 2006-10-25T19:58:56Z MediaWiki default Go 4638 11455 2006-10-25T19:58:56Z MediaWiki default 4639 11456 2006-10-25T19:58:57Z MediaWiki default 4640 11457 2006-10-25T19:58:57Z MediaWiki default A password reminder has already been sent, within the last $1 hours. To prevent abuse, only one password reminder will be sent per $1 hours. 4641 11458 2006-10-25T19:58:58Z MediaWiki default Disable variants conversion 4642 11460 2006-10-25T19:58:58Z MediaWiki default 4643 11461 2006-10-25T19:58:58Z MediaWiki default 4644 11462 2006-10-25T19:58:58Z MediaWiki default 4645 11463 2006-10-25T19:58:59Z MediaWiki default 4646 11464 2006-10-25T19:58:59Z MediaWiki default 4647 11466 2006-10-25T19:59:00Z MediaWiki default 4648 11467 2006-10-25T19:59:00Z MediaWiki default kk 4649 11468 2006-10-25T19:59:00Z MediaWiki default kk-cn 4650 11469 2006-10-25T19:59:00Z MediaWiki default kk-kz 4651 11470 2006-10-25T19:59:00Z MediaWiki default kk-tr 4652 11471 2006-10-25T19:59:01Z MediaWiki default 4653 11472 2006-10-25T19:59:01Z MediaWiki default 4654 11476 2006-10-25T19:59:01Z MediaWiki default Watch this page 4655 11477 2006-10-25T19:59:01Z MediaWiki default &lt; 4656 11478 2006-10-25T19:59:01Z MediaWiki default 4658 11537 2006-11-03T17:50:03Z 38.112.112.254 ftbutymxcumru,klfodc7,uiutgd 34QQ 34QYQsctty u 8071y9-.... speak english at least... 4660 12258 2006-12-06T03:24:02Z सहाय 223 ''विक्रमोवशीयं ''नाटकं महाकवि [[कालिदास|कालिदसेन]] विरचितम् । [[en:Vikramuurvashiiya]] 4662 11534 2006-11-03T15:44:16Z 72.1.205.79 blah fghdsfhjdjfgjjkgyuforuiweht348907569827345782390847508937409827304978509384750293850928345908237490587239045. 4663 11535 2006-11-03T17:47:58Z 38.112.112.254 hey peps 4666 11576 2006-11-11T16:54:46Z देशा 218 '''स्कन्द उपनिषद्''' *[[उपनिषद्]] {{stub}} 4667 11618 2006-11-12T03:06:40Z देशा 218 '''शारदा लिपि''' [[कश्मीर]] देशस्य पुरातन लिपि अस्ति। इदं प्राचीन [[ब्राह्मी लिपि|ब्राह्मी लिपे]] परिवर्त्तित रूपं अस्ति। [[hi:शारदा लिपि]] 4668 11556 2006-11-09T08:39:03Z 210.212.236.21 केरळ प्रदेशे प्रवर्तमाना लिपि. प्राचीन ग्रन्थ लिपे परिवर्त्तित रूपं 4669 11560 2006-11-10T03:22:13Z DaGizza 117 deleet {{Delete}} 4670 11581 2006-11-11T17:06:03Z देशा 218 [[Image:Bharatanatyam stamp.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Stamp issued in honour of Bharatanatyam]] [[Image:Bharatanatyam 3.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Bharatanatyam dancer]] इदं भारतस्य शास्त्रीय नृत्य पद्धति अस्ति। ==पश्य== *[[भरत मुनि]] [[en:Bharatanatyam]] [[hi:भरतनाट्यम्‌]] 4671 11633 2006-11-12T03:26:15Z देशा 218 इदं [[भारत]]स्य शास्त्रीय नृत्य एकं पद्धति अस्ति। [[en:Kuchipudi]] [[hi:कुचिपुडि नृत्य]] 4672 11630 2006-11-12T03:22:32Z देशा 218 इदं [[भारत]]स्य शास्त्रीय नृत्य एकं पद्धति अस्ति। [[hi:मणिपुरी नृत्य]] 4673 11635 2006-11-12T03:30:14Z देशा 218 इदं [[भारत]]स्य शास्त्रीय नृत्य एकं पद्धति अस्ति। [[en:Odissi]] [[hi:ओडिसी नृत्य]] 4674 11597 2006-11-11T17:29:23Z देशा 218 इदं दर्शन शास्त्रस्य एकं शाखा अस्ति। ==पश्य== *[[जैमिनि]] [[en:Purva Mimamsa]] [[hi:पूर्व-मीमांसा]] 4675 11638 2006-11-12T03:32:47Z देशा 218 इदं [[दर्शन शास्त्र]]स्य एकं शाखा अस्ति। ==पश्य== *[[कपिल]] मुनि [[en:Samkhya]] [[hi:सांख्य]] 4676 11639 2006-11-12T03:33:20Z देशा 218 इदं दर्शन शास्त्रस्य एकं शाखा अस्ति। ==पश्य== *[[कणाद]] [[en:Vaisheshika]] [[hi:वैशेषिक]] 4677 11631 2006-11-12T03:23:31Z देशा 218 इदं दर्शन शास्त्रस्य एकं शाखा अस्ति। ==पश्य== *[[गोतम]] [[en:Nyaya]] [[hi:न्याय शास्त्र]] 4678 11640 2006-11-12T03:35:12Z देशा 218 '''उत्तर-मीमांसा''' इदं दर्शन शास्त्रस्य एकं शाखा अस्ति। इदं [[वेदान्त]] इति एवं कथ्यते। ==पश्य== *[[बादरायण]] *[[शङ्कराचार्य]] *[[रामानुजाचार्य]] *[[मध्वाचार्य]] [[en:Vedanta]] [[hi:उत्तर-मीमांसा]] 4679 12882 2006-12-18T18:55:55Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: de, fr, he, hu, it, nl, pl, pt, simple, sk, sv Modifying: en सः [[दर्शन शास्त्र]]स्य एकं ऋषि आसीत्। [[de:Patanjali]] [[en:Patañjali]] [[fr:Patanjali]] [[he:פטנג'לי]] [[hi:पतञ्जलि]] [[hu:Patandzsali]] [[it:Patanjali]] [[nl:Patanjali]] [[pl:Patandźali]] [[pt:Pátañjali]] [[simple:Patanjali]] [[sk:Pataňdžali]] [[sv:Patanjali]] 4680 11599 2006-11-11T17:31:27Z देशा 218 सः [[दर्शन शास्त्र]]स्य एकं ऋषि आसीत्। [[en:Jaimini]] [[hi:जैमिनि]] 4681 11602 2006-11-12T01:51:49Z 68.155.76.229 '''बौधायन''' एक: महान ऋषि आसीत्‌ | अनेन [[शुल्ब-सूत्रम्]] ग्रन्‍थ: लिखित: | *[[गणितं]] [[en:Baudhayana]][[hi:बौधायन]] 4682 11609 2006-11-12T02:54:20Z देशा 218 '''लिपि''' *[[सरस्वती लिपि]] *[[ब्राह्मी लिपि]] *[[देवनागरी]] *[[शारदा लिपि]] *[[तेलुगु लिपि]] *[[तमिल लिपि]] *[[रोमन लिपि]] *[[ग्रीक लिपि]] *[[चीनी लिपि]] *[[जापानी लिपि]] [[en:Script]] [[hi:लिपि]] 4683 12239 2006-12-06T02:58:51Z सहाय 223 '''प्रज्ञा सूत्रम्''' इदं [[सुभाष काक|सुभाष काकेन]] विरचितम् आधुनिक [[सूत्र]]म् अस्ति। बन्धु-परोक्ष-यज्ञाः विज्ञानस्य त्रिपादाः ।१। देव-भूत-जीवात्मानोऽन्तरेण बन्धुः ।२। मनसि प्रतिबिम्बितं ब्रह्माण्डम् ।३। चिदाकाशस्य तदीयौ सूर्य-चन्द्रौ ।४। सूर्य-चन्द्राव्-अष्टोत्तर-शत-अंशात्मकौ ।५। सामान्य-आधारितं-ज्ञानम् ।६। शब्दः बन्धः ।७। भाषा अपरा ।८। विरुद्धानि इव अपि दर्शनानि परस्पर-पूरकानि ।९। आन्तरिक-स्थितयः परिसंख्या-योग्याः ।१०। भाषा-लोक-विरुद्ध-आभास-अतीतम् विज्ञानम् ।११। यज्ञात् प्रज्ञा आविर्भवति ।१२। चित्तम्-आव्रियते वर्णैः ।१३। पशु-आसुर-राक्षसा आत्मनि निवसन्ति ।१४। पशुत्वस्य नाशनम् एव मुक्तिः ।१५। यज्ञो योगः परिणामः परिवर्तनं च ।१६। शरीर-मनसि असम्भूति-सम्भूती अविद्या-विद्ये पक्षाविव ।१७। प्रज्ञा ऐश्वर्यं पक्षिणः उड्डयनम् ।१८। [[hi:प्रज्ञा सूत्र]] 4685 11653 2006-11-12T03:50:46Z देशा 218 '''सरस्वती लिपि''' [[भारत]]स्य प्राचीनतम् लिपि अस्ति। ==पश्य== *[[सरस्वती देवी]] [[en:Indus script]] [[hi:सरस्वती लिपि]] 4686 11626 2006-11-12T03:18:51Z देशा 218 सः [[सङ्गीतशास्त्र]]स्य एकं विद्वानं आसीत्। सः [[दत्तिलम्]] लिखितम्। [[en:Dattila Muni]] [[hi:दत्तिल मुनि]] 4687 11629 2006-11-12T03:21:03Z देशा 218 सः [[सङ्गीतशास्त्र]]स्य एकं विद्वानं आसीत्। सः [[बृहद्देशी]] लिखितम्। [[en:Matanga Muni]] [[hi:मतङ्ग मुनि]] 4688 11625 2006-11-12T03:17:58Z देशा 218 सः [[सङ्गीतशास्त्र]]स्य एकं विद्वानं आसीत्। सः [[सङ्गीरत्नाकरम्]] लिखितम्। [[en:Sharngadeva]] [[hi:शार्ङ्गदेव]] 4689 11632 2006-11-12T03:25:03Z देशा 218 सः न्यायशास्त्रस्य प्रवर्तकः आसीत्। [[en:Gotama]] [[hi:गोतम]] 4690 11642 2006-11-12T03:37:24Z देशा 218 सः वेदान्तशास्त्रस्य प्रवर्तकः आसीत्। [[en:Badarayana]] [[hi:बादरायण]] 4691 11703 2006-11-13T05:41:56Z देशा 218 [[Image:Shankara.jpg|thumb|right|आदि शङ्कराचार्य]] '''आदि शङ्कराचार्य''' सः वेदान्तशास्त्रस्य प्रवर्तकः आसीत्। [[en:Adi Shankara]] [[hi:आदि शङ्कराचार्य]] 4692 12926 2006-12-18T21:36:15Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[pl:Ramanudźa]], [[sk:Rámánudža]], [[vi:Ramanuja]] '''रामानुजाचार्य''' (१०१७-११३७) सः वेदान्तशास्त्रस्य प्रवर्तकः आसीत्। [[en:Ramanuja]] [[hi:रामानुजाचार्य]] [[pl:Ramanudźa]] [[sk:Rámánudža]] [[vi:Ramanuja]] 4693 11649 2006-11-12T03:44:03Z देशा 218 '''मध्वाचार्य''' (१२३८-१३१७) सः वेदान्तशास्त्रस्य प्रवर्तकः आसीत्। [[en:Madhvacharya]] [[hi:मध्वाचार्य]] 4694 11661 2006-11-12T06:34:16Z DaGizza 117 fix #REDIRECT[[दर्शनशास्त्रम्]] 4695 11659 2006-11-12T03:59:24Z देशा 218 '''सरस्वती''' एका देवी अस्ति। सा [[ब्रह्मा]] देवस्य अर्धाङ्गिनी। ===पश्य=== *[[सरस्वती नदी]] [[en:Sarasvati]] [[hi:सरस्वती]] 4696 11656 2006-11-12T03:54:17Z देशा 218 '''सरस्वती नदी''' एका नदी अस्ति। 4697 11658 2006-11-12T03:58:35Z देशा 218 '''ब्रह्मा''' जगतस्य प्रवर्तकः । [[en:Brahma]] [[hi:ब्रह्मा]] 4699 11668 2006-11-13T03:51:14Z देशा 218 ==प्रमुख राज्याः== {| border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse;" !bgcolor=#cccccc|नाम !bgcolor=#cccccc|अँग्रेजी नाम !bgcolor=#cccccc|आधिकारिक नाम (अँग्रेजी / मूल) !bgcolor=#cccccc|संक्षिप्त नाम (मूल सरकारी नाम) |- valign=top | [[अफगानिस्तान]] |'''[[:en:Afghanistan]]''' |Islamic Republic of Afghanistan<br>&#1583;&#1608;&#1604;&#1578; &#1575;&#1587;&#1604;&#1575;&#1605;&#1740; &#1575;&#1601;&#1594;&#1575;&#1606;&#1587;&#1578;&#1575;&#1606;<br>Dowlat-e Eslami-ye Afghanestan |''Pushtu'': Af&#289;&#257;nist&#257;n / &#1575;&#1601;&#1594;&#1575;&#1606;&#1587;&#1578;&#1575;&#1606;<br>''Dari'': Af&#289;&#257;nest&#257;n / &#1575;&#1601;&#1594;&#1575;&#1606;&#1587;&#1578;&#1575;&#1606; |- valign=top | [[अल्बानिया]] |'''[[:en:Albania]]''' |Republic of Albania<br>Republika e Shqipërise |''Albanian'': Shqipëria |- valign=top | [[अल्जीरिया]] |'''[[:en:Algeria]]''' |People's Democratic Republic of Algeria<br>&#1575;&#1604;&#1580;&#1605;&#1607;&#1608;&#1585;&#1610;&#1577; &#1575;&#1604;&#1580;&#1586;&#1575;&#1574;&#1585;&#1610;&#1577; &#1575;&#1604;&#1583;&#1610;&#1605;&#1602;&#1585;&#1575;&#1591;&#1610;&#1577; &#1575;&#1604;&#1588;&#1593;&#1576;&#1610;&#1577;<br>Al-Jumh&#363;r&#299;yah al-Jaz&#257;’ir&#299;yah<br>ad-D&#299;muqr&#257;&#355;&#299;yah ash-Sha’b&#299;yah |''Arabic'': Al-Jaz&#257;'ir / &#1575;&#1604;&#1580;&#1605;&#1607;&#1608;&#1585;&#1610;&#1577; &#1575;&#1604;&#1580;&#1586;&#1575;&#1574;&#1585;&#1610;&#1577; |- valign=top | [[अन्डोरा]] |'''[[:en:Andorra]]''' |Principality of Andorra<br>Principat d'Andorre |''Catalan'': Andorra<br/>''French'': Andorre |- valign=top | [[अंगोला]] |'''[[:en:Angola]]''' |Republic of Angola<br>República de Angola |''Portugese'': Angola |- valign=top | [[अंटीग्वा एण्ड बारबुडा]] |'''[[:en:Antigua and Barbuda]]'''^[[#Notes|4]] |Antigua and Barbuda |''English'': Antigua and Barbuda |- valign=top | [[अर्जेन्टीना]] |'''[[:en:Argentina]]'''^[[#Notes|3]] |Arnetine Nation ''or'' Argentine Republic<br>República Argentina |''Spanish'': Argentina |- valign=top | [[आर्मीनिया]] |'''[[:en:Armenia]]''' |Republic of Armenia<br>&#1344;&#1377;&#1397;&#1377;&#1405;&#1407;&#1377;&#1398;&#1387; &#1344;&#1377;&#1398;&#1408;&#1377;&#1402;&#1381;&#1407;&#1400;&#1410;&#1385;&#1397;&#1400;&#1410;&#1398;<br>Hayastani Hanrapetut'yun |''Armenian'': Hayastan / &#1344;&#1377;&#1397;&#1377;&#1405;&#1407;&#1377;&#1398; |- valign=top | [[ऑस्ट्रेलिया]] |'''[[:en:Australia]]'''^[[#Notes|3]] |Commonwealth of Australia |''English'': Australia |- valign=top | [[ऑस्ट्रिया]] |'''[[:en:Austria]]'''^[[#Notes|4]] |Republic of Austria<br>Republik Österreich |''German'': Österreich |- valign=top | [[अज़रबैजान]] |'''[[:en:Azerbaijan]]'''^{[[#Notes|1]], [[#Notes|4]]} |Republic of Azerbaijan<br>Az&#601;rbaycan Respublikas&#305; |''Azeri'': Az&#601;rbaycan |- valign=top | [[बहामास]] |'''[[:en:The Bahamas]]''' |Commonwealth of the Bahamas |''English'': The Bahamas |- valign=top | [[बहरैन]] |'''[[:en:Bahrain]]''' |Kingdom of Bahrain<br>&#1605;&#1605;&#1604;&#1603;&#1577; &#1575;&#1604;&#1576;&#1581;&#1585;&#1610;&#1606;<br>Mamlakat al Bahrayn |''Arabic'': al-Ba&#7717;rayn / &#1576;&#1581;&#1585;&#1610;&#1606; |- valign=top | [[बांग्लादेश]] |'''[[:en:Bangladesh]]''' |People's Republic of Bangladesh<br>&#2455;&#2467; &#2474;&#2509;&#2480;&#2460;&#2494;&#2468;&#2433;&#2468;&#2509;&#2480;&#2496; &#2476;&#2494;&#2434;&#2482;&#2494;&#2470;&#2503;&#2486;<br>Gana Praj&#257;tantr&#299; B&#257;ngl&#257;desh |''Bengali'': Bangl&#257;de&#347; / &#2476;&#2494;&#2434;&#2482;&#2494;&#2470;&#2503;&#2486; |- valign=top | [[बार्बैडॉस]] |'''[[:en:Barbados]]''' |Barbados |''English'': Barbados |- valign=top | [[बेलारूस]] |'''[[:en:Belarus]]''' |Republic of Belarus<br>&#1056;&#1101;&#1089;&#1087;&#1091;&#769;&#1073;&#1083;&#1110;&#1082;&#1072; &#1041;&#1077;&#1083;&#1072;&#1088;&#1091;&#769;&#1089;&#1100;<br>Respublika Bie&#322;aru&#347; |''Belarusian'': Bjelarú&#347; / &#1041;&#1077;&#1083;&#1072;&#1088;&#1091;&#769;&#1089;&#1100;<br>''Russian'': Bjelorússija / &#1041;&#1077;&#1083;&#1086;&#1088;&#1091;&#x301;&#1089;&#1089;&#1080;&#1103; |- valign=top | [[बेल्जियम]] |'''[[:en:Belgium]]''' |Kingdom of Belgium<br>Koninkrijk België<br>Royaume de Belgique<br>Königreich Belgien |''Dutch'': België<br>''French'': Belgique<br>''German'': Belgien |- valign=top | [[बेलीज़]] |'''[[:en:Belize]]''' |Belize |''English'': Belize |- valign=top | [[बेनिन]] |'''[[:en:Benin]]''' |Republic of Benin |''French'': Bénin |- valign=top | [[भूटान]] |'''[[:en:Bhutan]]''' |Kingdom of Bhutan |''Jonghka'': Druk Yul |- valign=top | [[बोलीविया]] |'''[[:en:Bolivia]]''' |Republic of Bolivia |''Spanish'': Bolivia |- valign=top | [[बौसनिया एण्ड हेर्ज़ेगोविना]] |'''[[:en:Bosnia and Herzegovina]]'''^[[#Notes|4]] |Bosnia and Herzegovina |''Bosnian'': Bosna i Hercegovina / &#1041;&#1086;&#1089;&#1085;&#1072; &#1080; &#1061;&#1077;&#1088;&#1094;&#1077;&#1075;&#1086;&#1074;&#1080;&#1085;&#1072;<br>''Serbian'' and ''Croatian'': idem |- valign=top | [[बोत्स्वाना]] |'''[[:en:Botswana]]''' |Republic of Botswana |''Tswana'': Botswana<br>''English'': Botswana |- valign=top | [[ब्राज़ील]] |'''[[:en:Brazil]]'''^[[#Notes|3]] |Federative Republic of Brazil |''Portuguese'': Brasil |- valign=top | [[ब्रुनेई]] |'''[[:en:Brunei]]''' |Brunei Darussalam |''Malay'': Brunei |- valign=top | [[बुल्गारिया]] |'''[[:en:Bulgaria]]''' |Republic of Bulgaria |''Bulgarian'': B&#0259;lgarija / &#1041;&#1098;&#1083;&#1075;&#1072;&#1088;&#1080;&#1103; |- valign=top | [[बर्किना फ़ासो]] |'''[[:en:Burkina Faso]]''' |Burkina Faso |''French'': Burkina Faso |- valign=top | [[बुरुन्डी]] |'''[[:en:Burundi]]''' |Republic of Burundi |''Kirundi'': Uburundi<br>''French'': Burundi |- valign=top | [[कम्बोडिया]] |'''[[:en:Cambodia]]''' |Kingdom of Cambodia |''Cambodian'': Kampuchea / &#6016;&#6040;&#6098;&#6038;&#6075;&#6023;&#6070; |- valign=top | [[कैमरून]] |'''[[:en:Cameroon]]''' |Republic of Cameroon |''French'': Cameroun<br>''English'': Cameroon |- valign=top | [[कनाडा]] |'''[[:en:Canada]]'''^[[#Notes|3]] |Canada |''English'': Canada<br>''French'': Canada |- valign=top | [[केप वर्दे]] |'''[[:en:Cape Verde]]''' |Republic of Cape Verde |''Portugese'': Cabo Verde |- valign=top | [[सेन्ट्रल अफ़्रीकन रिपब्लिक]] |'''[[:en:Central African Republic]]''' |Central African Republic |''French'': République Centrafricaine<br>''Sango'': Ködörösêse tî Bêafrîka |- valign=top | [[चैड]] |'''[[:en:Chad]]''' |Republic of Chad |''French'': Tchad<br>''Arabic'': Ta&#353;&#257;d / &#1578;&#1588;&#1575;&#1583; |- valign=top | [[चिली]] |'''[[:en:Chile]]''' |Republic of Chile |''Spanish'': Chile |- valign=top | [[चीन]] |'''[[:en:People's Republic of China|China (PRC)]]'''^[[#Notes|4]] |People's Republic of China |''Chinese'': Zh&#333;ngguó / &#20013;&#22283; |- valign=top | [[कोलम्बिया]] |'''[[:en:Colombia]]''' |Republic of Colombia |''Spanish'': Colombia |- valign=top | [[कोमोरोस]] |'''[[:en:Comoros]]'''^[[#Notes|3]] |Union of the Comoros |''French'': Comores<br>''Comorian'': Komori<br>''Arabic'': Qumur / &#1602;&#1605;&#1585; |- valign=top | [[कांगो]] |'''[[:en:Democratic Republic of the Congo|Congo]]'''-''Kinshasa'' |Democratic Republic of Congo |''French'': Congo |- valign=top | [[कॉन्गो]] |'''[[:en:Republic of the Congo|Congo]]'''-''Brazzaville'' |Republic of Congo |''French'': Congo |- valign=top | [[कोस्टा रीका]] |'''[[:en:Costa Rica]]''' |Republic of Costa Rica |''Spanish'': Costa Rica |- valign=top | [[कोटे ड आइवोरे]] |'''[[:en:Côte d'Ivoire]]'''^{[[#Notes|10]]} |Republic of Côte d'Ivore |''French'': Côte d'Ivoire |- valign=top | [[क्रोएशिया]] |'''[[:en:Croatia]]''' |Republic of Croatia |''Croatian'': Hrvatska |- valign=top | [[क्यूबा]] |'''[[:en:Cuba]]''' |Republic of Cuba |''Spanish'': Cuba |- valign=top | [[सायप्रस]] |'''[[:en:Cyprus]]'''^[[#Notes|1]] |Republic of Cyprus |''Greek'': Kypros / &#922;&#965;&#960;&#961;&#959;&#962;<br>''Turkish'': K&#305;br&#305;s |- valign=top | [[चेक रिपब्लिक]] |'''[[:en:Czech Republic]]'''^{[[#Notes|12]]} |Czech Republic |''Czech'': &#268;esko |- valign=top | [[डेनमार्क]] |'''[[:en:Denmark]]'''^[[#Notes|2]] |Kingdom of Denmark |''Danish'': Danmark |- valign=top | [[जिबूती]] |'''[[:en:Djibouti]]''' |Republic of Djibouti |''French:''Djibouti<br>''Arabic'': Jibuti / &#1580;&#1610;&#1576;&#1608;&#1578;&#1610; |- valign=top | [[डॉमिनिका]] |'''[[:en:Dominica]]''' |Commonwealth of Dominica |''English'': Dominica |- valign=top | |'''[[:en:Dominican Republic]]''' |Dominican Republic |''Spanish'': Republica Dominicana |- valign=top | [[ईस्ट तिमोर]] |'''[[:en:East Timor]]''' |Democratic Republic of East Timor |''Tetum'': Timor Lorosa'e<br>''Portuguese'': Timor-Leste |- valign=top | [[एक़्वेडॉर]] |'''[[:en:Ecuador]]''' |Republic of Ecuador |''Spanish'': Ecuador |- valign=top | [[मिस्त्र]] |'''[[:en:Egypt]]''' |Arab Republic of Egypt |''Arabic'': al-Mi&#351;r / &#1605;&#1589;&#1585; |- valign=top | [[एल सेल्वडॉर]] |'''[[:en:El Salvador]]''' |Republic of El Salvador |''Spanish'': El Salvador |- valign=top | [[ईक्वीटोरियल गीनिया]] |'''[[:en:Equatorial Guinea]]''' |Republic of Equatorial Guinea |''Spanish'': Guinea Ecuatorial |- valign=top | [[ईरीट्रिया]] |'''[[:en:Eritrea]]''' |State of Eritrea |''Tigrinya'': Ertra - &#4772;&#4653;&#4725;&#4651;<br>Ir&#299;triy&#257; /''Arabic'': &#1573;&#1585;&#1610;&#1578;&#1585;&#1610;&#1575; |- valign=top | [[एस्तोनिया]] |'''[[:en:Estonia]]''' |Republic of Estonia |''Estonian'': Eesti |- valign=top | [[इथियोपिया]] |'''[[:en:Ethiopia]]'''^[[#Notes|3]] |Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia |''Amharic'': Ityop'ia / &#4770;&#4725;&#4846;&#4917;&#4843; |- valign=top | [[फ़िजी]] |'''[[:en:Fiji]]'''^[[#Notes|4]] |Republic of the Fiji Islands |''English'': Fiji<br>''Fijian'': Viti |- valign=top | [[फिन्लैण्ड]] |'''[[:en:Finland]]'''^[[#Notes|4]] |Republic of Finland |''Finnish'': Suomi<br>''Swedish'': Finland |- valign=top | [[फ्रांस]] |'''[[:en:France]]'''^[[#Notes|2]] |French Republic |''French'': France |- valign=top | [[गैबॉन]] |'''[[:en:Gabon]]''' |Gabonese Republic |''French'': Gabon |- valign=top | [[गाम्बिया]] |'''[[:en:The Gambia]]''' |Republic of the Gambia |''English'': The Gambia |- valign=top | [[जोर्जिया]] |'''[[:en:Georgia (country)|Georgia]]'''^{[[#Notes|1]],[[#Notes|4]]} |Georgia |''Georgian'': Sak'art'velo / &#4321;&#4304;&#4325;&#4304;&#4320;&#4311;&#4309;&#4308;&#4314;&#4317; |- valign=top | [[जर्मनी]] |'''[[:en:Germany]]'''^[[#Notes|3]] |Federal Republic of Germany |''German'': Deutschland |- valign=top | [[घाना]] |'''[[:en:Ghana]]''' |Republic of Ghana |''English'': Ghana |- valign=top | [[ग्रीस]] |'''[[:en:Greece]]'''^[[#Notes|4]] |Greek Republic |''Greek'':'Ellas / 'E&#955;&#955;&#945;&#962; |- valign=top | [[ग्रेनाडा]] |'''[[:en:Grenada]]'''^[[#Notes|4]] |Grenada |''English'': Grenada |- valign=top | [[ग्वाटेमाला]] |'''[[:en:Guatemala]]''' |Republic of Guatemala |''Spanish'': Guatemala |- valign=top | [[गीनिया]] |'''[[:en:Guinea]]''' |Republic of Guinea |''French'': Guinée |- valign=top | |'''[[:en:Guinea-Bissau]]''' |Republic of Guinea-Bissau |''Portuguese'': Guiné-Bissau |- valign=top |[[गुयाना]] |'''[[:en:Guyana]] |Co-operative Republic of Guyana |''English'': Guyana |- valign=top | |'''[[:en:Haiti]]''' |Republic of Haiti |''French'': Haïti<br>''Haitian Creole'': Ayiti |- valign=top | |'''[[:en:Honduras]]''' |Republic of Honduras |''Spanish'': Honduras |- valign=top |[[हंगरी]] |'''[[:en:Hungary]]''' |Republic of Hungary |''Hungarian'': Magyarország |- valign=top | |'''[[:en:Iceland]]''' |Republic of Iceland |''Icelandic'': Ísland |- valign=top | [[भारत]] |'''[[:en:India]]'''^[[#Notes|3]] |Republic of India |''Hindi'': Bharat / &#2349;&#2366;&#2352;&#2340;<br>''English'': India |- valign=top |[[इंडोनिशया]] |'''[[:en:Indonesia]]''' |Republic of Indonesia |''Indonesian'': Indonesia |- valign=top | [[ईरान]] |'''[[:en:Iran]]''' |Islamic Republic of Iran |''Farsi'': &#298;r&#257;n / &#1575;&#1740;&#1585;&#1575;&#1606; |- valign=top | [[ईराक]] |'''[[:en:Iraq]]''' |Republic of Iraq |''Arabic'': Al-&#703;&#298;r&#257;q / &#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1740;&#1585;&#1575;&#1602;<br>''Kurdish'': &#703;Îraq / &#1593;&#1740;&#1585;&#1575;&#1602; |- valign=top |[[आयरलैंड]] |'''[[:en:Republic of Ireland|Ireland, Republic of]]''' |Republic of Ireland |''English'': Ireland<br>''Irish'': [[Éire]] |- valign=top | [[इसराइल]] |'''[[:en:Israel]]''' |State of Israel |''Hebrew'': Yisra'el / &#1497;&#1513;&#1512;&#1488;&#1500;<br>''Arabic'': Isra'il / &#1575;&#1587;&#1585;&#1575;&#1574;&#1610;&#1604; |- valign=top |[[इटली]] |'''[[:en:Italy]]''' |Italian Republic |''Italian'': Italia |- valign=top |[[जमैका]] |'''[[:en:Jamaica]]''' |Jamaica |''English'': Jamaica |- valign=top | [[जापान]] |'''[[:en:Japan]]''' |Japan |''Japanese'': Nihon-koku / &#26085;&#26412;&#22269; |- valign=top | [[जार्डन]] |'''[[:en:Jordan]]''' |Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan |''Arabic'': Al-Urdun / &#1575;&#1604;&#1575;&#1585;&#1583;&#1606; |- valign=top |[[कज़ाकिस्तान]] |'''[[:en:Kazakhstan]]''' |Republic of Kazakhstan |''Kazakh'': Qazaqstan / &#1178;&#1072;&#1079;&#1072;&#1179;&#1089;&#1090;&#1072;&#1085;<br>''Russian'': Kazachstan / &#1050;&#1072;&#1079;&#1072;&#1093;&#1089;&#1090;&#1072;&#1085; |- valign=top |[[केन्या]] |'''[[:en:Kenya]]''' |Republic of Kenya |''English'': Kenya<br>''Swahili'': Kenya |- valign=top | |'''[[:en:Kiribati]]''' |Republic of Kiribati |''Kiribati'': Kiribati<br>''English'': Kiribati |- valign=top |[[उत्तर कोरिया]] |'''[[:en:North Korea|Korea]]''' ''(North)'' |Democratic People's Republic of Korea |''Korean'': Chos&#335;n / &#51312;&#49440; |- valign=top |[[दक्षिण कोरिया]] |'''[[:en:South Korea|Korea]]''' ''(South)'' |Republic of Korea |''Korean'': Hanguk / &#45824;&#54620; |- valign=top |[[कुवैत]] |'''[[:en:Kuwait]]''' |State of Kuwait |''Arabic'': Al-Kuwayt / &#1575;&#1604;&#1603;&#1608;&#1610;&#1578; |- valign=top | |'''[[:en:Kyrgyzstan]]''' |Kyrgyz Republic |''Kyrgyz'': Kyrgyzstan / &#1050;&#1099;&#1088;&#1075;&#1099;&#1079;&#1089;&#1090;&#1072;&#1085;<br>''Russian'': Kyrgyzstan / &#1050;&#1099;&#1088;&#1075;&#1099;&#1079;&#1089;&#1090;&#1072;&#1085; |- valign=top | |'''[[:en:Laos]]''' |Lao People's Democratic Republic |''Laotian'': Lao / &#3737;&#3749;&#3762;&#3751; |- valign=top | |'''[[:en:Latvia]]''' |Republic of Latvia |''Latvian'': Latvija |- valign=top | |'''[[:en:Lebanon]]''' |Republic of Lebanon |''Arabic'': Lubn&#257;n / &#1604;&#1576;&#1606;&#1575;&#1606; |- valign=top | |'''[[:en:Lesotho]]''' |Kingdom of Lesotho |''English'': Lesotho<br>''Sotho'': Lesotho |- valign=top | |'''[[:en:Liberia]]''' |Republic of Liberia |''English'': Liberia |- valign=top | |'''[[:en:Libya]]''' |Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya |''Arabic'': L&#299;biyyah / &#1604;&#1610;&#1576;&#1610;&#1577; |- valign=top | [[लीष्टनस्टाइन]] |'''[[:en:Liechtenstein]]''' |Principality of Liechtenstein |''German'': Liechtenstein |- valign=top |[[लिथुआनिया]] |'''[[:en:Lithuania]]''' |Republic of Lithuania |''Lithuanian'': Lietuva |- valign=top |[[लुक्सम्बूर्ग]] |'''[[:en:Luxembourg]]''' |Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg |''Luxembourgian'': Lëtzebuerg<br>''French'': Luxembourg<br>''German'': Luxemburg |- valign=top | |'''[[:en:Republic of Macedonia|Macedonia (FYROM)]]'''^[[#Notes|5]] |Republic of Macedonia |''Macedonian'': Makedonija / &#1052;&#1072;&#1082;&#1077;&#1076;&#1086;&#1085;&#1080;&#1112;&#1072;<br>''Albanian'': Maqedoni |- valign=top |[[माडागास्कार]] |'''[[:en:Madagascar]]''' |Republic of Madagascar |''Malagasy'': Madagasikara<br>''French'': Madagascar |- valign=top |[[मालावी]] |'''[[:en:Malawi]]''' |Republic of Malawi |''English'': Malawi<br>''Chewa'': Mala&#373;i |- valign=top |[[मलेशिया]] |'''[[:en:Malaysia]]'''^[[#Notes|3]] |Federation of Malaysia |''Malay'': Malaysia |- valign=top |[[मालदीव]] |'''[[:en:Maldives]]''' |Republic of Maldives |''Divehi'': Divehi R&#257;jje / &#1934;&#1962;&#1942;&#1965;&#1927;&#1968;&#1923;&#1959; &#1940;&#1959;&#1927;&#1968;&#1923;&#1960;&#1920;&#1963;&#1929;&#1968;&#1942;&#1962; |- valign=top |[[माली]] |'''[[:en:Mali]]''' |Republic of Mali |''French'': Mali |- valign=top |[[माल्टा]] |'''[[:en:Malta]]''' |Republic of Malta |''Maltese'': Malta |- valign=top | |'''[[:en:Marshall Islands]]''' |Republic of the Marshall Islands |''English'': Marshall Islands |- valign=top | |'''[[:en:Mauritania]]''' |Islamic Republic of Mauritania |''Arabic'': M&#363;r&#299;t&#257;niyyah / &#1605;&#1608;&#1585;&#1610;&#1578;&#1575;&#1606;&#1610;&#1577;<br>''French'': Mauritanie |- valign=top |[[मारीशस]] |'''[[:en:Mauritius]]''' |Republic of Mauritius |''ENglish'': Mauritius<br>''French'': Maurice |- valign=top |[[मेक्सिको]] |'''[[:en:Mexico]]'''^[[#Notes|3]] |United Mexican States |''Spanish'': México |- valign=top | |'''[[:en:Federated States of Micronesia|Micronesia]]'''^[[#Notes|3]] |Federated States of Micronesia |''English'': Micronesia |- valign=top | |'''[[:en:Moldova]]'''^{[[#Notes|1]],[[#Notes|4]]} |Republic of Moldova |''Romanian/Moldovan'': Moldova<br>''Russian'': Moldova / &#1052;&#1086;&#1083;&#1076;&#1086;&#1074;&#1072; |- valign=top |[[मोनाको]] |'''[[:en:Monaco]]''' |Principality of Monaco |''French'': Monaco |- valign=top |[[मंगोलिया]] |'''[[:en:Mongolia]]''' |Mongolia |''Mongolian'': Mongol Uls / &#1052;&#1086;&#1085;&#1075;&#1086;&#1083; &#1059;&#1083;&#1089; |- valign=top |[[मोरक्को]] |'''[[:en:Morocco]]'''^[[#Notes|6]] |Kingdom of Morocco |''Arabic'': al-Ma&#289;rib / &#1605;&#1594;&#1585;&#1576; |- valign=top |[[मोजाम्बिक]] |'''[[:en:Mozambique]]''' |Republic of Mozambique |''Portuguese'': Moçambique |- valign=top |[[म्यानमार]] |'''[[:en:Myanmar]]'''^{[[#Notes|11]]} |Union of Myanmar |''Burmese'': Myanma |- valign=top | |''[[:en:Nagorno-Karabakh]]''^[[#Notes|1]] |Nagorno-Karabakh Republic |''Armenian'': Lernayin Gharabagh / &#1340;&#1381;&#1404;&#1398;&#1377;&#1397;&#1387;&#1398; &#1346;&#1377;&#1408;&#1377;&#1378;&#1377;&#1394; |- valign=top |[[नामीबिया]] |'''[[:en:Namibia]]''' |Republic of Namibia |''English'': Namibia |- valign=top | |'''[[:en:Nauru]]''' |Nauru |''Nauran'': Naoero<br>''English'': Nauru |- valign=top | [[नेपाल]] |'''[[:en:Nepal]]''' |Kingdom of Nepal |''Nepali'': Nep&#257;l / &#2344;&#2375;&#2346;&#2366;&#2354; |- valign=top |[[नीदरलैंड]] |'''[[:en:Netherlands]]'''^[[#Notes|2]] |Kingdom of the Netherlands |''Dutch'': Nederland |- valign=top |[[न्यूजीलैंड]] |'''[[:en:New Zealand]]'''^[[#Notes|2]] |New Zealand |''English'': New Zealand<br>''Maori'': Aotearoa |- valign=top |[[निकरागुआ]] |'''[[:en:Nicaragua]]''' |Republic of Nicaragua |''Spanish'': Nicaragua |- valign=top | |'''[[:en:Niger]]''' |Republic of Niger |''French'': Niger |- valign=top |[[नाइजीरिया]] |'''[[:en:Nigeria]]'''^[[#Notes|3]] |Federal Republic of Nigeria |''English'': Nigeria |- valign=top | |''[[:en:Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus|Northern Cyprus]]''^[[#Notes|1]] |Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus |''Turkish'': Kuzey K&#305;br&#305;s |- valign=top | |'''[[:en:Norway]]'''^[[#Notes|2]] |Kingdom of Norway |''Norwegian (bokmål)'': Norge<br>''Norwegian (nynorsk)'': Noreg<br> |- valign=top | |'''[[:en:Oman]]''' |Sultanate of Oman |''Arabic'': &#703;Umm&#257;n / &#1593;&#1605;&#1575;&#1606; |- valign=top | [[पाकिस्तान]] |'''[[:en:Pakistan]]''' |Islamic Republic of Pakistan |Islami Jamhuriye Pakistan |''Urdu'': P&#257;kist&#257;n / &#1662;&#1575;&#1705;&#1587;&#1578;&#1575;&#1606; |- valign=top | |'''[[:en:Palau]]''' |Republic of Palau |''Palauan'': Belau<br>''English'': Palau |- valign=top | |''[[:en:Palestine]]''^[[#Notes|7]] |State of Palestine |''Arabic'': Filast&#299;n / &#1601;&#1604;&#1587;&#1591;&#1610;&#1606; |- valign=top | |'''[[:en:Panama]]''' |Republic of Panama |''Spanish'': Panamá |- valign=top | |'''[[:en:Papua New Guinea]]''' |Papua New Guinea |''English'': Papua New Guinea |- valign=top | |'''[[:en:Paraguay]]''' |Republic of Paraguay |''Spanish'': Paraguay<br>''Guarani'': Paraguái |- valign=top |[[पेरू]] |'''[[:en:Peru]]''' |Republic of Peru |''Spanish'': Perú |- valign=top | |'''[[:en:Philippines]]''' |Republic of the Philippines |''Pilipino'': Pilipinas<br>''English'': Philippines |- valign=top |[[पोलैंड]] |'''[[:en:Poland]]''' |Republic of Poland |''Polish'': Polska |- valign=top |[[पुर्तगाल]] |'''[[:en:Portugal]]'''^[[#Notes|4]] |Portuguese Republic |''Portuguese'': Portugal |- valign=top |[[कतर]] |'''[[:en:Qatar]]''' |State of Qatar |''Arabic'': Qa&#7789;ar / &#1602;&#1591;&#1585; |- valign=top | |'''[[:en:Romania]]''' |Romania |''Romanian'': România |- valign=top |[[रूस]] |'''[[:en:Russia]]'''^[[#Notes|3]] |Russian Federation |''Russian'': Rossija / &#1056;&#1086;&#1089;&#1089;&#1080;&#1103; |- valign=top |[[रवांडा]] |'''[[:en:Rwanda]] |Republic of Rwanda |''Rwandese'': Urwanda''<br>''French'': Rwanda |- valign=top | |''[[:en:Western Sahara|Sahara]]''^[[#Notes|6]] ''(Western)'' |Democratic Arab Republic of Sahara |''Arabic'': Al-Sa&#7717;r&#257;wiyyah / &#1589;&#1581;&#1585;&#1575;&#1608;&#1610;&#1577; |- valign=top | |'''[[:en:Saint Kitts and Nevis]]'''^[[#Notes|4]] |Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis |''English'': Saint Kitts and Nevis |- valign=top | |'''[[:en:Saint Lucia]]''' |Saint Lucia |''English'': Saint Lucia |- valign=top | |'''[[:en:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]]''' |Saint Vincent and the Grenadines |''English'': Saint Vincent and the Grenadines |- valign=top | |'''[[:en:Samoa]]''' |Independent State of Samoa |''English'': Samoa<br>''Samoan'': Samoa |- valign=top | |'''[[:en:San Marino]]''' |''Italian'': Repubblica di San Marino |San Marino |- valign=top | |'''[[:en:São Tomé and Príncipe]]'''^[[#Notes|4]] |Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe |''Portuguese'': São Tomé e Príncipe |- valign=top | [[सऊदी अरब]] |'''[[:en:Saudi Arabia]]''' |Kingdom of Saudi Arabia |''Arabic'': Al-&#703;Arabiyyah as-Sa&#703;&#363;diyyah / &#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1585;&#1576;&#1610;&#1577; &#1575;&#1604;&#1587;&#1593;&#1608;&#1583;&#1610;&#1577; |- valign=top |[[सेनेगल]] |'''[[:en:Senegal]]''' |Republic of Senegal |''French'': Sénégal |- valign=top | |'''[[:en:Serbia and Montenegro]]'''^{[[#Notes|3]],[[#Notes|4]],[[#Notes|8]]} |State Community of Serbia and Montenegro |''Serbian'': Srbija i Crna Gora / &#1057;&#1088;&#1073;&#1080;&#1112;&#1072; &#1080; &#1062;&#1088;&#1085;&#1072; &#1043;&#1086;&#1088;&#1072; |- valign=top | |'''[[:en:Seychelles]]''' |Republic of Seychelles |''English'': Seychelles<br>''French'': Seychelles<br>''Seselwa'': Sesel |- valign=top | |'''[[:en:Sierra Leone]]''' |Republic of Sierra Leone |''English'': Sierra Leone |- valign=top |[[सिंगापुर]] |'''[[:en:Singapore]]''' |Republic of Singapore |''Malay'': Singapura<br>''Chinese'': Xinjiapo / &#26032;&#21152;&#22369;<br>''Tamil'': &#268;i&#7749;kapp&#363;r / &#2970;&#3007;&#2969;&#3021;&#2965;&#2986;&#3021;&#2986;&#3010;&#2992;&#3021;<br>''English'': Singapore |- valign=top |[[स्लोवाकिया]] |'''[[:en:Slovakia]]''' |Slovak Republic |''Slovak'': Slovensko |- valign=top |[[स्लोवेनिया]] |'''[[:en:Slovenia]]''' |Republic of Slovenia |''Slovenian'': Slovenija |- valign=top | |'''[[:en:Solomon Islands]]''' |Solomon Islands |''English'': Solomon Islands |- valign=top |[[सोमालिया]] |'''[[:en:Somalia]]'''^{[[#Notes|1]],[[#Notes|9]]} |Somalia |''Somalian'': Soomaaliya |- valign=top | |''[[:en:Somaliland]]''^[[#Notes|1]] |Republic of Somaliland |''Somalian'': Somaliland |- valign=top |[[दक्षिण अफ्रीका]] |'''[[:en:South Africa]]''' |Republic of South Africa |''English'': South Africa<br>''Afrikaans'': Suid-Afrika<br>''Xhosa'': Mzantsi Afrika<br>''Zulu'': Ningizimu Afrika etc. |- valign=top | |''[[:en:South Ossetia]]''^[[#Notes|1]] |Republic of South Ossetia |''Ossetian'': Xussar Iryston / &#1061;&#1091;&#1089;&#1089;&#1072;&#1088; &#1048;&#1088;&#1099;&#1089;&#1090;&#1086;&#1085;<br>''Russian'': Ju&#382;naja Osetia / &#1070;&#1078;&#1085;&#1072;&#1103; &#1054;&#1089;&#1077;&#1090;&#1080;&#1103; |- valign=top |[[स्पेन]] |'''[[:en:Spain]]'''^[[#Notes|3]] |Kingdom of Spain |''Spanish'': España<br>''Basque'': Espainia<br>''Catalan'': Espanya<br>''Galician'': España |- valign=top |[[श्रीलंका]] |'''[[:en:Sri Lanka]]''' |Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka |''Sinhala'': Sri Lanka<br>''Tamil'': Llankai / &#2951;&#2994;&#2969;&#3021;&#2965;&#3016; |- valign=top |[[सूडन]] |'''[[:en:Sudan]]''' |Republic of the Sudan |''Arabic'': As-S&#363;d&#257;n / &#1575;&#1604;&#1587;&#1608;&#1583;&#1575;&#1606; |- valign=top |[[सूरीनाम]] |'''[[:en:Suriname]]''' |Republic of Suriname |''Dutch'': Suriname |- valign=top |[[स्वाजीलैंड]] |'''[[:en:Swaziland]]''' |Kingdom of Swaziland |''English'': Swaziland<br>''Swazi'': eSwatini |- valign=top |[[स्वेडन]] |'''[[:en:Sweden]]''' |Kingdom of Sweden |''Swedish'': Sverige |- valign=top |[[स्वीटजरलैंड]] |'''[[:en:Switzerland]]'''^[[#Notes|3]] |Swiss Confederation |''German'': Schweiz<br>''French'': Suisse<br>''Italian'': Svizzera<br>''Raeto-Romance'': Svizra |- valign=top |[[सीरिया]] |'''[[:en:Syria]]''' |Syrian Arab Republic |''Arabic'': S&#363;riyyah / &#1587;&#1608;&#1585;&#1610;&#1577; |- valign=top |[[ताईवान]] |'''[[:en:Republic of China|Taiwan (ROC)]]'''^[[#Notes|1]] |Republic of China |''Chinese'': Táiw&#257;n / &#21488;&#28286;<br>''(official: JhongHuá MínGuó / &#20013;&#33775;&#27665;&#22283;)'' |- valign=top | |'''[[:en:Tajikistan]]'''^[[#Notes|4]] |Republic of Tajikistan |''Tajik'': Tojikistan / &#1058;&#1086;&#1207;&#1080;&#1082;&#1080;&#1089;&#1090;&#1086;&#1085; |- valign=top |[[तंजानिया]] |'''[[:en:Tanzania]]''' |United Republic of Tanzania |''Swahili'': Tanzania<br>''English'': Tanzania |- valign=top |[[थाईलैंड]] |'''[[:en:Thailand]]''' |Kingdom of Thailand |''Thai'': Prath&#275;t Thai / &#3619;&#3634;&#3594;&#3629;&#3634;&#3603;&#3634;&#3592;&#3633;&#3585;&#3619;&#3652;&#3607;&#3618; |- valign=top | |'''[[:en:Togo]]''' |Togolese Republic |''French'': Togo |- valign=top | |'''[[:en:Tonga]]''' |Kingdom of Tonga |''Tongan'': Tonga<br>''English'': Tonga |- valign=top | |''[[:en:Transnistria]]''^[[#Notes|1]] |Transdniestrian Moldovan Republic |''Russian'': Pridnestrovje / &#1087;p&#1080;&#1076;&#1085;ec&#1090;po&#1074;e<br>''Romanian/Moldovan'': Stînga Nistrului |- valign=top | |'''[[:en:Trinidad and Tobago]]'''^[[#Notes|4]] |Republic of Trinidad and Tobago |''English'': Trinidad and Tobago |- valign=top | [[टुनिशिया]] |'''[[:en:Tunisia]]''' |Republic of Tunisia |''Arabic'': T&#363;nis / &#1578;&#1608;&#1606;&#1587; |- valign=top | [[तुर्की]] |'''[[:en:Turkey]]''' |Republic of Turkey |''Turkish'': Türkiye |- valign=top |[[तुर्कमेनिस्तान]] |'''[[:en:Turkmenistan]]''' |Turkmenistan |''Turkmen'': Türkmenistan |- valign=top | |'''[[:en:Tuvalu]] |Tuvalu |''Tuvaluan'': Tuvalu<br>''English'': Tuvalu |- valign=top |[[युगांडा]] |'''[[:en:Uganda]]''' |Republic of Uganda |''ENglish'': Uganda |- valign=top |[[युक्रेन]] |'''[[:en:Ukraine]]'''^[[#Notes|4]] |Ukraine |''Ukrainian'': Ukrajina / &#1059;&#1082;&#1088;&#1072;&#1111;&#1085;&#1072; |- valign=top |[[संयुक्त अरब अमीरात]] |'''[[:en:United Arab Emirates]]'''^[[#Notes|3]] |United Arab Emirates |''Arabic'': Al-Imarat Al-Arabiyah Al-Muttahidah / &#1575;&#1604;&#1573;&#1605;&#1575;&#1585;&#1575;&#1578; &#1575;&#1604;&#1593;&#1585;&#1576;&#1610;&#1617;&#1577; &#1575;&#1604;&#1605;&#1578;&#1617;&#1581;&#1583;&#1577; |- valign=top |[[संयुक्त साम्राज्य]] |'''[[:en:United Kingdom]]'''^{[[#Notes|2]],[[#Notes|3]]} |United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland |''English'': United Kingdom |- valign=top |[[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका]] |'''[[:en:United States]]'''^{[[#Notes|2]],[[#Notes|3]]} |United States of America |''English'': United States |- valign=top |[[उरुग्वे]] |'''[[:en:Uruguay]]''' |Eastern Republic of Uruguay |''Spanish'': Uruguay |- valign=top |[[उज़बेकिस्तान]] |'''[[:en:Uzbekistan]]'''^[[#Notes|4]] |Republic of Uzbekistan |''Uzbek'': O'zbekiston |- valign=top |[[वानुअटू]] |'''[[:en:Vanuatu]]''' |Republic of Vanuatu |''Bislama'': Vanuatu<br>''English'': Vanuatu<br>''French'': Vanuatu |- valign=top | |'''[[:en:Vatican City]]''' |State of the City of the Vatican |''Italian'': Città del Vaticano (''Holy See''^[[#Notes|9]] ) |- valign=top | |'''[[:en:Venezuela]] ^[[#Notes|3]] |Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela |''Spanish'': Venezuela |- valign=top | |'''[[:en:Vietnam]]''' |Socialist Republic of Vietnam |''Vietnamese'': Vi&#7879;t Nam |- valign=top |[[यमन]] |'''[[:en:Yemen]]''' |Republic of Yemen |''Arabic'': Al-Yaman / &#1575;&#1604;&#1610;&#1605;&#1606; |- valign=top | |'''[[:en:Zambia]]''' |Republic of Zambia |''English'': Zambia |- valign=top | |'''[[:en:Zimbabwe]]''' |Republic of Zimbabwe |''English'': Zimbabwe |} [[De:Land]] [[El:Χώρα]] [[En:country]] [[Es:país]] [[Ja:国]] [[pl:Kraj]] [[simple:Country]] [[ru:Страна]] [[hi:देश]] 4700 12972 2006-12-18T23:23:39Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: bs, cs, de, es, fi, fr, he, hr, id, it, ja, nl, nn, no, pl, pt, ru, sk, sl, sv, tr, zh '''सेम्येल टेलर कोलरिज''' (१७७२-१८३४) कवि आसीत्। [[विलियम वर्ड्सवर्थ]] के साथ उन्होंने रोमांटिक परम्परा की नींव रखी। [[bs:Samuel Taylor Coleridge]] [[cs:Samuel Taylor Coleridge]] [[de:Samuel Taylor Coleridge]] [[en:Samuel Taylor Coleridge]] [[es:Samuel Taylor Coleridge]] [[fi:Samuel Taylor Coleridge]] [[fr:Samuel Taylor Coleridge]] [[he:סמואל טיילור קולרידג']] [[hi:सेम्येल टेलर कोलरिज]] [[hr:Samuel Taylor Coleridge]] [[id:Samuel Taylor Coleridge]] [[it:Samuel Taylor Coleridge]] [[ja:サミュエル・テイラー・コールリッジ]] [[nl:Samuel Taylor Coleridge]] [[nn:Samuel Taylor Coleridge]] [[no:Samuel Taylor Coleridge]] [[pl:Samuel Taylor Coleridge]] [[pt:Samuel Taylor Coleridge]] [[ru:Кольридж, Сэмюэл Тейлор]] [[sk:Samuel Taylor Coleridge]] [[sl:Samuel Taylor Coleridge]] [[sv:Samuel Taylor Coleridge]] [[tr:Samuel Taylor Coleridge]] [[zh:柯爾律治]] 4701 12947 2006-12-18T22:34:05Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: bs, cs, cy, de, es, fi, fr, he, it, ja, ml, nl, nn, no, pl, pt, ro, ru, sk, sv, zh [[Image:William Wordsworth - Project Gutenberg eText 12933.jpg|thumb|'''विलियम वर्ड्सवर्थ''', आङ्ग्ल भाषास्य सुविख्यात कवि]] '''विलियम वर्ड्सवर्थ''' (१७७०-१८५०) आङ्ग्ल भाषास्य सुविख्यात कवि आसीत्। प्रकृतिवादस्य प्रमुख प्रवक्ता । [[सेम्येल टेलर कोलरिज]] [[:en:Samuel Taylor Coleridge]] के साथ उन्होंने रोमांटिक (Romantic) परम्परा की नींव रखी। [[bs:William Wordsworth]] [[cs:William Wordsworth]] [[cy:William Wordsworth]] [[de:William Wordsworth]] [[en:William Wordsworth]] [[es:William Wordsworth]] [[fi:William Wordsworth]] [[fr:William Wordsworth]] [[he:ויליאם וורדסוורת']] [[hi:विलियम वर्ड्सवर्थ]] [[it:William Wordsworth]] [[ja:ウィリアム・ワーズワース]] [[ml:വില്യം വേഡ്‌സ്‌വര്‍ത്ത്‌]] [[nl:William Wordsworth]] [[nn:William Wordsworth]] [[no:William Wordsworth]] [[pl:William Wordsworth]] [[pt:William Wordsworth]] [[ro:William Wordsworth]] [[ru:Вордсворт, Вильям]] [[sk:William Wordsworth]] [[sv:William Wordsworth]] [[zh:华兹华斯]] 4702 12673 2006-12-15T04:40:23Z Escarbot 175 robot Adding: br, cs, cy, de, eo, es, fi, fr, he, hu, it, ja, nl, no, pl, pt, ru, sl, sv, ta, tr, zh [[Image:john_keats.JPG|thumb|160px|right|जान कीट्स]] '''जान कीट्स''' (१७९५-१८२१) सः आङ्ग्ल भाषास्य प्रमुख कवि। [[br:John Keats]] [[cs:John Keats]] [[cy:John Keats]] [[de:John Keats]] [[en:John Keats]] [[eo:John Keats]] [[es:John Keats]] [[fi:John Keats]] [[fr:John Keats]] [[he:ג'ון קיטס]] [[hi:जान कीट्स]] [[hu:John Keats]] [[it:John Keats]] [[ja:ジョン・キーツ]] [[nl:John Keats]] [[no:John Keats]] [[pl:John Keats]] [[pt:John Keats]] [[ru:Китс, Джон]] [[sl:John Keats]] [[sv:John Keats]] [[ta:ஜோன் கீற்ஸ்]] [[tr:John Keats]] [[zh:济慈]] 4703 12881 2006-12-18T18:55:35Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: bg, br, cs, cy, da, de, eo, es, et, fr, gl, he, it, ja, mk, nl, no, pl, pt, ru, sk, sv, tr, zh [[Image:Portrait of Percy Bysshe Shelley by Curran, 1819.jpg|thumb|right|पर्सी बिश शेली]] '''पर्सी बिश शेली''' (१७९२-१८२२) आङ्ग्ल भाषास्य प्रमुख कवि आसीत्। [[bg:Пърси Шели]] [[br:Percy B. Shelley]] [[cs:Percy Bysshe Shelley]] [[cy:Percy Bysshe Shelley]] [[da:Percy Bysshe Shelley]] [[de:Percy Bysshe Shelley]] [[en:Percy Bysshe Shelley]] [[eo:Percy Bysshe Shelley]] [[es:Percy Bysshe Shelley]] [[et:Percy Shelley]] [[fr:Percy Bysshe Shelley]] [[gl:Percy Bysshe Shelley]] [[he:פרסי ביש שלי]] [[hi:पर्सी बिश शेली]] [[it:Percy Bysshe Shelley]] [[ja:パーシー・ビッシュ・シェリー]] [[mk:Перси Биш Шели]] [[nl:Percy Bysshe Shelley]] [[no:Percy Bysshe Shelley]] [[pl:Percy Bysshe Shelley]] [[pt:Percy Bysshe Shelley]] [[ru:Шелли, Перси Биши]] [[sk:Percy Bysshe Shelley]] [[sv:Percy Bysshe Shelley]] [[tr:Percy Bysshe Shelley]] [[zh:雪萊]] 4704 12640 2006-12-13T12:43:40Z Escarbot 175 robot Adding: bg, bn, bs, ca, cs, da, de, eo, es, eu, fi, fr, gl, he, hr, hu, is, it, ja, ka, lt, lv, mk, nl, no, pl, pt, ro, ru, sk, sl, sq, sr, sv, tr, uk, ur, zh Modifying: en [[Image:George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron - Project Gutenberg eText 13619.jpg|thumbnail|right|210px|जार्ज बैरन]] '''जार्ज बैरन''' (१७८८-१८२४) [[इङ्ग्लिश|आङ्ग्ल]] भाषास्य प्रमुख कवि आसीत्। [[bg:Джордж Байрон]] [[bn:লর্ড বায়রন]] [[bs:George Gordon Byron]] [[ca:Lord Byron]] [[cs:George Gordon Byron]] [[da:Lord Byron]] [[de:George Gordon Byron]] [[en:George Byron, 6th Baron Byron]] [[eo:George Byron]] [[es:Lord Byron]] [[eu:Lord Byron]] [[fi:George Gordon Byron]] [[fr:Lord Byron]] [[gl:Lord Byron]] [[he:ג'ורג' ביירון]] [[hi:जार्ज बैरन]] [[hr:George Gordon Byron]] [[hu:George Byron]] [[is:Byron lávarður]] [[it:George Gordon Byron]] [[ja:ジョージ・ゴードン・バイロン]] [[ka:ბაირონი, ჯორჯ ნოელ გორდონ]] [[lt:Džordžas Baironas]] [[lv:Bairons]] [[mk:Џорџ Гордон Бајрон]] [[nl:Lord Byron]] [[no:George Gordon Byron, 6. baron Byron]] [[pl:George Gordon Byron]] [[pt:Lord Byron]] [[ro:George Gordon Byron]] [[ru:Байрон, Джордж Ноэль Гордон]] [[sk:George Gordon Byron]] [[sl:George Noel Gordon Byron]] [[sq:George Gordon Byron]] [[sr:Џорџ Гордон Бајрон]] [[sv:George Gordon Byron]] [[tr:Lord Byron]] [[uk:Байрон Джордж Гордон]] [[ur:لارڈ بائرن]] [[zh:拜伦]] 4705 12938 2006-12-18T22:13:02Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: ar, bg, bs, ca, cs, cv, cy, da, de, el, eo, es, et, eu, fa, fi, ga, he, hr, hu, id, io, is, it, ja, ka, ko, lb, lt, lv, mk, nl, no, nrm, pl, pt, ro, ru, scn, simple, sk, sl, sr, sv, tr, uk, vi, zh [[Image: Victor Hugo.jpg|thumbnail|right|''विक्टर ह्यूगो, 1883'']] '''विक्टर ह्यूगो''' (१८०२-१८८५) [[फ्रांस|फ्रांसीसी]] भाषास्य प्रमुख [[कवि]] उपन्यासकार च आसीत्। [[ar:فيكتور هوجو]] [[bg:Виктор Юго]] [[bs:Victor Hugo]] [[ca:Victor Hugo]] [[cs:Victor Hugo]] [[cv:Виктор Гюго]] [[cy:Victor Hugo]] [[da:Victor Hugo]] [[de:Victor Hugo]] [[el:Βίκτωρ Ουγκώ]] [[en:Victor Hugo]] [[eo:Victor Hugo]] [[es:Victor Hugo]] [[et:Victor Hugo]] [[eu:Victor Hugo]] [[fa:ویکتور هوگو]] [[fi:Victor Hugo]] [[fr:Victor Hugo]] [[ga:Victor Hugo]] [[he:ויקטור הוגו]] [[hi:विक्टर ह्यूगो]] [[hr:Victor Hugo]] [[hu:Victor Hugo]] [[id:Victor Hugo]] [[io:Victor Hugo]] [[is:Victor Hugo]] [[it:Victor Hugo]] [[ja:ヴィクトル・ユーゴー]] [[ka:ჰიუგო, ვიქტორ]] [[ko:빅토르 위고]] [[lb:Victor Hugo]] [[lt:Viktoras Hugo]] [[lv:Viktors Igo]] [[mk:Виктор Иго]] [[nl:Victor Hugo]] [[no:Victor Hugo]] [[nrm:Victor Hugo]] [[pl:Victor Hugo]] [[pt:Victor Hugo]] [[ro:Victor Hugo]] [[ru:Гюго, Виктор Мари]] [[scn:Victor Hugo]] [[simple:Victor Hugo]] [[sk:Victor Hugo]] [[sl:Victor Hugo]] [[sr:Виктор Иго]] [[sv:Victor Hugo]] [[tr:Victor Hugo]] [[uk:Гюґо Віктор-Марі]] [[vi:Victor Hugo]] [[zh:维克多·雨果]] 4706 12672 2006-12-15T03:59:02Z Escarbot 175 robot Adding: af, als, ar, ast, be, bg, bs, ca, cs, cy, da, eo, es, et, eu, fa, fi, fr, ga, gl, he, hr, hu, id, io, is, it, ja, ka, ko, ku, la, lb, lt, lv, mk, ms, nds, nl, nn, no, pl, pt, qu, ro, ru, scn, sh, simple, sk, sl, sq, sr, sv, th, tr, uk, [[Image:Goethe.png|200px|right|thumb|जोहान वुल्फगांग गेटे]] '''जोहान वुल्फगांग गेटे''' (१७४९-१८३२) [[जर्मनी|जर्मन]] भाषास्य प्रमुख कवि उपन्यासकार च आसीत्। [[af:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] [[als:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] [[ar:يوهان فولفغانغ فون غوته]] [[ast:Goethe]] [[be:Ёган Вольфґанґ фон Ґётэ]] [[bg:Йохан Волфганг фон Гьоте]] [[bs:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] [[ca:Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe]] [[cs:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] [[cy:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] [[da:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] [[de:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] [[en:Johann Wolfgang Goethe]] [[eo:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] [[es:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] [[et:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] [[eu:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] [[fa:یوهان ولفگانگ گوته]] [[fi:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] [[fr:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] [[ga:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] [[gl:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] [[he:יוהן וולפגנג פון גתה]] [[hi:जोहान वुल्फगांग गेटे]] [[hr:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] [[hu:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] [[id:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] [[io:Goethe]] [[is:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] [[it:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] [[ja:ヨハン・ヴォルフガング・フォン・ゲーテ]] [[ka:გოეთე, იოჰან ვოლფგანგ]] [[ko:요한 볼프강 폰 괴테]] [[ku:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] [[la:Ioannes Wolfgang Goethe]] [[lb:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] [[lt:Johanas Volfgangas fon Gėtė]] [[lv:Johans Volfgangs fon Gēte]] [[mk:Јохан Волфганг фон Гете]] [[ms:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] [[nds:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] [[nl:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] [[nn:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] [[no:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] [[pl:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] [[pt:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] [[qu:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] [[ro:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] [[ru:Гёте, Иоганн Вольфганг]] [[scn:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] [[sh:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] [[simple:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] [[sk:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] [[sl:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] [[sq:Johann Wolfgang Goethe]] [[sr:Јохан Волфганг Гете]] [[sv:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] [[th:โยฮันน์ โวล์ฟกัง ฟอน เกอเท]] [[tr:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] [[uk:Ґете Йоганн Вольфґанґ фон]] [[zh:歌德]] 4707 11697 2006-11-13T05:34:06Z देशा 218 '''शतरूपा''' विश्वस्य प्रथम स्त्री [[hi:शतरूपा]] 4708 12172 2006-12-02T01:13:33Z Eukesh 157 '''तराई''' [[नेपाल]] देशे दक्षिण भागस्य समथर भूमि अस्ति। [[Category:नेपाल]] 4710 11710 2006-11-15T03:24:45Z कलिकल 220 /* वीरगाथा काल(सन 1000 -1325 ) */ ==वीरगाथा काल(सन 1000 -1325 )== * [[दलपति विजय]], * [[चंद बरदाई]], * [[नरपति नाल्ह]], * [[जगपति]], * [[अमीर खुसरो]], * [[विद्यापति]] आदि सन्ति। ==भक्तिकाल(सन 1325 - 1650 ) प्रमुख कवि== * [[तुलसीदास]] * [[कबीर]]दास * [[सूरदास]] * [[रहीम]] * [[मीराबाई]] * [[मलिक मोहम्मद जायसी]] ==रीतिकाल(सन 1650 - 1850 ) प्रमुख कवि== * [[बिहारी]] * [[केशव]] * [[भूषण]] * [[पद्माकर]] * [[देव]] * [[घनानंद]] * [[रत्नाकर]] * [[आचार्य कृपाराम]] * [[रसलीन]] * [[ठाकुर]] * [[आलम]] * [[बोधा]] ==आधुनिककाल(सन 1850 -) प्रमुख कवि== * [[भारतेंदु हरिश्चंद्र]] (1850-1885) * [[अयोध्यासिंह उपाध्याय 'हरिऔध']] (1865-1941) * [[मैथिलीशरण गुप्त]] (1886-1964) * [[माखनलाल चतुर्वेदी]] (1889-1968) * [[जयशंकर प्रसाद]] (1890-1937) * [[निराला]] (1896-1961) * [[सुमित्रानन्दन पन्त]] (1900-1977) * [[सुभद्राकुमारी चौहान]](1904-1948) * [[महादेवी वर्मा]] (1907-1987) * [[हरिवंश राय बच्चन]](1907-2003) * [[रामधारी सिंह दिनकर]] (1909-1974) * [[अज्ञेय]] (1911-1987) * [[डा. जगदीश गुप्त]] (1924-2001) * [[भवानी प्रसाद मिश्र]] (1914-1985) * [[शिवमंगल सिंह 'सुमन']] (1915-2003) * [[सर्वेश्वर दयाल सक्सेना]] (1927-1983) * [[गोपालदास नीरज]] (1926- ) * [[नागार्जुन]](1911-1998) * [[रामकुमार वर्मा]] * [[गोपालदास व्यास]] * [[कुँवर बेचैन (डा.)]](1942- ) * [[दुष्यंत कुमार]](1933-1975) * [[नरेश मेहता]] * [[भारतभूषण अग्रवाल]] * [[अशोक चक्रधर]](1951- ) * [[यश मालवीय]](1962- ) * [[सोम ठाकुर]] ==पश्य== * [[आधुनिक हिंदी पद्य का इतिहास]] * [[हिन्दी गद्यकार]] ==बाह्य लिंक== *[http://poets-hindipoem.blogspot.com/ हिन्दी साहित्य के श्रेष्ठ कवियों की उत्कृष्ट रचनाओं का उत्तम संकलऩ] *[http://www.anubhuti-hindi.org/kavi.htm अनुभूति में हिंदी कवि] [[hi:हिन्दी कवि]] [[श्रेणी:साहित्य]] [[श्रेणी:हिन्दी साहित्य]] [[श्रेणी:व्यक्तिगत जीवन]] 4711 12914 2006-12-18T20:54:29Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Modifying: [[hi:भारतेंदु हरिश्चंद्र]] भारतेन्दु ([[1850]]-[[1882]]) आधुनिक [[हिंदी साहित्य]]स्य पितामह. वे [[बनारस]] के सुंघनी साहू परिवार में जन्मे थे जो [[तंबाकू]] के प्रसिद्ध व्यापारी थे। भारतेन्दु बहुमुखी प्रतिभा के धनी थे। हिंदी [[पत्रकारिता]], [[नाटक]] और [[काव्य]] के क्षेत्र में उनका बहुमूल्य योगदान रहा। उन्होंने 'हरिश्चंद्र पत्रिका', 'कविवचन सुधा' और 'बाल विबोधिनी' पत्रिकाओं का संपादन भी किया। ==जीवन परिचय== भारतेंदु हरिश्चंद्र का जन्म 1850 में काशी के एक प्रतिष्ठित वैश्य परिवार में हुआ। उनके पिता गोपाल चंद्र एक अच्छे कवि थे और गिरधर दास उपनाम से कविता लिखा करते थे। भारतेंदु जी की अल्पावस्था में ही उनके माता-पिता का देहांत हो गया था अतः स्कूली शिक्षा प्राप्त करने में भारतेंदु जी असमर्थ रहे। घर पर रह कर [[हिंदी]], [[मराठी]], [[बंगला]], [[उर्दू]] तथा [[अंग्रेज़ी]] का अच्छा ज्ञान प्राप्त कर लिया। भारतेंदु जी को काव्य-प्रतिभा अपने पिता से विरासत के रूप में मिली थी। उन्होंने पांच वर्ष की अवस्था में ही निम्नलिखित दोहा बनाकर अपने पिता को सुनाया और सुकवि होने का आशीर्वाद प्राप्त किया- :लै ब्योढ़ा ठाढ़े भए श्री अनिरुध्द सुजान। :वाणा सुर की सेन को हनन लगे भगवान।। पंद्रह वर्ष की अवस्था से ही भारतेंदु ने साहित्य सेवा प्रारंभ कर दी थी, अठारह वर्ष की अवस्था में उन्होंने कवि वचन-सुधा नामक पत्र निकाला जिसमें उस समय के बड़े-बड़े विद्वानों की रचनाएं छपती थीं। साहित्य सेवा के साथ-साथ भारतेंदु जी की समाज सेवा भी चलती थी। उन्होंने कई समस्याओं की स्थापना में अपना योग दिया। दीन-दुखियों, साहित्यिकों तथा मित्रों की सहायता करना वे अपना कर्तव्य समझते थे। धन के अत्यधिक व्यय से भारतेंदु जी ॠणी बन गए और दुश्चिंताओं के कारण उनका शरीर शिथिल होता गया। परिणाम स्वरूप सं. 1885 में अल्पायु में ही मृत्यु ने उन्हें ग्रस लिया। ==रचनाएं== भारतेंदु कृत काव्य -ग्रंथों में दान-लीला, प्रेम तरंग, प्रेम प्रलाप, कृष्ण चरित्र आदि उनके भक्ति संबंधी काव्य हैं। सतसई श्रृंगार, होली मधु मुकुल आदि श्रृंगार-प्रधान रचनाएं हैं। भारत वीरत्व, विजय-बैजयंती सुमनांजलि आदि उनकी राष्ट्रीय कवियों के संग्रह हैं। बंदर-सभा, बकरी का विलाप, हास्य-व्यंग्य प्रधान काव्य कृतियां हैं। ==वर्ण्य विषय== भारतेंदु जी की यह विशेषता रही कि जहां उन्होंने ईश्वर भक्ति आदि प्राचीन विषयों पर कविता लिखी वहां उन्होंने समाज सुधार, राष्ट्र प्रेम आदि नवीन विषयों को भी अपनाया। अतः विषय के अनुसार उनकी कविता श्रृंगार-प्रधान, भक्ति-प्रधान, सामाजिक समस्या प्रधान तथा राष्ट्र प्रेम प्रधान हैं। '''श्रृंगार रस प्रधान''' भारतेंदु जी ने श्रृंगार के संयोग और वियोग दोनों ही पक्षों का सुंदर चित्रण किया है। वियोगावस्था का एक चित्र देखिए- :देख्यो एक बारहूं न नैन भरि तोहि याते :जौन जौन लोक जैहें तही पछतायगी। :बिना प्रान प्यारे भए दरसे तिहारे हाय, :देखि लीजो आंखें ये खुली ही रह जायगी। '''भक्ति प्रधान''' भारतेंदु जी कृष्ण के भक्त थे और पुष्टि मार्ग के मानने वाले थे। उनको कविता में सच्ची भक्ति भावना के दर्शन होते हैं। वे कामना करते हैं - :बोल्यों करै नूपुर स्त्रीननि के निकट सदा :पद तल मांहि मन मेरी बिहरयौ करै। :बाज्यौ करै बंसी धुनि पूरि रोम-रोम, :मुख मन मुस्कानि मंद मनही हास्यौ करै। '''सामाजिक समस्या प्रधान''' भारतेंदु जी ने अपने काव्य में अनेक सामाजिक समस्याओं का चित्रण किया। उन्होंने समाज में व्याप्त कुरीतियों पर तीखे व्यंग्य किए। महाजनों और रिश्वत लेने वालों को भी उन्होंने नहीं छोड़ा- :चूरन अमले जो सब खाते, :दूनी रिश्वत तुरत पचावें। :चूरन सभी महाजन खाते, :जिससे जमा हजम कर जाते। '''राष्ट्र-प्रेम प्रधान''' भारतेंदु जी के काव्य में राष्ट्र-प्रेम भी भावना स्पष्ट दृष्टिगोचर होती है। भारत के प्राचीन गौरव की झांकी वे इन शब्दों में प्रस्तुत करते हैं - :भारत के भुज बल जग रच्छित, :भारत विद्या लहि जग सिच्छित। :भारत तेज जगत विस्तारा, :भारत भय कंपिथ संसारा। '''प्राकृतिक चित्रण''' प्रकृति चित्रण में भारतेंदु जी को अधिक सफलता नहीं मिली, क्योंकि वे मानव-प्रकृति के शिल्पी थे, बाह्य प्रकृति में उनका मर्मपूर्ण रूपेण नहीं रम पाया। अतः उनके अधिकांश प्रकृति चित्रण में मानव हृदय को आकर्षित करने की शक्ति का अभाव है। चंद्रावली नाटिका के यमुना-वर्णन में अवश्य सजीवता है तथा उसकी उपमाएं और उत्प्रेक्षाएं नवीनता लिए हुए हैं- :कै पिय पद उपमान जान यह निज उर धारत, :कै मुख कर बहु भृंगन मिस अस्तुति उच्चारत। :कै ब्रज तियगन बदन कमल की झलकत झांईं, :कै ब्रज हरिपद परस हेतु कमला बहु आईं। ==भाषा== भारतेंदु जी के काव्य की भाषा प्रधानतः ब्रज भाषा है। उन्होंने ब्रज भाषा के अप्रचलित शब्दों को छोड़ कर उसके परिकृष्ट रूप को अपनाया। उनकी भाषा में जहां-तहां उर्दू और अंग्रेज़ी के प्रचलित शब्द भी जाते हैं। भारतेंदु जी की भाषा में कहीं-कहीं व्याकरण संबंधी अशुध्दियां भी देखने को मिल जाती हैं। मुहावरों का प्रयोग कुशलतापूर्वक हुआ है। भारतेंदु जी की भाषा सरल और व्यवहारिक है। ==शैली== भारतेंदु जी के काव्य में निम्नलिखित शैलियों के दर्शन होते हैं - '''1. रीति कालीन रसपूर्ण अलंकार शैली''' - श्रृंगारिक कविताओं में। '''2. भावात्मक शैली''' - भक्ति के पदों में। '''3. व्यंग्यात्मक शैली''' - समाज-सुधार की रचनाओं में। '''4. उद्बोधन शैली''' - देश-प्रेम की कविताओं में। ==रस== भारतेंदु जी ने लगभग सभी रसों में कविता की है। श्रृंगार और शांत की प्रधानता है। श्रृंगार के दोनों पक्षों का भारतेंदु जी ने सुंदर वर्णन किया है। उनके काव्य में हास्य रस की भी उत्कृष्ट योजना मिलती है। ==छंद== भारतेंदु जी ने अपने समय में प्रचलित प्रायः सभी छंदों को अपनाया है। उन्होंने केवल हिंदी के ही नहीं उर्दू, संस्कृत, बंगला भाषा के छंदों को भी स्थान दिया है। उनके काव्य में संस्कृत के बसंत तिलका, शार्दूल, विक्रीड़ित, शालिनी आदि हिंदी के चौपाई, छप्पय, रोला, सोरठा, कुंडलियां कवित्त, सवैया घनाछरी आदि, बंगला के पयार तथा उर्दू के रेखता, ग़ज़ल छंदों का प्रयोग हुआ है। इनके अतिरिक्त भारतेंदु जी कजली, ठुमरी, लावनी, मल्हार, चैती आदि लोक छंदों को भी व्यवहार में लाए हैं। ==अलंकार== अलंकारों का प्रयोग भारतेंदु जी के काव्य में सहज रूप से हुआ है। उपमा, उत्प्रेक्षा, रूपक और संदेह अलंकारों के प्रति भारतेंदु जी की अधिक रुचि है। शब्दालंकारों को भी स्थान मिला है। निम्न पंक्तियों में उत्प्रेक्षा और अनुप्रास अलंकार की योजना देखिए- तरनि तनूजा तट तमाल तरुवर बहु छाए। झुके कूल सों जल परसन हित मनहु सुहाए।। ==महत्वपूर्ण कार्य== आधुनिक हिंदी साहित्य में भारतेंदु जी का अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण स्थान है। भारतेंदु बहूमुखी प्रतिभा के स्वामी थे। कविता, कहानी, नाटक, उपन्यास, निबंध आदि सभी क्षेत्रों में उनकी देन अपूर्व है। भारतेंदु जी हिंदी में नव जागरण का संदेश लेकर अवतरित हुए। उन्होंने हिंदी के सर्वांगीण विकास में महत्वपूर्ण कार्य किया। भाव, भाषा और शैली में नवीनता तथा मौलिकता का समावेश करके उन्हें आधुनिक काल के अनुरूप बनाया। आधुनिक हिंदी के वे जन्मदाता माने जाते हैं। हिंदी के नाटकों का सूत्रपात भी उन्हीं के द्वारा हुआ। भारतेंदु जी अपने समय के साहित्यिक नेता थे। उनसे कितने ही प्रतिभाशाली लेखकों को जन्म मिला। मातृ-भाषा की सेवा में उन्होंने अपना जीवन ही नहीं संपूर्ण धन भी अर्पित कर दिया। हिंदी भाषा की उन्नति उनका मूलमंत्र था - निज भाषा उन्नति लहै सब उन्नति को मूल। बिन निज भाषा ज्ञान के मिटे न हिय को शूल।। अपनी इन्हीं विशेषताओं के कारण भारतेंदु हिंदी साहित्याकाश के एक दैदिप्यमान नक्षत्र बन गए और उनका युग भारतेंदु युग के नाम से प्रसिध्द हुआ। ==यह भी देखें== *[[हिंदी]] *[[हिन्दी साहित्य]] *[[हिन्दी कवि]] ==बाहरी कड़ियां== [http://www.anubhuti-hindi.org/dohe/bhartendu.htm भारतेंदु हरिश्चंद्र अनुभूति में] [[श्रेणी:व्यक्तिगत जीवन]] [[श्रेणी:साहित्य]] [[श्रेणी: लेखक]] {{हिंदी साहित्यकार}} [[en:Bharatendu Harishchandra]] [[hi:भारतेंदु हरिश्चंद्र]] 4712 11712 2006-11-15T03:33:11Z कलिकल 220 ==बाहरी लिंक== *[http://poets-hindipoem.blogspot.com/2006/09/ayodhya-singh-upadhyay-hariaudh.html हरिऔध की श्रेष्ठ रचनायें] [[hi:अयोध्यासिंह उपाध्याय 'हरिऔध']] 4713 11713 2006-11-15T03:34:59Z कलिकल 220 [[चित्र:Maithilisharangupt.jpg|thumb|right|मैथिलीशरण गुप्त]] <b>जन्म:</b>[[1885]]<br> मैथिलीशरण गुप्त जन्म: सन १८८५ ई मैथिलीशरण गुप्त खड़ी बोली के प्रथम महत्वपूर्ण कवि हैं। श्री पं महावीर प्रसाद द्विवेदी जी की प्रेरणा से आपने खड़ी बोली को अपनी रचनाओं का माध्यम बनाया और अपनी कवना के द्वारा खड़ी बोली को एक काव्य-भाषा के रूप में निमिर्त करने में अथक प्रयास किया और इस तरह बर्जभाषा-जैसी समृद्ध काव्य-भाषा को छोड़कर समय और संदर्भों के अनुकूल होने के कारण नये कवियों ने इसे ही अपनी काव्य-अभिव्यक्ति का माध्यम बनाया। हिन्दी किवता के इतिहास में गुप्त जी का यह सबसे बड़ा योगदान है। पवित्रता, नैतिकता और परंपरागत मानवीय सम्बन्धों की रक्षा गुप्त जी के काव्य के प्रथम गुण हैं, जो पंचवटी से लेकर 'जयदर्थ वध', 'यशोधरा' और 'साकेत' तक में प्रतिष्ठत एवं प्रतिफिलत हुए हैं। 'साकेत' उनकी रचना का सवोर्च्च शिखर है। मृत्यु: सन १९६४ ई। अपनी लेखनी के माध्यम से वह सदा अमर रहेंगे और आने वाली सदियों में नए कवियों के लिए प्रेरणा का स्रोत होंगे। ==यह भी देखें== :[[हिंदी]] :[[हिन्दी साहित्य]] :[[हिन्दी कवि]] [[श्रेणी:व्यक्तिगत जीवन]] [[श्रेणी: लेखक]] ==बाहरी लिंक== *[http://poets-hindipoem.blogspot.com/2006/09/maithalisharan-gupt.html मैथिलीशरण गुप्त की श्रेष्ठ रचनायें] *[http://poets-hindipoem.blogspot.com/ हिन्दी साहित्य के श्रेष्ठ कवियों की उत्कृष्ट रचनाओं का उत्तम संकलऩ] {{हिंदी साहित्यकार}} [[en:Maithili Sharan Gupt]] [[hi:मैथिलीशरण गुप्त]] 4714 11714 2006-11-15T03:36:26Z कलिकल 220 ==बाहरी लिंक== *[http://poets-hindipoem.blogspot.com/2006/09/makhanlal-chaturvedi.html माखनलाल चतुर्वेदी की श्रेष्ठ रचनायें] [[hi:माखनलाल चतुर्वेदी]] 4715 11717 2006-11-15T03:41:33Z कलिकल 220 [[Image:Nirala.jpg|thumb|]] '''सूर्यकांत त्रिपाठी निराला''' [[हिन्दी कविता]] [[छायावादी युग]] प्रमुख कवि . * '''जन्म:''' २१ फरवरी १८९६ को [[पश्चिम बंगाल]] के [[मेदिनीपुर]] जिले के महिषादल नामक देशी राज्य में. *'''मूल निवास:''' [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] के [[उन्नाव]] जिले का गढ़कोला नामक गाँव. *'''शिक्षा:''' हाई स्कूल तक [[हिन्दी]] [[संस्कृत]] और [[बांग्ला]] का स्वतंत्र अध्यन। *'''कार्यक्षेत्र:''' 1918 से 1922 तक महिषादल राज्य की सेवा। उसके बाद संपादन स्वतंत्र लेखन और अनुवाद कार्य । 1922 से 23 के दौरान [[कोलकाता]] से प्रकाशित ''''समन्वय'''' का संपादन। 1923 के अगस्त से ''''मतवाला'''' के संपादक मंडल में । इसके बाद [[लखनऊ]] में गंगा पुस्तक माला कार्यालय और वहाँ से निकलने वाली मासिक पत्रिका''' 'सुधा'''' से 1935 के मध्य तक संबद्ध रहे। 1942 से मृत्यु पर्यन्त [[इलाहाबाद]] में रह कर स्वतंत्र लेखन और अनुवाद कार्य । वे [[जयशंकर प्रसाद]] और [[महादेवी वर्मा]] के साथ [[हिन्दी साहित्य]] में '''छायावाद''' के प्रमुख स्तंभ माने जाते हैं। उन्होंने कहानियाँ उपन्यास और निबंध भी लिखे हैं किन्तु उनकी ख्याति विशेषरुप से कविता के कारण ही है। 15 अक्तूबर 1961 को इलाहाबाद में उनका निधन हुआ। '''प्रमुख कृतियाँ:''' *'''काव्यसंग्रह:''' परिमल, गीतिका, द्वितीय अनामिका, तुलसीदास, '''कुकुरमुत्ता''', अणिमा, बेला, '''नये पत्ते''', अर्चना, आराधना, गीत कुंज, और '''सांध्य काकली।''' *'''उपन्यास:''' अप्सरा, अलका, प्रभावती, निरुपमा, कुल्ली भाट, '''बिल्लेसुर बकरिहा''' *'''कहानी संग्रह:''' '''लिली''', चतुरी चमार। *'''निबंध:''' रविन्द्र कविता कानन, प्रबंध पद्म, प्रबंध प्रतिमा, चाबुक, चयन, संग्रह। *'''पुराण कथा :''' महाभारत ==यह भी देखें== * [[हिंदी साहित्य]] * [[छायावादी युग]] * [[हिन्दी कवि]] * [[आधुनिक हिंदी पद्य का इतिहास]] * [[आधुनिक हिंदी गद्य का इतिहास]] ==बाहरी कड़ियां== * [http://poets-hindipoem.blogspot.com/2006/09/suryakant-tripathi-nirala.html सूर्यकान्त त्रिपाठी 'निराला'] * [http://hi.literature.wikia.com/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A0%E0%A5%80_%22%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%22 सूर्यकांत त्रिपाठी निराला (कविता कोश)] * [http://www.anubhuti-hindi.org/gauravgram/nirala/index.htm सूर्यकांत त्रिपाठी निराला (अनुभूति)] [[en:Suryakant Tripathi 'Nirala']] [[hi:सूर्यकांत त्रिपाठी 'निराला']] [[श्रेणी:व्यक्तिगत जीवन]] [[श्रेणी:लेखक]] [[श्रेणी:हिन्दी साहित्य]] {{हिंदी साहित्यकार}} 4716 11718 2006-11-15T03:44:08Z कलिकल 220 ==बाहरी लिंक== *[http://poets-hindipoem.blogspot.com/2006/09/subhadra-kumari-chauhan.html सुभद्राकुमारी चौहान की श्रेष्ठ रचनायें] [[hi:सुभद्राकुमारी चौहान]] 4717 11790 2006-11-23T05:16:14Z कलिकल 220 '''हरिवंश राय बच्चन''' सः हिन्दी भाषास्य महान लेखकः आसीत्। == प्रमुख कृतियां == '''[http://www.geocities.com/hrbachchan/poems/madhushala1.htm मधुशाला]''' निशानिमन्त्रण प्रणय पत्रिका मधुकलश एकांतसंगीत सतरंगिनी मिलनयामिनी बुद्ध और नाचघर त्रिभंगिमा आरती और अंगारे जाल समेटा आकुल अंतर तथा सूत की माला। उनकी कृति [[दो चट्टाने]] को १९६८ में हिन्दी कविता का [[साहित्य अकादमी पुरस्कार]] से सम्मनित किया गया था। इसी वर्ष उन्हें [[सोवियत लैंड नेहरू पुरस्कार]] तथा एफ्रो एशियाई सम्मेलन के कमल पुरस्कार से भी सम्मानित किया गया। बिड़ला फाउन्डेशन ने उनकी [http://www.geocities.com/hrbachchan/autobiography.htm आत्मकथा] के लिये उन्हें [[सरस्वती सम्मान]] दिया था। सहजता और संवेदनशीलता उनकी [[कविता]] का एक विशेष गुण है। यह सहजता और सरल संवेदना कवि की अनुभूति मूलक सत्यता के कारण उपलब्ध हो सकी। बच्चन जी ने बडे साहस धैर्य और सच्चाई के साथ सीधी सादी [[भाषा]] और शैली में सहज कल्पनाशीलता और जीवन्त बिम्बों से सजाकर सँवारकर अनूठे गीत हिन्दी को दिये। == बच्चन की कविताऐं == * [[दिन जल्दी-जल्दी ढलता है]] * [[हरिवंशराय बच्चन-प्रतीक्षा | प्रतीक्षा]] == बाहरी कडियां == * [http://poets-hindipoem.blogspot.com/2006/09/harivanshrai-bachchan.html बच्चन के श्रेष्ठ कविताओं का संकलऩ] * [http://www.geocities.com/hrbachchan/ डा. हरिवंश राय बच्चन के बारे में जानकारी का एक विस्तृत स्रोत] * [http://www.geocities.com/muktaksaagar हिन्दी / उर्दु और संस्कृत भाषाओं से चुने हुये काव्य मोती] [[श्रेणी:लेखक]] [[en:Harivanshrai 'Bachchan']] [[hi:हरिवंश राय बच्चन]] 4718 11721 2006-11-15T03:48:29Z कलिकल 220 ==बाहरी लिंक== *[http://poets-hindipoem.blogspot.com/2006/09/shivmangal-singh-suman.html शिवमंगल सिंह 'सुमन' की श्रेष्ठ रचनायें] [[hi:शिवमंगल सिंह 'सुमन']] 4719 12912 2006-12-18T20:54:18Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Modifying: [[hi:मीरा बाई]] [[चित्र:meerabai.jpg|right]] '''मीराबाई''' [[कृष्ण-भक्ति शाखा]]स्य प्रमुख कवयित्री । उनका जन्म 1504 ईस्वी में [[जोधपुर]] के ग्राम चौकड़ी में हुआ था। उनके पिता का नाम राणा रत्नसिंह था। उनके पति कुमार भोजराज उदयपुर के महाराणा थे। विवाह के कुछ समय बाद ही उनके पति का देहांत हो गया। पति की मृत्यु के बाद वे संसार की ओर से विरक्त हो गयीं और साधु-संतों की संगति में हरिकीर्तन करते हुए अपना समय व्यतीत करने लगीं। कुछ समय बाद उन्होंने घर का त्याग कर दिया और तीर्थाटन को निकल गईं। वे बहुत दिनों तक [[वृंदावन]] में रहीं और फिर [[द्वारिका]] चली गईं। जहाँ संवत 1560 ईस्वी में उनका देहांत हुआ। मीराबाई ने कृष्ण-भक्ति के स्फुट पदों की रचना की है। ==बाहरी लिंक== *[http://poets-hindipoem.blogspot.com/2006/09/meerabai.html मीराबाई की श्रेष्ठ रचनायें] [[hi:मीरा बाई]] 4720 11791 2006-11-23T05:17:04Z कलिकल 220 [[Image:साहनी.jpg|thumb|200px|भीष्म साहनी]] '''भीष्म साहनी '''(१९१५-२००३) रावलपिंडी-[[पाकिस्तान]] देशे जातः। सः हिन्दी भाषास्य महान लेखकः आसीत्। ==प्रमुख रचनाएँ== * '''झरोखे''', '''[[तमस]]''', '''बसन्ती''', '''मायादास की माडी''', '''कुन्तो''' '''[[नीलू निलीमा निलोफर]]''' ([[उपन्यास]]) * '''मेरी प्रिय कहानियां''', '''भाग्यरेखा''', '''[[वांगचू]]''', '''निशाचर''' (कहानी संग्रह) * हनुष (१९७७), '''[[माधवी]]''' (१९८४), '''[[कबीरा खड़ा बजार में]]''' (१९८५), '''मुआवज़े''' (१९९३) * '''बलराज माय ब्रदर''' ([[आत्मकथा]]) *'''गुलेल का खेल''' (बालकथा) ==पुरस्कार== *१९७५ साहित्य अकॅडेमी अवार्ड *१९७५ शिरोमणि लेखक अवार्ड पंजाब सरकार *१९८० लोटस अवार्ड [[एफ्रो एशियन राइटर्स असोसिएशन]] *१९८३ सोविएत लैंड नेहरू अवार्ड *१९९८ [[पद्मभूषण]] भारत सरकार {{हिंदी साहित्यकार}} [[hi:भीष्म साहनी]] [[श्रेणी:व्यक्तिगत जीवन]] [[श्रेणी:लेखक]] [[श्रेणी:साहित्य]] 4724 12964 2006-12-18T23:02:46Z Roopa hulikal 219 एक वचनम् द्वि वचनम् बहु वचनम् प्रथम पुरुषः ति तः अन्ति मध्यम पुरुषः सि थः थ उत्तम पुरुषः आमि आवः आमः *[[व्‍याकरण]] 4725 12213 2006-12-06T01:13:52Z सहाय 223 लिट् लकारः बभूव बभूवतुः बभूवुः बभूविथ बभूवथुः बभूव बभूव बभूविव बभूविम *[[व्‍याकरण]] 4726 11739 2006-11-16T17:31:41Z Roopa hulikal 219 दर्शनशास्त्रम् द्र्श् धातु शास्त्रम् दर्शयति इति अर्थं ददाति ॥ 4727 11741 2006-11-17T01:50:41Z Roopa hulikal 219 नामपदप्रकरणम् पीठिका - सुबन्तम् स्वौजसमौट् शस्टाभ्यां भिस्ङेभ्यां भ्यस् ङसिभ्यां भ्यस् ङसोसां ङ्योस्सुप् । (सुप्) 4728 11745 2006-11-18T09:33:24Z DaGizza 117 delete {{Delete}} 4729 12735 2006-12-16T16:39:14Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: ca, es, fr, kn, la, ml, nn, ta Modifying: en '''कर्णाटक सङ्गीतं''' दक्षिण भारतस्य शास्त्रीय सङ्गीतम् अस्ति। [[ca:Música carnàtica]] [[en:Carnatic music]] [[es:Música carnática]] [[fr:Musique carnatique]] [[hi:कर्णाटक सङ्गीत]] [[kn:ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ ಸಂಗೀತ]] [[la:Musica Carnatica]] [[ml:കര്‍ണ്ണാടക സംഗീതം]] [[nn:Karnatisk musikk]] [[ta:கருநாடக இசை]] 4730 12870 2006-12-18T17:26:26Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[hi:ठाकुर परिवार]] ==पश्य== *[[द्वारकानाथ ठाकुर]] (१७९४-१८४६) *[[देवेन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर]] (१८०७-१९०५) *[[रवीन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर]] (१८६१-१९४१) *[[गगनेन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर]] (१८६७-१९३८) *[[अबनिन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर]] (१८७१-१९५१) ==बाह्य== *[http://www.calcuttaweb.com/tagore/familytree.shtml वंशावली] [[hi:ठाकुर परिवार]] 4731 11781 2006-11-23T04:59:47Z कलिकल 220 '''गगनेन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर''' (१८६७-१९३८) बङ्गाल प्रदेशे जात:. स: महान्‌ चित्रकारः आसीत्‌. सः [[रवीन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर]]स्य बन्धुः आसीत्। ==पश्य== *[[द्वारकानाथ ठाकुर]] (१७९४-१८४६) *[[देवेन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर]] (१८०७-१९०५) *[[रवीन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर]] (१८६१-१९४१) *[[अबनिन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर]] (१८७१-१९५१) *[[ठाकुर परिवार]] [[en:Gaganendranath Tagore]] [[hi:गगनेन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर]] 4732 12837 2006-12-18T05:07:36Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[fr:Abanîndranâth Tagore]] '''अबनिन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर''' (१८७१-१९५१) बङ्गाल प्रदेशे जात:। स: महान्‌ चित्रकारः आसीत्‌। सः [[रवीन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर]]स्य बन्धुः आसीत्। ==पश्य== *[[द्वारकानाथ ठाकुर]] (१७९४-१८४६) *[[देवेन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर]] (१८०७-१९०५) *[[रवीन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर]] (१८६१-१९४१) *[[गगनेन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर]] (१८६७-१९३८) *[[ठाकुर परिवार]] [[en:Abanindranath Tagore]] [[fr:Abanîndranâth Tagore]] [[hi:अबनिन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर]] 4733 11782 2006-11-23T05:01:28Z कलिकल 220 '''द्वारकानाथ ठाकुर''' (१७९४-१८४६) बङ्गाल प्रदेशे जात:. स: चिन्तक: आसीत्‌. तस्य वंशजः [[रवीन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर]]: आसीत्। ==पश्य== *[[देवेन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर]] (१८०७-१९०५) *[[रवीन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर]] (१८६१-१९४१) *[[गगनेन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर]] (१८६७-१९३८) *[[अबनिन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर]] (१८७१-१९५१) *[[ठाकुर परिवार]] [[en:Dwarkanath Tagore]] [[hi:द्वारकानाथ ठाकुर]] 4735 11842 2006-11-24T08:03:13Z 74.230.200.214 '''गोविन्द चन्द्र पाण्डे''' (१९२३- ) [[उत्तराखण्ड]] प्रान्तस्‍य मूल निवासी:। उनका जन्म में [[प्रयाग]] ([[इलाहाबाद]]) में हुआ। वह एक लेखक और [[भारत]] के प्राचीन [[इतिहास]] के प्रमुख विद्वान हैं। उन्होंने [[वेद]]काल और बौद्धकाल पर बहुत कार्य किया है, और इन विषयों पर कई ग्रन्थ लिखे हैं। वह इतिहास, संस्कृति और दर्शन के सुविख्यात चिन्तक हैं। वह राजस्थान एवं इलाहाबाद विश्वविद्यालय में इतिहास के आचार्य और विश्वविद्यालय-कुलपति रह चुके हैं। वह [[इलाहाबाद संग्रहालय समिति]] और [[भारतीय उच्च अध्ययन संस्थान शिमला]] के अध्यक्ष रहे हैं। वैदिक संस्कृति, धर्म, दर्शन और विज्ञान की अधुनातन-सामग्री के विश्लेषन में आधुनिक पाश्चात्य एवं पारम्मपरिक दोनों प्रकार की व्याख्याओं की समन्वित समीक्षा ''वैदिक संस्कृति'' में की गयी है। ==ग्रन्थ== *''बौद्ध धर्म के विकास का इतिहास'' *''अपोहसिद्धि'' *''न्यायबिन्दु'' *''मूल्य मीमांसा'' *''[[वैदिक संस्कृति]]'' *''Studies in the Origins of Buddhism'' *''The Meaning and Process of Culture'' *''Life and Thought of Sankaracharya'' [[en:Govind Chandra Pande]] [[hi:गोविन्द चन्द्र पाण्डे]] 4736 11950 2006-11-26T22:45:44Z 66.240.221.36 {{delete}} 418054989467250424801 508893152422 4737 11854 2006-11-24T17:02:04Z 74.230.201.252 '''विश्वभारती विद्यापीठं''' [[रवीन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर]]: १९०१तमे [[शान्तिनिकेतन|शान्तिनिकेतने]] विश्वभारती विद्यापीठं स्थापितं. 4738 11856 2006-11-24T17:09:14Z 74.230.201.252 New page: '''विज्ञान''' विज्ञानम् एकं अनुभुतिम् अस्ति। '''विज्ञान''' विज्ञानम् एकं अनुभुतिम् अस्ति। 4739 11859 2006-11-24T17:25:18Z देशा 218 New page: '''प्रासाद''' स्थापकतत्त्वरूपेण प्रासादः मुख्यरूपतः। '''प्रासाद''' स्थापकतत्त्वरूपेण प्रासादः मुख्यरूपतः। 4740 11874 2006-11-24T17:42:50Z देशा 218 '''स्थापकः''' [[विमान]]स्य ([[प्रासाद]]स्य) निर्माणं करोति। *[[स्थापकज्ञानम्]] 4741 11889 2006-11-24T18:15:06Z देशा 218 '''विमानम्''': [[प्रासाद]]म् अस्ति। *[[शिल्पविद्या]] 4742 11890 2006-11-24T18:17:39Z देशा 218 [[प्रासाद]]: '''रेख'''[[पीढ|पीढा]]ख्यः द्विविधः। रेखमन्दिरे चतुर्दशं अङ्गं सन्ति। 4743 11864 2006-11-24T17:33:46Z देशा 218 New page: [[प्रासाद]]: [[रेख]]पीढाख्यः द्विविधः। [[प्रासाद]]: [[रेख]]पीढाख्यः द्विविधः। 4744 11930 2006-11-24T20:01:30Z देशा 218 '''शिल्पविद्या''' शिल्पं हि परमपूज्यं सर्वदर्शनलक्षणम च सर्व प्रमाणरूपाय साकारतत्त्वमेव। *[[प्रासाद]] *[[स्थापक]] *[[विमान]] *[[रेख]] *[[पीढ]] [[मन्दिर]]स्य विभागाः *[[पुरुष]] *[[आयुध]] *[[राहा]] *[[पादपीठम्]] *[[देवमन्दिरम्]] *[[बन्धना]] *[[ब्रह्मरन्ध्र]] *[[आमलकम्]] *[[कलशम्]] *[[कर्परम्]] *[[कण्ठम्]] *[[बाडान्तम्]] *[[जाङ्घम्]] *[[कटि]] *[[विषम]] *[[गर्भम्]] *[[पीठम्]] 4745 11873 2006-11-24T17:42:27Z देशा 218 '''स्थापकः''' [[विमान]]स्य ([[प्रासाद]]स्य) निर्माणं करोति। स्थापकज्ञानम् [[वास्तुशास्त्रम्]] इति। [[en:Architecture]] [[hi:स्थापकज्ञान]] 4746 11872 2006-11-24T17:42:08Z देशा 218 '''स्थापकः''' [[विमान]]स्य ([[प्रासाद]]स्य) निर्माणं करोति। [[स्थापकज्ञानम्]] वास्तुशास्त्रम् इति। [[en:Architecture]] [[hi:वास्तुशास्त्र]] 4747 11875 2006-11-24T17:47:56Z देशा 218 New page: '''पुरुष''': [[ब्रह्म]]स्वरूपम्। [[विमान|विमानं]] ([[मन्दिर|मन्दिरं]], [[प्रासाद|प... '''पुरुष''': [[ब्रह्म]]स्वरूपम्। [[विमान|विमानं]] ([[मन्दिर|मन्दिरं]], [[प्रासाद|प्रासादं]]) पुरुषाकारम्। 4748 11897 2006-11-24T18:29:31Z देशा 218 '''मन्दिरम्''' [[प्रासाद]]म् अस्ति। *[[शिल्पविद्या]] [[en:Temple]] [[hi:मन्दिर]] 4749 11879 2006-11-24T17:53:52Z देशा 218 '''आयुधं''' प्रतीकम्। [[ध्वज]]दण्ढः आयुधान्तः। 4750 11883 2006-11-24T18:04:07Z देशा 218 #REDIRECT[[भाषा]] 4751 11893 2006-11-24T18:24:58Z देशा 218 '''राहा''' [[मन्दिर|मन्दिरे]] [[हृदय]]भागे अस्ति। *[[शिल्पविद्या]] 4752 11895 2006-11-24T18:27:09Z देशा 218 '''पादपीठम्''' [[मन्दिर]]स्य पादभागः अस्ति। *[[शिल्पविद्या]] 4753 11898 2006-11-24T18:30:27Z देशा 218 New page: '''देवमन्दिरम्''' [[प्रासाद]]म् अस्ति। *[[शिल्पविद्या]] [[en:Temple]] [[hi:मन्दिर]] '''देवमन्दिरम्''' [[प्रासाद]]म् अस्ति। *[[शिल्पविद्या]] [[en:Temple]] [[hi:मन्दिर]] 4754 11902 2006-11-24T18:34:27Z देशा 218 '''बन्धना'''[[मन्दिर|मन्दिरे]] [[गुल्फम्]] । *[[शिल्पविद्या]] [[en:Moulding]] 4755 11904 2006-11-24T18:38:08Z देशा 218 '''ब्रह्मरन्ध्रम्''' शीर्षोपरि अस्ति। *[[शिल्पविद्या]] [[en:Brahmarandhra]] 4756 11909 2006-11-24T18:45:56Z देशा 218 '''भित्तिपीठम्''' पूरकरूपेण सौम्यास्तरणशैलतः। [[सिंहपीठम्]] [[महापीठम्]] [[चक्रपीठम्]] *[[शिल्पविद्या]] [[en:Plinth]] [[hi:भित्तिपीठ]] 4757 11916 2006-11-24T18:57:17Z देशा 218 '''पीठम्''' पूरकरूपेण सौम्यास्तरणशैलतः। पादपीठम् [[मन्दिर]]स्य पादभागः अस्ति। *[[भित्तिपीठम्]] *[[सिंहपीठम्]] *[[महापीठम्]] *[[चक्रपीठम्]] *[[मुक्तपद्मपीठम्]] *[[वलापीठम्]] *[[कौलभट्टारकपीठम्]] *[[वज्रमस्तकपीठम्]] *[[वर्तुलपीठम्]] *[[en:Plinth]] 4758 11919 2006-11-24T19:02:49Z देशा 218 '''आमलकम्''' [[मन्दिर]]स्य मुखम्। *[[शिल्पविद्या]] 4759 11921 2006-11-24T19:05:57Z देशा 218 '''कलशम्''' [[मन्दिर]]स्य शीर्षम् । *[[शिल्पविद्या]] 4760 11924 2006-11-24T19:08:31Z देशा 218 '''कर्परम्''' [[मन्दिर]]स्य [[कपालम्]] । *[[शिल्पविद्या]] 4761 11926 2006-11-24T19:55:23Z देशा 218 '''विषम''' [[मन्दिर]]स्य स्कन्धम् । *[[शिल्पविद्या]] 4762 11928 2006-11-24T19:57:16Z देशा 218 '''गर्भम्''' [[मन्दिर]]स्य उदरम् । *[[शिल्पविद्या]] 4763 11931 2006-11-24T20:04:34Z देशा 218 New page: इदं [[मन्दिर]]स्य विभागम् । *[[शिल्पविद्या]] इदं [[मन्दिर]]स्य विभागम् । *[[शिल्पविद्या]] 4764 11937 2006-11-24T20:09:07Z देशा 218 इदं [[मन्दिर]]स्य विभागम् । निम्नजाङ्घसमदण्डः ऊर्ध्वजाङ्घः यथा जाङ्घः बाडान्तः कटिः। *[[शिल्पविद्या]] 4765 11936 2006-11-24T20:08:49Z देशा 218 इदं [[मन्दिर]]स्य विभागम् । निम्नजाङ्घसमदण्डः ऊर्ध्वजाङ्घः यथा जाङ्घः बाडान्तः कटिः। *[[शिल्पविद्या]] 4766 11935 2006-11-24T20:08:32Z देशा 218 इदं [[मन्दिर]]स्य विभागम् । निम्नजाङ्घसमदण्डः ऊर्ध्वजाङ्घः यथा जाङ्घः बाडान्तः कटिः। *[[शिल्पविद्या]] 4767 11947 2006-11-26T00:56:34Z DaGizza 117 delete {{Delete}} 4768 12864 2006-12-18T08:57:35Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[de:C. Subramaniam]], [[sv:C. Subramaniam]] Modifying: [[en:Chidambaram Subramaniam]] '''चिदम्बरम् सुब्रह्मण्यम्''' (30 जनवरी, 1910 - 7 नवंबर, 2000) भारतीय राजनेता. [[de:C. Subramaniam]] [[en:Chidambaram Subramaniam]] [[hi:चिदम्बरम् सुब्रह्मण्यम्]] [[sv:C. Subramaniam]] 4769 12965 2006-12-18T23:04:56Z Roopa hulikal 219 लङ् लकारः भुतकालः एक वचनम् द्वि वचनम् बहु वचनम् प्रथम पुरु़षः त् ताम् अन् म़ध्यम पुरुषः स् तम् त उत्तम पुरु़षः अम् व म 4770 12220 2006-12-06T01:17:31Z सहाय 223 लोट्लकारः - वर्तमानकालः एक वचनम् द्वि वचनम् बहु वचनम् प्रथम पुरु़षः तु-तात् ताम् न्तु(अन्तु) म़ध्यम पुरुषः (हि)तात् तम् त उत्तम पुरु़षः आनि आव आम *[[व्‍याकरण]] 4771 12221 2006-12-06T01:18:01Z सहाय 223 विधिलिङ्लकारः - वर्तमानकालः (आज्ञार्थः) एक वचनम् द्वि वचनम् बहु वचनम् प्रथम पुरु़षः इत् इताम् इयुः म़ध्यम पुरुषः इः इतम् इत उत्तम पुरु़षः इयम् इव इम *[[व्‍याकरण]] 4772 11977 2006-11-28T16:21:38Z 88.90.147.161 Removing all content from page 4773 12853 2006-12-18T08:00:15Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[hi:कृष्ण बलदेव वैद]] हिन्दी लेखकः उपन्यासकारः च। ==पश्य== *[[हिन्दी साहित्य]] [[hi:कृष्ण बलदेव वैद]] 4774 11982 2006-11-29T03:43:20Z सहाय 223 '''हिंदी''' जो [[भारत]] और विश्व में सर्वाधिक बोली जाने वाली भाषाओं में से एक है, उसकी जड़े प्राचीन भारत की [[संस्कृत]] भाषा में तलाशी जा सकती है। परंतु हिन्दी साहित्य की जड़े मध्युगीन भारत की [[ब्रजभाषा]], [[अवधी]], [[मैथिली]] और [[मारवाड़ी]] जैसी भाषाओं के [[साहित्य]] में पाई जाती हैं। हिंदी में [[गद्य]] का विकास बहुत बाद में हुआ और इसने अपनी शुरुआत [[कविता]] के माध्यम से की जो ज्यादातर [[लोकभाषा]] के साथ प्रयोग कर विकसित की गई। हालांकि इस बारे में विवाद कायम है लेकिन ज़्यादातर साहित्यकार [[देवकीनंदन खत्री]] द्वारा लिखे गये उपन्यास चंद्रकांता को हिन्दी की पहली प्रामाणिक गद्य रचना मानते हैं। [[हिन्दी साहित्य]] के विकास को आलोचक सुविधा के लिये चार ऐतिहासिक चरणों में विभाजित कर देखते हैं, जो क्रमवार निम्नलिखित हैं:- ==आदिकाल (1400 इसवी से पहले)== हिन्दी साहित्य के [[आदिकाल]] को आलोचक 1400 इसवी से पूर्व का काल मानते हैं जब हिन्दी का उदभव हो ही रहा था। हिन्दी की विकास-यात्रा [[दिल्ली]], [[कन्नौज]] और [[अज़मेर]] क्षेत्रों में हुई मानी जाती है। [[पृथवीराज चौहान]] का उस वक़्त दिल्ली में शासन था और चंद नामक उसका एक [[दरबारी कवि]] हुआ करता था। कन्नौज का अंतिम [[राठौड़]] शासक [[जयचंद]] था जो [[संस्कृत]] का बहुत बड़ा संरक्षक था। ==भक्ति काल (1375-1700)== [[हिंदी साहित्य]] का [[भक्ति काल]] 1375 वि0 से 1700 वि0 तक माना जाता है। यह काल समग्रतः भक्ति भावना से ओतप्रोत काल है। इस काल को समृद्ध बनाने वाली चारा प्रमुख काव्य-धाराएं हैं ज्ञानाश्रयी, प्रेमाश्रयी, कृष्णाश्रयी ओर रामाश्रयी। इन चार भक्ति शाखाओ के चार प्रमुख कवि हुए जो अपनी-अपनी धारा का प्रतिनिधित्व करते हैं। ये कवि हैं क्रमश: [[कबीर]]दास [1399-15180] [[मलिक मोहम्मद जायसी]] [1477-1542] [[सूरदास]] [1478-1580] [[तुलसीदास]] [1532-16023] ==रीति काल (1600-1900)== हिंदी साहित्य का [[रीति काल]] संवत 1700 से 1900 तक माना जाता है यानि 1643ई० से 1843ई० तक। रीति का अर्थ है बना बनाया रास्ता या बंधी-बंधाई परिपाटी। इस काल को रीतिकाल कहा गया क्योंकि इस काल में अधिकांश कवियों ने श्रृंगार वर्णन, अलंकार प्रयोग, छंद बध्दता आदि के बंधे रास्ते की ही कविता की। हालांकि घनानंद, बोधा, ठाकुर, गोबिंद सिंह जैसे रीतिमुक्त कवियों ने अपनी रचना के विषय मुक्त रखे। [[केशव]] [1546-1618], [[बिहारी]] [1603-1664], [[भूषण]] [1613-1705], मतिराम, घनानन्द , सेनापति आदि इस युग के प्रमुख रचनाकार रहे। ==आधुनिक काल (1850 इसवी के बाद)== [[आधुनिक काल]] हिंदी साहित्य पिछली दो सदियों में विकास के अनेक पड़ावों से गुज़रा है। जिसमें गद्य तथा पद्य में अलग अलग विचार धाराओं का विकास हुआ। जहां काव्य में इसे [[छायावादी युग]], [[प्रगतिवादी युग]], [[प्रयोगवादी युग]] और [[यथार्थवादी युग]] इन चार नामों से जाना गया, वहीं गद्य में इसको, [[भारतेंदु युग]], [[द्विवेदी युग]], [[रामचंद‍ शुक्ल व प्रेमचंद युग]] तथा [[अद्यतन युग]] का नाम दिया गया। अद्यतन युग के गद्य साहित्य में अनेक ऐसी साहित्यिक विधाओं का विकास हुआ जो पहले या तो थीं ही नहीं या फिर इतनी विकसित नहीं थीं कि उनको साहित्य की एक अलग विधा का नाम दिया जा सके। जैसे डायरी, या‌त्रा विवरण, आत्मकथा, रूपक, रेडियो नाटक, पटकथा लेखन, फ़िल्म आलेख इत्यादि. कंप्यूटर के आम प्रयोग में आने के साथ साथ हिंदी में कंप्यूटर से जुड़ी नई विधाओं का भी समावेश हुआ है, जैसे- चिट्ठालेखन और जालघर की रचनाएं। हिंदी में अनेक स्तरीय [[चिट्ठे]], [[जालघर]] व [[जाल-पत्रिकाएं]] हैं। यह कंप्यूटर साहित्य केवल भारत में ही नहीं अपितु विश्व के हर कोने से लिखा जा रहा है. इसके साथ ही अद्यतन युग में [[प्रवासी हिंदी साहित्य]] के एक नए युग का आरंभ भी माना जा सकता है। ==हिंदी की विभिन्न बोलियों का साहित्य== भाषा के विकास-क्रम में अपभ्रंश से हिंदी की ओर आते हुए भारत के अलग अलग स्थानों पर अलग-अलग भाषा-शैलियां जन्मीं। हिंदी इनमें से सबसे अधिक विकसित थी अतः उसको भाषा की मान्यता मिली। अन्य भाषा शैलियां बोलियां कहलाईं। इनमें से कुछ में हिंदी के महान कवियों ने रचना की जैसे तुलसी ने रामचरित मानस को अवधी में लिखा और सूर ने अपनी रचनाओं के लिए बृज भाषा को चुना।[[बिहारी]], [[मैथिली]], राजस्थानी, मारवाड़ी, मालवी, कन्नौजी आदि बोलियां प्रमुख हैं। अधिक विकसित थी अतः उसको भाषा की मान्यता मिली। अन्य भाषा शैलियां बोलियां कहलाईं। इनमें से कुछ में हिंदी के महान कवियों ने रचना की जैसे तुलसी ने रामचरित मानस को अवधी में लिखा, सूर ने अपनी रचनाएं बृज में, विद्यापति ने मैथिली में और मीराबाई ने राजस्थानी में। [[हिंदी की विभिन्न बोलियों का साहित्य]] आज भी लोकप्रिय है और आज भी अनेक कवि और लेखक अपना लेखन अपनी-अपनी क्षेत्रीय भाषाओं में करते हैं। ==प्रमुख हिंदी साहित्यकार== * '''[[हिन्दी कवि]]''' * '''[[हिन्दी गद्यकार]]''' * '''[[हिंदी नाटककार]]''' ==यह भी देखें== *[[हिंदी|हिन्दी भाषा]] *[[भारतीय साहित्य]] *[[आधुनिक हिंदी का अंतर्राष्ट्रीय विकास]] *[[आधुनिक हिंदी गद्य का इतिहास]] *[[आधुनिक हिंदी पद्य का इतिहास]] *[[प्रवासी हिंदी साहित्य]] *[[छायावादी युग]] *[[दलित साहित्य]] *[[सीमांतीय साहित्‍य]] *[[स्‍त्रीवादी साहित्‍य]] *[[बाल साहित्‍य]] *[[ज्ञानपीठ]] *[[हिन्दी गद्यकार]] ==बाहरी कड़ियाँ== * [http://great-hindi-poets.blogspot.com/2006/09/renowned-hindi-poets.html हिन्दी काव्य के उत्कृष्ट रचनाओं का उत्तम संग्रह़] * [http://hi.literature.wikia.com कविता कोश - हिन्दी काव्य का अकूत खज़ाना] * [http://www.cs.colostate.edu/~malaiya/hindiint.html हिन्दी भाषा और साहित्य पर और कड़ियाँ] * [http://www.abhivyakti-hindi.org/snibandh/2000/ahski.htm आधुनिक हिंदी साहित्य का इतिहास] [[en:Hindi literature]] [[pl:Literatura hindi]] [[hi:हिन्दी साहित्य]] 4775 12846 2006-12-18T07:32:51Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[en:Acharya Shukla]], [[hi:आचार्य रामचंद्र शुक्ल]] हिन्दी लेखकः उपन्यासकारः च आसीत्। ==पश्य== *[[हिन्दी साहित्य]] [[en:Acharya Shukla]] [[hi:आचार्य रामचंद्र शुक्ल]] 4776 12883 2006-12-18T18:55:58Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[hi:पं महावीर प्रसाद द्विवेदी]] हिन्दी लेखकः उपन्यासकारः च आसीत्। ==पश्य== *[[हिन्दी साहित्यं]] [[hi:पं महावीर प्रसाद द्विवेदी]] 4777 12970 2006-12-18T23:23:34Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[en:Harishankar Parsai]], [[hi:हरिशंकर परसाई]] हिन्दी लेखकः उपन्यासकारः च आसीत्। ==पश्य== *[[हिन्दी साहित्यं]] [[en:Harishankar Parsai]] [[hi:हरिशंकर परसाई]] 4778 12852 2006-12-18T08:00:08Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[hi:कृष्णा सोबती]] हिन्दी लेखकः उपन्यासकारः च आसीत्। ==पश्य== *[[हिन्दी साहित्यं]] [[hi:कृष्णा सोबती]] 4779 12923 2006-12-18T21:27:05Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[hi:राजेन्द्र यादव]] हिन्दी लेखकः उपन्यासकारः च आसीत्। ==पश्य== *[[हिन्दी साहित्यं]] [[hi:राजेन्द्र यादव]] 4780 12940 2006-12-18T22:15:36Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[hi:शरद जोशी]] हिन्दी लेखकः उपन्यासकारः च आसीत्। ==पश्य== *[[हिन्दी साहित्यं]] [[hi:शरद जोशी]] 4781 12913 2006-12-18T20:54:22Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[hi:मन्नू भंडारी]] हिन्दी लेखकः उपन्यासकारः च आसीत्। ==पश्य== *[[हिन्दी साहित्यं]] [[hi:मन्नू भंडारी]] 4782 12855 2006-12-18T08:01:50Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[hi:कमलेश्वर]] हिन्दी लेखकः उपन्यासकारः च आसीत्। ==पश्य== *[[हिन्दी साहित्यं]] [[hi:कमलेश्वर]] 4783 11994 2006-11-29T17:14:48Z Eukesh 157 New page: {{एलेमेन्ट}} {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4784 11995 2006-11-29T17:15:39Z Eukesh 157 New page: <div class="NavFrame" > <div class="NavHead" style="font-size:130%; background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%">'''[[एलेमेन्ट(रसायनशास्त्र)|ए... <div class="NavFrame" > <div class="NavHead" style="font-size:130%; background:#ccccff" align="center" width="100%">'''[[एलेमेन्ट(रसायनशास्त्र)|एलेमेन्ट]]([[रसायनशास्त्र]])'''</div> <div class="NavContent"> {| | align="center" style="font-size: 110%;"| [[हाइड्रोजन]]-[[हेलियम]]-[[लिथियम]]-[[बेरिलियम]]-[[बोरोन]]-[[कार्बोन]]-[[नाइट्रोजन]]-[[अक्सिजन]]-[[फ्लोरिन]]-[[नियोन]]-[[सोडियम]]-[[म्याग्नेजियम]]-[[एलुमिनियम]]-[[सिलिकन]]-[[फस्फोरस]]-[[सल्फर]]-[[क्लोरिन]]-[[आर्गन]]-[[पोटासियम]]-[[क्याल्सियम]]-[[स्क्यान्डियम]]-[[टाइटानियम]]-[[भ्यानडियम]]-[[क्रोमियम]]-[[म्याङ्यानिज]]-[[आइरन]]-[[कोबाल्ट]]-[[निकेल]]-[[कपर]]-[[जिंक]]-[[ग्यालियम]]-[[जर्मेनियम]]-[[आर्सेनिक]]-[[सेलेनियम]]-[[ब्रोमिन]]-[[कृप्टन]]-[[रुबिडियम]]-[[स्ट्रोन्सियम]]-[[यितृयम]]-[[जर्कोनियम]]-[[नायोबियम]]-[[मोलिब्डेनम]]-[[टेक्नेसियम]]-[[रुथेनियम]] -[[रोडियम]]-[[प्यालिडियम]]-[[सिल्भर]]-[[क्याड्मियम]]-[[इन्डियम]]-[[टिन]]-[[एन्टिमोनी]]-[[टेलुरियम]]-[[आयोडिन]]-[[जेनन]]-[[सेसियम]]-[[बेरियम]]-[[ल्यान्थानम]]-[[सेरियम]]-[[प्रासियोडाइमियम]]-[[नियोडाइमियम]]-[[प्रोमेथियम]]-[[समारियम]]-[[युरोपियम]]-[[ग्याडोलिनियम]]-[[टर्बियम]]-[[डिस्प्रोसियम]]-[[होल्मियम]]-[[अर्बियम]]-[[थुलियम]]-[[यिट्टरबियम]]-[[लुटेटियम]]-[[हाफ्नियम]]-[[टान्टालम]]-[[टंग्स्टेन]]-[[रेनियम]]-[[अस्मियम]]-[[इरिडियम]]-[[प्लाटिनम]]-[[औरियम]]-[[मर्करी]]-[[थ्यालियम]]-[[लिड]]-[[बिस्मुथ]]-[[पोलोनियम]]-[[एस्टाटिन]]-[[रेडन]]-[[फ्रान्सियम]]-[[रेडियम]]-[[एक्टिनियम]]-[[थोरियम]]-[[प्रोट्याक्टिनियम]]-[[युर्यानियम]]-[[नेप्टुनियम]]-[[प्लुटोनियम]]-[[अमेरिसियम]]-[[क्युरियम]]-[[बर्केलियम]]-[[क्यालिफोर्नियम]]-[[आइन्स्टाइनियम]]-[[फर्मियम]]-[[मेन्डेलेभियम]]-[[नोबेलियम]]-[[लरेन्सियम]]-[[रुथरफोर्डियम]]-[[डब्नियम]]-[[सीबोर्गियम]]-[[बोरियम]]-[[ह्यासियम]]-[[मेइट्नेरियम]]-[[उनउननिलियम]]-[[उनउनउनियम]]-[[उनउनबियम]]-[[उनउनक्वाडृयम]]-[[उनउनहेक्जियम]] |} </div> </div> [[Category:रसायनशास्त्र]] 4786 12980 2006-12-19T00:17:10Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: af, ar, ast, be, bg, bn, bs, ca, co, cs, cy, da, de, el, eo, es, et, eu, fa, fi, fr, ga, gd, gl, gu, he, hr, hu, hy, ia, id, io, is, it, ja, jbo, ka, ko, ksh, ku, la, lb, li, lmo, ln, lt, lv, mi, mk, ml, ms, nds, nl, nn, no, nov, oc, p एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] <center><table WIDTH="80%"> <tr align="CENTER"> <td>[[turma systematis periodici|'''Turma'''&nbsp;&rarr;]]</td> <td>[[metalla alkalica|'''I/1''']]</td> <td>[[metalla alkalica terrena|'''II/2''']]</td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>7</td> <td>8</td> <td>9</td> <td>10</td> <td>11</td> <td>12</td> <td>'''III/13'''</td> <td>'''IV/14'''</td> <td>'''V/15'''</td> <td>[[Chalcogenica|'''VI/16''']]</td> <td>[[Halogenica|'''VII/17''']]</td> <td>[[Gasa nobilia|'''VIII/18''']]</td> </tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td>[[tabella periodica|&darr;&nbsp;'''Periodus''']]</td> <td colspan=19></td> </tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td>[[Periodi 1 elementa|'''1''']]</td> <td bgcolor="#a0ffa0"><font color="green">1</font><br>[[Hydrogenium|H]]</td> <td colspan=16></td> <td bgcolor="#c0ffff"><font color="green">2</font><br>[[Helium|He]]</td> </tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td>[[Periodi 2 elementa|'''2''']]</td> <td bgcolor="#FF6666">3<br>[[Lithium|Li]]</td> <td bgcolor="#FFDEAD">4<br>[[Beryllium|Be]]</td> <td colspan=10></td> <td bgcolor="#cccc99">5<br>[[Bor|B]]</td> <td bgcolor="#a0ffa0">6<br>[[Carbonium|C]]</td> <td bgcolor="#a0ffa0"><font color="green">7</font><br>[[Nitrogenium|N]]</td> <td bgcolor="#a0ffa0"><font color="green">8</font><br>[[Oxygenium|O]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffff99"><font color="green">9</font><br>[[Fluor|F]]</td> <td bgcolor="#c0ffff"><font color="green">10</font><br>[[Neon|Ne]]</td> </tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td>[[Periodi 3 elementa|'''3''']]</td> <td bgcolor="#FF6666">11<br>[[Natrium|Na]]</td> <td bgcolor="#FFDEAD">12<br>[[Magnesium|Mg]]</td> <td colspan=10></td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc">13<br>[[Aluminium|Al]]</td> <td bgcolor="#cccc99">14<br>[[Silicium|Si]]</td> <td bgcolor="#a0ffa0">15<br>[[Phosphorus|P]]</td> <td bgcolor="#a0ffa0">16<br>[[Sulphur|S]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffff99"><font color="green">17</font><br>[[Chlorum|Cl]]</td> <td bgcolor="#c0ffff"><font color="green">18</font><br>[[Argon|Ar]]</td> </tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td>[[Periodi 4 elementa|'''4''']]</td> <td bgcolor="#FF6666">19<br>[[Kalium|K]]</td> <td bgcolor="#FFDEAD">20<br>[[Calcium|Ca]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">21<br>[[Scandium|Sc]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">22<br>[[Titanium|Ti]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">23<br>[[Vanadium|V]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">24<br>[[Chromium|Cr]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">25<br>[[Manganum|Mn]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">26<br>[[Ferrum|Fe]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">27<br>[[Cobaltum|Co]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">28<br>[[Niccolum|Ni]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">29<br>[[Cuprum|Cu]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">30<br>[[Zincum|Zn]]</td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc">31<br>[[Gallium|Ga]]</td> <td bgcolor="#cccc99">32<br>[[Germanium|Ge]]</td> <td bgcolor="#cccc99">33<br>[[Arsenicum|As]]</td> <td bgcolor="#a0ffa0">34<br>[[Selenium|Se]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffff99"><font color="blue">35</font><br>[[Bromum|Br]]</td> <td bgcolor="#c0ffff"><font color="green">36</font><br>[[Krypton|Kr]]</td> </tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td>[[Periodi 5 elementa|'''5''']]</td> <td bgcolor="#FF6666">37<br>[[Rubidium|Rb]]</td> <td bgcolor="#FFDEAD">38<br>[[Strontium|Sr]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">39<br>[[Yttrium|Y]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">40<br>[[Zirconium|Zr]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">41<br>[[Niobium|Nb]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">42<br>[[Molybdenum|Mo]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><font color="red">43</font><br>[[Technetium|Tc]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">44<br>[[Ruthenium|Ru]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">45<br>[[Rhodium|Rh]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">46<br>[[Palladium|Pd]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">47<br>[[Argentum|Ag]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">48<br>[[Cadmium|Cd]]</td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc">49<br>[[Indium|In]]</td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc">50<br>[[Stannum|Sn]]</td> <td bgcolor="#cccc99">51<br>[[Stibium|Sb]]</td> <td bgcolor="#cccc99">52<br>[[Tellurium|Te]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffff99">53<br>[[Iodium|I]]</td> <td bgcolor="#c0ffff"><font color="green">54</font><br>[[Xenon|Xe]]</td> </tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td>[[Periodi 6 elementa|'''6''']]</td> <td bgcolor="#FF6666">55<br>[[Caesium|Cs]]</td> <td bgcolor="#FFDEAD">56<br>[[Barium|Ba]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff"><font size="-3">57-71</font></td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">72<br>[[Hafnium|Hf]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">73<br>[[Tantalum|Ta]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">74<br>[[Wolframium|W]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">75<br>[[Rhenium|Re]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">76<br>[[Osmium|Os]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">77<br>[[Iridium|Ir]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">78<br>[[Platinum|Pt]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">79<br>[[Aurum|Au]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><font color="blue">80</font><br>[[Hydrargentum|Hg]]</td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc">81<br>[[Thallium|Tl]]</td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc">82<br>[[Plumbum|Pb]]</td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc">83<br>[[Bismuthum|Bi]]</td> <td bgcolor="#cccc99">84<br>[[Polonium|Po]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffff99">85<br>[[Astatinum|At]]</td> <td bgcolor="#c0ffff"><font color="green">86</font><br>[[Radon|Rn]]</td> </tr> <tr ALIGN=CENTER> <td>[[Periodi 7 elementa|'''7''']]</td> <td bgcolor="#FF6666">87<br>&nbsp;[[Francium|Fr]]&nbsp;</td> <td bgcolor="#FFDEAD">88<br>[[Radium|Ra]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc"><font size="-3">89-103</font></td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><font color="red">104</font><br>[[Rutherfordium|Rf]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><font color="red">105</font><br>[[Dubnium|Db]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><font color="red">106</font><br>[[Seaborgium|Sg]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><font color="red">107</font><br>[[Bohrium|Bh]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><font color="red">108</font><br>[[Hassium|Hs]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><font color="red">109</font><br>[[Meitnerium|Mt]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><font color="red">110</font><br>[[Darmstadtium|Ds]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><font color="red">111</font><br>[[Roentgenium|Rg]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><font color="red">112</font><br>[[Ununbium|Uub]]</td> <td bgcolor="#eceaec"><font color="#cccccc">113<br>[[Ununtrium|Uut]]</font></td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc"><font color="red">114</font><br>[[Ununquadium|Uuq]]</td> <td bgcolor="#eceaec"><font color="#cccccc">115<br>[[Ununpentium|Uup]]</font></td> <td bgcolor="#eceaec"><font color="#cccccc">116<br>[[Ununhexium|Uuh]]</font></td> <td bgcolor="#fcfecc"><font color="#cccccc">117<br>[[Ununseptium|Uus]]</font></td> <td bgcolor="#c0ffff"><font color="#cccccc">118<br>[[Ununoctium|Uuo]]</font></td> </tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td colspan=20></td> </tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td colspan=3 align="right">'''[[Lanthanida]]'''</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff">57<br>[[Lanthanum|La]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff">58<br>[[Cerium|Ce]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff">59<br>[[Praseodymium|Pr]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff">60<br>[[Neodymium|Nd]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff"><font color="red">61</font><br>[[Promethium|Pm]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff">62<br>[[Samarium|Sm]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff">63<br>[[Europium|Eu]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff">64<br>[[Gadolinium|Gd]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff">65<br>[[Terbium|Tb]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff">66<br>[[Dysprosium|Dy]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff">67<br>[[Holmium|Ho]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff">68<br>[[Erbium|Er]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff">69<br>[[Thulium|Tm]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff">70<br>[[Ytterbium|Yb]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff">71<br>[[Lutetium|Lu]]</td> </tr> <tr ALIGN=CENTER> <td colspan=3 align="right">'''[[Actinida(chemica)|Actinida]]'''</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc">89<br>[[Actinium|Ac]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc">90<br>[[Thorium|Th]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc">91<br>[[Protactinium|Pa]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc">92<br>[[Uranium|U]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc"><font color="red">93</font><br>[[Neptunium|Np]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc"><font color="red">94</font><br>[[Plutonium|Pu]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc"><font color="red">95</font><br>[[Americium|Am]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc"><font color="red">96</font><br>[[Curium|Cm]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc"><font color="red">97</font><br>[[Berkelium|Bk]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc"><font color="red">98</font><br>[[Californium|Cf]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc"><font color="red">99</font><br>[[Einsteinium|Es]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc"><font color="red">100</font><br>[[Fermium|Fm]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc"><font color="red">101</font><br>[[Mendelevium|Md]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc"><font color="red">102</font><br>[[Nobelium|No]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc"><font color="red">103</font><br>[[Lawrencium|Lr]]</td> </tr> </table></center> <table align="center"> <caption>[[seria chemica tabellae periodicae]]</caption> <tr><td bgcolor="#FF6666">[[metalla alkalica]]</td><td bgcolor="#FFDEAD">[[metalla alkalica terrena]]</td><td bgcolor="#ffbfff">[[Lanthanida]]</td><td bgcolor="#ff99cc">[[Actinida(chemicae)|Actinida]]</td><td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">[[metalla transitionis ]]</td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#CCCCCC">[[metallum|metalla alia]]</td><td bgcolor="#CCCC99">[[Metalloida]]e</td><td bgcolor="#a0ffa0">[[Non metalla]]</td><td bgcolor="#ffff99">[[Halogenica]]</td><td bgcolor="#c0ffff">[[gasa nobilia]]</td></tr> </table> {{एलेमेन्ट}} [[af:Waterstof]] [[ar:هيدروجين]] [[ast:Hidróxenu]] [[be:Вадарод]] [[bg:Водород]] [[bn:হাইড্রোজেন]] [[bs:Vodonik]] [[ca:Hidrogen]] [[co:Idrogenu]] [[cs:Vodík]] [[cy:Hydrogen]] [[da:Brint]] [[de:Wasserstoff]] [[el:Υδρογόνο]] [[en:Hydrogen]] [[eo:Hidrogeno]] [[es:Hidrógeno]] [[et:Vesinik]] [[eu:Hidrogeno]] [[fa:هیدروژن]] [[fi:Vety]] [[fr:Hydrogène]] [[ga:Hidrigin]] [[gd:Haidreagain]] [[gl:Hidróxeno (elemento)]] [[gu:હાઈડ્રોજન]] [[he:מימן]] [[hi:हाइड्रोजन]] [[hr:Vodik]] [[hu:Hidrogén]] [[hy:Ջրածին]] [[ia:Hydrogeno]] [[id:Hidrogen]] [[io:Hidrogeno]] [[is:Vetni]] [[it:Idrogeno]] [[ja:水素]] [[jbo:cidro]] [[ka:წყალბადი]] [[ko:수소]] [[ksh:Wasserstoff]] [[ku:Hîdrojen]] [[la:Hydrogenium]] [[lb:Waasserstoff]] [[li:Waterstof]] [[lmo:Idrògen]] [[ln:Idrojɛ́ní]] [[lt:Vandenilis]] [[lv:Ūdeņradis]] [[mi:Hauwai]] [[mk:Водород]] [[ml:ഹൈഡ്രജന്‍]] [[ms:Hidrogen]] [[nds:Waterstoff]] [[nl:Waterstof]] [[nn:Hydrogen]] [[no:Hydrogen]] [[nov:Hidrogene]] [[oc:Idrogèn]] [[pl:Wodór]] [[pt:Hidrogénio]] [[qu:Yakuchaq]] [[ro:Hidrogen]] [[ru:Водород]] [[scn:Idrògginu]] [[sh:Vodik]] [[simple:Hydrogen]] [[sk:Vodík]] [[sl:Vodik]] [[sq:Hidrogjeni]] [[sr:Водоник]] [[su:Hidrogén]] [[sv:Väte]] [[ta:ஹைட்ரஜன்]] [[tg:Гидроген]] [[th:ไฮโดรเจน]] [[tl:Idroheno]] [[tr:Hidrojen]] [[ug:ھىدروگېن]] [[uk:Водень]] [[ur:آبگر]] [[uz:Vodorod]] [[vi:Hiđrô]] [[wa:Idrodjinne]] [[zh:氢]] [[zh-min-nan:H (goân-sò͘)]] [[zh-yue:氫]] 4787 12124 2006-11-30T04:00:50Z सहाय 223 एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} <center><table WIDTH="80%"> <tr align="CENTER"> <td>[[turma systematis periodici|'''Turma'''&nbsp;&rarr;]]</td> <td>[[metalla alkalica|'''I/1''']]</td> <td>[[metalla alkalica terrena|'''II/2''']]</td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>7</td> <td>8</td> <td>9</td> <td>10</td> <td>11</td> <td>12</td> <td>'''III/13'''</td> <td>'''IV/14'''</td> <td>'''V/15'''</td> <td>[[Chalcogenica|'''VI/16''']]</td> <td>[[Halogenica|'''VII/17''']]</td> <td>[[Gasa nobilia|'''VIII/18''']]</td> </tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td>[[tabella periodica|&darr;&nbsp;'''Periodus''']]</td> <td colspan=19></td> </tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td>[[Periodi 1 elementa|'''1''']]</td> <td bgcolor="#a0ffa0"><font color="green">1</font><br>[[Hydrogenium|H]]</td> <td colspan=16></td> <td bgcolor="#c0ffff"><font color="green">2</font><br>[[Helium|He]]</td> </tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td>[[Periodi 2 elementa|'''2''']]</td> <td bgcolor="#FF6666">3<br>[[Lithium|Li]]</td> <td bgcolor="#FFDEAD">4<br>[[Beryllium|Be]]</td> <td colspan=10></td> <td bgcolor="#cccc99">5<br>[[Bor|B]]</td> <td bgcolor="#a0ffa0">6<br>[[Carbonium|C]]</td> <td bgcolor="#a0ffa0"><font color="green">7</font><br>[[Nitrogenium|N]]</td> <td bgcolor="#a0ffa0"><font color="green">8</font><br>[[Oxygenium|O]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffff99"><font color="green">9</font><br>[[Fluor|F]]</td> <td bgcolor="#c0ffff"><font color="green">10</font><br>[[Neon|Ne]]</td> </tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td>[[Periodi 3 elementa|'''3''']]</td> <td bgcolor="#FF6666">11<br>[[Natrium|Na]]</td> <td bgcolor="#FFDEAD">12<br>[[Magnesium|Mg]]</td> <td colspan=10></td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc">13<br>[[Aluminium|Al]]</td> <td bgcolor="#cccc99">14<br>[[Silicium|Si]]</td> <td bgcolor="#a0ffa0">15<br>[[Phosphorus|P]]</td> <td bgcolor="#a0ffa0">16<br>[[Sulphur|S]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffff99"><font color="green">17</font><br>[[Chlorum|Cl]]</td> <td bgcolor="#c0ffff"><font color="green">18</font><br>[[Argon|Ar]]</td> </tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td>[[Periodi 4 elementa|'''4''']]</td> <td bgcolor="#FF6666">19<br>[[Kalium|K]]</td> <td bgcolor="#FFDEAD">20<br>[[Calcium|Ca]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">21<br>[[Scandium|Sc]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">22<br>[[Titanium|Ti]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">23<br>[[Vanadium|V]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">24<br>[[Chromium|Cr]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">25<br>[[Manganum|Mn]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">26<br>[[Ferrum|Fe]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">27<br>[[Cobaltum|Co]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">28<br>[[Niccolum|Ni]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">29<br>[[Cuprum|Cu]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">30<br>[[Zincum|Zn]]</td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc">31<br>[[Gallium|Ga]]</td> <td bgcolor="#cccc99">32<br>[[Germanium|Ge]]</td> <td bgcolor="#cccc99">33<br>[[Arsenicum|As]]</td> <td bgcolor="#a0ffa0">34<br>[[Selenium|Se]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffff99"><font color="blue">35</font><br>[[Bromum|Br]]</td> <td bgcolor="#c0ffff"><font color="green">36</font><br>[[Krypton|Kr]]</td> </tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td>[[Periodi 5 elementa|'''5''']]</td> <td bgcolor="#FF6666">37<br>[[Rubidium|Rb]]</td> <td bgcolor="#FFDEAD">38<br>[[Strontium|Sr]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">39<br>[[Yttrium|Y]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">40<br>[[Zirconium|Zr]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">41<br>[[Niobium|Nb]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">42<br>[[Molybdenum|Mo]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><font color="red">43</font><br>[[Technetium|Tc]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">44<br>[[Ruthenium|Ru]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">45<br>[[Rhodium|Rh]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">46<br>[[Palladium|Pd]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">47<br>[[Argentum|Ag]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">48<br>[[Cadmium|Cd]]</td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc">49<br>[[Indium|In]]</td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc">50<br>[[Stannum|Sn]]</td> <td bgcolor="#cccc99">51<br>[[Stibium|Sb]]</td> <td bgcolor="#cccc99">52<br>[[Tellurium|Te]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffff99">53<br>[[Iodium|I]]</td> <td bgcolor="#c0ffff"><font color="green">54</font><br>[[Xenon|Xe]]</td> </tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td>[[Periodi 6 elementa|'''6''']]</td> <td bgcolor="#FF6666">55<br>[[Caesium|Cs]]</td> <td bgcolor="#FFDEAD">56<br>[[Barium|Ba]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff"><font size="-3">57-71</font></td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">72<br>[[Hafnium|Hf]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">73<br>[[Tantalum|Ta]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">74<br>[[Wolframium|W]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">75<br>[[Rhenium|Re]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">76<br>[[Osmium|Os]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">77<br>[[Iridium|Ir]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">78<br>[[Platinum|Pt]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">79<br>[[Aurum|Au]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><font color="blue">80</font><br>[[Hydrargentum|Hg]]</td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc">81<br>[[Thallium|Tl]]</td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc">82<br>[[Plumbum|Pb]]</td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc">83<br>[[Bismuthum|Bi]]</td> <td bgcolor="#cccc99">84<br>[[Polonium|Po]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffff99">85<br>[[Astatinum|At]]</td> <td bgcolor="#c0ffff"><font color="green">86</font><br>[[Radon|Rn]]</td> </tr> <tr ALIGN=CENTER> <td>[[Periodi 7 elementa|'''7''']]</td> <td bgcolor="#FF6666">87<br>&nbsp;[[Francium|Fr]]&nbsp;</td> <td bgcolor="#FFDEAD">88<br>[[Radium|Ra]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc"><font size="-3">89-103</font></td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><font color="red">104</font><br>[[Rutherfordium|Rf]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><font color="red">105</font><br>[[Dubnium|Db]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><font color="red">106</font><br>[[Seaborgium|Sg]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><font color="red">107</font><br>[[Bohrium|Bh]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><font color="red">108</font><br>[[Hassium|Hs]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><font color="red">109</font><br>[[Meitnerium|Mt]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><font color="red">110</font><br>[[Darmstadtium|Ds]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><font color="red">111</font><br>[[Roentgenium|Rg]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffc0c0"><font color="red">112</font><br>[[Ununbium|Uub]]</td> <td bgcolor="#eceaec"><font color="#cccccc">113<br>[[Ununtrium|Uut]]</font></td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc"><font color="red">114</font><br>[[Ununquadium|Uuq]]</td> <td bgcolor="#eceaec"><font color="#cccccc">115<br>[[Ununpentium|Uup]]</font></td> <td bgcolor="#eceaec"><font color="#cccccc">116<br>[[Ununhexium|Uuh]]</font></td> <td bgcolor="#fcfecc"><font color="#cccccc">117<br>[[Ununseptium|Uus]]</font></td> <td bgcolor="#c0ffff"><font color="#cccccc">118<br>[[Ununoctium|Uuo]]</font></td> </tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td colspan=20></td> </tr> <tr align="CENTER"> <td colspan=3 align="right">'''[[Lanthanida]]'''</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff">57<br>[[Lanthanum|La]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff">58<br>[[Cerium|Ce]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff">59<br>[[Praseodymium|Pr]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff">60<br>[[Neodymium|Nd]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff"><font color="red">61</font><br>[[Promethium|Pm]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff">62<br>[[Samarium|Sm]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff">63<br>[[Europium|Eu]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff">64<br>[[Gadolinium|Gd]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff">65<br>[[Terbium|Tb]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff">66<br>[[Dysprosium|Dy]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff">67<br>[[Holmium|Ho]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff">68<br>[[Erbium|Er]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff">69<br>[[Thulium|Tm]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff">70<br>[[Ytterbium|Yb]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ffbfff">71<br>[[Lutetium|Lu]]</td> </tr> <tr ALIGN=CENTER> <td colspan=3 align="right">'''[[Actinida(chemica)|Actinida]]'''</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc">89<br>[[Actinium|Ac]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc">90<br>[[Thorium|Th]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc">91<br>[[Protactinium|Pa]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc">92<br>[[Uranium|U]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc"><font color="red">93</font><br>[[Neptunium|Np]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc"><font color="red">94</font><br>[[Plutonium|Pu]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc"><font color="red">95</font><br>[[Americium|Am]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc"><font color="red">96</font><br>[[Curium|Cm]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc"><font color="red">97</font><br>[[Berkelium|Bk]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc"><font color="red">98</font><br>[[Californium|Cf]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc"><font color="red">99</font><br>[[Einsteinium|Es]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc"><font color="red">100</font><br>[[Fermium|Fm]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc"><font color="red">101</font><br>[[Mendelevium|Md]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc"><font color="red">102</font><br>[[Nobelium|No]]</td> <td bgcolor="#ff99cc"><font color="red">103</font><br>[[Lawrencium|Lr]]</td> </tr> </table></center> <table align="center"> <caption>[[seria chemica tabellae periodicae]]</caption> <tr><td bgcolor="#FF6666">[[metalla alkalica]]</td><td bgcolor="#FFDEAD">[[metalla alkalica terrena]]</td><td bgcolor="#ffbfff">[[Lanthanida]]</td><td bgcolor="#ff99cc">[[Actinida(chemicae)|Actinida]]</td><td bgcolor="#ffc0c0">[[metalla transitionis ]]</td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#CCCCCC">[[metallum|metalla alia]]</td><td bgcolor="#CCCC99">[[Metalloida]]e</td><td bgcolor="#a0ffa0">[[Non metalla]]</td><td bgcolor="#ffff99">[[Halogenica]]</td><td bgcolor="#c0ffff">[[gasa nobilia]]</td></tr> </table> [[en:Helium]] 4788 12120 2006-11-30T03:55:21Z सहाय 223 एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} [[en:Lithium]] 4789 12121 2006-11-30T03:55:38Z सहाय 223 एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} [[en:Berellium]] 4790 12122 2006-11-30T03:56:02Z सहाय 223 एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} [[en:Boron]] 4791 12013 2006-11-30T03:28:35Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4792 12014 2006-11-30T03:28:45Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4793 12015 2006-11-30T03:28:55Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4794 12016 2006-11-30T03:29:07Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4795 12017 2006-11-30T03:29:17Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4796 12018 2006-11-30T03:29:28Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4797 12019 2006-11-30T03:29:38Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4798 12020 2006-11-30T03:30:05Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4799 12021 2006-11-30T03:30:14Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4800 12022 2006-11-30T03:30:25Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4801 12023 2006-11-30T03:30:36Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4802 12024 2006-11-30T03:30:47Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4803 12025 2006-11-30T03:30:59Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4804 12026 2006-11-30T03:31:10Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4805 12027 2006-11-30T03:31:30Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4806 12028 2006-11-30T03:31:40Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4807 12029 2006-11-30T03:31:49Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4808 12030 2006-11-30T03:32:00Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4809 12031 2006-11-30T03:32:13Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4810 12032 2006-11-30T03:32:30Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4811 12033 2006-11-30T03:32:40Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4812 12034 2006-11-30T03:32:50Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4813 12035 2006-11-30T03:33:00Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4814 12036 2006-11-30T03:33:11Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4815 12037 2006-11-30T03:33:22Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4816 12038 2006-11-30T03:33:30Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4817 12039 2006-11-30T03:33:41Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4818 12040 2006-11-30T03:33:51Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4819 12041 2006-11-30T03:34:06Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4820 12042 2006-11-30T03:34:16Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4821 12043 2006-11-30T03:34:26Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4822 12044 2006-11-30T03:34:35Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4823 12045 2006-11-30T03:34:45Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4824 12046 2006-11-30T03:35:12Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4825 12047 2006-11-30T03:35:22Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4826 12048 2006-11-30T03:35:31Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4827 12049 2006-11-30T03:35:54Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4828 12050 2006-11-30T03:36:06Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4829 12051 2006-11-30T03:36:17Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4830 12052 2006-11-30T03:36:27Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4831 12053 2006-11-30T03:36:39Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4832 12054 2006-11-30T03:36:50Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4833 12055 2006-11-30T03:37:07Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4834 12056 2006-11-30T03:37:18Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4835 12057 2006-11-30T03:37:28Z सहाय 223 New 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{{एलेमेन्ट}} 4842 12064 2006-11-30T03:38:46Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4843 12065 2006-11-30T03:38:56Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4844 12066 2006-11-30T03:39:08Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4845 12067 2006-11-30T03:39:18Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4846 12418 2006-12-07T23:40:22Z 24.170.250.234 एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट} 4847 12069 2006-11-30T03:39:48Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4848 12070 2006-11-30T03:40:01Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4849 12071 2006-11-30T03:40:15Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4850 12072 2006-11-30T03:40:26Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4851 12073 2006-11-30T03:40:47Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4852 12074 2006-11-30T03:40:57Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4853 12075 2006-11-30T03:41:07Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4854 12076 2006-11-30T03:41:17Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4855 12077 2006-11-30T03:41:25Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4856 12078 2006-11-30T03:41:34Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4857 12079 2006-11-30T03:41:43Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4858 12080 2006-11-30T03:41:52Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4859 12081 2006-11-30T03:42:02Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4860 12082 2006-11-30T03:42:11Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4861 12083 2006-11-30T03:42:20Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4862 12084 2006-11-30T03:42:29Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4863 12085 2006-11-30T03:42:39Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4864 12086 2006-11-30T03:42:48Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4865 12087 2006-11-30T03:42:57Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4866 12088 2006-11-30T03:43:06Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4867 12089 2006-11-30T03:43:16Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4868 12090 2006-11-30T03:43:25Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4869 12091 2006-11-30T03:43:34Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4870 12092 2006-11-30T03:43:44Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4871 12093 2006-11-30T03:44:15Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4872 12094 2006-11-30T03:44:28Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4873 12095 2006-11-30T03:44:37Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4874 12096 2006-11-30T03:44:45Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4875 12097 2006-11-30T03:44:53Z सहाय 223 New 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{{एलेमेन्ट}} 4882 12104 2006-11-30T03:45:57Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4883 12105 2006-11-30T03:46:06Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4884 12106 2006-11-30T03:46:16Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4885 12107 2006-11-30T03:46:25Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4886 12108 2006-11-30T03:46:34Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4887 12109 2006-11-30T03:46:44Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4888 12110 2006-11-30T03:46:53Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4889 12111 2006-11-30T03:47:04Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4890 12112 2006-11-30T03:47:13Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4891 12113 2006-11-30T03:47:23Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4892 12114 2006-11-30T03:47:32Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4893 12115 2006-11-30T03:47:42Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4894 12116 2006-11-30T03:47:51Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4895 12117 2006-11-30T03:48:02Z सहाय 223 New page: एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} एकं भौतिकतत्त्वम् अस्ति। *[[भौतिकी]] {{एलेमेन्ट}} 4896 12909 2006-12-18T20:46:38Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[hi:मैत्रेयी पुष्पा]] '''मैत्रेयी पुष्पा''' ([[30 नवंबर]], [[1944]]) हिन्दी लेखिका एवं [[उपन्यासकार]] अस्ति। ==जीवन== जन्म [[अलीगढ़]] जिले के सिकुर्रा गांव एवं अभवत् . उनके जीवन का आरंभिक भाग [[बुंदेलखण्ड]] में बीता। ==शिक्षा== उनकी आरंभिक शिक्षा [[झांसी]] जिले के खिल्ली गांव में तथा एम.ए.(हिंदी साहित्य) बुंदेलखंड कालेज, झाँसी मे हुआ। ==कृतियाँ== ===उपन्यास=== * स्मृति दंश * चाक * अल्माकबूतरी * कहैं ईसुरी फाग * बेतवा बहती रही ===कथा संग्रह=== * चिन्हार * ललमनियाँ ===कविता संग्रह=== * लकीरें ===कहानी=== * ढैसला * फ़ैसला ==सम्मान== * हिंदी अकादमी द्वारा साहित्य कृति सम्मान * कहानी 'फ़ैसला' पर कथा पुरस्कार मिला * 'बेतवा बहती रही' उपन्यास पर उ.प्र. हिंदी संस्थान द्वारा प्रेमचंद सम्मान * 'इदन्नमम' उपन्यास पर शाश्वती संस्था बंगलौर द्वारा नंजनागुडु तिरुमालंबा पुरस्कार * म.प्र. साहित्य परिषद द्वारा वीरसिंह देव सम्मान == बाहरी कडियाँ == * [http://www.nirantar.org/1006/samvaad/maitrayee मैत्रेयी पुष्पा से बातचीत] ==यह भी देखें== *[[हिन्दी गद्यकार]] *[[हिन्दी साहित्यं]] [[hi:मैत्रेयी पुष्पा]] 4898 12140 2006-11-30T17:43:08Z सहाय 223 [[अमेरिका]] देशे एकं नगरम्। [[en:Wichita]] 4899 12139 2006-11-30T17:41:40Z सहाय 223 New page: '''पुनर्गमनवादम्''' एकं दर्शनम् अस्ति। अस्य स्रोतम् [[वेद]]स्य [[महावाक्यम्]... '''पुनर्गमनवादम्''' एकं दर्शनम् अस्ति। अस्य स्रोतम् [[वेद]]स्य [[महावाक्यम्]] ''यद् पिण्डे तद् ब्रह्माण्डे''। [[en:Recursionism]] [[hi:पुनर्गमनवाद]] 4900 12175 2006-12-02T01:19:43Z Eukesh 157 {{हिन्दू धर्म}} [[Category:हिन्दू धर्म]] 4901 12176 2006-12-02T01:20:00Z Eukesh 157 New page: {{हिन्दू धर्म}} [[Category:हिन्दू धर्म]] {{हिन्दू धर्म}} [[Category:हिन्दू धर्म]] 4902 12177 2006-12-02T01:20:24Z Eukesh 157 New page: {{हिन्दू धर्म}} [[Category:हिन्दू धर्म]] {{हिन्दू धर्म}} [[Category:हिन्दू धर्म]] 4903 12179 2006-12-02T01:21:15Z Eukesh 157 New page: {{हिन्दू धर्म}} [[Category:हिन्दू धर्म]] {{हिन्दू धर्म}} [[Category:हिन्दू धर्म]] 4904 12180 2006-12-02T01:21:33Z Eukesh 157 New page: {{हिन्दू धर्म}} [[Category:हिन्दू धर्म]] {{हिन्दू धर्म}} [[Category:हिन्दू धर्म]] 4905 12181 2006-12-02T01:21:48Z Eukesh 157 New page: {{हिन्दू धर्म}} [[Category:हिन्दू धर्म]] {{हिन्दू धर्म}} [[Category:हिन्दू धर्म]] 4906 12183 2006-12-02T01:22:27Z Eukesh 157 New page: {{हिन्दू धर्म}} [[Category:हिन्दू धर्म]] {{हिन्दू धर्म}} [[Category:हिन्दू धर्म]] 4907 12184 2006-12-02T01:22:40Z Eukesh 157 New page: {{हिन्दू धर्म}} [[Category:हिन्दू धर्म]] {{हिन्दू धर्म}} [[Category:हिन्दू धर्म]] 4908 12548 2006-12-08T19:56:40Z Eukesh 157 Redirecting to [[सूत्र]] #REDIRECT[[सूत्र]] 4909 12186 2006-12-02T01:23:08Z Eukesh 157 New page: {{हिन्दू धर्म}} [[Category:हिन्दू धर्म]] {{हिन्दू धर्म}} [[Category:हिन्दू धर्म]] 4910 12187 2006-12-02T01:23:22Z Eukesh 157 New page: {{हिन्दू धर्म}} [[Category:हिन्दू धर्म]] {{हिन्दू धर्म}} [[Category:हिन्दू धर्म]] 4911 12188 2006-12-02T01:23:35Z Eukesh 157 New page: {{हिन्दू धर्म}} [[Category:हिन्दू धर्म]] {{हिन्दू धर्म}} [[Category:हिन्दू धर्म]] 4912 12189 2006-12-02T01:25:09Z Eukesh 157 New page: {{हिन्दू धर्म}} [[Category:हिन्दू धर्म]] {{हिन्दू धर्म}} [[Category:हिन्दू धर्म]] 4913 12219 2006-12-06T01:16:46Z सहाय 223 लिट्लकारः - परोक्षभूतकालः एक वचनम् द्वि वचनम् बहु वचनम् प्रथम पुरु़षः अ अतुः अत म़ध्यम पुरुषः थ अथुः अ उत्तम पुरु़षः अ व म *[[व्‍याकरण]] 4914 12218 2006-12-06T01:16:21Z सहाय 223 ऌट्लकारः - भविष्यत्कालः एक वचनम् द्वि वचनम् बहु वचनम् प्रथम पुरु़षः स्यति स्यतः स्यन्ति म़ध्यम पुरुषः स्यसि स्यथः स्यथ उत्तम पुरु़षः स्यामि स्यावः स्यामः *[[व्‍याकरण]] 4915 12217 2006-12-06T01:15:47Z सहाय 223 लट् वर्तमानकालः एक वचनम् द्वि वचनम् बहु वचनम् प्रथम पुरु़षः ते इते अन्ते म़ध्यम पुरुषः से इथे ध्वे उत्तम पुरु़षः इ वहे महे *[[व्‍याकरण]] 4916 12216 2006-12-06T01:15:28Z सहाय 223 लङ भूतकालः एक वचनम् द्वि वचनम् बहु वचनम् प्रथम पुरु़षः त (अत) एताम् अन्त म़ध्यम पुरुषः थाः (अथाः) इथाम् ध्वम् (अध्वम्) उत्तम पुरु़षः ए आवहि आमहि *[[व्‍याकरण]] 4917 12215 2006-12-06T01:14:50Z सहाय 223 लोट् आज्ञ्यार्थेन एक वचनम् द्वि वचनम् बहु वचनम् प्रथम पुरु़षः ताम् इताम् अन्ताम् म़ध्यम पुरुषः स्व इथाम् ध्वम् उत्तम पुरु़षः ऐ आवहै आमहै *[[व्‍याकरण]] 4918 12214 2006-12-06T01:14:27Z सहाय 223 विधि लिङ्लकारः एक वचनम् द्वि वचनम् बहु वचनम् प्रथम पुरु़षः एत एयाताम् एरन् म़ध्यम पुरुषः एथाः एयाथाम् एध्वम् उत्तम पुरु़षः एय एवहि एमहि *[[व्‍याकरण]] 4919 12212 2006-12-06T01:13:23Z सहाय 223 लिट् परोक्षभूतकालः एक वचनम् द्वि वचनम् बहु वचनम् प्रथम पुरु़षः ए आते इरे म़ध्यम पुरुषः से आथे ध्वे उत्तम पुरु़षः ए वहे महे *[[व्‍याकरण]] 4920 12210 2006-12-06T01:12:24Z सहाय 223 ऌट् भविष्यत्कालः एक वचनम् द्वि वचनम् बहु वचनम् प्रथम पुरु़षः स्यते स्येते स्यन्ते म़ध्यम पुरुषः स्यसे स्येथे स्यध्वे उत्तम पुरु़षः स्ये स्यावहे स्यामहे *[[व्‍याकरण]] 4921 12229 2006-12-06T02:43:43Z सहाय 223 '''नेपाली''' [[नेपाल]] देशस्य प्रमुख [[भाषा]] अस्ति। इदम् [[संस्कृत]] परिवारस्य भाषा अस्ति। [[en:Nepali language]] [[hi:नेपाली]] [[Category:भाषा]] {{नेपाल}} 4922 12245 2006-12-06T03:06:30Z सहाय 223 '''कवितायाः''' [[परिभाषा]]ऽनेकाः सन्ति , किन्तु सर्वमान्या मुख्या परिभाषास्ति '' वाक्यं रसात्मकं काव्यम् ''अर्थात् येन वाक्येन रसोत्पत्तिः भवति तत् वाक्यं कविता कथ्यते। [[रस]],[[छन्द|छन्दालंकारैः]] युक्ता कविता आनन्दोत्पत्तिं करोति। *[[कालिदास]] *[[भवभूति]] *[[रवीन्द्रनाथ ठाकुर]] [[en:Poet]] 4923 12236 2006-12-06T02:56:24Z सहाय 223 New page: शास्त्रस्य विद्वानः *[[शास्त्र]] शास्त्रस्य विद्वानः *[[शास्त्र]] 4924 12238 2006-12-06T02:57:43Z सहाय 223 '''वैज्ञानिक''' A scientist is an expert in at least one area of science who uses the scientific method to do research. [[en:Scientist]] 4925 12243 2006-12-06T03:02:53Z सहाय 223 [[कविः]] moved to [[कवि]] #REDIRECT [[कवि]] 4926 12267 2006-12-06T03:30:42Z सहाय 223 '''कुमारसंभवम्''' नाटकं महाकवि [[कालिदास|कालिदासेन]] विरचितम् । [[en:Kumaarasambhavam]] 4928 12301 2006-12-07T00:58:47Z सहाय 223 '''उपसर्गाः''' [[प्र]] [[परा]] [[अप]] [[सम्]] [[अनु]] [[अव]] [[निस्]] [[दुस्]] [[दुर्]] [[वि]] [[आ (आङ्)]] [[नि]] [[अधि]] [[अपि]] [[अति]] [[सु]] [[उद्]] [[अभि]] [[परि]] [[प्रति]] [[उप]] इति निपाताः अव्ययशब्दाः वा क्रियापदेन युक्ताः उपसर्गाः कथ्यन्ते। *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] 4929 12297 2006-12-07T00:39:02Z सहाय 223 '''प्र''' उपसर्गाणाम् उदाहरणानिः: *[[प्रणामः]] [[प्रकाशः]] [[प्रदीपः]] [[प्रवेशः]] [[प्रभातम्]] *[[उपसर्गाः]] *[[संस्कृत]] 4930 12298 2006-12-07T00:40:40Z सहाय 223 '''परा''' उपसर्गाणाम् उदाहरणानिः: [[पराजयः]] [[पराक्रमः]] [[परामर्शः]] *[[उपसर्गाः]] *[[संस्कृत]] 4931 12299 2006-12-07T00:54:05Z सहाय 223 उपसर्गाणाम् उदाहरणानिः: अपकारः अपशब्दः *[[उपसर्गाः]] *[[संस्कृत]] 4932 12278 2006-12-07T00:32:40Z सहाय 223 New page: उपसर्गाणाम् उदाहरणानिः: *[[उपसर्गाः]] *[[संस्कृत]] उपसर्गाणाम् उदाहरणानिः: *[[उपसर्गाः]] *[[संस्कृत]] 4933 12279 2006-12-07T00:32:51Z सहाय 223 New page: उपसर्गाणाम् उदाहरणानिः: *[[उपसर्गाः]] *[[संस्कृत]] उपसर्गाणाम् उदाहरणानिः: *[[उपसर्गाः]] *[[संस्कृत]] 4934 12280 2006-12-07T00:33:03Z सहाय 223 New page: उपसर्गाणाम् उदाहरणानिः: *[[उपसर्गाः]] *[[संस्कृत]] उपसर्गाणाम् उदाहरणानिः: *[[उपसर्गाः]] *[[संस्कृत]] 4935 12281 2006-12-07T00:33:15Z सहाय 223 New page: उपसर्गाणाम् उदाहरणानिः: *[[उपसर्गाः]] *[[संस्कृत]] उपसर्गाणाम् उदाहरणानिः: *[[उपसर्गाः]] *[[संस्कृत]] 4936 12282 2006-12-07T00:33:26Z सहाय 223 New page: उपसर्गाणाम् उदाहरणानिः: *[[उपसर्गाः]] *[[संस्कृत]] उपसर्गाणाम् उदाहरणानिः: *[[उपसर्गाः]] *[[संस्कृत]] 4937 12283 2006-12-07T00:33:38Z सहाय 223 New page: उपसर्गाणाम् उदाहरणानिः: *[[उपसर्गाः]] *[[संस्कृत]] उपसर्गाणाम् उदाहरणानिः: *[[उपसर्गाः]] *[[संस्कृत]] 4938 12284 2006-12-07T00:33:51Z सहाय 223 New page: उपसर्गाणाम् उदाहरणानिः: *[[उपसर्गाः]] *[[संस्कृत]] उपसर्गाणाम् उदाहरणानिः: *[[उपसर्गाः]] *[[संस्कृत]] 4939 12285 2006-12-07T00:34:04Z सहाय 223 New page: उपसर्गाणाम् उदाहरणानिः: *[[उपसर्गाः]] *[[संस्कृत]] उपसर्गाणाम् उदाहरणानिः: *[[उपसर्गाः]] *[[संस्कृत]] 4940 12286 2006-12-07T00:34:16Z सहाय 223 New page: उपसर्गाणाम् उदाहरणानिः: *[[उपसर्गाः]] *[[संस्कृत]] उपसर्गाणाम् उदाहरणानिः: *[[उपसर्गाः]] *[[संस्कृत]] 4941 12287 2006-12-07T00:34:27Z सहाय 223 New page: उपसर्गाणाम् उदाहरणानिः: *[[उपसर्गाः]] *[[संस्कृत]] उपसर्गाणाम् उदाहरणानिः: *[[उपसर्गाः]] *[[संस्कृत]] 4942 12288 2006-12-07T00:34:39Z सहाय 223 New page: उपसर्गाणाम् उदाहरणानिः: *[[उपसर्गाः]] *[[संस्कृत]] उपसर्गाणाम् उदाहरणानिः: *[[उपसर्गाः]] *[[संस्कृत]] 4943 12289 2006-12-07T00:34:52Z सहाय 223 New page: उपसर्गाणाम् उदाहरणानिः: *[[उपसर्गाः]] *[[संस्कृत]] उपसर्गाणाम् उदाहरणानिः: *[[उपसर्गाः]] *[[संस्कृत]] 4944 12290 2006-12-07T00:35:04Z सहाय 223 New page: उपसर्गाणाम् उदाहरणानिः: *[[उपसर्गाः]] *[[संस्कृत]] उपसर्गाणाम् उदाहरणानिः: *[[उपसर्गाः]] *[[संस्कृत]] 4945 12291 2006-12-07T00:35:15Z सहाय 223 New page: उपसर्गाणाम् उदाहरणानिः: *[[उपसर्गाः]] *[[संस्कृत]] उपसर्गाणाम् उदाहरणानिः: *[[उपसर्गाः]] *[[संस्कृत]] 4946 12292 2006-12-07T00:35:28Z सहाय 223 New page: उपसर्गाणाम् उदाहरणानिः: *[[उपसर्गाः]] *[[संस्कृत]] उपसर्गाणाम् उदाहरणानिः: *[[उपसर्गाः]] *[[संस्कृत]] 4947 12293 2006-12-07T00:35:40Z सहाय 223 New page: उपसर्गाणाम् उदाहरणानिः: *[[उपसर्गाः]] *[[संस्कृत]] उपसर्गाणाम् उदाहरणानिः: *[[उपसर्गाः]] *[[संस्कृत]] 4948 12294 2006-12-07T00:35:51Z सहाय 223 New page: उपसर्गाणाम् उदाहरणानिः: *[[उपसर्गाः]] *[[संस्कृत]] उपसर्गाणाम् उदाहरणानिः: *[[उपसर्गाः]] *[[संस्कृत]] 4949 12295 2006-12-07T00:36:04Z सहाय 223 New page: उपसर्गाणाम् उदाहरणानिः: *[[उपसर्गाः]] *[[संस्कृत]] उपसर्गाणाम् उदाहरणानिः: *[[उपसर्गाः]] *[[संस्कृत]] 4950 12303 2006-12-07T01:04:06Z सहाय 223 Redirecting to [[व्‍याकरण]] #REDIRECT[[व्‍याकरण]] 4951 12313 2006-12-07T01:31:42Z सहाय 223 '''अव्यय'''शब्दाः न परिवर्तति। [[अथ (शुभारम्भे)]] [[अथ (अनन्तरम्)]] [[अपि]] [[अपि (प्रश्ने)]] [[अलम्]] [[इति]] [[इति (समाप्तिसूचकम्)]] [[इव]] [[उच्चैः (उपरि)]] [[उच्चैः (उच्चस्वरेण)]] [[एव]] [[कदा]] [[कुतः]] [[क्व (कुत्र)]] [[खलु]] [[चित्]] [[चेत्]] [[तूष्णीम्]] [[नूनम्]] [[पुरा]] [[मा (निषेधे)]] [[मिथ्या]] [[इतस्ततः]] [[यत् तत्]] [[अत्र तत्र]] [[यथा तथा]] [[यदा तदा]] [[यद्यपि]] [[यदि तर्हि]] [[यावत् तावत्]] [[यादृशं तादृशम्]] [[यादृशः तादृशः]] [[यादृशी तादृशी]] [[वरम्]] [[वा]] [[विना]] [[सहसा]] [[हि]] [[ह्यः]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] 4952 12316 2006-12-07T01:35:15Z सहाय 223 अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] 4953 12317 2006-12-07T01:35:29Z सहाय 223 New page: अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] 4954 12318 2006-12-07T01:35:41Z सहाय 223 New page: अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] 4955 12319 2006-12-07T01:35:53Z सहाय 223 New page: अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] 4956 12320 2006-12-07T01:36:07Z सहाय 223 New page: अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] 4957 12321 2006-12-07T01:36:19Z सहाय 223 New page: अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] 4958 12322 2006-12-07T01:36:31Z सहाय 223 New page: अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] 4959 12323 2006-12-07T01:36:44Z सहाय 223 New page: अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] 4960 12324 2006-12-07T01:37:08Z सहाय 223 New page: अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] 4961 12325 2006-12-07T01:37:21Z सहाय 223 New page: अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] 4962 12326 2006-12-07T01:37:34Z सहाय 223 New page: अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] 4963 12327 2006-12-07T01:37:47Z सहाय 223 New page: अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] 4964 12328 2006-12-07T01:38:00Z सहाय 223 New page: अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] 4965 12329 2006-12-07T01:38:12Z सहाय 223 New page: अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] 4966 12330 2006-12-07T01:38:24Z सहाय 223 New page: अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] 4967 12331 2006-12-07T01:38:37Z सहाय 223 New page: अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] 4968 12365 2006-12-07T03:04:06Z 68.155.65.9 अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् तूष्णीम् (मौनेन) तिष्ठ। *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] 4969 12333 2006-12-07T01:39:09Z सहाय 223 New page: अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] 4970 12334 2006-12-07T01:39:22Z सहाय 223 New page: अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] 4971 12335 2006-12-07T01:39:35Z सहाय 223 New page: अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] 4972 12336 2006-12-07T01:39:49Z सहाय 223 New page: अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] 4973 12337 2006-12-07T01:40:02Z सहाय 223 New page: अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] 4974 12338 2006-12-07T01:40:14Z सहाय 223 New page: अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] 4975 12339 2006-12-07T01:40:27Z सहाय 223 New page: अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] 4976 12340 2006-12-07T01:40:42Z सहाय 223 New page: अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] 4977 12341 2006-12-07T01:40:54Z सहाय 223 New page: अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] 4978 12342 2006-12-07T01:41:07Z सहाय 223 New page: अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] 4979 12364 2006-12-07T03:02:34Z 68.155.65.9 अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् यदि धनम् अस्ति तर्हि दानं कुरु। *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] 4980 12361 2006-12-07T02:59:24Z 68.155.65.9 अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् यावत् श्वासाः तावत् आशाः। *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] 4981 12363 2006-12-07T03:01:16Z 68.155.65.9 अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् यादृशं सूत्रं तादृशम् वस्त्रम्। *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] 4982 12362 2006-12-07T03:00:28Z 68.155.65.9 अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् यादृशः पिताः तादृशः पुत्रः। *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] 4983 12360 2006-12-07T01:53:02Z सहाय 223 अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् यादृशी मतिः तादृशी गतिः। *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] 4984 12359 2006-12-07T01:51:45Z सहाय 223 अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् रणे मरणं वरं न तु पलायनम्। *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] 4985 12358 2006-12-07T01:49:48Z सहाय 223 अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् कः दोषी -- अहं वा त्वं वा। *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] 4986 12357 2006-12-07T01:48:33Z सहाय 223 अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् यत्नं विना रत्नं न लभ्यते। *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] 4987 12356 2006-12-07T01:47:32Z सहाय 223 अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् सहसा किमपि न कुरु। *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] 4988 12355 2006-12-07T01:46:40Z सहाय 223 अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् जनो हि मननशीलः। *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] 4989 12354 2006-12-07T01:45:40Z सहाय 223 '''ह्यः''' अव्ययपदानां उदाहरणानि अधस्तात् ह्यः सोमवारः आसीत्। *[[अव्ययम्]] *[[संस्कृत]] *[[व्याकरण]] 4990 12403 2006-12-07T03:49:22Z सहाय 223 '''अभिनन्दन-वाक्यानि''' [[दीपावली]] [[विजय]] [[पर्वम्]] [[नवागमन]] [[वरेण्यता]] [[दाम्पत्यम्]] [[परीक्षा]] [[यात्रा]] [[शुभेच्छा]] [[अभिनन्दनम्]] [[सप्रेम]] [[स्वतन्त्रता-दिवस्]] [[होलि]] [[सफलता]] [[सन्देश]] [[पोङ्गल्]] [[ओणम्]] [[आरोग्यम्]] [[गृहप्रवेशम्]] [[नववर्षम्]] [[जन्मदिनम्]] *[[संस्‍कृत]] 4991 12373 2006-12-07T03:31:25Z सहाय 223 दीपावल्यां अभिनन्दनम्। *[[अभिनन्दन-वाक्यानि]] 4992 12408 2006-12-07T03:55:39Z सहाय 223 हार्दिकं विजयाभिनन्दनम्। *[[अभिनन्दन-वाक्यानि]] 4993 12410 2006-12-07T03:57:25Z सहाय 223 पर्वणि अभिनन्दनम्। *[[अभिनन्दन-वाक्यानि]] 4994 12409 2006-12-07T03:56:35Z सहाय 223 नवागमने अभिनन्दनम्। *[[अभिनन्दन-वाक्यानि]] 4995 12411 2006-12-07T03:58:10Z सहाय 223 वरेण्यताप्राप्तये अभिनन्दनम्। *[[अभिनन्दन-वाक्यानि]] 4996 12412 2006-12-07T03:59:46Z सहाय 223 अभिनन्दनम्। नवदम्पतीभ्याम् आशीर्वादाः। सुखमय सुदीर्घ दाम्पत्य जीवनाय आन्तरिक शुभेच्छाः। *[[अभिनन्दन-वाक्यानि]] 4997 12413 2006-12-07T04:10:47Z सहाय 223 परीक्षायां साफल्यलाभे अभिनन्दनम्। *[[अभिनन्दन-वाक्यानि]] 4998 12380 2006-12-07T03:33:07Z सहाय 223 New page: अभिनन्दनम्। *[[अभिनन्दन-वाक्यानि]] अभिनन्दनम्। *[[अभिनन्दन-वाक्यानि]] 4999 12381 2006-12-07T03:33:19Z सहाय 223 New page: अभिनन्दनम्। *[[अभिनन्दन-वाक्यानि]] अभिनन्दनम्। *[[अभिनन्दन-वाक्यानि]] 5000 12382 2006-12-07T03:33:34Z सहाय 223 New page: अभिनन्दनम्। *[[अभिनन्दन-वाक्यानि]] अभिनन्दनम्। *[[अभिनन्दन-वाक्यानि]] 5001 12383 2006-12-07T03:33:47Z सहाय 223 New page: अभिनन्दनम्। *[[अभिनन्दन-वाक्यानि]] अभिनन्दनम्। *[[अभिनन्दन-वाक्यानि]] 5002 12384 2006-12-07T03:33:58Z सहाय 223 New page: अभिनन्दनम्। *[[अभिनन्दन-वाक्यानि]] अभिनन्दनम्। *[[अभिनन्दन-वाक्यानि]] 5003 12398 2006-12-07T03:44:25Z सहाय 223 होलि-पर्वणि हार्दिकाभिनन्दनम्। *[[अभिनन्दन-वाक्यानि]] 5004 12386 2006-12-07T03:34:21Z सहाय 223 New page: अभिनन्दनम्। *[[अभिनन्दन-वाक्यानि]] अभिनन्दनम्। *[[अभिनन्दन-वाक्यानि]] 5005 12387 2006-12-07T03:34:33Z सहाय 223 New page: अभिनन्दनम्। *[[अभिनन्दन-वाक्यानि]] अभिनन्दनम्। *[[अभिनन्दन-वाक्यानि]] 5006 12396 2006-12-07T03:41:32Z सहाय 223 पोङ्गल्-पर्वणि हार्दिकाभिनन्दनम्। *[[अभिनन्दन-वाक्यानि]] 5007 12395 2006-12-07T03:40:29Z सहाय 223 ओणम्-पर्वणि हार्दिकाभिनन्दनम्। *[[अभिनन्दन-वाक्यानि]] 5008 12394 2006-12-07T03:39:24Z सहाय 223 आरोग्यं त्वरितं भूयात्। *[[अभिनन्दन-वाक्यानि]] 5009 12393 2006-12-07T03:38:14Z सहाय 223 गृहप्रवेशाय हार्दिकाभिनन्दनम्। *[[अभिनन्दन-वाक्यानि]] 5010 12392 2006-12-07T03:36:49Z सहाय 223 New page: मया गभीरसमवेदना। *[[संस्कृत]] मया गभीरसमवेदना। *[[संस्कृत]] 5011 12406 2006-12-07T03:51:24Z सहाय 223 शुभं नववर्षम्। नववर्षं सुखसमृद्धिमयं भूयात्। नववर्षं नवचैतन्यं ददातु। *[[अभिनन्दन-वाक्यानि]] 5012 12407 2006-12-07T03:52:09Z सहाय 223 शुभं जन्मदिनम्। जन्मदिनाय शुभकामनाः। *[[अभिनन्दन-वाक्यानि]] 5014 12419 2006-12-08T02:24:47Z 65.0.122.38 New page: '''तमिल-नाडु''' '''तमिल-नाडु''' 5015 12530 2006-12-08T14:42:39Z सहाय 223 [[भारत]]इतिहासम् अति प्राचीनम् अस्ति। इमे अधस्तात् प्रदत्ताः- ===यादवकुलम्=== [[मनु]] | [[इला]] | [[पुरुरवस्]] | [[आयु]] | [[नहुष]] | [[ययाति]] | [[यदु]] | [[क्रोष्टु]] | [[वृजिनिवन्त्]] | [[स्वाहि]] | [[रुशद्गु]] | [[चित्ररथ]] | [[शशबिन्दु]] | [[पृथुश्रवस्]] | [[अन्तर]] | [[सुयज्ञ ]] | [[उशनस्]] | [[शिनेयु]] | [[मरुत्त]] | [[कम्बलबर्हिस्]] | [[रुक्मकवच]] | [[परावृत्]] | [[ज्यामघ]] | [[विदर्भ]] | [[क्रथभीम]] | [[कुन्ति]] | [[धृष्ट]] | [[निर्वृति]] | [[विदूरथ]] | [[दशार्ह]] | [[व्योमन्]] | [[जीमूत]] | [[विकृति]] | [[भीमरथ]] | [[रथवर]] | [[दशरथ]] | [[एकादशरथ]] | [[शकुनि]] | [[करम्भ]] | [[देवरात]] | [[देवक्षत्र]] | [[देवन]] | [[मधु]] | [[पुरुवश]] | [[पुरुद्वन्त]] | [[जन्तु]] | [[सत्वन्त्]] | [[भीम]] | [[अन्धक]] | [[कुकुर]] | [[वृष्णि]] | [[कपोतरोमन]] | [[विलोमन्]] | [[नल]] | [[अभिजित्]] | [[पुनर्वसु]] | [[उग्रसेन]] | [[कंस]] | [[कृष्ण]] | [[साम्ब]] ===पौरवकुलम्=== [[मनु]] | [[इला]] | [[पुरुरवस्]] | [[आयु]] | [[नहुष]] | [[ययाति]] | [[पूरु]] | [[जनमेजय]] | [[प्राचीन्वन्त्]] | [[प्रवीर]] | [[मनस्यु]] | [[अभयद]] | [[सुधन्वन्]] | [[बहुगव]] | [[संयति]] | [[अहंयाति]] | [[रौद्राश्व]] | [[ऋचेयु]] | [[मतिनार]] | [[तंसु]] | ===अयोध्याकुलम्=== [[मनु]] | [[इक्ष्वाकु]] | [[विकुक्षि-शशाद]] | [[कुकुत्स्थ]] | [[अनेनस्]] | [[पृथु]] | [[विष्टराश्व]] | [[आर्द्र]] | [[युवनाश्व]] | [[श्रावस्त]] | [[बृहदश्व]] | [[कुवलाश्व]] | [[दृढाश्व]] | [[प्रमोद]] | [[हरयश्व]] | [[निकुम्भ]] | [[संहताश्व]] | [[अकृशाश्व]] | [[प्रसेनजित्]] | [[युवनाश्व २]] | [[मान्धातृ]] 5016 12971 2006-12-18T23:23:37Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[hi:स्वयंभुव मनु]] सः यादवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[यादवकुल]] [[hi:स्वयंभुव मनु]] 5017 12425 2006-12-08T02:46:06Z सहाय 223 New page: सः यादवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[यादवकुल]] सः यादवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[यादवकुल]] 5018 12426 2006-12-08T02:46:17Z सहाय 223 New page: सः यादवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[यादवकुल]] सः यादवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[यादवकुल]] 5019 12427 2006-12-08T02:46:31Z सहाय 223 New page: सः यादवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[यादवकुल]] सः यादवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[यादवकुल]] 5020 12428 2006-12-08T02:46:43Z सहाय 223 New page: सः यादवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[यादवकुल]] सः यादवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[यादवकुल]] 5021 12429 2006-12-08T02:46:56Z सहाय 223 New page: सः यादवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[यादवकुल]] सः यादवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[यादवकुल]] 5022 12430 2006-12-08T02:47:18Z सहाय 223 New page: सः यादवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[यादवकुल]] सः यादवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[यादवकुल]] 5023 12431 2006-12-08T02:47:34Z सहाय 223 New page: सः यादवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[यादवकुल]] सः यादवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[यादवकुल]] 5024 12432 2006-12-08T02:47:46Z सहाय 223 New page: सः यादवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[यादवकुल]] सः यादवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[यादवकुल]] 5025 12433 2006-12-08T02:47:59Z सहाय 223 New page: सः यादवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[यादवकुल]] सः यादवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[यादवकुल]] 5026 12434 2006-12-08T02:48:12Z सहाय 223 New page: सः यादवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[यादवकुल]] सः यादवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[यादवकुल]] 5027 12435 2006-12-08T02:48:25Z सहाय 223 New page: सः यादवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[यादवकुल]] सः यादवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[यादवकुल]] 5028 12436 2006-12-08T02:48:38Z सहाय 223 New page: सः यादवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[यादवकुल]] सः यादवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[यादवकुल]] 5029 12437 2006-12-08T02:48:49Z सहाय 223 New page: सः यादवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[यादवकुल]] सः यादवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[यादवकुल]] 5030 12438 2006-12-08T02:49:02Z सहाय 223 New page: सः यादवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[यादवकुल]] सः यादवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[यादवकुल]] 5031 12439 2006-12-08T02:49:15Z सहाय 223 New page: सः यादवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[यादवकुल]] सः यादवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[यादवकुल]] 5032 12440 2006-12-08T02:49:35Z सहाय 223 New page: सः यादवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[यादवकुल]] सः यादवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[यादवकुल]] 5033 12441 2006-12-08T02:49:47Z सहाय 223 New page: सः यादवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[यादवकुल]] सः यादवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[यादवकुल]] 5034 12442 2006-12-08T02:49:59Z सहाय 223 New page: सः यादवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[यादवकुल]] सः यादवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[यादवकुल]] 5035 12443 2006-12-08T02:50:12Z सहाय 223 New page: सः यादवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[यादवकुल]] सः यादवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[यादवकुल]] 5036 12444 2006-12-08T02:50:25Z सहाय 223 New page: सः यादवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[यादवकुल]] सः यादवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[यादवकुल]] 5037 12445 2006-12-08T02:50:38Z सहाय 223 New page: सः यादवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[यादवकुल]] 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सः यादवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[यादवकुल]] 5067 12476 2006-12-08T02:57:38Z सहाय 223 New page: सः यादवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[यादवकुल]] सः यादवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[यादवकुल]] 5068 12477 2006-12-08T02:57:50Z सहाय 223 New page: सः यादवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[यादवकुल]] सः यादवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[यादवकुल]] 5069 12478 2006-12-08T02:58:02Z सहाय 223 New page: सः यादवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[यादवकुल]] सः यादवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[यादवकुल]] 5070 12479 2006-12-08T02:58:15Z सहाय 223 New page: सः यादवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[यादवकुल]] सः यादवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[यादवकुल]] 5071 12480 2006-12-08T02:58:27Z सहाय 223 New page: सः यादवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[यादवकुल]] सः यादवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[यादवकुल]] 5072 12481 2006-12-08T02:58:40Z सहाय 223 New page: सः यादवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[यादवकुल]] सः यादवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[यादवकुल]] 5073 12482 2006-12-08T02:58:52Z सहाय 223 New page: सः यादवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[यादवकुल]] सः यादवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[यादवकुल]] 5074 12739 2006-12-16T17:42:03Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: ca, cs, da, de, en, eo, es, fi, fr, he, it, ja, kn, nl, nn, no, pl, pt, ru, sh, simple, sl, sr, sv, ta, uk, ur '''कृष्णः''' यादवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। सः [[विष्णु]]-अवतारः आसीत्। तेन् [[भगवद्गीता]] संवाद प्रदत्तः। गीतायाम् अष्टादश अध्यायाः सन्ति। दशमे अध्याये श्रीकृष्णः स्वदिव्यस्वरूपं वर्णयति। एकादशे अध्याये सः [[अर्जुन|अर्जुनं]] स्वस्य विश्वरूपं दर्शयति। द्वादशे अध्याये भक्तस्य दिव्यगुणाः वर्णिताः। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[यादवकुल]] [[ca:Krishna]] [[cs:Kršna]] [[da:Krishna]] [[de:Krishna]] [[en:Krishna]] [[eo:Kriŝno]] [[es:Krishna]] [[fi:Krishna]] [[fr:Krishna]] [[he:קרישנה]] [[hi:कृष्ण]] [[hu:Krisna]] [[it:Kṛṣṇa]] [[ja:クリシュナ]] [[kn:ಕೃಷ್ಣ]] [[nl:Krishna]] [[nn:Krisjna]] [[no:Krishna]] [[pl:Kryszna (bóg)]] [[pt:Krishna]] [[ru:Кришна]] [[sh:Krišna]] [[simple:Krishna]] [[sl:Krišna]] [[sr:Кришна]] [[sv:Krishna]] [[ta:கிருஷ்ணர்]] [[uk:Крішна]] [[ur:کرشن]] 5075 12534 2006-12-08T14:50:52Z सहाय 223 '''साम्ब''' यादवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। सः [[कृष्ण]]स्य पुत्रः आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[यादवकुल]] 5076 12485 2006-12-08T03:00:12Z सहाय 223 New page: [[मनु]] | [[इला]] | [[पुरुरवस्]] | [[आयु]] | [[नहुष]] | [[ययाति]] | [[यदु]] | [[क्रोष्टु]] | [[वृजिनि... [[मनु]] | [[इला]] | [[पुरुरवस्]] | [[आयु]] | [[नहुष]] | [[ययाति]] | [[यदु]] | [[क्रोष्टु]] | [[वृजिनिवन्त्]] | [[स्वाहि]] | [[रुशद्गु]] | [[चित्ररथ]] | [[शशबिन्दु]] | [[पृथुश्रवस्]] | [[अन्तर]] | [[सुयज्ञ ]] | [[उशनस्]] | [[शिनेयु]] | [[मरुत्त]] | [[कम्बलबर्हिस्]] | [[रुक्मकवच]] | [[परावृत्]] | [[ज्यामघ]] | [[विदर्भ]] | [[क्रथभीम]] | [[कुन्ति]] | [[धृष्ट]] | [[निर्वृति]] | [[विदूरथ]] | [[दशार्ह]] | [[व्योमन्]] | [[जीमूत]] | [[विकृति]] | [[भीमरथ]] | [[रथवर]] | [[दशरथ]] | [[एकादशरथ]] | [[शकुनि]] | [[करम्भ]] | [[देवरात]] | [[देवक्षत्र]] | [[देवन]] | [[मधु]] | [[पुरुवश]] | [[पुरुद्वन्त]] | [[जन्तु]] | [[सत्वन्त्]] | [[भीम]] | [[अन्धक]] | [[कुकुर]] | [[वृष्णि]] | [[कपोतरोमन]] | [[विलोमन्]] | [[नल]] | [[अभिजित्]] | [[पुनर्वसु]] | [[उग्रसेन]] | [[कंस]] | [[कृष्ण]] | [[साम्ब]] 5077 12489 2006-12-08T03:12:09Z सहाय 223 सः पौरवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[पौरवकुल]] 5078 12532 2006-12-08T14:45:54Z सहाय 223 '''जनमेजय''' पौरवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[पौरवकुल]] 5079 12491 2006-12-08T03:12:59Z सहाय 223 New page: सः पौरवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[पौरवकुल]] सः पौरवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[पौरवकुल]] 5080 12492 2006-12-08T03:13:12Z सहाय 223 New page: सः पौरवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[पौरवकुल]] सः पौरवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[पौरवकुल]] 5081 12493 2006-12-08T03:13:25Z सहाय 223 New page: सः पौरवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[पौरवकुल]] सः पौरवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[पौरवकुल]] 5082 12494 2006-12-08T03:13:38Z सहाय 223 New page: सः पौरवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[पौरवकुल]] सः पौरवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[पौरवकुल]] 5083 12495 2006-12-08T03:13:51Z सहाय 223 New page: सः पौरवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[पौरवकुल]] सः पौरवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[पौरवकुल]] 5084 12496 2006-12-08T03:14:04Z सहाय 223 New page: सः पौरवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[पौरवकुल]] सः पौरवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[पौरवकुल]] 5085 12497 2006-12-08T03:14:16Z सहाय 223 New page: सः पौरवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[पौरवकुल]] सः पौरवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[पौरवकुल]] 5086 12498 2006-12-08T03:14:29Z सहाय 223 New page: सः पौरवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[पौरवकुल]] सः पौरवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[पौरवकुल]] 5087 12499 2006-12-08T03:14:43Z सहाय 223 New page: सः पौरवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[पौरवकुल]] सः पौरवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[पौरवकुल]] 5088 12500 2006-12-08T03:14:59Z सहाय 223 New page: सः पौरवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[पौरवकुल]] सः पौरवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[पौरवकुल]] 5089 12501 2006-12-08T03:15:13Z सहाय 223 New page: सः पौरवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[पौरवकुल]] सः पौरवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[पौरवकुल]] 5090 12502 2006-12-08T03:15:27Z सहाय 223 New page: सः पौरवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[पौरवकुल]] सः पौरवकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[पौरवकुल]] 5091 12504 2006-12-08T03:17:05Z सहाय 223 सः अयोध्याकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[अयोध्याकुल]] 5092 12505 2006-12-08T03:17:20Z सहाय 223 New page: सः अयोध्याकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[अयोध्याकुल]] सः अयोध्याकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[अयोध्याकुल]] 5093 12506 2006-12-08T03:17:33Z सहाय 223 New page: सः अयोध्याकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[अयोध्याकुल]] सः अयोध्याकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[अयोध्याकुल]] 5094 12507 2006-12-08T03:17:45Z सहाय 223 New page: सः अयोध्याकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[अयोध्याकुल]] सः अयोध्याकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[अयोध्याकुल]] 5095 12508 2006-12-08T03:17:58Z सहाय 223 New page: सः अयोध्याकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[अयोध्याकुल]] सः अयोध्याकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[अयोध्याकुल]] 5096 12509 2006-12-08T03:19:25Z सहाय 223 New page: [[मनु]] | [[इक्ष्वाकु]] | [[विकुक्षि-शशाद]] | [[कुकुत्स्थ]] | [[अनेनस्]] | [[पृथु]] | [[मनु]] | [[इक्ष्वाकु]] | [[विकुक्षि-शशाद]] | [[कुकुत्स्थ]] | [[अनेनस्]] | [[पृथु]] | 5097 12510 2006-12-08T03:19:47Z सहाय 223 New page: [[मनु]] | [[इला]] | [[पुरुरवस्]] | [[आयु]] | [[नहुष]] | [[ययाति]] | [[पूरु]] | [[जनमेजय]] | [[प्राचीन... [[मनु]] | [[इला]] | [[पुरुरवस्]] | [[आयु]] | [[नहुष]] | [[ययाति]] | [[पूरु]] | [[जनमेजय]] | [[प्राचीन्वन्त्]] | [[प्रवीर]] | [[मनस्यु]] | [[अभयद]] | [[सुधन्वन्]] | [[बहुगव]] | [[संयति]] | [[अहंयाति]] | [[रौद्राश्व]] | [[ऋचेयु]] | [[मतिनार]] | [[तंसु]] | 5098 12512 2006-12-08T03:27:37Z सहाय 223 New page: सः अयोध्याकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[अयोध्याकुल]] सः अयोध्याकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[अयोध्याकुल]] 5099 12513 2006-12-08T03:27:54Z सहाय 223 New page: सः अयोध्याकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[अयोध्याकुल]] सः अयोध्याकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[अयोध्याकुल]] 5100 12514 2006-12-08T03:28:07Z सहाय 223 New page: सः अयोध्याकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[अयोध्याकुल]] सः अयोध्याकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[अयोध्याकुल]] 5101 12515 2006-12-08T03:28:21Z सहाय 223 New page: सः अयोध्याकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[अयोध्याकुल]] सः अयोध्याकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[अयोध्याकुल]] 5102 12516 2006-12-08T03:28:33Z सहाय 223 New page: सः अयोध्याकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[अयोध्याकुल]] सः अयोध्याकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[अयोध्याकुल]] 5103 12517 2006-12-08T03:28:47Z सहाय 223 New page: सः अयोध्याकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[अयोध्याकुल]] सः अयोध्याकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[अयोध्याकुल]] 5104 12518 2006-12-08T03:29:21Z सहाय 223 New page: सः अयोध्याकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[अयोध्याकुल]] सः अयोध्याकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[अयोध्याकुल]] 5105 12519 2006-12-08T03:29:34Z सहाय 223 New page: सः अयोध्याकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[अयोध्याकुल]] सः अयोध्याकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[अयोध्याकुल]] 5106 12520 2006-12-08T03:29:46Z सहाय 223 New page: सः अयोध्याकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[अयोध्याकुल]] सः अयोध्याकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[अयोध्याकुल]] 5107 12521 2006-12-08T03:30:00Z सहाय 223 New page: सः अयोध्याकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[अयोध्याकुल]] सः अयोध्याकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[अयोध्याकुल]] 5108 12522 2006-12-08T03:30:14Z सहाय 223 New page: सः अयोध्याकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[अयोध्याकुल]] सः अयोध्याकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[अयोध्याकुल]] 5109 12523 2006-12-08T03:30:27Z सहाय 223 New page: सः अयोध्याकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[अयोध्याकुल]] सः अयोध्याकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[अयोध्याकुल]] 5110 12531 2006-12-08T14:44:57Z सहाय 223 '''प्रसेनजित्''' अयोध्याकुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[अयोध्याकुल]] 5111 12525 2006-12-08T03:31:39Z सहाय 223 New page: सः अयोध्याकुलस्य [[सम्राट]] आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[अयोध्याकुल]] सः अयोध्याकुलस्य [[सम्राट]] आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[अयोध्याकुल]] 5112 12527 2006-12-08T03:32:46Z सहाय 223 New page: सः [[अयोध्या]]कुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[अयोध्याकुल]] सः [[अयोध्या]]कुलस्य राजा आसीत्। *[[प्राचीन-वंशावली]] *[[अयोध्याकुल]] 5113 12544 2006-12-08T15:07:55Z सहाय 223 [[कृष्ण]] moved to [[श्रीकृष्णः]] #REDIRECT [[श्रीकृष्णः]] 5114 12550 2006-12-09T15:33:04Z 74.230.200.92 New page: द्रौपदी का जन्म महाराज द्रुपद के यहाँ यज्ञकुण्ड से हुआ था. द्रौपदी का वि... द्रौपदी का जन्म महाराज द्रुपद के यहाँ यज्ञकुण्ड से हुआ था. द्रौपदी का विवाह पाँचों पाण्डव से हुआ था. [[hi:द्रौपदी]] 5115 12719 2006-12-16T13:10:03Z Escarbot 175 robot Adding: [[qu:Simi kapchiy]] '''प्राचीन साहित्यम्''' किसी [[भाषा]] के शास्त्रसमूह को साहित्य कह सकते हैं । भारतीय वाङ्गमय को [[काल]] की दृष्टि से निम्नलिखित भागों में विभक्त किया गया है - {| {{subst:prettytable}} |+भारतीय वाङ्गमय के भाग |- !साहित्य !वसंतसंपात् !काल अवधि !काल |- |[[ऋग्वेद]] |मृगशिरा |६०००-४००० BC |[[प्राचीन]] |- |शतपथ ब्राह्मण |रोहिणी |२५०० BC |[[प्राचीन]] |- |अथर्ववेद तैत्तरीयसंहिता बौधायन श्रौतसूत्र |कृत्तिका |१३३०-८०० BC |[[प्राचीन]] |- |वेदाङ्ग ज्योतिष वाराहमिहिर |भरिणी |१२०० BC |[[प्राचीन]] |- |[[महाभारत]] |अश्विनी |५४० BC |[[प्राचीन]] |- |वैशेषिक दर्शन |? |६०० BC |[[मध्य]] |- |बुद्धावतार |? |५०० BC |[[मध्य]] |- |[[कौटिलीय अर्थशास्त्र]] |? |३०० BC |[[मध्य]] |- |[[आर्यभट]] |? |४९९ AD |[[मध्य]] |- |भास्कर द्वितीय |? |१११४ AD |[[मध्य]] |- |समराङ्गण सूत्रधार |? |११०० AD |[[मध्य]] |- |२०वीं शताब्दी |पूर्वाभाद्रपदा |१९०० AD |[[अर्वाचीन]] (Modern) |} [[भारत]] का [[संस्कृत]] साहित्य [[ऋग्वेद]] से आरम्भ होता है । [[व्यास]], [[वाल्मीकि]] जैसे पौराणिक [[ऋषि]]यों ने [[महाभारत]] एवं [[रामायण]] जैसे महाकाव्यों की रचना की । [[भास]], [[कालिदास]] एवं अन्य कवियों ने संस्कृत में नाटक लिखे। भक्त साहित्य में [[अवधी]] में [गोस्वमी तुलसीदास], [[बृज भाषा]] में [[सूरदास]], मारवाड़ी में [[मीरा बाई]] , खड़ीबोली में (?) [[कबीर]], [[रसखान]], [[मैथिली]] में [[विद्यापति]] आदि प्रमुख हैं . हिन्दी साहित्य में [[कथा]], [[कहानी]] और [[उपन्यास]] के लेखन में [[प्रेमचन्द]] का महान योगदान है . [[ग्रीक]] साहित्य में [[होमर]] के [[इलियड]] और [[ऑडसी]] विश्वप्रसिद्ध हैं । [[अंग्रेज़ी]] साहित्य में [[शेक्स्पियर]] का नाम कौन नहीं जानता . ==बाहरी कड़ियाँ== * [http://www.abhivyakti-hindi.org समकालीन हिंदी साहित्य की जाल-पत्रिका 'अभिव्यक्ति'] * [http://hi.literature.wikia.com हिन्दी काव्य] * [http://directory.google.com/Top/World/Hindi/कला/साहित्य/ Google's category on literature in Hindi] * [http://wikisource.org/wiki/Main_Page Wikisource] * [http://geeta-kavita.com/ A popular site to read Hindi poems and articles in Devnagri script] *[http://www.indianenglishliterature.com Indan English Literature ] {{stub}} [[af:Literatuur]] [[an:Literatura]] [[ar:أدب]] [[ast:Lliteratura]] [[az:Ədəbiyyat]] [[bar:Literatur]] [[bg:Литература]] [[bn:সাহিত্য]] [[br:Lennegezh]] [[bs:Književnost]] [[ca:Literatura]] [[co:Littiratura]] [[cs:Literatura]] [[csb:Lëteratura]] [[cy:Llenyddiaeth]] [[da:Litteratur]] [[de:Literatur]] [[el:Λογοτεχνία]] [[en:Literature]] [[eo:Literaturo]] [[es:Literatura]] [[et:Kirjandus]] [[eu:Literatura]] [[fa:ادبیات]] [[fi:Kirjallisuus]] [[fiu-vro:Kirändüs]] [[fo:Bókmentir]] [[fr:Littérature]] [[frp:Litèratura]] [[fur:Leterature]] [[fy:Literatuer]] [[ga:Litríocht]] [[gl:Literatura]] [[he:ספרות]] [[hi:साहित्य]] [[hr:Književnost]] [[hu:Irodalom]] [[ia:Litteratura]] [[id:Sastra]] [[ilo:Literatura]] [[io:Literaturo]] [[it:Letteratura]] [[ja:文学]] [[jv:Sastra]] [[ka:ლიტერატურა]] [[ko:문학]] [[ku:Wêje]] [[la:Litterae]] [[lb:Literatur]] [[li:Literatuur]] [[lt:Literatūra]] [[lv:Literatūra]] [[mk:Литература]] [[ml:സാഹിത്യം]] [[mt:Letteratura]] [[nds:Literatur]] [[ne:साहित्य]] [[nl:Literatuur]] [[nn:Litteratur]] [[no:Litteratur]] [[nrm:Littéthatuthe]] [[oc:Literatura]] [[os:Литературæ]] [[pam:Literatura]] [[pl:Literatura]] [[pt:Literatura]] [[qu:Simi kapchiy]] [[ro:Literatură]] [[ru:Литература]] [[scn:Littiratura]] [[sco:Leiteratur]] [[sh:Književnost]] [[simple:Literature]] [[sk:Literatúra]] [[sl:Književnost]] [[sq:Letërsia]] [[sr:Књижевност]] [[sv:Litteratur]] [[sw:Fasihi]] [[tg:Адабиёт]] [[th:วรรณกรรม]] [[tl:Panitikan]] [[tr:Edebiyat]] [[tt:Ädäbiät]] [[ug:ئەدەبىيات]] [[uk:Література]] [[vec:Łiteratura]] [[vi:Văn chương]] [[wa:Belès letes]] [[yi:ליטעראטור]] [[zh:文学]] [[zh-min-nan:Bûn-ha̍k]] [[zh-yue:文學]] 5116 12595 2006-12-10T22:03:24Z DaGizza 117 [[श्रीकृष्णः]] moved to [[कृष्णः]]: Shri is unencyclopedic, see English Wikipedia article, it has no shri #REDIRECT [[कृष्णः]] 5117 12601 2006-12-11T19:36:36Z 4.23.183.36 HHa ha, ha. I'm doing this again. This is fun. Stop looking at me that way. Im just afew words. Your so mean. Stop it. I'm telling. What is this place.your weird. haha. bi bi. 5119 12877 2006-12-18T18:18:55Z TXiKiBoT 231 robot Adding: [[de:Nakshatras]], [[ja:ナクシャトラ]], [[sv:Nakshatra]] '''नक्षत्र''' आकाशे [[तारा]]-समूह अस्ति। नक्षत्र सूची: [[अथर्ववेद]], [[तैत्तिरीय संहिता]], [[शतपथ ब्राह्मण]] [[लगध]]स्य [[वेदाङ्ग ज्योतिष]] ग्रन्थे लब्धते। {| class="wikitable" align="center" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="" |- bgcolor=#cccccc !#!! नाम !! देवता !! पाश्चात्य नाम !! मानचित्र !!स्थिति |- | 1|| [[Ashvinī]] (अश्विनि) ||केतु ||[[Beta Arietis|β]] and [[Gamma Arietis|γ]] [[Aries (constellation)|Arietis]] || [[Image:Aries constellation map.png|100px]] || 00AR00-13AR20 |- | 2|| [[Bharanī]] (भरणी)||Venus (Shukra)|| [[35 Arietis|35]], [[39 Arietis|39]], and [[41 Arietis|41]] [[Aries (constellation)|Arietis]] || [[Image:Aries constellation map.png|100px]] || 13AR20-26AR40 |- | 3 ||[[Krittikā]] (क्रृत्तिका)||Sun (Ravi) ||[[Pleiades (star cluster)|Pleiades]] || [[Image:Taurus constellation map.png|100px]] || 26AR40-10TA00 |- | 4 ||[[Rohinī]] (रोहिणी)||Moon (Chandra)|| [[Aldebaran]] || [[Image:Taurus constellation map.png|100px]] || 10TA00-23TA20 |- | 5 || [[Mrigashīrsha]] (म्रृगशीर्षा)||Mars(Mangal)|| [[Lambda Orionis|λ]], φ [[Orion (constellation)|Orionis]] ||[[Image:Orion constellation map.png|100px]] || 23TA40-06GE40 |- | 6 || [[Ārdrā]] (आर्द्रा)|| MNN (Rahu)|| [[Betelgeuse]] || [[Image:Orion constellation map.png|100px]] || 06GE40-20GE00 |- | 7 || [[Punarvasu]] (पुनर्वसु)||Jupiter (Guru) ||[[Castor]] and [[Pollux]] || [[Image:Gemini constellation map.png|100px]] || 20GE00-03CA20 |- | 8 || [[Pushya]] (पुष्य)||Saturn (Shani) ||[[Gamma Cancri|γ]], [[Delta Cancri|δ]] and [[Theta Cancri|θ]] [[Cancer (constellation)|Cancri]] || [[Image:Cancer constellation map.png|100px]] || 03CA20-16CA40 |- | 9 || [[Āshleshā]] (आश्लेषा)||Mercury (Budh) || δ, ε, η, ρ, and [[Sigma Hydrae|σ]] [[Hydra (constellation)|Hydrae]] || [[Image:Hydra constellation map.png|100px]] ||16CA40-30CA500 |- | 10 || [[Maghā]] (मघा)||MSN (Ketu) || [[Regulus]] || [[Image:Leo constellation map.png|100px]] || 00LE00-13LE20 |- | 11 || [[Pūrva Phalgunī]] (पूर्व फाल्गुनी)||Venus (Shukra)|| [[Delta Leonis|δ]] and [[Theta Leonis|θ]] [[Leo (constellation)|Leonis]] || [[Image:Leo constellation map.png|100px]] || 13LE20-26LE40 |- | 12 || [[Uttara Phalgunī]] (उत्तर फाल्गुनी)||Sun (Surya)|| [[Denebola]] || [[Image:Leo constellation map.png|100px]] || 26LE40-10VI00 |- | 13 || [[Hasta]] (हस्त)||Moon (Chandra)|| [[Alpha Corvi|α]], [[Beta Corvi|β]], [[Gamma Corvi|γ]], [[Delta Corvi|δ]] and [[Epsilon Corvi|ε]] [[Corvus (constellation)|Corvi]] ||[[Image:Corvus constellation map.png|100px]] || 10VI00-23VI20 |- | 14 || [[Chitrā]] (चित्रा) ||Mars (Mangal)|| [[Spica]] || [[Image:Virgo constellation map.png|100px]] || 23VI20-06LI40 |- | 15 || [[Svātī]] (स्वाति) ||MNN (Rahu)|| [[Arcturus]] || [[Image:Bootes constellation map.png|100px]] || 06LI40-20LI00 |- | 16 || [[Vishākhā]] (विशाखा)||Jupiter (Guru)|| [[Alpha Librae|α]], [[Beta Librae|β]], [[Gamma Librae|γ]] and ι [[Libra (constellation)|Librae]] ||[[Image:Libra constellation map.png|100px]] || 20LI00-03SC20 |- | 17 || [[Anurādhā]] (अनुराधा) ||Saturn (Shani)|| [[Beta Scorpii|β]], [[Delta Scorpii|δ]] and [[Pi Scorpii|π]] [[Scorpius (constellation)|Scorpionis]] || [[Image:Scorpius constellation map.png|100px]] || 03SC20-16SC40 |- | 18 || [[Jyeshtha]] (ज्येष्ठा)||Mercury (Budh)|| [[Alpha Scorpii|α]], [[Sigma Scorpii|σ]], and [[Tau Scorpii|τ]] [[Scorpius (constellation)|Scorpionis]] || [[Image:Scorpius constellation map.png|100px]] || 16SC40-30SC00 |- | 19 || [[Mūla]] (मूल)||MSN (Ketu)|| [[Epsilon Scorpii|ε]], ζ, [[Eta Scorpii|η]], [[Theta Scorpii|θ]], ι, [[Kappa Scorpii|κ]], [[Lambda Scorpii|λ]], [[Mu Scorpii|μ]] and [[Nu Scorpii|ν]] [[Scorpius (constellation)|Scorpionis]] || [[Image:Scorpius constellation map.png|100px]] || 00SG00-13SG20 |- | 20 || [[Pūrva Ashādhā]] (पूर्वाषाढ़ा)||Venus (Shukra)|| [[Delta Sagittarii|δ]] and [[Epsilon Sagittarii|ε]] [[Sagittarius (constellation)|Sagittarii]] || [[Image:Sagittarius constellation map.png|100px]]|| 13SG20-26SG40 |- | 21 || [[Uttara Ashādhā]] (उत्तराषाढ़ा)||Sun (Surya)|| [[Zeta Sagittarii|ζ]] and [[Sigma Sagittarii|σ]] [[Sagittarius (constellation)|Sagittarii]] || [[Image:Sagittarius constellation map.png|100px]] || 26SG40-10CP00 |- | 22 || [[Shravana]] (श्रवण)||Moon (Chandra)|| [[Alpha Aquilae|α]], [[Beta Aquilae|β]] and [[Gamma Aquilae|γ]] [[Aquila (constellation)|Aquilae]] || [[Image:Aquila constellation map.png|100px]] || 10CP00-23CP20 |- | 23 || [[Shravishthā]] (श्रविष्ठा) or [[Dhanistā]]||Mars (Mangal)|| [[Alpha Delphini|α]] to δ [[Delphinus]] || [[Image:Delphinus constellation map.png|100px]]|| 23CP20-06AQ40 |- | 24 || [[Shatabhishā]] (शतभिषा)||MNN (Rahu)|| [[Gamma Aquarii|γ]] [[Aquarii]] || [[Image:Aquarius constellation map.png|100px]]|| 06AQ40-20AQ00 |- | 25 || [[Pūrva Bhādrapadā]] (पूर्वभाद्रपदा)||Jupiter (Guru)|| [[Alpha Pegasi|α]] and [[Beta Pegasi|β]] [[Pegasus (constellation)|Pegasi]] || [[Image:Pegasus constellation map.png|100px]]|| 20AQ00-03PI20 |- | 26 || [[Uttara Bhādrapadā]] (उत्तरभाद्रपदा)||Saturn (Shani)|| [[Gamma Pegasi|γ]] [[Pegasus (constellation)|Pegasi]] and [[Alpha Andromedae|α]] [[Andromeda (constellation)|Andromedae]] || [[Image:Andromeda constellation map.png|100px]] || 03PI20-16PI40 |- | 27 || [[Revatī]] (रेवती)||Mercury (Budh)|| ζ [[Pisces (constellation)|Piscium]] || [[Image:Pisces constellation map.png|100px]] || 16PI40-30PI00 |} 28वें नक्षत्र का नाम [[Abhijit]] (अभिजित)([[Alpha Lyrae|α]], [[Epsilon Lyrae|ε]] and ζ [[Lyra (constellation)|Lyrae]] - [[Vega]] - between Uttarasharha and Sravana) (required to compensate for the sidereal month being eight hours more than 27 days) है। Unlike the 13°20' range of the 27 proper nakshatras, Abhijit spans 4°14' to reflect the extra span of 7¾ hours. [[de:Nakshatras]] [[en:Nakshatra]] [[hi:नक्षत्र]] [[ja:ナクシャトラ]] [[sv:Nakshatra]] 5121 12686 2006-12-15T17:42:58Z 200.171.1.81 ? wikapedia tibet??????'''Bold text''' 5122 12754 2006-12-17T04:12:15Z DaGizza 117 delete {{delete}} Canada is better than your country 5126 12769 2006-12-17T16:32:06Z Eukesh 157 New page: '''नेपाल स्काउट''' [[नेपाल]]स्यः स्काउटिंग व गाइडिंग संस्था अस्तु। [[Category:स्का... '''नेपाल स्काउट''' [[नेपाल]]स्यः स्काउटिंग व गाइडिंग संस्था अस्तु। [[Category:स्काउट]] 5128 12958 2006-12-18T22:52:32Z Roopa hulikal 219 *[[परस्मै पद धातुः]] *[[आत्मने पद धातुः]] 5129 12948 2006-12-18T22:35:33Z Roopa hulikal 219 New page: एक वचनम् द्वि वचनम् बहु वचनम् प्रथम पुरु़षः स्यते स्येते... एक वचनम् द्वि वचनम् बहु वचनम् प्रथम पुरु़षः स्यते स्येते स्यन्ते म़ध्यम पुरुषः स्यसे स्येथे स्यध्वे उत्तम पुरु़षः स्ये स्यावहे स्यामहे 5130 12956 2006-12-18T22:50:47Z Roopa hulikal 219 New page: *[[लट् लकारः]] *[[लङ् लकारः]] *[[लोट् लकारः]] *[[विधिलिङ् लकारः]] *[[लिट् लकारः]] *[[ऌट्... *[[लट् लकारः]] *[[लङ् लकारः]] *[[लोट् लकारः]] *[[विधिलिङ् लकारः]] *[[लिट् लकारः]] *[[ऌट् लकारः]] 5131 12957 2006-12-18T22:52:03Z Roopa hulikal 219 New page: *[[लट् लकारः - वर्तमानकालः]] *[[लङ् लकारः - भूतकालः]] *[[लोट् लकारः - आज्ञा इत्या... *[[लट् लकारः - वर्तमानकालः]] *[[लङ् लकारः - भूतकालः]] *[[लोट् लकारः - आज्ञा इत्यादि अर्थः]] *[[विधिलिङ् लकारः - आज्ञा इत्यादि अर्थः]] *[[लिट् लकारः - परोक्ष भूतकालः]] *[[ऌट् लकारः - भविष्यत्कालः]] 5132 12966 2006-12-18T23:07:06Z Roopa hulikal 219 New page: लट् लकारः - वर्तमानकालः एक वचनम् द्वि वचनम् बहु वचनम् प्रथम ... लट् लकारः - वर्तमानकालः एक वचनम् द्वि वचनम् बहु वचनम् प्रथम पुरु़षः ति तः अन्ति म़ध्यम पुरुषः सि थः थ उत्तम पुरु़षः मि वः मः 5133 12967 2006-12-18T23:08:24Z Roopa hulikal 219 New page: लोट्लकारः - वर्तमानकालः एक वचनम् द्वि वचनम् बहु वच�... लोट्लकारः - वर्तमानकालः एक वचनम् द्वि वचनम् बहु वचनम् प्रथम पुरु़षः तु-तात् ताम् न्तु(अन्तु) म़ध्यम पुरुषः (हि)तात् तम् त उत्तम पुरु़षः आनि आव आम 5134 13059 2006-12-22T03:13:35Z Roopa hulikal 219 New page: विधिलिङ्लकारः - वर्तमानकालः (आज्ञार्थः) एक वचनम् द्वि वचनम् ... विधिलिङ्लकारः - वर्तमानकालः (आज्ञार्थः) एक वचनम् द्वि वचनम् बहु वचनम् प्रथम पुरु़षः इत् इताम् इयुः म़ध्यम पुरुषः इः इतम् इत उत्तम पुरु़षः इयम् इव इम