Wikipedia afwiki https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuisblad MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.10 first-letter Media Spesiaal Bespreking Gebruiker Gebruikerbespreking Wikipedia Wikipediabespreking Lêer Lêerbespreking MediaWiki MediaWikibespreking Sjabloon Sjabloonbespreking Hulp Hulpbespreking Kategorie Kategoriebespreking Portaal Portaalbespreking TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 3725 2917068 2473544 2026-07-12T06:24:35Z Aliwal2012 39067 /* Wapens */ 2917068 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Inligtingskas Suid-Afrikaanse dorp | naam = Heidelberg | beeld_stadsilhoeët = | beeldbyskrif = | duimdrukkeretiketposisie= regs | latd = 34 |latm = 05 |lats = | longd = 20 |longm = 57 |longs = | provinsie = Wes-Kaap | distrik = Tuinroete | munisipaliteit = Hessequa | stigtingsdatum = | oppervlakvoetnotas = | oppervlak_totaal_km2 = | hoogte_m = 84 | bevolking_totaal = | bevolking_soos_op = 2011 | bevolkingvoetnotas = | persent_swart = 9.3% | persent_kleurling = 75.3% | persent_asiër = 0.4% | persent_wit = 14.4% | persent_ander = 0.6% | demografie2_voetnotas = | demografie2_titel1 = [[Afrikaans]] | demografie2_info1 = 91.9% | demografie2_titel2 = [[Engels]] | demografie2_info2 = 3.4% | demografie2_titel3 = [[Xhosa]] | demografie2_info3 = 2.9% | demografie2_titel4 = | demografie2_info4 = | demografie2_titel5 = Ander | demografie2_info5 = 1.8% | poskode = 6665 | poskode2 = | skakelkode = 028 | sensuskode = 175003 | webwerf = }} [[Lêer:Heidelberg Church.jpg|duimnael|links|Nederduits Gereformeerde Kerk op Heidelberg, ontwerp deur die argitek [[William Henry Ford]].]] [[Lêer:Doornboom Opstal.jpg|duimnael|links|Fourie-huis / Doornboom Opstal. Die oudste huis in Heidelberg. Gebou in 1728]] [[Lêer:Heidelberg, Western Cape.jpg|duimnael|300px|Ingang na Heidelberg]] [[Lêer:Heidelberg Valley.jpg|duimnael|links|Vallei in Heidelberg.]] '''Heidelberg''' is 'n dorp naby die [[Suid-Afrika]]anse suidkus op die [[N2]] nasionale pad, 276&nbsp;km vanaf [[Kaapstad]]. Die dorp is geleë op die oewer van die [[Duiwenhoksrivier|Duivenhoksrivier]] in die [[Wes-Kaap]], ongeveer halfpad tussen Kaapstad en [[Knysna]]. Heidelberg is net oos van die [[Overberg]]distrik, en sommige beskou dit as die begin van die [[Tuinroete]]. == Geskiedenis == Die dorp is gestig toe 'n NG Kerkgemeente hier gestig is in [[1855]]. Dit het in 1862 'n munisipaliteit geword.<ref name=mjb>''Amptelike Suid-Afrikaanse Munisipale Jaarboek'' (1983).</ref> Die spoorlyn van [[Kaapstad]] na [[Port Elizabeth]] het die dorp in [[1903]] bereik. Die dorp se burgersentrum is in 1912 opgerig en in 1966 uitgebrei. 'n Munisipale kliniek is in 1973 gebou, en 'n gemeenskapsentrum is in 1977 voltooi.<ref name=mjb /> == Wapens == '''Munisipaliteit (1)''' — Voor 1961 het die munisipale raad 'n skynheraldiese "wapen" gebruik wat 'n [[merino]]ram, 'n ope boek, 'n koringgerf en 'n aalwyn toon. '''Munisipaliteit (2)''' — 'n Behoorlike wapen is in 1961 ontwerp en by die Kaapse Provinsiale Administrasie geregistreer.<ref name=ok>Kaap die Goeie Hoop ''Offisiële Koerant'' 3068 (17 Februarie 1961).</ref> Die wapen was: ''Gaffelsgewys verdeel van rooi, silwer en groen, in die skildhoof 'n ope boek van goud, regs 'n aalwyn met twee blomklosse van natuurlike kleur, en silwer 'n staande goue leeu.'' Die skild is met 'n muurkroon oortop. Die wapenspreuk is "Geloof en toewyding". Schalk Pienaar het die wapen ontwerp. == Munisipale gebied == Heidelberg vorm deel van die [[Hessequa Plaaslike Munisipaliteit]]. Die belangrikste produkte wat verbou word is: [[wol]], [[koring]], ander [[graan]], [[vrugte]] en [[tabak]]. == Bekende boorlinge == * Ds. [[Henry Charles Hopkins]], predikant, geskiedskrywer en argivaris van die [[Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk|NG Kerk]] (1918-1992). == Sien ook == * [[Lys van dorpe in Suid-Afrika]] == Bron == * {{cite book |last=Erasmus |first= B.P.J.|authorlink=B.P.J. Erasmus |title=[[Op Pad in Suid-Afrika]]|year= 1995|publisher=Jonathan Ball Uitgewers |isbn= 1-86842-026-4}} {{Verwysings}} == Eksterne skakels == * [http://www.heidelberginfo.co.za/ Die dorp se webwerf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070212015224/http://www.heidelberginfo.co.za/ |date=12 Februarie 2007 }} * [http://www.routes.co.za/maps/wc/heidelberg/heidelberg.jpg Kaart wat Heidelberg wys in die Wes-Kaap] * [http://www.cape-town.net/html/mapwc.html Nog 'n kaart wat Heidelberg wys in die Wes-Kaap] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070125201522/http://www.cape-town.net/html/mapwc.html |date=25 Januarie 2007 }} * [http://www.cape-town.net/html/mapover.html Kaart wat Heidelberg net oos van die Overbergdistrik wys] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070124114930/http://www.cape-town.net/html/mapover.html |date=24 Januarie 2007 }} {{Commonskat|Heidelberg, Western Cape}} {{Suid-Afrikaanse distriksmunisipaliteit navbox|DC4}} [[Kategorie:Nedersettings in die Wes-Kaap]] 1k1nq7moym0vr5cy4ak2fzy6i4daqzx 0 8503 2917066 2883194 2026-07-12T04:20:51Z InternetArchiveBot 131157 Red 1 verwysing(s) en merk 0 as dood.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 2917066 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Inligtingskas Taal |naam=Kerkslawies |inheemsenaam=црькъвьнословѣньскъ ѩꙁꙑкъ |familiekleur=Indo-Europees |state=''geen'' |streek=[[Oos-Europa]] |sprekers=''uitgesterf'' |rang= |skrif=[[Glagolitiese alfabet]], [[Cyrilliese alfabet]] |fam2=[[Slawiese tale|Slawies]] |fam3=[[Suid-Slawiese tale|Suid-Slawies]] |fam4=[[Suidoos-Slawiese tale|Suidoos-Slawies]] |nasie=''geen'' |agentskap=''geen'' |iso1=cu|iso2=chu|iso3=chu |kaart= }} '''Kerkslawies''' of '''Nuwe Kerkslawies''' is die konserwatiewe liturgiese taal van die Slawies-[[Oosters-Ortodokse Kerk|Ortodokse kerke]] in [[Bulgaars-Ortodokse Kerk|Bulgarye]], [[Pools-Ortodokse Kerk|Pole]], [[Ortodokse Kerk van Tsjeggië en Slowakye|Tsjeggië, Slowakye]], [[Russies-Ortodokse Kerk|Rusland]], [[Serwies-Ortodokse Kerk|Serwië]], [[Montenegro]], [[Bosnië en Herzegowina]], [[Noord-Masedonië]] en [[Oekraïne]]. Dit verskyn ook soms in die dienste van die [[Ortodokse Kerk in Amerika]] en is tot die laat [[17de eeu|17de]] en vroeë [[18de eeu]] in die [[Roemenië|Roemeense]] Ortodokse kerke gebruik,<ref>Petre P. Panaitescu, [http://www.bjmures.ro/bdPublicatii/CarteStudenti/P/Panaitescu-Interpretari.pdf Studii de istorie economică și socială]</ref> sowel as in die vroeë [[Middeleeue]] deur die [[Rooms-Katolieke Kerk|Rooms-Katolieke]] [[Kroate]]. Dit word ook deur sommige kerke gebruik wat hulself nie as Ortodoks beskou nie, maar wat in gemeenskap met die Ortodokse Kerk is, soos die Masedoniese en die Montenegrynse Ortodokse Kerk en die Russiese Ware Ortodokse Kerk. Die taal het teen die vroeë [[12de eeu]] uit [[Ou Kerkslawies]] gevloei toe individuele [[Slawiese tale]] begin ontstaan het en die liturgiese taal se uitspraak, [[grammatika]], [[woordeskat]] en [[ortografie]] by die plaaslike gesproke taal aangepas is. So het verskillende plaaslike hersiene weergawes die lig gesien. Kerkslawies is aanvanklik ook in die [[Glagolitiese alfabet]] geskryf, maar deesdae word net die [[Cyrilliese alfabet]] gebruik. Dit was ook tot in die [[18de eeu]] ’n skryftaal in [[Rusland]]. Die eerste Kerkslawiese boek wat verskyn het, was die ''Missale Romanum Glagolitice'' (1483) in Glagolities. Dit is in 1491 gevolg deur vyf Cyrilliese liturgiese boeke. Moderne [[Russies]] bevat nog steeds baie Kerkslawiese elemente. == Hersienings == Verskeie Kerkslawiese hersienings is in die Middeleeue as ’n liturgiese en letterkundetaal in alle Ortodokse lande noord van die [[Middellandse See]] gebruik, selfs in gebiede waar die plaaslike bevolking nie Slawies was nie (veral in [[Roemenië]]). In onlangse eeue is Kerkslawies in nie-Slawiese lande geheel en al deur plaaslike tale vervang. Selfs in sommige Slawies-Ortodokse lande word die moderne taal deesdae in ’n meerdere of mindere mate vir liturgiese doeleindes aangewend. In die Russies-Ortodokse Kerk, wat sowat die helfte van alle Ortodokse gelowiges insluit, word Kerkslawies feitlik uitsluitlik gebruik.<ref>Brian P. Bennett, ''[http://www.taylorandfrancis.com/books/details/9780415780636/ Religion and Language in Post-Soviet Russia]'' (New York: Routledge, 2011).</ref> Daar is egter gemeentes wat ander tale gebruik:<ref>{{ru}} Vader Fjodor Ljoedogofski en diaken Maksim Pljakin, ''[http://www.mineya.ru/articles/87-liturgy-languages.html Liturgiese tale van Slawiese plaaslike kerke: die huidige situasie] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110012628/http://www.mineya.ru/articles/87-liturgy-languages.html |date=10 November 2013 }}'', 2009</ref><ref>{{ru}} Vader Fjodor Ljoedogofski en diaken Maksim Pljakin, ''[http://ustav.livejournal.com/600024.html Liturgiese tale in Slawia Ortodoksa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211018110220/https://ustav.livejournal.com/600024.html |date=18 Oktober 2021 }}'', 2009</ref> * Volgens die besluit van die Alrussiese Kerkraad van 1917–1918 kan dienste in individuele gemeentes in [[Russies]] en [[Oekraïens]] gehou word as dit deur kerkowerhede goedgekeur is; * "Etniese" gemeentes in Rusland gebruik (gedeeltelik of volledig) hul eie taal: [[Tsjoewasjië|Tsjoewasjies]], [[Mordwiense tale|Mordwiens]], [[Mari]], [[Tataars]], [[Jakoeties|Sacha (Jakoeties)]], ens.; * Outonome afdelings van die Russies-Ortodokse Kerk gebruik vertalings in die taal van die plaaslike gemeenskap: [[Oekraïens]], [[Belarussies]], [[Roemeens]], [[Japannees]] en [[Chinees]]; [[Beeld:Csl-luke20.png|duimnael|265px|’n Voorbeeld van die rekenaartipografie van Russiese Kerkslawies.]] * Gemeentes in die [[diaspora]], insluitende dié in die Russies-Ortodokse Kerk Buite Rusland, gebruik dikwels plaaslike tale: [[Engels]], [[Frans]], [[Spaans]], [[Duits]], ens. Kerkslawies (of Nuwe Kerkslawies, ’n naam wat deur F.V. Mareš voorgestel is) is eintlik ’n kombinasie van minstens vier verskillende dialekte (hersienings), met verskille tussen hulle in woordeboeke, spelling, fonetika, ens. Die mees algemene hersiening, die Russiese een, het op sy beurt verskeie plaaslike subdialekte met effens verskillende uitsprake. === Russiese (Sinodale) hersiening === Die Russiese hersiening van Kerkslawies is sedert die tweede helfte van die [[17de eeu]] die boektaal. Gewoonlik word die tradisionele Cyrilliese skrif gebruik, maar sekere tekste (veral gebede) kan in moderne alfabette gedruk word met spellings wat aangepas is by die reëls van die plaaslike taal (bv. Russiese/Bulgaarse Cyrillies of Hongaarse/Poolse [[Latynse alfabet|Latyn]]). Voor die 18de eeu is Kerkslawies algemeen as ’n letterkundetaal in Rusland gebruik. Hoewel dit nooit per se buite kerkdienste gepraat is nie, was priesters, digters en opgevoedes geneig om Kerkslawiese uitdrukkings in hul spreektaal te gebruik. Tydens die 17de en 18de eeu is Kerkslawies geleidelik buite die kerk deur Russies vervang en is dit net in die kerk gebruik. Hoewel [[Michail Lomonosof|Lomonosof]] in die 1760's nog gemeen het Kerkslawies is die sogenaamde "verhewe styl" van Russies, het dié siening in die 19de eeu afgeneem. Elemente van Kerkslawies het waarskynlik langer behoue gebly in die spraak van [[Ougelowiges]] ná die skeuring in die laat 17de eeu in die Russies-Ortodokse Kerk. Russies het baie leenwoorde uit Kerkslawies. Hoewel albei Slawiese tale is, het sommige vroeë Slawiese klankkombinasies verskillend in dié twee takke ontwikkel. Daarom is leenwoorde in Russies soortgelyk aan tipies Russiese woorde, maar met Suid-Slawiese variasies, bv. (die eerste woord in elke paar is Russies en die tweede woord Kerkslawies): золото/злато (''zoloto/zlato''), город/град (''gorod/grad''), горячий/горящий (''gorjatsji/gorjasjtsji''), рожать/рождать (''rozjat/ rozjdat''). Sedert die Russiese Romantiese tydperk en die werk van groot Russiese [[skrywer]]s (van [[Nikolai Gogol|Gogol]] tot [[Anton Tsjechof|Tsjechof]], [[Leo Tolstoi|Tolstoi]] en [[Fjodor Dostojefski|Dostojefski]]) het die verhouding tussen woorde in sulke pare tradisioneel geword. Die twee woorde is dikwels [[sinoniem]]e van mekaar; die een is argaïes en hoogdrawend, terwyl die ander in algemene spreektaal voorkom. ==== Russiese standaardweergawe ==== In Russies word Kerkslawies op dieselfde manier as Russies uitgespreek, met ’n paar uitsonderings: * In Kerkslawies kom ''okanje'' en ''jekanje'' voor; dit is die afwesigheid van [[vokaalreduksie]] in onbeklemtoonde lettergrepe. ’n [[О (Cyrillies)|O]] en [[Е (Cyrillies)|е]] in onbeklemtoonde posisies word altyd onderskeidelik {{IPA|[o]}} en {{IFA|[ʲɛ]}} uitgespreek (soos in Noord-Russiese dialekte), terwyl hulle in Russies ander uitsprake het as wanneer hulle beklemtoon is. * Finale konsonante moet nooit stemloos uitgespreek word nie, hoewel dit in die praktyk dikwels gebeur. * Die letter e word nooit as [[Ё (Cyrillies)|ё]] {{IFA|[jo]}}~{{IFA|[ʲo]}} uitgespreek nie. (Die letter ё bestaan nie in Kerkslawies nie). Dit kan gesien word in Russiese leenwoorde uit Kerkslawies (in die volgende pare is die eerste woord se oorsprong Kerkslawies en die tweede een is suiwer Russies: небо/нёбо (''njebo/njobo''), надежда/надёжный (''nadjezjda/nadjozjni''). * Die letter [[г]] kan tradisioneel gelees word as die stemhebbende frikatiewe [[velaar]] {{IFA|[ɣ]}} (nes in Suid-Russiese dialekte); die plofklank {{IFA|[ɡ]}} (soos in Standaardrussies) is egter ook sedert die 20ste eeu moontlik en wettig. Wanneer dit stemloos word, word dit {{IFA|[x]}}; dit het tot gevolg gehad dat die woord vir [[God]], Бог (''Bog''), as {{IFA|[box]}} uitgespreek word. * Die uitgange van [[byvoeglike naamwoord]]e -аго/-его/-ого/-яго word uitgespreek nes hulle gespel word ({{IFA|[aɡo]}}, {{IFA|[ʲeɡo]}}, {{IFA|[oɡo]}}, {{IFA|[ʲaɡo]}}), terwyl die Russiese -его/-ого uitgespreek word met {{IFA|[v]}} in plaas van {{IFA|[ɡ]}} (en met die reduksie van onbeklemtoonde klinkers). ==== Ander weergawes ==== ; Serwies In Serwië word Kerkslawies oor die algemeen soos in Russies uitgespreek. Die Middeleeuse Serwiese hersiening is sedert die vroeë 18de eeu geleidelik deur die Russiese een vervang. Die rede dat letters anders uitgespreek word, is omdat sekere Russiese klanke in Serwies ontbreek (soos [[ы]] en [[щ]]) en [[palatalisasie]] in sommige gevalle onmoontlik is (ть word byvoorbeeld as т uitgespreek). ; Oekraïens/Roeteens Die grootste verskil tussen die Russiese en die (Wes-)Oekraïense weergawe lê in die uitspraak van die letter [[Jat (Cyrillies)|jat]] (ѣ). Die Russiese uitspraak is dieselfde as dié van [[Е (Cyrillies)|е]] {{IFA|[je]}}~{{IFA|[ʲe]}}, terwyl dit in Oekraïens dieselfde is as [[и]] {{IFA|[i]}}. Ander verskille weerspieël die verskille tussen die palatalisasiereëls van die twee tale ([[ч]] is byvoorbeeld altyd "sag", of gepalataliseer, in Russiese uitspraak en "hard", of ongepalataliseer, in Oekraïens) en uitspraakverskille van [[г]] en [[щ]], ens. === Ou Moskouse hersiening === Die Ou Moskouse hersiening word deur [[Ougelowiges]] gebruik. Die alfabet is dieselfde as die een van die Sinodale hersiening, maar daar is verskille in spelling omdat die Ou Moskouse hersiening in die algemeen ’n ouer ortografie en grammatika weergee (van voor die 1650's). === Kroatiese hersiening === Dit is in beperkte gebruik onder Kroatiese [[Katolieke Kerk|Katolieke]]. Tekste word in die Kroatiese Latynse alfabet gedruk (met die byvoeging van die letter ě vir jat) of in die Glagolitiese skrif. === Tsjeggiese hersiening === Dit is in baie beperkte gebruik onder Tsjeggiese Katolieke. Dit is gerestoureer (eintlik ontwikkel) deur prof. Vojtěch Tkadlčík. == Grammatika en styl == Hoewel die verskillende hersienings plek-plek verskil, toon almal die neiging om die oorspronklike [[Ou Kerkslawies]] by die plaaslike Slawiese streektaal aan te pas. Verbuigings volg die antieke patroon, met ’n paar vereenvoudigings. Al ses die oorspronklike werkwoordtye, sewe naamvalle en drie [[Getal (grammatika)|getalle]] (''numeri'') word net so in geskrifte gebruik, maar in nuwe tekste word probeer om argaïese konstruksies te vermy – skrywers verkies variante wat nader aan die moderne Russiese sintaks is en beter deur Slawiërs verstaan word. In die Russiese hersienings word die ''jers'' ([[ъ]] en [[Ь (Cyrillies)|ь]]) nog gebruik en stem dit min of meer met die gebruik in Russies ooreen, hoewel die ъ aan die einde van woorde nog in Kerkslawies geskryf word. Die [[Joes (Cyrillies)|joese]] word dikwels vervang of verander in ooreenstemming met die 16de- en 17de-eeuse Russiese patroon. Die jat word steeds gebruik, met groter aandag aan die antieke etimologie as wat in die 19de-eeuse Russies die geval was. Die letters [[Ksi (Cyrillies)|ksi]], [[psi (Cyrillies)|psi]], [[omega (Cyrillies)|omega]], [[ot (Cyrillies)|ot]] en [[izjitsa]] word behou, sowel as die gebruik van [[letter]]s vir [[syfer]]waardes, die gebruik van beklemtoningsaksente en die afkortings, of ''[[titlo|titla]]'', vir heilige name. Die woordeskat en sintaks word gewoonlik effens gemoderniseer om dit meer verstaanbaar te maak. Van die antieke voornaamwoorde is veral uit geskrifte gehaal (soos етеръ {{IFA|/jeter/}}, "’n sekere (persoon, ens.)" → нѣкій in die Russiese hersiening). In baie, maar nie alle, gevalle is die onvoltooide verlede tyd vervang met die voltooide verlede tyd. Verskeie ander moderniserings van klassieke uitdrukkings het van tyd tot tyd plaasgevind. Die begin van die [[Evangelie volgens Johannes]], volgens tradisie die eerste woorde wat sints [[Cyrillus]] en [[Methodius]] neergepen het, искони бѣаше слово ("In die begin was die Woord daar") is verander na искони бѣ слово in die [[Ostrogbybel]] (Острожская Библия, ''Ostrozjskaja Biblija'') van Iwan Fjodorof (1580/'81) en na въ началѣ бѣ слово in die [[Elisabethaanse Bybel]] (Елизаветинская Библия, ''Jelizawetinskaja Biblija'') van [[1751]] wat steeds in die Russies-Ortodokse Kerk gebruik word. == Sien ook == * [[Ou Kerkslawies]] == Verwysings == {{Verwysings}} == Eksterne skakels == {{Interwiki|kode=cu}} * [http://www.orthlib.info/ Ortodokse liturgiese tekste in Kerkslawies] * [http://irmologion.ru/ Probleme met rekenaarinwerkingstelling] {{ru}} * [http://ponomar.net/cu_vkeyb.html Virtuele toetsbord, Kerkslawies] * {{Commons-kategorie inlyn|Church Slavonic language}} * [[Lêer:Crystal txt.png|15px]] Hierdie artikel is vertaal uit die [[:en:Church Slavonic language|Engelse Wikipedia]] {{Slawiese tale}} {{Normdata}} [[Kategorie:Russies-Ortodokse Kerk]] [[Kategorie:Slawiese tale]] la6h0925q7xkhdzlq2l7o6t6piy4how 0 11517 2917082 2884797 2026-07-12T08:44:48Z Daniellouw 54542 2917082 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Lêer:Flag of the Vatican City - 2001 version.svg|duimnael|Vlag van die [[Vatikaanstad|Vatikaan]]]] [[Lêer:Pope Leo XIV 3 (3x4 cropped) (2).jpg|duimnael|upright|[[Pous Leo XIV|Leo XIV]], pous sedert 2025]] Die '''pous''' ([[Latyn]]: ''papa'', [[Grieks]]: πάππας ''pappas,'' "vader"), ook bekend as '''''pontifex maximus''''', is die [[biskop]] van [[Rome]] en die leier van die [[Rooms-Katolieke Kerk]]. Sedert 1929 is die pous ook die [[staatshoof]] van [[Vatikaanstad]], 'n [[Landingeslote land|landingeslote]] stadstaat binne Rome, [[Italië]]. Die huidige pous is [[Pous Leo XIV|Leo XIV]] wat op 8 Mei 2025 verkies is en [[Pous Franciskus|Franciskus]] in hierdie amp opvolg. Die volgende twee terme is hier van toepassingː * '''pousdom'''ː verwys na die amp, kantoor en jurisdiksie van die pous as leier van die Rooms-Katolieke Kerk. * '''pontifikaat'''ː verwys na die ampstermyn van 'n pous. == Inleiding == Die pous is volgens die Katolieke Kerk die regmatige opvolger van [[Petrus]], en daarmee die leier van die hele Christelike Kerk wêreldwyd. Dit word egter ontken deur die kerke wat ontstaan het uit die [[reformasie]] (soos [[lutheranisme]], [[calvinisme]], [[presbiterianisme]] ens.), asook deur die [[Kopties-Ortodokse Kerk|Koptiese Kerke]] in Egipte en Ethiopië, die [[Ortodokse Kerk]]e in Oos-Europa en Griekeland, en Nestoriaanse en Armeense Kerke in die Midde Ooste. Die pous word deur die Katolieke gesien as dissipel van [[Christus]] en eerste leier van die Kerk, as die plaasbekleder (nie ''plaasvervanger'' nie) van Christus op aarde. Die woord plaasvervanger suggereer 'n gelykskakeling met Christus, wat nie die bedoeling is nie. Die pous "beklee" slegs die plek van Christus. Hy verenig in sy persoon die hoogste geestelike mag, d.w.s. die hoogste [[doktrine|leergesag]], asook die opperste [[wet]]gewende en [[regter]]like mag. Tog is sy mag nie uniek in die Kerk nie, want die biskoppe het belangrike beslissingsmag, in groot mate onafhanklik van die pouslike gesag. Die huidige pous is sedert [[13 Maart]] [[2013]] die [[Argentinië|Argentyne]] [[Pous Franciskus|Jorge Mario Bergoglio]] oftewel [[Pous Franciskus]]. Ook die [[Kopties-Ortodokse Kerk|Koptiese kerk]] in [[Egipte]] het 'n pous. In die Koptiese kerk is die pous die opvolger van die evangelis [[Evangelie volgens Markus|Markus]]. Die huidige Koptiese pous is [[Tawadros II]]. Sowel die Koptiese as die Rooms-Katolieke pous het hulle oorsprong in die vroeëre christelike funksie van [[patriarg]] (aartsvader). == Titulatuur == Die pous is die [[Heilige Stoel]], [[biskop]] van [[Rome]], [[biskop|aartsbiskop]] van die Romeinse kerkprovinsie, [[primaat (persoon)|primaat]] van [[Italië]], [[Pontifex Maximus]] en soewerein [[Vors (heerser)|vors]] oor die staat [[Vatikaanstad]]. [[Pous Benedictus XVI]] het besluit om die titel [[Patriarg]] van [[Westerse wêreld|die Weste]] nie meer te gebruik nie, hoewel sy voorgangers dit wel gebruik het. == Simbole == Die uiterlike tekens van sy amp, wat volgens die tradisie teruggaan na die oudste [[Romeinse Ryk|Romeinse]] gebruike, is die wit [[toga (kledingstuk)|toga]], soms gekombineer met 'n rooi mantel, die kruisstaf en die pontifikale [[vissersring]]. Vroeër is ook die [[tiara]] of driekroon, die [[draagstoel]], die [[troon]] en die [[baldakyn]] gebruik. Die laaste drie is deur [[Pous Paulus VI]] in die sestiger jare van die 20ste eeu afgeskaf. Die tiara stam eintlik uit 'n voor-christelike [[Iran|Persiese]] tradisie. In die [[9de eeu]] het pouse vir die eerste keer 'n tiara gedra en wel met één kroon. Onder [[Pous Bonifatius VIII|Bonifatius VIII]] is 'n tweede en onder [[Pous Benedictus XII|Benedictus XII]] 'n derde kroon bygevoeg. [[Pous Paulus VI|Paulus VI]] het – as [[simbool]] – sy tiara ten gunste van die armes van Rome afgelê. Daarna het geen pous die tiara laat opsit by sy kroning nie. Teoreties kan 'n pous sy amp na eie keuse neerlê, maar pouslike aftrede is baie seldsaam. [[Pous Celestinus V]] tree op 13 Desember [[1294]] af, [[Pous Gregorius XII]] in [[1415]] en [[Pous Benedictus XVI]] in 2013. Tradisioneel beklee pouse egter die amp tot hulle dood. Die staat [[Vatikaanstad]] herberg nog steeds die beroemde [[Switserse wag]], 'n milisie wat tans naas 'n seremoniële funksie ook dien as lyfwag en paleiswag. Vir die verdediging van die voormalige [[Kerkelike Staat]] was daar vroeër nog 'n normale leër, sowel as enkele kleiner korpse vir spesifieke take. == Die funksies van die Pous == Die pous is eerstens die 'opperherder' van die Katolieke Kerk en het as sodanig 'n saambindende, bysturende en leidende funksie oor sy 'kudde'. By dispute oor geloofskwessies het hy die laaste en beslissende woord. Teenswoordig probeer die pous antwoorde vind op die baie vrae wat voorkom onder lidmate as reaksie op die grotendeels ontkerklikte moderne wêreld. In vroeër eeue het die pous baie invloed op die rigting van die Westerse beskawing gehad, maar dit het sterk verminder na die reformasie toe die grootste deel van Noord en Wes Europa hulle nie meer aan die uitsprake van die pous gebind geag het nie. Verder het die pous 'n aantal funksies wat in aard en omvang nogal van mekaar verskil. Tot die volledige titulatuur van die pous behoort tot op hede: plaasbekleder van Jesus Christus, opvolger van Petrus, opperherder van die universele kerk, patriarg van die Weste, primaat van Italië, aartsbiskop en metropoliet van die Romeinse kerkprovinsie, biskop van Rome, soewerein van die staat Vatikaanstad. Wêreldlike en kerklike, lokale of regionale en universele bevoegdhede loop deurmekaar. == Die verkiesing van 'n pous: die konklaaf == Na die dood (of aftrede) van die pous is die [[Heilige Stoel]] vakant; die periode waarin daar nie 'n pous is nie, word [[sedis vacatio]] genoem. Dit begin met die [[novemdiales]]. Binne 15 tot 20 dae vergader die [[kardinaal (geestelike)|kardinale]] in [[Rome]] vir die hou van 'n [[konklaaf]] (= agter slot). 'n Minimum van 120 kardinale jonger as 80 jaar word vereis vir 'n wettige konklaaf. 'n Konklaaf word in die geheim gehou en daarom word die kardinale, totdat 'n nuwe pous gekies is, van die buitewêreld afgesluit. In alle waarskynlikheid word één van die kardinale wat aanwesig is in die [[Sixtynse kapel]] as pous gekies (maar teoreties kan elke gedoopte katolieke man gekies word, op voorwaarde dat hy dadelik na die aanvaarding van die verkiesing tot biskop gewy word). Die kandidaat moet in beginsel met 'n tweederde meerderheid verkies word. Die [[kollege van kardinale]] kan egter, na 30 stemrondes sonder resultaat, besluit om die pous met 'n gewone meerderheid te verkies. Die kardinaal-deken (voorsitter) of (as hy verkies is die oudste [[kardinaal]]) vra dan aan die verkose kardinaal: : ''"Aanvaar U?"'' Vanaf die oomblik dat die kardinaal wat verkies is, 'n bevestigende antwoord gee, besit hy die mag van [[Biskop]] van Rome. Daarna vra die Kardinaal aan die nuwe Pous: : ''“Hoe wil U genoem word?“'' Die pous kies dan sy nuwe naam. Die orige kardinale wens die nuwe pous geluk en hy word na die [[Saal van Trane]] geneem, waar hy sy nuwe wit toga kry. Vervolgens word hy op die balkon van die [[Sint Pieterskerk]] aan die wagtende menigte voorgestel. Die [[kardinaal-protodiaken]] verkondig op die balkon van die Sint Pieterskerk: : ''Annuncio vobis gaudium magnum; Habemus Papam''! : ''Eminentissimum ac reverendissimum Dominum,'' : ''Dominum [voornaam],'' : ''Sanctæ Romanæ Ecclesiæ Cardinalem [familienaam],'' : ''Qui sibi nomen imposuit [pousnaam].'' (Vertaling: ''"Ek verkondig u met groot vreugde; ons het 'n Pous: die mees eminente en mees hoogwaarde heer, die heer [naam], kardinaal van die Heilige Roomse Kerk, [familienaam], wat die naam [pousnaam] aangeneem het."'' ) Die nuwe pous spreek daarna 'n paar woorde en gee dan vir die eerste keer die apostoliese seën [[Urbi et Orbi]]. Die hele prosedure vir die verkiesing van 'n pous is noukeurig vasgelê in die Apostoliese Konstitusie [[Universi Dominici Gregis]]. == Interessante brokkies == [[Lêer:Papas por países.PNG|duimnael|Pouse volgens lande]] * Volgens die [[Annuario Pontificio]], die amptelike jaarboek van die Vatikaan, is [[pous Leo XIV]] wat op [[8 Mei]] [[2025]] verkies is, die 266ste opvolger van die [[apostel]] [[Petrus]]. * Die laaste nie-Europese pous is Leo XIV (2025–''hede''), 'n [[Verenigde State van Amerika|Amerikaner]] en [[Peru]]aan. * Die naam wat die meeste deur pouse gekies is, is ''Johannes'' (23 keer), gevolg deur ''Gregorius'' (16 keer) en ''Benedictus'' (16 keer) * Van die pouse waarvan die leeftyd bekend is, was [[Pous Celestinus III]] (1191–1198) die oudste toe hy verkies is. Hy was toe 86 jaar. Pous Agatho sou in 681 op 104-jarige leeftyd pous geword het en tot 107 pous gebly het, maar daar is onvoldoende bewys daarvoor. * [[Pous Leo X]] was die jongste toe hy op 37-jarige leeftyd verkies is. (weereens van die pouse van wie die geboortedatum bekend is). * Die [[pontifikaat]] van [[Pous Pius IX]] het 31 jaar, 7 maande en 16 dae (1846–1878) geduur. Hy is daarmee die langs regerende pous van almal (Petrus uitgesonder). * Die kortste [[pontifikaat]] staan op naam van [[Pous Urbanus VII]] (1590), met slegs twaalf dae. * Adriaan Boeyens (2 Maart 1459 – 14 September 1523) uit Utrecht was die enigste Nederlandse Pous, Adrianus VI. Omdat Utrecht en die [[Lae Lande (staatkunde)|Nederlande]] destyds deel was van die [[Heilige Romeinse Ryk]] reken die Duitsers hom ook as Duitse pous. Hy is ook die enigste Pous na die klassieke tyd wat sy eie naam gehou het as pousnaam. == Sien ook == * [[Lys van pouse]] * [[Teenpous]] * [[Konklaaf]] * [[Sedis vacatio]] * [[Tiara]] – [[myter]] – [[flabellum]] – [[Sedia Gestatoria]] – [[Pousmobiel]] == Nota == * ''Hierdie artikel is 'n vertaling van die Nederlandse Wikipedia artikel, [[:nl:Paus|"Paus"]].'' == Bronne == * {{en}} Maxwell-Stuart, P.G. (1997). Chronicle of the Popes. London, Thames and Hudson. {{ISBN|0-500-01798-0}} == Eksterne skakels == {{CommonsKategorie|Pope}} {{Wikt|pous}} * [http://www.vatican.va/ Die amptelike webwerf van die Vatikaan] * {{nl}} [http://www.katholiek.tk/ Inligting oor die Rooms-Katolieke kerk en die Katolieke geloof] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150912073119/http://www.katholiek.tk/ |date=12 September 2015 }} {{pouse}} {{teenpouse}} {{Normdata}} [[Kategorie:Pouse| 1]] [[Kategorie:Titels]] bk5t0glfmdk1e7642s84sn759x492er 10 13882 2917098 2916723 2026-07-12T11:43:03Z Sobaka 328 opdateer 2917098 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Lêer:Prime Minister Keir Starmer Portrait (cropped).jpg|regs|140px|Keir Starmer in 2024]] * Die [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2026]] duur voort met uitklopwedstryde in verskeie stede van [[Kanada]], [[Meksiko]] en die [[Verenigde State van Amerika|Verenigde State]], die drie gasheerlande. * In die eindstryd van die [[T20I-vrouewêreldbeker 2026]] op [[Lord’s]] in [[Londen]] verslaan [[Australiese nasionale vrouekrieketspan|Australië]] vir die gasvroue [[Engelse nasionale vrouekrieketspan|Engeland]] met sewe paaltjies en palm sodoende sy sewende [[T20I-vrouewêreldbeker]]titel in. [[Suid-Afrikaanse nasionale vrouekrieketspan|Suid-Afrika]] en [[Wes-Indiese nasionale vrouekrieketspan|Wes-Indië]] was die ander twee semi-finaliste. * [[Republiek Ierland|Ierland]] neem die voorsitterskap van die [[Europese Unie]] by [[Siprus]] oor. * '''[[Keir Starmer]]''', kondig sy bedanking as eerste minister van die [[Verenigde Koninkryk]] aan. * [[Pous Leo XIV]] publiseer sy eerste ensikliek ''[[Magnifica Humanitas]]'', waarin hy die verhouding tussen mense en [[kunsmatige intelligensie]] bespreek. <div class="itn-footer" style="margin-top: 0.5em;"> '''Voortdurend:''' [[Russiese inval in Oekraïne sedert 2022|Russiese inval in Oekraïne]] • [[Iran-oorlog in 2026|Iran-oorlog]] • [[Soedanese burgeroorlog (2023-hede)|Soedanese burgeroorlog]]<br /> '''[[:Kategorie:Sterftes_in_{{CURRENTYEAR}}|Onlangs oorlede]]:''' [[Abdullah Ibrahim]] • [[Alan Greenspan]] • [[Bonnie Tyler]] • [[Dieter Gerhardt]] • [[Lindsey Graham]] </div> <noinclude> [[Kategorie:Voorbladsjablone]] </noinclude> asn6dk27nsck04vszdy3i37vhjujcmi 0 17839 2917067 2916945 2026-07-12T05:56:18Z Birthcheck1 210895 minor change 2917067 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Inligtingskas Land |noem_naam = Volksrepubliek Bangladesj |volle_naam = <small>গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ ([[Bengaals]])<br />''Gônoprojatontrī Bangladesh''</small> |algemene_naam = Bangladesj |beeld_vlag = Flag of Bangladesh.svg |beeld_wapen = National emblem of Bangladesh.svg |simbool_tipe = Embleem |beeld_kaart = Bangladesh (orthographic projection).svg |leuse = ''Joy Bangla''<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://en.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/joy-bangla-to-be-national-slogan-hc |title='Joy Bangla' to be national slogan: HC |publisher=Daily Prothom Alo |date=10 Maart 2020 |accessdate=10 Maart 2020}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://m.bdnews24.com/en/detail/bangladesh/1732865 |title=HC orders govt to announce 'Joy Bangla' as national slogan in three months |publisher=bdnews24.com |date=10 Maart 2020 |accessdate=30 Junie 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210630151417/https://m.bdnews24.com/en/detail/bangladesh/1732865 |archive-date=30 Junie 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref><br />জয় বাংলা<br /><small>''([[Bengaals]] vir: "Oorwinning vir Bengal")''</small> |volkslied = ''[[Amar Sonar Bangla]]''<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |title=National Symbols→National march |website=Bangladesh Tourism Board |location=Bangladesh |publisher=Ministry of Civil Aviation & Tourism |url=http://visitbangladesh.gov.bd/about-bangladesh/national-symbol/ |accessdate=21 Februarie 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502025828/http://visitbangladesh.gov.bd/about-bangladesh/national-symbol/ |archive-date=2 Mei 2019 |url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />আমার সোনার বাংলা<br /><small>''(Bengaals vir: "My Goue Bengale")''</small><br /><center>[[Lêer:Amar Sonar Bangla - official vocal music of the National anthem of Bangladesh.ogg]]</center><br />''Nasionale mars: [[Notuner Gaan]]''<br />নতুনের গান<br /><small>''(Bengaals vir: "Die lied van die jeug")''</small> |amptelike_tale = [[Bengaals]] |hoofstad = [[Dhaka]] {{Koördinate|23|42|N|90|21|O}} |latd = 23 |latm = 42 |latNS = N |longd = 90 |longm = 21 |longEW = O |grootste_stad = [[Dhaka]] |regeringsvorm = Unitêre parlementêre<br />grondwetlike [[republiek]] |leiertitels = <br />• [[President]]<br />• [[Eerste minister]] |leiername = [[Mohammed Shahabuddin]]<br />[[Tarique Rahman]] |oppervlak_rang = 94^ste |oppervlak_grootte = |oppervlak = 148&nbsp;460<ref name="CIA">{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/bangladesh/|title=Bangladesh|publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]|accessdate=17 Februarie 2026|archive-date=30 Julie 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730024842/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/bangladesh/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |oppervlakmi² = 57&nbsp;321 |persent_water = 6,4 |bevolking_skatting = 168&nbsp;697&nbsp;184<ref name="CIA" /> |bevolking_skatting_jaar = 2024 |bevolking_rang = 8^ste |bevolking_sensus = 169&nbsp;828&nbsp;911<ref>{{bn}} {{cite web |url=http://www.bbs.gov.bd/site/page/47856ad0-7e1c-4aab-bd78-892733bc06eb/Population-and-Housing-Census |title=বাংলাদেশ পরিসংখ্যান ব্যুরো}}</ref> |bevolking_sensus_jaar = 2023 |bevolkingsdigtheid = 1&nbsp;136 |bevolkingsdigtheidmi² = 2&nbsp;943 |bevolkingsdigtheidrang = 12^de |BBP_PPP = $1&nbsp;941&nbsp;miljard<ref name=imf2>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/publications/weo/weo-database/2025/april/weo-report?c=513%2C&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC%2C&sy=2023&ey=2027&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |title=Bangladesh |publisher=[[Internasionale Monetêre Fonds]] |date=April 2025 |accessdate=17 Februarie 2026}}</ref> |BBP_PPP_rang = 26^ste |BBP_PPP_jaar = 2026 |BBP_PPP_per_kapita = $11&nbsp;067<ref name="imf2" /> |BBP_PPP_per_kapita_rang = 125^ste |BBP = $513,121&nbsp;miljard<ref name="imf2" /> |BBP_rang = 34^ste |BBP_jaar = 2026 |BBP_per_kapita = $2&nbsp;925<ref name="imf2" /> |BBP_per_kapita_rang = 146^ste |onafhanklikheidstipe = Vorming |onafhanklikheidsgebeure = • Verdeling van [[Brits-Indië]]<br />• Onafhanklikheidsverklaring<br />• Bereik<br />• Huidige grondwet |onafhanklikheidsdatums = <br /><br />[[14 Augustus]] [[1947]]<br />[[26 Maart]] [[1971]]<br />[[16 Desember]] [[1971]]<br />[[16 Desember]] [[1972]] |MOI = {{wins}} 0,685<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf |title=Human Development Report 2025 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme |date=6 Mei 2025 |accessdate=17 Februarie 2026}}</ref> |MOI_rang = 130^ste |MOI_jaar = 2023 |MOI_kategorie = {{kleur|#fc0|medium}} |Gini = 30,9<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=BD |title=Gini Index – Bangladesh |publisher=[[Wêreldbank]] |accessdate=17 Februarie 2026}}</ref> |Gini_rang = |Gini_jaar = 2022 |Gini_kategorie = {{kleur|#fc0|medium}} |geldeenheid = [[Bangladesj-taka|Taka]] (৳) |geldeenheid_kode = BDT |land_kode = BD |tydsone = BST |utc_afwyking = [[UTC+06:00|+06:00]] |tydsone_somer = nie toegepas nie |utc_afwyking_DST = [[UTC+06:00|+06:00]] |internet_domein = [[.bd]]<br />.বাংলা |skakelkode = 880 |voetskrif = }} '''Bangladesj''' ([[Bengaals]]: বাংলাদেশ, ''Bāṃlādēśa'', [ˈbaŋlad̪eʃ], {{Audio|Bn-বাংলাদেশ.oga|luister}}; letterlik "land van die [[Bengale (volk)|Bengale]]"), amptelik die '''Volksrepubliek Bangladesj''' (গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ, ''Gaṇaprajātantrī Bāṃlādēśa''), is 'n digbevolkte land in [[Suid-Asië]] in die streek [[Bengale]]. Dit beslaan 'n oppervlakte van 148&nbsp;460&nbsp;km² en het in 2024 'n bevolking van sowat 170 miljoen gehad.<ref name="CIA" /> Die [[hoofstad]] en grootste stad is [[Dhaka]] (of Dakka), ander groot stede sluit in [[Chittagong]] in die suidooste en [[Khulna]] in die suidweste. Die [[amptelike taal]] is Bengaals, die belangrikste [[etniese groep]] is die [[Bengale (volk)|Bengale]] en die plaaslike [[geld]]eenheid is die [[Bangladesj-taka|taka]] (৳, tk). [[Lêer:Satellite image of Bangladesh in October 2001.jpg|duimnael|links|[[Nasa]]-satellietbeeld van Bangladesj]] Die land lê aan die [[Golf van Bengale]] in die [[Indiese Oseaan]], maar word origens heeltemal deur [[Indië]] omring, behalwe vir die suidoostelike hoek, wat aan [[Mianmar]] (Birma) grens. Net noordwes van Bangladesj is [[Nepal]] en noord is [[Bhoetan]] geleë, maar al drie lande word deur 'n smal Indiese strook van mekaar geskei. Die [[Ganges]]-[[Brahmaputra]]-vloedvlakte is die oorheersende geografiese kenmerk van die land. Bangladesj het tussen 1858 en 1947 deel uitgemaak van [[Brits-Indië]] en met die [[Verdeling van Indië]] het dit deel geword van [[Pakistan]]. In 1952 het die Bengaalse Taalbeweging begin en in 1971 het die provinsie met Indiese ondersteuning die Bengaalse Onafhanklikheidsoorlog teen Pakistan begin. Op 26 Maart 1971 het Bangladesj sy [[onafhanklikheid]] van Pakistan verklaar en met die [[grondwet]] op 4 November 1972 'n unitêre parlementêre republiek geword. Bangladesj is 'n lidland van die [[Britse Statebond]] met 'n [[president]] as [[staatshoof]]. Sedert sy onafhanklikwording in 1971 beleef Bangladesj armoede, [[hongersnood]], politieke onrus en [[Staatsgreep|militêre staatsgrepe]]. Die herstel van demokrasie in 1991 het verligting gebring, maar die land het steeds met baie uitdagings te kampe, veral die jaarlikse [[Oorstroming|vloede]] en [[Sikloon|siklone]].<ref name="HAT Taal-en-feitegids">HAT Taal-en-feitegids, Pearson, Desember 2013, {{ISBN|978-1-77578-243-8}}</ref> == Geografie == === Ligging === [[Lêer:Bangladeshmap.png|duimnael|links|Kaart van Bangladesj]] Bangladesj ("land van die Bengale") lê in die noordoostelike hoek van die [[Indiese subkontinent]] en word in die weste en noorde deur Indië begrens, in die ooste deur Indië en [[Mianmar]] en in die suide deur die [[Golf van Bengale]]. Die grootste deel van die land is 'n deltagebied wat deur 'n dik laag slik afkomstig uit drie riviere, die [[Ganges]], die [[Yamuna]] en die Meghna, bedek word. Bangladesj word dikwels die "Land van riviere" genoem,<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://ejfoundation.org/films/bangladesh-land-of-rivers |title=No Place Like Home – BANGLADESH: LAND OF RIVERS |publisher=Environmental Justice Foundation |accessdate=30 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930051647/https://ejfoundation.org/films/bangladesh-land-of-rivers |archive-date=30 September 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> omdat dit meer as 57 oorgrensende riviere huisves, die meeste van enige volkstaat. Waterkwessies is polities gekompliseerd aangesien Bangladesj stroom-af van Indië is.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |author=Sūryaprasāda Suvedī |title=International watercourses law for the 21st century |publisher=Ashgate Publishing |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-7546-4527-6 |pages=154–166}}</ref> Die grond is ryk aan [[aluminium]]- en [[yster]]bestanddele, maar wat [[vrugbaarheid]] betref, word daar met elke reënbui groot hoeveelhede vrugbare grond weggespoel, net om weer vervang te word as die riviere hul walle oorstroom, veral omdat Bangladesj oor 'n redelike plat terrein beskik. Die meerderheid van die land is minder as 12&nbsp;m bo [[seevlak]], en ongeveer 10% van die land sou heeltemal oorstroom wees as die [[Seevlakstyging|seevlak met slegs 1&nbsp;m sou styg]].<ref name="ali">{{en}} {{cite journal |author=A. Ali |year=1996 |title=Vulnerability of Bangladesh to climate change and sea level rise through tropical cyclones and storm surges |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00175563 |accessdate=1 Februarie 2020 |url-status=live |journal=Water, Air, & Soil Pollution |volume=92 |issue=1–2 |pages=171–179 |bibcode=1996WASP...92..171A |doi=10.1007/BF00175563 |s2cid=93611792 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200201143058/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00175563 |archive-date=1 Februarie 2020}}</ref> 12% van die land bestaan uit bergreekse soos die Chittagong-heuwelreeks met 'n hoogte van tussen 500&nbsp;m en 1&nbsp;000&nbsp;m wat in die suidoostelike deel van die land voorkom. Die hoogste plek in Bangladesj, wat naby aan die land se grens met Mianmar geleë is, is die Saka Haphong-piek met 'n hoogte van 1&nbsp;064&nbsp;m.<ref name="CIA" /> Die Karnaphoelrivier kronkel deur die heuwels en mond uit in die Golf van Bengale. 14% van die totale landarea word deur woude bedek, wat aan 1&nbsp;883&nbsp;400&nbsp;hektaar (ha) woud gelyk is.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |url=https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/a6e225da-4a31-4e06-818d-ca3aeadfd635/content |title=Terms and Definitions FRA 2025 Forest Resources Assessment, Working Paper 194 |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |year=2023}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://fra-data.fao.org/assessments/fra/2020/BGD/home/overview|title=Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020, Bangladesh |publisher=Voedsel- en Landbou-organisasie van die Verenigde Nasies}}</ref> === Klimaat === [[Lêer:Koppen-Geiger Map BGD present.svg|duimnael|links|Klimaatsones in Bangladesj volgens die [[Köppen-klimaatklassifikasie]]]] [[Lêer:Flooding after 1991 cyclone.jpg|duimnael|links|Vloede na die 1991-Bangladesjsikloon wat tot ongeveer 140&nbsp;000&nbsp;mense se dood gelei het]] [[Lêer:Bengal Tiger gets down in a shallow canal in Sundarban.jpg|duimnael|links|'n Bengaalse tier, die nasionale dier]] Bangladesj het 'n [[moeson]]klimaat. Tussen Junie en Oktober waai die suidwesmoeson oor die kusstrook, en val daar tussen 2&nbsp;000&nbsp;mm en 3&nbsp;000&nbsp;mm [[reën]]. In die noorde reën dit selfs meer. Minder reën val in die suide. Van Mei tot Oktober is dit [[somer]] en die temperatuur styg na tussen 26 en 32° C. Die [[winter]]s is matig en die kwik daal selde benede 15° C. Die rekordlaagte was 1,1 °C wat op 3 Februarie 1905 in die noordwestelike stad van [[Dinaijpur]] gemeet is.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://kantaji.com/dinajpurmap.html |title=Map of Dinajpur |publisher=kantaji.com |accessdate=17 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713134542/http://kantaji.com/dinajpurmap.html |archive-date=13 Julie 2011}}</ref> Siklone teister die kusgebiede en stuur vloedgolwe tot diep die binneland in. Honderde mense, soms tot 'n halfmiljoen, kom in die rampe om en groot skade word aan gewasse aangerig. Die siklone van 1970 en 1991 was veral verwoestend. Laasgenoemde het ongeveer 140&nbsp;000 mense se dood veroorsaak.<ref>{{en}} [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2005-feb-27-adfg-bangla27-story.html Beset by Bay's Killer Storms, Bangladesh Prepares and Hopes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240902065034/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2005-feb-27-adfg-bangla27-story.html|date=2 September 2024}}. ''Los Angeles Times''. 27 Februarie 2005</ref> In September 1998 het Bangladesj die ergste vloede in die moderne geskiedenis van die mensdom beleef met meer as tweederdes van die land wat onderwater was en 'n lewensverlies van 'n 1000 mense.<ref name="EWG">{{en}} {{cite book |author=Peter Haggett |title=Encyclopedia of World Geography |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-7614-7308-4 |pages=2, 634 |chapter=The Indian Subcontinent |oclc=46578454 |accessdate=28 Maart 2024 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IROIY4ONOSEC&pg=PA2634 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328182107/https://books.google.com/books?id=IROIY4ONOSEC&pg=PA2634 |archive-date=28 Maart 2024 |url-status=live |orig-year=2002}}</ref> Verskeie internasionale en nasionale inisiatiewe het egter hard aan [[ramprisikovermindering]] gewerk en sodoende het die menslike en ekonomiese impak van die vloede met die jare verbeter.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |author=M. N. A. Raju |title=Disaster Preparedness for Sustainable Development in Bangladesh |url=https://www.daily-sun.com/arcprint/details/294175/Disaster-Preparedness-for-Sustainable-Development-in-Bangladesh/2018-03-10 |publisher=Daily Sun |date=10 Maart 2018 |accessdate=24 Julie 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210724074442/https://www.daily-sun.com/arcprint/details/294175/Disaster-Preparedness-for-Sustainable-Development-in-Bangladesh/2018-03-10 |archive-date=24 Julie 2021}}</ref> ==== Klimaatsverandering ==== Bangladesj word beskou as een van die kwesbaarste lande wat die effek van [[klimaatsverandering]] betref.<ref>{{en}} {{cite journal |last1=Kulp |first1=Scott A. |last2=Strauss |first2=Benjamin H. |date=29 Oktober 2019 |title=New elevation data triple estimates of global vulnerability to sea-level rise and coastal flooding |journal=Nature Communications |volume=10 |issue=1 |page=4844 |bibcode=2019NatCo..10.4844K |doi=10.1038/s41467-019-12808-z |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=6820795 |pmid=31664024}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://climatecentral.org/news/report-flooded-future-global-vulnerability-to-sea-level-rise-worse-than-previously-understood |title=Report: Flooded Future: Global vulnerability to sea level rise worse than previously understood |publisher =climatecentral.org |date=29 Oktober 2019 |accessdate=2 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102025006/https://climatecentral.org/news/report-flooded-future-global-vulnerability-to-sea-level-rise-worse-than-previously-understood |archive-date=2 November 2019}}</ref> Oor die loop van 'n eeu het 508 siklone Bengalbaai geaffekteer, waarvan 17% land bereik het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |author=Sanjay Chaturvedi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UB1qDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT67 |title=Climate Change and the Bay of Bengal |publisher=Flipside Digital Content Company Inc. |isbn=978-981-4762-01-4 |date=29 April 2016 |accessdate=28 Maart 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328182105/https://books.google.com/books?id=UB1qDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT67#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=28 Maart 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Daar word verwag dat die natuurlike gevare wat saam met die styging in reënval, seevlakke, en tropiese siklone kom, sal vermeerder soos die klimaat bly verander, wat 'n ernstige impak op [[landbou]], water- en [[voedselsekuriteit]], [[Gesondheid|menslike gesondheid]] en behuising sal hê.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |url=http://www.moef.gov.bd/moef.pdf |title=Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan, 2008 |publisher=Ministry of Environment and Forests Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh |year=2008 |accessdate=7 Oktober 2009 |isbn=978-984-8574-25-6 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007060017/http://www.moef.gov.bd/moef.pdf |archive-date=7 Oktober 2009}}</ref> === Biodiversiteit === <!-- Weens die hoë bevolkingsdigtheid moes die natuurlike plantegroei grootliks plek maak vir grondhonger boere. Net in die Chittagong-heuwels, langs die suidkus en in die binneland tussen die riviere Yamuna en Menghna, kom tropiese reënwoude voor. In die riviergebiede vind 'n mens soms moerasse en savannes. Al die bekende diersoorte van die subkontinent word in die land aangetref. Die waterbuffel is mak gemaak en word met groot sukses as ploegdier gebruik. --> Bangladesj is in die [[Indomalaja]]-ryk geleë en lê binne vier terrestriële [[Ekostreek|ekostreke]]: Laer Gangiese Vlaktes se klam [[bladwisselend]]e woude, Mizoram–Manipur–Kachin [[reënwoud]]e, [[Sundarbans]] se varswatermoeraswoude, en Sundarbans se mangroves.<ref name="DinersteinOlson2017">{{en}} {{cite journal |last1=Dinerstein |first1=Eric |last2=Olson |first2=David |last3=Joshi |first3=Anup |last4=Vynne |first4=Carly |last5=Burgess |first5=Neil D. |last6=Wikramanayake |first6=Eric |last7=Hahn |first7=Nathan |last8=Palminteri |first8=Suzanne |last9=Hedao |first9=Prashant |last10=Noss |first10=Reed |last11=Hansen |first11=Matt |last12=Locke |first12=Harvey |last13=Ellis |first13=Erle C |last14=Jones |first14=Benjamin |last15=Barber |first15=Charles Victor |year=2017 |title=An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm |journal=BioScience |volume=67 |issue=6 |pages=534–545 |doi=10.1093/biosci/bix014 |issn=0006-3568 |pmc=5451287 |pmid=28608869 |last16=Hayes |first16=Randy |last17=Kormos |first17=Cyril |last18=Martin |first18=Vance |last19=Crist |first19=Eileen |last20=Sechrest |first20=Wes |last21=Price |first21=Lori |last22=Baillie |first22=Jonathan E. M. |last23=Weeden |first23=Don |last24=Suckling |first24=Kierán |last25=Davis |first25=Crystal |last26=Sizer |first26=Nigel |last27=Moore |first27=Rebecca |last28=Thau |first28=David |last29=Birch |first29=Tanya |last30=Potapov |first30=Peter |last31=Turubanova |first31=Svetlana |last32=Tyukavina |first32=Alexandra |last33=de Souza |first33=Nadia |last34=Pintea |first34=Lilian |last35=Brito |first35=José C. |last36=Llewellyn |first36=Othman A. |last37=Miller |first37=Anthony G. |last38=Patzelt |first38=Annette |last39=Ghazanfar |first39=Shahina A. |last40=Timberlake |first40=Jonathan |last41=Klöser |first41=Heinz |last42=Shennan-Farpón |first42=Yara |last43=Kindt |first43=Roeland |last44=Lillesø |first44=Jens-Peter Barnekow |last45=van Breugel |first45=Paulo |last46=Graudal |first46=Lars |last47=Voge |first47=Maianna |last48=Al-Shammari |first48=Khalaf F. |last49=Saleem |first49=Muhammad}}</ref> Die land se [[ekologie]] sluit 'n lang seekuslyn, talle riviere en sytakke, mere, [[vleiland]]e, [[immergroen]] woude, semi-immergroen woude, heuwelwoude, klam bladwisselende woude, varswatermoeraswoude en plat land met lang gras in. Die Bangladesj-vlakte is bekend vir sy vrugbare alluviale grond wat uitgebreide verbouing ondersteun. Die land word oorheers deur welige plantegroei, met dorpies wat dikwels tussen [[Mango-agtiges|mango]]-, nangka- ("jackfruit"), [[bamboes]]-, [[betelneut]]-, [[Klapperbos|klapper]]- en [[dadelpalm]]bosse begrawe lê.<ref name="global.britannica.com">{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Bangladesh|title=Bangladesh|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|accessdate=17 Februarie 2026}}</ref> Die land het tot 6000 spesies plantlewe, insluitend 5000 blomplante.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web|url=http://www.bdhcdelhi.org/index.php/flora-fauna|title=Flora and Fauna – Bangladesh high commission in India|publisher=Bangladesh High Commission, New Delhi|accessdate=20 Augustus 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130820012655/http://www.bdhcdelhi.org/index.php/flora-fauna|archive-date=20 Augustus 2013}}</ref> Waterliggame en vleilandstelsels bied 'n habitat vir baie waterplante. Waterlelies en lotusse floreer gedurende die moessonseisoen. Die land het 50 [[Wildreservaat|wildreservate]]. Bangladesj is die tuiste van die meeste van die Sundarbans, die wêreld se grootste mangrove-woud, wat 'n oppervlakte van 6&nbsp;000 vierkante kilometer in die suidwestelike kusstreek beslaan. Dit is in drie beskermde heiligdomme – die Suid-, Oos- en Wes-sones – verdeel. Die woud is 'n [[Unesco]]-[[wêrelderfenisgebied]]. Die noordoostelike Sylhet-streek is die tuiste van [[haor-vleilande]], 'n unieke [[Ekostelsel|ekosisteem]]. Dit sluit ook tropiese en subtropiese [[naaldwoud]]e, 'n varswatermoeraswoud en gemengde bladwisselende woude in. Die suidoostelike [[Chittagong]]-streek dek immergroen en semi-immergroen heuwelagtige oerwoude. Sentraal-Bangladesj sluit die vlakte Sal-woud in wat saam met die distrikte [[Gazipur]], [[Tangail]] en [[Mymensingh]] loop. St. Martin's Eiland is die enigste [[koraalrif]] in die land. Bangladesj het 'n oorvloed wild in sy woude, vleie, boslande en heuwels.<ref name="global.britannica.com" /> Die oorgrote meerderheid diere woon binne 'n habitat van 150&nbsp;000 vierkante kilometer.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |author1=Soraya Auer|author2=Anika Hossain|date=7 Julie 2012|title=Lost Wards of the State|url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/magazine/2012/07/01/cover.htm|publisher=The Daily Star|accessdate=14 Februarie 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214120509/http://archive.thedailystar.net/magazine/2012/07/01/cover.htm|archive-date=14 Februarie 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Die [[Bengaalse tier]], [[gevlekte luiperd]], [[Krokodil|soutwaterkrokodil]], [[swartluiperd]] en [[visserkat]] is van die vernaamste roofdiere in die Sundarbans.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |author=Peter Haggett |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IROIY4ONOSEC&pg=PA2620 |title=Encyclopedia of World Geography |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-7614-7289-6 |page=2620 |accessdate=28 Maart 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328182110/https://books.google.com/books?id=IROIY4ONOSEC&pg=PA2620 |archive-date=28 Maart 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Noord- en oostelike Bangladesj is die tuiste van die [[Asiatiese olifant]], [[hoeloks]], [[Asiatiese swartbeer]] en [[Oosterse bont neushoringvoël]].<ref name="bearprojectbd.weebly.com">{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://bearprojectbd.weebly.com/bears-in-bangladesh.html |title=Bears in Bangladesh |publisher=Bangladesh Bear Project |accessdate=14 Februarie 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214061240/http://bearprojectbd.weebly.com/bears-in-bangladesh.html |archive-date=14 Februarie 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> Die [[chitale-takbok]]ke word wyd in suidwestelike boslande gesien. Ander diere sluit in die [[swart reuse-eekhoring]], [[kuiflangoer]], [[Bengaalse jakkals]], [[sambar-takbok]]ke, [[oerwoudkat]], [[koningkobra]], [[wildevark]]e, [[muishond]]e, [[ietermago]]s, [[luislange]] en [[Waterlikkewaan|waterlikkewane]]. Bangladesj het een van die grootste bevolkings van Irrawaddy- en Ganges-[[dolfyn]]e.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2009/03/090331-dolphins-found.html |title=6,000 Rare, Large River Dolphins Found in Bangladesh |publisher=National Geographic |date=Maart 2009 |accessdate=12 Oktober 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012093653/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2009/03/090331-dolphins-found.html|archive-date=12 Oktober 2014}}</ref> Die land het talle spesies [[amfibieë]] (53), [[reptiel]]e (139), mariene reptiele (19) en [[seesoogdier]]e (5). Die land het ook 628 spesies [[voël]]s.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=89375 |title=Conserving biodiversity must for survival |publisher=The Daily Star |author=Muhammad Selim Hossain |date=23 Mei 2009 |accessdate=30 Mei 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150530100603/http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=89375|archive-date=30 Mei 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> == Ekonomie == Bangladesj is 'n laer-middelinkomste [[gemengde ekonomie|gemengde markekonomie]].<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.dw.com/en/bangladesh-economy-50-years-on/a-57015896 |title=Bangladesh at 50: From 'basket case' to rising economic star |publisher=Deutsche Welle |author=Zobaer Ahmed |date=16 Desember 2021 |accessdate=30 September 2023}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2023/01/22/a-journey-together-bangladesh-and-world-bank-celebrate-historic-partnership |title=A Journey Together: Bangladesh and World Bank Celebrate Historic Partnership |publisher=[[Wêreldbank]] |date=22 Januarie 2023 |accessdate=9 Januarie 2025}}</ref> Dit is die wêreld se [[Lys van lande volgens BBP (nominaal)|36se grootste ekonomie]] volgens nominale terme en die [[Lys van lande volgens BBP (Koopkragpariteit)|24ste grootse]] volgens [[koopkragpariteit]]. Bangladesj het 'n [[werkmag]] van 71,4&nbsp;miljoen,<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.TOTL.IN?locations=BD |title=Labor force, total – Bangladesh |publisher=[[Wêreldbank]] |accessdate=30 September 2022}}</ref> die wêreld se sewende grootste, met 'n [[werkloosheid]]syfer van 3,6% (in 2024).<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS?locations=BD |title=Unemployment, total (% of total labor force) (modeled ILO estimate) – Bangladesh |publisher=[[Wêreldbank]] |accessdate=30 September 2022}}</ref> Alhoewel sy [[buitelandse valutareserwes]] verminder<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://en.prothomalo.com/business/local/s3knbstt64 |title=Respite from fall in forex reserves, dollar market stable |publisher=Prothom Alo |date=19 Oktober 2024 |author=Shanaullah Sakib |accessdate=9 Januarie 2025}}</ref> is dit ná Indië die naashoogste in Suid-Asië. Bangladesj se groot diaspora het ongeveer $27&nbsp;miljard in 2024 oorbetaal.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/business/economy/news/remittance-hit-all-time-high-2024-3789871 |title=Remittance hit all-time high in 2024 |publisher=The Daily Star |author=Md Mehedi Hasan |date=2 Januarie 2025 |accessdate=9 Januarie 2025}}</ref> Die [[Bangladesj-taka]] is die nasionale geldeenheid. == Sport == [[Lêer:Bangladesh Players Celebrate Fall of Wicket.jpg|duimnael|Die [[Bengaalse nasionale krieketspan]] vier die neem van 'n paaltjie teen [[Zimbabwiese nasionale krieketspan|Zimbabwe]] in 2009]] [[Krieket]] is Bangladesj se gewildste [[sport]]soort, gevolg deur [[sokker]]. Ander gewilde sportsoorte sluit in [[veldhokkie]], [[tennis]], [[pluimbal]], [[handbal]], [[basketbal]], [[vlugbal]], [[skaak]], skietsport en [[hengel]]. [[Kabaddi]] is Bangladesj se nasionale sport.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |last=Faroqi |first=Gofran |year=2012 |chapter=Kabadi |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Kabadi |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Tweede |publisher=Asiatic Society of Bangladesh}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2017/may/31/bangaldesh-rise-cricket-next-major-force |title=The rise and rise of Bangladesh cricket – what took them so long? |publisher=[[The Guardian]] |date=31 Januarie 2017 |accessdate=17 Februarie 2026}}</ref> Die [[Bengaalse nasionale krieketspan]] het sedert [[Krieketwêreldbeker 1999|1999]] vir elke [[krieketwêreldbeker]]toernooi gekwalifiseer, maar tot dusver nie een van die toernooie gewen nie; hul beste vertoning was die kwarteindrondte tydens die [[Krieketwêreldbeker 2015]]. In 2000 is [[Toetskrieket|toetsstatus]] aan Bangladesj toegeken. Bangladesj het die [[Krieketwêreldbeker 2011]] saam met [[Indië]] en [[Sri Lanka]] aangebied, waartydens twee groepwedstryde in Chittagong, asook vier groepwedstryde en twee kwarteindstryde in [[Dhaka]] gespeel is. Daarbenewens het Bangladesj op sy eie as gasheer van die [[Kampioenetrofee 1998]], die [[T20I-wêreldbeker 2014]] en die gelyktydige [[T20I-vrouewêreldbeker 2014]] opgetree. Bangladesj sou ook die [[T20I-vrouewêreldbeker 2024]] huisves, maar dié toernooi is weens die “Julierewolusie” na die [[Verenigde Arabiese Emirate]] verskuif.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/131355/icc-moves-womens-t20-world-cup-from-strife-torn-bangladesh-to-uae |title=ICC moves Women's T20 World Cup from strife-torn Bangladesh to UAE |publisher=Cricbuzz |author=Vijay Tagore |date=20 Augustus 2024 |accessdate=17 Februarie 2026}}</ref> Tot in 2026 het Bangladesj ook aan elke [[T20I-wêreldbeker]]toernooi deelgeneem, maar hulle het besluit om nie aan die [[T20I-wêreldbeker 2026]] deel te neem nie.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.wisden.com/series/icc-mens-t20-world-cup-2026/cricket-news/bangladesh-replaced-by-scotland-at-2026-mens-t20-world-cup-after-refusing-travel-to-india |title=Bangladesh replaced by Scotland at 2026 men's T20 World Cup after refusing to travel to India |publisher=Wisden |date=24 Januarie 2026 |accessdate=17 Februarie 2026}}</ref> Tydens die [[Krieketwêreldbeker 2031]] sal Bangladesj saam met Indië weer as gasheer optree.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/usa-co-hosts-for-2024-t20-wc-pakistan-gets-2025-champions-trophy-india-and-bangladesh-2031-world-cup-1289589 |title=USA co-hosts for 2024 T20 WC, Pakistan gets 2025 Champions Trophy, India and Bangladesh 2031 World Cup |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |author=Nagraj Gollapudi |date=16 November 2021 |accessdate=17 Februarie 2026}}</ref> Tydens die Asiatiese Beker was Bangladesj drie keer die naaswenner (in 2012, 2016 en 2018). In 2020 het Bangladesj vir die eerste keer die [[o/19-krieketwêreldbeker]] gewen en sodoende sy eerste titeloorwinning in enige IKR-toernooi beklink.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/cricket/51437334 |title=U19s Cricket World Cup: Bangladesh beat India in final to win first title |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=9 Februarie 2020 |accessdate=17 Februarie 2026}}</ref> Die [[Bengaalse nasionale vrouekrieketspan]] het tydens die Asiatiese Vrouebeker 2018 sy eerste internasionale toernooi beklink. Hulle neem ook gereeld aan beide [[T20I-vrouewêreldbeker]]- en [[vrouekrieketwêreldbeker]]toernooie deel. Die Bengaalse nasionale sokkerspan kon tot dusver nog nie vir 'n [[FIFA]] [[Sokker-Wêreldbeker]]toernooi kwalifiseer nie. In 2003 het Bangladesj sy eerste internasionale trofee verower en die Suid-Asiatiese beker gewen. == Verwysings == {{Verwysings|4}} == Bronnelys == ; Algemeen * {{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Bangladesh|title=Bangladesh|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|accessdate=17 Februarie 2026}} * {{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/bangladesh/|title=Bangladesh|publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]|accessdate=17 Februarie 2026}} ; Geografie * ''[[Wêreldspektrum]]'', 1982, {{ISBN|0-908409-43-5}}, volume 2, bl. 166, 167 == Eksterne skakels == {{CommonsKategorie|Bangladesh|Bangladesj}} * {{en}} {{Wikivoyage|Bangladesh|Bangladesj}} * {{bn}} {{en}} [https://bangladesh.gov.bd/ Amptelike webwerf van Bangladesj se regering] * [https://birthcheckbd.com/ Gaan jou geboortesertifikaat in Bangladesj na]. {{Lande van Asië}} {{Normdata}} [[Kategorie:Bangladesj| ]] [[Kategorie:Britse Statebond]] [[Kategorie:Voormalige Britse kolonies]] rsjptnu0543wmf5lj5o2uoimd6196xp 2917070 2917067 2026-07-12T06:41:09Z Oesjaar 7467 Wysiging deur [[Special:Contributions/Birthcheck1|Birthcheck1]] teruggerol na laaste weergawe deur [[User:Oesjaar|Oesjaar]] 2916599 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Inligtingskas Land |noem_naam = Volksrepubliek Bangladesj |volle_naam = <small>গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ ([[Bengaals]])<br />''Gônoprojatontrī Bangladesh''</small> |algemene_naam = Bangladesj |beeld_vlag = Flag of Bangladesh.svg |beeld_wapen = National emblem of Bangladesh.svg |simbool_tipe = Embleem |beeld_kaart = Bangladesh (orthographic projection).svg |leuse = ''Joy Bangla''<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://en.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/joy-bangla-to-be-national-slogan-hc |title='Joy Bangla' to be national slogan: HC |publisher=Daily Prothom Alo |date=10 Maart 2020 |accessdate=10 Maart 2020}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://m.bdnews24.com/en/detail/bangladesh/1732865 |title=HC orders govt to announce 'Joy Bangla' as national slogan in three months |publisher=bdnews24.com |date=10 Maart 2020 |accessdate=30 Junie 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210630151417/https://m.bdnews24.com/en/detail/bangladesh/1732865 |archive-date=30 Junie 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref><br />জয় বাংলা<br /><small>''([[Bengaals]] vir: "Oorwinning vir Bengal")''</small> |volkslied = ''[[Amar Sonar Bangla]]''<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |title=National Symbols→National march |website=Bangladesh Tourism Board |location=Bangladesh |publisher=Ministry of Civil Aviation & Tourism |url=http://visitbangladesh.gov.bd/about-bangladesh/national-symbol/ |accessdate=21 Februarie 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502025828/http://visitbangladesh.gov.bd/about-bangladesh/national-symbol/ |archive-date=2 Mei 2019 |url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />আমার সোনার বাংলা<br /><small>''(Bengaals vir: "My Goue Bengale")''</small><br /><center>[[Lêer:Amar Sonar Bangla - official vocal music of the National anthem of Bangladesh.ogg]]</center><br />''Nasionale mars: [[Notuner Gaan]]''<br />নতুনের গান<br /><small>''(Bengaals vir: "Die lied van die jeug")''</small> |amptelike_tale = [[Bengaals]] |hoofstad = [[Dhaka]] {{Koördinate|23|42|N|90|21|O}} |latd = 23 |latm = 42 |latNS = N |longd = 90 |longm = 21 |longEW = O |grootste_stad = [[Dhaka]] |regeringsvorm = Unitêre parlementêre<br />grondwetlike [[republiek]] |leiertitels = <br />• [[President]]<br />• [[Eerste minister]] |leiername = [[Mohammed Shahabuddin]]<br />[[Tarique Rahman]] |oppervlak_rang = 94^ste |oppervlak_grootte = |oppervlak = 148&nbsp;460<ref name="CIA">{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/bangladesh/|title=Bangladesh|publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]|accessdate=17 Februarie 2026|archive-date=30 Julie 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730024842/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/bangladesh/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |oppervlakmi² = 57&nbsp;321 |persent_water = 6,4 |bevolking_skatting = 168&nbsp;697&nbsp;184<ref name="CIA" /> |bevolking_skatting_jaar = 2024 |bevolking_rang = 8^ste |bevolking_sensus = 169&nbsp;828&nbsp;911<ref>{{bn}} {{cite web |url=http://www.bbs.gov.bd/site/page/47856ad0-7e1c-4aab-bd78-892733bc06eb/Population-and-Housing-Census |title=বাংলাদেশ পরিসংখ্যান ব্যুরো}}</ref> |bevolking_sensus_jaar = 2023 |bevolkingsdigtheid = 1&nbsp;136 |bevolkingsdigtheidmi² = 2&nbsp;943 |bevolkingsdigtheidrang = 12^de |BBP_PPP = $1&nbsp;941&nbsp;miljard<ref name=imf2>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/publications/weo/weo-database/2025/april/weo-report?c=513%2C&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC%2C&sy=2023&ey=2027&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |title=Bangladesh |publisher=[[Internasionale Monetêre Fonds]] |date=April 2025 |accessdate=17 Februarie 2026}}</ref> |BBP_PPP_rang = 26^ste |BBP_PPP_jaar = 2026 |BBP_PPP_per_kapita = $11&nbsp;067<ref name="imf2" /> |BBP_PPP_per_kapita_rang = 125^ste |BBP = $513,121&nbsp;miljard<ref name="imf2" /> |BBP_rang = 34^ste |BBP_jaar = 2026 |BBP_per_kapita = $2&nbsp;925<ref name="imf2" /> |BBP_per_kapita_rang = 146^ste |onafhanklikheidstipe = Vorming |onafhanklikheidsgebeure = • Verdeling van [[Brits-Indië]]<br />• Onafhanklikheidsverklaring<br />• Bereik<br />• Huidige grondwet |onafhanklikheidsdatums = <br /><br />[[14 Augustus]] [[1947]]<br />[[26 Maart]] [[1971]]<br />[[16 Desember]] [[1971]]<br />[[16 Desember]] [[1972]] |MOI = {{wins}} 0,685<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf |title=Human Development Report 2025 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme |date=6 Mei 2025 |accessdate=17 Februarie 2026}}</ref> |MOI_rang = 130^ste |MOI_jaar = 2023 |MOI_kategorie = {{kleur|#fc0|medium}} |Gini = 30,9<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=BD |title=Gini Index – Bangladesh |publisher=[[Wêreldbank]] |accessdate=17 Februarie 2026}}</ref> |Gini_rang = |Gini_jaar = 2022 |Gini_kategorie = {{kleur|#fc0|medium}} |geldeenheid = [[Bangladesj-taka|Taka]] (৳) |geldeenheid_kode = BDT |land_kode = BD |tydsone = BST |utc_afwyking = [[UTC+06:00|+06:00]] |tydsone_somer = nie toegepas nie |utc_afwyking_DST = [[UTC+06:00|+06:00]] |internet_domein = [[.bd]]<br />.বাংলা |skakelkode = 880 |voetskrif = }} '''Bangladesj''' ([[Bengaals]]: বাংলাদেশ, ''Bāṃlādēśa'', [ˈbaŋlad̪eʃ], {{Audio|Bn-বাংলাদেশ.oga|luister}}; letterlik "land van die [[Bengale (volk)|Bengale]]"), amptelik die '''Volksrepubliek Bangladesj''' (গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ, ''Gaṇaprajātantrī Bāṃlādēśa''), is 'n digbevolkte land in [[Suid-Asië]] in die streek [[Bengale]]. Dit beslaan 'n oppervlakte van 148&nbsp;460&nbsp;km² en het in 2024 'n bevolking van sowat 170 miljoen gehad.<ref name="CIA" /> Die [[hoofstad]] en grootste stad is [[Dhaka]] (of Dakka), ander groot stede sluit in [[Chittagong]] in die suidooste en [[Khulna]] in die suidweste. Die [[amptelike taal]] is Bengaals, die belangrikste [[etniese groep]] is die [[Bengale (volk)|Bengale]] en die plaaslike [[geld]]eenheid is die [[Bangladesj-taka|taka]] (৳, tk). [[Lêer:Satellite image of Bangladesh in October 2001.jpg|duimnael|links|[[Nasa]]-satellietbeeld van Bangladesj]] Die land lê aan die [[Golf van Bengale]] in die [[Indiese Oseaan]], maar word origens heeltemal deur [[Indië]] omring, behalwe vir die suidoostelike hoek, wat aan [[Mianmar]] (Birma) grens. Net noordwes van Bangladesj is [[Nepal]] en noord is [[Bhoetan]] geleë, maar al drie lande word deur 'n smal Indiese strook van mekaar geskei. Die [[Ganges]]-[[Brahmaputra]]-vloedvlakte is die oorheersende geografiese kenmerk van die land. Bangladesj het tussen 1858 en 1947 deel uitgemaak van [[Brits-Indië]] en met die [[Verdeling van Indië]] het dit deel geword van [[Pakistan]]. In 1952 het die Bengaalse Taalbeweging begin en in 1971 het die provinsie met Indiese ondersteuning die Bengaalse Onafhanklikheidsoorlog teen Pakistan begin. Op 26 Maart 1971 het Bangladesj sy [[onafhanklikheid]] van Pakistan verklaar en met die [[grondwet]] op 4 November 1972 'n unitêre parlementêre republiek geword. Bangladesj is 'n lidland van die [[Britse Statebond]] met 'n [[president]] as [[staatshoof]]. Sedert sy onafhanklikwording in 1971 beleef Bangladesj armoede, [[hongersnood]], politieke onrus en [[Staatsgreep|militêre staatsgrepe]]. Die herstel van demokrasie in 1991 het verligting gebring, maar die land het steeds met baie uitdagings te kampe, veral die jaarlikse [[Oorstroming|vloede]] en [[Sikloon|siklone]].<ref name="HAT Taal-en-feitegids">HAT Taal-en-feitegids, Pearson, Desember 2013, {{ISBN|978-1-77578-243-8}}</ref> == Geografie == === Ligging === [[Lêer:Bangladeshmap.png|duimnael|links|Kaart van Bangladesj]] Bangladesj ("land van die Bengale") lê in die noordoostelike hoek van die [[Indiese subkontinent]] en word in die weste en noorde deur Indië begrens, in die ooste deur Indië en [[Mianmar]] en in die suide deur die [[Golf van Bengale]]. Die grootste deel van die land is 'n deltagebied wat deur 'n dik laag slik afkomstig uit drie riviere, die [[Ganges]], die [[Yamuna]] en die Meghna, bedek word. Bangladesj word dikwels die "Land van riviere" genoem,<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://ejfoundation.org/films/bangladesh-land-of-rivers |title=No Place Like Home – BANGLADESH: LAND OF RIVERS |publisher=Environmental Justice Foundation |accessdate=30 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930051647/https://ejfoundation.org/films/bangladesh-land-of-rivers |archive-date=30 September 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> omdat dit meer as 57 oorgrensende riviere huisves, die meeste van enige volkstaat. Waterkwessies is polities gekompliseerd aangesien Bangladesj stroom-af van Indië is.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |author=Sūryaprasāda Suvedī |title=International watercourses law for the 21st century |publisher=Ashgate Publishing |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-7546-4527-6 |pages=154–166}}</ref> Die grond is ryk aan [[aluminium]]- en [[yster]]bestanddele, maar wat [[vrugbaarheid]] betref, word daar met elke reënbui groot hoeveelhede vrugbare grond weggespoel, net om weer vervang te word as die riviere hul walle oorstroom, veral omdat Bangladesj oor 'n redelike plat terrein beskik. Die meerderheid van die land is minder as 12&nbsp;m bo [[seevlak]], en ongeveer 10% van die land sou heeltemal oorstroom wees as die [[Seevlakstyging|seevlak met slegs 1&nbsp;m sou styg]].<ref name="ali">{{en}} {{cite journal |author=A. Ali |year=1996 |title=Vulnerability of Bangladesh to climate change and sea level rise through tropical cyclones and storm surges |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00175563 |accessdate=1 Februarie 2020 |url-status=live |journal=Water, Air, & Soil Pollution |volume=92 |issue=1–2 |pages=171–179 |bibcode=1996WASP...92..171A |doi=10.1007/BF00175563 |s2cid=93611792 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200201143058/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00175563 |archive-date=1 Februarie 2020}}</ref> 12% van die land bestaan uit bergreekse soos die Chittagong-heuwelreeks met 'n hoogte van tussen 500&nbsp;m en 1&nbsp;000&nbsp;m wat in die suidoostelike deel van die land voorkom. Die hoogste plek in Bangladesj, wat naby aan die land se grens met Mianmar geleë is, is die Saka Haphong-piek met 'n hoogte van 1&nbsp;064&nbsp;m.<ref name="CIA" /> Die Karnaphoelrivier kronkel deur die heuwels en mond uit in die Golf van Bengale. 14% van die totale landarea word deur woude bedek, wat aan 1&nbsp;883&nbsp;400&nbsp;hektaar (ha) woud gelyk is.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |url=https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/a6e225da-4a31-4e06-818d-ca3aeadfd635/content |title=Terms and Definitions FRA 2025 Forest Resources Assessment, Working Paper 194 |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |year=2023}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://fra-data.fao.org/assessments/fra/2020/BGD/home/overview|title=Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020, Bangladesh |publisher=Voedsel- en Landbou-organisasie van die Verenigde Nasies}}</ref> === Klimaat === [[Lêer:Koppen-Geiger Map BGD present.svg|duimnael|links|Klimaatsones in Bangladesj volgens die [[Köppen-klimaatklassifikasie]]]] [[Lêer:Flooding after 1991 cyclone.jpg|duimnael|links|Vloede na die 1991-Bangladesjsikloon wat tot ongeveer 140&nbsp;000&nbsp;mense se dood gelei het]] [[Lêer:Bengal Tiger gets down in a shallow canal in Sundarban.jpg|duimnael|links|'n Bengaalse tier, die nasionale dier]] Bangladesj het 'n [[moeson]]klimaat. Tussen Junie en Oktober waai die suidwesmoeson oor die kusstrook, en val daar tussen 2&nbsp;000&nbsp;mm en 3&nbsp;000&nbsp;mm [[reën]]. In die noorde reën dit selfs meer. Minder reën val in die suide. Van Mei tot Oktober is dit [[somer]] en die temperatuur styg na tussen 26 en 32° C. Die [[winter]]s is matig en die kwik daal selde benede 15° C. Die rekordlaagte was 1,1 °C wat op 3 Februarie 1905 in die noordwestelike stad van [[Dinaijpur]] gemeet is.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://kantaji.com/dinajpurmap.html |title=Map of Dinajpur |publisher=kantaji.com |accessdate=17 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713134542/http://kantaji.com/dinajpurmap.html |archive-date=13 Julie 2011}}</ref> Siklone teister die kusgebiede en stuur vloedgolwe tot diep die binneland in. Honderde mense, soms tot 'n halfmiljoen, kom in die rampe om en groot skade word aan gewasse aangerig. Die siklone van 1970 en 1991 was veral verwoestend. Laasgenoemde het ongeveer 140&nbsp;000 mense se dood veroorsaak.<ref>{{en}} [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2005-feb-27-adfg-bangla27-story.html Beset by Bay's Killer Storms, Bangladesh Prepares and Hopes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240902065034/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2005-feb-27-adfg-bangla27-story.html|date=2 September 2024}}. ''Los Angeles Times''. 27 Februarie 2005</ref> In September 1998 het Bangladesj die ergste vloede in die moderne geskiedenis van die mensdom beleef met meer as tweederdes van die land wat onderwater was en 'n lewensverlies van 'n 1000 mense.<ref name="EWG">{{en}} {{cite book |author=Peter Haggett |title=Encyclopedia of World Geography |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-7614-7308-4 |pages=2, 634 |chapter=The Indian Subcontinent |oclc=46578454 |accessdate=28 Maart 2024 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IROIY4ONOSEC&pg=PA2634 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328182107/https://books.google.com/books?id=IROIY4ONOSEC&pg=PA2634 |archive-date=28 Maart 2024 |url-status=live |orig-year=2002}}</ref> Verskeie internasionale en nasionale inisiatiewe het egter hard aan [[ramprisikovermindering]] gewerk en sodoende het die menslike en ekonomiese impak van die vloede met die jare verbeter.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |author=M. N. A. Raju |title=Disaster Preparedness for Sustainable Development in Bangladesh |url=https://www.daily-sun.com/arcprint/details/294175/Disaster-Preparedness-for-Sustainable-Development-in-Bangladesh/2018-03-10 |publisher=Daily Sun |date=10 Maart 2018 |accessdate=24 Julie 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210724074442/https://www.daily-sun.com/arcprint/details/294175/Disaster-Preparedness-for-Sustainable-Development-in-Bangladesh/2018-03-10 |archive-date=24 Julie 2021}}</ref> ==== Klimaatsverandering ==== Bangladesj word beskou as een van die kwesbaarste lande wat die effek van [[klimaatsverandering]] betref.<ref>{{en}} {{cite journal |last1=Kulp |first1=Scott A. |last2=Strauss |first2=Benjamin H. |date=29 Oktober 2019 |title=New elevation data triple estimates of global vulnerability to sea-level rise and coastal flooding |journal=Nature Communications |volume=10 |issue=1 |page=4844 |bibcode=2019NatCo..10.4844K |doi=10.1038/s41467-019-12808-z |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=6820795 |pmid=31664024}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://climatecentral.org/news/report-flooded-future-global-vulnerability-to-sea-level-rise-worse-than-previously-understood |title=Report: Flooded Future: Global vulnerability to sea level rise worse than previously understood |publisher =climatecentral.org |date=29 Oktober 2019 |accessdate=2 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102025006/https://climatecentral.org/news/report-flooded-future-global-vulnerability-to-sea-level-rise-worse-than-previously-understood |archive-date=2 November 2019}}</ref> Oor die loop van 'n eeu het 508 siklone Bengalbaai geaffekteer, waarvan 17% land bereik het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |author=Sanjay Chaturvedi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UB1qDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT67 |title=Climate Change and the Bay of Bengal |publisher=Flipside Digital Content Company Inc. |isbn=978-981-4762-01-4 |date=29 April 2016 |accessdate=28 Maart 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328182105/https://books.google.com/books?id=UB1qDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT67#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=28 Maart 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Daar word verwag dat die natuurlike gevare wat saam met die styging in reënval, seevlakke, en tropiese siklone kom, sal vermeerder soos die klimaat bly verander, wat 'n ernstige impak op [[landbou]], water- en [[voedselsekuriteit]], [[Gesondheid|menslike gesondheid]] en behuising sal hê.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |url=http://www.moef.gov.bd/moef.pdf |title=Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan, 2008 |publisher=Ministry of Environment and Forests Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh |year=2008 |accessdate=7 Oktober 2009 |isbn=978-984-8574-25-6 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007060017/http://www.moef.gov.bd/moef.pdf |archive-date=7 Oktober 2009}}</ref> === Biodiversiteit === <!-- Weens die hoë bevolkingsdigtheid moes die natuurlike plantegroei grootliks plek maak vir grondhonger boere. Net in die Chittagong-heuwels, langs die suidkus en in die binneland tussen die riviere Yamuna en Menghna, kom tropiese reënwoude voor. In die riviergebiede vind 'n mens soms moerasse en savannes. Al die bekende diersoorte van die subkontinent word in die land aangetref. Die waterbuffel is mak gemaak en word met groot sukses as ploegdier gebruik. --> Bangladesj is in die [[Indomalaja]]-ryk geleë en lê binne vier terrestriële [[Ekostreek|ekostreke]]: Laer Gangiese Vlaktes se klam [[bladwisselend]]e woude, Mizoram–Manipur–Kachin [[reënwoud]]e, [[Sundarbans]] se varswatermoeraswoude, en Sundarbans se mangroves.<ref name="DinersteinOlson2017">{{en}} {{cite journal |last1=Dinerstein |first1=Eric |last2=Olson |first2=David |last3=Joshi |first3=Anup |last4=Vynne |first4=Carly |last5=Burgess |first5=Neil D. |last6=Wikramanayake |first6=Eric |last7=Hahn |first7=Nathan |last8=Palminteri |first8=Suzanne |last9=Hedao |first9=Prashant |last10=Noss |first10=Reed |last11=Hansen |first11=Matt |last12=Locke |first12=Harvey |last13=Ellis |first13=Erle C |last14=Jones |first14=Benjamin |last15=Barber |first15=Charles Victor |year=2017 |title=An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm |journal=BioScience |volume=67 |issue=6 |pages=534–545 |doi=10.1093/biosci/bix014 |issn=0006-3568 |pmc=5451287 |pmid=28608869 |last16=Hayes |first16=Randy |last17=Kormos |first17=Cyril |last18=Martin |first18=Vance |last19=Crist |first19=Eileen |last20=Sechrest |first20=Wes |last21=Price |first21=Lori |last22=Baillie |first22=Jonathan E. M. |last23=Weeden |first23=Don |last24=Suckling |first24=Kierán |last25=Davis |first25=Crystal |last26=Sizer |first26=Nigel |last27=Moore |first27=Rebecca |last28=Thau |first28=David |last29=Birch |first29=Tanya |last30=Potapov |first30=Peter |last31=Turubanova |first31=Svetlana |last32=Tyukavina |first32=Alexandra |last33=de Souza |first33=Nadia |last34=Pintea |first34=Lilian |last35=Brito |first35=José C. |last36=Llewellyn |first36=Othman A. |last37=Miller |first37=Anthony G. |last38=Patzelt |first38=Annette |last39=Ghazanfar |first39=Shahina A. |last40=Timberlake |first40=Jonathan |last41=Klöser |first41=Heinz |last42=Shennan-Farpón |first42=Yara |last43=Kindt |first43=Roeland |last44=Lillesø |first44=Jens-Peter Barnekow |last45=van Breugel |first45=Paulo |last46=Graudal |first46=Lars |last47=Voge |first47=Maianna |last48=Al-Shammari |first48=Khalaf F. |last49=Saleem |first49=Muhammad}}</ref> Die land se [[ekologie]] sluit 'n lang seekuslyn, talle riviere en sytakke, mere, [[vleiland]]e, [[immergroen]] woude, semi-immergroen woude, heuwelwoude, klam bladwisselende woude, varswatermoeraswoude en plat land met lang gras in. Die Bangladesj-vlakte is bekend vir sy vrugbare alluviale grond wat uitgebreide verbouing ondersteun. Die land word oorheers deur welige plantegroei, met dorpies wat dikwels tussen [[Mango-agtiges|mango]]-, nangka- ("jackfruit"), [[bamboes]]-, [[betelneut]]-, [[Klapperbos|klapper]]- en [[dadelpalm]]bosse begrawe lê.<ref name="global.britannica.com">{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Bangladesh|title=Bangladesh|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|accessdate=17 Februarie 2026}}</ref> Die land het tot 6000 spesies plantlewe, insluitend 5000 blomplante.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web|url=http://www.bdhcdelhi.org/index.php/flora-fauna|title=Flora and Fauna – Bangladesh high commission in India|publisher=Bangladesh High Commission, New Delhi|accessdate=20 Augustus 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130820012655/http://www.bdhcdelhi.org/index.php/flora-fauna|archive-date=20 Augustus 2013}}</ref> Waterliggame en vleilandstelsels bied 'n habitat vir baie waterplante. Waterlelies en lotusse floreer gedurende die moessonseisoen. Die land het 50 [[Wildreservaat|wildreservate]]. Bangladesj is die tuiste van die meeste van die Sundarbans, die wêreld se grootste mangrove-woud, wat 'n oppervlakte van 6&nbsp;000 vierkante kilometer in die suidwestelike kusstreek beslaan. Dit is in drie beskermde heiligdomme – die Suid-, Oos- en Wes-sones – verdeel. Die woud is 'n [[Unesco]]-[[wêrelderfenisgebied]]. Die noordoostelike Sylhet-streek is die tuiste van [[haor-vleilande]], 'n unieke [[Ekostelsel|ekosisteem]]. Dit sluit ook tropiese en subtropiese [[naaldwoud]]e, 'n varswatermoeraswoud en gemengde bladwisselende woude in. Die suidoostelike [[Chittagong]]-streek dek immergroen en semi-immergroen heuwelagtige oerwoude. Sentraal-Bangladesj sluit die vlakte Sal-woud in wat saam met die distrikte [[Gazipur]], [[Tangail]] en [[Mymensingh]] loop. St. Martin's Eiland is die enigste [[koraalrif]] in die land. Bangladesj het 'n oorvloed wild in sy woude, vleie, boslande en heuwels.<ref name="global.britannica.com" /> Die oorgrote meerderheid diere woon binne 'n habitat van 150&nbsp;000 vierkante kilometer.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |author1=Soraya Auer|author2=Anika Hossain|date=7 Julie 2012|title=Lost Wards of the State|url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/magazine/2012/07/01/cover.htm|publisher=The Daily Star|accessdate=14 Februarie 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214120509/http://archive.thedailystar.net/magazine/2012/07/01/cover.htm|archive-date=14 Februarie 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Die [[Bengaalse tier]], [[gevlekte luiperd]], [[Krokodil|soutwaterkrokodil]], [[swartluiperd]] en [[visserkat]] is van die vernaamste roofdiere in die Sundarbans.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |author=Peter Haggett |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IROIY4ONOSEC&pg=PA2620 |title=Encyclopedia of World Geography |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-7614-7289-6 |page=2620 |accessdate=28 Maart 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328182110/https://books.google.com/books?id=IROIY4ONOSEC&pg=PA2620 |archive-date=28 Maart 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Noord- en oostelike Bangladesj is die tuiste van die [[Asiatiese olifant]], [[hoeloks]], [[Asiatiese swartbeer]] en [[Oosterse bont neushoringvoël]].<ref name="bearprojectbd.weebly.com">{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://bearprojectbd.weebly.com/bears-in-bangladesh.html |title=Bears in Bangladesh |publisher=Bangladesh Bear Project |accessdate=14 Februarie 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214061240/http://bearprojectbd.weebly.com/bears-in-bangladesh.html |archive-date=14 Februarie 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> Die [[chitale-takbok]]ke word wyd in suidwestelike boslande gesien. Ander diere sluit in die [[swart reuse-eekhoring]], [[kuiflangoer]], [[Bengaalse jakkals]], [[sambar-takbok]]ke, [[oerwoudkat]], [[koningkobra]], [[wildevark]]e, [[muishond]]e, [[ietermago]]s, [[luislange]] en [[Waterlikkewaan|waterlikkewane]]. Bangladesj het een van die grootste bevolkings van Irrawaddy- en Ganges-[[dolfyn]]e.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2009/03/090331-dolphins-found.html |title=6,000 Rare, Large River Dolphins Found in Bangladesh |publisher=National Geographic |date=Maart 2009 |accessdate=12 Oktober 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012093653/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2009/03/090331-dolphins-found.html|archive-date=12 Oktober 2014}}</ref> Die land het talle spesies [[amfibieë]] (53), [[reptiel]]e (139), mariene reptiele (19) en [[seesoogdier]]e (5). Die land het ook 628 spesies [[voël]]s.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=89375 |title=Conserving biodiversity must for survival |publisher=The Daily Star |author=Muhammad Selim Hossain |date=23 Mei 2009 |accessdate=30 Mei 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150530100603/http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=89375|archive-date=30 Mei 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> == Ekonomie == Bangladesj is 'n laer-middelinkomste [[gemengde ekonomie|gemengde markekonomie]].<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.dw.com/en/bangladesh-economy-50-years-on/a-57015896 |title=Bangladesh at 50: From 'basket case' to rising economic star |publisher=Deutsche Welle |author=Zobaer Ahmed |date=16 Desember 2021 |accessdate=30 September 2023}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2023/01/22/a-journey-together-bangladesh-and-world-bank-celebrate-historic-partnership |title=A Journey Together: Bangladesh and World Bank Celebrate Historic Partnership |publisher=[[Wêreldbank]] |date=22 Januarie 2023 |accessdate=9 Januarie 2025}}</ref> Dit is die wêreld se [[Lys van lande volgens BBP (nominaal)|36se grootste ekonomie]] volgens nominale terme en die [[Lys van lande volgens BBP (Koopkragpariteit)|24ste grootse]] volgens [[koopkragpariteit]]. Bangladesj het 'n [[werkmag]] van 71,4&nbsp;miljoen,<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.TOTL.IN?locations=BD |title=Labor force, total – Bangladesh |publisher=[[Wêreldbank]] |accessdate=30 September 2022}}</ref> die wêreld se sewende grootste, met 'n [[werkloosheid]]syfer van 3,6% (in 2024).<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS?locations=BD |title=Unemployment, total (% of total labor force) (modeled ILO estimate) – Bangladesh |publisher=[[Wêreldbank]] |accessdate=30 September 2022}}</ref> Alhoewel sy [[buitelandse valutareserwes]] verminder<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://en.prothomalo.com/business/local/s3knbstt64 |title=Respite from fall in forex reserves, dollar market stable |publisher=Prothom Alo |date=19 Oktober 2024 |author=Shanaullah Sakib |accessdate=9 Januarie 2025}}</ref> is dit ná Indië die naashoogste in Suid-Asië. Bangladesj se groot diaspora het ongeveer $27&nbsp;miljard in 2024 oorbetaal.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/business/economy/news/remittance-hit-all-time-high-2024-3789871 |title=Remittance hit all-time high in 2024 |publisher=The Daily Star |author=Md Mehedi Hasan |date=2 Januarie 2025 |accessdate=9 Januarie 2025}}</ref> Die [[Bangladesj-taka]] is die nasionale geldeenheid. == Sport == [[Lêer:Bangladesh Players Celebrate Fall of Wicket.jpg|duimnael|Die [[Bengaalse nasionale krieketspan]] vier die neem van 'n paaltjie teen [[Zimbabwiese nasionale krieketspan|Zimbabwe]] in 2009]] [[Krieket]] is Bangladesj se gewildste [[sport]]soort, gevolg deur [[sokker]]. Ander gewilde sportsoorte sluit in [[veldhokkie]], [[tennis]], [[pluimbal]], [[handbal]], [[basketbal]], [[vlugbal]], [[skaak]], skietsport en [[hengel]]. [[Kabaddi]] is Bangladesj se nasionale sport.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |last=Faroqi |first=Gofran |year=2012 |chapter=Kabadi |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Kabadi |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Tweede |publisher=Asiatic Society of Bangladesh}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2017/may/31/bangaldesh-rise-cricket-next-major-force |title=The rise and rise of Bangladesh cricket – what took them so long? |publisher=[[The Guardian]] |date=31 Januarie 2017 |accessdate=17 Februarie 2026}}</ref> Die [[Bengaalse nasionale krieketspan]] het sedert [[Krieketwêreldbeker 1999|1999]] vir elke [[krieketwêreldbeker]]toernooi gekwalifiseer, maar tot dusver nie een van die toernooie gewen nie; hul beste vertoning was die kwarteindrondte tydens die [[Krieketwêreldbeker 2015]]. In 2000 is [[Toetskrieket|toetsstatus]] aan Bangladesj toegeken. Bangladesj het die [[Krieketwêreldbeker 2011]] saam met [[Indië]] en [[Sri Lanka]] aangebied, waartydens twee groepwedstryde in Chittagong, asook vier groepwedstryde en twee kwarteindstryde in [[Dhaka]] gespeel is. Daarbenewens het Bangladesj op sy eie as gasheer van die [[Kampioenetrofee 1998]], die [[T20I-wêreldbeker 2014]] en die gelyktydige [[T20I-vrouewêreldbeker 2014]] opgetree. Bangladesj sou ook die [[T20I-vrouewêreldbeker 2024]] huisves, maar dié toernooi is weens die “Julierewolusie” na die [[Verenigde Arabiese Emirate]] verskuif.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/131355/icc-moves-womens-t20-world-cup-from-strife-torn-bangladesh-to-uae |title=ICC moves Women's T20 World Cup from strife-torn Bangladesh to UAE |publisher=Cricbuzz |author=Vijay Tagore |date=20 Augustus 2024 |accessdate=17 Februarie 2026}}</ref> Tot in 2026 het Bangladesj ook aan elke [[T20I-wêreldbeker]]toernooi deelgeneem, maar hulle het besluit om nie aan die [[T20I-wêreldbeker 2026]] deel te neem nie.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.wisden.com/series/icc-mens-t20-world-cup-2026/cricket-news/bangladesh-replaced-by-scotland-at-2026-mens-t20-world-cup-after-refusing-travel-to-india |title=Bangladesh replaced by Scotland at 2026 men's T20 World Cup after refusing to travel to India |publisher=Wisden |date=24 Januarie 2026 |accessdate=17 Februarie 2026}}</ref> Tydens die [[Krieketwêreldbeker 2031]] sal Bangladesj saam met Indië weer as gasheer optree.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/usa-co-hosts-for-2024-t20-wc-pakistan-gets-2025-champions-trophy-india-and-bangladesh-2031-world-cup-1289589 |title=USA co-hosts for 2024 T20 WC, Pakistan gets 2025 Champions Trophy, India and Bangladesh 2031 World Cup |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |author=Nagraj Gollapudi |date=16 November 2021 |accessdate=17 Februarie 2026}}</ref> Tydens die Asiatiese Beker was Bangladesj drie keer die naaswenner (in 2012, 2016 en 2018). In 2020 het Bangladesj vir die eerste keer die [[o/19-krieketwêreldbeker]] gewen en sodoende sy eerste titeloorwinning in enige IKR-toernooi beklink.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/cricket/51437334 |title=U19s Cricket World Cup: Bangladesh beat India in final to win first title |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=9 Februarie 2020 |accessdate=17 Februarie 2026}}</ref> Die [[Bengaalse nasionale vrouekrieketspan]] het tydens die Asiatiese Vrouebeker 2018 sy eerste internasionale toernooi beklink. Hulle neem ook gereeld aan beide [[T20I-vrouewêreldbeker]]- en [[vrouekrieketwêreldbeker]]toernooie deel. Die Bengaalse nasionale sokkerspan kon tot dusver nog nie vir 'n [[FIFA]] [[Sokker-Wêreldbeker]]toernooi kwalifiseer nie. In 2003 het Bangladesj sy eerste internasionale trofee verower en die Suid-Asiatiese beker gewen. == Verwysings == {{Verwysings|4}} == Bronnelys == ; Algemeen * {{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Bangladesh|title=Bangladesh|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|accessdate=17 Februarie 2026}} * {{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/bangladesh/|title=Bangladesh|publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]|accessdate=17 Februarie 2026}} ; Geografie * ''[[Wêreldspektrum]]'', 1982, {{ISBN|0-908409-43-5}}, volume 2, bl. 166, 167 == Eksterne skakels == {{CommonsKategorie|Bangladesh|Bangladesj}} * {{en}} {{Wikivoyage|Bangladesh|Bangladesj}} * {{bn}} {{en}} [https://bangladesh.gov.bd/ Amptelike webwerf van Bangladesj se regering] {{Lande van Asië}} {{Normdata}} [[Kategorie:Bangladesj| ]] [[Kategorie:Britse Statebond]] [[Kategorie:Voormalige Britse kolonies]] 6mgaaom6vnkjtowwyf99sux4te05ep1 2917085 2917070 2026-07-12T10:27:00Z Oesjaar 7467 Beskerm "[[Bangladesj]]": Spam ([Wysig=Laat slegs administrateurs toe] (verval op 12 Januarie 2027 om 10:27 (UTC)) [Skuif=Laat slegs administrateurs toe] (verval op 12 Januarie 2027 om 10:27 (UTC))) 2916599 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Inligtingskas Land |noem_naam = Volksrepubliek Bangladesj |volle_naam = <small>গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ ([[Bengaals]])<br />''Gônoprojatontrī Bangladesh''</small> |algemene_naam = Bangladesj |beeld_vlag = Flag of Bangladesh.svg |beeld_wapen = National emblem of Bangladesh.svg |simbool_tipe = Embleem |beeld_kaart = Bangladesh (orthographic projection).svg |leuse = ''Joy Bangla''<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://en.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/joy-bangla-to-be-national-slogan-hc |title='Joy Bangla' to be national slogan: HC |publisher=Daily Prothom Alo |date=10 Maart 2020 |accessdate=10 Maart 2020}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://m.bdnews24.com/en/detail/bangladesh/1732865 |title=HC orders govt to announce 'Joy Bangla' as national slogan in three months |publisher=bdnews24.com |date=10 Maart 2020 |accessdate=30 Junie 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210630151417/https://m.bdnews24.com/en/detail/bangladesh/1732865 |archive-date=30 Junie 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref><br />জয় বাংলা<br /><small>''([[Bengaals]] vir: "Oorwinning vir Bengal")''</small> |volkslied = ''[[Amar Sonar Bangla]]''<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |title=National Symbols→National march |website=Bangladesh Tourism Board |location=Bangladesh |publisher=Ministry of Civil Aviation & Tourism |url=http://visitbangladesh.gov.bd/about-bangladesh/national-symbol/ |accessdate=21 Februarie 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502025828/http://visitbangladesh.gov.bd/about-bangladesh/national-symbol/ |archive-date=2 Mei 2019 |url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />আমার সোনার বাংলা<br /><small>''(Bengaals vir: "My Goue Bengale")''</small><br /><center>[[Lêer:Amar Sonar Bangla - official vocal music of the National anthem of Bangladesh.ogg]]</center><br />''Nasionale mars: [[Notuner Gaan]]''<br />নতুনের গান<br /><small>''(Bengaals vir: "Die lied van die jeug")''</small> |amptelike_tale = [[Bengaals]] |hoofstad = [[Dhaka]] {{Koördinate|23|42|N|90|21|O}} |latd = 23 |latm = 42 |latNS = N |longd = 90 |longm = 21 |longEW = O |grootste_stad = [[Dhaka]] |regeringsvorm = Unitêre parlementêre<br />grondwetlike [[republiek]] |leiertitels = <br />• [[President]]<br />• [[Eerste minister]] |leiername = [[Mohammed Shahabuddin]]<br />[[Tarique Rahman]] |oppervlak_rang = 94^ste |oppervlak_grootte = |oppervlak = 148&nbsp;460<ref name="CIA">{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/bangladesh/|title=Bangladesh|publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]|accessdate=17 Februarie 2026|archive-date=30 Julie 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730024842/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/bangladesh/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |oppervlakmi² = 57&nbsp;321 |persent_water = 6,4 |bevolking_skatting = 168&nbsp;697&nbsp;184<ref name="CIA" /> |bevolking_skatting_jaar = 2024 |bevolking_rang = 8^ste |bevolking_sensus = 169&nbsp;828&nbsp;911<ref>{{bn}} {{cite web |url=http://www.bbs.gov.bd/site/page/47856ad0-7e1c-4aab-bd78-892733bc06eb/Population-and-Housing-Census |title=বাংলাদেশ পরিসংখ্যান ব্যুরো}}</ref> |bevolking_sensus_jaar = 2023 |bevolkingsdigtheid = 1&nbsp;136 |bevolkingsdigtheidmi² = 2&nbsp;943 |bevolkingsdigtheidrang = 12^de |BBP_PPP = $1&nbsp;941&nbsp;miljard<ref name=imf2>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/publications/weo/weo-database/2025/april/weo-report?c=513%2C&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC%2C&sy=2023&ey=2027&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |title=Bangladesh |publisher=[[Internasionale Monetêre Fonds]] |date=April 2025 |accessdate=17 Februarie 2026}}</ref> |BBP_PPP_rang = 26^ste |BBP_PPP_jaar = 2026 |BBP_PPP_per_kapita = $11&nbsp;067<ref name="imf2" /> |BBP_PPP_per_kapita_rang = 125^ste |BBP = $513,121&nbsp;miljard<ref name="imf2" /> |BBP_rang = 34^ste |BBP_jaar = 2026 |BBP_per_kapita = $2&nbsp;925<ref name="imf2" /> |BBP_per_kapita_rang = 146^ste |onafhanklikheidstipe = Vorming |onafhanklikheidsgebeure = • Verdeling van [[Brits-Indië]]<br />• Onafhanklikheidsverklaring<br />• Bereik<br />• Huidige grondwet |onafhanklikheidsdatums = <br /><br />[[14 Augustus]] [[1947]]<br />[[26 Maart]] [[1971]]<br />[[16 Desember]] [[1971]]<br />[[16 Desember]] [[1972]] |MOI = {{wins}} 0,685<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf |title=Human Development Report 2025 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme |date=6 Mei 2025 |accessdate=17 Februarie 2026}}</ref> |MOI_rang = 130^ste |MOI_jaar = 2023 |MOI_kategorie = {{kleur|#fc0|medium}} |Gini = 30,9<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=BD |title=Gini Index – Bangladesh |publisher=[[Wêreldbank]] |accessdate=17 Februarie 2026}}</ref> |Gini_rang = |Gini_jaar = 2022 |Gini_kategorie = {{kleur|#fc0|medium}} |geldeenheid = [[Bangladesj-taka|Taka]] (৳) |geldeenheid_kode = BDT |land_kode = BD |tydsone = BST |utc_afwyking = [[UTC+06:00|+06:00]] |tydsone_somer = nie toegepas nie |utc_afwyking_DST = [[UTC+06:00|+06:00]] |internet_domein = [[.bd]]<br />.বাংলা |skakelkode = 880 |voetskrif = }} '''Bangladesj''' ([[Bengaals]]: বাংলাদেশ, ''Bāṃlādēśa'', [ˈbaŋlad̪eʃ], {{Audio|Bn-বাংলাদেশ.oga|luister}}; letterlik "land van die [[Bengale (volk)|Bengale]]"), amptelik die '''Volksrepubliek Bangladesj''' (গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ, ''Gaṇaprajātantrī Bāṃlādēśa''), is 'n digbevolkte land in [[Suid-Asië]] in die streek [[Bengale]]. Dit beslaan 'n oppervlakte van 148&nbsp;460&nbsp;km² en het in 2024 'n bevolking van sowat 170 miljoen gehad.<ref name="CIA" /> Die [[hoofstad]] en grootste stad is [[Dhaka]] (of Dakka), ander groot stede sluit in [[Chittagong]] in die suidooste en [[Khulna]] in die suidweste. Die [[amptelike taal]] is Bengaals, die belangrikste [[etniese groep]] is die [[Bengale (volk)|Bengale]] en die plaaslike [[geld]]eenheid is die [[Bangladesj-taka|taka]] (৳, tk). [[Lêer:Satellite image of Bangladesh in October 2001.jpg|duimnael|links|[[Nasa]]-satellietbeeld van Bangladesj]] Die land lê aan die [[Golf van Bengale]] in die [[Indiese Oseaan]], maar word origens heeltemal deur [[Indië]] omring, behalwe vir die suidoostelike hoek, wat aan [[Mianmar]] (Birma) grens. Net noordwes van Bangladesj is [[Nepal]] en noord is [[Bhoetan]] geleë, maar al drie lande word deur 'n smal Indiese strook van mekaar geskei. Die [[Ganges]]-[[Brahmaputra]]-vloedvlakte is die oorheersende geografiese kenmerk van die land. Bangladesj het tussen 1858 en 1947 deel uitgemaak van [[Brits-Indië]] en met die [[Verdeling van Indië]] het dit deel geword van [[Pakistan]]. In 1952 het die Bengaalse Taalbeweging begin en in 1971 het die provinsie met Indiese ondersteuning die Bengaalse Onafhanklikheidsoorlog teen Pakistan begin. Op 26 Maart 1971 het Bangladesj sy [[onafhanklikheid]] van Pakistan verklaar en met die [[grondwet]] op 4 November 1972 'n unitêre parlementêre republiek geword. Bangladesj is 'n lidland van die [[Britse Statebond]] met 'n [[president]] as [[staatshoof]]. Sedert sy onafhanklikwording in 1971 beleef Bangladesj armoede, [[hongersnood]], politieke onrus en [[Staatsgreep|militêre staatsgrepe]]. Die herstel van demokrasie in 1991 het verligting gebring, maar die land het steeds met baie uitdagings te kampe, veral die jaarlikse [[Oorstroming|vloede]] en [[Sikloon|siklone]].<ref name="HAT Taal-en-feitegids">HAT Taal-en-feitegids, Pearson, Desember 2013, {{ISBN|978-1-77578-243-8}}</ref> == Geografie == === Ligging === [[Lêer:Bangladeshmap.png|duimnael|links|Kaart van Bangladesj]] Bangladesj ("land van die Bengale") lê in die noordoostelike hoek van die [[Indiese subkontinent]] en word in die weste en noorde deur Indië begrens, in die ooste deur Indië en [[Mianmar]] en in die suide deur die [[Golf van Bengale]]. Die grootste deel van die land is 'n deltagebied wat deur 'n dik laag slik afkomstig uit drie riviere, die [[Ganges]], die [[Yamuna]] en die Meghna, bedek word. Bangladesj word dikwels die "Land van riviere" genoem,<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://ejfoundation.org/films/bangladesh-land-of-rivers |title=No Place Like Home – BANGLADESH: LAND OF RIVERS |publisher=Environmental Justice Foundation |accessdate=30 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930051647/https://ejfoundation.org/films/bangladesh-land-of-rivers |archive-date=30 September 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> omdat dit meer as 57 oorgrensende riviere huisves, die meeste van enige volkstaat. Waterkwessies is polities gekompliseerd aangesien Bangladesj stroom-af van Indië is.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |author=Sūryaprasāda Suvedī |title=International watercourses law for the 21st century |publisher=Ashgate Publishing |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-7546-4527-6 |pages=154–166}}</ref> Die grond is ryk aan [[aluminium]]- en [[yster]]bestanddele, maar wat [[vrugbaarheid]] betref, word daar met elke reënbui groot hoeveelhede vrugbare grond weggespoel, net om weer vervang te word as die riviere hul walle oorstroom, veral omdat Bangladesj oor 'n redelike plat terrein beskik. Die meerderheid van die land is minder as 12&nbsp;m bo [[seevlak]], en ongeveer 10% van die land sou heeltemal oorstroom wees as die [[Seevlakstyging|seevlak met slegs 1&nbsp;m sou styg]].<ref name="ali">{{en}} {{cite journal |author=A. Ali |year=1996 |title=Vulnerability of Bangladesh to climate change and sea level rise through tropical cyclones and storm surges |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00175563 |accessdate=1 Februarie 2020 |url-status=live |journal=Water, Air, & Soil Pollution |volume=92 |issue=1–2 |pages=171–179 |bibcode=1996WASP...92..171A |doi=10.1007/BF00175563 |s2cid=93611792 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200201143058/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00175563 |archive-date=1 Februarie 2020}}</ref> 12% van die land bestaan uit bergreekse soos die Chittagong-heuwelreeks met 'n hoogte van tussen 500&nbsp;m en 1&nbsp;000&nbsp;m wat in die suidoostelike deel van die land voorkom. Die hoogste plek in Bangladesj, wat naby aan die land se grens met Mianmar geleë is, is die Saka Haphong-piek met 'n hoogte van 1&nbsp;064&nbsp;m.<ref name="CIA" /> Die Karnaphoelrivier kronkel deur die heuwels en mond uit in die Golf van Bengale. 14% van die totale landarea word deur woude bedek, wat aan 1&nbsp;883&nbsp;400&nbsp;hektaar (ha) woud gelyk is.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |url=https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/a6e225da-4a31-4e06-818d-ca3aeadfd635/content |title=Terms and Definitions FRA 2025 Forest Resources Assessment, Working Paper 194 |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |year=2023}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://fra-data.fao.org/assessments/fra/2020/BGD/home/overview|title=Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020, Bangladesh |publisher=Voedsel- en Landbou-organisasie van die Verenigde Nasies}}</ref> === Klimaat === [[Lêer:Koppen-Geiger Map BGD present.svg|duimnael|links|Klimaatsones in Bangladesj volgens die [[Köppen-klimaatklassifikasie]]]] [[Lêer:Flooding after 1991 cyclone.jpg|duimnael|links|Vloede na die 1991-Bangladesjsikloon wat tot ongeveer 140&nbsp;000&nbsp;mense se dood gelei het]] [[Lêer:Bengal Tiger gets down in a shallow canal in Sundarban.jpg|duimnael|links|'n Bengaalse tier, die nasionale dier]] Bangladesj het 'n [[moeson]]klimaat. Tussen Junie en Oktober waai die suidwesmoeson oor die kusstrook, en val daar tussen 2&nbsp;000&nbsp;mm en 3&nbsp;000&nbsp;mm [[reën]]. In die noorde reën dit selfs meer. Minder reën val in die suide. Van Mei tot Oktober is dit [[somer]] en die temperatuur styg na tussen 26 en 32° C. Die [[winter]]s is matig en die kwik daal selde benede 15° C. Die rekordlaagte was 1,1 °C wat op 3 Februarie 1905 in die noordwestelike stad van [[Dinaijpur]] gemeet is.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://kantaji.com/dinajpurmap.html |title=Map of Dinajpur |publisher=kantaji.com |accessdate=17 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713134542/http://kantaji.com/dinajpurmap.html |archive-date=13 Julie 2011}}</ref> Siklone teister die kusgebiede en stuur vloedgolwe tot diep die binneland in. Honderde mense, soms tot 'n halfmiljoen, kom in die rampe om en groot skade word aan gewasse aangerig. Die siklone van 1970 en 1991 was veral verwoestend. Laasgenoemde het ongeveer 140&nbsp;000 mense se dood veroorsaak.<ref>{{en}} [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2005-feb-27-adfg-bangla27-story.html Beset by Bay's Killer Storms, Bangladesh Prepares and Hopes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240902065034/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2005-feb-27-adfg-bangla27-story.html|date=2 September 2024}}. ''Los Angeles Times''. 27 Februarie 2005</ref> In September 1998 het Bangladesj die ergste vloede in die moderne geskiedenis van die mensdom beleef met meer as tweederdes van die land wat onderwater was en 'n lewensverlies van 'n 1000 mense.<ref name="EWG">{{en}} {{cite book |author=Peter Haggett |title=Encyclopedia of World Geography |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-7614-7308-4 |pages=2, 634 |chapter=The Indian Subcontinent |oclc=46578454 |accessdate=28 Maart 2024 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IROIY4ONOSEC&pg=PA2634 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328182107/https://books.google.com/books?id=IROIY4ONOSEC&pg=PA2634 |archive-date=28 Maart 2024 |url-status=live |orig-year=2002}}</ref> Verskeie internasionale en nasionale inisiatiewe het egter hard aan [[ramprisikovermindering]] gewerk en sodoende het die menslike en ekonomiese impak van die vloede met die jare verbeter.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |author=M. N. A. Raju |title=Disaster Preparedness for Sustainable Development in Bangladesh |url=https://www.daily-sun.com/arcprint/details/294175/Disaster-Preparedness-for-Sustainable-Development-in-Bangladesh/2018-03-10 |publisher=Daily Sun |date=10 Maart 2018 |accessdate=24 Julie 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210724074442/https://www.daily-sun.com/arcprint/details/294175/Disaster-Preparedness-for-Sustainable-Development-in-Bangladesh/2018-03-10 |archive-date=24 Julie 2021}}</ref> ==== Klimaatsverandering ==== Bangladesj word beskou as een van die kwesbaarste lande wat die effek van [[klimaatsverandering]] betref.<ref>{{en}} {{cite journal |last1=Kulp |first1=Scott A. |last2=Strauss |first2=Benjamin H. |date=29 Oktober 2019 |title=New elevation data triple estimates of global vulnerability to sea-level rise and coastal flooding |journal=Nature Communications |volume=10 |issue=1 |page=4844 |bibcode=2019NatCo..10.4844K |doi=10.1038/s41467-019-12808-z |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=6820795 |pmid=31664024}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://climatecentral.org/news/report-flooded-future-global-vulnerability-to-sea-level-rise-worse-than-previously-understood |title=Report: Flooded Future: Global vulnerability to sea level rise worse than previously understood |publisher =climatecentral.org |date=29 Oktober 2019 |accessdate=2 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102025006/https://climatecentral.org/news/report-flooded-future-global-vulnerability-to-sea-level-rise-worse-than-previously-understood |archive-date=2 November 2019}}</ref> Oor die loop van 'n eeu het 508 siklone Bengalbaai geaffekteer, waarvan 17% land bereik het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |author=Sanjay Chaturvedi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UB1qDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT67 |title=Climate Change and the Bay of Bengal |publisher=Flipside Digital Content Company Inc. |isbn=978-981-4762-01-4 |date=29 April 2016 |accessdate=28 Maart 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328182105/https://books.google.com/books?id=UB1qDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT67#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=28 Maart 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Daar word verwag dat die natuurlike gevare wat saam met die styging in reënval, seevlakke, en tropiese siklone kom, sal vermeerder soos die klimaat bly verander, wat 'n ernstige impak op [[landbou]], water- en [[voedselsekuriteit]], [[Gesondheid|menslike gesondheid]] en behuising sal hê.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |url=http://www.moef.gov.bd/moef.pdf |title=Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan, 2008 |publisher=Ministry of Environment and Forests Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh |year=2008 |accessdate=7 Oktober 2009 |isbn=978-984-8574-25-6 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007060017/http://www.moef.gov.bd/moef.pdf |archive-date=7 Oktober 2009}}</ref> === Biodiversiteit === <!-- Weens die hoë bevolkingsdigtheid moes die natuurlike plantegroei grootliks plek maak vir grondhonger boere. Net in die Chittagong-heuwels, langs die suidkus en in die binneland tussen die riviere Yamuna en Menghna, kom tropiese reënwoude voor. In die riviergebiede vind 'n mens soms moerasse en savannes. Al die bekende diersoorte van die subkontinent word in die land aangetref. Die waterbuffel is mak gemaak en word met groot sukses as ploegdier gebruik. --> Bangladesj is in die [[Indomalaja]]-ryk geleë en lê binne vier terrestriële [[Ekostreek|ekostreke]]: Laer Gangiese Vlaktes se klam [[bladwisselend]]e woude, Mizoram–Manipur–Kachin [[reënwoud]]e, [[Sundarbans]] se varswatermoeraswoude, en Sundarbans se mangroves.<ref name="DinersteinOlson2017">{{en}} {{cite journal |last1=Dinerstein |first1=Eric |last2=Olson |first2=David |last3=Joshi |first3=Anup |last4=Vynne |first4=Carly |last5=Burgess |first5=Neil D. |last6=Wikramanayake |first6=Eric |last7=Hahn |first7=Nathan |last8=Palminteri |first8=Suzanne |last9=Hedao |first9=Prashant |last10=Noss |first10=Reed |last11=Hansen |first11=Matt |last12=Locke |first12=Harvey |last13=Ellis |first13=Erle C |last14=Jones |first14=Benjamin |last15=Barber |first15=Charles Victor |year=2017 |title=An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm |journal=BioScience |volume=67 |issue=6 |pages=534–545 |doi=10.1093/biosci/bix014 |issn=0006-3568 |pmc=5451287 |pmid=28608869 |last16=Hayes |first16=Randy |last17=Kormos |first17=Cyril |last18=Martin |first18=Vance |last19=Crist |first19=Eileen |last20=Sechrest |first20=Wes |last21=Price |first21=Lori |last22=Baillie |first22=Jonathan E. M. |last23=Weeden |first23=Don |last24=Suckling |first24=Kierán |last25=Davis |first25=Crystal |last26=Sizer |first26=Nigel |last27=Moore |first27=Rebecca |last28=Thau |first28=David |last29=Birch |first29=Tanya |last30=Potapov |first30=Peter |last31=Turubanova |first31=Svetlana |last32=Tyukavina |first32=Alexandra |last33=de Souza |first33=Nadia |last34=Pintea |first34=Lilian |last35=Brito |first35=José C. |last36=Llewellyn |first36=Othman A. |last37=Miller |first37=Anthony G. |last38=Patzelt |first38=Annette |last39=Ghazanfar |first39=Shahina A. |last40=Timberlake |first40=Jonathan |last41=Klöser |first41=Heinz |last42=Shennan-Farpón |first42=Yara |last43=Kindt |first43=Roeland |last44=Lillesø |first44=Jens-Peter Barnekow |last45=van Breugel |first45=Paulo |last46=Graudal |first46=Lars |last47=Voge |first47=Maianna |last48=Al-Shammari |first48=Khalaf F. |last49=Saleem |first49=Muhammad}}</ref> Die land se [[ekologie]] sluit 'n lang seekuslyn, talle riviere en sytakke, mere, [[vleiland]]e, [[immergroen]] woude, semi-immergroen woude, heuwelwoude, klam bladwisselende woude, varswatermoeraswoude en plat land met lang gras in. Die Bangladesj-vlakte is bekend vir sy vrugbare alluviale grond wat uitgebreide verbouing ondersteun. Die land word oorheers deur welige plantegroei, met dorpies wat dikwels tussen [[Mango-agtiges|mango]]-, nangka- ("jackfruit"), [[bamboes]]-, [[betelneut]]-, [[Klapperbos|klapper]]- en [[dadelpalm]]bosse begrawe lê.<ref name="global.britannica.com">{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Bangladesh|title=Bangladesh|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|accessdate=17 Februarie 2026}}</ref> Die land het tot 6000 spesies plantlewe, insluitend 5000 blomplante.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web|url=http://www.bdhcdelhi.org/index.php/flora-fauna|title=Flora and Fauna – Bangladesh high commission in India|publisher=Bangladesh High Commission, New Delhi|accessdate=20 Augustus 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130820012655/http://www.bdhcdelhi.org/index.php/flora-fauna|archive-date=20 Augustus 2013}}</ref> Waterliggame en vleilandstelsels bied 'n habitat vir baie waterplante. Waterlelies en lotusse floreer gedurende die moessonseisoen. Die land het 50 [[Wildreservaat|wildreservate]]. Bangladesj is die tuiste van die meeste van die Sundarbans, die wêreld se grootste mangrove-woud, wat 'n oppervlakte van 6&nbsp;000 vierkante kilometer in die suidwestelike kusstreek beslaan. Dit is in drie beskermde heiligdomme – die Suid-, Oos- en Wes-sones – verdeel. Die woud is 'n [[Unesco]]-[[wêrelderfenisgebied]]. Die noordoostelike Sylhet-streek is die tuiste van [[haor-vleilande]], 'n unieke [[Ekostelsel|ekosisteem]]. Dit sluit ook tropiese en subtropiese [[naaldwoud]]e, 'n varswatermoeraswoud en gemengde bladwisselende woude in. Die suidoostelike [[Chittagong]]-streek dek immergroen en semi-immergroen heuwelagtige oerwoude. Sentraal-Bangladesj sluit die vlakte Sal-woud in wat saam met die distrikte [[Gazipur]], [[Tangail]] en [[Mymensingh]] loop. St. Martin's Eiland is die enigste [[koraalrif]] in die land. Bangladesj het 'n oorvloed wild in sy woude, vleie, boslande en heuwels.<ref name="global.britannica.com" /> Die oorgrote meerderheid diere woon binne 'n habitat van 150&nbsp;000 vierkante kilometer.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |author1=Soraya Auer|author2=Anika Hossain|date=7 Julie 2012|title=Lost Wards of the State|url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/magazine/2012/07/01/cover.htm|publisher=The Daily Star|accessdate=14 Februarie 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214120509/http://archive.thedailystar.net/magazine/2012/07/01/cover.htm|archive-date=14 Februarie 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Die [[Bengaalse tier]], [[gevlekte luiperd]], [[Krokodil|soutwaterkrokodil]], [[swartluiperd]] en [[visserkat]] is van die vernaamste roofdiere in die Sundarbans.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |author=Peter Haggett |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IROIY4ONOSEC&pg=PA2620 |title=Encyclopedia of World Geography |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-7614-7289-6 |page=2620 |accessdate=28 Maart 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328182110/https://books.google.com/books?id=IROIY4ONOSEC&pg=PA2620 |archive-date=28 Maart 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Noord- en oostelike Bangladesj is die tuiste van die [[Asiatiese olifant]], [[hoeloks]], [[Asiatiese swartbeer]] en [[Oosterse bont neushoringvoël]].<ref name="bearprojectbd.weebly.com">{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://bearprojectbd.weebly.com/bears-in-bangladesh.html |title=Bears in Bangladesh |publisher=Bangladesh Bear Project |accessdate=14 Februarie 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214061240/http://bearprojectbd.weebly.com/bears-in-bangladesh.html |archive-date=14 Februarie 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> Die [[chitale-takbok]]ke word wyd in suidwestelike boslande gesien. Ander diere sluit in die [[swart reuse-eekhoring]], [[kuiflangoer]], [[Bengaalse jakkals]], [[sambar-takbok]]ke, [[oerwoudkat]], [[koningkobra]], [[wildevark]]e, [[muishond]]e, [[ietermago]]s, [[luislange]] en [[Waterlikkewaan|waterlikkewane]]. Bangladesj het een van die grootste bevolkings van Irrawaddy- en Ganges-[[dolfyn]]e.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2009/03/090331-dolphins-found.html |title=6,000 Rare, Large River Dolphins Found in Bangladesh |publisher=National Geographic |date=Maart 2009 |accessdate=12 Oktober 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012093653/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2009/03/090331-dolphins-found.html|archive-date=12 Oktober 2014}}</ref> Die land het talle spesies [[amfibieë]] (53), [[reptiel]]e (139), mariene reptiele (19) en [[seesoogdier]]e (5). Die land het ook 628 spesies [[voël]]s.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=89375 |title=Conserving biodiversity must for survival |publisher=The Daily Star |author=Muhammad Selim Hossain |date=23 Mei 2009 |accessdate=30 Mei 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150530100603/http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=89375|archive-date=30 Mei 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> == Ekonomie == Bangladesj is 'n laer-middelinkomste [[gemengde ekonomie|gemengde markekonomie]].<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.dw.com/en/bangladesh-economy-50-years-on/a-57015896 |title=Bangladesh at 50: From 'basket case' to rising economic star |publisher=Deutsche Welle |author=Zobaer Ahmed |date=16 Desember 2021 |accessdate=30 September 2023}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2023/01/22/a-journey-together-bangladesh-and-world-bank-celebrate-historic-partnership |title=A Journey Together: Bangladesh and World Bank Celebrate Historic Partnership |publisher=[[Wêreldbank]] |date=22 Januarie 2023 |accessdate=9 Januarie 2025}}</ref> Dit is die wêreld se [[Lys van lande volgens BBP (nominaal)|36se grootste ekonomie]] volgens nominale terme en die [[Lys van lande volgens BBP (Koopkragpariteit)|24ste grootse]] volgens [[koopkragpariteit]]. Bangladesj het 'n [[werkmag]] van 71,4&nbsp;miljoen,<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.TOTL.IN?locations=BD |title=Labor force, total – Bangladesh |publisher=[[Wêreldbank]] |accessdate=30 September 2022}}</ref> die wêreld se sewende grootste, met 'n [[werkloosheid]]syfer van 3,6% (in 2024).<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS?locations=BD |title=Unemployment, total (% of total labor force) (modeled ILO estimate) – Bangladesh |publisher=[[Wêreldbank]] |accessdate=30 September 2022}}</ref> Alhoewel sy [[buitelandse valutareserwes]] verminder<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://en.prothomalo.com/business/local/s3knbstt64 |title=Respite from fall in forex reserves, dollar market stable |publisher=Prothom Alo |date=19 Oktober 2024 |author=Shanaullah Sakib |accessdate=9 Januarie 2025}}</ref> is dit ná Indië die naashoogste in Suid-Asië. Bangladesj se groot diaspora het ongeveer $27&nbsp;miljard in 2024 oorbetaal.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/business/economy/news/remittance-hit-all-time-high-2024-3789871 |title=Remittance hit all-time high in 2024 |publisher=The Daily Star |author=Md Mehedi Hasan |date=2 Januarie 2025 |accessdate=9 Januarie 2025}}</ref> Die [[Bangladesj-taka]] is die nasionale geldeenheid. == Sport == [[Lêer:Bangladesh Players Celebrate Fall of Wicket.jpg|duimnael|Die [[Bengaalse nasionale krieketspan]] vier die neem van 'n paaltjie teen [[Zimbabwiese nasionale krieketspan|Zimbabwe]] in 2009]] [[Krieket]] is Bangladesj se gewildste [[sport]]soort, gevolg deur [[sokker]]. Ander gewilde sportsoorte sluit in [[veldhokkie]], [[tennis]], [[pluimbal]], [[handbal]], [[basketbal]], [[vlugbal]], [[skaak]], skietsport en [[hengel]]. [[Kabaddi]] is Bangladesj se nasionale sport.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |last=Faroqi |first=Gofran |year=2012 |chapter=Kabadi |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Kabadi |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Tweede |publisher=Asiatic Society of Bangladesh}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2017/may/31/bangaldesh-rise-cricket-next-major-force |title=The rise and rise of Bangladesh cricket – what took them so long? |publisher=[[The Guardian]] |date=31 Januarie 2017 |accessdate=17 Februarie 2026}}</ref> Die [[Bengaalse nasionale krieketspan]] het sedert [[Krieketwêreldbeker 1999|1999]] vir elke [[krieketwêreldbeker]]toernooi gekwalifiseer, maar tot dusver nie een van die toernooie gewen nie; hul beste vertoning was die kwarteindrondte tydens die [[Krieketwêreldbeker 2015]]. In 2000 is [[Toetskrieket|toetsstatus]] aan Bangladesj toegeken. Bangladesj het die [[Krieketwêreldbeker 2011]] saam met [[Indië]] en [[Sri Lanka]] aangebied, waartydens twee groepwedstryde in Chittagong, asook vier groepwedstryde en twee kwarteindstryde in [[Dhaka]] gespeel is. Daarbenewens het Bangladesj op sy eie as gasheer van die [[Kampioenetrofee 1998]], die [[T20I-wêreldbeker 2014]] en die gelyktydige [[T20I-vrouewêreldbeker 2014]] opgetree. Bangladesj sou ook die [[T20I-vrouewêreldbeker 2024]] huisves, maar dié toernooi is weens die “Julierewolusie” na die [[Verenigde Arabiese Emirate]] verskuif.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/131355/icc-moves-womens-t20-world-cup-from-strife-torn-bangladesh-to-uae |title=ICC moves Women's T20 World Cup from strife-torn Bangladesh to UAE |publisher=Cricbuzz |author=Vijay Tagore |date=20 Augustus 2024 |accessdate=17 Februarie 2026}}</ref> Tot in 2026 het Bangladesj ook aan elke [[T20I-wêreldbeker]]toernooi deelgeneem, maar hulle het besluit om nie aan die [[T20I-wêreldbeker 2026]] deel te neem nie.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.wisden.com/series/icc-mens-t20-world-cup-2026/cricket-news/bangladesh-replaced-by-scotland-at-2026-mens-t20-world-cup-after-refusing-travel-to-india |title=Bangladesh replaced by Scotland at 2026 men's T20 World Cup after refusing to travel to India |publisher=Wisden |date=24 Januarie 2026 |accessdate=17 Februarie 2026}}</ref> Tydens die [[Krieketwêreldbeker 2031]] sal Bangladesj saam met Indië weer as gasheer optree.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/usa-co-hosts-for-2024-t20-wc-pakistan-gets-2025-champions-trophy-india-and-bangladesh-2031-world-cup-1289589 |title=USA co-hosts for 2024 T20 WC, Pakistan gets 2025 Champions Trophy, India and Bangladesh 2031 World Cup |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |author=Nagraj Gollapudi |date=16 November 2021 |accessdate=17 Februarie 2026}}</ref> Tydens die Asiatiese Beker was Bangladesj drie keer die naaswenner (in 2012, 2016 en 2018). In 2020 het Bangladesj vir die eerste keer die [[o/19-krieketwêreldbeker]] gewen en sodoende sy eerste titeloorwinning in enige IKR-toernooi beklink.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/cricket/51437334 |title=U19s Cricket World Cup: Bangladesh beat India in final to win first title |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=9 Februarie 2020 |accessdate=17 Februarie 2026}}</ref> Die [[Bengaalse nasionale vrouekrieketspan]] het tydens die Asiatiese Vrouebeker 2018 sy eerste internasionale toernooi beklink. Hulle neem ook gereeld aan beide [[T20I-vrouewêreldbeker]]- en [[vrouekrieketwêreldbeker]]toernooie deel. Die Bengaalse nasionale sokkerspan kon tot dusver nog nie vir 'n [[FIFA]] [[Sokker-Wêreldbeker]]toernooi kwalifiseer nie. In 2003 het Bangladesj sy eerste internasionale trofee verower en die Suid-Asiatiese beker gewen. == Verwysings == {{Verwysings|4}} == Bronnelys == ; Algemeen * {{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Bangladesh|title=Bangladesh|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|accessdate=17 Februarie 2026}} * {{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/bangladesh/|title=Bangladesh|publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]|accessdate=17 Februarie 2026}} ; Geografie * ''[[Wêreldspektrum]]'', 1982, {{ISBN|0-908409-43-5}}, volume 2, bl. 166, 167 == Eksterne skakels == {{CommonsKategorie|Bangladesh|Bangladesj}} * {{en}} {{Wikivoyage|Bangladesh|Bangladesj}} * {{bn}} {{en}} [https://bangladesh.gov.bd/ Amptelike webwerf van Bangladesj se regering] {{Lande van Asië}} {{Normdata}} [[Kategorie:Bangladesj| ]] [[Kategorie:Britse Statebond]] [[Kategorie:Voormalige Britse kolonies]] 6mgaaom6vnkjtowwyf99sux4te05ep1 0 20206 2917039 2912045 2026-07-11T20:17:54Z Morne 672 /* Bekende oudleerders */ 2917039 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Inligtingskas Skool |naam = Hoërskool Jan van Riebeeck |inheemse naam = |logo = |onderskrif = |leuse = Wees Uself |gestig = |gesluit = |tipe = Staatsskool |onderigmedium = Afrikaans |hoof = A. Franken |adjunkhoof = |stigter = |personeel = |leerlinge = 500 |grade = |adres = Kloofstraat 129, Tuine |stad = Kaapstad |provinsie = Wes-Kaap |land = Suid-Afrika |kleure = {{Kleurkas|#C6952B}} {{Kleurkas|#09003A}} {{Kleurkas|#FFFFFF}} |koshuise = Huis Jordaan (meisies)<br />Huis A.J. van der Merwe (seuns) |jaarboek = |koerant = |webblad = [http://www.janvanriebeeck.co.za/ www.janvanriebeeck.co.za] }} [[Beeld:HS Jan van Riebeeck 1952.jpg|duimnael|330px|regs|Die Hoërskool Jan van Riebeeck omstreeks 1951.]] [[Beeld:JVR_gebou.jpg|duimnael|250px|regs|Die skoolterrein is op die hoek van Kamp- en Kloofstraat in [[Tuine, Kaapstad|Tuine]], [[Kaapstad]], geleë.]] '''Hoërskool Jan van Riebeeck''' is 'n openbare mede-opvoedkundige hoërskool geleë in [[Tuine, Kaapstad|Tuine]], 'n voorstad van [[Kaapstad]]. Die voertale is [[Afrikaans]] en [[Engels]]. Die skool beskryf homself as ''die bekendste Afrikaanse hoërskool in [[Suid-Afrika]]''.<ref>[http://www.janvanriebeeck.co.za/hshoofpic.htm JvR verwelkomingsbladsy], besoek 10 November 2008.</ref> Die skool is in [[1926]] gestig met mnr J.J. Jordaan as die eerste hoof en twee deeltydse assistente wat 46 leerders moes onderrig. Reeds teen [[1932]] was daar 318 seuns en dogters in die skool, wat dit die grootste gemengde skool in die destydse [[Kaapprovinsie]] gemaak het. Jordaan was 'n sterk voorstander van Afrikaans as onderrigmedium en Jan van Riebeeck was een van die eerste en bekendste skole wat die taal as onderrigmedium ingevoer het. Hy is in [[1936]] in die tuig oorlede. Die woorde “handhawers van ons moedertaal” vorm die klimaks van die skoollied.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://dip.sun.ac.za/~laurie/skoollied.pdf |title=Skoollied |access-date= 7 April 2011 |archive-date= 6 Desember 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111206131759/http://dip.sun.ac.za/~laurie/skoollied.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[I.D. du Plessis]] het die woorde geskryf en die musiek is gekomponeer deur William Pickerill, destyds dirigent van die Kaapse Stadsorkes.<ref>[http://myfundi.co.za/eng2/index.php/Conductors_in_South_Africa Conductors in South Africa], besoek 2011/04/07</ref> == Leerdertal == In die jare 90 het die leerdertal op ongeveer 500 gestabiliseer, maar in [[2006]] tot meer as 580 aangegroei en in [[2010]] tot 603<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://wcedemis.pgwc.gov.za/wced/findaschool.html |title=Die Wes-Kaapse Onderwysdepartement se Find-A-School |access-date=28 Augustus 2012 |archive-date=14 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414055823/http://wcedemis.pgwc.gov.za/wced/findaschool.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> danksy busvervoer na veral die suidelike en noordwestelike voorstede, soos [[Bloubergstrand]], [[Table View]] en [[Melkbosstrand]]. In 2011 het dit weer gedaal tot 570, in 2013 tot 494 en in 2015 tot 485. Die verengelsing van die Hoërskole [[Hoërskool Groote Schuur|Groote Schuur]], [[Hoërskool Zwaanswyk|Zwaanswyk]] en [[Hoërskool Voortrekker, Kenilworth|Voortrekker]] het ook in 'n mate tot Jan van Riebeeck se groei bygedra omdat baie leerders wat tradisioneel dié skole sou bywoon, nou na Jan van Riebeeck kom danksy 'n busdiens wat elke dag leerders voor elk van die hoërskole se voederskole op- en aflaai. Van [[Laerskool Simon van der Stel]] kom byvoorbeeld daagliks sowat 60 leerders. Van die 603 leerders in 2010 was 142 in gr. 12 en net 112 in gr. 8. Dié tendens het in 2015 voortgeduur: 90 gr. 8's, maar 113 matrieks. Begin 2016 was die getalle meer eweredig versprei: 96 in gr. 10 en 93 in gr. 12 met gemiddeld 87 in elk van die ander grade, maar die totaal van 450 was sowat 150 minder as in 2010. Die opening in Januarie 2012<ref>[http://www.melkboshigh.co.za/About-MHS/ Inligting oor Hoërskool Melkbosstrand op sy webtuiste]{{Dooie skakel|date=Augustus 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> van die tweetalige Hoërskool Melkbosstrand, wat sy eerste gr. 12-klas in 2015 sou hê nadat grade geleidelik ingevoer is, het Jan van Riebeeck heelwat leerders gekos. As die meeste van dié skool se Afrikaanse leerders na Jan van Riebeeck gekom het, sou die skool waarskynlik steeds meer as 600 leerders kon hê, soos in 2010. Kenmerkend van die skool se leerderskorps is dat slegs 'n geringe persentasie van die leerders uit die skool se voedingsgebied kom en die oorgrote meerderheid in die koshuis tuisgaan of per bus na en van die skool vervoer word. == Bekende oudleerders == Van die bekende Suid-Afrikaners wat aan die skool [[gematrikuleer]] het en erepennings vir hulle prestasies ontvang het (matriekjaar tussen hakies), is min. [[Derek Hanekom]] (1970), [[Johan Stemmet]] (1969), [[Charl Pauw]] (1959), regter George F Wright (1960), Annari (Anna) van der Merwe (1966), prof. D.P. (David) de Villiers (1962), die kunsskilder en skrywer [[Johannes Meintjes]], prof. [[Nina Schumann]] (1988), adv. [[Klaus von Lieres und Wilkau]] (1956), [[Elsabé Daneel]] (1973), Melanie Horne (1972), [[Beyers Truter]] (1972), [[Hester Heese]] (1928), [[Freda Linde]] (1934), regter G.v.R. (Buddy) Muller (1935), [[Gawie Fagan]] (1942), [[Daan Retief]] (1943), adm. [[Hugo Biermann]] (1932),<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/military-obituaries/naval-obituaries/9265607/Admiral-Hugo-Biermann.html Doodsberig in die Telegraph]</ref> adj. regterpresident [[Henry Fagan]] (1944), [[Cobus Rossouw]] (1950), sy edele [[Marais Viljoen]] DVD (1933), [[Laurika Rauch]] (1968), asook die vermaakpaar [[Herman Binge]] en [[Joanie Combrink]] en hul seuns, Laurie en Ludwig. Die skool het tot 2012 vyf [[Springbokrugbyspeler]]s opgelewer.<ref>[http://www.rugby15.co.za/2012/02/schools-that-has-produced-the-most-springboks-rugby-players/ Rugby15.co.za se lys skole wat die meeste Springbokke opgelewer het] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621062112/http://www.rugby15.co.za/2012/02/schools-that-has-produced-the-most-springboks-rugby-players/ |date=21 Junie 2013 }}. URL besoek op 12 Junie 2013</ref> == Eksterne skakels == * [http://www.janvanriebeeck.co.za/ Amptelike webwerf van die Hoërskole Jan van Riebeeck] * [http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=2245131599 'n Facebook-groep vir oudleerders] == Verwysings == {{Verwysings}} {{Normdata}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Jan Van Riebeeck, Hoerskool}} [[Kategorie:Skole in die Wes-Kaap]] b38cc9ssvrtv6d5wz392uy20nr774h8 0 28451 2917083 2449944 2026-07-12T09:11:19Z InternetArchiveBot 131157 Red 1 verwysing(s) en merk 0 as dood.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 2917083 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Lêer:Kimigayo.score.svg|regs|duimnael|250px|Die musiek van "Kimi ga Yo"]] {{nihongo|'''''Kimi ga Yo'''''|君が代|}}, baie keer vertaal as "Mag u heerskappy vir altyd hou" is [[Japan]] se Volkslied.<ref name="japantimes" /> Die lirieke is gegrond op 'n Waka-gedig wat in die Heian-tydperk geskryf is wat gesing word volgens 'n wysie wat later in die [[Meiji Era]] gekomponeer is. Die musiek vir die huidige wyse is in [[1880]] onder toesig van Hiromori Hayashi, 'n tradisionele hofmusikant van die Kesierlike Huihoudingagentskap, gekomponeer, met addisionele toonsetting deur die Duitse musikant Franz von Eckert. Dit het 'n wysie wat elf-jaar te vore gekomponeer deur John William Fenton, wat in [[1869]] as 'n instrukteur vir die Britse militêre orkes in Jokohama gewerk het, vervang. Hoewel ''Kimi ga Yo'' lank reeds Japan se ''de facto'' volkslied is, is dit eers in [[1999]] wetlik as sodanig erken.<ref name="japantimes">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110907093651/http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20070717i1.html Hinomaru, 'Kimigayo' express conflicts both past and future]. Written by Jun Hungo. Published July 17, 2007. Retrieved [[July 26]], [[2007]].</ref> In 2003 is opdrag aan skole in [[Tokio]] gegee vir die hou van graduasie plegtighede wat bepaal hoe die [[Vlag van Japan|vlag]] vertoon moet word en wat vereis dat alle onderwysers wat by die plegtigehede teenwoordig is die volkslied staande moet sing. Die stappe het sedertdien onder skerp kritiek en protes deurgeloop as gevolg van Japan se militêre verlede, assosiasies met die Keiser en Japan se rampspoedige deelname aan die [[Tweede Wêreldoorlog]].<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/elsewhere/journalist/story/0,,1790903,00.html A touchy subject], [[The Guardian]], [[June 5]], [[2006]]. Accessed [[July 29]], 2006.</ref><ref>[http://www.mopedronin.com/kimigayo.html Tokyo: Students must sing 'Kimigayo'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080412033038/http://www.mopedronin.com/kimigayo.html |date=12 April 2008 }}, [[Asahi Shimbun]], [[March 15]], 2006. Accessed [[July 29]], 2006.</ref> == Lirieke == <div style="margin: 0.5em 3em; padding: 0.5em 1em; background-color: #e0e0f0; border: 1px solid #b0b0d0;"> {{col-start}} {{col-break}} ''[[Romaji]]''<br /> Kimi ga yo wa<br /> Chiyo ni<br /> Yachiyo ni<br /> Sazare ishi no<br /> Iwao to narite<br /> Koke no musu made {{col-break}} ''[[Afrikaans]]''<br /> ''Mag u heerskappy''<br /> ''voortduur vir 'n duisend jaar,''<br /> ''agtduisend generasies,''<br /> ''Totdat die klippies''<br /> ''Tot rotse groei''<br /> ''Welig met mos.'' {{col-break}} ''[[Hiragana]]''<br /> {{lang|ja|きみがよは<br /> ちよに<br /> やちよに<br /> さざれいしの<br /> いわおとなりて<br /> こけのむすまで}} {{col-break}} ''Amptelike lirieke''<br /> {{lang|ja|君が代は<br /> 千代に<br /> 八千代に<br /> 細石の<br /> 巌となりて<br /> 苔の生すまで}} {{col-end}}</div> In moderne [[Japannees]] beteken "''kimi''" "my geliefde" of "jy." Toe die gedig egter in die Heian era geskryf is, en tot die vroeë [[20ste eeu]], het ''kimi'' "heer" of "dame" beteken<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.furutasigaku.jp/efuruta/ewagakim/ewagaki1.html |title=Inside "Wa ga kimi" Information |access-date=22 Desember 2007 |last=Yokota |first=Yukio |publisher=Furuta's Historical Science Association |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303170402/http://www.furutasigaku.jp/efuruta/ewagakim/ewagaki1.html |archive-date=3 Maart 2016 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Prins Genji, die [[protagonis]] van die Verhaal van Genji word {{nihongo|''Hikaru no kimi''|光の君}}: die Glinsterende Prins genoem. Nog 'n voorbeeld, uit die laat [[16de eeu|16de]] to vroeë [[17de eeu]], is [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]] se ''concubine'', {{nihongo|Yodo-''gimi''|淀君|}}, of Dame Yodo. Op [[29 Junie]] [[1999]] het Keizo Obuchi, die ontslape Japannese Eerste Minister die amptelike definisie van "''Kimi''" en "''Kimi-ga-yo''" amptelik as volg gedefinieer as deel van die beraadslaging oor die Wet aangaande die Vlag en Volkslied. <blockquote> ''Kimi'' dui die Keiser aan wat die simbool van die staat en van die eenheid van die volk is en wie se posisie bepaal word uit die konsensus wil van die Japannese burgers, in wie soewereiniteit gesetel is. An, ''Yo'' ''van'' ''Kimi''(Kimi-ga-Yo) dui ons staat, Japan, aan wat die Keiser gekroon het as 'n sibmbool van die Staat en van die eenheid van die volk deur die konsensus wil van die Japannese burgers. En dit is billik om aan te neem dat die lirieke van ''Kimi ga Yo'' verwys na die wens vir blywende vooruitgang en vrede van so 'n land van ons.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://kokkai.ndl.go.jp/SENTAKU/syugiin/145/0001/14506290001041c.html |title=argiefkopie |access-date=26 Januarie 2008 |archive-date=11 April 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411201108/http://kokkai.ndl.go.jp/SENTAKU/syugiin/145/0001/14506290001041c.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> </blockquote> == Oorsprong == [[Lêer:Shimogamo-Sazareishi-M1641.jpg|duimnael|250px|Sazare-ishi (細石), 'n tipe rots wat uit kleiner klippies gevorm is by die Shimogamo heiligdom in [[Kioto]]]] Dit is nie bekend wie die lirieke van die volkslied geskryf het nie. Die lierieke kom in twee bloemlesings van Japannese 31-lettergrepige waka voor, naamlik die [[10de eeu]]se Kokin wakashu en die [[11de eeu]]se Wakan roeishu. Die gedig is reeds lank terug opgesê om belengrike gebeure te herdenk. Die woorde is baie keer getoonset met melodië wat tipies was van singstyle soos ''yokyoku'' (gesingde dele van Noh optredes), ''kouta'' (populêre liedere met ''shamisen'' begeleiding), ''joruri'' (dramatiese verhalnde dreunsang met ''shamisen'' begeleiding), ''saireika'' (feesliedere), en biwauta (liedere met biwa begeleiding). Die woorde is ook in sprokiesverhale en ander stories gebruik.<ref name="jpri">Japan Policy Research Institute [http://www.jpri.org/publications/workingpapers/wp79.html JPRI Working Paper No. 79] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002192508/http://www.jpri.org/publications/workingpapers/wp79.html |date= 2 Oktober 2018 }}. Published July 2001. Retrieved [[July 7]], 2007</ref> In 1869, aan die begin van die [[Meiji Era]], het John William Fenton, 'n besoekende [[Ierland|Ierse]] militêre orkes leier, besef dat Japan steeds geen nasionale volkslied vir Japan was nie. Hy het Kaptein Iwao Oyama, 'n offisier van die Satsuma Clan, oortuig dat as Japan 'n moderne nasiestaat wou word die land 'n nasionale volkslied benodig het. Iwao het die [[10de eeu]]se gedig vir die liereiek gekies.<ref name="scotsman">{{Cite web|url=http://thescotsman.scotsman.com/index.cfm?id=379822006|title=Japan searches for Scot who modernised nation|accessdate=2007-12-10|publisher=The Scotsman|year=2006-03-14|author=Aura Sabadus}}</ref> Die ooreenkoms wat die lireiek met die Britse nasionale volkslied, ''God save the Queen'', vertoon het blykbaar 'n rol gespeel in die keuse.<ref name="telegraph" /> Iwao het Fenton versoek om die gedig te toonset en die volkslied is in [[1870]] voor die Keiser opgevoer. Fenton het slegs drie weke gehad om die musiek te komponeer en 'n paar dae om vir die optered voor die Keiser te oefen.<ref name="telegraph">{{cite web |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/08/30/wjapan30.xml |title=Briton who gave Japan its anthem |access-date=10 Desember 2007 |publisher=The Telegraph |year=2005-08-30 |author=Colin Joyce |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227020048/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fnews%2F2005%2F08%2F30%2Fwjapan30.xml |archive-date=27 Februarie 2008 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Hierdie eerste weergawe van ''Kimi ga Yo'' se musiek is later laat vaar aangesien die musiek nie die nodige gewydheid gehad het nie.<ref name="jpflag">{{cite web |url=http://www.sg.emb-japan.go.jp/JapanAccess/national.htm |title=National Flag and Anthem |access-date=2 Desember 2007 |publisher=The Embassy of Japan in Singapore |author=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |work=Japan Access |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080124151646/http://www.sg.emb-japan.go.jp/JapanAccess/national.htm |archive-date=24 Januarie 2008 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Die weergawe word egter steeds jaarliks by die Myoukoji Hieligdom in [[Jokohama]] opegvoer waar Fenton as militêre orkesleier gestasioneer was.<ref name="scotsman" /> In 1880 het die Kesierlike Huishoudingagentskap 'n nuwe melodie gekomponeer deur Yoshiisa Oku en Akimori Hayashi aangeneem. Akimori was een van Fenton se leerlinge.<ref name="telegraph" /> Die [[Duitsland|Duitse]] musikant Franz von Eckert het westerse styl harmonie op die wysie teogepas. Dié tweede weergawe van ''Kimi ga Yo'' is ook die huidige weergawe wat tot vandag toe gebruik word. Teen [[1893]] is Kimi ga Yo in opensbare skoolsermonies gebruik onder die aanmoediging van die Ministerie van Onderwys.<ref name="jpri" /> == Verwysings == {{Verwysings|2}} == Eksterne skakels == {{CommonsKategorie-inlyn|National anthem of Japan}} * Web-Japan.org [http://web-japan.org/factsheet/pdf/FLAGANDA.pdf Nasionale Vlag en Volkslied] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216072738/http://web-japan.org/factsheet/pdf/FLAGANDA.pdf |date=16 Februarie 2008 }} * About.com [http://japanese.about.com/library/weekly/aa030400.htm Japannese Nasionale Volkslied – Kimigayo] {{Normdata}} [[Kategorie:Japannese digkuns]] [[Kategorie:Japannese liedere]] [[Kategorie:Nasionale simbole van Japan]] [[Kategorie:Nasionale volksliedere]] prvqovhp9yvi0myqpui9srxu8rezrfd 0 31884 2917080 2831080 2026-07-12T08:02:52Z InternetArchiveBot 131157 Red 1 verwysing(s) en merk 0 as dood.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 2917080 wikitext text/x-wiki {| align="right" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid #88a; background:#CEDAF2; padding:5px; font-size: 85%; margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; border-collapse:collapse;" ! align="center" colspan="2" style="color: #000000; background: #f7f8ff; padding: 4px; font-size:170%;" | '''Kijif'''<br /><small>'''Київ'''</small><br /> [[Lêer:Kyiv montage.png|280px]] |- style="background: #CEDAF2; text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #999" | '''Kaart''' |style="border-left:1px solid #999"| '''Wapen''' |- style="background:white" |rowspan=6| [[Lêer:UKR Kiev map.svg|180px|senter]] |- style="background: white" |style="border-left:1px solid #999"| [[Lêer:COA of Kyiv Kurovskyi.svg|75px|senter]] |- style="background: #f7f8ff;border-top:1px solid #999; text-align:center;" |style="border-left:1px solid #999"| |- style="background: #CEDAF2; text-align:center;" |style="border-left:1px solid #999;border-top:1px solid #999"| '''Vlag''' |- style="background: white; border-top:1px solid #999;" |style="border-left:1px solid #999"| [[Lêer:Flag of Kyiv Kurovskyi.svg|90px|senter]] |- style="background: #f7f8ff; border-top:1px solid #999; text-align:center;" |style="border-left:1px solid #999"| |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |&nbsp;'''Land''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | {{vlagland|Oekraïne}} |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |&nbsp;'''Metropolitaanse Munisipaliteit''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | Stad Kijif |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |&nbsp;'''Koördinate''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | {{Koördinate|50|27|N|30|31|O}} |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |&nbsp;'''Stigting''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | [[6de eeu]] |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |&nbsp;'''Oppervlakte:''' | style="background: #f7f8ff" | &nbsp; |- | &nbsp;- Totaal | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | 839 [[vierkante kilometer|vk km]] |- | &nbsp;'''Hoogte bo seevlak''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | 179 m |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |- |&nbsp;'''Bevolking:''' | style="background: #f7f8ff" | &nbsp; |- | &nbsp;- Totaal (1 Januarie 2021) | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | 2&nbsp;962&nbsp;180<ref>{{uk}} {{cite web |url=http://database.ukrcensus.gov.ua/PXWEB2007/ukr/publ_new1/2021/zb_chuselnist%202021.pdf |title=Чисельність наявного населення України |publisher=Oekraïense Staatsdiens vir Statistiek |accessdate=4 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104042914/http://database.ukrcensus.gov.ua/PXWEB2007/ukr/publ_new1/2021/zb_chuselnist%202021.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | &nbsp;- Bevolkingsdigtheid | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | 3&nbsp;299/vk km |- | &nbsp;- Metropolitaanse gebied | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | 3&nbsp;475&nbsp;000<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.citypopulation.de/world/Agglomerations.html |title=Major Agglomerations of the World |publisher=Citypopulation.de |date=1 Januarie 2021 |accessdate=23 September 2021 |archive-date=23 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191123050211/http://citypopulation.de/world/Agglomerations.html |url-status=live}}</ref> |- |&nbsp;'''Etniese groepe:''' | style="background: #f7f8ff" | &nbsp; |- | &nbsp;- [[Oekraïners]] | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | 82,2% |- | &nbsp;- [[Russe]] | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | 13,1% |- | &nbsp;- [[Jode]] | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | 0,7% |- | &nbsp;- Ander | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | Minder as 5% |- |&nbsp;'''Tydsone''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | [[UTC]] +2 (OET) |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" | &nbsp;- [[Somertyd]] | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | [[UTC]] +3 (OEST) |- |&nbsp;'''Burgemeester''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | [[Witali Klitsjko]] (BPP) |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |&nbsp;'''Amptelike webwerf''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | [https://kyivcity.gov.ua/ ''kyivcity.gov.ua''] |} '''Kijif''' ([[Oekraïens]]: Київ; [ˈkɪjiu̯], {{Audio|uk-Київ.ogg|luister}}; [[Engels]]: ''Kyiv'', ''Kiev''), voorheen '''Kiëf''' in [[Afrikaans]],<ref group="nota">Die ou naam, Kiëf, is die [[Afrikaans|verafrikaanste]] vorm van die [[Russies]]e naam, Киев ({{afk|tr.|transliterasie}}: ''Kijef''). Die [[Oekraïens]]e naam is Київ, wat in [[Engels]] ''Kyiv'' gespel word en in Afrikaans ''Kijif''. In [[Oekraïne]] self word die Engelse transliterasie gebruik.</ref> is die hoofstad van [[Oekraïne]] en die land se stad met die meeste inwoners. Dit is in Noordsentraal-Oekraïne aan die [[Dnjepr]] (Oekraïens: Dnipro) geleë. Op 1 Januarie 2021 het dit 'n bevolking van 2&nbsp;962&nbsp;180 gehad,<ref name="Number of present population of Ukraine 1 January 2021">{{uk}} {{cite web |url=http://database.ukrcensus.gov.ua/PXWEB2007/ukr/publ_new1/2021/zb_chuselnist%202021.pdf |title=Чисельність наявного населення України |publisher=Oekraïense Staatsdiens vir Statistiek |accessdate=4 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104042914/http://database.ukrcensus.gov.ua/PXWEB2007/ukr/publ_new1/2021/zb_chuselnist%202021.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref> en dit is dus die stad in [[Europa]] met die sewende meeste inwoners.<ref>{{cite web|title=City Mayors: The 500 largest European cities (1 to 100)|url=http://www.citymayors.com/features/euro_cities1.html|website=www.citymayors.com}}</ref> Kijif is 'n belangrike nywerheids-, wetenskaps-, opvoedings- en kulturele sentrum in [[Oos-Europa]]. Dit het baie hoëtegnologiebedrywe, hoëropvoedingsinstellings en historiese landmerke. Die stad het 'n uitgebreide openbarevervoer- en infrastruktuurstelsel, insluitende die Kijifse Metro. Die stad se naam is afgelei van dié van [[Ki]], een van sy vier legendariese stigters. Gedurende sy geskiedenis het Kijif, een van die oudste stede in Oos-Europa, deur verskeie stadiums van prominensie en obskuriteit gegaan. Dit het waarskynlik reeds in die 5de eeu as 'n handelsentrum bestaan. Dit was 'n [[Slawiërs|Slawiese]] nedersetting aan die groot handelsroete tussen [[Skandinawië]] en [[Konstantinopel]], en was 'n skatpligtige van die [[Chasare]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/kiev|title=Kiev|work=TheFreeDictionary.com|access-date=4 July 2015}}</ref> totdat dit in die middel van die 9de eeu deur die [[Warangiërs]] ([[Wikings]]) oorgeneem is. Onder Warangiese heerskappy het dit die hoofstad geword van [[Kiëf-Roes]], die eerste Oos-Slawiese staat. In die [[Mongoolse Ryk|Mongoolse inval]] van 1240 is dit heeltemal verwoes en dit het vir die eeue daarna die grootste deel van sy invloed verloor. Dit was 'n provinsiale hoofstad van mindere belangrikheid aan die buitewyke van die gebiede wat deur magtige bure beheer is, eers die [[Groothertogdom Litaue]], toe die [[Pole|Koninkryk Pole]] en daarna die [[Russiese Ryk]].<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Kyiv|title=Kyiv – History|website=Encyclopædia Britannica|language=en|access-date=9 March 2020}}</ref> Die stad het weer floreer tydens Rusland se [[nywerheidsomwenteling]] in die laat 19de eeu. In 1918, nadat die Oekraïense Volksrepubliek sy onafhanklikheid van [[Russiese Sosialistiese Federale Sowjetrepubliek|Sowjet-Rusland]] verklaar het, het Kijif sy hoofstad geword. Van 1921 af was Kijif 'n stad in [[Oekraïense Sosialistiese Sowjetrepubliek|Sowjet-Oekraïne]] en van 1934 af die republiek se hoofstad. Dit is weer heeltemal verwoes in die [[Tweede Wêreldoorlog]], maar het ná die oorlog vinnig herstel en die [[Sowjetunie]] se derde grootste stad gebly. Ná die verval van die Sowjetunie en Oekraïne se onafhanklikwording in 1991 het Kijif Oekraïne se hoofstad gebly en 'n bestendige invloei van etniese Oekraïners van ander dele van die voormalige Sowjetunie beleef.<ref name="History of Ukraine">{{cite book|last=Magocsi|first=Paul Robert|title=A History of Ukraine: The Land and Its Peoples|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z0mKRsElYNkC&pg=PT481|edition=2de, hersien|year=2010|publisher=University of Toronto Press|isbn=978-1-4426-9879-6|page=481}}</ref> Gedurende die land se transformasie in 'n [[vryemarkekonomie]] en [[demokrasie]] het Kijif Oekraïne se grootste en rykste stad gebly. Sy nywerheidsproduksie, wat van bewapening afhanklik was, het gedaal ná die verval van die Sowjetunie, en dit het sy wetenskap en tegnologie negatief beïnvloed, maar nuwe sektore van die ekonomie, soos dienste en finansies, het Kijif help groei en geld verskaf vir die ontwikkeling van behuising en 'n stedelike infrastruktuur. Kijif het die streek in Oekraïne geword wat die meeste pro-Westers is; politieke partye wat opname in die [[Europese Unie]] voorgestaan het, het oorheers gedurende die verkiesings.<ref name="radiosvoboda.org">{{Cite web|url=https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/24756059.html|title=Виборчі комісії фіксують перемогу опозиційних кандидатів у Києві|website=www.radiosvoboda.org}}</ref><ref name="Битва за Київ">{{cite news | url=http://kontrakty.ua/article/59790 | title=uk:Битва за Київ: чому посада мера вже не потрібна Кличку і чи будуть вибори взагалі | date=19 March 2013 | agency=Kontrakty | access-date=19 August 2013 | language=uk | archive-date=24 Augustus 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130824001327/http://kontrakty.ua/article/59790 | url-status=dead }}</ref> == Geskiedenis == Die eerste bekende mense in die omgewing van Kijif het in die laat [[Steentydperk]] daar gewoon.<ref name=use>[http://leksika.com.ua/13290305/ure/kiyiv Kyiv] at Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia</ref> Gedurende die vroeë [[Ystertydperk]] het sekere stamme hulle om Kijif gevestig wat met gewasse en diere geboer het en handel gedryf het met die [[Skitiërs]] en antieke state aan die kus van die noordelike [[Swartsee]].<ref name="use" /> Die ontdekking van Romeinse muntstukke van die 2de tot 4de eeu dui op handelsbetrekkinge met die oostelike provinsies van die [[Romeinse Ryk]].<ref name="use" /> Die volk van die [[Zaroebintsi-kultuur]] word beskou as die direkte voorvaders van die antieke Slawiërs wat later Kijif gestig het.<ref name="use" /> Geleerdes verskil steeds oor wanneer presies die stad gestig is. Die tradisionele stigtingsdatum is 482&nbsp;n.C. en die stad het sy 1&nbsp;500ste herdenking in 1982 gevier. Volgens [[argeologie]]se data was die stigting in die 6de of 7de eeu<ref name="eob">"[https://www.britannica.com/place/Kyiv Kyiv]", [[Encyclopædia Britannica]], besoek op 9 Maart 2020.</ref><ref>Petro Tolochko, Glib Ivakin, Yaroslava Vermenych. ''[http://resource.history.org.ua/cgi-bin/eiu/history.exe?Z21ID=&I21DBN=EIU&P21DBN=EIU&S21STN=1&S21REF=10&S21FMT=eiu_all&C21COM=S&S21CNR=20&S21P01=0&S21P02=0&S21P03=TRN=&S21COLORTERMS=0&S21STR=Kyiv_mst Kyiv]''. Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine.</ref> en volgens sekere navorsers eers in die laat 9de eeu.<ref>Rabinovich GA From the history of urban settlements in the eastern Slavs. In the book.: History, culture, folklore and ethnography of the Slavic peoples. M. 1968. 134.</ref> [[Lêer:Kyi, Czech, Khoryv and Lubed in der Radziwiłłchronik.jpg|duimnael|220px|links|Die legendariese Ki, Sjtsjek, Chorif en Libid in die Königsberg-kroniek.]] Daar is verskeie [[Legende|legendariese]] weergawes van die oorsprong van die stad. Volgens een in die ''[[Primêre Kroniek]]'' het die lede van 'n Slawiese stam die [[Polane|Oos-Poljane]] – die broers Ki (die oudste, na wie die stad genoem is), Sjtsjek en Chorif en hulle suster, Libid – die stad gestig.<ref name="use" /> Volgens 'n ander het die apostel [[Andreas (apostel)|Andreas]] in die 1ste eeu deur die gebied gereis. Waar die stad nou is, het hy 'n [[Christelike kruis|kruis]] opgerig en 'n kerk is later daar gebou. Sedert die [[Middeleeue]] het 'n beeld van die aartsengel [[Migael (aartsengel)|Migael]] die stad en die hertogdom verteenwoordig. [[Lêer:Pál Vágó (1853-1928) painter The Hungarian at Kiev (1896-99).jpg|duimnael|220px|links|[[Hongare]] in Kijif in 830, tydens die tyd van die Kanaat van Roes.]] Daar is min historiese bewyse van die tyd waarin die stad gestig is. Verspreide Slawiese nedersettings het van die 6de eeu af in die gebied voorgekom, maar dit is onduidelik of enige van hulle later in die stad ontwikkel het. Een van die nedersettings was Azagarium, wat volgens sommige historici die voorloper van Kijif was.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2.html?id=YWg2ywEACAAJ|title=Римский Киев: или Castrum Azagarium на Киево-Подоле|first=Борис|last=Ерофалов-Пилипчак|date=22 February 2019|publisher=A+C|via=Google Books}}</ref> 'n Ander naam vir Kijif, waarvan die oorsprong onbekend is, was Sambat, wat blykbaar iets met die [[Chasare|Chasaarse Ryk]] te doen gehad het. Volgens die ''Primêre Kroniek'' het die inwoners van Kijif aan [[Askold]] gesê: "Daar was drie broers, Ki, Sjtsjek en Chorif. Hulle het dié stad gestig en gesterf, en nou bly ons hier en betaal belasting aan hulle familie die Chasare". In sy boek ''De Administrando Imperio'' noem [[Konstantyn VII van Bisantium|Konstantyn Porphyrogennetos]] 'n karavaan van klein vragbote wat jaarliks byeengekom het en skryf: "Hulle het met die rivier Djepr afgevaar en byeengekom by Kijif (Kioava), ook genoem Sambatas."<ref>Sigfús Blöndal. "[https://books.google.com/books?id=vFRug14ui7gC&pg=PA9&lpg=PA9&dq=de+administrando+imperio+Kioava&source=bl&ots=Wnsq6ePXjd&sig=ACfU3U0q7AqEvpTy7StBDeqXxKsRj5Ee3A&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj0ooe3rYjqAhVwQjABHfbIBRsQ6AEwAXoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=de%20administrando%20imperio%20Kioava&f=false The Varangians of Byzantium]".</ref> Die ''Primêre Kroniek'' lui dat [[Askold en Dir]] in 'n stadium in die 9de of 10de eeu oor Kijif regeer het. Hulle was dalk van Wikingafkoms. Hulle is in 882 deur [[Oleg van Kiëf|Oleg van Nowgorod]] vermoor, maar volgens sommige historici, soos Omeljan Pritsak en Constantine Zuckerman, het die Chasaarse heerskappy tot so laat as die 920's geduur. Ander historici glo [[Hongare|Magjaarse]] stamme het tussen 840 en 878 oor die stad regeer, voordat hulle saam met sommige Chasaarse stamme na die [[Pannoniese Laagvlakte|Karpatebekken]] migreer het. Die ''Primêre Kroniek'' noem ook dat Hongare deur Kijif beweeg het. Tot vandag is daar 'n plek in Oekraïne met die naam Угорське урочище (''Oehorske oerotsjisjtsje'', "Hongaarse Plek"),<ref>[https://pechersk.kyivcity.gov.ua/content/mennyu-1.html History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613215705/https://pechersk.kyivcity.gov.ua/content/mennyu-1.html |date=13 Junie 2020 }}. Pechersk Raion in the Kiev City.</ref> wat beter bekend is as "Askold se Graf". Volgens die bogenoemde geleerdes is die fort in Kijif in 840 klaar gebou onder die leierskap van Keő (Keve), Csák, en Geréb, drie broers, moontlik lede van die Tardjanstam. Dié drie name is in die ''Primêre Kroniek'' Ki, Sjtsjek en Chorif. Hulle was dalk nie van Slawiese oorsprong nie, want Russiese historici het nog altyd gesukkel om rekenskap te gee van hulle betekenis en oorsprong. Volgens die Hongaarse historikus Viktor Padányi is hulle name in die 12de eeu in die Kijifse kroniek ingevoeg en is hulle geïdentifiseer as Oudrussiese mitologiese helde.<ref>dr. Viktor Padányi – Dentu-Magyaria p. 325, voetnoot 15</ref> Die stad Kijif was geleë aan die handelsroete tussen die Warangiërs en [[Grieke]]. In 968 het die [[Nomade|nomadiese]] Petsjenege Kijif aangeval en beset.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.geocities.com/egfroth1/Pechenegs |title= The Pechenegs |access-date= 27 October 2009 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20091027115640/http://www.geocities.com/egfroth1/Pechenegs |archive-date= 27 October 2009|first1= Steven |last1= Lowe |first2= Dmitriy V. |last2= Ryaboy}}</ref> Teen 1000&nbsp;n.C. het die stad 45&nbsp;000 inwoners gehad.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Paul M. HOHENBERG|author2=Lynn Hollen Lees|author3=Paul M Hohenberg|title=The Making of Urban Europe, 1000–1994|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-fm0wWa_L80C&pg=PA10|year=2009|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-03873-8|page=10}}</ref> In Maart 1169 het grootprins [[Andrei Bogoljoebski]] van [[Wladimir-Soezdal]] Kijif verwoes, waarna net ruïnes van die ou stad oor was.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Plokhy |first=Serhii |year=2006 |title=The Origins of the Slavic Nations |page=42 |url =http://shron.chtyvo.org.ua/Plokhii_Serhii/The_Origins_of_the_Slavic_Nations_Premodern_Identities_in_Russia_Ukraine_and_Belarus__en.pdf |publisher=Cambridge University Press |url-status=dead |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20170329135435/http://shron.chtyvo.org.ua/Plokhii_Serhii/The_Origins_of_the_Slavic_Nations_Premodern_Identities_in_Russia_Ukraine_and_Belarus__en.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2017|isbn=978-0-521-86403-9}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Martin |first=Janet L. B. |year=2004 |orig-year=1986 |title=Treasure of the Land of Darkness: The Fur Trade and Its Significance for Medieval Russia |location=Cambridge, England |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=127 |isbn=978-0-521-54811-3 |doi=10.1017/CBO9780511523199}}</ref> Hy het baie godsdienskunswerke, onder meer die ikoon ''Teotokos van Wladimir'', uit die nabygeleë Wisjhorod verwyder.<ref>Janet Martin, ''Medieval Russia:980–1584'', (Cambridge University Press, 1996), 100.</ref> In 1203 het prins Rjoerik Rostislawitsj en sy Kiptsjak-bondgenote Kijif binnegeval en afgebrand. In die 1230's is die stad verskeie kere deur verskillende Roes-prinse binnegeval en verwoes. Die stad het nog nie van dié aanvalle herstel nie toe die Mongole onder [[Batoe Khan]] dit in 1240 heeltemal verwoes.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110427075859/https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/citd/RussianHeritage/4.PEAS/4.L/12.III.5.html The Destruction of Kiev], University of Toronto Research Repository</ref> [[Lêer:Lebedev baptism.jpg|duimnael|220px|''Die Doop van die Kijifse inwoners'', 'n skildery deur Klawdi Ljebedef.]] [[Lêer:Pic I V Ivasiuk Mykola Bohdan Khmelnytskys Entry to Kyiv.jpg|duimnael|220px|Die [[Kosak]] Bohdan Chmelnitski gaan Kijif binne ná die Chmelnitski-opstand teen Poolse oorheersing. Skildery deur Mikola Iwasjoek.]] Dié gebeure het 'n groot invloed op die toekoms van die stad en die Oos-Slawiese beskawing gehad. Voor Bogoljoebski se aanval het Kijif 'n reputasie gehad as een van die grootste stede in die wêreld, met 'n inwonertal van meer as 100&nbsp;000 aan die begin van die 12de eeu.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Orest Subtelny|title=Ukraine. A History. &#91;Illustr.&#93; (Repr.)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mRE9AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA38|year=1989|publisher=CUP Archive|page=38}}</ref> In die vroeë 1320's het 'n [[Litaue|Litause]] leër onder groothertog [[Gediminas]] 'n Slawiese leër onder Stanislaf van Kiëf verslaan en die stad verower. Die [[Tatare]], wat ook aanspraak op Kijif gemaak het, het in 1324–1325 vergeldingstappe geneem. Hoewel Kijif toe deur 'n Litause prins regeer is, moes die stad heffings aan die [[Goue Horde]] betaal. Eindelik het die groothertog van Litaue, [[Algirdas]], Kijif en die omringende gebiede by die [[Groothertogdom Litaue]] ingelyf.<ref>Jones, Michael (2000). ''The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume 6, c.1300–c.1415''. Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-521-36290-0}}</ref> In 1482 het die [[Krim-Tatare]] 'n groot deel van Kijif afgebrand.<ref>Jerzy Lukowski, W. H. Zawadzki (2006). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=HMylRh-wHWEC A concise history of Poland]''. Cambridge University Press. p.53. {{ISBN|0-521-61857-6}}</ref> Met die Unie van Lublin van 1569, toe die [[Pools-Litause Gemenebes]] gestig is, is die Litaus beheerde grondgebied van Kijif oorgedra van die Groothertogdom Litaue na die Koninkryk Pole.<ref>Davies, Norman (1982). ''God's Playground: A History of Poland, Vol. 1: The Origins to 1795''. Columbia University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-231-05351-8}}</ref> Russiese troepe het Kijif sedert die Verdrag van Perejaslaf beset en in 1667 het die stad deel van die [[Tsaredom Rusland]] geword, met 'n mate van outonomie. In die [[Russiese Ryk]] was Kijif 'n hoofsaaklik [[Christelike]] sentrum, wat pelgrims gelok het, en die wieg van baie van die ryk se belangrikste godsdiensfigure, maar tot in die 19de eeu was die stad van mindere kommersiële belang. Ná 'n geleidelike afname in Oekraïne se outonomie is Kijif in die 19de eeu toenemend gerussifiseer deur middel van Russiese immigrasie, administratiewe optrede en sosiale modernisering. Aan die begin van die 20ste eeu het die [[Russies]]sprekende deel van die bevolking die middestad oorheers, terwyl die laer klasse aan die buitewyke gewoon en in 'n mate die Oekraïense volkskultuur behou het. [[Lêer:Kiev downtown.jpg|duimnael|220px|links|Kijif in die laat 19de eeu.]] Gedurende die Russiese nywerheidsomwenteling in die laat 19de eeu het Kijif 'n belangrike handels- en vervoersentrum van die Russiese Ryk geword. Dit het gespesialiseer in suiker- en graanuitvoer per spoorlyn en op die Dnjepr. Teen 1900 het die stad ook 'n belangrike nywerheidsentrum geword en het dit 'n inwonertal van 250&nbsp;000 gehad. Landmarke uit dié tydperk sluit in die spoorweginfrastruktuur, die stigting van talle opvoedings- en kultuurgeriewe en [[Argitektuur|argitektoniese]] [[monument]]e, hoofsaaklik handelsgeoriënteerd. In 1892 is die eerste [[trem]]lyn in die Russiese Ryk in Kijif in gebruik geneem (die derde in die wêreld). Kijif het floreer gedurende die Russiese nywerheidsomwenteling van die laat 19de eeu en het die derde belangrikste stad van die Russiese Ryk geword, asook die grootste handelsentrum in die suidweste. In die onstuimige tydperk ná die [[Russiese Rewolusie (1917)|Russiese Rewolusie van 1917]] het Kijif die hoofstad geword van verskeie opeenvolgende state en was dit midde-in verskeie konflikte: die [[Eerste Wêreldoorlog]], waartydens Duitse soldate dit van 2 Maart 1918 tot November 1918 beset het, die Russiese Burgeroorlog van 1917 tot 1922 en die Pools-Sowjetoorlog van 1919–1921. In die laaste drie maande van 1919 is Kijif af en aan deur die [[Wit Leër]] beheer. Beheer oor Kijif het van die einde van 1918 tot in Augustus 1920 16 keer verander.<ref>{{cite book |title= Walking Since Daybreak|url= https://archive.org/details/walkingsincedayb0000ekst|url-access= registration|last= Eksteins|first= Modris|year= 1999|publisher= Houghton Mifflin|isbn= 0-618-08231-X|page= [https://archive.org/details/walkingsincedayb0000ekst/page/87 87]}}</ref> Van 1921 tot 1991 was die stad deel van die [[Oekraïense Sosialistiese Sowjetrepubliek]], wat in 1922 'n stigerstaat van die [[Sowjetunie]] was. Die belangrikste gebeure wat tussen die twee wêreldoorloë in Sowjet-Oekraïne plaasgevind het, het alles Kijif geraak: die Oekraïnifikasie van die 1920's sowel as die migrasie van die plattelandse [[Oekraïens]]sprekende bevolking het die [[Russies]]sprekende stad verander in 'n Oekraïenssprekende sentrum en het die Oekraïense kultuurlewe in die stad 'n hupstoot gegee; die Sowjetse industrialisasie wat laat in die 1920's begin het, het die stad (voorheen 'n sentrum van handel en godsdiens) omskep in 'n groot nywerheids-, tegnologiese en wetenskaplike sentrum; die Groot Hongersnood van 1932-'33 het 'n groot deel van die migrantebevolking wat nie vir rantsoenkaarte geregistreer was nie, verwoes; en [[Josef Stalin]] se [[Groot Suiwering]] van 1937-'38 het amper die stad se [[intelligentsia]] uitgewis.<ref name="Brama">{{cite web |url= http://www.brama.com/ukraine/history/terror/index.html |title= The Great Purge under Stalin 1937–38 |publisher= brama.com |access-date= 14 January 2010 |archive-date= 24 Januarie 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100124123256/http://www.brama.com/ukraine/history/terror/index.html |url-status= dead }}</ref><ref name="Figes">Orlando Figes, ''The Whisperers: Private Life in Stalin's Russia'', 2007, {{ISBN|0805074619}}, pages 227–315.</ref><ref name="Social Catastrophe">Robert Gellately, ''Lenin, Stalin, and Hitler: The Age of Social Catastrophe'' (Knopf, 2007: {{ISBN|1-4000-4005-1}}), 720 bladsye.</ref> In 1934 het Kijif die hoofstad van Sowjet-Oekraïne geword. Die stad het weer floreer in die jare van die Sowjet-industrialisasie terwyl sy inwonertal vinnig gegroei en baie nywerheidsreuse gestig is, waarvan sommige vandag nog bestaan. [[Lêer:Ruined Kiev in WWII.jpg|duimnael|220px|Die ruïnes van Kijif tydens die [[Tweede Wêreldoorlog]].]] In die [[Tweede Wêreldoorlog]] is die stad weer erg beskadig, en [[Nazi-Duitsland]] het dit van 19 September 1941 tot 6 November 1943 beset. Magte van die [[Spilmoondhede]] het meer as 600&nbsp;000 Sowjetsoldate gevange geneem in die Slag van Kiëf in 1941, waarin die stad omsingel is. Die meeste het nie lewend teruggekeer nie.<ref>Daniel Goldhagen, ''Hitler's Willing Executioners'' (p. 290) – "2.8&nbsp;million young, healthy Soviet POWs" killed by the Germans, "mainly by starvation... in less than eight months" of 1941–42, before "the decimation of Soviet POWs... was stopped" and the Germans "began to use them as laborers".</ref> Kort nadat die Wehrmacht die stad oorgeneem het, het 'n span [[FSB#Van die Tsjeka tot die FSB|NKWD]]-offisiere wat weggekruip het die meeste geboue aan die hoofstraat, Chresjtsjatik, wat deur Duitse militêre en burgerlike owerhede beset is, met [[dinamiet]] opgeblaas. Die geboue het dae lank gebrand en 25&nbsp;000 mense is dakloos gelaat. Die Duitsers het, na bewering in reaksie op die NKWD se optrede, die plaaslike [[Jode]] (byna 34&nbsp;000)<ref>{{Cite web|title= Babi Yar |website= Jewish Virtual Library |date= 2012 |url= https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/babiyar.html}}</ref> bymekaargemaak en hulle op 29 en 30 September 1941 by [[Babin Jar]] in Kijif uitgemoor.<ref>Andy Dougan, ''Dynamo: Triumph and Tragedy in Nazi-Occupied Kiev'' (Globe Pequot, 2004: {{ISBN|1-59228-467-1}}), p. 83.</ref> In die daaropvolgende maande is nog duisende na Babin Jar geneem en geskiet. Die Duitsers het na raming meer as 100&nbsp;000 mense van verskillende [[etniese groep]]e, meestal burgerlikes, in die oorlog by Babin Jar vermoor.<ref>{{Cite web|publisher= United States Holocaust Memorial Museum|url= https://www.ushmm.org/wlc/article.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005421|title= Kiev and Babi Yar |website= Holocaust Encyclopedia}}</ref> Kijif het ná die oorlog ekonomies herstel en weer die derde belangrikste stad in die Sowjetunie geword. Die [[Tsjernobil-kernramp|kernramp by Tsjernobil]] (nou [[Tsjornobil]]) in 1986 het net 100&nbsp;km noord van die stad plaasgevind. Die suidewind het egter die meeste [[Radioaktiwiteit|radioaktiewe]] afval weg van Kijif gewaai. Met die verbrokkeling van die Sowjetunie het die Oekraïense parlement, die Werchowna Rada, die Oekraïne op 24 Augustus 1991 in die stad onafhanklik verklaar. In 2004-'05 was die stad die verhoog van die grootste post-Sowjetse openbare demonstrasies tot in daardie tyd, uit ondersteuning van die [[Oranje Rewolusie]]. Van November 2013 tot Februarie 2014 was Sentraal-Kijif die belangriste terrein van [[Euromaidan]]. Kijif was een van die gasheerstede tydens die [[Europese Sokkerkampioenskap 2012]] wat Oekraïne en [[Pole]] saam aangebied het. == Omgewing == === Geografie === [[Lêer:Kyiv, Ukraine ESA22370890 (cropped).jpeg|duimnael|220px|'n Satellietbeeld van Kijif en die Dnjepr.]] Kijif is [[geografie]]s geleë aan die grens van die [[ekologie]]se sone Polesië-woudland, wat deel is van die Europese gemengdewoudgebied en die Oos-Europese woudsteppebioom. Die stad se unieke landskap onderskei dit egter van die omringende gebied. Kijif is heeltemal deur die [[Kijif-oblast]] omring. Kijif was aanvanklik aan die westeroewer van die [[Dnjepr]] geleë, maar lê nou weerskante van die rivier. Die Dnjepr vloei suidwaarts deur die stad na die [[Swartsee]]. Die ouer en hoër westelike deel van die stad lê op verskeie woudagtige heuwels, die Kijif-heuwels, met ravyne en klein riviere. Kijif is deel van die groter Dnjepr-hoogland wat aan die westeroewer van die Dnjepr lê en bydra tot die stad se hoogtewisseling. Die noordelike buitewyke van die stad grens aan die Polesiese Laagland. Kijif het eers teen die 20ste eeu uitgebrei tot in die Dnjepr-laagland aan die linkeroewer (in die ooste). Dié gebied word dan ook die Linkeroewer (Oekraïens: Лівий берег, ''Liwi bereh'') genoem. In die stad vorm die Dnjepr verskeie sytakke, eilande en hawens. Die stad lê naby die mond van die [[Desna]]rivier en die Kijif-reservoir in die noorde, en die Kanif-reservoir in die suide. Beide die Dnjepr- en Desnarivier is by Kijif bevaarbaar, hoewel dit beperk word deur skeepvaartsluise en vriesing in die winter. Daar is altesaam 448 oop watermassas binne die grense van Kijif, wat insluit die Dnjepr self, sy reservoirs en verskeie klein riviere, en talle natuurlike en kunsmatige mere. Dit beslaan 7&nbsp;949 hektaar. Daar is ook 16 ontwikkelde strande en 35 ontspanningsterreine naby water. In sommige watermassas kan nie geswem word nie.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://kyivcity.gov.ua/news/u_kiyevi_bilya_vodoym_vidkrito_32_zoni_dlya_vidpochinku_z_yakikh_12__iz_mozhlivistyu_kupannya/ |website=kyivcity.gov.ua |title=У Києві біля водойм відкрито 32 зони для відпочинку, з яких 12 – із можливістю купання |publisher=Kyivcity.gov.ua |language=uk |date=19 June 2020 |access-date=12 October 2020 |archive-date=9 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809002809/https://kyivcity.gov.ua/news/u_kiyevi_bilya_vodoym_vidkrito_32_zoni_dlya_vidpochinku_z_yakikh_12__iz_mozhlivistyu_kupannya/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2020/06/19/7256376/ |website=pravda.com.ua |title=У Кличка розповіли, де в Києві можна купатися, а де тільки засмагати. Список |publisher=Pravda.com.ua |language=uk |date=19 June 2020 |access-date=12 October 2020 |archive-date=24 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200624083402/https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2020/06/19/7256376/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Volgens die evaluasie van die [[VN]] in 2011 is daar geen gevaar van [[natuurramp]]e in Kijif en sy metropolitaanse gebied nie.<ref name="UN Urban agglomerations types of natural risks">{{cite web|url=http://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/CD-ROM/WUP2011-F23-City_Risk_Natural-Disasters.xls |title=Urban agglomerations with 750,000 inhabitants or more in 2011 and types of natural risks |publisher=United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division |date=April 2012 |access-date=1 September 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006152606/http://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/CD-ROM/WUP2011-F23-City_Risk_Natural-Disasters.xls |archive-date=6 October 2014 }}</ref> {{Panorama|Панорама Правого берега.jpg|1500px|<center> 'n Panoramiese uitsig oor die regteroewer van Kijif, waar die middestad geleë is (Mei 2011).</center>}} === Klimaat === Kijif het 'n humiede kontinentale klimaat met warm somers ([[Köppen-klimaatklassifikasie|Köppen]] ''Dfb'').<ref>{{cite journal| last =Kottek| first =M.| author2 =J. Grieser| author3 =C. Beck| author4 =B. Rudolf| author5 =F. Rubel| title =World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated| journal =Meteorol. Z.| volume =15| pages =259–263| url =http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/kottek_et_al_2006_A4.pdf| doi =10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130| year =2006| issue =3| bibcode =2006MetZe..15..259K| access-date =24 August 2012| archive-date =9 February 2012| archive-url =https://www.webcitation.org/65K1LGXB2?url=http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/kottek_et_al_2006_A4.pdf| url-status =live}}</ref> Die warmste maande is Junie, Julie en Augustus, met gemiddelde temperature van 13,8 tot {{nowrap|24,8 °C}}. Die koudste maande is Desember, Januarie en Februarie, met gemiddelde temperature van {{nowrap|-4,6}} tot {{nowrap|-1,1 °C}}. Die hoogste temperatuur wat nog in die stad gemeet is, was {{nowrap|39,4 °C}} op 30 Julie 1936.<ref name=extremes1>{{cite web |url=http://cgo-sreznevskyi.kyiv.ua/index.php?lang=en&fn=k_klimat&f=kyiv |title=ЦГО Кліматичні дані по м.Києву |website=cgo-sreznevskyi.kyiv.ua |publisher=Central Observatory for Geophysics |language=uk |access-date=12 October 2020 |archive-date=18 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418123950/http://cgo-sreznevskyi.kyiv.ua/index.php?lang=en&fn=k_klimat&f=kyiv |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=extremes2>{{cite web |url=http://cgo-sreznevskyi.kyiv.ua/index.php?dv=klimat-rekords/ |title=ЦГО Кліматичні рекорди |website=cgo-sreznevskyi.kyiv.ua |publisher=Central Observatory for Geophysics |language=uk |access-date=12 October 2020 |archive-date=31 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331222524/http://cgo-sreznevskyi.kyiv.ua/index.php?dv=klimat-rekords%2F |url-status=live }}</ref> Die koudste temperatuur was {{nowrap|-32,9 °C}} op 11 Januarie 1951.<ref name="extremes1" /><ref name="extremes2" /> {{Tabel weergemiddeldes | locatie= Kijif (1991–2020) | jan_gem_max = -0.8 | feb_gem_max = 0.7 | mrt_gem_max = 6.5 | apr_gem_max = 15.0 | mei_gem_max = 21.1 | jun_gem_max = 24.6 | jul_gem_max = 26.5 | aug_gem_max = 25.9 | sep_gem_max = 20.0 | okt_gem_max = 12.9 | nov_gem_max = 5.3 | dec_gem_max = 0.5 | jaar_gem_max = 13.2 | jan_gem = −3.2 | feb_gem = −2.3 | mrt_gem = 2.5 | apr_gem = 10.0 | mei_gem = 15.8 | jun_gem = 19.5 | jul_gem = 21.3 | aug_gem = 20.5 | sep_gem = 14.9 | okt_gem = 8.6 | nov_gem = 2.6 | dec_gem = -1.8 | jaar_gem = 9.0 | jan_gem_min = -5.5 | feb_gem_min = -5.0 | mrt_gem_min = -0.8 | apr_gem_min = 5.7 | mei_gem_min = 10.9 | jun_gem_min = 14.8 | jul_gem_min = 16.7 | aug_gem_min = 15.7 | sep_gem_min = 10.6 | okt_gem_min = 5.1 | nov_gem_min = 0.4 | dec_gem_min = -3.9 | jaar_gem_min = 5.4 | precipitation colour = green | jan_gem_ns = 38 | feb_gem_ns = 40 | mrt_gem_ns = 40 | apr_gem_ns = 42 | mei_gem_ns = 65 | jun_gem_ns = 73 | jul_gem_ns = 68 | aug_gem_ns = 56 | sep_gem_ns = 57 | okt_gem_ns = 46 | nov_gem_ns = 46 | dec_gem_ns = 47 | jaar_gem_ns = 618 | rdjan = 8 | rdfeb = 7 | rdmrt = 9 | rdapr = 13 | rdmei = 14 | rdjun = 15 | rdjul = 14 | rdaug = 11 | rdsep = 14 | rdokt = 12 | rdnov = 12 | rddec = 9 | rdjaar = 138 | lvjan = 82.7 | lvfeb = 80.1 | lvmrt = 74.0 | lvapr = 64.3 | lvmei = 62.0 | lvjun = 67.5 | lvjul = 68.3 | lvaug = 66.9 | lvsep = 73.5 | lvokt = 77.4 | lvnov = 84.6 | lvdec = 85.6 | lvjaar = 73.9 |bron = Pogoda.ru.net,<ref name="pogoda">{{cite web | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191213141910/http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/33345.htm | archive-date = 13 December 2019 | url = http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/33345.htm | title = Weather and Climate – The Climate of Kiev | publisher = Weather and Climate (Погода и климат) | access-date = 8 November 2021 | language = ru}}</ref> World Meteorological Organization (humiditeit 1981–2010)<ref name=WMOCLINO>{{cite web | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210717143555/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-VI/Ukraine/12.6.%20WMO_Normals_Excel_Template%20%282%29.xls | archive-date = 17 July 2021 | url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-VI/Ukraine/12.6.%20WMO_Normals_Excel_Template%20(2).xls | title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981–2010 | publisher = World Meteorological Organization | access-date = 17 July 2021}}</ref> }} == Demografie == Volgens die amptelike registrasiestatistieke was daar in Julie 2013 altesaam 2&nbsp;847&nbsp;200 inwoners in Kijif.<ref name="Kiev statistical report">{{cite web | url=http://kyiv.ukrstat.gov.ua/p.php3?c=527 | title=uk:Чисельність населення м.Києва | trans-title=Population of Kyiv city | language=uk | date=1 November 2015 | access-date=9 January 2016 | archive-date=9 October 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009112619/http://kyiv.ukrstat.gov.ua/p.php3?c=527 | url-status=live }}</ref> === Historiese bevolking === {{Historical populations |state=collapsed |shading=on |10xx|100000 |1647|15000 |1666|10000 |1763|42000 |1797|19000 |1835|36500 |1845|50000 |1856|56000 |1865|71300 |1874|127500 |1884|154500 |1897|247700 |1905|450000 |1909|468000 |1912|442000 |1914|626300 |1917|430500 |1919|544000 |1922|366000 |1923|413000 |1926|513000 |1930|578000 |1940|930000 |1943|180000 |1956|991000 |1959|1104300 |1965|1367200 |1970|1632000 |1975|1947000 |1980|2191500 |1985|2461000 |1991|2593400 |1996|2637900 |2000|2615300 |2005|2596400 |2010|2786518 |2015|2890432 |footnote=Op 1 Januarie van 'n spesifieke jaar.<ref>{{Cite book|editor-last1=Vilenchuk|editor-first1=S.R.|editor-last2=Yatsuk|editor-first2=T.B.|title=Kyiv Statistical Yearbook for 2008|location=Kiev|publisher=Vydavnytstvo Konsultant LLC|year=2009|page=213|isbn=978-966-8459-28-3}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Kudritskiy|first1=A. V.|title=KIEV entsiklopedicheskiy spravochnik|location=Kiev|publisher=Glavnaya redaktsia Ukrainskoy Sovetskoy Entsiklopedii|year=1982|page=30}}</ref> }} Volgens die Oekraïense [[sensus]] van 2001 was die inwonertal in dié jaar 2&nbsp;611&nbsp;300.<ref name="population">[https://web.archive.org/web/20100820175437/http://www.ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/regions/reg_mkyiv/ Ukrcensus.gov.ua – Kyiv city] Besoek op 4 Augustus 2007. Estimates based on the amount of bakery products sold in the city (thus including temporary visitors and commuters) suggest a minimum of 3.5&nbsp;million. "[http://www.korrespondent.net/main/194785 There are up to 1.5 mln undercounted residents in Kiev] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202214728/http://www.korrespondent.net/main/194785 |date=2 December 2008 }}", ''Korrespondent'', 15 June 2005 {{in lang|ru}}</ref> Volgens die sensus was daar 1&nbsp;393&nbsp;000 (53,3%) vroue en 1&nbsp;219&nbsp;000 (46,7%) mans. In vergelyking met die vorige sensus van 1989 kan die neiging van veroudering in die land gesien word, terwyl dit in Kijif gedeeltelik gekeer is deur die invloei van migrante van 'n werkersouderdom. Sowat 1&nbsp;069&nbsp;700 mense het 'n hoër opvoeding gehad of hulle sekondêre opvoeding voltooi: 'n aansienlike toename van 21,7% sedert 1989. === Etniese samestelling === Volgens die sensusdata van 2001 het mense van meer as 130 nasionaliteite en etniese groepe in Kijif gewoon. [[Oekraïners]] was die meeste teen 2&nbsp;110&nbsp;800 mense, of 82,2% van die inwoners. [[Russe]] het 337&nbsp;300 (13,1%), uitgemaak, [[Jode]] 17&nbsp;900 (0,7%), [[Belarusse]] 16&nbsp;500 (0,6%), [[Pole]] 6&nbsp;900 (0,3%), [[Armeniërs]] 4&nbsp;900 (0,2%), [[Azerbeidjanners]] 2&nbsp;600 (0,1%), [[Tatare]] 2&nbsp;500 (0,1%), [[Georgiërs]] 2&nbsp;400 (0,1%) en [[Moldowiërs]] 1&nbsp;900 (0,1%). Volgens 'n studie van 2015 deur die International Republican Institute van Amerika was 94% van Kijif se inwoners etniese Oekraïners en 5% etniese Russe.<ref name="iri1">{{cite journal|title=Ukrainian Municipal Survey, March 2–20 2015|journal=IRI|url=http://www.iri.org/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/2015-05-19_ukraine_national_municipal_survey_march_2-20_2015.pdf|access-date=27 May 2015|archive-date=19 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019081334/http://www.iri.org/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/2015-05-19_ukraine_national_municipal_survey_march_2-20_2015.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Die meeste van die stad se nie-Slawiese inwoners was Tatare, volke van die [[Kaukasus]] en ander volke van die voormalige Sowjetunie. === Taal === In 2001 is [[Oekraïens]] en [[Russies]] albei algemeen in die stad gepraat; sowat 75% van Kijif se inwoners het in die sensus van 2001 Oekraïens as hulle moedertaal aangegee en sowat 25% Russies.<ref name="CensusKiev">According to the official 2001 census data: {{cite web|title=Всеукраїнський перепис населення 2001 {{!}} Результати {{!}} Основні підсумки {{!}} Національний склад населення {{!}} місто Киів|url=http://ukrcensus.gov.ua/results/general/nationality/city_kyiv/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091214013239/http://ukrcensus.gov.ua/results/general/nationality/city_kyiv/|archive-date=14 December 2009|access-date=14 January 2010|publisher=ukrcensus.gov.ua|lang=uk}} {{cite web|title=Всеукраїнський перепис населення 2001 {{!}} Результати {{!}} Основні підсумки {{!}} Мовний склад населення {{!}} місто Київ|url=http://ukrcensus.gov.ua/results/general/language/city_kyiv|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100125152423/http://www.ukrcensus.gov.ua/results/general/language/city_kyiv|archive-date=25 January 2010|access-date=14 January 2010|publisher=ukrcensus.gov.ua|lang=uk}}</ref> Volgens 'n opname in 2006 word Oekraïens in 23% van Kijifse huise gepraat, Russies in 52% en albei in 24%.<ref name="ZerkaloKiev">"Kiev: the city, its residents, problems of today, wishes for tomorrow", ''Zerkalo Nedeli'', 29 April – 12 Mei 2006. [http://www.zerkalo-nedeli.com/ie/show/596/53322/ in Russian]. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070217114918/http://www.zerkalo-nedeli.com/ie/show/596/53322/|date=17 February 2007}}, [http://www.zn.kiev.ua/ie/show/596/53322/ in Ukrainian] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070217114918/http://www.zn.kiev.ua/ie/show/596/53322/|date=17 February 2007}}</ref> Maar die Russiese inval in die Oekraïne in Februarie 2022 het 'n beduidende verskuiwing in die houding van die inwoners van Kijif, wat voorheen 'n grootliks Russiessprekende stad was, meegebring. 'n Opname in Januarie 2023 het getoon dat sedert die inval begin het, 33% van die inwoners van Kijif die Oekraïens aangeneem het. Sowat 46% het gesê hulle praat al lank Oekraïens. Nog 13% van mense het voortgegaan om gereeld Russies te praat.<ref>{{Cite web |title=‘A generational shift’: war prompts Ukrainians to embrace their language |author=Luke Harding |work=the Guardian |date=6 March 2023 |access-date=19 January 2025 |url= https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/mar/06/russia-ukrainians-embrace-language-war |quote=Until last year [2022] Kyiv was largely a Russian-speaking city. A survey in January revealed that since Putin’s invasion a year ago, 33% of Kyivans have adopted the Ukrainian language. About 46% said they had been speaking Ukrainian for a long time. Another 13% remain Russian speakers.}}</ref> === Jode === Die [[Jode]] van Kijif word in 'n brief uit die 10de eeu die eerste keer genoem. Die Joodse bevolking het tot in die 19de eeu relatief klein gebly.<ref name="jewishvirtuallibrary.org">{{Cite web|url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/kiev|title=Kiev|website=www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org|access-date=24 May 2019|archive-date=18 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818163132/http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0012_0_11117.html|url-status=live}}</ref> 'n Reeks [[pogrom]]s is in 1882 uitgevoer en nog een in 1905. Aan die vooraand van die Eerste Wêreldoorlog was die stad se Joodse bevolking meer as 81&nbsp;000.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Jewish Community of Kiev |url=https://dbs.bh.org.il/place/kiev |publisher=The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot |access-date=1 August 2019 |archive-date=13 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613221401/https://dbs.bh.org.il/place/kiev |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1939 was daar sowat 224&nbsp;000 Jode in Kijif,<ref name="jewishvirtuallibrary.org" /> van wie sommige uit die stad gevlug het voor die Duitse inval van die Sowjetunie, wat in Junie 1941 begin het. Op 29 en 30 September 1941 is byna 34&nbsp;000 Kijifse Jode by Babi Jar vermoor.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/article.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005421|title=Kiev and Babi Yar|encyclopedia=Holocaust Encyclopedia|publisher=United States Holocaust Memorial Museum|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070103133722/http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/article.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005421|archive-date=3 January 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, vol. 1|last=Gutman|first=Israel|publisher=Macmillan|year=1990|pages=133–6}}</ref> Jode het aan die einde van die oorlog na Kijif begin terugkeer, maar in September 1945 was daar nog 'n pogrom.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.quest-cdecjournal.it/focus.php?id=212 |title=State-sponsored Anti-Semitism in Postwar USSR. Studies and Research Perspectives; Antonella Salomoni |date=2 April 2010 |publisher=Quest. Issues in Contemporary Jewish History / Questioni di storia ebraica contemporanea |access-date=26 July 2012 |archive-date=22 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200122164317/http://www.quest-cdecjournal.it/focus.php?id=212 |url-status=live }}</ref> In die 21ste eeu het die stad se Joodse inwoners sowat 20&nbsp;000 getel. Daar is twee groot [[sinagoge]]s in Kijif.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jpeopleworld.com/index.php?dir=site&page=country&subj_cs=4755 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6HjzgTHua?url=http://www.jpeopleworld.com/index.php?dir=site&page=country&subj_cs=4755 |archive-date=29 June 2013 |title=Jewish People Around the World |author=alla levy |access-date=4 July 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Stedelike landskap == {{Panorama|Panorama of Podil.jpg|1200px|<center> 'n Panoramiese uitsig oor [[Podil]], een van Kijif se sentrale woonbuurte.</center>}} Die moderne Kijif is 'n mengsel van oud (sowat 70% van meer as duisend geboue wat van 1907 tot 1914 gebou is, het bewaar gebly)<ref name="Forgotten Soviet Plans For Kyiv">[http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/109648/ Forgotten Soviet Plans For Kyiv] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204003123/http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/109648/ |date=4 February 2012 }}, Kyiv Post (28 Julie 2011)</ref> en nuut, wat te sien is in van die [[argitektuur]] tot die winkels en die mense self. Toe die hoofstad van Sowjet-Oekraïne van [[Charkif]] na Kijif geskuif is, is baie nuwe geboue gebou om die stad die "prag en praal" van 'n hoofstad te gee.<ref name="Forgotten Soviet Plans For Kyiv" /> Te midde van 'n vinnige bevolkingsaanwas tussen die 1970's en die middel 1990's het die stad ná die millenniumwisseling bestendig bly groei. Intussen het die uitbreiding van die stad afgeneem en die bevolkingsdigtheid van die voorstede toegeneem. Die duurste eiendom is in die gebiede Petsjersk en Chresjtsjatik. Dit is ook prestigeryk om eiendom te besit in die nuut geboude geboue in die buurte Charkifski of Obolon aan die Dnjepr. Oekraïne se onafhanklikheid met die eeuwisseling het ook ander veranderings ingelui. Woonkomplekse in 'n Westerse styl, moderne nagklubs, deftige restaurante en luuksehotels het hulle deure in die middestad oopgemaak. Nog belangriker is dat Oekraïne ná die verslapping van visumregulasies in 2005<ref>[http://www.workpermit.com/news/2005_08_10/europe/ukraine.htm Workpermit.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091230163628/http://www.workpermit.com/news/2005_08_10/europe/ukraine.htm |date=30 December 2009 }}. Retrieved 30 July 2006.</ref> 'n toptoeristeattraksie vol nuwe moontlikhede geword het. Die middestad is skoongemaak en geboue is herstel en oorversier. Baie historiese gebiede het gewilde handelsplekke geword waar 'n mens Oekraïense kuns, godsdiensitems, boeke, speletjies en juwele kan koop.<ref>[http://www.kiev.info/shopping/andrey_sp.htm ''Kiev.info''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090627025919/http://www.kiev.info/shopping/andrey_sp.htm |date=27 June 2009 }}. Besoek op 20 Junie 2006.</ref> Op die VN se Klimaatsveranderingskonferensie van 2009 was Kijif die enigste stad van die [[Gemenebes van Onafhanklike State]] wat die Europese TOP30-groenstadindeks gehaal het (in die 30ste plek).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121013202330/http://www.wam.ae/servlet/Satellite?c=WamLocEnews&cid=1259110921211&pagename=WAM%2FWAM_E_Layout&parent=Query&parentid=1135099399852 Kyiv found among greenest cities in Europe], Emirates News Agency (10 Desember 2009)</ref> Kijif se bekendste historiese argitektuurkomplekse is die [[Sint Sofia-katedraal, Kijif|Sint Sofia-katedraal]] en die [[Kijifse Petsjersk-lawra]] (Grotkloosters), wat deur [[Unesco]] as [[wêrelderfenisgebied]]e beskou word. Noemenswaardige historiese landmerke sluit in die Marijinski-paleis (ontwerp en gebou van 1745 tot 1752, en herbou in 1870) en verskeie kerke van die [[Oosters-Ortodokse Kerk]]. Een van Kijif se makliks herkenbare landmerke is die uiters sigbare reusestandbeeld Moeder Moederland van [[titaan]] wat aan die regteroewer van die Dnjepr staan, by die Nasionale Museum van die Geskiedenis van Oekraïne in die Tweede Wêreldoorlog. Onder die stad se bekendste [[monument]]e tel Michail Mikesjin se standbeeld van Bohdan Chmelnitski op sy perd naby die Sint Sofia-katedraal, die een van [[Wladimir I van Kiëf|Wladimir die Grote]] (sint Wladimir), wat Kiëf-Roes gekersten het, op Sint Wladimir-heuwel en die een vir Ki, Sjtsjek, Chorif en Libid, die legendariese stigters van die stad. Op Onafhanklikheidsplein in die middestad pryk twee monumente: een van die historiese beskermer van Kijif, die [[Migael (aartsengel)|aartsengel Migael]], bo 'n rekonstruksie van een van die ou stadspoorte; en 'n moderne uitvinding, die beskermingsgodin Berehinia, op 'n hoë pilaar. <gallery mode="packed" caption="Argitektoniese en historiese monumente van Kijif"> Beeld:Golden Gate Kiev 2018 G1.jpg|Die Goue Poort. Beeld:St. Sophia's.jpg|Die Sint Sofia-katedraal. Beeld:80-391-9007 Kyiv St.Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery RB 18.jpg|Die Sint Migael-gouekoepelklooster. Beeld:Pokrova Nunnery Kyiv.JPG|Die Klooster van die Voorspraak. Beeld:Kyiv, St Andrew church (2).jpg|Die Sint Andreas-kerk. Beeld:Маріїнський палац в Києві.jpg|Die Marijinski-paleis. Beeld:Universidad Roja de Kiev.jpg|Die [[Rooi universiteitsgebou]], hoofgebou van die Kijif-universiteit. </gallery> == Notas == {{Verwysings|group=nota}} == Verwysings == {{Verwysings|4}} == Skakels == * {{uk}} [http://kievcity.gov.ua/ Amptelike webtuiste] {{CommonsKategorie-inlyn|Kyiv|Kijif}} * {{en}} {{Wikivoyage|Kyiv|Kijif}} {{vertaaluit| taalafk = en | il = Kyiv}} {{Deelgebiede van Oekraïne}} {{Hoofstede in Europa}} {{Normdata}} [[Kategorie:Nedersettings in Oekraïne]] [[Kategorie:Heldestede van die Sowjetunie]] qe4vyye8b2qkgysd0a6jnedcz63o7l4 0 32987 2917053 2909948 2026-07-11T23:08:58Z Gvdbdfdggd 210882 /* */ 2917053 wikitext text/x-wiki {| align="right" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid #88a; background:#CEDAF2; padding:5px; font-size: 85%; margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; border-collapse:collapse;" ! align="center" colspan="2" style="color: #000000; background: #f7f8ff; padding: 4px; font-size:170%;" | <span style="font-size:16pt">'''Seoel'''</span><br />서울특별시<br /> [[Lêer:Seoul City Montage.png|280px]]<br /> |- style="background: #CEDAF2; text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #999" | '''Kaart''' |style="border-left:1px solid #999"| '''Seël''' |- style="background:white" |rowspan=6| [[Lêer:Seoul-teukbyeolsi in South Korea.svg|180px|senter]] |- style="background: white" |style="border-left:1px solid #999"| [[Lêer:Seal of Seoul, South Korea.svg|75px|senter]] |- style="background: #f7f8ff;border-top:1px solid #999; text-align:center;" |style="border-left:1px solid #999"| |- style="background: #CEDAF2; text-align:center;" |style="border-left:1px solid #999;border-top:1px solid #999"| '''Vlag''' |- style="background: white; border-top:1px solid #999;" |style="border-left:1px solid #999"| [[Lêer:Flag of Seoul.svg|90px|raam|senter]] |- style="background: #f7f8ff; border-top:1px solid #999; text-align:center;" |style="border-left:1px solid #999"| |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |&nbsp;'''Land''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | {{vlagland|Suid-Korea}} |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |&nbsp;'''Streek''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | Seoel Hoofstadgebied |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |&nbsp;'''Koördinate''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | {{Koördinate|37|33|N|126|59|O}} |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |&nbsp;'''Stigting''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | [[18 v.C.]] |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |&nbsp;'''Oppervlakte:''' | style="background: #f7f8ff" | &nbsp; |- | &nbsp;- Totaal | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | 605,21 [[vierkante kilometer|km²]] |- | &nbsp;'''Hoogte bo seevlak''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | 0–100&nbsp;m |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |- |&nbsp;'''Bevolking:''' | style="background: #f7f8ff" | &nbsp; |- | &nbsp;- Totaal (2021) | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | 9&nbsp;765&nbsp;869 |- | &nbsp;- Bevolkingsdigtheid | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | 16&nbsp;000/km² |- | &nbsp;- Metropolitaanse Gebied | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | 25&nbsp;600&nbsp;000 |- |&nbsp;'''[[Tydsone]]''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | [[UTC+9]] (KST) |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |- |&nbsp;'''[[Burgemeester]]''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | Oh Se-hoon |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |&nbsp;'''Amptelike webwerf''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | [https://www.seoul.go.kr/ ''seoul.go.kr''] |} '''Seoel''' ([[Koreaans]]: 서울, [sʰʌul], {{Audio|Ko-Seoul.ogg|luister}}, letterlik: "hoofstad"), amptelik die '''Spesiale Metropolitaanse Stad Seoel''' (서울특별시, ''Seoel Teukbyeolsi''), is die [[hoofstad]] en grootste stad van [[Suid-Korea]], geleë in die uiterste noordweste van die land en net 56&nbsp;km suid van die grens met die kommunistiese [[Noord-Korea]]. Seoel is, met 'n bevolking van byna 10 miljoen, een van die grootste stede ter wêreld en het 'n oppervlakte van 605,21&nbsp;km². 'Seoul' kom van die Koreaanse woord vir "hoofstad".<ref>{{en}} [http://uk.holidaysguide.yahoo.com/p-travelguide-221948-seoul_history-i Yahoo – 20 Mei 2010] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070107185557/http://uk.holidaysguide.yahoo.com/p-travelguide-221948-seoul_history-i |date= 7 Januarie 2007 }}</ref> Seoel was die gasheerstad vir beide die [[Olimpiese Somerspele 1988]] en [[Paralimpiese Somerspele 1988]], asook een van die vergaderplekke van die [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2002]] wat [[Japan]] en Suid-Korea saam aangebied het. [[Lêer:Gyeongbokgung at evening 1X7A8077.jpg|duimnael|links|Nagaansig van die Gyeongbokgung-paleis, die grootste van vyf koninklike residensies in Seoel van waar die Joseon-dinastie Korea tussen 1395 en 1910 geregeer het. Die Koreaanse naam van die paleis, wat vir amptelike onthale gebruik is en deel uitmaak van 'n hele kompleks, beteken "Paleis van stralende geluksaligheid".]] Seoel se ongekende groei van 'n rustige residensiestad met 'n halfmiljoen inwoners voor die begin van die [[Korea-oorlog]] in 1950 tot een van die belangrikste wêreldmetropole weerspieël die geskiedenis van Suid-Korea en sy hard werkende bevolking wat in enkele dekades die transformasie van 'n bitterarm land tot een van die voorste nywerheidslande op aarde bewerkstellig het. Met 'n bevolking van meer as tien miljoen (na wie as Seoeliete verwys word) kwalifiseer Seoel as 'n megastad. Sy metropolitaanse gebied Sudogwon, waar met 25 miljoen inwoners die helfte van Suid-Korea se bevolking saamgetrek is, is die tweede grootste op aarde na dié van Tokio-Jokohama in Japan en sluit die miljoenestede [[Incheon]] en [[Suwon]] asook die provinsie Gyeonggi in.<ref>{{de}} Klaus A. Dietsch: ''Seoul. Mit Incheon, Suwon und Ganghwa-Insel''. Tweede hersiene uitgawe. Berlin: Trescher 2017, bl. 51</ref> Ondanks Seoel se nuwe status as tegnologiese megastad hou sy bewoners, net soos ander Suid-Koreane, daarvan om in die veiligheid van oorgelewerde kulturele en religieuse tradisies gewortel te bly wat vrolike feeste insluit. Dit maak van Seoel 'n stad met aantreklike kontraste soos min op aarde – insluitende een van die mees gesofistikeerde kulinêre tradisies. Net soos moderne tegnologie (met elektroniese verbruikersware wat van [[mikrogolfoond]]e tot [[rekenaar]]s en [[Slimfoon|slimfone]] strek) vind Suid-Koreaanse ontwerpkuns, argitektuur, modes en musiekstyle soos [[K-pop]], waarvan Seoel die bakermat is, ingang tot die westerse hoofstroomkultuur. == Geografie en klimaat == === Ligging === [[Lêer:Seoul, nighttime.jpg|duimnael|links|'n NASA-foto van nagtelike Seoel toon die Hanrivier se W-vormige kronkelloop]] [[Lêer:Yeoido, Seoul from across the Han (15601157792).jpg|duimnael|links|Seoel se finansiële distrik is op Yeouido, 'n groot eiland in die Hanrivier, geleë]] Die stad lê in die noorde van Suid-Korea naby die grens met [[Noord-Korea]]. Die stad word in twee verdeel deur die Hanrivier, 'n historiese seeweg en handelsroete na China wat soos 'n groot "W" deur die stadsgebied kronkel en grootliks bygedra het tot Seoel se ontwikkeling. Die onmiddellike omgewing van die hoofstad weerspieël Suid-Korea se bergagtige karakter (bergreekse beslaan sowat 70 persent van die totale oppervlakte). So is die betreklik plat terrein van Seoel se stadsgebied, wat in die Hanriviervlakte geleë is, omring deur berge wat maklike oriëntasiepunte vorm – afgesien van hulle toeristiese gewildheid as bestemming vir staptoere. Die gemiddelde hoogte in Seoel is 86 meter bo [[seevlak]].<ref name=TfaS>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://geography.about.com/od/southkorea/a/Ten-Facts-About-Seoul-South-Korea.htm |title=Overview of Seoul – The Capital and Largest City in South Korea |accessdate=26 Junie 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224023751/http://geography.about.com/od/southkorea/a/Ten-Facts-About-Seoul-South-Korea.htm |archive-date=24 Februarie 2017 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> === Metropolitaanse gebied Sudogwon === Sudogwon ('n benaming wat rofweg vertaal as "Hoofstadgebied") as metropolitaanse gebied met Seoel as middelpunt is 'n suiwer geografiese konsep sonder administratiewe funksie. Oorspronlik het dit net uit Seoel en die aangrensende miljoenestede Incheon en Suwon bestaan. As gevolg van die enorme verstedelikingsproses in die gebied is steeds meer satellietstede, wat deel uitgemaak van die openbare vervoerstelsel, hierby ingesluit. Uiteindelik is die hele provinsie Gyeonggi as deel van die metropolitaanse gebied beskou. Administratief vorm die stede net soos die provinsie selfstandige eenhede. So word Seoel as "Besondere stad" bestuur – 'n titel wat aandui dat die stad aan Suid-Korea se nege provinsies gelykgestel is. Incheon word as 'n metropolitaanse stad bestuur, terwyl Suwon as setel van die provinsiale regering fungeer. === Klimaat === Die klimaat van Seoel word beskou as beide 'n vogtige kontinentale klimaat en 'n subtropies-vogtige klimaat, want die stad lê op die grens van hierdie twee klimaatsones. Somers is gewoonlik warm en vogtig en die winters koud en droog. Die stad kry gemiddeld 28 dae sneeu per jaar. Die gemiddelde minimumtemperatuur in Januarie is -6˚C en die gemiddelde maksimumtemperatuur in Augustus is 29,5˚C.<ref name="TfaS" /> == Geskiedenis == [[Lêer:Lotte World Tower (22074455581).jpg|duimnael|Die middestad van Seoel met die ''Lotte World Tower'' word omring deur grootskaalse residensiële komplekse – die simbole van verstedeliking en binnelandse migrasie van landelike bevolkings]] [[Lêer:Map Seoul districts de.png|duimnael|links|Distrikte van Seoel]] Nedersetting in die gebied dateer uit prehistoriese tye, toe klein Neolitiese gemeenskappe ongeveer 20&nbsp;000 jaar gelede langs die Hanrivier gewoon het. Die stad Wiryeseong, gestig as die hoofstad van Paekche (ook gespel Baekje), een van Suid-Korea se ''Drie Koninkryke'', was geleë presies waar Seoel vandag staan. Daar is oorblyfsels van die oorspronklike stadsmure in die suidooste van die sentrale Seoeldistrikte.<ref name=worldguides>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.world-guides.com/asia/south-korea/seoul/seoul_history.html |title=Seoul History Facts and Timeline |accessdate=26 Junie 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009111205/http://www.world-guides.com/asia/south-korea/seoul/seoul_history.html |archive-date=9 Oktober 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Die geskiedenis van Seoel as 'n nedersetting het waarskynlik in 18 vC begin, toe dit die hoofstad van die Baekjekoninkryk geword het. Daarna was dit die hoofstad onder verskeie heersers, en het verskeie name onder die verskeie heersers gehad.<ref name=koreaorbit>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.koreaorbit.com/korea-travel/seoul-south-korea/history.html |title=Seoul History |accessdate=26 Junie 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191125034744/http://www.koreaorbit.com/korea-travel/seoul-south-korea/history.html |archive-date=25 November 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Seoel was die suidelike hoofstad van die Koryo-dinastie na die val van Silla in die 10de eeu, en talle paleise, [[Boeddhisme|Boeddhistetempels]] en administratiewe geboue is in daardie tyd opgerig. Seoul het gegroei tot 'n ware stad, met 100 000 inwoners, nadat dit in [[1392]] weer die hoofstad geword het onder die Joseon-dinastie. Seoel is tot [[1910]] regeer deur die feodale stelsel van konings, aristokrate, kleinboere, slawe en uitgeworpenes. In 1910 het die [[Japan]]nese Korea ingeval, en vir 35 jaar was Seoel onder Japannese koloniale bewind. Korea is in [[1948]] vrygestel van Japannese heerskappy, en Seoel het in [[1953]] weer die hoofstad geword.<ref name="koreaorbit" /> Die Suid-Koreaanse regering is besig om die hoofstad te verskuif na [[Sejong]] wat in 2030 klaar gebou sal wees.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/3554296.stm |title=S Korea chooses new capital site |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=11 Augustus 2004 |accessdate=13 Junie 2022}}</ref> == Vervoer == [[Lêer:The Closing Hour (133264599).jpeg|duimnael|Spitsuur in Seoel]] [[Lêer:Trolley replica bus in Seoul.jpg|duimnael|Seoel het lankal 'n toeristebestemming uit eie reg geword. Replika-trolliebusse is gewild vir rondritte]] [[Lêer:Bukchon Hanok Village.jpg|duimnael|Die groot bevolkingskonsentrasie laat min keuses toe wat behuising betref – die meeste Seoeliete word in woonsteltorings gehuisves. Maar ook in 'n vertikale stad soos Seoel is die tradisionele leefstyl in sogenaamde ''hanok'' of eenverdieping-houthuise met tuine in 'n binnehof op plekke bewaar, soos in Bukchon Hanok]] [[Lêer:House in Bukchon, Seoul (16143181).jpg|duimnael|Hanok-binnehof met tuin en poel, Bukchon Hanok]] [[Lêer:Books in Byeolmadang Library (254828841).jpg|duimnael|Boeke in die Starfield-biblioteek, COEX-winkelsentrum, Gangnam, Seoel]] [[Lêer:180211 더유닛 유닛G (7).jpg|duimnael|Jongmense dans wêreldwyd op die ritmes van Seoel se K-pop en Korean Wave-musiek]] Seoel het 'n moderne en doeltreffende openbare vervoerstelsel van [[bus]]se en [[moltrein]]e. Die moltrein-netwerk bestaan uit 9 lyne. Inligting by die stasies word in Koreaans en Engels vertoon.<ref name=visitseoul>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.visitseoul.net/en/information/getting-around-seoul/seoul-subway.jhtml |title=Getting around Seoul |accessdate=26 Junie 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007095805/http://www.visitseoul.net/en/information/getting-around-seoul/seoul-subway.jhtml |archive-date= 7 Oktober 2016 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> [[Incheon Internasionale Lughawe]] ([[IATA]]: ''ICN'', [[ICAO]]: ''RKSI''), die grootste lughawe in Suid-Korea, is 48&nbsp;km wes van Seoel geleë, en is die primêre lughawe in Seoel. Dié lughawe word sedert 2001 bedryf toe dit die ouer Gimpo Internasionale Lughawe vervang het. Gimpo-lughawe bedien nou meestal binnelandse bestemmings en pendelvlugte na alternatiewe lughawens in [[China]], [[Japan]] en [[Taiwan]].<ref name=seoul-airport>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://seoul-airport.com/ |title=Seoul International Airport |accessdate=26 Junie 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200426210842/https://www.seoul-airport.com/ |archive-date=26 April 2020 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> == Verwysings == {{Verwysings|2}} == Eksterne skakels == {{CommonsKategorie-inlyn|Seoul|Seoel}} ; Amptelike webtuistes ---- * {{ko}} [https://www.seoul.go.kr/ Amptelike webwerf] ; Ensiklopediese inligting ---- * {{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Seoul|title=Seoul|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|accessdate=10 Julie 2025}} ; Toerisme ---- * {{en}} {{Wikivoyage|Seoul|Seoel}} * {{en}} [https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/destinations/asia/south-korea/best-trips-2017-seoul-south-korea/ ''National Geographic: Seoul: The Cutting-Edge of Cool in South Korea''] ; Media ---- * {{en}} [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ALeKNQkGp6Y ''National Geographic/YouTube – Timelapse: South Korea’s Stunning Seoul | Short Film Showcase''] {{Hoofstede in Asië}} {{Normdata}} [[Kategorie:Seoel| ]] kso4wvtsmzryhd34zqzszawcmq5g1mm 0 39876 2917075 2720517 2026-07-12T06:54:08Z Aliwal2012 39067 Port Elizabeth→Gqeberha 2917075 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Inligtingskas Suid-Afrikaanse dorp | naam = Humansdorp | ander_naam = <small>(KwaNomzamo ingesluit)</small> | inheemse_naam = | nedersetting_tipe = [[Dorp]] | beeld_stadsilhoeët = Humansdorp Station c.JPG | beeldbyskrif = Humansdorp se spoorwegstasie | bynaam = | slagspreuk = | beeld_kaart = | duimdrukkeretiketposisie=bokant | latd = 34 |latm = 02 |lats = | longd = 24 |longm = 46 |longs = | provinsie = Oos-Kaap | distrik = Sarah Baartman | munisipaliteit = Kouga | stigtingsdatum = [[1849]] | regeringvoetnotas = | regeringstipe = | leier_party = | leiertitel = | leiernaam = | bevolkingnota = | oppervlakvoetnotas = <ref name=census2011>Som van die hoofplekke [http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/268007 Humansdorp] en [http://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/268008 KwaNomzamo] tydens 2011-sensus.</ref> | oppervlak_totaal_km2 = 34.5 | hoogte_m = 120 | bevolking_totaal = 28990 | bevolking_soos_op = 2011 <!-- demografie (deel 1) --> | demografie1_voetnotas = <ref name=census2011 /> | persent_kleurling = 54.3% | persent_swart = 38.0% | persent_wit = 6.7% | persent_asiër = 0.3% | persent_ander = 0.6% <!-- demografie (deel 2) --> | demografie2_voetnotas =<ref name=census2011 /> | demografie2_titel1 = [[Afrikaans]] | demografie2_info1 = 63.1% | demografie2_titel2 = [[Xhosa]] | demografie2_info2 = 31.4% | demografie2_titel3 = [[Engels]] | demografie2_info3 = 2.6% | demografie2_titel4 = | demografie2_info4 = | demografie2_titel5 = Ander | demografie2_info5 = 2.9% | poskode = 6300 | poskode2 = 6300 | skakelkode = 042 | sensuskode = | webwerf = http://www.portalfred.co.za/ }} [[Lêer:NG kerkgebou Humansdorp.jpg|duimnael|links|220px|Die kerkgebou van die [[NG gemeente Humansdorp]].]] [[Lêer:Museum Humansdorp.jpg|duimnael|links|230px|Die museum op Humansdorp.]] '''Humansdorp''' is 'n landelike dorp in die westelike gedeelte van die [[Oos-Kaap]] in [[Suid-Afrika]]. Humansdorp lê op ongeveer 4 kilometer afstand van die belangrike [[N2 (Suid-Afrika)|N2 nasionale pad]] tussen [[George]] en [[Gqeberha]]. Die dorp vorm deel van die [[Kouga Munisipaliteit]] wat [[Jeffreysbaai]], [[Patensie]], [[Hankey]], [[St. Francisbaai]] en [[Oesterbaai]] insluit. == Geskiedenis == Die dorp se ontstaan kan terugvoer word na die afstiging van die [[NG gemeente Humansdorp]] in 1849 van die [[NG gemeente Uitenhage]]. M.G. Human het in latere jare 'n stuk grond aan die Kerkraad van die NG Gemeente Humansdorp geskenk waarop dorpserwe uitgelê is in [[1853]]. Aanvanklik was die kerkgebou opgerig te Kerkplaas in die distrik. Met die ontwikkeling van die dorpserwe het die kerkgebou geskuif na die nuwe dorp wat knus ontwikkel het naby die [[Kromrivier]]. == Ligging en afstande == Humansdorp is baie strategies geleë, slegs 15&nbsp;km van die bekende branderplankmekka Jeffreysbaai. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- !colspan=3 | Afstande vanaf Humansdorp |- ! !Plek !Padafstand |- bgcolor="#d0ffd0" | rowspan = 1 | 1. || align="left" | [[Gqeberha]] || 90 km |- | rowspan = 1 | 2. || align="left" | [[Groot Stormsrivierbrug]] || 70 km |- |- bgcolor="#d0ffd0" | rowspan = 1 | 3. || align="left" | [[Kareedouw]] || 60 km |- | rowspan = 1 | 4. || align="left" | [[Patensie]] || 45 km |- |- bgcolor="#d0ffd0" | rowspan = 1 | 5. || align="left" | [[Jeffreysbaai]] || 15 km |- | rowspan = 1 | 6. || align="left" | [[St. Francisbaai]] || 15 km |- |- bgcolor="#d0ffd0" | rowspan = 1 | 7. || align="left" | [[Kaap St. Francis]] || 20 km |- | rowspan = 1 | 8. || align="left" | [[Oesterbaai]] || 26 km |- |} Die bekende [[R62 (Suid-Afrika)|Roete 62]] begin hier. == Landboubedrywighede == Vandag is Humansdorp die hartklop van die Kougastreek. Daar kan tereg verwys word na die streek as die "melkspens" van Suid-Afrika. Die Woodlands-melkery se aanleg is in die nywerheidsgebied, Panorama, geleë. Humansdorp is ook die sentrale punt van landboubedrywighede vir die nabye distrikte van die [[Gamtoosvallei]], [[Langkloof]] en Tsitsikamma. Die Humansdorp Koöperasie is ook op die dorp geleë, met 'n ryk geskiedenis van diens aan die landbougemeenskap. == Skole en hospitale == Die dorp beskik oor 'n hele aantal skole onder meer die Laerskool Stulting, Graslaagte, Kruisfontein en Mzingizi. Die Hoërskole van Humansdorp is Nico Malan, Humansdorp Sekondêr en Lungiso. Die eerste vennootskapshospitaal in die Oos-Kaap was ook in 2005 op Humansdorp gevestig. Die vennootskap tussen die Oos-Kaapse Departement van Gesondheid en die Life-Hospitaalgroep het gelei tot die Kouga Vennootskapshospitaal wat uit twee afdelings bestaan, naamlik die Humansdorp Provinsiale (Staats-) Hospitaal en die Isivivana Privaat Hospitaal.<ref>[http://www.echealth.gov.za/?page_id=32 Oos-Kaapse Departement van Gesondheid se webtuiste]</ref> == Sien ook == * [[Kruisfontein]] * [[NG gemeente Humansdorp]] * [[Lys van dorpe in Suid-Afrika]] == Verwysings == {{Verwysings}} * Steyn, M. (1989). Honderd en Vyftig Jaar. Feesblad van die Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk Humansdorp, Humansdorp: NMB {{Suid-Afrikaanse distriksmunisipaliteit navbox|DC10}} [[Kategorie:Nedersettings in die Oos-Kaap]] e0wtm2rff6tomqlvhp5i9txs5hzuwnt 0 44684 2917055 2911912 2026-07-11T23:25:20Z Jcb 223 2917055 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Lêer:Occupy Wall Street sign in Queens, NYC.jpg|thumb|Met die retoriek van "die 99%" (die mense) teen "die 1%" (die elite), was die internasionale ''Occupy''-beweging 'n voorbeeld van 'n populistiese sosiale beweging.]] [[Lêer:Nolan-chart.svg|thumb|Soos omskryf in die Nolan Chart, is populisme (en [[totalitarisme]]) links onder.]] [[Lêer:Bryan, Judge magazine, 1896.jpg|thumb|'n Spotprent uit 1896 waarin die slang William Jennings Bryan, 'n ywerige ondersteuner van populisme, die muil wat die [[Demokratiese Party (Verenigde State)|Demokratiese Party]] van [[Verenigde State van Amerika|Amerika]] simboliseer, verswelg.]] '''Populisme''', word gedefinieer as óf 'n [[ideologie]],<ref>[http://www.jstor.org/pss/1386633 Religious Rhetoric in American Populism: Civil Religion as Movement Ideology, Rhys H. Williams and Susan M. Alexander, 1994, Society for the Scientific Study of Religion]</ref><ref>[http://books.google.pt/books?id=yVEeWge7Nq8C&pg=PA110&lpg=PA110&dq=%22Populism+ideology%22&source=bl&ots=p5rR_TF7Pw&sig=4UDaFXqncjpfI5p4Ycb_UtZcyK8&hl=pt-PT&ei=0xwqS55Qj6qMB8WikKcH&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CBsQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=%22Populism%20ideology%22&f=false Anthropology and development: understanding contemporary social change, Jean-Pierre Olivier de Sardan]</ref><ref name="ceu">[http://web.ceu.hu/crc/Syllabi/PolSci/Boz_ContPoli.F95PS.v6.html CONTEMPORARY POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES, Andras Bozoki, Terms: Winter and Spring 1995, Department of Political Science, Budapest, CENTRAL EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY]</ref><ref>[http://www.bbk.ac.uk/polsoc/staff/academic/alejandro-colas/the-reinvention-of-populism The Reinvention of Populism: Islamist Responses to Capitalist Development in the Contemporary Maghreb], Alejandro Colás, 2001</ref> 'n [[politieke filosofie]]<ref>[http://books.google.pt/books?id=V2d12iZkgOwC&pg=PA1294&lpg=PA1294&dq=%22Populism+political+philosophy%22&source=bl&ots=MfeDmVOPSV&sig=DAB8oXybIwq1yeMtaqjzwDS0Twk&hl=pt-PT&ei=BB4qS7i6F6O7jAe4rKimBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CAgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=&f=false Merriam-Webster's collegiate encyclopedia, Merriam-Webster, Inc]</ref><ref name="smik">[http://lepo.it.da.ut.ee/~smikkel/kaliciak.doc Reasons for popularity of populist parties - Comparison of Poland and Estonia, Monika Kaliciak] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200425203423/http://lepo.it.da.ut.ee/~smikkel/kaliciak.doc |date=25 April 2020 }}, bl. 3</ref><ref>American Heritage Dictionary, inskrywing "Populism"</ref> of 'n blote besprekingsvorm,<ref name="ceu" /><ref name="smik" /> en is 'n soort polities-sosiale gedagtegang wat "die mense" opstel teenoor "die elite", wat sodoende sosiale en politieke stelseloorgange voorstaan, en/of ontplooiing van 'n retoriese styl deur lede van politieke of sosiale bewegings. Dit word deur die Cambridge woordeboek omskryf as "politieke idees en aktiwiteite wat ten doel het om gewone mense se behoeftes en wense te vervul".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://dictionary.cambridge.org/define.asp?dict=CALD&key=61566 |title=populism - Cambridge Dictionary Oline: Free English Dictionary |access-date=10 Januarie 2010 |archive-date=18 Februarie 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100218145003/http://dictionary.cambridge.org/define.asp?dict=CALD&key=61566 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Geskiedenis == [[Lêer:Juan Peron con banda de presidente.jpg|thumb|Die peronisme van Argentynse president Juan Perón is as 'n populistiese beweging beskou.]] Van die 2de tot die 1ste eeu v.C. bestaan daar in [[Rome]] se Senaat 'n politieke groep wat hulself die populêre genoem het. Hulle was teen die konserwatiewe senatore, die optimiste, die patrisiërs en die "edele plebs". Hulle verteenwoordig die belange van die gewone mense, die plebs. [[Julius Caesar]] was ook een van die gewildes as gevolg van sy huwelik en later het hy meer en meer gelief onder die plebs geword. Die term kom na [[Nederland]] (en gevolglik [[Afrikaans]]) via [[Frankryk]]. In Augustus 1930 in Frankryk het ''Les Populistes'', 'n groep skrywers, hulself aan die publiek voorgestel met hul manifes. In 1935 het die groep Populiste in Nederland gestig, waaronder Nico Eekman, Jan Strube en Louis Schrikkel, wie se doel was om "kuns te skep wat verstaanbaar is vir die mense wat met die populêre siel praat." Die populiste het gefokus op humoristiese, karikaturale en naturalistiese uitbeelding van die volkslewe: straat tonele, sirkusse, skoue, danse, musikante, straatverkopers en markverkopers. Dit was 'n apolitieke beweging. Deesdae het die woord 'n [[politiek]]e konnotasie. Moderne populisme het in die 1980's ontstaan. As gevolg van die toenemende afstand tussen die mense en die politiek, het die nuwe partye die mense as 'n verwysing vir die beleid aangegryp. Van nou af het hulle beweer om in die naam van die bevolking te praat, hulle wil te ken en dit te verwesentlik (soos bedoel in 'n [[demokrasie]]). == Kenmerke == Dit is moeilik om 'n voldoende definisie van populisme te gee, want daar is verskillende sienings oor wat populisme werklik is. Wetenskaplikes soos Ghita Ionescu en Ernest Gellner, Margaret Canovan, Paul Taggart en Gerrit Voerman kan ook nie met 'n goeie definisie voorendag kom nie. Daar is egter wesenskenmerke wat per outeur mag verskil. Politieke wetenskaplikes ken die volgende eienskappe aan populistiese politici toe:<ref>[http://www.vn.nl/Archief/Politiek/Artikel-Politiek/Een-dubbelhartige-partij.-Volkspartij-voor-vrijheid-en-democratie.htm Een dubbelhartige partij], Marcel ten Hooven (2006). ''Vrij Nederland'', 20 Mei 2006, bl. 28-31.</ref> * Afkeer vir die bestaande party instelling. * Die volk word op 'n voetstuk geplaas en word voortdurend na verwys. * Charismatiese [[leierskap]]. * Daar is 'n beroep op eenheid, homogeniteit en [[patriotisme]]. Cas Mudde sien populisme as 'n [[ideologie]], gebaseer op 'n samelewing wat verdeel kan word in twee homogene, opponerende groepe: die "suiwer mense" teen die "korrupte elite". Die populis sou aanspraak maak op die wil van die "suiwer mens" in haar/sy stryd teen die korrupte elite. Ongewoon is dat Mudde populisme as 'n politieke ideologie eerder as 'n politieke styl/metode erken,<ref>Mudde, Cas. ''Populist Radical-Right Parties in Europe'' (Cambridge 2007).</ref> hoewel hy daarop let dat populisme byna altyd 'n "gasheer" ideologie ( soos [[nasionalisme]], [[sosialisme]] ens) benodig wat dit 'n ideaal en 'n rigting gee.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/jul/07/populism-dead-european-victories-centrists|titel=Populism{{Dooie skakel|date=Augustus 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} isn’t dead. Here are five things you need to know about it Cas Mudde, 7 Julie 2017, [[The Guardian]]</ref> Taggart<ref>Taggart, P. (2000). ''Populism.'' Buckingham [etc]: Open University Press.</ref> noem drie eienskappe. Eerstens, populisme is gekant teen verteenwoordigende politiek. Dit het 'n afkeer van gevestigde [[politieke party]]e en gevestigde politieke agendas en gebruike. Tweedens maak populisme gebruik van wat Taggart "die hartland" noem: 'n fiktiewe-gebied, bewoon deur 'die mense' (genoem na die werklik bestaande ''American Heartland'', die sentrale streek van die [[Verenigde State]], beskou as die produktiewe area van die Amerikaanse [[nasie]]). Hierdie mense is 'n homogene groep mense wat hard werk, opreg en moralisties is en wie onder die leierskap van die elite sou ly. Normaalweg is hierdie mense nie polities aktief nie, maar hulle word deur die populiste gemobiliseer. Ten slotte is populisme 'n ideologie sonder kernwaardes. Populistiese styl en [[retoriek]] kan in alle posisies binne die politieke landskap gebruik word. Populisme projekteer ditself asof dit die teenoorgestelde van elitisme in alles is. Die eienskappe wat 'n elite kenmerk, soos 'n hoë mate van politieke invloed, lidmaatskap in invloedryke groepe (die sogenaamde in-skare), 'n hoë vlak van akademiese kwalifikasie, 'n hoë mate van intelligensie, 'n hoë mate van professionele ervaring en die behoud van sekere estetiese waarde-oordele kenmerk dikwels nie populisme nie. == Sien ook == * [[Argumentum ad populum]] * [[Outokrasie]] * [[Persoonlikheidskultus]] == Verwysings == {{Verwysings|2}} {{Politieke ideologieë}} {{Normdata}} [[Kategorie:Politieke ideologieë]] 8eckq0t7m8dh61ez7qozv7xj2hi6mh6 0 45587 2917026 2726435 2026-07-11T19:06:03Z BT1121 109898 Sinskonstruksie en grammatika is verbeter. 2917026 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kantbalk Trojaanse Oorlog}} '''Odusseus''' ([[Grieks]]: Ὀδυσσεύς) was in die [[Griekse mitologie]] die [[legendariese]] koning van [[Ithaca]] en die hoofkarakter in [[Homeros]] se epiese gedig die ''[[Odussee]]''. Hy was ook ’n belangrike karakter in Homeros se ''[[Ilias]]'' en die werke van die [[Epiese Siklus]]. [[Lêer:Val van Troje.jpg|duimnael|links|240px|Val van Troje]] Odusseus is veral bekend vir sy tien jaar lange reis huiswaarts ná die val van [[Troje]], nadat hy tien jaar lank in die [[Trojaanse Oorlog]] geveg het. In sy afwesigheid is aangeneem dat hy dood is, en sy vrou, [[Penelope (mitologie)|Penelope]], moes in dié tyd hard probeer om ’n klomp vryers aan ’n lyntjie te hou wat graag met sy "weduwee" wou trou. Die verbeelding van lesers en toehoorders is deur die eeue aangegryp deur die verhaal van die beroemde legendariese figuur. Eienaardige en wonderlike verhale uit die oorleweringe van hul volk is ingewerk in verhale soos die van '''Odusseus.''' Die digters van [[antieke Griekeland]] het baie helde besing. Baie van hulle het stellig nooit geleef nie, maar sommige was waarskynlik histories. In hul vertellings oor die dade van hierdie helde het die ou Griekse digters dikwels eienaardige en wonderlike verhale uit die oorlewerings van hul volk ingewerk. Die verhale van Odusseus is ʼn voorbeeld hiervan. Odusseus was 'n man van moed, krag en gesonde verstand. Twee besondere gawes het hom van ander manne onderskei: ʼn onversadigbare nuuskierigheid en buitengewone vindingrykheid, wat hy baie keer gebruik het om homself en sy makkers uit moeilike situasies te kry; maar soms het hy hierdie vermoëns van hom gebruik om vriend sowel as vyand skade aan te doen. == Karakter == Ulysses soos die [[Romeinse Ryk|Romeine]] Odusseus genoem het, was 'n man van moed, krag en gesonde verstand. Twee besondere gawes het hom van ander manne onderskei: 'n onversadigvare nuuskierigheid en 'n buitengewone vindingrykheid. Hy het dit telkens ingespan om hom en sy makkers uit 'n penarie te kry. Soms moes hy die vermoëns gebruik om vriend en vyand skade aan te doen. == ''[[Odussee]]'' == Die digter [[Homeros]], ook [[Homeros|Homerus]], het baie van die plekke in die ''[[Odussee|Odusseia]]'' so noukeurig beskryf dat die mense aangeneem het dat hy hierdie plekke self besoek het. Wat waarskynliker is, is dat hy die inligting by verbygaande matrose gekry het. Die ''[[Odussee]]'' of ''[[Odussee|Odusseia]]'' ([[Grieks]]: Ὀδύσσεια) is een van twee belangrike, antieke Griekse epiese gedigte wat met [[Homeros]] verbind word Die [[Franse]] geleerde [[Victor Bérard]] het met die teks van die ''[[Odussee|Odusseia]]'' in sy hand die hele Middellandse See-gebied platgereis op soek na hierdie plekke. Hy het 'n kaart van '''Odusseus se roete''' opgestel. == Homerus == Talle verhale oor die heldedade van Odusseus was in ou [[Griekeland]] in omloop. Die belangrikste daarvan is die lang epiese gedig die Odusseia wat deur die Griekse digter Homerus geskrywe is. Maar van Homerus self - wie hy was en waar en wanneer hy geleef het - het die antieke Grieke nie veel geweet nie. Legendes (bv. dat hy blind was) is egter van hom vertel en nie minder nie as sewe verskillende stede het daarop aanspraak gemaak dat hy daar gebore is. Baie kenners van die Griekse letterkunde meen vandag dat die [[Odussee|Odusseia]] en die ander groot epiese werk van [[Homeros|Homerus]], die [[Ilias]], oorspronklik mondelings van geslag tot geslag oorgedra is en algaande gegroei het en uitgebrei is deur verskillende oorvertellers voordat dit omstreeks agt eeue v.C. opgeteken is. == Odusseia == In die Odusseia word die avonture van Odusseus verhaal gedurende en na sy terugkeer van Troje. Die beleg van [[Troje]] het 'n voile tien jaar geduur. Uiteindelik is die stad verower, danksy die vernuftige plan van Odusseus, wat voorgestel het dat die Grieke die beroemde houtperd bou. Swaar belaai met buit het die verskillende Griekse konings en hul leërs na hul onderskeie stede teruggekeer. Odusseus het met sy skepe na die eiland Ithaka, waarvan hy die koning was, vertrek. Maar [[Poseidon]], god van die see, het 'n wrok teen die held gehad, en hy het deur woeste storms op see Odusseus se skepe na vreemde en angswekkende plekke gedryf. Dit was slegs vanweë sy vasbeslotenheid om. na sy koninkryk terug te keer en weer sy vrou en seun te sien dat Odusseus altyd die krag gevind het om aan die gevare te ontkom. == Odusseus se reis == Niemand is seker van die roete wat die digter Odusseus op sy terugreis van Troje na Ithaka laat volg het nie, en baie van die avonture speel hulle miskien selfs in 'n verbeeldingswêreld af. Volgens die rekonstruksie van die Franse geleerde Victor Berard het Odusseus se reis miskien soos volg verloop: Van Troje het Odusseus die Land van die Kikone, [[Thracië]], bereik, waar baie van sy metgeselle doodgemaak is. [[Beeld:Head Odysseus MAR Sperlonga.jpg|duimnael|200px|Die kop van Odusseus van ’n Griekse marmergroep.]] Land van die Lotos-eters ([[Libië]]): elkeen wat van die smaaklike lotosvrug geëet het, het van sy huis en sy eie land vergeet. Odusseus het baie moeite gehad om sy manne uit hierdie land te kry. Land van die Siklope (Cuma): hier het die reus [[Poluphemus]] Odusseus en sy manne gevange geneem. Aan die begin van hierdie artikel het ons vertel hoe die Grieke daarin geslaag het om te ontsnap. Paleis van Aiolos, god van die wind (die eiland [[Stromboli]]): Aiolos het al die winde wat ongunstig vir Odusseus se reis was, bymekaargemaak en hulle in 'n velsak aan die held gegee. Hulle het huiswaarts begin vaar, maar toe hulle naby Ithaka kom, het Odusseus se manne die sak oopgemaak omdat hulle gedink het dat daar 'n skat in was. Die winde het uit die sak ontsnap en Odusseus se skip in 'n heeltemal verkeerde rigting gedryf na die Land van die Laistrugoniërs ([[Sardinië]]). Hierdie mense was kannibale en hulle het baie van Odusseus se makkers opgevreet. Huis van die towenares Kirke (Kaap Circeo aan die Italiaanse kus): die oorlewende Grieke het in haar hande geval, en sy het hulle in varke verander. Slegs Odusseus kon sy nie in 'n vark verander nie, en hy het daarin geslaag om haar oor te haal om sy vriende vry te laat. Na ʼn kort besoek aan die onderwereld of Doderyk het Odusseus op die Eilande van die Sirenes ([[Capri]]) aangekom. Op hierdie eilande het die Sirenes met hul mooi stemme gesing en so verbygaande skepe op die rotse gelok. Odusseus het aan hierdie gevaar ontkom deur was in sy makkers se ore te stop en homself aan die skip se mas te laat vasmaak. Skulla en Charubdis (die [[Straat van Messina]]) was twee afgryslike monsters: Skulla het matrose op die verbygaande skepe opgevreet, terwyl Charubdis die skepe in 'n yslike draaikolk laat vergaan het. Odusseus het daarin geslaag om sy skip te red, maar ses van sy makkers is doodgemaak. Eiland van die Son ([[Sisilië|Sicilië]]): hier het Odusseus se vriende van die heilige beeste van die songod doodgemaak omdat hulle honger was, en die god [[Zeus]] het hulle gestraf deur ʼn vreeslike seestorm te laat woed. Slegs Odusseus het die storm oorleef. Toe sy skip met die hele bemanning in die storm verwoes is, het Odusseus ʼn wrakstuk gegryp en daarop na die eiland van die nimf [[Kalipso (maan)|Kalupso]] (die eilandjie Peregil naby [[Gibraltar]]) gedryf. Die [[nimf]] Kalupso het hom aan die kus aangetref en hom sewe jaar lank gevange gehou. == Einde van die reis == Uiteindelik het die gode Odusseus jammer gekry en Kalupso bevel gegee nom hom vry te laat. Hy het dadelik 'n vlot gebou en na Ithaka vertrek. Die god Poseidon het egter weer eens 'n geweldige storm laat opsteek en Odusseus se vlot het vergaan. Die Griekse held het egter na die eiland van die Phaiakiërs geswem, waar hy deur die koning se dogter Nausikaä, wat saam met haar vriendinne op die strand bal gespeel het, verwelkom is. Die koning van die Phaiakiërs het Odusseus 'n skip gegee om na sy land terug te keer. Ithaka: na tienjaar het Odusseus eindelik in sy stad teruggekeer. Toe hy daar kom, het hy egter ontdek dat van die edelliede van sy afwesigheid gebruik gemaak het om in sy huis te gaan woon en dat een van hulle selfs met sy vrou, Penelope, wou trou. Met sy verskriklike boog het hy hulle almal doodgemaak. == Sien ook == * [[Homeros]] * [[Odussee]] {{Normdata}} [[Kategorie:Achajers (Trojaanse Oorlog)]] [[Kategorie:Karakters in die Griekse mitologie]] 29r3nwu5l13oy1r0e1aj55tpcfktzas 0 46640 2917013 2909124 2026-07-11T15:47:24Z ~2026-39165-46 210865 2917013 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Weesbladsy|datum=Augustus 2017}} {{Inligtingskas Musikale kunstenaar | naam = Brandy | beeld = Brandy Norwood3.jpg | beeldgrootte = | dwarsformaat = | beeldbeskrywing = | beeldonderskrif = Brandy Norwood in 2019 | agtergrondkleur = solo | geboortenaam = Brandy Rayana Norwood | alias = | geboortedatum = {{geboortedatum en ouderdom|1979|02|11|df=yes}} | geboorteplek = McComb, [[Mississippi]], [[Verenigde State]] | sterfdatum = <!-- Slegs vir indiwidue --> | sterfplek = <!-- Slegs vir indiwidue --> | genre = | beroep = | instrument = stem | jare_aktief = 1996- | etiket = | assosiasies = | webwerf = | huidige_lede = | gewese_lede = }} '''Brandy Rayana Norwood''' (gebore 11 Februarie 1983) is 'n [[Amerika]]anse [[aktrise]] en popsangeres.<ref name="btt" /> == Albums == * [[Brandy (album)|Brandy]] (1994) * [[Never Say Never]] (1998) * [[Full Moon]] (2002) * [[Afrodisiac]] (2004) * [[Human]] (2008) == Verwysings == {{Verwysings|verwysings= <ref name="btt">{{cite web |date=9 Desember 2009 |first=Shaheem |last=Reid |title=Brandy Thanks Timbaland For Endorsing Her New Rap Career |work=[[MTV News]] |publisher=MTV.com |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1627932/20091209/brandy.jhtml |access-date=30 Junie 2010 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100425095848/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1627932/20091209/brandy.jhtml |archive-date=25 April 2010 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> }} == Eksterne skakels == {{Commons-kategorie inlyn}} {{Normdata}} [[Kategorie:Amerikaanse sangers]] [[Kategorie:Amerikaanse aktrises van die 20ste eeu]] [[Kategorie:Amerikaanse aktrises van die 21ste eeu]] [[Kategorie:Geboortes in 1979]] [[Kategorie:Lewende mense]] 1g04joqumx8ctxvz0i1naoo3s8op0au 2917021 2917013 2026-07-11T18:29:12Z Oesjaar 7467 Wysiging deur [[Special:Contributions/~2026-39165-46|~2026-39165-46]] teruggerol na laaste weergawe deur [[User:Oesjaar|Oesjaar]] 2681575 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Weesbladsy|datum=Augustus 2017}} {{Inligtingskas Musikale kunstenaar | naam = Brandy | beeld = Brandy Norwood3.jpg | beeldgrootte = | dwarsformaat = | beeldbeskrywing = | beeldonderskrif = Brandy Norwood in 2019 | agtergrondkleur = solo | geboortenaam = Brandy Rayana Norwood | alias = | geboortedatum = {{geboortedatum en ouderdom|1979|02|11|df=yes}} | geboorteplek = McComb, [[Mississippi]], [[Verenigde State]] | sterfdatum = <!-- Slegs vir indiwidue --> | sterfplek = <!-- Slegs vir indiwidue --> | genre = | beroep = | instrument = stem | jare_aktief = 1996- | etiket = | assosiasies = | webwerf = | huidige_lede = | gewese_lede = }} '''Brandy Rayana Norwood''' (gebore 11 Februarie 1979) is 'n [[Amerika]]anse [[aktrise]] en popsangeres.<ref name="btt" /> == Albums == * [[Brandy (album)|Brandy]] (1994) * [[Never Say Never]] (1998) * [[Full Moon]] (2002) * [[Afrodisiac]] (2004) * [[Human]] (2008) == Verwysings == {{Verwysings|verwysings= <ref name="btt">{{cite web |date=9 Desember 2009 |first=Shaheem |last=Reid |title=Brandy Thanks Timbaland For Endorsing Her New Rap Career |work=[[MTV News]] |publisher=MTV.com |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1627932/20091209/brandy.jhtml |access-date=30 Junie 2010 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100425095848/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1627932/20091209/brandy.jhtml |archive-date=25 April 2010 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> }} == Eksterne skakels == {{Commons-kategorie inlyn}} {{Normdata}} [[Kategorie:Amerikaanse sangers]] [[Kategorie:Amerikaanse aktrises van die 20ste eeu]] [[Kategorie:Amerikaanse aktrises van die 21ste eeu]] [[Kategorie:Geboortes in 1979]] [[Kategorie:Lewende mense]] old6x3z37dhoavuln8a4eeabwhsw3ei 0 50768 2917049 2894185 2026-07-11T23:05:48Z Gvdbdfdggd 210882 /* */ 2917049 wikitext text/x-wiki {| align="right" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid #88a; background:#CEDAF2; padding:5px; font-size: 85%; margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; border-collapse:collapse;" ! align="center" colspan="2" style="color: #000000; background: #f7f8ff; padding: 4px; font-size:170%;" | <span style="font-size:16pt">'''Busan'''</span><br />부산광역시<br /> [[Lêer:Busan montage.png|280px]]<br /> |- style="background: #CEDAF2; text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #999" | '''Kaart''' |style="border-left:1px solid #999"| '''Wapen''' |- style="background:white" |rowspan=6| [[Lêer:Busan-gwangyeoksi in South Korea.svg|180px|senter]] |- style="background: white" |style="border-left:1px solid #999"| [[Lêer:Symbol of Busan (2023–).svg|75px|senter]] |- style="background: #f7f8ff;border-top:1px solid #999; text-align:center;" |style="border-left:1px solid #999"| |- style="background: #CEDAF2; text-align:center;" |style="border-left:1px solid #999;border-top:1px solid #999"| '''Vlag''' |- style="background: white; border-top:1px solid #999;" |style="border-left:1px solid #999"| [[Lêer:Flag of Busan (2023).svg|90px|raam|senter]] |- style="background: #f7f8ff; border-top:1px solid #999; text-align:center;" |style="border-left:1px solid #999"| |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |&nbsp;'''Land''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | {{vlagland|Suid-Korea}} |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |&nbsp;'''Streek''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | Yeongnam |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |&nbsp;'''Koördinate''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | {{Koördinate|35|10|N|129|04|O}} |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |&nbsp;'''Stigting''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | 757 |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |&nbsp;'''Oppervlakte:''' | style="background: #f7f8ff" | &nbsp; |- | &nbsp;- Totaal | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | 770,04 [[vierkante kilometer|vk km]] |- | &nbsp;'''Hoogte bo seevlak''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | m |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |- |&nbsp;'''Bevolking:''' | style="background: #f7f8ff" | &nbsp; |- | &nbsp;- Totaal (2020) | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | 3&nbsp;411&nbsp;829 |- | &nbsp;- Bevolkingsdigtheid | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | 4&nbsp;400/vk km |- |&nbsp;'''Tydsone''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | [[UTC]] +9 (KST) |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |- |&nbsp;'''Burgemeester''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | Park Heong-joon |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |- |&nbsp;'''Amptelike webwerf''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | [https://www.busan.go.kr/ ''busan.go.kr''] |} '''Busan''' ([[Koreaans]]: 부산, [pusan]), amptelik die '''Metropolitaanse Stad Busan''' (부산광역시), is die tweede grootste [[stad]] na die hoofstad [[Seoel]] in die suide van [[Suid-Korea]] en is in die suide van die [[Korea|Koreaanse Skiereiland]] aan die [[See van Japan]] geleë. Busan is die belangrikste hawestad van Suid-Korea en het 'n reuse houerterminaal. Busan is sterk geïndustrialiseer. == Ligging == Busan lê aan die Nakdongrivier, oos van die [[berg]] Kumjung. Dié stad het 'n bevolking van 3,4 miljoen in 2020 gehad en beslaan 'n oppervlakte van 770,04&nbsp;km². Busan lê in die provinsie Suid-Gyeongsang, maar is 'n onafhanklikbestuurde gebied. Die berg Kumjung, wes van Busan, is 'n gewilde daguitstappie vir die stad se inwoners. 'n Drukbesoekte strand is die Haeundae-strand. In die noorde van Busan is die Nasionale Universiteit van Busan. Rondom die universiteit is daar kafees, kroeë en [[restaurant]]e. Die Chalgalchi-mark by die hawe is bekend vir sy vars [[vis (voedsel)|vis]] en ander [[seekos]]. Die mark is in 'n gebied met smal straatjies. == Stadsdele == {{Kolomme3 |Kolom1= * Gijang-gun (기장군; 機張郡) * Buk-gu (북구; 北區) * Busanjin-gu (부산진구; 釜山鎭區) * Dong-gu (동구; 東區) * Dongnae-gu (동래구; 東萊區) * Gangseo-gu (강서구; 江西區) * Geumjeong-gu (금정구; 金井區) * Haeundae-gu (해운대구; 海雲臺區) |Kolom2= * Jung-gu (중구; 中區) * Nam-gu (남구; 南區) * Saha-gu (사하구; 沙下區) * Sasang-gu (사상구; 沙上區) * Seo-gu (서구; 西區) * Suyeong-gu (수영구; 水營區) * Yeongdo-gu (영도구; 影島區) * Yeonje-gu (연제구; 蓮堤區) }} == Sport == Busan was een van die gasheerstede tydens die [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2002]] wat [[Japan]] en Suid-Korea saam aangebied het. Die stad het sy bod vir die [[Olimpiese Somerspele 2020]] op 14 November 2005 aangekondig, maar het uiteindelik teen [[Tokio]] verloor.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://english.people.com.cn/200511/14/eng20051114_221062.html |title=Pusan to declare bid to host 2020 Olympic Games |author=People's Daily Online |date=14 November 2005 |accessdate=8 Desember 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130831132818/http://english.people.com.cn/200511/14/eng20051114_221062.html |archive-date=31 Augustus 2013 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> <gallery mode="packed" heights="150"> Busan Sajik Stadium 20080706.JPG|Sajik-sagtebalstadion View of the Haeundae Skyline.png|Haeundae (links) en ''Marine City'' (regs) in Busan Cable Car at Geumjeong Mountain.jpg|Uitsig vanuit kabelspoor op die berg Geumjeong Seomyeon, Busan.jpg|Seomyeon Jagalchi Fish Market.jpg|Jagalchi se vismark </gallery> {{wide image|Busan Tower 360 Degree Panorama 001.jpg|1200px|Panorama van Busan vanuit die Busan-toring}} == Verwysings == {{Verwysings}} == Eksterne skakels == {{CommonsKategorie}} * {{en}} {{Wikivoyage}} * {{en}} {{ko}} [https://www.busan.go.kr/ Amptelike webwerf] * {{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Busan|title=Busan|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|accessdate=10 Julie 2020}} {{Normdata}} [[Kategorie:Kusstede]] [[Kategorie:Nedersettings in Suid-Korea]] 5lslwet9qz3pl5dpk3ynw1vui8cy37y 0 50873 2917015 2883347 2026-07-11T17:30:29Z Morne 672 /* Werd om te weet */ 2917015 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Beeld:Louis Henri Meurant.jpg|duimnael|regs|190px|Louis Henri Meurant.]] '''Klaas Waarzegger''' was die skrywersnaam van '''Louis Henri Meurant''' (*[[19 Februarie]] [[1811]], [[Kaapstad]] – † [[29 Maart]] [[1893]], [[Riversdal|Riversda]]<nowiki/>l). Meurant was in die middel van die 19de eeu 'n drukker, joernalis en 'n onopsetlike bevorderaar van [[Afrikaans]] as taal.<ref name=":0">Afrikaner Geskiedenis: http://www.afrikanergeskiedenis.co.za/presidente/biografiese-profiele/louis-henri-meurant/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003085233/https://www.afrikanergeskiedenis.co.za/presidente/biografiese-profiele/louis-henri-meurant/ |date= 3 Oktober 2018 }}</ref> Hy skryf ook onder verskeie skuilname, waaronder '''Platjie Wysneus''', '''Sabiena Zeekoeygat''' en '''Elsie Beuzemstok'''. == Lewe en werk == === Vroeë lewe en herkoms === Louis Henri Meurant is op 19 Februarie 1811 in Kaapstad gebore as die tweede kind en enigste seun van die gesin. Sy vader, die Franssprekende Louis Balthazar Meurant, was uit [[Basel]] in [[Switserland]] afkomstig en sy moeder, Eliza Humphreys, uit [[Londen]]. Sy moeder sterf wanneer hy sewe jaar oud is, waarna die Hollands-Afrikaanse familie van M.J. Smit, ’n Kaapse boumeester en argitek, hom in hulle sorg neem. Die jong seun verafrikaans hierna en hy is dan ook op [[3 Maart]] [[1831]] met een van die dogters in die gesin, Charlotte Cornelia Johanna Smit, getroud, by wie hy agt kinders het.<ref>E-family: http://www.e-family.co.za/families/jan_smit/f10473.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003085224/http://www.e-family.co.za/families/jan_smit/f10473.htm |date= 3 Oktober 2018 }}</ref> === Loopbaan === Hy wil die drukkersberoep aanleer en in [[1823]] koop sy vader vir £300 ’n pers vir die beroepsdrukker Greig met die verstandhouding dat Greig sy jong seun in die beroep moet oplei en hom later as vennoot sal inneem. Op [[7 Januarie]] [[1824]] verskyn die tweetalige [[South African Commercial Advertiser]] en kort hierna breek die stryd om die vryheid van die pers teen Lord [[Charles Somerset]] los. In [[1825]], terwyl hy nog ’n jong kind van sowat dertien is, maak hy sy buiging as akteur in [[C.E. Boniface|Charles Etienne Boniface]] se geselskap Honi Soit qui Mal y Pense se opvoering van Molière se ''De Burger Edelman'' en hy tree ook op in opvoerings van Boniface se ''Limaçon de dichter'', De Pixérécourt se ''De vrouw met twee mannen'' en Foote se ''The liar.'' Die teatermense soos Boniface en [[J. Suasso de Lima]] tel onder sy kennisse en hy het klaarblyklik later van hulle eerste pogings in Afrikaans gepubliseer. Meurant se vader is in [[1826]] oorlede. In [[1828]] is sy opleiding as drukker voltooi en vertrek hy na die binneland en vestig hom in [[Graaff-Reinet]], waar hy onder meer as jagter rondtrek en hy in [[1829]] ook deelneem aan die oorlog teen die [[Xhosas]]. In [[1830]] koop hy weer ’n drukpers en op [[30 September]] [[1831]] verskyn die eerste koerant van die [[Oostelike Provinsie]], die ''[[Grahamstown Journal|Graham's Town Journal]],'' waarvan hy die eienaar, drukker en redakteur is. In [[1834]] neem hy [[Robert Godlonton]] in as vennoot en verkoop sy aandeel in [[1839]] aan sy vennoot. Met die geld wat hy so verkry open hy ’n kleinhandelswinkel. Intussen neem hy as kaptein van die Grahamstadse vrywilligers in 1834–1835 aan sy tweede oorlog teen die Xhosas deel. Sy taalkennis kom hom dikwels goed te pas en in [[1837]] is hy tolk in [[Nederlands]] vir sir [[Benjamin D'Urban|Benjamin D’Urban]] en in [[1845]] is hy beëdigde vertaler van die Hooggeregshof. Met die Voortrekkerleiers in die [[Oos-Kaap]] het hy noue bande, veral met [[Piet Retief]] en [[Piet Uys]], en hy ontvang waardevolle dokumente van hulle. Hy hou nie lank uit in die kleinhandel nie en neig weer terug na die drukkersberoep. In [[1840]] word hy drukker van J.G. Franklin se ''Cape Frontier'' en vier jaar later gee hy weer sy eie koerant uit, die Hollandse weekblad ''Het Kaapsche Grensblad''. Hierdie koerant verskyn die eerste keer op [[12 Julie]] [[1844]] in [[Grahamstad]] en hou op bestaan in [[1850]]. As kommandant van die Grahamstadse Naturellesake neem hy deel aan die oorloë teen die Xhosas van 1846–1847 en voer die mag aan wat die Grensboere in Julie [[1846]] aan die [[Visrivier]] ontset. Hy voer ook die burgers van [[Olifantshoek]] aan in die Grensoorlog van 1850–1853, wat uiteindelik deur Cathcart beëindig is. In 1852 is hy as tolk saam met W.S. Hogg en C.M. Owen wat samesprekings met generaal A.W.J. Pretorius voer, die [[Sandrivierkonvensie|Sandrivier Konvensie]] sluit en ook met [[Mosjesj|Moshesh]] onderhandelinge aanknoop.<ref>Esat: http://esat.sun.ac.za/index.php/Louis_Henri_Meurant</ref> Later word hy Hogg se sekretaris. In [[1853]] aanvaar hy ’n betrekking as Magistraat te [[Katrivier]] en lid van die Landraad van Katrivier en Chumie. In [[1857]] word hy bevorder tot Siviele Kommissaris en Magistraat en bedien dan vir [[Cradock]] (1859–1864) en [[Fort Beaufort]] (1864–1874) in hierdie amp. In die klein gemeenskap van Fort Beaufort is hy egter baie ongewild, glo omdat hy outokraties, partydig en bemoeisiek was. W.J. Quin, die seun van die parlementslid van Fort Beaufort en redakteur van die ''Fort Beaufort Advertiser'', stuur dan in Julie [[1871]] ’n versoekskrif aan die regering om Meurant na elders te verplaas. In sy reaksie stel Meurant dan ’n lasteraksie in wat hy wen, maar in [[1874]] word hy tog met rangsvermindering verplaas na [[Clanwilliam]].<ref name=":1">Nienaber, G.S. ''Louis Henri Meurant: ’n Vroeë Afrikaanse joernalis''. Nasionale Boekhandel Kaapstad Eerste uitgawe 1968 bl. 2</ref> Vervolgens dien hy tot [[1877]] op Clanwilliam en daarna in [[Riversdal]] tot met sy aftrede in Desember [[1881]]. === Lewe in Riversdal === Hy woon ook in Riversdal tot met sy dood. Vanaf [[1860]] beywer hy hom met hart en siel vir die afstigting van die Oostelike Provinsie van die res van die Kaap. In 1877 is hy Kommandant van die burgers van Riversdal en [[Oudtshoorn]] in die nuwe grensoorlog en hy ontvang ’n oorlogsmedalje in [[1878]]. Hy is in [[1879]] stigter van die vrymesselaarslosie Frere, Nederlandse Konstitusie, in Riversdal en in 1881 stig hy ook ’n plaaslike tak van [[Onze Jan Hofmeyr|Onse Jan Hofmeyr]] se Boerebeskermingsvereniging, waarvan hy die eerste voorsitter is. Van [[1884]] dien hy as parlementslid van die Kaapse Regering en hy is burgemeester van Riversdal vir die periode 1887–1888. Sy vrou Charlotte ontval hom in [[1888]] en hy trou in [[1891]] met Susanna Cornelia Alleman. Hy is op [[29 Maart]] [[1893]] na ’n [[Beroerte|beroerte-aanval]] in [[Riversdal]] oorlede. == Skryfwerk == Meurant se betekenis vir [[Afrikaans]] lê daarin dat hy een van die eerste skrywers is wat ernstige gebruik maak van Afrikaans. In ''Het Kaapsche Grensblad'' skryf hy in die veertigerjare verskeie Afrikaanse briewe en samesprake. Die doel van hierdie stukke was waarskynlik slegs om lesers te amuseer. Dit blyk uit die inhoud asook uit die skuilname wat hy hiervoor gebruik, soos byvoorbeeld Platjie Wysneus, Sabiena Zeekoeygat en Elsie Beuzemstok.<ref name=":0" /> Terwyl hy magistraat is op Cradock verskyn daar in Desember 1860 ’n Afrikaanse byvoegsel in die plaaslike Engelse koerant ''The Cradock News'' onder die opskrif ''Zamenspraak tusschen Klaas Waarzegger en Jan Twijfelaar over het onderwerp van Afscheiding tusschen de Oostelijke en Westelijke Provincie''.<ref>Esaach: http://www.esaach.org.za/index.php?title=Meurant,_Louis_Henri{{Dooie skakel|date=Januarie 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Die wakker neef Klaas Waarzegger bearbei hierin die konserwatiewe oom Jan Twijfelaar en sy vrou, tant Elsie, om hulle steun te gee aan die afskeiding van die Oos-Kaap om ’n eie regerende liggaam te verkry. Die gesprekke is onderhoudend en geestig en is joernalistiek wat baie na aan letterkunde kom. Hiermee het hy groot impak en dit wek soveel belangstelling dat die uitgewers van die koerant vanaf Januarie [[1861]] ook ’n Hollandse nuusblad, ''Het Cradocksche Nieuwsblad'' oprig, waarin die samespraak voortgesit is. Die samespraak word in sy geheel of gedeeltelik ook deur ander Hollandse koerante soos ''[[Het Volksblad]]'' en ''[[De Zuid-Afrikaan]]'' oorgeneem, sodat dit algemene bekendheid verwerf. Die gewildheid daarvan veroorsaak dat dit in 1861, nou aangegroei tot ses dele, in boekvorm uitgegee word en landswyd versprei word. Hierdie is dan waarskynlik die eerste prosawerk in Afrikaans. Die wyd verspreide invloed van hierdie publikasie is duidelik daarin dat hy baie navolgers kry en korrespondente uit alle dele van Suid-Afrika begin nou Afrikaans skryf in die Hollandse koerante, sommige ook as Klaas Waarzegger. Hoewel Meurant se primêre doelwit, die onafhanklikheid van die Oostelike Provinsie, onsuksesvol was, oortuig hy tog ’n beduidende getal mense van die skryfbaarheid van Afrikaans, wat van hom ’n belangrike literêr-historiese figuur maak.<ref>Scholtz, J. du P''. Die Afrikaner en sy taal 1806–1875''. Nasou Beperk Kaapstad Derde druk 1967</ref> In ''Het Cradocksche Nieuwsblad'' van [[26 Januarie]] [[1861]] verskyn van Meurant ook ''Het nieuwe afscheidings lied genaamd Theunis Ezelsvley'' op die wysie en na die voorbeeld van ''Kaatje Kekkelbek''. In 1861 skryf hy ook sy parlementêre ''Brieve'', waarin hy die Oos-Kapenaars op hoogte bring van die verwikkelinge van die afskeidingsaksie in die parlement. Die afskeiding word egter nie deur die parlement goedgekeur nie, waarna die briewe stop. Daar is slegs nog op [[27 Julie]] [[1861]] ’n brief in die ''Het Cradocksche Nieuwsblad'' van Jan Twyfelaar om sy neef Klaas Waarzegger te bedank vir sy briewe, met die ''Nieuwsblad'' self wat waarskynlik nie die jaar oorleef nie.<ref name=":1" /> In die ''Cradock and Tarkastad Register'' (die voortsetting van ''The Cradock News'') verskyn op [[25 September]] [[1839]] verlaas ’n ''Memorie van Klaas Waarzegger en al de Doppers aan hunne geliefde en geëerbiedigde Landsmoeder en tante Victoria'' na aanleiding van die kwessie van afskeiding en die sitting van die parlement op Grahamstad die volgende jaar. [[Elize Botha]] sien in hierdie briewe van Klaas Waarzegger ook voorbeelde van die vroeë beoefening van die essay, aangesien die relaas verby blote propaganda gaan en lewenservaring en fyn-menslike besonderhede bevat. Sy neem dan ook sy brief ''Hoe hulle de Parlement begin…''” in “''Afrikaanse essayiste'' op. In [[1872]] laat Meurant sy ''A Record of Services of Mr. L.H. Meurant'' in beperkte oplaag druk en na sy aftrede skryf hy sy herinneringe aan die stryd om die vryheid van die pers, wat in [[1885]] gedruk word onder die titel ''Sixty Years Ago; or Reminiscences of the Struggle for the Freedom of the Press in South Africa and the establishment of the first newspaper in the Eastern Province''. Hierdie werk is ook ’n vername bron vir die kultuurgeskiedenis en ontwikkeling van die Oostelike Provinsie. Tot so laat as [[1890]] verskyn daar gereeld, onder meer in ''Het Volksblad'' en ''De Zuid-Afrikaan'', briewe en samesprake van Meurant oor politieke aangeleenthede en verslae oor die parlementêre debatte. Meurant se stukke is so populêr dat ook ander koerante daarvan oordruk. == Publikasies == Sy publikasies sluit in:<ref>Digitale bibliotheek voor Nederlandse Letteren: http://www.dbnl.org/auteurs/zuidafrika/auteur.php?id=meur022</ref> * ''Zamenspraak tusschen Klaas Waarzegger en Jan Twijfelaar over het onderwerp van Afscheiding tusschen de Oostelijke en Westelijke Provincie'',1861 * ''A Record of Services of Mr. L.H. Meurant'', 1872 * ''Sixty Years Ago; or Reminiscences of the Struggle for the Freedom of the Press in South Africa and the establishment of the first newspaper in the Eastern Province'', 1885 == Wetenswaardig == Bronne verskil oor die geboortedatum, met sommiges wat 1811 as geboortejaar aandui, terwyl die datum van 20 Junie 1811 ook genoem word. G.S. Nienaber toon egter oortuigend aan dat die geboortedatum waarskynlik 19 Februarie 1812 is.<ref name=":1" /> == Verwysings == === Boeke === * Antonissen, Rob. ''Die Afrikaanse letterkunde van aanvang tot hede''. Nasou Beperk Derde hersiene uitgawe Tweede druk 1964 * Böeseken, A.J.: Die Nuusbode. Kaapstad: Nasou, 1966. * Botha, Elize. ''Afrikaanse essayiste''. Human & Rousseau Kaapstad en Pretoria Vyfde druk 1975 * Bouwer, Alba. ''Afrikaans 100''. Tafelberg-Uitgewers Bpk. Kaapstad Eerste uitgawe 1975 * Conradie, Elizabeth. ''Hollandse skrywers in Suid-Afrika (Deel 2) (1875–1905''). J.H. de Bussy/H.A.U.M, Kaapstad/Pretoria, 1949 * Dekker, G. ''Afrikaanse Literatuurgeskiedenis''. Nasou Beperk Kaapstad Elfde druk 1970 * Grové, A.P. ''Letterkundige sakwoordeboek vir Afrikaans''. Nasou Beperk Vyfde uitgawe Eerste druk 1988 * Kannemeyer, J.C. ''Geskiedenis van die Afrikaanse literatuur 1''. Academica, Pretoria en Kaapstad Tweede druk 1984 * Kannemeyer, J.C. ''Die Afrikaanse literatuur 1652–2004''. Human & Rousseau Kaapstad en Pretoria Eerste uitgawe 2005 * Kritzinger, M.S.B. ''Plateatlas by die Afrikaanse Letterkunde''. J.L. van Schaik Bpk. Pretoria Eerste uitgawe 1931 * Lindenberg, E. (red.) ''Inleiding tot die Afrikaanse letterkunde''. Academica Pretoria en Kaapstad Vierde uitgawe Eerste druk 1973 * Nienaber, P.J. ''Eerste sooie.'' Perskor-Uitgewery Johannesburg Eerste uitgawe Eerste druk 1975 * Nienaber, P.J. ''Hier is ons skrywers!'' Afrikaanse Pers-Boekhandel Johannesburg Eerste uitgawe 1949 * Nienaber, P.J.; Senekal, J.H en Bothma, T.C. ''Mylpale in die geskiedenis van die Afrikaanse letterkunde.'' Afrikaanse Pers-Boekhandel Tweede hersiene uitgawe 1963 * Nienaber, P.J. et al. ''Perspektief en Profiel''. Afrikaanse Pers-Boekhandel Johannesburg Derde hersiene uitgawe 1969 * ''[[Standard Encyclopaedia of Southern Africa]]'', deel 7. Kaapstad: Nasou, 1972 {{ISBN|0-625-00323-3}} * Suid-Afrikaanse Biografiese Woordeboek, deel 1. * Swart, M.J., e.a. (red.): ''Afrikaanse Kultuuralmanak.'' Aucklandpark: Federasie van Afrikaanse Kultuurvereniginge, 1980. {{ISBN|0-620-04543-4}} * Van Coller, H.P. (red.) ''Perspektief en Profiel Deel I''. J.L. van Schaik-Uitgewers Pretoria Eerste uitgawe 1998 * Van der Merwe, H.J.J.M. (red.) ''Afrikaans: sy aard en ontwikkeling''. J.L. van Schaik Beperk Pretoria Eerste uitgawe 1968 * Van der Walt, P.D. ''Mené Tekél''. Nasionale Boekhandel Kaapstad Eerste uitgawe 1969 === Tydskrifte en koerante === * Pienaar, E.C. Afrikaanse Taalbakens II: Klaas Waarzegger. Die Taalgenoot, Februarie 1944 * Van der Walt, P.D. Die ‘Zamenspraak’ en die ironie. Standpunte, Nuwe reeks 36, Augustus 1961 === Ander verwysings === {{Verwysings}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Waarzegger, Klaas}} [[Kategorie:Suid-Afrikaanse joernaliste]] [[Kategorie:Geboortes in 1811]] [[Kategorie:Sterftes in 1893]] 09ahs0avmo6o8gaoej3exd9alhikguz 0 53568 2917077 2862580 2026-07-12T07:04:37Z Aliwal2012 39067 Port Elizabeth→Gqeberha 2917077 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Inligtingskas Suid-Afrikaanse dorp | naam = Jeffreysbaai | ander_naam = {{en}} Jeffreys Bay | inheemse_naam = | nedersetting_tipe = [[Dorp]] | beeld_stadsilhoeët = | beeldbyskrif = | bynaam = J-Bay | slagspreuk = | beeld_kaart = | duimdrukkeretiketposisie=regs | latd = 34 |latm = 02 |lats = | longd = 24 |longm = 55 |longs = | provinsie = Oos-Kaap | distrik = Cacadu | munisipaliteit = Kouga | stigtingsdatum = [[1849]] | regeringvoetnotas = | regeringstipe = <!-- Wyknommer --> | leier_party = | leiertitel = <!-- Raadslid --> | leiernaam = | oppervlakvoetnotas = | oppervlak_totaal_km2 = | hoogte_m = | bevolking_totaal = | bevolking_soos_op = 2011 | bevolkingnota = <!-- demografie (deel 1) --> | demografie1_voetnotas = | persent_swart = 37.5% | persent_kleurling = 22.7% | persent_wit = 38.9% | persent_asiër = 0.2% | persent_ander = 0.7% <!-- demografie (deel 2) --> | demografie2_voetnotas = | demografie2_titel1 = [[Afrikaans]] | demografie2_info1 = 54.4% | demografie2_titel2 = [[Xhosa]] | demografie2_info2 = 28.8% | demografie2_titel3 = [[Engels]] | demografie2_info3 = 11.8% | demografie2_titel4 = | demografie2_info4 = | demografie2_titel5 = Ander | demografie2_info5 = 5.0% | poskode = 6330 | poskode2 = 6330 | skakelkode = 042 | sensuskode = 268009 | webwerf = }} [[Lêer:Moonlight Over The Sea (223535943).jpeg|duimnael|links|Maanlig oor die see]] [[Lêer:Catch a Wave, Eastern Cape (6252715087).jpg|duimnael|links|'n Branderplankryer]] [[Lêer:Jeffreys Bay Wind Farm (18952226922).jpg|duimnael|links|Die Jeffreysbaai-windplaas het 'n opwekkingskapasiteit van 138 MW]] '''Jeffreysbaai''' ([[Engels]]: ''Jeffreys Bay'' of ''J-Bay'') is 'n vakansiedorp in die suidwestelike [[Oos-Kaap]], [[Suid-Afrika]] wat bekendheid verwerf het as die land se gunstelingplek vir [[branderplankry]] waar ook internasionale wedstryde soos die ''Billabong Pro Surf Festival'' gehou word. Die Billabong-wedstryd is in 2013 vervang deur die'' JBay Open of Surfing'' as deel van die ''JB Winter Fest'' waarin musiek en sport sentraal staan. Na regs brekende ''Super tube''-golwe in Jeffreysbaai kan hoogtes van drie en lengtes van 800 meter bereik. Jeffreysbaai is 20&nbsp;km oos van [[Humansdorp]] en 50 km wes van [[Gqeberha]] geleë en val onder beheer van die [[Kouga Plaaslike Munisipaliteit]]. == Geskiedenis == Die dorp het ontstaan as 'n hawe en handelspos deur 'n [[walvis]]jagter, J.A. Jeffrey in 1849. Die Portugese ontdekkingsreisiger Manuel Perestrelo het in [[1575]] reeds hier geland. Gedurende die 1960's en 1970's het Jeffreysbaai 'n gunstelingplek vir aanhangers van die hippie-leefstyl geword.<ref>[https://www.southafrica.net/us/en/travel/article/get-your-board-out-and-surf-the-world-s-best-at-jefferys-bay ''southafrica.net: Jeffreys Bay. Besoek op 25 Junie 2020'']</ref> == Omgewing == Jeffreysbaai is internasionaal bekend vir branderplankryery, met betroubare golwe in die wintermaande tussen Mei en September wanneer sterk westewinde, die sogenaamde [[Roaring Forties]], waai. Internasionale kompetisies word gereeld hier gehou. Die baai is ook bekend vir sy skulpies. Die eenvertrek-Charlotte Kritzinger-skulpmuseum is hier gevestig, en met 600 soorte mossels uit alle oseane beskik dit oor een van die beste versamelings ter wêreld.<ref>Marion Boddy-Evans: ''1001 Moet-sien-plekke''. Kaapstad: Struik 2006, bl.243</ref> Dolfynstrand is as 'n [[blouvlagstrand]] gesertifiseer. == Galery == <gallery> Straand bie Jeffreysbaai2.JPG|Strandtoneel Jeffreys Bay-Christmas House-001.jpg|Kersfeesversierings JBay-Surfing at supertubes-001.jpg|'n Super tube </gallery> == Sien ook == * [[Gamtoosrivier]] * [[Kabeljousrivier]] * [[Lys van dorpe in Suid-Afrika]] == Verwysings == {{Verwysings}} ;Basisliteratuur ---- * [[Op Pad in Suid-Afrika]]. [[B.P.J. Erasmus]]. 1995. {{ISBN|1-86842-026-4}} == Eksterne skakels == ;Toerisme ---- * [http://www.jeffreysbaytourism.org/ Inligting oor Jeffreysbaai] {{Suid-Afrikaanse distriksmunisipaliteit navbox|DC10}} [[Kategorie:Nedersettings in die Oos-Kaap]] [[Kategorie:Toerisme in Suid-Afrika]] t4yb50ljiqbqv3yyx1jane82320py5m 0 56344 2917047 2893409 2026-07-11T23:04:13Z Gvdbdfdggd 210882 /* */ 2917047 wikitext text/x-wiki {| align="right" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid #88a; background:#CEDAF2; padding:5px; font-size: 85%; margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; border-collapse:collapse;" ! align="center" colspan="2" style="color: #000000; background: #f7f8ff; padding: 4px; font-size:170%;" | <span style="font-size:16pt">'''Incheon'''</span><br />인천광역시<br /> [[Lêer:Incheon montage 2015.PNG|280px]]<br /> |- style="background: #CEDAF2; text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #999" | '''Kaart''' |style="border-left:1px solid #999"| '''Wapen''' |- style="background:white" |rowspan=6| [[Lêer:Incheon-gwangyeoksi in South Korea.svg|180px|senter]] |- style="background: white" |style="border-left:1px solid #999"| [[Lêer:Emblem of Incheon.svg|75px|senter]] |- style="background: #f7f8ff;border-top:1px solid #999; text-align:center;" |style="border-left:1px solid #999"| |- style="background: #CEDAF2; text-align:center;" |style="border-left:1px solid #999;border-top:1px solid #999"| '''Vlag''' |- style="background: white; border-top:1px solid #999;" |style="border-left:1px solid #999"| [[Lêer:Flag of Incheon.svg|90px|raam|senter]] |- style="background: #f7f8ff; border-top:1px solid #999; text-align:center;" |style="border-left:1px solid #999"| |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |&nbsp;'''Land''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | {{vlagland|Suid-Korea}} |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |&nbsp;'''Streek''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | Sudogwon |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |&nbsp;'''Koördinate''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | {{Koördinate|37|29|N|126|38|O}} |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |&nbsp;'''Stigting''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | 1883 |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |&nbsp;'''Oppervlakte:''' | style="background: #f7f8ff" | &nbsp; |- | &nbsp;- Totaal | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | 1&nbsp;062,63 [[vierkante kilometer|vk km]] |- | &nbsp;'''Hoogte bo seevlak''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | 15 m |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |- |&nbsp;'''Bevolking:''' | style="background: #f7f8ff" | &nbsp; |- | &nbsp;- Totaal (2020) | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | 2&nbsp;954&nbsp;955 |- | &nbsp;- Bevolkingsdigtheid | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | 2&nbsp;800/vk km |- |&nbsp;'''Tydsone''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | [[UTC+9]] (KST) |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |- |&nbsp;'''Burgemeester''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | Park Nam-choon |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |&nbsp;'''Amptelike webwerf''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | [https://www.incheon.go.kr/ ''incheon.go.kr''] |} '''Incheon''' ([[Koreaans]]: 인천, [intɕʰʌ̹n], letterlik: "vriendelike rivier"), amptelik die '''Metropolitaanse Stad Incheon''' (인천광역시), is die derde grootste [[stad]] na die hoofstad [[Seoel]] en [[Busan]] in die noorde van [[Suid-Korea]] en is in die weste van die [[Korea|Koreaanse Skiereiland]] geleë. Die stad het 'n bevolking van 2&nbsp;954&nbsp;955 in 2020 gehad en beslaan 'n oppervlakte van 1&nbsp;062,63&nbsp;km². [[Lêer:Jinsen map circa 1930.PNG|duimnael|links|Kaart van Incheon in 1930]] Die stad is aan die [[Geelsee]] geleë en grens in die noorde aan [[Noord-Korea]]. Dit is die belangrikste lughawestad van Suid-Korea en huisves die reuse [[Incheon Internasionale Lughawe]], wat die hoofstad Seoel bedien. Die lughawe het 'n gholfbaan, 'n spa, private slaapkamers, ysskaatsbaan, 'n kasino, binnenshuise tuine en 'n museum van die Koreaanse kultuur. Dit was een van die gasheerstede tydens die [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2002]] wat [[Japan]] en Suid-Korea saam aangebied het. == Eksterne skakels == {{CommonsKategorie-inlyn}} * {{en}} {{Wikivoyage}} * {{ko}} [https://www.incheon.go.kr/ Amptelike webwerf] * {{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Incheon|title=Incheon|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|accessdate=10 Julie 2025}} {{Korea-saadjie}} {{Normdata}} [[Kategorie:Kusstede]] [[Kategorie:Nedersettings in Suid-Korea]] fmajcz4syh2uxzrw9522tu02nvlkz6k 0 56345 2917051 2893410 2026-07-11T23:07:01Z Gvdbdfdggd 210882 /* */ 2917051 wikitext text/x-wiki {| align="right" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid #88a; background:#CEDAF2; padding:5px; font-size: 85%; margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; border-collapse:collapse;" ! align="center" colspan="2" style="color: #000000; background: #f7f8ff; padding: 4px; font-size:170%;" | <span style="font-size:16pt">'''Daegu'''</span><br />대구광역시<br /> [[Lêer:Daegu montage.png|280px]]<br /> |- style="background: #CEDAF2; text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #999" | '''Kaart''' |style="border-left:1px solid #999"| '''Wapen''' |- style="background:white" |rowspan=6| [[Lêer:Daegu-gwangyeoksi in South Korea.svg|180px|senter]] |- style="background: white" |style="border-left:1px solid #999"| [[Lêer:Symbol of Daegu.svg|75px|senter]] |- style="background: #f7f8ff;border-top:1px solid #999; text-align:center;" |style="border-left:1px solid #999"| |- style="background: #CEDAF2; text-align:center;" |style="border-left:1px solid #999;border-top:1px solid #999"| '''Vlag''' |- style="background: white; border-top:1px solid #999;" |style="border-left:1px solid #999"| [[Lêer:Flag of Daegu.svg|90px|senter]] |- style="background: #f7f8ff; border-top:1px solid #999; text-align:center;" |style="border-left:1px solid #999"| |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |&nbsp;'''Land''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | {{vlagland|Suid-Korea}} |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |&nbsp;'''Streek''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | Yeongnam |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |&nbsp;'''Koördinate''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | {{Koördinate|35|52|N|128|36|O}} |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |&nbsp;'''Stigting''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | 757 |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |&nbsp;'''Oppervlakte:''' | style="background: #f7f8ff" | &nbsp; |- | &nbsp;- Totaal | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" |1&nbsp;499,51 [[vierkante kilometer|vk km]] |- | &nbsp;'''Hoogte bo seevlak''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | 106 m |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |- |&nbsp;'''Bevolking:''' | style="background: #f7f8ff" | &nbsp; |- | &nbsp;- Totaal (2022) | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | 2&nbsp;366&nbsp;852 |- | &nbsp;- Bevolkingsdigtheid | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | 2&nbsp;730/vk km |- |&nbsp;'''Tydsone''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | [[UTC+9]] (KST) |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |- |&nbsp;'''Burgemeester''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | Kwon Young-jin |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |&nbsp;'''Amptelike webwerf''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | [https://www.daegu.go.kr/ ''daegu.go.kr''] |} [[Lêer:Daegu dalseongdo.jpg|duimnael|links|Daegu in die 18de eeu]] '''Daegu''' ([[Koreaans]]: 대구, [tɛ̝.ɡu], letterlik: "groot heuwel"), amptelik die '''Metropolitaanse Stad Daegu''' (대구광역시), is die vierde grootste stad na die hoofstad [[Seoel]], [[Busan]] en [[Incheon]] in die suide van [[Suid-Korea]] en is in die suide van die [[Korea|Koreaanse Skiereiland]] geleë. Die stad het 'n bevolking van 2&nbsp;366&nbsp;852 in 2022 gehad en beslaan 'n oppervlakte van 1&nbsp;499,51&nbsp;km². Daegu is die belangrikste administratiewe, politiese en ekonomiese sentrum in die suide. Dit was een van die gasheerstede tydens beide die [[FIFA Sokker-Konfederasiebeker in 2001]] en [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2002]] wat [[Japan]] en Suid-Korea saam aangebied het. == Eksterne skakels == {{CommonsKategorie-inlyn}} * {{en}} {{Wikivoyage}} * {{ko}} [https://www.daegu.go.kr/ Amptelike webwerf] * {{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Daegu|title=Daegu|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|accessdate=10 Julie 2025}} {{Korea-saadjie}} {{Normdata}} [[Kategorie:Nedersettings in Suid-Korea]] mzdd8kth0m5d7ylyu8ghwm85j3ipfm6 0 66384 2917048 2893411 2026-07-11T23:04:55Z Gvdbdfdggd 210882 /* */ 2917048 wikitext text/x-wiki {| align="right" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid #88a; background:#CEDAF2; padding:5px; font-size: 85%; margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; border-collapse:collapse;" ! align="center" colspan="2" style="color: #000000; background: #f7f8ff; padding: 4px; font-size:170%;" | <span style="font-size:16pt">'''Daejeon'''</span><br />대전광역시<br /> [[Lêer:Daejeon montage.png|280px]]<br /> |- style="background: #CEDAF2; text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #999" | '''Kaart''' |style="border-left:1px solid #999"| '''Wapen''' |- style="background:white" |rowspan=6| [[Lêer:Daejeon-gwangyeoksi in South Korea.svg|180px|senter]] |- style="background: white" |style="border-left:1px solid #999"| [[Lêer:Emblem of Daejeon.svg|75px|senter]] |- style="background: #f7f8ff;border-top:1px solid #999; text-align:center;" |style="border-left:1px solid #999"| |- style="background: #CEDAF2; text-align:center;" |style="border-left:1px solid #999;border-top:1px solid #999"| '''Vlag''' |- style="background: white; border-top:1px solid #999;" |style="border-left:1px solid #999"| [[Lêer:Flag of Daejeon.svg|90px|senter]] |- style="background: #f7f8ff; border-top:1px solid #999; text-align:center;" |style="border-left:1px solid #999"| |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |&nbsp;'''Land''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | {{vlagland|Suid-Korea}} |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |&nbsp;'''Streek''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | Hoseo |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |&nbsp;'''Koördinate''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | {{Koördinate|36|21|N|127|23|O}} |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |&nbsp;'''Stigting''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | 1895 |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |&nbsp;'''Oppervlakte:''' | style="background: #f7f8ff" | &nbsp; |- | &nbsp;- Totaal | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | 539,85 [[vierkante kilometer|vk km]] |- | &nbsp;'''Hoogte bo seevlak''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | m |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |- |&nbsp;'''Bevolking:''' | style="background: #f7f8ff" | &nbsp; |- | &nbsp;- Totaal (2022) | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | 1&nbsp;469&nbsp;543 |- | &nbsp;- Bevolkingsdigtheid | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | 2&nbsp;700/vk km |- |&nbsp;'''Tydsone''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | [[UTC+9]] (KST) |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |- |&nbsp;'''Burgemeester''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | Heo Tae-jeong |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |&nbsp;'''Amptelike webwerf''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | [https://www.daejeon.go.kr/ ''daejeon.go.kr''] |} [[Lêer:Hoedeok 1872.png|duimnael|links|Daejeon (Heodeok) in 1872]] '''Daejeon''' ([[Koreaans]]: 대전, [tɛd͡ʑʌn], {{Audio|Ko-대전.oga|luister}}, letterlik: "groot veld"), amptelik die '''Metropolitaanse Stad Daejeon''' (대전광역시), is die vyfde grootste stad na die hoofstad [[Seoel]], [[Busan]], [[Incheon]] en [[Daegu]] in die weste van [[Suid-Korea]] en is in die suidweste van die [[Korea|Koreaanse Skiereiland]] geleë. Die stad het 'n bevolking van 1&nbsp;469&nbsp;543 in 2022 gehad en beslaan 'n oppervlakte van 539,85&nbsp;km². Daejeon was tydens die [[Korea-oorlog]] tydelik die hoofstad van Suid-Korea en was grootliks vernietig. Ná die oorlog het egter 'n groot herboufase vir die stad begin. Dit was een van die gasheerstede tydens die [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2002]] wat [[Japan]] en Suid-Korea saam aangebied het. == Eksterne skakels == {{CommonsKategorie-inlyn}} * {{en}} {{Wikivoyage}} * {{ko}} [https://www.daejeon.go.kr/ Amptelike webwerf] * {{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Daejeon|title=Daejeon|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|accessdate=10 Julie 2025}} {{Korea-saadjie}} {{Normdata}} [[Kategorie:Nedersettings in Suid-Korea]] a7btpiaw1f10t6vcp2xcswkuqib5y1a 0 66390 2917052 2893414 2026-07-11T23:08:03Z Gvdbdfdggd 210882 /* */ 2917052 wikitext text/x-wiki {| align="right" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid #88a; background:#CEDAF2; padding:5px; font-size: 85%; margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; border-collapse:collapse;" ! align="center" colspan="2" style="color: #000000; background: #f7f8ff; padding: 4px; font-size:170%;" | <span style="font-size:16pt">'''Gwangju'''</span><br />광주광역시<br /> [[Lêer:Gwangju montage.png|280px]]<br /> |- style="background: #CEDAF2; text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #999" | '''Kaart''' |style="border-left:1px solid #999"| '''Wapen''' |- style="background:white" |rowspan=6| [[Lêer:Gwangju in South Korea 2023.svg|180px|senter]] |- style="background: white" |style="border-left:1px solid #999"| [[Lêer:Emblem of Gwangju.svg|75px|senter]] |- style="background: #f7f8ff;border-top:1px solid #999; text-align:center;" |style="border-left:1px solid #999"| |- style="background: #CEDAF2; text-align:center;" |style="border-left:1px solid #999;border-top:1px solid #999"| '''Vlag''' |- style="background: white; border-top:1px solid #999;" |style="border-left:1px solid #999"| [[Lêer:Flag of Gwangju.svg|90px|raam|senter]] |- style="background: #f7f8ff; border-top:1px solid #999; text-align:center;" |style="border-left:1px solid #999"| |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |&nbsp;'''Land''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | {{vlagland|Suid-Korea}} |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |&nbsp;'''Streek''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | Honam |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |&nbsp;'''Koördinate''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | {{Koördinate|35|10|N|126|55|O}} |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |&nbsp;'''Stigting''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | [[57 v.C.]] |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |&nbsp;'''Oppervlakte:''' | style="background: #f7f8ff" | &nbsp; |- | &nbsp;- Totaal | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | 501,24 [[vierkante kilometer|vk km]] |- | &nbsp;'''Hoogte bo seevlak''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | m |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |- |&nbsp;'''Bevolking:''' | style="background: #f7f8ff" | &nbsp; |- | &nbsp;- Totaal (2018) | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | 1&nbsp;490&nbsp;092 |- | &nbsp;- Bevolkingsdigtheid | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | 3&nbsp;000/vk km |- |&nbsp;'''Tydsone''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | [[UTC]] +9 (KST) |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |- |&nbsp;'''Burgemeester''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | Lee Yong-seop |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |&nbsp;'''Amptelike webwerf''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | [https://www.gwangju.go.kr/ ''gwangju.go.kr''] |} [[Lêer:Gwangju city - view apts.jpg|duimnael|links|'n Lugbeeld van Gwangju]] '''Gwangju''' ([[Koreaans]]: 광주, [kwaŋ.dzu], {{Audio|Ko-광주.oga|luister}}), amptelik die '''Metropolitaanse Stad Gwangju''' (광주광역시), is die sesde grootste stad na die hoofstad [[Seoel]], [[Busan]], [[Incheon]], [[Daegu]] en [[Daejeon]] in die suidweste van [[Suid-Korea]] en is in die suidweste van die [[Korea|Koreaanse Skiereiland]] geleë. Die stad het 'n bevolking van 1&nbsp;490&nbsp;092 in 2019 gehad en beslaan 'n oppervlakte van 501,24&nbsp;km². Die stad is in [[57 v.C.]] gestig en was tydens die [[Drie koninkryke van Korea]] die administratiewe sentrum van die Baekje-ryk. Dit was een van die gasheerstede tydens die [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2002]] wat [[Japan]] en Suid-Korea saam aangebied het. == Eksterne skakels == {{CommonsKategorie-inlyn}} * {{en}} {{Wikivoyage}} * {{ko}} [https://www.gwangju.go.kr/ Amptelike webwerf] * {{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Gwangju|title=Gwangju|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|accessdate=10 Julie 2025}} {{Korea-saadjie}} {{Normdata}} [[Kategorie:Nedersettings in Suid-Korea]] moqveva8pnozu43hevu3zvmtshp55cb 0 66398 2917050 2893413 2026-07-11T23:06:28Z Gvdbdfdggd 210882 /* */ 2917050 wikitext text/x-wiki {| align="right" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid #88a; background:#CEDAF2; padding:5px; font-size: 85%; margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; border-collapse:collapse;" ! align="center" colspan="2" style="color: #000000; background: #f7f8ff; padding: 4px; font-size:170%;" | <span style="font-size:16pt">'''Ulsan'''</span><br />울산광역시<br /> [[Lêer:Nam-gu Ulsan.JPG|280px]]<br /> |- style="background: #CEDAF2; text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #999" | '''Kaart''' |style="border-left:1px solid #999"| '''Wapen''' |- style="background:white" |rowspan=6| [[Lêer:Ulsan in South Korea 2023.svg|180px|senter]] |- style="background: white" |style="border-left:1px solid #999"| [[Lêer:Emblem of Ulsan.svg|75px|senter]] |- style="background: #f7f8ff;border-top:1px solid #999; text-align:center;" |style="border-left:1px solid #999"| |- style="background: #CEDAF2; text-align:center;" |style="border-left:1px solid #999;border-top:1px solid #999"| '''Vlag''' |- style="background: white; border-top:1px solid #999;" |style="border-left:1px solid #999"| [[Lêer:Flag of Ulsan.svg|90px|raam|senter]] |- style="background: #f7f8ff; border-top:1px solid #999; text-align:center;" |style="border-left:1px solid #999"| |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |&nbsp;'''Land''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | {{vlagland|Suid-Korea}} |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |&nbsp;'''Streek''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | Yeongnam |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |&nbsp;'''Koördinate''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | {{Koördinate|35|33|N|129|19|O}} |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |&nbsp;'''Stigting''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | 1642 |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |&nbsp;'''Oppervlakte:''' | style="background: #f7f8ff" | &nbsp; |- | &nbsp;- Totaal | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | 1&nbsp;057,136 [[vierkante kilometer|vk km]] |- | &nbsp;'''Hoogte bo seevlak''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | 1 m |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |- |&nbsp;'''Bevolking:''' | style="background: #f7f8ff" | &nbsp; |- | &nbsp;- Totaal (2015) | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | 1&nbsp;199&nbsp;717 |- | &nbsp;- Bevolkingsdigtheid | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | 1&nbsp;000/vk km |- |&nbsp;'''Tydsone''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | [[UTC]] +9 (KST) |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |- |&nbsp;'''Burgemeester''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | Song Cheol-ho |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |&nbsp;'''Amptelike webwerf''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | [https://www.ulsan.go.kr/ ''ulsan.go.kr''] |} [[Lêer:Taehwa River from Hotel Riverside Ulsan.jpg|duimnael|links|Ulsan se stadshorison met die Taehwa-rivier in die voorgrond]] '''Ulsan''' ([[Koreaans]]: 울산, [uɭ.s͈an]), amptelik die '''Metropolitaanse Stad Ulsan''' (울산광역시), is die agtste grootste [[stad]] na die hoofstad [[Seoel]], [[Busan]], [[Incheon]], [[Daegu]], [[Daejeon]], [[Gwangju]] en [[Suwon]] in die suidweste van [[Suid-Korea]] en is in die suidweste van die [[Korea|Koreaanse Skiereiland]] geleë. Die stad het 'n bevolking van 1&nbsp;199&nbsp;717 in 2015 gehad en beslaan 'n oppervlakte van 1&nbsp;057,136&nbsp;km². Dit grens in die suide aan [[Busan]] en in die noorde aan Gyeongju. Dit was een van die gasheerstede tydens beide die [[FIFA Sokker-Konfederasiebeker in 2001]] en [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2002]] wat [[Japan]] en Suid-Korea saam aangebied het. == Nywerhede == [[Lêer:Ulsan 129.30972E 35.52012N.jpg|duimnael|links|[[Nasa]]-satellietbeeld van Ulsan]] [[Lêer:Ulsan Central market entrance.jpg|duimnael|links|Ingang na die Ulsan Sentrale mark]] Ulsan is die nywerheidsreus van Suid-Korea, wat die hart vorm van Ulsan se industriële distrik. Dit is die tuiste van die wêreld se grootste motorvervaardigingsaanleg wat deur die [[Hyundai Motormaatskappy]] bedryf word,<ref name="yonhapnews.co.kr">{{ko}} [http://www.yonhapnews.co.kr/society/2010/01/11/0706000000AKR20100111098900057.HTML?template=2086 연합뉴스 : 바른언론 빠른뉴스]. Yonhapnews.co.kr (16 Oktober 2009). Besoek op 12 Julie 2013.</ref> die wêreld se grootste skeepswerf wat deur Hyundai Heavy Industries bedryf word,<ref name="ohmynews.com">{{ko}} [http://www.ohmynews.com/NWS_Web/view/at_pg.aspx?CNTN_CD=A0001214440 천혜 절경 바닷가가 세계 최대 조선소로 변모 - 오마이뉴스]. Ohmynews.com (18 Januarie 2013). Besoek op 12 Julie 2013.</ref> en die wêreld se tweede grootste olieraffinadery, wat deur SK Energy besit word.<ref name="pda.ulsan.go.kr">{{en}} http://pda.ulsan.go.kr/Common/Detail.neo?id=U0010711 {{dooie skakel}}</ref> Ulsan is aan die [[See van Japan]] geleë en beskik oor Suid-Korea se tweede belangrikste hawe ná die van Busan. In 2012 het Ulsan 'n BBP per capita van $79&nbsp;623 gehad, die hoogste van enige streek in Suid-Korea. == Administratiewe afdelings == Ulsan word in vier administratiewe distrikte ''(gu)'' en een ''county'' verdeel: * Buk Distrik (북구; 北區) * Dong Distrik (동구; 東區) * Jung Distrik (중구; 中區) * Nam Distrik (남구; 南區) * Ulju County (울주군; 蔚州郡) == Verwysings == {{Verwysings}} == Eksterne skakels == {{CommonsKategorie}} * {{en}} {{Wikivoyage}} * {{ko}} [https://www.ulsan.go.kr/ Amptelike webwerf] * {{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Ulsan|title=Ulsan|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|accessdate=10 Julie 2025}} {{Normdata}} [[Kategorie:Kusstede]] [[Kategorie:Nedersettings in Suid-Korea]] qow9212uzgw4k5py6hdzs93jrmrz5fd 0 84647 2917005 2631270 2026-07-11T14:15:16Z Aliwal2012 39067 2917005 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="float:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em;font-size:90%;clear:right;" cellspacing="5" |+ style="text-align:center; font-size:larger;" | '''United Airlines'''<br /> |- | colspan="2" style="padding-bottom:1em;text-align:center;" | [[Lêer:United Airlines Boeing 777-200 Meulemans.jpg|duimnael|300px|'n [[Boeing 777]]-200 van United Airlines]] |- | style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;" | '''IATA:''' | style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | UA |- | style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;" | '''ICAO:''' | style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | UAL |- | style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;" | '''Roepsein:''' | style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | UNITED |- | style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;" | '''Gestig:''' | style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" |1934 |- | style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;" | '''Ondernemingsvorm:''' | style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | Aandelemaatskappy |- | style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;" | '''Hoofkwartier:''' | style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]] |- | style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;" | '''Hooflughawe:''' | style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | George Bush<br />Interkontinentale Lughawe |- | style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;" | '''President:''' | style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | Oscar Munoz |- | style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;" | '''Voorsitter:''' | style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | Henry L. Meyer III |- | style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;" | '''Werknemers:''' | style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | 86 000 (2016) |- | style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;" | '''Alliansie:''' | style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | Star Alliance |- | style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;" | '''Bestemmings:''' | style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | 342 |- | style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;" | '''Vloot:''' | style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | 721 vliegtuie |- | style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;" | '''Webtuiste:''' | style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" | http://www.united.com/ |} '''United Airlines''' is 'n groot Amerikaanse [[lugredery]] met sy hoofkwartier in [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]].<ref>[https://sites.google.com/site/unitedfleetsite/mainline-fleet-tracking United se vloot]</ref><ref>[http://www.united.com/web/en-us/content/travel/destination/routes/served.aspx Bestemmings bedien.] United Airlines amptelike statistiek.</ref> United is 'n volfiliaal van die "United Continental Holdings" ná 'n VS$3 miljard samesmelting in 2010. <ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/28/business/28air.html United-Continental samesmelting]</ref> die lugredery is voorheen besit deur die [[Boeing|Boeing Company]], een van die wêreld se grootste vliegtuigvervaardigers. Sedert sy samesmelting met Continental Airlines, spog die maatskappy met meer passasierskilometers as enige ander lugredery in die wêreld.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ir.unitedcontinentalholdings.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=83680&p=quarterlyearnings |title=United Continental Quarterly Earnings |access-date= 5 Februarie 2014 |archive-date=27 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927122111/http://ir.unitedcontinentalholdings.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=83680&p=quarterlyearnings |url-status=dead }}</ref> United bedryf uit 10 lugrederyspille (Cleveland is in Junie 2014 gestaak) op die kontinentale [[Verenigde State van Amerika]], [[Guam]], en [[Japan]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://newsroom.unitedcontinentalholdings.com/index.php?s=20306&item=29970%2F |title=United Continental Holdings |access-date=29 Desember 2021 |archive-date= 3 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403185130/http://newsroom.unitedcontinentalholdings.com/index.php?s=20306&item=29970%2F |url-status=dead }}</ref> Die [[George Bush Interkontinentale Lughawe]] in [[Houston]] is United se grootste passasierspilpunt en hanteer 16,6 miljoen passasiers jaarliks ​​met 'n gemiddeld van 45&nbsp;413 passasiers daagliks.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://newsroom.unitedcontinentalholdings.com/index.php?s=20306&item=29970 |title=Airport Fact Sheets, Houston George Bush Intercontinental Airport |publisher=United Airlines |date=1 Desember 2013 |accessdate= |archive-date= 2 Januarie 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102192541/http://newsroom.unitedcontinentalholdings.com/index.php?s=20306&item=29970 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Die maatskappy het meer as 88&nbsp;500 persone in diens met sy hoofkantoor in Chicago se Willistoring (voorheen bekend as Sears Tower).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.chicagoarchitecture.info/Building/375/The-Willis-Tower.php |title=Willis Tower - Chicago Architecture |access-date= 5 Februarie 2014 |archive-date= 4 Julie 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140704102149/http://www.chicagoarchitecture.info/Building/375/The-Willis-Tower.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> Die lugredery se moedermaatskappy, United Continental Holdings, verhandel op die beurs onder NYSE:UAL en het 'n markkapitalisasie van meer as VS$10.5 miljard soos op 31 Oktober 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wkrb13.com/markets/219751/traders-purchase-high-volume-of-united-continental-holdings-put-options-ual/ |title=Traders Purchase UAL - WKRB |access-date= 5 Februarie 2014 |archive-date=16 Oktober 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016102638/http://www.wkrb13.com/markets/219751/traders-purchase-high-volume-of-united-continental-holdings-put-options-ual/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> United se vernaamste mededingers in die plaaslike Amerikaanse mark is [[Delta Air Lines]] en [[American Airlines]]. {{Commons category|United Airlines}} == Verwysings == {{Verwysings}} {{en-vertaal|United Airlines}} [[Kategorie:Amerikaanse maatskappye]] [[Kategorie:Lugrederye]] e1tljrr68mzmxn3ivynwnb3mhrp2585 0 92692 2916994 2887754 2026-07-11T13:29:50Z Aliwal2012 39067 /* 2012 stakings sonder vakbondleiers se magtiging */ 2916994 wikitext text/x-wiki Die '''National Union of Mineworkers''' (NUM) is 'n [[vakbond]] in [[Suid-Afrika]]. Die vakbond is in 1982 gestig en het vinnig gegroei. In 1983 bekom hulle bedingingsmagte in die Kamer van Mynwese. Met 'n lidmaatskap van 300&nbsp;000 is dit die grootste filiaal van [[COSATU]]. NUM het in die 1980's 'n suksesvolle veldtog geloods om 'n einde aan werkreservering te bring, 'n stelsel wat sekere werke aan [[Blanke Suid-Afrikaners|blankes]] toevertrou het. NUM is internasionaal met die International Federation of Chemical, Energy, Mine and General Workers' Unions geaffilieer. ==Geskiedenis== Die vakbond is in 1982 gestig as 'n swart mynwerkersvakbond, op inisiatief van die Raad van Vakbonde van Suid-Afrika. Sy eerste leier was [[Cyril Ramaphosa]], onder wie dit vinnig gegroei het en in 1983 bedingingserkenning van die Kamer van Mynwese verwerf het.<ref name="Pretorius">{{cite book | title=A History of South Africa: From the Distant Past to the Present Day | publisher=Protea Book House | author=Pretorius, Fransjohan | year=2014 | location=Hatsfield, Pretoria | isbn=978-1-86919-908-1}}</ref>{{rp|51}} NUM het in die 1980's suksesvol beywer vir die einde van die werkreserveringstelsel, 'n stelsel wat verseker het dat die besbetaalde poste aan blankes toegeken word. Die vakbond was 'n stigtersfiliaal van die [[Congress of South African Trade Unions]] in 1985.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sweet Food and Allied Workers Union (SFAWU) |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/sweet-food-and-allied-workers-union-sfawu |website=South African History Online |access-date=14 Maart 2021}}</ref> In 2001 het dit die Construction and Allied Workers' Union geabsorbeer,<ref>{{cite news |title=Size counts |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2001-01-12-size-counts/ |access-date=14 March 2021 |work=Mail & Guardian |date=12 Januarie 2001}}</ref> terwyl daar in 2019 aangekondig is dat dit binnekort die Liberated Metalworkers' Union of South Africa sou absorbeer.<ref>{{cite news |title=Metalworkers’ union Limusa and miners’ union NUM to merge in bid by Cosatu to strengthen them |url=https://salabournews.co.za/52166-metalworkers-union-limusa-and-miners-union-num-to-merge-in-bid-by-cosatu-to-strengthen-them |access-date=19 Maart 2021 |work=The Star |date=3 September 2019 }}{{Dooie skakel|date=Maart 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == 2007-staking == Op 4 Desember 2007 het die unie 'n staking uitgeroep om teen gevaarlike werksomstandighede in Suid-Afrikaanse myne te protesteer. Die staking is aangespoor deur 'n styging in sterftes van 2006 na 2007, ten spyte van die regering se plan in Oktober om sterftes te verminder. Minder as 5% van die mynwerkers het op dié dag vir werk opgedaag.<ref>http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/11AF1913-30B2-42C7-8BFA-406CF0412E81.htm</ref> ==2012 stakings sonder vakbondleiers se magtiging== [[Lêer:COSATU rally.JPG|links|duimnael|NUM-pamflet wat 'n algemene saamtrek naby [[Matlosana Plaaslike Munisipaliteit|Matlosana]] versoek.]] ''Hoofartikel'': [[Marikana-slagting]] Op 10 Augustus 2012 het duisende NUM-lede 'n reeks onwettige stakings by Lonmin se Marikana-myne begin wat gekoppel is aan eise vir hoër salarisse. Die volgende dag het NUM-leiers na bewering skote afgevuur toe stakende NUM-lede na hul kantore opgeruk het om ondersteuning van hul vakbond te eis - 'n voorval wat nou as die eerste gewelddadige voorval tydens die stakings erken word.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2012-10-12-marikana-prequel-num-and-the-murders-that-started-it-all|title=Marikana Prequel - NUM and the murders that started it all|date=12 Oktober 2012|publisher=Daily Maverick}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://links.org.au/node/3002|title=South Africa: Marikana massacre – a turning point?|date=27 Augustus 2012|publisher=Links}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.iol.co.za/news/special-features/mining-crisis/num-shot-at-us-witness-1.1394465#.UG_HWWYhz_g|title=NUM shot at us - witness|date=2 Oktober 2012|publisher=Independent Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://mg.co.za/article/2012-10-22-lonmin-caused-problem-at-marikana-say-police/|title=NUM: Lethal force ahead of Marikana shootings was justified|first=Kwanele|last=Sosibo|website=Mg.co.za|access-date=10 Augustus 2018|date=22 Oktober 2012}}</ref> Daar word in die [[Media (kommunikasie)|media]] gesê dat die [[moord]] op twee stakende mynwerkers 'n sentrale rede was vir die verbrokkeling in vertroue binne die vakbond onder werkers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2012-10-12-marikana-prequel-num-and-the-murders-that-started-it-all|title=Marikana prequel: NUM and the murders that started it all - Daily Maverick|first=Jared|last=Sacks|website=Dailymaverick.co.za|access-date=10 Augustus 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.iol.co.za/business/opinion/marikana-20-years-in-the-making-1.1407448#.UIatcRLJX_j|title=Marikana 20 years in the making|date=21 Oktober 2012|publisher=Business Report|access-date=23 Oktober 2012}}</ref> In 'n voorlegging aan die Farlam-kommissie het NUM gesê dat dodelike geweld op hierdie dag geregverdig was.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mg.co.za/article/2012-10-22-lonmin-caused-problem-at-marikana-say-police|title=NUM: Lethal force ahead of Marikana shootings was justified|first=Kwanele|last=Sosibo|website=Mg.co.za|access-date=10 Augustus 2018|date=22 Oktober 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timeslive.co.za/local/2012/10/22/marikana-inquiry-updates-22-october-2012|title=TimesLIVE|website=Timeslive.co.za|access-date=10 Augustus 2018}}{{Dooie skakel|date=November 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Daar word beraam dat tussen 12 en 14 Augustus ongeveer nege mense (minstens vier mynwerkers, twee polisiebeamptes en twee veiligheidswagte) in die gebied rondom [[Marikana]] dood is - alhoewel daar teenstrydige verslae is oor wie wie tydens hierdie voorvalle vermoor het.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://mg.co.za/article/2012-10-22-miners-killed-like-possessed-vermin-says-lawyer/|title=Miners killed like possessed vermin|date=23 Oktober 2012|publisher=Mail & Guardian|access-date=23 Oktober 2012}}</ref><ref name="Tau">{{cite news|url=http://www.iol.co.za/news/crime-courts/cops-killed-as-conflict-spirals-at-lonmin-1.1361862|title=Cops killed as conflict spirals at Lonmin|first=Poloko|last=Tau|website=Iol.co.za|date=14 Augustus 2012|access-date=19 Augustus 2012}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-19245758 |title=South African platinum mine union riots 'kill nine' |publisher=BBC News |date=13 Augustus 2012 |access-date=17 Augustus 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.timeslive.co.za/local/2012/10/23/marikana-inquiry-updates-23-october-2012|title=Marikana inquiry updates|date=23 Oktober 2012|publisher=Times Live|access-date=23 Oktober 2012|archive-date= 3 Februarie 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203184508/http://www.timeslive.co.za/local/2012/10/23/marikana-inquiry-updates-23-october-2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> Die polisie het op 16 Augustus losgebrand op 'n groep mynwerkers wat op 'n koppie naby Nkaneng saamgedrom het, ten minste 34 mense is by Marikana dood, 78 is beseer en 259 is in hegtenis geneem.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/lonmin-massacre-a-timeline-1.1364646#.UC4vAKArKVI|title=Lonmin massacre: a timeline - IOL News|website=Iol.co.za|access-date=10 Augustus 2018}}</ref> Die mynwerkers het kapmesse gehad en het 'n versoek om te ontwapen geweier. Volgens COSATU het die polisie eers [[traangas]], waterkanonne gebruik en toe "lewendige ammunisie" gebruik.<ref>{{cite web|title=270 miners charged in co-workers' deaths|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2012/08/30/world/africa/south-africa-mine-violence/index.html?eref=edition|website=Edition.cnn.com|access-date=30 Augustus 2012}}</ref> Die sterftes is deur die media as 'n bloedbad bestempel met die polisie, Lonmin en NUM self wat die skuld gekry het.<ref>{{cite web|title=Strike until NUM leaders step down, Malema tells SA's miners|url=http://mg.co.za/article/2012-09-11-malema-calls-for-frans-balenis-head/index.html?eref=edition|website=Ng.co.za|access-date=10 Augustus 2018|archive-date=10 Augustus 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180810173429/http://mg.co.za/article/2012-09-11-malema-calls-for-frans-balenis-head/index.html?eref=edition|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=SAPS blames Lonmin for Marikana strikers deaths|url=http://www.bdlive.co.za/national/2012/10/23/saps-blames-lonmin-for-marikana-strikers-deaths|publisher=Business Day|access-date= 9 Januarie 2023|archive-date= 7 Desember 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207011249/http://www.bdlive.co.za/national/2012/10/23/saps-blames-lonmin-for-marikana-strikers-deaths|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Finger pointing key at Marikana inquiry|url=http://www.iol.co.za/business/companies/finger-pointing-key-at-marikana-inquiry-1.1409069#.UIlb1hLJX_g|website=Iol.co.za|access-date=10 Augustus 2018}}</ref> Onthullings oor die voorval wat begin met akademiese ondersoeke en daarna opgevolg deur beriggewing deur Greg Marinovich<ref>{{cite news|url=http://dailymaverick.co.za/article/2012-08-30-the-murder-fields-of-marikana-the-cold-murder-fields-of-marikana|title=The murder fields of Marikana. The cold murder fields of Marikana.|date=8 September 2012|publisher=Daily Maverick|access-date=25 Oktober 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120830150415/http://dailymaverick.co.za/article/2012-08-30-the-murder-fields-of-marikana-the-cold-murder-fields-of-marikana|archive-date=30 Augustus 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> het getoon dat die meeste van die sterftes buite kameradekking gebeur het etlike minute nadat sommige van die sterftes op televisiefilm opgeneem is. Volgens die ''[[New York Times]]'', het Frans Baleni, hoofsekretaris van die NUM, die polisie verdedig in 'n onderhoud met Kaya FM, 'n radiostasie en gesê dat "Die polisie was geduldig, maar hierdie mense was swaar gewapen met gevaarlike wapens."<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/17/world/africa/south-african-police-fire-on-striking-miners.html?_r=1 Mine Strike Mayhem Stuns South Africa as Police Open Fire], Lydia Polgreen, ''The New York Times'', 16 Augustus 2012</ref> ==Verlies aan ondersteuning== Daar is aangevoer dat daar sederdien 'n uittog van lede uit NUM was.<ref>[http://www.miningmx.com/page/opinion/columnists/1598486-Ramaphosa-can-t-stop-exodus-from-the-NUM#.UZTAbKIyZvI Ramaphosa can't stop exodus from the NUM], Jan de Lange, ''Mining MX'', 6 Mei 2013,</ref> Volgens Justice Malala, wat in ''[[The Guardian]]'' skryf, "het die NUM alle geloofwaardigheid verloor en is besig om lede te bloei. Sy reeds goed betaalde sekretaris, Baleni, is verlede jaar 'n salarisverhoging van meer as 40% toegeken en sy totale salarispakket is net meer as R105 000 per maand. NUM-leiers het geweier om uit die polisie se gepantserde voertuie te klim om werkers toe te spreek."<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/aug/17/marikana-action-strike-poor-state-haves The Marikana action is a strike by the poor against the state and the haves], Justice Malala, ''The Guardian'', 17 Augustus 2012</ref> Ander het ook aangevoer dat NUM se ledegetalle opgeblaas is en nou as gevolg van die stakings in [[Noordwes]], staan sy ledetal waarskynlik op ongeveer 150 000.<ref>[http://dailymaverick.co.za/article/2012-10-24-a-num-sized-headache-and-no-one-else-to-blame A NUM sized headache and no one else to blame], Mandy de Waal, ''The Daily Maverick'', 24 Oktober 2012</ref> Ander het die organisasie geloof. 'n Hoofartikel in ''[[Business Day]]'' word gesê: "Die NUM is die deurdagte, oorwoë hart van die vakbondbeweging hier... Dit waardeer private kapitaal en sterk maatskappye."<ref>[http://www.bdlive.co.za/opinion/editorials/2012/08/17/editorial-a-failure-of-our-society-on-many-levels A failure of our society on many levels] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120820231151/http://www.bdlive.co.za/opinion/editorials/2012/08/17/editorial-a-failure-of-our-society-on-many-levels |date=20 Augustus 2012 }}, Editorial, ''Business Day'', 17 Augustus 2012</ref> Die mededingende vakbond die Association of Mineworkers and Construction Union (AMCU) het sedert die Marikana-skietery in ledetal toegeneem en verteenwoordig nou meer as 40% van werknemers by Amplats<ref name="MiningMX">{{cite news|title=Amcu seals place as top dog platinum union|url=http://www.miningmx.com/page/opinion/columnists/1539234-Amcu-seals-place-as-top-dog-platinum-union#.UZFY5EmjqVY|website=Miningmx.xom|access-date=10 Augustus 2018}}</ref> en 70% by Lonmin. <ref name="Destiny Man">{{cite news |title=Amcu and NUM face off on issues |url=http://www.destinyman.com/article/amcu-and-num-face-off-on-issues-2013-05-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130623135320/http://www.destinyman.com/article/amcu-and-num-face-off-on-issues-2013-05-13 |archive-date=23 Junie 2013}}</ref> ==Leierskap== === Algemene Sekretarisse === *1982: Cyril Ramaphosa *1991: [[Kgalema Motlanthe]] *1998: [[Gwede Mantashe]] *2006: Frans Baleni *2015: David Sipunzi *2022: William Mabapa === Presidente === *1982: James Motlatsi *2000: Senzeni Zokwana *2014: Piet Matosa *2018: Joseph Montisetse *2022: Daniel Balepile ==Verdere leeswerk== * {{cite book | year = 2005 | title = Trade Unions of the World | editor = ICTUR |display-editors=etal | edition = 6th | publisher = John Harper Publishing | location = London, UK | isbn = 0-9543811-5-7 }} == Verwysings == {{Verwysings|3}} == Eksterne skakels == * [http://www.num.org.za/ NUM se amptelike webtuiste] [[Kategorie:Suid-Afrikaanse vakbonde]] fuboob48eky8udupj7058l7u4vmhi4v 2916995 2916994 2026-07-11T13:37:00Z Aliwal2012 39067 /* 2012 stakings sonder vakbondleiers se magtiging */ 2916995 wikitext text/x-wiki Die '''National Union of Mineworkers''' (NUM) is 'n [[vakbond]] in [[Suid-Afrika]]. Die vakbond is in 1982 gestig en het vinnig gegroei. In 1983 bekom hulle bedingingsmagte in die Kamer van Mynwese. Met 'n lidmaatskap van 300&nbsp;000 is dit die grootste filiaal van [[COSATU]]. NUM het in die 1980's 'n suksesvolle veldtog geloods om 'n einde aan werkreservering te bring, 'n stelsel wat sekere werke aan [[Blanke Suid-Afrikaners|blankes]] toevertrou het. NUM is internasionaal met die International Federation of Chemical, Energy, Mine and General Workers' Unions geaffilieer. ==Geskiedenis== Die vakbond is in 1982 gestig as 'n swart mynwerkersvakbond, op inisiatief van die Raad van Vakbonde van Suid-Afrika. Sy eerste leier was [[Cyril Ramaphosa]], onder wie dit vinnig gegroei het en in 1983 bedingingserkenning van die Kamer van Mynwese verwerf het.<ref name="Pretorius">{{cite book | title=A History of South Africa: From the Distant Past to the Present Day | publisher=Protea Book House | author=Pretorius, Fransjohan | year=2014 | location=Hatsfield, Pretoria | isbn=978-1-86919-908-1}}</ref>{{rp|51}} NUM het in die 1980's suksesvol beywer vir die einde van die werkreserveringstelsel, 'n stelsel wat verseker het dat die besbetaalde poste aan blankes toegeken word. Die vakbond was 'n stigtersfiliaal van die [[Congress of South African Trade Unions]] in 1985.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sweet Food and Allied Workers Union (SFAWU) |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/sweet-food-and-allied-workers-union-sfawu |website=South African History Online |access-date=14 Maart 2021}}</ref> In 2001 het dit die Construction and Allied Workers' Union geabsorbeer,<ref>{{cite news |title=Size counts |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2001-01-12-size-counts/ |access-date=14 March 2021 |work=Mail & Guardian |date=12 Januarie 2001}}</ref> terwyl daar in 2019 aangekondig is dat dit binnekort die Liberated Metalworkers' Union of South Africa sou absorbeer.<ref>{{cite news |title=Metalworkers’ union Limusa and miners’ union NUM to merge in bid by Cosatu to strengthen them |url=https://salabournews.co.za/52166-metalworkers-union-limusa-and-miners-union-num-to-merge-in-bid-by-cosatu-to-strengthen-them |access-date=19 Maart 2021 |work=The Star |date=3 September 2019 }}{{Dooie skakel|date=Maart 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == 2007-staking == Op 4 Desember 2007 het die unie 'n staking uitgeroep om teen gevaarlike werksomstandighede in Suid-Afrikaanse myne te protesteer. Die staking is aangespoor deur 'n styging in sterftes van 2006 na 2007, ten spyte van die regering se plan in Oktober om sterftes te verminder. Minder as 5% van die mynwerkers het op dié dag vir werk opgedaag.<ref>http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/11AF1913-30B2-42C7-8BFA-406CF0412E81.htm</ref> ==2012 stakings sonder vakbondleiers se magtiging== [[Lêer:COSATU rally.JPG|links|duimnael|NUM-pamflet wat 'n algemene saamtrek naby [[Matlosana Plaaslike Munisipaliteit|Matlosana]] versoek.]] ''Hoofartikel'': [[Marikana-slagting]] Op 10 Augustus 2012 het duisende NUM-lede 'n reeks onwettige stakings by Lonmin se Marikana-myne begin wat gekoppel is aan eise vir hoër salarisse. Die volgende dag het NUM-leiers na bewering skote afgevuur toe stakende NUM-lede na hul kantore opgeruk het om ondersteuning van hul vakbond te eis - 'n voorval wat nou as die eerste gewelddadige voorval tydens die stakings erken word.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2012-10-12-marikana-prequel-num-and-the-murders-that-started-it-all|title=Marikana Prequel - NUM and the murders that started it all|date=12 Oktober 2012|publisher=Daily Maverick}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://links.org.au/node/3002|title=South Africa: Marikana massacre – a turning point?|date=27 Augustus 2012|publisher=Links}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.iol.co.za/news/special-features/mining-crisis/num-shot-at-us-witness-1.1394465#.UG_HWWYhz_g|title=NUM shot at us - witness|date=2 Oktober 2012|publisher=Independent Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://mg.co.za/article/2012-10-22-lonmin-caused-problem-at-marikana-say-police/|title=NUM: Lethal force ahead of Marikana shootings was justified|first=Kwanele|last=Sosibo|website=Mg.co.za|access-date=10 Augustus 2018|date=22 Oktober 2012}}</ref> Daar word in die [[Media (kommunikasie)|media]] gesê dat die [[moord]] op twee stakende mynwerkers 'n sentrale rede was vir die verbrokkeling in vertroue binne die vakbond onder werkers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2012-10-12-marikana-prequel-num-and-the-murders-that-started-it-all|title=Marikana prequel: NUM and the murders that started it all - Daily Maverick|first=Jared|last=Sacks|website=Dailymaverick.co.za|access-date=10 Augustus 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.iol.co.za/business/opinion/marikana-20-years-in-the-making-1.1407448#.UIatcRLJX_j|title=Marikana 20 years in the making|date=21 Oktober 2012|publisher=Business Report|access-date=23 Oktober 2012}}</ref> In 'n voorlegging aan die Farlam-kommissie het NUM gesê dat dodelike geweld op hierdie dag geregverdig was.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mg.co.za/article/2012-10-22-lonmin-caused-problem-at-marikana-say-police|title=NUM: Lethal force ahead of Marikana shootings was justified|first=Kwanele|last=Sosibo|website=Mg.co.za|access-date=10 Augustus 2018|date=22 Oktober 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timeslive.co.za/local/2012/10/22/marikana-inquiry-updates-22-october-2012|title=TimesLIVE|website=Timeslive.co.za|access-date=10 Augustus 2018}}{{Dooie skakel|date=November 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Daar word beraam dat tussen 12 en 14 Augustus ongeveer nege mense (minstens vier mynwerkers, twee polisiebeamptes en twee veiligheidswagte) in die gebied rondom [[Marikana]] dood is - alhoewel daar teenstrydige verslae is oor wie wie tydens hierdie voorvalle vermoor het.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://mg.co.za/article/2012-10-22-miners-killed-like-possessed-vermin-says-lawyer/|title=Miners killed like possessed vermin|date=23 Oktober 2012|publisher=Mail & Guardian|access-date=23 Oktober 2012}}</ref><ref name="Tau">{{cite news|url=http://www.iol.co.za/news/crime-courts/cops-killed-as-conflict-spirals-at-lonmin-1.1361862|title=Cops killed as conflict spirals at Lonmin|first=Poloko|last=Tau|website=Iol.co.za|date=14 Augustus 2012|access-date=19 Augustus 2012}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-19245758 |title=South African platinum mine union riots 'kill nine' |publisher=BBC News |date=13 Augustus 2012 |access-date=17 Augustus 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.timeslive.co.za/local/2012/10/23/marikana-inquiry-updates-23-october-2012|title=Marikana inquiry updates|date=23 Oktober 2012|publisher=Times Live|access-date=23 Oktober 2012|archive-date= 3 Februarie 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203184508/http://www.timeslive.co.za/local/2012/10/23/marikana-inquiry-updates-23-october-2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> Die polisie het op 16 Augustus losgebrand op 'n groep mynwerkers wat op 'n koppie naby Nkaneng saamgedrom het, ten minste 34 mense is by Marikana dood, 78 is beseer en 259 is in hegtenis geneem.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/lonmin-massacre-a-timeline-1.1364646#.UC4vAKArKVI|title=Lonmin massacre: a timeline - IOL News|website=Iol.co.za|access-date=10 Augustus 2018}}</ref> Die mynwerkers het kapmesse gehad en het 'n versoek om te ontwapen geweier. Volgens COSATU het die polisie eers [[traangas]], waterkanonne gebruik en toe "lewendige ammunisie" gebruik.<ref>{{cite web|title=270 miners charged in co-workers' deaths|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2012/08/30/world/africa/south-africa-mine-violence/index.html?eref=edition|website=Edition.cnn.com|access-date=30 Augustus 2012}}</ref> Die sterftes is deur die media as 'n bloedbad bestempel met die polisie, Lonmin en NUM self wat die skuld gekry het.<ref>{{cite web|title=Strike until NUM leaders step down, Malema tells SA's miners|url=http://mg.co.za/article/2012-09-11-malema-calls-for-frans-balenis-head/index.html?eref=edition|website=Ng.co.za|access-date=10 Augustus 2018|archive-date=10 Augustus 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180810173429/http://mg.co.za/article/2012-09-11-malema-calls-for-frans-balenis-head/index.html?eref=edition|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=SAPS blames Lonmin for Marikana strikers deaths|url=http://www.bdlive.co.za/national/2012/10/23/saps-blames-lonmin-for-marikana-strikers-deaths|publisher=Business Day|access-date= 9 Januarie 2023|archive-date= 7 Desember 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207011249/http://www.bdlive.co.za/national/2012/10/23/saps-blames-lonmin-for-marikana-strikers-deaths|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Finger pointing key at Marikana inquiry|url=http://www.iol.co.za/business/companies/finger-pointing-key-at-marikana-inquiry-1.1409069#.UIlb1hLJX_g|website=Iol.co.za|access-date=10 Augustus 2018}}</ref> Onthullings oor die voorval wat begin met akademiese ondersoeke en daarna opgevolg deur beriggewing deur Greg Marinovich<ref>{{cite news|url=http://dailymaverick.co.za/article/2012-08-30-the-murder-fields-of-marikana-the-cold-murder-fields-of-marikana|title=The murder fields of Marikana. The cold murder fields of Marikana.|date=8 September 2012|publisher=Daily Maverick|access-date=25 Oktober 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120830150415/http://dailymaverick.co.za/article/2012-08-30-the-murder-fields-of-marikana-the-cold-murder-fields-of-marikana|archive-date=30 Augustus 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> het getoon dat die meeste van die sterftes buite kameradekking gebeur het etlike minute nadat sommige van die sterftes op televisiefilm opgeneem is. Volgens die ''[[New York Times]]'', het Frans Baleni, hoofsekretaris van die NUM, die polisie verdedig in 'n onderhoud met Kaya FM, 'n radiostasie en gesê dat "Die polisie was geduldig, maar hierdie mense was swaar gewapen met gevaarlike wapens."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/17/world/africa/south-african-police-fire-on-striking-miners.html?_r=1 |title=Mine Strike Mayhem Stuns South Africa as Police Open Fire|author= Polgreen, Lydia |publisher=The New York Times| date= 16 Augustus 2012|access-date=10 Augustus 2018}}</ref> ==Verlies aan ondersteuning== Daar is aangevoer dat daar sederdien 'n uittog van lede uit NUM was.<ref>[http://www.miningmx.com/page/opinion/columnists/1598486-Ramaphosa-can-t-stop-exodus-from-the-NUM#.UZTAbKIyZvI Ramaphosa can't stop exodus from the NUM], Jan de Lange, ''Mining MX'', 6 Mei 2013,</ref> Volgens Justice Malala, wat in ''[[The Guardian]]'' skryf, "het die NUM alle geloofwaardigheid verloor en is besig om lede te bloei. Sy reeds goed betaalde sekretaris, Baleni, is verlede jaar 'n salarisverhoging van meer as 40% toegeken en sy totale salarispakket is net meer as R105 000 per maand. NUM-leiers het geweier om uit die polisie se gepantserde voertuie te klim om werkers toe te spreek."<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/aug/17/marikana-action-strike-poor-state-haves The Marikana action is a strike by the poor against the state and the haves], Justice Malala, ''The Guardian'', 17 Augustus 2012</ref> Ander het ook aangevoer dat NUM se ledegetalle opgeblaas is en nou as gevolg van die stakings in [[Noordwes]], staan sy ledetal waarskynlik op ongeveer 150 000.<ref>[http://dailymaverick.co.za/article/2012-10-24-a-num-sized-headache-and-no-one-else-to-blame A NUM sized headache and no one else to blame], Mandy de Waal, ''The Daily Maverick'', 24 Oktober 2012</ref> Ander het die organisasie geloof. 'n Hoofartikel in ''[[Business Day]]'' word gesê: "Die NUM is die deurdagte, oorwoë hart van die vakbondbeweging hier... Dit waardeer private kapitaal en sterk maatskappye."<ref>[http://www.bdlive.co.za/opinion/editorials/2012/08/17/editorial-a-failure-of-our-society-on-many-levels A failure of our society on many levels] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120820231151/http://www.bdlive.co.za/opinion/editorials/2012/08/17/editorial-a-failure-of-our-society-on-many-levels |date=20 Augustus 2012 }}, Editorial, ''Business Day'', 17 Augustus 2012</ref> Die mededingende vakbond die Association of Mineworkers and Construction Union (AMCU) het sedert die Marikana-skietery in ledetal toegeneem en verteenwoordig nou meer as 40% van werknemers by Amplats<ref name="MiningMX">{{cite news|title=Amcu seals place as top dog platinum union|url=http://www.miningmx.com/page/opinion/columnists/1539234-Amcu-seals-place-as-top-dog-platinum-union#.UZFY5EmjqVY|website=Miningmx.xom|access-date=10 Augustus 2018}}</ref> en 70% by Lonmin. <ref name="Destiny Man">{{cite news |title=Amcu and NUM face off on issues |url=http://www.destinyman.com/article/amcu-and-num-face-off-on-issues-2013-05-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130623135320/http://www.destinyman.com/article/amcu-and-num-face-off-on-issues-2013-05-13 |archive-date=23 Junie 2013}}</ref> ==Leierskap== === Algemene Sekretarisse === *1982: Cyril Ramaphosa *1991: [[Kgalema Motlanthe]] *1998: [[Gwede Mantashe]] *2006: Frans Baleni *2015: David Sipunzi *2022: William Mabapa === Presidente === *1982: James Motlatsi *2000: Senzeni Zokwana *2014: Piet Matosa *2018: Joseph Montisetse *2022: Daniel Balepile ==Verdere leeswerk== * {{cite book | year = 2005 | title = Trade Unions of the World | editor = ICTUR |display-editors=etal | edition = 6th | publisher = John Harper Publishing | location = London, UK | isbn = 0-9543811-5-7 }} == Verwysings == {{Verwysings|3}} == Eksterne skakels == * [http://www.num.org.za/ NUM se amptelike webtuiste] [[Kategorie:Suid-Afrikaanse vakbonde]] tlrz4r5c6ikpevzs5rbz9yps2up63ki 2916996 2916995 2026-07-11T13:38:57Z Aliwal2012 39067 Verlies aan ondersteuning =>Daling in ledetal 2916996 wikitext text/x-wiki Die '''National Union of Mineworkers''' (NUM) is 'n [[vakbond]] in [[Suid-Afrika]]. Die vakbond is in 1982 gestig en het vinnig gegroei. In 1983 bekom hulle bedingingsmagte in die Kamer van Mynwese. Met 'n lidmaatskap van 300&nbsp;000 is dit die grootste filiaal van [[COSATU]]. NUM het in die 1980's 'n suksesvolle veldtog geloods om 'n einde aan werkreservering te bring, 'n stelsel wat sekere werke aan [[Blanke Suid-Afrikaners|blankes]] toevertrou het. NUM is internasionaal met die International Federation of Chemical, Energy, Mine and General Workers' Unions geaffilieer. ==Geskiedenis== Die vakbond is in 1982 gestig as 'n swart mynwerkersvakbond, op inisiatief van die Raad van Vakbonde van Suid-Afrika. Sy eerste leier was [[Cyril Ramaphosa]], onder wie dit vinnig gegroei het en in 1983 bedingingserkenning van die Kamer van Mynwese verwerf het.<ref name="Pretorius">{{cite book | title=A History of South Africa: From the Distant Past to the Present Day | publisher=Protea Book House | author=Pretorius, Fransjohan | year=2014 | location=Hatsfield, Pretoria | isbn=978-1-86919-908-1}}</ref>{{rp|51}} NUM het in die 1980's suksesvol beywer vir die einde van die werkreserveringstelsel, 'n stelsel wat verseker het dat die besbetaalde poste aan blankes toegeken word. Die vakbond was 'n stigtersfiliaal van die [[Congress of South African Trade Unions]] in 1985.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sweet Food and Allied Workers Union (SFAWU) |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/sweet-food-and-allied-workers-union-sfawu |website=South African History Online |access-date=14 Maart 2021}}</ref> In 2001 het dit die Construction and Allied Workers' Union geabsorbeer,<ref>{{cite news |title=Size counts |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2001-01-12-size-counts/ |access-date=14 March 2021 |work=Mail & Guardian |date=12 Januarie 2001}}</ref> terwyl daar in 2019 aangekondig is dat dit binnekort die Liberated Metalworkers' Union of South Africa sou absorbeer.<ref>{{cite news |title=Metalworkers’ union Limusa and miners’ union NUM to merge in bid by Cosatu to strengthen them |url=https://salabournews.co.za/52166-metalworkers-union-limusa-and-miners-union-num-to-merge-in-bid-by-cosatu-to-strengthen-them |access-date=19 Maart 2021 |work=The Star |date=3 September 2019 }}{{Dooie skakel|date=Maart 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == 2007-staking == Op 4 Desember 2007 het die unie 'n staking uitgeroep om teen gevaarlike werksomstandighede in Suid-Afrikaanse myne te protesteer. Die staking is aangespoor deur 'n styging in sterftes van 2006 na 2007, ten spyte van die regering se plan in Oktober om sterftes te verminder. Minder as 5% van die mynwerkers het op dié dag vir werk opgedaag.<ref>http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/11AF1913-30B2-42C7-8BFA-406CF0412E81.htm</ref> ==2012 stakings sonder vakbondleiers se magtiging== [[Lêer:COSATU rally.JPG|links|duimnael|NUM-pamflet wat 'n algemene saamtrek naby [[Matlosana Plaaslike Munisipaliteit|Matlosana]] versoek.]] ''Hoofartikel'': [[Marikana-slagting]] Op 10 Augustus 2012 het duisende NUM-lede 'n reeks onwettige stakings by Lonmin se Marikana-myne begin wat gekoppel is aan eise vir hoër salarisse. Die volgende dag het NUM-leiers na bewering skote afgevuur toe stakende NUM-lede na hul kantore opgeruk het om ondersteuning van hul vakbond te eis - 'n voorval wat nou as die eerste gewelddadige voorval tydens die stakings erken word.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2012-10-12-marikana-prequel-num-and-the-murders-that-started-it-all|title=Marikana Prequel - NUM and the murders that started it all|date=12 Oktober 2012|publisher=Daily Maverick}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://links.org.au/node/3002|title=South Africa: Marikana massacre – a turning point?|date=27 Augustus 2012|publisher=Links}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.iol.co.za/news/special-features/mining-crisis/num-shot-at-us-witness-1.1394465#.UG_HWWYhz_g|title=NUM shot at us - witness|date=2 Oktober 2012|publisher=Independent Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://mg.co.za/article/2012-10-22-lonmin-caused-problem-at-marikana-say-police/|title=NUM: Lethal force ahead of Marikana shootings was justified|first=Kwanele|last=Sosibo|website=Mg.co.za|access-date=10 Augustus 2018|date=22 Oktober 2012}}</ref> Daar word in die [[Media (kommunikasie)|media]] gesê dat die [[moord]] op twee stakende mynwerkers 'n sentrale rede was vir die verbrokkeling in vertroue binne die vakbond onder werkers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2012-10-12-marikana-prequel-num-and-the-murders-that-started-it-all|title=Marikana prequel: NUM and the murders that started it all - Daily Maverick|first=Jared|last=Sacks|website=Dailymaverick.co.za|access-date=10 Augustus 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.iol.co.za/business/opinion/marikana-20-years-in-the-making-1.1407448#.UIatcRLJX_j|title=Marikana 20 years in the making|date=21 Oktober 2012|publisher=Business Report|access-date=23 Oktober 2012}}</ref> In 'n voorlegging aan die Farlam-kommissie het NUM gesê dat dodelike geweld op hierdie dag geregverdig was.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mg.co.za/article/2012-10-22-lonmin-caused-problem-at-marikana-say-police|title=NUM: Lethal force ahead of Marikana shootings was justified|first=Kwanele|last=Sosibo|website=Mg.co.za|access-date=10 Augustus 2018|date=22 Oktober 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timeslive.co.za/local/2012/10/22/marikana-inquiry-updates-22-october-2012|title=TimesLIVE|website=Timeslive.co.za|access-date=10 Augustus 2018}}{{Dooie skakel|date=November 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Daar word beraam dat tussen 12 en 14 Augustus ongeveer nege mense (minstens vier mynwerkers, twee polisiebeamptes en twee veiligheidswagte) in die gebied rondom [[Marikana]] dood is - alhoewel daar teenstrydige verslae is oor wie wie tydens hierdie voorvalle vermoor het.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://mg.co.za/article/2012-10-22-miners-killed-like-possessed-vermin-says-lawyer/|title=Miners killed like possessed vermin|date=23 Oktober 2012|publisher=Mail & Guardian|access-date=23 Oktober 2012}}</ref><ref name="Tau">{{cite news|url=http://www.iol.co.za/news/crime-courts/cops-killed-as-conflict-spirals-at-lonmin-1.1361862|title=Cops killed as conflict spirals at Lonmin|first=Poloko|last=Tau|website=Iol.co.za|date=14 Augustus 2012|access-date=19 Augustus 2012}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-19245758 |title=South African platinum mine union riots 'kill nine' |publisher=BBC News |date=13 Augustus 2012 |access-date=17 Augustus 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.timeslive.co.za/local/2012/10/23/marikana-inquiry-updates-23-october-2012|title=Marikana inquiry updates|date=23 Oktober 2012|publisher=Times Live|access-date=23 Oktober 2012|archive-date= 3 Februarie 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203184508/http://www.timeslive.co.za/local/2012/10/23/marikana-inquiry-updates-23-october-2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> Die polisie het op 16 Augustus losgebrand op 'n groep mynwerkers wat op 'n koppie naby Nkaneng saamgedrom het, ten minste 34 mense is by Marikana dood, 78 is beseer en 259 is in hegtenis geneem.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/lonmin-massacre-a-timeline-1.1364646#.UC4vAKArKVI|title=Lonmin massacre: a timeline - IOL News|website=Iol.co.za|access-date=10 Augustus 2018}}</ref> Die mynwerkers het kapmesse gehad en het 'n versoek om te ontwapen geweier. Volgens COSATU het die polisie eers [[traangas]], waterkanonne gebruik en toe "lewendige ammunisie" gebruik.<ref>{{cite web|title=270 miners charged in co-workers' deaths|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2012/08/30/world/africa/south-africa-mine-violence/index.html?eref=edition|website=Edition.cnn.com|access-date=30 Augustus 2012}}</ref> Die sterftes is deur die media as 'n bloedbad bestempel met die polisie, Lonmin en NUM self wat die skuld gekry het.<ref>{{cite web|title=Strike until NUM leaders step down, Malema tells SA's miners|url=http://mg.co.za/article/2012-09-11-malema-calls-for-frans-balenis-head/index.html?eref=edition|website=Ng.co.za|access-date=10 Augustus 2018|archive-date=10 Augustus 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180810173429/http://mg.co.za/article/2012-09-11-malema-calls-for-frans-balenis-head/index.html?eref=edition|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=SAPS blames Lonmin for Marikana strikers deaths|url=http://www.bdlive.co.za/national/2012/10/23/saps-blames-lonmin-for-marikana-strikers-deaths|publisher=Business Day|access-date= 9 Januarie 2023|archive-date= 7 Desember 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207011249/http://www.bdlive.co.za/national/2012/10/23/saps-blames-lonmin-for-marikana-strikers-deaths|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Finger pointing key at Marikana inquiry|url=http://www.iol.co.za/business/companies/finger-pointing-key-at-marikana-inquiry-1.1409069#.UIlb1hLJX_g|website=Iol.co.za|access-date=10 Augustus 2018}}</ref> Onthullings oor die voorval wat begin met akademiese ondersoeke en daarna opgevolg deur beriggewing deur Greg Marinovich<ref>{{cite news|url=http://dailymaverick.co.za/article/2012-08-30-the-murder-fields-of-marikana-the-cold-murder-fields-of-marikana|title=The murder fields of Marikana. The cold murder fields of Marikana.|date=8 September 2012|publisher=Daily Maverick|access-date=25 Oktober 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120830150415/http://dailymaverick.co.za/article/2012-08-30-the-murder-fields-of-marikana-the-cold-murder-fields-of-marikana|archive-date=30 Augustus 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> het getoon dat die meeste van die sterftes buite kameradekking gebeur het etlike minute nadat sommige van die sterftes op televisiefilm opgeneem is. Volgens die ''[[New York Times]]'', het Frans Baleni, hoofsekretaris van die NUM, die polisie verdedig in 'n onderhoud met Kaya FM, 'n radiostasie en gesê dat "Die polisie was geduldig, maar hierdie mense was swaar gewapen met gevaarlike wapens."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/17/world/africa/south-african-police-fire-on-striking-miners.html?_r=1 |title=Mine Strike Mayhem Stuns South Africa as Police Open Fire|author= Polgreen, Lydia |publisher=The New York Times| date= 16 Augustus 2012|access-date=10 Augustus 2018}}</ref> ==Daling in ledetal== Daar is aangevoer dat daar sederdien 'n uittog van lede uit NUM was.<ref>[http://www.miningmx.com/page/opinion/columnists/1598486-Ramaphosa-can-t-stop-exodus-from-the-NUM#.UZTAbKIyZvI Ramaphosa can't stop exodus from the NUM], Jan de Lange, ''Mining MX'', 6 Mei 2013,</ref> Volgens Justice Malala, wat in ''[[The Guardian]]'' skryf, "het die NUM alle geloofwaardigheid verloor en is besig om lede te bloei. Sy reeds goed betaalde sekretaris, Baleni, is verlede jaar 'n salarisverhoging van meer as 40% toegeken en sy totale salarispakket is net meer as R105 000 per maand. NUM-leiers het geweier om uit die polisie se gepantserde voertuie te klim om werkers toe te spreek."<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/aug/17/marikana-action-strike-poor-state-haves The Marikana action is a strike by the poor against the state and the haves], Justice Malala, ''The Guardian'', 17 Augustus 2012</ref> Ander het ook aangevoer dat NUM se ledegetalle opgeblaas is en nou as gevolg van die stakings in [[Noordwes]], staan sy ledetal waarskynlik op ongeveer 150 000.<ref>[http://dailymaverick.co.za/article/2012-10-24-a-num-sized-headache-and-no-one-else-to-blame A NUM sized headache and no one else to blame], Mandy de Waal, ''The Daily Maverick'', 24 Oktober 2012</ref> Ander het die organisasie geloof. 'n Hoofartikel in ''[[Business Day]]'' word gesê: "Die NUM is die deurdagte, oorwoë hart van die vakbondbeweging hier... Dit waardeer private kapitaal en sterk maatskappye."<ref>[http://www.bdlive.co.za/opinion/editorials/2012/08/17/editorial-a-failure-of-our-society-on-many-levels A failure of our society on many levels] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120820231151/http://www.bdlive.co.za/opinion/editorials/2012/08/17/editorial-a-failure-of-our-society-on-many-levels |date=20 Augustus 2012 }}, Editorial, ''Business Day'', 17 Augustus 2012</ref> Die mededingende vakbond die Association of Mineworkers and Construction Union (AMCU) het sedert die Marikana-skietery in ledetal toegeneem en verteenwoordig nou meer as 40% van werknemers by Amplats<ref name="MiningMX">{{cite news|title=Amcu seals place as top dog platinum union|url=http://www.miningmx.com/page/opinion/columnists/1539234-Amcu-seals-place-as-top-dog-platinum-union#.UZFY5EmjqVY|website=Miningmx.xom|access-date=10 Augustus 2018}}</ref> en 70% by Lonmin. <ref name="Destiny Man">{{cite news |title=Amcu and NUM face off on issues |url=http://www.destinyman.com/article/amcu-and-num-face-off-on-issues-2013-05-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130623135320/http://www.destinyman.com/article/amcu-and-num-face-off-on-issues-2013-05-13 |archive-date=23 Junie 2013}}</ref> ==Leierskap== === Algemene Sekretarisse === *1982: Cyril Ramaphosa *1991: [[Kgalema Motlanthe]] *1998: [[Gwede Mantashe]] *2006: Frans Baleni *2015: David Sipunzi *2022: William Mabapa === Presidente === *1982: James Motlatsi *2000: Senzeni Zokwana *2014: Piet Matosa *2018: Joseph Montisetse *2022: Daniel Balepile ==Verdere leeswerk== * {{cite book | year = 2005 | title = Trade Unions of the World | editor = ICTUR |display-editors=etal | edition = 6th | publisher = John Harper Publishing | location = London, UK | isbn = 0-9543811-5-7 }} == Verwysings == {{Verwysings|3}} == Eksterne skakels == * [http://www.num.org.za/ NUM se amptelike webtuiste] [[Kategorie:Suid-Afrikaanse vakbonde]] psku6gmq65jkdb3rwefwzoe0quhvwre 2916997 2916996 2026-07-11T13:41:41Z Aliwal2012 39067 /* Verdere leeswerk */ 2916997 wikitext text/x-wiki Die '''National Union of Mineworkers''' (NUM) is 'n [[vakbond]] in [[Suid-Afrika]]. Die vakbond is in 1982 gestig en het vinnig gegroei. In 1983 bekom hulle bedingingsmagte in die Kamer van Mynwese. Met 'n lidmaatskap van 300&nbsp;000 is dit die grootste filiaal van [[COSATU]]. NUM het in die 1980's 'n suksesvolle veldtog geloods om 'n einde aan werkreservering te bring, 'n stelsel wat sekere werke aan [[Blanke Suid-Afrikaners|blankes]] toevertrou het. NUM is internasionaal met die International Federation of Chemical, Energy, Mine and General Workers' Unions geaffilieer. ==Geskiedenis== Die vakbond is in 1982 gestig as 'n swart mynwerkersvakbond, op inisiatief van die Raad van Vakbonde van Suid-Afrika. Sy eerste leier was [[Cyril Ramaphosa]], onder wie dit vinnig gegroei het en in 1983 bedingingserkenning van die Kamer van Mynwese verwerf het.<ref name="Pretorius">{{cite book | title=A History of South Africa: From the Distant Past to the Present Day | publisher=Protea Book House | author=Pretorius, Fransjohan | year=2014 | location=Hatsfield, Pretoria | isbn=978-1-86919-908-1}}</ref>{{rp|51}} NUM het in die 1980's suksesvol beywer vir die einde van die werkreserveringstelsel, 'n stelsel wat verseker het dat die besbetaalde poste aan blankes toegeken word. Die vakbond was 'n stigtersfiliaal van die [[Congress of South African Trade Unions]] in 1985.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sweet Food and Allied Workers Union (SFAWU) |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/sweet-food-and-allied-workers-union-sfawu |website=South African History Online |access-date=14 Maart 2021}}</ref> In 2001 het dit die Construction and Allied Workers' Union geabsorbeer,<ref>{{cite news |title=Size counts |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2001-01-12-size-counts/ |access-date=14 March 2021 |work=Mail & Guardian |date=12 Januarie 2001}}</ref> terwyl daar in 2019 aangekondig is dat dit binnekort die Liberated Metalworkers' Union of South Africa sou absorbeer.<ref>{{cite news |title=Metalworkers’ union Limusa and miners’ union NUM to merge in bid by Cosatu to strengthen them |url=https://salabournews.co.za/52166-metalworkers-union-limusa-and-miners-union-num-to-merge-in-bid-by-cosatu-to-strengthen-them |access-date=19 Maart 2021 |work=The Star |date=3 September 2019 }}{{Dooie skakel|date=Maart 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == 2007-staking == Op 4 Desember 2007 het die unie 'n staking uitgeroep om teen gevaarlike werksomstandighede in Suid-Afrikaanse myne te protesteer. Die staking is aangespoor deur 'n styging in sterftes van 2006 na 2007, ten spyte van die regering se plan in Oktober om sterftes te verminder. Minder as 5% van die mynwerkers het op dié dag vir werk opgedaag.<ref>http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/11AF1913-30B2-42C7-8BFA-406CF0412E81.htm</ref> ==2012 stakings sonder vakbondleiers se magtiging== [[Lêer:COSATU rally.JPG|links|duimnael|NUM-pamflet wat 'n algemene saamtrek naby [[Matlosana Plaaslike Munisipaliteit|Matlosana]] versoek.]] ''Hoofartikel'': [[Marikana-slagting]] Op 10 Augustus 2012 het duisende NUM-lede 'n reeks onwettige stakings by Lonmin se Marikana-myne begin wat gekoppel is aan eise vir hoër salarisse. Die volgende dag het NUM-leiers na bewering skote afgevuur toe stakende NUM-lede na hul kantore opgeruk het om ondersteuning van hul vakbond te eis - 'n voorval wat nou as die eerste gewelddadige voorval tydens die stakings erken word.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2012-10-12-marikana-prequel-num-and-the-murders-that-started-it-all|title=Marikana Prequel - NUM and the murders that started it all|date=12 Oktober 2012|publisher=Daily Maverick}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://links.org.au/node/3002|title=South Africa: Marikana massacre – a turning point?|date=27 Augustus 2012|publisher=Links}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.iol.co.za/news/special-features/mining-crisis/num-shot-at-us-witness-1.1394465#.UG_HWWYhz_g|title=NUM shot at us - witness|date=2 Oktober 2012|publisher=Independent Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://mg.co.za/article/2012-10-22-lonmin-caused-problem-at-marikana-say-police/|title=NUM: Lethal force ahead of Marikana shootings was justified|first=Kwanele|last=Sosibo|website=Mg.co.za|access-date=10 Augustus 2018|date=22 Oktober 2012}}</ref> Daar word in die [[Media (kommunikasie)|media]] gesê dat die [[moord]] op twee stakende mynwerkers 'n sentrale rede was vir die verbrokkeling in vertroue binne die vakbond onder werkers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2012-10-12-marikana-prequel-num-and-the-murders-that-started-it-all|title=Marikana prequel: NUM and the murders that started it all - Daily Maverick|first=Jared|last=Sacks|website=Dailymaverick.co.za|access-date=10 Augustus 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.iol.co.za/business/opinion/marikana-20-years-in-the-making-1.1407448#.UIatcRLJX_j|title=Marikana 20 years in the making|date=21 Oktober 2012|publisher=Business Report|access-date=23 Oktober 2012}}</ref> In 'n voorlegging aan die Farlam-kommissie het NUM gesê dat dodelike geweld op hierdie dag geregverdig was.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mg.co.za/article/2012-10-22-lonmin-caused-problem-at-marikana-say-police|title=NUM: Lethal force ahead of Marikana shootings was justified|first=Kwanele|last=Sosibo|website=Mg.co.za|access-date=10 Augustus 2018|date=22 Oktober 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timeslive.co.za/local/2012/10/22/marikana-inquiry-updates-22-october-2012|title=TimesLIVE|website=Timeslive.co.za|access-date=10 Augustus 2018}}{{Dooie skakel|date=November 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Daar word beraam dat tussen 12 en 14 Augustus ongeveer nege mense (minstens vier mynwerkers, twee polisiebeamptes en twee veiligheidswagte) in die gebied rondom [[Marikana]] dood is - alhoewel daar teenstrydige verslae is oor wie wie tydens hierdie voorvalle vermoor het.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://mg.co.za/article/2012-10-22-miners-killed-like-possessed-vermin-says-lawyer/|title=Miners killed like possessed vermin|date=23 Oktober 2012|publisher=Mail & Guardian|access-date=23 Oktober 2012}}</ref><ref name="Tau">{{cite news|url=http://www.iol.co.za/news/crime-courts/cops-killed-as-conflict-spirals-at-lonmin-1.1361862|title=Cops killed as conflict spirals at Lonmin|first=Poloko|last=Tau|website=Iol.co.za|date=14 Augustus 2012|access-date=19 Augustus 2012}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-19245758 |title=South African platinum mine union riots 'kill nine' |publisher=BBC News |date=13 Augustus 2012 |access-date=17 Augustus 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.timeslive.co.za/local/2012/10/23/marikana-inquiry-updates-23-october-2012|title=Marikana inquiry updates|date=23 Oktober 2012|publisher=Times Live|access-date=23 Oktober 2012|archive-date= 3 Februarie 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203184508/http://www.timeslive.co.za/local/2012/10/23/marikana-inquiry-updates-23-october-2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> Die polisie het op 16 Augustus losgebrand op 'n groep mynwerkers wat op 'n koppie naby Nkaneng saamgedrom het, ten minste 34 mense is by Marikana dood, 78 is beseer en 259 is in hegtenis geneem.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/lonmin-massacre-a-timeline-1.1364646#.UC4vAKArKVI|title=Lonmin massacre: a timeline - IOL News|website=Iol.co.za|access-date=10 Augustus 2018}}</ref> Die mynwerkers het kapmesse gehad en het 'n versoek om te ontwapen geweier. Volgens COSATU het die polisie eers [[traangas]], waterkanonne gebruik en toe "lewendige ammunisie" gebruik.<ref>{{cite web|title=270 miners charged in co-workers' deaths|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2012/08/30/world/africa/south-africa-mine-violence/index.html?eref=edition|website=Edition.cnn.com|access-date=30 Augustus 2012}}</ref> Die sterftes is deur die media as 'n bloedbad bestempel met die polisie, Lonmin en NUM self wat die skuld gekry het.<ref>{{cite web|title=Strike until NUM leaders step down, Malema tells SA's miners|url=http://mg.co.za/article/2012-09-11-malema-calls-for-frans-balenis-head/index.html?eref=edition|website=Ng.co.za|access-date=10 Augustus 2018|archive-date=10 Augustus 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180810173429/http://mg.co.za/article/2012-09-11-malema-calls-for-frans-balenis-head/index.html?eref=edition|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=SAPS blames Lonmin for Marikana strikers deaths|url=http://www.bdlive.co.za/national/2012/10/23/saps-blames-lonmin-for-marikana-strikers-deaths|publisher=Business Day|access-date= 9 Januarie 2023|archive-date= 7 Desember 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207011249/http://www.bdlive.co.za/national/2012/10/23/saps-blames-lonmin-for-marikana-strikers-deaths|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Finger pointing key at Marikana inquiry|url=http://www.iol.co.za/business/companies/finger-pointing-key-at-marikana-inquiry-1.1409069#.UIlb1hLJX_g|website=Iol.co.za|access-date=10 Augustus 2018}}</ref> Onthullings oor die voorval wat begin met akademiese ondersoeke en daarna opgevolg deur beriggewing deur Greg Marinovich<ref>{{cite news|url=http://dailymaverick.co.za/article/2012-08-30-the-murder-fields-of-marikana-the-cold-murder-fields-of-marikana|title=The murder fields of Marikana. The cold murder fields of Marikana.|date=8 September 2012|publisher=Daily Maverick|access-date=25 Oktober 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120830150415/http://dailymaverick.co.za/article/2012-08-30-the-murder-fields-of-marikana-the-cold-murder-fields-of-marikana|archive-date=30 Augustus 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> het getoon dat die meeste van die sterftes buite kameradekking gebeur het etlike minute nadat sommige van die sterftes op televisiefilm opgeneem is. Volgens die ''[[New York Times]]'', het Frans Baleni, hoofsekretaris van die NUM, die polisie verdedig in 'n onderhoud met Kaya FM, 'n radiostasie en gesê dat "Die polisie was geduldig, maar hierdie mense was swaar gewapen met gevaarlike wapens."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/17/world/africa/south-african-police-fire-on-striking-miners.html?_r=1 |title=Mine Strike Mayhem Stuns South Africa as Police Open Fire|author= Polgreen, Lydia |publisher=The New York Times| date= 16 Augustus 2012|access-date=10 Augustus 2018}}</ref> ==Daling in ledetal== Daar is aangevoer dat daar sederdien 'n uittog van lede uit NUM was.<ref>[http://www.miningmx.com/page/opinion/columnists/1598486-Ramaphosa-can-t-stop-exodus-from-the-NUM#.UZTAbKIyZvI Ramaphosa can't stop exodus from the NUM], Jan de Lange, ''Mining MX'', 6 Mei 2013,</ref> Volgens Justice Malala, wat in ''[[The Guardian]]'' skryf, "het die NUM alle geloofwaardigheid verloor en is besig om lede te bloei. Sy reeds goed betaalde sekretaris, Baleni, is verlede jaar 'n salarisverhoging van meer as 40% toegeken en sy totale salarispakket is net meer as R105 000 per maand. NUM-leiers het geweier om uit die polisie se gepantserde voertuie te klim om werkers toe te spreek."<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/aug/17/marikana-action-strike-poor-state-haves The Marikana action is a strike by the poor against the state and the haves], Justice Malala, ''The Guardian'', 17 Augustus 2012</ref> Ander het ook aangevoer dat NUM se ledegetalle opgeblaas is en nou as gevolg van die stakings in [[Noordwes]], staan sy ledetal waarskynlik op ongeveer 150 000.<ref>[http://dailymaverick.co.za/article/2012-10-24-a-num-sized-headache-and-no-one-else-to-blame A NUM sized headache and no one else to blame], Mandy de Waal, ''The Daily Maverick'', 24 Oktober 2012</ref> Ander het die organisasie geloof. 'n Hoofartikel in ''[[Business Day]]'' word gesê: "Die NUM is die deurdagte, oorwoë hart van die vakbondbeweging hier... Dit waardeer private kapitaal en sterk maatskappye."<ref>[http://www.bdlive.co.za/opinion/editorials/2012/08/17/editorial-a-failure-of-our-society-on-many-levels A failure of our society on many levels] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120820231151/http://www.bdlive.co.za/opinion/editorials/2012/08/17/editorial-a-failure-of-our-society-on-many-levels |date=20 Augustus 2012 }}, Editorial, ''Business Day'', 17 Augustus 2012</ref> Die mededingende vakbond die Association of Mineworkers and Construction Union (AMCU) het sedert die Marikana-skietery in ledetal toegeneem en verteenwoordig nou meer as 40% van werknemers by Amplats<ref name="MiningMX">{{cite news|title=Amcu seals place as top dog platinum union|url=http://www.miningmx.com/page/opinion/columnists/1539234-Amcu-seals-place-as-top-dog-platinum-union#.UZFY5EmjqVY|website=Miningmx.xom|access-date=10 Augustus 2018}}</ref> en 70% by Lonmin. <ref name="Destiny Man">{{cite news |title=Amcu and NUM face off on issues |url=http://www.destinyman.com/article/amcu-and-num-face-off-on-issues-2013-05-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130623135320/http://www.destinyman.com/article/amcu-and-num-face-off-on-issues-2013-05-13 |archive-date=23 Junie 2013}}</ref> ==Leierskap== === Algemene Sekretarisse === *1982: Cyril Ramaphosa *1991: [[Kgalema Motlanthe]] *1998: [[Gwede Mantashe]] *2006: Frans Baleni *2015: David Sipunzi *2022: William Mabapa === Presidente === *1982: James Motlatsi *2000: Senzeni Zokwana *2014: Piet Matosa *2018: Joseph Montisetse *2022: Daniel Balepile ==Verdere leeswerk== * {{cite book | year = 2005 | title = Trade Unions of the World | editor = ICTUR | display-editors=etal | edition = 6de | publisher = John Harper Publishing | location = London, UK | isbn = 0-9543811-5-7 }} == Verwysings == {{Verwysings|3}} == Eksterne skakels == * [http://www.num.org.za/ NUM se amptelike webtuiste] [[Kategorie:Suid-Afrikaanse vakbonde]] 8qg86ol6gupiw8bo11iwhqp2bs951zx 0 101991 2917078 1571843 2026-07-12T07:08:27Z Aliwal2012 39067 Port Elizabeth→Gqeberha 2917078 wikitext text/x-wiki :''Vir die nedersetting in [[Enoch Mgijima Plaaslike Munisipaliteit]], sien [[Thornhill, Enoch Mgijima]]'' {{Inligtingskas Suid-Afrikaanse dorp | naam = Thornhill | ander_naam = | inheemse_naam = | nedersetting_tipe = Nedersetting | beeld_stadsilhoeët = | beeldbyskrif = | bynaam = | slagspreuk = | beeld_kaart = | duimdrukkeretiketposisie=regs | latd = 33 |latm = 53 |lats = 42 | longd = 25 |longm = 8 |longs = 28 | provinsie = Oos-Kaap | distrik = Sarah Baartman | munisipaliteit = Kouga | stigtingsdatum = | regeringvoetnotas = | regeringstipe = <!-- Wyknommer --> | leier_party = | leiertitel = <!-- Raadslid --> | leiernaam = | oppervlakvoetnotas = | oppervlak_totaal_km2 = | hoogte_m = | bevolking_totaal = | bevolking_soos_op = 2011 | bevolkingnota = <!-- demografie (deel 1) --> | demografie1_voetnotas = | persent_swart = 44.4% | persent_kleurling = 53.0% | persent_wit = 1.8% | persent_asiër = 0.1% | persent_ander = 0.7% <!-- demografie (deel 2) --> | demografie2_voetnotas = | demografie2_titel1 = [[Afrikaans]] | demografie2_info1 = 58.1% | demografie2_titel2 = [[Xhosa]] | demografie2_info2 = 37.1% | demografie2_titel3 = [[Engels]] | demografie2_info3 = 1.8% | demografie2_titel4 = | demografie2_info4 = | demografie2_titel5 = Ander | demografie2_info5 = 3.0% | poskode = 6375 | poskode2 = 6375 | skakelkode = 042 | sensuskode = 268005 | webwerf = }} '''Thornhill''' is 'n nedersetting in die [[Kouga Plaaslike Munisipaliteit|Kouga munisipaliteit]] in die [[Oos-Kaap]]provinsie van [[Suid-Afrika]]. Dit is ongeveer 45 km wes van [[Gqeberha]] en 30 km oos van [[Jeffreysbaai]] langs die [[N2 (Suid-Afrika)|N2 nasionale pad]] geleë. == Sien ook == * [[Lys van dorpe in Suid-Afrika]] == Verwysings == {{Verwysings}} {{Suid-Afrikaanse distriksmunisipaliteit navbox|DC10}} [[Kategorie:Nedersettings in die Oos-Kaap]] os4ni57hvk2i45w5bq2rsolqol87oj3 0 101993 2917076 1571840 2026-07-12T06:58:53Z Aliwal2012 39067 Port Elizabeth→Gqeberha 2917076 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Inligtingskas Suid-Afrikaanse dorp | naam = Astonbaai | ander_naam = | inheemse_naam = | nedersetting_tipe = [[Dorp]] | beeld_stadsilhoeët = MotoPops - Martina Martinique Aston Bay.jpg | beeldbyskrif = Marina Martinique in Astonbaai | bynaam = | slagspreuk = | beeld_kaart = | duimdrukkeretiketposisie=regs | latd = 34 |latm = 04 |lats = 41 | longd = 24 |longm = 54 |longs = 36 | provinsie = Oos-Kaap | distrik = Sarah Baartman | munisipaliteit = Kouga | stigtingsdatum = | regeringvoetnotas = | regeringstipe = <!-- Wyknommer --> | leier_party = | leiertitel = <!-- Raadslid --> | leiernaam = | oppervlakvoetnotas = | oppervlak_totaal_km2 = | hoogte_m = | bevolking_totaal = | bevolking_soos_op = 2011 | bevolkingnota = <!-- demografie (deel 1) --> | demografie1_voetnotas = | persent_swart = 2.9% | persent_kleurling = 2.8% | persent_wit = 94.2% | persent_asiër = | persent_ander = 0.1% <!-- demografie (deel 2) --> | demografie2_voetnotas = | demografie2_titel1 = [[Afrikaans]] | demografie2_info1 = 69.3% | demografie2_titel2 = [[Engels]] | demografie2_info2 = 27.6% | demografie2_titel3 = [[Xhosa]] | demografie2_info3 = 1.0% | demografie2_titel4 = | demografie2_info4 = | demografie2_titel5 = Ander | demografie2_info5 = 2.1% | poskode = 6332 | poskode2 = 6332 | skakelkode = 042 | sensuskode = 268009010 | webwerf = }} '''Astonbaai''' is 'n nedersetting in die [[Kouga Plaaslike Munisipaliteit|Kouga munisipaliteit]] in die [[Oos-Kaap]]provinsie van [[Suid-Afrika]]. Dit is ongeveer 90 km wes van [[Gqeberha]] en 5 km vanaf [[Jeffreysbaai]] geleë. == Sien ook == * [[Lys van dorpe in Suid-Afrika]] == Verwysings == {{Verwysings}} {{Oos-Kaap saadjie}} {{Suid-Afrikaanse distriksmunisipaliteit navbox|DC10}} [[Kategorie:Nedersettings in die Oos-Kaap]] driz4x4ipc6jxh0jen4skhti9uda4v0 0 101994 2917079 1571846 2026-07-12T07:10:08Z Aliwal2012 39067 Port Elizabeth→Gqeberha 2917079 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Inligtingskas Suid-Afrikaanse dorp | naam = Paradysstrand | ander_naam = | inheemse_naam = | nedersetting_tipe = [[Dorp]] | beeld_stadsilhoeët = | beeldbyskrif = | bynaam = | slagspreuk = | beeld_kaart = | duimdrukkeretiketposisie=regs | latd = 34 |latm = 04 |lats = 41 | longd = 24 |longm = 54 |longs = 36 | provinsie = Oos-Kaap | distrik = Sarah Baartman | munisipaliteit = Kouga | stigtingsdatum = | regeringvoetnotas = | regeringstipe = <!-- Wyknommer --> | leier_party = | leiertitel = <!-- Raadslid --> | leiernaam = | oppervlakvoetnotas = | oppervlak_totaal_km2 = | hoogte_m = | bevolking_totaal = | bevolking_soos_op = 2011 | bevolkingnota = <!-- demografie (deel 1) --> | demografie1_voetnotas = | persent_swart = 6.4% | persent_kleurling = 0.8% | persent_wit = 92.4% | persent_asiër = | persent_ander = 0.4% <!-- demografie (deel 2) --> | demografie2_voetnotas = | demografie2_titel1 = [[Afrikaans]] | demografie2_info1 = 65.5% | demografie2_titel2 = [[Engels]] | demografie2_info2 = 31.4% | demografie2_titel4 = | demografie2_info4 = | demografie2_titel5 = Ander | demografie2_info5 = 3.2% | poskode = 6300 | poskode2 = 6300 | skakelkode = 0042 | sensuskode = 268009011 | webwerf = }} '''Paradysstrand''' is 'n [[nedersetting]] in die [[Kouga Plaaslike Munisipaliteit]] in die [[Oos-Kaap]]provinsie van [[Suid-Afrika]]. Dit is ongeveer 93 km wes van [[Gqeberha]] en 7 km wes van [[Jeffreysbaai]] geleë. == Sien ook == * [[Lys van dorpe in Suid-Afrika]] == Verwysings == {{Verwysings}} {{Oos-Kaap saadjie}} {{Suid-Afrikaanse distriksmunisipaliteit navbox|DC10}} [[Kategorie:Nedersettings in die Oos-Kaap]] 8stx7dryglosj8flbb3mg7sd04fqogu 6 103316 2917016 2891792 2026-07-11T17:36:19Z JMK 649 JMK het 'n nuwe weergawe van [[Lêer:Ds JJ van As.jpg]] opgelaai 2891792 wikitext text/x-wiki == Opsomming == {{Beeldinligting |beskrywing=Ds. Johannes Jacobus (Hannes) van As (29-9-1923 [[Koppies]] – 5-9-1995 Pretoria) het op [[Bethlehem, Vrystaat|Bethlehem]], Oranje-Vrystaat, skoolgegaan en aan [[Universiteit Stellenbosch]] en [[Princeton-universiteit]] gestudeer. Hy het sy doktorsgraad by [[Utrecht-universiteit]] in Nederland behaal. Hy was leraar by [[NG gemeente Drie Riviere]], [[NG gemeente Beaufort-Wes]] (1962 tot 1968), [[NG gemeente Wespoort]] (1968 tot 1977) en [[NG gemeente Northam]] (1977 tot 1980's), en was dan professor in [[Ou Testament]] by die [[Universiteit van die Noorde]]. |bron=Sinode-album van Transvaal |datum=1957 |daarsteller=Morné van Rooyen |outeur=Onbekend |ander_weergawes=Geen }} <!-- VERPLIG: Moenie vergeet om n lisensie te kies ASOOK n bron EN n outeur in te vul nie! --> == Lisensiëring == {{PD-SA}} [[Kategorie:Predikante van die Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk]] h3cli0n85ww5jeprec0dkfenj6nayqt 0 108417 2917084 2872689 2026-07-12T10:23:37Z InternetArchiveBot 131157 Red 1 verwysing(s) en merk 0 as dood.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 2917084 wikitext text/x-wiki : ''Hierdie artikel handel oor die etniese groep. Vir die taal, sien [[Kirgisies]].'' {{Etniese groep | beeld = [[Lêer:Kyrgyz people.png|300px]] | onderskrif = | groep = Kirgisiërs | bevolking = ca. 4,5 miljoen | plek = {{vlagland|Kirgisië}} ~3,8 miljoen<ref>{{ky}} {{cite web|url=http://24.kg/community/68134-za-poslednie-10-let-yetnicheskaya-struktura.html|title=За последние 10 лет этническая структура Кыргызстана претерпела значительные изменения|accessdate=10 Maart 2016|archive-date=24 Julie 2011|archive-url=https://archive.is/20110724203805/http://24.kg/community/68134-za-poslednie-10-let-yetnicheskaya-struktura.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><br /> {{vlagland|Oesbekistan}} 250&nbsp;000<ref>{{ru}} [http://www.library.cjes.ru/online/?a=con&b_id=416&c_id=4479 Ethnic Atlas of Uzbekistan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928225522/http://www.library.cjes.ru/online/?a=con&b_id=416&c_id=4479 |date=28 September 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{ru}} [http://www.stat.uz/STAT/demografiya/1_axoli.xls Demographics of Uzbekistan]</ref><br /> {{vlagland|Volksrepubliek China}} 143&nbsp;500<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.paulnoll.com/China/Minorities/China-Nationalities.html |title=Chinese Nationalities and Their Populations (2010) |accessdate=10 Maart 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200422000559/http://www.paulnoll.com/China/Minorities/China-Nationalities.html |archive-date=22 April 2020 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><br /> {{vlagland|Rusland}} 103&nbsp;422<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.perepis2002.ru/content.html?id=11&docid=10715289081463 |title=Nationalities and ethnic groups |accessdate=10 Maart 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180906073144/http://www.perepis2002.ru/content.html?id=11 |archive-date=6 September 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><br /> {{vlagland|Tadjikistan}} 60&nbsp;000<br /> {{vlagland|Kasakstan}} 23&nbsp;274<ref>http://92.46.60.130/open.php?exten=pdf&nn=760179{{Dooie skakel|date=Augustus 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><br /> {{vlagland|Afghanistan}} 1&nbsp;130<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://postconflict.unep.ch/publications/WCR.pdf |title=Wak.p65 |format=PDF |accessdate=28 Februarie 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816201653/https://postconflict.unep.ch/publications/WCR.pdf |archive-date=16 Augustus 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><br /> {{vlagland|Oekraïne}} 1&nbsp;128<ref>{{ru}} [http://ukrcensus.gov.ua/rus/results/nationality_population/nationality_popul1/select_51/?botton=cens_db&box=5.1W&k_t=00&p=25&rz=1_1&rz_b=2_1%20%20%20%20%20%20&n_page=2 Ukrainian population census 2001]: Distribution of population by nationality. Besoek op 23 April 2009 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117052317/http://ukrcensus.gov.ua/rus/results/nationality_population/nationality_popul1/select_51/?botton=cens_db&box=5.1W&k_t=00&p=25&rz=1_1&rz_b=2_1%20%20%20%20%20%20&n_page=2 |date=17 Januarie 2012 }}</ref> | taal = [[Kirgisies]] | geloof = Hoofsaaklik [[Soenni]]tiese [[Islam]]<br />[[Tengriisme]] • [[Christendom]] • [[Sjamanisme]] • [[Tibettaanse Boeddhisme]] | verwante = Ander [[Turkiese volke]] soos [[Azerbeidjanners]], [[Basjkiriërs]], [[Gagaoesiërs]], [[Karakalpakke]], [[Kasakke]], [[Oeigoere]], [[Oesbeke]], [[Tartare]], [[Tsjoewasjiërs]], [[Turke]] en [[Turkmene]] }} Die '''Kirgisiërs''' ([[Kirgisies]]e enkelvoud: кыргыз/''kyrgyz'', meervoud: кыргыздар/''kyrgyzdar'') vorm naas die [[Oesbeke]], [[Kasakke]] en [[Turkmene]] die vierde grootste [[Turkiese volke|Turkiese]] [[etniese groep]] in [[Sentraal-Asië]]. Hulle vorm die titulêre [[nasie]] van [[Kirgisië]], waar hulle sowat 72,6% van dié land se bevolking uitmaak, en praat Kirgisies, 'n [[Turkiese tale|Turkiese taal]], as [[moedertaal]]. [[Lêer:Central Asia Ethnic en.svg|duimnael|links|Etniese kaart van [[Sentraal-Asië]]]] [[Lêer:Богатый киргизский охотник с соколом.jpg|duimnael|links|''Ryk Kirgisiese jagter met 'n valk'' – skildery deur Vasili Veresjtsjagin in 1871]] Naas Kirgisiërs woon nog klein minderhede soos Oesbeke (14,4%) en [[Russe]] (6,4%) in Kirgisië. Kirgisiese minderhede woon ook in lande soos [[Oesbekistan]] (250&nbsp;000), die [[Volksrepubliek China]] (143&nbsp;500) en [[Rusland]] (103&nbsp;422). Wêreldwyd is daar omtrent 4,5 miljoen Kirgisiërs, waarvan sowat 3,8 miljoen in Kirgisië woon. In die Volksrepubliek China behoort die Kirgisiërs tot een van die 56 amptelik erkende etniese groepe ("nasionaliteite"). Hulle woon veral in die Wes-Chinese outonome gewes [[Xinjiang]] saam met ander verwante etniese groepe soos [[Oeigoere]], Oesbeke en Kasakke. Die naam van die Kirgisiërs is moontlik van 40 ([[Turks]]: ''kyrk'' met die meervoud-[[agtervoegsel]] ''-yz'') stamme afgelei wat onder die epiese held Manas verenig is en teen die [[Mongole]] geveg het. Die 40 strale van die son op die [[vlag van Kirgisië]] vertoon hierdie 40 stamme.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.sras.org/news2.phtml?m=483 |title=Forty tribes and the 40-ray sun on the flag of Kyrgyzstan |publisher=School of Russian and Asian Studies |accessdate=10 Maart 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100620134502/http://sras.org/news2.phtml?m=483 |archive-date=20 Junie 2010 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web|title = Kyrgyzstan Flag – colors meaning history of Kyrgyzstan Flag|url = http://kyrgyzstanflag.facts.co/kyrgyzstanflagof/kyrgyzstanflag.php|website = kyrgyzstanflag.facts.co|accessdate = 10 Maart 2016|archive-date = 24 November 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151124044959/http://kyrgyzstanflag.facts.co/kyrgyzstanflagof/kyrgyzstanflag.php|url-status = dead}}</ref> Volgens 'n ander teorie is die naam afgelei van 40 meisies wat krygers geword en waaruit die Kirgisiërs ontwikkel het. == Verwysings == {{Verwysings|2}} == Eksterne skakels == {{CommonsKategorie-inlyn|Kyrgyz people}} * {{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Kyrgyz-people|title=Kyrgyz|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|accessdate=25 Januarie 2019}} {{Normdata}} [[Kategorie:Etniese groepe in Kirgisië]] [[Kategorie:Turkiese volke]] rdsx81reb1qifotxa63oc6of1i4prur 2 109795 2917041 2909114 2026-07-11T20:55:32Z ~2026-33122-13 208805 قصي العيون 2917041 wikitext text/x-wiki قصي محمد علي العيون ( ابوعين اردني الجنسية مواليد مدينة اربد بتاريخ °6/3/1975 يحمل درجة الدكتوراه في القانون العام وله العديد من الابحاث والمؤلفات منها كتاب شرح احكام الجنسيةلاردنية و يعمل محامي ورئيس لجمعية بوابة التنمية للدراسات والابحاث والتدريب ناشط بحقوق الانسان وعمل على تاسيس جمعية بوابة التنمية للدراسات والابحاث والتدريب التي مقرها شمال الاردن وهي جمعية تعنى بحقوق الانسان وتطبيق الاتفقيات الدولية وتهدف هذه الجمعية الى ان تكون بوابة للتنمية في شمال الاردن nf4t34qqwareg76p7u0rqwnvtx1i2om 2917069 2917041 2026-07-12T06:40:43Z Oesjaar 7467 Hier praat ons Afrikaans. 2917069 wikitext text/x-wiki Hier praat ons Afrikaans. 9kp3fxlem2h9mkaz02s06unnwtnuec7 0 117934 2917017 2916826 2026-07-11T18:24:18Z Oesjaar 7467 Kom ons kyk... 2917017 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taksoboks |name = Diewekruid |image = Clematis brachiata flower.jpg |regnum = [[Plantae]] |unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]] |unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]] |ordo = [[Ranunculales]] |familia = ''[[Ranunculaceae]]'' |subfamilia = ''[[Ranunculoideae]]'' |tribus = ''[[Anemonae]]'' |genus = ''[[Clematis]]'' |species = '''''C. brachiata''''' |binomial = ''Clematis brachiata'' |binomial_authority = [[Carl Peter Thunberg|Thunb.]], (1800) |synonyms = * ''Clematis thunbergii'' Steud. * ensomeer<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2725706 |title=Plant List |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190913155707/http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2725706 |archive-date=13 September 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all |access-date=25 Desember 2016 }}</ref> }} {{Spesieboks | status = LC | status_system = iucn3.1 | name = Diewekruid | image = | taxon = Clematis brachiata | authority = [[Carl Peter Thunberg|Thunb.]], (1800) | synonyms =* ''Clematis biloba'' <small>Steud.</small> * ''Clematis brachiata'' <small>Ker Gawl.</small> * ''Clematis brachiata var. burkei'' <small>Burtt Davy</small> * ''Clematis comosa'' <small>DC.</small> * ''Clematis kerrii'' <small>Steud.</small> * ''Clematis massoniana'' <small>DC.</small> * ''Clematis orientalis f. massoniana'' <small>(DC.) Kuntze</small> * ''Clematis orientalis subsp. brachiata'' <small>(Thunb.) Kuntze</small> * ''Clematis orientalis var. subglabra'' <small>Kuntze</small> * ''Clematis petersiana'' <small>Klotzsch</small> * ''Clematis stewartiae'' <small>Burtt Davy</small> * ''Clematis stewartiae var. wilmsii'' <small>Burtt Davy</small> * ''Clematis thunbergii var. congensis'' <small>A.Chev.</small> * ''Clematis tibestica'' <small>Quézel</small> * ''Clematis triloba var. congensis'' <small>(A.Chev.) M.Johnson</small> }} Die '''diewekruid'''<ref>klimop, lemoenbloeisel, sinkingswortel</ref> (''Clematis brachiata'') is 'n plant wat [[inheems]] is aan [[Suid-Afrika]], [[Namibië]], [[Eswatini]], [[Lesotho]] en [[Botswana]]. Dit kom in alle provinsies behalwe [[Noord-Kaap]] voor en dit is op die [[SANBI-rooilys]] as 'veilig' (LC) gelys.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://redlist.sanbi.org/species.php?species=2009-1 |title=SANBI-rooilys |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200503232427/http://redlist.sanbi.org/species.php?species=2009-1 |archive-date=3 Mei 2020 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Dit is 'n bladwisselende [[rankplant|kruip- of klimplant]] wat tot 5&nbsp;m hoog kan klim. In die somer en herfs is dit bedek met talle klein, welriekende, roomwit blomme met 'n geel hart wat die indruk van sneeu skep. Die plant word dikwels vir sy medisinale eienskappe gebruik. Die blare word in skoene of onder saals gebruik om verwondings teen te werk. Die blare word ook as tee gebruik teen [[verkoue]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantcd/clembrach.htm |title=PlantZAfrica |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111022721/http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantcd/clembrach.htm |archive-date=11 November 2016 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all |access-date=25 Desember 2016 }}</ref> == Fotogalery == <gallery> Clematis brachiata, blomme, Buffelsdrift, a.jpg Clematis brachiata, blomme, Groenkloof NR.jpg Clematis brachiata, Phalandingwe.jpg Clematis brachiata, vrughofie, Pretoriuskloof, a.jpg Clematis brachiata00.jpg Clematis brachiata02.jpg Clematis brachiata03.jpg</gallery> == Verwysings == {{Verwysings}} {{Taksonbalk}} [[Kategorie:Clematis|brachiata]] [[Kategorie:Flora van Botswana]] [[Kategorie:Flora van Lesotho]] [[Kategorie:Flora van Namibië]] [[Kategorie:Flora van Suid-Afrika]] [[Kategorie:Flora van Eswatini]] l5deib5mgh70b27k5mfxzplw9u8vez8 2917018 2917017 2026-07-11T18:25:44Z Oesjaar 7467 Vervang taksoboks met spesieboks. 2917018 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Spesieboks | status = LC | status_system = iucn3.1 | name = Diewekruid | image = | taxon = Clematis brachiata | authority = [[Carl Peter Thunberg|Thunb.]], (1800) | synonyms =* ''Clematis biloba'' <small>Steud.</small><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2725706 |title=Plant List |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190913155707/http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2725706 |archive-date=13 September 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all |access-date=25 Desember 2016 }}</ref> * ''Clematis brachiata'' <small>Ker Gawl.</small> * ''Clematis brachiata var. burkei'' <small>Burtt Davy</small> * ''Clematis comosa'' <small>DC.</small> * ''Clematis kerrii'' <small>Steud.</small> * ''Clematis massoniana'' <small>DC.</small> * ''Clematis orientalis f. massoniana'' <small>(DC.) Kuntze</small> * ''Clematis orientalis subsp. brachiata'' <small>(Thunb.) Kuntze</small> * ''Clematis orientalis var. subglabra'' <small>Kuntze</small> * ''Clematis petersiana'' <small>Klotzsch</small> * ''Clematis stewartiae'' <small>Burtt Davy</small> * ''Clematis stewartiae var. wilmsii'' <small>Burtt Davy</small> * ''Clematis thunbergii var. congensis'' <small>A.Chev.</small> * ''Clematis tibestica'' <small>Quézel</small> * ''Clematis triloba var. congensis'' <small>(A.Chev.) M.Johnson</small> }} Die '''diewekruid'''<ref>klimop, lemoenbloeisel, sinkingswortel</ref> (''Clematis brachiata'') is 'n plant wat [[inheems]] is aan [[Suid-Afrika]], [[Namibië]], [[Eswatini]], [[Lesotho]] en [[Botswana]]. Dit kom in alle provinsies behalwe [[Noord-Kaap]] voor en dit is op die [[SANBI-rooilys]] as 'veilig' (LC) gelys.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://redlist.sanbi.org/species.php?species=2009-1 |title=SANBI-rooilys |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200503232427/http://redlist.sanbi.org/species.php?species=2009-1 |archive-date=3 Mei 2020 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Dit is 'n bladwisselende [[rankplant|kruip- of klimplant]] wat tot 5&nbsp;m hoog kan klim. In die somer en herfs is dit bedek met talle klein, welriekende, roomwit blomme met 'n geel hart wat die indruk van sneeu skep. Die plant word dikwels vir sy medisinale eienskappe gebruik. Die blare word in skoene of onder saals gebruik om verwondings teen te werk. Die blare word ook as tee gebruik teen [[verkoue]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantcd/clembrach.htm |title=PlantZAfrica |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111022721/http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantcd/clembrach.htm |archive-date=11 November 2016 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all |access-date=25 Desember 2016 }}</ref> == Fotogalery == <gallery> Clematis brachiata flower.jpg Clematis brachiata, blomme, Buffelsdrift, a.jpg Clematis brachiata, blomme, Groenkloof NR.jpg Clematis brachiata, Phalandingwe.jpg Clematis brachiata, vrughofie, Pretoriuskloof, a.jpg Clematis brachiata00.jpg Clematis brachiata02.jpg Clematis brachiata03.jpg</gallery> == Verwysings == {{Verwysings}} {{Taksonbalk}} [[Kategorie:Clematis|brachiata]] [[Kategorie:Flora van Botswana]] [[Kategorie:Flora van Lesotho]] [[Kategorie:Flora van Namibië]] [[Kategorie:Flora van Suid-Afrika]] [[Kategorie:Flora van Eswatini]] jp96fls7a2xtl4qebev7vm7z6rduyki 0 120796 2916984 2914775 2026-07-11T12:18:18Z Aliwal2012 39067 /* Renuitslag */ 2916984 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infoboks Grand Prix wedren verslag |Type = F1 |Country = Suid-Afrika |Flag_suffix = 1928 |Grand Prix = Suid-Afrikaanse |Date = 1 Maart |Year = 1980 |Race_No = 3 |Season_No = 14 |Previous_round = 1980 Brasiliaanse Grand Prix |Next_round = 1980 Verenigde State Wes Grand Prix |Image = Kyalami 1961 - 1988 Layout.png |Caption = Kyalami Grand Prix-renbaan (1967–1985) |Official name = XXIV [[Suid-Afrikaanse Grand Prix]] |Location = [[Kyalami Grand Prix-renbaan|Kyalami]], [[Midrand]]<br />[[Transvaal]], [[Suid-Afrika]] |Course = Permanente renfasiliteit |Course_mi = 2.550 |Course_km = 4.104 |Distance_laps = 78 |Distance_mi = 198.908 |Distance_km = 320.112 |Weather = Sonnig |Pole_Driver = [[Jean-Pierre Jabouille]] |Pole_Team = [[Renault F1|Renault]] |Pole_Time = 1:10.00 |Pole_Country = Frankryk |Fast_Driver = [[René Arnoux]] |Fast_Team = [[Renault F1|Renault]] |Fast_Time = 1:13.15 |Fast_Lap = 51 |Fast_Country = Frankryk |First_Driver = [[René Arnoux]] |First_Team = [[Renault F1|Renault]] |First_Country = Frankryk |Second_Driver = [[Jacques Laffite]] |Second_Team = [[Equipe Ligier|Ligier]]-[[Cosworth|Ford]] |Second_Country = Frankryk |Third_Driver = [[Didier Pironi]] |Third_Team = [[Equipe Ligier|Ligier]]-[[Cosworth|Ford]] |Third_Country = Frankryk }} Die '''[[1980]] [[Formule Een]] [[Suid-Afrikaanse Grand Prix]]''' is op [[1 Maart]] [[1980]] op die [[Kyalami Grand Prix-renbaan]] in [[Midrand]], [[Suid-Afrika]] gehou. Dit was die derde wedren van die kampioenskapseisoen en is deur die [[Frankryk|Fransman]] [[René Arnoux]] in 'n [[Renault F1|Renault]] gewen. == Renuitslag == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%" ! Pos ! No ! Bestuurder ! Span ! Rondtes ! Tyd/Rede ! Rooster ! Punte |- ! 1 | 16 | {{FR-VLAG}} '''[[René Arnoux]]''' | '''[[Renault F1|Renault]]''' | 78 | 1:36:52.54 | 2 | '''9''' |- ! 2 | 26 | {{FR-VLAG}} '''[[Jacques Laffite]]''' | '''[[Equipe Ligier|Ligier]]-[[Cosworth|Ford]]''' | 78 | +34.07 | 4 | '''6''' |- ! 3 | 25 | {{FR-VLAG}} '''[[Didier Pironi]]''' | '''[[Equipe Ligier|Ligier]]-[[Cosworth|Ford]]''' | 78 | +52.49 | 5 | '''4''' |- ! 4 | 5 | {{BR-VLAG}} '''[[Nelson Piquet]]''' | '''[[Brabham]]-[[Cosworth|Ford]]''' | 78 | +61.02 | 3 | '''3''' |- ! 5 | 28 | {{AR-VLAG}} '''[[Carlos Reutemann]]''' | '''[[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Cosworth|Ford]]''' | 77 | +1 rondte | 6 | '''2''' |- ! 6 | 30 | {{DE-VLAG}} '''[[Jochen Mass]]''' | '''Arrows-[[Cosworth|Ford]]''' | 77 | +1 rondte | 19 | '''1''' |- ! 7 | 3 | {{FR-VLAG}} Jean-Pierre Jarier | [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Cosworth|Ford]] | 77 | +1 rondte | 13 | |- ! 8 | 20 | {{BR-VLAG}} [[Emerson Fittipaldi]] | Fittipaldi-[[Cosworth|Ford]] | 77 | +1 rondte | 18 | |- ! 9 | 14 | {{CH-VLAG}} [[Clay Regazzoni]] | Ensign-[[Cosworth|Ford]] | 77 | +1 rondte | 20 | |- ! 10 | 6 | {{AR-VLAG}} Ricardo Zunino | [[Brabham]]-[[Cosworth|Ford]] | 77 | +1 rondte | 17 | |- ! 11 | 7 | {{GB-VLAG}} [[John Watson]] | [[McLaren]]-[[Cosworth|Ford]] | 76 | +2 rondtes | 21 | |- ! 12 | 11 | {{US-VLAG}} [[Mario Andretti]] | [[Lotus F1-span|Lotus]]-[[Cosworth|Ford]] | 76 | +2 rondtes | 15 | |- ! 13 | 17 | {{GB-VLAG}} Geoff Lees | Shadow-[[Cosworth|Ford]] | 70 | suspensie | 24 | |} ''Die res van die veld het uitgeval, en kon dus nie die wedren voltooi nie.'' {{F1GP 1980–1989}} [[Kategorie:Sport in Johannesburg]] [[Kategorie:Suid-Afrikaanse Grand Prix]] [[Kategorie:Sport in 1980|Suid-Afrika]] 5jc1ogkgxgxm6r6jcrd2u8jk8sila2d 0 126074 2917056 2916911 2026-07-12T00:20:43Z Maximiliaan Ronaldszoon 194050 /* 16de eindrondte */ 2917056 wikitext text/x-wiki {{sportnuus}} {{Inligtingskas internasionale sokkerkompetisie | titel = FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbeker | jaar = 2026 | bo = 2026 FIFA World Cup {{en}}<br />Copa Mundial de Fútbol 2026 {{es}}<br />Coupe du monde de football de 2026 {{fr}} | beeld = 2026 FIFA World Cup emblem.svg | grootte = 175px | onderskrif = | land = Kanada | land-vlagpar = | land2 = Meksiko | land2-vlagpar = | land3 = Verenigde State | land3-vlagpar = | stad = | datums = 11 Junie – 19 Julie | konfederasies = 6 | num_spanne = 48 | stadions = 16 | stede = 16 | kampioen = | aantal = | tweede = | derde = | vierde = | wedstryde = 98 | doele = 285 | bywoning = 6393887 | top_puntemaker = {{vlagikoon|Argentinië}} [[Lionel Messi]]<br />{{vlagikoon|Frankryk}} [[Kylian Mbappé]] (8) | speler = | vorige = [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2022|2022]] | volgende = [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2030|2030]] }} Die 23ste '''[[FIFA]] [[Sokker-Wêreldbeker]]toernooi''' ([[Engels]]: ''2026 FIFA World Cup''; [[Spaans]]: ''Copa Mundial de Fútbol 2026''; [[Frans]]: ''Coupe du monde de football de 2026'') word van 11 Junie tot 19 Julie 2026 in [[Kanada]], [[Meksiko]] en die [[Verenigde State van Amerika|Verenigde State]] beslis.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/13/sports/world-cup/fifa-2026-vote-north-america-morocco.html |title=World Cup 2026: United States, Canada and Mexico Win FIFA Vote |publisher=[[The New York Times]] |date=13 Junie 2018 |accessdate=10 Julie 2026}}</ref> FIFA het op 13 Junie 2018, net voor die [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2018]] in [[Rusland]], die gasheerlande aangekondig. Dit is die eerste toernooi wat deur drie lande saam aangebied word. Daarbenewens is dit die vierde toernooi in [[Noord-Amerika]], die eerste in Kanada, die tweede in die Verenigde State ná die [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1994|1994-toernooi]], asook die derde in Meksiko ná die [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1970|1970-]] en [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1986|1986-toernooie]]. Kandidate vir gasheer was [[Marokko]] asook die gemeenskaplike Noord-Amerikaanse bod.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/news/y=2017/m=5/news=fifa-congress-confirms-next-steps-of-the-bidding-process-for-the-2026--2883665.html?intcmp=fifacom_hp_module_news_top |title=FIFA Congress confirms next steps of the bidding process for the 2026 FIFA World Cup |publisher=[[FIFA]] |date=11 Mei 2017 |accessdate=15 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915095957/https://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/news/y=2017/m=5/news=fifa-congress-confirms-next-steps-of-the-bidding-process-for-the-2026--2883665.html?intcmp=fifacom_hp_module_news_top |archive-date=15 September 2018 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> [[Lêer:FIFA World Cup Icon (Campionato mondiale di calcio).svg|duimnael|links|upright|Die Sokker-Wêreldbekertrofee waarom meegeding word]] Die toernooi word vir die eerste keer deur 48 nasionale spanne beslis, waaronder dié van die drie gasheerlande.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/news/y=2017/m=1/news=fifa-council-unanimously-decides-on-expansion-of-the-fifa-world-cuptm--2863100.html |title=Unanimous decision expands FIFA World Cup™ to 48 teams from 2026 |publisher=[[FIFA]] |date=10 Januarie 2017 |accessdate=11 Desember 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181211213938/https://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/news/y=2017/m=1/news=fifa-council-unanimously-decides-on-expansion-of-the-fifa-world-cuptm--2863100.html |archive-date=11 Desember 2018 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Die spanne is in twaalf groepe van vier elk verdeel, waarvan die twee beste spanne van elke groep en die agt beste derdeplek-spanne na die 16de eindrondte deurdring. Altesaam 104 wedstryde word gespeel, waarvan 78 in die Verenigde State en 13 elk in Kanada en Meksiko.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/live-blogs/world-cup-2026-schedule-announcement-live-updates-final/r7oDr4oG9qK4/ |title=World Cup 2026 schedule announcement live updates: Latest as FIFA selects host city for final |publisher=[[The New York Times]] |author=Dominski Michael |date=4 Februarie 2024 |accessdate=10 Julie 2026}}</ref> Die FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2026 is die langste toernooi volgens beide aantal deelnemende spanne en wedstryde. Die nasionale sokkerspanne van [[Curaçao]], [[Kaap Verde]], [[Jordanië]] en [[Oesbekistan]] het vir die eerste keer aan 'n Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi deelgeneem.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/c79ve0qzy9go |title=Who are the 2026 World Cup debutants? |publisher=[[BBC]] |author=Gary Rose |date=5 Desember 2025 |accessdate=10 Julie 2026}}</ref> [[Suid-Afrikaanse nasionale sokkerspan|Suid-Afrika]] het vir die eerste keer sedert 2010 weer aan 'n Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi deelgeneem, maar hulle het in die 16de eindrondte teen die medegasheer Kanada vasgeval. Al drie die gashere is in die agtste eindrondte uitgeskakel. == Toewysing == [[Lêer:Mapa Candidaturas Mundial Fútbol 2026.png|duimnael|400px| {{sleutel|red|Kandidaat vir 2026}} {{sleutel|#a244ff|Gekanselleerde bod}} {{sleutel|#ff6600|Onverkiesbaar vir 2026}}]] [[Lêer:2026 world cup bid election.png|duimnael|400px|FIFA-lede en hul stemme vir die kandidate: {| ! Toegelaat om te stem !! Onbevoeg om te stem |- |{{sleutel|#867650|Stem vir die Verenigde bod}}||{{sleutel|#FFBD41|Kanada-Meksiko-Verenigde State}} |- |{{sleutel|#2770AB|Stem vir die Marokkaanse bod}}||{{sleutel|#55208D|Marokko}} |- |{{sleutel|#008E2A|Neutraal}}||{{sleutel|#000000|Geskors}} |- |{{sleutel|#B32A2F|Onthouding}}||{{sleutel|#C1C1C1|Nie 'n geassosieerde FIFA-lid}} |}]] Volgens FIFA se beleid mag net al om die derde toernooi deur dieselfde kontinentale beheerliggaam aangebied word. Lande van [[AFC]] en [[UEFA]] was dus onverkiesbaar vir 2026, omdat die [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2018|2018-toernooi]] aan [[Rusland]] en die [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2022|2022-toernooi]] aan [[Katar]] toegewys is.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/7067187.stm |title=Fifa abandons World Cup rotation |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=29 Oktober 2007 |accessdate=10 Julie 2026}}</ref> Kanada, Meksiko en die Verenigde State is op 13 Junie 2018 in [[Moskou]] deur FIFA gekies as die gasheerlande vir die FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2026. Die enigste ander kandidaatland was Marokko. Die FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2026 is een van vyf groot internasionale sporttoernooie wat die Verenigde State binne een dekade aanbied, saam met die [[T20I-wêreldbeker 2024]] (saam met [[Wes-Indië]]), die [[Olimpiese Somerspele 2028]], die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2031]] en die [[Vrouerugbywêreldbeker 2033]].<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.wpp.com/en/wpp-iq/2022/09/helping-sports-to-cross-the-atlantic |title=Helping sports to cross the Atlantic |publisher=WPP |author=Dominic Grainger |date=30 September 2022 |accessdate=10 Julie 2026}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://lastwordonsports.com/rugby/2022/05/12/usa-rugby-2033-womens-rugby-2031-rugby-world-cup-hosts/ |title=USA Rugby: 2033 Women’s Rugby and 2031 Rugby World Cup Hosts |publisher=Last Word On Sports |author=Raheem Bashir |date=12 Mei 2022 |accessdate=7 Januarie 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240107190038/https://lastwordonsports.com/rugby/2022/05/12/usa-rugby-2033-womens-rugby-2031-rugby-world-cup-hosts/ |archive-date=7 Januarie 2024 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.cityam.com/us-and-mexico-launch-bid-for-2027-football-womens-world-cup/ |title=US and Mexico launch bid for 2027 football Women’s World Cup |publisher=City A.M. |author=Matt Hardy |date=20 April 2023 |accessdate=10 Julie 2026}}</ref> Die stemming het as volg verloop: {|class="wikitable collapsible" ! colspan="7" | Stemming vir gasheer van die FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2026<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/77948410df016fb/original/vpnl19m2xr8zk50mnor3-pdf.pdf |title=Voting Results for the 2026 FIFA World Cup |publisher=[[FIFA]] |date=13 Junie 2018 |accessdate=10 Julie 2026}}</ref> |- ! Land | style="background:silver;" | '''Rondte 1''' |- | {{vlagland|Kanada}}, {{vlagland|Meksiko}}, {{vlagland|Verenigde State}} || style="text-align:center;" | '''134''' |- | {{vlagland|Marokko}} || style="text-align:center;" | 65 |} == Kwalifisering == Die gashere Kanada, Meksiko en die Verenigde State se spanne het regstreeks vir die FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2026 gekwalifiseer. Van die 45 oorblywende plekke was 16 vir [[UEFA]] ([[Europa]]) gereserveer, nege vir [[CAF]] ([[Afrika]]), agt vir [[AFC]] ([[Asië]]), ses vir [[CONMEBOL]] ([[Suid-Amerika]]), drie vir [[CONCACAF]] ([[Karibiese gebied]], [[Noord-Amerika|Noord]]- en [[Sentraal-Amerika]]) en een vir [[OFC]] ([[Oseanië]]). Twee plekke is tydens uitspeelwedstryde tussen Afrika en Noord-/Sentraal-Amerika en tussen Suid-Amerika en Oseanië beslis. Die kontinentale kwalifiseringswedstryde is tussen 7 September 2023 en 31 Maart 2026 beslis. Weens die [[Russiese inval in Oekraïne sedert 2022|voortgesette Russiese inval in Oekraïne sedert 2022]] het [[Rusland]] se skorsing deur beide [[FIFA]] en UEFA bly voortbestaan.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/c4gry9zp412o |title=Why are Russia still playing international football despite ban? |publisher=[[BBC]] |author=Daniel Austin |date=6 Junie 2025 |accessdate=10 Julie 2026}}</ref> Vir die eerste keer neem agt [[Arabiere|Arabiese]] lande ([[Algerië]], [[Egipte]], [[Irak]], [[Jordanië]], [[Katar]], [[Marokko]], [[Saoedi-Arabië]] en [[Tunisië]]) aan dieselfde Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi deel.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://sana.sy/en/sport/2307218/ |title=Eight Arab teams make history at the 2026 World Cup |publisher=Syrian Arab News Agency |date=1 April 2026 |accessdate=10 Julie 2026}}</ref> Noemenswaardige lande wat nie gekwalifiseer het nie sluit in die viermalige wêreldbekerwenner [[Italië]], [[Denemarke]], [[Kameroen]], [[Nigerië]] en [[Pole]].<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://supersport.com/football/news/9d3ac852-85ce-4a3a-839b-08f9774070d0/top-five-giants-who-will-miss-the-2026-fifa-world-cup |title=Top five giants who will miss the 2026 FIFA World Cup |publisher=[[SuperSport]] |date=1 April 2026 |accessdate=10 Julie 2026}}</ref> === Kwalifiserende spanne === Die volgende 48 spanne het vir die hooftoernooi gekwalifiseer:<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026/articles/world-cup-2026-who-has-qualified |title=Qualified teams for the FIFA World Cup 26 |publisher=[[FIFA]] |date=18 November 2025 |accessdate=10 Julie 2026}}</ref> [[Lêer:2026 world cup qualification map.svg|duimnael|400px|Uitslag van die kwalifisering: {{sleutel|#cccccc|Nie ’n geassosieerde lid van FIFA nie}} {{sleutel|#000000|Land het homself onttrek of is geskors}} {{sleutel|#ffcc00|Land het nie gekwalifiseer nie}} {{sleutel|#2ad4ff|Land neem aan die kwalifisering deel}} {{sleutel|#0000ff|Land het gekwalifiseer}}]] {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !width=165|Span !width=80|Verskynings by eindstryde !width=50|Agtereen-volgende deelnames !width=80|Laaste verskyning !width=80|Vorige beste prestasie |- |align="left"|{{vlagland|Algerië}} |5de||1||[[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2014|2014]]||Agtste eindrondte <small>([[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2014|2014]])</small> |- |align="left"|{{vlagland|Argentinië}} |19de||14||[[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2022|2022]]||'''Kampioen''' <small>([[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1978|1978]], [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1986|1986]], [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2022|2022]])</small> |- |align="left"|{{vlagland|Australië}} |7de||6||[[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2022|2022]]||Agtste eindrondte <small>([[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2006|2006]], [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2022|2022]])</small> |- |align="left"|{{vlagland|België}} |15de||4||[[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2022|2022]]||Derde plek <small>([[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2018|2018]])</small> |- |align="left"|{{vlagland|Bosnië en Herzegowina}} |2de||1||[[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2014|2014]]||Groepfase <small>([[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2014|2014]])</small> |- |align="left"|{{vlagland|Brasilië}} |23ste||23||[[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2022|2022]]||'''Kampioen''' <small>([[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1958|1958]], [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1962|1962]], [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1970|1970]], [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1994|1994]], [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2002|2002]])</small> |- |align="left"|{{vlagland|Colombia}} |7de||1||[[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2018|2018]]||Kwarteindrondte <small>([[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2014|2014]])</small> |- |align="left"|{{vlagland|Curaçao}} |1ste||1||–||Debuut |- |align="left"|{{vlagland|Duitsland}} |21ste||19||[[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2022|2022]]||'''Kampioen''' <small>([[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1954|1954]], [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1974|1974]], [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1990|1990]], [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2014|2014]])</small> |- |align="left"|{{vlagland|Ecuador}} |5de||2||[[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2022|2022]]||Agtste eindrondte <small>([[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2006|2006]])</small> |- |align="left"|{{vlagland|Egipte}} |4de||1||[[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2018|2018]]||Groepfase <small>([[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1934|1934]], [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1990|1990]], [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2018|2018]])</small> |- |align="left"|{{vlagland|Engeland}} |17de||8||[[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2022|2022]]||'''Kampioen''' <small>([[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1966|1966]])</small> |- |align="left"|{{vlagland|Frankryk}} |17de||8||[[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2022|2022]]||'''Kampioen''' <small>([[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1998|1998]], [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2018|2018]])</small> |- |align="left"|{{vlagland|Ghana}} |5de||2||[[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2010|2010]]||Kwarteindrondte <small>([[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2010|2010]])</small> |- |align="left"|{{vlagland|Haïti}} |2de||1||[[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1974|1974]]||Groepfase <small>([[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1974|1974]])</small> |- |align="left"|{{vlagland|Irak}} |2de||1||[[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1986|1986]]||Groepfase <small>([[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1986|1986]])</small> |- |align="left"|{{vlagland|Iran}} |7de||4||[[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2022|2022]]||Groepfase <small>([[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1978|1978]], [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1998|1998]], [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2006|2006]], [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2014|2014]], [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2018|2018]], [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2022|2022]])</small> |- |align="left"|{{vlagland|Ivoorkus}} |4de||1||[[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2014|2014]]||Groepfase <small>([[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2006|2006]], [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2010|2010]], [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2014|2014]])</small> |- |align="left"|{{vlagland|Japan}} |8ste||8||[[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2022|2022]]||Agtste eindrondte <small>([[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2002|2002]], [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2010|2010]], [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2018|2018]], [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2022|2022]])</small> |- |align="left"|{{vlagland|Jordanië}} |1ste||1||–||Debuut |- |align="left"|{{vlagland|Kaap Verde}} |1ste||1||–||Debuut |- |align="left"|{{vlagland|Kanada}} |3de||2||[[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2022|2022]]||Groepfase <small>([[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1986|1986]], [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2022|2022]])</small> |- |align="left"|{{vlagland|Katar}} |2de||2||[[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2022|2022]]||Groepfase <small>([[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2022|2022]])</small> |- |align="left"|{{vlagikoon|Demokratiese Republiek die Kongo}} [[Demokratiese Republiek die Kongo|DR Kongo]] |2de||1||[[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1974|1974]]||Groepfase <small>([[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1974|1974]])</small> |- |align="left"|{{vlagland|Kroasië}} |7de||4||[[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2022|2022]]||Naaswenner <small>([[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2018|2018]])</small> |- |align="left"|{{vlagland|Marokko}} |7de||3||[[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2022|2022]]||Vierde plek <small>([[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2022|2022]])</small> |- |align="left"|{{vlagland|Meksiko}} |18de||9||[[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2022|2022]]||Kwarteindrondte <small>([[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1970|1970]], [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1986|1986]])</small> |- |align="left"|{{vlagland|Nederland}} |12de||2||[[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2022|2022]]||Naaswenner <small>([[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1974|1974]], [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1978|1978]], [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2010|2010]])</small> |- |align="left"|{{vlagland|Nieu-Seeland}} |3de||1||[[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2010|2010]]||Groepfase <small>([[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1982|1982]], [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2010|2010]])</small> |- |align="left"|{{vlagland|Noorweë}} |4de||1||[[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1998|1998]]||Agtste eindrondte <small>([[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1998|1998]])</small> |- |align="left"|{{vlagland|Oesbekistan}} |1ste||1||–||Debuut |- |align="left"|{{vlagland|Oostenryk}} |9de||1||[[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1998|1998]]||Derde plek <small>([[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1954|1954]])</small> |- |align="left"|{{vlagland|Panama}} |2de||1||[[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2018|2018]]||Groepfase <small>([[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2018|2018]])</small> |- |align="left"|{{vlagland|Paraguay}} |9de||1||[[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2010|2010]]||Kwarteindrondte <small>([[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2010|2010]])</small> |- |align="left"|{{vlagland|Portugal}} |9de||7||[[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2022|2022]]||Derde plek <small>([[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1966|1966]])</small> |- |align="left"|{{vlagland|Saoedi-Arabië}} |7de||3||[[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2022|2022]]||Agtste eindrondte <small>([[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1994|1994]])</small> |- |align="left"|{{vlagland|Senegal}} |4de||3||[[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2022|2022]]||Kwarteindrondte <small>([[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2002|2002]])</small> |- |align="left"|{{vlagland|Skotland}} |10de||1||[[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1998|1998]]||Groepfase <small>([[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1954|1954]], [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1958|1958]], [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1974|1974]], [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1978|1978]], [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1982|1982]], [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1986|1986]], [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1990|1990]], [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1998|1998]])</small> |- |align="left"|{{vlagland|Spanje}} |17de||13||[[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2022|2022]]||'''Kampioen''' <small>([[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2010|2010]])</small> |- |align="left"|{{vlagland|Suid-Afrika}} |4de||1||[[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2010|2010]]||Groepfase <small>([[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1998|1998]], [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2002|2002]], [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2010|2010]])</small> |- |align="left"|{{vlagland|Suid-Korea}} |12de||11||[[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2022|2022]]||Vierde plek <small>([[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2002|2002]])</small> |- |align="left"|{{vlagland|Swede}} |13de||1||[[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2018|2018]]||Naaswenner <small>([[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1958|1958]])</small> |- |align="left"|{{vlagland|Switserland}} |13de||6||[[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2022|2022]]||Kwarteindrondte <small>([[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1934|1934]], [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1938|1938]], [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1954|1954]])</small> |- |align="left"|{{vlagland|Tsjeggië}} |9de||2||[[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2006|2006]]||Naaswenner <small>([[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1934|1934]], [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1962|1962]])</small> |- |align="left"|{{vlagland|Tunisië}} |7de||3||[[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2022|2022]]||Groepfase <small>([[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1978|1978]], [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1998|1998]], [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2002|2002]], [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2006|2006]], [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2018|2018]], [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2022|2022]])</small> |- |align="left"|{{vlagland|Turkye}} |2de||1||[[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2002|2002]]||Derde plek <small>([[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2002|2002]])</small> |- |align="left"|{{vlagland|Uruguay}} |15de||5||[[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2022|2022]]||'''Kampioen''' <small>([[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1930|1930]], [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1950|1950]])</small> |- |align="left"|{{vlagland|Verenigde State}} |12de||2||[[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2022|2022]]||Derde plek <small>([[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1930|1930]])</small> |} == Stadions == Die 104 wedstryde word op die volgende 16 stadions gespeel, waarvan twee in Kanada, drie in Meksiko en elf in die Verenigde State:<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.olympics.com/en/news/fifa-world-cup-2026-full-list-stadiums-mexico-canada-usa |title=FIFA World Cup 2026: Full list of stadiums for the men's event in Canada, Mexico, and the United States |publisher=[[Internasionale Olimpiese Komitee]] |author=Sebastian Mikkelsen |date=28 September 2023 |accessdate=10 Julie 2026}}</ref> <center> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" ! {{vlagikoon|Meksiko}} [[Meksikostad]]<ref name="bid_cities">{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/3c077448dcd5c0ab/original/w3yjeu7dadt5erw26wmu-pdf.pdf |title=United 2026 bid book |publisher=[[FIFA]] |accessdate=10 Julie 2026}}</ref> ! {{vlagikoon|Verenigde State}} [[New York]]/[[New Jersey]]<ref name="bid_cities" /> ! {{vlagikoon|Verenigde State}} [[Dallas]]–[[Fort Worth]]<ref name="bid_cities" /> ! {{vlagikoon|Verenigde State}} [[Kansas City]]<ref name="bid_cities" /> |- | [[Azteca-stadion]]<br />'''(Estadio Banorte)'''<br /> | [[MetLife-stadion]]<br />'''(New York/New Jersey-stadion)'''<br /><small>([[East Rutherford]])</small> | [[AT&T-stadion]]<br />'''(Dallas-stadion)'''<br /><small>([[Arlington, Texas|Arlington]])</small> | [[Arrowhead-stadion]]<br />'''(Kansas City-stadion)''' |- | <small>{{Koördinate|19|18|11|N|99|9|2|W|aansig=inlyn|name=Azteca-stadion}}</small> | <small>{{Koördinate|40|48|48.7|N|74|4|27.7|W|aansig=inlyn|name=MetLife-stadion}}</small> | <small>{{Koördinate|32|44|52|N|97|5|34|W|aansig=inlyn|name=AT&T-stadion}}</small> | <small>{{Koördinate|39|2|56|N|94|29|2|W|aansig=inlyn|name=Arrowhead-stadion}}</small> |- | Kapasiteit: '''83&nbsp;000'''<ref name="Kapasiteit">{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026/articles/world-cup-2026-stadiums-fifa-soccer-football-mexico-usa-canada |title=The FIFA World Cup 26™ stadiums |publisher=[[FIFA]] |date=15 Julie 2025 |accessdate=10 Julie 2026}}</ref> | Kapasiteit: '''82&nbsp;500'''<ref name="Kapasiteit" /> | Kapasiteit: '''94&nbsp;000'''<ref name="Kapasiteit" /> | Kapasiteit: '''73&nbsp;000'''<ref name="Kapasiteit" /> |- | [[Lêer:Vista aérea del Estadio Azteca - 2026 - 02.jpg|200px]] | [[Lêer:Copa America game between Columbia vs Peru at the MetLife Stadium.jpg|200px]] | [[Lêer:Cowboys stadium inside view 4.JPG|200px]] | [[Lêer:25 July 2010 Kansas City Wizards vs Manchester United friendly.jpg|200px]] |- ! {{vlagikoon|Verenigde State}} [[Houston]]<ref name="bid_cities" /> ! {{vlagikoon|Verenigde State}} [[Atlanta]]<ref name="bid_cities" /> ! {{vlagikoon|Verenigde State}} [[Los Angeles]]<ref name="bid_cities" /><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.lasec.net/los-angeles-2026/ |title=Los Angeles 2026 |publisher=Los Angeles Sports & Entertainment Commission |accessdate=29 Junie 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629172852/https://www.lasec.net/los-angeles-2026/ |archive-date=29 Junie 2021 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> ! {{vlagikoon|Verenigde State}} [[Philadelphia]]<ref name="bid_cities" /> |- | [[NRG-stadion]]<br />'''(Houston-stadion)''' | [[Mercedes-Benz-stadion]]<br />'''(Atlanta-stadion)''' | [[SoFi-stadion]]<br />'''(Los Angeles-stadion)'''<br /><small>([[Inglewood, Kalifornië|Inglewood]])</small> | [[Lincoln Financial Field]]<br />'''(Philadelphia-stadion)''' |- | <small>{{Koördinate|29|41|5|N|95|24|39|W|aansig=inlyn|name=NRG-stadion}}</small> | <small>{{Koördinate|33|45|20|N|84|24|0|W|aansig=inlyn|name=Mercedes-Benz-stadion}}</small> | <small>{{Koördinate|33|57|10.8|N|118|20|20.4|W|aansig=inlyn|name=SoFi-stadion}}</small> | <small>{{Koördinate|39|54|3|N|75|10|3|W|aansig=inlyn|name=Lincoln Financial Field}}</small> |- | Kapasiteit: '''72&nbsp;000'''<ref name="Kapasiteit" /> | Kapasiteit: '''75&nbsp;000'''<ref name="Kapasiteit" /> | Kapasiteit: '''70&nbsp;000'''<ref name="Kapasiteit" /> | Kapasiteit: '''69&nbsp;000'''<ref name="Kapasiteit" /> |- | [[Lêer:USA vs Argentina (Moments before Messi kicked a goal - color).jpg|200px]] | [[Lêer:2017 Orlando City at Atlanta United MLS Game.jpg|200px]] | [[Lêer:SoFi Stadium interior 2021.jpg|200px]] | [[Lêer:United States v Paraguay, Copa América Centenario (cropped).jpg|200px]] |- ! {{vlagikoon|Verenigde State}} [[Seattle]]<ref name="bid_cities" /> ! {{vlagikoon|Verenigde State}} [[San Francisco]]<ref name="bid_cities" /> ! {{vlagikoon|Verenigde State}} [[Boston]]<ref name="bid_cities" /> ! {{vlagikoon|Verenigde State}} [[Miami]]<ref name="bid_cities" /> |- | [[Lumen Field]]<br />'''(Seattle-stadion)''' | [[Levi's-stadion]]<br />'''(San Franciscobaaigebiedstadion)'''<br /><small>([[Santa Clara, Kalifornië|Santa Clara]])</small> | [[Gillette-stadion]]<br />'''(Boston-stadion)'''<br /><small>([[Foxborough, Massachusetts|Foxborough]])</small> | [[Hard Rock-stadion]]<br />'''(Miami-stadion)'''<br /><small>([[Miami Gardens, Florida|Miami Gardens]])</small> |- | <small>{{Koördinate|47|35|42.72|N|122|19|53.76|W|aansig=inlyn|name=Lumen Field}}</small> | <small>{{Koördinate|37|24|10.8|N|121|58|12|W|aansig=inlyn|name=Levi's-stadion}}</small> | <small>{{Koördinate|42|5|27.6|N|71|15|50.4|W|aansig=inlyn|name=Gillette-stadion}}</small> | <small>{{Koördinate|25|57|29|N|80|14|20|W|aansig=inlyn|name=Hard Rock-stadion}}</small> |- | Kapasiteit: '''69&nbsp;000'''<ref name="Kapasiteit" /> | Kapasiteit: '''71&nbsp;000'''<ref name="Kapasiteit" /> | Kapasiteit: '''65&nbsp;000'''<ref name="Kapasiteit" /> | Kapasiteit: '''65&nbsp;000'''<ref name="Kapasiteit" /> |- | [[Lêer:2022 CONCACAF Champions League Final - View from southeast end.jpg|200px]] | [[Lêer:Entering Levi's Stadium.JPG|200px]] | [[Lêer:New England Revolution Game; 7.06.2013; 745pm.JPG|200px]] | [[Lêer:Hard Rock Stadium 2017 2.jpg|200px]] |- ! {{vlagikoon|Kanada}} [[Vancouver]]<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026/media-releases/update-on-fifa-world-cup-2026-candidate-host-city-process |title=Update on FIFA World Cup 2026 candidate host city process |publisher=[[FIFA]] |date=14 April 2022 |accessdate=10 Julie 2026}}</ref> ! {{vlagikoon|Meksiko}} [[Monterrey]]<ref name="bid_cities" /> ! {{vlagikoon|Meksiko}} [[Guadalajara]]<ref name="bid_cities" /> ! {{vlagikoon|Kanada}} [[Toronto]]<ref name="bid_cities" /> |- | [[BC Place]]<br />'''(BC Place Vancouver)''' | [[Estadio BBVA]]<br />'''(Estadio Monterrey)'''<br /><small>([[Guadalupe, Nuevo León|Guadalupe]])</small> | [[Estadio Akron]]<br />'''(Estadio Guadalajara)'''<br /><small>([[Zapopan]])</small> | [[BMO Field]]<br />'''(Toronto-stadion)''' |- | <small>{{Koördinate|49|16|36|N|123|6|43|W|aansig=inlyn|name=BC Place}}</small> | <small>{{Koördinate|25|40|9|N|100|14|40|W|aansig=inlyn|name=Estadio BBVA}}</small> | <small>{{Koördinate|20|40|54|N|103|27|46|W|aansig=inlyn|name=Estadio Akron}}</small> | <small>{{Koördinate|43|37|58|N|79|25|7|W|aansig=inlyn|name=BMO Field}}</small> |- | Kapasiteit: '''54&nbsp;000'''<ref name="Kapasiteit" /> | Kapasiteit: '''53&nbsp;500'''<ref name="Kapasiteit" /> | Kapasiteit: '''48&nbsp;000'''<ref name="Kapasiteit" /> | Kapasiteit: '''45&nbsp;000'''<ref name="Kapasiteit" /> |- | [[Lêer:BC Place 2015 Women's FIFA World Cup.jpg|200px]] | [[Lêer:Estadio BBVA Bancomer - Diciembre 2017.jpg|200px]] | [[Lêer:Estadio Akron 02-07-2022 cabecera sur lado derecho.jpg|200px]] | [[Lêer:Bmo Field 2016 East Stand.jpg|200px]] |} {| cellpadding="0" style="border:0 solid darkgrey;" |- style="text-align:center;" |style="border:0 solid blue;"| {{location map+|Kanada|width=250|float=left|caption=Plekke in Kanada|places= {{location map~|Kanada|lat=49.276667|long=-123.111944|label=[[Vancouver]]|position=right}} {{location map~|Kanada|lat=43.633333|long=-79.418611|label=[[Toronto]]|position=left}} }} |style="border:0 solid #777;"| {{location map+|Verenigde State|float=center|width=400|caption=Plekke in die Verenigde State|places= {{location map~|Verenigde State|lat=33.755|long=-84.39|label=[[Atlanta]]|position=right}} {{location map~|Verenigde State|lat=42.358056|long=-71.063611|label=[[Boston]]|position=left}} {{location map~|Verenigde State|lat=32.775833|long=-96.796667|label=[[Dallas]]|position=top}} {{location map~|Verenigde State|lat=29.762778|long=-95.383056|label=[[Houston]]|position=top}} {{location map~|Verenigde State|lat=39.099722|long=-94.578333|label=[[Kansas City]]|position=bottom}} {{location map~|Verenigde State|lat=34.05|long=-118.25|label=[[Los Angeles]]|position=bottom}} {{location map~|Verenigde State|lat=25.775278|long=-80.208889|label=[[Miami]]|position=right}} {{location map~|Verenigde State|lat=40.817097|long=-74.085024|label=[[New York|NY/NJ]]|position=right}} {{location map~|Verenigde State|lat=39.9500|long=-75.1667|label=[[Philadelphia]]|position=left}} {{location map~|Verenigde State|lat=37.354444|long=-121.969167|label=[[San Francisco]]|position=bottom}} {{location map~|Verenigde State|lat=47.5952|long=-122.3316|label=[[Seattle]]|position=bottom}} }} |style="border:0 solid #2a5;"| {{location map+|Meksiko|float=right|width=320|caption=Plekke in Meksiko|places= {{location map~|Meksiko|lat=19.303056|long=-99.150556|label=[[Meksikostad]]|position=bottom}} {{location map~|Meksiko|lat=25.669167|long=-100.244444|label=[[Monterrey]]|position=left}} {{location map~|Meksiko|lat=20.681667|long=-103.462778|label=[[Guadalajara]]|position=left}} }} |}</center> == Formaat == Die FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2026 word oor 39 dae tussen 48 verskillende spanne oor 104 wedstryde beslis. Dit het op 11 Junie 2026 op die Azteca-stadion, Meksikostad, Meksiko, met die openingswedstryd tussen die medegasheer Meksiko en Suid-Afrika afgeskop. Die toernooi eindig op die MetLife-stadion, East Rutherford, Verenigde State, op 19 Julie met die eindstryd, waartydens die wenner die Sokker-Wêreldbekertrofee inpalm. === Kalender === Die volgende tabel dui die FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2026 se daaglikse program aan. ’n Rooi blokkie dui op beide die openings- en sluitingseremonie, ’n pers blokkie op wedstryde tydens die groepfase, ’n groen blokkie op wedstryde tydens die uitklopfase, ’n blou blokkie op die bronseindstryd en ’n geel blokkie op die eindstryd. {| | {| class="wikitable left center" "style=margin:0.5em auto;font-size:95%;line-height:1.25em" |+ Aantal daaglikse wedstryde tydens die toernooi |- ! scope=col |Groepfase<br />Junie ! scope=col |Do<br />11 ! scope=col |Vr<br />12 ! scope=col |Sa<br />13 ! scope=col |So<br />14 ! scope=col |Ma<br />15 ! scope=col |Di<br />16 ! scope=col |Wo<br />17 ! scope=col |Do<br />18 ! scope=col |Vr<br />19 ! scope=col |Sa<br />20 ! scope=col |So<br />21 ! scope=col |Ma<br />22 ! scope=col |Di<br />23 ! scope=col |Wo<br />24 ! scope=col |Do<br />25 ! scope=col |Vr<br />26 ! scope=col |Sa<br />27 |- align=center |align=left|Seremonies <!-- 11 -->| bgcolor=#d6325b|'''{{Afkorting|OS|Openingseremonie}}''' <!-- 12 -->| <!-- 13 -->| <!-- 14 -->| <!-- 15 -->| <!-- 16 -->| <!-- 17 -->| <!-- 18 -->| <!-- 19 -->| <!-- 20 -->| <!-- 21 -->| <!-- 22 -->| <!-- 23 -->| <!-- 24 -->| <!-- 25 -->| <!-- 26 -->| <!-- 27 -->| |- align=center | align=left|Groep A <!-- 11 -->| bgcolor=#c364f3| 2 <!-- 12 -->| <!-- 13 -->| <!-- 14 -->| <!-- 15 -->| <!-- 16 -->| <!-- 17 -->| <!-- 18 -->| bgcolor=#c364f3| 2 <!-- 19 -->| <!-- 20 -->| <!-- 21 -->| <!-- 22 -->| <!-- 23 -->| <!-- 24 -->| bgcolor=#c364f3| 2 <!-- 25 -->| <!-- 26 -->| <!-- 27 -->| |- align=center |align=left|Groep B <!-- 11 -->| <!-- 12 -->| bgcolor=#c364f3| 1 <!-- 13 -->| bgcolor=#c364f3| 1 <!-- 14 -->| <!-- 15 -->| <!-- 16 -->| <!-- 17 -->| <!-- 18 -->| bgcolor=#c364f3| 2 <!-- 19 -->| <!-- 20 -->| <!-- 21 -->| <!-- 22 -->| <!-- 23 -->| <!-- 24 -->| bgcolor=#c364f3| 2 <!-- 25 -->| <!-- 26 -->| <!-- 27 -->| |- align=center |align=left|Groep C <!-- 11 -->| <!-- 12 -->| <!-- 13 -->| bgcolor=#c364f3| 2 <!-- 14 -->| <!-- 15 -->| <!-- 16 -->| <!-- 17 -->| <!-- 18 -->| <!-- 19 -->| bgcolor=#c364f3| 2 <!-- 20 -->| <!-- 21 -->| <!-- 22 -->| <!-- 23 -->| <!-- 24 -->| bgcolor=#c364f3| 2 <!-- 25 -->| <!-- 26 -->| <!-- 27 -->| |- align=center |align=left|Groep D <!-- 11 -->| <!-- 12 -->| bgcolor=#c364f3| 1 <!-- 13 -->| bgcolor=#c364f3| 1 <!-- 14 -->| <!-- 15 -->| <!-- 16 -->| <!-- 17 -->| <!-- 18 -->| <!-- 19 -->| bgcolor=#c364f3| 2 <!-- 20 -->| <!-- 21 -->| <!-- 22 -->| <!-- 23 -->| <!-- 24 -->| <!-- 25 -->| bgcolor=#c364f3| 2 <!-- 26 -->| <!-- 27 -->| |- align=center |align=left|Groep E <!-- 11 -->| <!-- 12 -->| <!-- 13 -->| <!-- 14 -->| bgcolor=#c364f3| 2 <!-- 15 -->| <!-- 16 -->| <!-- 17 -->| <!-- 18 -->| <!-- 19 -->| <!-- 20 -->| bgcolor=#c364f3| 2 <!-- 21 -->| <!-- 22 -->| <!-- 23 -->| <!-- 24 -->| <!-- 25 -->| bgcolor=#c364f3| 2 <!-- 26 -->| <!-- 27 -->| |- align=center |align=left|Groep F <!-- 11 -->| <!-- 12 -->| <!-- 13 -->| <!-- 14 -->| bgcolor=#c364f3| 2 <!-- 15 -->| <!-- 16 -->| <!-- 17 -->| <!-- 18 -->| <!-- 19 -->| <!-- 20 -->| bgcolor=#c364f3| 2 <!-- 21 -->| <!-- 22 -->| <!-- 23 -->| <!-- 24 -->| <!-- 25 -->| bgcolor=#c364f3| 2 <!-- 26 -->| <!-- 27 -->| |- align=center |align=left|Groep G <!-- 11 -->| <!-- 12 -->| <!-- 13 -->| <!-- 14 -->| <!-- 15 -->| bgcolor=#c364f3| 2 <!-- 16 -->| <!-- 17 -->| <!-- 18 -->| <!-- 19 -->| <!-- 20 -->| <!-- 21 -->| bgcolor=#c364f3| 2 <!-- 22 -->| <!-- 23 -->| <!-- 24 -->| <!-- 25 -->| <!-- 26 -->| bgcolor=#c364f3| 2 <!-- 27 -->| |- align=center |align=left|Groep H <!-- 11 -->| <!-- 12 -->| <!-- 13 -->| <!-- 14 -->| <!-- 15 -->| bgcolor=#c364f3| 2 <!-- 16 -->| <!-- 17 -->| <!-- 18 -->| <!-- 19 -->| <!-- 20 -->| <!-- 21 -->| bgcolor=#c364f3| 2 <!-- 22 -->| <!-- 23 -->| <!-- 24 -->| <!-- 25 -->| <!-- 26 -->| bgcolor=#c364f3| 2 <!-- 27 -->| |- align=center |align=left|Groep I <!-- 11 -->| <!-- 12 -->| <!-- 13 -->| <!-- 14 -->| <!-- 15 -->| <!-- 16 -->| bgcolor=#c364f3| 2 <!-- 17 -->| <!-- 18 -->| <!-- 19 -->| <!-- 20 -->| <!-- 21 -->| <!-- 22 -->| bgcolor=#c364f3| 2 <!-- 23 -->| <!-- 24 -->| <!-- 25 -->| <!-- 26 -->| bgcolor=#c364f3| 2 <!-- 27 -->| |- align=center |align=left|Groep J <!-- 11 -->| <!-- 12 -->| <!-- 13 -->| <!-- 14 -->| <!-- 15 -->| <!-- 16 -->| bgcolor=#c364f3| 2 <!-- 17 -->| <!-- 18 -->| <!-- 19 -->| <!-- 20 -->| <!-- 21 -->| <!-- 22 -->| bgcolor=#c364f3| 2 <!-- 23 -->| <!-- 24 -->| <!-- 25 -->| <!-- 26 -->| <!-- 27 -->| bgcolor=#c364f3| 2 |- align=center |align=left|Groep K <!-- 11 -->| <!-- 12 -->| <!-- 13 -->| <!-- 14 -->| <!-- 15 -->| <!-- 16 -->| <!-- 17 -->| bgcolor=#c364f3| 2 <!-- 18 -->| <!-- 19 -->| <!-- 20 -->| <!-- 21 -->| <!-- 22 -->| <!-- 23 -->| bgcolor=#c364f3| 2 <!-- 24 -->| <!-- 25 -->| <!-- 26 -->| <!-- 27 -->| bgcolor=#c364f3| 2 |- align=center |align=left|Groep L <!-- 11 -->| <!-- 12 -->| <!-- 13 -->| <!-- 14 -->| <!-- 15 -->| <!-- 16 -->| <!-- 17 -->| bgcolor=#c364f3| 2 <!-- 18 -->| <!-- 19 -->| <!-- 20 -->| <!-- 21 -->| <!-- 22 -->| <!-- 23 -->| bgcolor=#c364f3| 2 <!-- 24 -->| <!-- 25 -->| <!-- 26 -->| <!-- 27 -->| bgcolor=#c364f3| 2 |- ! scope=col |Uitklopfase<br />Junie/Julie ! scope=col |So<br />28 ! scope=col |Ma<br />29 ! scope=col |Di<br />30 ! scope=col |Wo<br />1 ! scope=col |Do<br />2 ! scope=col |Vr<br />3 ! scope=col |Sa<br />4 ! scope=col |So<br />5 ! scope=col |Ma<br />6 ! scope=col |Di<br />7 ! scope=col |Wo<br />8 ! scope=col |Do<br />9 ! scope=col |Vr<br />10 ! scope=col |Sa<br />11 ! scope=col |So<br />12 ! scope=col |Ma<br />13 ! scope=col |Di<br />14 ! scope=col |Wo<br />15 ! scope=col |Do<br />16 ! scope=col |Vr<br />17 ! scope=col |Sa<br />18 ! scope=col |So<br />19 |- align=center |align=left|Seremonies <!-- 28 -->| <!-- 29 -->| <!-- 30 -->| <!-- 1 -->| <!-- 2 -->| <!-- 3 -->| <!-- 4 -->| <!-- 5 -->| <!-- 6 -->| <!-- 7 -->| <!-- 8 -->| <!-- 9 -->| <!-- 10 -->| <!-- 11 -->| <!-- 12 -->| <!-- 13 -->| <!-- 14 -->| <!-- 15 -->| <!-- 16 -->| <!-- 17 -->| <!-- 18 -->| <!-- 19 -->| bgcolor=#d6325b|'''{{Afkorting|SS|Sluitingseremonie}}''' |- align=center |align=left|Uitklopfase <!-- 28 -->| bgcolor=#00cc33| 1 <!-- 29 -->| bgcolor=#00cc33| 3 <!-- 30 -->| bgcolor=#00cc33| 3 <!-- 1 -->| bgcolor=#00cc33| 3 <!-- 2 -->| bgcolor=#00cc33| 3 <!-- 3 -->| bgcolor=#00cc33| 3 <!-- 4 -->| bgcolor=#00cc33| 2 <!-- 5 -->| bgcolor=#00cc33| 2 <!-- 6 -->| bgcolor=#00cc33| 2 <!-- 7 -->| bgcolor=#00cc33| 2 <!-- 8 -->| <!-- 9 -->| bgcolor=#00cc33| 1 <!-- 10 -->| bgcolor=#00cc33| 1 <!-- 11 -->| bgcolor=#00cc33| 2 <!-- 12 -->| <!-- 13 -->| <!-- 14 -->| bgcolor=#00cc33| 1 <!-- 15 -->| bgcolor=#00cc33| 1 <!-- 16 -->| <!-- 17 -->| <!-- 18 -->| bgcolor=#3399ff| 1 <!-- 19 -->| bgcolor=#ffcc00| '''1''' |} | {| style="margin:0.5em auto;" wikitable right | colspan=2 |'''Verklaring''' |- | {{sleutel|#d6325b|Seremonies}} |- | {{sleutel|#c364f3|Groepwedstryde}} |- | {{sleutel|#00cc33|Uitklopfase}} |- | {{sleutel|#3399ff|Derde plek}} |- | {{sleutel|#ffcc00|Eindstryd}} |} |} === Groepfase === Die FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2026 word tussen 48 nasionale sokkerspanne beslis. Vir die groepfase is die 48 deelnemende spanne in twaalf groepe van vier elk verdeel; elke span speel een wedstryd teen elk van die ander spanne in dieselfde groep, dus speel elke span drie wedstryde in die groepfase. Drie punte word vir ’n oorwinning toegeken, een vir ’n gelykop en geen punte vir ’n nederlaag: spanne wat met dieselfde aantal punte eindig, word volgens aangetekende doele gerangskik. Klassifisering binne elke groep sal gegrond wees op die volgende puntestelsel: * Drie wedstrydpunte vir ’n oorwinning; * Een vir ’n gelykop; * geen vir ’n nederlaag. Aan die einde van die groepfase word die spanne gerangskik van die eerste na die vierde posisie, gegrond op versamelde wedstrydpunte, met die twee beste spanne en die agt beste derde-plekspanne wat na die uitklopfase deurdring. As twee spanne gelykop in punte is, word die rangorde deur hul aantal aangetekende doele bepaal. === Uitklopfase === Van die begin van dié fase af neem die toernooi ’n uitklopformaat aan wat uit 32 wedstryde bestaan: 16 16de eindstryde, agt agtste eindstryde, vier kwarteindstryde, twee halfeindstryde, ’n wedstryd om die derde plek en die eindstryd. Die wenner en naaswenner van elk van die groepe dring saam met die agt beste derde-plekspanne na die uitklopfase deur. Groepwenners speel teen naaswenners in ander groepe in die 16de eindstryde, byvoorbeeld: die wenner van Groep A speel teen die naaswenner van Groep B en die wenner van Groep B teen die naaswenner van Groep A. Spanne van dieselfde groep kan dus eers weer in óf die klein finale óf die eindstryd mekaar ontmoet. Elke wedstryd in die uitklopstadium moet met ’n oorwinning vir een van die spanne eindig. As daar ná negentig minute van gewone spel ’n gelykopuitslag is, word daar verder gespeel word om die wenner te bepaal. Aanvanklik word daar twee periodes van [[ekstra tyd]] gespeel, 15 minute in elke rigting. As daar steeds nie ’n wenner ná 120 minute is nie, word die wenner deur ’n [[Strafskop (sokker)|strafskopkompetisie]] bepaal. == Wedstryde == {| class="infobox bordered" | style="background:#cfc;"|Kwalifiseer vir die uitklopfase. |- | style="background:#ffc;"|Moontlike uitklopdeelname. |- | style="background:;"|Uit die toernooi geskakel. |} Die wedstryde is in twee fases opgedeel, naamlik die groep- en die uitklopfase. Die loting is op 5 Desember 2025 in die John F. Kennedy Center in [[Washington, D.C.]] gehou.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026/articles/final-draw-results |title=Groups revealed in star-studded Final Draw |publisher=[[FIFA]] |date=5 Desember 2025 |accessdate=10 Julie 2026}}</ref> === Groepuitdunne === 48 spanne neem aan die groepfase deel. Die twee beste spanne dring saam met die agt beste derde-plekspanne in elke groep na die tweede rondte (die uitklopfase) deur. ==== Groep A ==== [[Lêer:South Corea 2-Czechia 1 (55334091661).jpg|duimnael|Die wedstryd tussen [[Suid-Koreaanse nasionale sokkerspan|Suid-Korea]] en [[Tsjeggiese nasionale sokkerspan|Tsjeggië]] in Zapopan]] {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; !width=165|Land !width=20|{{Afkorting|Wed|Wedstryde gespeel}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|Wen|Wedstryde gewen}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|Gel|Gelykop}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|Ver|Wedstryde verloor}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|DV|Doele vir}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|DT|Doele teen}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|+/–|Doelverskil}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|Pte|Punte}} |- style="background:#cfc" |style="text-align:left;"|{{vlagland|Meksiko}} |3||3||0||0||6||0||+6||'''9''' |- style="background:#cfc" |style="text-align:left;"|{{vlagland|Suid-Afrika}} |3||1||1||1||2||3||–1||'''4''' |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{vlagland|Suid-Korea}} |3||1||0||2||2||3||–1||'''3''' |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{vlagland|Tsjeggië}} |3||0||1||2||2||6||–4||'''1''' |} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[11 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 13:00 CST (UTC−6) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Meksiko}}''' |score = 2–0 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021443 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Suid-Afrika}}''' |goals1 = [[Julián Quiñones|Quiñones]] {{goal|9}}<br />[[Raúl Jiménez|Jiménez]] {{goal|67}} |goals2 = |stadium = [[Azteca-stadion]], [[Meksikostad]] |attendance = 80&nbsp;824 |referee = Wilton Sampaio (Brasilië)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[11 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 20:00 CST (UTC−6) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Suid-Korea}}''' |score = 2–1 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021441 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Tsjeggië}}''' |goals1 = [[Hwang In-beom]] {{goal|67}}<br />[[Oh Hyeon-gyu]] {{goal|80}} |goals2 = {{goal|59}} [[Ladislav Krejčí|Krejčí]] |stadium = [[Estadio Akron]], [[Zapopan]] |attendance = 44&nbsp;985 |referee = Amin Mohamed Omar (Egipte)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[18 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 12:00 EDT (UTC−4) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Tsjeggië}}''' |score = 1–1 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021440 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Suid-Afrika}}''' |goals1 = [[Michal Sadílek|Sadílek]] {{goal|6}} |goals2 = {{goal|83|straf}} [[Teboho Mokoena|Mokoena]] |stadium = [[Mercedes-Benz-stadion]], [[Atlanta]] |attendance = 67&nbsp;442 |referee = Tori Penso (Verenigde State)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[18 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 19:00 CST (UTC−6) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Meksiko}}''' |score = 1–0 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021442 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Suid-Korea}}''' |goals1 = [[Luis Romo|Romo]] {{goal|50}} |goals2 = |stadium = [[Estadio Akron]], [[Zapopan]] |attendance = 45&nbsp;522 |referee = Gustavo Tejera (Uruguay)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[24 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 19:00 CST (UTC−6) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Tsjeggië}}''' |score = 0–3 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021444 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Meksiko}}''' |goals1 = |goals2 = {{goal|55}} [[Mateo Chávez|M. Chávez]]<br />{{goal|61}} [[Julián Quiñones|Quiñones]]<br />{{goal|90+4}} [[Álvaro Fidalgo|Fidalgo]] |stadium = [[Azteca-stadion]], [[Meksikostad]] |attendance = 80&nbsp;824 |referee = Yael Falcón (Argentinië)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[24 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 19:00 CST (UTC−6) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Suid-Afrika}}''' |score = 1–0 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021445 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Suid-Korea}}''' |goals1 = [[Thapelo Maseko|Maseko]] {{goal|63}} |goals2 = |stadium = [[Estadio BBVA]], [[Guadalupe, Nuevo León|Guadalupe]] |attendance = 51&nbsp;243 |referee = Facundo Tello (Argentinië)}} ==== Groep B ==== [[Lêer:2026 FIFA World Cup Match 26, Switzerland v Bosnia and Herzegovina.jpg|duimnael|Die wedstryd tussen [[Switserse nasionale sokkerspan|Switserland]] en [[Bosniese nasionale sokkerspan|Bosnië en Herzegowina]] in Inglewood]] {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; !width=165|Land !width=20|{{Afkorting|Wed|Wedstryde gespeel}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|Wen|Wedstryde gewen}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|Gel|Gelykop}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|Ver|Wedstryde verloor}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|DV|Doele vir}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|DT|Doele teen}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|+/–|Doelverskil}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|Pte|Punte}} |- style="background:#cfc" |style="text-align:left;"|{{vlagland|Switserland}} |3||2||1||0||7||3||+4||'''7''' |- style="background:#cfc" |style="text-align:left;"|{{vlagland|Kanada}} |3||1||1||1||8||3||+5||'''4''' |- style="background:#cfc" |style="text-align:left;"|{{vlagland|Bosnië en Herzegowina}} |3||1||1||1||5||6||–1||'''4''' |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{vlagland|Katar}} |3||0||1||2||2||10||–8||'''1''' |} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[12 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 15:00 EDT (UTC−4) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Kanada}}''' |score = 1–1 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021449 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Bosnië en Herzegowina}}''' |goals1 = [[Cyle Larin|Larin]] {{goal|78}} |goals2 = {{goal|21}} [[Jovo Lukić|Lukić]] |stadium = [[BMO Field]], [[Toronto]] |attendance = 43&nbsp;002 |referee = Facundo Tello (Argentinië)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[13 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 12:00 PT (UTC−7) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Katar}}''' |score = 1–1 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021447 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Switserland}}''' |goals1 = [[Boualem Khoukhi|Khoukhi]] {{goal|90+4}} |goals2 = {{goal|17|straf}} [[Breel Embolo|Embolo]] |stadium = [[Levi's-stadion]], [[Santa Clara, Kalifornië|Santa Clara]] |attendance = 67&nbsp;966 |referee = Saíd Martínez (Honduras)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[18 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 12:00 PT (UTC−7) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Switserland}}''' |score = 4–1 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021446 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Bosnië en Herzegowina}}''' |goals1 = [[Johan Manzambi|Manzambi]] {{goal|74}}, {{goal|90}}<br />[[Rubén Vargas|Vargas]] {{goal|84}}<br />[[Granit Xhaka|Xhaka]] {{goal|90+7|straf}} |goals2 = {{goal|90+3}} [[Ermin Mahmić|Mahmić]] |stadium = [[SoFi-stadion]], [[Inglewood, Kalifornië|Inglewood]] |attendance = 70&nbsp;026 |referee = João Pinheiro (Portugal)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[18 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 15:00 PT (UTC−7) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Kanada}}''' |score = 6–0 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021450 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Katar}}''' |goals1 = [[Cyle Larin|Larin]] {{goal|16}}<br />[[Jonathan David|David]] {{goal|29}}, {{goal|45+3}}, {{goal|90+2}}<br />[[Nathan Saliba|Saliba]] {{goal|64}}<br />[[Mohamed Manai|Manai]] {{goal|75|e.d.}} |goals2 = |stadium = [[BC Place]], [[Vancouver]] |attendance = 52&nbsp;497 |referee = Cristián Garay (Chili)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[24 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 12:00 PT (UTC−7) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Switserland}}''' |score = 2–1 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021451 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Kanada}}''' |goals1 = [[Rubén Vargas|Vargas]] {{goal|46}}<br />[[Johan Manzambi|Manzambi]] {{goal|57}} |goals2 = {{goal|76}} [[Promise David|David]] |stadium = [[BC Place]], [[Vancouver]] |attendance = 52&nbsp;497 |referee = Ramon Abatti (Brasilië)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[24 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 12:00 PT (UTC−7) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Bosnië en Herzegowina}}''' |score = 3–1 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021448 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Katar}}''' |goals1 = [[Kerim Alajbegović|Alajbegović]] {{goal|29}}<br />[[Mahmud Abunada|Abunada]] {{goal|34|e.d.}}<br />[[Ermin Mahmić|Mahmić]] {{goal|80}} |goals2 = {{goal|42}} [[Hassan Al-Haydos|Al-Haydos]] |stadium = [[Lumen Field]], [[Seattle]] |attendance = 66&nbsp;925 |referee = Jesús Valenzuela (Venezuela)}} ==== Groep C ==== [[Lêer:Gillette2026.jpg|duimnael|Die wedstryd tussen [[Haïtiaanse nasionale sokkerspan|Haïti]] en [[Skotse nasionale sokkerspan|Skotland]] in Foxborough]] {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; !width=165|Land !width=20|{{Afkorting|Wed|Wedstryde gespeel}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|Wen|Wedstryde gewen}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|Gel|Gelykop}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|Ver|Wedstryde verloor}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|DV|Doele vir}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|DT|Doele teen}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|+/–|Doelverskil}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|Pte|Punte}} |- style="background:#cfc" |style="text-align:left;"|{{vlagland|Brasilië}} |3||2||1||0||7||1||+6||'''7''' |- style="background:#cfc" |style="text-align:left;"|{{vlagland|Marokko}} |3||2||1||0||6||3||+3||'''7''' |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{vlagland|Skotland}} |3||1||0||2||1||4||–3||'''3''' |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{vlagland|Haïti}} |3||0||0||3||2||8||–6||'''0''' |} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[13 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 18:00 EDT (UTC−4) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Brasilië}}''' |score = 1–1 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021456 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Marokko}}''' |goals1 = [[Vinícius Júnior|Vinícius]] {{goal|32}} |goals2 = {{goal|21}} [[Ismael Saibari|Saibari]] |stadium = [[MetLife-stadion]], [[East Rutherford]] |attendance = 80&nbsp;663 |referee = Slavko Vinčić (Slowenië)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[13 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 21:00 EDT (UTC−4) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Haïti}}''' |score = 0–1 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021453 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Skotland}}''' |goals1 = |goals2 = {{goal|28}} [[John McGinn|McGinn]] |stadium = [[Gillette-stadion]], [[Foxborough, Massachusetts|Foxborough]] |attendance = 64&nbsp;146 |referee = Mustapha Ghorbal (Algerië)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[19 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 18:00 EDT (UTC−4) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Skotland}}''' |score = 0–1 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021454 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Marokko}}''' |goals1 = |goals2 = {{goal|2}} [[Ismael Saibari|Saibari]] |stadium = [[Gillette-stadion]], [[Foxborough, Massachusetts|Foxborough]] |attendance = 64&nbsp;146 |referee = Ilgiz Tantashev (Oesbekistan)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[19 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 21:30 EDT (UTC−4) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Brasilië}}''' |score = 3–0 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021457 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Haïti}}''' |goals1 = [[Matheus Cunha|Cunha]] {{goal|23}}, {{goal|36}}<br />[[Vinícius Júnior|Vinícius]] {{goal|45+3}} |goals2 = |stadium = [[Lincoln Financial Field]], [[Philadelphia]] |attendance = 68&nbsp;324 |referee = Alejandro Hernández Hernández (Spanje)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[24 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 18:00 EDT (UTC−4) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Skotland}}''' |score = 0–3 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021455 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Brasilië}}''' |goals1 = |goals2 = {{goal|7}}, {{goal|45+3}} [[Vinícius Júnior|Vinícius]]<br />{{goal|60}} [[Matheus Cunha|Cunha]] |stadium = [[Hard Rock-stadion]], [[Miami Gardens, Florida|Miami Gardens]] |attendance = 64&nbsp;478 |referee = César Arturo Ramos (Meksiko)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[24 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 18:00 EDT (UTC−4) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Marokko}}''' |score = 4–2 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021452 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Haïti}}''' |goals1 = [[Achraf Hakimi|Hakimi]] {{goal|39}}<br />[[Ismael Saibari|Saibari]] {{goal|45+1}}<br />[[Soufiane Rahimi|Rahimi]] {{goal|78}}<br />[[Gessime Yassine|Yassine]] {{goal|89}} |goals2 = {{goal|10|e.d.}} [[Yassine Bounou|Bounou]]<br />{{goal|43}} [[Wilson Isidor|Isidor]] |stadium = [[Mercedes-Benz-stadion]], [[Atlanta]] |attendance = 68&nbsp;239 |referee = Danny Makkelie (Nederland)}} ==== Groep D ==== [[Lêer:Australia vs Türkiye at BC Place - June 13, 2026.jpg|duimnael|Die wedstryd tussen [[Australiese nasionale sokkerspan|Australië]] en [[Turkse nasionale sokkerspan|Turkye]] in Vancouver]] {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; !width=165|Land !width=20|{{Afkorting|Wed|Wedstryde gespeel}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|Wen|Wedstryde gewen}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|Gel|Gelykop}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|Ver|Wedstryde verloor}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|DV|Doele vir}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|DT|Doele teen}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|+/–|Doelverskil}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|Pte|Punte}} |- style="background:#cfc" |style="text-align:left;"|{{vlagland|Verenigde State}} |3||2||0||1||8||4||+4||'''6''' |- style="background:#cfc" |style="text-align:left;"|{{vlagland|Australië}} |3||1||1||1||2||2||±0||'''4''' |- style="background:#cfc" |style="text-align:left;"|{{vlagland|Paraguay}} |3||1||1||1||2||4||–2||'''4''' |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{vlagland|Turkye}} |3||1||0||2||3||5||–2||'''3''' |} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[12 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 18:00 PT (UTC−7) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Verenigde State}}''' |score = 4–1 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021458 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Paraguay}}''' |goals1 = [[Damián Bobadilla|Bobadilla]] {{goal|7|e.d.}}<br />[[Folarin Balogun|Balogun]] {{goal|31}}, {{goal|45+5}}<br />[[Giovanni Reyna|Reyna]] {{goal|90+8}} |goals2 = {{goal|73}} [[Maurício]] |stadium = [[SoFi-stadion]], [[Inglewood, Kalifornië|Inglewood]] |attendance = 70&nbsp;492 |referee = Danny Makkelie (Nederland)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[13 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 21:00 PT (UTC−7) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Australië}}''' |score = 2–0 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021463 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Turkye}}''' |goals1 = [[Nestory Irankunda|Irankunda]] {{goal|27}}<br />[[Connor Metcalfe|Metcalfe]] {{goal|75}} |goals2 = |stadium = [[BC Place]], [[Vancouver]] |attendance = 52&nbsp;497 |referee = Jesús Valenzuela (Venezuela)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[19 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 20:00 PT (UTC−7) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Turkye}}''' |score = 0–1 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021460 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Paraguay}}''' |goals1 = |goals2 = {{goal|2}} [[Matías Galarza|Galarza]] |stadium = [[Levi's-stadion]], [[Santa Clara, Kalifornië|Santa Clara]] |attendance = 68&nbsp;827 |referee = Iván Barton (El Salvador)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[19 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 21:00 PT (UTC−7) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Verenigde State}}''' |score = 2–0 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021462 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Australië}}''' |goals1 = [[Cameron Burgess|Burgess]] {{goal|11|e.d.}}<br />[[Alex Freeman|Freeman]] {{goal|43}} |goals2 = |stadium = [[Lumen Field]], [[Seattle]] |attendance = 66&nbsp;925 |referee = Felix Zwayer (Duitsland)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[25 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 19:00 PT (UTC−7) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Turkye}}''' |score = 3–2 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021459 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Verenigde State}}''' |goals1 = [[Arda Güler|Güler]] {{goal|10}}<br />[[Barış Alper Yılmaz|Yılmaz]] {{goal|31}}<br />[[Kaan Ayhan|Ayhan]] {{goal|90+8}} |goals2 = {{goal|3}} [[Auston Trusty|Trusty]]<br />{{goal|49}} [[Sebastian Berhalter|Berhalter]] |stadium = [[SoFi-stadion]], [[Inglewood, Kalifornië|Inglewood]] |attendance = 70&nbsp;492 |referee = Mustapha Ghorbal (Algerië)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[25 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 19:00 PT (UTC−7) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Paraguay}}''' |score = 0–0 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021461 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Australië}}''' |goals1 = |goals2 = |stadium = [[Levi's-stadion]], [[Santa Clara, Kalifornië|Santa Clara]] |attendance = 68&nbsp;827 |referee = Clément Turpin (Frankryk)}} ==== Groep E ==== [[Lêer:Germany vs Curaçao 2026 FIFA World Cup.jpg|duimnael|Die wedstryd tussen [[Duitse nasionale sokkerspan|Duitsland]] en [[Curaçaose nasionale sokkerspan|Curaçao]] in Houston]] {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; !width=165|Land !width=20|{{Afkorting|Wed|Wedstryde gespeel}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|Wen|Wedstryde gewen}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|Gel|Gelykop}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|Ver|Wedstryde verloor}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|DV|Doele vir}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|DT|Doele teen}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|+/–|Doelverskil}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|Pte|Punte}} |- style="background:#cfc" |style="text-align:left;"|{{vlagland|Duitsland}} |3||2||0||1||10||4||+6||'''6''' |- style="background:#cfc" |style="text-align:left;"|{{vlagland|Ivoorkus}} |3||2||0||1||4||2||+2||'''6''' |- style="background:#cfc" |style="text-align:left;"|{{vlagland|Ecuador}} |3||1||1||1||2||2||±0||'''4''' |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{vlagland|Curaçao}} |3||0||1||2||1||9||–8||'''1''' |} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[14 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 21:00 CDT (UTC−5) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Duitsland}}''' |score = 7–1 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021464 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Curaçao}}''' |goals1 = [[Felix Nmecha|Nmecha]] {{goal|6}}<br />[[Nico Schlotterbeck|Schlotterbeck]] {{goal|38}}<br />[[Kai Havertz|Havertz]] {{goal|45+5|straf}}, {{goal|88}}<br />[[Jamal Musiala|Musiala]] {{goal|47}}<br />[[Nathaniel Brown|Brown]] {{goal|68}}<br />[[Deniz Undav|Undav]] {{goal|78}} |goals2 = {{goal|21}} [[Livano Comenencia|Comenencia]] |stadium = [[NRG-stadion]], [[Houston]] |attendance = 68&nbsp;021 |referee = Jalal Jayed (Marokko)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[14 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 19:00 EDT (UTC−4) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Ivoorkus}}''' |score = 1–0 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021467 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Ecuador}}''' |goals1 = [[Amad Diallo|Diallo]] {{goal|90}} |goals2 = |stadium = [[Lincoln Financial Field]], [[Philadelphia]] |attendance = 68&nbsp;274 |referee = François Letexier (Frankryk)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[20 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 16:00 EDT (UTC−4) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Duitsland}}''' |score = 2–1 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021469 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Ivoorkus}}''' |goals1 = [[Deniz Undav|Undav]] {{goal|68}}, {{goal|90+4}} |goals2 = {{goal|30}} [[Franck Kessié|Kessié]] |stadium = [[BMO Field]], [[Toronto]] |attendance = 43&nbsp;036 |referee = Juan Gabriel Benítez (Paraguay)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[20 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 19:00 CDT (UTC−5) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Ecuador}}''' |score = 0–0 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021465 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Curaçao}}''' |goals1 = |goals2 = |stadium = [[Arrowhead-stadion]], [[Kansas City]] |attendance = 68&nbsp;598 |referee = Ma Ning (Volksrepubliek China)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[25 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 16:00 EDT (UTC−4) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Curaçao}}''' |score = 0–2 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021468 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Ivoorkus}}''' |goals1 = |goals2 = {{goal|7}}, {{goal|64}} [[Nicolas Pépé|Pépé]] |stadium = [[Lincoln Financial Field]], [[Philadelphia]] |attendance = 68&nbsp;324 |referee = Glenn Nyberg (Swede)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[25 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 16:00 EDT (UTC−4) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Ecuador}}''' |score = 2–1 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021466 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Duitsland}}''' |goals1 = [[Nilson Angulo|Angulo]] {{goal|9}}<br />[[Gonzalo Plata|Plata]] {{goal|77}} |goals2 = {{goal|2}} [[Leroy Sané|Sané]] |stadium = [[MetLife-stadion]], [[East Rutherford]] |attendance = 80&nbsp;663 |referee = Tori Penso (Verenigde State)}} ==== Groep F ==== [[Lêer:Netherlands vs Tunisia - 2026 FIFA World Cup, Kansas City.jpg|duimnael|Die wedstryd tussen [[Tunisiese nasionale sokkerspan|Tunisië]] en [[Nederlandse nasionale sokkerspan|Nederland]] in Kansas City]] {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; !width=165|Land !width=20|{{Afkorting|Wed|Wedstryde gespeel}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|Wen|Wedstryde gewen}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|Gel|Gelykop}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|Ver|Wedstryde verloor}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|DV|Doele vir}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|DT|Doele teen}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|+/–|Doelverskil}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|Pte|Punte}} |- style="background:#cfc" |style="text-align:left;"|{{vlagland|Nederland}} |3||2||1||0||10||4||+6||'''7''' |- style="background:#cfc" |style="text-align:left;"|{{vlagland|Japan}} |3||1||2||0||7||3||+4||'''5''' |- style="background:#cfc" |style="text-align:left;"|{{vlagland|Swede}} |3||1||1||1||7||7||±0||'''4''' |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{vlagland|Tunisië}} |3||0||0||3||2||12||–10||'''0''' |} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[14 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 15:00 CDT (UTC−5) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Nederland}}''' |score = 2–2 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021470 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Japan}}''' |goals1 = [[Virgil van Dijk|Van Dijk]] {{goal|50}}<br />[[Crysencio Summerville|Summerville]] {{goal|64}} |goals2 = {{goal|57}} [[Keito Nakamura|Nakamura]]<br />{{goal|88}} [[Daichi Kamada|Kamada]] |stadium = [[AT&T-stadion]], [[Arlington, Texas|Arlington]] |attendance = 69&nbsp;285 |referee = Ismail Elfath (Verenigde State)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[14 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 20:00 CST (UTC−6) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Swede}}''' |score = 5–1 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021474 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Tunisië}}''' |goals1 = [[Yasin Ayari|Ayari]] {{goal|7}}, {{goal|90+6}}<br />[[Alexander Isak|Isak]] {{goal|30}}<br />[[Viktor Gyökeres|Gyökeres]] {{goal|59}}<br />[[Mattias Svanberg|Svanberg]] {{goal|84}} |goals2 = {{goal|43}} [[Omar Rekik|Rekik]] |stadium = [[Estadio BBVA]], [[Guadalupe, Nuevo León|Guadalupe]] |attendance = 50&nbsp;987 |referee = Yael Falcón (Argentinië)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[20 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 21:00 CDT (UTC−5) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Nederland}}''' |score = 5–1 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021472 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Swede}}''' |goals1 = [[Brian Brobbey|Brobbey]] {{goal|5}}, {{goal|17}}<br />[[Cody Gakpo|Gakpo]] {{goal|47}}, {{goal|54}}<br />[[Crysencio Summerville|Summerville]] {{goal|89}} |goals2 = {{goal|59}} [[Anthony Elanga|Elanga]] |stadium = [[NRG-stadion]], [[Houston]] |attendance = 68&nbsp;777 |referee = Michael Oliver (Engeland)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[20 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 22:00 CST (UTC−6) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Tunisië}}''' |score = 0–4 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021475 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Japan}}''' |goals1 = |goals2 = {{goal|4}} [[Daichi Kamada|Kamada]]<br />{{goal|31}}, {{goal|83}} [[Ayase Ueda|Ueda]]<br />{{goal|69}} [[Junya Itō|J. Itō]] |stadium = [[Estadio BBVA]], [[Guadalupe, Nuevo León|Guadalupe]] |attendance = 51&nbsp;243 |referee = István Kovács (Roemenië)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[25 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 18:00 CDT (UTC−5) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Japan}}''' |score = 1–1 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021471 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Swede}}''' |goals1 = [[Daizen Maeda|Maeda]] {{goal|56}} |goals2 = {{goal|62}} [[Anthony Elanga|Elanga]] |stadium = [[AT&T-stadion]], [[Arlington, Texas|Arlington]] |attendance = 70&nbsp;137 |referee = Iván Barton (El Salvador)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[25 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 18:00 CDT (UTC−5) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Tunisië}}''' |score = 1–3 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021473 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Nederland}}''' |goals1 = [[Hazem Mastouri|Mastouri]] {{goal|54}} |goals2 = {{goal|3|e.d.}} [[Ellyes Skhiri|Skhiri]]<br />{{goal|7}} [[Brian Brobbey|Brobbey]]<br />{{goal|62}} [[Jan Paul van Hecke|Van Hecke]] |stadium = [[Arrowhead-stadion]], [[Kansas City]] |attendance = 68&nbsp;391 |referee = Katia Itzel García (Meksiko)}} ==== Groep G ==== [[Lêer:2026 FIFA World Cup - Belgium v. Egypt in Seattle - 03.jpg|duimnael|Die wedstryd tussen [[Belgiese nasionale sokkerspan|België]] en [[Egiptiese nasionale sokkerspan|Egipte]] in Seattle]] {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; !width=165|Land !width=20|{{Afkorting|Wed|Wedstryde gespeel}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|Wen|Wedstryde gewen}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|Gel|Gelykop}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|Ver|Wedstryde verloor}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|DV|Doele vir}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|DT|Doele teen}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|+/–|Doelverskil}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|Pte|Punte}} |- style="background:#cfc" |style="text-align:left;"|{{vlagland|België}} |3||1||2||0||6||2||+4||'''5''' |- style="background:#cfc" |style="text-align:left;"|{{vlagland|Egipte}} |3||1||2||0||5||3||+2||'''5''' |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{vlagland|Iran}} |3||0||3||0||3||3||±0||'''3''' |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{vlagland|Nieu-Seeland}} |3||0||1||2||4||10||–6||'''1''' |} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[15 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 18:00 PT (UTC−7) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Iran}}''' |score = 2–2 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021476 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Nieu-Seeland}}''' |goals1 = [[Ramin Rezaeian|Rezaeian]] {{goal|32}}<br />[[Mohammad Mohebi|Mohebi]] {{goal|64}} |goals2 = {{goal|7}}, {{goal|54}} [[Elijah Just|Just]] |stadium = [[SoFi-stadion]], [[Inglewood, Kalifornië|Inglewood]] |attendance = 70&nbsp;108 |referee = César Arturo Ramos (Meksiko)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[15 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 12:00 PT (UTC−7) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|België}}''' |score = 1–1 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021478 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Egipte}}''' |goals1 = [[Mohamed Hany|Hany]] {{goal|66|e.d.}} |goals2 = {{goal|19}} [[Emam Ashour|Ashour]] |stadium = [[Lumen Field]], [[Seattle]] |attendance = 66&nbsp;775 |referee = Ramon Abatti (Brasilië)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[21 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 21:00 PT (UTC−7) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|België}}''' |score = 0–0 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021477 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Iran}}''' |goals1 = |goals2 = |stadium = [[SoFi-stadion]], [[Inglewood, Kalifornië|Inglewood]] |attendance = 70&nbsp;317 |referee = Darío Herrera (Argentinië)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[21 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 18:00 PT (UTC−7) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Nieu-Seeland}}''' |score = 1–3 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021480 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Egipte}}''' |goals1 = [[Finn Surman|Surman]] {{goal|15}} |goals2 = {{goal|58}} [[Mostafa Ziko|Ziko]]<br />{{goal|67}} [[Mohamed Salah|Salah]]<br />{{goal|82}} [[Trézéguet]] |stadium = [[BC Place]], [[Vancouver]] |attendance = 52&nbsp;497 |referee = Omar Al Ali (Verenigde Arabiese Emirate)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[26 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 20:00 PT (UTC−7) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Egipte}}''' |score = 1–1 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021479 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Iran}}''' |goals1 = [[Mahmoud Saber|Saber]] {{goal|5}} |goals2 = {{goal|14}} [[Ramin Rezaeian|Rezaeian]] |stadium = [[Lumen Field]], [[Seattle]] |attendance = 66&nbsp;925 |referee = Szymon Marciniak (Pole)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[26 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 20:00 PT (UTC−7) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Nieu-Seeland}}''' |score = 1–5 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021481 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|België}}''' |goals1 = [[Elijah Just|Just]] {{goal|84}} |goals2 = {{goal|28}}, {{goal|50}} [[Leandro Trossard|Trossard]]<br />{{goal|66}} [[Kevin De Bruyne|De Bruyne]]<br />{{goal|86}} [[Romelu Lukaku|Lukaku]]<br />{{goal|90+4}} [[Alexis Saelemaekers|Saelemaekers]] |stadium = [[BC Place]], [[Vancouver]] |attendance = 52&nbsp;497 |referee = Adham Makhadmeh (Jordanië)}} ==== Groep H ==== [[Lêer:Cape Verde vs Uruguay 2026.jpg|duimnael|Die wedstryd tussen [[Uruguaanse nasionale sokkerspan|Uruguay]] en [[Kaap Verdiese nasionale sokkerspan|Kaap Verde]] in Miami Gardens]] {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; !width=165|Land !width=20|{{Afkorting|Wed|Wedstryde gespeel}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|Wen|Wedstryde gewen}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|Gel|Gelykop}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|Ver|Wedstryde verloor}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|DV|Doele vir}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|DT|Doele teen}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|+/–|Doelverskil}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|Pte|Punte}} |- style="background:#cfc" |style="text-align:left;"|{{vlagland|Spanje}} |3||2||1||0||5||0||+5||'''7''' |- style="background:#cfc" |style="text-align:left;"|{{vlagland|Kaap Verde}} |3||0||3||0||2||2||±0||'''3''' |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{vlagland|Uruguay}} |3||0||2||1||3||4||–1||'''2''' |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{vlagland|Saoedi-Arabië}} |3||0||2||1||1||5||–4||'''2''' |} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[15 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 21:00 EDT (UTC−4) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Spanje}}''' |score = 0–0 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021482 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Kaap Verde}}''' |goals1 = |goals2 = |stadium = [[Mercedes-Benz-stadion]], [[Atlanta]] |attendance = 67&nbsp;640 |referee = Adham Makhadmeh (Jordanië)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[15 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 18:00 EDT (UTC−4) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Saoedi-Arabië}}''' |score = 1–1 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021486 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Uruguay}}''' |goals1 = [[Abdulelah Al-Amri|Al-Amri]] {{goal|41}} |goals2 = {{goal|80}} [[Maximiliano Araújo|M. Araújo]] |stadium = [[Hard Rock-stadion]], [[Miami Gardens, Florida|Miami Gardens]] |attendance = 62&nbsp;764 |referee = Maurizio Mariani (Italië)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[21 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 21:00 EDT (UTC−4) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Spanje}}''' |score = 4–0 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021483 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Saoedi-Arabië}}''' |goals1 = [[Lamine Yamal|Yamal]] {{goal|10}}<br />[[Mikel Oyarzabal|Oyarzabal]] {{goal|21}}, {{goal|24}}<br />[[Hassan Al-Tambakti|Al-Tambakti]] {{goal|49|e.d.}} |goals2 = |stadium = [[Mercedes-Benz-stadion]], [[Atlanta]] |attendance = 68&nbsp;239 |referee = Raphael Claus (Brasilië)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[21 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 18:00 EDT (UTC−4) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Uruguay}}''' |score = 2–2 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021487 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Kaap Verde}}''' |goals1 = [[Maximiliano Araújo|M. Araújo]] {{goal|44}}<br />[[Agustín Canobbio|Canobbio]] {{goal|45+6}} |goals2 = {{goal|21}} [[Kevin Pina|K. Pina]]<br />{{goal|61}} [[Hélio Varela|Varela]] |stadium = [[Hard Rock-stadion]], [[Miami Gardens, Florida|Miami Gardens]] |attendance = 64&nbsp;003 |referee = Espen Eskås (Noorweë)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[26 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 19:00 CDT (UTC−5) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Kaap Verde}}''' |score = 0–0 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021485 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Saoedi-Arabië}}''' |goals1 = |goals2 = |stadium = [[NRG-stadion]], [[Houston]] |attendance = 68&nbsp;278 |referee = François Letexier (Frankryk)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[26 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 18:00 CDT (UTC−6) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Uruguay}}''' |score = 0–1 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021484 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Spanje}}''' |goals1 = |goals2 = {{goal|42}} [[Álex Baena|Baena]] |stadium = [[Estadio Akron]], [[Zapopan]] |attendance = 45&nbsp;065 |referee = Ismail Elfath (Verenigde State)}} ==== Groep I ==== [[Lêer:Aurelien Tchouameni Ibrahim Mbaye France v Senegal 16 June 2026-457.jpg|duimnael|Die wedstryd tussen [[Franse nasionale sokkerspan|Frankryk]] en [[Senegalese nasionale sokkerspan|Senegal]] in East Rutherford]] {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; !width=165|Land !width=20|{{Afkorting|Wed|Wedstryde gespeel}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|Wen|Wedstryde gewen}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|Gel|Gelykop}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|Ver|Wedstryde verloor}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|DV|Doele vir}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|DT|Doele teen}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|+/–|Doelverskil}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|Pte|Punte}} |- style="background:#cfc" |style="text-align:left;"|{{vlagland|Frankryk}} |3||3||0||0||10||2||+8||'''9''' |- style="background:#cfc" |style="text-align:left;"|{{vlagland|Noorweë}} |3||2||0||1||8||7||+1||'''6''' |- style="background:#cfc" |style="text-align:left;"|{{vlagland|Senegal}} |3||1||0||2||8||6||+2||'''3''' |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{vlagland|Irak}} |3||0||0||3||1||12||–11||'''0''' |} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[16 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 15:00 EDT (UTC−4) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Frankryk}}''' |score = 3–1 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021490 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Senegal}}''' |goals1 = [[Kylian Mbappé|Mbappé]] {{goal|66}}, {{goal|90+6}}<br />[[Bradley Barcola|Barcola]] {{goal|82}} |goals2 = {{goal|90+5}} [[Ibrahim Mbaye|Mbaye]] |stadium = [[MetLife-stadion]], [[East Rutherford]] |attendance = 80&nbsp;545 |referee = Alireza Faghani (Australië)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[16 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 18:00 EDT (UTC−4) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Irak}}''' |score = 1–4 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021488 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Noorweë}}''' |goals1 = [[Aymen Hoesein|Hoesein]] {{goal|39}} |goals2 = {{goal|29}}, {{goal|43}} [[Erling Haaland|Haaland]]<br />{{goal|76}} [[Leo Østigård|Østigård]]<br />{{goal|90+6|e.d.}} [[Aymen Hoesein|Hoesein]] |stadium = [[Gillette-stadion]], [[Foxborough, Massachusetts|Foxborough]] |attendance = 63&nbsp;106 |referee = Pierre Atcho (Gaboen)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[22 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 17:00 EDT (UTC−4) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Frankryk}}''' |score = 3–0 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021492 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Irak}}''' |goals1 = [[Kylian Mbappé|Mbappé]] {{goal|14}}, {{goal|54}}<br />[[Ousmane Dembélé|Dembélé]] {{goal|66}} |goals2 = |stadium = [[Lincoln Financial Field]], [[Philadelphia]] |attendance = 68&nbsp;324 |referee = Drew Fischer (Kanada)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[22 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 20:00 EDT (UTC−4) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Noorweë}}''' |score = 3–2 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021491 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Senegal}}''' |goals1 = [[Marcus Holmgren Pedersen|Pedersen]] {{goal|43}}<br />[[Erling Haaland|Haaland]] {{goal|48}}, {{goal|58}} |goals2 = {{goal|53}}, {{goal|90+3}} [[Ismaïla Sarr|I. Sarr]] |stadium = [[MetLife-stadion]], [[East Rutherford]] |attendance = 80&nbsp;663 |referee = Wilton Sampaio (Brasilië)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[26 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 15:00 EDT (UTC−4) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Noorweë}}''' |score = 1–4 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021489 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Frankryk}}''' |goals1 = [[Thelo Aasgaard|Aasgaard]] {{goal|21}} |goals2 = {{goal|7}}, {{goal|20}}, {{goal|32}} [[Ousmane Dembélé|Dembélé]]<br />{{goal|90+4}} [[Désiré Doué|Doué]] |stadium = [[Gillette-stadion]], [[Foxborough, Massachusetts|Foxborough]] |attendance = 64&nbsp;146 |referee = Michael Oliver (Engeland)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[26 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 15:00 EDT (UTC−4) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Senegal}}''' |score = 5–0 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021493 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Irak}}''' |goals1 = [[Habib Diarra|Diarra]] {{goal|4}}<br />[[Ismaïla Sarr|I. Sarr]] {{goal|56}}<br />[[Pape Gueye|P. Gueye]] {{goal|59}}, {{goal|71}}<br />[[Iliman Ndiaye|I. Ndiaye]] {{goal|82}} |goals2 = |stadium = [[BMO Field]], [[Toronto]] |attendance = 43&nbsp;036 |referee = Anthony Taylor (Engeland)}} ==== Groep J ==== [[Lêer:ALGvAUS.jpg|duimnael|Die wedstryd tussen [[Argentynse nasionale sokkerspan|Argentinië]] en [[Algeriese nasionale sokkerspan|Algerië]] in Kansas City]] {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; !width=165|Land !width=20|{{Afkorting|Wed|Wedstryde gespeel}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|Wen|Wedstryde gewen}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|Gel|Gelykop}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|Ver|Wedstryde verloor}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|DV|Doele vir}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|DT|Doele teen}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|+/–|Doelverskil}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|Pte|Punte}} |- style="background:#cfc" |style="text-align:left;"|{{vlagland|Argentinië}} |3||3||0||0||8||1||+7||'''9''' |- style="background:#cfc" |style="text-align:left;"|{{vlagland|Oostenryk}} |3||1||1||1||6||6||±0||'''4''' |- style="background:#cfc" |style="text-align:left;"|{{vlagland|Algerië}} |3||1||1||1||5||7||–2||'''4''' |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{vlagland|Jordanië}} |3||0||0||3||3||8||–5||'''0''' |} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[16 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 20:00 CDT (UTC−5) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Argentinië}}''' |score = 3–0 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021496 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Algerië}}''' |goals1 = [[Lionel Messi|Messi]] {{goal|17}}, {{goal|60}}, {{goal|76}} |goals2 = |stadium = [[Arrowhead-stadion]], [[Kansas City]] |attendance = 69&nbsp;045 |referee = Szymon Marciniak (Pole)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[16 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 21:00 PT (UTC−7) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Oostenryk}}''' |score = 3–1 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021498 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Jordanië}}''' |goals1 = [[Romano Schmid|Schmid]] {{goal|20}}<br />[[Yazan Al-Arab|Al-Arab]] {{goal|76|e.d.}}<br />[[Marko Arnautović|Arnautović]] {{goal|90+12|straf}} |goals2 = {{goal|50}} [[Ali Olwan|Olwan]] |stadium = [[Levi's-stadion]], [[Santa Clara, Kalifornië|Santa Clara]] |attendance = 68&nbsp;527 |referee = Dahane Beida (Mauritanië)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[22 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 21:00 CDT (UTC−5) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Argentinië}}''' |score = 2–0 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021494 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Oostenryk}}''' |goals1 = [[Lionel Messi|Messi]] {{goal|38}}, {{goal|90+5}} |goals2 = |stadium = [[AT&T-stadion]], [[Arlington, Texas|Arlington]] |attendance = 70&nbsp;649 |referee = Amin Omar (Egipte)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[22 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 20:00 PT (UTC−7) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Jordanië}}''' |score = 1–2 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021499 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Algerië}}''' |goals1 = [[Nizar Al-Rashdan|Al-Rashdan]] {{goal|36}} |goals2 = {{goal|69}} [[Nadhir Benbouali|Benbouali]]<br />{{goal|82}} [[Amine Gouiri|Gouiri]] |stadium = [[Levi's-stadion]], [[Santa Clara, Kalifornië|Santa Clara]] |attendance = 68&nbsp;371 |referee = Slavko Vinčić (Slowenië)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[27 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 21:00 CDT (UTC−5) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Algerië}}''' |score = 3–3 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021497 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Oostenryk}}''' |goals1 = [[Rafik Belghali|Belghali]] {{goal|45}}<br />[[Riyad Mahrez|Mahrez]] {{goal|60}}, {{goal|90+3}} |goals2 = {{goal|28}} [[Marko Arnautović|Arnautović]]<br />{{goal|55}} [[Marcel Sabitzer|Sabitzer]]<br />{{goal|90+6}} [[Saša Kalajdžić|Kalajdžić]] |stadium = [[Arrowhead-stadion]], [[Kansas City]] |attendance = 69&nbsp;045 |referee = Ilgiz Tantashev (Oesbekistan)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[27 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 21:00 CDT (UTC−5) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Jordanië}}''' |score = 1–3 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021495 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Argentinië}}''' |goals1 = [[Musa Al-Taamari|Al-Taamari]] {{goal|55}} |goals2 = {{goal|19}} [[Giovani Lo Celso|Lo Celso]]<br />{{goal|31|straf}} [[Lautaro Martínez|Martínez]]<br />{{goal|80}} [[Lionel Messi|Messi]] |stadium = [[AT&T-stadion]], [[Arlington, Texas|Arlington]] |attendance = 70&nbsp;649 |referee = István Kovács (Roemenië)}} ==== Groep K ==== [[Lêer:2026 FIFA World Cup Match 72, DR Congo v Uzbekistan.webp|duimnael|Die wedstryd tussen die [[Demokratiese Republiek die Kongo se nasionale sokkerspan|Demokratiese Republiek die Kongo]] en [[Oesbekiese nasionale sokkerspan|Oesbekistan]] in Atlanta]] {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; !width=165|Land !width=20|{{Afkorting|Wed|Wedstryde gespeel}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|Wen|Wedstryde gewen}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|Gel|Gelykop}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|Ver|Wedstryde verloor}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|DV|Doele vir}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|DT|Doele teen}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|+/–|Doelverskil}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|Pte|Punte}} |- style="background:#cfc" |style="text-align:left;"|{{vlagland|Colombia}} |3||2||1||0||4||1||+3||'''7''' |- style="background:#cfc" |style="text-align:left;"|{{vlagland|Portugal}} |3||1||2||0||6||1||+5||'''5''' |- style="background:#cfc" |style="text-align:left;"|{{vlagikoon|Demokratiese Republiek die Kongo}} [[Demokratiese Republiek die Kongo|DR Kongo]] |3||1||1||1||4||3||+1||'''4''' |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{vlagland|Oesbekistan}} |3||0||0||3||2||11||–9||'''0''' |} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[17 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 21:00 CDT (UTC−5) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Portugal}}''' |score = 1–1 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021502 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagikoon|Demokratiese Republiek die Kongo}} [[Demokratiese Republiek die Kongo|DR Kongo]]''' |goals1 = [[João Neves|Neves]] {{goal|6}} |goals2 = {{goal|45+5}} [[Yoane Wissa|Wissa]] |stadium = [[NRG-stadion]], [[Houston]] |attendance = 68&nbsp;777 |referee = Abdulrahman Al-Jassim (Katar)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[17 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 20:00 CST (UTC−6) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Oesbekistan}}''' |score = 1–3 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021504 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Colombia}}''' |goals1 = [[Abbosbek Fayzullaev|Fayzullaev]] {{goal|60}} |goals2 = {{goal|40}} [[Daniel Muñoz|Muñoz]]<br />{{goal|65}} [[Luis Díaz|Díaz]]<br />{{goal|90+9}} [[Jaminton Campaz|Campaz]] |stadium = [[Azteca-stadion]], [[Meksikostad]] |attendance = 80&nbsp;824 |referee = Anthony Taylor (Engeland)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[23 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 21:00 CDT (UTC−5) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Portugal}}''' |score = 5–0 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021503 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Oesbekistan}}''' |goals1 = [[Cristiano Ronaldo|Ronaldo]] {{goal|6}}, {{goal|39}}<br />[[Nuno Mendes|Mendes]] {{goal|17}}<br />[[Abduvohid Nematov|Nematov]] {{goal|60|e.d.}}<br />[[Rafael Leão|Leão]] {{goal|87}} |goals2 = |stadium = [[NRG-stadion]], [[Houston]] |attendance = 68&nbsp;777 |referee = Jalal Jayed (Marokko)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[23 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 20:00 CST (UTC−6) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Colombia}}''' |score = 1–0 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021501 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagikoon|Demokratiese Republiek die Kongo}} [[Demokratiese Republiek die Kongo|DR Kongo]]''' |goals1 = [[Daniel Muñoz|Muñoz]] {{goal|76}} |goals2 = |stadium = [[Estadio Akron]], [[Zapopan]] |attendance = 45&nbsp;358 |referee = Maurizio Mariani (Italië)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[27 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 19:30 EDT (UTC−4) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Colombia}}''' |score = 0–0 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021505 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Portugal}}''' |goals1 = |goals2 = |stadium = [[Hard Rock-stadion]], [[Miami Gardens, Florida|Miami Gardens]] |attendance = 64&nbsp;478 |referee = Alireza Faghani (Australië)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[27 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 19:30 EDT (UTC−4) |team1 = '''{{vlagikoon|Demokratiese Republiek die Kongo}} [[Demokratiese Republiek die Kongo|DR Kongo]]''' |score = 3–1 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021500 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Oesbekistan}}''' |goals1 = [[Yoane Wissa|Wissa]] {{goal|68|straf}}, {{goal|90+1}}<br />[[Fiston Mayele|Mayele]] {{goal|78}} |goals2 = {{goal|10}} [[Eldor Shomurodov|Shomurodov]] |stadium = [[Mercedes-Benz-stadion]], [[Atlanta]] |attendance = 68&nbsp;239 |referee = Felix Zwayer (Duitsland)}} ==== Groep L ==== [[Lêer:Harry Kane 9 England v Ghana at 2026 Fifa World Cup by YantsImages 06.jpg|duimnael|Die wedstryd tussen [[Engelse nasionale sokkerspan|Engeland]] en [[Ghanese nasionale sokkerspan|Ghana]] in Foxborough]] {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; !width=165|Land !width=20|{{Afkorting|Wed|Wedstryde gespeel}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|Wen|Wedstryde gewen}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|Gel|Gelykop}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|Ver|Wedstryde verloor}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|DV|Doele vir}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|DT|Doele teen}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|+/–|Doelverskil}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|Pte|Punte}} |- style="background:#cfc" |style="text-align:left;"|{{vlagland|Engeland}} |3||2||1||0||6||2||+4||'''7''' |- style="background:#cfc" |style="text-align:left;"|{{vlagland|Kroasië}} |3||2||0||1||5||5||±0||'''6''' |- style="background:#cfc" |style="text-align:left;"|{{vlagland|Ghana}} |3||1||1||1||2||2||±0||'''4''' |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{vlagland|Panama}} |3||0||0||3||0||4||—4||'''0''' |} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[17 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 15:00 CDT (UTC−5) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Engeland}}''' |score = 4–2 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021507 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Kroasië}}''' |goals1 = [[Harry Kane|Kane]] {{goal|12|straf}}, {{goal|42}}<br />[[Jude Bellingham|Bellingham]] {{goal|47}}<br />[[Marcus Rashford|Rashford]] {{goal|85}} |goals2 = {{goal|36}} [[Martin Baturina|Baturina]]<br />{{goal|45+5}} [[Petar Musa|Musa]] |stadium = [[AT&T-stadion]], [[Arlington, Texas|Arlington]] |attendance = 70&nbsp;389 |referee = Clément Turpin (Frankryk)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[17 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 19:00 EDT (UTC−4) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Ghana}}''' |score = 1–0 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021510 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Panama}}''' |goals1 = [[Caleb Yirenkyi|Yirenkyi]] {{goal|90+5}} |goals2 = |stadium = [[BMO Field]], [[Toronto]] |attendance = 42&nbsp;942 |referee = Glenn Nyberg (Swede)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[23 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 16:00 EDT (UTC−4) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Engeland}}''' |score = 0–0 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021506 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Ghana}}''' |goals1 = |goals2 = |stadium = [[Gillette-stadion]], [[Foxborough, Massachusetts|Foxborough]] |attendance = 63&nbsp;983 |referee = Saíd Martínez (Honduras)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[23 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 19:00 EDT (UTC−4) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Panama}}''' |score = 0–1 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021511 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Kroasië}}''' |goals1 = |goals2 = {{goal|54}} [[Ante Budimir|Budimir]] |stadium = [[BMO Field]], [[Toronto]] |attendance = 43&nbsp;036 |referee = Pierre Atcho (Gaboen)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[27 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 17:00 EDT (UTC−4) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Panama}}''' |score = 0–2 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021508 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Engeland}}''' |goals1 = |goals2 = {{goal|62}} [[Jude Bellingham|Bellingham]]<br />{{goal|67}} [[Harry Kane|Kane]] |stadium = [[MetLife-stadion]], [[East Rutherford]] |attendance = 80&nbsp;663 |referee = Abdulrahman Al-Jassim (Katar)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[27 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 17:00 EDT (UTC−4) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Kroasië}}''' |score = 2–1 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021509 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Ghana}}''' |goals1 = [[Petar Sučić|P. Sučić]] {{goal|31}}<br />[[Nikola Vlašić|Vlašić]] {{goal|83}} |goals2 = {{goal|73}} [[Derrick Luckassen|Luckassen]] |stadium = [[Lincoln Financial Field]], [[Philadelphia]] |attendance = 68&nbsp;324 |referee = Drew Fischer (Kanada)}} ==== Ranglys van die derdeplek-spanne ==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !width=165|Land !width=30|Groep !width=20|{{Afkorting|Wed|Wedstryde gespeel}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|Wen|Wedstryde gewen}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|Gel|Gelykop}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|Ver|Wedstryde verloor}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|DV|Doele vir}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|DT|Doele teen}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|+/–|Doelverskil}} !width=20|{{Afkorting|Pte|Punte}} |- style="background:#cfc" |style="text-align:left;"|{{vlagikoon|Demokratiese Republiek die Kongo}} [[Demokratiese Republiek die Kongo|DR Kongo]] |K||3||1||1||1||4||3||+1||'''4''' |- style="background:#cfc" |style="text-align:left;"|{{vlagland|Swede}} |F||3||1||1||1||7||7||±0||'''4''' |- style="background:#cfc" |style="text-align:left;"|{{vlagland|Ghana}} |L||3||1||1||1||2||2||±0||'''4''' |- style="background:#cfc" |style="text-align:left;"|{{vlagland|Ecuador}} |E||3||1||1||1||2||2||±0||'''4''' |- style="background:#cfc" |style="text-align:left;"|{{vlagland|Bosnië en Herzegowina}} |B||3||1||1||1||5||6||–1||'''4''' |- style="background:#cfc" |style="text-align:left;"|{{vlagland|Algerië}} |J||3||1||1||1||5||7||–2||'''4''' |- style="background:#cfc" |style="text-align:left;"|{{vlagland|Paraguay}} |D||3||1||1||1||2||4||–2||'''4''' |- style="background:#cfc" |style="text-align:left;"|{{vlagland|Senegal}} |I||3||1||0||2||8||6||+2||'''3''' |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{vlagland|Iran}} |G||3||0||3||0||3||3||±0||'''3''' |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{vlagland|Suid-Korea}} |A||3||1||0||2||2||3||–1||'''3''' |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{vlagland|Skotland}} |C||3||1||0||2||1||4||–3||'''3''' |- |style="text-align:left;"|{{vlagland|Uruguay}} |H||3||0||2||1||3||4||–1||'''2''' |} === Uitklopfase === [[Lêer:Yasin Ayari -18, Michael Olise -11 France v Sweden at 2026 Fifa World Cup by YantsImages 05.jpg|duimnael|Die 16de eindrondtewedstryd tussen [[Franse nasionale sokkerspan|Frankryk]] en [[Sweedse nasionale sokkerspan|Swede]] in East Rutherford]] [[Lêer:Mexico v England (2026 FIFA World Cup - Round of 16).jpg|duimnael|Die agtste eindrondtewedstryd tussen [[Meksikaanse nasionale sokkerspan|Meksiko]] en [[Engelse nasionale sokkerspan|Engeland]] in Meksikostad]] {{Wedstrydskema laaste 32 | RD1 = 16de eindrondte | RD2 = Agtste eindrondte | RD3 = Kwarteindrondte | RD4 = Halfeindrondte | RD5 = Eindstryd | RD6 = derde plek | RD1-header-01 = 29 Junie – Foxborough | RD1-team01 = {{vlagland|Duitsland}} | RD1-score01 = 1<br />(3) | RD1-team02 = '''{{vlagland|Paraguay}}''' | RD1-score02 = '''1<br />(4)''' | RD1-header-02 = 30 Junie – East Rutherford | RD1-team03 = '''{{vlagland|Frankryk}}''' | RD1-score03 = '''3''' | RD1-team04 = {{vlagland|Swede}} | RD1-score04 = 0 | RD1-header-03 = 28 Junie – Inglewood | RD1-team05 = {{vlagland|Suid-Afrika}} | RD1-score05 = 0 | RD1-team06 = '''{{vlagland|Kanada}}''' | RD1-score06 = '''1''' | RD1-header-04 = 29 Junie – Guadalupe | RD1-team07 = {{vlagland|Nederland}} | RD1-score07 = 1<br />(2) | RD1-team08 = '''{{vlagland|Marokko}}''' | RD1-score08 = '''1<br />(3)''' | RD1-header-05 = 2 Julie – Toronto | RD1-team09 = '''{{vlagland|Portugal}}''' | RD1-score09 = '''2''' | RD1-team10 = {{vlagland|Kroasië}} | RD1-score10 = 1 | RD1-header-06 = 2 Julie – Inglewood | RD1-team11 = '''{{vlagland|Spanje}}''' | RD1-score11 = '''3''' | RD1-team12 = {{vlagland|Oostenryk}} | RD1-score12 = 0 | RD1-header-07 = 1 Julie – Santa Clara | RD1-team13 = '''{{vlagland|Verenigde State}}''' | RD1-score13 = '''2''' | RD1-team14 = {{vlagland|Bosnië en Herzegowina}} | RD1-score14 = 0 | RD1-header-08 = 1 Julie – Seattle | RD1-team15 = '''{{vlagland|België}}''' | RD1-score15 = '''3''' | RD1-team16 = {{vlagland|Senegal}} | RD1-score16 = 2 | RD1-header-09 = 29 Junie – Houston | RD1-team17 = '''{{vlagland|Brasilië}}''' | RD1-score17 = '''2''' | RD1-team18 = {{vlagland|Japan}} | RD1-score18 = 1 | RD1-header-10 = 30 Junie – Arlington | RD1-team19 = {{vlagland|Ivoorkus}} | RD1-score19 = 1 | RD1-team20 = '''{{vlagland|Noorweë}}''' | RD1-score20 = '''2''' | RD1-header-11 = 30 Junie – Meksikostad | RD1-team21 = '''{{vlagland|Meksiko}}''' | RD1-score21 = '''2''' | RD1-team22 = {{vlagland|Ecuador}} | RD1-score22 = 0 | RD1-header-12 = 1 Julie – Atlanta | RD1-team23 = '''{{vlagland|Engeland}}''' | RD1-score23 = '''2''' | RD1-team24 = {{vlagikoon|Demokratiese Republiek die Kongo}} [[Demokratiese Republiek die Kongo|DR Kongo]] | RD1-score24 = 1 | RD1-header-13 = 3 Julie – Miami Gardens | RD1-team25 = '''{{vlagland|Argentinië}}''' | RD1-score25 = '''3''' | RD1-team26 = {{vlagland|Kaap Verde}} | RD1-score26 = 2 | RD1-header-14 = 3 Julie – Arlington | RD1-team27 = {{vlagland|Australië}} | RD1-score27 = 1<br />(2) | RD1-team28 = '''{{vlagland|Egipte}}''' | RD1-score28 = '''1<br />(4)''' | RD1-header-15 = 2 Julie – Vancouver | RD1-team29 = '''{{vlagland|Switserland}}''' | RD1-score29 = '''2''' | RD1-team30 = {{vlagland|Algerië}} | RD1-score30 = 0 | RD1-header-16 = 3 Julie – Kansas City | RD1-team31 = '''{{vlagland|Colombia}}''' | RD1-score31 = '''1''' | RD1-team32 = {{vlagland|Ghana}} | RD1-score32 = 0 | RD2-header-1 = 4 Julie – Philadelphia | RD2-team01 = {{vlagland|Paraguay}} | RD2-score01 = 0 | RD2-team02 = '''{{vlagland|Frankryk}}''' | RD2-score02 = '''1''' | RD2-header-2 = 4 Julie – Houston | RD2-team03 = {{vlagland|Kanada}} | RD2-score03 = 0 | RD2-team04 = '''{{vlagland|Marokko}}''' | RD2-score04 = '''3''' | RD2-header-3 = 6 Julie – Arlington | RD2-team05 = {{vlagland|Portugal}} | RD2-score05 = 0 | RD2-team06 = '''{{vlagland|Spanje}}''' | RD2-score06 = '''1''' | RD2-header-4 = 6 Julie – Seattle | RD2-team07 = {{vlagland|Verenigde State}} | RD2-score07 = 1 | RD2-team08 = '''{{vlagland|België}}''' | RD2-score08 = '''4''' | RD2-header-5 = 5 Julie – East Rutherford | RD2-team09 = {{vlagland|Brasilië}} | RD2-score09 = 1 | RD2-team10 = '''{{vlagland|Noorweë}}''' | RD2-score10 = '''2''' | RD2-header-6 = 5 Julie – Meksikostad | RD2-team11 = {{vlagland|Meksiko}} | RD2-score11 = 2 | RD2-team12 = '''{{vlagland|Engeland}}''' | RD2-score12 = '''3''' | RD2-header-7 = 7 Julie – Atlanta | RD2-team13 = '''{{vlagland|Argentinië}}''' | RD2-score13 = '''3''' | RD2-team14 = {{vlagland|Egipte}} | RD2-score14 = 2 | RD2-header-8 = 7 Julie – Vancouver | RD2-team15 = '''{{vlagland|Switserland}}''' | RD2-score15 = '''0<br />(4)''' | RD2-team16 = {{vlagland|Colombia}} | RD2-score16 = 0<br />(3) | RD3-header-1 = 9 Julie – Foxborough | RD3-team01 = '''{{vlagland|Frankryk}}''' | RD3-score01 = '''2''' | RD3-team02 = {{vlagland|Marokko}} | RD3-score02 = 0 | RD3-header-2 = 10 Julie – Inglewood | RD3-team03 = '''{{vlagland|Spanje}}''' | RD3-score03 = '''2''' | RD3-team04 = {{vlagland|België}} | RD3-score04 = 1 | RD3-header-3 = 11 Julie – Miami Gardens | RD3-team05 = {{vlagland|Noorweë}} | RD3-score05 = | RD3-team06 = {{vlagland|Engeland}} | RD3-score06 = | RD3-header-4 = 11 Julie – Kansas City | RD3-team07 = {{vlagland|Argentinië}} | RD3-score07 = | RD3-team08 = {{vlagland|Switserland}} | RD3-score08 = | RD4-header-1 = 14 Julie – Arlington | RD4-team01 = {{vlagland|Frankryk}} | RD4-score01 = | RD4-team02 = {{vlagland|Spanje}} | RD4-score02 = | RD4-header-2 = 15 Julie – Atlanta | RD4-team03 = Wenner Wedstryd 99 | RD4-score03 = | RD4-team04 = Wenner Wedstryd 100 | RD4-score04 = | RD5-header-1 = 19 Julie – East Rutherford | RD5-team01 = Wenner Wedstryd 101 | RD5-score01 = | RD5-team02 = Wenner Wedstryd 102 | RD5-score02 = | RD6-header-1 = 18 Julie – Miami Gardens | RD6-team01 = Verloorder Wedstryd 101 | RD6-score01 = | RD6-team02 = Verloorder Wedstryd 102 | RD6-score02 = }} ==== 16de eindrondte ==== {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[28 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 12:00 PT (UTC−7) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Suid-Afrika}}''' |score = 0–1 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289287/400021518 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Kanada}}''' |goals1 = |goals2 = {{goal|90+2}} [[Stephen Eustáquio|Eustáquio]] |stadium = [[SoFi-stadion]], [[Inglewood, Kalifornië|Inglewood]] |attendance = 69&nbsp;237 |referee = João Pinheiro (Portugal)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[29 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 16:30 EDT (UTC−4) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Duitsland}}''' |score = 1–1 ([[Ekstra tyd|e.t.]]) |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021513 Verslag]<br />[[Strafskop (sokker)|Strafskoppe]]<br />'''3–4''' |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Paraguay}}''' |goals1 = [[Kai Havertz|Havertz]] {{goal|54}}<br />'''''Strafskoppe'''''<br />[[Kai Havertz|Havertz]] {{penmiss}}<br />[[Joshua Kimmich|Kimmich]] {{pengoal}}<br />[[Jamal Musiala|Musiala]] {{pengoal}}<br />[[Nick Woltemade|Woltemade]] {{penmiss}}<br />[[Nadiem Amiri|Amiri]] {{pengoal}}<br />[[Jonathan Tah|Tah]] {{penmiss}} |goals2 = {{goal|42}} [[Julio Enciso|Enciso]]<br />'''''Strafskoppe'''''<br />{{pengoal}} [[Maurício]]<br />{{pengoal}} [[Gustavo Gómez|G. Gómez]]<br />{{pengoal}} [[Matías Galarza|Galarza]]<br />{{penmiss}} [[Antonio Sanabria|Sanabria]]<br />{{penmiss}} [[Fabián Balbuena|Balbuena]]<br />{{pengoal}} [[José Canale|Canale]] |stadium = [[Gillette-stadion]], [[Foxborough, Massachusetts|Foxborough]] |attendance = 63&nbsp;945 |referee = Jalal Jayed (Marokko)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[29 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 19:00 CST (UTC−6) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Nederland}}''' |score = 1–1 ([[Ekstra tyd|e.t.]]) |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021522 Verslag]<br />[[Strafskop (sokker)|Strafskoppe]]<br />'''2–3''' |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Marokko}}''' |goals1 = [[Cody Gakpo|Gakpo]] {{goal|72}}<br />'''''Strafskoppe'''''<br />[[Teun Koopmeiners|Koopmeiners]] {{pengoal}}<br />[[Justin Kluivert|Kluivert]] {{penmiss}}<br />[[Wout Weghorst|Weghorst]] {{pengoal}}<br />[[Quinten Timber|Timber]] {{penmiss}}<br />[[Crysencio Summerville|Summerville]] {{penmiss}} |goals2 = {{goal|90+1}} [[Issa Diop|Diop]]<br />'''''Strafskoppe'''''<br />{{penmiss}} [[Neil El Aynaoui|El Aynaoui]]<br />{{pengoal}} [[Soufiane Rahimi|Rahimi]]<br />{{pengoal}} [[Chemsdine Talbi|Talbi]]<br />{{penmiss}} [[Achraf Hakimi|Hakimi]]<br />{{pengoal}} [[Ismael Saibari|Saibari]] |stadium = [[Estadio BBVA]], [[Guadalupe, Nuevo León|Guadalupe]] |attendance = 51&nbsp;243 |referee = Wilton Sampaio (Brasilië)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[29 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 12:00 CDT (UTC−4) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Brasilië}}''' |score = 2–1 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021516 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Japan}}''' |goals1 = [[Casemiro]] {{goal|56}}<br />[[Gabriel Martinelli|Martinelli]] {{goal|90+5}} |goals2 = {{goal|29}} [[Kaishu Sano|Sano]] |stadium = [[NRG-stadion]], [[Houston]] |attendance = 68&nbsp;777 |referee = Maurizio Mariani (Italië)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[30 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 17:00 EDT (UTC−4) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Frankryk}}''' |score = 3–0 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021523 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Swede}}''' |goals1 = [[Kylian Mbappé|Mbappé]] {{goal|45}}, {{goal|74}}<br />[[Bradley Barcola|Barcola]] {{goal|53}} |goals2 = |stadium = [[MetLife-stadion]], [[East Rutherford]] |attendance = 80&nbsp;663 |referee = Danny Makkelie (Nederland)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[30 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 12:00 CDT (UTC−5) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Ivoorkus}}''' |score = 1–2 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021514 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Noorweë}}''' |goals1 = [[Amad Diallo|Diallo]] {{goal|74}} |goals2 = {{goal|39}} [[Antonio Nusa|Nusa]]<br />{{goal|86}} [[Erling Haaland|Haaland]] |stadium = [[AT&T-stadion]], [[Arlington, Texas|Arlington]] |attendance = 69&nbsp;665 |referee = Jesús Valenzuela (Venezuela)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[30 Junie]] [[2026]] |time = 19:00 CST (UTC−6) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Meksiko}}''' |score = 2–0 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021520 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Ecuador}}''' |goals1 = [[Julián Quiñones|Quiñones]] {{goal|22}}<br />[[Raúl Jiménez|Jiménez]] {{goal|31}} |goals2 = |stadium = [[Azteca-stadion]], [[Meksikostad]] |attendance = 80&nbsp;824 |referee = Slavko Vinčić (Slowenië)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[1 Julie]] [[2026]] |time = 12:00 EDT (UTC−4) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Engeland}}''' |score = 2–1 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021512 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagikoon|Demokratiese Republiek die Kongo}} [[Demokratiese Republiek die Kongo|DR Kongo]]''' |goals1 = [[Harry Kane|Kane]] {{goal|75}}, {{goal|86}} |goals2 = {{goal|7}} [[Brian Cipenga|Cipenga]] |stadium = [[Mercedes-Benz-stadion]], [[Atlanta]] |attendance = 68&nbsp;239 |referee = Adham Makhadmeh (Jordanië)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[1 Julie]] [[2026]] |time = 17:00 PT (UTC−7) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Verenigde State}}''' |score = 2–0 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021524 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Bosnië en Herzegowina}}''' |goals1 = [[Folarin Balogun|Balogun]] {{goal|45}}<br />[[Malik Tillman|Tillman]] {{goal|82}} |goals2 = |stadium = [[Levi's-stadion]], [[Santa Clara, Kalifornië|Santa Clara]] |attendance = 68&nbsp;827 |referee = Raphael Claus (Brasilië)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[1 Julie]] [[2026]] |time = 13:00 PT (UTC−7) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|België}}''' |score = 3–2 ([[Ekstra tyd|e.t.]]) |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021525 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Senegal}}''' |goals1 = [[Romelu Lukaku|Lukaku]] {{goal|86}}<br />[[Youri Tielemans|Tielemans]] {{goal|89}}, {{goal|120+5|straf}} |goals2 = {{goal|24}} [[Habib Diarra|Diarra]]<br />{{goal|51}} [[Ismaïla Sarr|I. Sarr]] |stadium = [[Lumen Field]], [[Seattle]] |attendance = 66&nbsp;925 |referee = Saíd Martínez (Honduras)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[2 Julie]] [[2026]] |time = 19:00 EDT (UTC−4) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Portugal}}''' |score = 2–1 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021526 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Kroasië}}''' |goals1 = [[Cristiano Ronaldo|Ronaldo]] {{goal|68|straf}}<br />[[Gonçalo Ramos|Ramos]] {{goal|90+4}} |goals2 = {{goal|53}} [[Ivan Perišić|Perišić]] |stadium = [[BMO Field]], [[Toronto]] |attendance = 43&nbsp;036 |referee = Espen Eskås (Noorweë)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[2 Julie]] [[2026]] |time = 12:00 PT (UTC−7) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Spanje}}''' |score = 3–0 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021519 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Oostenryk}}''' |goals1 = [[Mikel Oyarzabal|Oyarzabal]] {{goal|36}}, {{goal|89}}<br />[[Pedro Porro|Porro]] {{goal|66}} |goals2 = |stadium = [[SoFi-stadion]], [[Inglewood, Kalifornië|Inglewood]] |attendance = 70&nbsp;492 |referee = Glenn Nyberg (Swede)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[2 Julie]] [[2026]] |time = 20:00 PT (UTC−7) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Switserland}}''' |score = 2–0 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021527 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Algerië}}''' |goals1 = [[Breel Embolo|Embolo]] {{goal|10}}<br />[[Dan Ndoye|Ndoye]] {{goal|46}} |goals2 = |stadium = [[BC Place]], [[Vancouver]] |attendance = 52&nbsp;497 |referee = Yael Falcón (Argentinië)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[3 Julie]] [[2026]] |time = 18:00 EDT (UTC−4) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Argentinië}}''' |score = 3–2 ([[Ekstra tyd|e.t.]]) |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021521 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Kaap Verde}}''' |goals1 = [[Lionel Messi|Messi]] {{goal|29}}<br />[[Lisandro Martínez|Li. Martínez]] {{goal|92}}<br />[[Diney (sokkerspeler)|Diney]] {{goal|111|e.d.}} |goals2 = {{goal|59}} [[Deroy Duarte|D. Duarte]]<br />{{goal|103}} [[Sidny Lopes Cabral|Lopes Cabral]] |stadium = [[Hard Rock-stadion]], [[Miami Gardens, Florida|Miami Gardens]] |attendance = 64&nbsp;478 |referee = Drew Fischer (Kanada)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[3 Julie]] [[2026]] |time = 20:30 CDT (UTC−5) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Colombia}}''' |score = 1–0 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021517 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Ghana}}''' |goals1 = [[Jhon Arias|J. Arias]] {{goal|14}} |goals2 = |stadium = [[Arrowhead-stadion]], [[Kansas City]] |attendance = 69&nbsp;045 |referee = Clément Turpin (Frankryk)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[3 Julie]] [[2026]] |time = 13:00 CDT (UTC−5) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Australië}}''' |score = 1–1 ([[Ekstra tyd|e.t.]]) |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021515 Verslag]<br />[[Strafskop (sokker)|Strafskoppe]]<br />'''2–4''' |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Egipte}}''' |goals1 = [[Mohamed Hany|Hany]] {{goal|55|e.d.}}<br />'''''Strafskoppe'''''<br />[[Harry Souttar|Souttar]] {{penmiss}}<br />[[Jackson Irvine|Irvine]] {{pengoal}}<br />[[Awer Mabil|Mabil]] {{pengoal}}<br />[[Lucas Herrington|Herrington]] {{penmiss}} |goals2 = {{goal|13}} [[Emam Ashour|Ashour]]<br />'''''Strafskoppe'''''<br />{{pengoal}} [[Mahmoud Saber|Saber]]<br />{{pengoal}} [[Ramy Rabia|Rabia]]<br />{{pengoal}} [[Mohamed Salah|Salah]]<br />{{pengoal}} [[Hossam Abdelmaguid|Abdelmaguid]] |stadium = [[AT&T-stadion]], [[Arlington, Texas|Arlington]] |attendance = 70&nbsp;244 |referee = Gustavo Tejera (Uruguay)}} ==== Agtste eindrondte ==== {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[4 Julie]] [[2026]] |time = 17:00 EDT (UTC−4) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Paraguay}}''' |score = 0–1 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021533 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Frankryk}}''' |goals1 = |goals2 = {{goal|70|straf}} [[Kylian Mbappé|Mbappé]] |stadium = [[Lincoln Financial Field]], [[Philadelphia]] |attendance = 68&nbsp;324 |referee = Ilgiz Tantashev (Oesbekistan)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[4 Julie]] [[2026]] |time = 12:00 CDT (UTC−4) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Kanada}}''' |score = 0–3 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021530 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Marokko}}''' |goals1 = |goals2 = {{goal|50}}, {{goal|82}} [[Azzedine Ounahi|Ounahi]]<br />{{goal|90+8}} [[Soufiane Rahimi|Rahimi]] |stadium = [[NRG-stadion]], [[Houston]] |attendance = 68&nbsp;777 |referee = Michael Oliver (Engeland)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[5 Julie]] [[2026]] |time = 16:00 EDT (UTC−4) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Brasilië}}''' |score = 1–2 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021532 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Noorweë}}''' |goals1 = [[Neymar]] {{goal|90+10|straf}} |goals2 = {{goal|79}}, {{goal|90}} [[Erling Haaland|Haaland]] |stadium = [[MetLife-stadion]], [[East Rutherford]] |attendance = 80&nbsp;663 |referee = Ismail Elfath (Verenigde State)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[5 Julie]] [[2026]] |time = 18:00 CST (UTC−6) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Meksiko}}''' |score = 2–3 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021531 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Engeland}}''' |goals1 = [[Julián Quiñones|Quiñones]] {{goal|42}}<br />[[Raúl Jiménez|Jiménez]] {{goal|69|straf}} |goals2 = {{goal|36}}, {{goal|38}} [[Jude Bellingham|Bellingham]]<br />{{goal|60|straf}} [[Harry Kane|Kane]] |stadium = [[Azteca-stadion]], [[Meksikostad]] |attendance = 80&nbsp;824 |referee = Alireza Faghani (Australië)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[6 Julie]] [[2026]] |time = 14:00 CDT (UTC−5) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Portugal}}''' |score = 0–1 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021529 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Spanje}}''' |goals1 = |goals2 = {{goal|90+1}} [[Mikel Merino|Merino]] |stadium = [[AT&T-stadion]], [[Arlington, Texas|Arlington]] |attendance = 70&nbsp;649 |referee = Anthony Taylor (Engeland)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[6 Julie]] [[2026]] |time = 17:00 PT (UTC−7) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Verenigde State}}''' |score = 1–4 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021534 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|België}}''' |goals1 = [[Malik Tillman|Tillman]] {{goal|31}} |goals2 = {{goal|9}}, {{goal|33}} [[Charles De Ketelaere|De Ketelaere]]<br />{{goal|57}} [[Hans Vanaken|Vanaken]]<br />{{goal|90+3}} [[Romelu Lukaku|Lukaku]] |stadium = [[Lumen Field]], [[Seattle]] |attendance = 66&nbsp;925 |referee = Adham Makhadmeh (Jordanië)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[7 Julie]] [[2026]] |time = 12:00 EDT (UTC−4) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Argentinië}}''' |score = 3–2 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021528 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Egipte}}''' |goals1 = [[Cristian Romero|Romero]] {{goal|79}}<br />[[Lionel Messi|Messi]] {{goal|83}}<br />[[Enzo Fernández|Fernández]] {{goal|90+2}} |goals2 = {{goal|15}} [[Yasser Ibrahim|Ibrahim]]<br />{{goal|67}} [[Mostafa Ziko|Ziko]] |stadium = [[Mercedes-Benz-stadion]], [[Atlanta]] |attendance = 68&nbsp;239 |referee = François Letexier (Frankryk)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[7 Julie]] [[2026]] |time = 13:00 PT (UTC−7) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Switserland}}''' |score = 0–0 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021535 Verslag]<br />[[Strafskop (sokker)|Strafskoppe]]<br />'''4–3''' |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Colombia}}''' |goals1 = <br />'''''Strafskoppe'''''<br />[[Granit Xhaka|Xhaka]] {{pengoal}}<br />[[Zeki Amdouni|Amdouni]] {{pengoal}}<br />[[Manuel Akanji|Akanji]] {{penmiss}}<br />[[Cedric Itten|Itten]] {{pengoal}}<br />[[Rubén Vargas|Vargas]] {{pengoal}} |goals2 = <br />'''''Strafskoppe'''''<br />{{pengoal}} [[Juan Fernando Quintero|Quintero]]<br />{{penmiss}} [[Davinson Sánchez|Sánchez]]<br />{{pengoal}} [[Jaminton Campaz|Campaz]]<br />{{penmiss}} [[Cucho Hernández|Hernández]]<br />{{pengoal}} [[Luis Díaz|Díaz]] |stadium = [[BC Place]], [[Vancouver]] |attendance = 52&nbsp;497 |referee = Iván Barton (El Salvador)}} ==== Kwarteindrondte ==== {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[9 Julie]] [[2026]] |time = 16:00 EDT (UTC−4) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Frankryk}}''' |score = 2–0 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021536 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Marokko}}''' |goals1 = [[Kylian Mbappé|Mbappé]] {{goal|60}}<br />[[Ousmane Dembélé|Dembélé]] {{goal|66}} |goals2 = |stadium = [[Gillette-stadion]], [[Foxborough, Massachusetts|Foxborough]] |attendance = 63&nbsp;811 |referee = Facundo Tello (Argentinië)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[10 Julie]] [[2026]] |time = 12:00 PT (UTC−7) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Spanje}}''' |score = 2–1 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021538 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|België}}''' |goals1 = [[Fabián Ruiz|Fabián]] {{goal|30}}<br />[[Mikel Merino|Merino]] {{goal|88}} |goals2 = {{goal|41}} [[Charles De Ketelaere|De Ketelaere]] |stadium = [[SoFi-stadion]], [[Inglewood, Kalifornië|Inglewood]] |attendance = 70&nbsp;492 |referee = Michael Oliver (Engeland)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[11 Julie]] [[2026]] |time = 17:00 EDT (UTC−4) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Noorweë}}''' |score = 1–2 ([[Ekstra tyd|e.t.]]) |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021539 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Engeland}}''' |goals1 = |goals2 = |stadium = [[Hard Rock-stadion]], [[Miami Gardens, Florida|Miami Gardens]] |attendance = |referee = Clément Turpin (Frankryk)}} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[11 Julie]] [[2026]] |time = 20:00 CDT (UTC−5) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Argentinië}}''' |score = Wedstryd 100 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021537 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Switserland}}''' |goals1 = |goals2 = |stadium = [[Arrowhead-stadion]], [[Kansas City]] |attendance = |referee = João Pinheiro (Portugal)}} ==== Halfeindrondte ==== {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[14 Julie]] [[2026]] |time = 14:00 CDT (UTC−5) |team1 = '''{{vlagland|Frankryk}}''' |score = Wedstryd 101 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021541 Verslag] |team2 = '''{{vlagland|Spanje}}''' |goals1 = |goals2 = |stadium = [[AT&T-stadion]], [[Arlington, Texas|Arlington]] |attendance = |referee = }} {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[15 Julie]] [[2026]] |time = 15:00 EDT (UTC−4) |team1 = '''Wenner Wedstryd 99''' |score = Wedstryd 102 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021540 Verslag] |team2 = '''Wenner Wedstryd 100''' |goals1 = |goals2 = |stadium = [[Mercedes-Benz-stadion]], [[Atlanta]] |attendance = |referee = }} ==== Klein finale (om die derde plek) ==== {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[18 Julie]] [[2026]] |time = 17:00 EDT (UTC−4) |team1 = '''Verloorder Wedstryd 101''' |score = Wedstryd 103 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021542 Verslag] |team2 = '''Verloorder Wedstryd 102''' |goals1 = |goals2 = |stadium = [[Hard Rock-stadion]], [[Miami Gardens, Florida|Miami Gardens]] |attendance = |referee = }} ==== Eindstryd ==== {{sokkerwedstryd |date = [[19 Julie]] [[2026]] |time = 15:00 EDT (UTC−4) |team1 = '''Wenner Wedstryd 101''' |score = Wedstryd 104 |report = [https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/17/285023/289273/400021543 Verslag] |team2 = '''Wenner Wedstryd 102''' |goals1 = |goals2 = |stadium = [[MetLife-stadion]], [[East Rutherford]] |attendance = |referee = }} <br /> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; margin: 0 auto;" !Sokkerwêreldkampioen 2026 |- |align=center|'''Eindstrydwenner''' |} == Sien ook == * [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1970]] in Meksiko * [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1986]] ook in Meksiko * [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 1994]] in die Verenigde State == Verwysings == {{Verwysings|4}} == Eksterne skakels == {{CommonsKategorie|2026 FIFA World Cup|FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2026}} * {{en}} {{es}} {{fr}} [https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026 Amptelike webwerf] * {{en}} [http://www.worldcup-history.com/index.php?siden=VM&aaret=2026 worldcup-history.com: ''2026''] * {{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/event/2026-FIFA-World-Cup|title=2026 FIFA World Cup|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|accessdate=10 Julie 2026}} * {{en}} {{IMDb-titel|32915471|2026 FIFA World Cup}} {{Navigasie Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooie}} {{Normdata}} [[Kategorie:Geskiedenis van Kanada]] [[Kategorie:Geskiedenis van Meksiko]] [[Kategorie:Geskiedenis van die Verenigde State van Amerika]] [[Kategorie:Sokkerkompetisies in Kanada]] [[Kategorie:Sokkerkompetisies in Meksiko]] [[Kategorie:Sokkerkompetisies in die Verenigde State van Amerika]] [[Kategorie:FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi|2026]] [[Kategorie:Sport in 2026]] sj4t16y11sk658q0wyrekll5396yql5 3 138322 2917046 2911049 2026-07-11T22:35:33Z MediaWiki message delivery 55541 /* This Month in GLAM: June 2026 */ nuwe afdeling 2917046 wikitext text/x-wiki == Welkom == {| class="toccolours" width="100%" style="font-size:100%; margin-bottom:0.5em;" | {| width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" style="font-size:95%; line-height:125%; background-color:#faf6ed; border:1px solid #faecc8;" |- | colspan="4" style="background-color:#faecc8;" |<big>'''{{#ifeq: {{lc:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}} | {{uc:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}} | Hallo,&nbsp;gebruiker vanaf [[IP-adres]] {{BASEPAGENAME}} | Hallo&nbsp;{{PAGENAME}}}},''' [[Wikipedia:Welkom nuwelinge|hartelik welkom]] op die Afrikaanse Wikipedia!</big> |- | colspan="4" | Dankie vir jou belangstelling in [[Wikipedia]]. Ons werk hier aan die ideaal van ’n gratis en vrylik beskikbare, vrylik bewerkbare, neutrale en volledige ensiklopedie. |- | colspan="4" | Die [[Afrikaanse Wikipedia]] bestaan al sedert Desember 2001 en bevat reeds ''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}'' artikels. Vanaf die begin van die projek het die gebruikers ’n aantal riglyne en uitgangspunte vir artikelbewerking en onderlinge samewerking opgestel. Nuwelinge kan hieruit voordeel trek. Jy mag dit behulpsaam vind om van die skakels in hierdie raampie te volg en met die projek vertroud te raak voordat jy begin bydra. Indien jou vingers jeuk om te eksperimenteer, kan jy gerus ons [[Wikipedia:Sandput|Sandput]] besoek: dit is juis vir die rede daar. Uiteindelik wil ons dat al ons gebruikers [[Wikipedia:Voel vry en gaan jou gang|vry voel om hulle gang te gaan]], maar dit doen natuurlik geen kwaad om ’n bietjie houvas te kry voor 'n mens in die diep kant in spring nie! Besoek gerus ook ons [[Wikipedia:Geselshoekie|Geselshoekie]], ons gebruikers staan gereed om hand by te sit, of bloot net hand te skud. |- | align="right" | {{Klik|Afbeelding=Books-aj.svg aj ashton 01.svg|Grootte=30px|Link=Wikipedia:Verifieerbaarheid}} | [[Wikipedia:Verifieerbaarheid|'''Verifieerbaarheid''']]<br />Die eerste van Wikipedia se drie kernbeleide | align="right" | {{Klik|Afbeelding=Konversation.svg|Grootte=30px|Link=Wikipedia:Geselshoekie}} | [[Wikipedia:Geselshoekie|'''Geselshoekie''']]<br />Die gewilde bymekaarkomplek |- | width="8%" align="right" | {{Klik|Afbeelding=OrgChem Nomen pictograph.png|Grootte=30px|Link=Wikipedia:Geen oorspronklike navorsing}} | width="38%" | [[Wikipedia:Geen oorspronklike navorsing|'''Geen oorspronklike navorsing''']]<br/>Die tweede van Wikipedia se drie kernbeleide | align="right" | {{Klik|Afbeelding=Bucket in the sand.svg|Grootte=30px|Link=Wikipedia:Sandput}} | width="38%" | [[Wikipedia:Sandput|'''Sandput''']]<br />Eksperimenteer na hartelus |- | align="right" |{{Klik|Afbeelding=Unbalanced scales.svg|Grootte=30px|Link=Wikipedia:Neutrale standpunt}} | [[Wikipedia:Neutrale standpunt| '''Neutrale standpunt''']]<br />Die derde van Wikipedia se drie kernbeleide | width="8%" align="right" | {{Klik|Afbeelding=Icon tools.svg|Grootte=30px|Link=Wikipedia:Redigeringsinstruksies}} | [[Wikipedia:Redigeringsinstruksies|'''Redigeringsinstruksies''']]<br />Hoe maak ek: teks wat skuinsgedruk is? ’n opskrif? tabelle? |- | align="right" | {{Klik|Afbeelding=Nuvola apps important yellow.svg|Grootte=30px|Link=Wikipedia:Wat Wikipedia nie is nie}} | [[Wikipedia:Wat Wikipedia nie is nie|'''Wat Wikipedia nie is nie''']]<br />Daar is ook ’n paar dinge wat ons nié hier doen nie | align="right" | {{Klik|Afbeelding=Icon - upload photo 2.svg|Grootte=30px|Link=Wikipedia:Beelde}} | [[Wikipedia:Beelde|'''Beelde''']]<br />As jy jou kiekies wil oplaai |- | align="right" | {{Klik|Afbeelding=Crystal Clear app ksmiletris.png|Grootte=30px|Link=Wikipedia:Beleefdheid}} | [[Wikipedia:Beleefdheid|'''Beleefdheid''']]<br />Ken jou maniere | align="right" | {{Klik|Afbeelding=Crystal Clear app kedit.svg||Grootte=30px|Link=Wikipedia:Wenke vir die skryf van ’n goeie artikel}} | [[Wikipedia:Wenke vir die skryf van ’n goeie artikel|'''Wenke vir die skryf van ’n goeie artikel''']]<br />Soms sê die naam alles {{#ifeq: {{lc:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}} | {{uc:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}} | {{!}}- {{!}} colspan="4" style="border-top:2px solid #faecc8;" {{!}}Jou bydrae word nou geregistreer onder jou IP-adres. Daar is verskeie voordele gebonde aan die skep van ’n rekening - sluit gerus by ons aan!| }} |- | colspan="4" style="border-top:2px solid #faecc8;" | Hierdie bladsy, wat nou op jou skerm staan, is trouens jou persoonlike besprekingsbladsy. Die plek waar ander Wikipediane jou in die toekoms kan kontak en jy hulle dan kan beantwoord. Elke gebruiker het so ’n bladsy. Jy kan dus ook boodskappe op ander gebruikers se besprekingsbladsye los. Sluit boodskappe en besprekings altyd af met <big><nowiki>~~~~</nowiki></big> of deur op die handtekeningknop in die wysigingsvenster te kliek: sodoende word jou boodskap onderteken met jou gebruikersnaam en die datum en tyd waarop die boodskap voltooi is. Kliek dan as laaste op "Stoor bladsy" om enige bewerkings te stoor. |} |} K175 ([[Gebruikerbespreking:K175|bespreking]] | [[Spesiaal:Bydraes/K175|bydraes]]) 08:07, 12 Junie 2018 (UTC) == [[Jos]] == Onthou asb om bronne by te voeg! Groete! [[Gebruiker:Oesjaar|Oesjaar]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Oesjaar|kontak]]) 15:02, 12 Junie 2018 (UTC) == ''This Month in GLAM'': August 2019 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2019|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume IX, Issue VIII, August 2019</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2019/Contents/Côte d'Ivoire report|Côte d'Ivoire report]]: Strategic salon around GLAM perspectives * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2019/Contents/Finland report|Finland report]]: Continuing our work with the Saami communities * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2019/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Digitization of banknotes and introduction to structured data on Commons (continued) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2019/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Wikidata map making workshop * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2019/Contents/Norway report|Norway report]]: Women in Red: collaboration with The National Library in Norway and Oslo Metropolitan University * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2019/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: GLAM communities of practice; Problematic data * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2019/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: New and old collaborations * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2019/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wikimania 2019 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2019/Contents/Special story|Special story]]: Wikimania GLAM * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2019/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: Recent presentations, workshops and blog posts * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2019/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: Work for us, or just tell us what you think of us * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2019/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Updates on OpenGLAM * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2019/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: September's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2019/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 07:20, 11 September 2019 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=19359039 --> == Skryfweek Maandag, 23 September 2019 – Sondag, 29 September 2019 == Hallo, A3 Baard, onthou asb. om onderwerpe te nomineer vir volgende week se [[Wikipedia:Skryfweek|skryfweek!]] [[Namibië]] loop tans voor, met [[Indonesië]] in die tweede plek! –&nbsp;[[Gebruiker:K175|K175]]&nbsp;([[Gebruikerbespreking:K175|gesels&nbsp;met&nbsp;my]]&nbsp;|&nbsp;[[Spesiaal:Bydraes/K175|my&nbsp;bydraes]]) 17:02, 22 September 2019 (UTC) == ''This Month in GLAM'': September 2019 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2019|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume IX, Issue IX, September 2019</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2019/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: The GLAM team from Wikimedia Colombia in OpenConLatAm * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2019/Contents/Finland report|Finland report]]: Photographs and events * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2019/Contents/France report|France report]]: European Heritage Days * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2019/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Image donation by Indonesian Air Force * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2019/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Wikimedia Italia Summer School * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2019/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Open cultural heritage; More libraries in Africa on Wikidata; Global MIL Week 2019 Feature Conference; Kulturhistoria som gymnasiearbete; Wiki Loves Monuments * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2019/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Oxford, Khalili Collections and Endangered Archives * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2019/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Hispanic Heritage and Disability Awareness Month * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2019/Contents/Special story|Special story]]: Help the Movement Learn about Content Campaigns & Supporting newcomers in Wikidata training courses! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2019/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: Tie a knot in your handkerchief * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2019/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: GLAM Manager Role Announced! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2019/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: October's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2019/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 17:32, 8 Oktober 2019 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=19436590 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': October 2019 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2019|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume IX, Issue X, October 2019</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2019/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: WikiD at the Design Museum * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2019/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Wikimedia Colombia in Argentinean event * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2019/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: Wikipedia Week of Libraries in Broumov * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2019/Contents/Estonia report|Estonia report]]: Nordic cooperation + Wikisource + library information * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2019/Contents/Finland report|Finland report]]: Collaborative histories * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2019/Contents/France report|France report]]: GLAM working group at WMFr; Partnership with AAF * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2019/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Numismatic items from Sumatran Numismatic Museum * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2019/Contents/Malaysia report|Malaysia report]]: Wikipedia Penang Meetup 2 @ Tuanku Fauziah Museum and Gallery, University of Science Malaysia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2019/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Share Your Data master classes for GLAMs; New project manager WMNL; Images from Africa * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2019/Contents/Norway report|Norway report]]: Radio Cinema at the National Library in Oslo * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2019/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Nordic Museum publications on Wikidata and Commons; Wikipedia training in Härnösand; Open cultural heritage data in focus in Visby * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2019/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Khalili; Museums + Tech; Oxford WIR placement ends * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2019/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Spooky Autumn meetups * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2019/Contents/Special story|Special story]]: #WikiForHumanRights * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2019/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: Getting started, Tool highlights, Blog posts and presentations about SDC * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2019/Contents/Wikipedia Library report|Wikipedia Library report]]: Books & Bytes–Issue 35, July–August 2019 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2019/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: We Are Seven * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2019/Contents/Wikimedia and Libraries User Group report|Wikimedia and Libraries User Group report]]: October 16th meeting minutes * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2019/Contents/Wikisource report|Wikisource report]]: Community Wishlist Survey 2020 and Wiki Advanced Training 2019 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2019/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: 1Lib1Ref, Wikimedia Sweden Research and other updates * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2019/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: November's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2019/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 09:01, 12 November 2019 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=19505891 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': November 2019 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2019|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume IX, Issue XI, November 2019</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2019/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Wiki Loves Monuments * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2019/Contents/Finland report|Finland report]]: Combining the old and the new * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2019/Contents/France report|France report]]: Wikimedia training workshops; Conference in the city of Arles * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2019/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: IHLIA starts monthly Wikipedia writing sessions, Wiki Techstorm 2019 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2019/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Wellington talks and edit-a-thons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2019/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Transgressing the boundaries of internal academic discourse * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2019/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Minor grants and Library training * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2019/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: A busy conference season, a new Caribbean community and introducing a tool for adding artwork metadata * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2019/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: Continued development, documentation, and blog posts * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2019/Contents/Wikipedia Library report|Wikipedia Library report]]: Books & Bytes-Issue 36, September–October 2019 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2019/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: Research published * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2019/Contents/Wikisource report|Wikisource report]]: Results of Community Wishlist Survey 2020 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2019/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: December's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2019/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 14:04, 10 Desember 2019 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=19624126 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': December 2019 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2019|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume IX, Issue XII, December 2019</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2019/Contents/Armenia report|Armenia report]]: GLAM+Wikidata Collaboration between Armenia and Albania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2019/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: Edit-a-thon Prachatice 2 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2019/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: Transitional Justice edit-a-thon held in Prishtina * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2019/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: A Wikipedian in Residence and a Wikipedian writes * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2019/Contents/Norway report|Norway report]]: Plaintext Wikipedia dumps for the National Library * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2019/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Swedish Performing Arts Agency; Bibliographic data about Swedish periodicals * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2019/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: White Elephant; WikiWednesday Salon; Cascadia Wikimedians annual meeting * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2019/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: New blog posts * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2019/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: Job vacancies and item 80 million * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2019/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Mapping GLAM-Wiki collaborations * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2019/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: January's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2019/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 16:24, 11 Januarie 2020 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=19644376 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': January 2020 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2020|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume X, Issue I, January 2020</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2020/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Burning * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2020/Contents/Finland report|Finland report]]: Wikiviews from Benin: Wikipedia in the Tower of Babel * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2020/Contents/France report|France report]]: Paris musées; Bibliothèque Sainte Geneviève * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2020/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: 1st PD Day in Indonesia; visitation to GLAM institutions * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2020/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Brand new and old faithful wikimedian in residence! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2020/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Macrons and museums * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2020/Contents/Norway report|Norway report]]: Sámi cultural heritage * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2020/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: FindingGLAMs Challenge; Art by Edvard Munch from the Thiel Gallery; More European archives on Wikidata; OpenGLAM now! – watch the presentations; Wikipedia in Libraries * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2020/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Wikidata for Libraries Hackday Series * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2020/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Knowledge Graphs and Meetups * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2020/Contents/Special story|Special story]]: New Book * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2020/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: February's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2020/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 19:29, 10 Februarie 2020 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=19782286 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': February 2020 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2020|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume X, Issue II, February 2020</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2020/Contents/Armenia report|Armenia report]]: Wiki project on Museums with My Armenia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2020/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Moreira Salles Institute GLAM initiative in Brazil * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2020/Contents/Finland report|Finland report]]: The Helsinki then and now exhibition * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2020/Contents/France report|France report]]: GLAM related blogposts * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2020/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Proposing collaboration with museums in Bali; First Wikisource training in the region * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2020/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Students write articles about Media artists, Public Domain Day 2020, Wiki Goes Caribbean, WikiFridays at Ihlia - Wikimedia Nederland in January & February 2020 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2020/Contents/Norway report|Norway report]]: Wikipedia editing workshop with the Norwegian Network for Museums * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2020/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Great dedication of librarians * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2020/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Historic photos; Support for international Wikimedia community; Library training tour; Many GLAMs improved on Wikidata * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2020/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Kimonos and Khalili * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2020/Contents/Ukraine report|Ukraine report]]: Winning photos Wiki Loves Monuments shown in different cities; Libraries Lead an All-Ukrainian Challenge * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2020/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Black History Month and Open Access Anniversaries * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2020/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: Summary of pilot projects, and what's next * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2020/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: Leap into Wikidata! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2020/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: New Team Leadership, GLAM-Focused Grants Review, OpenGLAM Declaration Research * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2020/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: March's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2020/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 02:02, 10 Maart 2020 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=19882815 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': March 2020 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2020|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume X, Issue III, March 2020</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2020/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Know My Name; Public libraries of Queensland join Wikidata * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2020/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Gender gap, Wikipedia and Libraries from the GLAM team * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2020/Contents/France report|France report]]: WikiGoths; WikiTopia Archives * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2020/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Volunteers' meet-up; Wiki Cinta Budaya 2020 structured data edit-a-thon * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2020/Contents/Ireland report|Ireland report]]: Video tutorials; Celtic Knot Conference 2020 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2020/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: WoALUG and NGO Germin call Albanian Diaspora to contribute to Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2020/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Nationaal Museum van Wereldculturen contributes to Wikimedia Commons again; Student research on GLAM-Wiki at Erasmus University Rotterdam * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2020/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: March Highlights - Everything is postponed * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2020/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: FindingGLAMs; Wikipedia in libraries; Art from the Thiel Gallery Collections; Kulturhistoria som gymnasiearbete * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2020/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Colourful Kimonos from Khalili * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2020/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Women & Editing in the time of virus * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2020/Contents/Special story|Special story]]: COVID-19 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2020/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: Lockdown Levellings * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2020/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Mapping GLAM-Wiki collaborations * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2020/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: April's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2020/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 08:24, 9 April 2020 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=19949739 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': April 2020 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2020|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume X, Issue IV, April 2020</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2020/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: GLAMce at Museu Paulista: making things machine-readable * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2020/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: WikiGap 2020 in Czech Republic; International event; support for Wikimedia community; edit-a-thon run with the US embassy and the Swedish Embassy * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2020/Contents/France report|France report]]: Association des Archivistes Francais; Palladia, a museum collection portal based on Wikimedia resources * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2020/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Wikisource Competition 2020 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2020/Contents/Ireland report|Ireland report]]: Hunt Museum image donation; Livesteaming and video demonstrations * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2020/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Archivio Ricordi, webinars and videos * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2020/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: One Village, One Article for each village in Albania and Kosovo * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2020/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Photo collections Afrika-Studiecentrum Leiden; meetup and media donations for Wiki goes Caribbean; first online WikiFriday * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2020/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Skrivstuga (edit-a-thon) online – Wikipedia in libraries * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2020/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: More women on Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2020/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Japanese silk and Spanish iron * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2020/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Earth Day * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2020/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: Seven Million People Can't Be Wrong * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2020/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: May's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2020/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 15:49, 11 Mei 2020 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=20062053 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': May 2020 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2020|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume X, Issue V, May 2020</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2020/Contents/Armenia report|Armenia report]]: Edit-a-thon dedicated to International Museum Day * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2020/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: A #1Lib1Ref to close the gender gap * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2020/Contents/Côte d'Ivoire report|Côte d'Ivoire report]]: #1Lib1Ref 2020 from 26 to 28 May in Côte d'Ivoire * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2020/Contents/France report|France report]]: WikiArchives; IMD 2020: Cross-Chapter Collaboration * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2020/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Wikisource Competition 2020 recap; International Museum Day 2020 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2020/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: New collaborations and contents! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2020/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Analysis of Dutch GLAM-Wiki projects in relation to the Dutch Digital Heritage Reference Architecture, Content donation from Utrecht Archives, Detecting Wikipedia articles strongly based on single library collections and Collection highlights of the KB * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2020/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Free music on Wikipedia; NHB webinars; Wikipedia in libraries – Projekt HBTQI * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2020/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: International Museum Day 2020 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2020/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Japanese art * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2020/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Workshops & COVID-19 Symposium * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2020/Contents/Special story|Special story]]: Content partnership category - your help is needed * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2020/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: GLAM metadata standards and Wikimedia projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2020/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: June's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2020/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 17:21, 10 Junie 2020 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=20155977 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': June 2020 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2020|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume X, Issue VI, June 2020</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2020/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikigap 2020 in Albania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2020/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Taking training online * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2020/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Wikimedia in Brazil in times of pandemics * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2020/Contents/France report|France report]]: Association des archivistes français * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2020/Contents/Mexico report|Mexico report]]: México free and diverse representation * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2020/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Wiki goes Caribbean meetup and media donation & Making references to Dutch newspapers in Wikipedia more sustainable * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2020/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: More than 130 new articles about insects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2020/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: June Highlights - Let’s make new agreements * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2020/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Free music on Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2020/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Diversity in GLAM Program * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2020/Contents/Taiwan report|Taiwan report]]: Research Case of the White Paper Cooperation Writing Between Taiwan Gallery and Wikidata Taiwan * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2020/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: New project on Islamic art * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2020/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Juneteenth2020 +Pride * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2020/Contents/Special story|Special story]]: Creative Commons invites Open GLAM stories from underrepresented communities * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2020/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Departure of Sandra Fauconnier * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2020/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: July's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2020/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 15:57, 10 Julie 2020 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=20268385 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': July 2020 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2020|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume X, Issue VII, July 2020</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2020/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikimedia CEE Spring 2020 in Albania and Kosova * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2020/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: New WikiClub and Australian GLAM Research * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2020/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Important records of Brazilian history: images, metadata and edit-a-thons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2020/Contents/Finland report|Finland report]]: Rephotography walks during the pandemic * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2020/Contents/France report|France report]]: Bibliothèque Sainte Geneviève * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2020/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: Hacking the Arts * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2020/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: October history month East-West, Pictures as a legacy to the world & Photos of Mali * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2020/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Wikimedia Serbia is working on new activities * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2020/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: More Swedish music – of all sorts * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2020/Contents/Uganda report|Uganda report]]: Sensitisation of GLAM institutions in Uganda * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2020/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: The effect of a Commons Picture of the Day * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2020/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: AfroCROWD, AAPB, Philadelphia, Smithsonian * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2020/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: August's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2020/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 05:40, 12 Augustus 2020 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=20342708 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': August 2020 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2020|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume X, Issue VIII, August 2020</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2020/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikivoyage edit-a-thon - Editing Albania and Kosovo’s travel destinations * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2020/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Open innovation and dissemination activities: wrapping up great achievements on a major GLAM in Brazil * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2020/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: First Prague Wiki Editathon held in Prague * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2020/Contents/Estonia report|Estonia report]]: Virtual exhibition about Polish-Estonian relations. Rephotography and cultural heritage * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2020/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: KulTour in Swabia and 8000 documents new online * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2020/Contents/India report|India report]]: Utilising Occasion for Content donation: A story * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2020/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: WMIN & WMNL collaboration & Japanese propaganda films * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2020/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Enriching Wiki projects in different ways * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2020/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Free music and new recordings of songs in the public domain; Autumn in the libraries; Yes, you can hack the heritage this year – online! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2020/Contents/Uganda report|Uganda report]]: Participating in the African Librarians Week (24-30 May 2020) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2020/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Spanish metal and ... * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2020/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wiknic & Black Artists Matter & Respect Her Crank * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2020/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Wikipedia Library, new WikiCite grant programs, and GLAM office hours * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2020/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: September's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2020/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 21:10, 11 September 2020 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=20437068 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': September 2020 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2020|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume X, Issue IX, September 2020</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2020/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Wikidata birthday celebrations, Wiki Loves Monuments, new partnerships and more! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2020/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: GLAM and virtual education * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2020/Contents/France report|France report]]: AAF training course; Workshops in Strasbourg; European Heritage Days: Rennes; Wiki Loves Monuments * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2020/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: Ahoy! Wikipedians set sail to document the reality of modern seafaring * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2020/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: New GLAM partnerships on data donation; Commons structured data edit-a-thon * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2020/Contents/Norway report|Norway report]]: Students taking on GLAM Wiki women in red * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2020/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Musikverket: more folk music and photos; Hack for Heritage 2020; Wiki Loves Monuments; Wikipedia in the libraries; Digital Book Fair on Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2020/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: National Lottery; Khalili Collections * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2020/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Virtual events MetFashion, 19SuffrageStories, WikiCari Festival and more * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2020/Contents/Open Access report|Open Access report]]: New publication about access to digitised cultural heritage * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2020/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Launching Wikisource Pagelist Widget * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2020/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: ctober's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2020/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 02:44, 13 Oktober 2020 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=20528305 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': October 2020 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2020|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume X, Issue X, October 2020</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2020/Contents/AfLIA Wikipedia in African Libraries report|AfLIA Wikipedia in African Libraries report]]: Wikipedia in African Libraries Project * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2020/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Abre-te Código hackathon, Wikidata related events and news from our partners * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2020/Contents/Finland report|Finland report]]: Postponed Hack4FI GLAM hackathon turned into an online global Hack4OpenGLAM * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2020/Contents/France report|France report]]: Partnership with BNU Strasbourg * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2020/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: Coding da Vinci cultural data hackathon heads to Lower Saxony * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2020/Contents/India report|India report]]: Mapping GLAM in Maharashtra, India * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2020/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Bulan Sejarah Indonesia 2.0; Structured data edit-a-thon; Proofreading mini contest * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2020/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: National History Month: East to West, Dutch libraries and Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2020/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: West Coast Wikipedian at Large * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2020/Contents/Norway report|Norway report]]: The Sámi Languages on wiki * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2020/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Many activities are in our way * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2020/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Librarians learn about Wikidata; More Swedish literature on Wikidata; Online Edit-a-thon Dalarna; Applications to the Swedish Innovation Agency; Kulturhistoria som gymnasiearbete; Librarians and Projekt HBTQI; GLAM Statistical Tool * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2020/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Enamels of the World * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2020/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: American Archive of Public Broadcasting; Smithsonian Women in Finance Edit-a-thon; Black Lunch Table; San Diego/October 2020; WikiWednesday Salon * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2020/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: November's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2020/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 22:37, 11 November 2020 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=20644673 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': November 2020 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2020|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume X, Issue XI, November 2020</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2020/Contents/AfLIA Wikipedia in African Libraries report|AfLIA Wikipedia in African Libraries report]]: Launch of Wikipedia in African Libraries Project Pilot Cohort * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2020/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Accessibility through audio descriptions, GLAM tutorials, WikidataCon 2021 and more updates on Brazilian GLAMs * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2020/Contents/Canada report|Canada report]]: Taking a tour of CAPACOA workshops and some recent example sets from commons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2020/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: German symphony orchestra releases audio samples under free license * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2020/Contents/India report|India report]]: Re-licensing of content on water & rivers in India * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2020/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: #WikiSejarah WPWP Campaign * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2020/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Wikipedia and Education, Funding granted for two projects in 2021, KB completes collection highlights project * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2020/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: GLAM in Serbia makes important steps in the digitization of cultural heritage * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2020/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: Edit-a-thons on women scientists and painters * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2020/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Music, UNESCO and Wikidata * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2020/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Hundreds of Khalili images * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2020/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Black Lunch Table & Museum Computer Network * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2020/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: December's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2020/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 14:29, 11 Desember 2020 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=20736167 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': December 2020 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2020|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume X, Issue XII, December 2020</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2020/Contents/AfLIA Wikipedia in African Libraries report|AfLIA Wikipedia in African Libraries report]]: Wrap up of the Wikipedia in African Libraries project pilot cohort * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2020/Contents/Canada report|Canada report]]: Branding Toolkit released by the Canadian Museums Association for GLAMs * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2020/Contents/Finland report|Finland report]]: Hundreds of thousands of new photos released * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2020/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: The Karl-Preusker-Medal 2020 goes to Wikimedia Deutschland e. V. * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2020/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Documentation of workflows for the ingestion of bibliographic data into Wikidata; Wikipedia & Africa: Why contributing to Wikipedia matters * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2020/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Māori Women Weavers Edit-a-thon * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2020/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: GLAMorous end of 2020 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2020/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Wiki Loves Monuments submissions livestreamed; Nordiska museet uploads; Sjung med oss, Mamma! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2020/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Wales, Women in Leeds, and the Hajj * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2020/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: WikiConference North America and Salons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2020/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: The GLAM & Culture office hours * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2020/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: January's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2020/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 11:42, 12 Januarie 2021 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=20941536 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': December 2020 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2020|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume X, Issue XII, December 2020</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2020/Contents/AfLIA Wikipedia in African Libraries report|AfLIA Wikipedia in African Libraries report]]: Wrap up of the Wikipedia in African Libraries project pilot cohort * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2020/Contents/Canada report|Canada report]]: Branding Toolkit released by the Canadian Museums Association for GLAMs * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2020/Contents/Finland report|Finland report]]: Hundreds of thousands of new photos released * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2020/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: The Karl-Preusker-Medal 2020 goes to Wikimedia Deutschland e. V. * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2020/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Documentation of workflows for the ingestion of bibliographic data into Wikidata; Wikipedia & Africa: Why contributing to Wikipedia matters * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2020/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Māori Women Weavers Edit-a-thon * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2020/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: GLAMorous end of 2020 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2020/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Wiki Loves Monuments submissions livestreamed; Nordiska museet uploads; Sjung med oss, Mamma! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2020/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Wales, Women in Leeds, and the Hajj * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2020/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: WikiConference North America and Salons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2020/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: The GLAM & Culture office hours * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2020/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: January's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2020/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 14:32, 12 Januarie 2021 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=20941536 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': January 2021 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2021|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XI, Issue I, January 2021</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2021/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: The Public Domain Tool; Data Donations; Wiki Loves Heritage Belgium 2020 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2021/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Heading 2021 with new (and renewed!) GLAM-Wiki projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2021/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Public domain day in Colombia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2021/Contents/Finland report|Finland report]]: AvoinGLAM * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2021/Contents/France report|France report]]: #1lib1ref; Training courses; What's next ?; Wikidata and archaeology vocabulary * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2021/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: Coding da Vinci Niedersachsen wraps up * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2021/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: A month in the spirit of references * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2021/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Record numbers of digital museum visits * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2021/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Protests & Suffragettes - Wikipedia work in 2020; Khalili Collections * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2021/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wiki 20 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2021/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Digital Public Library of America makes an impact in 2020 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2021/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: February's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2021/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 07:37, 9 Februarie 2021 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=21034985 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': February 2021 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2021|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XI, Issue II, February 2021</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2021/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Recruiting two PMs; Budget Report 2020; Wikipedia 20th Bday * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2021/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Who do we think we are? * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2021/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: New GLAM tutorials in Portuguese * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2021/Contents/Estonia report|Estonia report]]: WikiMuseum * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2021/Contents/Finland report|Finland report]]: Focus on learning * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2021/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: PD Day 2021 in Indonesia, #1lib1ref, Wikisource workshop * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2021/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Historical Maps; Share your Data on colonial heritage; Knowledge platform for heritage institutions * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2021/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Amazing results of the January #1Lib1Ref campaign * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2021/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Medieval ballads; Project HBTQI * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2021/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: 50 Years Women's Suffrage in Switzerland & More * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2021/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Khalili Collections * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2021/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Black History Month and Smithsonian anniversary * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2021/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Project Grants, Analytics for GLAMs, and Shared Citations * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2021/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: March's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2021/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 16:00, 11 Maart 2021 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=21206861 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': March 2021 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2021|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XI, Issue III, March 2021</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2021/Contents/AfLIA Wikipedia in African Libraries report|AfLIA Wikipedia in African Libraries report]]: Wikipedia in African Libraries * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2021/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wiki Loves Folklore 2021; I edit Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2021/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: The Brazilian House is the theme of new GLAM dissemination activities * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2021/Contents/Finland report|Finland report]]: Enriching indigenous items in Wikidata * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2021/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: A virtual exhibition on 20 years of Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2021/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Wikimedians in Residence for Media Art Project LIMA, Wikimedia and libraries, Wikimedia training related to shared heritage * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2021/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: GLAM in Sweden in March * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2021/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Leeds Museums & Galleries, the British Library and the Khalili Collections * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2021/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Women's History Month in the US * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2021/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Media Search, Image Suggestion API, and Project Grants * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2021/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: April's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2021/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 22:53, 11 April 2021 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=21294881 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': April 2021 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2021|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XI, Issue IV, April 2021</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2021/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: WikiGap 2021; Workshop “When State Security was engaged in Science”; Women in STEM; International Roma Day Edit-a-thon * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2021/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: A Wealth of Wiki Women * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2021/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Projects by Wikimedia Belgium * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2021/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Festa da Wiki-Lusofonia celebrates Wikipedia 20 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2021/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: WikiGap 2021 report * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2021/Contents/DRCongo report|DRCongo report]]: WMDRC - UG report: Wikipedia in library * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2021/Contents/Estonia report|Estonia report]]: Finding new ways of making art visible + 360° panoramas of Estonian museums * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2021/Contents/Finland report|Finland report]]: Saami place names * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2021/Contents/France report|France report]]: Journée Wikimédia Culture et numérique 2021; French open content report * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2021/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: Northern Exposure for cultural heritage data * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2021/Contents/India report|India report]]: Proofread competition on Bengali Wikisource in collaboration with British Library * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2021/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Wikisource Competition 2021; Museum Daerah Deli Serdang is now on Commons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2021/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: A Wikipedian in residence at the Civic Museum of Modena: report * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2021/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: WikiVrijdagen with Atria and IHLIA, Wikimedians in Residence will increase the visibility of media art on Wikipedia, Wikimedia training: shared heritage, Papiamentu and Papiamento: Wikipedia is up and ready to go! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2021/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: West Coast WikiCon and Performing Arts Aotearoa * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2021/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Great impact of cooperations * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2021/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: New partnerships * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2021/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: More music; Enriching GLAM photos with SDC; Swedish GLAM survey * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2021/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: GLAMhack 2021 & more * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2021/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: University of Edinburgh Library Wikimedia Community of Interest; Khalili Collections; British Library * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2021/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: The Met, Smithsonian, and a busy Edit-a-thon season * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2021/Contents/Wikipedia Library report|Wikipedia Library report]]: Fostering Connections: Wikimedia and Libraries Global Meetup * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2021/Contents/Wikimedia and Libraries User Group report|Wikimedia and Libraries User Group report]]: Extended Date Time Format for Wikibase * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2021/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Wikimedia Hackathon, Product Updates, and Office Hours * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2021/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: May's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2021/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 04:54, 12 Mei 2021 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=21418797 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': May 2021 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2021|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XI, Issue V, May 2021</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2021/Contents/AfLIA Wikipedia in African Libraries report|AfLIA Wikipedia in African Libraries report]]: A busy month at AfLIA * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2021/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: Museum, Archives and Libraries on May * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2021/Contents/Armenia report|Armenia report]]: Presence of Museums in Wiki Projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2021/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Librarians unite across Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand for 1Lib1Ref * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2021/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Wiki Loves Bahia: 2021 is the year of Bahia on Wikipedia in Portuguese * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2021/Contents/Côte d'Ivoire report|Côte d'Ivoire report]]: Glam-wiki 2021 29 May in Côte d'Ivoire * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2021/Contents/India report|India report]]: Collaboration continues with British Library * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2021/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: #1lib1ref in Indonesia; Online talk show with Wikimedia Nederland * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2021/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Conference, webinar and projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2021/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: National Gallery of Kosovo Collection now on Wikidata * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2021/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Over 15,000 images available from Elsinga Collection, 1.9 million records on slavery and slave trade digitally accessible * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2021/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: A busy month in Aotearoa * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2021/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: GLAM activities of GLAM Macedonia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2021/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: A month in the sign of edit-a-thons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2021/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: Viquiprojecte:Muixeranga * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2021/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Working with UN Human Rights; Aftermath to the fiddler competition; Music manuscripts from the 18th century; Digital visions; Should museums work with Wikipedia?; Wikidata project with museums has results * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2021/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Strengthening GLAM Partnerships * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2021/Contents/Uganda report|Uganda report]]: Wikipedia for Museums in Uganda * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2021/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: British Library, Khalili Collections * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2021/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Hackathon outputs, data roundtripping and Asian American heritage * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2021/Contents/Special story|Special story]]: Wikimedia Hackathon report: Upgrading GLAM tech tools and PAWS * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2021/Contents/Wikisource report|Wikisource report]]: Indic Wikisource community online gathering * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2021/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Grants and conferences * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2021/Contents/Wiki World Heritage UG report|Wiki World Heritage User Group report]]: May's report * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2021/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: June's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2021/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 14:09, 10 Junie 2021 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=21497818 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': June 2021 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2021|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XI, Issue VI, June 2021</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2021/Contents/AfLIA Wikipedia in African Libraries report|AfLIA Wikipedia in African Libraries report]]: African Librarians Week 2021 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2021/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: CEE Spring Campaign in Albania and Kosovo * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2021/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: A course on opening cultural collections * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2021/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Edit-a-thons with Wiki Women Design * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2021/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: A metadata roundtripping model for museums * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2021/Contents/France report|France report]]: European Archaeology Days; Edit-a-thon in Romanity Museum * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2021/Contents/Guinea report|Guinea report]]: GLAM with Harmattan Guinée 15 June 2021 in Conakry * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2021/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Festival and edit-a-thon dedicated to the world of archives * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2021/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Training at Het Nieuwe Instituut in Rotterdam; training for Suriname and the Dutch Caribbean has concluded * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2021/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Making artists visible * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2021/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Wikidata development and culture of Rudnik and Takovo region * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2021/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: Museums writing challenge and Viquimarató Carmelina Sánchez-Cutillas * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2021/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Free music; Kulturarv som gymnasiearbete; Statistics Sweden – now as open data; KTH library training * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2021/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Diversity in GLAM Program * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2021/Contents/Uganda report|Uganda report]]: Wikipedia for Museums in Uganda * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2021/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: British Library and Khalili Collections * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2021/Contents/Ukraine report|Ukraine report]]: #1Lib1Ref in Ukrainian Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2021/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Meetup/CCCCWI; Vaccine Safety Wikipedia Edit-a-thon; WikiWednesday Salon; San Diego Wiknic; Black Lunch Table / Black visual artists * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2021/Contents/Special story|Special story]]: Play, experiment and cross borders at Hack4OpenGLAM * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2021/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: OpenRefine starts Structured Data on Commons development and is searching for two developers * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2021/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Conferences and Structured data modeling * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2021/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: July's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2021/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 05:47, 11 Julie 2021 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=21652088 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': July 2021 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2021|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XI, Issue VII, July 2021</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2021/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Collaboration with the New Vision Organization in Tirana; Summer of Wikivoyage Campaign 2021 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2021/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Representation and erasure: opportunities and risks that Wikipedia presents for First Nations knowledges * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2021/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: A wikicontest to celebrate and make visible the state of Bahia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2021/Contents/India report|India report]]: Rabimas proofread contest ends on Bengali Wikisource * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2021/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: New Zealand holds its second Wikimedia conference, and a performing arts Wikiproject gathers steam * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2021/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: New chances for GLAM success * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2021/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Photos of Childrens theatre * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2021/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: A Thousand Images of Islam, British Library Updates * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2021/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Smithsonian Wiki Focus: Black Women in Food History; San Diego 73; Black Lunch Table Black artists * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2021/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: A conversation about depicts and Structured Data on Commons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2021/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: August's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2021/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 07:23, 11 Augustus 2021 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=21849336 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': July 2021 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2021|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XI, Issue VII, July 2021</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2021/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Collaboration with the New Vision Organization in Tirana; Summer of Wikivoyage Campaign 2021 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2021/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Representation and erasure: opportunities and risks that Wikipedia presents for First Nations knowledges * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2021/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: A wikicontest to celebrate and make visible the state of Bahia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2021/Contents/India report|India report]]: Rabimas proofread contest ends on Bengali Wikisource * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2021/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: New Zealand holds its second Wikimedia conference, and a performing arts Wikiproject gathers steam * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2021/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: New chances for GLAM success * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2021/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Photos of Childrens theatre * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2021/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: A Thousand Images of Islam, British Library Updates * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2021/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Smithsonian Wiki Focus: Black Women in Food History; San Diego 73; Black Lunch Table Black artists * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2021/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: A conversation about depicts and Structured Data on Commons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2021/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: August's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2021/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 11:42, 11 Augustus 2021 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=21849336 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': August 2021 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XI, Issue VIII, August 2021</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos (WPWP) Campaign in Albania and Kosovo * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: How Australian libraries are turning to Wikipedia during the global pandemic * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Transbordados: WikidataCon's preconference for Latin America discusses GLAM and decolonization * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/Côte d'Ivoire report|Côte d'Ivoire report]]: Glam-wiki 2021 10 Juillet en Côte d'Ivoire * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/France report|France report]]: Wikimedian in residence; Some projects for this autumn * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/India report|India report]]: Second proofread competition starts on Bengali Wikisource in collaboration with the British Library * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Summer school in July and two new WiR in August * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: 50 cool new things you can now do with KB’s collection highlights, and New old photographs of Algeria, Mali and Morocco by Angeline van Achterberg * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: A Wikimedian at New Zealand Opera * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Villas and castles of Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: History, history and future * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Khalili Collections reaches 30 articles * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wiki salons and Kearny Mesa * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/Special story|Special story]]: Hack4OpenGLAM is ready to start * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: OpenRefine starts SDC development * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: GLAM conversations and feedbacks for a better Wikimedia movement * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: September's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 00:30, 12 September 2021 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=21990260 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': August 2021 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XI, Issue VIII, August 2021</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos (WPWP) Campaign in Albania and Kosovo * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: How Australian libraries are turning to Wikipedia during the global pandemic * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Transbordados: WikidataCon's preconference for Latin America discusses GLAM and decolonization * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/Côte d'Ivoire report|Côte d'Ivoire report]]: Glam-wiki 2021 10 Juillet en Côte d'Ivoire * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/France report|France report]]: Wikimedian in residence; Some projects for this autumn * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/India report|India report]]: Second proofread competition starts on Bengali Wikisource in collaboration with the British Library * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Summer school in July and two new WiR in August * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: 50 cool new things you can now do with KB’s collection highlights, and New old photographs of Algeria, Mali and Morocco by Angeline van Achterberg * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: A Wikimedian at New Zealand Opera * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Villas and castles of Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: History, history and future * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Khalili Collections reaches 30 articles * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wiki salons and Kearny Mesa * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/Special story|Special story]]: Hack4OpenGLAM is ready to start * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: OpenRefine starts SDC development * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: GLAM conversations and feedbacks for a better Wikimedia movement * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: September's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 09:20, 12 September 2021 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=21990260 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': September 2021 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2021|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XI, Issue IX, September 2021</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2021/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Diaspora Edits Wikipedia Campaign * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2021/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: New parnership agreements and more training! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2021/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Preserving paralympic history * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2021/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Wikimedia Belgium GLAM report September 2021 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2021/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: WikidataCon's right around the corner: find out how to participate * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2021/Contents/France report|France report]]: Wikidata training in Musée de Grenoble * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2021/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Call for Italian museums, archives and libraries * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2021/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: Diaspora Edits Wikipedia Campaign * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2021/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: GLAM at WikiconNL2021, ISA-campaign Tag the species Naturalis en Rijksmuseum * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2021/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: New WiR and presentation of our activities * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2021/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: Women Gastronomes Edit-a-thon * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2021/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Kulturhistoria som gymnasiearbete; Uploads from museums in Göteborg; Wiki Loves Monuments; LGBTQIA+ edit-a-thon * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2021/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: British Library and Khalili Collections * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2021/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: New page patrol not assuming good faith towards workshop editors * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2021/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: Working towards a thematic hub on content partnerships * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2021/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: First steps for Wikimedia Commons reconciliation service * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2021/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Updates on grant-funded technical projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2021/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: October's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2021/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 22:34, 12 Oktober 2021 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=22102670 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': October 2021 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2021|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XI, Issue X, October 2021</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2021/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Open access as Australia reopens * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2021/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Wikimedia Belgium GLAM report October 2021 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2021/Contents/Estonia report|Estonia report]]: Wikipedia Art Month + Heritage Days * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2021/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Collaborations and partnership * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2021/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: How Wikipedia helped to create a Serbian stamp; Many GLAM-related presentations planned at WikiconNL * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2021/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Outreach by members of the Aotearoa New Zealand Wikimedia User Group * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2021/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: Wikidata for Libraries and notable Librarians in Nigeria * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2021/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: A good start to GLAM Fall * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2021/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: Women Writers Month * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2021/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: The Constitution of Pylyp Orlyk; More museum data on Wikidata; LGBT edit-a-thon; Local business history in Nyköping; Stockholm City Museum ♥ Wikipedia; Writing about fashion at Nordiska museet * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2021/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: British Library and Khalili Collections * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2021/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wikiconference North America + Workshops * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2021/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: Needs assessment interviews; Cultural heritage on Wikidata – thousands of monuments in Norway; Structured Data uploads continue * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2021/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: A Wikimedia Commons Reconciliation Service, You Say? * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2021/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: GLAM office hours, GLAM newsletter moving to Meta-wiki, and more * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2021/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: November's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2021/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 06:19, 11 November 2021 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=22311279 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': November 2021 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2021|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XI, Issue XI, November 2021</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2021/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: Migration from Outreach to Meta: your opinion is needed * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2021/Contents/France report|France report]]: Study day on open content; Open content GLAM report * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2021/Contents/India report|India report]]: Second proofread competition ended on Bengali Wikisource in collaboration with the British Library * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2021/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Traing course and conference in November * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2021/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: GLAMorous November * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2021/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Art, design and history from the museums of Göteborg; Maps in the National Archives of Sweden * [[outreach:outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2021/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Khalili Collections * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2021/Contents/Ukraine report|Ukraine report]]: Aricle contest for librarians «Local cultural heritage and prominent people» * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2021/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Smithsonian demos new Wiki API Connector tool and other meetups * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2021/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: We continue building for the hub; SDC for fun and profit: detecting bad coordinates; Needs assessment – video recorded interviews; Improving ISA * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2021/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Wikisource birthday celebration, Community Tech Wishlist, and upcoming conversation about courses for GLAM professionals * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2021/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: December's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2021/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 11:53, 9 Desember 2021 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=22394007 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': December 2021 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2021|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XI, Issue XII, December 2021</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2021/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Writing The Record: the Australian Music Wikipedia project launches * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2021/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: We were editing about Bogotan writers * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2021/Contents/Croatia report|Croatia report]]: Ab ovo. Towards future reports... * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2021/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: The New Zealand Wikidata thesis project * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2021/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Safeguarding the heritage of a community * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2021/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Commons project with Göteborg museums was a success; Digital humaniora meets Wikidata; HBTQI, Europeana and WiR * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2021/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: 2021 in Review * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2021/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Smithsonian Institution Training * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2021/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: Adding more Structured Data on Commons statements * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2021/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Some structured data developments * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2021/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: January's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2021/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 10:46, 12 Januarie 2022 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=22518926 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': December 2021 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2021|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XI, Issue XII, December 2021</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2021/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Writing The Record: the Australian Music Wikipedia project launches * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2021/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: We were editing about Bogotan writers * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2021/Contents/Croatia report|Croatia report]]: Ab ovo. Towards future reports... * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2021/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: The New Zealand Wikidata thesis project * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2021/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Safeguarding the heritage of a community * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2021/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Commons project with Göteborg museums was a success; Digital humaniora meets Wikidata; HBTQI, Europeana and WiR * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2021/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: 2021 in Review * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2021/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Smithsonian Institution Training * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2021/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: Adding more Structured Data on Commons statements * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2021/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Some structured data developments * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2021/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: January's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2021/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 16:23, 12 Januarie 2022 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=22518926 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': January 2022 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2022|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XII, Issue I, January 2022</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2022/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Belgium report * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2022/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: A portable museum experience to digitize and share collections online * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2022/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Let's celebrate the Public domain day with Wikisource * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2022/Contents/Estonia report|Estonia report]]: Mobile Photo Studio + New Cooperations * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2022/Contents/Finland report|Finland report]]: Photowalks in Helsinki, autumn 2021 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2022/Contents/France report|France report]]: Training course for Musée de l'armée staff members; Journée Wikimédia Culture et numérique 2022; Wikiway * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2022/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: GLAM Indonesia wrap-up; Public Domain Day 2022 in Indonesia; #1Lib1Ref * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2022/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Collaborations and new projects in January * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2022/Contents/Romania report|Romania report]]: About #1lib1ref activities in Romania (and Moldova) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2022/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Successful end of the Old and even more successful beginning of the New year * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2022/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: BiBat Museum and libraries * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2022/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Uploads of photographs taken by Swedish missionaries in China; Sörmlands museum's first contributions * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2022/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Khalili Collections and British Library * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2022/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Report from DPLA * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2022/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Hello, world! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2022/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: Results and summaries; Helping with getting Pattypan back on track; Working with partners to make content available * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2022/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: February 22: Meetup about SDC support in OpenRefine * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2022/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Wikimedia campaigns for librarians and museum workers; Community Wishlist Survey; and Wikimedia query services * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2022/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: February's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2022/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 18:31, 12 Februarie 2022 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=22740271 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': February 2022 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2022|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XII, Issue II, February 2022</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2022/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Traditional Food Photography * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2022/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Shakespeare is dead - Contemporary playwriting festival; Public Domain Day Belgium 2022 (10/02) report * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2022/Contents/Estonia report|Estonia report]]: An examples of a visual storytelling – two virtual exhibitions * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2022/Contents/France report|France report]]: Wikimedian in Residence in Clermont Auvergne * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2022/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: New agreement for Wiki Loves Monument Italy 2022 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2022/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: Traditional Food Photography * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2022/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: New photo collections of Alkmaar, Wiki goes Caribbean meeting, contemporary art Wikidata import and knowledge platform for GLAMS * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2022/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: National Digital Forum and Editing in a Time of COVID * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2022/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: 1Lib1Ref 2022 Kwara * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2022/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: New GLAM-Wiki partnerships and cooperations * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2022/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: A month in the sign of 1Lib1Ref * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2022/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Additional photos from Swedish missionairies; Historical maps of Ukraine * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2022/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Khalili Collections * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2022/Contents/Ukraine report|Ukraine report]]: Stand with Ukraine! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2022/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Women's History Month activities * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2022/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: February in AvoinGLAM * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2022/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: Encyclopaedia of Life release their 2 million species descriptions under CC0 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2022/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: Editing SDC with OpenRefine; Monthly OpenRefine and Wikimedia office hours * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2022/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: March's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2022/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 16:19, 12 Maart 2022 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=22892827 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': March 2022 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2022|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XII, Issue III, March 2022</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2022/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: Visual culture, human rights and digitization * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2022/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Australia grows gender equity for International Women's Day * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2022/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Collaboration with GLAM institutes in Belgium * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2022/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Pills of GLAM * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2022/Contents/Croatia report|Croatia report]]: ...starting bottom-up in indie archive! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2022/Contents/Estonia report|Estonia report]]: Glass, Books and Paintings * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2022/Contents/France report|France report]]: Mooc Wikidata * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2022/Contents/India report|India report]]: Wikimedian-in-Residence program initiated at the Research Institute of World's Ancient Traditions, Cultures and Heritage in Arunachal Pradesh * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2022/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: The growth of sharing on Wikimedia projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2022/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Letters from Sierra Leone: the Sjoerd Hofstra photo collection in a new light * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2022/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Forming Wikimedia Aotearoa and the Aotearoa New Zealand Theses Project * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2022/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: News in Wikipedian in residence projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2022/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: WikiToro * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2022/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: The Unique Historical Kalmar County project continues ...; WikiGap x 3; Students writing articles * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2022/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Khalili Collections * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2022/Contents/Uruguay report|Uruguay report]]: GLAM Activities by Wikimedia Uruguay * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2022/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Women's History Month * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2022/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: UN Environment Programme sharing their knowledge on Wikipedia. Logo competition * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2022/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: OpenRefine: survey for Structured Data on Commons features * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2022/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Commons APP calls, Bophana documentaries, and Image Description Week * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2022/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: April's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2022/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 08:45, 13 April 2022 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=23092895 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': April 2022 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2022|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XII, Issue IV, April 2022</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2022/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Growing the record of Australian Music * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2022/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: About African Pagnes and Belgian music * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2022/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Brazil wins the first place in WLM 2021 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2022/Contents/France report|France report]]: French GLAM meeting * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2022/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Work with GLAMs on Wikisourse and Wikimedia Commons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2022/Contents/Mexico report|Mexico report]]: GLAM professionals add an image and become Wikipedians; Edificio Carolino Edit-a-thon * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2022/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: People in Paleontology, Digikult, and copyright term extension for New Zealand * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2022/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: Wikidata for Nigerian Novelist and Novel * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2022/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Wikiresidence in progress and workshop Evolution in GLAM in Poland * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2022/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Important activities within the GLAM * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2022/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Training at the National Archives of Sweden; Training at the Stockholm City Museum; Training at the Swedish National Museum of Science and Technology; Improved images from Swedish Performing Arts Agency * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2022/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Wikidata Coffee Breaks * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2022/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Khalili Collections * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2022/Contents/Uruguay report|Uruguay report]]: Wikimedistas de Uruguay report * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2022/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: WVU Libraries; Earth Day-2022-SWC; Wiki-Gap * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2022/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Open Access vs NFT, GLAM School, Saami language, family trees * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2022/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: Enter our logo competition; IGO/INGO; Needs assessments research results; Wrapping up some ISA-things * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2022/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: 1Lib1Ref, Image Description Week, Commons calls, and the Add an image events * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2022/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: May's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2022/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 04:22, 10 Mei 2022 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=23247018 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': May 2022 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2022|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XII, Issue V, May 2022</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2022/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Summer of Wikivoyage 2022 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2022/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: Face-to-face and virtual events on May * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2022/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Over 1000 references added in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand for #1Lib1Ref * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2022/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: New Wikidata Property * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2022/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Wiki Loves Espírito Santo is a sucess * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2022/Contents/Estonia report|Estonia report]]: From university to library * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2022/Contents/Finland report|Finland report]]: Photowalks in Southern Finland, spring 2022 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2022/Contents/France report|France report]]: International Museum Day 2022 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2022/Contents/India report|India report]]: Digitization of Tibetan Buddhist canons, The International Museum Day 2022 Wikidata Competition * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2022/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: May in and for museums * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2022/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: Cooperation with the National Gallery of Kosova and Summer of Wikivoyage 2022 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2022/Contents/Malaysia report|Malaysia report]]: WikiGap Malaysia 2022 @ Kuala Lumpur Library * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2022/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Pacific Arts Aotearoa Wikiproject, Auckland Museum's Exploratory Study and Report back on #1Lib1Ref * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2022/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Wikipedian in residence in the National Museum in Cracow; Training at the Wawel Royal Castle National Art Collection; How can we make GLAM’s digital resources more reusable in education?; The International Museum Day 2022 Wikidata Competition * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2022/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: New GLAM brochure and Wikilive 2022 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2022/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Rembrandt and others – drawings from the Nationalmuseum in Stockholm; Stockholm Museum of Women’s History; The map book of Heinrich Thome; Sörmland Museum; Wikidata competition – International Museum Day 2022 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2022/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Diversity in GLAM Program * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2022/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Khalili Collections * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2022/Contents/Uruguay report|Uruguay report]]: Wikimedistas de Uruguay report: 1bib1ref, Museum of Natural History, and more! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2022/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Hackathons and Edit-a-thons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2022/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: International Energy Agency share their knowledge and graphics on Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2022/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: Uploading files to Wikimedia Commons with OpenRefine: looking for test uploads! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2022/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Results from 1Lib1Ref May 2022 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2022/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: June's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2022/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 14:14, 13 Junie 2022 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=23345409 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': June 2022 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2022|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XII, Issue VI, June 2022</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2022/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: CEE Spring 2022 in Albania and Kosovo * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2022/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: In the middle of new projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2022/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: A celebration, a commitment, an edit-a-thon: Know My Name returns for 2022 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2022/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Heritage and Wikimedian in Residence * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2022/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: FIRST WikiCon Brazil & Three States of GLAM * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2022/Contents/Croatia report|Croatia report]]: Network(ing) effect(s) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2022/Contents/France report|France report]]: French open content report promotion * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2022/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Opening and closing projects in June * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2022/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: Edit-a-thon with Kino Lumbardhi; DokuTech; CEE Spring 2022 in Albania and Kosovo * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2022/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: West Coast Wikipedian at Large and Auckland Museum updates * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2022/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Wikipedian in residence in the National Museum in Cracow; The next online meeting within the cycle of monthly editing GLAM meetings; Steps to communicate GLAM partnerships better and involve the Wikimedian community * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2022/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: 100 000 memories from the Nordic Museum; Report from the Swedish National Archives * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2022/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Diversity in GLAM Program * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2022/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Featured images and cultural diversity * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2022/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Fifty Women Sculptors; Juneteenth Edit-a-thon; Juneteenth Photobooths 2022; Wiknic June 2022; New York Botanical Garden June 2022; LGBT Pride Month * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2022/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: Structured data on Commons editing now possible with OpenRefine 3.6; file uploading with 3.7 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2022/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: July's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2022/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 03:46, 11 Julie 2022 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=23471794 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': July 2022 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2022|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XII, Issue VII, July 2022</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2022/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: Provinces: our main characters * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2022/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Brazil holds its National Wiki Conference, and many GLAM partners join * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2022/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: A very busy July for Colombian libraries / Un Julio bastante movido para las bibliotecas colombianas * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2022/Contents/France report|France report]]: Wikimedian in residence in Clermont-Ferrand * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2022/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: News from Auckland Museum, the West Coast, and New Zealand's thesis repositories * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2022/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Edit-a-thon in the National Museum in Cracow, GLAM editing contest on the collection of artworks * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2022/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: Portugal’s first GLAM-Wiki open access museum project is launched!! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2022/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Presentation of GLAM activities at Edu Wiki Camp * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2022/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Khalili Collections * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2022/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: GLAM for the Masses * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2022/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Wikimania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2022/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: Wikimania activities * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2022/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: What next for 1Lib1Ref? * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2022/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: August's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2022/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 01:24, 9 Augustus 2022 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=23554599 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': August 2022 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2022|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XII, Issue VIII, August 2022</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2022/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Campaign in Albania and Kosovo in 2022 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2022/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Introducing Wikidata to the City of Sydney * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2022/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: In-person and online activities hosted by Brazil during Wikimania 2022 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2022/Contents/Estonia report|Estonia report]]: Summer in WMEE - from collecting professors´ portraits to new potential co-operations * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2022/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: Coins and paintings by the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2022/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: 4 Islands Outreach; Digital Clippings; Balinese Wikisource Competition * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2022/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Italian institutions ever closer to Wiki Loves Monuments * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2022/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Campaign and Wikivoyage * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2022/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: West Africa in the Van der Kraaij Photo Collection 1972-1987 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2022/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: A Wikipedian at Large * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2022/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: The summary of GLAM editing contest and the end of residency at the National Museum in Cracow; Cooperation with Wawel Royal Castle; Hack(art)hon for Zachęta * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2022/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: Linking Portuguese culture to Wikidata * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2022/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Contemporary Art Edit-a-thon and Wikipedian in residence at the Historical Archive of Negotin * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2022/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: 100 000 Bildminnen; Uniforms, images from New Sweden, colonial officers, the map book of Fryderyk Getkant, and more!; Swedish general election 2022 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2022/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Culturally diversifying Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2022/Contents/Uruguay report|Uruguay report]]: Wikimuseos & editing clubs in Uruguay * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2022/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wikimania, Meetups and More * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2022/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Crisis & GLAM * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2022/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: Tools; Helpdesk; IGO/INGO * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2022/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: New tool in development utilizing Structured Data * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2022/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Capacity building for Bophana Center * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2022/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: September's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2022/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 15:55, 12 September 2022 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=23741699 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': September 2022 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2022|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XII, Issue IX, September 2022</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2022/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wiki Loves EuroPride in Albania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2022/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Behind the scenes with Australia's Wiki Loves Earth 2022 winner * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2022/Contents/Austria report|Austria report]]: A Börthday present for Wikidata - the DACH Culture Contest * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2022/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Reopening of Museu Paulista and other news * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2022/Contents/France report|France report]]: Meeting with Prime minister cultural adviser; Residence at the Brittany Museum * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2022/Contents/India report|India report]]: Digitisation of O Bharat, a bilingual biweekly published in Goa from 1912 to 1949 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2022/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: GLAM Socialization; Wikistories for GLAM Competition * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2022/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: September month of results and planning * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2022/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Wiki Loves Monuments Suriname first edition: 554 photos * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2022/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: New Zealand Thesis Project and Te Papa Forget-me-nots * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2022/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: The results of GLAM editing contest; GLAM Coordinators Meeting * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2022/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: External projects, great results and high level of independence * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2022/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Bookfair back on site; Cultural history in High Schools; More identifiers from National Historical Museums of Sweden on Wikidata; Swedish general election 2022 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2022/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programm * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2022/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Islamic art and global art * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2022/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Advocacy and Invention; New Smithsonian WiR; Called to Create; DC Statehood and Home Rule; Annual meeting; Wikipedian in Residence Opportunity at the Pérez Art Museum Miami * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2022/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: Workshops on tool prioritization and helpdesk * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2022/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: View it! tool development update * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2022/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: October's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2022/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 22:53, 8 Oktober 2022 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=23872369 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': October 2022 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2022|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XII, Issue X, October 2022</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2022/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikimedian in Residence in Albania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2022/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Celebrating Wikidata, and over 400 new Wikipedia pages * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2022/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: WLM Brazil, HR & Environment Wikicontest, and GLAM with Atlantic Forest National Institut * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2022/Contents/Estonia report|Estonia report]]: Chuvash people in WMEE and Photo contest * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2022/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: GLAM Talk; Javanese Wikisource Workshop * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2022/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Touring Club Italiano: updates and uploads * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2022/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: About the Dutch Wiki Loves Fashion 2022 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2022/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: TDWG2022 and Molluscs * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2022/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Wiki Loves Monuments 2022 selection process in progress; GLAM online meeting on evaluation of ten editions Wiki Loves Monuments in Poland * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2022/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: GLAMorous October; Faculty of Dramatic Arts in Belgrade; CEE Meeting * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2022/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Women and architechture * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2022/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Program * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2022/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Khalili Foundation * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2022/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Asian American Edit-a-thons and More * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2022/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: First batch upload; list of tools * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2022/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: View it! tool: now with Commons category search! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2022/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: AfLIA Wikisource webinar, Wiki Rescues Manuscripts & European GLAMwiki Coordinators meeting * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2022/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: November's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2022/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 17:13, 10 November 2022 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=23979654 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': November 2022 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2022|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XII, Issue XI, November 2022</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2022/Contents/Africa report|Africa report]]: Wiki Loves Africa 2022 Winners & 2022 ISA Drive * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2022/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: An event at the National History Museum in Tirana * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2022/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: WLM tool, Wiki Takes, New WMB's Strategy, and 2 new GLAMs * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2022/Contents/India report|India report]]: Two Open Culture films on India's Odia language, made with volunteer labour * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2022/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Open GLAM Conference; Sundanese Wikisource Workshop; Minangkabau books digitization * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2022/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Video and photo to share the beauty of Italy's heritage * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2022/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Linking heritage data at HackaLOD * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2022/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Integrating with the BHL, loading natural science specimens and data * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2022/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: How Wiki helps to explore and enjoy art & culture; Wiki workshop for the National Museum in Krakow; GLAM online meeting on ideas for 2023; Wiki Loves Monuments 2022 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2022/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Wikipedian in residence at Faculty of Dramatic Arts in Belgrade and National Museum of Zrenjanin * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2022/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Wikipedian in Residence at Musikverket; Women and architecture; Gymnasiearbete; New uploads from the Swedish National Archives; WLM winners; Images of Äpplet * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2022/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Program * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2022/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Khalili Foundation * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2022/Contents/Uruguay report|Uruguay report]]: Let's GLAM Together in Uruguay: Help us organize the GLAM Wiki Conference 2023 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2022/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: WikiConference North America 2022; Punk Wikipedia Edit-a-thon; Kensho Technologies Impact-a-thon * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2022/Contents/Special story|Special story]]: We need your opinion: GLAM Wiki Conference 2023 & Your Favorite Tools * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2022/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: Survey: your favorite tools * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2022/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: December's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2022/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 04:15, 11 Desember 2022 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=24181148 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': December 2022 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2022|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XII, Issue XII, December 2022</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2022/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: Ongoing projects with open culture * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2022/Contents/Croatia report|Croatia report]]: A YEAR in REarVIEW! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2022/Contents/Denmark report|Denmark report]]: Edit-a-thon on contemporary Danish artists from the former Yugoslavia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2022/Contents/India report|India report]]: CIS-A2K launches GLAM projects in Aurangabad, Maharashtra * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2022/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Digitalization in Deli Serdang and Yogyakarta; #1Lib1Ref Workshop; Structured Data Marathon * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2022/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Museo Egizio - collection import * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2022/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: The Great Macron War, Critter of the Week, and West Couast Wikisource * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2022/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: WikiLovesLibraries Nigeria:An initiative beyond 1Lib1Ref for Librarians in Nigeria * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2022/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: The first European GLAM Coordinators online meet-up; New articles on the collection of Wawel Royal Castle; Results of Wiki Loves Monuments 2022 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2022/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: Wikibase in social sciences and Public Domain Day celebrations * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2022/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: Wikidata Birthday and ongoing projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2022/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Musikverket; Media literacy graphics; Reports for project and to project partners * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2022/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme: look back to 2022 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2022/Contents/Uganda report|Uganda report]]: GLAM in Uganda 2022 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2022/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Khalili project year in review * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2022/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wikipedia Edit-a-Thon: International Volunteer Day; ICP x Art + Feminism * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2022/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Introducing Wiki Loves Living Heritage * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2022/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: Helpdesk; IGO/INGO * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2022/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: View it!: New FULL version is ready to launch * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2022/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: GLAM-Wiki Con 2023, DPLA's new Sloan Foundation funding, and more * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2022/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: January's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2022/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 12:18, 11 Januarie 2023 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=24342308 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': January 2023 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2023|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XIII, Issue I, January 2023</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2023/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikipedia Birthday in Tirana, Albania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2023/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: DESINGEL arts centre and Wikimedia platforms * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2023/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Open Midiateca: Licensing and analysis of collections of Midiateca Capixaba * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2023/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Let's celebrate public domain day 2023 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2023/Contents/Finland report|Finland report]]: Photo walks for Wiki Loves Monuments and rephotography * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2023/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Public Domain Day in Indonesia; #1Lib1Ref Campaign and Workshop * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2023/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Wikimedia Italy's calls for free knowledge * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2023/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Opening old books at Maastricht University * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2023/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: GLAM stepping into 2023; New “did you know” articles on the collection of Wawel Royal Castle * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2023/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: #1Lib1Ref * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2023/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Tekniska museet makes 3000 polar images available on Commons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2023/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2023/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: National Trust and cultural diversity * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2023/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Effie Kapsalis remembered; Mathematicians + Wikipedia; Wikipedia Day 2023; San Diego meetup * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2023/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: Report of survey about Wikimedia content partnerships tools * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2023/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: View it! Editing Functionality: Final Update! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2023/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: February's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2023/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 20:32, 9 Februarie 2023 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=24506764 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': February 2023 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2023|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XIII, Issue II, February 2023</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2023/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: I Edit Wikipedia Online Campaign 2023 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2023/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Public Domain Day Belgium 2023 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2023/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: GLAM-Wiki initiatives in Brazil spark academic investigation * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2023/Contents/Croatia report|Croatia report]]: Activities during first two months of 2023 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2023/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Launching of Wikisource Loves Manuscripts; Bincang GLAM continues * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2023/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: New project and collaboration in February * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2023/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: I Edit Wikipedia Online Campaign 2023 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2023/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Wikidata and the Biodiversity Heritage Library, Wellington WikiCon 2023 and Auckland Museum local suburb project funding * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2023/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: The European GLAM Coordinators online meet-up; GLAM-Wiki workshop at the Wawel Royal Castle State Art Collection; Wikimedians-in-residence online meet up * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2023/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: 100 000 Bildminnen; Report from The Association of Swedish Museums; Wikipedia for all of Sweden; ArkDes edit-a-thons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2023/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: In Memoriam Jo Pugh / Cultural Diversity * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2023/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Black History Month and More * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2023/Contents/Wiki Loves Living Heritage report|Wiki Loves Living Heritage report]]: Wiki Loves Living Heritage launches 17 March 1pm UTC * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2023/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Gender, language, and living heritage events in collaboration with affiliates * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2023/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: March's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2023/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 06:20, 12 Maart 2023 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=24700176 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': March 2023 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2023|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XIII, Issue III, March 2023</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2023/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: WikiGap Tirana 2023, Albania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2023/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: Starting the year at WMAR * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2023/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Know My Name edit-a-thon at the National Gallery of Australia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2023/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Wiki Loves Pará, Women's month and a huge upload for biologists * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2023/Contents/Estonia report|Estonia report]]: From Ruhnu to Vääna a.k.a. Winterspring in WMEE * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2023/Contents/France report|France report]]: Residency at the Brittany Museum * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2023/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Javanese Wikisource Competition; 5 More Bincang GLAMs; GLAM Socialization to University of Sriwijaya * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2023/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: GLAM Spring * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2023/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: Wikivoyage Edit-a-thon in Istog * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2023/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Auckland War Memorial Museum Local Suburb Project updates * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2023/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: GLAM meet-ups, Wikiresidencies and GLAM partners contributiong to editing contest * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2023/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: GLAM in March * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2023/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Photo memories from three industrial towns; Update from the archives; ArkDes edit-a-thons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2023/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2023/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Khalili Foundation * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2023/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Projects and activities in March * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2023/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: Mismatch Finder: Resolving Mismatches in Wikidata’s 100 Million Items * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2023/Contents/Wiki Loves Living Heritage report|Wiki Loves Living Heritage report]]: The Ethics of Open Sharing * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2023/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: April's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2023/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 23:48, 10 April 2023 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=24780501 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': April 2023 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2023|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XIII, Issue IV, April 2023</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2023/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: International Roma Day Edit-a-thon in Albania, 2023 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2023/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: "Every Book its Public" Campaign and Strategic Committee on Libraries * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2023/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: What's new at GLAM in the Czech Republic * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2023/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: GLAM Mini Grants; Structured Data Marathon VIII; Wikisource Online Workshop * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2023/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Bridges between Wikimedia and culture * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2023/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: BHL Whitepaper and outreach for Citizen Science Month and WeDigBio, Auckland Museum suburbs project update, New Zealand Women in Architecture Wikidata Project * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2023/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Another meeting of EU GLAM Coordinators; Guided tours for Wikipedians in museums in Krakow; Presentation on Art in Wikipedia; Online training on the basics of copyright law; Polish monuments among the top winners of WLM * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2023/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: ISOF workshop; More articles from students; SAAB veterans shared their knowledge during metadata edit-a-thon; ArkDes edit-a-thons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2023/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Democratising knowledge and cultural diversity * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2023/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Into the Wikiverse; Earth Day 2023 Bushwick * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2023/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: Wikipedia day pitches by FAO and IEA * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2023/Contents/Wiki Loves Living Heritage report|Wiki Loves Living Heritage report]]: Activities are starting! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2023/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Biodiversity Heritage Library whitepaper and the #1Lib1Ref campaign * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2023/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: May's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2023/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 22:34, 10 Mei 2023 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=24999560 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': May 2023 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2023|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XIII, Issue V, May 2023</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2023/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: E-mail account issue * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2023/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Summer of Wikivoyage Edit-a-thon in Shëngjin, Albania, 2023 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2023/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Improving Wikipedia pages about Australian women filmmakers at ACMI * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2023/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: First GLAM-Wiki partnership from Pará * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2023/Contents/Finland report|Finland report]]: Adding authority control templates with Pywikibot * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2023/Contents/India report|India report]]: Digitization of Behar Herald starts in Patna * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2023/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Wikisource Workshop in Madura; Outreach to Bandung; Indonesian Wikisource Competition * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2023/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Open access from North to South * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2023/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: Summer of Wikivoyage Edit-a-thon 2023 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2023/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Women in Architecture Edit-a-thon and Auckland suburb updates * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2023/Contents/Philippines report|Philippines report]]: Wikisource promotion at UNC Museum * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2023/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Air travel and city streets * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2023/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2023/Contents/Uganda report|Uganda report]]: These last few months in Uganda * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2023/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Promoting cultural diversity on Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2023/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: A Spotlight on Black Women Birders; DC Nobel Solution Sessions; Women of Color in the Renwick Gallery; Anthropology and Community Connections; SAGE edit-a-thon; WikiWednesday Salon; Into the Wikiverse: AANHPIs in Science Fiction and Pop Culture; Queering Wikipedia 2023 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2023/Contents/Special story|Special story]]: Help Wikimedia Map Your Efforts to Improve Copyright! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2023/Contents/GLAM Wiki conference report|GLAM Wiki conference report]]: GLAM Wiki Conference 2023: Announcing the venue & scholarship application process open * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2023/Contents/Wiki Loves Living Heritage report|Wiki Loves Living Heritage report]]: Photo contests * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2023/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: WILMA, DPLA + SDAW, and BHL whitepaper updates * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2023/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: June's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2023/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 00:47, 12 Junie 2023 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=25118911 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': June 2023 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2023|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XIII, Issue VI, June 2023</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2023/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: CEE Spring Campaign 2023, Albania and Kosovo * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2023/Contents/Asia report|Asia report]]: Donation of images from the National Centre for Biological Sciences * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2023/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Native Brazilian photographer wins Wiki Loves Folklore Brazil 2023 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2023/Contents/Croatia report|Croatia report]]: Half done in 2023 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2023/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: Museum tour, WLM, handouts and image donation * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2023/Contents/India report|India report]]: Wiki Exploration Programme GLAM activities * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2023/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Conclusion of Mini Grants; Second #1Lib1Ref Campaign; Wikisource Workshop in Bali * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2023/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: TCI and Turin Academy of Science * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2023/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: CEE Spring Campaign 2023, Albania and Kosovo * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2023/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: A new book, new Wikipedia articles, videos and further images on Africa * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2023/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Report on the Society for the Preservation of Natural History Collections Conference 2023 and Auckland suburb updates * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2023/Contents/Philippines report|Philippines report]]: GLAM outreach activity at University of Nueva Caceres: Digitization, workshops and proofread-a-thons as future collaboration * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2023/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: GLAM-Wiki workshops for the Czartoryski Library; Work on the GLAM-Wiki Project Page Continues; End of Internship within the "Praktykuj w Kulturze" Program * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2023/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Knowledge overview; Almedalen week * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2023/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programm * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2023/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Cultural diversity * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2023/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: WikiWednesday returns to Manhattan; Wikimedia NYC and Art+Feminism; WikiConference North America 2023; GLAM Wiki 2023 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2023/Contents/Special story|Special story]]: Flickr Foundation and Wikimedia Foundation partner to build Flickypedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2023/Contents/GLAM Wiki conference report|GLAM Wiki conference report]]: The call for proposals is now open for the GLAM Wiki Conference * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2023/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: July's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2023/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 07:11, 10 Julie 2023 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=25275926 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': July 2023 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2023|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XIII, Issue VII, July 2023</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2023/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wiki Photowalk Albania and Kosovo, 2023 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2023/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: First batch of a big upload * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2023/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Where's The Source? Adding Citations to Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2023/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Two new GLAM-wiki partnerships and Three large uploads * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2023/Contents/France report|France report]]: New milestone reached: already 500 portraits of geographers uploaded on Commons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2023/Contents/India report|India report]]: Open Knowledge Fellowship by Heritage Lab and Wikibase set foot in India * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2023/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Videos and filmmakers of Africa, Open Churches Photochallenge and Wiki goes Caribbean meet-up in Dutch National Archive * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2023/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: EU GLAM Coordinators; WikiMatejko; Polona; internship program * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2023/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Wikipedian in residence raises the standards * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2023/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Roads, Kingdoms and Assassins * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2023/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: WikiWednesday Salon; New York Botanical Garden; Meetup San Diego * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2023/Contents/Wiki Loves Living Heritage report|Wiki Loves Living Heritage report]]: Join Wiki Loves Living Heritage at Wikimania! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2023/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: WiLMa updates * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2023/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: August's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2023/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 07:16, 9 Augustus 2023 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=25415835 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': August 2023 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XIII, Issue VIII, August 2023</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos in Albania and Kosovo * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: Highlights on Wikimania 2023 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Armenia report|Armenia report]]: Wikimedia Armenia GLAM projects in August * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Activities in Belgium September-December 2023 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: 4 new GLAM-Wiki partnerships and uploads from several institutions * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Canada report|Canada report]]: Wiki-Wednesdays: Digital Literacy for GLAM workers * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Summer does not stop the wiki collaborations * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: The Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos in Albania and Kosovo; Wiki Loves Earth in Albania and Kosovo * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Public sculpture photo trail: documenting Auckland sculptures in Wikidata; Aotearoa's Wikimedia Laureate * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Presentation for school librarians at Wikiteka, Ongoing projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: A month in the shine of Wikidata and new cooperation * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Showcasing collaboration with the Nordic Museum at Wikimania 2023; Working with Swedish folk high schools * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programm * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Islamic art exhibitions and heritage innovation * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Great North American Wiknic * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Wikidocumentaries to import images from the web to Structured Data on Commons – a Google Summer of Code project * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: Hub updates at Wikimania 2023; Supporting Wiki Loves Monuments teams * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: Open call: OpenRefine-Wikimedia train-the-trainer course, November 2023-April 2024 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Wiki Loves Living Heritage report|Wiki Loves Living Heritage report]]: Looking back, looking ahead * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/WREN at Wikimania report|WREN at Wikimania report]]: Wikimedians in Residence Exchange Network at Wikimania Singapore * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: September's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 11:01, 12 September 2023 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=25585038 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': September 2023 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XIII, Issue IX, September 2023</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: Disseminating open culture * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Amazonia on Wiki * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Wikidata and the editing of Ibero-American scientific journals * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/France report|France report]]: Celebrating Rugby Herstory and History in Toulouse; Les Lorraines sans pages * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/India report|India report]]: Wikimedia Commons Contest connects Pune citizens with the rivers Mula & Mutha * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: 10,000 institutions on the Wikimedia projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: West Coast Wikipedian at Large * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: GLAM-Wiki educational activities * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: With multiple events, September was a busy month for Wikimedia Portugal * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Wikipedia in education; Continuation at Swedish folk high schools; Wikipedians at the Bookfair * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: A new WIR and a very old book * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wikimedia New York City Election 2023; San Diego/September 2023; Climate Change and Food Safety * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: OpenRefine and Wikimedia Commons: train the trainer course participants and two surveys * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/Wiki Loves Living Heritage report|Wiki Loves Living Heritage report]]: European photo contest finalists, Local Contexts Wikiproject at GLAMhack * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Wikisource Loves Manuscripts, ICOM outreach, Flickr Foundation partnership, OpenRefine adoption, new sources in The Wikipedia Library, Image Description Month events, and the GLAM Wiki Conference * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: October's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 15:02, 11 Oktober 2023 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=25712541 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': October 2023 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XIII, Issue X, October 2023</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Celebrating Wikipedia's 20th Birthday in Albanian Language * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: Content, resources and platforms for open access! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: October Report * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Wiki Loves Monuments Brasil 2023 and Open Midiateca * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Open Access Week and Wikidata; Opening Culture and Heritage training * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Côte d'Ivoire report|Côte d'Ivoire report]]: Wikimedia Côte d'Ivoire and Apsid-ci collaboration for Glam * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Croatia report|Croatia report]]: Looong summer is over * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: Great first results in State Regional Archives and Wikiresident Group coworking * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Ireland report|Ireland report]]: Wikimedia Community Ireland Host WikiWomen Partner Meeting at Dublin's historical Port * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Results of funded projects within Call GLAM 2023 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Wiki Loves Fashion in the Netherlands * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Biodiversity Information Standards Conference 2023 (TDWG2023) and the Entomological Collection Network Meeting (ECN2023) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: WikiMatejko, Internships, Open Heritage, folk costumes * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: Open Access Week celebrations and an edit-a-thon to increase the visibility of black lusophone communities * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Dynamic October in Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/South Africa report|South Africa report]]: Edit-a-thon for Librarians at the annual Library and Information Association of South Africa 2023 Conference * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Wikipedia for all of Sweden; Museums and Wikidata – why and how?; Photo memories from Stockholm and Rome; Negotiating Knowledge on Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programm * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Good omens for a rosy future * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Women in Environmental Justice; October WikiSalon * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: AvoinGLAM joins the long-awaited GLAM Wiki 2023 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: Let's Connect * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Wiki Loves Living Heritage report|Wiki Loves Living Heritage report]]: Learning and sharing * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Wikimedia and Libraries User Group report|Wikimedia and Libraries User Group report]]: The Wikimedia and Libraries AI Salons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: November's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 03:15, 11 November 2023 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=25792228 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': November 2023 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XIII, Issue XI, November 2023</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Three-months of Wikimedian in Residence at the Qemal Baholli Public Library in Albania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: New partners in Rio and GLAM WikiCon * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Canada report|Canada report]]: WCNA 2023: an key event for North American users * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Wiki GLAM Conf and Bogotá Libraries Meeting * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/France report|France report]]: Edit-a-thon Le retour de la momie * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Record edition of Wiki Loves Monuments in Italy * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Share your Data course, history month, REBOOT! and Dutch Public Domain Day event * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Summer students at Auckland Museum * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: GLAM-Wiki Conference, WikiMatejko * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: Catalan culture and showcasing Wikimedia on both side of the Atlantic * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Wikipedians in Residence, GLAM Wiki Conference * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: National Historical Museums of Sweden contributions; Photo memories from all over the world engage the community; Museum of medieval photo safari * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Fifty article milestone * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: AvoinGLAM at GLAM Wiki 2023 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: 3,000 medical images on Wikimedia Commons through the Helpdesk * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Wiki Loves Living Heritage report|Wiki Loves Living Heritage report]]: 2023 Living Heritage elements are added to Wiki Loves Living Heritage * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: December's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 08:40, 11 Desember 2023 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=25925124 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': December 2023 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XIII, Issue XII, December 2023</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wiki Loves EuroPride in Albania 2023 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/Bosnia & Herzegovina report|Bosnia & Herzegovina report]]: A year in review ... * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/Croatia report|Croatia report]]: 2023 in review * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: Wiki-residents establishing meeting took place in December * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: Go-ahead for Wikidata Project of GLAM institutions from Baden-Württemberg * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: WLM Local winners and funds for 2024 GLAM projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Auckland Museum summer updates * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Intense end to a year of GLAM-Wiki activities in Poland * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Photo memories project concludes; Sörmlands museum passes 1000 uploads to Wikimedia Commons; Wikimedian in Residence supports an upload of music content; Subject terms from Queerlit; Wikidata for authority control: 3 years of work * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Program * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: 2023 in Review * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: WikiConference North America 2023; TSU and USF; Philadelphia WikiSalon; Wikimedia DC Annual Membership Meeting; Wikipedia Editing 101 for All; NYC Hacking Night; Upstate NY workshop; Wikiquote She Said Project * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/Wiki Loves Living Heritage report|Wiki Loves Living Heritage report]]: Thank you for making Wiki Loves Living Heritage happen! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Updates and invitation to test the Commons Impact Metrics prototype * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: January's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 05:25, 13 Januarie 2024 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=26019095 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': January 2024 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XIV, Issue I, January 2024</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikipedia Day in Albania 2024 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: First international public domain day celebration in Europe coming up on March 7 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: A legal infrastructure for sharing public collections in Brazil: the case of Midiateca Capixaba * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: January '24: Institute of Physics photos and Free culture discussion * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/Finland report|Finland report]]: Photographing at the second half of 2023 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/India report|India report]]: Documenting ASI (Archaeological Survey of India) Museums in Bihar * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Public Domain Day & Monumental Moments * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Aotearoa Wikipedian at Large, and Auckland Museum updates * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: An update on the Wikimatejko editing action and an invitation to the international community to join the action * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: Unveiling Catrapilha: A ReacTive approach to GLAM content import * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Freedom of Panorama in Sweden * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Indonesian praise for an Ottoman photograph of Arabia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wikipedia Day 2024; edit-a-thon; meetups * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Events! Events! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: New OpenRefine documentation for Wikimedia Commons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: WiLMa Updates, OpenRefine training, Biodiversity, and Librarians * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: February's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 02:00, 10 Februarie 2024 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=26180968 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': February 2024 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XIV, Issue II, February 2024</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: One village, One article in Albania and Kosovo * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: On tour * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: News from Rio de Janeiro * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/France report|France report]]: Open Content Observatory letter * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Antarctic Writing Month and GLAM call * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: One Village, One Article Campaign * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: WikiProject Te Papa Research Expeditions, wrapping up the Auckland / Tāmaki Makaurau local histories project, and the Aotearoa Wikipedian at Large * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: WikiMatejko editing action; The eighth European GLAM Wiki coordinators meet up * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: SMALL GLAM SLAM Pilot 1 Rapid Grant * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Working life museums * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: National Trust, Leeds 2023, and Khalili Foundation * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Hacking Night; Seattle Meetups; Denver Huddle; Wikipedia Day LA; San Diego/February 2024; Supreme Court visit * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group February Monthly Highlights * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: Working with catalogues: a Wikidata volunteer’s perspective * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Updates on OpenRefine training and Wikisource Loves manuscripts * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: March's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 13:50, 10 Maart 2024 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=26279731 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': March 2024 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XIV, Issue III, March 2024</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: WikiGap Tirana 2024 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Art+Feminism in Australia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Belgian Public domain day and Wiki Loves Heritage awards on March 7 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: A GLAM focus on Rio de Janeiro; Archivos en vigília * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Making the public domain visible on Wikidata; In Colombia Women are historical * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: GLAM call winner projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: GLAMorousToHTML - a tool to list Wikipedia articles that include images from a given Commons category * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Update on Wikidata:WikiProject Te Papa research expeditions and the Wikipedian at Large * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM-Wiki in Poland in March * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: More photo memories – and the community is helping out; Yearly student project * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: A small problem with the Ottoman Empire * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: GLAM CSI and WikiPortraits launch and more meetups * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group March monthly highlights * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: GLAMorousToHTML - a tool to list Wikipedia articles that include images from a given Commons category * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: WikiLearn course for OpenRefine on Wikimedia Commons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Learn to upload to Commons with OpenRefine and get up to date on the International Museum Day, GLAM CSI, WiLMa Network, and WikiWorkshop * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: April's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 01:56, 11 April 2024 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=26483115 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': April 2024 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XIV, Issue IV, April 2024</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: International Roma Day Editathon in Albania and Kosovo, 2024 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: New images from Central Australia on Wikimedia Commons, Library Science WikiProject students edit Wikipedia & 1Lib1Ref in Australia and New Zealand * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Wiki Library Month * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: 2023 became a promissing year for wiki-residents and partnerships in CR * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: International Roma Day Editathon in Albania and Kosovo, 2024 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Informal GLAM hack session * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Te Papa research expeditions and the Wikipedian at Large * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Climate Changes and GLAM * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM-Wiki in Poland in April * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: SMALL GLAM SLAM * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: 100 000 bildminnen; Metabase * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Heaven on Earth at last? * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group April monthly highlights * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: AI Sauna quick reflection * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: OpenRefine online courses in more languages, and certified trainers * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: OpenRefine course in three more languages and International Museum Day challenges * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: May's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 06:43, 11 Mei 2024 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=26483115 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': May 2024 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XIV, Issue V, May 2024</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Summer of Wikivoyage Edit-a-thon in Kruja; Traditional Albanian food photography competition * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Open licensing guide from Midiateca Capixaba; Activities in Rio de Janeiro; First batch from LabDOC; New batch from NeuroMat; Hercule Florence photowalk * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: International discussion on the role of media and new GLAM partnership on the horizon * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/India report|India report]]: Digitization concludes for Behar Herald and a digitization workshop held for libraries in Maharashtra * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Edit-a-thons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: Summer of Wikivoyage Edit-a-thon in Kruja & Traditional Albanian food photography competition * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: WikiconNL 2024 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Women in Architecture Edit-a-thon, Wikidata Te Papa research expeditions project and 1Lib1Ref * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM-Wiki in Poland in May * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: The Search for the Lost Manuscripts * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Our first Igbo language article * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/Ukraine report|Ukraine report]]: Article campaigns for Ukrainian librarians, partnership with a national library * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: WikiPortraits & Edit-a-thons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group May monthly highlights * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/GLAM Wiki Meta pages revamp|GLAM Wiki Meta pages revamp]]: GLAM Wiki Meta pages kicking off the Working Group * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Introducing Alice Kibombo, a new dataset, and more * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: June's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 14:26, 9 Junie 2024 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=26893904 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': June 2024 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XIV, Issue VI, June 2024</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wiki Loves Living Heritage in Albania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Partner Project between Wikimedia Australia, the Australian and New Zealand Society of Indexers (ANZSI) and the School of Information and Communication Studies at Charles Sturt University (CSU SICS) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Wiki Loves Mato Grosso * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: GLAM digital with the August Bebel Institute - "Wiki Loves Democracy Part III" and new GLAM-on-Tour-Film released * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: 2024 Half-a-year in Review * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Open science conference and Wikimedians in Sicily * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: Wiki Loves Earth in Albania & Kosovo, 2024 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: WikiProject Te Papa Research Expeditions and WikiProject IBC 2024 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Climate Changes Edit-a-thons by Wikimedia MKD * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM-Wiki in Poland in June * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: News in GLAM Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Using Wikipedia in interfaith education * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: GLAM CSI user stories feedback requested and US events * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group June monthly highlights * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Bridging Digital Art Practices with Institutional Archives: professional knowledge exchange on digital art archiving * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: 20th Century Press Archives – history in newspaper clippings, made accessible by ZBW and Wikimedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: July's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 02:30, 12 Julie 2024 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=27031050 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': July 2024 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XIV, Issue VII, July 2024</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: For what matters most for your community * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: Mid-term digitization update * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Structuring Wiki Loves Monuments through a Wikidata portal * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Canada report|Canada report]]: CCA Hosts Inaugural Wiki Edit-a-Thon * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: The flight over the "Rosinenbomber" - drone deployment for Free Knowledge; Kicking off a German-language community of practice for building cultural heritage linked open data with the wikimedia projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/India report|India report]]: GLAM partner ventures into 'Digitisation Plus' programs with Wikimedians * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: Prompting what's most important - our community in Albania and Kosovo * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: WikiProject International Botanical Congress 2024, a presentation to the Natural History Museum, London & Kew Gardens staff and a Research expeditions edit-a-thon * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Translations galore * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wikicurious WikiNYC Civic Hall; San Diego 111; #5WomenArtists campaign * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group July monthly highlights * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Special story|Special story]]: GLAM GLobal meetup & GLAM Global Calls * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: August's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 02:59, 12 Augustus 2024 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=27242105 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': August 2024 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XIV, Issue VIII, August 2024</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/Aruba report|Aruba report]]: Vacancy Wikimedian in Residence for Wikipedia on Aruba - Aruba on Wikipedia project * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Technology and biodiversity: “Amazonian Knowledge on Wiki” * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Colombia in Wikimania Mood * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: Cooperation between National Library and Wikimedia CR was presented at Wikimania 2024 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/India report|India report]]: Wikimedians-in-residence assigned to add lexicographical data of 5 endangered languages of West Bengal * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: 10 reasons why the National Library of the Netherlands moved its Wikimedia-related publications from SlideShare to Zenodo, and keeps them on Wikimedia Commons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Looking for Aotearoa's next roving Wikipedian, a Wikidata Te Papa research expeditions publication & the Wikidata WikiProject IBC follow-up workshop * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: An insight of Wkikimedia MKD's 2024 GLAM Programme * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM-Wiki in Poland * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Indonesian Featured Article award * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wikimania report and meetups * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group August monthly highlights * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/Special story|Special story]]: Global GLAM Wiki Meetup - Future meetings and outcomes * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: AvoinGLAM at Wikimania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: Content Partnerships Hub at Wikimania; The Helpdesk; Metabase; UN collaboration day * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Commons Impact Metrics, WikiLibCon25, and WikiConference North America * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: September's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 10:48, 11 September 2024 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=27310248 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': September 2024 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XIV, Issue IX, September 2024</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikimedian in Residence at Elbasan’s Ethnographic Museum in Albania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: GLAM and communities * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Artbank's edit-a-thon for gender equity in Australian visual arts * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Project 'Belgian distilleries as Linked Open Data' completed * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Photowalks for Wiki Loves Monuments 2024 at five corners of Brazil * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/France report|France report]]: 4th edition of the Label Culture Libre * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/India report|India report]]: Digitization at the Museum of Santal Culture, Federation Hall Society Library and Cultural Heritage and Literature in Meghalaya * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Report on the Wikidata WikiProject International Botanical 2024, Conference report for SPNHC-TDWG 2024 and the upcoming New Zealand species edit-a-thon * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM-Wiki in Poland * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: Wiki Takes Rural Archaeology * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Wiki content in interfaith education * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Banned books and more * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group September monthly highlights * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/Special story|Special story]]: Global GLAM calls from November: short survey, and register! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: October's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 11:38, 10 Oktober 2024 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=27548598 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': October 2024 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XIV, Issue X, October 2024</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wiki Loves Monuments in Albania and Kosovo, 2024 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Amazon holotypes: how the species were discovered * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Canada report|Canada report]]: FIMS Graduate Library Wiki Club Lunch & Learn * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: ¿Por qué y para qué usar Wikidata en Colombia? / Why and for what purpose should Wikidata be used in Colombia? * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Empowering Italian GLAMs * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: Edit-a-thon at the City Museum of Mitrovica * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Latvia report|Latvia report]]: Wikidata Workshop 2024: National Library of Latvia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Highlights from the Third Wiki Loves Fashion Campaign in the Netherlands * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Auckland Museum Wikimedian in Residence, Te Maori edit-a-thons & NZ Species edit-a-thons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: WIKIMEDIA MKD's successful GLAM programme! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM-Wiki in Poland * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: General Archive of the Palace * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Memory of the World baseline * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: October meetups * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group October monthly highlights * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: European encounters * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Baseline report * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: Wikidata's 12th birthday celebration * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: November's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 15:19, 10 November 2024 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=27687486 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': November 2024 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XIV, Issue XI, November 2024</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Minigrant and Photowalk Projects in Albania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Winners of WLM 2024 Brazil * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Canada report|Canada report]]: WikiConvention francophone 2024 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Croatia report|Croatia report]]: deGrowth in N0vember * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: Visual memory presented with collections of East Bohemia Museum in Hradec Kralove * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/India report|India report]]: Digitization starts at Rammohun Library and Free Reading Room * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Wrap up the nine projects funded by 2024 GLAM call and Italian Wikidata Days * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: NZ Species Editathon, OEGlobal 2024 and Auckland Museum's Summer Students * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM-Wiki in Poland * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: Summary of Wikidata Days 2024: Librarians don’t need hammers, they need Wikidata * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/UAE report|UAE report]]: Highlighting the Impact of Wiki Loves Monuments 2024 in UAE * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Wikimedia UAE and Librarians report|Wikimedia UAE and Librarians report]]: Empowering Knowledge: Librarians and Wikimedia at DILC 2024 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Middle-Eastern history and interfaith education * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: November meetings * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group November monthly highlights * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Winter Festival * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Wikidata and Wikipedia improvements * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: December's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 21:45, 10 Desember 2024 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=27942378 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': December 2024 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XIV, Issue XII, December 2024</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: The Patrolling Edit-a-thon in Albania and Kosovo, 2024 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: Last activities of 2024 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Catrapilha in action: Uploading the Porto Alegre image feed * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/India report|India report]]: Living GLAM project on Santali culture continues in West Bengal * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: From SlideShare to Zenodo & How Dutch Wikipedia uses the Digital Library for Dutch Literature * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Wikdata module, Auckland Museum student progress, and the Wikipedian at Large * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: Digitization of Heritage Archives in Nigeria * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Conference for GLAM employees in Skopje * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM-Wiki in Poland * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: Wikimedia Portugal and Wiki Editoras Lx Collaborate on a Wiki GLAM, Culture, and Heritage Conference for 2025 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: 2024 in review * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: December meetings * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Public Domain Day report|Public Domain Day report]]: Public Domain Day 2025 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group December monthly highlights * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Ways forward * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: January's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 13:01, 11 Januarie 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=28033195 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': January 2025 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue I, January 2025</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Africa report|Africa report]]: Guinea-Bissau Heritage from Commons to the World * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikimedian in Residence at the Qemal Baholli Public Library in Elbasan (October - December 2024) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Aruba report|Aruba report]]: Wikipedia on Aruba project has officially begun! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Wiki Loves Maranhão * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: Exploring Wikidata & Building Community for Cultural Heritage Professionals * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Celebrating Public Domain Day 2025 in Indonesia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: New Wikimedia Italia Grant for GLAMs * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: 3 Million Dutch Cultural Heritage Images in Commons & 400,000 RCE images now in higher resolution & Usage of DBNL in Dutch Wikipedia articles * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Student led Edit-a-thon * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: GLAM-Wiki 2024 in Poland: Achievements, Collaborations, and Impact * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Wikimedia Serbia: Advancing GLAM collaborations and digital heritage * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Cairo Geniza * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wikipedia Day * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group January monthly highlights * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Special story|Special story]]: Join the Global GLAM Call – Tuesday, February 11th, 13:30 UTC! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: To the front page! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: Wikidata at WikiLibCon 2025 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: February's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 23:23, 9 Februarie 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=28125057 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': February 2025 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue II, February 2025</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Celebrating the English Wikipedia’s Birthday in Albania! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Belgium Public Domain Day and Dance Heritage * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Wiki and COP30 in the Amazon rainforest * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: GLAM digital and seminar on Jewish life * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: GLAM call and Progetto cultura * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: [GLAM metrics] Usage of Delpher in Dutch Wikipedia articles * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Wikipedia podcast episode, Trilepidea newsletter article, and the Wikipedian at Large * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Wikimedia MKD GLAM program for 2025 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM in Poland * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Islamic and Jewish history * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Ukraine report|Ukraine report]]: GLAM news from Ukraine – events for libraries, #1Lib1Ref, launch of a larger GLAM product * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: February meetings * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group February monthly highlights * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Connecting Media Art Archives * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: 5.1 million image views * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: Wikidata event: Data Reuse Days 2025 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Wikisource report|Wikisource report]]: Wikisource Conference 2025 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Wikimedia and Libraries User Group report|Wikimedia and Libraries User Group report]]: Wikimedia + Libraries International Convention 2025 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: March's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 16:52, 10 Maart 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=28357408 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': March 2025 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue III, March 2025</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: WikiGap in Albania 2025, and essential initiatives for free knowledge * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: Archives and Human Rights activities * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: International Women's Day, Wikipedia officially recognised as Digital Public Good and invitation for the General Assembly * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Every Book Its Reader is coming * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: New Horizons of Czech GLAM Partnerships in 2025 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/France report|France report]]: Archivist Forum 2025 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Ten winners of Wikimedia Italia 2025 GLAM call * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: International Womensday; New Wikimedian in Residence at Maastricht University * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: What's on at Auckland Museum, and International Women's Day at University of Otago * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: GLAM in Africa, a Nigerian narrative in knowledge decolonization a case study of Benin City * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM in Poland * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Switzerland report * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Gold in Bengali and Diversity in Arabic * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Women's History month * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group March monthly highlights * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Manuscripts of Mali * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: Creating an OpenRefine Wikimedia Group * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: April's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 09:01, 9 April 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=28408819 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': April 2025 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue IV, April 2025</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikipedia Event for International Roma Day 2025 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Highlighting Feminist and women's histories and a Wiki Day at the South Australian Museum * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Catalan areas report|Catalan areas report]]: Campaign to document the 2025 Falla monuments in Valencia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Wikidata and Research * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Open Collection Highlights * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Women in Architecture, BHL, and the Commons Workflow * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: Strengthening Cultural Heritage through Partnerships and Knowledge Sharing: Insights from World Heritage Day in Nigeria * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Wikimedia MKD's new GLAM collaborations and activities * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM in Poland * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: Scholarships and Call for Sessions Proposals for GLAM Wiki 2025 will open soon: Stay tuned! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: GLAM Highlights from Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: FemNetzCon 2025; GLAM Meeting Biel/Bienne; Digi Archive * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Mapping Museums / Art in Arabic * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: April meetings * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group April monthly highlights * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Surging forward in Spanish and Arabic * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: May's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 20:53, 11 Mei 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=28668932 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': May 2025 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue V, May 2025</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Enhancing the LGBTQ+ content in Albanian Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Belgium Public Domain Day and Dance Heritage * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Video resource on Wikimedia Brasil and Casa de Oswaldo Cruz Partnership Released * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Croatia report|Croatia report]]: SPRINGing back activities * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: National Library of the CR events and important guests * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Europe report|Europe report]]: DARIAH DHwiki WG coming activity * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/India report|India report]]: GLAM project starts with Nanda Talukdar Foundation at Jorhat, Assam * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: GLAM Wiki Month 2025 in Indonesia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: From charts to concrete * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: Traditional Albanian Food Photography Competition 2025 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Update from Auckland Museum; Let the Wikifying Commence; Listful Thinking * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: Architectural Folklore Campaign Series * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM in Poland * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Celebrating Museums and strengthening #1Lib1Ref connections * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: Some news from Spain * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: International Museum Day 2025; CoCreation PTT-Archive; Scoring Girls * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: The 18th language * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Ukraine report|Ukraine report]]: Spring GLAM news from Ukraine – first major survey for GLAM institutions & yet another successful #1Lib1Ref * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: May meetings * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group May monthly highlights * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Preparing the data upload * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: June's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 06:00, 10 Junie 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=28809506 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': June 2025 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue VI, June 2025</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Celebrating Communication History and Women Artists through Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Public Domain Day in Europe 2026 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Expanding Data on Maranhão's Heritage * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: First call of Science Month at Wikipedia in the Czech Republic wrapped-up * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/France report|France report]]: WiR and science&GLAM tour in France * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Another publication from Grant for GLAM Indonesia program & Minangkabau Wikisource Competition upadates * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Isoseismals & Icons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: Celebrating Albanian Cuisine Through Photography: Winners of the 2025 Contest Announced! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Mexico report|Mexico report]]: Open Cultural Data Hackathon in Puebla * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Wikifying the International Congress of History of Science and Technology; Librarians and Wikipedia; NZ species edit-a-thons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: Mapping Heritage Buildings on Wikidata and Wiki Heritage Fellowship * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Wikimedia MKD Strengthens Ties with Academic Institutions: A Wikimedian-in-Residence at the Institute of Macedonian Literature * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM in Poland * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: Registration is now open for GLAM WikiCon 2025! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: June highlights from Wikimedia Serbia and beginning of new accredited seminar * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: International Archives Week 2025; SAPA Performing Arts; GLAM Meeting Biel/Bienne * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: New Featured Pictures * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: June meetings * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL Transition update, LivingData2025 and Women Genera paper * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Data upload achieved * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Wiki Knowledge Park report|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 report]]: Celebrating Heritage and Faith: Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: July's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 15:35, 12 Julie 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=28966332 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': July 2025 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue VII, July 2025</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: 10 years of Wikimedians of Albanian Language User Group * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Aruba report|Aruba report]]: Wikipedia on Aruba – From Island to Archive: Aruba’s Journey on Wikimedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: De Standaard Solidarity Prize and How to Upload Artwork * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Women in Wartime * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: Expanding Access to Heritage Knowledge * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: GLAM Wiki 2025: Program Highlights & Volunteer Call * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: July in Wikimedia Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Poster Exhibition, Screening Public Viewing, Women Memorials * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Japanese art in Arabic * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wikinics & Edit-a-thons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL blog by Tiago Lubiana, BHL Wikimedian in Residence, and news on the BHL transition * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Introducing Oulu Löyly – we want to hear your thoughts! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Getting the message out * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Culture & Heritage team transitioning to broader Content Enablement team * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: August's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 19:59, 11 Augustus 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=29083949 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': August 2025 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue VIII, August 2025</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos campaign 2025 in Albania and Kosovo * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Expanding Cultural Heritage in Brazil: School communities, Wikisource course, GLAM-Wiki Impact and Wiki Takes Alcântara * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/India report|India report]]: Digitization starts at two more libraries in West Bengal * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Grant for GLAM Indonesia is open! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: From food festivals to PhD courses: Wikimedia in Italian academia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: NZ species edit-a-thons, a scholarly article, a course, and Auckland Museum editors at Wikimania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: Highlights from Wiki Heritage Fellowship and Policy Advocacy in Nigeria * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Wiki Loves Film – Collaboration with MakeDox Film Festival * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: WikiChełmoński: When Wikipedia Becomes a Guide in the Museum * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: BAM Hackathon, 3D for Cultural Heritage, Wiki Cite * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Working towards more image sharing * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wiknics * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: News on BHL transition and updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Steps towards a sustainable cultural commons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: A pivotal month * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Wikisource report|Wikisource report]]: Wikisource Reader app released on Google Play Store * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: September's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 18:25, 11 September 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=29253474 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': September 2025 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue IX, September 2025</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikipedia edit-a-thon at the Skampa Theater in Elbasan, Albania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Aruba report|Aruba report]]: Wikipedia on Aruba Initiative: Building Knowledge and Visibility * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: State Library Victoria WikiFest * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Make cultural heritage freely accessible, Hasselt's collections shine online & Let's give women a voice on Wikipedia! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Hidden heritage unveiled: science, history and nature on Wikimedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Wikimedia Commons birthday content donation * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Wikimedian in Residence at the Bioeconomy Science Institute & Wikiproject NZ Women in Architecture * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Expanding Access to Culture and Knowledge through Key Partnerships * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: WikiChełmoński: the Special Guided Tour at the National Museum in Krakow * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: GLAM Wiki 2025: Join the Conference Online and Explore Lisbon’s Culture * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: LibreABC, Feminist Voices, Grade Conference * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Awards season * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: September edit-a-thons & meetings * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: The Memory of the World wiki challenge * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: October's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 12:46, 9 Oktober 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=29409147 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': October 2025 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue X, October 2025</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: From a small language to Wikipedia's Biggest, Share Your Story with the Industry Museum and War Diaries * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Croatia report|Croatia report]]: Autumn activities * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: WikiCommon community meet-ups, Wikisource trainings, and the announcement of Grant for GLAM Indonesia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Open culture on stage * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Mexico report|Mexico report]]: How Wikimedia México is training cultural and government institutions as wikimedians. * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Open Topstukken project concludes; Network Archives Design and Digital Culture * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Granny's Wonderful Chair, Preparing for Auckland Museum Wiki Summer Students and an the ASBS Introductory Wiki Webinar * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: Report on Participation at the 12th International Youth Conference * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Promoting Open Data and Digital Commons in Culture and Research * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: GLAM Wiki Conference 2025 Wrap-Up * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: October in Wikimedia Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: DaSCHcon, 3D, Wiki GLAM conference * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: A look at Grokipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: October edit-a-thons & meetings * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: LivingData 2025, GLAMWiki and a "collector" Wikidata property proposal * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: International outreach * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Sustainable CultureConnect Project report|Sustainable CultureConnect Project report]]: Sustainable CultureConnect: Empowering Youth and Preserving Heritage through Open Knowledge and Leadership * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: November's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 11:29, 10 November 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=29516862 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': November 2025 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue XI, November 2025</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Call for volunteers, Computer's Day and upcoming events * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: Czech Radio and Wikimedia CZ launched cooperation * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Our Activities in November * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Wrap up of the 2025 GLAM call * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: ASBS 2025 Conference, a NZBSI Wikimedian in Residence update & Auckland Museum Summer Students * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Wikimedia MKD and Cultural Institutions: A Year of Growth, Content, and Collaboration * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: GLAM Wiki 2025 conference, WiR Meeting and the First National Institute of Museums Training on GLAM–Wiki * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: IT Wikicon, Faces and Masks, Matrimoine @ Genève * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Awards season- again! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: November edit-a-thons & meetings * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: Here to Help: The Next Stage of the Content Partnerships Hub * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Enriching the data set * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: December's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 04:21, 11 Desember 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=29692345 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': December 2025 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue XII, December 2025</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: Global GLAM Calls Continue in 2026 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikimedian in Residence, 2025, in Elbasan Albania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: Resume of the year * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: AMaGA partnership, signing the Open Heritage Statement and South Australian Museum Partner Project * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Public Domain Day 2026, Circus Heritage and Fosdem * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Preparándonos para celebrar el día del dominio público - Getting ready for the Public Domain Day celebration * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Exploring Italy and Unlocking Its Heritage: Touring Club Italiano and GLAM Call 2026–2028 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: ASBS 2025 Conference follow-up Wiki webinar & Auckland Museum student update * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Public Domain, Conferences, and Conversations on Open Culture * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: GLAM on Tour Bellinzona, Xmas Event, GLAM Wiki Group * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: 2025 in review * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: December meetings * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Public Domain Day report|Public Domain Day report]]: Public Domain Day 2026 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: 2025 in review * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: January's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 12:58, 12 Januarie 2026 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=29895284 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': January 2026 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue I, January 2026</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: Wikipedia at 25 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Aruba report|Aruba report]]: Pap-Wikipedia Turns 20: A Milestone for Papiamento/u Knowledge * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Celebrando el día del dominio público 2026/Celebrating the public domain day 2026 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/France report|France report]]: Wikipedia's Birthday in France * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: Gifted by our friends: Loads of presents for Wikipedia25 by German and Austrian GLAMs * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Activities in December-January * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Knowledge in action: Barindelli collection and Wikipedia 25 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Image donation Dutch Book History * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Auckland Museum Student Edit-a-thon, the NZBSI Wikimedian in Residence project, and other residencies * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: GLAM Program of Wikimedia MKD – 2026 Overview * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Explore Historic Portraits from the Museum of Photography in Kraków * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: January in Wikimedia Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Museum in Chiasso, Alpine Museum, Women Monuments * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Sharing more of the Enamels of the World * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Map the GLAM report|Map the GLAM report]]: Wiki and GLAM: Harnessing Knowledge to Foster Gender Equality * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Manuscripts on Arabic Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: Two key Wikidata Requests for Comments, relevant for future GLAM-Wiki work * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: February's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 08:34, 11 Februarie 2026 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=30055818 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': February 2026 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue II, February 2026</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: GLAM in 2026 is calling to action! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: A photo safari through Wiki Loves Fashion & a rescue mission with Mission Gourmande! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: National Library overview of 2025 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Cultural Heritage and Memory: 2026 GLAM Call and Executed Renaissance Edit-a-thon * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Farewelling the Auckland Museum Summer Students and an update on the NZBSI WiR * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Wikipedia in Cultural Marketing at Crash Mondays Warsaw * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: February in Wikimedia Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: Wikidata in the GLAM context II * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Neocomensia, SAPA, Atelier Winterthur, GLAM-on-Tour Disentis * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: New content in African and Asian languages * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Focus on Indigenous issues * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: March's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 00:52, 12 Maart 2026 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=30232291 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': March 2026 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue III, March 2026</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: GLAM in Equinox * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikigap 2026 in Tirana, Albania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Aruba report|Aruba report]]: Celebrating 20 Years of Papiamentu/o Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Bolivia report|Bolivia report]]: The Family Treasures Project Returns, with New GLAM Partners * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Wiki Loves Folklore Brazil defines six categories to represent Brazilian culture on Commons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Architecture in the public domain in libraries in Nariño/Arquitectura en dominio público en bibliotecas nariñenses * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: Main Wikimedian in Residence report for 2025 is here * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: Art History Loves Wiki 2026 – digital/local. collection loves wiki * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/India report|India report]]: Collaboration resumes with the British Library for Bangla Wikisource * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: 2026 winners projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: New Zealand Bioeconomy Science Institute Wikimedian in Residence update, a letter published in Nature & Architecture + Women NZ * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Wikimedia MKD's GLAM Highlights: Botany and Beyond * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: March in Portugal * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: March in Wikimedia Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Looking for similar images * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: GLAM Wiki Group, Donna, CoCreation PTT-Archive * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: CILIP MDG 2026 Conference, Library meetups and the World's Enamels * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Ukraine report|Ukraine report]]: Spring 2026 news from Ukraine – Wiki Loves Folklore & more #1Lib1Ref * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: MoMA's International Traveling Exhibitions and Wikidata on the LD4 Arts Affinity Group April Community Call * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHL-Wiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Oulu Löyly * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Indigenous languages on the Main Page * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: April's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 18:20, 9 April 2026 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=30344683 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': April 2026 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue IV, April 2026</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: How the GLAM Community Can Shine in the 2026–27 Annual Plan * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: International Roma Day 2026 in Tirana, Albania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: WikiConf Argentina and GLAM projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Asia report|Asia report]]: Documenting and citing oral knowledge in audio and video * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: WikiCon Australia, ICIP, Orphan works and Trans-Tasman partnerships * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Wikimedia Brasil publishes book on the power and challenges of free knowledge * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: We celebrate Public Domain Day with an expert panel / Celebramos el día del dominio público con un Panel de expertas * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Ongoing and New GLAM-Wiki Projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Women in Wartime event at Auckland Museum & an update for WiR NZBSI * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: Wikimedia Commons Upload Campaign * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Wikimedia MKD in Action: Digitization, Wikisource and Educational Workshops * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: GLAM-Wiki Developments: Residencies, Partnerships and Audiovisual Heritage * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: April in Wikimedia Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Le Donne di Villa Massimo * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: A tenth-century Quran and Islamic Art in Urdu * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wiki MIT launches and US meetups * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Update on the BHL Annual Meeting 27 April - 1 May & BHL Day * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Eight new articles on MoW inscriptions * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: May's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 13:51, 11 Mei 2026 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=30513880 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': May 2026 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue V, May 2026</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: May Global GLAM Call Recording and June Call Announcement * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Celebrating #1Lib1Ref Australasia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: GLAM Connection: Fashion, History, and Biodiversity in May * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/France report|France report]]: New Wikimedian in Residence * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Connecting the Arctic and Sicily through Wikimedia Projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Mexico report|Mexico report]]: How the cultural, governmental, educational, and museum sectors contributed in unison to Wikimedia projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Setting up your own platform (part 1): from wish to the creation of a wiki * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: ESEAP Conference 2026 and the NZBSI WiR update * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Wikimedia MKD Shares GLAM Experience at International Conferences * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Partnerships, Participation, and Open Knowledge * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: May in Wikimedia Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: El Prado en femenino III * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Museum for Communication, Panel IMD, Wikipedia Day * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Early Qurans on the front page of Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Special story|Special story]]: New tools for multilingual audio, video and metadata * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: New articles in Urdu * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: June's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 21:22, 12 Junie 2026 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=30636889 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': June 2026 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue VI, June 2026</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: Tools, tech, and Wikimania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: New digitization partner * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Bangladesh report|Bangladesh report]]: International Museum Day Edit-a-thon and Workshop held in Dinajpur, Bangladesh * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Postal Mission on Wikimedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Empowering Institutions through Wikisource Education and GLAM Capacity Building * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: Bridging the gap between labs and Wikipedia: continuing cooperation with FZU * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Egypt report|Egypt report]]: From Museum Celebrations to Archival Documentation * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Finland report|Finland report]]: Northern Wikimedist meetup in Oulu * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/France report|France report]]: #1lib1ref Recap and International Archives Week * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Heritage and Community Action * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Mexico report|Mexico report]]: Open GLAM in Puebla * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Interview with Olaf Janssen, Wikimedia coordinator of the KB, National library of the Netherlands * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: BAU at Auckland Museum, Otago Uni Library Life and the NZBSI WiR is complete * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Collaboration with the Botanical garden at the Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics in Skopje * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Poland Report: New Partnerships, Conferences, and Wikimedians in Residence * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Opening the Doors of Serbian Heritage: Wikimedia Serbia’s Recent GLAM and Wikidata Successes * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: GLAM Labs Futures 2026 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Finnish-Swedish cooperation * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Exhibition, International Archives Week Panel * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Ninth Good Article from Khalili partnership * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Philadelphia WikiSalon * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Is the sauna still hot? * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: New articles * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: July's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 22:35, 11 Julie 2026 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=30773577 --> 8fgwju2covxjtk05u5grwhjeo0rvlet 3 222624 2917045 2911048 2026-07-11T22:35:33Z MediaWiki message delivery 55541 /* This Month in GLAM: June 2026 */ nuwe afdeling 2917045 wikitext text/x-wiki == ''This Month in GLAM'': October 2018 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2018|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume VIII, Issue X, October 2018</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2018/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Erbstuecke edit-a-thon; Women in Tech edit-a-thon; Wiki Club Brussels; Wikidata workshop + party * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2018/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: "There is no reason not to participate in a GLAM-Wiki initiative": an interview with the director of the Museum of Veterinary Anatomy * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2018/Contents/Estonia report|Estonia report]]: Estonian art and geoscience collections finding their way to Commons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2018/Contents/Finland report|Finland report]]: (RE)Photographic autumn * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2018/Contents/France report|France report]]: GLAMWiki 2018 Tel Aviv; City of Grenoble * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2018/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: GLAMorous Conferences * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2018/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: ‘More Gelders Heritage available via Wikimedia’ by Erfgoed Gelderland; Writing week Friesland; Wiki Techstorm * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2018/Contents/Norway report|Norway report]]: Wiki Loves Monuments and wikinobel * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2018/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Heirlooms - locally and internationally * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2018/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: The growing GLAM * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2018/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Roundtripping Project, Books Import and Wikidata Imported to SOCH * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2018/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Built heritage conservation on Commons; les sans pagEs at a Modern art museum * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2018/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Wikidata in Oxford * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2018/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wikiconference North America Culture Crawl * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2018/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Documentation survey, Structured Data on Commons consultations, blog posts and conferences * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2018/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: November's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2018/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 08:16, 9 November 2018 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=18578169 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': November 2018 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2018|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume VIII, Issue XI, November 2018</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2018/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wiki Photo Walk Albania 2018; Wiki Loves Monuments Albania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2018/Contents/Armenia report|Armenia report]]: Singing Wikipedia; Photographs by Vahan Kochar * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2018/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Diverse milestones for the Brazilian community * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2018/Contents/Denmark report|Denmark report]]: Intercontinental digitisation efforts * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2018/Contents/Estonia report|Estonia report]]: Making contacts both internationally and in Estonia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2018/Contents/Finland report|Finland report]]: Art and edit-a-thons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2018/Contents/France report|France report]]: Bibliothèque publique d’information; 3D museum collections on Wikimedia Commons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2018/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Conserving and digitizing texts in West Sumatra * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2018/Contents/Macedonia report|Macedonia report]]: Wiki Training at National and University Library "St. Clement of Ohrid" * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2018/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Equity, Wikidata, and the New York Times * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2018/Contents/Norway report|Norway report]]: Collaboration with The National Archives of Norway * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2018/Contents/Philippines report|Philippines report]]: Wiki Loves Art * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2018/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Archival image uploads, student collaborations and international projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2018/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Photo finish of the WIR's * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2018/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: The Swedish Performing Arts Agency; Library data starts to take shape; Learning Wikipedia at the Archives; Wikimedia Commons Data Roundtripping * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2018/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Sum of All Astrolabes * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2018/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wikidata Workshop at Pratt School of Information; Wikidata Presentation for the New York Technical Services Librarians; Wikipedia Asian Month; Cleveland Park Wikipedia Edit-a-thon; Historic Ivy Hill Cemetery Workshop * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2018/Contents/Wikipedia Library report|Wikipedia Library report]]: Books & Bytes–Issue 31, October–November 2018 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2018/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Welcoming Satdeep Gill; Structured Data on Commons; WikiCite * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2018/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: December's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2018/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 05:56, 11 Desember 2018 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=18702767 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': December 2018 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2018|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume VIII, Issue XII, December 2018</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2018/Contents/Armenia report|Armenia report]]: Cooperation with Yerevan Drama Theatre Named After Hrachia Ghaplanian; Singing Wikipedia (continuation); Photographs by Vahan Kochar (continuation) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2018/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: 2019 Australia's Year of the Public Domain * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2018/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Writing weeks German-speaking Community; End of year drink; Wiki Loves Heritage photo contest * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2018/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Google Art and GLAM initiatives in Brazil * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2018/Contents/India report|India report]]: Collaboration with RJVD Municipal Public Library * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2018/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Challenges and alliances with libraries, WLM and more * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2018/Contents/Macedonia report|Macedonia report]]: Exhibition:"Poland through photographs" & Wikipedia lectures with children in social risk * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2018/Contents/Malaysia report|Malaysia report]]: Technology Talk and Update on Wikipedia @ National Library of Malaysia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2018/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: Glam Days '18 at the National Library of Portugal * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2018/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Hats 🎩🧢👒🎓 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2018/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Oxford * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2018/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Holiday gatherings and visit to Internet Archive * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2018/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: Wikidata reports * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2018/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons: pilot projects and multilingual captions * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2018/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: January's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2018/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 19:58, 10 Januarie 2019 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=18771797 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': January 2019 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2019|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume IX, Issue I, January 2019</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2019/Contents/Armenia report|Armenia report]]: Photographs by Vahan Kochar (continuation) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2019/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Public domain day edit-a-thon; Hack The Gender Gap edit-a-thon * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2019/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: GLAM Wiki at the Digital Collections Conference and new partnership with Casa de Rui Barbosa * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2019/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: First report from GLAM in Wikimedia Colombia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2019/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: Prachatice Museum * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2019/Contents/France report|France report]]: #1lib1ref; Museum of Brittany * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2019/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Indonesian Wikisource meetup; more documents from Museum Tamansiswa * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2019/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Celebrating Wikipedia and remembering the Holocaust * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2019/Contents/Norway report|Norway report]]: Diversity in Glam projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2019/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: GLAM Winter in Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2019/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Hackathon with the National Library of Sweden * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2019/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Wales and Oxford * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2019/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Snowdays/Shutdowns but Lots of Open Access * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2019/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: New year, new newsletter format * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2019/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2019/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: February's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2019/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 13:59, 9 Februarie 2019 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=18863115 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': February 2019 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2019|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume IX, Issue II, February 2019</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2019/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Gjirokastra reads about Musinenë * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2019/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: International Digital Curation Conference 2019 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2019/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Wiki Loves Heritage; Wikipedian in Residence at the King Baudouin Foundation * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2019/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: "Our experience with Wikimedians has brought collaborative principles of Wikipedia to our work with archival curation": an interview with the coordinator of the GLAM-Wiki initiative with the Brazilian National Archives * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2019/Contents/Canada report|Canada report]]: Canada report * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2019/Contents/Côte d'Ivoire report|Côte d'Ivoire report]]: Improving 135 articles during #1Lib1Ref at the Goethe-Institut * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2019/Contents/Denmark report|Denmark report]]: Mass uploading and educational materials * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2019/Contents/France report|France report]]: Cinémathèque de Grenoble * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2019/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Regional coordinators and Wikidata * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2019/Contents/Mexico report|Mexico report]]: Wiki Loves Mexico, Editathon at Museo Nacional de Historia and Art and Feminism * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2019/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: January - February 2019 activities: Public Domain Day, Wiki Goes Caribbean, Wiki Fridays, Wikimedians in Residence * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2019/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Art, feminism, rituals and historical portraits * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2019/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Domination of librarians * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2019/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: More Library cooperation * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2019/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Professional day «GLAM & Wikimedia: review of projects in Switzerland and perspectives with Wikidata (2019)» * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2019/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Teaching SPARQL with Wikidata * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2019/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Black History Month, Wikidata Game & Women's History Month * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2019/Contents/Special story|Special story]]: Wikimedia Commons Data Roundtripping * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2019/Contents/Wikipedia Library report|Wikipedia Library report]]: Books & Bytes–Issue 32, January–February 2019 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2019/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: Wired for Sound * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2019/Contents/Wikimedia and Libraries User Group report|Wikimedia and Libraries User Group report]]: Steering committee election 2019 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2019/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Structured Data on Commons: GLAM pilots; Wikimania 2019 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2019/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: March's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2019/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 07:55, 8 Maart 2019 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=18917724 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': March 2019 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2019|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume IX, Issue III, March 2019</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2019/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: WikiFilmat SQ - new articles about the Albanian movie industry! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2019/Contents/Armenia report|Armenia report]]: Art+Feminism+GLAM, Collaboration with Hovhannes Toumanian museum * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2019/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Art+Feminism 2019 in Australia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2019/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: The GLAM at USP Museum of Veterinary Anatomy: a history of learnings and improvements * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2019/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Moving GLAM institutions inside and outside Colombia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2019/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: Edit-a-thon Prachatice * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2019/Contents/France report|France report]]: Wiki day at the Institut national d'histoire de l'art; Age of wiki at the Musée Saint-Raymond * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2019/Contents/India report|India report]]: Gujarat Vishw Kosh Trust content donation to Wikimedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2019/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Italian librarians in Milan * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2019/Contents/Macedonia report|Macedonia report]]: WikiLeague: Edit-a-thon on German Literature * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2019/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: WikiconNL, International Womens Day and working together with Amnesty, Field study Dutch Libraries and Wikimedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2019/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Spring residences and a wiki competition * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2019/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: UNESCO; Working life museums; Swedish Performing Arts Agency shares historic music; Upload of glass plates photographs * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2019/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Wiki-people and Wiki-museum-data * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2019/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Women's History Month and The Met has two Wikimedians in the house * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2019/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: Go Siobhan! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2019/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons; Bengali Wikisource case study * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2019/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: April's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2019/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 20:50, 8 April 2019 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=18985903 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': April 2019 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2019|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume IX, Issue IV, April 2019</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2019/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Museum of Kosovo * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2019/Contents/Armenia report|Armenia report]]: Collaboration with Hovhannes Toumanian museum; Art+Feminism+GLAM * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2019/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Research activity and GLAM-Wiki initiatives * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2019/Contents/Côte d'Ivoire report|Côte d'Ivoire report]]: Edit-a-thon with 15 librarians and ICT professionals, and a new Wikiclub * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2019/Contents/France report|France report]]: Nancy Museums * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2019/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Wikisource meetup and letter translations * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2019/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: All over Italy * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2019/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: The Near East: from Leiden to Wikipedia; Wikipedia Workshop at Zeeuws Museum; Wiki Goes Caribbean * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2019/Contents/Norway report|Norway report]]: Oslo Freedom Forum, Riddu Riđđu, and Márkomeannu * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2019/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Outcomes of A+F, new uploads, GLAM conference * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2019/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Serbian Ministry of Culture supporting GLAM * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2019/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: Edit-a-thons in Madrid and Brasilia, Wiki Loves Falles and Club Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2019/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: FindingGLAMs; Sheet music from Musikverket; The first pilot of the Wikimedia Commons Data Roundtripping project is out!; Digikult * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2019/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Wikidata and Oxford GLAMs * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2019/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Women's History * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2019/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: Upcoming releases, and GLAM pilot projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2019/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: Just call us u4 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2019/Contents/Wikimania report|Wikimania report]]: Updates on the Wikimania conference in Stockholm (Aug 14–18) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2019/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: OpenGLAM Principles, ARL and Wikidata, CC Summit * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2019/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: May's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2019/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 06:49, 9 Mei 2019 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=19078967 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': May 2019 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2019|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume IX, Issue V, May 2019</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2019/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: Your help is needed * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2019/Contents/Armenia report|Armenia report]]: Cooperation with Central Bank of Armenia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2019/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Festivals of history, heritage and #1Lib1Ref * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2019/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Full catalog of Impressionist painter Eliseu Visconti into Wikidata and Commons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2019/Contents/Canada report|Canada report]]: New partnership with Library and Archives Canada, and a GLAM Wiki Summit in Toronto * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2019/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Free Software Festival * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2019/Contents/Finland report|Finland report]]: Starting to work with the Saami languages * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2019/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: More Kajawen on Commons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2019/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Open air, artistic and historical edit-a-thons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2019/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: WikiScout * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2019/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: 30 years on: Free elections, free market * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2019/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Wikipedian in Residence at Serbian National Theatre * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2019/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: International Museum Day and FESABID19 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2019/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Runic Recordings * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2019/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Data Week and Data Joy * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2019/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Asian Pacific American History Month * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2019/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: Updates on development; GLAM pilot projects; Wikimania Hackathon with GLAM focus are * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2019/Contents/Wikipedia Library report|Wikipedia Library report]]: Books & Bytes–Issue 33, March–April 2019 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2019/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: Library of Congress recognition; Hackathon results * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2019/Contents/Wikimedia and Libraries User Group report|Wikimedia and Libraries User Group report]]: Hangout with Wikimedia and Libraries User Group * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2019/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Creative Commons Global Summit 2019 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2019/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: June's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2019/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 01:19, 9 Junie 2019 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=19113678 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': June 2019 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2019|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume IX, Issue VI, June 2019</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2019/Contents/Armenia report|Armenia report]]: Third round of cooperation with Hovhannes Toumanian Museum * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2019/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Toodyaypedia, City of Canning, WoW2019, and the Pilbara * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2019/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Partnership with Football Museum brings visibility to entries about women’s soccer on Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2019/Contents/Côte d'Ivoire report|Côte d'Ivoire report]]: #1Lib1Ref edit-athons and restrospective of +190 articles improved * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2019/Contents/France report|France report]]: Regular workshops * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2019/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Introduction to Wikimedia Commons and Structured data * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2019/Contents/Mexico report|Mexico report]]: Wiki Loves Mexico * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2019/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Image donation; Wiki goes Caribbean meeting on slavery and plantations in Suriname; Dutch open public library data; Field study collaboration Wikimedia and Libraries * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2019/Contents/Norway report|Norway report]]: The International Year of Indigenous Languages 2019 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2019/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Documentary photographs from National Archives and WikiPlato * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2019/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Continuation of residences * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2019/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Wikidata imports; Data roundtripping project * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2019/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Oxford and Coventry Updates * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2019/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: LGBTQ+ Pride * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2019/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: Development updates; GLAM focus area at the Wikimania Hackathon * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2019/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: Want new tools? We've got 'em! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2019/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: July's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2019/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 23:54, 9 Julie 2019 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=19157272 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': July 2019 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2019|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume IX, Issue VII, July 2019</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2019/Contents/Armenia report|Armenia report]]: Members of the National Assembly of Armenia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2019/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Staying warm over winter * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2019/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: Heidelberg symposium * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2019/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Cultural Gardener Summer Project in Indonesia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2019/Contents/Ireland report|Ireland report]]: Collaboration with the PhotoIreland Foundation * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2019/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Archeology in alpine valleys * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2019/Contents/Norway report|Norway report]]: Sámi place names – collaboration with the Sámi Várdobáiki Language Center * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2019/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: More bibliographic data on Wikidata; National Library of Sweden; GLAM activities Wikimania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2019/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Oxford and Coventry Updates * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2019/Contents/Uganda report|Uganda report]]: #1Lib1Ref Uganda 2019 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2019/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Summer meetups and Picnics * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2019/Contents/Map the GLAM report|Map the GLAM report]]: Visualising the status and the spread of a cultural collection in Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2019/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: Other statements; Wikimania; blog posts on SDC * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2019/Contents/Wikipedia Library report|Wikipedia Library report]]: Books & Bytes–Issue 34, May–June 2019 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2019/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: I ain't no square with my corkscrew hair * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2019/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: OpenGLAM, Wikimania and Structured Commons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2019/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: August's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2019/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 08:20, 10 Augustus 2019 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=19268956 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': August 2019 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2019|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume IX, Issue VIII, August 2019</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2019/Contents/Côte d'Ivoire report|Côte d'Ivoire report]]: Strategic salon around GLAM perspectives * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2019/Contents/Finland report|Finland report]]: Continuing our work with the Saami communities * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2019/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Digitization of banknotes and introduction to structured data on Commons (continued) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2019/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Wikidata map making workshop * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2019/Contents/Norway report|Norway report]]: Women in Red: collaboration with The National Library in Norway and Oslo Metropolitan University * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2019/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: GLAM communities of practice; Problematic data * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2019/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: New and old collaborations * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2019/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wikimania 2019 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2019/Contents/Special story|Special story]]: Wikimania GLAM * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2019/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: Recent presentations, workshops and blog posts * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2019/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: Work for us, or just tell us what you think of us * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2019/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Updates on OpenGLAM * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2019/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: September's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2019/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 07:20, 11 September 2019 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=19359039 --> == Skryfweek Maandag, 23 September 2019 – Sondag, 29 September 2019 == Hallo, LiebeB, onthou asb. om onderwerpe te nomineer vir volgende week se [[Wikipedia:Skryfweek|skryfweek!]] [[Namibië]] loop tans voor, met [[Indonesië]] in die tweede plek! –&nbsp;[[Gebruiker:K175|K175]]&nbsp;([[Gebruikerbespreking:K175|gesels&nbsp;met&nbsp;my]]&nbsp;|&nbsp;[[Spesiaal:Bydraes/K175|my&nbsp;bydraes]]) 16:47, 22 September 2019 (UTC) == ''This Month in GLAM'': September 2019 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2019|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume IX, Issue IX, September 2019</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2019/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: The GLAM team from Wikimedia Colombia in OpenConLatAm * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2019/Contents/Finland report|Finland report]]: Photographs and events * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2019/Contents/France report|France report]]: European Heritage Days * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2019/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Image donation by Indonesian Air Force * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2019/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Wikimedia Italia Summer School * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2019/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Open cultural heritage; More libraries in Africa on Wikidata; Global MIL Week 2019 Feature Conference; Kulturhistoria som gymnasiearbete; Wiki Loves Monuments * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2019/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Oxford, Khalili Collections and Endangered Archives * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2019/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Hispanic Heritage and Disability Awareness Month * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2019/Contents/Special story|Special story]]: Help the Movement Learn about Content Campaigns & Supporting newcomers in Wikidata training courses! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2019/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: Tie a knot in your handkerchief * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2019/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: GLAM Manager Role Announced! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2019/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: October's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2019/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 17:32, 8 Oktober 2019 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=19436590 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': October 2019 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2019|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume IX, Issue X, October 2019</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2019/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: WikiD at the Design Museum * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2019/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Wikimedia Colombia in Argentinean event * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2019/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: Wikipedia Week of Libraries in Broumov * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2019/Contents/Estonia report|Estonia report]]: Nordic cooperation + Wikisource + library information * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2019/Contents/Finland report|Finland report]]: Collaborative histories * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2019/Contents/France report|France report]]: GLAM working group at WMFr; Partnership with AAF * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2019/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Numismatic items from Sumatran Numismatic Museum * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2019/Contents/Malaysia report|Malaysia report]]: Wikipedia Penang Meetup 2 @ Tuanku Fauziah Museum and Gallery, University of Science Malaysia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2019/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Share Your Data master classes for GLAMs; New project manager WMNL; Images from Africa * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2019/Contents/Norway report|Norway report]]: Radio Cinema at the National Library in Oslo * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2019/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Nordic Museum publications on Wikidata and Commons; Wikipedia training in Härnösand; Open cultural heritage data in focus in Visby * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2019/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Khalili; Museums + Tech; Oxford WIR placement ends * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2019/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Spooky Autumn meetups * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2019/Contents/Special story|Special story]]: #WikiForHumanRights * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2019/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: Getting started, Tool highlights, Blog posts and presentations about SDC * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2019/Contents/Wikipedia Library report|Wikipedia Library report]]: Books & Bytes–Issue 35, July–August 2019 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2019/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: We Are Seven * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2019/Contents/Wikimedia and Libraries User Group report|Wikimedia and Libraries User Group report]]: October 16th meeting minutes * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2019/Contents/Wikisource report|Wikisource report]]: Community Wishlist Survey 2020 and Wiki Advanced Training 2019 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2019/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: 1Lib1Ref, Wikimedia Sweden Research and other updates * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2019/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: November's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2019/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 09:01, 12 November 2019 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=19505891 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': November 2019 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2019|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume IX, Issue XI, November 2019</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2019/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Wiki Loves Monuments * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2019/Contents/Finland report|Finland report]]: Combining the old and the new * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2019/Contents/France report|France report]]: Wikimedia training workshops; Conference in the city of Arles * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2019/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: IHLIA starts monthly Wikipedia writing sessions, Wiki Techstorm 2019 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2019/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Wellington talks and edit-a-thons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2019/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Transgressing the boundaries of internal academic discourse * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2019/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Minor grants and Library training * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2019/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: A busy conference season, a new Caribbean community and introducing a tool for adding artwork metadata * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2019/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: Continued development, documentation, and blog posts * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2019/Contents/Wikipedia Library report|Wikipedia Library report]]: Books & Bytes-Issue 36, September–October 2019 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2019/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: Research published * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2019/Contents/Wikisource report|Wikisource report]]: Results of Community Wishlist Survey 2020 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2019/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: December's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2019/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 14:04, 10 Desember 2019 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=19624126 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': December 2019 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2019|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume IX, Issue XII, December 2019</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2019/Contents/Armenia report|Armenia report]]: GLAM+Wikidata Collaboration between Armenia and Albania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2019/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: Edit-a-thon Prachatice 2 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2019/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: Transitional Justice edit-a-thon held in Prishtina * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2019/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: A Wikipedian in Residence and a Wikipedian writes * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2019/Contents/Norway report|Norway report]]: Plaintext Wikipedia dumps for the National Library * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2019/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Swedish Performing Arts Agency; Bibliographic data about Swedish periodicals * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2019/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: White Elephant; WikiWednesday Salon; Cascadia Wikimedians annual meeting * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2019/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: New blog posts * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2019/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: Job vacancies and item 80 million * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2019/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Mapping GLAM-Wiki collaborations * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2019/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: January's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2019/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 16:24, 11 Januarie 2020 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=19644376 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': January 2020 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2020|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume X, Issue I, January 2020</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2020/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Burning * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2020/Contents/Finland report|Finland report]]: Wikiviews from Benin: Wikipedia in the Tower of Babel * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2020/Contents/France report|France report]]: Paris musées; Bibliothèque Sainte Geneviève * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2020/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: 1st PD Day in Indonesia; visitation to GLAM institutions * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2020/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Brand new and old faithful wikimedian in residence! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2020/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Macrons and museums * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2020/Contents/Norway report|Norway report]]: Sámi cultural heritage * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2020/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: FindingGLAMs Challenge; Art by Edvard Munch from the Thiel Gallery; More European archives on Wikidata; OpenGLAM now! – watch the presentations; Wikipedia in Libraries * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2020/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Wikidata for Libraries Hackday Series * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2020/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Knowledge Graphs and Meetups * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2020/Contents/Special story|Special story]]: New Book * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2020/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: February's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2020/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 19:29, 10 Februarie 2020 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=19782286 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': February 2020 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2020|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume X, Issue II, February 2020</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2020/Contents/Armenia report|Armenia report]]: Wiki project on Museums with My Armenia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2020/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Moreira Salles Institute GLAM initiative in Brazil * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2020/Contents/Finland report|Finland report]]: The Helsinki then and now exhibition * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2020/Contents/France report|France report]]: GLAM related blogposts * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2020/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Proposing collaboration with museums in Bali; First Wikisource training in the region * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2020/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Students write articles about Media artists, Public Domain Day 2020, Wiki Goes Caribbean, WikiFridays at Ihlia - Wikimedia Nederland in January & February 2020 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2020/Contents/Norway report|Norway report]]: Wikipedia editing workshop with the Norwegian Network for Museums * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2020/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Great dedication of librarians * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2020/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Historic photos; Support for international Wikimedia community; Library training tour; Many GLAMs improved on Wikidata * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2020/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Kimonos and Khalili * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2020/Contents/Ukraine report|Ukraine report]]: Winning photos Wiki Loves Monuments shown in different cities; Libraries Lead an All-Ukrainian Challenge * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2020/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Black History Month and Open Access Anniversaries * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2020/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: Summary of pilot projects, and what's next * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2020/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: Leap into Wikidata! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2020/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: New Team Leadership, GLAM-Focused Grants Review, OpenGLAM Declaration Research * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2020/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: March's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2020/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 02:02, 10 Maart 2020 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=19882815 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': March 2020 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2020|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume X, Issue III, March 2020</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2020/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Know My Name; Public libraries of Queensland join Wikidata * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2020/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Gender gap, Wikipedia and Libraries from the GLAM team * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2020/Contents/France report|France report]]: WikiGoths; WikiTopia Archives * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2020/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Volunteers' meet-up; Wiki Cinta Budaya 2020 structured data edit-a-thon * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2020/Contents/Ireland report|Ireland report]]: Video tutorials; Celtic Knot Conference 2020 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2020/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: WoALUG and NGO Germin call Albanian Diaspora to contribute to Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2020/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Nationaal Museum van Wereldculturen contributes to Wikimedia Commons again; Student research on GLAM-Wiki at Erasmus University Rotterdam * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2020/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: March Highlights - Everything is postponed * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2020/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: FindingGLAMs; Wikipedia in libraries; Art from the Thiel Gallery Collections; Kulturhistoria som gymnasiearbete * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2020/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Colourful Kimonos from Khalili * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2020/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Women & Editing in the time of virus * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2020/Contents/Special story|Special story]]: COVID-19 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2020/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: Lockdown Levellings * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2020/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Mapping GLAM-Wiki collaborations * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2020/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: April's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2020/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 08:24, 9 April 2020 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=19949739 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': April 2020 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2020|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume X, Issue IV, April 2020</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2020/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: GLAMce at Museu Paulista: making things machine-readable * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2020/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: WikiGap 2020 in Czech Republic; International event; support for Wikimedia community; edit-a-thon run with the US embassy and the Swedish Embassy * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2020/Contents/France report|France report]]: Association des Archivistes Francais; Palladia, a museum collection portal based on Wikimedia resources * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2020/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Wikisource Competition 2020 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2020/Contents/Ireland report|Ireland report]]: Hunt Museum image donation; Livesteaming and video demonstrations * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2020/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Archivio Ricordi, webinars and videos * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2020/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: One Village, One Article for each village in Albania and Kosovo * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2020/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Photo collections Afrika-Studiecentrum Leiden; meetup and media donations for Wiki goes Caribbean; first online WikiFriday * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2020/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Skrivstuga (edit-a-thon) online – Wikipedia in libraries * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2020/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: More women on Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2020/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Japanese silk and Spanish iron * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2020/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Earth Day * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2020/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: Seven Million People Can't Be Wrong * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2020/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: May's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2020/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 15:49, 11 Mei 2020 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=20062053 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': May 2020 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2020|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume X, Issue V, May 2020</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2020/Contents/Armenia report|Armenia report]]: Edit-a-thon dedicated to International Museum Day * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2020/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: A #1Lib1Ref to close the gender gap * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2020/Contents/Côte d'Ivoire report|Côte d'Ivoire report]]: #1Lib1Ref 2020 from 26 to 28 May in Côte d'Ivoire * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2020/Contents/France report|France report]]: WikiArchives; IMD 2020: Cross-Chapter Collaboration * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2020/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Wikisource Competition 2020 recap; International Museum Day 2020 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2020/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: New collaborations and contents! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2020/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Analysis of Dutch GLAM-Wiki projects in relation to the Dutch Digital Heritage Reference Architecture, Content donation from Utrecht Archives, Detecting Wikipedia articles strongly based on single library collections and Collection highlights of the KB * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2020/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Free music on Wikipedia; NHB webinars; Wikipedia in libraries – Projekt HBTQI * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2020/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: International Museum Day 2020 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2020/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Japanese art * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2020/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Workshops & COVID-19 Symposium * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2020/Contents/Special story|Special story]]: Content partnership category - your help is needed * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2020/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: GLAM metadata standards and Wikimedia projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2020/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: June's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2020/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 17:21, 10 Junie 2020 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=20155977 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': June 2020 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2020|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume X, Issue VI, June 2020</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2020/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikigap 2020 in Albania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2020/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Taking training online * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2020/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Wikimedia in Brazil in times of pandemics * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2020/Contents/France report|France report]]: Association des archivistes français * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2020/Contents/Mexico report|Mexico report]]: México free and diverse representation * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2020/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Wiki goes Caribbean meetup and media donation & Making references to Dutch newspapers in Wikipedia more sustainable * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2020/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: More than 130 new articles about insects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2020/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: June Highlights - Let’s make new agreements * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2020/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Free music on Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2020/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Diversity in GLAM Program * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2020/Contents/Taiwan report|Taiwan report]]: Research Case of the White Paper Cooperation Writing Between Taiwan Gallery and Wikidata Taiwan * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2020/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: New project on Islamic art * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2020/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Juneteenth2020 +Pride * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2020/Contents/Special story|Special story]]: Creative Commons invites Open GLAM stories from underrepresented communities * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2020/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Departure of Sandra Fauconnier * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2020/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: July's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2020/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 15:57, 10 Julie 2020 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=20268385 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': July 2020 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2020|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume X, Issue VII, July 2020</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2020/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikimedia CEE Spring 2020 in Albania and Kosova * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2020/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: New WikiClub and Australian GLAM Research * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2020/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Important records of Brazilian history: images, metadata and edit-a-thons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2020/Contents/Finland report|Finland report]]: Rephotography walks during the pandemic * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2020/Contents/France report|France report]]: Bibliothèque Sainte Geneviève * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2020/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: Hacking the Arts * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2020/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: October history month East-West, Pictures as a legacy to the world & Photos of Mali * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2020/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Wikimedia Serbia is working on new activities * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2020/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: More Swedish music – of all sorts * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2020/Contents/Uganda report|Uganda report]]: Sensitisation of GLAM institutions in Uganda * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2020/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: The effect of a Commons Picture of the Day * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2020/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: AfroCROWD, AAPB, Philadelphia, Smithsonian * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2020/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: August's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2020/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 05:40, 12 Augustus 2020 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=20342708 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': August 2020 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2020|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume X, Issue VIII, August 2020</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2020/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikivoyage edit-a-thon - Editing Albania and Kosovo’s travel destinations * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2020/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Open innovation and dissemination activities: wrapping up great achievements on a major GLAM in Brazil * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2020/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: First Prague Wiki Editathon held in Prague * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2020/Contents/Estonia report|Estonia report]]: Virtual exhibition about Polish-Estonian relations. Rephotography and cultural heritage * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2020/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: KulTour in Swabia and 8000 documents new online * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2020/Contents/India report|India report]]: Utilising Occasion for Content donation: A story * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2020/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: WMIN & WMNL collaboration & Japanese propaganda films * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2020/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Enriching Wiki projects in different ways * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2020/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Free music and new recordings of songs in the public domain; Autumn in the libraries; Yes, you can hack the heritage this year – online! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2020/Contents/Uganda report|Uganda report]]: Participating in the African Librarians Week (24-30 May 2020) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2020/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Spanish metal and ... * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2020/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wiknic & Black Artists Matter & Respect Her Crank * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2020/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Wikipedia Library, new WikiCite grant programs, and GLAM office hours * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2020/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: September's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2020/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 21:10, 11 September 2020 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=20437068 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': September 2020 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2020|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume X, Issue IX, September 2020</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2020/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Wikidata birthday celebrations, Wiki Loves Monuments, new partnerships and more! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2020/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: GLAM and virtual education * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2020/Contents/France report|France report]]: AAF training course; Workshops in Strasbourg; European Heritage Days: Rennes; Wiki Loves Monuments * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2020/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: Ahoy! Wikipedians set sail to document the reality of modern seafaring * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2020/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: New GLAM partnerships on data donation; Commons structured data edit-a-thon * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2020/Contents/Norway report|Norway report]]: Students taking on GLAM Wiki women in red * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2020/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Musikverket: more folk music and photos; Hack for Heritage 2020; Wiki Loves Monuments; Wikipedia in the libraries; Digital Book Fair on Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2020/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: National Lottery; Khalili Collections * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2020/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Virtual events MetFashion, 19SuffrageStories, WikiCari Festival and more * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2020/Contents/Open Access report|Open Access report]]: New publication about access to digitised cultural heritage * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2020/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Launching Wikisource Pagelist Widget * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2020/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: ctober's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2020/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 02:44, 13 Oktober 2020 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=20528305 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': October 2020 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2020|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume X, Issue X, October 2020</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2020/Contents/AfLIA Wikipedia in African Libraries report|AfLIA Wikipedia in African Libraries report]]: Wikipedia in African Libraries Project * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2020/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Abre-te Código hackathon, Wikidata related events and news from our partners * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2020/Contents/Finland report|Finland report]]: Postponed Hack4FI GLAM hackathon turned into an online global Hack4OpenGLAM * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2020/Contents/France report|France report]]: Partnership with BNU Strasbourg * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2020/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: Coding da Vinci cultural data hackathon heads to Lower Saxony * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2020/Contents/India report|India report]]: Mapping GLAM in Maharashtra, India * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2020/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Bulan Sejarah Indonesia 2.0; Structured data edit-a-thon; Proofreading mini contest * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2020/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: National History Month: East to West, Dutch libraries and Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2020/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: West Coast Wikipedian at Large * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2020/Contents/Norway report|Norway report]]: The Sámi Languages on wiki * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2020/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Many activities are in our way * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2020/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Librarians learn about Wikidata; More Swedish literature on Wikidata; Online Edit-a-thon Dalarna; Applications to the Swedish Innovation Agency; Kulturhistoria som gymnasiearbete; Librarians and Projekt HBTQI; GLAM Statistical Tool * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2020/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Enamels of the World * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2020/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: American Archive of Public Broadcasting; Smithsonian Women in Finance Edit-a-thon; Black Lunch Table; San Diego/October 2020; WikiWednesday Salon * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2020/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: November's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2020/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 22:37, 11 November 2020 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=20644673 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': November 2020 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2020|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume X, Issue XI, November 2020</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2020/Contents/AfLIA Wikipedia in African Libraries report|AfLIA Wikipedia in African Libraries report]]: Launch of Wikipedia in African Libraries Project Pilot Cohort * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2020/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Accessibility through audio descriptions, GLAM tutorials, WikidataCon 2021 and more updates on Brazilian GLAMs * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2020/Contents/Canada report|Canada report]]: Taking a tour of CAPACOA workshops and some recent example sets from commons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2020/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: German symphony orchestra releases audio samples under free license * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2020/Contents/India report|India report]]: Re-licensing of content on water & rivers in India * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2020/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: #WikiSejarah WPWP Campaign * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2020/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Wikipedia and Education, Funding granted for two projects in 2021, KB completes collection highlights project * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2020/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: GLAM in Serbia makes important steps in the digitization of cultural heritage * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2020/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: Edit-a-thons on women scientists and painters * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2020/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Music, UNESCO and Wikidata * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2020/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Hundreds of Khalili images * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2020/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Black Lunch Table & Museum Computer Network * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2020/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: December's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2020/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 14:29, 11 Desember 2020 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=20736167 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': December 2020 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2020|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume X, Issue XII, December 2020</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2020/Contents/AfLIA Wikipedia in African Libraries report|AfLIA Wikipedia in African Libraries report]]: Wrap up of the Wikipedia in African Libraries project pilot cohort * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2020/Contents/Canada report|Canada report]]: Branding Toolkit released by the Canadian Museums Association for GLAMs * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2020/Contents/Finland report|Finland report]]: Hundreds of thousands of new photos released * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2020/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: The Karl-Preusker-Medal 2020 goes to Wikimedia Deutschland e. V. * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2020/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Documentation of workflows for the ingestion of bibliographic data into Wikidata; Wikipedia & Africa: Why contributing to Wikipedia matters * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2020/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Māori Women Weavers Edit-a-thon * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2020/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: GLAMorous end of 2020 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2020/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Wiki Loves Monuments submissions livestreamed; Nordiska museet uploads; Sjung med oss, Mamma! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2020/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Wales, Women in Leeds, and the Hajj * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2020/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: WikiConference North America and Salons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2020/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: The GLAM & Culture office hours * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2020/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: January's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2020/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 11:42, 12 Januarie 2021 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=20941536 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': December 2020 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2020|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume X, Issue XII, December 2020</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2020/Contents/AfLIA Wikipedia in African Libraries report|AfLIA Wikipedia in African Libraries report]]: Wrap up of the Wikipedia in African Libraries project pilot cohort * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2020/Contents/Canada report|Canada report]]: Branding Toolkit released by the Canadian Museums Association for GLAMs * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2020/Contents/Finland report|Finland report]]: Hundreds of thousands of new photos released * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2020/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: The Karl-Preusker-Medal 2020 goes to Wikimedia Deutschland e. V. * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2020/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Documentation of workflows for the ingestion of bibliographic data into Wikidata; Wikipedia & Africa: Why contributing to Wikipedia matters * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2020/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Māori Women Weavers Edit-a-thon * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2020/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: GLAMorous end of 2020 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2020/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Wiki Loves Monuments submissions livestreamed; Nordiska museet uploads; Sjung med oss, Mamma! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2020/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Wales, Women in Leeds, and the Hajj * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2020/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: WikiConference North America and Salons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2020/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: The GLAM & Culture office hours * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2020/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: January's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2020/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 14:32, 12 Januarie 2021 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=20941536 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': January 2021 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2021|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XI, Issue I, January 2021</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2021/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: The Public Domain Tool; Data Donations; Wiki Loves Heritage Belgium 2020 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2021/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Heading 2021 with new (and renewed!) GLAM-Wiki projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2021/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Public domain day in Colombia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2021/Contents/Finland report|Finland report]]: AvoinGLAM * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2021/Contents/France report|France report]]: #1lib1ref; Training courses; What's next ?; Wikidata and archaeology vocabulary * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2021/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: Coding da Vinci Niedersachsen wraps up * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2021/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: A month in the spirit of references * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2021/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Record numbers of digital museum visits * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2021/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Protests & Suffragettes - Wikipedia work in 2020; Khalili Collections * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2021/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wiki 20 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2021/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Digital Public Library of America makes an impact in 2020 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2021/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: February's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2021/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 07:37, 9 Februarie 2021 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=21034985 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': February 2021 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2021|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XI, Issue II, February 2021</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2021/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Recruiting two PMs; Budget Report 2020; Wikipedia 20th Bday * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2021/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Who do we think we are? * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2021/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: New GLAM tutorials in Portuguese * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2021/Contents/Estonia report|Estonia report]]: WikiMuseum * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2021/Contents/Finland report|Finland report]]: Focus on learning * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2021/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: PD Day 2021 in Indonesia, #1lib1ref, Wikisource workshop * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2021/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Historical Maps; Share your Data on colonial heritage; Knowledge platform for heritage institutions * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2021/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Amazing results of the January #1Lib1Ref campaign * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2021/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Medieval ballads; Project HBTQI * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2021/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: 50 Years Women's Suffrage in Switzerland & More * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2021/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Khalili Collections * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2021/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Black History Month and Smithsonian anniversary * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2021/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Project Grants, Analytics for GLAMs, and Shared Citations * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2021/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: March's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2021/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 16:00, 11 Maart 2021 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=21206861 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': March 2021 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2021|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XI, Issue III, March 2021</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2021/Contents/AfLIA Wikipedia in African Libraries report|AfLIA Wikipedia in African Libraries report]]: Wikipedia in African Libraries * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2021/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wiki Loves Folklore 2021; I edit Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2021/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: The Brazilian House is the theme of new GLAM dissemination activities * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2021/Contents/Finland report|Finland report]]: Enriching indigenous items in Wikidata * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2021/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: A virtual exhibition on 20 years of Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2021/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Wikimedians in Residence for Media Art Project LIMA, Wikimedia and libraries, Wikimedia training related to shared heritage * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2021/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: GLAM in Sweden in March * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2021/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Leeds Museums & Galleries, the British Library and the Khalili Collections * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2021/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Women's History Month in the US * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2021/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Media Search, Image Suggestion API, and Project Grants * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2021/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: April's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2021/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 22:53, 11 April 2021 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=21294881 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': April 2021 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2021|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XI, Issue IV, April 2021</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2021/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: WikiGap 2021; Workshop “When State Security was engaged in Science”; Women in STEM; International Roma Day Edit-a-thon * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2021/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: A Wealth of Wiki Women * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2021/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Projects by Wikimedia Belgium * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2021/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Festa da Wiki-Lusofonia celebrates Wikipedia 20 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2021/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: WikiGap 2021 report * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2021/Contents/DRCongo report|DRCongo report]]: WMDRC - UG report: Wikipedia in library * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2021/Contents/Estonia report|Estonia report]]: Finding new ways of making art visible + 360° panoramas of Estonian museums * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2021/Contents/Finland report|Finland report]]: Saami place names * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2021/Contents/France report|France report]]: Journée Wikimédia Culture et numérique 2021; French open content report * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2021/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: Northern Exposure for cultural heritage data * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2021/Contents/India report|India report]]: Proofread competition on Bengali Wikisource in collaboration with British Library * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2021/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Wikisource Competition 2021; Museum Daerah Deli Serdang is now on Commons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2021/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: A Wikipedian in residence at the Civic Museum of Modena: report * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2021/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: WikiVrijdagen with Atria and IHLIA, Wikimedians in Residence will increase the visibility of media art on Wikipedia, Wikimedia training: shared heritage, Papiamentu and Papiamento: Wikipedia is up and ready to go! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2021/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: West Coast WikiCon and Performing Arts Aotearoa * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2021/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Great impact of cooperations * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2021/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: New partnerships * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2021/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: More music; Enriching GLAM photos with SDC; Swedish GLAM survey * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2021/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: GLAMhack 2021 & more * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2021/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: University of Edinburgh Library Wikimedia Community of Interest; Khalili Collections; British Library * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2021/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: The Met, Smithsonian, and a busy Edit-a-thon season * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2021/Contents/Wikipedia Library report|Wikipedia Library report]]: Fostering Connections: Wikimedia and Libraries Global Meetup * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2021/Contents/Wikimedia and Libraries User Group report|Wikimedia and Libraries User Group report]]: Extended Date Time Format for Wikibase * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2021/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Wikimedia Hackathon, Product Updates, and Office Hours * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2021/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: May's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2021/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 04:54, 12 Mei 2021 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=21418797 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': May 2021 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2021|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XI, Issue V, May 2021</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2021/Contents/AfLIA Wikipedia in African Libraries report|AfLIA Wikipedia in African Libraries report]]: A busy month at AfLIA * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2021/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: Museum, Archives and Libraries on May * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2021/Contents/Armenia report|Armenia report]]: Presence of Museums in Wiki Projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2021/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Librarians unite across Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand for 1Lib1Ref * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2021/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Wiki Loves Bahia: 2021 is the year of Bahia on Wikipedia in Portuguese * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2021/Contents/Côte d'Ivoire report|Côte d'Ivoire report]]: Glam-wiki 2021 29 May in Côte d'Ivoire * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2021/Contents/India report|India report]]: Collaboration continues with British Library * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2021/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: #1lib1ref in Indonesia; Online talk show with Wikimedia Nederland * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2021/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Conference, webinar and projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2021/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: National Gallery of Kosovo Collection now on Wikidata * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2021/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Over 15,000 images available from Elsinga Collection, 1.9 million records on slavery and slave trade digitally accessible * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2021/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: A busy month in Aotearoa * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2021/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: GLAM activities of GLAM Macedonia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2021/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: A month in the sign of edit-a-thons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2021/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: Viquiprojecte:Muixeranga * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2021/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Working with UN Human Rights; Aftermath to the fiddler competition; Music manuscripts from the 18th century; Digital visions; Should museums work with Wikipedia?; Wikidata project with museums has results * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2021/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Strengthening GLAM Partnerships * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2021/Contents/Uganda report|Uganda report]]: Wikipedia for Museums in Uganda * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2021/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: British Library, Khalili Collections * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2021/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Hackathon outputs, data roundtripping and Asian American heritage * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2021/Contents/Special story|Special story]]: Wikimedia Hackathon report: Upgrading GLAM tech tools and PAWS * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2021/Contents/Wikisource report|Wikisource report]]: Indic Wikisource community online gathering * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2021/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Grants and conferences * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2021/Contents/Wiki World Heritage UG report|Wiki World Heritage User Group report]]: May's report * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2021/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: June's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2021/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 14:09, 10 Junie 2021 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=21497818 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': June 2021 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2021|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XI, Issue VI, June 2021</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2021/Contents/AfLIA Wikipedia in African Libraries report|AfLIA Wikipedia in African Libraries report]]: African Librarians Week 2021 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2021/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: CEE Spring Campaign in Albania and Kosovo * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2021/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: A course on opening cultural collections * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2021/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Edit-a-thons with Wiki Women Design * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2021/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: A metadata roundtripping model for museums * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2021/Contents/France report|France report]]: European Archaeology Days; Edit-a-thon in Romanity Museum * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2021/Contents/Guinea report|Guinea report]]: GLAM with Harmattan Guinée 15 June 2021 in Conakry * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2021/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Festival and edit-a-thon dedicated to the world of archives * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2021/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Training at Het Nieuwe Instituut in Rotterdam; training for Suriname and the Dutch Caribbean has concluded * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2021/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Making artists visible * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2021/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Wikidata development and culture of Rudnik and Takovo region * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2021/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: Museums writing challenge and Viquimarató Carmelina Sánchez-Cutillas * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2021/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Free music; Kulturarv som gymnasiearbete; Statistics Sweden – now as open data; KTH library training * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2021/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Diversity in GLAM Program * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2021/Contents/Uganda report|Uganda report]]: Wikipedia for Museums in Uganda * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2021/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: British Library and Khalili Collections * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2021/Contents/Ukraine report|Ukraine report]]: #1Lib1Ref in Ukrainian Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2021/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Meetup/CCCCWI; Vaccine Safety Wikipedia Edit-a-thon; WikiWednesday Salon; San Diego Wiknic; Black Lunch Table / Black visual artists * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2021/Contents/Special story|Special story]]: Play, experiment and cross borders at Hack4OpenGLAM * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2021/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: OpenRefine starts Structured Data on Commons development and is searching for two developers * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2021/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Conferences and Structured data modeling * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2021/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: July's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2021/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 05:47, 11 Julie 2021 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=21652088 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': July 2021 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2021|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XI, Issue VII, July 2021</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2021/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Collaboration with the New Vision Organization in Tirana; Summer of Wikivoyage Campaign 2021 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2021/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Representation and erasure: opportunities and risks that Wikipedia presents for First Nations knowledges * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2021/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: A wikicontest to celebrate and make visible the state of Bahia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2021/Contents/India report|India report]]: Rabimas proofread contest ends on Bengali Wikisource * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2021/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: New Zealand holds its second Wikimedia conference, and a performing arts Wikiproject gathers steam * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2021/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: New chances for GLAM success * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2021/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Photos of Childrens theatre * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2021/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: A Thousand Images of Islam, British Library Updates * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2021/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Smithsonian Wiki Focus: Black Women in Food History; San Diego 73; Black Lunch Table Black artists * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2021/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: A conversation about depicts and Structured Data on Commons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2021/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: August's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2021/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 07:23, 11 Augustus 2021 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=21849336 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': July 2021 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2021|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XI, Issue VII, July 2021</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2021/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Collaboration with the New Vision Organization in Tirana; Summer of Wikivoyage Campaign 2021 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2021/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Representation and erasure: opportunities and risks that Wikipedia presents for First Nations knowledges * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2021/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: A wikicontest to celebrate and make visible the state of Bahia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2021/Contents/India report|India report]]: Rabimas proofread contest ends on Bengali Wikisource * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2021/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: New Zealand holds its second Wikimedia conference, and a performing arts Wikiproject gathers steam * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2021/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: New chances for GLAM success * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2021/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Photos of Childrens theatre * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2021/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: A Thousand Images of Islam, British Library Updates * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2021/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Smithsonian Wiki Focus: Black Women in Food History; San Diego 73; Black Lunch Table Black artists * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2021/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: A conversation about depicts and Structured Data on Commons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2021/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: August's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2021/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 11:42, 11 Augustus 2021 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=21849336 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': August 2021 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XI, Issue VIII, August 2021</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos (WPWP) Campaign in Albania and Kosovo * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: How Australian libraries are turning to Wikipedia during the global pandemic * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Transbordados: WikidataCon's preconference for Latin America discusses GLAM and decolonization * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/Côte d'Ivoire report|Côte d'Ivoire report]]: Glam-wiki 2021 10 Juillet en Côte d'Ivoire * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/France report|France report]]: Wikimedian in residence; Some projects for this autumn * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/India report|India report]]: Second proofread competition starts on Bengali Wikisource in collaboration with the British Library * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Summer school in July and two new WiR in August * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: 50 cool new things you can now do with KB’s collection highlights, and New old photographs of Algeria, Mali and Morocco by Angeline van Achterberg * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: A Wikimedian at New Zealand Opera * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Villas and castles of Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: History, history and future * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Khalili Collections reaches 30 articles * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wiki salons and Kearny Mesa * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/Special story|Special story]]: Hack4OpenGLAM is ready to start * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: OpenRefine starts SDC development * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: GLAM conversations and feedbacks for a better Wikimedia movement * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: September's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 00:30, 12 September 2021 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=21990260 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': August 2021 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XI, Issue VIII, August 2021</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos (WPWP) Campaign in Albania and Kosovo * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: How Australian libraries are turning to Wikipedia during the global pandemic * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Transbordados: WikidataCon's preconference for Latin America discusses GLAM and decolonization * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/Côte d'Ivoire report|Côte d'Ivoire report]]: Glam-wiki 2021 10 Juillet en Côte d'Ivoire * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/France report|France report]]: Wikimedian in residence; Some projects for this autumn * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/India report|India report]]: Second proofread competition starts on Bengali Wikisource in collaboration with the British Library * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Summer school in July and two new WiR in August * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: 50 cool new things you can now do with KB’s collection highlights, and New old photographs of Algeria, Mali and Morocco by Angeline van Achterberg * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: A Wikimedian at New Zealand Opera * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Villas and castles of Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: History, history and future * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Khalili Collections reaches 30 articles * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wiki salons and Kearny Mesa * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/Special story|Special story]]: Hack4OpenGLAM is ready to start * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: OpenRefine starts SDC development * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: GLAM conversations and feedbacks for a better Wikimedia movement * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: September's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2021/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 09:20, 12 September 2021 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=21990260 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': September 2021 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2021|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XI, Issue IX, September 2021</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2021/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Diaspora Edits Wikipedia Campaign * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2021/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: New parnership agreements and more training! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2021/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Preserving paralympic history * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2021/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Wikimedia Belgium GLAM report September 2021 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2021/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: WikidataCon's right around the corner: find out how to participate * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2021/Contents/France report|France report]]: Wikidata training in Musée de Grenoble * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2021/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Call for Italian museums, archives and libraries * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2021/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: Diaspora Edits Wikipedia Campaign * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2021/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: GLAM at WikiconNL2021, ISA-campaign Tag the species Naturalis en Rijksmuseum * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2021/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: New WiR and presentation of our activities * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2021/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: Women Gastronomes Edit-a-thon * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2021/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Kulturhistoria som gymnasiearbete; Uploads from museums in Göteborg; Wiki Loves Monuments; LGBTQIA+ edit-a-thon * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2021/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: British Library and Khalili Collections * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2021/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: New page patrol not assuming good faith towards workshop editors * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2021/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: Working towards a thematic hub on content partnerships * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2021/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: First steps for Wikimedia Commons reconciliation service * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2021/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Updates on grant-funded technical projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2021/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: October's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2021/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 22:34, 12 Oktober 2021 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=22102670 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': October 2021 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2021|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XI, Issue X, October 2021</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2021/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Open access as Australia reopens * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2021/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Wikimedia Belgium GLAM report October 2021 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2021/Contents/Estonia report|Estonia report]]: Wikipedia Art Month + Heritage Days * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2021/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Collaborations and partnership * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2021/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: How Wikipedia helped to create a Serbian stamp; Many GLAM-related presentations planned at WikiconNL * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2021/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Outreach by members of the Aotearoa New Zealand Wikimedia User Group * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2021/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: Wikidata for Libraries and notable Librarians in Nigeria * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2021/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: A good start to GLAM Fall * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2021/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: Women Writers Month * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2021/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: The Constitution of Pylyp Orlyk; More museum data on Wikidata; LGBT edit-a-thon; Local business history in Nyköping; Stockholm City Museum ♥ Wikipedia; Writing about fashion at Nordiska museet * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2021/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: British Library and Khalili Collections * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2021/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wikiconference North America + Workshops * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2021/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: Needs assessment interviews; Cultural heritage on Wikidata – thousands of monuments in Norway; Structured Data uploads continue * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2021/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: A Wikimedia Commons Reconciliation Service, You Say? * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2021/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: GLAM office hours, GLAM newsletter moving to Meta-wiki, and more * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2021/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: November's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2021/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 06:19, 11 November 2021 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=22311279 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': November 2021 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2021|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XI, Issue XI, November 2021</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2021/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: Migration from Outreach to Meta: your opinion is needed * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2021/Contents/France report|France report]]: Study day on open content; Open content GLAM report * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2021/Contents/India report|India report]]: Second proofread competition ended on Bengali Wikisource in collaboration with the British Library * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2021/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Traing course and conference in November * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2021/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: GLAMorous November * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2021/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Art, design and history from the museums of Göteborg; Maps in the National Archives of Sweden * [[outreach:outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2021/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Khalili Collections * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2021/Contents/Ukraine report|Ukraine report]]: Aricle contest for librarians «Local cultural heritage and prominent people» * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2021/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Smithsonian demos new Wiki API Connector tool and other meetups * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2021/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: We continue building for the hub; SDC for fun and profit: detecting bad coordinates; Needs assessment – video recorded interviews; Improving ISA * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2021/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Wikisource birthday celebration, Community Tech Wishlist, and upcoming conversation about courses for GLAM professionals * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2021/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: December's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2021/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 11:53, 9 Desember 2021 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=22394007 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': December 2021 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2021|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XI, Issue XII, December 2021</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2021/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Writing The Record: the Australian Music Wikipedia project launches * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2021/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: We were editing about Bogotan writers * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2021/Contents/Croatia report|Croatia report]]: Ab ovo. Towards future reports... * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2021/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: The New Zealand Wikidata thesis project * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2021/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Safeguarding the heritage of a community * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2021/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Commons project with Göteborg museums was a success; Digital humaniora meets Wikidata; HBTQI, Europeana and WiR * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2021/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: 2021 in Review * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2021/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Smithsonian Institution Training * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2021/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: Adding more Structured Data on Commons statements * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2021/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Some structured data developments * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2021/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: January's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2021/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 10:46, 12 Januarie 2022 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=22518926 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': December 2021 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2021|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XI, Issue XII, December 2021</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2021/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Writing The Record: the Australian Music Wikipedia project launches * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2021/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: We were editing about Bogotan writers * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2021/Contents/Croatia report|Croatia report]]: Ab ovo. Towards future reports... * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2021/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: The New Zealand Wikidata thesis project * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2021/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Safeguarding the heritage of a community * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2021/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Commons project with Göteborg museums was a success; Digital humaniora meets Wikidata; HBTQI, Europeana and WiR * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2021/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: 2021 in Review * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2021/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Smithsonian Institution Training * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2021/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: Adding more Structured Data on Commons statements * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2021/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Some structured data developments * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2021/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: January's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2021/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 16:23, 12 Januarie 2022 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=22518926 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': January 2022 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2022|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XII, Issue I, January 2022</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2022/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Belgium report * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2022/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: A portable museum experience to digitize and share collections online * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2022/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Let's celebrate the Public domain day with Wikisource * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2022/Contents/Estonia report|Estonia report]]: Mobile Photo Studio + New Cooperations * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2022/Contents/Finland report|Finland report]]: Photowalks in Helsinki, autumn 2021 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2022/Contents/France report|France report]]: Training course for Musée de l'armée staff members; Journée Wikimédia Culture et numérique 2022; Wikiway * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2022/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: GLAM Indonesia wrap-up; Public Domain Day 2022 in Indonesia; #1Lib1Ref * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2022/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Collaborations and new projects in January * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2022/Contents/Romania report|Romania report]]: About #1lib1ref activities in Romania (and Moldova) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2022/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Successful end of the Old and even more successful beginning of the New year * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2022/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: BiBat Museum and libraries * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2022/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Uploads of photographs taken by Swedish missionaries in China; Sörmlands museum's first contributions * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2022/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Khalili Collections and British Library * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2022/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Report from DPLA * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2022/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Hello, world! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2022/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: Results and summaries; Helping with getting Pattypan back on track; Working with partners to make content available * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2022/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: February 22: Meetup about SDC support in OpenRefine * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2022/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Wikimedia campaigns for librarians and museum workers; Community Wishlist Survey; and Wikimedia query services * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2022/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: February's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2022/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 18:31, 12 Februarie 2022 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=22740271 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': February 2022 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2022|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XII, Issue II, February 2022</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2022/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Traditional Food Photography * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2022/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Shakespeare is dead - Contemporary playwriting festival; Public Domain Day Belgium 2022 (10/02) report * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2022/Contents/Estonia report|Estonia report]]: An examples of a visual storytelling – two virtual exhibitions * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2022/Contents/France report|France report]]: Wikimedian in Residence in Clermont Auvergne * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2022/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: New agreement for Wiki Loves Monument Italy 2022 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2022/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: Traditional Food Photography * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2022/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: New photo collections of Alkmaar, Wiki goes Caribbean meeting, contemporary art Wikidata import and knowledge platform for GLAMS * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2022/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: National Digital Forum and Editing in a Time of COVID * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2022/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: 1Lib1Ref 2022 Kwara * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2022/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: New GLAM-Wiki partnerships and cooperations * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2022/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: A month in the sign of 1Lib1Ref * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2022/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Additional photos from Swedish missionairies; Historical maps of Ukraine * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2022/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Khalili Collections * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2022/Contents/Ukraine report|Ukraine report]]: Stand with Ukraine! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2022/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Women's History Month activities * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2022/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: February in AvoinGLAM * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2022/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: Encyclopaedia of Life release their 2 million species descriptions under CC0 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2022/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: Editing SDC with OpenRefine; Monthly OpenRefine and Wikimedia office hours * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2022/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: March's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2022/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 16:19, 12 Maart 2022 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=22892827 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': March 2022 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2022|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XII, Issue III, March 2022</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2022/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: Visual culture, human rights and digitization * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2022/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Australia grows gender equity for International Women's Day * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2022/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Collaboration with GLAM institutes in Belgium * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2022/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Pills of GLAM * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2022/Contents/Croatia report|Croatia report]]: ...starting bottom-up in indie archive! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2022/Contents/Estonia report|Estonia report]]: Glass, Books and Paintings * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2022/Contents/France report|France report]]: Mooc Wikidata * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2022/Contents/India report|India report]]: Wikimedian-in-Residence program initiated at the Research Institute of World's Ancient Traditions, Cultures and Heritage in Arunachal Pradesh * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2022/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: The growth of sharing on Wikimedia projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2022/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Letters from Sierra Leone: the Sjoerd Hofstra photo collection in a new light * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2022/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Forming Wikimedia Aotearoa and the Aotearoa New Zealand Theses Project * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2022/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: News in Wikipedian in residence projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2022/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: WikiToro * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2022/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: The Unique Historical Kalmar County project continues ...; WikiGap x 3; Students writing articles * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2022/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Khalili Collections * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2022/Contents/Uruguay report|Uruguay report]]: GLAM Activities by Wikimedia Uruguay * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2022/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Women's History Month * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2022/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: UN Environment Programme sharing their knowledge on Wikipedia. Logo competition * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2022/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: OpenRefine: survey for Structured Data on Commons features * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2022/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Commons APP calls, Bophana documentaries, and Image Description Week * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2022/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: April's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2022/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 08:45, 13 April 2022 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=23092895 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': April 2022 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2022|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XII, Issue IV, April 2022</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2022/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Growing the record of Australian Music * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2022/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: About African Pagnes and Belgian music * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2022/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Brazil wins the first place in WLM 2021 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2022/Contents/France report|France report]]: French GLAM meeting * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2022/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Work with GLAMs on Wikisourse and Wikimedia Commons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2022/Contents/Mexico report|Mexico report]]: GLAM professionals add an image and become Wikipedians; Edificio Carolino Edit-a-thon * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2022/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: People in Paleontology, Digikult, and copyright term extension for New Zealand * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2022/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: Wikidata for Nigerian Novelist and Novel * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2022/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Wikiresidence in progress and workshop Evolution in GLAM in Poland * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2022/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Important activities within the GLAM * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2022/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Training at the National Archives of Sweden; Training at the Stockholm City Museum; Training at the Swedish National Museum of Science and Technology; Improved images from Swedish Performing Arts Agency * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2022/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Wikidata Coffee Breaks * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2022/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Khalili Collections * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2022/Contents/Uruguay report|Uruguay report]]: Wikimedistas de Uruguay report * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2022/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: WVU Libraries; Earth Day-2022-SWC; Wiki-Gap * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2022/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Open Access vs NFT, GLAM School, Saami language, family trees * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2022/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: Enter our logo competition; IGO/INGO; Needs assessments research results; Wrapping up some ISA-things * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2022/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: 1Lib1Ref, Image Description Week, Commons calls, and the Add an image events * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2022/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: May's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2022/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 04:22, 10 Mei 2022 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=23247018 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': May 2022 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2022|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XII, Issue V, May 2022</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2022/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Summer of Wikivoyage 2022 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2022/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: Face-to-face and virtual events on May * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2022/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Over 1000 references added in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand for #1Lib1Ref * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2022/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: New Wikidata Property * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2022/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Wiki Loves Espírito Santo is a sucess * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2022/Contents/Estonia report|Estonia report]]: From university to library * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2022/Contents/Finland report|Finland report]]: Photowalks in Southern Finland, spring 2022 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2022/Contents/France report|France report]]: International Museum Day 2022 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2022/Contents/India report|India report]]: Digitization of Tibetan Buddhist canons, The International Museum Day 2022 Wikidata Competition * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2022/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: May in and for museums * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2022/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: Cooperation with the National Gallery of Kosova and Summer of Wikivoyage 2022 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2022/Contents/Malaysia report|Malaysia report]]: WikiGap Malaysia 2022 @ Kuala Lumpur Library * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2022/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Pacific Arts Aotearoa Wikiproject, Auckland Museum's Exploratory Study and Report back on #1Lib1Ref * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2022/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Wikipedian in residence in the National Museum in Cracow; Training at the Wawel Royal Castle National Art Collection; How can we make GLAM’s digital resources more reusable in education?; The International Museum Day 2022 Wikidata Competition * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2022/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: New GLAM brochure and Wikilive 2022 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2022/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Rembrandt and others – drawings from the Nationalmuseum in Stockholm; Stockholm Museum of Women’s History; The map book of Heinrich Thome; Sörmland Museum; Wikidata competition – International Museum Day 2022 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2022/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Diversity in GLAM Program * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2022/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Khalili Collections * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2022/Contents/Uruguay report|Uruguay report]]: Wikimedistas de Uruguay report: 1bib1ref, Museum of Natural History, and more! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2022/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Hackathons and Edit-a-thons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2022/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: International Energy Agency share their knowledge and graphics on Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2022/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: Uploading files to Wikimedia Commons with OpenRefine: looking for test uploads! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2022/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Results from 1Lib1Ref May 2022 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2022/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: June's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2022/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 14:14, 13 Junie 2022 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=23345409 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': June 2022 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2022|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XII, Issue VI, June 2022</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2022/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: CEE Spring 2022 in Albania and Kosovo * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2022/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: In the middle of new projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2022/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: A celebration, a commitment, an edit-a-thon: Know My Name returns for 2022 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2022/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Heritage and Wikimedian in Residence * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2022/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: FIRST WikiCon Brazil & Three States of GLAM * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2022/Contents/Croatia report|Croatia report]]: Network(ing) effect(s) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2022/Contents/France report|France report]]: French open content report promotion * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2022/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Opening and closing projects in June * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2022/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: Edit-a-thon with Kino Lumbardhi; DokuTech; CEE Spring 2022 in Albania and Kosovo * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2022/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: West Coast Wikipedian at Large and Auckland Museum updates * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2022/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Wikipedian in residence in the National Museum in Cracow; The next online meeting within the cycle of monthly editing GLAM meetings; Steps to communicate GLAM partnerships better and involve the Wikimedian community * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2022/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: 100 000 memories from the Nordic Museum; Report from the Swedish National Archives * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2022/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Diversity in GLAM Program * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2022/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Featured images and cultural diversity * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2022/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Fifty Women Sculptors; Juneteenth Edit-a-thon; Juneteenth Photobooths 2022; Wiknic June 2022; New York Botanical Garden June 2022; LGBT Pride Month * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2022/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: Structured data on Commons editing now possible with OpenRefine 3.6; file uploading with 3.7 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2022/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: July's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2022/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 03:46, 11 Julie 2022 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=23471794 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': July 2022 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2022|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XII, Issue VII, July 2022</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2022/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: Provinces: our main characters * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2022/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Brazil holds its National Wiki Conference, and many GLAM partners join * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2022/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: A very busy July for Colombian libraries / Un Julio bastante movido para las bibliotecas colombianas * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2022/Contents/France report|France report]]: Wikimedian in residence in Clermont-Ferrand * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2022/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: News from Auckland Museum, the West Coast, and New Zealand's thesis repositories * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2022/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Edit-a-thon in the National Museum in Cracow, GLAM editing contest on the collection of artworks * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2022/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: Portugal’s first GLAM-Wiki open access museum project is launched!! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2022/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Presentation of GLAM activities at Edu Wiki Camp * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2022/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Khalili Collections * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2022/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: GLAM for the Masses * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2022/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Wikimania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2022/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: Wikimania activities * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2022/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: What next for 1Lib1Ref? * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2022/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: August's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2022/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 01:24, 9 Augustus 2022 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=23554599 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': August 2022 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2022|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XII, Issue VIII, August 2022</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2022/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Campaign in Albania and Kosovo in 2022 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2022/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Introducing Wikidata to the City of Sydney * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2022/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: In-person and online activities hosted by Brazil during Wikimania 2022 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2022/Contents/Estonia report|Estonia report]]: Summer in WMEE - from collecting professors´ portraits to new potential co-operations * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2022/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: Coins and paintings by the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2022/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: 4 Islands Outreach; Digital Clippings; Balinese Wikisource Competition * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2022/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Italian institutions ever closer to Wiki Loves Monuments * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2022/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Campaign and Wikivoyage * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2022/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: West Africa in the Van der Kraaij Photo Collection 1972-1987 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2022/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: A Wikipedian at Large * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2022/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: The summary of GLAM editing contest and the end of residency at the National Museum in Cracow; Cooperation with Wawel Royal Castle; Hack(art)hon for Zachęta * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2022/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: Linking Portuguese culture to Wikidata * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2022/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Contemporary Art Edit-a-thon and Wikipedian in residence at the Historical Archive of Negotin * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2022/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: 100 000 Bildminnen; Uniforms, images from New Sweden, colonial officers, the map book of Fryderyk Getkant, and more!; Swedish general election 2022 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2022/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Culturally diversifying Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2022/Contents/Uruguay report|Uruguay report]]: Wikimuseos & editing clubs in Uruguay * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2022/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wikimania, Meetups and More * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2022/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Crisis & GLAM * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2022/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: Tools; Helpdesk; IGO/INGO * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2022/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: New tool in development utilizing Structured Data * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2022/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Capacity building for Bophana Center * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2022/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: September's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2022/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 15:55, 12 September 2022 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=23741699 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': September 2022 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2022|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XII, Issue IX, September 2022</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2022/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wiki Loves EuroPride in Albania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2022/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Behind the scenes with Australia's Wiki Loves Earth 2022 winner * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2022/Contents/Austria report|Austria report]]: A Börthday present for Wikidata - the DACH Culture Contest * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2022/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Reopening of Museu Paulista and other news * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2022/Contents/France report|France report]]: Meeting with Prime minister cultural adviser; Residence at the Brittany Museum * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2022/Contents/India report|India report]]: Digitisation of O Bharat, a bilingual biweekly published in Goa from 1912 to 1949 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2022/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: GLAM Socialization; Wikistories for GLAM Competition * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2022/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: September month of results and planning * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2022/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Wiki Loves Monuments Suriname first edition: 554 photos * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2022/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: New Zealand Thesis Project and Te Papa Forget-me-nots * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2022/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: The results of GLAM editing contest; GLAM Coordinators Meeting * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2022/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: External projects, great results and high level of independence * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2022/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Bookfair back on site; Cultural history in High Schools; More identifiers from National Historical Museums of Sweden on Wikidata; Swedish general election 2022 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2022/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programm * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2022/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Islamic art and global art * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2022/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Advocacy and Invention; New Smithsonian WiR; Called to Create; DC Statehood and Home Rule; Annual meeting; Wikipedian in Residence Opportunity at the Pérez Art Museum Miami * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2022/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: Workshops on tool prioritization and helpdesk * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2022/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: View it! tool development update * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2022/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: October's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2022/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 22:53, 8 Oktober 2022 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=23872369 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': October 2022 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2022|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XII, Issue X, October 2022</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2022/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikimedian in Residence in Albania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2022/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Celebrating Wikidata, and over 400 new Wikipedia pages * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2022/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: WLM Brazil, HR & Environment Wikicontest, and GLAM with Atlantic Forest National Institut * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2022/Contents/Estonia report|Estonia report]]: Chuvash people in WMEE and Photo contest * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2022/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: GLAM Talk; Javanese Wikisource Workshop * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2022/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Touring Club Italiano: updates and uploads * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2022/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: About the Dutch Wiki Loves Fashion 2022 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2022/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: TDWG2022 and Molluscs * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2022/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Wiki Loves Monuments 2022 selection process in progress; GLAM online meeting on evaluation of ten editions Wiki Loves Monuments in Poland * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2022/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: GLAMorous October; Faculty of Dramatic Arts in Belgrade; CEE Meeting * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2022/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Women and architechture * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2022/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Program * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2022/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Khalili Foundation * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2022/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Asian American Edit-a-thons and More * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2022/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: First batch upload; list of tools * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2022/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: View it! tool: now with Commons category search! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2022/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: AfLIA Wikisource webinar, Wiki Rescues Manuscripts & European GLAMwiki Coordinators meeting * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2022/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: November's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2022/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 17:13, 10 November 2022 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=23979654 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': November 2022 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2022|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XII, Issue XI, November 2022</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2022/Contents/Africa report|Africa report]]: Wiki Loves Africa 2022 Winners & 2022 ISA Drive * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2022/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: An event at the National History Museum in Tirana * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2022/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: WLM tool, Wiki Takes, New WMB's Strategy, and 2 new GLAMs * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2022/Contents/India report|India report]]: Two Open Culture films on India's Odia language, made with volunteer labour * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2022/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Open GLAM Conference; Sundanese Wikisource Workshop; Minangkabau books digitization * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2022/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Video and photo to share the beauty of Italy's heritage * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2022/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Linking heritage data at HackaLOD * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2022/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Integrating with the BHL, loading natural science specimens and data * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2022/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: How Wiki helps to explore and enjoy art & culture; Wiki workshop for the National Museum in Krakow; GLAM online meeting on ideas for 2023; Wiki Loves Monuments 2022 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2022/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Wikipedian in residence at Faculty of Dramatic Arts in Belgrade and National Museum of Zrenjanin * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2022/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Wikipedian in Residence at Musikverket; Women and architecture; Gymnasiearbete; New uploads from the Swedish National Archives; WLM winners; Images of Äpplet * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2022/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Program * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2022/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Khalili Foundation * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2022/Contents/Uruguay report|Uruguay report]]: Let's GLAM Together in Uruguay: Help us organize the GLAM Wiki Conference 2023 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2022/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: WikiConference North America 2022; Punk Wikipedia Edit-a-thon; Kensho Technologies Impact-a-thon * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2022/Contents/Special story|Special story]]: We need your opinion: GLAM Wiki Conference 2023 & Your Favorite Tools * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2022/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: Survey: your favorite tools * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2022/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: December's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2022/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 04:15, 11 Desember 2022 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=24181148 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': December 2022 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2022|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XII, Issue XII, December 2022</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2022/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: Ongoing projects with open culture * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2022/Contents/Croatia report|Croatia report]]: A YEAR in REarVIEW! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2022/Contents/Denmark report|Denmark report]]: Edit-a-thon on contemporary Danish artists from the former Yugoslavia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2022/Contents/India report|India report]]: CIS-A2K launches GLAM projects in Aurangabad, Maharashtra * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2022/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Digitalization in Deli Serdang and Yogyakarta; #1Lib1Ref Workshop; Structured Data Marathon * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2022/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Museo Egizio - collection import * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2022/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: The Great Macron War, Critter of the Week, and West Couast Wikisource * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2022/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: WikiLovesLibraries Nigeria:An initiative beyond 1Lib1Ref for Librarians in Nigeria * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2022/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: The first European GLAM Coordinators online meet-up; New articles on the collection of Wawel Royal Castle; Results of Wiki Loves Monuments 2022 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2022/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: Wikibase in social sciences and Public Domain Day celebrations * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2022/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: Wikidata Birthday and ongoing projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2022/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Musikverket; Media literacy graphics; Reports for project and to project partners * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2022/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme: look back to 2022 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2022/Contents/Uganda report|Uganda report]]: GLAM in Uganda 2022 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2022/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Khalili project year in review * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2022/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wikipedia Edit-a-Thon: International Volunteer Day; ICP x Art + Feminism * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2022/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Introducing Wiki Loves Living Heritage * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2022/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: Helpdesk; IGO/INGO * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2022/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: View it!: New FULL version is ready to launch * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2022/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: GLAM-Wiki Con 2023, DPLA's new Sloan Foundation funding, and more * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2022/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: January's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2022/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 12:18, 11 Januarie 2023 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=24342308 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': January 2023 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2023|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XIII, Issue I, January 2023</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2023/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikipedia Birthday in Tirana, Albania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2023/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: DESINGEL arts centre and Wikimedia platforms * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2023/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Open Midiateca: Licensing and analysis of collections of Midiateca Capixaba * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2023/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Let's celebrate public domain day 2023 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2023/Contents/Finland report|Finland report]]: Photo walks for Wiki Loves Monuments and rephotography * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2023/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Public Domain Day in Indonesia; #1Lib1Ref Campaign and Workshop * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2023/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Wikimedia Italy's calls for free knowledge * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2023/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Opening old books at Maastricht University * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2023/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: GLAM stepping into 2023; New “did you know” articles on the collection of Wawel Royal Castle * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2023/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: #1Lib1Ref * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2023/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Tekniska museet makes 3000 polar images available on Commons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2023/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2023/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: National Trust and cultural diversity * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2023/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Effie Kapsalis remembered; Mathematicians + Wikipedia; Wikipedia Day 2023; San Diego meetup * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2023/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: Report of survey about Wikimedia content partnerships tools * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2023/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: View it! Editing Functionality: Final Update! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2023/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: February's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2023/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 20:32, 9 Februarie 2023 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=24506764 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': February 2023 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2023|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XIII, Issue II, February 2023</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2023/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: I Edit Wikipedia Online Campaign 2023 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2023/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Public Domain Day Belgium 2023 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2023/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: GLAM-Wiki initiatives in Brazil spark academic investigation * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2023/Contents/Croatia report|Croatia report]]: Activities during first two months of 2023 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2023/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Launching of Wikisource Loves Manuscripts; Bincang GLAM continues * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2023/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: New project and collaboration in February * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2023/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: I Edit Wikipedia Online Campaign 2023 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2023/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Wikidata and the Biodiversity Heritage Library, Wellington WikiCon 2023 and Auckland Museum local suburb project funding * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2023/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: The European GLAM Coordinators online meet-up; GLAM-Wiki workshop at the Wawel Royal Castle State Art Collection; Wikimedians-in-residence online meet up * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2023/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: 100 000 Bildminnen; Report from The Association of Swedish Museums; Wikipedia for all of Sweden; ArkDes edit-a-thons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2023/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: In Memoriam Jo Pugh / Cultural Diversity * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2023/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Black History Month and More * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2023/Contents/Wiki Loves Living Heritage report|Wiki Loves Living Heritage report]]: Wiki Loves Living Heritage launches 17 March 1pm UTC * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2023/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Gender, language, and living heritage events in collaboration with affiliates * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2023/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: March's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2023/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 06:20, 12 Maart 2023 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=24700176 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': March 2023 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2023|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XIII, Issue III, March 2023</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2023/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: WikiGap Tirana 2023, Albania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2023/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: Starting the year at WMAR * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2023/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Know My Name edit-a-thon at the National Gallery of Australia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2023/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Wiki Loves Pará, Women's month and a huge upload for biologists * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2023/Contents/Estonia report|Estonia report]]: From Ruhnu to Vääna a.k.a. Winterspring in WMEE * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2023/Contents/France report|France report]]: Residency at the Brittany Museum * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2023/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Javanese Wikisource Competition; 5 More Bincang GLAMs; GLAM Socialization to University of Sriwijaya * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2023/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: GLAM Spring * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2023/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: Wikivoyage Edit-a-thon in Istog * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2023/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Auckland War Memorial Museum Local Suburb Project updates * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2023/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: GLAM meet-ups, Wikiresidencies and GLAM partners contributiong to editing contest * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2023/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: GLAM in March * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2023/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Photo memories from three industrial towns; Update from the archives; ArkDes edit-a-thons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2023/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2023/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Khalili Foundation * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2023/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Projects and activities in March * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2023/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: Mismatch Finder: Resolving Mismatches in Wikidata’s 100 Million Items * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2023/Contents/Wiki Loves Living Heritage report|Wiki Loves Living Heritage report]]: The Ethics of Open Sharing * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2023/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: April's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2023/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 23:48, 10 April 2023 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=24780501 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': April 2023 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2023|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XIII, Issue IV, April 2023</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2023/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: International Roma Day Edit-a-thon in Albania, 2023 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2023/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: "Every Book its Public" Campaign and Strategic Committee on Libraries * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2023/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: What's new at GLAM in the Czech Republic * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2023/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: GLAM Mini Grants; Structured Data Marathon VIII; Wikisource Online Workshop * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2023/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Bridges between Wikimedia and culture * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2023/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: BHL Whitepaper and outreach for Citizen Science Month and WeDigBio, Auckland Museum suburbs project update, New Zealand Women in Architecture Wikidata Project * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2023/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Another meeting of EU GLAM Coordinators; Guided tours for Wikipedians in museums in Krakow; Presentation on Art in Wikipedia; Online training on the basics of copyright law; Polish monuments among the top winners of WLM * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2023/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: ISOF workshop; More articles from students; SAAB veterans shared their knowledge during metadata edit-a-thon; ArkDes edit-a-thons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2023/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Democratising knowledge and cultural diversity * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2023/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Into the Wikiverse; Earth Day 2023 Bushwick * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2023/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: Wikipedia day pitches by FAO and IEA * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2023/Contents/Wiki Loves Living Heritage report|Wiki Loves Living Heritage report]]: Activities are starting! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2023/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Biodiversity Heritage Library whitepaper and the #1Lib1Ref campaign * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2023/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: May's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2023/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 22:34, 10 Mei 2023 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=24999560 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': May 2023 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2023|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XIII, Issue V, May 2023</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; -moz-column-count:2; -moz-column-width:28em; -webkit-column-count:2; -webkit-column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2023/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: E-mail account issue * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2023/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Summer of Wikivoyage Edit-a-thon in Shëngjin, Albania, 2023 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2023/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Improving Wikipedia pages about Australian women filmmakers at ACMI * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2023/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: First GLAM-Wiki partnership from Pará * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2023/Contents/Finland report|Finland report]]: Adding authority control templates with Pywikibot * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2023/Contents/India report|India report]]: Digitization of Behar Herald starts in Patna * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2023/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Wikisource Workshop in Madura; Outreach to Bandung; Indonesian Wikisource Competition * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2023/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Open access from North to South * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2023/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: Summer of Wikivoyage Edit-a-thon 2023 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2023/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Women in Architecture Edit-a-thon and Auckland suburb updates * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2023/Contents/Philippines report|Philippines report]]: Wikisource promotion at UNC Museum * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2023/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Air travel and city streets * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2023/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2023/Contents/Uganda report|Uganda report]]: These last few months in Uganda * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2023/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Promoting cultural diversity on Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2023/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: A Spotlight on Black Women Birders; DC Nobel Solution Sessions; Women of Color in the Renwick Gallery; Anthropology and Community Connections; SAGE edit-a-thon; WikiWednesday Salon; Into the Wikiverse: AANHPIs in Science Fiction and Pop Culture; Queering Wikipedia 2023 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2023/Contents/Special story|Special story]]: Help Wikimedia Map Your Efforts to Improve Copyright! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2023/Contents/GLAM Wiki conference report|GLAM Wiki conference report]]: GLAM Wiki Conference 2023: Announcing the venue & scholarship application process open * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2023/Contents/Wiki Loves Living Heritage report|Wiki Loves Living Heritage report]]: Photo contests * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2023/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: WILMA, DPLA + SDAW, and BHL whitepaper updates * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2023/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: June's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2023/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 00:47, 12 Junie 2023 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=25118911 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': June 2023 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2023|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XIII, Issue VI, June 2023</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2023/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: CEE Spring Campaign 2023, Albania and Kosovo * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2023/Contents/Asia report|Asia report]]: Donation of images from the National Centre for Biological Sciences * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2023/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Native Brazilian photographer wins Wiki Loves Folklore Brazil 2023 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2023/Contents/Croatia report|Croatia report]]: Half done in 2023 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2023/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: Museum tour, WLM, handouts and image donation * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2023/Contents/India report|India report]]: Wiki Exploration Programme GLAM activities * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2023/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Conclusion of Mini Grants; Second #1Lib1Ref Campaign; Wikisource Workshop in Bali * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2023/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: TCI and Turin Academy of Science * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2023/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: CEE Spring Campaign 2023, Albania and Kosovo * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2023/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: A new book, new Wikipedia articles, videos and further images on Africa * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2023/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Report on the Society for the Preservation of Natural History Collections Conference 2023 and Auckland suburb updates * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2023/Contents/Philippines report|Philippines report]]: GLAM outreach activity at University of Nueva Caceres: Digitization, workshops and proofread-a-thons as future collaboration * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2023/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: GLAM-Wiki workshops for the Czartoryski Library; Work on the GLAM-Wiki Project Page Continues; End of Internship within the "Praktykuj w Kulturze" Program * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2023/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Knowledge overview; Almedalen week * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2023/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programm * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2023/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Cultural diversity * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2023/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: WikiWednesday returns to Manhattan; Wikimedia NYC and Art+Feminism; WikiConference North America 2023; GLAM Wiki 2023 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2023/Contents/Special story|Special story]]: Flickr Foundation and Wikimedia Foundation partner to build Flickypedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2023/Contents/GLAM Wiki conference report|GLAM Wiki conference report]]: The call for proposals is now open for the GLAM Wiki Conference * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2023/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: July's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2023/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 07:11, 10 Julie 2023 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=25275926 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': July 2023 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2023|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XIII, Issue VII, July 2023</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2023/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wiki Photowalk Albania and Kosovo, 2023 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2023/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: First batch of a big upload * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2023/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Where's The Source? Adding Citations to Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2023/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Two new GLAM-wiki partnerships and Three large uploads * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2023/Contents/France report|France report]]: New milestone reached: already 500 portraits of geographers uploaded on Commons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2023/Contents/India report|India report]]: Open Knowledge Fellowship by Heritage Lab and Wikibase set foot in India * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2023/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Videos and filmmakers of Africa, Open Churches Photochallenge and Wiki goes Caribbean meet-up in Dutch National Archive * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2023/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: EU GLAM Coordinators; WikiMatejko; Polona; internship program * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2023/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Wikipedian in residence raises the standards * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2023/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Roads, Kingdoms and Assassins * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2023/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: WikiWednesday Salon; New York Botanical Garden; Meetup San Diego * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2023/Contents/Wiki Loves Living Heritage report|Wiki Loves Living Heritage report]]: Join Wiki Loves Living Heritage at Wikimania! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2023/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: WiLMa updates * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2023/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: August's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2023/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 07:16, 9 Augustus 2023 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=25415835 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': August 2023 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XIII, Issue VIII, August 2023</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos in Albania and Kosovo * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: Highlights on Wikimania 2023 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Armenia report|Armenia report]]: Wikimedia Armenia GLAM projects in August * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Activities in Belgium September-December 2023 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: 4 new GLAM-Wiki partnerships and uploads from several institutions * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Canada report|Canada report]]: Wiki-Wednesdays: Digital Literacy for GLAM workers * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Summer does not stop the wiki collaborations * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: The Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos in Albania and Kosovo; Wiki Loves Earth in Albania and Kosovo * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Public sculpture photo trail: documenting Auckland sculptures in Wikidata; Aotearoa's Wikimedia Laureate * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Presentation for school librarians at Wikiteka, Ongoing projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: A month in the shine of Wikidata and new cooperation * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Showcasing collaboration with the Nordic Museum at Wikimania 2023; Working with Swedish folk high schools * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programm * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Islamic art exhibitions and heritage innovation * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Great North American Wiknic * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Wikidocumentaries to import images from the web to Structured Data on Commons – a Google Summer of Code project * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: Hub updates at Wikimania 2023; Supporting Wiki Loves Monuments teams * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: Open call: OpenRefine-Wikimedia train-the-trainer course, November 2023-April 2024 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Wiki Loves Living Heritage report|Wiki Loves Living Heritage report]]: Looking back, looking ahead * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/WREN at Wikimania report|WREN at Wikimania report]]: Wikimedians in Residence Exchange Network at Wikimania Singapore * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: September's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2023/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 11:01, 12 September 2023 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=25585038 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': September 2023 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XIII, Issue IX, September 2023</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: Disseminating open culture * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Amazonia on Wiki * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Wikidata and the editing of Ibero-American scientific journals * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/France report|France report]]: Celebrating Rugby Herstory and History in Toulouse; Les Lorraines sans pages * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/India report|India report]]: Wikimedia Commons Contest connects Pune citizens with the rivers Mula & Mutha * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: 10,000 institutions on the Wikimedia projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: West Coast Wikipedian at Large * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: GLAM-Wiki educational activities * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: With multiple events, September was a busy month for Wikimedia Portugal * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Wikipedia in education; Continuation at Swedish folk high schools; Wikipedians at the Bookfair * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: A new WIR and a very old book * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wikimedia New York City Election 2023; San Diego/September 2023; Climate Change and Food Safety * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: OpenRefine and Wikimedia Commons: train the trainer course participants and two surveys * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/Wiki Loves Living Heritage report|Wiki Loves Living Heritage report]]: European photo contest finalists, Local Contexts Wikiproject at GLAMhack * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Wikisource Loves Manuscripts, ICOM outreach, Flickr Foundation partnership, OpenRefine adoption, new sources in The Wikipedia Library, Image Description Month events, and the GLAM Wiki Conference * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: October's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2023/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 15:02, 11 Oktober 2023 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=25712541 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': October 2023 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XIII, Issue X, October 2023</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Celebrating Wikipedia's 20th Birthday in Albanian Language * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: Content, resources and platforms for open access! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: October Report * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Wiki Loves Monuments Brasil 2023 and Open Midiateca * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Open Access Week and Wikidata; Opening Culture and Heritage training * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Côte d'Ivoire report|Côte d'Ivoire report]]: Wikimedia Côte d'Ivoire and Apsid-ci collaboration for Glam * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Croatia report|Croatia report]]: Looong summer is over * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: Great first results in State Regional Archives and Wikiresident Group coworking * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Ireland report|Ireland report]]: Wikimedia Community Ireland Host WikiWomen Partner Meeting at Dublin's historical Port * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Results of funded projects within Call GLAM 2023 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Wiki Loves Fashion in the Netherlands * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Biodiversity Information Standards Conference 2023 (TDWG2023) and the Entomological Collection Network Meeting (ECN2023) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: WikiMatejko, Internships, Open Heritage, folk costumes * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: Open Access Week celebrations and an edit-a-thon to increase the visibility of black lusophone communities * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Dynamic October in Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/South Africa report|South Africa report]]: Edit-a-thon for Librarians at the annual Library and Information Association of South Africa 2023 Conference * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Wikipedia for all of Sweden; Museums and Wikidata – why and how?; Photo memories from Stockholm and Rome; Negotiating Knowledge on Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programm * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Good omens for a rosy future * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Women in Environmental Justice; October WikiSalon * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: AvoinGLAM joins the long-awaited GLAM Wiki 2023 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: Let's Connect * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Wiki Loves Living Heritage report|Wiki Loves Living Heritage report]]: Learning and sharing * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Wikimedia and Libraries User Group report|Wikimedia and Libraries User Group report]]: The Wikimedia and Libraries AI Salons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: November's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2023/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 03:15, 11 November 2023 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=25792228 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': November 2023 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XIII, Issue XI, November 2023</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Three-months of Wikimedian in Residence at the Qemal Baholli Public Library in Albania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: New partners in Rio and GLAM WikiCon * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Canada report|Canada report]]: WCNA 2023: an key event for North American users * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Wiki GLAM Conf and Bogotá Libraries Meeting * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/France report|France report]]: Edit-a-thon Le retour de la momie * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Record edition of Wiki Loves Monuments in Italy * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Share your Data course, history month, REBOOT! and Dutch Public Domain Day event * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Summer students at Auckland Museum * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: GLAM-Wiki Conference, WikiMatejko * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: Catalan culture and showcasing Wikimedia on both side of the Atlantic * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Wikipedians in Residence, GLAM Wiki Conference * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: National Historical Museums of Sweden contributions; Photo memories from all over the world engage the community; Museum of medieval photo safari * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Fifty article milestone * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: AvoinGLAM at GLAM Wiki 2023 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: 3,000 medical images on Wikimedia Commons through the Helpdesk * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Wiki Loves Living Heritage report|Wiki Loves Living Heritage report]]: 2023 Living Heritage elements are added to Wiki Loves Living Heritage * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: December's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2023/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 08:40, 11 Desember 2023 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=25925124 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': December 2023 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XIII, Issue XII, December 2023</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wiki Loves EuroPride in Albania 2023 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/Bosnia & Herzegovina report|Bosnia & Herzegovina report]]: A year in review ... * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/Croatia report|Croatia report]]: 2023 in review * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: Wiki-residents establishing meeting took place in December * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: Go-ahead for Wikidata Project of GLAM institutions from Baden-Württemberg * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: WLM Local winners and funds for 2024 GLAM projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Auckland Museum summer updates * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Intense end to a year of GLAM-Wiki activities in Poland * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Photo memories project concludes; Sörmlands museum passes 1000 uploads to Wikimedia Commons; Wikimedian in Residence supports an upload of music content; Subject terms from Queerlit; Wikidata for authority control: 3 years of work * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Program * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: 2023 in Review * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: WikiConference North America 2023; TSU and USF; Philadelphia WikiSalon; Wikimedia DC Annual Membership Meeting; Wikipedia Editing 101 for All; NYC Hacking Night; Upstate NY workshop; Wikiquote She Said Project * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/Wiki Loves Living Heritage report|Wiki Loves Living Heritage report]]: Thank you for making Wiki Loves Living Heritage happen! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Updates and invitation to test the Commons Impact Metrics prototype * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: January's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2023/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 05:25, 13 Januarie 2024 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=26019095 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': January 2024 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XIV, Issue I, January 2024</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikipedia Day in Albania 2024 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: First international public domain day celebration in Europe coming up on March 7 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: A legal infrastructure for sharing public collections in Brazil: the case of Midiateca Capixaba * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: January '24: Institute of Physics photos and Free culture discussion * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/Finland report|Finland report]]: Photographing at the second half of 2023 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/India report|India report]]: Documenting ASI (Archaeological Survey of India) Museums in Bihar * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Public Domain Day & Monumental Moments * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Aotearoa Wikipedian at Large, and Auckland Museum updates * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: An update on the Wikimatejko editing action and an invitation to the international community to join the action * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: Unveiling Catrapilha: A ReacTive approach to GLAM content import * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Freedom of Panorama in Sweden * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Indonesian praise for an Ottoman photograph of Arabia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wikipedia Day 2024; edit-a-thon; meetups * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Events! Events! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: New OpenRefine documentation for Wikimedia Commons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: WiLMa Updates, OpenRefine training, Biodiversity, and Librarians * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: February's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2024/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 02:00, 10 Februarie 2024 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=26180968 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': February 2024 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XIV, Issue II, February 2024</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: One village, One article in Albania and Kosovo * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: On tour * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: News from Rio de Janeiro * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/France report|France report]]: Open Content Observatory letter * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Antarctic Writing Month and GLAM call * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: One Village, One Article Campaign * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: WikiProject Te Papa Research Expeditions, wrapping up the Auckland / Tāmaki Makaurau local histories project, and the Aotearoa Wikipedian at Large * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: WikiMatejko editing action; The eighth European GLAM Wiki coordinators meet up * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: SMALL GLAM SLAM Pilot 1 Rapid Grant * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Working life museums * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: National Trust, Leeds 2023, and Khalili Foundation * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Hacking Night; Seattle Meetups; Denver Huddle; Wikipedia Day LA; San Diego/February 2024; Supreme Court visit * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group February Monthly Highlights * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: Working with catalogues: a Wikidata volunteer’s perspective * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Updates on OpenRefine training and Wikisource Loves manuscripts * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: March's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2024/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 13:50, 10 Maart 2024 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=26279731 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': March 2024 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XIV, Issue III, March 2024</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: WikiGap Tirana 2024 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Art+Feminism in Australia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Belgian Public domain day and Wiki Loves Heritage awards on March 7 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: A GLAM focus on Rio de Janeiro; Archivos en vigília * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Making the public domain visible on Wikidata; In Colombia Women are historical * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: GLAM call winner projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: GLAMorousToHTML - a tool to list Wikipedia articles that include images from a given Commons category * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Update on Wikidata:WikiProject Te Papa research expeditions and the Wikipedian at Large * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM-Wiki in Poland in March * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: More photo memories – and the community is helping out; Yearly student project * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: A small problem with the Ottoman Empire * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: GLAM CSI and WikiPortraits launch and more meetups * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group March monthly highlights * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: GLAMorousToHTML - a tool to list Wikipedia articles that include images from a given Commons category * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: WikiLearn course for OpenRefine on Wikimedia Commons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Learn to upload to Commons with OpenRefine and get up to date on the International Museum Day, GLAM CSI, WiLMa Network, and WikiWorkshop * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: April's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2024/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 01:56, 11 April 2024 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=26483115 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': April 2024 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XIV, Issue IV, April 2024</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: International Roma Day Editathon in Albania and Kosovo, 2024 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: New images from Central Australia on Wikimedia Commons, Library Science WikiProject students edit Wikipedia & 1Lib1Ref in Australia and New Zealand * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Wiki Library Month * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: 2023 became a promissing year for wiki-residents and partnerships in CR * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: International Roma Day Editathon in Albania and Kosovo, 2024 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Informal GLAM hack session * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Te Papa research expeditions and the Wikipedian at Large * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Climate Changes and GLAM * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM-Wiki in Poland in April * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: SMALL GLAM SLAM * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: 100 000 bildminnen; Metabase * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Heaven on Earth at last? * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group April monthly highlights * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: AI Sauna quick reflection * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: OpenRefine online courses in more languages, and certified trainers * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: OpenRefine course in three more languages and International Museum Day challenges * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: May's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 06:43, 11 Mei 2024 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=26483115 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': May 2024 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XIV, Issue V, May 2024</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Summer of Wikivoyage Edit-a-thon in Kruja; Traditional Albanian food photography competition * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Open licensing guide from Midiateca Capixaba; Activities in Rio de Janeiro; First batch from LabDOC; New batch from NeuroMat; Hercule Florence photowalk * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: International discussion on the role of media and new GLAM partnership on the horizon * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/India report|India report]]: Digitization concludes for Behar Herald and a digitization workshop held for libraries in Maharashtra * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Edit-a-thons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: Summer of Wikivoyage Edit-a-thon in Kruja & Traditional Albanian food photography competition * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: WikiconNL 2024 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Women in Architecture Edit-a-thon, Wikidata Te Papa research expeditions project and 1Lib1Ref * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM-Wiki in Poland in May * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: The Search for the Lost Manuscripts * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Our first Igbo language article * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/Ukraine report|Ukraine report]]: Article campaigns for Ukrainian librarians, partnership with a national library * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: WikiPortraits & Edit-a-thons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group May monthly highlights * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/GLAM Wiki Meta pages revamp|GLAM Wiki Meta pages revamp]]: GLAM Wiki Meta pages kicking off the Working Group * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Introducing Alice Kibombo, a new dataset, and more * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: June's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2024/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 14:26, 9 Junie 2024 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=26893904 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': June 2024 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XIV, Issue VI, June 2024</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wiki Loves Living Heritage in Albania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Partner Project between Wikimedia Australia, the Australian and New Zealand Society of Indexers (ANZSI) and the School of Information and Communication Studies at Charles Sturt University (CSU SICS) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Wiki Loves Mato Grosso * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: GLAM digital with the August Bebel Institute - "Wiki Loves Democracy Part III" and new GLAM-on-Tour-Film released * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: 2024 Half-a-year in Review * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Open science conference and Wikimedians in Sicily * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: Wiki Loves Earth in Albania & Kosovo, 2024 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: WikiProject Te Papa Research Expeditions and WikiProject IBC 2024 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Climate Changes Edit-a-thons by Wikimedia MKD * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM-Wiki in Poland in June * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: News in GLAM Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Using Wikipedia in interfaith education * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: GLAM CSI user stories feedback requested and US events * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group June monthly highlights * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Bridging Digital Art Practices with Institutional Archives: professional knowledge exchange on digital art archiving * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: 20th Century Press Archives – history in newspaper clippings, made accessible by ZBW and Wikimedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: July's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 02:30, 12 Julie 2024 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=27031050 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': July 2024 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XIV, Issue VII, July 2024</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: For what matters most for your community * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: Mid-term digitization update * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Structuring Wiki Loves Monuments through a Wikidata portal * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Canada report|Canada report]]: CCA Hosts Inaugural Wiki Edit-a-Thon * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: The flight over the "Rosinenbomber" - drone deployment for Free Knowledge; Kicking off a German-language community of practice for building cultural heritage linked open data with the wikimedia projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/India report|India report]]: GLAM partner ventures into 'Digitisation Plus' programs with Wikimedians * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: Prompting what's most important - our community in Albania and Kosovo * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: WikiProject International Botanical Congress 2024, a presentation to the Natural History Museum, London & Kew Gardens staff and a Research expeditions edit-a-thon * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Translations galore * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wikicurious WikiNYC Civic Hall; San Diego 111; #5WomenArtists campaign * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group July monthly highlights * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Special story|Special story]]: GLAM GLobal meetup & GLAM Global Calls * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: August's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 02:59, 12 Augustus 2024 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=27242105 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': August 2024 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XIV, Issue VIII, August 2024</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/Aruba report|Aruba report]]: Vacancy Wikimedian in Residence for Wikipedia on Aruba - Aruba on Wikipedia project * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Technology and biodiversity: “Amazonian Knowledge on Wiki” * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Colombia in Wikimania Mood * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: Cooperation between National Library and Wikimedia CR was presented at Wikimania 2024 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/India report|India report]]: Wikimedians-in-residence assigned to add lexicographical data of 5 endangered languages of West Bengal * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: 10 reasons why the National Library of the Netherlands moved its Wikimedia-related publications from SlideShare to Zenodo, and keeps them on Wikimedia Commons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Looking for Aotearoa's next roving Wikipedian, a Wikidata Te Papa research expeditions publication & the Wikidata WikiProject IBC follow-up workshop * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: An insight of Wkikimedia MKD's 2024 GLAM Programme * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM-Wiki in Poland * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Indonesian Featured Article award * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wikimania report and meetups * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group August monthly highlights * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/Special story|Special story]]: Global GLAM Wiki Meetup - Future meetings and outcomes * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: AvoinGLAM at Wikimania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: Content Partnerships Hub at Wikimania; The Helpdesk; Metabase; UN collaboration day * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Commons Impact Metrics, WikiLibCon25, and WikiConference North America * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: September's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2024/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 10:48, 11 September 2024 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=27310248 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': September 2024 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XIV, Issue IX, September 2024</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikimedian in Residence at Elbasan’s Ethnographic Museum in Albania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: GLAM and communities * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Artbank's edit-a-thon for gender equity in Australian visual arts * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Project 'Belgian distilleries as Linked Open Data' completed * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Photowalks for Wiki Loves Monuments 2024 at five corners of Brazil * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/France report|France report]]: 4th edition of the Label Culture Libre * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/India report|India report]]: Digitization at the Museum of Santal Culture, Federation Hall Society Library and Cultural Heritage and Literature in Meghalaya * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Report on the Wikidata WikiProject International Botanical 2024, Conference report for SPNHC-TDWG 2024 and the upcoming New Zealand species edit-a-thon * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM-Wiki in Poland * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: Wiki Takes Rural Archaeology * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Wiki content in interfaith education * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Banned books and more * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group September monthly highlights * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/Special story|Special story]]: Global GLAM calls from November: short survey, and register! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: October's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2024/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 11:38, 10 Oktober 2024 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=27548598 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': October 2024 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XIV, Issue X, October 2024</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wiki Loves Monuments in Albania and Kosovo, 2024 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Amazon holotypes: how the species were discovered * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Canada report|Canada report]]: FIMS Graduate Library Wiki Club Lunch & Learn * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: ¿Por qué y para qué usar Wikidata en Colombia? / Why and for what purpose should Wikidata be used in Colombia? * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Empowering Italian GLAMs * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: Edit-a-thon at the City Museum of Mitrovica * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Latvia report|Latvia report]]: Wikidata Workshop 2024: National Library of Latvia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Highlights from the Third Wiki Loves Fashion Campaign in the Netherlands * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Auckland Museum Wikimedian in Residence, Te Maori edit-a-thons & NZ Species edit-a-thons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: WIKIMEDIA MKD's successful GLAM programme! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM-Wiki in Poland * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: General Archive of the Palace * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Memory of the World baseline * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: October meetups * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group October monthly highlights * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: European encounters * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Baseline report * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: Wikidata's 12th birthday celebration * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: November's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2024/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 15:19, 10 November 2024 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=27687486 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': November 2024 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XIV, Issue XI, November 2024</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Minigrant and Photowalk Projects in Albania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Winners of WLM 2024 Brazil * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Canada report|Canada report]]: WikiConvention francophone 2024 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Croatia report|Croatia report]]: deGrowth in N0vember * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: Visual memory presented with collections of East Bohemia Museum in Hradec Kralove * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/India report|India report]]: Digitization starts at Rammohun Library and Free Reading Room * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Wrap up the nine projects funded by 2024 GLAM call and Italian Wikidata Days * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: NZ Species Editathon, OEGlobal 2024 and Auckland Museum's Summer Students * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM-Wiki in Poland * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: Summary of Wikidata Days 2024: Librarians don’t need hammers, they need Wikidata * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/UAE report|UAE report]]: Highlighting the Impact of Wiki Loves Monuments 2024 in UAE * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Wikimedia UAE and Librarians report|Wikimedia UAE and Librarians report]]: Empowering Knowledge: Librarians and Wikimedia at DILC 2024 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Middle-Eastern history and interfaith education * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: November meetings * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group November monthly highlights * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Winter Festival * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Wikidata and Wikipedia improvements * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: December's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2024/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 21:45, 10 Desember 2024 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=27942378 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': December 2024 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XIV, Issue XII, December 2024</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: The Patrolling Edit-a-thon in Albania and Kosovo, 2024 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: Last activities of 2024 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Catrapilha in action: Uploading the Porto Alegre image feed * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/India report|India report]]: Living GLAM project on Santali culture continues in West Bengal * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: From SlideShare to Zenodo & How Dutch Wikipedia uses the Digital Library for Dutch Literature * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Wikdata module, Auckland Museum student progress, and the Wikipedian at Large * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: Digitization of Heritage Archives in Nigeria * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Conference for GLAM employees in Skopje * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM-Wiki in Poland * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: Wikimedia Portugal and Wiki Editoras Lx Collaborate on a Wiki GLAM, Culture, and Heritage Conference for 2025 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: 2024 in review * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: December meetings * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Public Domain Day report|Public Domain Day report]]: Public Domain Day 2025 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group December monthly highlights * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Ways forward * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: January's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2024/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 13:01, 11 Januarie 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=28033195 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': January 2025 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue I, January 2025</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Africa report|Africa report]]: Guinea-Bissau Heritage from Commons to the World * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikimedian in Residence at the Qemal Baholli Public Library in Elbasan (October - December 2024) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Aruba report|Aruba report]]: Wikipedia on Aruba project has officially begun! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Wiki Loves Maranhão * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: Exploring Wikidata & Building Community for Cultural Heritage Professionals * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Celebrating Public Domain Day 2025 in Indonesia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: New Wikimedia Italia Grant for GLAMs * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: 3 Million Dutch Cultural Heritage Images in Commons & 400,000 RCE images now in higher resolution & Usage of DBNL in Dutch Wikipedia articles * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Student led Edit-a-thon * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: GLAM-Wiki 2024 in Poland: Achievements, Collaborations, and Impact * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Wikimedia Serbia: Advancing GLAM collaborations and digital heritage * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Cairo Geniza * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wikipedia Day * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group January monthly highlights * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Special story|Special story]]: Join the Global GLAM Call – Tuesday, February 11th, 13:30 UTC! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: To the front page! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: Wikidata at WikiLibCon 2025 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: February's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2025/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 23:23, 9 Februarie 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=28125057 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': February 2025 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue II, February 2025</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Celebrating the English Wikipedia’s Birthday in Albania! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Belgium Public Domain Day and Dance Heritage * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Wiki and COP30 in the Amazon rainforest * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: GLAM digital and seminar on Jewish life * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: GLAM call and Progetto cultura * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: [GLAM metrics] Usage of Delpher in Dutch Wikipedia articles * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Wikipedia podcast episode, Trilepidea newsletter article, and the Wikipedian at Large * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Wikimedia MKD GLAM program for 2025 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM in Poland * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Swiss GLAM Programme * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Islamic and Jewish history * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Ukraine report|Ukraine report]]: GLAM news from Ukraine – events for libraries, #1Lib1Ref, launch of a larger GLAM product * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: February meetings * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group February monthly highlights * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Connecting Media Art Archives * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: 5.1 million image views * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: Wikidata event: Data Reuse Days 2025 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Wikisource report|Wikisource report]]: Wikisource Conference 2025 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Wikimedia and Libraries User Group report|Wikimedia and Libraries User Group report]]: Wikimedia + Libraries International Convention 2025 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: March's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2025/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 16:52, 10 Maart 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=28357408 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': March 2025 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue III, March 2025</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: WikiGap in Albania 2025, and essential initiatives for free knowledge * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: Archives and Human Rights activities * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: International Women's Day, Wikipedia officially recognised as Digital Public Good and invitation for the General Assembly * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Every Book Its Reader is coming * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: New Horizons of Czech GLAM Partnerships in 2025 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/France report|France report]]: Archivist Forum 2025 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Ten winners of Wikimedia Italia 2025 GLAM call * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: International Womensday; New Wikimedian in Residence at Maastricht University * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: What's on at Auckland Museum, and International Women's Day at University of Otago * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: GLAM in Africa, a Nigerian narrative in knowledge decolonization a case study of Benin City * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM in Poland * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Switzerland report * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Gold in Bengali and Diversity in Arabic * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Women's History month * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group March monthly highlights * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Manuscripts of Mali * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report|Structured Data on Wikimedia Commons report]]: Creating an OpenRefine Wikimedia Group * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: April's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2025/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 09:01, 9 April 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=28408819 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': April 2025 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue IV, April 2025</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikipedia Event for International Roma Day 2025 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Highlighting Feminist and women's histories and a Wiki Day at the South Australian Museum * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Catalan areas report|Catalan areas report]]: Campaign to document the 2025 Falla monuments in Valencia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Wikidata and Research * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Open Collection Highlights * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Women in Architecture, BHL, and the Commons Workflow * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: Strengthening Cultural Heritage through Partnerships and Knowledge Sharing: Insights from World Heritage Day in Nigeria * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Wikimedia MKD's new GLAM collaborations and activities * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM in Poland * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: Scholarships and Call for Sessions Proposals for GLAM Wiki 2025 will open soon: Stay tuned! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: GLAM Highlights from Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: FemNetzCon 2025; GLAM Meeting Biel/Bienne; Digi Archive * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Mapping Museums / Art in Arabic * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: April meetings * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group April monthly highlights * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Surging forward in Spanish and Arabic * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: May's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2025/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 20:53, 11 Mei 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=28668932 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': May 2025 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue V, May 2025</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Enhancing the LGBTQ+ content in Albanian Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Belgium Public Domain Day and Dance Heritage * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Video resource on Wikimedia Brasil and Casa de Oswaldo Cruz Partnership Released * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Croatia report|Croatia report]]: SPRINGing back activities * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: National Library of the CR events and important guests * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Europe report|Europe report]]: DARIAH DHwiki WG coming activity * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/India report|India report]]: GLAM project starts with Nanda Talukdar Foundation at Jorhat, Assam * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: GLAM Wiki Month 2025 in Indonesia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: From charts to concrete * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: Traditional Albanian Food Photography Competition 2025 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Update from Auckland Museum; Let the Wikifying Commence; Listful Thinking * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: Architectural Folklore Campaign Series * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM in Poland * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Celebrating Museums and strengthening #1Lib1Ref connections * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: Some news from Spain * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: International Museum Day 2025; CoCreation PTT-Archive; Scoring Girls * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: The 18th language * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Ukraine report|Ukraine report]]: Spring GLAM news from Ukraine – first major survey for GLAM institutions & yet another successful #1Lib1Ref * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: May meetings * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL-Wiki Working Group May monthly highlights * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Preparing the data upload * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: June's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2025/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 06:00, 10 Junie 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=28809506 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': June 2025 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue VI, June 2025</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Celebrating Communication History and Women Artists through Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Public Domain Day in Europe 2026 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Expanding Data on Maranhão's Heritage * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: First call of Science Month at Wikipedia in the Czech Republic wrapped-up * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/France report|France report]]: WiR and science&GLAM tour in France * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Another publication from Grant for GLAM Indonesia program & Minangkabau Wikisource Competition upadates * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Isoseismals & Icons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Kosovo report|Kosovo report]]: Celebrating Albanian Cuisine Through Photography: Winners of the 2025 Contest Announced! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Mexico report|Mexico report]]: Open Cultural Data Hackathon in Puebla * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Wikifying the International Congress of History of Science and Technology; Librarians and Wikipedia; NZ species edit-a-thons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: Mapping Heritage Buildings on Wikidata and Wiki Heritage Fellowship * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Wikimedia MKD Strengthens Ties with Academic Institutions: A Wikimedian-in-Residence at the Institute of Macedonian Literature * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: What's up in GLAM in Poland * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: Registration is now open for GLAM WikiCon 2025! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: June highlights from Wikimedia Serbia and beginning of new accredited seminar * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: International Archives Week 2025; SAPA Performing Arts; GLAM Meeting Biel/Bienne * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: New Featured Pictures * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: June meetings * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL Transition update, LivingData2025 and Women Genera paper * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Data upload achieved * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Wiki Knowledge Park report|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 report]]: Celebrating Heritage and Faith: Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: July's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2025/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 15:35, 12 Julie 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=28966332 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': July 2025 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue VII, July 2025</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: 10 years of Wikimedians of Albanian Language User Group * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Aruba report|Aruba report]]: Wikipedia on Aruba – From Island to Archive: Aruba’s Journey on Wikimedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: De Standaard Solidarity Prize and How to Upload Artwork * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Women in Wartime * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: Expanding Access to Heritage Knowledge * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: GLAM Wiki 2025: Program Highlights & Volunteer Call * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: July in Wikimedia Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Poster Exhibition, Screening Public Viewing, Women Memorials * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Japanese art in Arabic * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wikinics & Edit-a-thons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL blog by Tiago Lubiana, BHL Wikimedian in Residence, and news on the BHL transition * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Introducing Oulu Löyly – we want to hear your thoughts! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Getting the message out * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Culture & Heritage team transitioning to broader Content Enablement team * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: August's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 19:59, 11 Augustus 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=29083949 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': July 2025 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue VII, July 2025</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: 10 years of Wikimedians of Albanian Language User Group * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Aruba report|Aruba report]]: Wikipedia on Aruba – From Island to Archive: Aruba’s Journey on Wikimedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: De Standaard Solidarity Prize and How to Upload Artwork * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Women in Wartime * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: Expanding Access to Heritage Knowledge * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: GLAM Wiki 2025: Program Highlights & Volunteer Call * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: July in Wikimedia Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Poster Exhibition, Screening Public Viewing, Women Memorials * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Japanese art in Arabic * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wikinics & Edit-a-thons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: BHL blog by Tiago Lubiana, BHL Wikimedian in Residence, and news on the BHL transition * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Introducing Oulu Löyly – we want to hear your thoughts! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Getting the message out * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/WMF GLAM report|WMF GLAM report]]: Culture & Heritage team transitioning to broader Content Enablement team * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: August's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2025/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 20:00, 11 Augustus 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=29083949 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': August 2025 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue VIII, August 2025</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos campaign 2025 in Albania and Kosovo * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Expanding Cultural Heritage in Brazil: School communities, Wikisource course, GLAM-Wiki Impact and Wiki Takes Alcântara * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/India report|India report]]: Digitization starts at two more libraries in West Bengal * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Grant for GLAM Indonesia is open! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: From food festivals to PhD courses: Wikimedia in Italian academia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: NZ species edit-a-thons, a scholarly article, a course, and Auckland Museum editors at Wikimania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: Highlights from Wiki Heritage Fellowship and Policy Advocacy in Nigeria * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Wiki Loves Film – Collaboration with MakeDox Film Festival * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: WikiChełmoński: When Wikipedia Becomes a Guide in the Museum * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: BAM Hackathon, 3D for Cultural Heritage, Wiki Cite * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Working towards more image sharing * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wiknics * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: News on BHL transition and updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Steps towards a sustainable cultural commons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: A pivotal month * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Wikisource report|Wikisource report]]: Wikisource Reader app released on Google Play Store * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: September's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/August 2025/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 18:25, 11 September 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=29253474 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': September 2025 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue IX, September 2025</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikipedia edit-a-thon at the Skampa Theater in Elbasan, Albania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Aruba report|Aruba report]]: Wikipedia on Aruba Initiative: Building Knowledge and Visibility * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: State Library Victoria WikiFest * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Make cultural heritage freely accessible, Hasselt's collections shine online & Let's give women a voice on Wikipedia! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Hidden heritage unveiled: science, history and nature on Wikimedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Wikimedia Commons birthday content donation * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Wikimedian in Residence at the Bioeconomy Science Institute & Wikiproject NZ Women in Architecture * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Expanding Access to Culture and Knowledge through Key Partnerships * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: WikiChełmoński: the Special Guided Tour at the National Museum in Krakow * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: GLAM Wiki 2025: Join the Conference Online and Explore Lisbon’s Culture * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: LibreABC, Feminist Voices, Grade Conference * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Awards season * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: September edit-a-thons & meetings * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: The Memory of the World wiki challenge * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: October's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/September 2025/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 12:46, 9 Oktober 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=29409147 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': October 2025 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue X, October 2025</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: From a small language to Wikipedia's Biggest, Share Your Story with the Industry Museum and War Diaries * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Croatia report|Croatia report]]: Autumn activities * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: WikiCommon community meet-ups, Wikisource trainings, and the announcement of Grant for GLAM Indonesia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Open culture on stage * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Mexico report|Mexico report]]: How Wikimedia México is training cultural and government institutions as wikimedians. * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Open Topstukken project concludes; Network Archives Design and Digital Culture * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Granny's Wonderful Chair, Preparing for Auckland Museum Wiki Summer Students and an the ASBS Introductory Wiki Webinar * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: Report on Participation at the 12th International Youth Conference * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Promoting Open Data and Digital Commons in Culture and Research * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: GLAM Wiki Conference 2025 Wrap-Up * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: October in Wikimedia Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: DaSCHcon, 3D, Wiki GLAM conference * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: A look at Grokipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: October edit-a-thons & meetings * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: LivingData 2025, GLAMWiki and a "collector" Wikidata property proposal * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: International outreach * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Sustainable CultureConnect Project report|Sustainable CultureConnect Project report]]: Sustainable CultureConnect: Empowering Youth and Preserving Heritage through Open Knowledge and Leadership * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: November's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October 2025/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 11:29, 10 November 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=29516862 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': November 2025 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue XI, November 2025</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Call for volunteers, Computer's Day and upcoming events * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: Czech Radio and Wikimedia CZ launched cooperation * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Our Activities in November * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Wrap up of the 2025 GLAM call * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: ASBS 2025 Conference, a NZBSI Wikimedian in Residence update & Auckland Museum Summer Students * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Wikimedia MKD and Cultural Institutions: A Year of Growth, Content, and Collaboration * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: GLAM Wiki 2025 conference, WiR Meeting and the First National Institute of Museums Training on GLAM–Wiki * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: IT Wikicon, Faces and Masks, Matrimoine @ Genève * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Awards season- again! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: November edit-a-thons & meetings * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Content Partnerships Hub report|Content Partnerships Hub report]]: Here to Help: The Next Stage of the Content Partnerships Hub * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Enriching the data set * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: December's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November 2025/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 04:21, 11 Desember 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=29692345 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': December 2025 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue XII, December 2025</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: Global GLAM Calls Continue in 2026 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikimedian in Residence, 2025, in Elbasan Albania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: Resume of the year * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: AMaGA partnership, signing the Open Heritage Statement and South Australian Museum Partner Project * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Public Domain Day 2026, Circus Heritage and Fosdem * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Preparándonos para celebrar el día del dominio público - Getting ready for the Public Domain Day celebration * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Exploring Italy and Unlocking Its Heritage: Touring Club Italiano and GLAM Call 2026–2028 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: ASBS 2025 Conference follow-up Wiki webinar & Auckland Museum student update * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Public Domain, Conferences, and Conversations on Open Culture * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: GLAM on Tour Bellinzona, Xmas Event, GLAM Wiki Group * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: 2025 in review * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: December meetings * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Public Domain Day report|Public Domain Day report]]: Public Domain Day 2026 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: 2025 in review * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: January's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 12:58, 12 Januarie 2026 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=29895284 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': January 2026 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue I, January 2026</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: Wikipedia at 25 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Aruba report|Aruba report]]: Pap-Wikipedia Turns 20: A Milestone for Papiamento/u Knowledge * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Celebrando el día del dominio público 2026/Celebrating the public domain day 2026 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/France report|France report]]: Wikipedia's Birthday in France * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: Gifted by our friends: Loads of presents for Wikipedia25 by German and Austrian GLAMs * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Activities in December-January * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Knowledge in action: Barindelli collection and Wikipedia 25 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Image donation Dutch Book History * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Auckland Museum Student Edit-a-thon, the NZBSI Wikimedian in Residence project, and other residencies * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: GLAM Program of Wikimedia MKD – 2026 Overview * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Explore Historic Portraits from the Museum of Photography in Kraków * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: January in Wikimedia Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Museum in Chiasso, Alpine Museum, Women Monuments * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Sharing more of the Enamels of the World * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Map the GLAM report|Map the GLAM report]]: Wiki and GLAM: Harnessing Knowledge to Foster Gender Equality * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Manuscripts on Arabic Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: Two key Wikidata Requests for Comments, relevant for future GLAM-Wiki work * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: February's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 08:34, 11 Februarie 2026 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=30055818 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': February 2026 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue II, February 2026</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: GLAM in 2026 is calling to action! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: A photo safari through Wiki Loves Fashion & a rescue mission with Mission Gourmande! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: National Library overview of 2025 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Cultural Heritage and Memory: 2026 GLAM Call and Executed Renaissance Edit-a-thon * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Farewelling the Auckland Museum Summer Students and an update on the NZBSI WiR * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Wikipedia in Cultural Marketing at Crash Mondays Warsaw * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: February in Wikimedia Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: Wikidata in the GLAM context II * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Neocomensia, SAPA, Atelier Winterthur, GLAM-on-Tour Disentis * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: New content in African and Asian languages * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Focus on Indigenous issues * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: March's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 00:52, 12 Maart 2026 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=30232291 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': March 2026 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue III, March 2026</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: GLAM in Equinox * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikigap 2026 in Tirana, Albania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Aruba report|Aruba report]]: Celebrating 20 Years of Papiamentu/o Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Bolivia report|Bolivia report]]: The Family Treasures Project Returns, with New GLAM Partners * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Wiki Loves Folklore Brazil defines six categories to represent Brazilian culture on Commons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Architecture in the public domain in libraries in Nariño/Arquitectura en dominio público en bibliotecas nariñenses * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: Main Wikimedian in Residence report for 2025 is here * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: Art History Loves Wiki 2026 – digital/local. collection loves wiki * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/India report|India report]]: Collaboration resumes with the British Library for Bangla Wikisource * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: 2026 winners projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: New Zealand Bioeconomy Science Institute Wikimedian in Residence update, a letter published in Nature & Architecture + Women NZ * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Wikimedia MKD's GLAM Highlights: Botany and Beyond * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: March in Portugal * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: March in Wikimedia Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Looking for similar images * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: GLAM Wiki Group, Donna, CoCreation PTT-Archive * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: CILIP MDG 2026 Conference, Library meetups and the World's Enamels * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Ukraine report|Ukraine report]]: Spring 2026 news from Ukraine – Wiki Loves Folklore & more #1Lib1Ref * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: MoMA's International Traveling Exhibitions and Wikidata on the LD4 Arts Affinity Group April Community Call * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHL-Wiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Oulu Löyly * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Indigenous languages on the Main Page * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: April's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 18:20, 9 April 2026 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=30344683 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': April 2026 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue IV, April 2026</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: How the GLAM Community Can Shine in the 2026–27 Annual Plan * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: International Roma Day 2026 in Tirana, Albania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: WikiConf Argentina and GLAM projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Asia report|Asia report]]: Documenting and citing oral knowledge in audio and video * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: WikiCon Australia, ICIP, Orphan works and Trans-Tasman partnerships * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Wikimedia Brasil publishes book on the power and challenges of free knowledge * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: We celebrate Public Domain Day with an expert panel / Celebramos el día del dominio público con un Panel de expertas * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Ongoing and New GLAM-Wiki Projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Women in Wartime event at Auckland Museum & an update for WiR NZBSI * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: Wikimedia Commons Upload Campaign * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Wikimedia MKD in Action: Digitization, Wikisource and Educational Workshops * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: GLAM-Wiki Developments: Residencies, Partnerships and Audiovisual Heritage * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: April in Wikimedia Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Le Donne di Villa Massimo * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: A tenth-century Quran and Islamic Art in Urdu * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wiki MIT launches and US meetups * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Update on the BHL Annual Meeting 27 April - 1 May & BHL Day * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Eight new articles on MoW inscriptions * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: May's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 13:51, 11 Mei 2026 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=30513880 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': May 2026 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue V, May 2026</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: May Global GLAM Call Recording and June Call Announcement * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Celebrating #1Lib1Ref Australasia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: GLAM Connection: Fashion, History, and Biodiversity in May * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/France report|France report]]: New Wikimedian in Residence * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Connecting the Arctic and Sicily through Wikimedia Projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Mexico report|Mexico report]]: How the cultural, governmental, educational, and museum sectors contributed in unison to Wikimedia projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Setting up your own platform (part 1): from wish to the creation of a wiki * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: ESEAP Conference 2026 and the NZBSI WiR update * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Wikimedia MKD Shares GLAM Experience at International Conferences * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Partnerships, Participation, and Open Knowledge * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: May in Wikimedia Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: El Prado en femenino III * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Museum for Communication, Panel IMD, Wikipedia Day * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Early Qurans on the front page of Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Special story|Special story]]: New tools for multilingual audio, video and metadata * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: New articles in Urdu * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: June's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 21:22, 12 Junie 2026 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=30636889 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': June 2026 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue VI, June 2026</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: Tools, tech, and Wikimania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: New digitization partner * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Bangladesh report|Bangladesh report]]: International Museum Day Edit-a-thon and Workshop held in Dinajpur, Bangladesh * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Postal Mission on Wikimedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Empowering Institutions through Wikisource Education and GLAM Capacity Building * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: Bridging the gap between labs and Wikipedia: continuing cooperation with FZU * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Egypt report|Egypt report]]: From Museum Celebrations to Archival Documentation * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Finland report|Finland report]]: Northern Wikimedist meetup in Oulu * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/France report|France report]]: #1lib1ref Recap and International Archives Week * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Heritage and Community Action * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Mexico report|Mexico report]]: Open GLAM in Puebla * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Interview with Olaf Janssen, Wikimedia coordinator of the KB, National library of the Netherlands * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: BAU at Auckland Museum, Otago Uni Library Life and the NZBSI WiR is complete * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Collaboration with the Botanical garden at the Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics in Skopje * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Poland Report: New Partnerships, Conferences, and Wikimedians in Residence * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Opening the Doors of Serbian Heritage: Wikimedia Serbia’s Recent GLAM and Wikidata Successes * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: GLAM Labs Futures 2026 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Finnish-Swedish cooperation * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Exhibition, International Archives Week Panel * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Ninth Good Article from Khalili partnership * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Philadelphia WikiSalon * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Is the sauna still hot? * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: New articles * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: July's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 22:35, 11 Julie 2026 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=30773577 --> bsumuusdrk4j9ndo4u1c6i43oeq245g 0 224839 2917008 2479045 2026-07-11T14:22:54Z ~2026-38820-75 210844 /* */ 2917008 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Lêer:Israel judea and samaria dist.png|duimnael|Ligging van die gebied Judea en Samaria (rooi)]] Die gebied '''Judea en Samaria''' ([[Hebreeus]]: מחוז יהודה ושומרון - ''Ezor Yehuda VeShomron'') is 'n gebied wat sentraal geleë is in die [[Wesoewer]]. Hierdie gebied is in [[1967]] tydens die [[Sesdaagse Oorlog]] deur [[Israel]] verower. Die gebied behoort nie aan die staat van Israel nie, maar word deur Israel as 'n administratiewe gebied beskou (die streke in die sogenoemde C-gebied waar Israeliese burgers die meerderheid vorm). Die gebied se administratiewe (nieamptelike) hoofstad is [[Ariel, Wesoewer|Ariel]]. [[Kategorie:Distrikte van Israel]] [[Kategorie:Wesoewer|*]] ixkuw8j4jnyrl4mycmt6v9k7u4nele6 0 255680 2917081 2894160 2026-07-12T08:07:24Z Wheatley2 168825 2917081 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Lêer:Lindsey Graham, Official Portrait 2006.jpg|thumb|Lindsey Graham]] '''Lindsey Olin Graham''' (9 Julie [[1955]] – 11 Julie [[2026]]) is 'n Amerikaanse politikus wat tans dien as die senior Senator van [[Suid-Carolina]] in die Senaat van die [[Verenigde State van Amerika]]. Hy hou die pos al sedert 2003. Vanaf 2019 is hy die Voorsitter van die [[Verenigde State Komitee op die Regbank]]. Hy is 'n lid van die [[Republikeinse Party (Verenigde State)]]. Graham is 'n boorling van sentraal [[Suid-Carolina]], en het sy ''Juris Doctor'' graad ontvang van die [[Regskool van die Universiteit van Suid-Carolina]]. Die grootste deel van sy aktiewe diens in die [[Amerikaanse Weermag]] het vanaf 1982 tot 1988 plaasgevind toe hy diens gedoen het saam met die ''"Judge Advocate General's" (JAG) Korps'' in die Lugmag van die Verenigde State, as 'n prokureur vir die verdediging, en daarna saam met die Lugmag se hoofaanklaer in [[Europa]], wat in [[Wes-Duitsland]] gestasioneer was. Later het sy hele loopbaan in die Reserwemag van die VSA Lugmag gelyktydig saamgeval met sy kongressionele loopbaan. Die Brons Ster Medalje is in 2014 aan hom toegeken. Graham het as 'n prokureur in 'n privaatpraktyk gewerk voordat hy een termyn gedien het in die Suid-Carolina Huis van Verteenwoordigers, vanaf 1993 tot 1995. Sy nasionale kongressionele loopbaan het begin toe hy verkies was in die eerste van vier termyne na die [[Verenigde State Huis van Verteenwoordigers]], as verteenwoordiger van Suid-Carolina se 3de kongressionele distrik vanaf 1995 tot 2003. In 2002 het Graham die Verenigde State Senaatsverkiesing in Suid-Carolina gewen, nadat die agt-term gevestigde Republikeinse senator, [[Strom Thurmond]], sy aftrede aangekondig het. Hy het 'n tweede termyn gewen in 2008 en 'n derde termyn in 2014. Graham is 'n afgetrede Kolonel van die Reserwemag van die [[Amerikaanse Lugmag]], en is in die Senaat bekend om sy voorspraak vir 'n sterk nasionale verdedigingsmag en vir sy aggressiewe beleid van ingryping of tussenkoms wat internasionale konflikte betref. Graham het tussen Junie en Desember 2015 in sy eerste en enigste presidensiële veldtog deelgeneem, maar het uitgeval voordat die 2016 Republikeinse "primaries" begin het. Hy was 'n uitgesproke kritikus van President [[Donald Trump]] se kandidatuurskap, en het nie veel gehou van President Trump se kommentaar oor [[John McCain]] nie. Sedert 2017 het Graham egter 'n ommeswaai gemaak, sy standpunte op President Trump verander en 'n stoere ondersteuner van die president geword. == Verwysings == {{Verwysings}} == Eksterne skakels == * ''Lindsey Graham erupts: Kavanaugh hearing an unethical sham'' (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RTBxPPx62s4) {{Normdata}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Graham, Lindsey}} [[Kategorie:Amerikaanse politici]] [[Kategorie:Geboortes in 1955]] [[Kategorie:Lewende mense]] 6t2gbnkn0g98srp66wchyy0kqub4xeg 2917094 2917081 2026-07-12T11:33:10Z Sobaka 328 opdateer 2917094 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Lêer:Lindsey Graham, Official Portrait 2006.jpg|thumb|Lindsey Graham]] '''Lindsey Olin Graham''' (9 Julie [[1955]] – [[11 Julie]] [[2026]]) was 'n Amerikaanse politikus wat tans dien as die senior Senator van [[Suid-Carolina]] in die Senaat van die [[Verenigde State van Amerika]]. Hy hou die pos al sedert 2003. Vanaf 2019 tot met sy afsterwe was hy die Voorsitter van die Verenigde State Komitee op die Regbank. Hy was 'n lid van die [[Republikeinse Party (Verenigde State)]]. Graham is 'n boorling van sentraal [[Suid-Carolina]], en het sy ''Juris Doctor'' graad ontvang van die [[Regskool van die Universiteit van Suid-Carolina]]. Die grootste deel van sy aktiewe diens in die [[Amerikaanse Weermag]] het vanaf 1982 tot 1988 plaasgevind toe hy diens gedoen het saam met die ''"Judge Advocate General's" (JAG) Korps'' in die Lugmag van die Verenigde State, as 'n prokureur vir die verdediging, en daarna saam met die Lugmag se hoofaanklaer in [[Europa]], wat in [[Wes-Duitsland]] gestasioneer was. Later het sy hele loopbaan in die Reserwemag van die VSA Lugmag gelyktydig saamgeval met sy kongressionele loopbaan. Die Brons Ster Medalje is in 2014 aan hom toegeken. Graham het as 'n prokureur in 'n privaatpraktyk gewerk voordat hy een termyn gedien het in die Suid-Carolina Huis van Verteenwoordigers, vanaf 1993 tot 1995. Sy nasionale kongressionele loopbaan het begin toe hy verkies was in die eerste van vier termyne na die [[Verenigde State Huis van Verteenwoordigers]], as verteenwoordiger van Suid-Carolina se 3de kongressionele distrik vanaf 1995 tot 2003. In 2002 het Graham die Verenigde State Senaatsverkiesing in Suid-Carolina gewen, nadat die agt-term gevestigde Republikeinse senator, [[Strom Thurmond]], sy aftrede aangekondig het. Hy het 'n tweede termyn gewen in 2008 en 'n derde termyn in 2014. Graham is 'n afgetrede Kolonel van die Reserwemag van die [[Amerikaanse Lugmag]], en is in die Senaat bekend om sy voorspraak vir 'n sterk nasionale verdedigingsmag en vir sy aggressiewe beleid van ingryping of tussenkoms wat internasionale konflikte betref. Graham het tussen Junie en Desember 2015 in sy eerste en enigste presidensiële veldtog deelgeneem, maar het uitgeval voordat die 2016 Republikeinse "primaries" begin het. Hy was 'n uitgesproke kritikus van President [[Donald Trump]] se kandidatuurskap, en het nie veel gehou van President Trump se kommentaar oor [[John McCain]] nie. Sedert 2017 het Graham egter 'n ommeswaai gemaak, sy standpunte op President Trump verander en 'n stoere ondersteuner van die president geword. == Verwysings == {{Verwysings}} == Eksterne skakels == * ''Lindsey Graham erupts: Kavanaugh hearing an unethical sham'' (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RTBxPPx62s4) {{Normdata}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Graham, Lindsey}} [[Kategorie:Amerikaanse politici]] [[Kategorie:Geboortes in 1955]] [[Kategorie:Sterftes in 2026]] i447pn305mnfo7grlowrf8zy2immnys 2917095 2917094 2026-07-12T11:37:35Z Sobaka 328 opruim 2917095 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Lêer:Lindsey Graham, Official Portrait 2006.jpg|thumb|Lindsey Graham]] '''Lindsey Olin Graham''' (9 Julie [[1955]] – [[11 Julie]] [[2026]]) was 'n Amerikaanse politikus wat tans dien as die senior Senator van [[Suid-Carolina]] in die Senaat van die [[Verenigde State van Amerika]]. Hy het die setel behou van 2003 tot 2026. Vanaf 2019 tot met sy afsterwe was hy die Voorsitter van die Verenigde State Komitee op die Regbank. Hy was 'n lid van die [[Republikeinse Party (Verenigde State)]]. Graham is 'n boorling van sentraal [[Suid-Carolina]], en het sy ''Juris Doctor'' graad ontvang van die [[Regskool van die Universiteit van Suid-Carolina]]. Die grootste deel van sy aktiewe diens in die [[Amerikaanse Weermag]] het vanaf 1982 tot 1988 plaasgevind toe hy diens gedoen het saam met die ''"Judge Advocate General's" (JAG) Korps'' in die Lugmag van die Verenigde State, as 'n prokureur vir die verdediging, en daarna saam met die Lugmag se hoofaanklaer in [[Europa]], wat in [[Wes-Duitsland]] gestasioneer was. Later het sy hele loopbaan in die Reserwemag van die VSA Lugmag gelyktydig saamgeval met sy kongressionele loopbaan. Die Brons Ster Medalje is in 2014 aan hom toegeken. Graham het as 'n prokureur in 'n privaatpraktyk gewerk voordat hy een termyn gedien het in die Suid-Carolina Huis van Verteenwoordigers, vanaf 1993 tot 1995. Sy nasionale kongressionele loopbaan het begin toe hy verkies was in die eerste van vier termyne na die [[Amerikaanse Huis van Verteenwoordigers|Verenigde State Huis van Verteenwoordigers]], as verteenwoordiger van Suid-Carolina se 3de kongressionele distrik vanaf 1995 tot 2003. In 2002 het Graham die Verenigde State Senaatsverkiesing in Suid-Carolina gewen, nadat die agt-term gevestigde Republikeinse senator, [[Strom Thurmond]], sy aftrede aangekondig het. Hy het 'n tweede termyn gewen in 2008 en 'n derde termyn in 2014. Graham was 'n afgetrede Kolonel van die Reserwemag van die [[Amerikaanse Lugmag]], en was in die Senaat bekend om sy voorspraak vir 'n sterk nasionale verdedigingsmag en vir sy aggressiewe beleid van ingryping of tussenkoms wat internasionale konflikte betref. Graham het tussen Junie en Desember 2015 in sy eerste en enigste presidensiële veldtog deelgeneem, maar het uitgeval voordat die 2016 Republikeinse "primaries" begin het. Hy was 'n uitgesproke kritikus van President [[Donald Trump]] se kandidatuurskap, en het nie veel gehou van President Trump se kommentaar oor [[John McCain]] nie. Sedert 2017 het Graham egter 'n ommeswaai gemaak, sy standpunte op President Trump verander en 'n stoere ondersteuner van die president geword. == Verwysings == {{Verwysings}} == Eksterne skakels == * ''Lindsey Graham erupts: Kavanaugh hearing an unethical sham'' (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RTBxPPx62s4) {{Normdata}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Graham, Lindsey}} [[Kategorie:Amerikaanse politici]] [[Kategorie:Geboortes in 1955]] [[Kategorie:Sterftes in 2026]] 5sipi7v24aurjpam34jvnz73qul4fiw 2917096 2917095 2026-07-12T11:38:58Z Sobaka 328 opdateer 2917096 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Lêer:Lindsey Graham, Official Portrait 2006.jpg|thumb|Lindsey Graham]] '''Lindsey Olin Graham''' (9 Julie [[1955]] – [[11 Julie]] [[2026]]) was 'n Amerikaanse politikus het gedien as die senior Senator van [[Suid-Carolina]] in die Senaat van die [[Verenigde State van Amerika]] tot met sy afsterwe. Hy het die setel behou van 2003 tot 2026. Vanaf 2019 tot met sy afsterwe was hy die Voorsitter van die Verenigde State Komitee op die Regbank. Hy was 'n lid van die [[Republikeinse Party (Verenigde State)]]. Graham is 'n boorling van sentraal [[Suid-Carolina]], en het sy ''Juris Doctor'' graad ontvang van die [[Regskool van die Universiteit van Suid-Carolina]]. Die grootste deel van sy aktiewe diens in die [[Amerikaanse Weermag]] het vanaf 1982 tot 1988 plaasgevind toe hy diens gedoen het saam met die ''"Judge Advocate General's" (JAG) Korps'' in die Lugmag van die Verenigde State, as 'n prokureur vir die verdediging, en daarna saam met die Lugmag se hoofaanklaer in [[Europa]], wat in [[Wes-Duitsland]] gestasioneer was. Later het sy hele loopbaan in die Reserwemag van die VSA Lugmag gelyktydig saamgeval met sy kongressionele loopbaan. Die Brons Ster Medalje is in 2014 aan hom toegeken. Graham het as 'n prokureur in 'n privaatpraktyk gewerk voordat hy een termyn gedien het in die Suid-Carolina Huis van Verteenwoordigers, vanaf 1993 tot 1995. Sy nasionale kongressionele loopbaan het begin toe hy verkies was in die eerste van vier termyne na die [[Amerikaanse Huis van Verteenwoordigers|Verenigde State Huis van Verteenwoordigers]], as verteenwoordiger van Suid-Carolina se 3de kongressionele distrik vanaf 1995 tot 2003. In 2002 het Graham die Verenigde State Senaatsverkiesing in Suid-Carolina gewen, nadat die agt-term gevestigde Republikeinse senator, [[Strom Thurmond]], sy aftrede aangekondig het. Hy het 'n tweede termyn gewen in 2008 en 'n derde termyn in 2014. Graham was 'n afgetrede Kolonel van die Reserwemag van die [[Amerikaanse Lugmag]], en was in die Senaat bekend om sy voorspraak vir 'n sterk nasionale verdedigingsmag en vir sy aggressiewe beleid van ingryping of tussenkoms wat internasionale konflikte betref. Graham het tussen Junie en Desember 2015 in sy eerste en enigste presidensiële veldtog deelgeneem, maar het uitgeval voordat die 2016 Republikeinse "primaries" begin het. Hy was 'n uitgesproke kritikus van President [[Donald Trump]] se kandidatuurskap, en het nie veel gehou van President Trump se kommentaar oor [[John McCain]] nie. Sedert 2017 het Graham egter 'n ommeswaai gemaak, sy standpunte op President Trump verander en 'n stoere ondersteuner van die president geword. == Verwysings == {{Verwysings}} == Eksterne skakels == * ''Lindsey Graham erupts: Kavanaugh hearing an unethical sham'' (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RTBxPPx62s4) {{Normdata}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Graham, Lindsey}} [[Kategorie:Amerikaanse politici]] [[Kategorie:Geboortes in 1955]] [[Kategorie:Sterftes in 2026]] npxa6pl74dsgsm3nmuyx795e4hw0r6c 2917097 2917096 2026-07-12T11:41:07Z Sobaka 328 2917097 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Lêer:Lindsey Graham, Official Portrait 2006.jpg|thumb|Lindsey Graham]] '''Lindsey Olin Graham''' (9 Julie [[1955]] – [[11 Julie]] [[2026]]) was 'n Amerikaanse politikus het gedien as die senior Senator van [[Suid-Carolina]] in die Senaat van die [[Verenigde State van Amerika]] tot met sy afsterwe. Hy het die setel behou van 2003 tot 2026. Vanaf 2019 tot 2025 was hy die Voorsitter van die Verenigde State Komitee oor die Regbank. Hy was 'n lid van die [[Republikeinse Party (Verenigde State)]]. Graham is 'n boorling van sentraal [[Suid-Carolina]], en het sy ''Juris Doctor'' graad ontvang van die [[Regskool van die Universiteit van Suid-Carolina]]. Die grootste deel van sy aktiewe diens in die [[Amerikaanse Weermag]] het vanaf 1982 tot 1988 plaasgevind toe hy diens gedoen het saam met die ''"Judge Advocate General's" (JAG) Korps'' in die Lugmag van die Verenigde State, as 'n prokureur vir die verdediging, en daarna saam met die Lugmag se hoofaanklaer in [[Europa]], wat in [[Wes-Duitsland]] gestasioneer was. Later het sy hele loopbaan in die Reserwemag van die VSA Lugmag gelyktydig saamgeval met sy kongressionele loopbaan. Die Brons Ster Medalje is in 2014 aan hom toegeken. Graham het as 'n prokureur in 'n privaatpraktyk gewerk voordat hy een termyn gedien het in die Suid-Carolina Huis van Verteenwoordigers, vanaf 1993 tot 1995. Sy nasionale kongressionele loopbaan het begin toe hy verkies was in die eerste van vier termyne na die [[Amerikaanse Huis van Verteenwoordigers|Verenigde State Huis van Verteenwoordigers]], as verteenwoordiger van Suid-Carolina se 3de kongressionele distrik vanaf 1995 tot 2003. In 2002 het Graham die Verenigde State Senaatsverkiesing in Suid-Carolina gewen, nadat die agt-term gevestigde Republikeinse senator, [[Strom Thurmond]], sy aftrede aangekondig het. Hy het 'n tweede termyn gewen in 2008 en 'n derde termyn in 2014. Graham was 'n afgetrede Kolonel van die Reserwemag van die [[Amerikaanse Lugmag]], en was in die Senaat bekend om sy voorspraak vir 'n sterk nasionale verdedigingsmag en vir sy aggressiewe beleid van ingryping of tussenkoms wat internasionale konflikte betref. Graham het tussen Junie en Desember 2015 in sy eerste en enigste presidensiële veldtog deelgeneem, maar het uitgeval voordat die 2016 Republikeinse "primaries" begin het. Hy was 'n uitgesproke kritikus van President [[Donald Trump]] se kandidatuurskap, en het nie veel gehou van President Trump se kommentaar oor [[John McCain]] nie. Sedert 2017 het Graham egter 'n ommeswaai gemaak, sy standpunte op President Trump verander en 'n stoere ondersteuner van die president geword. == Verwysings == {{Verwysings}} == Eksterne skakels == * ''Lindsey Graham erupts: Kavanaugh hearing an unethical sham'' (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RTBxPPx62s4) {{Normdata}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Graham, Lindsey}} [[Kategorie:Amerikaanse politici]] [[Kategorie:Geboortes in 1955]] [[Kategorie:Sterftes in 2026]] quiuqwsitlutd60rkp3gs5yxu2fkk33 0 319716 2917034 2916932 2026-07-11T19:29:35Z HermanvanAswegen988 200973 Verbeter. 2917034 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Inligtingskas Outeur | naam = Henri-Alban Fournier | beeld = Alain-Fournier, full portrait, 1905.jpg | onderskrif = Fournier in 1905 | pseudoniem = Alain-Fournier | geboortenaam = Henri-Alban Fournier | geboortedatum = {{geboortedatum|1886|10|3}} | geboorteplek = La Chapelle-d'Angillon, Berry, Frankryk | sterfdatum = {{sterfdatum en ouderdom|1914|9|22|1886|10|3}} | sterfplek = naby Vaux-lès-Palameix, [[Lotaringe]], Frankryk | beroep = [[Roman]]sier, kritikus en soldaat | nasionaliteit = [[Franse|Frans]] | noemenswaardige_werke= ''[[Le Grand Meaulnes]]'' }} [[Lêer:Alain-Fournier_in_1905.jpg|duimnael|Alain-Fournier in 1905]] '''Alain-Fournier''' ([[3 Oktober]] [[1886]], La Chapelle-d'Angillon - [[22 September]] [[1914]], Les Éparges) is die [[skuilnaam]] vir die Franse [[skrywer]] '''Henri-Alban Fournier'''. Fournier is gebore uit 'n familie van onderwysers. Hy is deur sy vader onderrig in die dorpskool Épineuil-le-Fleuriel ([[Cher (département)|Cher]]). As 18-jarige is hy verlief op Yvonne Quiévrecourt, maar word verwerp. Hierdie ervaring sou regdeur sy lewe 'n obsessie bly en die basis vorm vir ''[[Le Grand Meaulnes]]'' (1913), waarin hy 'n "droom- en kinderwêreld optower" wat reeds verlore is. Dit is een van die belangrikste werke in die Franse letterkunde en een van die weinig suksesvolle boeke van die [[simbolisme]]. Die boek is as 'n meesterstuk geprys en het op naelskraapse wyse die gesogte Prix Goncourt misgeloop. In 2006 is die boek verfilm deur Jean-Daniel Verhaeghe. [[Lêer:Alain_Fournier-tombe.jpg|duimnael|Graf van Alain-Fournier in die begraafplaas van Saint-Remy-la-Calonne]] Afgesien van 'n aantal gedigte, essays en verhale wat gebundel is in die [[postuum]] gebundelde ''Miracles'' ([[1924]]), was dit die enigste werk wat hy sou voltooi. Hy is as luitenant opgeroep en het in die 288ste infanterieregiment gedien. Hy sterf tydens een van die eerste veldslae van die [[Eerste Wêreldoorlog]] naby [[Verdun]]. Hy is in 'n massagraf begrawe. Na 'n 14-jarige soektog is sy liggaam uiteindelik in 1991 geïdentifiseer en in die begraafplaas van Saint-Remy-la-Calonne herbegrawe. == Biografie == Alain-Fournier is gebore in La Chapelle-d'Angillon, in die [[Cher (département)|Cher]] ''[[département]]'' in sentraal-Frankryk, as die seun van skoolonderwysers. Almal wat hom geken het, het hom "Henri" of "Fournier" genoem, aangesien "Alain-Fournier" bloot 'n nom-de-plume was. Hy het 'n jonger suster genaamd Isabelle gehad, aan wie hy baie geheg was. Sy was regdeur sy lewe een van sy eerste lesers, sy vertroueling, vriendin en ondersteuner.<ref name="ReferenceA">"Vie et passion d'Alain-Fournier" deur Isabelle Rivière</ref> Hy het aan die Lycée Lakanal in Sceaux, Hauts-de-Seine, naby Parys, gestudeer, waar hy voorberei het vir die toelatingseksamen tot die École Normale Supérieure. Hier het het sy medestudent Jacques Rivière ontmoet, en die twee het goeie vriende geword, hoewel dit 'n rukkie geneem het aangesien Henri se rebelse en speelse aard Jacques aanvanklik vervreem het. Hy was destyds die leier van 'n groep seuns wat teen ontgroening geveg het en rewolusionêre petisies versprei het. Oor hul groeiende vriendskap het Jacques Rivière geskryf: "Onder sy ongetemde uiterlike het ek hom in die aangesig van die lewe ondervind as teer en naïef, gevul met 'n soet, dromerige aard, en selfs oneindig meer kwesbaar as ek". Die twee het uitgerekte en insiggewende gesprekke gehad en dieselfde sensitiwiteit en liefde vir woorde en poësie gedeel, veral wat die [[Simbolisme|Simboliste]] betref.<ref name="ReferenceB">Inleiding tot Alain-Fournier se gedigte deur Jacques Rivière</ref> Vroeg in 1905 het hy begin om gedigte neer te pen soos "L'ondée" (Die stort) en "Conte du soleil et de la route" (Verhaal van die son en die pad). Hy het hulle met sy suster Isabelle gedeel, wat hulle lieflik gevind het en vir hom geskryf het: "Alleen in jou het ek werklik 'n sterk en vurige siel aangevoel, 'n digter se siel, iemand wat ly en voel; 'n gestroopte siel, gestroop van al hierdie dinge wat al die ander bederf en verduister, en slegs met jou het ek gevoel dat ek werklik ek was, dat ek alles kon wys, dat jy alles sou verstaan".<ref>Brief van Isabelle aan Alain-Fournier, 4 Junie 1905</ref> Op die eerste dag van Junie 1905, terwyl hy langs die oewers van die [[Seine]] gestap het, het Henri vir Yvonne de Quièvrecourt raakgesien terwyl sy in die teenoorgestelde rigting geloop het. Hy was betower, en het haar aan boord van 'n rivierboot en in die strate gevolg, en uiteindelik na die huis waar sy gewoon het. Hy het 'n paar keer in die dae daarna daarheen teruggekeer in die hoop om haar te ontmoet. Tien dae later, op 11 Junie, het hy uiteindelik sy kans gehad toe sy op haar eie uitgegaan het. Hy het haar weer gevolg, totdat hy die moed bymekaargeskraap het om met haar te praat. Yvonne het hom eers afgewys, maar hy het uiteindelik haar vertroue gewen, en hulle het saam geloop en gesels. Hierdie oomblik is getrou gefiksionaliseer in ''[[Le Grand Meaulnes]]'', wanneer die karakter Augustin Meaulnes vir die eerste keer vir Yvonne De Galais ontmoet. Yvonne (wat eintlik verloof was) het geheimsinnig gesê: "Ons is kinders, ons het dwaas opgetree" en Henri gevra om haar nie weer te volg nie, alhoewel sy na 'n paar treë omgedraai het en hom lank aangekyk het. voordat sy in die skare verdwyn het.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> 'n Paar dae later het Henri sy herinneringe aan hierdie oomblikke in detail op skrif gestel. Gedurende dieselfde somer het Fournier 'n paar weke in [[Londen]] deurgebring, waar hy vertaalwerk in 'n muurpapierfabriek gedoen het. Hy het 'n tuinpartytjie in Chiswick bygewoon, wat later as inspirasie vir Frantz De Galais se troue in ''[[Le Grand Meaulnes]]'' gedien het. Alhoewel hy verskeie jong Engelse meisies ontmoet het wat gretig was om tyd saam met hom deur te bring, kon hy nie sy gedagtes van Yvonne afhou nie, en hy het hom onttrek.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> In briewe het hy Jacques Rivière in sy vertroue geneem en geskryf: "Ek wens ek kon met jou oor haar, wie se gesig ek die ander aand weer helder voor my gesien het, en wat my hart oneindig aangeroer het, gesels. Ek glo dit is nie net 'n klein romantiese episode nie".<ref>Brief van Alain-Fournier aan Jacques Rivière, 9 Julie 1905</ref> Hy het ook sy nuutste gedig "A travers les étés" (Van somer tot somer), wat die verhaal van hul ontmoeting vertel, met Rivière gedeel.<ref name="ReferenceC">Briefwisseling tussen Jacques Rivière en Alain-Fournier</ref> Fournier het hierna teruggekeer na Parys om sy studies voort te sit (1905-1907). In sy briefwisseling het hy vertel hoe terneergedruk hy gevoel het, dat sy studies en die idee om 'n loopbaan na te streef vir hom betekenisloos geword het, en dat hy gevoel het dat hy sy ouers in daardie opsig nie tevrede kon stel nie. Hy het aan Rivière geskryf: "Sedert ek hier aangekom het, is daar iets wat my laat voel asof ek versmoor. Ek veg met alles binne in my om weer moed en selfvertroue bymekaar te skraap. Dis moeilik en donker en onverklaarbaar".<ref>Brief van Alain-Fournier aan Jacques Rivière, 4 Oktober 1905</ref> Aan Isabelle het hy vertel: "Hierdie eksamen kan my nie motiveer nie. Dit is so ver van 'n ideaal af, dat ek dit nie eers kan beskou as 'n korttermyn doelwit of 'n eerste stap nie. Van nou af kan ek myself nie daartoe bring om my brein hiervoor te gebruik nie. [...] My lewe lê nie daarin om te studeer en myself uit te put nie. My enigste spyt is dat ek my ouers teleurstel. Ek het lankal opgehou om deur hulle oë te kyk. En ek sal nie hul ideaal, waaraan hulle baie geld bestee het, vervul nie".<ref>Brief van Alain-Fournier aan Isabelle, 2 Februarie 1906</ref> Gedurende dieselfde jare het hy dikwels teruggekeer na die huis waar hy Yvonne die vorige jaar gesien het. (alhoewel sy nooit teruggekeer het nie) en in Januarie 1906 het hy sy gedig "Et maintenant que c'est la pluie" (En nou dat dit reën) oor hierdie oomblikke en sy verlange na haar geskryf. Op 1 Junie 1906 het hy teruggekeer na dieselfde plek waar hy Yvonne die eerste keer gesien het, en vir haar gewag omdat hy gehoop het dat sy ook na hom soek, maar sy het nie verskyn nie.<ref name="ReferenceC"/> In 1907 het Fournier sy eksamen gedruip. Hy het in die vorige maande gely aan koorsaanvalle as gevolg van uitputting; hy was kognitief gestremd en het tydens die toets aan die slaap geraak. Hy het oorweeg om 'n matroos te word omdat hy die see liefgehad het, maar dit nie verwesentlik nie, aangesien hy bedenkinge oor die tipe werk gehad het.<ref name="ReferenceB"/> Gedurende dieselfde somer het hy uiteindelik uitgevind dat Yvonne getroud was. Hy was hartseer daaroor, en het in briewe sy gevoel van nuutgevonde algehele eensaamheid uitgespreek. Jacques Rivière was pas terug van sy militêre diens, en kon hom daardeur help deur hom saam met sy eie familie met vakansie te neem.<ref name="ReferenceC"/> Van 1907 tot 1909 het Fournier militêre diens verrig. In hierdie tyd het hy ook 'n paar essays, gedigte en verhale gepubliseer, wat later versamel en heruitgegee is onder die naam ''Miracles''. Hy het in briewe aan sy vriende en familie vertel hoe hy gesukkel het met depressie, hopeloosheid en angs gedurende sy diensplig, en hoe gebroke en getraumatiseerd hy gevoel het, selfs nadat hy teruggekeer het.<ref>Briefwisseling tussen Alain-Fournier en sy familie</ref> Hy het 'n literêre kritikus geword en vir die ''Le Journal'' geskryf. Daar het hy [[André Gide]] en Paul Claudel ontmoet. Hy was egter nie tevrede met sy werk nie en hy het gesukkel met die samelewing se verwagtinge teenoor sy eie drome, en die voortdurende vrees om sy jeug te vermors.<ref name="ReferenceD">« Vie et passion d'Alain-Fournier » deur Isabelle Rivière</ref> Sy suster Isabelle en Jacques Rivière het mekaar in 1907 ontmoet, toe Rivière 'n paar weke by hul gesin gebly het. Hulle het gou verlief geraak en in 1909 getrou. Henri het op hierdie stadium by hulle (en sy en Isabelle se ouers) ingewoon, wat hy sou doen tot 1910. Die drie het Parys se bruisende artistieke lewe saam geniet, hoewel Isabelle en Rivière bekommerd was oor Henri se gemoedstoestand.<ref name="ReferenceD"/> Hy en Rivière het hieroor geredekawel in briewe, wat 'n tydelike skeuring tussen hulle veroorsaak het.<ref name="ReferenceC"/> Hy het in verskeie briewe sy ervarings gedeel, wat duidelik sy emosionele nood aangetoon het, soos om byvoorbeeld verdwaal te raak terwyl hy op pad huis toe was,<ref>Brief van Alain-Fournier aan Jacques Rivière, 4 April 1910</ref> of om heeldag in die reën rond te dwaal en nagmerries te hê waar hy sy huis nie kon herken nie en niemand kon hoor nie. <ref>Brief van Alain-Fournier aan Jeanne, 9 Desember 1910</ref> In 1910 het hy 'n verhouding aangeknoop met Jeanne Bruneau, 'n plattelandse hoedemaker. Sy het hom geïnspireer om die karakter Valentine in "[[Le Grand Meaulnes]]" te skep. Hul verhouding het byna kort na hulle ontmoeting geëindig, toe Jeanne hom in vertroue geneem het oor vorige verhoudings. Dit sou tot verskeie argumente en rusies lei. Hy het verskeie romantiese en passievolle briewe aan haar geskryf, wat aantoon hoeveel hy sy ideaal oor liefde met haar wou deel. Hy het gehoop om haar te leer hoe om in ware liefde te glo. Alhoewel hul situasie ongewoon was, aangesien hulle nie getroud of verloof was nie (hy het dit eintlik eers heeltemal vir die ander weggesteek), het hy haar aan Isabelle (saam met sy geliefde niggie Jacqueline) en Rivière (wat later aan Isabelle onthul het dat sy nie 'n woord gesê of selfs na hom gekyk het nie) voorgestel. Hy het oorweeg om met haar te trou, maar hulle verhouding het uiteindelik misluk, veral omdat hy homself nie daartoe kon bring om iemand anders as Yvonne te vra om met hom te trou nie. Hy het ook gevoel dat Jeanne nie daarin geslaag het om die fantasiewêreld wat hy met hom saamgedra het, ten volle te verstaan en te betree nie<ref name="ReferenceA"/>. Hy het aan haar geskryf: "'n Deel van my lewe speel af in 'n ander wêreld, 'n wêreld gevul met verbeelding en kinderlike paradyse. Diegene wat my baie goed ken, is daarvan bewus. Van verskeie vroue het ek reeds gehoop dat hulle saam met my daarheen sou kon gaan. Niemand het ooit nie".<ref>Brief van Alain-Fournier aan Jeanne Bruneau</ref> In 1911 het hy Franse lesse gegee aan sy mededigter [[T.S. Eliot]], wat op daardie stadium in Parys woonagtig was.<ref name="ReferenceD"/> In 1912 het hy sy werk bedank om die persoonlike assistent van die politikus Casimir Perrier te word.<ref name="Tucker 2005 57">{{Cite book|last1= Tucker |first1= Spencer C .|last2=Roberts|first2=Priscilla Mary|date=2005|title=Encyclopedia of World War I|publisher = ABC-Clio|volume=1|page=57|isbn= 1-85109-420-2|oclc=61247250}}</ref> Hy het in 1910 by sy ouers se huis begin skryf aan ''Le Grand Meaulnes'' en aan Rivière en Isabelle geskryf: "Vir twee weke het ek probeer om hierdie boek kunsmatig te konstrueer soos ek begin het. Dit het nêrens heen gegaan nie. Uiteindelik het ek dit alles weggegooi en [...] eenvoudig, direk, soos in een van my briewe, begin skryf. Ek het al hierdie abstraksie en hierdie filosofie waarmee ek verstrengel was, weggegooi. En die wonderlikste ding is dat alles steeds daar is, alles wat ek in my hart voel". ''Le Grand Meaulnes'' is vroeg in 1913 voltooi en aanvanklik gepubliseer in die ''Nouvelle Revue Française'' (van Julie tot Oktober 1913). Hierna is dit in boekvorm uitgegee. Die werk is benoem vir die Prix Goncourt, en is opgedra aan sy suster Isabelle. in deselfde jaar het Henri uiteindelik weer Yvonne se spoor gevind, aangesien Rivière se jonger broer Marc medies studeer het in Rochefort, die dorp waar haar familie gewoon het. Marc het geweet van Fournier se passie vir Yvonne, en hy het dit geopper toe hy aan Yvonne se jonger suster voorgestel is. Henri en Yvonne kon toe weer vir 'n paar dae mekaar sien, terwyl sy besoek aan haar familie gebring het. Sy het hom aan haar moeder, haar suster en haar kinders voorgestel, en hulle kon gesels oor hul eerste ontmoeting en wat dit vir hulle beteken het. Henri het ook aan haar 'n brief getoon wat hy die vorige jaar vir haar geskryf het, en waarin hy sy liefde en getrouheid uitdruk en haar vertel dat sy roman, ''Le Grand Meaulnes'', oor haar gaan.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> In 1914 het Alain-Fournier begin werk aan 'n tweede roman, "Colombe Blanchet", maar dit het onvoltooid gebly toe hy daardie Augustus as luitenant by die leër moes aansluit. Hy sterf 'n maand later, op 22 September 1914, tydens 'n geveg naby Vaux-lès-Palamei ([[Meuse]]).<ref name="Tucker 2005 57"/> Die ligging van sy oorskot was tot 1991 onbekend, waarna hy in die begraafplaas van Saint-Remy-la-Calonne begrawe is. Volgens sommige bronne het die patrollie waarvan Alain-Fournier deel was die bevel ontvang om "op Duitse soldate (draagbaardraers) wat onverwags teëgekom is te skiet"; die patrollie het gehoorsaam.<ref>Ons lees in die voorwoord deur Jean-Jacques Becker tot die heruitgawe van die tetralogie ''Ceux de 14'' deur Maurice Genevoix (Le grand livre du mois, 2000, p. XI), dat "ons nou weet" dat die offisier wat die patrollie (wat Alain-Fournier ingesluit het) aangevoer het, die bevel gegee het om op "Duitse soldate wat onverwags teëgekom is en wat draagbaardraers was, te skiet", vandaar die erns van die Duitse reaksie. Ludwig Harig het dokumente in die militêre argiewe gevind wat besonderhede bevat van die gebeure van 22 September 1914. Franse soldate het 'n Duitse ambulans aangeval en twee ernstig beseerde soldate met houe teen die kop gedood. Daarna is die Franse soldate tereggestel, die skrywer ingesluit. (''Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung'', 12 Mei 2001: "Spuren einer Schlacht").</ref> Volgens Gerd Krumeich, professor aan die Universiteit van Düsseldorf, is dit korrek dat Alain-Fournier se patrollie 'n Duitse ambulans aangeval het, maar dit is moeilik om die feite vas te stel.<ref>Gerd Krumeich, "1914 Alain Fournier Disappears. The Archeology of German Sources", in: ''14/18 Today 2'' (1999), bl. 85-93. Hierdie studie (volgens 'n aantekening in 'n publikasie waarvan G. Krumeich mede-regisseur is), ondersoek hoe propaganda die feit uitgebuit het dat Alain-Fournier se patrollie 'n Duitse ambulans aangeval het. Dit toon ook aan dat dit as gevolg van die rol van propaganda moeilik is om die feite vas te stel. Sien "Frankreich und Deutschland im Krieg (18.-20. Jahrhundert): Zur Kulturgeschichte der europäischen Erbfeindschaft", ''Darstellung nach Kommunikatorengruppen. Ein gemeinsames Forschungsprojekt der Historischen Seminare der TU Braunschweig und der HHU Düsseldorf, gefördert von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (2001-2004)''; Projektleitung: Ute Daniel, Gerd Krumeich, p.44, note 126.</ref> Die meeste van Alain-Fournier se werk is postuum uitgegee: ''Miracles'' ('n bundel gedigte en essays) in 1924, sy briefwisseling met Jacques Rivière in 1926 en sy briewe aan sy familie in 1930. Sy aantekeninge eb sketse vir ''Colombe Blanchet'' is ook gepubliseer. == Bronnelys == * Adam, Frédéric. ''Alain Fournier et ses companons d'arme''. Serpenoise, 2006 * Zoest, Aart van, "Het kwaad in een lieve wereld. Over 'Le Grand Meaulnes' van Alain-Fournier t.g.v. zijn 100e verjaardag, in: ''BZZLLETIN'' 139, Oktober 1986, p.&nbsp;8-19. == Werke == * ''Le Grand Meaulnes'' (wisselend vertaal as "Die Wandelaar, of Die einde van jeug", "Die verlore domein", "Die verlore landgoed" óf "Die onvergeetlike Meaulnes") * ''Colombe Blanchet'' (onvoltooide roman) * ''Lettre au Petit B'' * ''Miracles'' (gedigte) == Eksterne skakels == * [http://www.legrandmeaulnes.com/ Le Grand Meaulnes] {{vertaalvanaf | taalafk = nl | il = Alain-Fournier }} {{Normdata}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Alain-Fournier}} [[Kategorie:Franse skrywers]] [[Kategorie:Geboortes in 1886]] [[Kategorie:Sterftes in 1914]] 0lqu77tlb3pyi7k1zlvlc5xoiic0ja0 2917035 2917034 2026-07-11T19:30:43Z HermanvanAswegen988 200973 2917035 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Inligtingskas Outeur | naam = Henri-Alban Fournier | beeld = Alain-Fournier, full portrait, 1905.jpg | onderskrif = Fournier in 1905 | geboortenaam = Henri-Alban Fournier | geboortedatum = {{geboortedatum|1886|10|3}} | geboorteplek = La Chapelle-d'Angillon, Berry, Frankryk | sterfdatum = {{sterfdatum en ouderdom|1914|9|22|1886|10|3}} | sterfplek = naby Vaux-lès-Palameix, [[Lotaringe]], Frankryk | beroep = [[Roman]]sier, kritikus en soldaat | nasionaliteit = [[Franse|Frans]] | noemenswaardige_werke= ''[[Le Grand Meaulnes]]'' }} [[Lêer:Alain-Fournier_in_1905.jpg|duimnael|Alain-Fournier in 1905]] '''Alain-Fournier''' ([[3 Oktober]] [[1886]], La Chapelle-d'Angillon - [[22 September]] [[1914]], Les Éparges) is die [[skuilnaam]] vir die Franse [[skrywer]] '''Henri-Alban Fournier'''. Fournier is gebore uit 'n familie van onderwysers. Hy is deur sy vader onderrig in die dorpskool Épineuil-le-Fleuriel ([[Cher (département)|Cher]]). As 18-jarige is hy verlief op Yvonne Quiévrecourt, maar word verwerp. Hierdie ervaring sou regdeur sy lewe 'n obsessie bly en die basis vorm vir ''[[Le Grand Meaulnes]]'' (1913), waarin hy 'n "droom- en kinderwêreld optower" wat reeds verlore is. Dit is een van die belangrikste werke in die Franse letterkunde en een van die weinig suksesvolle boeke van die [[simbolisme]]. Die boek is as 'n meesterstuk geprys en het op naelskraapse wyse die gesogte Prix Goncourt misgeloop. In 2006 is die boek verfilm deur Jean-Daniel Verhaeghe. [[Lêer:Alain_Fournier-tombe.jpg|duimnael|Graf van Alain-Fournier in die begraafplaas van Saint-Remy-la-Calonne]] Afgesien van 'n aantal gedigte, essays en verhale wat gebundel is in die [[postuum]] gebundelde ''Miracles'' ([[1924]]), was dit die enigste werk wat hy sou voltooi. Hy is as luitenant opgeroep en het in die 288ste infanterieregiment gedien. Hy sterf tydens een van die eerste veldslae van die [[Eerste Wêreldoorlog]] naby [[Verdun]]. Hy is in 'n massagraf begrawe. Na 'n 14-jarige soektog is sy liggaam uiteindelik in 1991 geïdentifiseer en in die begraafplaas van Saint-Remy-la-Calonne herbegrawe. == Biografie == Alain-Fournier is gebore in La Chapelle-d'Angillon, in die [[Cher (département)|Cher]] ''[[département]]'' in sentraal-Frankryk, as die seun van skoolonderwysers. Almal wat hom geken het, het hom "Henri" of "Fournier" genoem, aangesien "Alain-Fournier" bloot 'n nom-de-plume was. Hy het 'n jonger suster genaamd Isabelle gehad, aan wie hy baie geheg was. Sy was regdeur sy lewe een van sy eerste lesers, sy vertroueling, vriendin en ondersteuner.<ref name="ReferenceA">"Vie et passion d'Alain-Fournier" deur Isabelle Rivière</ref> Hy het aan die Lycée Lakanal in Sceaux, Hauts-de-Seine, naby Parys, gestudeer, waar hy voorberei het vir die toelatingseksamen tot die École Normale Supérieure. Hier het het sy medestudent Jacques Rivière ontmoet, en die twee het goeie vriende geword, hoewel dit 'n rukkie geneem het aangesien Henri se rebelse en speelse aard Jacques aanvanklik vervreem het. Hy was destyds die leier van 'n groep seuns wat teen ontgroening geveg het en rewolusionêre petisies versprei het. Oor hul groeiende vriendskap het Jacques Rivière geskryf: "Onder sy ongetemde uiterlike het ek hom in die aangesig van die lewe ondervind as teer en naïef, gevul met 'n soet, dromerige aard, en selfs oneindig meer kwesbaar as ek". Die twee het uitgerekte en insiggewende gesprekke gehad en dieselfde sensitiwiteit en liefde vir woorde en poësie gedeel, veral wat die [[Simbolisme|Simboliste]] betref.<ref name="ReferenceB">Inleiding tot Alain-Fournier se gedigte deur Jacques Rivière</ref> Vroeg in 1905 het hy begin om gedigte neer te pen soos "L'ondée" (Die stort) en "Conte du soleil et de la route" (Verhaal van die son en die pad). Hy het hulle met sy suster Isabelle gedeel, wat hulle lieflik gevind het en vir hom geskryf het: "Alleen in jou het ek werklik 'n sterk en vurige siel aangevoel, 'n digter se siel, iemand wat ly en voel; 'n gestroopte siel, gestroop van al hierdie dinge wat al die ander bederf en verduister, en slegs met jou het ek gevoel dat ek werklik ek was, dat ek alles kon wys, dat jy alles sou verstaan".<ref>Brief van Isabelle aan Alain-Fournier, 4 Junie 1905</ref> Op die eerste dag van Junie 1905, terwyl hy langs die oewers van die [[Seine]] gestap het, het Henri vir Yvonne de Quièvrecourt raakgesien terwyl sy in die teenoorgestelde rigting geloop het. Hy was betower, en het haar aan boord van 'n rivierboot en in die strate gevolg, en uiteindelik na die huis waar sy gewoon het. Hy het 'n paar keer in die dae daarna daarheen teruggekeer in die hoop om haar te ontmoet. Tien dae later, op 11 Junie, het hy uiteindelik sy kans gehad toe sy op haar eie uitgegaan het. Hy het haar weer gevolg, totdat hy die moed bymekaargeskraap het om met haar te praat. Yvonne het hom eers afgewys, maar hy het uiteindelik haar vertroue gewen, en hulle het saam geloop en gesels. Hierdie oomblik is getrou gefiksionaliseer in ''[[Le Grand Meaulnes]]'', wanneer die karakter Augustin Meaulnes vir die eerste keer vir Yvonne De Galais ontmoet. Yvonne (wat eintlik verloof was) het geheimsinnig gesê: "Ons is kinders, ons het dwaas opgetree" en Henri gevra om haar nie weer te volg nie, alhoewel sy na 'n paar treë omgedraai het en hom lank aangekyk het. voordat sy in die skare verdwyn het.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> 'n Paar dae later het Henri sy herinneringe aan hierdie oomblikke in detail op skrif gestel. Gedurende dieselfde somer het Fournier 'n paar weke in [[Londen]] deurgebring, waar hy vertaalwerk in 'n muurpapierfabriek gedoen het. Hy het 'n tuinpartytjie in Chiswick bygewoon, wat later as inspirasie vir Frantz De Galais se troue in ''[[Le Grand Meaulnes]]'' gedien het. Alhoewel hy verskeie jong Engelse meisies ontmoet het wat gretig was om tyd saam met hom deur te bring, kon hy nie sy gedagtes van Yvonne afhou nie, en hy het hom onttrek.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> In briewe het hy Jacques Rivière in sy vertroue geneem en geskryf: "Ek wens ek kon met jou oor haar, wie se gesig ek die ander aand weer helder voor my gesien het, en wat my hart oneindig aangeroer het, gesels. Ek glo dit is nie net 'n klein romantiese episode nie".<ref>Brief van Alain-Fournier aan Jacques Rivière, 9 Julie 1905</ref> Hy het ook sy nuutste gedig "A travers les étés" (Van somer tot somer), wat die verhaal van hul ontmoeting vertel, met Rivière gedeel.<ref name="ReferenceC">Briefwisseling tussen Jacques Rivière en Alain-Fournier</ref> Fournier het hierna teruggekeer na Parys om sy studies voort te sit (1905-1907). In sy briefwisseling het hy vertel hoe terneergedruk hy gevoel het, dat sy studies en die idee om 'n loopbaan na te streef vir hom betekenisloos geword het, en dat hy gevoel het dat hy sy ouers in daardie opsig nie tevrede kon stel nie. Hy het aan Rivière geskryf: "Sedert ek hier aangekom het, is daar iets wat my laat voel asof ek versmoor. Ek veg met alles binne in my om weer moed en selfvertroue bymekaar te skraap. Dis moeilik en donker en onverklaarbaar".<ref>Brief van Alain-Fournier aan Jacques Rivière, 4 Oktober 1905</ref> Aan Isabelle het hy vertel: "Hierdie eksamen kan my nie motiveer nie. Dit is so ver van 'n ideaal af, dat ek dit nie eers kan beskou as 'n korttermyn doelwit of 'n eerste stap nie. Van nou af kan ek myself nie daartoe bring om my brein hiervoor te gebruik nie. [...] My lewe lê nie daarin om te studeer en myself uit te put nie. My enigste spyt is dat ek my ouers teleurstel. Ek het lankal opgehou om deur hulle oë te kyk. En ek sal nie hul ideaal, waaraan hulle baie geld bestee het, vervul nie".<ref>Brief van Alain-Fournier aan Isabelle, 2 Februarie 1906</ref> Gedurende dieselfde jare het hy dikwels teruggekeer na die huis waar hy Yvonne die vorige jaar gesien het. (alhoewel sy nooit teruggekeer het nie) en in Januarie 1906 het hy sy gedig "Et maintenant que c'est la pluie" (En nou dat dit reën) oor hierdie oomblikke en sy verlange na haar geskryf. Op 1 Junie 1906 het hy teruggekeer na dieselfde plek waar hy Yvonne die eerste keer gesien het, en vir haar gewag omdat hy gehoop het dat sy ook na hom soek, maar sy het nie verskyn nie.<ref name="ReferenceC"/> In 1907 het Fournier sy eksamen gedruip. Hy het in die vorige maande gely aan koorsaanvalle as gevolg van uitputting; hy was kognitief gestremd en het tydens die toets aan die slaap geraak. Hy het oorweeg om 'n matroos te word omdat hy die see liefgehad het, maar dit nie verwesentlik nie, aangesien hy bedenkinge oor die tipe werk gehad het.<ref name="ReferenceB"/> Gedurende dieselfde somer het hy uiteindelik uitgevind dat Yvonne getroud was. Hy was hartseer daaroor, en het in briewe sy gevoel van nuutgevonde algehele eensaamheid uitgespreek. Jacques Rivière was pas terug van sy militêre diens, en kon hom daardeur help deur hom saam met sy eie familie met vakansie te neem.<ref name="ReferenceC"/> Van 1907 tot 1909 het Fournier militêre diens verrig. In hierdie tyd het hy ook 'n paar essays, gedigte en verhale gepubliseer, wat later versamel en heruitgegee is onder die naam ''Miracles''. Hy het in briewe aan sy vriende en familie vertel hoe hy gesukkel het met depressie, hopeloosheid en angs gedurende sy diensplig, en hoe gebroke en getraumatiseerd hy gevoel het, selfs nadat hy teruggekeer het.<ref>Briefwisseling tussen Alain-Fournier en sy familie</ref> Hy het 'n literêre kritikus geword en vir die ''Le Journal'' geskryf. Daar het hy [[André Gide]] en Paul Claudel ontmoet. Hy was egter nie tevrede met sy werk nie en hy het gesukkel met die samelewing se verwagtinge teenoor sy eie drome, en die voortdurende vrees om sy jeug te vermors.<ref name="ReferenceD">« Vie et passion d'Alain-Fournier » deur Isabelle Rivière</ref> Sy suster Isabelle en Jacques Rivière het mekaar in 1907 ontmoet, toe Rivière 'n paar weke by hul gesin gebly het. Hulle het gou verlief geraak en in 1909 getrou. Henri het op hierdie stadium by hulle (en sy en Isabelle se ouers) ingewoon, wat hy sou doen tot 1910. Die drie het Parys se bruisende artistieke lewe saam geniet, hoewel Isabelle en Rivière bekommerd was oor Henri se gemoedstoestand.<ref name="ReferenceD"/> Hy en Rivière het hieroor geredekawel in briewe, wat 'n tydelike skeuring tussen hulle veroorsaak het.<ref name="ReferenceC"/> Hy het in verskeie briewe sy ervarings gedeel, wat duidelik sy emosionele nood aangetoon het, soos om byvoorbeeld verdwaal te raak terwyl hy op pad huis toe was,<ref>Brief van Alain-Fournier aan Jacques Rivière, 4 April 1910</ref> of om heeldag in die reën rond te dwaal en nagmerries te hê waar hy sy huis nie kon herken nie en niemand kon hoor nie. <ref>Brief van Alain-Fournier aan Jeanne, 9 Desember 1910</ref> In 1910 het hy 'n verhouding aangeknoop met Jeanne Bruneau, 'n plattelandse hoedemaker. Sy het hom geïnspireer om die karakter Valentine in "[[Le Grand Meaulnes]]" te skep. Hul verhouding het byna kort na hulle ontmoeting geëindig, toe Jeanne hom in vertroue geneem het oor vorige verhoudings. Dit sou tot verskeie argumente en rusies lei. Hy het verskeie romantiese en passievolle briewe aan haar geskryf, wat aantoon hoeveel hy sy ideaal oor liefde met haar wou deel. Hy het gehoop om haar te leer hoe om in ware liefde te glo. Alhoewel hul situasie ongewoon was, aangesien hulle nie getroud of verloof was nie (hy het dit eintlik eers heeltemal vir die ander weggesteek), het hy haar aan Isabelle (saam met sy geliefde niggie Jacqueline) en Rivière (wat later aan Isabelle onthul het dat sy nie 'n woord gesê of selfs na hom gekyk het nie) voorgestel. Hy het oorweeg om met haar te trou, maar hulle verhouding het uiteindelik misluk, veral omdat hy homself nie daartoe kon bring om iemand anders as Yvonne te vra om met hom te trou nie. Hy het ook gevoel dat Jeanne nie daarin geslaag het om die fantasiewêreld wat hy met hom saamgedra het, ten volle te verstaan en te betree nie<ref name="ReferenceA"/>. Hy het aan haar geskryf: "'n Deel van my lewe speel af in 'n ander wêreld, 'n wêreld gevul met verbeelding en kinderlike paradyse. Diegene wat my baie goed ken, is daarvan bewus. Van verskeie vroue het ek reeds gehoop dat hulle saam met my daarheen sou kon gaan. Niemand het ooit nie".<ref>Brief van Alain-Fournier aan Jeanne Bruneau</ref> In 1911 het hy Franse lesse gegee aan sy mededigter [[T.S. Eliot]], wat op daardie stadium in Parys woonagtig was.<ref name="ReferenceD"/> In 1912 het hy sy werk bedank om die persoonlike assistent van die politikus Casimir Perrier te word.<ref name="Tucker 2005 57">{{Cite book|last1= Tucker |first1= Spencer C .|last2=Roberts|first2=Priscilla Mary|date=2005|title=Encyclopedia of World War I|publisher = ABC-Clio|volume=1|page=57|isbn= 1-85109-420-2|oclc=61247250}}</ref> Hy het in 1910 by sy ouers se huis begin skryf aan ''Le Grand Meaulnes'' en aan Rivière en Isabelle geskryf: "Vir twee weke het ek probeer om hierdie boek kunsmatig te konstrueer soos ek begin het. Dit het nêrens heen gegaan nie. Uiteindelik het ek dit alles weggegooi en [...] eenvoudig, direk, soos in een van my briewe, begin skryf. Ek het al hierdie abstraksie en hierdie filosofie waarmee ek verstrengel was, weggegooi. En die wonderlikste ding is dat alles steeds daar is, alles wat ek in my hart voel". ''Le Grand Meaulnes'' is vroeg in 1913 voltooi en aanvanklik gepubliseer in die ''Nouvelle Revue Française'' (van Julie tot Oktober 1913). Hierna is dit in boekvorm uitgegee. Die werk is benoem vir die Prix Goncourt, en is opgedra aan sy suster Isabelle. in deselfde jaar het Henri uiteindelik weer Yvonne se spoor gevind, aangesien Rivière se jonger broer Marc medies studeer het in Rochefort, die dorp waar haar familie gewoon het. Marc het geweet van Fournier se passie vir Yvonne, en hy het dit geopper toe hy aan Yvonne se jonger suster voorgestel is. Henri en Yvonne kon toe weer vir 'n paar dae mekaar sien, terwyl sy besoek aan haar familie gebring het. Sy het hom aan haar moeder, haar suster en haar kinders voorgestel, en hulle kon gesels oor hul eerste ontmoeting en wat dit vir hulle beteken het. Henri het ook aan haar 'n brief getoon wat hy die vorige jaar vir haar geskryf het, en waarin hy sy liefde en getrouheid uitdruk en haar vertel dat sy roman, ''Le Grand Meaulnes'', oor haar gaan.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> In 1914 het Alain-Fournier begin werk aan 'n tweede roman, "Colombe Blanchet", maar dit het onvoltooid gebly toe hy daardie Augustus as luitenant by die leër moes aansluit. Hy sterf 'n maand later, op 22 September 1914, tydens 'n geveg naby Vaux-lès-Palamei ([[Meuse]]).<ref name="Tucker 2005 57"/> Die ligging van sy oorskot was tot 1991 onbekend, waarna hy in die begraafplaas van Saint-Remy-la-Calonne begrawe is. Volgens sommige bronne het die patrollie waarvan Alain-Fournier deel was die bevel ontvang om "op Duitse soldate (draagbaardraers) wat onverwags teëgekom is te skiet"; die patrollie het gehoorsaam.<ref>Ons lees in die voorwoord deur Jean-Jacques Becker tot die heruitgawe van die tetralogie ''Ceux de 14'' deur Maurice Genevoix (Le grand livre du mois, 2000, p. XI), dat "ons nou weet" dat die offisier wat die patrollie (wat Alain-Fournier ingesluit het) aangevoer het, die bevel gegee het om op "Duitse soldate wat onverwags teëgekom is en wat draagbaardraers was, te skiet", vandaar die erns van die Duitse reaksie. Ludwig Harig het dokumente in die militêre argiewe gevind wat besonderhede bevat van die gebeure van 22 September 1914. Franse soldate het 'n Duitse ambulans aangeval en twee ernstig beseerde soldate met houe teen die kop gedood. Daarna is die Franse soldate tereggestel, die skrywer ingesluit. (''Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung'', 12 Mei 2001: "Spuren einer Schlacht").</ref> Volgens Gerd Krumeich, professor aan die Universiteit van Düsseldorf, is dit korrek dat Alain-Fournier se patrollie 'n Duitse ambulans aangeval het, maar dit is moeilik om die feite vas te stel.<ref>Gerd Krumeich, "1914 Alain Fournier Disappears. The Archeology of German Sources", in: ''14/18 Today 2'' (1999), bl. 85-93. Hierdie studie (volgens 'n aantekening in 'n publikasie waarvan G. Krumeich mede-regisseur is), ondersoek hoe propaganda die feit uitgebuit het dat Alain-Fournier se patrollie 'n Duitse ambulans aangeval het. Dit toon ook aan dat dit as gevolg van die rol van propaganda moeilik is om die feite vas te stel. Sien "Frankreich und Deutschland im Krieg (18.-20. Jahrhundert): Zur Kulturgeschichte der europäischen Erbfeindschaft", ''Darstellung nach Kommunikatorengruppen. Ein gemeinsames Forschungsprojekt der Historischen Seminare der TU Braunschweig und der HHU Düsseldorf, gefördert von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (2001-2004)''; Projektleitung: Ute Daniel, Gerd Krumeich, p.44, note 126.</ref> Die meeste van Alain-Fournier se werk is postuum uitgegee: ''Miracles'' ('n bundel gedigte en essays) in 1924, sy briefwisseling met Jacques Rivière in 1926 en sy briewe aan sy familie in 1930. Sy aantekeninge eb sketse vir ''Colombe Blanchet'' is ook gepubliseer. == Verwysings == {{Verwysings}} == Bronnelys == * Adam, Frédéric. ''Alain Fournier et ses companons d'arme''. Serpenoise, 2006 * Zoest, Aart van, "Het kwaad in een lieve wereld. Over 'Le Grand Meaulnes' van Alain-Fournier t.g.v. zijn 100e verjaardag, in: ''BZZLLETIN'' 139, Oktober 1986, p.&nbsp;8-19. == Werke == * ''Le Grand Meaulnes'' (wisselend vertaal as "Die Wandelaar, of Die einde van jeug", "Die verlore domein", "Die verlore landgoed" óf "Die onvergeetlike Meaulnes") * ''Colombe Blanchet'' (onvoltooide roman) * ''Lettre au Petit B'' * ''Miracles'' (gedigte) == Eksterne skakels == * [http://www.legrandmeaulnes.com/ Le Grand Meaulnes] {{vertaalvanaf | taalafk = nl | il = Alain-Fournier }} {{Normdata}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Alain-Fournier}} [[Kategorie:Franse skrywers]] [[Kategorie:Geboortes in 1886]] [[Kategorie:Sterftes in 1914]] bkvmwvt5x3ztdb9ep46ax58bcrb5yu6 2917036 2917035 2026-07-11T19:32:11Z HermanvanAswegen988 200973 2917036 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Inligtingskas Outeur | naam = Henri-Alban Fournier | beeld = Alain-Fournier, full portrait, 1905.jpg | onderskrif = Fournier in 1905 | geboortenaam = Henri-Alban Fournier | geboortedatum = {{geboortedatum|1886|10|3}} | geboorteplek = La Chapelle-d'Angillon, Berry, Frankryk | sterfdatum = {{sterfdatum en ouderdom|1914|9|22|1886|10|3}} | sterfplek = naby Vaux-lès-Palameix, [[Lotaringe]], Frankryk | beroep = [[Roman]]sier, kritikus en soldaat | nasionaliteit = [[Franse|Frans]] | noemenswaardige_werke= ''[[Le Grand Meaulnes]]'' }} [[Lêer:Alain-Fournier_in_1905.jpg|duimnael|Alain-Fournier in 1905]] '''Alain-Fournier''' ([[3 Oktober]] [[1886]], La Chapelle-d'Angillon - [[22 September]] [[1914]], Les Éparges) is die [[skuilnaam]] vir die Franse [[skrywer]] '''Henri-Alban Fournier'''. Fournier is gebore uit 'n familie van onderwysers. Hy is deur sy vader onderrig in die dorpskool Épineuil-le-Fleuriel ([[Cher (département)|Cher]]). As 18-jarige is hy verlief op Yvonne Quiévrecourt, maar word verwerp. Hierdie ervaring sou regdeur sy lewe 'n obsessie bly en die basis vorm vir ''[[Le Grand Meaulnes]]'' (1913), waarin hy 'n "droom- en kinderwêreld optower" wat reeds verlore is. Dit is een van die belangrikste werke in die Franse letterkunde en een van die weinig suksesvolle boeke van die [[simbolisme]]. Die boek is as 'n meesterstuk geprys en het op naelskraapse wyse die gesogte Prix Goncourt misgeloop. In 2006 is die boek verfilm deur Jean-Daniel Verhaeghe. [[Lêer:Alain_Fournier-tombe.jpg|duimnael|Graf van Alain-Fournier in die begraafplaas van Saint-Remy-la-Calonne]] Afgesien van 'n aantal gedigte, essays en verhale wat gebundel is in die [[postuum]] gebundelde ''Miracles'' ([[1924]]), was dit die enigste werk wat hy sou voltooi. Hy is as luitenant opgeroep en het in die 288ste infanterieregiment gedien. Hy sterf tydens een van die eerste veldslae van die [[Eerste Wêreldoorlog]] naby [[Verdun]]. Hy is in 'n massagraf begrawe. Na 'n 14-jarige soektog is sy liggaam uiteindelik in 1991 geïdentifiseer en in die begraafplaas van Saint-Remy-la-Calonne herbegrawe. == Biografie == Alain-Fournier is gebore in La Chapelle-d'Angillon, in die [[Cher (département)|Cher]] ''[[département]]'' in sentraal-Frankryk, as die seun van skoolonderwysers. Almal wat hom geken het, het hom "Henri" of "Fournier" genoem, aangesien "Alain-Fournier" bloot 'n nom-de-plume was. Hy het 'n jonger suster genaamd Isabelle gehad, aan wie hy baie geheg was. Sy was regdeur sy lewe een van sy eerste lesers, sy vertroueling, vriendin en ondersteuner.<ref name="ReferenceA">"Vie et passion d'Alain-Fournier" deur Isabelle Rivière</ref> Hy het aan die Lycée Lakanal in Sceaux, Hauts-de-Seine, naby Parys, gestudeer, waar hy voorberei het vir die toelatingseksamen tot die École Normale Supérieure. Hier het het sy medestudent Jacques Rivière ontmoet, en die twee het goeie vriende geword, hoewel dit 'n rukkie geneem het aangesien Henri se rebelse en speelse aard Jacques aanvanklik vervreem het. Hy was destyds die leier van 'n groep seuns wat teen ontgroening geveg het en rewolusionêre petisies versprei het. Oor hul groeiende vriendskap het Jacques Rivière geskryf: "Onder sy ongetemde uiterlike het ek hom in die aangesig van die lewe ondervind as teer en naïef, gevul met 'n soet, dromerige aard, en selfs oneindig meer kwesbaar as ek". Die twee het uitgerekte en insiggewende gesprekke gehad en dieselfde sensitiwiteit en liefde vir woorde en poësie gedeel, veral wat die [[Simbolisme|Simboliste]] betref.<ref name="ReferenceB">Inleiding tot Alain-Fournier se gedigte deur Jacques Rivière</ref> Vroeg in 1905 het hy begin om gedigte neer te pen soos "L'ondée" (Die stort) en "Conte du soleil et de la route" (Verhaal van die son en die pad). Hy het hulle met sy suster Isabelle gedeel, wat hulle lieflik gevind het en vir hom geskryf het: "Alleen in jou het ek werklik 'n sterk en vurige siel aangevoel, 'n digter se siel, iemand wat ly en voel; 'n gestroopte siel, gestroop van al hierdie dinge wat al die ander bederf en verduister, en slegs met jou het ek gevoel dat ek werklik ek was, dat ek alles kon wys, dat jy alles sou verstaan".<ref>Brief van Isabelle aan Alain-Fournier, 4 Junie 1905</ref> Op die eerste dag van Junie 1905, terwyl hy langs die oewers van die [[Seine]] gestap het, het Henri vir Yvonne de Quièvrecourt raakgesien terwyl sy in die teenoorgestelde rigting geloop het. Hy was betower, en het haar aan boord van 'n rivierboot en in die strate gevolg, en uiteindelik na die huis waar sy gewoon het. Hy het 'n paar keer in die dae daarna daarheen teruggekeer in die hoop om haar te ontmoet. Tien dae later, op 11 Junie, het hy uiteindelik sy kans gehad toe sy op haar eie uitgegaan het. Hy het haar weer gevolg, totdat hy die moed bymekaargeskraap het om met haar te praat. Yvonne het hom eers afgewys, maar hy het uiteindelik haar vertroue gewen, en hulle het saam geloop en gesels. Hierdie oomblik is getrou gefiksionaliseer in ''[[Le Grand Meaulnes]]'', wanneer die karakter Augustin Meaulnes vir die eerste keer vir Yvonne De Galais ontmoet. Yvonne (wat eintlik verloof was) het geheimsinnig gesê: "Ons is kinders, ons het dwaas opgetree" en Henri gevra om haar nie weer te volg nie, alhoewel sy na 'n paar treë omgedraai het en hom lank aangekyk het. voordat sy in die skare verdwyn het.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> 'n Paar dae later het Henri sy herinneringe aan hierdie oomblikke in detail op skrif gestel. Gedurende dieselfde somer het Fournier 'n paar weke in [[Londen]] deurgebring, waar hy vertaalwerk in 'n muurpapierfabriek gedoen het. Hy het 'n tuinpartytjie in Chiswick bygewoon, wat later as inspirasie vir Frantz De Galais se troue in ''[[Le Grand Meaulnes]]'' gedien het. Alhoewel hy verskeie jong Engelse meisies ontmoet het wat gretig was om tyd saam met hom deur te bring, kon hy nie sy gedagtes van Yvonne afhou nie, en hy het hom onttrek.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> In briewe het hy Jacques Rivière in sy vertroue geneem en geskryf: "Ek wens ek kon met jou oor haar, wie se gesig ek die ander aand weer helder voor my gesien het, en wat my hart oneindig aangeroer het, gesels. Ek glo dit is nie net 'n klein romantiese episode nie".<ref>Brief van Alain-Fournier aan Jacques Rivière, 9 Julie 1905</ref> Hy het ook sy nuutste gedig "A travers les étés" (Van somer tot somer), wat die verhaal van hul ontmoeting vertel, met Rivière gedeel.<ref name="ReferenceC">Briefwisseling tussen Jacques Rivière en Alain-Fournier</ref> Fournier het hierna teruggekeer na Parys om sy studies voort te sit (1905-1907). In sy briefwisseling het hy vertel hoe terneergedruk hy gevoel het, dat sy studies en die idee om 'n loopbaan na te streef vir hom betekenisloos geword het, en dat hy gevoel het dat hy sy ouers in daardie opsig nie tevrede kon stel nie. Hy het aan Rivière geskryf: "Sedert ek hier aangekom het, is daar iets wat my laat voel asof ek versmoor. Ek veg met alles binne in my om weer moed en selfvertroue bymekaar te skraap. Dis moeilik en donker en onverklaarbaar".<ref>Brief van Alain-Fournier aan Jacques Rivière, 4 Oktober 1905</ref> Aan Isabelle het hy vertel: "Hierdie eksamen kan my nie motiveer nie. Dit is so ver van 'n ideaal af, dat ek dit nie eers kan beskou as 'n korttermyn doelwit of 'n eerste stap nie. Van nou af kan ek myself nie daartoe bring om my brein hiervoor te gebruik nie. [...] My lewe lê nie daarin om te studeer en myself uit te put nie. My enigste spyt is dat ek my ouers teleurstel. Ek het lankal opgehou om deur hulle oë te kyk. En ek sal nie hul ideaal, waaraan hulle baie geld bestee het, vervul nie".<ref>Brief van Alain-Fournier aan Isabelle, 2 Februarie 1906</ref> Gedurende dieselfde jare het hy dikwels teruggekeer na die huis waar hy Yvonne die vorige jaar gesien het. (alhoewel sy nooit teruggekeer het nie) en in Januarie 1906 het hy sy gedig "Et maintenant que c'est la pluie" (En nou dat dit reën) oor hierdie oomblikke en sy verlange na haar geskryf. Op 1 Junie 1906 het hy teruggekeer na dieselfde plek waar hy Yvonne die eerste keer gesien het, en vir haar gewag omdat hy gehoop het dat sy ook na hom soek, maar sy het nie verskyn nie.<ref name="ReferenceC"/> In 1907 het Fournier sy eksamen gedruip. Hy het in die vorige maande gely aan koorsaanvalle as gevolg van uitputting; hy was kognitief gestremd en het tydens die toets aan die slaap geraak. Hy het oorweeg om 'n matroos te word omdat hy die see liefgehad het, maar dit nie verwesentlik nie, aangesien hy bedenkinge oor die tipe werk gehad het.<ref name="ReferenceB"/> Gedurende dieselfde somer het hy uiteindelik uitgevind dat Yvonne getroud was. Hy was hartseer daaroor, en het in briewe sy gevoel van nuutgevonde algehele eensaamheid uitgespreek. Jacques Rivière was pas terug van sy militêre diens, en kon hom daardeur help deur hom saam met sy eie familie met vakansie te neem.<ref name="ReferenceC"/> Van 1907 tot 1909 het Fournier militêre diens verrig. In hierdie tyd het hy ook 'n paar essays, gedigte en verhale gepubliseer, wat later versamel en heruitgegee is onder die naam ''Miracles''. Hy het in briewe aan sy vriende en familie vertel hoe hy gesukkel het met depressie, hopeloosheid en angs gedurende sy diensplig, en hoe gebroke en getraumatiseerd hy gevoel het, selfs nadat hy teruggekeer het.<ref>Briefwisseling tussen Alain-Fournier en sy familie</ref> Hy het 'n literêre kritikus geword en vir die ''Le Journal'' geskryf. Daar het hy [[André Gide]] en Paul Claudel ontmoet. Hy was egter nie tevrede met sy werk nie en hy het gesukkel met die samelewing se verwagtinge teenoor sy eie drome, en die voortdurende vrees om sy jeug te vermors.<ref name="ReferenceD">« Vie et passion d'Alain-Fournier » deur Isabelle Rivière</ref> Sy suster Isabelle en Jacques Rivière het mekaar in 1907 ontmoet, toe Rivière 'n paar weke by hul gesin gebly het. Hulle het gou verlief geraak en in 1909 getrou. Henri het op hierdie stadium by hulle (en sy en Isabelle se ouers) ingewoon, wat hy sou doen tot 1910. Die drie het Parys se bruisende artistieke lewe saam geniet, hoewel Isabelle en Rivière bekommerd was oor Henri se gemoedstoestand.<ref name="ReferenceD"/> Hy en Rivière het hieroor geredekawel in briewe, wat 'n tydelike skeuring tussen hulle veroorsaak het.<ref name="ReferenceC"/> Hy het in verskeie briewe sy ervarings gedeel, wat duidelik sy emosionele nood aangetoon het, soos om byvoorbeeld verdwaal te raak terwyl hy op pad huis toe was,<ref>Brief van Alain-Fournier aan Jacques Rivière, 4 April 1910</ref> of om heeldag in die reën rond te dwaal en nagmerries te hê waar hy sy huis nie kon herken nie en niemand kon hoor nie. <ref>Brief van Alain-Fournier aan Jeanne, 9 Desember 1910</ref> In 1910 het hy 'n verhouding aangeknoop met Jeanne Bruneau, 'n plattelandse hoedemaker. Sy het hom geïnspireer om die karakter Valentine in "[[Le Grand Meaulnes]]" te skep. Hul verhouding het byna kort na hulle ontmoeting geëindig, toe Jeanne hom in vertroue geneem het oor vorige verhoudings. Dit sou tot verskeie argumente en rusies lei. Hy het verskeie romantiese en passievolle briewe aan haar geskryf, wat aantoon hoeveel hy sy ideaal oor liefde met haar wou deel. Hy het gehoop om haar te leer hoe om in ware liefde te glo. Alhoewel hul situasie ongewoon was, aangesien hulle nie getroud of verloof was nie (hy het dit eintlik eers heeltemal vir die ander weggesteek), het hy haar aan Isabelle (saam met sy geliefde niggie Jacqueline) en Rivière (wat later aan Isabelle onthul het dat sy nie 'n woord gesê of selfs na hom gekyk het nie) voorgestel. Hy het oorweeg om met haar te trou, maar hulle verhouding het uiteindelik misluk, veral omdat hy homself nie daartoe kon bring om iemand anders as Yvonne te vra om met hom te trou nie. Hy het ook gevoel dat Jeanne nie daarin geslaag het om die fantasiewêreld wat hy met hom saamgedra het, ten volle te verstaan en te betree nie<ref name="ReferenceA"/>. Hy het aan haar geskryf: "'n Deel van my lewe speel af in 'n ander wêreld, 'n wêreld gevul met verbeelding en kinderlike paradyse. Diegene wat my baie goed ken, is daarvan bewus. Van verskeie vroue het ek reeds gehoop dat hulle saam met my daarheen sou kon gaan. Niemand het ooit nie".<ref>Brief van Alain-Fournier aan Jeanne Bruneau</ref> In 1911 het hy Franse lesse gegee aan sy mededigter [[T.S. Eliot]], wat op daardie stadium in Parys woonagtig was.<ref name="ReferenceD"/> In 1912 het hy sy werk bedank om die persoonlike assistent van die politikus Casimir Perrier te word.<ref name="Tucker 2005 57">{{Cite book|last1= Tucker |first1= Spencer C .|last2=Roberts|first2=Priscilla Mary|date=2005|title=Encyclopedia of World War I|publisher = ABC-Clio|volume=1|page=57|isbn= 1-85109-420-2|oclc=61247250}}</ref> Hy het in 1910 by sy ouers se huis begin skryf aan ''Le Grand Meaulnes'' en aan Rivière en Isabelle geskryf: "Vir twee weke het ek probeer om hierdie boek kunsmatig te konstrueer soos ek begin het. Dit het nêrens heen gegaan nie. Uiteindelik het ek dit alles weggegooi en [...] eenvoudig, direk, soos in een van my briewe, begin skryf. Ek het al hierdie abstraksie en hierdie filosofie waarmee ek verstrengel was, weggegooi. En die wonderlikste ding is dat alles steeds daar is, alles wat ek in my hart voel". ''Le Grand Meaulnes'' is vroeg in 1913 voltooi en aanvanklik gepubliseer in die ''Nouvelle Revue Française'' (van Julie tot Oktober 1913). Hierna is dit in boekvorm uitgegee. Die werk is benoem vir die Prix Goncourt, en is opgedra aan sy suster Isabelle. in deselfde jaar het Henri uiteindelik weer Yvonne se spoor gevind, aangesien Rivière se jonger broer Marc medies studeer het in Rochefort, die dorp waar haar familie gewoon het. Marc het geweet van Fournier se passie vir Yvonne, en hy het dit geopper toe hy aan Yvonne se jonger suster voorgestel is. Henri en Yvonne kon toe weer vir 'n paar dae mekaar sien, terwyl sy besoek aan haar familie gebring het. Sy het hom aan haar moeder, haar suster en haar kinders voorgestel, en hulle kon gesels oor hul eerste ontmoeting en wat dit vir hulle beteken het. Henri het ook aan haar 'n brief getoon wat hy die vorige jaar vir haar geskryf het, en waarin hy sy liefde en getrouheid uitdruk en haar vertel dat sy roman, ''Le Grand Meaulnes'', oor haar gaan.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> In 1914 het Alain-Fournier begin werk aan 'n tweede roman getiteld ''Colombe Blanche'', maar dit het onvoltooid gebly toe Fournier daardie Augustus as luitenant by die Franse leër moes aansluit. Hy sterf 'n maand later, op 22 September 1914, tydens 'n geveg naby Vaux-lès-Palamei ([[Meuse]]).<ref name="Tucker 2005 57"/> Die ligging van sy oorskot was tot 1991 onbekend, waarna hy in die begraafplaas van Saint-Remy-la-Calonne begrawe is. Volgens sommige bronne het die patrollie waarvan Alain-Fournier deel was die bevel ontvang om "op Duitse soldate (draagbaardraers) wat onverwags teëgekom is te skiet"; die patrollie het gehoorsaam.<ref>Ons lees in die voorwoord deur Jean-Jacques Becker tot die heruitgawe van die tetralogie ''Ceux de 14'' deur Maurice Genevoix (Le grand livre du mois, 2000, p. XI), dat "ons nou weet" dat die offisier wat die patrollie (wat Alain-Fournier ingesluit het) aangevoer het, die bevel gegee het om op "Duitse soldate wat onverwags teëgekom is en wat draagbaardraers was, te skiet", vandaar die erns van die Duitse reaksie. Ludwig Harig het dokumente in die militêre argiewe gevind wat besonderhede bevat van die gebeure van 22 September 1914. Franse soldate het 'n Duitse ambulans aangeval en twee ernstig beseerde soldate met houe teen die kop gedood. Daarna is die Franse soldate tereggestel, die skrywer ingesluit. (''Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung'', 12 Mei 2001: "Spuren einer Schlacht").</ref> Volgens Gerd Krumeich, professor aan die Universiteit van Düsseldorf, is dit korrek dat Alain-Fournier se patrollie 'n Duitse ambulans aangeval het, maar dit is moeilik om die feite vas te stel.<ref>Gerd Krumeich, "1914 Alain Fournier Disappears. The Archeology of German Sources", in: ''14/18 Today 2'' (1999), bl. 85-93. Hierdie studie (volgens 'n aantekening in 'n publikasie waarvan G. Krumeich mede-regisseur is), ondersoek hoe propaganda die feit uitgebuit het dat Alain-Fournier se patrollie 'n Duitse ambulans aangeval het. Dit toon ook aan dat dit as gevolg van die rol van propaganda moeilik is om die feite vas te stel. Sien "Frankreich und Deutschland im Krieg (18.-20. Jahrhundert): Zur Kulturgeschichte der europäischen Erbfeindschaft", ''Darstellung nach Kommunikatorengruppen. Ein gemeinsames Forschungsprojekt der Historischen Seminare der TU Braunschweig und der HHU Düsseldorf, gefördert von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (2001-2004)''; Projektleitung: Ute Daniel, Gerd Krumeich, p.44, note 126.</ref> Die meeste van Alain-Fournier se werk is postuum uitgegee: ''Miracles'' ('n bundel gedigte en essays) in 1924, sy briefwisseling met Jacques Rivière in 1926 en sy briewe aan sy familie in 1930. Sy aantekeninge eb sketse vir ''Colombe Blanchet'' is ook gepubliseer. == Verwysings == {{Verwysings}} == Bronnelys == * Adam, Frédéric. ''Alain Fournier et ses companons d'arme''. Serpenoise, 2006 * Zoest, Aart van, "Het kwaad in een lieve wereld. Over 'Le Grand Meaulnes' van Alain-Fournier t.g.v. zijn 100e verjaardag, in: ''BZZLLETIN'' 139, Oktober 1986, p.&nbsp;8-19. == Werke == * ''Le Grand Meaulnes'' (wisselend vertaal as "Die Wandelaar, of Die einde van jeug", "Die verlore domein", "Die verlore landgoed" óf "Die onvergeetlike Meaulnes") * ''Colombe Blanchet'' (onvoltooide roman) * ''Lettre au Petit B'' * ''Miracles'' (gedigte) == Eksterne skakels == * [http://www.legrandmeaulnes.com/ Le Grand Meaulnes] {{vertaalvanaf | taalafk = nl | il = Alain-Fournier }} {{Normdata}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Alain-Fournier}} [[Kategorie:Franse skrywers]] [[Kategorie:Geboortes in 1886]] [[Kategorie:Sterftes in 1914]] 1pnsn2rvey196iumwabdahhz23ytyaz 2917042 2917036 2026-07-11T21:07:52Z HermanvanAswegen988 200973 2917042 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Inligtingskas Outeur | naam = Henri-Alban Fournier | beeld = Alain-Fournier, full portrait, 1905.jpg | onderskrif = Fournier in 1905 | geboortenaam = Henri-Alban Fournier | geboortedatum = {{geboortedatum|1886|10|3}} | geboorteplek = La Chapelle-d'Angillon, Berry, Frankryk | sterfdatum = {{sterfdatum en ouderdom|1914|9|22|1886|10|3}} | sterfplek = naby Vaux-lès-Palameix, [[Lotaringe]], Frankryk | beroep = [[Roman]]sier, kritikus en soldaat | nasionaliteit = [[Franse|Frans]] | noemenswaardige_werke= ''[[Le Grand Meaulnes]]'' }} [[Lêer:Alain-Fournier_in_1905.jpg|duimnael|Alain-Fournier in 1905]] '''Alain-Fournier''' ([[3 Oktober]] [[1886]], La Chapelle-d'Angillon - [[22 September]] [[1914]], Les Éparges) is die [[skuilnaam]] vir die Franse [[skrywer]] '''Henri-Alban Fournier'''. Fournier is gebore uit 'n familie van onderwysers. Hy is deur sy vader onderrig in die dorpskool Épineuil-le-Fleuriel ([[Cher (département)|Cher]]). As 18-jarige is hy verlief op Yvonne Quiévrecourt, maar word verwerp. Hierdie ervaring sou regdeur sy lewe 'n obsessie bly en die basis vorm vir ''[[Le Grand Meaulnes]]'' (1913), waarin hy 'n "droom- en kinderwêreld optower" wat reeds verlore is. Dit is een van die belangrikste werke in die Franse letterkunde en een van die weinig suksesvolle boeke van die [[simbolisme]]. Die boek is as 'n meesterstuk geprys en het op naelskraapse wyse die gesogte Prix Goncourt misgeloop. In 2006 is die boek verfilm deur Jean-Daniel Verhaeghe. [[Lêer:Alain_Fournier-tombe.jpg|duimnael|Graf van Alain-Fournier in die begraafplaas van Saint-Remy-la-Calonne]] Afgesien van 'n aantal gedigte, essays en verhale wat gebundel is in die [[postuum]] gebundelde ''Miracles'' ([[1924]]), was dit die enigste werk wat hy sou voltooi. Hy is as luitenant opgeroep en het in die 288ste infanterieregiment gedien. Hy sterf tydens een van die eerste veldslae van die [[Eerste Wêreldoorlog]] naby [[Verdun]]. Hy is in 'n massagraf begrawe. Na 'n 14-jarige soektog is sy liggaam uiteindelik in 1991 geïdentifiseer en in die begraafplaas van Saint-Remy-la-Calonne herbegrawe. == Biografie == Alain-Fournier is gebore in La Chapelle-d'Angillon, in die [[Cher (département)|Cher]] ''[[département]]'' in sentraal-Frankryk, as die seun van skoolonderwysers. Almal wat hom geken het, het hom "Henri" of "Fournier" genoem, aangesien "Alain-Fournier" bloot 'n nom-de-plume was. Hy het 'n jonger suster genaamd Isabelle gehad, aan wie hy baie geheg was. Sy was regdeur sy lewe een van sy eerste lesers, sy vertroueling, vriendin en ondersteuner.<ref name="ReferenceA">"Vie et passion d'Alain-Fournier" deur Isabelle Rivière</ref> Hy het aan die Lycée Lakanal in Sceaux, Hauts-de-Seine, naby Parys, gestudeer, waar hy voorberei het vir die toelatingseksamen tot die École Normale Supérieure. Hier het het sy medestudent Jacques Rivière ontmoet, en die twee het goeie vriende geword, hoewel dit 'n rukkie geneem het aangesien Henri se rebelse en speelse aard Rivière aanvanklik vervreem het. Fournier was destyds die leier van 'n groep seuns wat teen ontgroening geveg het en rewolusionêre petisies versprei het. Oor hul groeiende vriendskap het Rivière geskryf: "Onder sy ongetemde uiterlike het ek hom in die aangesig van die lewe ondervind as teer en naïef, gevul met 'n soet, dromerige aard, en selfs oneindig meer kwesbaar as ek". Die twee het uitgerekte en insiggewende gesprekke gehad en dieselfde sensitiwiteit en liefde vir woorde en poësie gedeel, veral wat die [[Simbolisme|Simboliste]] betref.<ref name="ReferenceB">Inleiding tot Alain-Fournier se gedigte deur Jacques Rivière</ref> Vroeg in 1905 het hy begin om gedigte neer te pen soos "L'ondée" (Die stort) en "Conte du soleil et de la route" (Verhaal van die son en die pad). Hy het hulle met sy suster Isabelle gedeel, wat hulle lieflik gevind het en vir hom geskryf het: "Alleen in jou het ek werklik 'n sterk en vurige siel aangevoel, die siel van 'n digter, iemand wat ly en voel; 'n gestroopte siel, gestroop van al hierdie dinge wat al die ander bederf en verduister, en slegs met jou het ek gevoel dat ek werklik ek was, dat ek alles kon wys, dat jy alles sou verstaan".<ref>Brief van Isabelle aan Alain-Fournier, 4 Junie 1905</ref> Op die eerste dag van Junie 1905, terwyl hy langs die oewers van die [[Seine]] gestap het, het Henri vir Yvonne de Quièvrecourt raakgesien terwyl sy in die teenoorgestelde rigting gestap het. Hy was betower, en het haar aan boord van 'n rivierboot en in die strate gevolg, en uiteindelik na die huis waar sy gewoon het. Hy het 'n paar keer in die dae daarna daarheen teruggekeer in die hoop om haar te ontmoet. Tien dae later, op 11 Junie, het hy uiteindelik sy kans gehad toe sy op haar eie uitgegaan het. Hy het haar weer gevolg, totdat hy die moed bymekaargeskraap het om met haar te praat. Yvonne het hom eers afgewys, maar hy het uiteindelik haar vertroue gewen, en hulle het saam geloop en gesels. Hierdie oomblik is getrou gefiksionaliseer in ''[[Le Grand Meaulnes]]'', wanneer die karakter Augustin Meaulnes vir die eerste keer vir Yvonne De Galais ontmoet. Yvonne (wat eintlik verloof was) het geheimsinnig gesê: "Ons is kinders, ons het dwaas opgetree" en Henri gevra om haar nie weer te volg nie, alhoewel sy na 'n paar treë omgedraai het en hom lank aangekyk het. voordat sy in die skare verdwyn het.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> 'n Paar dae later het Henri sy herinneringe aan hierdie oomblikke in detail op skrif gestel. Gedurende dieselfde somer het Fournier 'n paar weke in [[Londen]] deurgebring, waar hy vertaalwerk in 'n muurpapierfabriek gedoen het. Hy het 'n tuinpartytjie in Chiswick bygewoon, wat later as inspirasie vir Frantz De Galais se troue in ''[[Le Grand Meaulnes]]'' gedien het. Alhoewel hy verskeie jong Engelse meisies ontmoet het wat gretig was om tyd saam met hom deur te bring, kon hy nie sy gedagtes van Yvonne afhou nie, en hy het hom onttrek.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> In briewe het hy Rivière in sy vertroue geneem en geskryf: "Ek wens ek kon met jou oor haar, wie se gesig ek die ander aand weer helder voor my gesien het, en wat my hart oneindig aanroer, gesels. Ek glo dit is nie net 'n klein romantiese episode nie".<ref>Brief van Alain-Fournier aan Jacques Rivière, 9 Julie 1905</ref> Hy het ook sy nuutste gedig "A travers les étés" (Van somer tot somer), wat die verhaal van hul ontmoeting vertel, met Rivière gedeel.<ref name="ReferenceC">Briefwisseling tussen Jacques Rivière en Alain-Fournier</ref> Fournier het hierna teruggekeer na Parys om sy studies (1905-1907) voort te sit. In sy briefwisseling het hy vertel hoe terneergedruk hy voel, dat sy studies en die idee om 'n loopbaan na te streef vir hom betekenisloos geword het, en dat hy voel dat hy sy ouers in daardie opsig nie tevrede kon stel nie. Hy het aan Rivière geskryf: "Sedert ek hier aangekom het, is daar iets wat my laat voel asof ek versmoor. Ek veg met alles binne in my om weer moed en selfvertroue bymekaar te skraap. Dis moeilik, donker en onverklaarbaar".<ref>Brief van Alain-Fournier aan Jacques Rivière, 4 Oktober 1905</ref> Aan Isabelle het hy vertel: "Hierdie eksamen kan my nie motiveer nie. Dit is so ver van 'n ideaal af, dat ek dit nie eers kan beskou as 'n korttermyn doelwit of 'n eerste stap nie. Van nou af kan ek myself nie daartoe bring om my brein hiervoor te gebruik nie. [...] My lewe lê nie daarin om te studeer en myself uit te put nie. My enigste spyt is dat ek my ouers teleurstel. Ek het lankal opgehou om deur hulle oë te kyk. En ek sal nie hul ideaal, waaraan hulle baie geld bestee het, vervul nie".<ref>Brief van Alain-Fournier aan Isabelle, 2 Februarie 1906</ref> Gedurende dieselfde jare het hy dikwels teruggekeer na die huis waar hy Yvonne die vorige jaar gesien het. (alhoewel sy nooit teruggekeer het nie) en in Januarie 1906 het hy sy gedig "Et maintenant que c'est la pluie" (En nou dat dit reën) oor hierdie oomblikke en sy verlange na haar geskryf. Op 1 Junie 1906 het hy teruggekeer na dieselfde plek waar hy Yvonne die eerste keer gesien het, en vir haar gewag omdat hy gehoop het dat sy ook na hom soek, maar sy het nie verskyn nie.<ref name="ReferenceC"/> In 1907 het Fournier sy eksamen gedruip. Hy het in die vorige maande gely aan koorsaanvalle as gevolg van uitputting, en tydens toetse het hy aan die slaap geraak. Hy het oorweeg om 'n matroos te word omdat hy die see liefgehad het, maar dit nie verwesentlik nie, aangesien hy bedenkinge oor die tipe werk gehad het.<ref name="ReferenceB"/> Gedurende dieselfde somer het hy uiteindelik uitgevind dat Yvonne getroud was. Hy was hartseer daaroor, en het in briewe sy gevoel van nuutgevonde algehele eensaamheid uitgespreek. Rivière was pas terug van sy militêre diens, en kon hom daardeur help deur hom saam met sy eie familie met vakansie te neem.<ref name="ReferenceC"/> Van 1907 tot 1909 het Fournier militêre diens verrig. In hierdie tyd het hy ook 'n paar essays, gedigte en verhale gepubliseer, wat later gebundel en heruitgegee is onder die naam ''Miracles''. Hy het in briewe aan sy vriende en familie vertel hoe hy gesukkel het met depressie, hopeloosheid en angs gedurende sy diensplig, en hoe gebroke en getraumatiseerd hy gevoel het, selfs nadat hy teruggekeer het.<ref>Briefwisseling tussen Alain-Fournier en sy familie</ref> Hy het 'n literêre kritikus geword en vir die ''Le Journal'' geskryf. Daar het hy [[André Gide]] en Paul Claudel ontmoet. Hy was egter nie tevrede met sy werk nie en hy het gesukkel met die verwagtinge van die samelewing teenoor sy eie drome, en die voortdurende vrees om sy jeug te vermors.<ref name="ReferenceD">« Vie et passion d'Alain-Fournier » deur Isabelle Rivière</ref> Sy suster Isabelle en Rivière het mekaar in 1907 ontmoet, toe Rivière 'n paar weke by hul tuis was. Hulle was spoedig verlief op mekaar en het in 1909 getrou. Henri het op hierdie stadium by hulle (en sy en Isabelle se ouers) ingewoon, wat hy sou doen tot 1910. Die drie het Parys se bruisende artistieke lewe saam geniet, hoewel Isabelle en Rivière bekommerd was oor Henri se gemoedstoestand.<ref name="ReferenceD"/> Hy en Rivière het hieroor geredekawel in briewe, wat 'n tydelike skeuring tussen hulle veroorsaak het.<ref name="ReferenceC"/> Hy het in verskeie briewe sy ervarings gedeel, wat duidelik sy emosionele nood aangetoon het, soos om byvoorbeeld verdwaal te raak terwyl hy op pad huis toe was,<ref>Brief van Alain-Fournier aan Jacques Rivière, 4 April 1910</ref> of om heeldag in die reën rond te dwaal en nagmerries te hê waar hy sy huis nie kon herken nie en niemand kon hoor nie. <ref>Brief van Alain-Fournier aan Jeanne, 9 Desember 1910</ref> In 1910 het hy 'n verhouding aangeknoop met Jeanne Bruneau, 'n plattelandse hoedemaker. Sy het hom geïnspireer om die karakter Valentine in "[[Le Grand Meaulnes]]" te skep. Hul verhouding het byna kort na hulle ontmoeting geëindig, toe Jeanne hom in vertroue geneem het oor vorige verhoudings. Dit sou tot verskeie argumente en rusies lei. Hy het verskeie romantiese en passievolle briewe aan haar geskryf, wat aantoon hoeveel hy sy ideaal oor liefde met haar wou deel. Hy het gehoop om haar te leer hoe om in ware liefde te glo. Alhoewel hul situasie ongewoon was, aangesien hulle nie getroud of verloof was nie (hy het dit eintlik eers heeltemal vir die ander weggesteek), het hy haar aan Isabelle (saam met sy geliefde niggie Jacqueline) en Rivière (wat later aan Isabelle onthul het dat sy nie 'n woord gesê of selfs na hom gekyk het nie) voorgestel. Hy het oorweeg om met haar te trou, maar hulle verhouding het uiteindelik misluk, veral omdat hy homself nie daartoe kon bring om iemand anders as Yvonne te vra om met hom te trou nie. Hy het ook gevoel dat Jeanne nie daarin geslaag het om die fantasiewêreld wat hy met hom saamgedra het, ten volle te verstaan en te betree nie<ref name="ReferenceA"/>. Hy het aan haar geskryf: "'n Deel van my lewe speel af in 'n ander wêreld, 'n wêreld gevul met verbeelding en kinderlike paradyse. Diegene wat my baie goed ken, is daarvan bewus. Van verskeie vroue het ek reeds gehoop dat hulle saam met my daarheen sou kon gaan. Niemand het ooit nie".<ref>Brief van Alain-Fournier aan Jeanne Bruneau</ref> In 1911 het hy Franse lesse gegee aan sy mededigter [[T.S. Eliot]], wat op daardie stadium in Parys woonagtig was.<ref name="ReferenceD"/> In 1912 het hy sy werk bedank om die persoonlike assistent van die politikus Casimir Perrier te word.<ref name="Tucker 2005 57">{{Cite book|last1= Tucker |first1= Spencer C .|last2=Roberts|first2=Priscilla Mary|date=2005|title=Encyclopedia of World War I|publisher = ABC-Clio|volume=1|page=57|isbn= 1-85109-420-2|oclc=61247250}}</ref> Hy het in 1910, terwyl hy nog by sy ouers gewoon het, aan ''Le Grand Meaulnes'' begin werk en aan Rivière en Isabelle geskryf: "Vir twee weke het ek probeer om hierdie boek kunsmatig te konstrueer soos ek begin het. Dit het nêrens heen gegaan nie. Uiteindelik het ek dit alles weggegooi en [...] eenvoudig, direk, soos in een van my briewe, begin skryf. Ek het al die abstrakte idees en filosofie waarmee ek verstrengel was, weggegooi. En die wonderlikste ding is dat alles steeds daar is, alles wat ek in my hart voel". ''Le Grand Meaulnes'' is vroeg in 1913 voltooi en aanvanklik gepubliseer in die ''Nouvelle Revue Française'' (van Julie tot Oktober 1913). Hierna is dit in boekvorm uitgegee. Die werk is benoem vir die Prix Goncourt, en is opgedra aan sy suster Isabelle. in deselfde jaar het Henri uiteindelik weer Yvonne se spoor gevind, danksy Rivière se jonger broer Marc wat medies studeer het in Rochefort; die dorp waar haar familie gewoon het. Marc het geweet van Fournier se passie vir Yvonne, en hy het dit geopper toe hy aan Yvonne se jonger suster voorgestel is. Henri en Yvonne kon toe weer vir 'n paar dae mekaar sien terwyl sy besoek aan haar familie gebring het. Sy het hom aan haar moeder, haar suster en haar kinders voorgestel, en hulle kon gesels oor hul eerste ontmoeting en wat dit vir hulle beteken het. Henri het ook aan haar 'n brief getoon wat hy die vorige jaar vir haar geskryf het, en waarin hy sy liefde en getrouheid uitdruk en haar vertel dat sy roman, ''Le Grand Meaulnes'', haar as onderwerp het.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> In 1914 het Alain-Fournier begin werk aan 'n tweede roman getiteld ''Colombe Blanche'', maar dit het onvoltooid gebly, toe Fournier daardie Augustus as luitenant by die Franse leër moes aansluit. Hy sterf 'n maand later, op 22 September 1914, tydens 'n geveg naby Vaux-lès-Palamei ([[Meuse]]).<ref name="Tucker 2005 57"/> Die ligging van sy oorskot was tot 1991 toe onbekend, waarna hy in die begraafplaas van Saint-Remy-la-Calonne begrawe is. Volgens sommige bronne het die patrollie waarvan Alain-Fournier deel was die bevel ontvang om "op Duitse soldate (draagbaardraers) wat onverwags teëgekom is te skiet"; die patrollie het gehoorsaam.<ref>Ons lees in die voorwoord deur Jean-Jacques Becker tot die heruitgawe van die tetralogie ''Ceux de 14'' deur Maurice Genevoix (Le grand livre du mois, 2000, p. XI), dat "ons nou weet" dat die offisier wat die patrollie (wat Alain-Fournier ingesluit het) aangevoer het, die bevel gegee het om op "Duitse soldate wat onverwags teëgekom is en wat draagbaardraers was, te skiet", vandaar die erns van die Duitse reaksie. Ludwig Harig het dokumente in die militêre argiewe gevind wat besonderhede bevat van die gebeure van 22 September 1914. Franse soldate het 'n Duitse ambulans aangeval en twee ernstig beseerde soldate met houe teen die kop gedood. Daarna is die Franse soldate tereggestel, die skrywer ingesluit. (''Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung'', 12 Mei 2001: "Spuren einer Schlacht").</ref> Volgens Gerd Krumeich, professor aan die Universiteit van Düsseldorf, is dit korrek dat Alain-Fournier se patrollie 'n Duitse ambulans aangeval het, maar dit is moeilik om die feite vas te stel.<ref>Gerd Krumeich, "1914 Alain Fournier Disappears. The Archeology of German Sources", in: ''14/18 Today 2'' (1999), bl. 85-93. Hierdie studie (volgens 'n aantekening in 'n publikasie waarvan G. Krumeich mede-regisseur is), ondersoek hoe propaganda die feit uitgebuit het dat Alain-Fournier se patrollie 'n Duitse ambulans aangeval het. Dit toon ook aan dat dit as gevolg van die rol van propaganda moeilik is om die feite vas te stel. Sien "Frankreich und Deutschland im Krieg (18.-20. Jahrhundert): Zur Kulturgeschichte der europäischen Erbfeindschaft", ''Darstellung nach Kommunikatorengruppen. Ein gemeinsames Forschungsprojekt der Historischen Seminare der TU Braunschweig und der HHU Düsseldorf, gefördert von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (2001-2004)''; Projektleitung: Ute Daniel, Gerd Krumeich, p.44, note 126.</ref> Die meeste van Alain-Fournier se werk is postuum uitgegee: ''Miracles'' ('n bundel gedigte en essays) in 1924, sy briefwisseling met Jacques Rivière in 1926 en sy briewe aan sy familie in 1930. Sy aantekeninge en sketse vir ''Colombe Blanchet'' is ook gepubliseer. == Verwysings == {{Verwysings}} == Bronnelys == * Adam, Frédéric. ''Alain Fournier et ses companons d'arme''. Serpenoise, 2006 * Zoest, Aart van, "Het kwaad in een lieve wereld. Over 'Le Grand Meaulnes' van Alain-Fournier t.g.v. zijn 100e verjaardag, in: ''BZZLLETIN'' 139, Oktober 1986, p.&nbsp;8-19. == Werke == * ''Le Grand Meaulnes'' (wisselend vertaal as "Die Wandelaar, of Die einde van jeug", "Die verlore domein", "Die verlore landgoed" óf "Die onvergeetlike Meaulnes") * ''Colombe Blanchet'' (onvoltooide roman) * ''Lettre au Petit B'' * ''Miracles'' (gedigte) == Eksterne skakels == * [http://www.legrandmeaulnes.com/ Le Grand Meaulnes] {{vertaalvanaf | taalafk = nl | il = Alain-Fournier }} {{Normdata}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Alain-Fournier}} [[Kategorie:Franse skrywers]] [[Kategorie:Geboortes in 1886]] [[Kategorie:Sterftes in 1914]] depu116kvwotxzt6d7voa0yz8a41oer 0 384887 2917054 2893407 2026-07-11T23:13:14Z Vbdgddbd 210883 /* */ 2917054 wikitext text/x-wiki {| align="right" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid #88a; background:#CEDAF2; padding:5px; font-size: 85%; margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; border-collapse:collapse;" ! align="center" colspan="2" style="color: #000000; background: #f7f8ff; padding: 4px; font-size:170%;" | <span style="font-size:16pt">'''Sejong'''</span><br />세종특별자치시<br /> [[Lêer:Hannuridaero and Bangchukcheon.jpg|280px]]<br /> |- style="background: #CEDAF2; text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #999" | '''Kaart''' |style="border-left:1px solid #999"| '''Seël''' |- style="background:white" |rowspan=6| [[Lêer:Sejong in South Korea 2023.svg|180px|senter]] |- style="background: white" |style="border-left:1px solid #999"| [[Lêer:Seal of Sejong City, South Korea.svg|75px|senter]] |- style="background: #f7f8ff;border-top:1px solid #999; text-align:center;" |style="border-left:1px solid #999"| |- style="background: #CEDAF2; text-align:center;" |style="border-left:1px solid #999;border-top:1px solid #999"| '''Vlag''' |- style="background: white; border-top:1px solid #999;" |style="border-left:1px solid #999"| [[Lêer:Flag of Sejong City.svg|90px|senter]] |- style="background: #f7f8ff; border-top:1px solid #999; text-align:center;" |style="border-left:1px solid #999"| |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |&nbsp;'''Land''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | {{vlagland|Suid-Korea}} |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |&nbsp;'''Streek''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | Hoseo |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |&nbsp;'''Koördinate''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | {{Koördinate|36|29|N|127|17|O}} |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |&nbsp;'''Stigting''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | 2012 |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |&nbsp;'''Oppervlakte:''' | style="background: #f7f8ff" | &nbsp; |- | &nbsp;- Totaal | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | 465,23 [[vierkante kilometer|vk km]] |- |&nbsp;'''Bevolking:''' | style="background: #f7f8ff" | &nbsp; |- | &nbsp;- Totaal (2020) | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | 351&nbsp;007 |- | &nbsp;- Bevolkingsdigtheid | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | 754,48/vk km |- |&nbsp;'''Tydsone''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | [[UTC]] +9 (KST) |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |- |&nbsp;'''Burgemeester''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | Lee Choon-hee |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |- style="border-top:1px solid #999;" |- |&nbsp;'''Amptelike webwerf''' | style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | [https://www.sejong.go.kr/ www.sejong.go.kr] |} '''Sejong''' ([[Koreaans]]: 세종; Hanja: 世宗, [ˈsʰe̞ː.dzoŋ], {{Audio|Ko-세종.oga|luister}}), amptelik die '''Spesiale Selfregerende Stad Sejong''' (세종특별자치시), is 'n spesiale selfregerende stad en die ''[[de facto]]'' administratiewe [[hoofstad]] van [[Suid-Korea]]. [[Lêer:Government Complex Sejong (N).jpg|duimnael|links|Die regeringskompleks in Sejong]] Sejong is in 2007 as die nuwe beplande hoofstad van Suid-Korea gestig uit groot dele van die provinsie Suid-Chungcheong en kleiner dele van die provinsie Noord-Chungcheong om die opeenhoping in Suid-Korea se huidige hoofstad en grootste stad [[Seoel]] te verlig en beleggings in die sentrale streek van die land aan te moedig. Sedert 2012 het die Suid-Koreaanse regering 'n aantal ministeries en agentskappe na Sejong verhuis, maar baie bly steeds in ander stede, veral Seoel, waar die Nasionale Vergadering en baie belangrike regeringsliggame bly. Sejong het in 2020 'n bevolking van 351&nbsp;007 gehad en beslaan 'n oppervlakte van 465,23&nbsp;km², wat dit die mins bevolkte en kleinste administratiewe afdeling op die eerste vlak in Suid-Korea maak. Sejong is geleë in die wessentrale Hoseo-streek, en grens in die weste aan Suid-Chungcheong, in die suide aan [[Daejeon]], asook in die ooste aan Noord-Chungcheong. Die bou van die stad behoort in 2030 voltooi te wees. In dieselfde jaar sal alle staatsinstellings na Sejong verskuif wees. In 2030 sal die stad 'n bevolking van sowat 500&nbsp;000 hê.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2019/05/113_114241.html |title=Mini-capital Sejong City opens |publisher=Korea Times |date=1 Julie 2012 |accessdate=27 Mei 2019}}</ref> == Naam == Sejong is genoem na koning [[Sejong die Grote]], die vierde koning van die Joseon-dinastie en skepper van die Koreaanse alfabet [[Hangul]].<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/3554296.stm |title=S Korea chooses new capital site |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=11 Augustus 2004 |accessdate=3 September 2021}}</ref> Die stad is gevorm deur die saamsluiting Yeongi, die provinsie Suid-Chungcheong, waaruit die meerderheid van die stad se gebied ontstaan het is, en ander provinsies. == Verwysings == {{Verwysings}} == Eksterne skakels == {{CommonsKategorie-inlyn|Sejong City|Sejong}} * {{en}} {{Wikivoyage|Sejong_City|Sejong}} * {{ko}} [https://www.sejong.go.kr/ Amptelike webwerf] {{Normdata}} [[Kategorie:Nedersettings in Suid-Korea]] jpbe4m97q4kiw81idwhwybb4w3uomdf 0 396222 2917014 2543343 2026-07-11T16:53:54Z JMK 649 +prent, datum-details 2917014 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Lêer:Andrew 1992-08-23 1231Z (Cropped).png|duimnael|regs|Orkaan Andrew naby die Bahamas]] [[Lêer:Destruction following hurricane andrew.jpg|duimnael|regs|Skade aan 'n woonbuurt 20 myl suid van [[Miami]]]] '''Orkaan Andrew''' was 'n [[tropiese sikloon]] wat op 16 Augustus 1992 uit 'n tropiese golf gevorm het. == Oorsprong en ontwikkeling == 'n Tropiese Depressie het op 16 Augustus ontstaan ​​uit 'n tropiese stormversteuring wat op 14 Augustus van die Afrika-kus af beweeg het. Dit het verder wes-noordwes beweeg en is bevorder tot die tropiese storm Andrew suidwes van die [[Kaap Verde|Kaap Verdiese eilandgroep]]. Daar ervaar Andrew 'n trog van laedruk in die boonste atmosfeer, wat Andrew se struktuur in so 'n mate beïnvloed dat dit op 20 Augustus amper verbrokkel het. Die volgende dag het Andrew halfpad tussen [[Puerto Rico]] en [[Bermuda]] aangekom. Daar het dit weswaarts gedraai en toestande het gunstiger geword vir verdere ontwikkeling. Op 21 Augustus het Andrew aangegroei tot 'n orkaan en die volgende dag tot 'n vyfde kategorie tropiese sikloon. Op 23 Augustus het Andrew sy hoogtepunt bereik met windsnelhede van 280 km/h en 'n lugdruk van 922 mbar. Andrew se deursnee het tot ongeveer 300 km uitgebrei en dit het oor twee eilande van die [[Bahamas]] beweeg. Tussen [[Florida]] en die Bahamas het Andrew warm seewater opgeraap en weer die vyfde kategorie bereik. Op 24 Augustus het die sikloon in die suide van Florida aan land beweeg met winde van 265 km/h en 'n druk van 922 mbar. Andrew het oor Florida in die [[Golf van Meksiko|Golf van Mexiko]] gegaan as 'n kategorie 4-orkaan. Daar het dit noord na die staat [[Louisiana]] gedraai. Op 26 Augustus het Andrew as 'n kategorie 3-orkaan oor Morgan City in Louisiana beweeg. Daarna draai Andrew na die noordooste en verswak. Andrew is uiteindelik geabsorbeer deur 'n ander stelsel oor [[Tennessee]]. Andrew is oorspronklik as 'n Kategorie 4-orkaan geklassifiseer. Tot met [[orkaan Katrina]] was Andrew die derde laagste barometriese drukorkaan op land in die Verenigde State. Andrew was die duurste orkaan tot met die koms van Katrina in 2005. Ook met Andrew het die slagoffers gekla dat noodlenigingspogings stadig was. Andrew het 26 lewens geëis en $26,5 miljard se skade aangerig.<ref name="tcr">{{cite report|author=Edward Rappaport|date=10 Desember 1993|title=Hurricane Andrew|type=Preliminary Report|work=National Hurricane Center|access-date=21 Junie 2012 |url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/1992andrew.html|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service|location=Miami, Florida |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160906055141/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/1992andrew.html|archive-date=6 September 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="disc1">{{cite report|author=Max Mayfield|date=17 Augustus 1992|title=Tropical Depression Three discussion one |series= Hurricane Andrew, Hurricane Wallet Digital Archives |access-date=21 Junie 2012 |url= http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1992/andrew/tropdisc/nal0492.001|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service|work=National Hurricane Center|location=Miami, Florida|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121022112101/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1992/andrew/tropdisc/nal0492.001 |archive-date=22 Oktober 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="disc20">{{cite report|author=Max Mayfield|date=21 Augustus 1992 |series=Hurricane Andrew, Hurricane Wallet Digital Archives|location=Miami, Florida|title=Tropical Storm Andrew discussion twenty |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service|work=National Hurricane Center|access-date=21 Junie 2012|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1992/andrew/tropdisc/nal0492.020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022112125/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1992/andrew/tropdisc/nal0492.020|archive-date=22 Oktober 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="disc23">{{cite report|author=Max Mayfield|series=Hurricane Andrew, Hurricane Wallet Digital Archives|location=Miami, Florida|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service|date=22 Augustus 1992|title=Hurricane Andrew discussion twenty-three|work=National Hurricane Center|access-date=21 Junie 2012 |url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1992/andrew/tropdisc/nal0492.023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022112137/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1992/andrew/tropdisc/nal0492.023 |archive-date=22 Oktober 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> == Verwysings == {{Verwysings}} {{Normdata}} [[Kategorie:Natuurrampe]] [[Kategorie:Storms]] mzdmwkbib8dgktwfv08yf7i47kwa934 0 399267 2916993 2896305 2026-07-11T13:16:07Z InternetArchiveBot 131157 Red 1 verwysing(s) en merk 0 as dood.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 2916993 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Chemiekas2 |struktuur12=Potassium nitrite KNO2.jpg |struktuur2= |naam=Kaliumnitriet |formule={{ch2|KNO2}} |CASNo=7758-09-0<ref name="FS">{{cite web|url=https://www.fishersci.com/msds?productName=AC423060050&productDescription=|publisher=Fisher|title=Msds|access-date= 3 Desember 2023|archive-date= 3 Desember 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203034151/https://www.fishersci.com/msds?productName=AC423060050&productDescription=|url-status=dead}}</ref> |LD50= |Flitspunt= |pKa= |Reuk=geen<ref name="FS"/> |MolereMassa=85,1 g/mol<ref name="FS"/> |Smeltpunt=387&nbsp;°C<ref name="FS"/> |Kookpunt=Ontbind >350&nbsp;°C<ref name="FS"/> |Digtheid=1,9150 <ref name="FS"/> |Oplosbaarheid=3 120 [g/L] @ 25 °C<ref name="PC">{{cite web|url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Potassium-nitrite#section=Solubility|publisher=PubChem NIH|title=Potassium nitrite}}</ref> |Voorkoms= gebroke wit vastestof <ref name="FS"/> |Strukturbericht= |Selparms= a=440,1; b=959,7; c=989,2pm<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aflowlib.org/prototype-encyclopedia/ABC2_mP16_14_e_e_2e.KNO2.html|publisher=Aflow|title=KNO2 III Structure : ABC2_mP16_14_e_e_2e|access-date= 3 Desember 2023|archive-date= 3 Desember 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203034250/https://www.aflowlib.org/prototype-encyclopedia/ABC2_mP16_14_e_e_2e.KNO2.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |Ruimtegroep= P2{{sub|1}}/c |Ruimtegroepnommer=14 }} '''Kaliumnitriet''' (te onderskei van [[kaliumnitraat]]) is die anorganiese verbinding met die chemiese formule KNO₂. Dit is 'n ioniese [[sout (chemiese stof)|sout]] van [[kalium]] en [[nitroësuur]], wat uit kaliumione K+ en [[nitriet]]ione NO₂^– bestaan. Dit vorm 'n wit of effens geel, higroskopiese kristallyne poeier wat in water oplosbaar is.<ref>Santa Cruz Biotechnology: Potassium Nitrite Materials and Safety Sheet<!-- geen URL beskikbaar nie --></ref> Dit is 'n sterk oksideermiddel en kan die verbranding van ander materiale versnel. Soos ander [[nitriet]]soute soos natriumnitriet, is kaliumnitriet giftig as dit ingesluk word, en laboratoriumtoetse dui daarop dat dit mutageen of teratogeen kan wees. Handskoene en 'n veiligheidsbril word gewoonlik gebruik wanneer kaliumnitriet hanteer word. == Ontdekking == Nitriet is teenwoordig op spoorvlakke in grond, natuurlike water, plant- en dierweefsels en kunsmis.<ref name="American Heart Association">{{Cite journal |doi = 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.753814|pmid = 18427145|title = Therapeutic Uses of Inorganic Nitrite and Nitrate|journal = Circulation|volume = 117|issue = 16|pages = 2151–2159|year = 2008|last1 = Butler|first1 = Anthony R.|last2 = Feelisch|first2 = Martin|doi-access = free}}</ref> Die suiwer vorm van nitriet is die eerste keer gemaak deur die Sweedse chemikus [[Carl Wilhelm Scheele]] wat in die laboratorium van sy apteek in die markdorp Köping gewerk het. Hy het kaliumnitraat vir 'n halfuur by rooi hitte verhit en verkry wat hy as 'n nuwe "sout" herken het. Die twee verbindings (kaliumnitraat en nitriet) is deur Péligot geïdentifiseer en die reaksie is vasgestel as: :<chem>2KNO3 ->[\Delta T] 2KNO2 + O2</chem> == Produksie == Kaliumnitriet kan verkry word deur die reduksie van kaliumnitraat. Die produksie van kaliumnitriet deur die absorpsie van stikstofoksiede in [[kaliumhidroksied]] of kaliumkarbonaat word nie op groot skaal aangewend nie as gevolg van die hoë prys van hierdie alkalies. Verder maak die feit dat kaliumnitriet hoogs oplosbaar in water is die vastestof moeilik om te herwin. == Reaksies == Die vermenging van siaanamied en KNO₂ veroorsaak veranderinge van wit vastestowwe na geel vloeistof en dan na 'n oranje vastestof, wat sianogeen en ammoniakgasse vorm. Geen eksterne energie word gebruik nie en die reaksies word uitgevoer met 'n klein hoeveelheid O₂.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Wollin|first=Goesta|author2=William B.F. Ryan|title=Synthesis of protein, nucleosides and other organic compounds from cyanamide and potassium nitrite under possible primitive earth conditions|journal=Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects|date=May 16, 1979|volume=584|issue=3|pages=493–506|doi=10.1016/0304-4165(79)90122-3|pmid=454677}}</ref> Kaliumnitriet reageer teen 'n uiters stadige tempo met 'n vloeibare ammoniakoplossing van kaliumamied teen kamertemperatuur, en in die teenwoordigheid van ysteroksied of kobaltoksied, om stikstof en [[kaliumhidroksied]] te vorm.<ref name=Freeman>{{cite journal|last=Freeman|first=Eli|title=The Kinetics of the Thermal Decomposition of Potassium Nitrate and of the Reaction between Potassium Nitrite and Oxygen|journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society|date=Feb 20, 1957|volume=79|issue=4|pages=838–842|doi=10.1021/ja01561a015}}</ref> == Mediese gebruike == Belangstelling in 'n mediese rol vir anorganiese nitriet is die eerste keer gewek weens die skouspelagtige sukses van organiese nitriete en verwante verbindings in die behandeling van angina pectoris. Terwyl hy in die 1860's saam met Butter by die Edinburgh Royal Infirmary gewerk het, het Brunton opgemerk dat die pyn van angina deur veneseksie verminder kan word en het verkeerdelik tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat die pyn weens verhoogde bloeddruk moet wees. As 'n behandeling vir angina was die vermindering van sirkulerende bloed deur veneseksie ongerieflik. Daarom het hy besluit om die effek op 'n pasiënt te probeer om amielnitriet in te asem, 'n onlangs gesintetiseerde verbinding en een wat sy kollega getoon het dat die bloeddruk in diere verlaag word. Pyn wat verband hou met 'n angina-aanval het vinnig verdwyn, en die effek het vir 'n paar minute geduur, gewoonlik lank genoeg vir die pasiënt om te herstel deur te rus. Vir 'n tyd was amielnitriet die gunsteling behandeling vir angina, maar as gevolg van die wisselvalligheid daarvan, is dit vervang deur chemies verwante verbindings wat dieselfde effek gehad het.<ref name="American Heart Association" /> Oplossings van aangesuurde nitriet is suksesvol gebruik om NO te genereer en om vaso-ontspanning te veroorsaak in geïsoleerde [[bloedvat]]studies, en dieselfde reaksiemeganisme is voorgestel om die biologiese werking van nitriet te verduidelik.<ref name="American Heart Association" /> == Ander gebruike == Kaliumnitriet word gebruik in die vervaardiging van hitte-oordragsoute. As voedseladditief E249, is kaliumnitriet 'n preserveermiddel soortgelyk aan natriumnitriet en is goedgekeur vir gebruik in die EU,<ref>UK Food Standards Agency: {{cite web |url=http://www.food.gov.uk/safereating/chemsafe/additivesbranch/enumberlist |title=Current EU approved additives and their E Numbers |access-date=2011-10-27 |archive-date=2012-02-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207124535/http://www.food.gov.uk/safereating/chemsafe/additivesbranch/enumberlist |url-status=dead }}</ref> VSA,<ref>US Food and Drug Administration: {{cite web |url=https://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodIngredientsPackaging/FoodAdditives/ucm191033.htm#ftnT |title=Listing of Food Additives Status Part II |website=Food and Drug Administration |access-date=2011-10-27}}</ref> Australië en Nieu-Seeland<ref>Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code{{cite web |url=http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2011C00827 |title=Standard 1.2.4 - Labelling of ingredients |access-date=2011-10-27}}</ref> (waar dit gelys is onder sy INS-nommer 249). == Reaktiwiteitsgevare == Wanneer dit met sure reageer, vorm kaliumnitriet giftige stikstofoksiede. Versmelting met ammoniumsoute lei tot opbruising en ontsteking. Reaksies met reduseermiddels kan brande en ontploffings tot gevolg hê. == Bergingsvoorskrifte == Kaliumnitriet word saam met ander oksideermiddels gestoor, maar geskei van vlambare stowwe, reduseermiddels, sure, sianiede, ammoniumverbindings, amiede en ander stikstofhoudende soute in 'n koel, droë, goed geventileerde plek. == Verwysings == {{Verwysings|2}} {{Normdata}} [[Kategorie:Anorganiese verbindings]] [[Kategorie:Verbindings van kalium]] scz9qsjldlg3kvi0uft1i484w983xr3 0 424000 2916998 2916973 2026-07-11T13:55:31Z Aliwal2012 39067 /* Militêre vliegtuie, die Douglas-aanlegte, Douglas-hoofkwartier na Santa Monica verskuif en vliegtuie geproduseer */ 2916998 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Inligtingskas Maatskappy |naam = ''Douglas Aircraft Company |kenteken = [[Lêer:Douglas Aircraft Company logo.svg|200px]] |tipe = Openbare maatskappy |stigting = 21 Junie, 1921 |stigter = Donald Douglas |ontbind = 28 April, 1967 |ligging_stad = [[Santa Monica, Kalifornië]] |ligging_land = [[Verenigde State van Amerika]] |ligging = |liggings = |gebied_bedien = Internasionaal |industrie =Lug- en ruimtevaart |produkte = |dienste = |inkomste = |url-status = |df = |bedryfsinkomste = |netto_inkomste = |bates= |sleutelpersone = {{Unbulleted list|Bill Bridgeman|LaVerne Ward Browne|Carl Cover|Ed Heinemann|Ted R. Smith}} |getal_werknemers = |ouer= |successor = [[McDonnell Douglas]] |afdelings= |dogtermaatskappye= |slagspreuk= |tuisblad= |voetnotas= |intl= }} Die '''Douglas Aircraft Company''' was 'n Amerikaanse lugvaart- en verdedigingsmaatskappy gesetel in [[Suid-Kalifornië]], [[VSA]]. Dit is in 1921 deur Donald Wills Douglas sr. gestig, en het in 1967 met McDonnell Aircraft saamgesmelt om McDonnell Douglas te vorm, waar dit as 'n afdeling gefunksioneer het. McDonnell Douglas het in 1997 met [[Boeing]] saamgesmelt. Die Douglas Aircraft Company Inc, wat sedert die vroeë 1920’s in [[Kalifornië]] in die VSA gesetel was, het vir 25 jaar meer suierenjintransportvliegtuie as enige ander vervaardiger in die wêreld gebou. Nadat die maatskappy vir ’n kort tydjie die voortou geneem het toe sy DC-8 aanvanklik beter as die [[Boeing 707]] verkoop het, is Douglas vinnig deur Boeing verbygesteek en het verder agter die nuwe handelsvliegtuigleier geraak. ’n Haastige samesmelting in 1967 het op die geboorte van die McDonnell Douglas Corporation uitgeloop. Dertig jaar later is die nuwe korporasie op sy beurt deur Boeing oorgeneem. Die maatskappy se suksesse gedurende die 1930’s tot 1950’s, asook die probleme wat hy gedurende die 1960’s ondervind het, kan grotendeels tot die persoonlikheid van sy briljante stigter, Donald Wills Douglas, teruggevoer word.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=8 |language=en}}</ref> == Die geskiedenis van die Douglas Aircraft Company == === Die Douglas Aircraft Company word gestig === [[Lêer:Donald W. Douglas and David R. Davis.jpg|duimnael|Donald Douglas en David R Davis in die 1920’s.]] Donald Douglas en David R Davis het die Davis-Douglas Company op 22 Julie 1920 geregistreer. Die publiseerder van die ''Los Angeles Times'' en nege ander Kaliforniese sakemanne het saam borggestaan vir ’n banklening wat die Douglas Company in staat gestel het om in Julie 1921 bekend gestel te word. Die naam van die maatskappy is in 1928 na Douglas Aircraft Company Inc verander. Die firma het tot 1967 onder die beheer van Donald Douglas en sy familie gebly.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=8, 13 |language=en}}</ref> Die Douglas Company het op 30 November 1928 plek vir die Douglas Aircraft Company Inc gemaak.<ref name="fran18">{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=18 |language=en}}</ref> === Produksie by die Santa Monica-aanleg === Die Douglas DC-1 tot die DC-7 is almal, met die uitsondering van die militêre weergawes van die [[Douglas DC-3|DC-3]] en die [[Douglas DC-4|DC-4]], in die Santa Monica-aanleg gebou.<ref name="fran18" /> === Die El Segundo-afdeling van die Douglas Aircraft Company === Die Northrop Corporation het op 5 April 1937 die El Segundo-afdeling van die Douglas Aircraft Company geword. Hierdie nuwe afdeling van Douglas het tot 1962 in bedryf gebly. Die vliegdekskipgebaseerde [[Douglas SBD Dauntless]], Skyraider, Skynight, Skyray, Skywarrior en Skyhawk het onder die talle beroemde vliegtuie getel wat gedurende hierdie 25-jaartydperk deur die El Segundo-afdeling geproduseer is. Wat die geskiedenis van die DC-lynvliegtuie betref, was Jack Northrop se belangrikste bydrae sy meersel-vlerkontwerp.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=19 |language=en}}</ref> === Die brief wat die verloop van Douglas Aircraft se geskiedenis verander het === Douglas Aircraft was een van die maatskappye wat ’n brief ontvang het wat die verloop van sy geskiedenis sou verander en sy stigter uiteindelik in staat sou stel om lynvliegtuie te vervaardig. Hierdie brief, wat 2 Augustus 1932 gedateer was en onderteken is deur Jack Frye, visepresident in beheer van Bedrywighede by Transcontinental & Western Air Inc. (TWA), was dieselfde as die briewe wat aan verskeie vervaardigers gestuur is. In hierdie brief het TWA genoem dat hy voornemens is om minstens 10 vliegtuie te verkry. In hierdie jare van finansiële droogte was dit inderdaad ’n belowende mark. Geeneen van die mededingers kon egter beter as, of selfs so goed soos, Douglas doen met wat as die DC-1 (Douglas Commercial 1) bekend sou word nie.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=20 |language=en}}</ref> === Die DC-1, DC-2, DC-3 en ander vliegtuie === [[Lêer:AL77B-006 (14519942282).jpg|duimnael|Hier word vliegtuie van die Douglas Aircraft Company gesien, inlsuitende DC-2’s in die kleure en merke van Transcontinental & Western Air (TWA).]] Die DC-1 het vir die eerste keer op 1 Julie 1933 by Santa Monica gevlieg, en vliegtoetse het bewys dat sy werkverrigting uitstekend was. TWA het ’n aanvanklike bestelling geplaas van 20 DC-2’s, wat die produksiemodel van die DC-1 was en ’n ekstra ry sitplekke gehad het om 14 in plaas van 12 passasiers te akkommodeer. Die Santa Monica-lugvaartfirma het altesaam 197 DC-2’s en militêre variante gebou voordat hy met die produksie van die DC-3 voortgegaan het. Die DC-3 het ’n wyer romp gehad. Douglas het altesaam 10,655 DC-3’s en DC-3-variante gebou. Boonop is hierdie beroemde vliegtuig onder lisensie in [[Japan]] en die [[Sowjetunie]] gebou. Hierdie aktiwiteite het die Douglas Aircraft Company in staat gestel om die eerste plek onder die wêreldvliegtuigvervaardigers te beklee namate sy inkomste en wins vinnig toegeneem het. Die prototipes van die DF- burgerlike vliegboot en ’n eerste DC-4 (die toekomstige DC-4E) is gedurende dieselfde tydperk gerealiseer.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=20, 21 |language=en}}</ref> === Militêre vliegtuie, die Douglas-aanlegte, Douglas-hoofkwartier na Santa Monica verskuif en vliegtuie geproduseer === [[Lêer:Stockroom at the Long Beach, Calif., plant of Douglas Aircraft Company. - NARA - 195485.jpg|duimnael|Foto van die voorraadkamer by die Long Beach-aanleg in ongeveer Oktober 1942.]] Douglas het hom gedurende die tweede helfte van die 1930’s op militêre programme toegespits. Die uitsondering was die burgerlike tweemotorige [[Douglas DC-5|DC-5]]. Enersyds het lugrederye voortgegaan om groot bestellings te plaas (met Douglas wat die grootste voordeel hieruit getrek het). Andersyds het Frankryk en Groot-Brittanje, beginnende in 1938, begin om groot getalle militêre vliegtuie van vervaardigers in die VSA te bestel. Omdat meer vliegtuie geproduseer moes word, moes die lugvaartbedryf aanlegte vergroot en/of nuwes bou. Douglas het grond aan die rand van die [[Long Beach-lughawe|munisipale lughawe in Long Beach]] verkry en ’n nuwe aanleg gebou. Douglas het ook aanlegte van die regering gehuur. Hierdie aanlegte was in [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]] en in [[Oklahoma City]] en [[Tulsa]], Oklahoma, geleë. As gevolg van ’n toename in bestellings rondom die tyd wat die VSA tot die oorlog toegetree het, het Douglas vliegtuie in ses aanlegte gebou, naamlik Chicago (DC), El Segundo (DE), Long Beach (DL), Oklahoma City (DK), Santa Monica (DO) en Tulsa (DT). (Die kodes tussen hakies word in die benamings van die Douglas-skroefvliegtuie gebruik: “Douglas C-54A-15-DC” beteken byvoorbeeld dat die vliegtuig ’n [[Douglas C-54 Skymaster|Skymaster]] is wat in die Chicago-aanleg gebou is en “Douglas C-47B-35-DK” beteken dat die vliegtuig in die Oklahoma City-aanleg gebou is.) Die aanlegte in Chicago en Oklahoma het elk net een soort vliegtuig gebou: Chicago het 655 C-54-DC’s (die militêre weergawe van die DC-4) en die aanleg in Oklahoma City het 5409 C-47-DK’s en C-117-DK’s gebou. Toe die meeste militêre kontrakte ná die oorlog beëindig is, is hierdie twee aanlegte aan die regering teruggegee. Die produksie in die ander vier aanlegte was meer gediversifiseer. Die toe nuwe Long Beach-aanleg het op 1 Februarie 1942 die eerste nuwe vliegtuig wat gebou is, die C-47-DL met die reeksnommer 41-7722, aan die [[United States Army Air Forces|USAAF]] afgelewer. Hierdie aanleg het gedurende die oorlog 4&nbsp;284 bykomende Skytrains, Dakotas en ander vliegtuie geproduseer. Ná die oorlog is hierdie aanleg na die regering oorgeplaas, maar in November 1946 het Douglas begin om deel van die aanleg weer te verkry om C-124-DL Globemaster II’s te produseer. Later het Douglas die hele aanleg gekoop en dit omvattend uitgebrei om vervaardigingsale vir die DC-8’s, DC-9’s en DC-10’s te huisves, en sy hoofkwartier is vanaf [[Santa Monica, Kalifornië|Santa Monica]] verskuif. Veel later, toe produksieaktiwiteite begin afneem het, is die deel van die fasiliteit wat gebruik is, kleiner gemaak. Uiteindelik is net die C-17A Globemaster III in Long Beach vervaardig nadat Douglas deur Boeing oorgeneem is. Hierdie [[Tweede Wêreldoorlog]]-fasiliteite en die Douglas-hoofkwartier in Long Beach is nou gesloop. Die tradisionele aanlegte in Santa Monica (in gebruik sedert 1929) en [[El Segundo]] (in 1932 geopen) se aktiwiteite is gedurende die Tweede Wêreldoorlog tussen onderskeidelik produksie vir die USAAF en die Amerikaanse Vloot verdeel. Die Santa Monica-aanleg, wat deur die USAAF beheer is, het vir ’n kort tyd DC-3’s vir burgerlike klante gebou en toe begin om minimumverandering-variante van die DC-3 ingevolge militêre kontrakte te bou. Die aanleg het gedurende die oorlogsjare verskillende vliegtuie gebou, insluitende 589 C-54 Skymasters. Die Douglas Aircraft Company het gedurende die Tweede Wêreldoorlog ’n uiters belangrike rol gespeel. Sy aanlegte in Kalifornië, Illinois en Oklahoma het van 1 Januarie 1940 tot 31 Augustus 1945 ’n totaal van 30&nbsp;903 vliegtuie geproduseer.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=21, 23, 24 |language=en}}</ref> [[Lêer:Fbvjh 1985-09-07 FAGM 078 shd75 crop stof 600x364.jpg|duimnael|250x250px|’n Douglas C-47A-5-DL. Die “DL” wys daarop dat die vliegtuig in die Long Beach-aanleg vervaardig is.]] === Die gevolge van die beëindiging van vyandelikhede === Aan die einde van vyandelikhede is militêre kontrakte gekanselleer en het die getal werknemers by Douglas van ’n hoogtepunt van 140 000 in 1943 tot net 24 900 in 1946 afgeneem. Die aanlegte in Chicago, Oklahoma City en Tulsa is toegemaak en produksieaktiwiteite in Long Beach is drasties verminder. Die getal afgelewerde vliegtuie het van 11 598 in 1944 (’n onoortroffe rekord vir Douglas) tot 5 353 in 1945 en 127 in 1946 afgeneem. Die El Segundo-afdeling het op VSA-vloot-bestellings vir die AD Skyraider en ander vliegtuie oorleef.<ref name="fran24">{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=24 |language=en}}</ref> === Die modernisering van lugrederyvlote === Ná die Tweede Wêreldoorlog moes kommersiële operateurs hulle vliegtuigvlote dringend moderniseer. Douglas was in ’n beter posisie as ander vervaardigers om hiermee te help want groot getalle C-47’s en C-54’s was surplus weens veranderde militêre behoeftes en was beskikbaar om tot passasiersvliegtuie gemodifiseer te word. Daarbenewens is ’n aantal lugrame, wat as gevolg van gekanselleerde militêre kontrakte nie voltooi is nie, in Santa Monica as DC-3D’s en DC-4-1009’s omgebou. Die langtermyn- burgerlike mark het belowend vir Douglas gelyk.<ref name="fran24" /> [[Lêer:Zsfrm 1978-00-00 FAJS 123 dust LR 600x364.jpg|links|duimnael|250x250px|Die vliegtuig in hierdie foto is een van ’n aantal C-47-lugrame wat aan die einde van vyandelikhede weens gekanselleerde militêre kontrakte nie vooltooi is nie en as DC-3D’s in Santa Monica gebou is.]] === Die DC-6, DC-7, DC-8 en ander vliegtuie === Met die [[Douglas DC-6|DC-6]] het Douglas groot sukses behaal. Talryke burgerlike en militêre variante asook die DC-7-reeks het uit die DC-6 voortgespruit. Daarteenoor het niks van die Model 415 en die Model 1004 gekom nie. Douglas het toe probeer om nuwe lewe in die DC-3 te blaas deur dit in die Super DC-3 te omskep. Hierdie weergawe van die DC-3 kon egter nie met die vinniger en groter Convair-produkte meeding nie. Douglas het met die ontwikkeling van sy eerste straallynvliegtuig, die DC-8, geaarsel en dit het die maatskappy duur te staan gekom. Gedurende die 1950’s het die konflik in Korea en die Koue Oorlog tot hernude militêre aktiwiteite vir vliegtuigvervaardigers aanleiding gegee. Die Douglas El Segundo-span het die meeste voordeel hieruit getrek, met aansienlike Amerikaanse Vloot-bestellings vir AD Skyraiders en A4D Skyhawks. Aan die ander kant het die ontwerpspanne in Santa Monica en Long Beach slegs kleiner produksiekontrakte vir C-124 Globemaster II’s, B-66 Destroyers en C-133 Cargomasters gewen.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=24, 25 |language=en}}</ref> === Vader en seun === [[Lêer:Donald Wills Douglas Jr., 1963.jpg|duimnael|Donald W Douglas junior word op 14 November 1963 gesien.]] Donald W Douglas was sedert die begin van die firma die president asook die Voorsitter van die Direksie, en vir baie jare het die Douglas-familie die meerderheid maatskappyaandele gehou. Donald W Douglas junior het in 1957 sy vader as president opgevolg; sy vader het die Voorsitter van die Direksie gebly, maar sy betrokkenheid by bedrywighede geleidelik verminder. Vader en seun het ’n meerderheid van hulle maatskappyaandele verkoop en in vaste eiendom belê. Omdat hulle minder aandag aan hulle vliegtuigbesigheid gegee het en minderheidsaandeelhouers in die Douglas Aircraft Company geword het, was dit skadelik vir die maatskappy.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=25 |language=en}}</ref> === Die DC-8 vlieg === Die DC-8 is op 20 Mei 1958 vir die eerste keer gevlieg en dit het gelyk asof hy ’n briljante toekoms het. Maar verskeie groot en duur probleme het verhoed dat vroeëproduksie-DC-8’s aan werkverrigtingwaarborge voldoen. Douglas het die nodige gedoen om hierdie tekortkominge reg te stel, maar swaar verliese is gely. Hierdie probleme het verhoed dat Douglas die ontwikkeling van ’n tweede straallynvliegtuig finansier wat met die Convair 880 en 990 en die Boeing 720 sou meeding. Daar was ’n rampspoedige ooreenkoms met Sud Aviation om die tweestraalmotorige Caravelle te bou (die driemotorige [[Boeing 727]] se werkverrigting was beter en hy was beter geskik).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=25, 26 |language=en}}</ref> === Drie van die Douglas-aanlegte sluit === Santa Monica en Long Beach het gesukkel maar El Segundo het Douglas gehelp om steeds militêre produkte te lewer, hoofsaaklik te danke aan sy A-4 Skyhawk. Mededinging tussen ingenieurs in Santa Monica en El Segundo het daartoe aanleiding gegee dat die ontwerpspan wat sedert die 1930’s so doeltreffend deur Ed Heinemann bestuur is, ontbind word. Die El Segundo-aanleg is gesluit en die produksie van die Skyhawk is na Long Beach oorgeplaas.<ref name="fran26">{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=26 |language=en}}</ref> === Die einde van die Douglas Aircraft Company === Foute het toegeneem. Die vinnige en indrukwekkende verkoopsukses van die DC-9-program (en die opgedateerde MD-80-, MD-90- en Boeing 717-weergawes) sedert 1965 het die Douglas Aircraft Company onkant betrap. Douglas het ook beheer oor koste verloor. Die maatskappy het terselfdertyd die fout begaan om ’n straallynvliegtuig met dubbelvlakke en ’n groot kapasiteit aan te bied, wat deur die lugrederye geïgnoreer is. Die Douglas Aircraft Company was in die verknorsing en die enigste oplossing was om vinnig saam te smelt, en die McDonnell Douglas Corporation het op 28 April 1967 tot stand gekom. Douglas het verdwyn toe MDC deur Boeing oorgeneem is.<ref name="fran26" /> == Produkte == === DC-1 === [[Lêer:Douglas DC-1 NC 223Y.jpg|duimnael|Die naam ''City of Los Angeles'' en die logo van TWA verskyn circa 1934 op die DC-1 met die registrasienommer NC223Y. Die vliegtuig word voorberei vir ’n proefvlug op die TWA-netwerk.]] Die Douglas Commercial One (DC-1) was een van die voorgangers van die DC-3, en die Douglas Aircraft Company het net een DC-1 gebou. Die DC-1-prototipe het op 1 Julie 1933 (met die registrasie X223Y) vir die eerste keer vanaf Clover Field in Santa Monica gevlieg. Die vlieënier was Hooftoetsvlieënier Carl Cover en die vlug het 12 minute geduur. Die vliegtuig is vir ’n tydperk van vyf maande op toetsvlugte gebruik. Die prototipe is as vlootnomer 300 aan Transcontinental & Western Air (TWA) afgelewer. Die volgende gebruiker van die skroefvliegtuig was Graaf Forbes in die Verenigde Koninkryk. Die graaf het die masjien verkoop en dit het na Frankryk gegaan, vanwaar dit Spanje toe is, waar dit in die Burgeroorlog gebruik is en in Julie 1940 by die Iberia-vloot aangesluit het. === DC-2 === [[Lêer:ETH-BIB-Passagiere beim Einstieg in die Douglas DC-2 115-B, HB-ITE in Dübendorf-Inlandflüge-LBS MH05-31-09.tif|duimnael|DC-2 van Swiss Air Lines]] Die Douglas DC-2 was die produksiemodel van die DC-1 en was ’n verbeterde weergawe. TWA het op 4 September 1933 altesaam 20 van hulle bestel. Die kajuit van die DC-1 is langer gemaak om (as die DC-2) twee ekstra sitplekke en meer vrag te akkommodeer. Daar was ook verbeterings in die werkverrigting. Die onthulling en eerste vlug van die DC-2 het in Mei 1934 by Santa Monica plaasgevind, en die vliegtuig is op 14 Mei 1934 as vlootnommer 301 aan TWA oorhandig. Altesaam 75 DC-2’s is teen Junie 1934 bestel. Die eerste Pan American DC-2 is aan die einde van Augustus 1934 en die eerste American Airlines-een in November 1934 afgelewer. Aflewerings is ook aan buitelandse operateurs gedoen. In totaal is 197 DC-2’s en militêre weergawes gebou. === DC-3 === [[Lêer:Zsiwl 1979-00-00 FADN 125 dust 600x364.jpg|duimnael|Die DC-3 is groter as die DC-2, het ’n langer en wyer romp met ’n sirkelvormige deursnit en het voorrandlandingsligte op die vlerk.]] Die Douglas DC-3 is 'n vastevlerk- skroefaangedrewe [[vliegtuig]]. Die spoed en lang reikafstand van die DC-3 het 'n rewolusie in lugvervoer in die 1930's en 1940's ontketen. Die blywende impak op die lugvaartbedryf en die [[Tweede Wêreldoorlog]] maak dit een van die belangrikste vragvliegtuie wat ooit gebou is. Die groot militêre weergawe waarvan meer as 10,000 geproduseer is, word die [[Douglas C-47 Skytrain|C-47 Skytrain]] in die [[VSA]] en die Dakota in die [[Verenigde Koninkryk]] genoem. (In die Britse Statebond-lande en ook die grootste deel van die res van die wêreld is eers die militêre C-47’s en daarna die burgerlike DC-3’s feitlik universeel “Dakotas” genoem. [[Lêer:6877 1977-10-00 FALA 592 spot LR lias 800x486.jpg|duimnael|Teikensleper-C-47 reeksnommer 6877 van 25 Eskader van die SALM]] Baie DC-3's en omskepte C-47's word nog steeds in alle wêrelddele gebruik. Nommer 35 Eskader in die [[Suid-Afrikaanse Lugmag]] (SALM) was die laaste eskader wêreldwyd waar die DC-3/C-47 Dakota in 'n millitêre rol ingespan was. Dit het gedien as vervoermiddel en platform vir [[elektroniese oorlogvoering]] en is ontplooi in die [[Mosambiekkanaal]] vir maritieme waarneming. Ná ’n roemryke 81 jaar diens is dit in 2024 aangekondig dat die DC-3 Dakota, ’n staatmaker van die Suid-Afrikaanse Lugmag, finaal aan diens onttrek is. [[Lêer:DC-3 NC1624 Texaco (4940057391).jpg|duimnael|Die DC-3D met die konstruksienommer 42981 (registrasienommer NC1624) was die laaste vliegtuig in die DC-3-familie wat deur Douglas gebou is.]] Die twee voorgangers van die DC-3 was die Douglas DC-1 en Douglas DC-2. Hoewel die DC-2 heelwat beter as sy voorganger was, het hy nie genoeg krag gehad nie en was hy nie groot genoeg om ekonomiese vlugte oor ’n voldoende afstand te onderneem nie. Aanvanklike idees vir ’n verbetering van die DC-2 het tot die Douglas Sleeper Transport (DST) en die DC-3 (vir daggebruik) aanleiding gegee. Die nuwe model wat hieruit voortgevloei het, het ’n langer en wyer romp met ’n sirkelvormige deursnit gehad om slaapbanke en ’n ekstra ry sitplekke te akkommodeer. Die nuwe model het ook voorrandlandingsligte op die vlerke gehad. Die DST het sy eerste vlug op 17 Desember 1935 onderneem. ==== Produksiesyfers ==== {| class="wikitable" | valign="top" |Militêre variante in Santa Monica gebou | valign="top" |    382 |- | valign="top" |Militêre variante in Long Beach gebou | valign="top" |  4285 |- | valign="top" |Militêre variante in Oklahoma City gebou | valign="top" |  5381 |- | valign="top" |Burgerlike DC-3D’s in Oklahoma City gebou | valign="top" |      28 |- | valign="top" |Groottotaal vir die VSA | valign="top" |10655 |- | valign="top" |Japannese L2D | valign="top" |    487 |- | valign="top" |Russiese Li-2 | valign="top" |  4937 |- | valign="top" |Wêreldwye totaal | valign="top" |16079 |} === DC-4 === Namate die wêreldsituasie al hoe meer gespanne geraak het, het die Amerikaanse regering vervaardigers opdrag gegee om die voorrang aan die produksie van militêre vliegtuie te verleen; dit het Douglas ingesluit. Laasgenoemde het, voordat Amerika behoorlik tot die Tweede Wêreldoorlog toegetree het, burgerlike DC-4’s ontwerp, maar die Oorlogsdepartement het in Maart 1941 begin beplan om die nege DC-4’s oor te neem wat toe in die produksieproses was.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=216 |language=en}}</ref> Douglas het in die somer van 1944 begin om onder andere sy Model 1009-passasierslynvliegtuig aggressief te bemark. Die kajuit van hierdie model kon gedrukreël of nie gedrukreël nie wees. Die vloer van die hoofdek was nie versterk nie. United Airlines was die eerste lugredery wat die Model 1009 gekies het en het op 11 September 1944 altesaam 15 vliegtuie bestel. Die Oorlogsbateadministrasie het egter oorlogsurplus-C-54's redelik goedkoop aangebied en United het sy DC-4-1009-bestelling gekanselleer. Douglas kon net 79 van die Model 1009 verkoop. Die Suid-Afrikaanse Lugdiens was een van die klante. Die totale produksie van die DC-4 en DC-4-variante het op 1244 vliegtuie te staan gekom. Dit het uit die C-54, C-54A, C-54B, C-54D, C-54E, C-54G, XC-114, YC-116 (die vorige twee een elk) en DC-4 bestaan.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=226, 308 |language=en}}</ref> Die C-54A is in Santa Monica (97 C-54A-DO’s) en Chicago (252  C-54A-DC’s) gebou. Dit was die eerste variant wat van die begin af vir militêre gebruik bedoel was en het versterkte kajuitvloere met vraghanteringsfasiliteite gehad. Daar was ’n dubbelvragdeur aan die linkerkant van die romp.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=217 |language=en}}</ref> Die C-54D is as C-54D-DC’s in die Chicago-aanleg (325) en C-54D-DO’s in die Santa Monica-aanleg (55) gebou. Altesaam 86 van hierdie vliegtuie het as R5D-3’s na die VSA-vloot gegaan en 22 het as Skymaster Merk I’s na die Britse Koninklike Lugmag gegaan.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=217, 218, 308, 318 |language=en}}</ref> In die meegaande foto word twee Douglas C-54’s geïllustreer. Die naaste vliegtuig is die Douglas C-54A met die konstruksienommer 10417 en die registrasienommer 7Q-YYY van Africa Cargo Airlines. Die ander vliegtuig is die Douglas C-54D met die konstruksienommer 10811 en die registrasienommer C9-ATF van Interocean Airways.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Eastwood and Roach |first=Tony and John |title=Piston-Engined Airliner Production List |date=October 2002 |publisher=The Aviation Hobby Shop |year=2002 |isbn=0 907178 94 4 |location=West Drayton, Middlesex, England |pages=231, 246 |language=en}}</ref> [[Lêer:Doug props 1994-04-23 FALA 227 her 72dpi.jpg|geen|duimnael|250x250px|Die C-54A met die konstruksienommer 10417 (links) en die C-54D met die konstruksienommer 10811 (regs) op 23 April 1994 by Lanseria-lughawe.]]Die C-54G het konstruksienommers van 35929 tot 36090 gehad. Altesaam 162 van hulle is as C-54G-DO’s in Santa Monica gebou en hulle is hoofsaaklik as troepedraers gebruik. Volgens die boek ''Skyleaders'' is die dubbelvragdeur van hierdie variant deur een kleiner deur vervang,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=219 |language=en}}</ref> maar die vliegtuig in die meegaande foto het ’n dubbelvragdeur. Hy is as ’n C-54G-1-DO met die konstruksienommer 35936 gebou en toe die foto geneem is, was hy as 9Q-COC geregistreer en deur AMAZ gebruik.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=219, 308, 319 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Eastwood and Roach |first=Tony and John |title=Piston-Engined Airliner Production List |date=October 2002 |publisher=The Aviation Hobby Shop |year=2002 |isbn=0 907178 94 4 |location=West Drayton, Middlesex, England |pages=260 |language=en}}</ref> [[Lêer:9qcoc 1976-12-16 FAJS 447 shd25 her2 600x364.jpg|geen|duimnael|250x250px|Die Douglas C-54G met die konstruksienommer 35936 op 16 Desember 1976 as 9Q-COC van AMAZ.]] Toe die laaste DC-4-1009 (konstruksienommer 43157) op 9 Augustus 1947 na die Suid-Afrikaanse Lugdiens gegaan het, was dit die einde van C-54- en DC-4-produksie. Hierdie skroefvliegtuig was ZS-BMH by die SAL geregistreer.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=226, 319 |language=en}}</ref> [[Lêer:Zsbmh 2005-09-17 FASK 6632 LR 600x400.jpg|geen|duimnael|250x250px|Die Douglas DC-4-1009 met die konstruksienommer 43157 was ZS-BMH by die SAL geregistreer.]] === DC-5 === [[Lêer:Douglas DC-5 NC21701 (7861583628).jpg|duimnael|William E Boeing se persoonlike vliegtuig met die naam ''Rover'' word in April 1941 by Oakland gesien.]] Die Douglas DC-5 was ’n enkelvlerkvliegtuig van metaal, met twee enjins, vlerke wat hoog gemonteer is en ’n driewielonderstel. Al die DC-5’s is by die Segundo-afdeling van die Douglas-maatskappy gebou. ==== Getal DC-5’s en variante gebou ==== {| class="wikitable" | valign="top" |Konstruksie- nommer | valign="top" |Model | valign="top" |Klant | valign="top" |Registrasie | valign="top" |Getal |- | valign="top" | | valign="top" | | valign="top" | | valign="top" | | valign="top" | |- | valign="top" |411 | valign="top" |DC-5 | valign="top" |Douglas | valign="top" |NX21701 | valign="top" |1 |- | valign="top" |422/423 | valign="top" |DC-5-518 | valign="top" |Pennsylvania Central Airlines | valign="top" |Nie voltooi nie | valign="top" | |- | valign="top" |424 | valign="top" |DC-5-510 | valign="top" |KLM (Wes-Indies) | valign="top" |PJ-AIW | valign="top" |1 |- | valign="top" |425 | valign="top" |DC-5-535 | valign="top" |SCADTA (Kolombië) | valign="top" |Nie voltooi nie | valign="top" | |- | valign="top" |426 | valign="top" |DC-5-535 | valign="top" |KLM (Wes-Indies) | valign="top" |PJ-AIZ | valign="top" |1 |- | valign="top" |427 | valign="top" |DC-5-518 | valign="top" |Pennsylvania Central Airlines | valign="top" |Nie voltooi nie | valign="top" | |- | valign="top" |428 | valign="top" |DC-5-511 | valign="top" |KNILM | valign="top" |PK-ADB | valign="top" |1 |- | valign="top" |429 | valign="top" |DC-5-518 | valign="top" |Pennsylvania Central Airlines | valign="top" |Nie voltooi nie | valign="top" | |- | valign="top" |430 | valign="top" |DC-5-511 | valign="top" |KNILM | valign="top" |PK-ADA | valign="top" |1 |- | valign="top" | | valign="top" | | valign="top" | | valign="top" | | valign="top" | |- | valign="top" | | valign="top" | | valign="top" | | valign="top" |Getal DC-5’s gebou | valign="top" |5 |- | valign="top" | | valign="top" | | valign="top" | | valign="top" | | valign="top" | |- | valign="top" |606/608 | valign="top" |R3D-1 | valign="top" |VSA-vloot | valign="top" |1901/1903 | valign="top" |3 |- | valign="top" |609/612 | valign="top" |R3D-2 | valign="top" |Mariene Korps | valign="top" |1904/1907 | valign="top" |4 |- | valign="top" | | valign="top" | | valign="top" | | valign="top" | | valign="top" | |- | valign="top" | | valign="top" | | valign="top" | | valign="top" |Getal R3D’s gebou | valign="top" |7 |- | valign="top" | | valign="top" | | valign="top" | | valign="top" | | valign="top" | |- | valign="top" | | valign="top" | | valign="top" | | valign="top" |Totale produksie | valign="top" |12 |} === DC-6 === [[Lêer:9qcgz 2003-05-04 FAGM P5045486 crhor 600x450.jpg|duimnael|Hierdie vliegtuig is volgens sy dataplaat as ’n C-118A deur Douglas in Santa Monica, Kalifornië, in die VSA met die konstruksienommer 43573 en die reeksnommer 51-3826 gebou.]] [[Lêer:9qcgz 1997-07-00 FALA 068 dust shd25 her 600x364.jpg|duimnael|Die Douglas C-118A met die konstruksienommer 43573 word in Julie 1997 as 9Q-CGZ by Lanseria-lughawe gesien. Daar is vragdeure voor en agter op die romp van die vliegtuig.]] Die lugrederye wat nie die Lockheed Constellation bestel het nie, het gevind dat die XC-112A, die militêre prototipe van die DC-6, goed in hulle behoefte aan ’n gedrukreëlde lynvliegtuig sou kon voorsien. Gevolglik het American Airlines en United Air Lines die bal aan die rol gesit deur die DC-6 eerste te bestel. Die DC-6 is in drie hoof- burgerlike weergawes, naamlik die DC-6, die DC-6A en die DC-6B, gebou. Die DC-6 het aanvanklik 50 sitplekke gehad (twee weerskante van die gang). Dit is later tot 68 en toe 86 verhoog (deur die vliegtuig met vyf sitplekke langs mekaar toe te rus en die afstand tussen die sitplekke te verminder). Die DC-6A het kragtiger weergawes van die Double Wasp-enjins met water-metanol-inspuiting gehad. Die romp van die DC-6A was langer en ruimer en die vliegtuig het ’n groter brandstofvermoë en beter werkverrigting as die DC-6 gehad. Die DC-6B was vir die vervoer van passasiers geoptimaliseer en het dus nie die versterkte vloer en twee vragdeure van die vragvliegtuig gehad nie. Die DC-6B het aanvanklik 52 sitplekke gehad en later 82 of selfs 102 vir huurvlugte. Die militêre variante van die DC-6 het bestaan uit die VC-118 (vir gebruik deur die President van Amerika), C-118A’s vir die USAF, R6D-1’s vir die VSA-vloot (later C-118B’s hernoem), VC-118A’s vir die USAF, R6D-1Z’s vir die VSA-vloot (later VC-118B’s), RC-118A’s en een EC-118A. Die meeste van die C-118A’s en R6D-1’s was toegerus om 74 militêre passasiers of 27000 pond se vrag te dra. Die produksiesyfer vir die DC-6 en sy variante was 704 eenhede. Die Douglas DC-6 is as die DC-6 (171), DC-6A (78), DC-6B (287), XC-112A (1), VC-118 (1), C-118A (101) en R6D-1 (65) gebou.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=253 to 255; 261 to 262; 308 |language=en}}</ref> Die vliegtuig wat in die meegaande drie foto’s geïllustreer word, is volgens sy dataplaat as ’n C-118A deur Douglas in Santa Monica, Kalifornië, in die VSA met die konstruksienommer 43573 en die reeksnommer 51-3826 gebou. Die vliegtuig met die konstruksienommer 43573 is op 18 Oktober 1952 as ’n C-118A met die reeksnommer 51-3826 aan die USAF afgelewer en hy is in Desember 1996 as 9Q-CGZ geregistreer.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Eastwood and Roach |first=Tony and John |title=Piston-Engined Airliner Production List |date=October 2002 |publisher=The Aviation Hobby Shop |year=2002 |isbn=0 907178 94 4 |location=West Drayton, Middlesex, England |pages=290 |language=en}}</ref> [[Lêer:9qcgz 2003-05-04 FAGM P5045482 LR 600x450.jpg|duimnael|250x250px|Die versterkte kajuitvloer en vragbinneruim van die C-118A met die registrasienommer 9Q-CGZ.]] Dit was die Koreaanse Oorlog (1951) wat die VSA se Departement van Verdediging daartoe gelei het om ’n variant van die DC-6A as die standaard- militêre transportvliegtuig vir sowel die USAF as die VSA-vloot aan te skaf. Die USAF het 101 vliegtuie as C-118A’s bestel. Die meeste van die C-118A’s was toegerus om óf 74 militêre passasiers in redelik beskeie gemak óf 27000 pond se vrag te vervoer. Die DC-6A (die variant waarop die C-118A geskoei was) was as ’n vragvliegtuig met ’n versterkte kajuitvloer en twee vragdeure aan die linkerkant van die romp (een voor en een agter die vlerke) geoptimaliseer.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=254, 261, 262 |language=en}}</ref> (Die twee vragdeure van die C-118A kan in die foto van 9Q-CGZ gesien word.) === DC-7 === [[Lêer:SAA Douglas DC-7B Robbins-1.jpg|duimnael|SAL DC-7B by Salisbury-lughawe in Rhodesië in 1959 – nou Harare in Zimbabwe]] Die Douglas DC-7 was ’n vliegtuig wat vier Wright Turbo-Compound-suierenjins gehad het wat vierbladlugskroewe aangedryf het. Hierdie tipe is in die Santa Monica-aanleg van die Douglas-maatskappy gebou. Hoewel die kragbronne van die DC-7’s nie so betroubaar was nie, was hulle veilige lynvliegtuie. Omdat die DC-7’s in diens gekom het slegs vyf jaar voordat die eerstegenerasie-straallynvliegtuie in gebruik geneem is, was hulle uit ’n ekonomiese oogpunt nie so ’n goeie proposisie nie. Boonop, omdat die bedryfskoste van die DC-7’s en DC-7B’s hoër as dié van die DC-6A’s en DC-6B’s was, was hulle nie so aantreklik vir lugrederye wat hulle ná die hoofrederye bedryf het nie – selfs as gemodifiseerde vragvliegtuie. [[Lêer:Zsdkg 0000 FAJS resample LRnuwe cr 800x533.jpg|duimnael|Let op die verskil tussen die stertvin van die DC-7B (links) en die hoër vin van die DC-7C (regs). Die twee tipes is onderskeidelik die derde en die vierde vliegtuig.]] [[Lêer:Fboli 1974-09-02 FAJS 203 864x576.jpg|duimnael|Die Reeks 50 DC-8’s het JT3D-turbowaaierenjins gehad en die DC-8-55F is die vragweergawe – let op op die vragdeur in die voorste deel van die romp.]] Douglas het altesaam 338 DC-7’s gebou. Die variante het betaan uit die DC-7 (105 gebou), DC-7B (112 gebou) en DC-7C (121 gebou). Die voorkoms van die DC-7B was anders as dié van die DC-7 deurdat die DC-7B langer enjinnaselle gehad (waarin saaltenke geïnstalleer kon word om die maksimum brandstofvermoë tot ongeveer 24500 liter te verhoog). Die kragbronne van die DC-7B was die Wright 972TC18DA4, 988TC1818EA-1 of die 988TC18EA4, met vermoëns soortgelyk aan dié van die DC-7. Die bruto massa by opstyging het van ongeveer 53000 kilogram tot ongeveer 57150 kilogram gewissel en die maksimum landingsmassa van die DC-7B is van ongeveer 44000 kilogram (vir die DC-7) tot ongeveer 46260 kilogram (vir die DC-7B) verhoog. Die DC-7B het sy nooiensvlug in Oktober 1954 gehad en die tipe is aan verskillende klante verkoop (insluitende die Suid-Afrikaanse Lugdiens). Pan American, Panagra en die Suid-Afrikaanse Lugdiens was die enigste rederye wat saaltenke in hulle DC-7B’s laat installeer het. Die grootste verskil tussen die DC-7C en die DC-7B was dat ’n gedeelte van 1.52 meter in die geval van die DC-7C tussen die romp en die binneboordenjinnaselle by die vlerkmiddelpaneel bygevoeg is. Dit het ruimte gelaat vir bykomende brandstoftenke (die totale brandstofvermoë is tot ongeveer 29600 liter verhoog) en ook die aërodinamiese doeltreffendheid van die vlerke verbeter. Daarbenewens is daar in die geval van die DC-7C ’n gedeelte van 1.07 meter by die romp bygevoeg, wat die getal sitplekke en die vrag/posvolume verhoog het. Die maksimum brutomassa van die DC-7 was ongeveer 64860 kilogram. Die eerste DC-7C het op 20 Desember 1955 gevlieg. Douglas het DC-7C’s vir 13 klante gebou, met die laaste een wat op 4 November 1958 afgelewer is. === DC-8 === [[Lêer:Fbolh 1976-11-07 FAJS 343 spot crop shd25 her 600x364.jpg|duimnael|Die DC-8-62 het JT3D-turbowaaierenjins gehad. Die DC-8-62 met die konstruksienommer 46028 word op 7 November 1976 by Jan Smuts-lughawe.]] Die DC-8 het sy eerste vlug op 30 Mei 1958 in Long Beach gehad. Altesaam 556 DC-8’s is vervaardig (eers deur Douglas en toe deur McDonnell Douglas Corporation). Die DC-8 is in vyf reekse gebou, naamlik die Reeks 10 (JT3C-turbostraalenjins) , Reeks 20 en Reeks 30 (JT4-enjins), Reeks 40 (Rolls-Royce Conway-enjins) en Reeks 50 (JT3D-turbowaaierenjins). Dan was daar ook die langer Reeks (Model) 61, 62 en 63 (JT3D-enjins). Nadat produksie beëindig is, het Cammacorp die DC-8-71, -72 en -73 (CFM56-enjins) geskep. Die Model 61 was gemik op die langer en besiger binnelandse roetes in die VSA. Hierdie vliegtuig het die standaardvlerk behou, maar die romp was langer en kon ’n maksimum van 259 sitplekke akkommodeer. Die Model 62 was vir langer afstande bedoel en is op 22 Mei 1967 deur SAS in diens gestel. Die Model 63 het die lang romp  van die DC-8-61 met die groter vlerk van die DC-8-62 gekombineer en is vir trans-Atlantiese roetes ontwerp.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=353 |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=Taylor |first=Michael |title=Jane’s Encyclopedia of Aviation |date=1995 |publisher=Crescent Books |year=1995 |isbn=0-517-10316-8 |location=Avenel, New Jersey |pages=643, 644 |language=en}}</ref> === DC-9 === [[Lêer:710881 2002-09-18 FAWK 194 reg shd25 800x486.jpg|duimnael|Die Douglas C-9A Nightingale met die reeksnommer 71-0881 van die USAF op 18 September 2002 by Lugmagbasis Waterkloof in Pretoria in Suid-Afrika.]] Die eerste vlug van die DC-9 was op 25 Februarie 1965 by Long Beach.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=354 |language=en}}</ref> Die DC-9 het tot die Long Beach California-familie van lynvliegtuie behoort. Nadat die Douglas Aircraft Corporation met Boeing saamgesmelt het, het dit as die Douglas-produkte-afdeling van Boeing bekendgestaan.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pearcy |first=Arthur |title=McDonnell Douglas MD-80 and MD-90 |date=1999 |publisher=Airlife Publishing Ltd |year=1999 |isbn=1 85310 956 8 |location=Shrewsbury, England |pages=6 |language=en}}</ref> [[Lêer:Zsnra 2005-11-28 FACT 075 LR 800x533.jpg|duimnael|Foto van ’n DC-9-32 van 1Time Airline op 28 November 2005 by Kaapstad Internasionale Lughawe. Die konstruksienommer van die vliegtuig is 47430 en sy registrasie is ZS-NRA.]] Die Douglas-bestuur het gedetailleerde ingenieurswerk op die ontwerp van ’n tweestraalmotorige lynvliegtuig in Februarie 1963 gemagtig, en in Mei 1963 is die verkoop van 15 nuwe lynvliegtuie bekend as die DC-9 aan Delta Air Lines aangekondig. Verskillende vervaardigers was by die bou van die vliegtuig betrokke: die neus is gebou by Santa Monica, die vlerk- en stertsamestel is deur De Havilland van Kanada gebou, romppanele is deur Aerfer in Italië gebou en ander komponente is in die VSA vervaardig. Die Long Beach-aanleg was vir die produksie van die romp en die finale montering verantwoordelik. Aanvanklik het hierdie proses plaasgevind op ’n enkele monteerbaan waar die DC-8 en die DC-9 gesamentlik geproduseer is. Die DC-9 het groot sukses behaal en in 1965 alleen is 170 van die tweestraalmotige lynvliegtuie verkoop en teen die einde van 1966 het totale verkope 424 eenhede bereik. Die aanvanklike gesamentlike DC-8-en-DC-9-produksielyn by Long Beach is vervang deur ’n enkele DC-8-produksielyn en twee parallelle DC-9-lyne. ’n Nuwe filiaal, Douglas Aircraft Company of Canada het verantwoordelikheid vir die produksie van sowel DC-9-vlerksamestelle as DC-9-stertsamestelle aanvaar. Douglas het gedeeltes van die De Havilland Canada-aanleg in Malton, Ontario, met ingang van 1 Desember 1965 gehuur en bedryf.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pearcy |first=Arthur |title=McDonnell Douglas MD-80 and MD-90 |date=1999 |publisher=Airlife Publishing Ltd |year=1999 |isbn=1 85310 956 8 |location=Shrewsbury, England |pages=12, 14 |language=en}}</ref> ==== DC-9 Reeks 30 ==== [[Lêer:Lnrka 1976-12-16 FAJS 431 spot shd50 800x486.jpg|duimnael|Die DC-10-30 met die registrasienommer LN-RKA van die Scandanavian Airline System het die konstruksienommer 46868.]] Die eerste Reeks 30 het op 1 Augustus 1966 vir die eerste keer gevlieg. Die eerste aflewering, aan Eastern Air Lines, het op 27 Januarie 1967 geskied en geskeduleerde dienste het op 1 Februarie 1967 begin.<ref name="taylor">{{Cite book |last=Taylor |first=John |title=Jane’s all the World’s Aircraft 1981-82 |date=October 1981 |publisher=Jane’s Publishing Company Ltd |year=1981 |isbn=0 7106-0729-6 |location=London, United Kingdom |pages=408 |language=en}}</ref> Die USAF het gedurende 1967 die C-9A Nightingale-weergawe van die kommersiële DC-9 Reeks 30 gekies om in ’n behoefte aan ’n nuwe vliegtuig vir die vervoer van pasiënte te voorsien. Die C-9A kan tot 40 pasiënte op draagbare of meer as 40 in standaardsitplkekke vervoer en het ’n kompartement vir die spesiale versorging van pasiënte.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Taylor and Swanborough |first=John and Gordon |title=Military Aircraft of the World |date=1975 |publisher=Ian Alan Ltd |year=1975 |isbn=0 7110 0049 0-102/74 |edition=3rd |location=Shepperton, Surrey, United Kingdom |pages=207 |language=en}}</ref> Die eerste C-9A Nightingale is op 17 Junie 1968 by Long Beach in Kalifornië onthul.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pyle |first=Mark |title=Chronicle of Aviation |date=1992 |publisher=JOL International Publishing |year=1992 |isbn=1 872031 30 7 |pages=658 |language=en}}</ref> Daar is eers agt van hierdie vliegtuie bestel en daarna is nog 13 bestel. Die eerste C-9A is op 10 Augustus 1968 afgelewer.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Taylor and Swanborough |first=John and Gordon |title=Military Aircraft of the World |date=1975 |publisher=Ian Alan Ltd |year=1975 |isbn=0 7110 0049 0-102/74 |edition=3rd |location=Shepperton, Surrey, United Kingdom |pages=207 |language=en}}</ref> In totaal is 21 Nightingales tussen 1968 en 1973 aan die USAF afgelewer.<ref name="taylor" /> === DC-10 === [[Lêer:Ooslc 1976-12-12 FAJS 405 shd50 her1 800x486.jpg|duimnael|Sabena se McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30CF met die registrasienommer OO-SLC het die konstruksienommer 47908.]] Die Douglas DC-10 is ’n driemotorige wyeromp-straalvliegtuig wat vir die vervoer van passasiers of vrag gebruik is of as ’n gekombineerde vervoermiddel gebruik is. Die DC-10 het sy eerste vlug op 29 Augustus 1970 by Long Beach gehad en is deur die McDonnell Douglas Corporation vervaardig. Altesaam 446 eenhede van die tipe is gebou. Daar is vyf variante van die DC-10, naamlik die Reeks 10, Reeks 15, Reeks 30, Reeks 30ER en Reeks 40. Dan is daar ook omskepbare vragweergawes, naamlik die Model 10CF en 30CF. Laasgenoemde is as die KC-10A Extender deur die USAF bestel (dit is ’n tenk-en-vragvliegtuig).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=356 |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=Taylor |first=John |title=Jane’s all the World’s Aircraft 1981-82 |date=October 1981 |publisher=Jane’s Publishing Company Ltd |year=1981 |isbn=0 7106-0729-6 |location=London, United Kingdom |pages=410 |language=en}}</ref>{{Commons|Douglas Aircraft Company}} == Algemene aantekening == [[Lêer:860035 1995-10-00 FAWK 453 shd25 her 600x364.jpg|duimnael|Die McDonnell Douglas KC-10 Extender met die reeksnommer 86-0035 word in Oktober 1995 op die Suid-Afrikaanse Lugmag se basis by Waterkloof naby Pretoria in Suid-Afrika gesien.]] Waar spesifieke bronverwysings nie aangegee word nie in die gedeeltes oor die verskillende Douglas-produkte wat hierbo beskryf word, is daardie gedeeltes grootliks op ''Skyleaders'' en Gradidge 2006 gegrond.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=20, 46 – 61, 85, 87, 152 – 161, 164, 165, 292 tot 296, 300, 301, 318, 321 |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=Gradidge |first=Jennifer |title=The Douglas DC-1/DC-2/DC-3, The First Seventy Years |date=30 September 2006 |publisher=Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd |year=2006 |isbn=978 085130 332 1 |location=Staplefield, West Sussex, England |pages=9, 11, 20 |language=en}}</ref> == Verwysings == {{Verwysings}} {{Normdata}} [[Kategorie:Douglas-vliegtuie| ]] 31bekp1389oxlnzvexapaynccwx5vb4 2917000 2916998 2026-07-11T13:58:03Z Aliwal2012 39067 /* Vader en seun */ 2917000 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Inligtingskas Maatskappy |naam = ''Douglas Aircraft Company |kenteken = [[Lêer:Douglas Aircraft Company logo.svg|200px]] |tipe = Openbare maatskappy |stigting = 21 Junie, 1921 |stigter = Donald Douglas |ontbind = 28 April, 1967 |ligging_stad = [[Santa Monica, Kalifornië]] |ligging_land = [[Verenigde State van Amerika]] |ligging = |liggings = |gebied_bedien = Internasionaal |industrie =Lug- en ruimtevaart |produkte = |dienste = |inkomste = |url-status = |df = |bedryfsinkomste = |netto_inkomste = |bates= |sleutelpersone = {{Unbulleted list|Bill Bridgeman|LaVerne Ward Browne|Carl Cover|Ed Heinemann|Ted R. Smith}} |getal_werknemers = |ouer= |successor = [[McDonnell Douglas]] |afdelings= |dogtermaatskappye= |slagspreuk= |tuisblad= |voetnotas= |intl= }} Die '''Douglas Aircraft Company''' was 'n Amerikaanse lugvaart- en verdedigingsmaatskappy gesetel in [[Suid-Kalifornië]], [[VSA]]. Dit is in 1921 deur Donald Wills Douglas sr. gestig, en het in 1967 met McDonnell Aircraft saamgesmelt om McDonnell Douglas te vorm, waar dit as 'n afdeling gefunksioneer het. McDonnell Douglas het in 1997 met [[Boeing]] saamgesmelt. Die Douglas Aircraft Company Inc, wat sedert die vroeë 1920’s in [[Kalifornië]] in die VSA gesetel was, het vir 25 jaar meer suierenjintransportvliegtuie as enige ander vervaardiger in die wêreld gebou. Nadat die maatskappy vir ’n kort tydjie die voortou geneem het toe sy DC-8 aanvanklik beter as die [[Boeing 707]] verkoop het, is Douglas vinnig deur Boeing verbygesteek en het verder agter die nuwe handelsvliegtuigleier geraak. ’n Haastige samesmelting in 1967 het op die geboorte van die McDonnell Douglas Corporation uitgeloop. Dertig jaar later is die nuwe korporasie op sy beurt deur Boeing oorgeneem. Die maatskappy se suksesse gedurende die 1930’s tot 1950’s, asook die probleme wat hy gedurende die 1960’s ondervind het, kan grotendeels tot die persoonlikheid van sy briljante stigter, Donald Wills Douglas, teruggevoer word.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=8 |language=en}}</ref> == Die geskiedenis van die Douglas Aircraft Company == === Die Douglas Aircraft Company word gestig === [[Lêer:Donald W. Douglas and David R. Davis.jpg|duimnael|Donald Douglas en David R Davis in die 1920’s.]] Donald Douglas en David R Davis het die Davis-Douglas Company op 22 Julie 1920 geregistreer. Die publiseerder van die ''Los Angeles Times'' en nege ander Kaliforniese sakemanne het saam borggestaan vir ’n banklening wat die Douglas Company in staat gestel het om in Julie 1921 bekend gestel te word. Die naam van die maatskappy is in 1928 na Douglas Aircraft Company Inc verander. Die firma het tot 1967 onder die beheer van Donald Douglas en sy familie gebly.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=8, 13 |language=en}}</ref> Die Douglas Company het op 30 November 1928 plek vir die Douglas Aircraft Company Inc gemaak.<ref name="fran18">{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=18 |language=en}}</ref> === Produksie by die Santa Monica-aanleg === Die Douglas DC-1 tot die DC-7 is almal, met die uitsondering van die militêre weergawes van die [[Douglas DC-3|DC-3]] en die [[Douglas DC-4|DC-4]], in die Santa Monica-aanleg gebou.<ref name="fran18" /> === Die El Segundo-afdeling van die Douglas Aircraft Company === Die Northrop Corporation het op 5 April 1937 die El Segundo-afdeling van die Douglas Aircraft Company geword. Hierdie nuwe afdeling van Douglas het tot 1962 in bedryf gebly. Die vliegdekskipgebaseerde [[Douglas SBD Dauntless]], Skyraider, Skynight, Skyray, Skywarrior en Skyhawk het onder die talle beroemde vliegtuie getel wat gedurende hierdie 25-jaartydperk deur die El Segundo-afdeling geproduseer is. Wat die geskiedenis van die DC-lynvliegtuie betref, was Jack Northrop se belangrikste bydrae sy meersel-vlerkontwerp.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=19 |language=en}}</ref> === Die brief wat die verloop van Douglas Aircraft se geskiedenis verander het === Douglas Aircraft was een van die maatskappye wat ’n brief ontvang het wat die verloop van sy geskiedenis sou verander en sy stigter uiteindelik in staat sou stel om lynvliegtuie te vervaardig. Hierdie brief, wat 2 Augustus 1932 gedateer was en onderteken is deur Jack Frye, visepresident in beheer van Bedrywighede by Transcontinental & Western Air Inc. (TWA), was dieselfde as die briewe wat aan verskeie vervaardigers gestuur is. In hierdie brief het TWA genoem dat hy voornemens is om minstens 10 vliegtuie te verkry. In hierdie jare van finansiële droogte was dit inderdaad ’n belowende mark. Geeneen van die mededingers kon egter beter as, of selfs so goed soos, Douglas doen met wat as die DC-1 (Douglas Commercial 1) bekend sou word nie.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=20 |language=en}}</ref> === Die DC-1, DC-2, DC-3 en ander vliegtuie === [[Lêer:AL77B-006 (14519942282).jpg|duimnael|Hier word vliegtuie van die Douglas Aircraft Company gesien, inlsuitende DC-2’s in die kleure en merke van Transcontinental & Western Air (TWA).]] Die DC-1 het vir die eerste keer op 1 Julie 1933 by Santa Monica gevlieg, en vliegtoetse het bewys dat sy werkverrigting uitstekend was. TWA het ’n aanvanklike bestelling geplaas van 20 DC-2’s, wat die produksiemodel van die DC-1 was en ’n ekstra ry sitplekke gehad het om 14 in plaas van 12 passasiers te akkommodeer. Die Santa Monica-lugvaartfirma het altesaam 197 DC-2’s en militêre variante gebou voordat hy met die produksie van die DC-3 voortgegaan het. Die DC-3 het ’n wyer romp gehad. Douglas het altesaam 10,655 DC-3’s en DC-3-variante gebou. Boonop is hierdie beroemde vliegtuig onder lisensie in [[Japan]] en die [[Sowjetunie]] gebou. Hierdie aktiwiteite het die Douglas Aircraft Company in staat gestel om die eerste plek onder die wêreldvliegtuigvervaardigers te beklee namate sy inkomste en wins vinnig toegeneem het. Die prototipes van die DF- burgerlike vliegboot en ’n eerste DC-4 (die toekomstige DC-4E) is gedurende dieselfde tydperk gerealiseer.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=20, 21 |language=en}}</ref> === Militêre vliegtuie, die Douglas-aanlegte, Douglas-hoofkwartier na Santa Monica verskuif en vliegtuie geproduseer === [[Lêer:Stockroom at the Long Beach, Calif., plant of Douglas Aircraft Company. - NARA - 195485.jpg|duimnael|Foto van die voorraadkamer by die Long Beach-aanleg in ongeveer Oktober 1942.]] Douglas het hom gedurende die tweede helfte van die 1930’s op militêre programme toegespits. Die uitsondering was die burgerlike tweemotorige [[Douglas DC-5|DC-5]]. Enersyds het lugrederye voortgegaan om groot bestellings te plaas (met Douglas wat die grootste voordeel hieruit getrek het). Andersyds het Frankryk en Groot-Brittanje, beginnende in 1938, begin om groot getalle militêre vliegtuie van vervaardigers in die VSA te bestel. Omdat meer vliegtuie geproduseer moes word, moes die lugvaartbedryf aanlegte vergroot en/of nuwes bou. Douglas het grond aan die rand van die [[Long Beach-lughawe|munisipale lughawe in Long Beach]] verkry en ’n nuwe aanleg gebou. Douglas het ook aanlegte van die regering gehuur. Hierdie aanlegte was in [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]] en in [[Oklahoma City]] en [[Tulsa]], Oklahoma, geleë. As gevolg van ’n toename in bestellings rondom die tyd wat die VSA tot die oorlog toegetree het, het Douglas vliegtuie in ses aanlegte gebou, naamlik Chicago (DC), El Segundo (DE), Long Beach (DL), Oklahoma City (DK), Santa Monica (DO) en Tulsa (DT). (Die kodes tussen hakies word in die benamings van die Douglas-skroefvliegtuie gebruik: “Douglas C-54A-15-DC” beteken byvoorbeeld dat die vliegtuig ’n [[Douglas C-54 Skymaster|Skymaster]] is wat in die Chicago-aanleg gebou is en “Douglas C-47B-35-DK” beteken dat die vliegtuig in die Oklahoma City-aanleg gebou is.) Die aanlegte in Chicago en Oklahoma het elk net een soort vliegtuig gebou: Chicago het 655 C-54-DC’s (die militêre weergawe van die DC-4) en die aanleg in Oklahoma City het 5409 C-47-DK’s en C-117-DK’s gebou. Toe die meeste militêre kontrakte ná die oorlog beëindig is, is hierdie twee aanlegte aan die regering teruggegee. Die produksie in die ander vier aanlegte was meer gediversifiseer. Die toe nuwe Long Beach-aanleg het op 1 Februarie 1942 die eerste nuwe vliegtuig wat gebou is, die C-47-DL met die reeksnommer 41-7722, aan die [[United States Army Air Forces|USAAF]] afgelewer. Hierdie aanleg het gedurende die oorlog 4&nbsp;284 bykomende Skytrains, Dakotas en ander vliegtuie geproduseer. Ná die oorlog is hierdie aanleg na die regering oorgeplaas, maar in November 1946 het Douglas begin om deel van die aanleg weer te verkry om C-124-DL Globemaster II’s te produseer. Later het Douglas die hele aanleg gekoop en dit omvattend uitgebrei om vervaardigingsale vir die DC-8’s, DC-9’s en DC-10’s te huisves, en sy hoofkwartier is vanaf [[Santa Monica, Kalifornië|Santa Monica]] verskuif. Veel later, toe produksieaktiwiteite begin afneem het, is die deel van die fasiliteit wat gebruik is, kleiner gemaak. Uiteindelik is net die C-17A Globemaster III in Long Beach vervaardig nadat Douglas deur Boeing oorgeneem is. Hierdie [[Tweede Wêreldoorlog]]-fasiliteite en die Douglas-hoofkwartier in Long Beach is nou gesloop. Die tradisionele aanlegte in Santa Monica (in gebruik sedert 1929) en [[El Segundo]] (in 1932 geopen) se aktiwiteite is gedurende die Tweede Wêreldoorlog tussen onderskeidelik produksie vir die USAAF en die Amerikaanse Vloot verdeel. Die Santa Monica-aanleg, wat deur die USAAF beheer is, het vir ’n kort tyd DC-3’s vir burgerlike klante gebou en toe begin om minimumverandering-variante van die DC-3 ingevolge militêre kontrakte te bou. Die aanleg het gedurende die oorlogsjare verskillende vliegtuie gebou, insluitende 589 C-54 Skymasters. Die Douglas Aircraft Company het gedurende die Tweede Wêreldoorlog ’n uiters belangrike rol gespeel. Sy aanlegte in Kalifornië, Illinois en Oklahoma het van 1 Januarie 1940 tot 31 Augustus 1945 ’n totaal van 30&nbsp;903 vliegtuie geproduseer.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=21, 23, 24 |language=en}}</ref> [[Lêer:Fbvjh 1985-09-07 FAGM 078 shd75 crop stof 600x364.jpg|duimnael|250x250px|’n Douglas C-47A-5-DL. Die “DL” wys daarop dat die vliegtuig in die Long Beach-aanleg vervaardig is.]] === Die gevolge van die beëindiging van vyandelikhede === Aan die einde van vyandelikhede is militêre kontrakte gekanselleer en het die getal werknemers by Douglas van ’n hoogtepunt van 140 000 in 1943 tot net 24 900 in 1946 afgeneem. Die aanlegte in Chicago, Oklahoma City en Tulsa is toegemaak en produksieaktiwiteite in Long Beach is drasties verminder. Die getal afgelewerde vliegtuie het van 11 598 in 1944 (’n onoortroffe rekord vir Douglas) tot 5 353 in 1945 en 127 in 1946 afgeneem. Die El Segundo-afdeling het op VSA-vloot-bestellings vir die AD Skyraider en ander vliegtuie oorleef.<ref name="fran24">{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=24 |language=en}}</ref> === Die modernisering van lugrederyvlote === Ná die Tweede Wêreldoorlog moes kommersiële operateurs hulle vliegtuigvlote dringend moderniseer. Douglas was in ’n beter posisie as ander vervaardigers om hiermee te help want groot getalle C-47’s en C-54’s was surplus weens veranderde militêre behoeftes en was beskikbaar om tot passasiersvliegtuie gemodifiseer te word. Daarbenewens is ’n aantal lugrame, wat as gevolg van gekanselleerde militêre kontrakte nie voltooi is nie, in Santa Monica as DC-3D’s en DC-4-1009’s omgebou. Die langtermyn- burgerlike mark het belowend vir Douglas gelyk.<ref name="fran24" /> [[Lêer:Zsfrm 1978-00-00 FAJS 123 dust LR 600x364.jpg|links|duimnael|250x250px|Die vliegtuig in hierdie foto is een van ’n aantal C-47-lugrame wat aan die einde van vyandelikhede weens gekanselleerde militêre kontrakte nie vooltooi is nie en as DC-3D’s in Santa Monica gebou is.]] === Die DC-6, DC-7, DC-8 en ander vliegtuie === Met die [[Douglas DC-6|DC-6]] het Douglas groot sukses behaal. Talryke burgerlike en militêre variante asook die DC-7-reeks het uit die DC-6 voortgespruit. Daarteenoor het niks van die Model 415 en die Model 1004 gekom nie. Douglas het toe probeer om nuwe lewe in die DC-3 te blaas deur dit in die Super DC-3 te omskep. Hierdie weergawe van die DC-3 kon egter nie met die vinniger en groter Convair-produkte meeding nie. Douglas het met die ontwikkeling van sy eerste straallynvliegtuig, die DC-8, geaarsel en dit het die maatskappy duur te staan gekom. Gedurende die 1950’s het die konflik in Korea en die Koue Oorlog tot hernude militêre aktiwiteite vir vliegtuigvervaardigers aanleiding gegee. Die Douglas El Segundo-span het die meeste voordeel hieruit getrek, met aansienlike Amerikaanse Vloot-bestellings vir AD Skyraiders en A4D Skyhawks. Aan die ander kant het die ontwerpspanne in Santa Monica en Long Beach slegs kleiner produksiekontrakte vir C-124 Globemaster II’s, B-66 Destroyers en C-133 Cargomasters gewen.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=24, 25 |language=en}}</ref> === Vader en seun === [[Lêer:Donald Wills Douglas Jr., 1963.jpg|duimnael|175px|Donald W Douglas junior in November 1963.]] Donald W Douglas was sedert die begin van die firma die president asook die Voorsitter van die Direksie, en vir baie jare het die Douglas-familie die meerderheid maatskappyaandele gehou. Donald W Douglas junior het in 1957 sy vader as president opgevolg; sy vader het die Voorsitter van die Direksie gebly, maar sy betrokkenheid by bedrywighede geleidelik verminder. Vader en seun het ’n meerderheid van hulle maatskappyaandele verkoop en in vaste eiendom belê. Omdat hulle minder aandag aan hulle vliegtuigbesigheid gegee het en minderheidsaandeelhouers in die Douglas Aircraft Company geword het, was dit skadelik vir die maatskappy.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=25 |language=en}}</ref> === Die DC-8 vlieg === Die DC-8 is op 20 Mei 1958 vir die eerste keer gevlieg en dit het gelyk asof hy ’n briljante toekoms het. Maar verskeie groot en duur probleme het verhoed dat vroeëproduksie-DC-8’s aan werkverrigtingwaarborge voldoen. Douglas het die nodige gedoen om hierdie tekortkominge reg te stel, maar swaar verliese is gely. Hierdie probleme het verhoed dat Douglas die ontwikkeling van ’n tweede straallynvliegtuig finansier wat met die Convair 880 en 990 en die Boeing 720 sou meeding. Daar was ’n rampspoedige ooreenkoms met Sud Aviation om die tweestraalmotorige Caravelle te bou (die driemotorige [[Boeing 727]] se werkverrigting was beter en hy was beter geskik).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=25, 26 |language=en}}</ref> === Drie van die Douglas-aanlegte sluit === Santa Monica en Long Beach het gesukkel maar El Segundo het Douglas gehelp om steeds militêre produkte te lewer, hoofsaaklik te danke aan sy A-4 Skyhawk. Mededinging tussen ingenieurs in Santa Monica en El Segundo het daartoe aanleiding gegee dat die ontwerpspan wat sedert die 1930’s so doeltreffend deur Ed Heinemann bestuur is, ontbind word. Die El Segundo-aanleg is gesluit en die produksie van die Skyhawk is na Long Beach oorgeplaas.<ref name="fran26">{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=26 |language=en}}</ref> === Die einde van die Douglas Aircraft Company === Foute het toegeneem. Die vinnige en indrukwekkende verkoopsukses van die DC-9-program (en die opgedateerde MD-80-, MD-90- en Boeing 717-weergawes) sedert 1965 het die Douglas Aircraft Company onkant betrap. Douglas het ook beheer oor koste verloor. Die maatskappy het terselfdertyd die fout begaan om ’n straallynvliegtuig met dubbelvlakke en ’n groot kapasiteit aan te bied, wat deur die lugrederye geïgnoreer is. Die Douglas Aircraft Company was in die verknorsing en die enigste oplossing was om vinnig saam te smelt, en die McDonnell Douglas Corporation het op 28 April 1967 tot stand gekom. Douglas het verdwyn toe MDC deur Boeing oorgeneem is.<ref name="fran26" /> == Produkte == === DC-1 === [[Lêer:Douglas DC-1 NC 223Y.jpg|duimnael|Die naam ''City of Los Angeles'' en die logo van TWA verskyn circa 1934 op die DC-1 met die registrasienommer NC223Y. Die vliegtuig word voorberei vir ’n proefvlug op die TWA-netwerk.]] Die Douglas Commercial One (DC-1) was een van die voorgangers van die DC-3, en die Douglas Aircraft Company het net een DC-1 gebou. Die DC-1-prototipe het op 1 Julie 1933 (met die registrasie X223Y) vir die eerste keer vanaf Clover Field in Santa Monica gevlieg. Die vlieënier was Hooftoetsvlieënier Carl Cover en die vlug het 12 minute geduur. Die vliegtuig is vir ’n tydperk van vyf maande op toetsvlugte gebruik. Die prototipe is as vlootnomer 300 aan Transcontinental & Western Air (TWA) afgelewer. Die volgende gebruiker van die skroefvliegtuig was Graaf Forbes in die Verenigde Koninkryk. Die graaf het die masjien verkoop en dit het na Frankryk gegaan, vanwaar dit Spanje toe is, waar dit in die Burgeroorlog gebruik is en in Julie 1940 by die Iberia-vloot aangesluit het. === DC-2 === [[Lêer:ETH-BIB-Passagiere beim Einstieg in die Douglas DC-2 115-B, HB-ITE in Dübendorf-Inlandflüge-LBS MH05-31-09.tif|duimnael|DC-2 van Swiss Air Lines]] Die Douglas DC-2 was die produksiemodel van die DC-1 en was ’n verbeterde weergawe. TWA het op 4 September 1933 altesaam 20 van hulle bestel. Die kajuit van die DC-1 is langer gemaak om (as die DC-2) twee ekstra sitplekke en meer vrag te akkommodeer. Daar was ook verbeterings in die werkverrigting. Die onthulling en eerste vlug van die DC-2 het in Mei 1934 by Santa Monica plaasgevind, en die vliegtuig is op 14 Mei 1934 as vlootnommer 301 aan TWA oorhandig. Altesaam 75 DC-2’s is teen Junie 1934 bestel. Die eerste Pan American DC-2 is aan die einde van Augustus 1934 en die eerste American Airlines-een in November 1934 afgelewer. Aflewerings is ook aan buitelandse operateurs gedoen. In totaal is 197 DC-2’s en militêre weergawes gebou. === DC-3 === [[Lêer:Zsiwl 1979-00-00 FADN 125 dust 600x364.jpg|duimnael|Die DC-3 is groter as die DC-2, het ’n langer en wyer romp met ’n sirkelvormige deursnit en het voorrandlandingsligte op die vlerk.]] Die Douglas DC-3 is 'n vastevlerk- skroefaangedrewe [[vliegtuig]]. Die spoed en lang reikafstand van die DC-3 het 'n rewolusie in lugvervoer in die 1930's en 1940's ontketen. Die blywende impak op die lugvaartbedryf en die [[Tweede Wêreldoorlog]] maak dit een van die belangrikste vragvliegtuie wat ooit gebou is. Die groot militêre weergawe waarvan meer as 10,000 geproduseer is, word die [[Douglas C-47 Skytrain|C-47 Skytrain]] in die [[VSA]] en die Dakota in die [[Verenigde Koninkryk]] genoem. (In die Britse Statebond-lande en ook die grootste deel van die res van die wêreld is eers die militêre C-47’s en daarna die burgerlike DC-3’s feitlik universeel “Dakotas” genoem. [[Lêer:6877 1977-10-00 FALA 592 spot LR lias 800x486.jpg|duimnael|Teikensleper-C-47 reeksnommer 6877 van 25 Eskader van die SALM]] Baie DC-3's en omskepte C-47's word nog steeds in alle wêrelddele gebruik. Nommer 35 Eskader in die [[Suid-Afrikaanse Lugmag]] (SALM) was die laaste eskader wêreldwyd waar die DC-3/C-47 Dakota in 'n millitêre rol ingespan was. Dit het gedien as vervoermiddel en platform vir [[elektroniese oorlogvoering]] en is ontplooi in die [[Mosambiekkanaal]] vir maritieme waarneming. Ná ’n roemryke 81 jaar diens is dit in 2024 aangekondig dat die DC-3 Dakota, ’n staatmaker van die Suid-Afrikaanse Lugmag, finaal aan diens onttrek is. [[Lêer:DC-3 NC1624 Texaco (4940057391).jpg|duimnael|Die DC-3D met die konstruksienommer 42981 (registrasienommer NC1624) was die laaste vliegtuig in die DC-3-familie wat deur Douglas gebou is.]] Die twee voorgangers van die DC-3 was die Douglas DC-1 en Douglas DC-2. Hoewel die DC-2 heelwat beter as sy voorganger was, het hy nie genoeg krag gehad nie en was hy nie groot genoeg om ekonomiese vlugte oor ’n voldoende afstand te onderneem nie. Aanvanklike idees vir ’n verbetering van die DC-2 het tot die Douglas Sleeper Transport (DST) en die DC-3 (vir daggebruik) aanleiding gegee. Die nuwe model wat hieruit voortgevloei het, het ’n langer en wyer romp met ’n sirkelvormige deursnit gehad om slaapbanke en ’n ekstra ry sitplekke te akkommodeer. Die nuwe model het ook voorrandlandingsligte op die vlerke gehad. Die DST het sy eerste vlug op 17 Desember 1935 onderneem. ==== Produksiesyfers ==== {| class="wikitable" | valign="top" |Militêre variante in Santa Monica gebou | valign="top" |    382 |- | valign="top" |Militêre variante in Long Beach gebou | valign="top" |  4285 |- | valign="top" |Militêre variante in Oklahoma City gebou | valign="top" |  5381 |- | valign="top" |Burgerlike DC-3D’s in Oklahoma City gebou | valign="top" |      28 |- | valign="top" |Groottotaal vir die VSA | valign="top" |10655 |- | valign="top" |Japannese L2D | valign="top" |    487 |- | valign="top" |Russiese Li-2 | valign="top" |  4937 |- | valign="top" |Wêreldwye totaal | valign="top" |16079 |} === DC-4 === Namate die wêreldsituasie al hoe meer gespanne geraak het, het die Amerikaanse regering vervaardigers opdrag gegee om die voorrang aan die produksie van militêre vliegtuie te verleen; dit het Douglas ingesluit. Laasgenoemde het, voordat Amerika behoorlik tot die Tweede Wêreldoorlog toegetree het, burgerlike DC-4’s ontwerp, maar die Oorlogsdepartement het in Maart 1941 begin beplan om die nege DC-4’s oor te neem wat toe in die produksieproses was.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=216 |language=en}}</ref> Douglas het in die somer van 1944 begin om onder andere sy Model 1009-passasierslynvliegtuig aggressief te bemark. Die kajuit van hierdie model kon gedrukreël of nie gedrukreël nie wees. Die vloer van die hoofdek was nie versterk nie. United Airlines was die eerste lugredery wat die Model 1009 gekies het en het op 11 September 1944 altesaam 15 vliegtuie bestel. Die Oorlogsbateadministrasie het egter oorlogsurplus-C-54's redelik goedkoop aangebied en United het sy DC-4-1009-bestelling gekanselleer. Douglas kon net 79 van die Model 1009 verkoop. Die Suid-Afrikaanse Lugdiens was een van die klante. Die totale produksie van die DC-4 en DC-4-variante het op 1244 vliegtuie te staan gekom. Dit het uit die C-54, C-54A, C-54B, C-54D, C-54E, C-54G, XC-114, YC-116 (die vorige twee een elk) en DC-4 bestaan.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=226, 308 |language=en}}</ref> Die C-54A is in Santa Monica (97 C-54A-DO’s) en Chicago (252  C-54A-DC’s) gebou. Dit was die eerste variant wat van die begin af vir militêre gebruik bedoel was en het versterkte kajuitvloere met vraghanteringsfasiliteite gehad. Daar was ’n dubbelvragdeur aan die linkerkant van die romp.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=217 |language=en}}</ref> Die C-54D is as C-54D-DC’s in die Chicago-aanleg (325) en C-54D-DO’s in die Santa Monica-aanleg (55) gebou. Altesaam 86 van hierdie vliegtuie het as R5D-3’s na die VSA-vloot gegaan en 22 het as Skymaster Merk I’s na die Britse Koninklike Lugmag gegaan.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=217, 218, 308, 318 |language=en}}</ref> In die meegaande foto word twee Douglas C-54’s geïllustreer. Die naaste vliegtuig is die Douglas C-54A met die konstruksienommer 10417 en die registrasienommer 7Q-YYY van Africa Cargo Airlines. Die ander vliegtuig is die Douglas C-54D met die konstruksienommer 10811 en die registrasienommer C9-ATF van Interocean Airways.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Eastwood and Roach |first=Tony and John |title=Piston-Engined Airliner Production List |date=October 2002 |publisher=The Aviation Hobby Shop |year=2002 |isbn=0 907178 94 4 |location=West Drayton, Middlesex, England |pages=231, 246 |language=en}}</ref> [[Lêer:Doug props 1994-04-23 FALA 227 her 72dpi.jpg|geen|duimnael|250x250px|Die C-54A met die konstruksienommer 10417 (links) en die C-54D met die konstruksienommer 10811 (regs) op 23 April 1994 by Lanseria-lughawe.]]Die C-54G het konstruksienommers van 35929 tot 36090 gehad. Altesaam 162 van hulle is as C-54G-DO’s in Santa Monica gebou en hulle is hoofsaaklik as troepedraers gebruik. Volgens die boek ''Skyleaders'' is die dubbelvragdeur van hierdie variant deur een kleiner deur vervang,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=219 |language=en}}</ref> maar die vliegtuig in die meegaande foto het ’n dubbelvragdeur. Hy is as ’n C-54G-1-DO met die konstruksienommer 35936 gebou en toe die foto geneem is, was hy as 9Q-COC geregistreer en deur AMAZ gebruik.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=219, 308, 319 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Eastwood and Roach |first=Tony and John |title=Piston-Engined Airliner Production List |date=October 2002 |publisher=The Aviation Hobby Shop |year=2002 |isbn=0 907178 94 4 |location=West Drayton, Middlesex, England |pages=260 |language=en}}</ref> [[Lêer:9qcoc 1976-12-16 FAJS 447 shd25 her2 600x364.jpg|geen|duimnael|250x250px|Die Douglas C-54G met die konstruksienommer 35936 op 16 Desember 1976 as 9Q-COC van AMAZ.]] Toe die laaste DC-4-1009 (konstruksienommer 43157) op 9 Augustus 1947 na die Suid-Afrikaanse Lugdiens gegaan het, was dit die einde van C-54- en DC-4-produksie. Hierdie skroefvliegtuig was ZS-BMH by die SAL geregistreer.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=226, 319 |language=en}}</ref> [[Lêer:Zsbmh 2005-09-17 FASK 6632 LR 600x400.jpg|geen|duimnael|250x250px|Die Douglas DC-4-1009 met die konstruksienommer 43157 was ZS-BMH by die SAL geregistreer.]] === DC-5 === [[Lêer:Douglas DC-5 NC21701 (7861583628).jpg|duimnael|William E Boeing se persoonlike vliegtuig met die naam ''Rover'' word in April 1941 by Oakland gesien.]] Die Douglas DC-5 was ’n enkelvlerkvliegtuig van metaal, met twee enjins, vlerke wat hoog gemonteer is en ’n driewielonderstel. Al die DC-5’s is by die Segundo-afdeling van die Douglas-maatskappy gebou. ==== Getal DC-5’s en variante gebou ==== {| class="wikitable" | valign="top" |Konstruksie- nommer | valign="top" |Model | valign="top" |Klant | valign="top" |Registrasie | valign="top" |Getal |- | valign="top" | | valign="top" | | valign="top" | | valign="top" | | valign="top" | |- | valign="top" |411 | valign="top" |DC-5 | valign="top" |Douglas | valign="top" |NX21701 | valign="top" |1 |- | valign="top" |422/423 | valign="top" |DC-5-518 | valign="top" |Pennsylvania Central Airlines | valign="top" |Nie voltooi nie | valign="top" | |- | valign="top" |424 | valign="top" |DC-5-510 | valign="top" |KLM (Wes-Indies) | valign="top" |PJ-AIW | valign="top" |1 |- | valign="top" |425 | valign="top" |DC-5-535 | valign="top" |SCADTA (Kolombië) | valign="top" |Nie voltooi nie | valign="top" | |- | valign="top" |426 | valign="top" |DC-5-535 | valign="top" |KLM (Wes-Indies) | valign="top" |PJ-AIZ | valign="top" |1 |- | valign="top" |427 | valign="top" |DC-5-518 | valign="top" |Pennsylvania Central Airlines | valign="top" |Nie voltooi nie | valign="top" | |- | valign="top" |428 | valign="top" |DC-5-511 | valign="top" |KNILM | valign="top" |PK-ADB | valign="top" |1 |- | valign="top" |429 | valign="top" |DC-5-518 | valign="top" |Pennsylvania Central Airlines | valign="top" |Nie voltooi nie | valign="top" | |- | valign="top" |430 | valign="top" |DC-5-511 | valign="top" |KNILM | valign="top" |PK-ADA | valign="top" |1 |- | valign="top" | | valign="top" | | valign="top" | | valign="top" | | valign="top" | |- | valign="top" | | valign="top" | | valign="top" | | valign="top" |Getal DC-5’s gebou | valign="top" |5 |- | valign="top" | | valign="top" | | valign="top" | | valign="top" | | valign="top" | |- | valign="top" |606/608 | valign="top" |R3D-1 | valign="top" |VSA-vloot | valign="top" |1901/1903 | valign="top" |3 |- | valign="top" |609/612 | valign="top" |R3D-2 | valign="top" |Mariene Korps | valign="top" |1904/1907 | valign="top" |4 |- | valign="top" | | valign="top" | | valign="top" | | valign="top" | | valign="top" | |- | valign="top" | | valign="top" | | valign="top" | | valign="top" |Getal R3D’s gebou | valign="top" |7 |- | valign="top" | | valign="top" | | valign="top" | | valign="top" | | valign="top" | |- | valign="top" | | valign="top" | | valign="top" | | valign="top" |Totale produksie | valign="top" |12 |} === DC-6 === [[Lêer:9qcgz 2003-05-04 FAGM P5045486 crhor 600x450.jpg|duimnael|Hierdie vliegtuig is volgens sy dataplaat as ’n C-118A deur Douglas in Santa Monica, Kalifornië, in die VSA met die konstruksienommer 43573 en die reeksnommer 51-3826 gebou.]] [[Lêer:9qcgz 1997-07-00 FALA 068 dust shd25 her 600x364.jpg|duimnael|Die Douglas C-118A met die konstruksienommer 43573 word in Julie 1997 as 9Q-CGZ by Lanseria-lughawe gesien. Daar is vragdeure voor en agter op die romp van die vliegtuig.]] Die lugrederye wat nie die Lockheed Constellation bestel het nie, het gevind dat die XC-112A, die militêre prototipe van die DC-6, goed in hulle behoefte aan ’n gedrukreëlde lynvliegtuig sou kon voorsien. Gevolglik het American Airlines en United Air Lines die bal aan die rol gesit deur die DC-6 eerste te bestel. Die DC-6 is in drie hoof- burgerlike weergawes, naamlik die DC-6, die DC-6A en die DC-6B, gebou. Die DC-6 het aanvanklik 50 sitplekke gehad (twee weerskante van die gang). Dit is later tot 68 en toe 86 verhoog (deur die vliegtuig met vyf sitplekke langs mekaar toe te rus en die afstand tussen die sitplekke te verminder). Die DC-6A het kragtiger weergawes van die Double Wasp-enjins met water-metanol-inspuiting gehad. Die romp van die DC-6A was langer en ruimer en die vliegtuig het ’n groter brandstofvermoë en beter werkverrigting as die DC-6 gehad. Die DC-6B was vir die vervoer van passasiers geoptimaliseer en het dus nie die versterkte vloer en twee vragdeure van die vragvliegtuig gehad nie. Die DC-6B het aanvanklik 52 sitplekke gehad en later 82 of selfs 102 vir huurvlugte. Die militêre variante van die DC-6 het bestaan uit die VC-118 (vir gebruik deur die President van Amerika), C-118A’s vir die USAF, R6D-1’s vir die VSA-vloot (later C-118B’s hernoem), VC-118A’s vir die USAF, R6D-1Z’s vir die VSA-vloot (later VC-118B’s), RC-118A’s en een EC-118A. Die meeste van die C-118A’s en R6D-1’s was toegerus om 74 militêre passasiers of 27000 pond se vrag te dra. Die produksiesyfer vir die DC-6 en sy variante was 704 eenhede. Die Douglas DC-6 is as die DC-6 (171), DC-6A (78), DC-6B (287), XC-112A (1), VC-118 (1), C-118A (101) en R6D-1 (65) gebou.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=253 to 255; 261 to 262; 308 |language=en}}</ref> Die vliegtuig wat in die meegaande drie foto’s geïllustreer word, is volgens sy dataplaat as ’n C-118A deur Douglas in Santa Monica, Kalifornië, in die VSA met die konstruksienommer 43573 en die reeksnommer 51-3826 gebou. Die vliegtuig met die konstruksienommer 43573 is op 18 Oktober 1952 as ’n C-118A met die reeksnommer 51-3826 aan die USAF afgelewer en hy is in Desember 1996 as 9Q-CGZ geregistreer.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Eastwood and Roach |first=Tony and John |title=Piston-Engined Airliner Production List |date=October 2002 |publisher=The Aviation Hobby Shop |year=2002 |isbn=0 907178 94 4 |location=West Drayton, Middlesex, England |pages=290 |language=en}}</ref> [[Lêer:9qcgz 2003-05-04 FAGM P5045482 LR 600x450.jpg|duimnael|250x250px|Die versterkte kajuitvloer en vragbinneruim van die C-118A met die registrasienommer 9Q-CGZ.]] Dit was die Koreaanse Oorlog (1951) wat die VSA se Departement van Verdediging daartoe gelei het om ’n variant van die DC-6A as die standaard- militêre transportvliegtuig vir sowel die USAF as die VSA-vloot aan te skaf. Die USAF het 101 vliegtuie as C-118A’s bestel. Die meeste van die C-118A’s was toegerus om óf 74 militêre passasiers in redelik beskeie gemak óf 27000 pond se vrag te vervoer. Die DC-6A (die variant waarop die C-118A geskoei was) was as ’n vragvliegtuig met ’n versterkte kajuitvloer en twee vragdeure aan die linkerkant van die romp (een voor en een agter die vlerke) geoptimaliseer.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=254, 261, 262 |language=en}}</ref> (Die twee vragdeure van die C-118A kan in die foto van 9Q-CGZ gesien word.) === DC-7 === [[Lêer:SAA Douglas DC-7B Robbins-1.jpg|duimnael|SAL DC-7B by Salisbury-lughawe in Rhodesië in 1959 – nou Harare in Zimbabwe]] Die Douglas DC-7 was ’n vliegtuig wat vier Wright Turbo-Compound-suierenjins gehad het wat vierbladlugskroewe aangedryf het. Hierdie tipe is in die Santa Monica-aanleg van die Douglas-maatskappy gebou. Hoewel die kragbronne van die DC-7’s nie so betroubaar was nie, was hulle veilige lynvliegtuie. Omdat die DC-7’s in diens gekom het slegs vyf jaar voordat die eerstegenerasie-straallynvliegtuie in gebruik geneem is, was hulle uit ’n ekonomiese oogpunt nie so ’n goeie proposisie nie. Boonop, omdat die bedryfskoste van die DC-7’s en DC-7B’s hoër as dié van die DC-6A’s en DC-6B’s was, was hulle nie so aantreklik vir lugrederye wat hulle ná die hoofrederye bedryf het nie – selfs as gemodifiseerde vragvliegtuie. [[Lêer:Zsdkg 0000 FAJS resample LRnuwe cr 800x533.jpg|duimnael|Let op die verskil tussen die stertvin van die DC-7B (links) en die hoër vin van die DC-7C (regs). Die twee tipes is onderskeidelik die derde en die vierde vliegtuig.]] [[Lêer:Fboli 1974-09-02 FAJS 203 864x576.jpg|duimnael|Die Reeks 50 DC-8’s het JT3D-turbowaaierenjins gehad en die DC-8-55F is die vragweergawe – let op op die vragdeur in die voorste deel van die romp.]] Douglas het altesaam 338 DC-7’s gebou. Die variante het betaan uit die DC-7 (105 gebou), DC-7B (112 gebou) en DC-7C (121 gebou). Die voorkoms van die DC-7B was anders as dié van die DC-7 deurdat die DC-7B langer enjinnaselle gehad (waarin saaltenke geïnstalleer kon word om die maksimum brandstofvermoë tot ongeveer 24500 liter te verhoog). Die kragbronne van die DC-7B was die Wright 972TC18DA4, 988TC1818EA-1 of die 988TC18EA4, met vermoëns soortgelyk aan dié van die DC-7. Die bruto massa by opstyging het van ongeveer 53000 kilogram tot ongeveer 57150 kilogram gewissel en die maksimum landingsmassa van die DC-7B is van ongeveer 44000 kilogram (vir die DC-7) tot ongeveer 46260 kilogram (vir die DC-7B) verhoog. Die DC-7B het sy nooiensvlug in Oktober 1954 gehad en die tipe is aan verskillende klante verkoop (insluitende die Suid-Afrikaanse Lugdiens). Pan American, Panagra en die Suid-Afrikaanse Lugdiens was die enigste rederye wat saaltenke in hulle DC-7B’s laat installeer het. Die grootste verskil tussen die DC-7C en die DC-7B was dat ’n gedeelte van 1.52 meter in die geval van die DC-7C tussen die romp en die binneboordenjinnaselle by die vlerkmiddelpaneel bygevoeg is. Dit het ruimte gelaat vir bykomende brandstoftenke (die totale brandstofvermoë is tot ongeveer 29600 liter verhoog) en ook die aërodinamiese doeltreffendheid van die vlerke verbeter. Daarbenewens is daar in die geval van die DC-7C ’n gedeelte van 1.07 meter by die romp bygevoeg, wat die getal sitplekke en die vrag/posvolume verhoog het. Die maksimum brutomassa van die DC-7 was ongeveer 64860 kilogram. Die eerste DC-7C het op 20 Desember 1955 gevlieg. Douglas het DC-7C’s vir 13 klante gebou, met die laaste een wat op 4 November 1958 afgelewer is. === DC-8 === [[Lêer:Fbolh 1976-11-07 FAJS 343 spot crop shd25 her 600x364.jpg|duimnael|Die DC-8-62 het JT3D-turbowaaierenjins gehad. Die DC-8-62 met die konstruksienommer 46028 word op 7 November 1976 by Jan Smuts-lughawe.]] Die DC-8 het sy eerste vlug op 30 Mei 1958 in Long Beach gehad. Altesaam 556 DC-8’s is vervaardig (eers deur Douglas en toe deur McDonnell Douglas Corporation). Die DC-8 is in vyf reekse gebou, naamlik die Reeks 10 (JT3C-turbostraalenjins) , Reeks 20 en Reeks 30 (JT4-enjins), Reeks 40 (Rolls-Royce Conway-enjins) en Reeks 50 (JT3D-turbowaaierenjins). Dan was daar ook die langer Reeks (Model) 61, 62 en 63 (JT3D-enjins). Nadat produksie beëindig is, het Cammacorp die DC-8-71, -72 en -73 (CFM56-enjins) geskep. Die Model 61 was gemik op die langer en besiger binnelandse roetes in die VSA. Hierdie vliegtuig het die standaardvlerk behou, maar die romp was langer en kon ’n maksimum van 259 sitplekke akkommodeer. Die Model 62 was vir langer afstande bedoel en is op 22 Mei 1967 deur SAS in diens gestel. Die Model 63 het die lang romp  van die DC-8-61 met die groter vlerk van die DC-8-62 gekombineer en is vir trans-Atlantiese roetes ontwerp.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=353 |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=Taylor |first=Michael |title=Jane’s Encyclopedia of Aviation |date=1995 |publisher=Crescent Books |year=1995 |isbn=0-517-10316-8 |location=Avenel, New Jersey |pages=643, 644 |language=en}}</ref> === DC-9 === [[Lêer:710881 2002-09-18 FAWK 194 reg shd25 800x486.jpg|duimnael|Die Douglas C-9A Nightingale met die reeksnommer 71-0881 van die USAF op 18 September 2002 by Lugmagbasis Waterkloof in Pretoria in Suid-Afrika.]] Die eerste vlug van die DC-9 was op 25 Februarie 1965 by Long Beach.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=354 |language=en}}</ref> Die DC-9 het tot die Long Beach California-familie van lynvliegtuie behoort. Nadat die Douglas Aircraft Corporation met Boeing saamgesmelt het, het dit as die Douglas-produkte-afdeling van Boeing bekendgestaan.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pearcy |first=Arthur |title=McDonnell Douglas MD-80 and MD-90 |date=1999 |publisher=Airlife Publishing Ltd |year=1999 |isbn=1 85310 956 8 |location=Shrewsbury, England |pages=6 |language=en}}</ref> [[Lêer:Zsnra 2005-11-28 FACT 075 LR 800x533.jpg|duimnael|Foto van ’n DC-9-32 van 1Time Airline op 28 November 2005 by Kaapstad Internasionale Lughawe. Die konstruksienommer van die vliegtuig is 47430 en sy registrasie is ZS-NRA.]] Die Douglas-bestuur het gedetailleerde ingenieurswerk op die ontwerp van ’n tweestraalmotorige lynvliegtuig in Februarie 1963 gemagtig, en in Mei 1963 is die verkoop van 15 nuwe lynvliegtuie bekend as die DC-9 aan Delta Air Lines aangekondig. Verskillende vervaardigers was by die bou van die vliegtuig betrokke: die neus is gebou by Santa Monica, die vlerk- en stertsamestel is deur De Havilland van Kanada gebou, romppanele is deur Aerfer in Italië gebou en ander komponente is in die VSA vervaardig. Die Long Beach-aanleg was vir die produksie van die romp en die finale montering verantwoordelik. Aanvanklik het hierdie proses plaasgevind op ’n enkele monteerbaan waar die DC-8 en die DC-9 gesamentlik geproduseer is. Die DC-9 het groot sukses behaal en in 1965 alleen is 170 van die tweestraalmotige lynvliegtuie verkoop en teen die einde van 1966 het totale verkope 424 eenhede bereik. Die aanvanklike gesamentlike DC-8-en-DC-9-produksielyn by Long Beach is vervang deur ’n enkele DC-8-produksielyn en twee parallelle DC-9-lyne. ’n Nuwe filiaal, Douglas Aircraft Company of Canada het verantwoordelikheid vir die produksie van sowel DC-9-vlerksamestelle as DC-9-stertsamestelle aanvaar. Douglas het gedeeltes van die De Havilland Canada-aanleg in Malton, Ontario, met ingang van 1 Desember 1965 gehuur en bedryf.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pearcy |first=Arthur |title=McDonnell Douglas MD-80 and MD-90 |date=1999 |publisher=Airlife Publishing Ltd |year=1999 |isbn=1 85310 956 8 |location=Shrewsbury, England |pages=12, 14 |language=en}}</ref> ==== DC-9 Reeks 30 ==== [[Lêer:Lnrka 1976-12-16 FAJS 431 spot shd50 800x486.jpg|duimnael|Die DC-10-30 met die registrasienommer LN-RKA van die Scandanavian Airline System het die konstruksienommer 46868.]] Die eerste Reeks 30 het op 1 Augustus 1966 vir die eerste keer gevlieg. Die eerste aflewering, aan Eastern Air Lines, het op 27 Januarie 1967 geskied en geskeduleerde dienste het op 1 Februarie 1967 begin.<ref name="taylor">{{Cite book |last=Taylor |first=John |title=Jane’s all the World’s Aircraft 1981-82 |date=October 1981 |publisher=Jane’s Publishing Company Ltd |year=1981 |isbn=0 7106-0729-6 |location=London, United Kingdom |pages=408 |language=en}}</ref> Die USAF het gedurende 1967 die C-9A Nightingale-weergawe van die kommersiële DC-9 Reeks 30 gekies om in ’n behoefte aan ’n nuwe vliegtuig vir die vervoer van pasiënte te voorsien. Die C-9A kan tot 40 pasiënte op draagbare of meer as 40 in standaardsitplkekke vervoer en het ’n kompartement vir die spesiale versorging van pasiënte.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Taylor and Swanborough |first=John and Gordon |title=Military Aircraft of the World |date=1975 |publisher=Ian Alan Ltd |year=1975 |isbn=0 7110 0049 0-102/74 |edition=3rd |location=Shepperton, Surrey, United Kingdom |pages=207 |language=en}}</ref> Die eerste C-9A Nightingale is op 17 Junie 1968 by Long Beach in Kalifornië onthul.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pyle |first=Mark |title=Chronicle of Aviation |date=1992 |publisher=JOL International Publishing |year=1992 |isbn=1 872031 30 7 |pages=658 |language=en}}</ref> Daar is eers agt van hierdie vliegtuie bestel en daarna is nog 13 bestel. Die eerste C-9A is op 10 Augustus 1968 afgelewer.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Taylor and Swanborough |first=John and Gordon |title=Military Aircraft of the World |date=1975 |publisher=Ian Alan Ltd |year=1975 |isbn=0 7110 0049 0-102/74 |edition=3rd |location=Shepperton, Surrey, United Kingdom |pages=207 |language=en}}</ref> In totaal is 21 Nightingales tussen 1968 en 1973 aan die USAF afgelewer.<ref name="taylor" /> === DC-10 === [[Lêer:Ooslc 1976-12-12 FAJS 405 shd50 her1 800x486.jpg|duimnael|Sabena se McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30CF met die registrasienommer OO-SLC het die konstruksienommer 47908.]] Die Douglas DC-10 is ’n driemotorige wyeromp-straalvliegtuig wat vir die vervoer van passasiers of vrag gebruik is of as ’n gekombineerde vervoermiddel gebruik is. Die DC-10 het sy eerste vlug op 29 Augustus 1970 by Long Beach gehad en is deur die McDonnell Douglas Corporation vervaardig. Altesaam 446 eenhede van die tipe is gebou. Daar is vyf variante van die DC-10, naamlik die Reeks 10, Reeks 15, Reeks 30, Reeks 30ER en Reeks 40. Dan is daar ook omskepbare vragweergawes, naamlik die Model 10CF en 30CF. Laasgenoemde is as die KC-10A Extender deur die USAF bestel (dit is ’n tenk-en-vragvliegtuig).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=356 |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=Taylor |first=John |title=Jane’s all the World’s Aircraft 1981-82 |date=October 1981 |publisher=Jane’s Publishing Company Ltd |year=1981 |isbn=0 7106-0729-6 |location=London, United Kingdom |pages=410 |language=en}}</ref>{{Commons|Douglas Aircraft Company}} == Algemene aantekening == [[Lêer:860035 1995-10-00 FAWK 453 shd25 her 600x364.jpg|duimnael|Die McDonnell Douglas KC-10 Extender met die reeksnommer 86-0035 word in Oktober 1995 op die Suid-Afrikaanse Lugmag se basis by Waterkloof naby Pretoria in Suid-Afrika gesien.]] Waar spesifieke bronverwysings nie aangegee word nie in die gedeeltes oor die verskillende Douglas-produkte wat hierbo beskryf word, is daardie gedeeltes grootliks op ''Skyleaders'' en Gradidge 2006 gegrond.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=20, 46 – 61, 85, 87, 152 – 161, 164, 165, 292 tot 296, 300, 301, 318, 321 |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=Gradidge |first=Jennifer |title=The Douglas DC-1/DC-2/DC-3, The First Seventy Years |date=30 September 2006 |publisher=Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd |year=2006 |isbn=978 085130 332 1 |location=Staplefield, West Sussex, England |pages=9, 11, 20 |language=en}}</ref> == Verwysings == {{Verwysings}} {{Normdata}} [[Kategorie:Douglas-vliegtuie| ]] 4vhhrjt8szey9862fmmycd2kbvydhnh 0 424494 2917062 2854704 2026-07-12T00:41:24Z Maximiliaan Ronaldszoon 194050 2917062 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Jude Bellingham | image = [[Lêer:25th Laureus World Sports Awards - Red Carpet - Jude Bellingham - 240422 190551-2 (cropped).jpg|260px]] | caption = Bellingham in 2024 | full_name = Jude Victor William Bellingham | birth_date = {{birth date and age|2003|6|29|df=y}} | birth_place = Stourbridge, [[Wes-Midlands]], [[Engeland]] | height = 1,86 m<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.realmadrid.com/en-US/football/first-team/players/jude-bellingham |title=Jude Bellingham |publisher=Real Madrid CF |access-date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223043115/https://www.realmadrid.com/en-US/football/first-team/players/jude-bellingham |archive-date=23 February 2024 |url-status=live }}</ref> | position = Middelveldspeler | currentclub = [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] | clubnumber = 5 | youthyears1 = 2009–2010 | youthclubs1 = Stourbridge Juniors | youthyears2 = 2010–2019 | youthclubs2 = [[:en:Birmingham City F.C. Reserves and Academy|Birmingham City]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bcfc.com/news/archive/bellingham-expresses-his-gratitude |title=Bellingham expresses his gratitude |publisher=Birmingham City F.C. |date=23 July 2020 |access-date=3 September 2022 |archive-date=11 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211030128/https://www.bcfc.com/news/articles/2020/bellingham-expresses-his-gratitude/ |url-status=live}}</ref> | years1 = 2019–2020 | clubs1 = [[Birmingham City FC|Birmingham City]] | caps1 = 41 | goals1 = 4 | years2 = 2020–2023 | clubs2 = [[Borussia Dortmund]] | caps2 = 92 | goals2 = 12 | years3 = 2023– | clubs3 = [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] | caps3 = 87<!--La Liga matches only--> | goals3 = 34<!--La Liga matches only--> | nationalyears1 = 2016–2018 | nationalteam1 = Engeland o/15 | nationalcaps1 = 8 | nationalgoals1 = 1 | nationalyears2 = 2018–2019 | nationalteam2 = [[:en:England national under-16 football team|Engeland o/16]] | nationalcaps2 = 11 | nationalgoals2 = 4 | nationalyears3 = 2019 | nationalteam3 = [[:en:England national under-17 football team|Engeland o/17]] | nationalcaps3 = 3 | nationalgoals3 = 2 | nationalyears4 = 2020 | nationalteam4 = [[:en:England national under-21 football team|Engeland o/21]] | nationalcaps4 = 4 | nationalgoals4 = 1 | nationalyears5 = 2020– | nationalteam5 = [[Engelse nasionale sokkerspan|Engeland]] | nationalcaps5 = 54 | nationalgoals5 = 12 | club-update = 23 Mei 2026 | nationalteam-update = 11 Julie 2026 }} '''Jude Bellingham''' (gebore op 29 Junie 2003) is 'n Engelse professionele sokkerspeler wat tans as 'n middelveldspeler vir [[Real Madrid]] en die [[Engelse nasionale sokkerspan]] speel. Hy word as een van die beste spelers ter wêreld beskou en is bekend vir sy atletiese vermoë en sy uitstekende balveroweringsvermoë.<ref name="2024 Ballon d'Or">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2024/oct/28/rodri-and-bonmati-scoop-ballons-dor-as-real-madrid-boycott-big-awards-night|title=Rodri and Bonmatí scoop Ballons d'Or as Real Madrid boycott big awards night|first=Nick|last=Ames|newspaper=The Guardian|location=London|date=28 October 2024|access-date=13 March 2025|archive-date=13 February 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250213154943/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2024/oct/28/rodri-and-bonmati-scoop-ballons-dor-as-real-madrid-boycott-big-awards-night|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="FIFA The Best 2024">{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/en/the-best-fifa-football-awards/2024/articles/mens-player-2024-winner-vinicius-jr|title=Vinicius Jr named The Best Men's Player|date=16 December 2024|publisher=FIFA|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241217181603/https://www.fifa.com/en/the-best-fifa-football-awards/2024/articles/mens-player-2024-winner-vinicius-jr|archive-date=17 December 2024|access-date=13 March 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> Hy het hom by [[Birmingham City FC|Birmingham City]] aangesluit toe hy jonger as agt jaar oud was en het in Augustus 2019, op 16-jarige ouderdom, die klub se jongste speler ooit geword toe hy sy senior debuut gemaak het. Hy was 'n gereelde speler gedurende die 2019/20-seisoen. In Julie 2020 het hy by [[BV Borussia Dortmund|Borussia Dortmund]] aangesluit en tydens sy eerste wedstryd die klub se jongste doelskieter ooit geword. Oor drie seisoene het hy 132 wedstryde vir die klub gespeel, die [[DFB-Pokal]] in 2020/21 gewen, en met sy vertonings in die 2022/23-seisoen Dortmund gehelp om as naaswenners in die [[Bundesliga]] te eindig. Hy is ook as die Bundesliga se Speler van die Seisoen aangewys. Later daardie jaar het hy albei die belangrikste individuele toekennings vir manlike sokkerspelers jonger as 21 jaar gewen: die Europese Golden Boy en die wêreldwye Kopa-trofee.<ref name="2023Kopa">{{cite news|url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/12016/12996778/jude-bellingham-england-and-real-madrid-midfielder-jude-bellingham-wins-2023-kopa-trophy|title=Jude Bellingham: England and Real Madrid midfielder Jude Bellingham wins 2023 Kopa Trophy|website=Sky Sports|date=31 October 2023|access-date=5 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105161148/https://www.skysports.com/football/news/12016/12996778/jude-bellingham-england-and-real-madrid-midfielder-jude-bellingham-wins-2023-kopa-trophy|archive-date=5 November 2023|url-status=live|quote=The Kopa Trophy is, however, awarded for his form last season, when Bellingham helped Borussia Dortmund to finish second in the Bundesliga and starred for England at the World Cup in Qatar.}}</ref><ref name="2023 GoldenBoy">{{cite news|title=Jude Bellingham wins prestigious 2023 Golden Boy Award|url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/story/_/id/38920093/jude-bellingham-wins-prestigious-2023-golden-boy-award|website=ESPN UK|date=17 November 2023|access-date=5 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231117174926/https://www.espn.co.uk/football/story/_/id/38920093/jude-bellingham-wins-prestigious-2023-golden-boy-award|archive-date=17 November 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> Daarna het hy vir 'n oordragfooi van €103 miljoen by [[Real Madrid]] aangesluit.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://en.as.com/soccer/the-add-ons-included-in-jude-bellinghams-move-from-borussia-dortmund-to-real-madrid-n/|title=The add-ons included in Jude Bellingham's move from Borussia Dortmund to Real Madrid|first=Mario|last=de la Riva|website=Diario AS|date=23 June 2023|access-date=22 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240414105251/https://en.as.com/soccer/the-add-ons-included-in-jude-bellinghams-move-from-borussia-dortmund-to-real-madrid-n/|archive-date=14 April 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> In sy eerste seisoen was Bellingham die klub se voorste doelskieter in [[La Liga]]. Hy het Real Madrid gehelp om die La Liga-titel en die [[UEFA Champions League]] te wen, en is as La Liga se Speler van die Seisoen aangewys. Hy is drie agtereenvolgende jare (2023, 2024 en 2025) in die FIFPRO Wêreld-11 ingesluit en het in 2024 derde geëindig in die [[Ballon d'Or]]-stemming en The Best FIFA Men's Player. Bellingham het Engeland op o/15-, o/16-, o/17- en o/21-vlak verteenwoordig. Hy het in November 2020 sy debuut vir die senior nasionale span gemaak en was deel van Engeland se groepe vir die [[UEFA Europa-beker|UEFA Europese Kampioenskap]] in 2020 en 2024, asook die [[Sokker-Wêreldbeker|FIFA Wêreldbekertoernooie]] in [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2022|2022]] en [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2022|2026]]. ==Verwysings== {{verwysings}}{{Portaalbalk|Sokker|Sport}} {{Normdata}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bellingham, Jude}} [[Kategorie:Geboortes in 2003]] [[Kategorie:Engelse sokkerspelers]] [[Kategorie:Lewende mense]] 4n4g3w4j0frf410sqhka0r0mgh7g7y3 2917063 2917062 2026-07-12T00:41:50Z Maximiliaan Ronaldszoon 194050 2917063 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Jude Bellingham | image = [[Lêer:25th Laureus World Sports Awards - Red Carpet - Jude Bellingham - 240422 190551-2 (cropped).jpg|260px]] | caption = Bellingham in 2024 | full_name = Jude Victor William Bellingham | birth_date = {{birth date and age|2003|6|29|df=y}} | birth_place = Stourbridge, [[Wes-Midlands]], [[Engeland]] | height = 1,86 m<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.realmadrid.com/en-US/football/first-team/players/jude-bellingham |title=Jude Bellingham |publisher=Real Madrid CF |access-date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223043115/https://www.realmadrid.com/en-US/football/first-team/players/jude-bellingham |archive-date=23 February 2024 |url-status=live }}</ref> | position = Middelveldspeler | currentclub = [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] | clubnumber = 5 | youthyears1 = 2009–2010 | youthclubs1 = Stourbridge Juniors | youthyears2 = 2010–2019 | youthclubs2 = [[:en:Birmingham City F.C. Reserves and Academy|Birmingham City]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bcfc.com/news/archive/bellingham-expresses-his-gratitude |title=Bellingham expresses his gratitude |publisher=Birmingham City F.C. |date=23 July 2020 |access-date=3 September 2022 |archive-date=11 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211030128/https://www.bcfc.com/news/articles/2020/bellingham-expresses-his-gratitude/ |url-status=live}}</ref> | years1 = 2019–2020 | clubs1 = [[Birmingham City FC|Birmingham City]] | caps1 = 41 | goals1 = 4 | years2 = 2020–2023 | clubs2 = [[Borussia Dortmund]] | caps2 = 92 | goals2 = 12 | years3 = 2023– | clubs3 = [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] | caps3 = 87<!--La Liga matches only--> | goals3 = 34<!--La Liga matches only--> | nationalyears1 = 2016–2018 | nationalteam1 = Engeland o/15 | nationalcaps1 = 8 | nationalgoals1 = 1 | nationalyears2 = 2018–2019 | nationalteam2 = [[:en:England national under-16 football team|Engeland o/16]] | nationalcaps2 = 11 | nationalgoals2 = 4 | nationalyears3 = 2019 | nationalteam3 = [[:en:England national under-17 football team|Engeland o/17]] | nationalcaps3 = 3 | nationalgoals3 = 2 | nationalyears4 = 2020 | nationalteam4 = [[:en:England national under-21 football team|Engeland o/21]] | nationalcaps4 = 4 | nationalgoals4 = 1 | nationalyears5 = 2020– | nationalteam5 = [[Engelse nasionale sokkerspan|Engeland]] | nationalcaps5 = 54 | nationalgoals5 = 12 | club-update = 23 Mei 2026 | nationalteam-update = 11 Julie 2026 }} '''Jude Bellingham''' (gebore [[29 Junie]] [[2003]]) is 'n Engelse professionele sokkerspeler wat tans as 'n middelveldspeler vir [[Real Madrid]] en die [[Engelse nasionale sokkerspan]] speel. Hy word as een van die beste spelers ter wêreld beskou en is bekend vir sy atletiese vermoë en sy uitstekende balveroweringsvermoë.<ref name="2024 Ballon d'Or">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2024/oct/28/rodri-and-bonmati-scoop-ballons-dor-as-real-madrid-boycott-big-awards-night|title=Rodri and Bonmatí scoop Ballons d'Or as Real Madrid boycott big awards night|first=Nick|last=Ames|newspaper=The Guardian|location=London|date=28 October 2024|access-date=13 March 2025|archive-date=13 February 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250213154943/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2024/oct/28/rodri-and-bonmati-scoop-ballons-dor-as-real-madrid-boycott-big-awards-night|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="FIFA The Best 2024">{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/en/the-best-fifa-football-awards/2024/articles/mens-player-2024-winner-vinicius-jr|title=Vinicius Jr named The Best Men's Player|date=16 December 2024|publisher=FIFA|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241217181603/https://www.fifa.com/en/the-best-fifa-football-awards/2024/articles/mens-player-2024-winner-vinicius-jr|archive-date=17 December 2024|access-date=13 March 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> Hy het hom by [[Birmingham City FC|Birmingham City]] aangesluit toe hy jonger as agt jaar oud was en het in Augustus 2019, op 16-jarige ouderdom, die klub se jongste speler ooit geword toe hy sy senior debuut gemaak het. Hy was 'n gereelde speler gedurende die 2019/20-seisoen. In Julie 2020 het hy by [[BV Borussia Dortmund|Borussia Dortmund]] aangesluit en tydens sy eerste wedstryd die klub se jongste doelskieter ooit geword. Oor drie seisoene het hy 132 wedstryde vir die klub gespeel, die [[DFB-Pokal]] in 2020/21 gewen, en met sy vertonings in die 2022/23-seisoen Dortmund gehelp om as naaswenners in die [[Bundesliga]] te eindig. Hy is ook as die Bundesliga se Speler van die Seisoen aangewys. Later daardie jaar het hy albei die belangrikste individuele toekennings vir manlike sokkerspelers jonger as 21 jaar gewen: die Europese Golden Boy en die wêreldwye Kopa-trofee.<ref name="2023Kopa">{{cite news|url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/12016/12996778/jude-bellingham-england-and-real-madrid-midfielder-jude-bellingham-wins-2023-kopa-trophy|title=Jude Bellingham: England and Real Madrid midfielder Jude Bellingham wins 2023 Kopa Trophy|website=Sky Sports|date=31 October 2023|access-date=5 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105161148/https://www.skysports.com/football/news/12016/12996778/jude-bellingham-england-and-real-madrid-midfielder-jude-bellingham-wins-2023-kopa-trophy|archive-date=5 November 2023|url-status=live|quote=The Kopa Trophy is, however, awarded for his form last season, when Bellingham helped Borussia Dortmund to finish second in the Bundesliga and starred for England at the World Cup in Qatar.}}</ref><ref name="2023 GoldenBoy">{{cite news|title=Jude Bellingham wins prestigious 2023 Golden Boy Award|url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/story/_/id/38920093/jude-bellingham-wins-prestigious-2023-golden-boy-award|website=ESPN UK|date=17 November 2023|access-date=5 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231117174926/https://www.espn.co.uk/football/story/_/id/38920093/jude-bellingham-wins-prestigious-2023-golden-boy-award|archive-date=17 November 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> Daarna het hy vir 'n oordragfooi van €103 miljoen by [[Real Madrid]] aangesluit.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://en.as.com/soccer/the-add-ons-included-in-jude-bellinghams-move-from-borussia-dortmund-to-real-madrid-n/|title=The add-ons included in Jude Bellingham's move from Borussia Dortmund to Real Madrid|first=Mario|last=de la Riva|website=Diario AS|date=23 June 2023|access-date=22 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240414105251/https://en.as.com/soccer/the-add-ons-included-in-jude-bellinghams-move-from-borussia-dortmund-to-real-madrid-n/|archive-date=14 April 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> In sy eerste seisoen was Bellingham die klub se voorste doelskieter in [[La Liga]]. Hy het Real Madrid gehelp om die La Liga-titel en die [[UEFA Champions League]] te wen, en is as La Liga se Speler van die Seisoen aangewys. Hy is drie agtereenvolgende jare (2023, 2024 en 2025) in die FIFPRO Wêreld-11 ingesluit en het in 2024 derde geëindig in die [[Ballon d'Or]]-stemming en The Best FIFA Men's Player. Bellingham het Engeland op o/15-, o/16-, o/17- en o/21-vlak verteenwoordig. Hy het in November 2020 sy debuut vir die senior nasionale span gemaak en was deel van Engeland se groepe vir die [[UEFA Europa-beker|UEFA Europese Kampioenskap]] in 2020 en 2024, asook die [[Sokker-Wêreldbeker|FIFA Wêreldbekertoernooie]] in [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2022|2022]] en [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2022|2026]]. ==Verwysings== {{verwysings}}{{Portaalbalk|Sokker|Sport}} {{Normdata}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bellingham, Jude}} [[Kategorie:Geboortes in 2003]] [[Kategorie:Engelse sokkerspelers]] [[Kategorie:Lewende mense]] h5a1a6vj7j206dl8114vz8qnhhl2qtz 2917064 2917063 2026-07-12T00:42:27Z Maximiliaan Ronaldszoon 194050 2917064 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Jude Bellingham | image = [[Lêer:25th Laureus World Sports Awards - Red Carpet - Jude Bellingham - 240422 190551-2 (cropped).jpg|260px]] | caption = Bellingham in 2024 | full_name = Jude Victor William Bellingham | birth_date = {{birth date and age|2003|6|29|df=y}} | birth_place = Stourbridge, [[Wes-Midlands]], [[Engeland]] | height = 1,86 m<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.realmadrid.com/en-US/football/first-team/players/jude-bellingham |title=Jude Bellingham |publisher=Real Madrid CF |access-date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223043115/https://www.realmadrid.com/en-US/football/first-team/players/jude-bellingham |archive-date=23 February 2024 |url-status=live }}</ref> | position = Middelveldspeler | currentclub = [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] | clubnumber = 5 | youthyears1 = 2009–2010 | youthclubs1 = Stourbridge Juniors | youthyears2 = 2010–2019 | youthclubs2 = [[:en:Birmingham City F.C. Reserves and Academy|Birmingham City]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bcfc.com/news/archive/bellingham-expresses-his-gratitude |title=Bellingham expresses his gratitude |publisher=Birmingham City F.C. |date=23 July 2020 |access-date=3 September 2022 |archive-date=11 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211030128/https://www.bcfc.com/news/articles/2020/bellingham-expresses-his-gratitude/ |url-status=live}}</ref> | years1 = 2019–2020 | clubs1 = [[Birmingham City FC|Birmingham City]] | caps1 = 41 | goals1 = 4 | years2 = 2020–2023 | clubs2 = [[Borussia Dortmund]] | caps2 = 92 | goals2 = 12 | years3 = 2023– | clubs3 = [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] | caps3 = 87<!--La Liga matches only--> | goals3 = 34<!--La Liga matches only--> | nationalyears1 = 2016–2018 | nationalteam1 = Engeland o/15 | nationalcaps1 = 8 | nationalgoals1 = 1 | nationalyears2 = 2018–2019 | nationalteam2 = [[:en:England national under-16 football team|Engeland o/16]] | nationalcaps2 = 11 | nationalgoals2 = 4 | nationalyears3 = 2019 | nationalteam3 = [[:en:England national under-17 football team|Engeland o/17]] | nationalcaps3 = 3 | nationalgoals3 = 2 | nationalyears4 = 2020 | nationalteam4 = [[:en:England national under-21 football team|Engeland o/21]] | nationalcaps4 = 4 | nationalgoals4 = 1 | nationalyears5 = 2020– | nationalteam5 = [[Engelse nasionale sokkerspan|Engeland]] | nationalcaps5 = 54 | nationalgoals5 = 12 | club-update = 23 Mei 2026 | nationalteam-update = 11 Julie 2026 }} '''Jude Bellingham''' (gebore [[29 Junie]] [[2003]]) is 'n [[Engeland|Engelse]] professionele [[Sokker|sokkerspeler]] wat tans as 'n middelveldspeler vir [[Real Madrid]] en die [[Engelse nasionale sokkerspan]] speel. Hy word as een van die beste spelers ter wêreld beskou en is bekend vir sy atletiese vermoë en sy uitstekende balveroweringsvermoë.<ref name="2024 Ballon d'Or">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2024/oct/28/rodri-and-bonmati-scoop-ballons-dor-as-real-madrid-boycott-big-awards-night|title=Rodri and Bonmatí scoop Ballons d'Or as Real Madrid boycott big awards night|first=Nick|last=Ames|newspaper=The Guardian|location=London|date=28 October 2024|access-date=13 March 2025|archive-date=13 February 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250213154943/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2024/oct/28/rodri-and-bonmati-scoop-ballons-dor-as-real-madrid-boycott-big-awards-night|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="FIFA The Best 2024">{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/en/the-best-fifa-football-awards/2024/articles/mens-player-2024-winner-vinicius-jr|title=Vinicius Jr named The Best Men's Player|date=16 December 2024|publisher=FIFA|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241217181603/https://www.fifa.com/en/the-best-fifa-football-awards/2024/articles/mens-player-2024-winner-vinicius-jr|archive-date=17 December 2024|access-date=13 March 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> Hy het hom by [[Birmingham City FC|Birmingham City]] aangesluit toe hy jonger as agt jaar oud was en het in Augustus 2019, op 16-jarige ouderdom, die klub se jongste speler ooit geword toe hy sy senior debuut gemaak het. Hy was 'n gereelde speler gedurende die 2019/20-seisoen. In Julie 2020 het hy by [[BV Borussia Dortmund|Borussia Dortmund]] aangesluit en tydens sy eerste wedstryd die klub se jongste doelskieter ooit geword. Oor drie seisoene het hy 132 wedstryde vir die klub gespeel, die [[DFB-Pokal]] in 2020/21 gewen, en met sy vertonings in die 2022/23-seisoen Dortmund gehelp om as naaswenners in die [[Bundesliga]] te eindig. Hy is ook as die Bundesliga se Speler van die Seisoen aangewys. Later daardie jaar het hy albei die belangrikste individuele toekennings vir manlike sokkerspelers jonger as 21 jaar gewen: die Europese Golden Boy en die wêreldwye Kopa-trofee.<ref name="2023Kopa">{{cite news|url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/12016/12996778/jude-bellingham-england-and-real-madrid-midfielder-jude-bellingham-wins-2023-kopa-trophy|title=Jude Bellingham: England and Real Madrid midfielder Jude Bellingham wins 2023 Kopa Trophy|website=Sky Sports|date=31 October 2023|access-date=5 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105161148/https://www.skysports.com/football/news/12016/12996778/jude-bellingham-england-and-real-madrid-midfielder-jude-bellingham-wins-2023-kopa-trophy|archive-date=5 November 2023|url-status=live|quote=The Kopa Trophy is, however, awarded for his form last season, when Bellingham helped Borussia Dortmund to finish second in the Bundesliga and starred for England at the World Cup in Qatar.}}</ref><ref name="2023 GoldenBoy">{{cite news|title=Jude Bellingham wins prestigious 2023 Golden Boy Award|url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/story/_/id/38920093/jude-bellingham-wins-prestigious-2023-golden-boy-award|website=ESPN UK|date=17 November 2023|access-date=5 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231117174926/https://www.espn.co.uk/football/story/_/id/38920093/jude-bellingham-wins-prestigious-2023-golden-boy-award|archive-date=17 November 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> Daarna het hy vir 'n oordragfooi van €103 miljoen by [[Real Madrid]] aangesluit.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://en.as.com/soccer/the-add-ons-included-in-jude-bellinghams-move-from-borussia-dortmund-to-real-madrid-n/|title=The add-ons included in Jude Bellingham's move from Borussia Dortmund to Real Madrid|first=Mario|last=de la Riva|website=Diario AS|date=23 June 2023|access-date=22 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240414105251/https://en.as.com/soccer/the-add-ons-included-in-jude-bellinghams-move-from-borussia-dortmund-to-real-madrid-n/|archive-date=14 April 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> In sy eerste seisoen was Bellingham die klub se voorste doelskieter in [[La Liga]]. Hy het Real Madrid gehelp om die La Liga-titel en die [[UEFA Champions League]] te wen, en is as La Liga se Speler van die Seisoen aangewys. Hy is drie agtereenvolgende jare (2023, 2024 en 2025) in die FIFPRO Wêreld-11 ingesluit en het in 2024 derde geëindig in die [[Ballon d'Or]]-stemming en The Best FIFA Men's Player. Bellingham het Engeland op o/15-, o/16-, o/17- en o/21-vlak verteenwoordig. Hy het in November 2020 sy debuut vir die senior nasionale span gemaak en was deel van Engeland se groepe vir die [[UEFA Europa-beker|UEFA Europese Kampioenskap]] in 2020 en 2024, asook die [[Sokker-Wêreldbeker|FIFA Wêreldbekertoernooie]] in [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2022|2022]] en [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2022|2026]]. ==Verwysings== {{verwysings}}{{Portaalbalk|Sokker|Sport}} {{Normdata}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bellingham, Jude}} [[Kategorie:Geboortes in 2003]] [[Kategorie:Engelse sokkerspelers]] [[Kategorie:Lewende mense]] 5edwebtiyx4ns1bnlpfplchh0jvlb6j 2917065 2917064 2026-07-12T00:42:54Z Maximiliaan Ronaldszoon 194050 2917065 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Jude Bellingham | image = [[Lêer:25th Laureus World Sports Awards - Red Carpet - Jude Bellingham - 240422 190551-2 (cropped).jpg|260px]] | caption = Bellingham in 2024 | full_name = Jude Victor William Bellingham | birth_date = {{birth date and age|2003|6|29|df=y}} | birth_place = Stourbridge, [[Wes-Midlands]], [[Engeland]] | height = 1,86 m<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.realmadrid.com/en-US/football/first-team/players/jude-bellingham |title=Jude Bellingham |publisher=Real Madrid CF |access-date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223043115/https://www.realmadrid.com/en-US/football/first-team/players/jude-bellingham |archive-date=23 February 2024 |url-status=live }}</ref> | position = Middelveldspeler | currentclub = [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] | clubnumber = 5 | youthyears1 = 2009–2010 | youthclubs1 = Stourbridge Juniors | youthyears2 = 2010–2019 | youthclubs2 = [[:en:Birmingham City F.C. Reserves and Academy|Birmingham City]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bcfc.com/news/archive/bellingham-expresses-his-gratitude |title=Bellingham expresses his gratitude |publisher=Birmingham City F.C. |date=23 July 2020 |access-date=3 September 2022 |archive-date=11 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211030128/https://www.bcfc.com/news/articles/2020/bellingham-expresses-his-gratitude/ |url-status=live}}</ref> | years1 = 2019–2020 | clubs1 = [[Birmingham City FC|Birmingham City]] | caps1 = 41 | goals1 = 4 | years2 = 2020–2023 | clubs2 = [[Borussia Dortmund]] | caps2 = 92 | goals2 = 12 | years3 = 2023– | clubs3 = [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] | caps3 = 87<!--La Liga matches only--> | goals3 = 34<!--La Liga matches only--> | nationalyears1 = 2016–2018 | nationalteam1 = Engeland o/15 | nationalcaps1 = 8 | nationalgoals1 = 1 | nationalyears2 = 2018–2019 | nationalteam2 = [[:en:England national under-16 football team|Engeland o/16]] | nationalcaps2 = 11 | nationalgoals2 = 4 | nationalyears3 = 2019 | nationalteam3 = [[:en:England national under-17 football team|Engeland o/17]] | nationalcaps3 = 3 | nationalgoals3 = 2 | nationalyears4 = 2020 | nationalteam4 = [[:en:England national under-21 football team|Engeland o/21]] | nationalcaps4 = 4 | nationalgoals4 = 1 | nationalyears5 = 2020– | nationalteam5 = [[Engelse nasionale sokkerspan|Engeland]] | nationalcaps5 = 54 | nationalgoals5 = 12 | club-update = 23 Mei 2026 | nationalteam-update = 11 Julie 2026 }} '''Jude Bellingham''' (gebore [[29 Junie]] [[2003]]) is 'n [[Engeland|Engelse]] professionele [[Sokker|sokkerspeler]] wat tans as 'n middelveldspeler vir [[Real Madrid]] en die [[Engelse nasionale sokkerspan]] speel. Hy word as een van die beste spelers ter wêreld beskou en is bekend vir sy atletiese vermoë en sy uitstekende balveroweringsvermoë.<ref name="2024 Ballon d'Or">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2024/oct/28/rodri-and-bonmati-scoop-ballons-dor-as-real-madrid-boycott-big-awards-night|title=Rodri and Bonmatí scoop Ballons d'Or as Real Madrid boycott big awards night|first=Nick|last=Ames|newspaper=The Guardian|location=London|date=28 October 2024|access-date=13 March 2025|archive-date=13 February 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250213154943/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2024/oct/28/rodri-and-bonmati-scoop-ballons-dor-as-real-madrid-boycott-big-awards-night|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="FIFA The Best 2024">{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/en/the-best-fifa-football-awards/2024/articles/mens-player-2024-winner-vinicius-jr|title=Vinicius Jr named The Best Men's Player|date=16 December 2024|publisher=FIFA|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241217181603/https://www.fifa.com/en/the-best-fifa-football-awards/2024/articles/mens-player-2024-winner-vinicius-jr|archive-date=17 December 2024|access-date=13 March 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> Hy het hom by [[Birmingham City FC|Birmingham City]] aangesluit toe hy jonger as agt jaar oud was en het in Augustus 2019, op 16-jarige ouderdom, die klub se jongste speler ooit geword toe hy sy senior debuut gemaak het. Hy was 'n gereelde speler gedurende die 2019/20-seisoen. In Julie 2020 het hy by [[BV Borussia Dortmund|Borussia Dortmund]] aangesluit en tydens sy eerste wedstryd die klub se jongste doelskieter ooit geword. Oor drie seisoene het hy 132 wedstryde vir die klub gespeel, die [[DFB-Pokal]] in 2020/21 gewen, en met sy vertonings in die 2022/23-seisoen Dortmund gehelp om as naaswenners in die [[Bundesliga]] te eindig. Hy is ook as die Bundesliga se Speler van die Seisoen aangewys. Later daardie jaar het hy albei die belangrikste individuele toekennings vir manlike sokkerspelers jonger as 21 jaar gewen: die Europese Golden Boy en die wêreldwye Kopa-trofee.<ref name="2023Kopa">{{cite news|url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/12016/12996778/jude-bellingham-england-and-real-madrid-midfielder-jude-bellingham-wins-2023-kopa-trophy|title=Jude Bellingham: England and Real Madrid midfielder Jude Bellingham wins 2023 Kopa Trophy|website=Sky Sports|date=31 October 2023|access-date=5 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105161148/https://www.skysports.com/football/news/12016/12996778/jude-bellingham-england-and-real-madrid-midfielder-jude-bellingham-wins-2023-kopa-trophy|archive-date=5 November 2023|url-status=live|quote=The Kopa Trophy is, however, awarded for his form last season, when Bellingham helped Borussia Dortmund to finish second in the Bundesliga and starred for England at the World Cup in Qatar.}}</ref><ref name="2023 GoldenBoy">{{cite news|title=Jude Bellingham wins prestigious 2023 Golden Boy Award|url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/story/_/id/38920093/jude-bellingham-wins-prestigious-2023-golden-boy-award|website=ESPN UK|date=17 November 2023|access-date=5 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231117174926/https://www.espn.co.uk/football/story/_/id/38920093/jude-bellingham-wins-prestigious-2023-golden-boy-award|archive-date=17 November 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> Daarna het hy vir 'n oordragfooi van €103 miljoen by [[Real Madrid]] aangesluit.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://en.as.com/soccer/the-add-ons-included-in-jude-bellinghams-move-from-borussia-dortmund-to-real-madrid-n/|title=The add-ons included in Jude Bellingham's move from Borussia Dortmund to Real Madrid|first=Mario|last=de la Riva|website=Diario AS|date=23 June 2023|access-date=22 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240414105251/https://en.as.com/soccer/the-add-ons-included-in-jude-bellinghams-move-from-borussia-dortmund-to-real-madrid-n/|archive-date=14 April 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> In sy eerste seisoen was Bellingham die klub se voorste doelskieter in [[La Liga]]. Hy het Real Madrid gehelp om die La Liga-titel en die [[UEFA Champions League]] te wen, en is as La Liga se Speler van die Seisoen aangewys. Hy is drie agtereenvolgende jare (2023, 2024 en 2025) in die FIFPRO Wêreld-11 ingesluit en het in 2024 derde geëindig in die [[Ballon d'Or]]-stemming en The Best FIFA Men's Player. Bellingham het Engeland op o/15-, o/16-, o/17- en o/21-vlak verteenwoordig. Hy het in November 2020 sy debuut vir die senior nasionale span gemaak en was deel van Engeland se groepe vir die [[UEFA Europa-beker|UEFA Europese Kampioenskap]] in 2020 en 2024, asook die [[Sokker-Wêreldbeker|FIFA Wêreldbekertoernooie]] in [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2022|2022]] en [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2022|2026]]. ==Verwysings== {{verwysings}}{{Portaalbalk|Sokker|Sport}} {{Normdata}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bellingham, Jude}} [[Kategorie:Engelse sokkerspelers]] [[Kategorie:Geboortes in 2003]] [[Kategorie:Lewende mense]] jiqqaqye29v5ekagr0e7zxwlogujce4 0 458724 2917037 2911960 2026-07-11T19:49:21Z IvanScrooge98 78287 /* */ beeld 2917037 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Inligtingskas Ampsbekleër | naam = Mojtaba Chamenei | beeld = Portrait of Mojtaba Khamenei.jpg | beeldonderskrif = Mojtaba Chamenei in 2026 | orde = 3de Opperleier van die<br />Islamitiese Republiek van Iran | termynaanvang = [[8 Maart]] [[2026]] | termyneinde = | voorganger = [[Ali Chamenei]] | opvolger = | geboortedatum = | geboortejaar = 1969 | geboortemaand = 9 | geboortedag = 8 | geboorteplek = [[Masjhad]], [[Chorasan]], [[Iran]] | sterftedatum = | sterfteplek = | party = | orde2 = | termynaanvang2 = | termyneinde2 = | eersteminister2 = | voorganger2 = | opvolger2 = | orde3 = | termynaanvang3 = | termyneinde3 = | voorganger3 = | opvolger3 = | orde4 = | termynaanvang4 = | termyneinde4 = | voorganger4 = | opvolger4 = | eggenoot = Zahra Haddad-Adel (getroud 1999; oorlede 2026) | kinders = 3 | alma_mater = | religie = [[Sjia]] Islam | handtekening = Mojtaba Khamenei Signature.svg | militer = Militêre Diens | lojaliteit = {{vlagland|Iran}} | tak = [[Lêer:Flag of the Ground Forces of the Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution.svg|raamloos|20px]] Grondmagte (1987–1988)<br/>[[Lêer:Flag_of_Basij.svg|raamloos|20px]] [[Basij]] (2009–2026) | diensjare = | rang = | eenheid = | oorloe = [[Iran-Irakse Oorlog]]<br/>[[Aanvalle op Iran in 2026|Iran-oorlog]] | toekennings = }} '''Mojtaba Hosseini Chamenei''' ([[Persies]]: مجتبی حسینی خامنه‌ای; gebore [[8 September]] [[1969]]) is ’n [[Iran|Irannese]] politikus en [[Sjia]]-geestelike wat sedert 8 Maart 2026 die derde Opperleier van Iran is. Hy is ’n Lid van die Chamenei-familie en die tweede seun van die tweede opperleier, [[Ali Chamenei]], en hy het as sy vader se adjunk-hoof van personeel gedien terwyl dié opperleier was, en het hy toesig gehou oor toegang tot laasgenoemde se kantoor, asook oor alle politieke en veiligheidsaangeleenthede. Hy is in [[Masjhad]] gebore in die [[Azerbeidjanners|Azeri]]–Persiese Chamenei-familie en was nege jaar oud toe sy vader as ’n leidende figuur in die [[Irannese Rewolusie]] na vore getree het. Hy het vroeë onderwys in Sardasjt en Mahabad ontvang en het sy hoërskoolopleiding in [[Teheran]] voltooi; daarna het hy Islamitiese teologie onder leiding van sy vader en Mahmoud Hasjemi Sjahroudi bestudeer. Hy het in 1987 by die [[Islamitiese Revolusionêre Wagkorps]] (IRGC) aangesluit en in die [[Iran-Irakse Oorlog]] gedien. In 1999 het hy sy studies in [[Qom]] voortgesit om ’n geestelike te word, en het hy daarna by die Qom-seminarie as ’n dosent in teologie aangesluit. In 2009 het hy beheer oor die paramilitêre vrywilligersmilisie [[Basij]] oorgeneem. Na die sluipmoord op sy vader tydens die [[Aanvalle op Iran in 2026|in 'n bomaanval]] is Mojtaba deur Iran se Vergadering van Kenners as sy opvolger verkies. Hy is vroeër in 2019 deur die Amerikaanse Departement van die Tesourie gesanksioneer as deel van hul beleid om individue wat met Ali Chamenei verbind is, te sanksioneer.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Treasury Designates Supreme Leader of Iran's Inner Circle Responsible for Advancing Regime's Domestic and Foreign Oppression {{!}} U.S. Department of the Treasury |url=https://home.treasury.gov/index.php/news/press-releases/sm824 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191106094042/https://home.treasury.gov/index.php/news/press-releases/sm824 |archive-date=6 November 2019 |access-date=9 March 2026 |website=home.treasury.gov |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=5 March 2026 |title=Guards push fast Mojtaba Khamenei announcement amid dissent over hereditary rule |url=https://www.iranintl.com/en/202603052337 |access-date=9 March 2026 |website=www.iranintl.com |language=en}}</ref> Wat politieke ideologie en regsleer betref, word hy as een van die mees hardlyn van die Irannese beginselgesindes beskou, en hy het noue bande met sommige van die “mees ideologies ekstremistiese geestelikes”, volgens ’n verslag van die Atlantic Council.<ref name=":82">{{Cite web |last=Walker|first=Josephine|date=8 March 2026|title=Iran's next supreme leader: Khamenei's hardline son Mojtaba|url=https://www.axios.com/2026/03/08/mojtaba-khamenei-iran-supreme-leader|access-date=8 March 2026|website=Axios|language=en}}</ref> Ontleders meen oor die algemeen dat hy meer geneig is as sy vader om die ontwikkeling van ’n Irannese kernwapenprogram te steun, en ’n herinterpretasie van Ali Chamenei's [[fatwa]] teen [[kernwapen]]s te ondersteun.<ref name=":92">{{Cite web |title=What Kind of Supreme Leader Would Mojtaba Khamenei Be? |url=https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/what-kind-supreme-leader-would-mojtaba-khamenei-be |last1=Clawson |first1=Patrick |date=5 March 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260309001045/https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/what-kind-supreme-leader-would-mojtaba-khamenei-be |archive-date=9 March 2026|access-date=9 March 2026 |last2=Nadimi |first2=Farzin |publisher=The Washington Institute for Near East Policy |language=en}}</ref> ==Vroeë lewe en opleiding== [[File:The four sons of Ali Khamenei.jpg|thumb|Khamenei (tweede van links) saam met sy drie broers, van links na regs: Mostafa, Masoud en Meysam]] Mojtaba Hosseini Khamenei is op 8 September 1969 in [[Mashhad|Masjhad]] gebore as die tweede kind van [[Ali Khamenei]] en Mansoureh Khojasteh Bagherzadeh.<ref name="shadow">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/tehranbureau/2009/07/the-man-in-the-shadow-mojtaba-khamenei.html|title=The Man in the Shadow: Mojtaba Khamenei|website=PBS |access-date=5 September 2017|archive-date=9 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171109183057/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/tehranbureau/2009/07/the-man-in-the-shadow-mojtaba-khamenei.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=mehdi2012>{{cite web |last=Khalaji |first=Mehdi |title=Supreme Succession. Who Will Lead Post-Khamenei Iran? |url=http://www.metransparent.com/IMG/pdf/mehdi_khalaji_supreme_succession.pdf |work=The Washington Institute |location=Washington, DC |format=Policy Focus (No. 117) |date=February 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140416184302/http://www.metransparent.com/IMG/pdf/mehdi_khalaji_supreme_succession.pdf |archive-date=16 April 2014}}</ref> Sy vyf broers en susters is Mostafa, sy ouer broer, Masoud en Meysam, sy jonger broers, en Boshra en Hoda, sy jonger susters. Sy vaderlike oupa, Javad Khamenei, was ’n arm en lae-inkomste maar diep gerespekteerde Sjia-geestelike en geleerde.<ref>{{cite news |title=فوری/ آیت‌الله سید مجتبی خامنه‌ای رهبر ایران شد – تسنیم |url=https://www.tasnimnews.ir/fa/news/1404/12/18/3535299/%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%A2%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%AA%D8%A8%DB%8C-%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86%D9%87-%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A8%D8%B1-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%B4%D8%AF |work=خبرگزاری تسنیم {{!}} Tasnim |language=fa}}</ref> Khamenei is van Persiese afkoms, maar in ’n mindere mate ook [[Azerbeidjanners|Azeri]]-afkoms, met sy Azeri-wortels wat teruggevoer kan word na Chamaneh, ’n klein dorp in die provinsie Oos-Azerbeidjan waar sy van ontstaan het, en hy het ook verre wortels uit Tafresh.<ref>Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East – Facts on File, Incorporated, 2009, p. 79</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.worlddialogue.org/content.php?id=150 |title=Iran and the Caucasus – The Triumph of Pragmatism over Ideology – Centre for World Dialogue |website=worlddialogue.org |access-date=1 January 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927184152/http://www.worlddialogue.org/content.php?id=150 |archive-date=27 September 2013}}</ref> Sy familie herlei hul afstamming na Husayn ibn Ali, die seun van [[Ali]], die eerste Sjia-imam, en die kleinseun aan moederskant van die profeet [[Mohammed|Muhammed]]. Daarom is Chamenei se middelnaam Hosseini (gespel Husayni in [[Arabies]]; beteken “afstammeling van Husayn”).<ref>Institute of Contemporary History Studies of Iran</ref> Sy kinderjare het saamgeval met die tyd toe sy vader as ’n leidende revolusionêr teen die Irannese monargie van sjah [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]] na vore getree het.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unitedagainstnucleariran.com/mojtaba-khamenei-supreme-leaders-gatekeeper-guardian|title=Mojtaba Khamenei: The Supreme Leader's Gatekeeper & Guardian|website=UANI}}</ref> Gedurende daardie tyd het hy sewe jaar in die stede Sardasjt en Mahabad in noordwes-Iran deurgebring, waar hy sy vroeë opleiding ontvang het.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/who-is-mojtaba-khamenei-the-second-son-of-irans-supreme-leader-7046798 |title=Archived copy |access-date=3 March 2026 |archive-date=15 November 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251115041256/https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/who-is-mojtaba-khamenei-the-second-son-of-irans-supreme-leader-7046798 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://brieflynews.in/mojtaba-khamenei/|title=Mojtaba Khamenei: The Most Powerful Man You've Never Seen in Iran's Politics|first=Shaik|last=Mujeeb|date=2 March 2026}}</ref> Nadat hy aan die Alavi-hoërskool in [[Tehran]] gematrikuleer het,<ref name="auto3">[https://www.nytimes.com/2026/03/03/world/middleeast/mojtaba-khamenei-iran-successor-who.html Who Is Mojtaba Khamenei, a Son and Possible Successor of Iran's Supreme Leader?] nytimes.com</ref> het hy Islamitiese teologie bestudeer. Sy vroeë leermeesters het sy eie vader en Ajatolla Mahmoud Hashemi Shahroudi ingesluit.<ref name=shadow/> == Persoonlike lewe == Mojtaba gee [[teologie]]<nowiki/>onderrig by die Qom-seminarie. Hy het in 2004 met Zahra Haddad-Adel getrou. Hul eerste kind is in 2007 gebore. Volgens die Irannese regering in 2026 is sy vrou, sy ouers en een van sy seuns in die [[Aanvalle op Iran in 2026|VSA–Israeliese aanvalle]] gedood.<ref name="NYT">{{Cite news|last=Fassihi|first=Farnaz|date=3 March 2026|title=Ayatollah Ali Khamenei's Son Emerges as Leading Choice to Be His Successor|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2026/03/03/world/middleeast/iran-mojtaba-khamenei-successor.html|access-date=4 March 2026|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/daughter-grandchild-irans-khamenei-killed-us-israeli-strikes-state-media-says-2026-03-01/|title=Daughter and grandchild of Iran's Khamenei killed in US-Israeli strikes, state media says|date=28 February 2026|website=Reuters|access-date=9 March 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/2635219/middle-east|title=A son of Iran's late supreme leader is a possible candidate to replace his father as war rages|date=4 March 2026|website=Arab News|access-date=8 March 2026}}</ref> == Verwysings == {{Verwysings}} == Eksterne skakels == *{{Commonskat-inlyn|Mojtaba Khamenei}} {{Huidige regeringshoofde}} {{Normdata}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Chamenei, Mojtaba}} [[Kategorie:Irannese politici]] [[Kategorie:Diktators]] [[Kategorie:Geboortes in 1969]] [[Kategorie:Lewende mense]] gb629skxwxzpek2blxny9mo0ovujf39 0 459043 2917004 2916851 2026-07-11T14:10:34Z Aliwal2012 39067 Proeflees en taalversorging 2917004 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infoboks-Vliegtuig |naam= Douglas DC-6 |beeld= Lêer:Western Airlines DC-6.tif |byskrif= 'n Douglas DC-6B van Western Airlines, Okt. 1956 |tipe= Lugdiens- en vragvliegtuig |vervaardiger=[[Douglas Aircraft Company]] |ontwerper= |eerste vlug=15 Februarie 1946 |bekendstelling= Maart 1947 met [[American Airlines]] en [[United Airlines]] |vrygestel= |onttrek= |status= In beperkte gebruik |hoofgebruiker= [[Pan Am]] |meer gebruikers= |vervaardig= 1946–1958 |aantal gebou= 704 |programkoste= |eenheidskoste= |ontwikkel van= [[Douglas DC-4]] |variante met eie artikels= }} Die '''Douglas DC-6''' is 'n [[Skroef (lugvaart)|skroefaangedrewe]] passasiers- en vragvliegtuig wat van 1946 tot 1958 deur die [[Douglas Aircraft Company]] gebou is. Oorspronklik bedoel as 'n militêre vervoermiddel teen die einde van die [[Tweede Wêreldoorlog]], het Douglas dit ná die oorlog herontwerp om met die Lockheed Constellation in die langafstand- kommersiële vervoermark mee te ding. Douglas het meer as 700 gebou, en baie vlieg steeds in vrag-, militêre en veldbrandbeheerrolle. Die DC-6 was bekend as die C-118 Liftmaster in die [[Amerikaanse Lugmag]] en as die R6D in die [[Amerikaanse Vloot]] voor 1962, waarna alle Amerikaanse Vloot-variante ook as die C-118 aangewys is. Die lugrederye wat nie die Lockheed Constellation bestel het nie, het gevind dat die XC-112A, die militêre prototipe van die DC-6, goed in hulle behoefte aan ’n drukvaste lynvliegtuig kon voorsien. Gevolglik het [[American Airlines]] en [[United Air Lines]] die bal aan die rol gesit deur eerste die DC-6 te bestel.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=253 |language=en}}</ref> == Burgerlike variante van die DC-6 == Die DC-6 is in drie hoof- burgerlike weergawes, naamlik die DC-6, die DC-6A en die DC-6B, gebou.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=253, 254 |language=en}}</ref> === DC-6 === [[Lêer:ABA Aircraft SE-BDA in 1940's.jpg|duimnael|Douglas DC-6 SE-BDA in die laat-1940’s]] Die gewig van die DC-6 het volgens klante se spesifikasie gewissel, naamlik van 87,900 tot 98,800 kilogram en die brandstofvermoë het van ongeveer 12&nbsp;574 liter (in agt tenks) tot ongeveer 18&nbsp;671 liter (in tien tenks) gewissel. Die meeste DC-6’e het aanvanklik 50 sitplekke gehad (twee weerskante van die gang); daar was ook ’n driesitplekrusbank aan die agterkant van die passasierskajuit. Die sitplekke is later tot 68 en toe 86 verhoog (deur die vliegtuig met vyf sitplekke langs mekaar toe te rus en die afstand tussen die sitplekke te verminder). Sommige DC-6-vliegtuie is in vragweergawes omskep: hulle kajuittoebehore is verwyder en ’n versterkte kajuitvloer en ’n groot hoofdekvragdeur is geïnstalleer.<ref name=":0" /> === DC-6A === [[Lêer:327 Cameron Corps personnel at Kandahar - USACE-p15141coll5-15728.jpeg|duimnael|Die Douglas DC-6A met die registrasienommer YA-DAN van Ariana Afghan Airlines het die konstruksienommer 44259.]] Die DC-6A het kragtiger weergawes van die Double Wasp-enjins met water-metanolinspuiting gehad. Die romp van die DC-6A was langer en ruimer en die vliegtuig het ’n verhoogde maksimum massa, groter brandstofvermoë en beter werkverrigting as die DC-6 gehad. Die eerste weergawes van hierdie nuwe model is geoptimaliseer as ’n vragvliegtuig wat ’n versterkte kajuitvloer gehad het en twee vragdeure aan die linkerkant van die romp gehad het. Die afmetings van hierdie deure was 2,01 meter by ongeveer 3,2 meter; een was voor die vlerk en die ander een agter die vlerk. Daar was ook ’n hystoestel wat aan een van die vragdeure geheg kon word en aan boord die vliegtuig gestoor kon word wanneer dit nie in gebruik is nie. Voor die agterste vragdeur was daar ook ’n toegangsdeur vir passasiers. Die kajuitvensters van die meeste DC-6A’s was bedek met metaaldeksels wat verwyder kon word sodat die vragweergawe weer in ’n passasiersweergawe omskep kon word.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=254, 255 |language=en}}</ref> === DC-6B === [[Lêer:Dhahran 1952 DC6-B.jpg|duimnael|Douglas DC-6B met Double Wasp-enjins van 2400 perdekrag]] Die DC-6B het dieselfde afmetings as die DC-6A gehad, maar was vir die vervoer van passasiers geoptimaliseer en het dus nie die versterkte vloer en twee vragdeure van die vragvliegtuig gehad nie. Dieselfde reeks opsies as vir die DC-6A is aan klante gebied, naamlik Double Wasp-enjins met water-metanolinspuiting, brutomassa van tot 107&nbsp;000 kilogram en ’n brandstofvermoë van tot ongeveer 20&nbsp;866 liter. Die DC-6B het aanvanklik 52 sitplekke gehad en later 82 of selfs 102 vir huurvlugte. Baie DC-6B’s is, nadat hulle deur die hooflugvervoerders uit diens gestel is, in vragvliegtuie omskep deur die oorspronklike kajuitvloer met versterkte vloere te vervang. Sulke vliegtuie het ook óf een vragdeur (voor die vlerk) óf twee vragdeure aan die linkerkant van die romp gehad (hierdie vragdeure was voor en agter die vlerk). Twee DC-6B’s is ook omvattend deur die Ingenieursdepartement van Sabena gemodifiseer en toegerus met swaaisterte wat na regs geskarnier was (hulle konstruksienommers was 44434 en 45202). Die agterste deel van die romp en die stertoppervlakke is gemodifiseer. Een vliegtuig het na Spantax (44434, registrasienommer EC-BBK) in Spanje en die ander een het na Kar-Air O/Y (45202, registrasienommer OH-KDA) in Finland gegaan. Konstruksienommer 44434 is later N434TA geregistreer en deur Northern Air Cargo bedryf. Konstruksienommer 45202 is later N867TA geregistreer en ook deur Northern Air Cargo bedryf.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=255, 256 |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=Eastwood and Roach |first=Tony and John |title=Piston-Engined Airliner Production List |date=October 2002 |publisher=The Aviation Hobby Shop |year=2002 |isbn=0 907178 94 4 |location=West Drayton, Middlesex, England |pages=299, 306 |language=en}}</ref> <gallery mode="packed"> Lêer:DC-6 OH-KDA Kar-Air F121-21.jpg|Douglas DC-6B-swaaistert OH-KDA van Kar-Air Lêer:DC-6 N867TA Northern Air Cargo at ANC 1989, F294-08A-b.jpg|Douglas DC-6B-swaaistert N867TA van Northern Air Cargo </gallery> == Die verskillende militêre variante van die DC-6 == [[Lêer:Partial view of a C-118B Liftmaster aircraft of Fleet Logistics Support Squadron 46 (VR-46) and a P-3C Orion aircraft of Patrol Squadron 8 (VP-8) on the flight line during the silve - DPLA - 55a99a9035bbc2e650132e791fb75977.jpeg|duimnael|Die stertdeel van 'n Douglas C-118B van die VSA-vloot word gesien.]] Die VC-118 is vir President Truman van Amerika gebruik en het die konstruksienommer 42881, reeksnommer 46505 en die naam ''Independence'' gehad. Hierdie vliegtuig is van 4 Julie 1947 tot Mei 1953 vir die President gebruik en daarna is dit as BBP-transportvliegtuig deur die Military Air Transport Service gebruik.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=261, 262 |language=en}}</ref> Die Koreaanse Oorlog het daartoe aanleiding gegee dat die VSA se Departement van Verdediging ’n weergawe van die DC-6A as standaard- militêre transportvliegtuig vir sowel die USAF as die VSA-vloot aangeskaf het. Dit het bestaan uit 101 C-118A’s vir die USAF en 65 R6D-1’s vir die VSA-vloot (in September 1962 C-118B’s hernoem); 40 hiervan is na die USAF oorgeplaas). Die meeste van die C-118A’s en R6D-1’s was toegerus om 74 militêre passasiers in betreklik beskeie gemak of ongeveer 12245 kilogram se vrag te dra. Die kajuit van baie was egter ingerig om minder passasiers te vervoer in gerief wat min of meer dieselfde as dié van burgerlike lynvliegtuie was.<ref name=":1" /> Vyf-en-dertig van hierdie vliegtuie met weelderiger akkommodasie is as VC-118A’s deur die USAF benoem en vier as R6D-1Z’s vir die VSA-vloot (later VC-118B’s).<ref name=":1" /> C-118A’s wat vir mediese afvoer gemodifiseer is, was as MC-118A’s bekend en dié wat vir fotokartering gebruik is, is RC-118A’s genoem. Die MC-118A’s was toegerus vir 60 draagbare en hulle mediese versorgers. Twee ongewone modifikasies was die vliegtuie met die reeksnommers 53-3273 en 53-3283, wat as lugbevelsposte deur Temco in Texas gemodifiseer is. Nog ’n C-118A, die een met die reeksnommer 53-3245, het ’n EC-118A-toetsbed vir elektroniese toerusting geword.<ref name=":1" /><gallery mode="packed"> Lêer:Douglas C-118A Liftmaster (2911123364).jpg|Douglas C-118A Liftmaster van die USAF Lêer:Douglas R6D-1 MATS in flight in the 1950s.jpeg|Douglas R6D-1 van die VSA-vloot Lêer:C-118B Liftmaster of VR-52 at NAS Rota 1976.JPEG|Douglas C-118B van die VSA-vloot Lêer:Douglas VC-118B in flight colour.jpg|Douglas VC-118B van die VSA-vloot </gallery> == Enjins == [[Lêer:9qcgz 2003-05-04 FAGM P5045725 shd25 600x450.jpg|duimnael|Die Douglas DC-6 met die registrasienommer 9Q-CGZ word op 4 Mei 2003 by die Randse Lughawe gesien.]] Die verskillende variante van die DC-6 het Pratt & Whitney R-2800- of Double Wasp- radiale enjins met ’n opstygstukrag van 2100 of 2200 perdekrag tot 2400 perdekrag of 2500 perdekrag gehad. Die hoër stukrag is verkry deur water-metanolinspuiting by opstyging te gebruik.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=253, 256 |language=en}}</ref> == Getal vliegtuie geproduseer == Die produksiesyfer vir die DC-6 en sy variante was 704 eenhede. Al die variante van die DC-6 is by die Santa Monica-aanleg gebou. Die Douglas DC-6 is as die DC-6 (171), DC-6A (78), DC-6B (287), XC-112A (1), VC-118 (1), C-118A (101) en R6D-1 (65) gebou.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=308 |language=en}}</ref> == DC-6’e in diens van lugrederye == <gallery mode="packed"> Lêer:DC-6vhBPFlanding (4436510563).jpg|British Commonwealth Pacific Airlines DC-6 VH-BPF 28 Januarie 1952 Lêer:DC-6SPanagra1948 (4436794193).jpg|Panagra DC-6 NC8104H Oktober 1948 op Clover Field in Santa Monica Lêer:Douglas DC-6B Western Air Lines (5730865790).jpg|Western Air Lines DC-6B N91302 Januarie 1953 San Francisco </gallery> == Individuele DC-6-vliegtuie == AANTEKENINGE Waar ’n identiteitsnommer tussen hakies verskyn, beteken dit dat die bepaalde vliegtuig bestem was om daardie identiteit te hê, maar dat dit nie opgeneem is nie. Die inligting wat hierna volg, is verkry in die Piston-Engined Airliner Production List<ref>{{Cite book |last=Eastwood and Roach |first=Tony and John |title=Piston-Engined Airliner Production List|date=October 2002 |publisher=The Aviation Hobby Shop |year=2002 |isbn=0 907178 94 4 |location=West Drayton, Middlesex, England |pages=280, 284, 290, 291, 293, 301, 302, 306, 307 |language=en}}</ref> asook in die volgende uitgawes van die nuusbriewe van die Aviation Society of Africa: Januarie 1996, Mei 1996, Junie 1997, Julie 1997, Augustus 1997, September 1997 en Oktober 1997 en die African Air Review van Maart/April 1980, Mei/Junie 1980, Julie/Augustus 1980, September/Oktober 1981, Oktober/November/Desember 1985 en Januarie 1986. === Konstruksienommer 42881 === Die Douglas DC-6 met die konstruksienommer 42881 is as ’n C-118-DO gebou. Dit is op 1 Julie 1947 aan die USAAF afgelewer en is in ’n VC-118-DO omskep en die reeksnommer 46-0505 is aan die masjien toegeken. Die VC-118 is vir President Truman van Amerika gebruik en het die naam ''The Independence'' gehad. Hierdie vliegtuig is van 4 Julie 1947 tot Mei 1953 vir die President gebruik en daarna is dit as BBP-transportvliegtuig deur die Military Air Transport Service gebruik. As ''The Independence'' het die voorste gedeelte van die vliegtuig 24 sitplekke gehad wat in 12 beddens vir lede van die presidensiële personeel omskep kon word. Die agterste gedeelte van die kajuit was uitgerus as ’n presidensiële suite met ’n rusbank wat in ’n bed omskep kon word, ’n leunstoel en ’n konferensietafel. Nadat die vliegmasjien aan diens onttrek is, is dit aan die Smithsonian Institute geskenk. Tans word dit in die Nasionale Museum van die United States Air Force uitgestal.<gallery mode="packed"> Lêer:Photograph of President Truman's airplane, "The Independence," preparing to leave Washington to carry the President... - NARA - 200342.jpg|Die VC-118 van President Truman met die naam ''The Independence'' Lêer:View of the "Independence," the presidential airplane. President Truman and his party (distance view) are below... - NARA - 199692.jpg|''The Independence'' soos deur President Truman van Amerika gebruik Lêer:Douglas DC-6 VC-118-DO Liftmaster 'The Independence' (USAAF sn 46-0505, cn 42881) (5-22-2022).jpg|Die Truman VC-118 by die Nasionale Museum van die United States Air Force </gallery> === Konstruksienommer 43127 === Die Douglas DC-6 met die konstruksienommer 43127 het die identiteitsrekord (SE-BDI), VH-BPG, ZK-BGB, NZ3632, N254N, CF-PWP, N80MA, 9Q-CPL en EL-WNH (Julie 1997 op naam van Transair Cargo geregistreer). [[Lêer:Elwnh 1998-02-07 FALA 321 spot LR spot file 800x486.jpg|geen|duimnael|250x250px|Hier word die DC-6 met die konstruksienommer 43127 op 7 Februarie 1998 as EL-WNH by Lanseria gesien.]] === Konstruksienommer 43573 === Die vliegtuig met die konstruksienommer 43573 is op 18 Oktober 1952 as ’n C-118A met die reeksnommer 51-3826 aan die USAF afgelewer. Daarna het hy die volgende burgerlike registrasies gehad: N203G, N54G en 9Q-CGZ (Desember 1996/Januarie 1997 geregistreer). Uiteindelik is hierdie skroefvliegtuig aan diens onttrek en by die Randse Lughawe gestoor. <gallery mode="packed-hover"> Lêer:9qcgz 1997-07-00 FALA 068 resize.jpg|9Q-CGZ Julie 1997 Lanseria Lêer:9qcgz 2003-05-04 FAGM P5045479 shd50 600x450.jpg|9Q-CGZ 4 Mei 2003 Randse Lughawe </gallery> === Konstruksienommer 43681 === BuNo 131578 is op 27 Januarie 1953 as ’n R6D-1 aan die VSA-vloot afgelewer en is daarna in 1958 met die reeksnommer 51-17634 na die USAF oorgeplaas, maar is in 1964 as BuNo 131578 terug na die VSA-vloot. Die vlootbenoeming van die R6D-1’s was vanaf September 1962 C-118B. [[Lêer:C-118B (14207787683).jpg|geen|duimnael]] === Konstruksienommer 43740 === Die Douglas DC-6B met die konstruksienommer 43740 het die identiteitsrekord N8223H, F-OCYJ, OO-IFA, N799TA, 9J-AEP (in 1979 geregistreer) en N84AU (9J-AEP is in Oktober 1979 as N84AU uitgevoer). Die vliegtuig is op 18 Mei 1989 aan diens onttrek en in November 1990 by Lanseria opgebreek; die neusgedeelte het na die Suid-Afrikaanse Lugdiens-museumvereniging gegaan en is op ’n leningsgrondlag aan die SAL Tegnies-verfwerkswinkel gegee.<gallery mode="packed-hover"> Lêer:N84au 1981-05-10 FALA 102 resize.jpg|N84AU 10 Mei 1981 Lanseria Lêer:N84au 1991-01-26 FAJS 045 LR spot 800x486.jpg|Voordeel N84AU 26 Januarie 1991 </gallery> === Konstruksienommer 44635 === In die meegaande foto word die voordeel van die Douglas C-118 met die reeksnommer 53-3264 gesien. Hy het die konstruksienommer 44635 en is as ’n Douglas C-118A gebou en is op 13 April 1955 aan die USAF afgelewer. [[Lêer:C-118nosedtl (4437287074).jpg|geen|duimnael]] === Konstruksienommer 44639 === Die Douglas C-118 met die reeksnommer 53-3268 het die konstruksienommer 44639. Dit is as ’n Douglas C-118A gebou en is op 2 Mei 1955 aan die USAF afgelewer. [[Lêer:Douglas C-118A Liftmaster 53-3268 1705 ATG MATS.jpg|geen|duimnael]] === Konstruksienommer 44645 === Die Douglas C-118A met die konstruksienommer 44645 het die identiteitsrekord 53-3274, N50293, C-GKFF, TG-CGO, YV-501C, 9Q-CJP(2) (in 1996/1997 op naam van Transair Cargo geregistreer) en EL-WIL (in Julie/Augustus 1997 op naam van Transair Cargo geregistreer). Terwyl die masjien N50293 geregistreer was, is dit in ’n DC-6A omskep. Die vliegmasjien is as EL-WIL aan diens onttrek en gestoor.<gallery mode="packed-hover"> Lêer:9qcjp 1997-07-00 FALA 077 resize.jpg|9Q-CJP Julie 1997 Lanseria Lêer:Elwil 2003-12-30 FAGM 002 LRnuwe 600x450.jpg|EL-WIL 30 Des 2003 </gallery> === Konstruksienommer 44674 === Die C-118A met die reeksnommer 53-3303 het die konstruksienommer 44674 en is op 19 Desember 1955 aan die USAF afgelewer. Die vliegtuig word op 15 Julie 1967 gesien. Volgens die byskrif by die foto was dit die persoonlike transportvliegtuig van die Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR), wat op daardie tydstip Generaal Lyman L Lemnitzer was. [[Lêer:53-3303 C-118A USAF LPL 15JUL67 (5574943791).jpg|geen|duimnael]] === Konstruksienommer 45201 === Die Douglas DC-6B met die konstruksienommer 45201 het die identiteitsrekord  N576, SU-ANM, OY-STS, N515TS, ZS-MTE, 9Q-CMC(2) en 9Q-CJX(2) (in 1996/1997 op naam van Transair Cargo geregistreer). Terwyl die vliegtuig N515TS geregistreer was, is hy in Julie 1973 in ’n vragweergawe omskep.<gallery mode="packed-hover"> Lêer:Zsmte 1988-12-23 FAWB 330 dig dust LR 800x486.jpg|ZS-MTE 23 Desember 1988 Wonderboom Lêer:Zsmte 1992-01-04 FAWB 332 dig dust LR el 800x486.jpg|ZS-MTE 4 Januarie 1992 Wonderboom Lêer:9qcjx 2003-05-04 FAGM P5045717 crop 600x450.jpg|9Q-CJX 4 Mei 2003 Randse Lughawe </gallery> === Konstruksienommer 45319 === Die Douglas DC-6B met die konstruksienommer 45319 het die identiteitsrekord N578, SU-ANN, OY-STR, N515TR, N91BL, N34C en 9Q-CYO (in Desember 1996 geregistreer). Terwyl die masjien N515TR geregistreer was, is dit in Augustus 1973 in ’n vragvliegtuig omskep. [[Lêer:9qcyo 1997-07-11 FALA 084 resize.jpg|geen|duimnael|250x250px|Die Douglas DC-6B met die konstruksienommer 45319 word op 11 Julie 1997 as 9Q-CYO by Lanseria-lughawe gesien. Let op die dubbele vragdeur agter die vlerk.]] === Konstruksienommer 45329 === Die Douglas DC-6B met die konstruksienommer 45329 het die identiteitsrekord CF-CZV, SE-BDG, LN-SUT, OY-DRC, G-SIXB, 3D-ASA (in Mei 1980 op naam van Air Swaziland Beperk geregistreer), 3D-ASB (in 1981 op naam van Air Swaziland geregistreer) (deur Interocean Airways verkry, in November 1985 as onderdeelbron na Suid-Afrika gevlieg), N90300, C9-ASR, ZS-MUL, 9Q-CJE en ZS-XXX.<gallery mode="packed-hover"> Lêer:3dasa 1980-10-11 FALA 066 resize.jpg|3D-ASA 11 Oktober 1980 Lanseria Lêer:Zsmul 1992-01-04 FAWB 333 dust LR 800x486.jpg|ZS-MUL 4 Januarie 1992 Wonderboom </gallery> ==== Suid-Afrikaanse Lugdiens-museumvereniging ==== DC-6 ZS-XXX is vir ’n kort tydjie deur die Suid-Afrikaanse Lugdiens-museumvereniging besit. Die skroefvliegtuig is in 1998 verkry. Ná verskeie uitstappies na die Randse Lughawe om die vliegtuig te sien en daaraan te werk ten einde hom na Johannesburg Internasionale Lughawe te vlieg is ’n bemanning gevind om hom te vlieg. Die nodige vliegpermit is ook van die Burgerlugvaartowerheid van Suid-Afrika verkry. Vroeg op ’n somber Septemberoggend is die eerste stadium voltooi om die enjins te laat loop. Ná verskeie verwyderings en vervangings van vonkproppe van die nommerdrie-enjin het al vier Pratt & Whitney-enjins begin loop. Die vertrekdatum na Johannesburg Internasionale Lughawe (ICAO-kode FAJS) was 8 November 1998. Ná opstyging by die Randse Lughawe en ’n baie vinnige en lae verbyvlug was die nuwe vliegtuig by FAJS. Aangesien Swartkop die nuwe tuiste van die SAL-museumvereniging sou word, moes die DC-6 vir nog ’n vlug geneem word. Alles moontlik is gedoen om die vliegtuig respektabel te laat lyk, maar ’n aanbod is vir hom gedoen en hy het na nuwe eienaars gegaan. DC-6 ZS-XXX het vir die oorgrote deel van tien jaar agteruitgegaan. Hy het in 1998 by Swartkop aangekom en was vir die Suid-Afrikaanse Lugdiens-museumvereniging bestem. Die Vereniging het op daardie tydstip ’n loods by Swartkop beset en die SA Historiese Vlug het die Douglas DC-3 en DC-4’s vanaf Swartkop bedryf. Die Suid-Afrikaanse Lugmag het egter gedurende 2005 die area nodig gekry toe die nabygeleë Lugmagbasis Waterkloof se fasiliteite opgeknap moes word en al die eskaders terug na Swartkop moes verskuif. Die SA Historiese Vlug en die SAL-museumvereniging is gedwing om die perseel te ontruim. Die SAL-museumvereniging het voor die uitdaging te staan gekom om die DC-6 van Swartkop af te vlieg of hom per pad te verskuif. Albei opsies was egter te duur vir die SAL-museumvereniging en hulle het besluit om die vliegtuig te verkoop.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dc-6.co.za/45329.htm|title=With the SAA Museum Society|website=The Douglas DC-6 Association of South Africa Individual Aircraft History Construction number 45329|access-date=27 March 2026}}</ref> [[Lêer:DC-6 ZS-XXX (Now ZS-MUL) (12349319344).jpg|geen|duimnael|250x250px|Douglas DC-6B ZS-XXX word op 1 Julie 1999 by Swartkop gesien.]] ==== Nuwe eienaars ==== Peter Bauman, ’n entoesias, het op die ou end met die vliegtuig gesit. Toe hy egter te staan kom kom voor die stygende koste wat met die vliegtuig se lang verblyf by Swartkop verband hou, het hy besluit om die masjien aan die Suid-Afrikaanse Lugmag-museum aan te bied. Daardie museum het egter die aanbod van die hand gewys. Dit het gelyk asof die enige ander opsie was om weg te doen met die vliegtuig. Toe Witold Walus en Willie Muntingh, twee sakevennote en geesdriftige versamelaars, van die vliegtuig te hore kom, het hulle ’n aanbod gedoen om hom te koop. Die Lugmag wou die vliegtuig wegkry van Swartkop af, en Witold en Willie het ’n ambisieuse plan beraam om die vliegtuig van Swartkop af na hulle kleinhoewe noord van Pretoria te vlieg, waar hy as hekwag by die ingang van hulle sakeperseel sou pryk. Dit sou die konstruksie van ’n landingstrook oor verskeie aangrensende kleinhoewes behels om die vliegtuig se aankoms daar te akkommodeer. Die eerste tegniese inspeksie van die vliegtuig aan die eeinde van 2008 het professionele advies ingesluit dat die masjien eerder per pad verskuif moet word om onnodige koste te vermy. Die vliegtuig het vir tien jaar stilgestaan en sou aansienlike tegniese aandag benodig. Die opsie om hom per pad te verskuif sou egter beteken dat die hoofspar gesny moet word sodat die vlerke verwyder kan word. Volgens Witold sou dit die skroefvliegtuig nutteloos maak, wat die einde van die vliegtuig sou beteken. En so is daar besluit dat die vliegmasjien van Swartkop af gevlieg sou word. ’n Ervare DC-6-ingenieur, Mike Mayers, is gewerf en sy span het met die vervelige en onaangename werk begin om die vliegtuig so te herstel dat hy na die kleinhoewe gevlieg sou kon word. Baie uitdagings is die hoof gebied, en daar is steeds ’n paar wat oorbrug moet word, maar die geesdriftige Witold en Willie het by hulle besluit gebly om hierdie geskiedkundige vliegtuig te bewaar. Vir sy vlug na die kleinhoewe is die DC-6 ZS-MUL geregistreer en is op 4 Desember 2010 na sy nuwe tuiste gevlieg.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dc-6.co.za/45329.htm|title=EMPRESS OF SUVA – SAVED Suva’s Saviour|last=Steyn|first=Leon|date=11 October 2010|website=The Douglas DC-6 Association of South Africa Individual Aircraft History Construction number 45329|access-date=27 March 2026}}</ref> In die twee meegaande foto’s word die enjins van die vliegtuig op 20 Julie 2010 by Swartkop laat loop. <gallery mode="packed-hover"> Lêer:Zsxxx 2010-07-20 FASK DSC 4861 Jaws 600x399.jpg|ZS-XXX 20 Julie 2010 Swartkop Lêer:Zsxxx 2010-07-20 FASK DSC 4887 Jaws 600x399.jpg|ZS-XXX 20 Julie 2010 Swartkop </gallery> == Verwysings == {{verwysings}} {{Normdata}} [[Kategorie:Douglas-vliegtuie]] [[Kategorie:Passasiersvliegtuie]] [[Kategorie:Vragvliegtuie]] guj57wb5do3th74287weufe4k6kf1ju 2917006 2917004 2026-07-11T14:19:40Z Aliwal2012 39067 2 Swak gehalte foto's verwyder 2917006 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infoboks-Vliegtuig |naam= Douglas DC-6 |beeld= Lêer:Western Airlines DC-6.tif |byskrif= 'n Douglas DC-6B van Western Airlines, Okt. 1956 |tipe= Lugdiens- en vragvliegtuig |vervaardiger=[[Douglas Aircraft Company]] |ontwerper= |eerste vlug=15 Februarie 1946 |bekendstelling= Maart 1947 met [[American Airlines]] en [[United Airlines]] |vrygestel= |onttrek= |status= In beperkte gebruik |hoofgebruiker= [[Pan Am]] |meer gebruikers= |vervaardig= 1946–1958 |aantal gebou= 704 |programkoste= |eenheidskoste= |ontwikkel van= [[Douglas DC-4]] |variante met eie artikels= }} Die '''Douglas DC-6''' is 'n [[Skroef (lugvaart)|skroefaangedrewe]] passasiers- en vragvliegtuig wat van 1946 tot 1958 deur die [[Douglas Aircraft Company]] gebou is. Oorspronklik bedoel as 'n militêre vervoermiddel teen die einde van die [[Tweede Wêreldoorlog]], het Douglas dit ná die oorlog herontwerp om met die Lockheed Constellation in die langafstand- kommersiële vervoermark mee te ding. Douglas het meer as 700 gebou, en baie vlieg steeds in vrag-, militêre en veldbrandbeheerrolle. Die DC-6 was bekend as die C-118 Liftmaster in die [[Amerikaanse Lugmag]] en as die R6D in die [[Amerikaanse Vloot]] voor 1962, waarna alle Amerikaanse Vloot-variante ook as die C-118 aangewys is. Die lugrederye wat nie die Lockheed Constellation bestel het nie, het gevind dat die XC-112A, die militêre prototipe van die DC-6, goed in hulle behoefte aan ’n drukvaste lynvliegtuig kon voorsien. Gevolglik het [[American Airlines]] en [[United Airlines]] die bal aan die rol gesit deur eerste die DC-6 te bestel.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=253 |language=en}}</ref> == Burgerlike variante van die DC-6 == Die DC-6 is in drie hoof- burgerlike weergawes, naamlik die DC-6, die DC-6A en die DC-6B, gebou.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=253, 254 |language=en}}</ref> === DC-6 === [[Lêer:ABA Aircraft SE-BDA in 1940's.jpg|duimnael|Douglas DC-6 SE-BDA in die laat-1940’s]] Die gewig van die DC-6 het volgens klante se spesifikasie gewissel, naamlik van 87,900 tot 98,800 kilogram en die brandstofvermoë het van ongeveer 12&nbsp;574 liter (in agt tenks) tot ongeveer 18&nbsp;671 liter (in tien tenks) gewissel. Die meeste DC-6’e het aanvanklik 50 sitplekke gehad (twee weerskante van die gang); daar was ook ’n driesitplekrusbank aan die agterkant van die passasierskajuit. Die sitplekke is later tot 68 en toe 86 verhoog (deur die vliegtuig met vyf sitplekke langs mekaar toe te rus en die afstand tussen die sitplekke te verminder). Sommige DC-6-vliegtuie is in vragweergawes omskep: hulle kajuittoebehore is verwyder en ’n versterkte kajuitvloer en ’n groot hoofdekvragdeur is geïnstalleer.<ref name=":0" /> === DC-6A === [[Lêer:327 Cameron Corps personnel at Kandahar - USACE-p15141coll5-15728.jpeg|duimnael|Die Douglas DC-6A met die registrasienommer YA-DAN van Ariana Afghan Airlines het die konstruksienommer 44259.]] Die DC-6A het kragtiger weergawes van die Double Wasp-enjins met water-metanolinspuiting gehad. Die romp van die DC-6A was langer en ruimer en die vliegtuig het ’n verhoogde maksimum massa, groter brandstofvermoë en beter werkverrigting as die DC-6 gehad. Die eerste weergawes van hierdie nuwe model is geoptimaliseer as ’n vragvliegtuig wat ’n versterkte kajuitvloer gehad het en twee vragdeure aan die linkerkant van die romp gehad het. Die afmetings van hierdie deure was 2,01 meter by ongeveer 3,2 meter; een was voor die vlerk en die ander een agter die vlerk. Daar was ook ’n hystoestel wat aan een van die vragdeure geheg kon word en aan boord die vliegtuig gestoor kon word wanneer dit nie in gebruik is nie. Voor die agterste vragdeur was daar ook ’n toegangsdeur vir passasiers. Die kajuitvensters van die meeste DC-6A’s was bedek met metaaldeksels wat verwyder kon word sodat die vragweergawe weer in ’n passasiersweergawe omskep kon word.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=254, 255 |language=en}}</ref> === DC-6B === [[Lêer:Dhahran 1952 DC6-B.jpg|duimnael|Douglas DC-6B met Double Wasp-enjins van 2400 perdekrag]] Die DC-6B het dieselfde afmetings as die DC-6A gehad, maar was vir die vervoer van passasiers geoptimaliseer en het dus nie die versterkte vloer en twee vragdeure van die vragvliegtuig gehad nie. Dieselfde reeks opsies as vir die DC-6A is aan klante gebied, naamlik Double Wasp-enjins met water-metanolinspuiting, brutomassa van tot 107&nbsp;000 kilogram en ’n brandstofvermoë van tot ongeveer 20&nbsp;866 liter. Die DC-6B het aanvanklik 52 sitplekke gehad en later 82 of selfs 102 vir huurvlugte. Baie DC-6B’s is, nadat hulle deur die hooflugvervoerders uit diens gestel is, in vragvliegtuie omskep deur die oorspronklike kajuitvloer met versterkte vloere te vervang. Sulke vliegtuie het ook óf een vragdeur (voor die vlerk) óf twee vragdeure aan die linkerkant van die romp gehad (hierdie vragdeure was voor en agter die vlerk). Twee DC-6B’s is ook omvattend deur die Ingenieursdepartement van Sabena gemodifiseer en toegerus met swaaisterte wat na regs geskarnier was (hulle konstruksienommers was 44434 en 45202). Die agterste deel van die romp en die stertoppervlakke is gemodifiseer. Een vliegtuig het na Spantax (44434, registrasienommer EC-BBK) in Spanje en die ander een het na Kar-Air O/Y (45202, registrasienommer OH-KDA) in Finland gegaan. Konstruksienommer 44434 is later N434TA geregistreer en deur Northern Air Cargo bedryf. Konstruksienommer 45202 is later N867TA geregistreer en ook deur Northern Air Cargo bedryf.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=255, 256 |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=Eastwood and Roach |first=Tony and John |title=Piston-Engined Airliner Production List |date=October 2002 |publisher=The Aviation Hobby Shop |year=2002 |isbn=0 907178 94 4 |location=West Drayton, Middlesex, England |pages=299, 306 |language=en}}</ref> == Die verskillende militêre variante van die DC-6 == [[Lêer:Partial view of a C-118B Liftmaster aircraft of Fleet Logistics Support Squadron 46 (VR-46) and a P-3C Orion aircraft of Patrol Squadron 8 (VP-8) on the flight line during the silve - DPLA - 55a99a9035bbc2e650132e791fb75977.jpeg|duimnael|Die stertdeel van 'n Douglas C-118B van die VSA-vloot word gesien.]] Die VC-118 is vir President Truman van Amerika gebruik en het die konstruksienommer 42881, reeksnommer 46505 en die naam ''Independence'' gehad. Hierdie vliegtuig is van 4 Julie 1947 tot Mei 1953 vir die President gebruik en daarna is dit as BBP-transportvliegtuig deur die Military Air Transport Service gebruik.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=261, 262 |language=en}}</ref> Die Koreaanse Oorlog het daartoe aanleiding gegee dat die VSA se Departement van Verdediging ’n weergawe van die DC-6A as standaard- militêre transportvliegtuig vir sowel die USAF as die VSA-vloot aangeskaf het. Dit het bestaan uit 101 C-118A’s vir die USAF en 65 R6D-1’s vir die VSA-vloot (in September 1962 C-118B’s hernoem); 40 hiervan is na die USAF oorgeplaas). Die meeste van die C-118A’s en R6D-1’s was toegerus om 74 militêre passasiers in betreklik beskeie gemak of ongeveer 12245 kilogram se vrag te dra. Die kajuit van baie was egter ingerig om minder passasiers te vervoer in gerief wat min of meer dieselfde as dié van burgerlike lynvliegtuie was.<ref name=":1" /> Vyf-en-dertig van hierdie vliegtuie met weelderiger akkommodasie is as VC-118A’s deur die USAF benoem en vier as R6D-1Z’s vir die VSA-vloot (later VC-118B’s).<ref name=":1" /> C-118A’s wat vir mediese afvoer gemodifiseer is, was as MC-118A’s bekend en dié wat vir fotokartering gebruik is, is RC-118A’s genoem. Die MC-118A’s was toegerus vir 60 draagbare en hulle mediese versorgers. Twee ongewone modifikasies was die vliegtuie met die reeksnommers 53-3273 en 53-3283, wat as lugbevelsposte deur Temco in Texas gemodifiseer is. Nog ’n C-118A, die een met die reeksnommer 53-3245, het ’n EC-118A-toetsbed vir elektroniese toerusting geword.<ref name=":1" /><gallery mode="packed"> Lêer:Douglas C-118A Liftmaster (2911123364).jpg|Douglas C-118A Liftmaster van die USAF Lêer:Douglas R6D-1 MATS in flight in the 1950s.jpeg|Douglas R6D-1 van die VSA-vloot Lêer:C-118B Liftmaster of VR-52 at NAS Rota 1976.JPEG|Douglas C-118B van die VSA-vloot Lêer:Douglas VC-118B in flight colour.jpg|Douglas VC-118B van die VSA-vloot </gallery> == Enjins == [[Lêer:9qcgz 2003-05-04 FAGM P5045725 shd25 600x450.jpg|duimnael|Die Douglas DC-6 met die registrasienommer 9Q-CGZ word op 4 Mei 2003 by die Randse Lughawe gesien.]] Die verskillende variante van die DC-6 het Pratt & Whitney R-2800- of Double Wasp- radiale enjins met ’n opstygstukrag van 2100 of 2200 perdekrag tot 2400 perdekrag of 2500 perdekrag gehad. Die hoër stukrag is verkry deur water-metanolinspuiting by opstyging te gebruik.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=253, 256 |language=en}}</ref> == Getal vliegtuie geproduseer == Die produksiesyfer vir die DC-6 en sy variante was 704 eenhede. Al die variante van die DC-6 is by die Santa Monica-aanleg gebou. Die Douglas DC-6 is as die DC-6 (171), DC-6A (78), DC-6B (287), XC-112A (1), VC-118 (1), C-118A (101) en R6D-1 (65) gebou.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=308 |language=en}}</ref> == DC-6’e in diens van lugrederye == <gallery mode="packed"> Lêer:DC-6vhBPFlanding (4436510563).jpg|British Commonwealth Pacific Airlines DC-6 VH-BPF 28 Januarie 1952 Lêer:DC-6SPanagra1948 (4436794193).jpg|Panagra DC-6 NC8104H Oktober 1948 op Clover Field in Santa Monica Lêer:Douglas DC-6B Western Air Lines (5730865790).jpg|Western Air Lines DC-6B N91302 Januarie 1953 San Francisco </gallery> == Individuele DC-6-vliegtuie == AANTEKENINGE Waar ’n identiteitsnommer tussen hakies verskyn, beteken dit dat die bepaalde vliegtuig bestem was om daardie identiteit te hê, maar dat dit nie opgeneem is nie. Die inligting wat hierna volg, is verkry in die Piston-Engined Airliner Production List<ref>{{Cite book |last=Eastwood and Roach |first=Tony and John |title=Piston-Engined Airliner Production List|date=October 2002 |publisher=The Aviation Hobby Shop |year=2002 |isbn=0 907178 94 4 |location=West Drayton, Middlesex, England |pages=280, 284, 290, 291, 293, 301, 302, 306, 307 |language=en}}</ref> asook in die volgende uitgawes van die nuusbriewe van die Aviation Society of Africa: Januarie 1996, Mei 1996, Junie 1997, Julie 1997, Augustus 1997, September 1997 en Oktober 1997 en die African Air Review van Maart/April 1980, Mei/Junie 1980, Julie/Augustus 1980, September/Oktober 1981, Oktober/November/Desember 1985 en Januarie 1986. === Konstruksienommer 42881 === Die Douglas DC-6 met die konstruksienommer 42881 is as ’n C-118-DO gebou. Dit is op 1 Julie 1947 aan die USAAF afgelewer en is in ’n VC-118-DO omskep en die reeksnommer 46-0505 is aan die masjien toegeken. Die VC-118 is vir President Truman van Amerika gebruik en het die naam ''The Independence'' gehad. Hierdie vliegtuig is van 4 Julie 1947 tot Mei 1953 vir die President gebruik en daarna is dit as BBP-transportvliegtuig deur die Military Air Transport Service gebruik. As ''The Independence'' het die voorste gedeelte van die vliegtuig 24 sitplekke gehad wat in 12 beddens vir lede van die presidensiële personeel omskep kon word. Die agterste gedeelte van die kajuit was uitgerus as ’n presidensiële suite met ’n rusbank wat in ’n bed omskep kon word, ’n leunstoel en ’n konferensietafel. Nadat die vliegmasjien aan diens onttrek is, is dit aan die Smithsonian Institute geskenk. Tans word dit in die Nasionale Museum van die United States Air Force uitgestal.<gallery mode="packed"> Lêer:Photograph of President Truman's airplane, "The Independence," preparing to leave Washington to carry the President... - NARA - 200342.jpg|Die VC-118 van President Truman met die naam ''The Independence'' Lêer:View of the "Independence," the presidential airplane. President Truman and his party (distance view) are below... - NARA - 199692.jpg|''The Independence'' soos deur President Truman van Amerika gebruik Lêer:Douglas DC-6 VC-118-DO Liftmaster 'The Independence' (USAAF sn 46-0505, cn 42881) (5-22-2022).jpg|Die Truman VC-118 by die Nasionale Museum van die United States Air Force </gallery> === Konstruksienommer 43127 === Die Douglas DC-6 met die konstruksienommer 43127 het die identiteitsrekord (SE-BDI), VH-BPG, ZK-BGB, NZ3632, N254N, CF-PWP, N80MA, 9Q-CPL en EL-WNH (Julie 1997 op naam van Transair Cargo geregistreer). [[Lêer:Elwnh 1998-02-07 FALA 321 spot LR spot file 800x486.jpg|geen|duimnael|250x250px|Hier word die DC-6 met die konstruksienommer 43127 op 7 Februarie 1998 as EL-WNH by Lanseria gesien.]] === Konstruksienommer 43573 === Die vliegtuig met die konstruksienommer 43573 is op 18 Oktober 1952 as ’n C-118A met die reeksnommer 51-3826 aan die USAF afgelewer. Daarna het hy die volgende burgerlike registrasies gehad: N203G, N54G en 9Q-CGZ (Desember 1996/Januarie 1997 geregistreer). Uiteindelik is hierdie skroefvliegtuig aan diens onttrek en by die Randse Lughawe gestoor. <gallery mode="packed-hover"> Lêer:9qcgz 1997-07-00 FALA 068 resize.jpg|9Q-CGZ Julie 1997 Lanseria Lêer:9qcgz 2003-05-04 FAGM P5045479 shd50 600x450.jpg|9Q-CGZ 4 Mei 2003 Randse Lughawe </gallery> === Konstruksienommer 43681 === BuNo 131578 is op 27 Januarie 1953 as ’n R6D-1 aan die VSA-vloot afgelewer en is daarna in 1958 met die reeksnommer 51-17634 na die USAF oorgeplaas, maar is in 1964 as BuNo 131578 terug na die VSA-vloot. Die vlootbenoeming van die R6D-1’s was vanaf September 1962 C-118B. [[Lêer:C-118B (14207787683).jpg|geen|duimnael]] === Konstruksienommer 43740 === Die Douglas DC-6B met die konstruksienommer 43740 het die identiteitsrekord N8223H, F-OCYJ, OO-IFA, N799TA, 9J-AEP (in 1979 geregistreer) en N84AU (9J-AEP is in Oktober 1979 as N84AU uitgevoer). Die vliegtuig is op 18 Mei 1989 aan diens onttrek en in November 1990 by Lanseria opgebreek; die neusgedeelte het na die Suid-Afrikaanse Lugdiens-museumvereniging gegaan en is op ’n leningsgrondlag aan die SAL Tegnies-verfwerkswinkel gegee.<gallery mode="packed-hover"> Lêer:N84au 1981-05-10 FALA 102 resize.jpg|N84AU 10 Mei 1981 Lanseria Lêer:N84au 1991-01-26 FAJS 045 LR spot 800x486.jpg|Voordeel N84AU 26 Januarie 1991 </gallery> === Konstruksienommer 44635 === In die meegaande foto word die voordeel van die Douglas C-118 met die reeksnommer 53-3264 gesien. Hy het die konstruksienommer 44635 en is as ’n Douglas C-118A gebou en is op 13 April 1955 aan die USAF afgelewer. [[Lêer:C-118nosedtl (4437287074).jpg|geen|duimnael]] === Konstruksienommer 44639 === Die Douglas C-118 met die reeksnommer 53-3268 het die konstruksienommer 44639. Dit is as ’n Douglas C-118A gebou en is op 2 Mei 1955 aan die USAF afgelewer. [[Lêer:Douglas C-118A Liftmaster 53-3268 1705 ATG MATS.jpg|geen|duimnael]] === Konstruksienommer 44645 === Die Douglas C-118A met die konstruksienommer 44645 het die identiteitsrekord 53-3274, N50293, C-GKFF, TG-CGO, YV-501C, 9Q-CJP(2) (in 1996/1997 op naam van Transair Cargo geregistreer) en EL-WIL (in Julie/Augustus 1997 op naam van Transair Cargo geregistreer). Terwyl die masjien N50293 geregistreer was, is dit in ’n DC-6A omskep. Die vliegmasjien is as EL-WIL aan diens onttrek en gestoor.<gallery mode="packed-hover"> Lêer:9qcjp 1997-07-00 FALA 077 resize.jpg|9Q-CJP Julie 1997 Lanseria Lêer:Elwil 2003-12-30 FAGM 002 LRnuwe 600x450.jpg|EL-WIL 30 Des 2003 </gallery> === Konstruksienommer 44674 === Die C-118A met die reeksnommer 53-3303 het die konstruksienommer 44674 en is op 19 Desember 1955 aan die USAF afgelewer. Die vliegtuig word op 15 Julie 1967 gesien. Volgens die byskrif by die foto was dit die persoonlike transportvliegtuig van die Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR), wat op daardie tydstip Generaal Lyman L Lemnitzer was. [[Lêer:53-3303 C-118A USAF LPL 15JUL67 (5574943791).jpg|geen|duimnael]] === Konstruksienommer 45201 === Die Douglas DC-6B met die konstruksienommer 45201 het die identiteitsrekord  N576, SU-ANM, OY-STS, N515TS, ZS-MTE, 9Q-CMC(2) en 9Q-CJX(2) (in 1996/1997 op naam van Transair Cargo geregistreer). Terwyl die vliegtuig N515TS geregistreer was, is hy in Julie 1973 in ’n vragweergawe omskep.<gallery mode="packed-hover"> Lêer:Zsmte 1988-12-23 FAWB 330 dig dust LR 800x486.jpg|ZS-MTE 23 Desember 1988 Wonderboom Lêer:Zsmte 1992-01-04 FAWB 332 dig dust LR el 800x486.jpg|ZS-MTE 4 Januarie 1992 Wonderboom Lêer:9qcjx 2003-05-04 FAGM P5045717 crop 600x450.jpg|9Q-CJX 4 Mei 2003 Randse Lughawe </gallery> === Konstruksienommer 45319 === Die Douglas DC-6B met die konstruksienommer 45319 het die identiteitsrekord N578, SU-ANN, OY-STR, N515TR, N91BL, N34C en 9Q-CYO (in Desember 1996 geregistreer). Terwyl die masjien N515TR geregistreer was, is dit in Augustus 1973 in ’n vragvliegtuig omskep. [[Lêer:9qcyo 1997-07-11 FALA 084 resize.jpg|geen|duimnael|250x250px|Die Douglas DC-6B met die konstruksienommer 45319 word op 11 Julie 1997 as 9Q-CYO by Lanseria-lughawe gesien. Let op die dubbele vragdeur agter die vlerk.]] === Konstruksienommer 45329 === Die Douglas DC-6B met die konstruksienommer 45329 het die identiteitsrekord CF-CZV, SE-BDG, LN-SUT, OY-DRC, G-SIXB, 3D-ASA (in Mei 1980 op naam van Air Swaziland Beperk geregistreer), 3D-ASB (in 1981 op naam van Air Swaziland geregistreer) (deur Interocean Airways verkry, in November 1985 as onderdeelbron na Suid-Afrika gevlieg), N90300, C9-ASR, ZS-MUL, 9Q-CJE en ZS-XXX.<gallery mode="packed-hover"> Lêer:3dasa 1980-10-11 FALA 066 resize.jpg|3D-ASA 11 Oktober 1980 Lanseria Lêer:Zsmul 1992-01-04 FAWB 333 dust LR 800x486.jpg|ZS-MUL 4 Januarie 1992 Wonderboom </gallery> ==== Suid-Afrikaanse Lugdiens-museumvereniging ==== DC-6 ZS-XXX is vir ’n kort tydjie deur die Suid-Afrikaanse Lugdiens-museumvereniging besit. Die skroefvliegtuig is in 1998 verkry. Ná verskeie uitstappies na die Randse Lughawe om die vliegtuig te sien en daaraan te werk ten einde hom na Johannesburg Internasionale Lughawe te vlieg is ’n bemanning gevind om hom te vlieg. Die nodige vliegpermit is ook van die Burgerlugvaartowerheid van Suid-Afrika verkry. Vroeg op ’n somber Septemberoggend is die eerste stadium voltooi om die enjins te laat loop. Ná verskeie verwyderings en vervangings van vonkproppe van die nommerdrie-enjin het al vier Pratt & Whitney-enjins begin loop. Die vertrekdatum na Johannesburg Internasionale Lughawe (ICAO-kode FAJS) was 8 November 1998. Ná opstyging by die Randse Lughawe en ’n baie vinnige en lae verbyvlug was die nuwe vliegtuig by FAJS. Aangesien Swartkop die nuwe tuiste van die SAL-museumvereniging sou word, moes die DC-6 vir nog ’n vlug geneem word. Alles moontlik is gedoen om die vliegtuig respektabel te laat lyk, maar ’n aanbod is vir hom gedoen en hy het na nuwe eienaars gegaan. DC-6 ZS-XXX het vir die oorgrote deel van tien jaar agteruitgegaan. Hy het in 1998 by Swartkop aangekom en was vir die Suid-Afrikaanse Lugdiens-museumvereniging bestem. Die Vereniging het op daardie tydstip ’n loods by Swartkop beset en die SA Historiese Vlug het die Douglas DC-3 en DC-4’s vanaf Swartkop bedryf. Die Suid-Afrikaanse Lugmag het egter gedurende 2005 die area nodig gekry toe die nabygeleë Lugmagbasis Waterkloof se fasiliteite opgeknap moes word en al die eskaders terug na Swartkop moes verskuif. Die SA Historiese Vlug en die SAL-museumvereniging is gedwing om die perseel te ontruim. Die SAL-museumvereniging het voor die uitdaging te staan gekom om die DC-6 van Swartkop af te vlieg of hom per pad te verskuif. Albei opsies was egter te duur vir die SAL-museumvereniging en hulle het besluit om die vliegtuig te verkoop.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dc-6.co.za/45329.htm|title=With the SAA Museum Society|website=The Douglas DC-6 Association of South Africa Individual Aircraft History Construction number 45329|access-date=27 March 2026}}</ref> [[Lêer:DC-6 ZS-XXX (Now ZS-MUL) (12349319344).jpg|geen|duimnael|250x250px|Douglas DC-6B ZS-XXX word op 1 Julie 1999 by Swartkop gesien.]] ==== Nuwe eienaars ==== Peter Bauman, ’n entoesias, het op die ou end met die vliegtuig gesit. Toe hy egter te staan kom kom voor die stygende koste wat met die vliegtuig se lang verblyf by Swartkop verband hou, het hy besluit om die masjien aan die Suid-Afrikaanse Lugmag-museum aan te bied. Daardie museum het egter die aanbod van die hand gewys. Dit het gelyk asof die enige ander opsie was om weg te doen met die vliegtuig. Toe Witold Walus en Willie Muntingh, twee sakevennote en geesdriftige versamelaars, van die vliegtuig te hore kom, het hulle ’n aanbod gedoen om hom te koop. Die Lugmag wou die vliegtuig wegkry van Swartkop af, en Witold en Willie het ’n ambisieuse plan beraam om die vliegtuig van Swartkop af na hulle kleinhoewe noord van Pretoria te vlieg, waar hy as hekwag by die ingang van hulle sakeperseel sou pryk. Dit sou die konstruksie van ’n landingstrook oor verskeie aangrensende kleinhoewes behels om die vliegtuig se aankoms daar te akkommodeer. Die eerste tegniese inspeksie van die vliegtuig aan die eeinde van 2008 het professionele advies ingesluit dat die masjien eerder per pad verskuif moet word om onnodige koste te vermy. Die vliegtuig het vir tien jaar stilgestaan en sou aansienlike tegniese aandag benodig. Die opsie om hom per pad te verskuif sou egter beteken dat die hoofspar gesny moet word sodat die vlerke verwyder kan word. Volgens Witold sou dit die skroefvliegtuig nutteloos maak, wat die einde van die vliegtuig sou beteken. En so is daar besluit dat die vliegmasjien van Swartkop af gevlieg sou word. ’n Ervare DC-6-ingenieur, Mike Mayers, is gewerf en sy span het met die vervelige en onaangename werk begin om die vliegtuig so te herstel dat hy na die kleinhoewe gevlieg sou kon word. Baie uitdagings is die hoof gebied, en daar is steeds ’n paar wat oorbrug moet word, maar die geesdriftige Witold en Willie het by hulle besluit gebly om hierdie geskiedkundige vliegtuig te bewaar. Vir sy vlug na die kleinhoewe is die DC-6 ZS-MUL geregistreer en is op 4 Desember 2010 na sy nuwe tuiste gevlieg.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dc-6.co.za/45329.htm|title=EMPRESS OF SUVA – SAVED Suva’s Saviour|last=Steyn|first=Leon|date=11 October 2010|website=The Douglas DC-6 Association of South Africa Individual Aircraft History Construction number 45329|access-date=27 March 2026}}</ref> In die twee meegaande foto’s word die enjins van die vliegtuig op 20 Julie 2010 by Swartkop laat loop. <gallery mode="packed-hover"> Lêer:Zsxxx 2010-07-20 FASK DSC 4861 Jaws 600x399.jpg|ZS-XXX 20 Julie 2010 Swartkop Lêer:Zsxxx 2010-07-20 FASK DSC 4887 Jaws 600x399.jpg|ZS-XXX 20 Julie 2010 Swartkop </gallery> == Verwysings == {{verwysings}} {{Normdata}} [[Kategorie:Douglas-vliegtuie]] [[Kategorie:Passasiersvliegtuie]] [[Kategorie:Vragvliegtuie]] svi6aupsay7eshlhzt3m09gzqvluq3x 2917007 2917006 2026-07-11T14:22:22Z Aliwal2012 39067 /* Suid-Afrikaanse Lugdiens-museumvereniging */ 2917007 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infoboks-Vliegtuig |naam= Douglas DC-6 |beeld= Lêer:Western Airlines DC-6.tif |byskrif= 'n Douglas DC-6B van Western Airlines, Okt. 1956 |tipe= Lugdiens- en vragvliegtuig |vervaardiger=[[Douglas Aircraft Company]] |ontwerper= |eerste vlug=15 Februarie 1946 |bekendstelling= Maart 1947 met [[American Airlines]] en [[United Airlines]] |vrygestel= |onttrek= |status= In beperkte gebruik |hoofgebruiker= [[Pan Am]] |meer gebruikers= |vervaardig= 1946–1958 |aantal gebou= 704 |programkoste= |eenheidskoste= |ontwikkel van= [[Douglas DC-4]] |variante met eie artikels= }} Die '''Douglas DC-6''' is 'n [[Skroef (lugvaart)|skroefaangedrewe]] passasiers- en vragvliegtuig wat van 1946 tot 1958 deur die [[Douglas Aircraft Company]] gebou is. Oorspronklik bedoel as 'n militêre vervoermiddel teen die einde van die [[Tweede Wêreldoorlog]], het Douglas dit ná die oorlog herontwerp om met die Lockheed Constellation in die langafstand- kommersiële vervoermark mee te ding. Douglas het meer as 700 gebou, en baie vlieg steeds in vrag-, militêre en veldbrandbeheerrolle. Die DC-6 was bekend as die C-118 Liftmaster in die [[Amerikaanse Lugmag]] en as die R6D in die [[Amerikaanse Vloot]] voor 1962, waarna alle Amerikaanse Vloot-variante ook as die C-118 aangewys is. Die lugrederye wat nie die Lockheed Constellation bestel het nie, het gevind dat die XC-112A, die militêre prototipe van die DC-6, goed in hulle behoefte aan ’n drukvaste lynvliegtuig kon voorsien. Gevolglik het [[American Airlines]] en [[United Airlines]] die bal aan die rol gesit deur eerste die DC-6 te bestel.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=253 |language=en}}</ref> == Burgerlike variante van die DC-6 == Die DC-6 is in drie hoof- burgerlike weergawes, naamlik die DC-6, die DC-6A en die DC-6B, gebou.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=253, 254 |language=en}}</ref> === DC-6 === [[Lêer:ABA Aircraft SE-BDA in 1940's.jpg|duimnael|Douglas DC-6 SE-BDA in die laat-1940’s]] Die gewig van die DC-6 het volgens klante se spesifikasie gewissel, naamlik van 87,900 tot 98,800 kilogram en die brandstofvermoë het van ongeveer 12&nbsp;574 liter (in agt tenks) tot ongeveer 18&nbsp;671 liter (in tien tenks) gewissel. Die meeste DC-6’e het aanvanklik 50 sitplekke gehad (twee weerskante van die gang); daar was ook ’n driesitplekrusbank aan die agterkant van die passasierskajuit. Die sitplekke is later tot 68 en toe 86 verhoog (deur die vliegtuig met vyf sitplekke langs mekaar toe te rus en die afstand tussen die sitplekke te verminder). Sommige DC-6-vliegtuie is in vragweergawes omskep: hulle kajuittoebehore is verwyder en ’n versterkte kajuitvloer en ’n groot hoofdekvragdeur is geïnstalleer.<ref name=":0" /> === DC-6A === [[Lêer:327 Cameron Corps personnel at Kandahar - USACE-p15141coll5-15728.jpeg|duimnael|Die Douglas DC-6A met die registrasienommer YA-DAN van Ariana Afghan Airlines het die konstruksienommer 44259.]] Die DC-6A het kragtiger weergawes van die Double Wasp-enjins met water-metanolinspuiting gehad. Die romp van die DC-6A was langer en ruimer en die vliegtuig het ’n verhoogde maksimum massa, groter brandstofvermoë en beter werkverrigting as die DC-6 gehad. Die eerste weergawes van hierdie nuwe model is geoptimaliseer as ’n vragvliegtuig wat ’n versterkte kajuitvloer gehad het en twee vragdeure aan die linkerkant van die romp gehad het. Die afmetings van hierdie deure was 2,01 meter by ongeveer 3,2 meter; een was voor die vlerk en die ander een agter die vlerk. Daar was ook ’n hystoestel wat aan een van die vragdeure geheg kon word en aan boord die vliegtuig gestoor kon word wanneer dit nie in gebruik is nie. Voor die agterste vragdeur was daar ook ’n toegangsdeur vir passasiers. Die kajuitvensters van die meeste DC-6A’s was bedek met metaaldeksels wat verwyder kon word sodat die vragweergawe weer in ’n passasiersweergawe omskep kon word.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=254, 255 |language=en}}</ref> === DC-6B === [[Lêer:Dhahran 1952 DC6-B.jpg|duimnael|Douglas DC-6B met Double Wasp-enjins van 2400 perdekrag]] Die DC-6B het dieselfde afmetings as die DC-6A gehad, maar was vir die vervoer van passasiers geoptimaliseer en het dus nie die versterkte vloer en twee vragdeure van die vragvliegtuig gehad nie. Dieselfde reeks opsies as vir die DC-6A is aan klante gebied, naamlik Double Wasp-enjins met water-metanolinspuiting, brutomassa van tot 107&nbsp;000 kilogram en ’n brandstofvermoë van tot ongeveer 20&nbsp;866 liter. Die DC-6B het aanvanklik 52 sitplekke gehad en later 82 of selfs 102 vir huurvlugte. Baie DC-6B’s is, nadat hulle deur die hooflugvervoerders uit diens gestel is, in vragvliegtuie omskep deur die oorspronklike kajuitvloer met versterkte vloere te vervang. Sulke vliegtuie het ook óf een vragdeur (voor die vlerk) óf twee vragdeure aan die linkerkant van die romp gehad (hierdie vragdeure was voor en agter die vlerk). Twee DC-6B’s is ook omvattend deur die Ingenieursdepartement van Sabena gemodifiseer en toegerus met swaaisterte wat na regs geskarnier was (hulle konstruksienommers was 44434 en 45202). Die agterste deel van die romp en die stertoppervlakke is gemodifiseer. Een vliegtuig het na Spantax (44434, registrasienommer EC-BBK) in Spanje en die ander een het na Kar-Air O/Y (45202, registrasienommer OH-KDA) in Finland gegaan. Konstruksienommer 44434 is later N434TA geregistreer en deur Northern Air Cargo bedryf. Konstruksienommer 45202 is later N867TA geregistreer en ook deur Northern Air Cargo bedryf.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=255, 256 |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=Eastwood and Roach |first=Tony and John |title=Piston-Engined Airliner Production List |date=October 2002 |publisher=The Aviation Hobby Shop |year=2002 |isbn=0 907178 94 4 |location=West Drayton, Middlesex, England |pages=299, 306 |language=en}}</ref> == Die verskillende militêre variante van die DC-6 == [[Lêer:Partial view of a C-118B Liftmaster aircraft of Fleet Logistics Support Squadron 46 (VR-46) and a P-3C Orion aircraft of Patrol Squadron 8 (VP-8) on the flight line during the silve - DPLA - 55a99a9035bbc2e650132e791fb75977.jpeg|duimnael|Die stertdeel van 'n Douglas C-118B van die VSA-vloot word gesien.]] Die VC-118 is vir President Truman van Amerika gebruik en het die konstruksienommer 42881, reeksnommer 46505 en die naam ''Independence'' gehad. Hierdie vliegtuig is van 4 Julie 1947 tot Mei 1953 vir die President gebruik en daarna is dit as BBP-transportvliegtuig deur die Military Air Transport Service gebruik.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=261, 262 |language=en}}</ref> Die Koreaanse Oorlog het daartoe aanleiding gegee dat die VSA se Departement van Verdediging ’n weergawe van die DC-6A as standaard- militêre transportvliegtuig vir sowel die USAF as die VSA-vloot aangeskaf het. Dit het bestaan uit 101 C-118A’s vir die USAF en 65 R6D-1’s vir die VSA-vloot (in September 1962 C-118B’s hernoem); 40 hiervan is na die USAF oorgeplaas). Die meeste van die C-118A’s en R6D-1’s was toegerus om 74 militêre passasiers in betreklik beskeie gemak of ongeveer 12245 kilogram se vrag te dra. Die kajuit van baie was egter ingerig om minder passasiers te vervoer in gerief wat min of meer dieselfde as dié van burgerlike lynvliegtuie was.<ref name=":1" /> Vyf-en-dertig van hierdie vliegtuie met weelderiger akkommodasie is as VC-118A’s deur die USAF benoem en vier as R6D-1Z’s vir die VSA-vloot (later VC-118B’s).<ref name=":1" /> C-118A’s wat vir mediese afvoer gemodifiseer is, was as MC-118A’s bekend en dié wat vir fotokartering gebruik is, is RC-118A’s genoem. Die MC-118A’s was toegerus vir 60 draagbare en hulle mediese versorgers. Twee ongewone modifikasies was die vliegtuie met die reeksnommers 53-3273 en 53-3283, wat as lugbevelsposte deur Temco in Texas gemodifiseer is. Nog ’n C-118A, die een met die reeksnommer 53-3245, het ’n EC-118A-toetsbed vir elektroniese toerusting geword.<ref name=":1" /><gallery mode="packed"> Lêer:Douglas C-118A Liftmaster (2911123364).jpg|Douglas C-118A Liftmaster van die USAF Lêer:Douglas R6D-1 MATS in flight in the 1950s.jpeg|Douglas R6D-1 van die VSA-vloot Lêer:C-118B Liftmaster of VR-52 at NAS Rota 1976.JPEG|Douglas C-118B van die VSA-vloot Lêer:Douglas VC-118B in flight colour.jpg|Douglas VC-118B van die VSA-vloot </gallery> == Enjins == [[Lêer:9qcgz 2003-05-04 FAGM P5045725 shd25 600x450.jpg|duimnael|Die Douglas DC-6 met die registrasienommer 9Q-CGZ word op 4 Mei 2003 by die Randse Lughawe gesien.]] Die verskillende variante van die DC-6 het Pratt & Whitney R-2800- of Double Wasp- radiale enjins met ’n opstygstukrag van 2100 of 2200 perdekrag tot 2400 perdekrag of 2500 perdekrag gehad. Die hoër stukrag is verkry deur water-metanolinspuiting by opstyging te gebruik.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=253, 256 |language=en}}</ref> == Getal vliegtuie geproduseer == Die produksiesyfer vir die DC-6 en sy variante was 704 eenhede. Al die variante van die DC-6 is by die Santa Monica-aanleg gebou. Die Douglas DC-6 is as die DC-6 (171), DC-6A (78), DC-6B (287), XC-112A (1), VC-118 (1), C-118A (101) en R6D-1 (65) gebou.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=308 |language=en}}</ref> == DC-6’e in diens van lugrederye == <gallery mode="packed"> Lêer:DC-6vhBPFlanding (4436510563).jpg|British Commonwealth Pacific Airlines DC-6 VH-BPF 28 Januarie 1952 Lêer:DC-6SPanagra1948 (4436794193).jpg|Panagra DC-6 NC8104H Oktober 1948 op Clover Field in Santa Monica Lêer:Douglas DC-6B Western Air Lines (5730865790).jpg|Western Air Lines DC-6B N91302 Januarie 1953 San Francisco </gallery> == Individuele DC-6-vliegtuie == AANTEKENINGE Waar ’n identiteitsnommer tussen hakies verskyn, beteken dit dat die bepaalde vliegtuig bestem was om daardie identiteit te hê, maar dat dit nie opgeneem is nie. Die inligting wat hierna volg, is verkry in die Piston-Engined Airliner Production List<ref>{{Cite book |last=Eastwood and Roach |first=Tony and John |title=Piston-Engined Airliner Production List|date=October 2002 |publisher=The Aviation Hobby Shop |year=2002 |isbn=0 907178 94 4 |location=West Drayton, Middlesex, England |pages=280, 284, 290, 291, 293, 301, 302, 306, 307 |language=en}}</ref> asook in die volgende uitgawes van die nuusbriewe van die Aviation Society of Africa: Januarie 1996, Mei 1996, Junie 1997, Julie 1997, Augustus 1997, September 1997 en Oktober 1997 en die African Air Review van Maart/April 1980, Mei/Junie 1980, Julie/Augustus 1980, September/Oktober 1981, Oktober/November/Desember 1985 en Januarie 1986. === Konstruksienommer 42881 === Die Douglas DC-6 met die konstruksienommer 42881 is as ’n C-118-DO gebou. Dit is op 1 Julie 1947 aan die USAAF afgelewer en is in ’n VC-118-DO omskep en die reeksnommer 46-0505 is aan die masjien toegeken. Die VC-118 is vir President Truman van Amerika gebruik en het die naam ''The Independence'' gehad. Hierdie vliegtuig is van 4 Julie 1947 tot Mei 1953 vir die President gebruik en daarna is dit as BBP-transportvliegtuig deur die Military Air Transport Service gebruik. As ''The Independence'' het die voorste gedeelte van die vliegtuig 24 sitplekke gehad wat in 12 beddens vir lede van die presidensiële personeel omskep kon word. Die agterste gedeelte van die kajuit was uitgerus as ’n presidensiële suite met ’n rusbank wat in ’n bed omskep kon word, ’n leunstoel en ’n konferensietafel. Nadat die vliegmasjien aan diens onttrek is, is dit aan die Smithsonian Institute geskenk. Tans word dit in die Nasionale Museum van die United States Air Force uitgestal.<gallery mode="packed"> Lêer:Photograph of President Truman's airplane, "The Independence," preparing to leave Washington to carry the President... - NARA - 200342.jpg|Die VC-118 van President Truman met die naam ''The Independence'' Lêer:View of the "Independence," the presidential airplane. President Truman and his party (distance view) are below... - NARA - 199692.jpg|''The Independence'' soos deur President Truman van Amerika gebruik Lêer:Douglas DC-6 VC-118-DO Liftmaster 'The Independence' (USAAF sn 46-0505, cn 42881) (5-22-2022).jpg|Die Truman VC-118 by die Nasionale Museum van die United States Air Force </gallery> === Konstruksienommer 43127 === Die Douglas DC-6 met die konstruksienommer 43127 het die identiteitsrekord (SE-BDI), VH-BPG, ZK-BGB, NZ3632, N254N, CF-PWP, N80MA, 9Q-CPL en EL-WNH (Julie 1997 op naam van Transair Cargo geregistreer). [[Lêer:Elwnh 1998-02-07 FALA 321 spot LR spot file 800x486.jpg|geen|duimnael|250x250px|Hier word die DC-6 met die konstruksienommer 43127 op 7 Februarie 1998 as EL-WNH by Lanseria gesien.]] === Konstruksienommer 43573 === Die vliegtuig met die konstruksienommer 43573 is op 18 Oktober 1952 as ’n C-118A met die reeksnommer 51-3826 aan die USAF afgelewer. Daarna het hy die volgende burgerlike registrasies gehad: N203G, N54G en 9Q-CGZ (Desember 1996/Januarie 1997 geregistreer). Uiteindelik is hierdie skroefvliegtuig aan diens onttrek en by die Randse Lughawe gestoor. <gallery mode="packed-hover"> Lêer:9qcgz 1997-07-00 FALA 068 resize.jpg|9Q-CGZ Julie 1997 Lanseria Lêer:9qcgz 2003-05-04 FAGM P5045479 shd50 600x450.jpg|9Q-CGZ 4 Mei 2003 Randse Lughawe </gallery> === Konstruksienommer 43681 === BuNo 131578 is op 27 Januarie 1953 as ’n R6D-1 aan die VSA-vloot afgelewer en is daarna in 1958 met die reeksnommer 51-17634 na die USAF oorgeplaas, maar is in 1964 as BuNo 131578 terug na die VSA-vloot. Die vlootbenoeming van die R6D-1’s was vanaf September 1962 C-118B. [[Lêer:C-118B (14207787683).jpg|geen|duimnael]] === Konstruksienommer 43740 === Die Douglas DC-6B met die konstruksienommer 43740 het die identiteitsrekord N8223H, F-OCYJ, OO-IFA, N799TA, 9J-AEP (in 1979 geregistreer) en N84AU (9J-AEP is in Oktober 1979 as N84AU uitgevoer). Die vliegtuig is op 18 Mei 1989 aan diens onttrek en in November 1990 by Lanseria opgebreek; die neusgedeelte het na die Suid-Afrikaanse Lugdiens-museumvereniging gegaan en is op ’n leningsgrondlag aan die SAL Tegnies-verfwerkswinkel gegee.<gallery mode="packed-hover"> Lêer:N84au 1981-05-10 FALA 102 resize.jpg|N84AU 10 Mei 1981 Lanseria Lêer:N84au 1991-01-26 FAJS 045 LR spot 800x486.jpg|Voordeel N84AU 26 Januarie 1991 </gallery> === Konstruksienommer 44635 === In die meegaande foto word die voordeel van die Douglas C-118 met die reeksnommer 53-3264 gesien. Hy het die konstruksienommer 44635 en is as ’n Douglas C-118A gebou en is op 13 April 1955 aan die USAF afgelewer. [[Lêer:C-118nosedtl (4437287074).jpg|geen|duimnael]] === Konstruksienommer 44639 === Die Douglas C-118 met die reeksnommer 53-3268 het die konstruksienommer 44639. Dit is as ’n Douglas C-118A gebou en is op 2 Mei 1955 aan die USAF afgelewer. [[Lêer:Douglas C-118A Liftmaster 53-3268 1705 ATG MATS.jpg|geen|duimnael]] === Konstruksienommer 44645 === Die Douglas C-118A met die konstruksienommer 44645 het die identiteitsrekord 53-3274, N50293, C-GKFF, TG-CGO, YV-501C, 9Q-CJP(2) (in 1996/1997 op naam van Transair Cargo geregistreer) en EL-WIL (in Julie/Augustus 1997 op naam van Transair Cargo geregistreer). Terwyl die masjien N50293 geregistreer was, is dit in ’n DC-6A omskep. Die vliegmasjien is as EL-WIL aan diens onttrek en gestoor.<gallery mode="packed-hover"> Lêer:9qcjp 1997-07-00 FALA 077 resize.jpg|9Q-CJP Julie 1997 Lanseria Lêer:Elwil 2003-12-30 FAGM 002 LRnuwe 600x450.jpg|EL-WIL 30 Des 2003 </gallery> === Konstruksienommer 44674 === Die C-118A met die reeksnommer 53-3303 het die konstruksienommer 44674 en is op 19 Desember 1955 aan die USAF afgelewer. Die vliegtuig word op 15 Julie 1967 gesien. Volgens die byskrif by die foto was dit die persoonlike transportvliegtuig van die Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR), wat op daardie tydstip Generaal Lyman L Lemnitzer was. [[Lêer:53-3303 C-118A USAF LPL 15JUL67 (5574943791).jpg|geen|duimnael]] === Konstruksienommer 45201 === Die Douglas DC-6B met die konstruksienommer 45201 het die identiteitsrekord  N576, SU-ANM, OY-STS, N515TS, ZS-MTE, 9Q-CMC(2) en 9Q-CJX(2) (in 1996/1997 op naam van Transair Cargo geregistreer). Terwyl die vliegtuig N515TS geregistreer was, is hy in Julie 1973 in ’n vragweergawe omskep.<gallery mode="packed-hover"> Lêer:Zsmte 1988-12-23 FAWB 330 dig dust LR 800x486.jpg|ZS-MTE 23 Desember 1988 Wonderboom Lêer:Zsmte 1992-01-04 FAWB 332 dig dust LR el 800x486.jpg|ZS-MTE 4 Januarie 1992 Wonderboom Lêer:9qcjx 2003-05-04 FAGM P5045717 crop 600x450.jpg|9Q-CJX 4 Mei 2003 Randse Lughawe </gallery> === Konstruksienommer 45319 === Die Douglas DC-6B met die konstruksienommer 45319 het die identiteitsrekord N578, SU-ANN, OY-STR, N515TR, N91BL, N34C en 9Q-CYO (in Desember 1996 geregistreer). Terwyl die masjien N515TR geregistreer was, is dit in Augustus 1973 in ’n vragvliegtuig omskep. [[Lêer:9qcyo 1997-07-11 FALA 084 resize.jpg|geen|duimnael|250x250px|Die Douglas DC-6B met die konstruksienommer 45319 word op 11 Julie 1997 as 9Q-CYO by Lanseria-lughawe gesien. Let op die dubbele vragdeur agter die vlerk.]] === Konstruksienommer 45329 === Die Douglas DC-6B met die konstruksienommer 45329 het die identiteitsrekord CF-CZV, SE-BDG, LN-SUT, OY-DRC, G-SIXB, 3D-ASA (in Mei 1980 op naam van Air Swaziland Beperk geregistreer), 3D-ASB (in 1981 op naam van Air Swaziland geregistreer) (deur Interocean Airways verkry, in November 1985 as onderdeelbron na Suid-Afrika gevlieg), N90300, C9-ASR, ZS-MUL, 9Q-CJE en ZS-XXX.<gallery mode="packed-hover"> Lêer:3dasa 1980-10-11 FALA 066 resize.jpg|3D-ASA 11 Oktober 1980 Lanseria Lêer:Zsmul 1992-01-04 FAWB 333 dust LR 800x486.jpg|ZS-MUL 4 Januarie 1992 Wonderboom </gallery> ==== Suid-Afrikaanse Lugdiens-museumvereniging ==== DC-6 ZS-XXX is vir ’n kort tydjie deur die Suid-Afrikaanse Lugdiens-museumvereniging besit. Die skroefvliegtuig is in 1998 verkry. Ná verskeie uitstappies na die Randse Lughawe om die vliegtuig te sien en daaraan te werk ten einde hom na Johannesburg Internasionale Lughawe te vlieg is ’n bemanning gevind om hom te vlieg. Die nodige vliegpermit is ook van die Burgerlugvaartowerheid van Suid-Afrika verkry. Vroeg op ’n somber Septemberoggend is die eerste stadium voltooi om die enjins te laat loop. Ná verskeie verwyderings en vervangings van vonkproppe van die nommerdrie-enjin het al vier Pratt & Whitney-enjins begin loop. Die vertrekdatum na Johannesburg Internasionale Lughawe (ICAO-kode FAJS) was 8 November 1998. Ná opstyging by die Randse Lughawe en ’n baie vinnige en lae verbyvlug was die nuwe vliegtuig by FAJS. Aangesien Swartkop die nuwe tuiste van die SAL-museumvereniging sou word, moes die DC-6 vir nog ’n vlug geneem word. Alles moontlik is gedoen om die vliegtuig respektabel te laat lyk, maar ’n aanbod is vir hom gedoen en hy het na nuwe eienaars gegaan. DC-6 ZS-XXX het vir die oorgrote deel van tien jaar agteruitgegaan. Hy het in 1998 by Swartkop aangekom en was vir die Suid-Afrikaanse Lugdiens-museumvereniging bestem. Die Vereniging het op daardie tydstip ’n loods by Swartkop beset en die SA Historiese Vlug het die Douglas DC-3 en DC-4’s vanaf Swartkop bedryf. Die Suid-Afrikaanse Lugmag het egter gedurende 2005 die area nodig gekry toe die nabygeleë Lugmagbasis Waterkloof se fasiliteite opgeknap moes word en al die eskaders terug na Swartkop moes verskuif. Die SA Historiese Vlug en die SAL-museumvereniging is gedwing om die perseel te ontruim. Die SAL-museumvereniging het voor die uitdaging te staan gekom om die DC-6 van Swartkop af te vlieg of hom per pad te verskuif. Albei opsies was egter te duur vir die SAL-museumvereniging en hulle het besluit om die vliegtuig te verkoop.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dc-6.co.za/45329.htm|title=With the SAA Museum Society|website=The Douglas DC-6 Association of South Africa: Individual Aircraft History Construction number 45329|access-date=27 March 2026}}</ref> [[Lêer:DC-6 ZS-XXX (Now ZS-MUL) (12349319344).jpg|geen|duimnael|250x250px|Douglas DC-6B ZS-XXX op 1 Julie 1999 te Swartkop.]] ==== Nuwe eienaars ==== Peter Bauman, ’n entoesias, het op die ou end met die vliegtuig gesit. Toe hy egter te staan kom kom voor die stygende koste wat met die vliegtuig se lang verblyf by Swartkop verband hou, het hy besluit om die masjien aan die Suid-Afrikaanse Lugmag-museum aan te bied. Daardie museum het egter die aanbod van die hand gewys. Dit het gelyk asof die enige ander opsie was om weg te doen met die vliegtuig. Toe Witold Walus en Willie Muntingh, twee sakevennote en geesdriftige versamelaars, van die vliegtuig te hore kom, het hulle ’n aanbod gedoen om hom te koop. Die Lugmag wou die vliegtuig wegkry van Swartkop af, en Witold en Willie het ’n ambisieuse plan beraam om die vliegtuig van Swartkop af na hulle kleinhoewe noord van Pretoria te vlieg, waar hy as hekwag by die ingang van hulle sakeperseel sou pryk. Dit sou die konstruksie van ’n landingstrook oor verskeie aangrensende kleinhoewes behels om die vliegtuig se aankoms daar te akkommodeer. Die eerste tegniese inspeksie van die vliegtuig aan die eeinde van 2008 het professionele advies ingesluit dat die masjien eerder per pad verskuif moet word om onnodige koste te vermy. Die vliegtuig het vir tien jaar stilgestaan en sou aansienlike tegniese aandag benodig. Die opsie om hom per pad te verskuif sou egter beteken dat die hoofspar gesny moet word sodat die vlerke verwyder kan word. Volgens Witold sou dit die skroefvliegtuig nutteloos maak, wat die einde van die vliegtuig sou beteken. En so is daar besluit dat die vliegmasjien van Swartkop af gevlieg sou word. ’n Ervare DC-6-ingenieur, Mike Mayers, is gewerf en sy span het met die vervelige en onaangename werk begin om die vliegtuig so te herstel dat hy na die kleinhoewe gevlieg sou kon word. Baie uitdagings is die hoof gebied, en daar is steeds ’n paar wat oorbrug moet word, maar die geesdriftige Witold en Willie het by hulle besluit gebly om hierdie geskiedkundige vliegtuig te bewaar. Vir sy vlug na die kleinhoewe is die DC-6 ZS-MUL geregistreer en is op 4 Desember 2010 na sy nuwe tuiste gevlieg.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dc-6.co.za/45329.htm|title=EMPRESS OF SUVA – SAVED Suva’s Saviour|last=Steyn|first=Leon|date=11 October 2010|website=The Douglas DC-6 Association of South Africa Individual Aircraft History Construction number 45329|access-date=27 March 2026}}</ref> In die twee meegaande foto’s word die enjins van die vliegtuig op 20 Julie 2010 by Swartkop laat loop. <gallery mode="packed-hover"> Lêer:Zsxxx 2010-07-20 FASK DSC 4861 Jaws 600x399.jpg|ZS-XXX 20 Julie 2010 Swartkop Lêer:Zsxxx 2010-07-20 FASK DSC 4887 Jaws 600x399.jpg|ZS-XXX 20 Julie 2010 Swartkop </gallery> == Verwysings == {{verwysings}} {{Normdata}} [[Kategorie:Douglas-vliegtuie]] [[Kategorie:Passasiersvliegtuie]] [[Kategorie:Vragvliegtuie]] kvpc3urt6s8ob5wc3qjbp4xv59simjy 2917009 2917007 2026-07-11T14:29:45Z Aliwal2012 39067 2917009 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infoboks-Vliegtuig |naam= Douglas DC-6 |beeld= Lêer:Western Airlines DC-6.tif |byskrif= 'n Douglas DC-6B van Western Airlines, Okt. 1956 |tipe= Lugdiens- en vragvliegtuig |vervaardiger=[[Douglas Aircraft Company]] |ontwerper= |eerste vlug=15 Februarie 1946 |bekendstelling= Maart 1947 met [[American Airlines]] en [[United Airlines]] |vrygestel= |onttrek= |status= In beperkte gebruik |hoofgebruiker= [[Pan Am]] |meer gebruikers= |vervaardig= 1946–1958 |aantal gebou= 704 |programkoste= |eenheidskoste= |ontwikkel van= [[Douglas DC-4]] |variante met eie artikels= }} Die '''Douglas DC-6''' is 'n [[Skroef (lugvaart)|skroefaangedrewe]] passasiers- en vragvliegtuig wat van 1946 tot 1958 deur die [[Douglas Aircraft Company]] gebou is. Oorspronklik bedoel as 'n militêre vervoermiddel teen die einde van die [[Tweede Wêreldoorlog]], het Douglas dit ná die oorlog herontwerp om met die Lockheed Constellation in die langafstand- kommersiële vervoermark mee te ding. Douglas het meer as 700 gebou, en baie vlieg steeds in vrag-, militêre en veldbrandbeheerrolle. Die DC-6 was bekend as die C-118 Liftmaster in die [[Amerikaanse Lugmag]] en as die R6D in die [[Amerikaanse Vloot]] voor 1962, waarna alle Amerikaanse Vloot-variante ook as die C-118 aangewys is. Die lugrederye wat nie die Lockheed Constellation bestel het nie, het gevind dat die XC-112A, die militêre prototipe van die DC-6, goed in hulle behoefte aan ’n drukvaste lynvliegtuig kon voorsien. Gevolglik het [[American Airlines]] en [[United Airlines]] die bal aan die rol gesit deur eerste die DC-6 te bestel.<ref name="fran">{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=253-260 |language=en}}</ref> == Burgerlike variante van die DC-6 == Die DC-6 is in drie hoof- burgerlike weergawes, naamlik die DC-6, die DC-6A en die DC-6B, gebou.<ref name="fran"/> === DC-6 === [[Lêer:ABA Aircraft SE-BDA in 1940's.jpg|duimnael|Douglas DC-6 SE-BDA in die laat-1940’s]] Die gewig van die DC-6 het volgens klante se spesifikasie gewissel, naamlik van 87,900 tot 98,800 kilogram en die brandstofvermoë het van ongeveer 12&nbsp;574 liter (in agt tenks) tot ongeveer 18&nbsp;671 liter (in tien tenks) gewissel. Die meeste DC-6’e het aanvanklik 50 sitplekke gehad (twee weerskante van die gang); daar was ook ’n driesitplekrusbank aan die agterkant van die passasierskajuit. Die sitplekke is later tot 68 en toe 86 verhoog (deur die vliegtuig met vyf sitplekke langs mekaar toe te rus en die afstand tussen die sitplekke te verminder). Sommige DC-6-vliegtuie is in vragweergawes omskep: hulle kajuittoebehore is verwyder en ’n versterkte kajuitvloer en ’n groot hoofdekvragdeur is geïnstalleer.<ref name="fran"/> === DC-6A === [[Lêer:327 Cameron Corps personnel at Kandahar - USACE-p15141coll5-15728.jpeg|duimnael|Die Douglas DC-6A met die registrasienommer YA-DAN van Ariana Afghan Airlines het die konstruksienommer 44259.]] Die DC-6A het kragtiger weergawes van die Double Wasp-enjins met water-metanolinspuiting gehad. Die romp van die DC-6A was langer en ruimer en die vliegtuig het ’n verhoogde maksimum massa, groter brandstofvermoë en beter werkverrigting as die DC-6 gehad. Die eerste weergawes van hierdie nuwe model is geoptimaliseer as ’n vragvliegtuig wat ’n versterkte kajuitvloer gehad het en twee vragdeure aan die linkerkant van die romp gehad het. Die afmetings van hierdie deure was 2,01 meter by ongeveer 3,2 meter; een was voor die vlerk en die ander een agter die vlerk. Daar was ook ’n hystoestel wat aan een van die vragdeure geheg kon word en aan boord die vliegtuig gestoor kon word wanneer dit nie in gebruik is nie. Voor die agterste vragdeur was daar ook ’n toegangsdeur vir passasiers. Die kajuitvensters van die meeste DC-6A’s was bedek met metaaldeksels wat verwyder kon word sodat die vragweergawe weer in ’n passasiersweergawe omskep kon word.<ref name="fran"/> === DC-6B === [[Lêer:Dhahran 1952 DC6-B.jpg|duimnael|Douglas DC-6B met Double Wasp-enjins van 2400 perdekrag]] Die DC-6B het dieselfde afmetings as die DC-6A gehad, maar was vir die vervoer van passasiers geoptimaliseer en het dus nie die versterkte vloer en twee vragdeure van die vragvliegtuig gehad nie. Dieselfde reeks opsies as vir die DC-6A is aan klante gebied, naamlik Double Wasp-enjins met water-metanolinspuiting, brutomassa van tot 107&nbsp;000 kilogram en ’n brandstofvermoë van tot ongeveer 20&nbsp;866 liter. Die DC-6B het aanvanklik 52 sitplekke gehad en later 82 of selfs 102 vir huurvlugte. Baie DC-6B’s is, nadat hulle deur die hooflugvervoerders uit diens gestel is, in vragvliegtuie omskep deur die oorspronklike kajuitvloer met versterkte vloere te vervang. Sulke vliegtuie het ook óf een vragdeur (voor die vlerk) óf twee vragdeure aan die linkerkant van die romp gehad (hierdie vragdeure was voor en agter die vlerk). Twee DC-6B’s is ook omvattend deur die Ingenieursdepartement van Sabena gemodifiseer en toegerus met swaaisterte wat na regs geskarnier was (hulle konstruksienommers was 44434 en 45202). Die agterste deel van die romp en die stertoppervlakke is gemodifiseer. Een vliegtuig het na Spantax (44434, registrasienommer EC-BBK) in Spanje en die ander een het na Kar-Air O/Y (45202, registrasienommer OH-KDA) in Finland gegaan. Konstruksienommer 44434 is later N434TA geregistreer en deur Northern Air Cargo bedryf. Konstruksienommer 45202 is later N867TA geregistreer en ook deur Northern Air Cargo bedryf.<ref name="fran"/><ref>{{Cite book |last=Eastwood and Roach |first=Tony and John |title=Piston-Engined Airliner Production List |date=October 2002 |publisher=The Aviation Hobby Shop |year=2002 |isbn=0 907178 94 4 |location=West Drayton, Middlesex, England |pages=299, 306 |language=en}}</ref> == Die verskillende militêre variante van die DC-6 == [[Lêer:Partial view of a C-118B Liftmaster aircraft of Fleet Logistics Support Squadron 46 (VR-46) and a P-3C Orion aircraft of Patrol Squadron 8 (VP-8) on the flight line during the silve - DPLA - 55a99a9035bbc2e650132e791fb75977.jpeg|duimnael|Die stertdeel van 'n Douglas C-118B van die VSA-vloot word gesien.]] Die VC-118 is vir President Truman van Amerika gebruik en het die konstruksienommer 42881, reeksnommer 46505 en die naam ''Independence'' gehad. Hierdie vliegtuig is van 4 Julie 1947 tot Mei 1953 vir die President gebruik en daarna is dit as BBP-transportvliegtuig deur die Military Air Transport Service gebruik.<ref name="fran"/> Die Koreaanse Oorlog het daartoe aanleiding gegee dat die VSA se Departement van Verdediging ’n weergawe van die DC-6A as standaard- militêre transportvliegtuig vir sowel die USAF as die VSA-vloot aangeskaf het. Dit het bestaan uit 101 C-118A’s vir die USAF en 65 R6D-1’s vir die VSA-vloot (in September 1962 C-118B’s hernoem); 40 hiervan is na die USAF oorgeplaas). Die meeste van die C-118A’s en R6D-1’s was toegerus om 74 militêre passasiers in betreklik beskeie gemak of ongeveer 12245 kilogram se vrag te dra. Die kajuit van baie was egter ingerig om minder passasiers te vervoer in gerief wat min of meer dieselfde as dié van burgerlike lynvliegtuie was.<ref name="fran"/> Vyf-en-dertig van hierdie vliegtuie met weelderiger akkommodasie is as VC-118A’s deur die USAF benoem en vier as R6D-1Z’s vir die VSA-vloot (later VC-118B’s).<ref name="fran"/> C-118A’s wat vir mediese afvoer gemodifiseer is, was as MC-118A’s bekend en dié wat vir fotokartering gebruik is, is RC-118A’s genoem. Die MC-118A’s was toegerus vir 60 draagbare en hulle mediese versorgers. Twee ongewone modifikasies was die vliegtuie met die reeksnommers 53-3273 en 53-3283, wat as lugbevelsposte deur Temco in Texas gemodifiseer is. Nog ’n C-118A, die een met die reeksnommer 53-3245, het ’n EC-118A-toetsbed vir elektroniese toerusting geword.<ref name="fran"/> <gallery mode="packed"> Lêer:Douglas C-118A Liftmaster (2911123364).jpg|Douglas C-118A Liftmaster van die USAF Lêer:Douglas R6D-1 MATS in flight in the 1950s.jpeg|Douglas R6D-1 van die VSA-vloot Lêer:C-118B Liftmaster of VR-52 at NAS Rota 1976.JPEG|Douglas C-118B van die VSA-vloot Lêer:Douglas VC-118B in flight colour.jpg|Douglas VC-118B van die VSA-vloot </gallery> == Enjins == [[Lêer:9qcgz 2003-05-04 FAGM P5045725 shd25 600x450.jpg|duimnael|Die Douglas DC-6 met die registrasienommer 9Q-CGZ word op 4 Mei 2003 by die Randse Lughawe gesien.]] Die verskillende variante van die DC-6 het Pratt & Whitney R-2800- of Double Wasp- radiale enjins met ’n opstygstukrag van 2100 of 2200 perdekrag tot 2400 perdekrag of 2500 perdekrag gehad. Die hoër stukrag is verkry deur water-metanolinspuiting by opstyging te gebruik.<ref name="fran"/> == Getal vliegtuie geproduseer == Die produksiesyfer vir die DC-6 en sy variante was 704 eenhede. Al die variante van die DC-6 is by die Santa Monica-aanleg gebou. Die Douglas DC-6 is as die DC-6 (171), DC-6A (78), DC-6B (287), XC-112A (1), VC-118 (1), C-118A (101) en R6D-1 (65) gebou.<ref name="fran"/> == DC-6’e in diens van lugrederye == <gallery mode="packed"> Lêer:DC-6vhBPFlanding (4436510563).jpg|British Commonwealth Pacific Airlines DC-6 VH-BPF 28 Januarie 1952 Lêer:DC-6SPanagra1948 (4436794193).jpg|Panagra DC-6 NC8104H Oktober 1948 op Clover Field in Santa Monica Lêer:Douglas DC-6B Western Air Lines (5730865790).jpg|Western Air Lines DC-6B N91302 Januarie 1953 San Francisco </gallery> == Individuele DC-6-vliegtuie == AANTEKENINGE Waar ’n identiteitsnommer tussen hakies verskyn, beteken dit dat die bepaalde vliegtuig bestem was om daardie identiteit te hê, maar dat dit nie opgeneem is nie. Die inligting wat hierna volg, is verkry in die Piston-Engined Airliner Production List<ref>{{Cite book |last=Eastwood and Roach |first=Tony and John |title=Piston-Engined Airliner Production List|date=October 2002 |publisher=The Aviation Hobby Shop |year=2002 |isbn=0 907178 94 4 |location=West Drayton, Middlesex, England |pages=280, 284, 290, 291, 293, 301, 302, 306, 307 |language=en}}</ref> asook in die volgende uitgawes van die nuusbriewe van die Aviation Society of Africa: Januarie 1996, Mei 1996, Junie 1997, Julie 1997, Augustus 1997, September 1997 en Oktober 1997 en die African Air Review van Maart/April 1980, Mei/Junie 1980, Julie/Augustus 1980, September/Oktober 1981, Oktober/November/Desember 1985 en Januarie 1986. === Konstruksienommer 42881 === Die Douglas DC-6 met die konstruksienommer 42881 is as ’n C-118-DO gebou. Dit is op 1 Julie 1947 aan die USAAF afgelewer en is in ’n VC-118-DO omskep en die reeksnommer 46-0505 is aan die masjien toegeken. Die VC-118 is vir President Truman van Amerika gebruik en het die naam ''The Independence'' gehad. Hierdie vliegtuig is van 4 Julie 1947 tot Mei 1953 vir die President gebruik en daarna is dit as BBP-transportvliegtuig deur die Military Air Transport Service gebruik. As ''The Independence'' het die voorste gedeelte van die vliegtuig 24 sitplekke gehad wat in 12 beddens vir lede van die presidensiële personeel omskep kon word. Die agterste gedeelte van die kajuit was uitgerus as ’n presidensiële suite met ’n rusbank wat in ’n bed omskep kon word, ’n leunstoel en ’n konferensietafel. Nadat die vliegmasjien aan diens onttrek is, is dit aan die Smithsonian Institute geskenk. Tans word dit in die Nasionale Museum van die United States Air Force uitgestal.<gallery mode="packed"> Lêer:Photograph of President Truman's airplane, "The Independence," preparing to leave Washington to carry the President... - NARA - 200342.jpg|Die VC-118 van President Truman met die naam ''The Independence'' Lêer:View of the "Independence," the presidential airplane. President Truman and his party (distance view) are below... - NARA - 199692.jpg|''The Independence'' soos deur President Truman van Amerika gebruik Lêer:Douglas DC-6 VC-118-DO Liftmaster 'The Independence' (USAAF sn 46-0505, cn 42881) (5-22-2022).jpg|Die Truman VC-118 by die Nasionale Museum van die United States Air Force </gallery> === Konstruksienommer 43127 === Die Douglas DC-6 met die konstruksienommer 43127 het die identiteitsrekord (SE-BDI), VH-BPG, ZK-BGB, NZ3632, N254N, CF-PWP, N80MA, 9Q-CPL en EL-WNH (Julie 1997 op naam van Transair Cargo geregistreer). [[Lêer:Elwnh 1998-02-07 FALA 321 spot LR spot file 800x486.jpg|geen|duimnael|250x250px|Hier word die DC-6 met die konstruksienommer 43127 op 7 Februarie 1998 as EL-WNH by Lanseria gesien.]] === Konstruksienommer 43573 === Die vliegtuig met die konstruksienommer 43573 is op 18 Oktober 1952 as ’n C-118A met die reeksnommer 51-3826 aan die USAF afgelewer. Daarna het hy die volgende burgerlike registrasies gehad: N203G, N54G en 9Q-CGZ (Desember 1996/Januarie 1997 geregistreer). Uiteindelik is hierdie skroefvliegtuig aan diens onttrek en by die Randse Lughawe gestoor. <gallery mode="packed-hover"> Lêer:9qcgz 1997-07-00 FALA 068 resize.jpg|9Q-CGZ Julie 1997 Lanseria Lêer:9qcgz 2003-05-04 FAGM P5045479 shd50 600x450.jpg|9Q-CGZ 4 Mei 2003 Randse Lughawe </gallery> === Konstruksienommer 43681 === BuNo 131578 is op 27 Januarie 1953 as ’n R6D-1 aan die VSA-vloot afgelewer en is daarna in 1958 met die reeksnommer 51-17634 na die USAF oorgeplaas, maar is in 1964 as BuNo 131578 terug na die VSA-vloot. Die vlootbenoeming van die R6D-1’s was vanaf September 1962 C-118B. [[Lêer:C-118B (14207787683).jpg|geen|duimnael]] === Konstruksienommer 43740 === Die Douglas DC-6B met die konstruksienommer 43740 het die identiteitsrekord N8223H, F-OCYJ, OO-IFA, N799TA, 9J-AEP (in 1979 geregistreer) en N84AU (9J-AEP is in Oktober 1979 as N84AU uitgevoer). Die vliegtuig is op 18 Mei 1989 aan diens onttrek en in November 1990 by Lanseria opgebreek; die neusgedeelte het na die Suid-Afrikaanse Lugdiens-museumvereniging gegaan en is op ’n leningsgrondlag aan die SAL Tegnies-verfwerkswinkel gegee.<gallery mode="packed-hover"> Lêer:N84au 1981-05-10 FALA 102 resize.jpg|N84AU 10 Mei 1981 Lanseria Lêer:N84au 1991-01-26 FAJS 045 LR spot 800x486.jpg|Voordeel N84AU 26 Januarie 1991 </gallery> === Konstruksienommer 44635 === In die meegaande foto word die voordeel van die Douglas C-118 met die reeksnommer 53-3264 gesien. Hy het die konstruksienommer 44635 en is as ’n Douglas C-118A gebou en is op 13 April 1955 aan die USAF afgelewer. [[Lêer:C-118nosedtl (4437287074).jpg|geen|duimnael]] === Konstruksienommer 44639 === Die Douglas C-118 met die reeksnommer 53-3268 het die konstruksienommer 44639. Dit is as ’n Douglas C-118A gebou en is op 2 Mei 1955 aan die USAF afgelewer. [[Lêer:Douglas C-118A Liftmaster 53-3268 1705 ATG MATS.jpg|geen|duimnael]] === Konstruksienommer 44645 === Die Douglas C-118A met die konstruksienommer 44645 het die identiteitsrekord 53-3274, N50293, C-GKFF, TG-CGO, YV-501C, 9Q-CJP(2) (in 1996/1997 op naam van Transair Cargo geregistreer) en EL-WIL (in Julie/Augustus 1997 op naam van Transair Cargo geregistreer). Terwyl die masjien N50293 geregistreer was, is dit in ’n DC-6A omskep. Die vliegmasjien is as EL-WIL aan diens onttrek en gestoor.<gallery mode="packed-hover"> Lêer:9qcjp 1997-07-00 FALA 077 resize.jpg|9Q-CJP Julie 1997 Lanseria Lêer:Elwil 2003-12-30 FAGM 002 LRnuwe 600x450.jpg|EL-WIL 30 Des 2003 </gallery> === Konstruksienommer 44674 === Die C-118A met die reeksnommer 53-3303 het die konstruksienommer 44674 en is op 19 Desember 1955 aan die USAF afgelewer. Die vliegtuig word op 15 Julie 1967 gesien. Volgens die byskrif by die foto was dit die persoonlike transportvliegtuig van die Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR), wat op daardie tydstip Generaal Lyman L Lemnitzer was. [[Lêer:53-3303 C-118A USAF LPL 15JUL67 (5574943791).jpg|geen|duimnael]] === Konstruksienommer 45201 === Die Douglas DC-6B met die konstruksienommer 45201 het die identiteitsrekord  N576, SU-ANM, OY-STS, N515TS, ZS-MTE, 9Q-CMC(2) en 9Q-CJX(2) (in 1996/1997 op naam van Transair Cargo geregistreer). Terwyl die vliegtuig N515TS geregistreer was, is hy in Julie 1973 in ’n vragweergawe omskep.<gallery mode="packed-hover"> Lêer:Zsmte 1988-12-23 FAWB 330 dig dust LR 800x486.jpg|ZS-MTE 23 Desember 1988 Wonderboom Lêer:Zsmte 1992-01-04 FAWB 332 dig dust LR el 800x486.jpg|ZS-MTE 4 Januarie 1992 Wonderboom Lêer:9qcjx 2003-05-04 FAGM P5045717 crop 600x450.jpg|9Q-CJX 4 Mei 2003 Randse Lughawe </gallery> === Konstruksienommer 45319 === Die Douglas DC-6B met die konstruksienommer 45319 het die identiteitsrekord N578, SU-ANN, OY-STR, N515TR, N91BL, N34C en 9Q-CYO (in Desember 1996 geregistreer). Terwyl die masjien N515TR geregistreer was, is dit in Augustus 1973 in ’n vragvliegtuig omskep. [[Lêer:9qcyo 1997-07-11 FALA 084 resize.jpg|geen|duimnael|250x250px|Die Douglas DC-6B met die konstruksienommer 45319 word op 11 Julie 1997 as 9Q-CYO by Lanseria-lughawe gesien. Let op die dubbele vragdeur agter die vlerk.]] === Konstruksienommer 45329 === Die Douglas DC-6B met die konstruksienommer 45329 het die identiteitsrekord CF-CZV, SE-BDG, LN-SUT, OY-DRC, G-SIXB, 3D-ASA (in Mei 1980 op naam van Air Swaziland Beperk geregistreer), 3D-ASB (in 1981 op naam van Air Swaziland geregistreer) (deur Interocean Airways verkry, in November 1985 as onderdeelbron na Suid-Afrika gevlieg), N90300, C9-ASR, ZS-MUL, 9Q-CJE en ZS-XXX.<gallery mode="packed-hover"> Lêer:3dasa 1980-10-11 FALA 066 resize.jpg|3D-ASA 11 Oktober 1980 Lanseria Lêer:Zsmul 1992-01-04 FAWB 333 dust LR 800x486.jpg|ZS-MUL 4 Januarie 1992 Wonderboom </gallery> ==== Suid-Afrikaanse Lugdiens-museumvereniging ==== DC-6 ZS-XXX is vir ’n kort tydjie deur die Suid-Afrikaanse Lugdiens-museumvereniging besit. Die skroefvliegtuig is in 1998 verkry. Ná verskeie uitstappies na die Randse Lughawe om die vliegtuig te sien en daaraan te werk ten einde hom na Johannesburg Internasionale Lughawe te vlieg is ’n bemanning gevind om hom te vlieg. Die nodige vliegpermit is ook van die Burgerlugvaartowerheid van Suid-Afrika verkry. Vroeg op ’n somber Septemberoggend is die eerste stadium voltooi om die enjins te laat loop. Ná verskeie verwyderings en vervangings van vonkproppe van die nommerdrie-enjin het al vier Pratt & Whitney-enjins begin loop. Die vertrekdatum na Johannesburg Internasionale Lughawe (ICAO-kode FAJS) was 8 November 1998. Ná opstyging by die Randse Lughawe en ’n baie vinnige en lae verbyvlug was die nuwe vliegtuig by FAJS. Aangesien Swartkop die nuwe tuiste van die SAL-museumvereniging sou word, moes die DC-6 vir nog ’n vlug geneem word. Alles moontlik is gedoen om die vliegtuig respektabel te laat lyk, maar ’n aanbod is vir hom gedoen en hy het na nuwe eienaars gegaan. DC-6 ZS-XXX het vir die oorgrote deel van tien jaar agteruitgegaan. Hy het in 1998 by Swartkop aangekom en was vir die Suid-Afrikaanse Lugdiens-museumvereniging bestem. Die Vereniging het op daardie tydstip ’n loods by Swartkop beset en die SA Historiese Vlug het die Douglas DC-3 en DC-4’s vanaf Swartkop bedryf. Die Suid-Afrikaanse Lugmag het egter gedurende 2005 die area nodig gekry toe die nabygeleë Lugmagbasis Waterkloof se fasiliteite opgeknap moes word en al die eskaders terug na Swartkop moes verskuif. Die SA Historiese Vlug en die SAL-museumvereniging is gedwing om die perseel te ontruim. Die SAL-museumvereniging het voor die uitdaging te staan gekom om die DC-6 van Swartkop af te vlieg of hom per pad te verskuif. Albei opsies was egter te duur vir die SAL-museumvereniging en hulle het besluit om die vliegtuig te verkoop.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dc-6.co.za/45329.htm|title=With the SAA Museum Society|website=The Douglas DC-6 Association of South Africa: Individual Aircraft History Construction number 45329|access-date=27 March 2026}}</ref> [[Lêer:DC-6 ZS-XXX (Now ZS-MUL) (12349319344).jpg|geen|duimnael|250x250px|Douglas DC-6B ZS-XXX op 1 Julie 1999 te Swartkop.]] ==== Nuwe eienaars ==== Peter Bauman, ’n entoesias, het op die ou end met die vliegtuig gesit. Toe hy egter te staan kom kom voor die stygende koste wat met die vliegtuig se lang verblyf by Swartkop verband hou, het hy besluit om die masjien aan die Suid-Afrikaanse Lugmag-museum aan te bied. Daardie museum het egter die aanbod van die hand gewys. Dit het gelyk asof die enige ander opsie was om weg te doen met die vliegtuig. Toe Witold Walus en Willie Muntingh, twee sakevennote en geesdriftige versamelaars, van die vliegtuig te hore kom, het hulle ’n aanbod gedoen om hom te koop. Die Lugmag wou die vliegtuig wegkry van Swartkop af, en Witold en Willie het ’n ambisieuse plan beraam om die vliegtuig van Swartkop af na hulle kleinhoewe noord van Pretoria te vlieg, waar hy as hekwag by die ingang van hulle sakeperseel sou pryk. Dit sou die konstruksie van ’n landingstrook oor verskeie aangrensende kleinhoewes behels om die vliegtuig se aankoms daar te akkommodeer. Die eerste tegniese inspeksie van die vliegtuig aan die eeinde van 2008 het professionele advies ingesluit dat die masjien eerder per pad verskuif moet word om onnodige koste te vermy. Die vliegtuig het vir tien jaar stilgestaan en sou aansienlike tegniese aandag benodig. Die opsie om hom per pad te verskuif sou egter beteken dat die hoofspar gesny moet word sodat die vlerke verwyder kan word. Volgens Witold sou dit die skroefvliegtuig nutteloos maak, wat die einde van die vliegtuig sou beteken. En so is daar besluit dat die vliegmasjien van Swartkop af gevlieg sou word. ’n Ervare DC-6-ingenieur, Mike Mayers, is gewerf en sy span het met die vervelige en onaangename werk begin om die vliegtuig so te herstel dat hy na die kleinhoewe gevlieg sou kon word. Baie uitdagings is die hoof gebied, en daar is steeds ’n paar wat oorbrug moet word, maar die geesdriftige Witold en Willie het by hulle besluit gebly om hierdie geskiedkundige vliegtuig te bewaar. Vir sy vlug na die kleinhoewe is die DC-6 ZS-MUL geregistreer en is op 4 Desember 2010 na sy nuwe tuiste gevlieg.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dc-6.co.za/45329.htm|title=EMPRESS OF SUVA – SAVED Suva’s Saviour|last=Steyn|first=Leon|date=11 October 2010|website=The Douglas DC-6 Association of South Africa Individual Aircraft History Construction number 45329|access-date=27 March 2026}}</ref> In die twee meegaande foto’s word die enjins van die vliegtuig op 20 Julie 2010 by Swartkop laat loop. <gallery mode="packed-hover"> Lêer:Zsxxx 2010-07-20 FASK DSC 4861 Jaws 600x399.jpg|ZS-XXX 20 Julie 2010 Swartkop Lêer:Zsxxx 2010-07-20 FASK DSC 4887 Jaws 600x399.jpg|ZS-XXX 20 Julie 2010 Swartkop </gallery> == Verwysings == {{verwysings}} {{Normdata}} [[Kategorie:Douglas-vliegtuie]] [[Kategorie:Passasiersvliegtuie]] [[Kategorie:Vragvliegtuie]] 15t0f4nf1x8bzxkzybdja9ieplp4xiu 2917010 2917009 2026-07-11T14:33:39Z Aliwal2012 39067 2917010 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infoboks-Vliegtuig |naam= Douglas DC-6 |beeld= Lêer:Western Airlines DC-6.tif |byskrif= 'n Douglas DC-6B van Western Airlines, Okt. 1956 |tipe= Lugdiens- en vragvliegtuig |vervaardiger=[[Douglas Aircraft Company]] |ontwerper= |eerste vlug=15 Februarie 1946 |bekendstelling= Maart 1947 met [[American Airlines]] en [[United Airlines]] |vrygestel= |onttrek= |status= In beperkte gebruik |hoofgebruiker= [[Pan Am]] |meer gebruikers= |vervaardig= 1946–1958 |aantal gebou= 704 |programkoste= |eenheidskoste= |ontwikkel van= [[Douglas DC-4]] |variante met eie artikels= }} Die '''Douglas DC-6''' is 'n [[Skroef (lugvaart)|skroefaangedrewe]] passasiers- en vragvliegtuig wat van 1946 tot 1958 deur die [[Douglas Aircraft Company]] gebou is. Oorspronklik bedoel as 'n militêre vervoermiddel teen die einde van die [[Tweede Wêreldoorlog]], het Douglas dit ná die oorlog herontwerp om met die Lockheed Constellation in die langafstand- kommersiële vervoermark mee te ding. Douglas het meer as 700 gebou, en baie vlieg steeds in vrag-, militêre en veldbrandbeheerrolle. Die DC-6 was bekend as die C-118 Liftmaster in die [[Amerikaanse Lugmag]] en as die R6D in die [[Amerikaanse Vloot]] voor 1962, waarna alle Amerikaanse Vloot-variante ook as die C-118 aangewys is. Die lugrederye wat nie die Lockheed Constellation bestel het nie, het gevind dat die XC-112A, die militêre prototipe van die DC-6, goed in hulle behoefte aan ’n drukvaste lynvliegtuig kon voorsien. Gevolglik het [[American Airlines]] en [[United Airlines]] die bal aan die rol gesit deur eerste die DC-6 te bestel.<ref name="fran">{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=253-260 |language=en}}</ref> == Burgerlike variante van die DC-6 == Die DC-6 is in drie hoof- burgerlike weergawes, naamlik die DC-6, die DC-6A en die DC-6B, gebou.<ref name="fran"/> === DC-6 === [[Lêer:ABA Aircraft SE-BDA in 1940's.jpg|duimnael|Douglas DC-6 SE-BDA in die laat-1940’s]] Die gewig van die DC-6 het volgens klante se spesifikasie gewissel, naamlik van 87,900 tot 98,800 kilogram en die brandstofvermoë het van ongeveer 12&nbsp;574 liter (in agt tenks) tot ongeveer 18&nbsp;671 liter (in tien tenks) gewissel. Die meeste DC-6’e het aanvanklik 50 sitplekke gehad (twee weerskante van die gang); daar was ook ’n driesitplekrusbank aan die agterkant van die passasierskajuit. Die sitplekke is later tot 68 en toe 86 verhoog (deur die vliegtuig met vyf sitplekke langs mekaar toe te rus en die afstand tussen die sitplekke te verminder). Sommige DC-6-vliegtuie is in vragweergawes omskep: hulle kajuittoebehore is verwyder en ’n versterkte kajuitvloer en ’n groot hoofdekvragdeur is geïnstalleer.<ref name="fran"/> === DC-6A === [[Lêer:327 Cameron Corps personnel at Kandahar - USACE-p15141coll5-15728.jpeg|duimnael|Die Douglas DC-6A met die registrasienommer YA-DAN van Ariana Afghan Airlines het die konstruksienommer 44259.]] Die DC-6A het kragtiger weergawes van die Double Wasp-enjins met water-metanolinspuiting gehad. Die romp van die DC-6A was langer en ruimer en die vliegtuig het ’n verhoogde maksimum massa, groter brandstofvermoë en beter werkverrigting as die DC-6 gehad. Die eerste weergawes van hierdie nuwe model is geoptimaliseer as ’n vragvliegtuig wat ’n versterkte kajuitvloer gehad het en twee vragdeure aan die linkerkant van die romp gehad het. Die afmetings van hierdie deure was 2,01 meter by ongeveer 3,2 meter; een was voor die vlerk en die ander een agter die vlerk. Daar was ook ’n hystoestel wat aan een van die vragdeure geheg kon word en aan boord die vliegtuig gestoor kon word wanneer dit nie in gebruik is nie. Voor die agterste vragdeur was daar ook ’n toegangsdeur vir passasiers. Die kajuitvensters van die meeste DC-6A’s was bedek met metaaldeksels wat verwyder kon word sodat die vragweergawe weer in ’n passasiersweergawe omskep kon word.<ref name="fran"/> === DC-6B === [[Lêer:Dhahran 1952 DC6-B.jpg|duimnael|Douglas DC-6B met Double Wasp-enjins van 2400 perdekrag]] Die DC-6B het dieselfde afmetings as die DC-6A gehad, maar was vir die vervoer van passasiers geoptimaliseer en het dus nie die versterkte vloer en twee vragdeure van die vragvliegtuig gehad nie. Dieselfde reeks opsies as vir die DC-6A is aan klante gebied, naamlik Double Wasp-enjins met water-metanolinspuiting, brutomassa van tot 107&nbsp;000 kilogram en ’n brandstofvermoë van tot ongeveer 20&nbsp;866 liter. Die DC-6B het aanvanklik 52 sitplekke gehad en later 82 of selfs 102 vir huurvlugte. Baie DC-6B’s is, nadat hulle deur die hooflugvervoerders uit diens gestel is, in vragvliegtuie omskep deur die oorspronklike kajuitvloer met versterkte vloere te vervang. Sulke vliegtuie het ook óf een vragdeur (voor die vlerk) óf twee vragdeure aan die linkerkant van die romp gehad (hierdie vragdeure was voor en agter die vlerk). Twee DC-6B’s is ook omvattend deur die Ingenieursdepartement van Sabena gemodifiseer en toegerus met swaaisterte wat na regs geskarnier was (hulle konstruksienommers was 44434 en 45202). Die agterste deel van die romp en die stertoppervlakke is gemodifiseer. Een vliegtuig het na Spantax (44434, registrasienommer EC-BBK) in Spanje en die ander een het na Kar-Air O/Y (45202, registrasienommer OH-KDA) in Finland gegaan. Konstruksienommer 44434 is later N434TA geregistreer en deur Northern Air Cargo bedryf. Konstruksienommer 45202 is later N867TA geregistreer en ook deur Northern Air Cargo bedryf.<ref name="fran"/><ref name="roach">{{Cite book |last=Eastwood and Roach |first=Tony and John |title=Piston-Engined Airliner Production List |date=October 2002 |publisher=The Aviation Hobby Shop |year=2002 |isbn=0 907178 94 4 |location=West Drayton, Middlesex, England |pages=299, 306 |language=en}}</ref> == Die verskillende militêre variante van die DC-6 == [[Lêer:Partial view of a C-118B Liftmaster aircraft of Fleet Logistics Support Squadron 46 (VR-46) and a P-3C Orion aircraft of Patrol Squadron 8 (VP-8) on the flight line during the silve - DPLA - 55a99a9035bbc2e650132e791fb75977.jpeg|duimnael|Die stertdeel van 'n Douglas C-118B van die VSA-vloot word gesien.]] Die VC-118 is vir President Truman van Amerika gebruik en het die konstruksienommer 42881, reeksnommer 46505 en die naam ''Independence'' gehad. Hierdie vliegtuig is van 4 Julie 1947 tot Mei 1953 vir die President gebruik en daarna is dit as BBP-transportvliegtuig deur die Military Air Transport Service gebruik.<ref name="fran"/> Die Koreaanse Oorlog het daartoe aanleiding gegee dat die VSA se Departement van Verdediging ’n weergawe van die DC-6A as standaard- militêre transportvliegtuig vir sowel die USAF as die VSA-vloot aangeskaf het. Dit het bestaan uit 101 C-118A’s vir die USAF en 65 R6D-1’s vir die VSA-vloot (in September 1962 C-118B’s hernoem); 40 hiervan is na die USAF oorgeplaas). Die meeste van die C-118A’s en R6D-1’s was toegerus om 74 militêre passasiers in betreklik beskeie gemak of ongeveer 12245 kilogram se vrag te dra. Die kajuit van baie was egter ingerig om minder passasiers te vervoer in gerief wat min of meer dieselfde as dié van burgerlike lynvliegtuie was.<ref name="fran"/> Vyf-en-dertig van hierdie vliegtuie met weelderiger akkommodasie is as VC-118A’s deur die USAF benoem en vier as R6D-1Z’s vir die VSA-vloot (later VC-118B’s).<ref name="fran"/> C-118A’s wat vir mediese afvoer gemodifiseer is, was as MC-118A’s bekend en dié wat vir fotokartering gebruik is, is RC-118A’s genoem. Die MC-118A’s was toegerus vir 60 draagbare en hulle mediese versorgers. Twee ongewone modifikasies was die vliegtuie met die reeksnommers 53-3273 en 53-3283, wat as lugbevelsposte deur Temco in Texas gemodifiseer is. Nog ’n C-118A, die een met die reeksnommer 53-3245, het ’n EC-118A-toetsbed vir elektroniese toerusting geword.<ref name="fran"/> <gallery mode="packed"> Lêer:Douglas C-118A Liftmaster (2911123364).jpg|Douglas C-118A Liftmaster van die USAF Lêer:Douglas R6D-1 MATS in flight in the 1950s.jpeg|Douglas R6D-1 van die VSA-vloot Lêer:C-118B Liftmaster of VR-52 at NAS Rota 1976.JPEG|Douglas C-118B van die VSA-vloot Lêer:Douglas VC-118B in flight colour.jpg|Douglas VC-118B van die VSA-vloot </gallery> == Enjins == [[Lêer:9qcgz 2003-05-04 FAGM P5045725 shd25 600x450.jpg|duimnael|Die Douglas DC-6 met die registrasienommer 9Q-CGZ word op 4 Mei 2003 by die Randse Lughawe gesien.]] Die verskillende variante van die DC-6 het Pratt & Whitney R-2800- of Double Wasp- radiale enjins met ’n opstygstukrag van 2100 of 2200 perdekrag tot 2400 perdekrag of 2500 perdekrag gehad. Die hoër stukrag is verkry deur water-metanolinspuiting by opstyging te gebruik.<ref name="fran"/> == Getal vliegtuie geproduseer == Die produksiesyfer vir die DC-6 en sy variante was 704 eenhede. Al die variante van die DC-6 is by die Santa Monica-aanleg gebou. Die Douglas DC-6 is as die DC-6 (171), DC-6A (78), DC-6B (287), XC-112A (1), VC-118 (1), C-118A (101) en R6D-1 (65) gebou.<ref name="fran"/> == DC-6’e in diens van lugrederye == <gallery mode="packed"> Lêer:DC-6vhBPFlanding (4436510563).jpg|British Commonwealth Pacific Airlines DC-6 VH-BPF 28 Januarie 1952 Lêer:DC-6SPanagra1948 (4436794193).jpg|Panagra DC-6 NC8104H Oktober 1948 op Clover Field in Santa Monica Lêer:Douglas DC-6B Western Air Lines (5730865790).jpg|Western Air Lines DC-6B N91302 Januarie 1953 San Francisco </gallery> == Individuele DC-6-vliegtuie == AANTEKENINGE Waar ’n identiteitsnommer tussen hakies verskyn, beteken dit dat die bepaalde vliegtuig bestem was om daardie identiteit te hê, maar dat dit nie opgeneem is nie. Die inligting wat hierna volg, is verkry in die Piston-Engined Airliner Production List<ref name="roach"/> asook in die volgende uitgawes van die nuusbriewe van die Aviation Society of Africa: Januarie 1996, Mei 1996, Junie 1997, Julie 1997, Augustus 1997, September 1997 en Oktober 1997 en die African Air Review van Maart/April 1980, Mei/Junie 1980, Julie/Augustus 1980, September/Oktober 1981, Oktober/November/Desember 1985 en Januarie 1986. === Konstruksienommer 42881 === Die Douglas DC-6 met die konstruksienommer 42881 is as ’n C-118-DO gebou. Dit is op 1 Julie 1947 aan die USAAF afgelewer en is in ’n VC-118-DO omskep en die reeksnommer 46-0505 is aan die masjien toegeken. Die VC-118 is vir President Truman van Amerika gebruik en het die naam ''The Independence'' gehad. Hierdie vliegtuig is van 4 Julie 1947 tot Mei 1953 vir die President gebruik en daarna is dit as BBP-transportvliegtuig deur die Military Air Transport Service gebruik. As ''The Independence'' het die voorste gedeelte van die vliegtuig 24 sitplekke gehad wat in 12 beddens vir lede van die presidensiële personeel omskep kon word. Die agterste gedeelte van die kajuit was uitgerus as ’n presidensiële suite met ’n rusbank wat in ’n bed omskep kon word, ’n leunstoel en ’n konferensietafel. Nadat die vliegmasjien aan diens onttrek is, is dit aan die Smithsonian Institute geskenk. Tans word dit in die Nasionale Museum van die United States Air Force uitgestal.<gallery mode="packed"> Lêer:Photograph of President Truman's airplane, "The Independence," preparing to leave Washington to carry the President... - NARA - 200342.jpg|Die VC-118 van President Truman met die naam ''The Independence'' Lêer:View of the "Independence," the presidential airplane. President Truman and his party (distance view) are below... - NARA - 199692.jpg|''The Independence'' soos deur President Truman van Amerika gebruik Lêer:Douglas DC-6 VC-118-DO Liftmaster 'The Independence' (USAAF sn 46-0505, cn 42881) (5-22-2022).jpg|Die Truman VC-118 by die Nasionale Museum van die United States Air Force </gallery> === Konstruksienommer 43127 === Die Douglas DC-6 met die konstruksienommer 43127 het die identiteitsrekord (SE-BDI), VH-BPG, ZK-BGB, NZ3632, N254N, CF-PWP, N80MA, 9Q-CPL en EL-WNH (Julie 1997 op naam van Transair Cargo geregistreer). [[Lêer:Elwnh 1998-02-07 FALA 321 spot LR spot file 800x486.jpg|geen|duimnael|250x250px|Hier word die DC-6 met die konstruksienommer 43127 op 7 Februarie 1998 as EL-WNH by Lanseria gesien.]] === Konstruksienommer 43573 === Die vliegtuig met die konstruksienommer 43573 is op 18 Oktober 1952 as ’n C-118A met die reeksnommer 51-3826 aan die USAF afgelewer. Daarna het hy die volgende burgerlike registrasies gehad: N203G, N54G en 9Q-CGZ (Desember 1996/Januarie 1997 geregistreer). Uiteindelik is hierdie skroefvliegtuig aan diens onttrek en by die Randse Lughawe gestoor. <gallery mode="packed-hover"> Lêer:9qcgz 1997-07-00 FALA 068 resize.jpg|9Q-CGZ Julie 1997 Lanseria Lêer:9qcgz 2003-05-04 FAGM P5045479 shd50 600x450.jpg|9Q-CGZ 4 Mei 2003 Randse Lughawe </gallery> === Konstruksienommer 43681 === BuNo 131578 is op 27 Januarie 1953 as ’n R6D-1 aan die VSA-vloot afgelewer en is daarna in 1958 met die reeksnommer 51-17634 na die USAF oorgeplaas, maar is in 1964 as BuNo 131578 terug na die VSA-vloot. Die vlootbenoeming van die R6D-1’s was vanaf September 1962 C-118B. [[Lêer:C-118B (14207787683).jpg|geen|duimnael]] === Konstruksienommer 43740 === Die Douglas DC-6B met die konstruksienommer 43740 het die identiteitsrekord N8223H, F-OCYJ, OO-IFA, N799TA, 9J-AEP (in 1979 geregistreer) en N84AU (9J-AEP is in Oktober 1979 as N84AU uitgevoer). Die vliegtuig is op 18 Mei 1989 aan diens onttrek en in November 1990 by Lanseria opgebreek; die neusgedeelte het na die Suid-Afrikaanse Lugdiens-museumvereniging gegaan en is op ’n leningsgrondlag aan die SAL Tegnies-verfwerkswinkel gegee.<gallery mode="packed-hover"> Lêer:N84au 1981-05-10 FALA 102 resize.jpg|N84AU 10 Mei 1981 Lanseria Lêer:N84au 1991-01-26 FAJS 045 LR spot 800x486.jpg|Voordeel N84AU 26 Januarie 1991 </gallery> === Konstruksienommer 44635 === In die meegaande foto word die voordeel van die Douglas C-118 met die reeksnommer 53-3264 gesien. Hy het die konstruksienommer 44635 en is as ’n Douglas C-118A gebou en is op 13 April 1955 aan die USAF afgelewer. [[Lêer:C-118nosedtl (4437287074).jpg|geen|duimnael]] === Konstruksienommer 44639 === Die Douglas C-118 met die reeksnommer 53-3268 het die konstruksienommer 44639. Dit is as ’n Douglas C-118A gebou en is op 2 Mei 1955 aan die USAF afgelewer. [[Lêer:Douglas C-118A Liftmaster 53-3268 1705 ATG MATS.jpg|geen|duimnael]] === Konstruksienommer 44645 === Die Douglas C-118A met die konstruksienommer 44645 het die identiteitsrekord 53-3274, N50293, C-GKFF, TG-CGO, YV-501C, 9Q-CJP(2) (in 1996/1997 op naam van Transair Cargo geregistreer) en EL-WIL (in Julie/Augustus 1997 op naam van Transair Cargo geregistreer). Terwyl die masjien N50293 geregistreer was, is dit in ’n DC-6A omskep. Die vliegmasjien is as EL-WIL aan diens onttrek en gestoor.<gallery mode="packed-hover"> Lêer:9qcjp 1997-07-00 FALA 077 resize.jpg|9Q-CJP Julie 1997 Lanseria Lêer:Elwil 2003-12-30 FAGM 002 LRnuwe 600x450.jpg|EL-WIL 30 Des 2003 </gallery> === Konstruksienommer 44674 === Die C-118A met die reeksnommer 53-3303 het die konstruksienommer 44674 en is op 19 Desember 1955 aan die USAF afgelewer. Die vliegtuig word op 15 Julie 1967 gesien. Volgens die byskrif by die foto was dit die persoonlike transportvliegtuig van die Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR), wat op daardie tydstip Generaal Lyman L Lemnitzer was. [[Lêer:53-3303 C-118A USAF LPL 15JUL67 (5574943791).jpg|geen|duimnael]] === Konstruksienommer 45201 === Die Douglas DC-6B met die konstruksienommer 45201 het die identiteitsrekord  N576, SU-ANM, OY-STS, N515TS, ZS-MTE, 9Q-CMC(2) en 9Q-CJX(2) (in 1996/1997 op naam van Transair Cargo geregistreer). Terwyl die vliegtuig N515TS geregistreer was, is hy in Julie 1973 in ’n vragweergawe omskep.<gallery mode="packed-hover"> Lêer:Zsmte 1988-12-23 FAWB 330 dig dust LR 800x486.jpg|ZS-MTE 23 Desember 1988 Wonderboom Lêer:Zsmte 1992-01-04 FAWB 332 dig dust LR el 800x486.jpg|ZS-MTE 4 Januarie 1992 Wonderboom Lêer:9qcjx 2003-05-04 FAGM P5045717 crop 600x450.jpg|9Q-CJX 4 Mei 2003 Randse Lughawe </gallery> === Konstruksienommer 45319 === Die Douglas DC-6B met die konstruksienommer 45319 het die identiteitsrekord N578, SU-ANN, OY-STR, N515TR, N91BL, N34C en 9Q-CYO (in Desember 1996 geregistreer). Terwyl die masjien N515TR geregistreer was, is dit in Augustus 1973 in ’n vragvliegtuig omskep. [[Lêer:9qcyo 1997-07-11 FALA 084 resize.jpg|geen|duimnael|250x250px|Die Douglas DC-6B met die konstruksienommer 45319 word op 11 Julie 1997 as 9Q-CYO by Lanseria-lughawe gesien. Let op die dubbele vragdeur agter die vlerk.]] === Konstruksienommer 45329 === Die Douglas DC-6B met die konstruksienommer 45329 het die identiteitsrekord CF-CZV, SE-BDG, LN-SUT, OY-DRC, G-SIXB, 3D-ASA (in Mei 1980 op naam van Air Swaziland Beperk geregistreer), 3D-ASB (in 1981 op naam van Air Swaziland geregistreer) (deur Interocean Airways verkry, in November 1985 as onderdeelbron na Suid-Afrika gevlieg), N90300, C9-ASR, ZS-MUL, 9Q-CJE en ZS-XXX.<gallery mode="packed-hover"> Lêer:3dasa 1980-10-11 FALA 066 resize.jpg|3D-ASA 11 Oktober 1980 Lanseria Lêer:Zsmul 1992-01-04 FAWB 333 dust LR 800x486.jpg|ZS-MUL 4 Januarie 1992 Wonderboom </gallery> ==== Suid-Afrikaanse Lugdiens-museumvereniging ==== DC-6 ZS-XXX is vir ’n kort tydjie deur die Suid-Afrikaanse Lugdiens-museumvereniging besit. Die skroefvliegtuig is in 1998 verkry. Ná verskeie uitstappies na die Randse Lughawe om die vliegtuig te sien en daaraan te werk ten einde hom na Johannesburg Internasionale Lughawe te vlieg is ’n bemanning gevind om hom te vlieg. Die nodige vliegpermit is ook van die Burgerlugvaartowerheid van Suid-Afrika verkry. Vroeg op ’n somber Septemberoggend is die eerste stadium voltooi om die enjins te laat loop. Ná verskeie verwyderings en vervangings van vonkproppe van die nommerdrie-enjin het al vier Pratt & Whitney-enjins begin loop. Die vertrekdatum na Johannesburg Internasionale Lughawe (ICAO-kode FAJS) was 8 November 1998. Ná opstyging by die Randse Lughawe en ’n baie vinnige en lae verbyvlug was die nuwe vliegtuig by FAJS. Aangesien Swartkop die nuwe tuiste van die SAL-museumvereniging sou word, moes die DC-6 vir nog ’n vlug geneem word. Alles moontlik is gedoen om die vliegtuig respektabel te laat lyk, maar ’n aanbod is vir hom gedoen en hy het na nuwe eienaars gegaan. DC-6 ZS-XXX het vir die oorgrote deel van tien jaar agteruitgegaan. Hy het in 1998 by Swartkop aangekom en was vir die Suid-Afrikaanse Lugdiens-museumvereniging bestem. Die Vereniging het op daardie tydstip ’n loods by Swartkop beset en die SA Historiese Vlug het die Douglas DC-3 en DC-4’s vanaf Swartkop bedryf. Die Suid-Afrikaanse Lugmag het egter gedurende 2005 die area nodig gekry toe die nabygeleë Lugmagbasis Waterkloof se fasiliteite opgeknap moes word en al die eskaders terug na Swartkop moes verskuif. Die SA Historiese Vlug en die SAL-museumvereniging is gedwing om die perseel te ontruim. Die SAL-museumvereniging het voor die uitdaging te staan gekom om die DC-6 van Swartkop af te vlieg of hom per pad te verskuif. Albei opsies was egter te duur vir die SAL-museumvereniging en hulle het besluit om die vliegtuig te verkoop.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dc-6.co.za/45329.htm|title=With the SAA Museum Society|website=The Douglas DC-6 Association of South Africa: Individual Aircraft History Construction number 45329|access-date=27 March 2026}}</ref> [[Lêer:DC-6 ZS-XXX (Now ZS-MUL) (12349319344).jpg|geen|duimnael|250x250px|Douglas DC-6B ZS-XXX op 1 Julie 1999 te Swartkop.]] ==== Nuwe eienaars ==== Peter Bauman, ’n entoesias, het op die ou end met die vliegtuig gesit. Toe hy egter te staan kom kom voor die stygende koste wat met die vliegtuig se lang verblyf by Swartkop verband hou, het hy besluit om die masjien aan die Suid-Afrikaanse Lugmag-museum aan te bied. Daardie museum het egter die aanbod van die hand gewys. Dit het gelyk asof die enige ander opsie was om weg te doen met die vliegtuig. Toe Witold Walus en Willie Muntingh, twee sakevennote en geesdriftige versamelaars, van die vliegtuig te hore kom, het hulle ’n aanbod gedoen om hom te koop. Die Lugmag wou die vliegtuig wegkry van Swartkop af, en Witold en Willie het ’n ambisieuse plan beraam om die vliegtuig van Swartkop af na hulle kleinhoewe noord van Pretoria te vlieg, waar hy as hekwag by die ingang van hulle sakeperseel sou pryk. Dit sou die konstruksie van ’n landingstrook oor verskeie aangrensende kleinhoewes behels om die vliegtuig se aankoms daar te akkommodeer. Die eerste tegniese inspeksie van die vliegtuig aan die eeinde van 2008 het professionele advies ingesluit dat die masjien eerder per pad verskuif moet word om onnodige koste te vermy. Die vliegtuig het vir tien jaar stilgestaan en sou aansienlike tegniese aandag benodig. Die opsie om hom per pad te verskuif sou egter beteken dat die hoofspar gesny moet word sodat die vlerke verwyder kan word. Volgens Witold sou dit die skroefvliegtuig nutteloos maak, wat die einde van die vliegtuig sou beteken. En so is daar besluit dat die vliegmasjien van Swartkop af gevlieg sou word. ’n Ervare DC-6-ingenieur, Mike Mayers, is gewerf en sy span het met die vervelige en onaangename werk begin om die vliegtuig so te herstel dat hy na die kleinhoewe gevlieg sou kon word. Baie uitdagings is die hoof gebied, en daar is steeds ’n paar wat oorbrug moet word, maar die geesdriftige Witold en Willie het by hulle besluit gebly om hierdie geskiedkundige vliegtuig te bewaar. Vir sy vlug na die kleinhoewe is die DC-6 ZS-MUL geregistreer en is op 4 Desember 2010 na sy nuwe tuiste gevlieg.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dc-6.co.za/45329.htm|title=EMPRESS OF SUVA – SAVED Suva’s Saviour|last=Steyn|first=Leon|date=11 October 2010|website=The Douglas DC-6 Association of South Africa Individual Aircraft History Construction number 45329|access-date=27 March 2026}}</ref> In die twee meegaande foto’s word die enjins van die vliegtuig op 20 Julie 2010 by Swartkop laat loop. <gallery mode="packed-hover"> Lêer:Zsxxx 2010-07-20 FASK DSC 4861 Jaws 600x399.jpg|ZS-XXX 20 Julie 2010 Swartkop Lêer:Zsxxx 2010-07-20 FASK DSC 4887 Jaws 600x399.jpg|ZS-XXX 20 Julie 2010 Swartkop </gallery> == Verwysings == {{verwysings}} {{Normdata}} [[Kategorie:Douglas-vliegtuie]] [[Kategorie:Passasiersvliegtuie]] [[Kategorie:Vragvliegtuie]] fds2hgkdwzrl5nohn5l9xqf7eihbe3w 2917011 2917010 2026-07-11T14:42:20Z Aliwal2012 39067 /* Nuwe eienaars */ taal 2917011 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infoboks-Vliegtuig |naam= Douglas DC-6 |beeld= Lêer:Western Airlines DC-6.tif |byskrif= 'n Douglas DC-6B van Western Airlines, Okt. 1956 |tipe= Lugdiens- en vragvliegtuig |vervaardiger=[[Douglas Aircraft Company]] |ontwerper= |eerste vlug=15 Februarie 1946 |bekendstelling= Maart 1947 met [[American Airlines]] en [[United Airlines]] |vrygestel= |onttrek= |status= In beperkte gebruik |hoofgebruiker= [[Pan Am]] |meer gebruikers= |vervaardig= 1946–1958 |aantal gebou= 704 |programkoste= |eenheidskoste= |ontwikkel van= [[Douglas DC-4]] |variante met eie artikels= }} Die '''Douglas DC-6''' is 'n [[Skroef (lugvaart)|skroefaangedrewe]] passasiers- en vragvliegtuig wat van 1946 tot 1958 deur die [[Douglas Aircraft Company]] gebou is. Oorspronklik bedoel as 'n militêre vervoermiddel teen die einde van die [[Tweede Wêreldoorlog]], het Douglas dit ná die oorlog herontwerp om met die Lockheed Constellation in die langafstand- kommersiële vervoermark mee te ding. Douglas het meer as 700 gebou, en baie vlieg steeds in vrag-, militêre en veldbrandbeheerrolle. Die DC-6 was bekend as die C-118 Liftmaster in die [[Amerikaanse Lugmag]] en as die R6D in die [[Amerikaanse Vloot]] voor 1962, waarna alle Amerikaanse Vloot-variante ook as die C-118 aangewys is. Die lugrederye wat nie die Lockheed Constellation bestel het nie, het gevind dat die XC-112A, die militêre prototipe van die DC-6, goed in hulle behoefte aan ’n drukvaste lynvliegtuig kon voorsien. Gevolglik het [[American Airlines]] en [[United Airlines]] die bal aan die rol gesit deur eerste die DC-6 te bestel.<ref name="fran">{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=253-260 |language=en}}</ref> == Burgerlike variante van die DC-6 == Die DC-6 is in drie hoof- burgerlike weergawes, naamlik die DC-6, die DC-6A en die DC-6B, gebou.<ref name="fran"/> === DC-6 === [[Lêer:ABA Aircraft SE-BDA in 1940's.jpg|duimnael|Douglas DC-6 SE-BDA in die laat-1940’s]] Die gewig van die DC-6 het volgens klante se spesifikasie gewissel, naamlik van 87,900 tot 98,800 kilogram en die brandstofvermoë het van ongeveer 12&nbsp;574 liter (in agt tenks) tot ongeveer 18&nbsp;671 liter (in tien tenks) gewissel. Die meeste DC-6’e het aanvanklik 50 sitplekke gehad (twee weerskante van die gang); daar was ook ’n driesitplekrusbank aan die agterkant van die passasierskajuit. Die sitplekke is later tot 68 en toe 86 verhoog (deur die vliegtuig met vyf sitplekke langs mekaar toe te rus en die afstand tussen die sitplekke te verminder). Sommige DC-6-vliegtuie is in vragweergawes omskep: hulle kajuittoebehore is verwyder en ’n versterkte kajuitvloer en ’n groot hoofdekvragdeur is geïnstalleer.<ref name="fran"/> === DC-6A === [[Lêer:327 Cameron Corps personnel at Kandahar - USACE-p15141coll5-15728.jpeg|duimnael|Die Douglas DC-6A met die registrasienommer YA-DAN van Ariana Afghan Airlines het die konstruksienommer 44259.]] Die DC-6A het kragtiger weergawes van die Double Wasp-enjins met water-metanolinspuiting gehad. Die romp van die DC-6A was langer en ruimer en die vliegtuig het ’n verhoogde maksimum massa, groter brandstofvermoë en beter werkverrigting as die DC-6 gehad. Die eerste weergawes van hierdie nuwe model is geoptimaliseer as ’n vragvliegtuig wat ’n versterkte kajuitvloer gehad het en twee vragdeure aan die linkerkant van die romp gehad het. Die afmetings van hierdie deure was 2,01 meter by ongeveer 3,2 meter; een was voor die vlerk en die ander een agter die vlerk. Daar was ook ’n hystoestel wat aan een van die vragdeure geheg kon word en aan boord die vliegtuig gestoor kon word wanneer dit nie in gebruik is nie. Voor die agterste vragdeur was daar ook ’n toegangsdeur vir passasiers. Die kajuitvensters van die meeste DC-6A’s was bedek met metaaldeksels wat verwyder kon word sodat die vragweergawe weer in ’n passasiersweergawe omskep kon word.<ref name="fran"/> === DC-6B === [[Lêer:Dhahran 1952 DC6-B.jpg|duimnael|Douglas DC-6B met Double Wasp-enjins van 2400 perdekrag]] Die DC-6B het dieselfde afmetings as die DC-6A gehad, maar was vir die vervoer van passasiers geoptimaliseer en het dus nie die versterkte vloer en twee vragdeure van die vragvliegtuig gehad nie. Dieselfde reeks opsies as vir die DC-6A is aan klante gebied, naamlik Double Wasp-enjins met water-metanolinspuiting, brutomassa van tot 107&nbsp;000 kilogram en ’n brandstofvermoë van tot ongeveer 20&nbsp;866 liter. Die DC-6B het aanvanklik 52 sitplekke gehad en later 82 of selfs 102 vir huurvlugte. Baie DC-6B’s is, nadat hulle deur die hooflugvervoerders uit diens gestel is, in vragvliegtuie omskep deur die oorspronklike kajuitvloer met versterkte vloere te vervang. Sulke vliegtuie het ook óf een vragdeur (voor die vlerk) óf twee vragdeure aan die linkerkant van die romp gehad (hierdie vragdeure was voor en agter die vlerk). Twee DC-6B’s is ook omvattend deur die Ingenieursdepartement van Sabena gemodifiseer en toegerus met swaaisterte wat na regs geskarnier was (hulle konstruksienommers was 44434 en 45202). Die agterste deel van die romp en die stertoppervlakke is gemodifiseer. Een vliegtuig het na Spantax (44434, registrasienommer EC-BBK) in Spanje en die ander een het na Kar-Air O/Y (45202, registrasienommer OH-KDA) in Finland gegaan. Konstruksienommer 44434 is later N434TA geregistreer en deur Northern Air Cargo bedryf. Konstruksienommer 45202 is later N867TA geregistreer en ook deur Northern Air Cargo bedryf.<ref name="fran"/><ref name="roach">{{Cite book |last=Eastwood and Roach |first=Tony and John |title=Piston-Engined Airliner Production List |date=October 2002 |publisher=The Aviation Hobby Shop |year=2002 |isbn=0 907178 94 4 |location=West Drayton, Middlesex, England |pages=299, 306 |language=en}}</ref> == Die verskillende militêre variante van die DC-6 == [[Lêer:Partial view of a C-118B Liftmaster aircraft of Fleet Logistics Support Squadron 46 (VR-46) and a P-3C Orion aircraft of Patrol Squadron 8 (VP-8) on the flight line during the silve - DPLA - 55a99a9035bbc2e650132e791fb75977.jpeg|duimnael|Die stertdeel van 'n Douglas C-118B van die VSA-vloot word gesien.]] Die VC-118 is vir President Truman van Amerika gebruik en het die konstruksienommer 42881, reeksnommer 46505 en die naam ''Independence'' gehad. Hierdie vliegtuig is van 4 Julie 1947 tot Mei 1953 vir die President gebruik en daarna is dit as BBP-transportvliegtuig deur die Military Air Transport Service gebruik.<ref name="fran"/> Die Koreaanse Oorlog het daartoe aanleiding gegee dat die VSA se Departement van Verdediging ’n weergawe van die DC-6A as standaard- militêre transportvliegtuig vir sowel die USAF as die VSA-vloot aangeskaf het. Dit het bestaan uit 101 C-118A’s vir die USAF en 65 R6D-1’s vir die VSA-vloot (in September 1962 C-118B’s hernoem); 40 hiervan is na die USAF oorgeplaas). Die meeste van die C-118A’s en R6D-1’s was toegerus om 74 militêre passasiers in betreklik beskeie gemak of ongeveer 12245 kilogram se vrag te dra. Die kajuit van baie was egter ingerig om minder passasiers te vervoer in gerief wat min of meer dieselfde as dié van burgerlike lynvliegtuie was.<ref name="fran"/> Vyf-en-dertig van hierdie vliegtuie met weelderiger akkommodasie is as VC-118A’s deur die USAF benoem en vier as R6D-1Z’s vir die VSA-vloot (later VC-118B’s).<ref name="fran"/> C-118A’s wat vir mediese afvoer gemodifiseer is, was as MC-118A’s bekend en dié wat vir fotokartering gebruik is, is RC-118A’s genoem. Die MC-118A’s was toegerus vir 60 draagbare en hulle mediese versorgers. Twee ongewone modifikasies was die vliegtuie met die reeksnommers 53-3273 en 53-3283, wat as lugbevelsposte deur Temco in Texas gemodifiseer is. Nog ’n C-118A, die een met die reeksnommer 53-3245, het ’n EC-118A-toetsbed vir elektroniese toerusting geword.<ref name="fran"/> <gallery mode="packed"> Lêer:Douglas C-118A Liftmaster (2911123364).jpg|Douglas C-118A Liftmaster van die USAF Lêer:Douglas R6D-1 MATS in flight in the 1950s.jpeg|Douglas R6D-1 van die VSA-vloot Lêer:C-118B Liftmaster of VR-52 at NAS Rota 1976.JPEG|Douglas C-118B van die VSA-vloot Lêer:Douglas VC-118B in flight colour.jpg|Douglas VC-118B van die VSA-vloot </gallery> == Enjins == [[Lêer:9qcgz 2003-05-04 FAGM P5045725 shd25 600x450.jpg|duimnael|Die Douglas DC-6 met die registrasienommer 9Q-CGZ word op 4 Mei 2003 by die Randse Lughawe gesien.]] Die verskillende variante van die DC-6 het Pratt & Whitney R-2800- of Double Wasp- radiale enjins met ’n opstygstukrag van 2100 of 2200 perdekrag tot 2400 perdekrag of 2500 perdekrag gehad. Die hoër stukrag is verkry deur water-metanolinspuiting by opstyging te gebruik.<ref name="fran"/> == Getal vliegtuie geproduseer == Die produksiesyfer vir die DC-6 en sy variante was 704 eenhede. Al die variante van die DC-6 is by die Santa Monica-aanleg gebou. Die Douglas DC-6 is as die DC-6 (171), DC-6A (78), DC-6B (287), XC-112A (1), VC-118 (1), C-118A (101) en R6D-1 (65) gebou.<ref name="fran"/> == DC-6’e in diens van lugrederye == <gallery mode="packed"> Lêer:DC-6vhBPFlanding (4436510563).jpg|British Commonwealth Pacific Airlines DC-6 VH-BPF 28 Januarie 1952 Lêer:DC-6SPanagra1948 (4436794193).jpg|Panagra DC-6 NC8104H Oktober 1948 op Clover Field in Santa Monica Lêer:Douglas DC-6B Western Air Lines (5730865790).jpg|Western Air Lines DC-6B N91302 Januarie 1953 San Francisco </gallery> == Individuele DC-6-vliegtuie == AANTEKENINGE Waar ’n identiteitsnommer tussen hakies verskyn, beteken dit dat die bepaalde vliegtuig bestem was om daardie identiteit te hê, maar dat dit nie opgeneem is nie. Die inligting wat hierna volg, is verkry in die Piston-Engined Airliner Production List<ref name="roach"/> asook in die volgende uitgawes van die nuusbriewe van die Aviation Society of Africa: Januarie 1996, Mei 1996, Junie 1997, Julie 1997, Augustus 1997, September 1997 en Oktober 1997 en die African Air Review van Maart/April 1980, Mei/Junie 1980, Julie/Augustus 1980, September/Oktober 1981, Oktober/November/Desember 1985 en Januarie 1986. === Konstruksienommer 42881 === Die Douglas DC-6 met die konstruksienommer 42881 is as ’n C-118-DO gebou. Dit is op 1 Julie 1947 aan die USAAF afgelewer en is in ’n VC-118-DO omskep en die reeksnommer 46-0505 is aan die masjien toegeken. Die VC-118 is vir President Truman van Amerika gebruik en het die naam ''The Independence'' gehad. Hierdie vliegtuig is van 4 Julie 1947 tot Mei 1953 vir die President gebruik en daarna is dit as BBP-transportvliegtuig deur die Military Air Transport Service gebruik. As ''The Independence'' het die voorste gedeelte van die vliegtuig 24 sitplekke gehad wat in 12 beddens vir lede van die presidensiële personeel omskep kon word. Die agterste gedeelte van die kajuit was uitgerus as ’n presidensiële suite met ’n rusbank wat in ’n bed omskep kon word, ’n leunstoel en ’n konferensietafel. Nadat die vliegmasjien aan diens onttrek is, is dit aan die Smithsonian Institute geskenk. Tans word dit in die Nasionale Museum van die United States Air Force uitgestal.<gallery mode="packed"> Lêer:Photograph of President Truman's airplane, "The Independence," preparing to leave Washington to carry the President... - NARA - 200342.jpg|Die VC-118 van President Truman met die naam ''The Independence'' Lêer:View of the "Independence," the presidential airplane. President Truman and his party (distance view) are below... - NARA - 199692.jpg|''The Independence'' soos deur President Truman van Amerika gebruik Lêer:Douglas DC-6 VC-118-DO Liftmaster 'The Independence' (USAAF sn 46-0505, cn 42881) (5-22-2022).jpg|Die Truman VC-118 by die Nasionale Museum van die United States Air Force </gallery> === Konstruksienommer 43127 === Die Douglas DC-6 met die konstruksienommer 43127 het die identiteitsrekord (SE-BDI), VH-BPG, ZK-BGB, NZ3632, N254N, CF-PWP, N80MA, 9Q-CPL en EL-WNH (Julie 1997 op naam van Transair Cargo geregistreer). [[Lêer:Elwnh 1998-02-07 FALA 321 spot LR spot file 800x486.jpg|geen|duimnael|250x250px|Hier word die DC-6 met die konstruksienommer 43127 op 7 Februarie 1998 as EL-WNH by Lanseria gesien.]] === Konstruksienommer 43573 === Die vliegtuig met die konstruksienommer 43573 is op 18 Oktober 1952 as ’n C-118A met die reeksnommer 51-3826 aan die USAF afgelewer. Daarna het hy die volgende burgerlike registrasies gehad: N203G, N54G en 9Q-CGZ (Desember 1996/Januarie 1997 geregistreer). Uiteindelik is hierdie skroefvliegtuig aan diens onttrek en by die Randse Lughawe gestoor. <gallery mode="packed-hover"> Lêer:9qcgz 1997-07-00 FALA 068 resize.jpg|9Q-CGZ Julie 1997 Lanseria Lêer:9qcgz 2003-05-04 FAGM P5045479 shd50 600x450.jpg|9Q-CGZ 4 Mei 2003 Randse Lughawe </gallery> === Konstruksienommer 43681 === BuNo 131578 is op 27 Januarie 1953 as ’n R6D-1 aan die VSA-vloot afgelewer en is daarna in 1958 met die reeksnommer 51-17634 na die USAF oorgeplaas, maar is in 1964 as BuNo 131578 terug na die VSA-vloot. Die vlootbenoeming van die R6D-1’s was vanaf September 1962 C-118B. [[Lêer:C-118B (14207787683).jpg|geen|duimnael]] === Konstruksienommer 43740 === Die Douglas DC-6B met die konstruksienommer 43740 het die identiteitsrekord N8223H, F-OCYJ, OO-IFA, N799TA, 9J-AEP (in 1979 geregistreer) en N84AU (9J-AEP is in Oktober 1979 as N84AU uitgevoer). Die vliegtuig is op 18 Mei 1989 aan diens onttrek en in November 1990 by Lanseria opgebreek; die neusgedeelte het na die Suid-Afrikaanse Lugdiens-museumvereniging gegaan en is op ’n leningsgrondlag aan die SAL Tegnies-verfwerkswinkel gegee.<gallery mode="packed-hover"> Lêer:N84au 1981-05-10 FALA 102 resize.jpg|N84AU 10 Mei 1981 Lanseria Lêer:N84au 1991-01-26 FAJS 045 LR spot 800x486.jpg|Voordeel N84AU 26 Januarie 1991 </gallery> === Konstruksienommer 44635 === In die meegaande foto word die voordeel van die Douglas C-118 met die reeksnommer 53-3264 gesien. Hy het die konstruksienommer 44635 en is as ’n Douglas C-118A gebou en is op 13 April 1955 aan die USAF afgelewer. [[Lêer:C-118nosedtl (4437287074).jpg|geen|duimnael]] === Konstruksienommer 44639 === Die Douglas C-118 met die reeksnommer 53-3268 het die konstruksienommer 44639. Dit is as ’n Douglas C-118A gebou en is op 2 Mei 1955 aan die USAF afgelewer. [[Lêer:Douglas C-118A Liftmaster 53-3268 1705 ATG MATS.jpg|geen|duimnael]] === Konstruksienommer 44645 === Die Douglas C-118A met die konstruksienommer 44645 het die identiteitsrekord 53-3274, N50293, C-GKFF, TG-CGO, YV-501C, 9Q-CJP(2) (in 1996/1997 op naam van Transair Cargo geregistreer) en EL-WIL (in Julie/Augustus 1997 op naam van Transair Cargo geregistreer). Terwyl die masjien N50293 geregistreer was, is dit in ’n DC-6A omskep. Die vliegmasjien is as EL-WIL aan diens onttrek en gestoor.<gallery mode="packed-hover"> Lêer:9qcjp 1997-07-00 FALA 077 resize.jpg|9Q-CJP Julie 1997 Lanseria Lêer:Elwil 2003-12-30 FAGM 002 LRnuwe 600x450.jpg|EL-WIL 30 Des 2003 </gallery> === Konstruksienommer 44674 === Die C-118A met die reeksnommer 53-3303 het die konstruksienommer 44674 en is op 19 Desember 1955 aan die USAF afgelewer. Die vliegtuig word op 15 Julie 1967 gesien. Volgens die byskrif by die foto was dit die persoonlike transportvliegtuig van die Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR), wat op daardie tydstip Generaal Lyman L Lemnitzer was. [[Lêer:53-3303 C-118A USAF LPL 15JUL67 (5574943791).jpg|geen|duimnael]] === Konstruksienommer 45201 === Die Douglas DC-6B met die konstruksienommer 45201 het die identiteitsrekord  N576, SU-ANM, OY-STS, N515TS, ZS-MTE, 9Q-CMC(2) en 9Q-CJX(2) (in 1996/1997 op naam van Transair Cargo geregistreer). Terwyl die vliegtuig N515TS geregistreer was, is hy in Julie 1973 in ’n vragweergawe omskep.<gallery mode="packed-hover"> Lêer:Zsmte 1988-12-23 FAWB 330 dig dust LR 800x486.jpg|ZS-MTE 23 Desember 1988 Wonderboom Lêer:Zsmte 1992-01-04 FAWB 332 dig dust LR el 800x486.jpg|ZS-MTE 4 Januarie 1992 Wonderboom Lêer:9qcjx 2003-05-04 FAGM P5045717 crop 600x450.jpg|9Q-CJX 4 Mei 2003 Randse Lughawe </gallery> === Konstruksienommer 45319 === Die Douglas DC-6B met die konstruksienommer 45319 het die identiteitsrekord N578, SU-ANN, OY-STR, N515TR, N91BL, N34C en 9Q-CYO (in Desember 1996 geregistreer). Terwyl die masjien N515TR geregistreer was, is dit in Augustus 1973 in ’n vragvliegtuig omskep. [[Lêer:9qcyo 1997-07-11 FALA 084 resize.jpg|geen|duimnael|250x250px|Die Douglas DC-6B met die konstruksienommer 45319 word op 11 Julie 1997 as 9Q-CYO by Lanseria-lughawe gesien. Let op die dubbele vragdeur agter die vlerk.]] === Konstruksienommer 45329 === Die Douglas DC-6B met die konstruksienommer 45329 het die identiteitsrekord CF-CZV, SE-BDG, LN-SUT, OY-DRC, G-SIXB, 3D-ASA (in Mei 1980 op naam van Air Swaziland Beperk geregistreer), 3D-ASB (in 1981 op naam van Air Swaziland geregistreer) (deur Interocean Airways verkry, in November 1985 as onderdeelbron na Suid-Afrika gevlieg), N90300, C9-ASR, ZS-MUL, 9Q-CJE en ZS-XXX.<gallery mode="packed-hover"> Lêer:3dasa 1980-10-11 FALA 066 resize.jpg|3D-ASA 11 Oktober 1980 Lanseria Lêer:Zsmul 1992-01-04 FAWB 333 dust LR 800x486.jpg|ZS-MUL 4 Januarie 1992 Wonderboom </gallery> ==== Suid-Afrikaanse Lugdiens-museumvereniging ==== DC-6 ZS-XXX is vir ’n kort tydjie deur die Suid-Afrikaanse Lugdiens-museumvereniging besit. Die skroefvliegtuig is in 1998 verkry. Ná verskeie uitstappies na die Randse Lughawe om die vliegtuig te sien en daaraan te werk ten einde hom na Johannesburg Internasionale Lughawe te vlieg is ’n bemanning gevind om hom te vlieg. Die nodige vliegpermit is ook van die Burgerlugvaartowerheid van Suid-Afrika verkry. Vroeg op ’n somber Septemberoggend is die eerste stadium voltooi om die enjins te laat loop. Ná verskeie verwyderings en vervangings van vonkproppe van die nommerdrie-enjin het al vier Pratt & Whitney-enjins begin loop. Die vertrekdatum na Johannesburg Internasionale Lughawe (ICAO-kode FAJS) was 8 November 1998. Ná opstyging by die Randse Lughawe en ’n baie vinnige en lae verbyvlug was die nuwe vliegtuig by FAJS. Aangesien Swartkop die nuwe tuiste van die SAL-museumvereniging sou word, moes die DC-6 vir nog ’n vlug geneem word. Alles moontlik is gedoen om die vliegtuig respektabel te laat lyk, maar ’n aanbod is vir hom gedoen en hy het na nuwe eienaars gegaan. DC-6 ZS-XXX het vir die oorgrote deel van tien jaar agteruitgegaan. Hy het in 1998 by Swartkop aangekom en was vir die Suid-Afrikaanse Lugdiens-museumvereniging bestem. Die Vereniging het op daardie tydstip ’n loods by Swartkop beset en die SA Historiese Vlug het die Douglas DC-3 en DC-4’s vanaf Swartkop bedryf. Die Suid-Afrikaanse Lugmag het egter gedurende 2005 die area nodig gekry toe die nabygeleë Lugmagbasis Waterkloof se fasiliteite opgeknap moes word en al die eskaders terug na Swartkop moes verskuif. Die SA Historiese Vlug en die SAL-museumvereniging is gedwing om die perseel te ontruim. Die SAL-museumvereniging het voor die uitdaging te staan gekom om die DC-6 van Swartkop af te vlieg of hom per pad te verskuif. Albei opsies was egter te duur vir die SAL-museumvereniging en hulle het besluit om die vliegtuig te verkoop.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dc-6.co.za/45329.htm|title=With the SAA Museum Society|website=The Douglas DC-6 Association of South Africa: Individual Aircraft History Construction number 45329|access-date=27 March 2026}}</ref> [[Lêer:DC-6 ZS-XXX (Now ZS-MUL) (12349319344).jpg|geen|duimnael|250x250px|Douglas DC-6B ZS-XXX op 1 Julie 1999 te Swartkop.]] ==== Nuwe eienaars ==== Peter Bauman, ’n entoesias, het op die ou end met die vliegtuig gesit. Toe hy egter te staan kom kom voor die stygende koste wat met die vliegtuig se lang verblyf by Swartkop verband hou, het hy besluit om die masjien aan die Suid-Afrikaanse Lugmag-museum aan te bied. Daardie museum het egter die aanbod van die hand gewys. Dit het gelyk asof die enige ander opsie was om weg te doen met die vliegtuig. Toe Witold Walus en Willie Muntingh, twee sakevennote en geesdriftige versamelaars, van die vliegtuig te hore kom, het hulle ’n aanbod gemaak om hom te koop. Die Lugmag wou die vliegtuig wegkry van Swartkop af, en Witold en Willie het ’n ambisieuse plan beraam om die vliegtuig van Swartkop af na hulle kleinhoewe noord van Pretoria te vlieg, waar hy as hekwag by die ingang van hulle sakeperseel sou pryk. Dit sou die konstruksie van ’n landingstrook oor verskeie aangrensende kleinhoewes behels om die vliegtuig se aankoms daar te akkommodeer. Die eerste tegniese inspeksie van die vliegtuig aan die einde van 2008 het professionele advies ingesluit dat die tuig eerder per pad verskuif moet word om onnodige koste te vermy. Die vliegtuig het vir tien jaar stilgestaan en sou aansienlike tegniese aandag benodig. Die opsie om hom per pad te verskuif sou egter beteken dat die hoofspar gesny moet word sodat die vlerke verwyder kan word. Volgens Witold sou dit die skroefvliegtuig nutteloos maak, wat die einde van die vliegtuig sou beteken. En so is daar besluit dat die vliegtuig van Swartkop af gevlieg sou word. ’n Ervare DC-6-ingenieur, Mike Mayers, is gewerf en sy span het met die vervelige werk begin om die vliegtuig so te herstel dat hy na die kleinhoewe gevlieg sou kon word. Baie uitdagings is die hoof gebied, en daar was steeds ’n paar wat oorbrug moes word, maar die geesdriftige Witold en Willie het by hulle besluit gebly om hierdie geskiedkundige vliegtuig te bewaar. Vir sy vlug na die kleinhoewe is die DC-6 ZS-MUL geregistreer en op 4 Desember 2010 na sy nuwe tuiste gevlieg.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dc-6.co.za/45329.htm|title=EMPRESS OF SUVA – SAVED Suva’s Saviour|last=Steyn|first=Leon|date=11 October 2010|website=The Douglas DC-6 Association of South Africa Individual Aircraft History Construction number 45329|access-date=27 March 2026}}</ref> In die twee meegaande foto’s word die enjins van die vliegtuig op 20 Julie 2010 by Swartkop laat loop. <gallery mode="packed-hover"> Lêer:Zsxxx 2010-07-20 FASK DSC 4861 Jaws 600x399.jpg|ZS-XXX 20 Julie 2010 Swartkop Lêer:Zsxxx 2010-07-20 FASK DSC 4887 Jaws 600x399.jpg|ZS-XXX 20 Julie 2010 Swartkop </gallery> == Verwysings == {{verwysings}} {{Normdata}} [[Kategorie:Douglas-vliegtuie]] [[Kategorie:Passasiersvliegtuie]] [[Kategorie:Vragvliegtuie]] t7omce9rlksj53t8mszstv5a6hpf52b 2917012 2917011 2026-07-11T14:43:57Z Aliwal2012 39067 /* Nuwe eienaars */ nog 2917012 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infoboks-Vliegtuig |naam= Douglas DC-6 |beeld= Lêer:Western Airlines DC-6.tif |byskrif= 'n Douglas DC-6B van Western Airlines, Okt. 1956 |tipe= Lugdiens- en vragvliegtuig |vervaardiger=[[Douglas Aircraft Company]] |ontwerper= |eerste vlug=15 Februarie 1946 |bekendstelling= Maart 1947 met [[American Airlines]] en [[United Airlines]] |vrygestel= |onttrek= |status= In beperkte gebruik |hoofgebruiker= [[Pan Am]] |meer gebruikers= |vervaardig= 1946–1958 |aantal gebou= 704 |programkoste= |eenheidskoste= |ontwikkel van= [[Douglas DC-4]] |variante met eie artikels= }} Die '''Douglas DC-6''' is 'n [[Skroef (lugvaart)|skroefaangedrewe]] passasiers- en vragvliegtuig wat van 1946 tot 1958 deur die [[Douglas Aircraft Company]] gebou is. Oorspronklik bedoel as 'n militêre vervoermiddel teen die einde van die [[Tweede Wêreldoorlog]], het Douglas dit ná die oorlog herontwerp om met die Lockheed Constellation in die langafstand- kommersiële vervoermark mee te ding. Douglas het meer as 700 gebou, en baie vlieg steeds in vrag-, militêre en veldbrandbeheerrolle. Die DC-6 was bekend as die C-118 Liftmaster in die [[Amerikaanse Lugmag]] en as die R6D in die [[Amerikaanse Vloot]] voor 1962, waarna alle Amerikaanse Vloot-variante ook as die C-118 aangewys is. Die lugrederye wat nie die Lockheed Constellation bestel het nie, het gevind dat die XC-112A, die militêre prototipe van die DC-6, goed in hulle behoefte aan ’n drukvaste lynvliegtuig kon voorsien. Gevolglik het [[American Airlines]] en [[United Airlines]] die bal aan die rol gesit deur eerste die DC-6 te bestel.<ref name="fran">{{Cite book |last=Francillon |first=René |title=SKYLEADERS DC-1 through DC-7: The Douglas propliners |date=July 2011 |publisher=Haynes Publishing |year=2011 |isbn=978 0 85733 157 1 |location=Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset, UK |pages=253-260 |language=en}}</ref> == Burgerlike variante van die DC-6 == Die DC-6 is in drie hoof- burgerlike weergawes, naamlik die DC-6, die DC-6A en die DC-6B, gebou.<ref name="fran"/> === DC-6 === [[Lêer:ABA Aircraft SE-BDA in 1940's.jpg|duimnael|Douglas DC-6 SE-BDA in die laat-1940’s]] Die gewig van die DC-6 het volgens klante se spesifikasie gewissel, naamlik van 87,900 tot 98,800 kilogram en die brandstofvermoë het van ongeveer 12&nbsp;574 liter (in agt tenks) tot ongeveer 18&nbsp;671 liter (in tien tenks) gewissel. Die meeste DC-6’e het aanvanklik 50 sitplekke gehad (twee weerskante van die gang); daar was ook ’n driesitplekrusbank aan die agterkant van die passasierskajuit. Die sitplekke is later tot 68 en toe 86 verhoog (deur die vliegtuig met vyf sitplekke langs mekaar toe te rus en die afstand tussen die sitplekke te verminder). Sommige DC-6-vliegtuie is in vragweergawes omskep: hulle kajuittoebehore is verwyder en ’n versterkte kajuitvloer en ’n groot hoofdekvragdeur is geïnstalleer.<ref name="fran"/> === DC-6A === [[Lêer:327 Cameron Corps personnel at Kandahar - USACE-p15141coll5-15728.jpeg|duimnael|Die Douglas DC-6A met die registrasienommer YA-DAN van Ariana Afghan Airlines het die konstruksienommer 44259.]] Die DC-6A het kragtiger weergawes van die Double Wasp-enjins met water-metanolinspuiting gehad. Die romp van die DC-6A was langer en ruimer en die vliegtuig het ’n verhoogde maksimum massa, groter brandstofvermoë en beter werkverrigting as die DC-6 gehad. Die eerste weergawes van hierdie nuwe model is geoptimaliseer as ’n vragvliegtuig wat ’n versterkte kajuitvloer gehad het en twee vragdeure aan die linkerkant van die romp gehad het. Die afmetings van hierdie deure was 2,01 meter by ongeveer 3,2 meter; een was voor die vlerk en die ander een agter die vlerk. Daar was ook ’n hystoestel wat aan een van die vragdeure geheg kon word en aan boord die vliegtuig gestoor kon word wanneer dit nie in gebruik is nie. Voor die agterste vragdeur was daar ook ’n toegangsdeur vir passasiers. Die kajuitvensters van die meeste DC-6A’s was bedek met metaaldeksels wat verwyder kon word sodat die vragweergawe weer in ’n passasiersweergawe omskep kon word.<ref name="fran"/> === DC-6B === [[Lêer:Dhahran 1952 DC6-B.jpg|duimnael|Douglas DC-6B met Double Wasp-enjins van 2400 perdekrag]] Die DC-6B het dieselfde afmetings as die DC-6A gehad, maar was vir die vervoer van passasiers geoptimaliseer en het dus nie die versterkte vloer en twee vragdeure van die vragvliegtuig gehad nie. Dieselfde reeks opsies as vir die DC-6A is aan klante gebied, naamlik Double Wasp-enjins met water-metanolinspuiting, brutomassa van tot 107&nbsp;000 kilogram en ’n brandstofvermoë van tot ongeveer 20&nbsp;866 liter. Die DC-6B het aanvanklik 52 sitplekke gehad en later 82 of selfs 102 vir huurvlugte. Baie DC-6B’s is, nadat hulle deur die hooflugvervoerders uit diens gestel is, in vragvliegtuie omskep deur die oorspronklike kajuitvloer met versterkte vloere te vervang. Sulke vliegtuie het ook óf een vragdeur (voor die vlerk) óf twee vragdeure aan die linkerkant van die romp gehad (hierdie vragdeure was voor en agter die vlerk). Twee DC-6B’s is ook omvattend deur die Ingenieursdepartement van Sabena gemodifiseer en toegerus met swaaisterte wat na regs geskarnier was (hulle konstruksienommers was 44434 en 45202). Die agterste deel van die romp en die stertoppervlakke is gemodifiseer. Een vliegtuig het na Spantax (44434, registrasienommer EC-BBK) in Spanje en die ander een het na Kar-Air O/Y (45202, registrasienommer OH-KDA) in Finland gegaan. Konstruksienommer 44434 is later N434TA geregistreer en deur Northern Air Cargo bedryf. Konstruksienommer 45202 is later N867TA geregistreer en ook deur Northern Air Cargo bedryf.<ref name="fran"/><ref name="roach">{{Cite book |last=Eastwood and Roach |first=Tony and John |title=Piston-Engined Airliner Production List |date=October 2002 |publisher=The Aviation Hobby Shop |year=2002 |isbn=0 907178 94 4 |location=West Drayton, Middlesex, England |pages=299, 306 |language=en}}</ref> == Die verskillende militêre variante van die DC-6 == [[Lêer:Partial view of a C-118B Liftmaster aircraft of Fleet Logistics Support Squadron 46 (VR-46) and a P-3C Orion aircraft of Patrol Squadron 8 (VP-8) on the flight line during the silve - DPLA - 55a99a9035bbc2e650132e791fb75977.jpeg|duimnael|Die stertdeel van 'n Douglas C-118B van die VSA-vloot word gesien.]] Die VC-118 is vir President Truman van Amerika gebruik en het die konstruksienommer 42881, reeksnommer 46505 en die naam ''Independence'' gehad. Hierdie vliegtuig is van 4 Julie 1947 tot Mei 1953 vir die President gebruik en daarna is dit as BBP-transportvliegtuig deur die Military Air Transport Service gebruik.<ref name="fran"/> Die Koreaanse Oorlog het daartoe aanleiding gegee dat die VSA se Departement van Verdediging ’n weergawe van die DC-6A as standaard- militêre transportvliegtuig vir sowel die USAF as die VSA-vloot aangeskaf het. Dit het bestaan uit 101 C-118A’s vir die USAF en 65 R6D-1’s vir die VSA-vloot (in September 1962 C-118B’s hernoem); 40 hiervan is na die USAF oorgeplaas). Die meeste van die C-118A’s en R6D-1’s was toegerus om 74 militêre passasiers in betreklik beskeie gemak of ongeveer 12245 kilogram se vrag te dra. Die kajuit van baie was egter ingerig om minder passasiers te vervoer in gerief wat min of meer dieselfde as dié van burgerlike lynvliegtuie was.<ref name="fran"/> Vyf-en-dertig van hierdie vliegtuie met weelderiger akkommodasie is as VC-118A’s deur die USAF benoem en vier as R6D-1Z’s vir die VSA-vloot (later VC-118B’s).<ref name="fran"/> C-118A’s wat vir mediese afvoer gemodifiseer is, was as MC-118A’s bekend en dié wat vir fotokartering gebruik is, is RC-118A’s genoem. Die MC-118A’s was toegerus vir 60 draagbare en hulle mediese versorgers. Twee ongewone modifikasies was die vliegtuie met die reeksnommers 53-3273 en 53-3283, wat as lugbevelsposte deur Temco in Texas gemodifiseer is. Nog ’n C-118A, die een met die reeksnommer 53-3245, het ’n EC-118A-toetsbed vir elektroniese toerusting geword.<ref name="fran"/> <gallery mode="packed"> Lêer:Douglas C-118A Liftmaster (2911123364).jpg|Douglas C-118A Liftmaster van die USAF Lêer:Douglas R6D-1 MATS in flight in the 1950s.jpeg|Douglas R6D-1 van die VSA-vloot Lêer:C-118B Liftmaster of VR-52 at NAS Rota 1976.JPEG|Douglas C-118B van die VSA-vloot Lêer:Douglas VC-118B in flight colour.jpg|Douglas VC-118B van die VSA-vloot </gallery> == Enjins == [[Lêer:9qcgz 2003-05-04 FAGM P5045725 shd25 600x450.jpg|duimnael|Die Douglas DC-6 met die registrasienommer 9Q-CGZ word op 4 Mei 2003 by die Randse Lughawe gesien.]] Die verskillende variante van die DC-6 het Pratt & Whitney R-2800- of Double Wasp- radiale enjins met ’n opstygstukrag van 2100 of 2200 perdekrag tot 2400 perdekrag of 2500 perdekrag gehad. Die hoër stukrag is verkry deur water-metanolinspuiting by opstyging te gebruik.<ref name="fran"/> == Getal vliegtuie geproduseer == Die produksiesyfer vir die DC-6 en sy variante was 704 eenhede. Al die variante van die DC-6 is by die Santa Monica-aanleg gebou. Die Douglas DC-6 is as die DC-6 (171), DC-6A (78), DC-6B (287), XC-112A (1), VC-118 (1), C-118A (101) en R6D-1 (65) gebou.<ref name="fran"/> == DC-6’e in diens van lugrederye == <gallery mode="packed"> Lêer:DC-6vhBPFlanding (4436510563).jpg|British Commonwealth Pacific Airlines DC-6 VH-BPF 28 Januarie 1952 Lêer:DC-6SPanagra1948 (4436794193).jpg|Panagra DC-6 NC8104H Oktober 1948 op Clover Field in Santa Monica Lêer:Douglas DC-6B Western Air Lines (5730865790).jpg|Western Air Lines DC-6B N91302 Januarie 1953 San Francisco </gallery> == Individuele DC-6-vliegtuie == AANTEKENINGE Waar ’n identiteitsnommer tussen hakies verskyn, beteken dit dat die bepaalde vliegtuig bestem was om daardie identiteit te hê, maar dat dit nie opgeneem is nie. Die inligting wat hierna volg, is verkry in die Piston-Engined Airliner Production List<ref name="roach"/> asook in die volgende uitgawes van die nuusbriewe van die Aviation Society of Africa: Januarie 1996, Mei 1996, Junie 1997, Julie 1997, Augustus 1997, September 1997 en Oktober 1997 en die African Air Review van Maart/April 1980, Mei/Junie 1980, Julie/Augustus 1980, September/Oktober 1981, Oktober/November/Desember 1985 en Januarie 1986. === Konstruksienommer 42881 === Die Douglas DC-6 met die konstruksienommer 42881 is as ’n C-118-DO gebou. Dit is op 1 Julie 1947 aan die USAAF afgelewer en is in ’n VC-118-DO omskep en die reeksnommer 46-0505 is aan die masjien toegeken. Die VC-118 is vir President Truman van Amerika gebruik en het die naam ''The Independence'' gehad. Hierdie vliegtuig is van 4 Julie 1947 tot Mei 1953 vir die President gebruik en daarna is dit as BBP-transportvliegtuig deur die Military Air Transport Service gebruik. As ''The Independence'' het die voorste gedeelte van die vliegtuig 24 sitplekke gehad wat in 12 beddens vir lede van die presidensiële personeel omskep kon word. Die agterste gedeelte van die kajuit was uitgerus as ’n presidensiële suite met ’n rusbank wat in ’n bed omskep kon word, ’n leunstoel en ’n konferensietafel. Nadat die vliegmasjien aan diens onttrek is, is dit aan die Smithsonian Institute geskenk. Tans word dit in die Nasionale Museum van die United States Air Force uitgestal.<gallery mode="packed"> Lêer:Photograph of President Truman's airplane, "The Independence," preparing to leave Washington to carry the President... - NARA - 200342.jpg|Die VC-118 van President Truman met die naam ''The Independence'' Lêer:View of the "Independence," the presidential airplane. President Truman and his party (distance view) are below... - NARA - 199692.jpg|''The Independence'' soos deur President Truman van Amerika gebruik Lêer:Douglas DC-6 VC-118-DO Liftmaster 'The Independence' (USAAF sn 46-0505, cn 42881) (5-22-2022).jpg|Die Truman VC-118 by die Nasionale Museum van die United States Air Force </gallery> === Konstruksienommer 43127 === Die Douglas DC-6 met die konstruksienommer 43127 het die identiteitsrekord (SE-BDI), VH-BPG, ZK-BGB, NZ3632, N254N, CF-PWP, N80MA, 9Q-CPL en EL-WNH (Julie 1997 op naam van Transair Cargo geregistreer). [[Lêer:Elwnh 1998-02-07 FALA 321 spot LR spot file 800x486.jpg|geen|duimnael|250x250px|Hier word die DC-6 met die konstruksienommer 43127 op 7 Februarie 1998 as EL-WNH by Lanseria gesien.]] === Konstruksienommer 43573 === Die vliegtuig met die konstruksienommer 43573 is op 18 Oktober 1952 as ’n C-118A met die reeksnommer 51-3826 aan die USAF afgelewer. Daarna het hy die volgende burgerlike registrasies gehad: N203G, N54G en 9Q-CGZ (Desember 1996/Januarie 1997 geregistreer). Uiteindelik is hierdie skroefvliegtuig aan diens onttrek en by die Randse Lughawe gestoor. <gallery mode="packed-hover"> Lêer:9qcgz 1997-07-00 FALA 068 resize.jpg|9Q-CGZ Julie 1997 Lanseria Lêer:9qcgz 2003-05-04 FAGM P5045479 shd50 600x450.jpg|9Q-CGZ 4 Mei 2003 Randse Lughawe </gallery> === Konstruksienommer 43681 === BuNo 131578 is op 27 Januarie 1953 as ’n R6D-1 aan die VSA-vloot afgelewer en is daarna in 1958 met die reeksnommer 51-17634 na die USAF oorgeplaas, maar is in 1964 as BuNo 131578 terug na die VSA-vloot. Die vlootbenoeming van die R6D-1’s was vanaf September 1962 C-118B. [[Lêer:C-118B (14207787683).jpg|geen|duimnael]] === Konstruksienommer 43740 === Die Douglas DC-6B met die konstruksienommer 43740 het die identiteitsrekord N8223H, F-OCYJ, OO-IFA, N799TA, 9J-AEP (in 1979 geregistreer) en N84AU (9J-AEP is in Oktober 1979 as N84AU uitgevoer). Die vliegtuig is op 18 Mei 1989 aan diens onttrek en in November 1990 by Lanseria opgebreek; die neusgedeelte het na die Suid-Afrikaanse Lugdiens-museumvereniging gegaan en is op ’n leningsgrondlag aan die SAL Tegnies-verfwerkswinkel gegee.<gallery mode="packed-hover"> Lêer:N84au 1981-05-10 FALA 102 resize.jpg|N84AU 10 Mei 1981 Lanseria Lêer:N84au 1991-01-26 FAJS 045 LR spot 800x486.jpg|Voordeel N84AU 26 Januarie 1991 </gallery> === Konstruksienommer 44635 === In die meegaande foto word die voordeel van die Douglas C-118 met die reeksnommer 53-3264 gesien. Hy het die konstruksienommer 44635 en is as ’n Douglas C-118A gebou en is op 13 April 1955 aan die USAF afgelewer. [[Lêer:C-118nosedtl (4437287074).jpg|geen|duimnael]] === Konstruksienommer 44639 === Die Douglas C-118 met die reeksnommer 53-3268 het die konstruksienommer 44639. Dit is as ’n Douglas C-118A gebou en is op 2 Mei 1955 aan die USAF afgelewer. [[Lêer:Douglas C-118A Liftmaster 53-3268 1705 ATG MATS.jpg|geen|duimnael]] === Konstruksienommer 44645 === Die Douglas C-118A met die konstruksienommer 44645 het die identiteitsrekord 53-3274, N50293, C-GKFF, TG-CGO, YV-501C, 9Q-CJP(2) (in 1996/1997 op naam van Transair Cargo geregistreer) en EL-WIL (in Julie/Augustus 1997 op naam van Transair Cargo geregistreer). Terwyl die masjien N50293 geregistreer was, is dit in ’n DC-6A omskep. Die vliegmasjien is as EL-WIL aan diens onttrek en gestoor.<gallery mode="packed-hover"> Lêer:9qcjp 1997-07-00 FALA 077 resize.jpg|9Q-CJP Julie 1997 Lanseria Lêer:Elwil 2003-12-30 FAGM 002 LRnuwe 600x450.jpg|EL-WIL 30 Des 2003 </gallery> === Konstruksienommer 44674 === Die C-118A met die reeksnommer 53-3303 het die konstruksienommer 44674 en is op 19 Desember 1955 aan die USAF afgelewer. Die vliegtuig word op 15 Julie 1967 gesien. Volgens die byskrif by die foto was dit die persoonlike transportvliegtuig van die Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR), wat op daardie tydstip Generaal Lyman L Lemnitzer was. [[Lêer:53-3303 C-118A USAF LPL 15JUL67 (5574943791).jpg|geen|duimnael]] === Konstruksienommer 45201 === Die Douglas DC-6B met die konstruksienommer 45201 het die identiteitsrekord  N576, SU-ANM, OY-STS, N515TS, ZS-MTE, 9Q-CMC(2) en 9Q-CJX(2) (in 1996/1997 op naam van Transair Cargo geregistreer). Terwyl die vliegtuig N515TS geregistreer was, is hy in Julie 1973 in ’n vragweergawe omskep.<gallery mode="packed-hover"> Lêer:Zsmte 1988-12-23 FAWB 330 dig dust LR 800x486.jpg|ZS-MTE 23 Desember 1988 Wonderboom Lêer:Zsmte 1992-01-04 FAWB 332 dig dust LR el 800x486.jpg|ZS-MTE 4 Januarie 1992 Wonderboom Lêer:9qcjx 2003-05-04 FAGM P5045717 crop 600x450.jpg|9Q-CJX 4 Mei 2003 Randse Lughawe </gallery> === Konstruksienommer 45319 === Die Douglas DC-6B met die konstruksienommer 45319 het die identiteitsrekord N578, SU-ANN, OY-STR, N515TR, N91BL, N34C en 9Q-CYO (in Desember 1996 geregistreer). Terwyl die masjien N515TR geregistreer was, is dit in Augustus 1973 in ’n vragvliegtuig omskep. [[Lêer:9qcyo 1997-07-11 FALA 084 resize.jpg|geen|duimnael|250x250px|Die Douglas DC-6B met die konstruksienommer 45319 word op 11 Julie 1997 as 9Q-CYO by Lanseria-lughawe gesien. Let op die dubbele vragdeur agter die vlerk.]] === Konstruksienommer 45329 === Die Douglas DC-6B met die konstruksienommer 45329 het die identiteitsrekord CF-CZV, SE-BDG, LN-SUT, OY-DRC, G-SIXB, 3D-ASA (in Mei 1980 op naam van Air Swaziland Beperk geregistreer), 3D-ASB (in 1981 op naam van Air Swaziland geregistreer) (deur Interocean Airways verkry, in November 1985 as onderdeelbron na Suid-Afrika gevlieg), N90300, C9-ASR, ZS-MUL, 9Q-CJE en ZS-XXX.<gallery mode="packed-hover"> Lêer:3dasa 1980-10-11 FALA 066 resize.jpg|3D-ASA 11 Oktober 1980 Lanseria Lêer:Zsmul 1992-01-04 FAWB 333 dust LR 800x486.jpg|ZS-MUL 4 Januarie 1992 Wonderboom </gallery> ==== Suid-Afrikaanse Lugdiens-museumvereniging ==== DC-6 ZS-XXX is vir ’n kort tydjie deur die Suid-Afrikaanse Lugdiens-museumvereniging besit. Die skroefvliegtuig is in 1998 verkry. Ná verskeie uitstappies na die Randse Lughawe om die vliegtuig te sien en daaraan te werk ten einde hom na Johannesburg Internasionale Lughawe te vlieg is ’n bemanning gevind om hom te vlieg. Die nodige vliegpermit is ook van die Burgerlugvaartowerheid van Suid-Afrika verkry. Vroeg op ’n somber Septemberoggend is die eerste stadium voltooi om die enjins te laat loop. Ná verskeie verwyderings en vervangings van vonkproppe van die nommerdrie-enjin het al vier Pratt & Whitney-enjins begin loop. Die vertrekdatum na Johannesburg Internasionale Lughawe (ICAO-kode FAJS) was 8 November 1998. Ná opstyging by die Randse Lughawe en ’n baie vinnige en lae verbyvlug was die nuwe vliegtuig by FAJS. Aangesien Swartkop die nuwe tuiste van die SAL-museumvereniging sou word, moes die DC-6 vir nog ’n vlug geneem word. Alles moontlik is gedoen om die vliegtuig respektabel te laat lyk, maar ’n aanbod is vir hom gedoen en hy het na nuwe eienaars gegaan. DC-6 ZS-XXX het vir die oorgrote deel van tien jaar agteruitgegaan. Hy het in 1998 by Swartkop aangekom en was vir die Suid-Afrikaanse Lugdiens-museumvereniging bestem. Die Vereniging het op daardie tydstip ’n loods by Swartkop beset en die SA Historiese Vlug het die Douglas DC-3 en DC-4’s vanaf Swartkop bedryf. Die Suid-Afrikaanse Lugmag het egter gedurende 2005 die area nodig gekry toe die nabygeleë Lugmagbasis Waterkloof se fasiliteite opgeknap moes word en al die eskaders terug na Swartkop moes verskuif. Die SA Historiese Vlug en die SAL-museumvereniging is gedwing om die perseel te ontruim. Die SAL-museumvereniging het voor die uitdaging te staan gekom om die DC-6 van Swartkop af te vlieg of hom per pad te verskuif. Albei opsies was egter te duur vir die SAL-museumvereniging en hulle het besluit om die vliegtuig te verkoop.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dc-6.co.za/45329.htm|title=With the SAA Museum Society|website=The Douglas DC-6 Association of South Africa: Individual Aircraft History Construction number 45329|access-date=27 March 2026}}</ref> [[Lêer:DC-6 ZS-XXX (Now ZS-MUL) (12349319344).jpg|geen|duimnael|250x250px|Douglas DC-6B ZS-XXX op 1 Julie 1999 te Swartkop.]] ==== Nuwe eienaars ==== Peter Bauman, ’n entoesias, het op die ou einde met die vliegtuig gesit. Toe hy egter te staan kom voor die stygende koste wat met die vliegtuig se lang verblyf by Swartkop verband hou, het hy besluit om die tuig aan die Suid-Afrikaanse Lugmag-museum aan te bied. Daardie museum het egter die aanbod van die hand gewys. Dit het gelyk asof die enige ander opsie was om weg te doen met die vliegtuig. Toe Witold Walus en Willie Muntingh, twee sakevennote en geesdriftige versamelaars, van die vliegtuig te hore kom, het hulle ’n aanbod gemaak om hom te koop. Die Lugmag wou die vliegtuig wegkry van Swartkop af, en Witold en Willie het ’n ambisieuse plan beraam om die vliegtuig van Swartkop af na hulle kleinhoewe noord van Pretoria te vlieg, waar hy as hekwag by die ingang van hulle sakeperseel sou pryk. Dit sou die konstruksie van ’n landingstrook oor verskeie aangrensende kleinhoewes behels om die vliegtuig se aankoms daar te akkommodeer. Die eerste tegniese inspeksie van die vliegtuig aan die einde van 2008 het professionele advies ingesluit dat die tuig eerder per pad verskuif moet word om onnodige koste te vermy. Die vliegtuig het vir tien jaar stilgestaan en sou aansienlike tegniese aandag benodig. Die opsie om hom per pad te verskuif sou egter beteken dat die hoofspar gesny moet word sodat die vlerke verwyder kan word. Volgens Witold sou dit die skroefvliegtuig nutteloos maak, wat die einde van die vliegtuig sou beteken. En so is daar besluit dat die vliegtuig van Swartkop af gevlieg sou word. ’n Ervare DC-6-ingenieur, Mike Mayers, is gewerf en sy span het met die vervelige werk begin om die vliegtuig so te herstel dat hy na die kleinhoewe gevlieg sou kon word. Baie uitdagings is die hoof gebied, en daar was steeds ’n paar wat oorbrug moes word, maar die geesdriftige Witold en Willie het by hulle besluit gebly om hierdie geskiedkundige vliegtuig te bewaar. Vir sy vlug na die kleinhoewe is die DC-6 ZS-MUL geregistreer en op 4 Desember 2010 na sy nuwe tuiste gevlieg.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dc-6.co.za/45329.htm|title=EMPRESS OF SUVA – SAVED Suva’s Saviour|last=Steyn|first=Leon|date=11 October 2010|website=The Douglas DC-6 Association of South Africa Individual Aircraft History Construction number 45329|access-date=27 March 2026}}</ref> In die twee meegaande foto’s word die enjins van die vliegtuig op 20 Julie 2010 by Swartkop laat loop. <gallery mode="packed-hover"> Lêer:Zsxxx 2010-07-20 FASK DSC 4861 Jaws 600x399.jpg|ZS-XXX 20 Julie 2010 Swartkop Lêer:Zsxxx 2010-07-20 FASK DSC 4887 Jaws 600x399.jpg|ZS-XXX 20 Julie 2010 Swartkop </gallery> == Verwysings == {{verwysings}} {{Normdata}} [[Kategorie:Douglas-vliegtuie]] [[Kategorie:Passasiersvliegtuie]] [[Kategorie:Vragvliegtuie]] eans9oj3ki3ujsm8bxtcrnkleuwc7s1 0 462884 2916986 2913749 2026-07-11T12:24:59Z Aliwal2012 39067 2916986 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infoboks Grand Prix wedren verslag |Type = F1 |Country = Monaco |Grand Prix = Monaco |Image = Circuit de Monaco 1976.png |Official name = |Previous_round = 1980 Belgiese Grand Prix |Next_round = 1980 Franse Grand Prix |Date = 18 Mei |Year = 1980 |Race_No = 6 |Season_No = 14 |Location = [[Circuit de Monaco]] |Course = Straatrenbaan |Course_mi = 2.057 |Course_km = 3.312 |Distance_laps = 76 |Distance_mi = 156.406 |Distance_km = 251.712 |Weather = Droog |Pole_Driver = Didier Pironi |Pole_Team = [[Equipe Ligier|Ligier]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] |Pole_Time = 1:24.813 |Pole_Country = Frankryk |Fast_Driver = [[Carlos Reutemann]] |Fast_Team = [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] |Fast_Time = 1:27.418 |Fast_Lap = 40 |Fast_Country = Argentinië |First_Driver = [[Carlos Reutemann]] |First_Team = [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] |First_Country = Argentinië |Second_Driver = [[Jacques Laffite]] |Second_Team = [[Equipe Ligier|Ligier]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] |Second_Country = Frankryk |Third_Driver = [[Nelson Piquet]] |Third_Team = [[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] |Third_Country = Brasilië |third_flag_suffix = 1968 |Lapchart = {{F1Laps1980|MON}} }} Die '''[[1980 Formule Een-seisoen|1980]] [[Formule 1]] [[Monaco Grand Prix]]''' is op [[18 Mei]] [[1980]] in [[Monaco]] gehou. ==Uitslag== {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;" |- ! Plek !! Nr. !! Renjaer !! Span !! Rondes !! Tyd/Rede vir uitval !! Rooster !! Punte |- ! 1 | 28 | {{AR-VLAG}} '''[[Carlos Reutemann]]''' | '''[[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]''' | 76 | 1:55:34.365 | 2 | '''9''' |- ! 2 | 26 | {{FR-VLAG}} '''[[Jacques Laffite]]''' | '''[[Equipe Ligier|Ligier]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]''' | 76 | +1:13.629 | 5 | '''6''' |- ! 3 | 5 | {{BR-VLAG}} '''[[Nelson Piquet]]''' | '''[[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]''' | 76 | +1:17.726 | 4 | '''4''' |- ! 4 | 30 | {{DE-VLAG}} '''[[Jochen Mass]]''' | '''[[Arrows]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]''' | 75 | +1 Ronde | 15 | '''3''' |- ! 5 | 2 | {{CA-VLAG}} '''[[Gilles Villeneuve]]''' | '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]''' | 75 | +1 Ronde | 6 | '''2''' |- ! 6 | 20 | {{BR-VLAG}} '''[[Emerson Fittipaldi]]''' | '''Fittipaldi-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]''' | 74 | +2 Rondes | 18 | '''1''' |- ! 7 | 11 | {{US-VLAG}} [[Mario Andretti]] | [[Team Lotus (1958-1994)|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] | 73 | +3 Rondes | 19 | |- ! 8 | 29 | {{IT-VLAG}} [[Riccardo Patrese]] | [[Arrows]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] | 73 | +3 Rondes | 11 | |- ! 9 | 12 | {{IT-VLAG}} Elio de Angelis | [[Team Lotus (1958-1994)|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] | 68 | Ongeluk | 14 | |- ! NC | 9 | {{NL-VLAG}} Jan Lammers | ATS-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] | 64 | Nie geklassifiseer | 13 |} {{F1GP 1980–1989}} [[Kategorie:Monaco Grand Prix]] 2rivosg4qj0d6v5hicr5ntxygx90sak 0 462967 2916983 2913059 2026-07-11T12:15:31Z Aliwal2012 39067 /* Uitslag */ 2916983 wikitext text/x-wiki Die '''[[1980 Formule Een-seisoen|1980]] [[Argentynse Grand Prix]]''' was 'n [[Formule Een]]wedren wat op [[13 Januarie]] 1980 in [[Argentinië]] se hoofstad [[Buenos Aires]] plaasgevind het. ==Uitslag== {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;" |- ! Plek !! Nr !! Renjaer !! Span !! Rondtes !! Tyd/Rede !! Roosterplek !! Punte |- ! 1 | 27 | {{AU-VLAG}} '''[[Alan Jones]]''' | '''[[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]''' | 53 | 1:43:24.38 | 1 | '''9''' |- ! 2 | 5 | {{BR-VLAG}} '''[[Nelson Piquet]]''' | '''[[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]''' | 53 | +24.59 | 4 | '''6''' |- ! 3 | 21 | {{FI-VLAG}} '''[[Keke Rosberg]]''' | '''Fittipaldi-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]''' | 53 | +1:18.64 | 13 | '''4''' |- ! 4 | 4 | {{IE-VLAG}} '''[[Derek Daly]]''' | '''[[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]''' | 53 | +1:23.48 | 22 | '''3''' |- ! 5 | 23 | {{IT-VLAG}} '''[[Bruno Giacomelli]]''' | '''[[Alfa Romeo (Formule 1)|Alfa Romeo]]''' | 52 | +1 Ronde | 20 | '''2''' |- ! 6 | 8 | {{FR-VLAG}} '''[[Alain Prost]]''' | '''[[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]''' | 52 | +1 Ronde | 12 | '''1''' |- ! 7 | 6 | {{AR-VLAG}} [[Ricardo Zunino]] | [[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] | 51 | +2 Rondes | 16 | |- ! NF | 22 | {{FR-VLAG}} [[Patrick Depailler]] | [[Alfa Romeo (Formule 1)|Alfa Romeo]] | 46 | Enjin | 23 | |- ! NF | 1 | [[Beeld:Flag of South Africa (1928–1994).svg|20px]] [[Jody Scheckter]] | [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] | 45 | Enjin | 11 | |- |} {{F1GP 1980–1989}} [[Kategorie:Argentynse Grand Prix]] 3j3r9hz17zcv7uon09netjy95r3h007 0 462969 2916990 2915395 2026-07-11T12:45:37Z Aliwal2012 39067 2916990 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infoboks Grand Prix wedren verslag |Type = F1 |Country = Verenigde State |Grand Prix = Verenigde State Wes |GP_Suffix = Grand Prix |Official name = Toyota Grand Prix of Long Beach |Fulldate = 15 Maart |Year = 1981 |Image = Long Beach 1978-1981.png |Race_No = 1 |Season_No = 15 |Previous_round= 1980 Verenigde State Grand Prix |Next_round = 1981 Brasiliaanse Grand Prix |Location = [[Long Beach]] |Course = Tydelike renbaan |Course_mi = 2.02 |Course_km = 3.251 |Distance_laps = 80 |Distance_mi = 161.60 |Distance_km = 260.08 |Weather = Sonnig en warm<ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.almanac.com/weather/history/CA/Long%20Beach/1981-03-15|title=Weather information for the "1981 United States Grand Prix West"|publisher=The Old Farmers' Almanac|access-date=September 9, 2014|archive-date=May 30, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200530101140/https://www.almanac.com/weather/history/CA/Long%20Beach/1981-03-15|url-status=dead}}</ref> |Pole_Driver = {{vlagikoon|Italië}} [[Riccardo Patrese]] |Pole_Team = [[Arrows]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] |Pole_Time = 1:19.399 |Fast_Driver = {{vlagikoon|AUS}} [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]] |Fast_Team = [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] |Fast_Time = 1:20.901 |Fast_Lap = 31 |First_Driver = {{vlagikoon|AUS}} [[Alan Jones]] |First_Team = [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] |Second_Driver = {{vlagikoon|Argentinië}} [[Carlos Reutemann]] |Second_Team = [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] |Third_Driver = {{vlagikoon|Brasilië}} [[Nelson Piquet]] |Third_Team = [[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] }} Die '''[[1981 Formule Een-seisoen|1981]] Verenigde State Wes Grand Prix''' is op 15 Maart in [[Long Beach]] gehou. Dit was die openingswedren van die seisoen. == Renuitslag == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%" ! Plek ! Nr. ! Renjaer ! Vervaardiger ! Rondes ! Tyd ! Rooster ! Punte |- ! 1 | 1 | {{AU-VLAG}} '''Alan Jones''' | '''[[Williams F1|Williams]]'''-'''[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]''' | 80 | 1:50:41.33 | 2 | '''9''' |- ! 2 | 2 | {{AR-VLAG}} '''[[Carlos Reutemann]]''' | '''[[Williams F1|Williams]]'''-'''[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]''' | 80 | + 9.19 | 3 | '''6''' |- ! 3 | 5 | {{BR-VLAG}} '''[[Nelson Piquet]]''' | '''[[Brabham]]'''-'''[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]''' | 80 | + 34.92 | 4 | '''4''' |- ! 4 | 22 | {{US-VLAG}} '''[[Mario Andretti]]''' | '''[[Alfa Romeo (Formule 1)|Alfa Romeo]]''' | 80 | + 49.31 | 6 | '''3''' |- ! 5 | 3 | {{US-VLAG}} '''[[Eddie Cheever]]''' | '''[[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]'''-'''[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]''' | 80 | + 1:06.70 | 8 | '''2''' |- ! 6 | 33 | {{FR-VLAG}} '''Patrick Tambay''' | '''Theodore'''-'''[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]''' | 79 | + 1 Ronde | 17 | '''1''' |- ! 7 | 21 | {{BR-VLAG}} Chico Serra | Fittipaldi-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] | 78 | + 2 Rondes | 18 | &nbsp; |- ! 8 | 16 | {{FR-VLAG}} [[René Arnoux]] | [[Renault F1|Renault]] | 77 | + 3 Rondes | 20 | &nbsp; |- ! NF | 14 | {{CH-VLAG}} Marc Surer | Ensign-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] | 70 | Brandstofstelsel | 19 | &nbsp; |- |} {{F1GP 1980–1989}} == Verwysings == {{verwysings}} 8fdeat6gt9ryq3r9tgtqb1xsnla6y6s 0 462971 2916985 2913284 2026-07-11T12:22:07Z Aliwal2012 39067 2916985 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infoboks Grand Prix wedren verslag |Type = F1 |Country = Verenigde State |Grand Prix = Verenigde State Wes |GP_Suffix = Grand Prix |Official name = Toyota Grand Prix of Long Beach |Date = 30 Maart |Year = 1980 |Image = Long Beach 1978-1981.png |Race_No = 4 |Season_No = 14 |Previous_round= 1980 Suid-Afrikaanse Grand Prix |Next_round = 1980 Belgiese Grand Prix |Location = [[Long Beach]] |Course = Tydelike renbaan |Course_mi = 2.02 |Course_km = 3.251 |Distance_laps = 80 |Distance_mi = 161.60 |Distance_km = 260.08 |Weather = Sonnig en warm |Pole_Driver = {{flagicon|Brazil|1968}} [[Nelson Piquet]] |Pole_Team = [[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] |Pole_Time = 1:17.694 |Fast_Driver = {{flagicon|Brazil|1968}} [[Nelson Piquet]] |Fast_Team = [[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] |Fast_Time = 1:19.83 |Fast_Lap = 38 |First_Driver = {{flagicon|Brazil|1968}} [[Nelson Piquet]] |First_Team = [[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] |Second_Driver = {{flagicon|IT}} [[Riccardo Patrese]] |Second_Team = [[Arrows]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] |Third_Driver = {{flagicon|Brazil|1968}} [[Emerson Fittipaldi]] |Third_Team = Fittipaldi-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] }} Die '''[[1980 Formule Een-seisoen|1980]] Verenigde State Wes Grand Prix''' is op 30 Maart in [[Long Beach]] gehou. Dit was die vierde wedren van die seisoen. == Renuitslag == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%" ! Plek ! Nr. ! Renjaer ! Vervaardiger ! Rondes ! Tyd ! Rooster ! Punte |- ! 1 | 5 | {{BR-VLAG}} '''[[Nelson Piquet]]''' | '''[[Brabham]]'''-'''[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]''' | 80 | 1:50:19.4 | 1 | '''9''' |- ! 2 | 29 | {{IT-VLAG}} '''[[Riccardo Patrese]]''' | '''[[Arrows]]'''-'''[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]''' | 80 | +49.212 | 8 | '''6''' |- ! 3 | 20 | {{BR-VLAG}} '''[[Emerson Fittipaldi]]''' | '''Fittipaldi'''-'''[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]''' | 80 | +1:18.563 | 24 | '''4''' |- ! 4 | 7 | {{GB-VLAG}} '''[[John Watson]]''' | '''[[McLaren]]'''-'''[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]''' | 79 | +1 Ronde | 21 | '''3''' |- ! 5 | 1 | [[Beeld:Flag of South Africa 1928-1994.svg|20px]] '''[[Jody Scheckter]]''' | '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]''' | 79 | +1 Ronde | 16 | '''2''' |- ! 6 | 25 | {{FR-VLAG}} '''[[Didier Pironi]]''' | '''[[Ligier]]'''-'''[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]''' | 79 | +1 Ronde | 9 | '''1''' |- ! 7 | 30 | {{DE-VLAG}} [[Jochen Mass]] | [[Arrows]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] | 79 | +1 Ronde | 17 | |- ! 8 | 4 | {{IE-VLAG}} [[Derek Daly]] | [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] | 79 | +1 Ronde | 14 | |- ! 9 | 16 | {{FR-VLAG}} [[René Arnoux]] | [[Renault F1|Renault]] | 78 | +2 Rondes | 2 | |- ! 10 | 15 | {{FR-VLAG}} [[Jean-Pierre Jabouille]] | [[Renault F1|Renault]] | 71 | +9 Rondes | 11 | |} {{F1GP 1980–1989}} rr0dwom6593co9j4flyqy7n8qcwo8rv 0 463140 2916989 2913761 2026-07-11T12:41:14Z Aliwal2012 39067 /* Uitslag */ 2916989 wikitext text/x-wiki Die '''[[1981 Formule Een-seisoen|1981]] [[Formule 1]] [[Belgiese Grand Prix]]''' is op [[17 Mei]] [[1981]] op [[Zolder-renbaan|Zolder]] gehou. ==Uitslag== {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;" |- ! Plek !! Nr. !! Renjaer !! Span !! Rondes !! Tyd/Rede vir uitval !! Rooster !! Punte |- ! 1 | 2 | {{AR-VLAG}} '''[[Carlos Reutemann]]''' | '''[[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]''' | 54 | 1:16:31.61 | 1 | '''9''' |- ! 2 | 26 | {{FR-VLAG}} '''[[Jacques Laffite]]''' | '''[[Ligier]]-Matra''' | 54 | + 36.06 s | 9 | '''6''' |- ! 3 | 12 | {{GB-VLAG}} '''[[Nigel Mansell]]''' | '''[[Team Lotus (1958-1994)|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]''' | 54 | + 43.69 s | 10 | '''4''' |- ! 4 | 27 | {{CA-VLAG}} '''[[Gilles Villeneuve]]''' | '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]''' | 54 | + 47.64 s | 7 | '''3''' |- ! 5 | 11 | {{IT-VLAG}} '''[[Elio de Angelis]]''' | '''[[Team Lotus (1958-1994)|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]''' | 54 | + 49.20 s | 14 | '''2''' |- ! 6 | 3 | {{US-VLAG}} '''[[Eddie Cheever]]''' | '''[[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]''' | 54 | + 52.51 s | 8 | '''1''' |- ! 7 | 7 | {{GB-VLAG}} [[John Watson]] | [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] | 54 | + 1:01.66 | 5 | |- ! 8 | 28 | {{FR-VLAG}} [[Didier Pironi]] | [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] | 54 | + 1:32.04 | 3 | |- ! 9 | 23 | {{IT-VLAG}} [[Bruno Giacomelli]] | [[Alfa Romeo (Formule 1)|Alfa Romeo]] | 54 | + 1:35.58 | 17 | |- ! 10 | 22 | {{US-VLAG}} [[Mario Andretti]] | [[Alfa Romeo (Formule 1)|Alfa Romeo]] | 53 | + 1 Ronde | 18 | |- ! 11 | 14 | {{CH-VLAG}} [[Marc Surer]] | Ensign-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] | 52 | + 2 Rondes | 15 | |- ! 12 | 4 | {{IT-VLAG}} [[Michele Alboreto]] | [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] | 52 | + 2 Rondes | 19 | |- ! 13 | 31 | {{IT-VLAG}} [[Piercarlo Ghinzani]] | Osella-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] | 50 | + 4 Rondes | 24 | |- ! DNF | 6 | {{MX-VLAG}} [[Héctor Rebaque]] | [[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] | 39 | Ongeluk | 21 | |- ! DNF | 25 | {{FR-VLAG}} [[Jean-Pierre Jabouille]] | [[Ligier]]-Matra | 35 | Transmissie | 16 | |- ! DNF | 21 | {{BR-VLAG}} [[Chico Serra]] | Fittipaldi-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] | 29 | Enjin | 20 | |- ! DNF | 32 | {{IT-VLAG}} [[Beppe Gabbiani]] | Osella-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] | 22 | Enjin | 22 | |- ! DNF | 1 | {{AU-VLAG}} [[Alan Jones]] | [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] | 19 | Ongeluk | 6 | |- ! DNF | 8 | {{IT-VLAG}} [[Andrea de Cesaris]] | [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] | 11 | Ratkas | 23 | |- ! DNF | 5 | {{BR-VLAG}} [[Nelson Piquet]] | [[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] | 10 | Ongeluk | 2 | |- ! DNF | 20 | {{FI-VLAG}} [[Keke Rosberg]] | Fittipaldi-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] | 10 | Ratkas | 11 | |- ! DNF | 15 | {{FR-VLAG}} [[Alain Prost]] | [[Renault F1|Renault]] | 2 | Koppeling | 12 | |- ! DNF | 29 | {{IT-VLAG}} [[Riccardo Patrese]] | [[Arrows]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] | 0 | Botsing | 4 | |- ! DNF | 30 | {{IT-VLAG}} [[Siegfried Stohr]] | [[Arrows]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] | 0 | Botsing | 13 |} {{F1GP 1980–1989}} [[Kategorie:Belgiese Grand Prix]] [[Kategorie:Sport in 1981|België]] 2eoh3pnk1w2qmnbz3c1bdtadb9ptkt1 0 463376 2916991 2915006 2026-07-11T12:59:36Z Aliwal2012 39067 2916991 wikitext text/x-wiki Die '''[[1981 Formule Een-seisoen|1981]] [[Formule Een]] [[Britse Grand Prix]]''' is op 18 Julie op die [[Silverstone-renbaan]] in Silverstone, [[Brittanje]] gehou. Dit was die tiende wedren van die kampioenskapseisoen gewees. == Uitslag == {| style="font-size: 95%;" class="wikitable sortable" ! Plek ! Nr. ! Renjaer ! Span ! Rondtes ! Tyd/Oorsaak uitval ! Roosterplek ! Punte |- ! 1 | 7 | {{GB-VLAG}} '''[[John Watson]]''' | '''[[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]''' | 68 | 1:26:54.80 | 5 | '''9''' |- ! 2 | 2 | {{AR-VLAG}} '''[[Carlos Reutemann]]''' | '''[[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]''' | 68 | + 40.65 | 9 | '''6''' |- ! 3 | 26 | {{FR-VLAG}} '''[[Jacques Laffite]]''' | '''[[Ligier]]-Matra''' | 67 | + 1 Ronde | 14 | '''4''' |- ! 4 | 3 | {{US-VLAG}} '''[[Eddie Cheever]]''' | '''[[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]''' | 67 | + 1 Ronde | 23 | '''3''' |- ! 5 | 6 | {{MX-VLAG}} '''[[Héctor Rebaque]]''' | '''[[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]''' | 67 | + 1 Ronde | 13 | '''2''' |- ! 6 | 9 | {{SE-VLAG}} '''[[Slim Borgudd]]''' | '''[[ATS F1|ATS]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]''' | 67 | + 1 Ronde | 21 | '''1''' |- ! 7 | 17 | {{IE-VLAG}} [[Derek Daly]] | [[March Engineering|March]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] | 66 | + 2 Rondes | 17 | &nbsp; |- ! 8 | 32 | {{FR-VLAG}} [[Jean-Pierre Jarier]] | [[Osella]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] | 65 | + 3 Rondes | 20 | &nbsp; |- ! 9 | 16 | {{FR-VLAG}} [[René Arnoux]] | [[Renault F1|Renault]] | 64 | Verdeler | 1 | &nbsp; |- ! 10 | 29 | {{IT-VLAG}} [[Riccardo Patrese]] | [[Arrows]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] | 64 | Enjin | 10 | &nbsp; |- ! 11 | 33 | {{CH-VLAG}} [[Marc Surer]] | [[Theodore Racing|Theodore]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] | 61 | Sonder brandstof | 24 | &nbsp; |- ! NF | 22 | {{US-VLAG}} [[Mario Andretti]] | [[Alfa Romeo (Formule 1)|Alfa Romeo]] | 59 | Petrolpedaal | 11 | &nbsp; |- ! NF | 20 | {{FI-VLAG}} [[Keke Rosberg]] | [[Fittipaldi Automotive|Fittipaldi]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] | 56 | Suspensie | 16 | &nbsp; |- ! DQ | 11 | {{IT-VLAG}} [[Elio de Angelis]] | [[Team Lotus (1958-1994)|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] | 25 | Gediskwalifiseer | 22 | &nbsp; |- ! NF | 15 | {{FR-VLAG}} [[Alain Prost]] | [[Renault F1|Renault]] | 17 | Verdeler | 2 | &nbsp; |- ! NF | 25 | {{FR-VLAG}} [[Patrick Tambay]] | [[Ligier]]-[[Matra (automerk)|Matra]] | 15 | Koppeling | 15 | &nbsp; |- ! NF | 28 | {{FR-VLAG}} [[Didier Pironi]] | [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] | 13 | Turbo | 4 | &nbsp; |- ! NF | 5 | {{BR-VLAG}} [[Nelson Piquet]] | [[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] | 11 | Bande | 3 | &nbsp; |- ! NF | 23 | {{IT-VLAG}} [[Bruno Giacomelli]] | [[Alfa Romeo (Formule 1)|Alfa Romeo]] | 5 | Transmissie | 12 | &nbsp; |- ! NF | 27 | {{CA-VLAG}} [[Gilles Villeneuve]] | [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] | 4 | Tol | 8 | &nbsp; |- ! NF | 1 | {{AU-VLAG}}[[Alan Jones]] | [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] | 3 | Botsing | 7 | &nbsp; |- ! NF | 8 | {{IT-VLAG}} [[Andrea de Cesaris]] | [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] | 3 | Tol | 6 | &nbsp; |- ! NF | 4 | {{IT-VLAG}} [[Michele Alboreto]] | [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] | 1 | Koppeling | 19 | &nbsp; |- ! NF | 30 | {{IT-VLAG}} [[Siegfried Stohr]] | [[Arrows]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] | 8 | Tol | 18 | &nbsp; |- |} {{F1GP 1980–1989}} [[Kategorie:Britse Grand Prix]] 2ibrlxac6wxw6gr6m82gik9cz5305li 2916992 2916991 2026-07-11T13:00:14Z Aliwal2012 39067 2916992 wikitext text/x-wiki Die '''[[1981 Formule Een-seisoen|1981]] [[Formule Een]] [[Britse Grand Prix]]''' is op 18 Julie op die [[Silverstone-renbaan]] in Silverstone, [[Brittanje]] gehou. Dit was die negende wedren van die kampioenskapseisoen gewees. == Uitslag == {| style="font-size: 95%;" class="wikitable sortable" ! Plek ! Nr. ! Renjaer ! Span ! Rondtes ! Tyd/Oorsaak uitval ! Roosterplek ! Punte |- ! 1 | 7 | {{GB-VLAG}} '''[[John Watson]]''' | '''[[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]''' | 68 | 1:26:54.80 | 5 | '''9''' |- ! 2 | 2 | {{AR-VLAG}} '''[[Carlos Reutemann]]''' | '''[[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]''' | 68 | + 40.65 | 9 | '''6''' |- ! 3 | 26 | {{FR-VLAG}} '''[[Jacques Laffite]]''' | '''[[Ligier]]-Matra''' | 67 | + 1 Ronde | 14 | '''4''' |- ! 4 | 3 | {{US-VLAG}} '''[[Eddie Cheever]]''' | '''[[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]''' | 67 | + 1 Ronde | 23 | '''3''' |- ! 5 | 6 | {{MX-VLAG}} '''[[Héctor Rebaque]]''' | '''[[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]''' | 67 | + 1 Ronde | 13 | '''2''' |- ! 6 | 9 | {{SE-VLAG}} '''[[Slim Borgudd]]''' | '''[[ATS F1|ATS]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]''' | 67 | + 1 Ronde | 21 | '''1''' |- ! 7 | 17 | {{IE-VLAG}} [[Derek Daly]] | [[March Engineering|March]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] | 66 | + 2 Rondes | 17 | &nbsp; |- ! 8 | 32 | {{FR-VLAG}} [[Jean-Pierre Jarier]] | [[Osella]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] | 65 | + 3 Rondes | 20 | &nbsp; |- ! 9 | 16 | {{FR-VLAG}} [[René Arnoux]] | [[Renault F1|Renault]] | 64 | Verdeler | 1 | &nbsp; |- ! 10 | 29 | {{IT-VLAG}} [[Riccardo Patrese]] | [[Arrows]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] | 64 | Enjin | 10 | &nbsp; |- ! 11 | 33 | {{CH-VLAG}} [[Marc Surer]] | [[Theodore Racing|Theodore]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] | 61 | Sonder brandstof | 24 | &nbsp; |- ! NF | 22 | {{US-VLAG}} [[Mario Andretti]] | [[Alfa Romeo (Formule 1)|Alfa Romeo]] | 59 | Petrolpedaal | 11 | &nbsp; |- ! NF | 20 | {{FI-VLAG}} [[Keke Rosberg]] | [[Fittipaldi Automotive|Fittipaldi]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] | 56 | Suspensie | 16 | &nbsp; |- ! DQ | 11 | {{IT-VLAG}} [[Elio de Angelis]] | [[Team Lotus (1958-1994)|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] | 25 | Gediskwalifiseer | 22 | &nbsp; |- ! NF | 15 | {{FR-VLAG}} [[Alain Prost]] | [[Renault F1|Renault]] | 17 | Verdeler | 2 | &nbsp; |- ! NF | 25 | {{FR-VLAG}} [[Patrick Tambay]] | [[Ligier]]-[[Matra (automerk)|Matra]] | 15 | Koppeling | 15 | &nbsp; |- ! NF | 28 | {{FR-VLAG}} [[Didier Pironi]] | [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] | 13 | Turbo | 4 | &nbsp; |- ! NF | 5 | {{BR-VLAG}} [[Nelson Piquet]] | [[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] | 11 | Bande | 3 | &nbsp; |- ! NF | 23 | {{IT-VLAG}} [[Bruno Giacomelli]] | [[Alfa Romeo (Formule 1)|Alfa Romeo]] | 5 | Transmissie | 12 | &nbsp; |- ! NF | 27 | {{CA-VLAG}} [[Gilles Villeneuve]] | [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] | 4 | Tol | 8 | &nbsp; |- ! NF | 1 | {{AU-VLAG}}[[Alan Jones]] | [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] | 3 | Botsing | 7 | &nbsp; |- ! NF | 8 | {{IT-VLAG}} [[Andrea de Cesaris]] | [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] | 3 | Tol | 6 | &nbsp; |- ! NF | 4 | {{IT-VLAG}} [[Michele Alboreto]] | [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] | 1 | Koppeling | 19 | &nbsp; |- ! NF | 30 | {{IT-VLAG}} [[Siegfried Stohr]] | [[Arrows]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] | 8 | Tol | 18 | &nbsp; |- |} {{F1GP 1980–1989}} [[Kategorie:Britse Grand Prix]] kd6rjuldeso1d6o5s9zd13bw6esndxh 0 463396 2916988 2915070 2026-07-11T12:34:38Z Aliwal2012 39067 +foto vanaf en:wp geneem 2916988 wikitext text/x-wiki Die '''[[1980 Formule Een-seisoen|1980 Formule Een]] [[Nederlandse Grand Prix]]''' is op [[31 Augustus]] [[1980]] op die [[Zandvoort-renbaan]] in [[Nederland]] gehou. Dit was die elfde wedren van die kampioenskapseisoen gewees. ==Uitslag== [[Lêer:Arnoux at 1980 Dutch Grand Prix.jpg|duimnael|Arnoux wedywer vir vierde plek by die halfpadmerk]] {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;" |- ! Plek ! Nr. ! Renjaer ! Span ! Rondtes ! Tyd / Oorsaak uitval ! Rooster ! Punte |- ! 1 | 5 | {{BR-VLAG}} '''[[Nelson Piquet]]''' | '''[[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]''' | 72 | 1:38:13.83 | 5 | '''9''' |- ! 2 | 16 | {{FR-VLAG}} '''[[René Arnoux]]''' | '''[[Renault F1|Renault]]''' | 72 | +12.93 | 1 | '''6''' |- ! 3 | 26 | {{FR-VLAG}} '''[[Jacques Laffite]]''' | '''[[Ligier]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]''' | 72 | +13.43 | 6 | '''4''' |- ! 4 | 28 | {{AR-VLAG}} '''[[Carlos Reutemann]]''' | '''[[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]''' | 72 | +15.29 | 3 | '''3''' |- ! 5 | 3 | {{FR-VLAG}} '''[[Jean-Pierre Jarier]]''' | '''[[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]''' | 72 | +1:00.02 | 17 | '''2''' |- ! 6 | 8 | {{FR-VLAG}} '''[[Alain Prost]]''' | '''[[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]''' | 72 | +1:22.62 | 18 | '''1''' |- ! 7 | 2 | {{CA-VLAG}} [[Gilles Villeneuve]] | [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] | 71 | +1 Ronde | 7 | |- ! 8 | 11 | {{US-VLAG}} [[Mario Andretti]] | [[Team Lotus (1958-1994)|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] | 70 | Sonder brandstof | 10 | |- ! 9 | 1 | [[Beeld:Flag of South Africa 1928-1994.svg|20px]] [[Jody Scheckter]] | [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] | 70 | +2 Rondes | 12 | |- ! 10 | 9 | {{CH-VLAG}} [[Marc Surer]] | ATS-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] | 69 | +3 Rondes | 20 | |- ! 11 | 27 | {{AU-VLAG}} [[Alan Jones]] | [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] | 69 | +3 Rondes | 4 | |- |} {{F1GP 1980–1989}} [[Kategorie:Nederlandse Grand Prix]] 6nevi7bl5ll93cvsn07u6a77enenyj1 0 463678 2917092 2916748 2026-07-12T11:05:46Z Sobaka 328 /* Bewerings */ bywerk 2917092 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Lêer:Dooieinternetteorie.png|duimnael|KI-gegenereerde voorstelling van die digitale ekosisteem van robotte en inhoud op die internet.]] Die '''dooie-internetteorie''', ook soms genoem die '''dooie-internet-teorie''',<ref>ook verwys na as die '''dooie internet''' of as die '''dooie internet-samesweringsteorie'''. Soms afgekort in [[Engels]] as '''DIT'''.</ref> is 'n konsep wat beweer dat die [[internet]] hoofsaaklik bestaan uit [[Internetbot|bot]]-aktiwiteit en outomatiese inhoud wat deur [[Algoritme|algoritmiese]] samestelling gemanipuleer word. Oorspronklik bedink as 'n [[samesweringsteorie]] wat beweer dat die verskynsel 'n gekoördineerde poging is om die bevolking te beheer en ware menslike interaksie te verminder, word die konsep ook in die omgangstaal gebruik om die impak van generatiewe [[kunsmatige intelligensie]] (KI) te beskryf en slegs die kernwaarnemings te beklemtoon sonder om oor die dryfkragte te spekuleer.<ref name="Atlantic" /><ref name="DAO2023">{{cite book |last=Dao |first=Bridgit |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MKPREAAAQBAJ |title=The Metaweb The Next Level of the Internet |date=2023 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=9781000960495 |access-date=1 Maart 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240319181803/https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Metaweb/MKPREAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0 |archive-date=19 Maart 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Berghel2026" /><ref name="Boatwright2026" /> Ondersteuners van die volledige teorie beweer dat sosiale robotte doelbewus geskep is om algoritmes te manipuleer en soekresultate te verbeter om verbruikers te beïnvloed.<ref name="Mariani2023">{{cite journal |last=Mariani |first=Robert |date=2023 |title=The Dead Internet to Come |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27244117 |url-status=live |journal=The New Atlantis |volume=73 |issue=73 |pages=34–42 |jstor=27244117 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240123081249/https://www.jstor.org/stable/27244117 |archive-date=23 Januarie 2024 |access-date=23 Januarie 2024}}</ref><ref name="Gonzales1">{{cite news |last=Gonzales III |first=Vic |date=28 Junie 2023 |title=The Internet is Dead: The Truth Behind the Dead Internet Theory |url=https://capiz-news.com/the-internet-is-dead-the-truth-behind-the-dead-internet-theory/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704030116/https://capiz-news.com/the-internet-is-dead-the-truth-behind-the-dead-internet-theory/ |archive-date=4 Julie 2023 |access-date=4 Julie 2023 |agency=Capiz News}}</ref> Sommige voorstanders beskuldig ook regeringsagentskappe daarvan dat hulle robotte gebruik om openbare persepsie en menings te vorm.<ref name="Atlantic">{{Cite web |last=Tiffany |first=Kaitlyn |date=2021-08-31 |title=Maybe You Missed It, but the Internet 'Died' Five Years Ago |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2021/08/dead-internet-theory-wrong-but-feels-true/619937/ |url-access = subscription |access-date=2023-03-06 |website=The Atlantic |language=en |archive-date=2023-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306110843/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2021/08/dead-internet-theory-wrong-but-feels-true/619937/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Mariani2023" /><ref name="Renzella2024">{{cite news |last1=Renzella |first1=Jake |last2=Rozova |first2=Vlada |title=The 'dead internet theory' makes eerie claims about an AI-run web. The truth is more sinister |url=https://www.unsw.edu.au/newsroom/news/2024/05/-the-dead-internet-theory-makes-eerie-claims-about-an-ai-run-web-the-truth-is-more-sinister |access-date=21 Junie 2024 |publisher=University of New South Wales |date=20 Mei 2024}}</ref> Die dooie internetteorie het hernieude belangstelling gekry na die KI-oplewing wat in die 2020's begin het, met [[groot taalmodel]] (GTM)-[[kletsbot]]te en teks-na-beeld-modelle wat na vore gekom het as tegnologieë wat teoreties mensgeskrewe inhoud op die web kan oordonder.<ref name="Bloomberg2025">{{cite news |last=Lapowsky |first=Issie |date=8 Mei 2025 |title=Maybe Al Slop Is Killing the Internet, After All |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-05-08/maybe-ai-slop-is-killing-the-internet-after-all |work=Bloomberg News |url-access=subscription |access-date=26 Augustus 2025 |archive-url= |archive-date= |quote= Die dooie internet-teorie het in 2021 gewild geword na 'n plasing van 'n gebruiker genaamd IlluminatiPirate op 'n obskure aanlyn forum. IlluminatiPirate het aangevoer dat die internet 'n groot, onmenslike woesteny geword het, gevul met algoritmies geoptimaliseerde nabootsings. Die teorie het die hele ding blameer op 'n geheime regeringsameswering, wat dit maklik gemaak het om af te wys. Maar die koms van gereedskap soos ChatGPT en Midjourney het dit pontuit profeties laat lyk. Sosiale media voel vreemder. Soektog voel erger. Hele KI-gegenereerde nuusnetwerke het oornag ontstaan. Meta Platforms Inc. voorsien 'n toekoms waar KI betrokke is by die skep van 'n aansienlike deel van die plasings op Facebook en Instagram. Webwerwe soos [[Wikipedia]] buig onder die gewig van KI-kruipers wat rondkruip op hul bladsye, op soek na vars inligting om hul modelle te voed. Dit alles skep 'n terugvoerlus, waar KI-gegenereerde inhoud geskep word om KI-aangedrewe aanbevelingstelsels tevrede te stel, wat dreig om mense in omstanders te verander.}}</ref><ref name="Time2025"/><ref name="Forbes2025">{{cite news |last=Murray |first=Conor |date=13 Oktober 2025 |title=Ohanian And Altman Warn Of 'Dead Internet Theory'—What Is It And How Is AI Making It Happen? |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/conormurray/2025/10/13/ohanian-and-altman-warn-of-dead-internet-theory-what-is-it-and-how-is-ai-making-it-happen/ |work=Forbes |access-date=14 Februarie 2026 |quote= Reddit-medestigter Alexis Ohanian en OpenAI-medestigter [[Sam Altman]] het die afgelope weke op sosiale media gewaarsku teen die "Dooie Internetteorie", 'n idee dat die internet oorheers word deur botaktiwiteit in plaas van mense - maar kenners wat die idee eens as 'n samesweringsteorie afgemaak het, waarsku dat dit eintlik wettig kan wees te midde van die opkoms van kunsmatige intelligensie.}}</ref> <ref name="Ruiz2025">{{cite book |last=Diaz Ruiz |first=Carlos |chapter-url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/oa-mono/10.4324/9781003506676-9/bots-talking-bots-carlos-diaz-ruiz |title=Market-Oriented Disinformation Research |publisher=Routledge |year=2025 |isbn=9781003506676 |location=UK |pages=196–218 |chapter=Bots Talking to Bots: Synthetic Media, AI-Generated Content, and the “Dead Internet” Conspiracy Theory |doi=10.4324/9781003506676 |access-date=6 November 2025}}</ref> In die tyd sedertdien het [[sosiale media]]-webwerwe 'n gemete toename in bot-aktiwiteit gesien, soos algoritmiese feeds wat lae-gehalte [[KI-slop]] vertoon ten koste van gebruikersgegenereerde inhoud.<ref name="Wired2024">{{cite magazine |last=Knibbs |first=Kate |date=28 Oktober 2024 |title=AI Slop Is Flooding Medium |url=https://www.wired.com/story/ai-generated-medium-posts-content-moderation/ |magazine=Wired |access-date=14 Februarie 2026 |quote=Dit dui ook op 'n toekoms waarin die Dooie Internet-teorie tot stand kom. Die teorie, eens die domein van uiters aanlyn samesweringsdenkers, voer aan dat die oorgrote meerderheid van die internet sonder regte mense en mensgemaakte plasings is, maar eerder verstop is met KI-gegenereerde gemors en robotte. Namate generatiewe KI-instrumente meer algemeen word, sal platforms wat opgee om robotte uit te wis, 'n aanlyn wêreld skep waarin werk wat deur mense geskep word, al hoe moeiliker word om te vind op platforms wat deur KI oorstroom word.}}</ref><ref name="Prospect2024">{{cite news |last=Ball |first=James |date=14 September 2024 |title=Is anyone out there? — Dead Internet Theory says that you're the only human left online. It started out as a conspiratorial joke, but it is edging ever closer to reality |url=https://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/ideas/technology/internet/67864/dead-internet-theory-ai |work=Prospect |access-date=14 Februarie 2026 |quote=Dit is die idee wat die kern vorm van wat bekend geword het as die Dooie Internet-teorie, 'n grap-sameswering wat sê as jy hierdie woorde aanlyn lees, is jy die laaste persoon op die internet. Almal anders is 'n bot. [...] Die idee het amper 'n dekade gelede begin posvat, met die "doodstyd" van die internet wat tipies as ongeveer 2015 of 2016 gegee word - maar in die jare sedertdien het die werklikheid hierdie eens onsernstige sameswering begin weerspieël. Die klagte van die moderne internet is dat dit gevul is met 'slordige' inhoud, die geestelike opvolger van e-pos strooipos.}}</ref> Kommentators het sommige aspekte van die dooie-internetteorie gekoppel aan hierdie toename in generatiewe inhoud oor sosiale media.<ref name="Atlantic"/><ref name="Forbes2025"/><ref name="Prospect2024"/><ref name="Vladisavljević2023">{{cite book |last1=Vladisavljević |first1=Radovan |last2=Stojković |first2=Predrag |last3=Marković |first3=Svetlana |last4=Krstić |first4=Tamara |editor1-last=Premović |editor1-first=Jelena |title=Challenges of modern economy and society through the prism of green economy and sustainable development |date=2023 |publisher=Educational and business center for development of human resources, management, and sustainable development |isbn=978-86-81506-23-3 |pages=374–380 |chapter=New challenges of formulating a company's marketing strategy based on social network analysis}}</ref><ref name="Stenzel2024">{{cite conference |last1=Stenzel |first1=Gerhard |last2=Zorn |first2=Maximilian |last3=Altmann |first3=Philipp |last4=Mansky |first4=Maximilian Balthasar |last5=Kölle |first5=Michael |last6=Gabor |first6=Thomas |chapter=Self-Replicating Prompts for Large Language Models: Towards Artificial Culture |conference=The 2024 Conference on Artificial Life |title=ALIFE 2024: Proceedings of the 2024 Artificial Life Conference |date=July 2024 |doi=10.1162/isal_a_00813 |chapter-url=https://direct.mit.edu/isal/proceedings/isal2024/36/110/123523 |access-date=27 Oktober 2024}}</ref> <ref name="Colls2025">{{cite web |last=Colls |first=Tom |date=17 Mei 2025 |title=How dead is the internet? |url=https://www.bbc.com/audio/play/p0lbq62j |access-date=8 Augustus 2025 |website=BBC Audio |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Bronne sien die teorie asof dit 'n mate van waarheid daaragter het, of as 'n potensieel realistiese voorspelling van die [[internet]] se toekoms bied.<ref name="Forbes2025"/><ref name="Wired2024"/><ref name="Prospect2024"/><ref name="Walter2024">{{cite journal |last=Walter |first=Y. |title=Artificial influencers and the dead internet theory |journal=AI & Society |date=5 Februarie 2024 |volume=40 |pages=239–240 |doi=10.1007/s00146-023-01857-0 |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00146-023-01857-0 |access-date=8 Februarie 2024 |archive-date=8 Februarie 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240208085059/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00146-023-01857-0 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Sommerer2025"/><ref name="McLean2025"/><ref name="PopularMechanics2025">{{Cite web |date=2025-09-09 |title=The Internet Will Be More Dead Than Alive Within 3 Years, Trend Shows |url=https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/a65997294/dead-internet-explained/ |access-date=2025-09-10 |website=Popular Mechanics |language=en-US}}</ref> Een bron gebruik die term "Dooie-internet" om aanlyn ruimtes te beskryf wat generatiewe inhoud huisves, en laat die woord "teorie" eksplisiet weg.<ref name="Grothaus2026">{{cite web |last=Grothaus |first=Michael |title=The 'zombie internet' has arrived—and it has devastating consequences for advertising, social media, and the human web |url=https://www.fastcompany.com/91489308/zombie-internet-devastating-consequences-advertising-social-media-human-web-dead-internet-moltbook-ai-tbpn |website=Fast Company |access-date=15 Februarie 2026}}</ref> Binne die akademiese literatuur is 'n "slanker" weergawe van die teorie bespreek wat op kernbeginsels fokus en die samesweringselemente eksplisiet stroop.<ref name="Berghel2026" /> ==Oorsprong en verspreiding== [[Lêer:Twitter bots 2016-11-13.png|duimnael|[[Twitter]]-bots plaas soortgelyke boodskappe vyf dae na die 2016-verkiesing in die Verenigde State.]] Akademiese literatuur sukkel dikwels om aanlyn subkulture en samesweringsteorieë te dokumenteer, wat die oorsprong van die dooie internetteorie moeilik maak om presies te identifiseer.<ref name="Venturini 2022">{{cite journal |last=Venturini |first=Tommaso |title=Online Conspiracy Theories, Digital Platforms and Secondary Orality: Toward a Sociology of Online Monsters |journal=Theory, Culture & Society |date=2022 |volume=39 |issue=5 |pages=61–80 |doi=10.1177/02632764211070962 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/02632764211070962 |access-date=6 November 2025}}</ref> Daar word geglo dat die eerste plasing oor die dooie-internetteorie ontstaan het op die beelgroep Wizardchan.<ref name=":1" /> In 2021 is 'n plasing getiteld "''Dead Internet Theory: Most Of The Internet Is Fake''" op die forum Agora Road se Macintosh Cafe esoteriese bord gepubliseer deur 'n gebruiker genaamd "IlluminatiPirate",<ref>{{cite web |author=IlluminatiPirate |title=Dead Internet Theory: Most of the Internet is Fake |url=https://forum.agoraroad.com/index.php?threads/dead-internet-theory-most-of-the-internet-is-fake.3011/ |website=Agora Road's Macintosh Cafe |date=5 Januarie 2021 |access-date=14 November 2024}}</ref> wat beweer het dat dit voortbou op vorige plasings van dieselfde groep en van Wizardchan,<ref name="Atlantic"/> en die term se verspreiding verder as hierdie aanvanklike beeldgroepe aandui.<ref name="Atlantic"/><ref name="Bloomberg2025"/><ref name="Gopani1">{{cite news |last=Gopani |first=Avi |title=Conspiracy Theorists Says The Internet Has Been Dead Since 2016 |url=https://analyticsindiamag.com/conspiracy-theorists-says-the-internet-has-been-dead-since-2016/ |access-date=16 Junie 2023 |agency=Analytics India Magazine |date=6 September 2021 |archive-date=16 Junie 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616165024/https://analyticsindiamag.com/conspiracy-theorists-says-the-internet-has-been-dead-since-2016/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Die samesweringsteorie het in die aanlynkultuur versprei deur wydverspreide dekking op platforms soos [[YouTube]], [[Reddit]] en [[Twitter]], waar dit versterk is deur aanlyn gemeenskappe en inhoudskeppers.<ref name="Atlantic"/> Dit het meer hoofstroom-aandag gekry met 'n artikel in September 2021 in The Atlantic getiteld Maybe You Missed It, but the Internet 'Died' Five Years Ago.<ref name="Ruiz2025"/> Hierdie artikel is wyd aangehaal deur ander artikels oor die onderwerp.<ref name="Gopani1"/><ref name="Naraharisetty1">{{Cite web |last=Naraharisetty |first=Rohitha |date=2022-10-31 |title=What the 'Dead Internet Theory' Predicted About the Future of Digital Life |url=https://theswaddle.com/what-the-dead-internet-theory-predicted-about-the-future-of-digital-life/ |access-date=2023-03-06 |website=The Swaddle |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306125504/https://theswaddle.com/what-the-dead-internet-theory-predicted-about-the-future-of-digital-life/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2023 het die dooie-internetteorie akademiese literatuur betree toe 'n boek wat deur die CRC Press gepubliseer is, 'n definisie van die dooie-internetteorie in sy woordelys ingesluit het, en in 2024, toe 'n opiniestuk getiteld ''Kunsmatige beïnvloeders en die dooie internetteorie'' in die Curmudgeon Corner van KI & Samelewing gepubliseer is.<ref name="DAO2023"/><ref name="Walter2024"/> Die woordelysdefinisie het die volledige teorie bespreek, terwyl die opiniestuk dit nie gedoen het nie, en eerder gefokus het op KI-gegenereerde inhoud en KI-gedrewe interaksies. Hierdie twee bronne is aangehaal deur ander akademiese artikels wat die onderwerp bespreek.<ref name="Sommerer2025"/><ref name="McLean2025"/><ref name="Ruiz2025"/><ref name="Leikauf2025"/> In 2026 het 'n publikasie in Computer voortgebou op die KI & Samelewing-artikel deur te onderskei tussen 'n "Slanker" weergawe van die dooie-internetteorie, gesentreer op die kernbewyse, en die "samesweringsbelaaide" volledige weergawe.<ref name="Berghel2026" /> Die onlangse groei in belangstelling in die dooie-internetteorie is gekoppel aan toenemende openbare bewustheid van robotte, algoritmiese inhoudverspreiding en vooruitgang in [[kunsmatige intelligensie]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=What Is the Dead Internet Theory? |url=https://builtin.com/articles/the-dead-internet-theory |access-date=2026-04-13 |website=Built In |language=en}}</ref> Met die toename in openbare bewustheid het 'n artikel in 2026 geïdentifiseer dat die dooie internetteorie in die omgangstaal gebruik is om te verwys na die aanname dat robotte die meerderheid van die aanlyn inhoud skep.<ref name="Boatwright2026">{{cite journal |last1=Boatwright |first1=Brandon C. |last2=DiRusso |first2=Carlina |last3=Pyle |first3=Andrew |title=Somebody's poisoned the water hole! Advancing social media data collection principles to account for the effects of AI slop on public relations scholarship |journal=Public Relations Review |date=2026 |volume=52 |issue=3 |article-number=102716 |doi=10.1016/j.pubrev.2026.102716 |doi-access=free }}</ref> ==Bewerings== [[Lêer:404 File not found.png|duimnael|ʼn Gebreekte skakel lei gewoonlik tot 'n foutboodskap. Hierdie gebreekte skakels dra oor tyd by tot skakelvrot.]] Die dooie-internetteorie het twee hoofkomponente: dat organiese menslike aktiwiteit op die web deur robotte en algoritmies saamgestelde soekresultate vervang is, en dat staatsakteurs dit doen in 'n gekoördineerde poging om die menslike bevolking te manipuleer.<ref name="DAO2023"/><ref name="Felton2024">{{cite news |last=Felton |first=James |title=Dead Internet Theory: According To Conspiracy Theorists, The Internet Died In 2016 |url=https://www.iflscience.com/dead-internet-theory-according-to-conspiracy-theorists-the-internet-died-in-2016-72617 |access-date=7 April 2024 |publisher=IFLScience |date=1 Februarie 2024 |archive-date=26 Februarie 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240226045320/https://www.iflscience.com/dead-internet-theory-according-to-conspiracy-theorists-the-internet-died-in-2016-72617 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Grothaus2024">{{cite web |last=Grothaus |first=Michael |title=Is the 'Dead Internet' theory suddenly coming true? This could be a sign |url=https://www.fastcompany.com/91092650/dead-internet-theory-true-tiktok-ai-influencers |website=Fast Company |access-date=21 Junie 2024 |date=4 April 2024}}</ref> Die eerste deel van die teorie word beskryf as die hoofargument, en die tweede waar die samesweringsgedeelte begin.<ref name="Grothaus2024"/> Hierdie eerste deel, dat robotte baie van die inhoud op die internet skep en miskien meer as organiese menslike inhoud bydra, is al 'n rukkie 'n bron van kommer, met die oorspronklike plasing deur "IlluminatiPirate" wat die 2018-artikel "''How Much of the Internet Is Fake? Turnes Out, a Lot of It, Actually''" in ''New York magazine'' aanhaal.<ref name="Atlantic"/><ref name="Felton2024"/><ref name="Read1"/> Die dooie internetteorie gaan verder in om in te sluit dat soekenjins die web sensureer deur inhoud te filter wat nie wenslik is nie deur te beperk wat geïndekseer en in soekresultate aangebied word.<ref name="DAO2023"/> Hierdie probleem word vererger deur die verskynsel bekend as skakelvrot, wat veroorsaak word wanneer inhoud op 'n webwerf onbeskikbaar raak, en alle skakels daarna op ander webwerwe breek.<ref name="DAO2023"/> Die dooie-internetteorie dui daarop dat dit deel is van die sameswering om gebruikers te beperk tot saamgestelde, en moontlik kunsmatige, inhoud aanlyn. Die tweede helfte van die dooie-internetteorie bou voort op hierdie waarneembare verskynsel deur voor te stel dat die Amerikaanse regering, korporasies of ander akteurs gebruikers doelbewus beperk tot saamgestelde, en moontlik kunsmatige, KI-gegenereerde inhoud, om die menslike bevolking om 'n verskeidenheid redes te manipuleer.<ref name="Atlantic"/><ref name="DAO2023"/><ref name="Felton2024"/><ref name="Grothaus2024"/> In die oorspronklike plasing word die idee dat robotte menslike inhoud verplaas het, beskryf as die "opstelling", met die "tesis" van die teorie self wat fokus op die Verenigde State se regering wat hiervoor verantwoordelik is, en lui: "Die Amerikaanse regering is betrokke by 'n kunsmatige intelligensie-aangedrewe gasbeligting van die hele wêreldbevolking."<ref name="Atlantic"/><ref name="Mariani2023"/> ==="Swak" en "Sterk" weergawes=== 'n Hoofstuk uit 2025 in die boek ''Market-Oriented Disinformation Research'' het die teorie beskryf as 'n "swak" en "sterk" weergawe.<ref name="Ruiz2025"/> Die "swak" weergawe van die teorie beweer dat daar 'n groep elites is wat robotte gebruik om openbare diskoers te vorm, terwyl die "sterk" weergawe van die teorie beweer dat die samelewing self ineengestort het as gevolg van 'n katastrofiese gebeurtenis, en dat 'n entiteit (miskien vreemdelinge of hoogs gevorderde kunsmatige intelligensie<ref>{{harvnb|Diaz Ruiz|2025|p=[https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/100112/9781040355121.pdf?sequence 206]}}</ref>) mense aan die internet verbind hou om hierdie werklikheid te verbloem.<ref name="Ruiz2025"/> ==="Slanker" dooie-internetteorie=== In 'n artikel uit 2026 het Hal Berghel bespreek wat hy 'n "slanker" dooie internetteorie genoem het, "gestroop van paranoia, vooroordeel, politiek en polemiek."<ref name="Berghel2026">{{cite journal|last1=Berghel |first1=Hal |title=Generative AI is Breathing New Life Into the Dead Internet Theory |journal=Computer |date=2026 |volume=59 |issue=1 |pages=132–139 |doi=10.1109/MC.2025.3616665 }}</ref> In hierdie bespreking wys Berghel na die 2024-publikasie in ''AI & Society'' deur Yoshija Walter, en lys algoritmies gegenereerde inhoud, generatiewe KI-byprodukte, die ingewikkeldheid vir sommige mense om tussen dié en mensgegenereerde inhoud te onderskei, en die gevolglike wantroue en waninligting as die kern van die dooie-internetteorie. Berghel betreur dat samesweringsteoretici hierdie verskynsels neem en onwaarskynlike bewerings maak, terwyl hulle aanvoer dat die kernkritiek daarvan nie afgewys moet word nie.<ref name="Berghel2026"/> ===Bewyse=== ====Botverkeer en groot taalmodelle==== In 2016 het die sekuriteitsfirma Imperva 'n verslag oor botverkeer vrygestel nadat hulle meer as 16,7 miljard besoeke aan 100 000 ewekansig gekose domeine ondersoek het, en bevind dat outomatiese programme verantwoordelik was vir 52% van webverkeer.<ref name="LaFrance1">{{cite news |last=LaFrance |first=Adrienne |title=The Internet Is Mostly Bots |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2017/01/bots-bots-bots/515043/ |access-date=17 Junie 2023 |publisher=The Atlantic |date=31 Januarie 2017 |archive-date=17 Junie 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230617184148/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2017/01/bots-bots-bots/515043/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-01-24 |title=Bot Traffic Report 2016 {{!}} Imperva |url=https://www.imperva.com/blog/archive/bot-traffic-report-2016/ |access-date=2024-06-04 |website=Blog |language=en-US |archive-date=4 Junie 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604063431/https://www.imperva.com/blog/archive/bot-traffic-report-2016/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Hierdie verslag is as bewys gebruik in verslae oor die dooie internetteorie.<ref name="Atlantic"/> Imperva se verslag vir 2023 het bevind dat 49,6% van internetverkeer outomaties was, 'n styging van 2% vanaf 2022, wat deels toegeskryf is aan kunsmatige intelligensiemodelle wat die web vir opleidingsinhoud skraap.<ref name="Griffin2024"/> 'n Beleidsdokument van die Institutul Diplomatic Român in 2023 het hierdie toename in botverkeer as die basis vir die dooie internetteorie aangehaal.<ref name="Codreanu2023"/> Generatiewe voorafopgeleide transformators (GPT's) is 'n klas groot taalmodelle (LLM's) wat kunsmatige [[neurale netwerk]]e gebruik om mensagtige inhoud te produseer.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2023/01/davos23-generative-ai-a-game-changer-industries-and-society-code-developers/|title=Generative AI: a game-changer society needs to be ready for|website=World Economic Forum|date=9 Januarie 2023|access-date=16 Junie 2023|archive-date=25 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425234858/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2023/01/davos23-generative-ai-a-game-changer-industries-and-society-code-developers/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{cite magazine|url=https://time.com/6271657/a-to-z-of-artificial-intelligence/|title=The A to Z of Artificial Intelligence|date=13 April 2023|magazine=Time|access-date=16 Junie 2023|archive-date=16 Junie 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616123839/https://time.com/6271657/a-to-z-of-artificial-intelligence/|url-status=live}}</ref> Die eerste hiervan wat welbekend was, is ontwikkel deur [[OpenAI]].<ref name="gpt1">{{cite web |title=Improving language understanding with unsupervised learning |url=https://openai.com/research/language-unsupervised |access-date=2023-03-18 |website=openai.com |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-03-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318210736/https://openai.com/research/language-unsupervised |url-status=live }}</ref> Hierdie modelle het aansienlike kontroversie veroorsaak. Timothy Shoup van die Kopenhagen Instituut vir Toekomsstudies het byvoorbeeld in 2022 gesê: "in die scenario waar GPT-3 'losraak', sal die internet heeltemal onherkenbaar wees".<ref name="Hvitved1">{{cite news |last=Hvitved |first=Sofie |title=What if 98% of the Metaverse is made by AI? |url=https://cifs.dk/news/what-if-99-of-the-metaverse-is-made-by-ai |access-date=16 June 2023 |publisher=Copenhagen Institute for Future Studies |date=24 Februarie 2022 |archive-date=16 Junie 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616204951/https://cifs.dk/news/what-if-99-of-the-metaverse-is-made-by-ai |url-status=live }}</ref> Hy het voorspel dat in so 'n scenario 99% tot 99,9% van aanlyn inhoud teen 2025 tot 2030 deur KI gegenereer kan word.<ref name="Hvitved1"/> Hierdie voorspellings is as bewys vir die dooie internetteorie gebruik.<ref name="Naraharisetty1"/> == Verwysings == {{Verwysings}} {{normdata}} [[Kategorie:Komplotteorieë]] [[Kategorie:Internet]] rlmjvfl5cvovckxr0a89wd72qlpnto8 2917093 2917092 2026-07-12T11:12:29Z Sobaka 328 /* Bewyse */ bywerk 2917093 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Lêer:Dooieinternetteorie.png|duimnael|KI-gegenereerde voorstelling van die digitale ekosisteem van robotte en inhoud op die internet.]] Die '''dooie-internetteorie''', ook soms genoem die '''dooie-internet-teorie''',<ref>ook verwys na as die '''dooie internet''' of as die '''dooie internet-samesweringsteorie'''. Soms afgekort in [[Engels]] as '''DIT'''.</ref> is 'n konsep wat beweer dat die [[internet]] hoofsaaklik bestaan uit [[Internetbot|bot]]-aktiwiteit en outomatiese inhoud wat deur [[Algoritme|algoritmiese]] samestelling gemanipuleer word. Oorspronklik bedink as 'n [[samesweringsteorie]] wat beweer dat die verskynsel 'n gekoördineerde poging is om die bevolking te beheer en ware menslike interaksie te verminder, word die konsep ook in die omgangstaal gebruik om die impak van generatiewe [[kunsmatige intelligensie]] (KI) te beskryf en slegs die kernwaarnemings te beklemtoon sonder om oor die dryfkragte te spekuleer.<ref name="Atlantic" /><ref name="DAO2023">{{cite book |last=Dao |first=Bridgit |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MKPREAAAQBAJ |title=The Metaweb The Next Level of the Internet |date=2023 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=9781000960495 |access-date=1 Maart 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240319181803/https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Metaweb/MKPREAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0 |archive-date=19 Maart 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Berghel2026" /><ref name="Boatwright2026" /> Ondersteuners van die volledige teorie beweer dat sosiale robotte doelbewus geskep is om algoritmes te manipuleer en soekresultate te verbeter om verbruikers te beïnvloed.<ref name="Mariani2023">{{cite journal |last=Mariani |first=Robert |date=2023 |title=The Dead Internet to Come |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27244117 |url-status=live |journal=The New Atlantis |volume=73 |issue=73 |pages=34–42 |jstor=27244117 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240123081249/https://www.jstor.org/stable/27244117 |archive-date=23 Januarie 2024 |access-date=23 Januarie 2024}}</ref><ref name="Gonzales1">{{cite news |last=Gonzales III |first=Vic |date=28 Junie 2023 |title=The Internet is Dead: The Truth Behind the Dead Internet Theory |url=https://capiz-news.com/the-internet-is-dead-the-truth-behind-the-dead-internet-theory/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704030116/https://capiz-news.com/the-internet-is-dead-the-truth-behind-the-dead-internet-theory/ |archive-date=4 Julie 2023 |access-date=4 Julie 2023 |agency=Capiz News}}</ref> Sommige voorstanders beskuldig ook regeringsagentskappe daarvan dat hulle robotte gebruik om openbare persepsie en menings te vorm.<ref name="Atlantic">{{Cite web |last=Tiffany |first=Kaitlyn |date=2021-08-31 |title=Maybe You Missed It, but the Internet 'Died' Five Years Ago |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2021/08/dead-internet-theory-wrong-but-feels-true/619937/ |url-access = subscription |access-date=2023-03-06 |website=The Atlantic |language=en |archive-date=2023-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306110843/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2021/08/dead-internet-theory-wrong-but-feels-true/619937/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Mariani2023" /><ref name="Renzella2024">{{cite news |last1=Renzella |first1=Jake |last2=Rozova |first2=Vlada |title=The 'dead internet theory' makes eerie claims about an AI-run web. The truth is more sinister |url=https://www.unsw.edu.au/newsroom/news/2024/05/-the-dead-internet-theory-makes-eerie-claims-about-an-ai-run-web-the-truth-is-more-sinister |access-date=21 Junie 2024 |publisher=University of New South Wales |date=20 Mei 2024}}</ref> Die dooie internetteorie het hernieude belangstelling gekry na die KI-oplewing wat in die 2020's begin het, met [[groot taalmodel]] (GTM)-[[kletsbot]]te en teks-na-beeld-modelle wat na vore gekom het as tegnologieë wat teoreties mensgeskrewe inhoud op die web kan oordonder.<ref name="Bloomberg2025">{{cite news |last=Lapowsky |first=Issie |date=8 Mei 2025 |title=Maybe Al Slop Is Killing the Internet, After All |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-05-08/maybe-ai-slop-is-killing-the-internet-after-all |work=Bloomberg News |url-access=subscription |access-date=26 Augustus 2025 |archive-url= |archive-date= |quote= Die dooie internet-teorie het in 2021 gewild geword na 'n plasing van 'n gebruiker genaamd IlluminatiPirate op 'n obskure aanlyn forum. IlluminatiPirate het aangevoer dat die internet 'n groot, onmenslike woesteny geword het, gevul met algoritmies geoptimaliseerde nabootsings. Die teorie het die hele ding blameer op 'n geheime regeringsameswering, wat dit maklik gemaak het om af te wys. Maar die koms van gereedskap soos ChatGPT en Midjourney het dit pontuit profeties laat lyk. Sosiale media voel vreemder. Soektog voel erger. Hele KI-gegenereerde nuusnetwerke het oornag ontstaan. Meta Platforms Inc. voorsien 'n toekoms waar KI betrokke is by die skep van 'n aansienlike deel van die plasings op Facebook en Instagram. Webwerwe soos [[Wikipedia]] buig onder die gewig van KI-kruipers wat rondkruip op hul bladsye, op soek na vars inligting om hul modelle te voed. Dit alles skep 'n terugvoerlus, waar KI-gegenereerde inhoud geskep word om KI-aangedrewe aanbevelingstelsels tevrede te stel, wat dreig om mense in omstanders te verander.}}</ref><ref name="Time2025"/><ref name="Forbes2025">{{cite news |last=Murray |first=Conor |date=13 Oktober 2025 |title=Ohanian And Altman Warn Of 'Dead Internet Theory'—What Is It And How Is AI Making It Happen? |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/conormurray/2025/10/13/ohanian-and-altman-warn-of-dead-internet-theory-what-is-it-and-how-is-ai-making-it-happen/ |work=Forbes |access-date=14 Februarie 2026 |quote= Reddit-medestigter Alexis Ohanian en OpenAI-medestigter [[Sam Altman]] het die afgelope weke op sosiale media gewaarsku teen die "Dooie Internetteorie", 'n idee dat die internet oorheers word deur botaktiwiteit in plaas van mense - maar kenners wat die idee eens as 'n samesweringsteorie afgemaak het, waarsku dat dit eintlik wettig kan wees te midde van die opkoms van kunsmatige intelligensie.}}</ref> <ref name="Ruiz2025">{{cite book |last=Diaz Ruiz |first=Carlos |chapter-url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/oa-mono/10.4324/9781003506676-9/bots-talking-bots-carlos-diaz-ruiz |title=Market-Oriented Disinformation Research |publisher=Routledge |year=2025 |isbn=9781003506676 |location=UK |pages=196–218 |chapter=Bots Talking to Bots: Synthetic Media, AI-Generated Content, and the “Dead Internet” Conspiracy Theory |doi=10.4324/9781003506676 |access-date=6 November 2025}}</ref> In die tyd sedertdien het [[sosiale media]]-webwerwe 'n gemete toename in bot-aktiwiteit gesien, soos algoritmiese feeds wat lae-gehalte [[KI-slop]] vertoon ten koste van gebruikersgegenereerde inhoud.<ref name="Wired2024">{{cite magazine |last=Knibbs |first=Kate |date=28 Oktober 2024 |title=AI Slop Is Flooding Medium |url=https://www.wired.com/story/ai-generated-medium-posts-content-moderation/ |magazine=Wired |access-date=14 Februarie 2026 |quote=Dit dui ook op 'n toekoms waarin die Dooie Internet-teorie tot stand kom. Die teorie, eens die domein van uiters aanlyn samesweringsdenkers, voer aan dat die oorgrote meerderheid van die internet sonder regte mense en mensgemaakte plasings is, maar eerder verstop is met KI-gegenereerde gemors en robotte. Namate generatiewe KI-instrumente meer algemeen word, sal platforms wat opgee om robotte uit te wis, 'n aanlyn wêreld skep waarin werk wat deur mense geskep word, al hoe moeiliker word om te vind op platforms wat deur KI oorstroom word.}}</ref><ref name="Prospect2024">{{cite news |last=Ball |first=James |date=14 September 2024 |title=Is anyone out there? — Dead Internet Theory says that you're the only human left online. It started out as a conspiratorial joke, but it is edging ever closer to reality |url=https://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/ideas/technology/internet/67864/dead-internet-theory-ai |work=Prospect |access-date=14 Februarie 2026 |quote=Dit is die idee wat die kern vorm van wat bekend geword het as die Dooie Internet-teorie, 'n grap-sameswering wat sê as jy hierdie woorde aanlyn lees, is jy die laaste persoon op die internet. Almal anders is 'n bot. [...] Die idee het amper 'n dekade gelede begin posvat, met die "doodstyd" van die internet wat tipies as ongeveer 2015 of 2016 gegee word - maar in die jare sedertdien het die werklikheid hierdie eens onsernstige sameswering begin weerspieël. Die klagte van die moderne internet is dat dit gevul is met 'slordige' inhoud, die geestelike opvolger van e-pos strooipos.}}</ref> Kommentators het sommige aspekte van die dooie-internetteorie gekoppel aan hierdie toename in generatiewe inhoud oor sosiale media.<ref name="Atlantic"/><ref name="Forbes2025"/><ref name="Prospect2024"/><ref name="Vladisavljević2023">{{cite book |last1=Vladisavljević |first1=Radovan |last2=Stojković |first2=Predrag |last3=Marković |first3=Svetlana |last4=Krstić |first4=Tamara |editor1-last=Premović |editor1-first=Jelena |title=Challenges of modern economy and society through the prism of green economy and sustainable development |date=2023 |publisher=Educational and business center for development of human resources, management, and sustainable development |isbn=978-86-81506-23-3 |pages=374–380 |chapter=New challenges of formulating a company's marketing strategy based on social network analysis}}</ref><ref name="Stenzel2024">{{cite conference |last1=Stenzel |first1=Gerhard |last2=Zorn |first2=Maximilian |last3=Altmann |first3=Philipp |last4=Mansky |first4=Maximilian Balthasar |last5=Kölle |first5=Michael |last6=Gabor |first6=Thomas |chapter=Self-Replicating Prompts for Large Language Models: Towards Artificial Culture |conference=The 2024 Conference on Artificial Life |title=ALIFE 2024: Proceedings of the 2024 Artificial Life Conference |date=July 2024 |doi=10.1162/isal_a_00813 |chapter-url=https://direct.mit.edu/isal/proceedings/isal2024/36/110/123523 |access-date=27 Oktober 2024}}</ref> <ref name="Colls2025">{{cite web |last=Colls |first=Tom |date=17 Mei 2025 |title=How dead is the internet? |url=https://www.bbc.com/audio/play/p0lbq62j |access-date=8 Augustus 2025 |website=BBC Audio |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Bronne sien die teorie asof dit 'n mate van waarheid daaragter het, of as 'n potensieel realistiese voorspelling van die [[internet]] se toekoms bied.<ref name="Forbes2025"/><ref name="Wired2024"/><ref name="Prospect2024"/><ref name="Walter2024">{{cite journal |last=Walter |first=Y. |title=Artificial influencers and the dead internet theory |journal=AI & Society |date=5 Februarie 2024 |volume=40 |pages=239–240 |doi=10.1007/s00146-023-01857-0 |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00146-023-01857-0 |access-date=8 Februarie 2024 |archive-date=8 Februarie 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240208085059/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00146-023-01857-0 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Sommerer2025"/><ref name="McLean2025"/><ref name="PopularMechanics2025">{{Cite web |date=2025-09-09 |title=The Internet Will Be More Dead Than Alive Within 3 Years, Trend Shows |url=https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/a65997294/dead-internet-explained/ |access-date=2025-09-10 |website=Popular Mechanics |language=en-US}}</ref> Een bron gebruik die term "Dooie-internet" om aanlyn ruimtes te beskryf wat generatiewe inhoud huisves, en laat die woord "teorie" eksplisiet weg.<ref name="Grothaus2026">{{cite web |last=Grothaus |first=Michael |title=The 'zombie internet' has arrived—and it has devastating consequences for advertising, social media, and the human web |url=https://www.fastcompany.com/91489308/zombie-internet-devastating-consequences-advertising-social-media-human-web-dead-internet-moltbook-ai-tbpn |website=Fast Company |access-date=15 Februarie 2026}}</ref> Binne die akademiese literatuur is 'n "slanker" weergawe van die teorie bespreek wat op kernbeginsels fokus en die samesweringselemente eksplisiet stroop.<ref name="Berghel2026" /> ==Oorsprong en verspreiding== [[Lêer:Twitter bots 2016-11-13.png|duimnael|[[Twitter]]-bots plaas soortgelyke boodskappe vyf dae na die 2016-verkiesing in die Verenigde State.]] Akademiese literatuur sukkel dikwels om aanlyn subkulture en samesweringsteorieë te dokumenteer, wat die oorsprong van die dooie internetteorie moeilik maak om presies te identifiseer.<ref name="Venturini 2022">{{cite journal |last=Venturini |first=Tommaso |title=Online Conspiracy Theories, Digital Platforms and Secondary Orality: Toward a Sociology of Online Monsters |journal=Theory, Culture & Society |date=2022 |volume=39 |issue=5 |pages=61–80 |doi=10.1177/02632764211070962 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/02632764211070962 |access-date=6 November 2025}}</ref> Daar word geglo dat die eerste plasing oor die dooie-internetteorie ontstaan het op die beelgroep Wizardchan.<ref name=":1" /> In 2021 is 'n plasing getiteld "''Dead Internet Theory: Most Of The Internet Is Fake''" op die forum Agora Road se Macintosh Cafe esoteriese bord gepubliseer deur 'n gebruiker genaamd "IlluminatiPirate",<ref>{{cite web |author=IlluminatiPirate |title=Dead Internet Theory: Most of the Internet is Fake |url=https://forum.agoraroad.com/index.php?threads/dead-internet-theory-most-of-the-internet-is-fake.3011/ |website=Agora Road's Macintosh Cafe |date=5 Januarie 2021 |access-date=14 November 2024}}</ref> wat beweer het dat dit voortbou op vorige plasings van dieselfde groep en van Wizardchan,<ref name="Atlantic"/> en die term se verspreiding verder as hierdie aanvanklike beeldgroepe aandui.<ref name="Atlantic"/><ref name="Bloomberg2025"/><ref name="Gopani1">{{cite news |last=Gopani |first=Avi |title=Conspiracy Theorists Says The Internet Has Been Dead Since 2016 |url=https://analyticsindiamag.com/conspiracy-theorists-says-the-internet-has-been-dead-since-2016/ |access-date=16 Junie 2023 |agency=Analytics India Magazine |date=6 September 2021 |archive-date=16 Junie 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616165024/https://analyticsindiamag.com/conspiracy-theorists-says-the-internet-has-been-dead-since-2016/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Die samesweringsteorie het in die aanlynkultuur versprei deur wydverspreide dekking op platforms soos [[YouTube]], [[Reddit]] en [[Twitter]], waar dit versterk is deur aanlyn gemeenskappe en inhoudskeppers.<ref name="Atlantic"/> Dit het meer hoofstroom-aandag gekry met 'n artikel in September 2021 in The Atlantic getiteld Maybe You Missed It, but the Internet 'Died' Five Years Ago.<ref name="Ruiz2025"/> Hierdie artikel is wyd aangehaal deur ander artikels oor die onderwerp.<ref name="Gopani1"/><ref name="Naraharisetty1">{{Cite web |last=Naraharisetty |first=Rohitha |date=2022-10-31 |title=What the 'Dead Internet Theory' Predicted About the Future of Digital Life |url=https://theswaddle.com/what-the-dead-internet-theory-predicted-about-the-future-of-digital-life/ |access-date=2023-03-06 |website=The Swaddle |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306125504/https://theswaddle.com/what-the-dead-internet-theory-predicted-about-the-future-of-digital-life/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2023 het die dooie-internetteorie akademiese literatuur betree toe 'n boek wat deur die CRC Press gepubliseer is, 'n definisie van die dooie-internetteorie in sy woordelys ingesluit het, en in 2024, toe 'n opiniestuk getiteld ''Kunsmatige beïnvloeders en die dooie internetteorie'' in die Curmudgeon Corner van KI & Samelewing gepubliseer is.<ref name="DAO2023"/><ref name="Walter2024"/> Die woordelysdefinisie het die volledige teorie bespreek, terwyl die opiniestuk dit nie gedoen het nie, en eerder gefokus het op KI-gegenereerde inhoud en KI-gedrewe interaksies. Hierdie twee bronne is aangehaal deur ander akademiese artikels wat die onderwerp bespreek.<ref name="Sommerer2025"/><ref name="McLean2025"/><ref name="Ruiz2025"/><ref name="Leikauf2025"/> In 2026 het 'n publikasie in Computer voortgebou op die KI & Samelewing-artikel deur te onderskei tussen 'n "Slanker" weergawe van die dooie-internetteorie, gesentreer op die kernbewyse, en die "samesweringsbelaaide" volledige weergawe.<ref name="Berghel2026" /> Die onlangse groei in belangstelling in die dooie-internetteorie is gekoppel aan toenemende openbare bewustheid van robotte, algoritmiese inhoudverspreiding en vooruitgang in [[kunsmatige intelligensie]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=What Is the Dead Internet Theory? |url=https://builtin.com/articles/the-dead-internet-theory |access-date=2026-04-13 |website=Built In |language=en}}</ref> Met die toename in openbare bewustheid het 'n artikel in 2026 geïdentifiseer dat die dooie internetteorie in die omgangstaal gebruik is om te verwys na die aanname dat robotte die meerderheid van die aanlyn inhoud skep.<ref name="Boatwright2026">{{cite journal |last1=Boatwright |first1=Brandon C. |last2=DiRusso |first2=Carlina |last3=Pyle |first3=Andrew |title=Somebody's poisoned the water hole! Advancing social media data collection principles to account for the effects of AI slop on public relations scholarship |journal=Public Relations Review |date=2026 |volume=52 |issue=3 |article-number=102716 |doi=10.1016/j.pubrev.2026.102716 |doi-access=free }}</ref> ==Bewerings== [[Lêer:404 File not found.png|duimnael|ʼn Gebreekte skakel lei gewoonlik tot 'n foutboodskap. Hierdie gebreekte skakels dra oor tyd by tot skakelvrot.]] Die dooie-internetteorie het twee hoofkomponente: dat organiese menslike aktiwiteit op die web deur robotte en algoritmies saamgestelde soekresultate vervang is, en dat staatsakteurs dit doen in 'n gekoördineerde poging om die menslike bevolking te manipuleer.<ref name="DAO2023"/><ref name="Felton2024">{{cite news |last=Felton |first=James |title=Dead Internet Theory: According To Conspiracy Theorists, The Internet Died In 2016 |url=https://www.iflscience.com/dead-internet-theory-according-to-conspiracy-theorists-the-internet-died-in-2016-72617 |access-date=7 April 2024 |publisher=IFLScience |date=1 Februarie 2024 |archive-date=26 Februarie 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240226045320/https://www.iflscience.com/dead-internet-theory-according-to-conspiracy-theorists-the-internet-died-in-2016-72617 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Grothaus2024">{{cite web |last=Grothaus |first=Michael |title=Is the 'Dead Internet' theory suddenly coming true? This could be a sign |url=https://www.fastcompany.com/91092650/dead-internet-theory-true-tiktok-ai-influencers |website=Fast Company |access-date=21 Junie 2024 |date=4 April 2024}}</ref> Die eerste deel van die teorie word beskryf as die hoofargument, en die tweede waar die samesweringsgedeelte begin.<ref name="Grothaus2024"/> Hierdie eerste deel, dat robotte baie van die inhoud op die internet skep en miskien meer as organiese menslike inhoud bydra, is al 'n rukkie 'n bron van kommer, met die oorspronklike plasing deur "IlluminatiPirate" wat die 2018-artikel "''How Much of the Internet Is Fake? Turnes Out, a Lot of It, Actually''" in ''New York magazine'' aanhaal.<ref name="Atlantic"/><ref name="Felton2024"/><ref name="Read1"/> Die dooie internetteorie gaan verder in om in te sluit dat soekenjins die web sensureer deur inhoud te filter wat nie wenslik is nie deur te beperk wat geïndekseer en in soekresultate aangebied word.<ref name="DAO2023"/> Hierdie probleem word vererger deur die verskynsel bekend as skakelvrot, wat veroorsaak word wanneer inhoud op 'n webwerf onbeskikbaar raak, en alle skakels daarna op ander webwerwe breek.<ref name="DAO2023"/> Die dooie-internetteorie dui daarop dat dit deel is van die sameswering om gebruikers te beperk tot saamgestelde, en moontlik kunsmatige, inhoud aanlyn. Die tweede helfte van die dooie-internetteorie bou voort op hierdie waarneembare verskynsel deur voor te stel dat die Amerikaanse regering, korporasies of ander akteurs gebruikers doelbewus beperk tot saamgestelde, en moontlik kunsmatige, KI-gegenereerde inhoud, om die menslike bevolking om 'n verskeidenheid redes te manipuleer.<ref name="Atlantic"/><ref name="DAO2023"/><ref name="Felton2024"/><ref name="Grothaus2024"/> In die oorspronklike plasing word die idee dat robotte menslike inhoud verplaas het, beskryf as die "opstelling", met die "tesis" van die teorie self wat fokus op die Verenigde State se regering wat hiervoor verantwoordelik is, en lui: "Die Amerikaanse regering is betrokke by 'n kunsmatige intelligensie-aangedrewe gasbeligting van die hele wêreldbevolking."<ref name="Atlantic"/><ref name="Mariani2023"/> ==="Swak" en "Sterk" weergawes=== 'n Hoofstuk uit 2025 in die boek ''Market-Oriented Disinformation Research'' het die teorie beskryf as 'n "swak" en "sterk" weergawe.<ref name="Ruiz2025"/> Die "swak" weergawe van die teorie beweer dat daar 'n groep elites is wat robotte gebruik om openbare diskoers te vorm, terwyl die "sterk" weergawe van die teorie beweer dat die samelewing self ineengestort het as gevolg van 'n katastrofiese gebeurtenis, en dat 'n entiteit (miskien vreemdelinge of hoogs gevorderde kunsmatige intelligensie<ref>{{harvnb|Diaz Ruiz|2025|p=[https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/100112/9781040355121.pdf?sequence 206]}}</ref>) mense aan die internet verbind hou om hierdie werklikheid te verbloem.<ref name="Ruiz2025"/> ==="Slanker" dooie-internetteorie=== In 'n artikel uit 2026 het Hal Berghel bespreek wat hy 'n "slanker" dooie internetteorie genoem het, "gestroop van paranoia, vooroordeel, politiek en polemiek."<ref name="Berghel2026">{{cite journal|last1=Berghel |first1=Hal |title=Generative AI is Breathing New Life Into the Dead Internet Theory |journal=Computer |date=2026 |volume=59 |issue=1 |pages=132–139 |doi=10.1109/MC.2025.3616665 }}</ref> In hierdie bespreking wys Berghel na die 2024-publikasie in ''AI & Society'' deur Yoshija Walter, en lys algoritmies gegenereerde inhoud, generatiewe KI-byprodukte, die ingewikkeldheid vir sommige mense om tussen dié en mensgegenereerde inhoud te onderskei, en die gevolglike wantroue en waninligting as die kern van die dooie-internetteorie. Berghel betreur dat samesweringsteoretici hierdie verskynsels neem en onwaarskynlike bewerings maak, terwyl hulle aanvoer dat die kernkritiek daarvan nie afgewys moet word nie.<ref name="Berghel2026"/> ===Bewyse=== ====Botverkeer en groot taalmodelle==== In 2016 het die sekuriteitsfirma Imperva 'n verslag oor botverkeer vrygestel nadat hulle meer as 16,7 miljard besoeke aan 100 000 ewekansig gekose domeine ondersoek het, en bevind dat outomatiese programme verantwoordelik was vir 52% van webverkeer.<ref name="LaFrance1">{{cite news |last=LaFrance |first=Adrienne |title=The Internet Is Mostly Bots |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2017/01/bots-bots-bots/515043/ |access-date=17 Junie 2023 |publisher=The Atlantic |date=31 Januarie 2017 |archive-date=17 Junie 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230617184148/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2017/01/bots-bots-bots/515043/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-01-24 |title=Bot Traffic Report 2016 {{!}} Imperva |url=https://www.imperva.com/blog/archive/bot-traffic-report-2016/ |access-date=2024-06-04 |website=Blog |language=en-US |archive-date=4 Junie 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604063431/https://www.imperva.com/blog/archive/bot-traffic-report-2016/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Hierdie verslag is as bewys gebruik in verslae oor die dooie internetteorie.<ref name="Atlantic"/> Imperva se verslag vir 2023 het bevind dat 49,6% van internetverkeer outomaties was, 'n styging van 2% vanaf 2022, wat deels toegeskryf is aan kunsmatige intelligensiemodelle wat die web vir opleidingsinhoud skraap.<ref name="Griffin2024"/> 'n Beleidsdokument van die Institutul Diplomatic Român in 2023 het hierdie toename in botverkeer as die basis vir die dooie internetteorie aangehaal.<ref name="Codreanu2023"/> Generatiewe voorafopgeleide transformators (GPT's) is 'n klas groot taalmodelle (LLM's) wat kunsmatige [[neurale netwerk]]e gebruik om mensagtige inhoud te produseer.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2023/01/davos23-generative-ai-a-game-changer-industries-and-society-code-developers/|title=Generative AI: a game-changer society needs to be ready for|website=World Economic Forum|date=9 Januarie 2023|access-date=16 Junie 2023|archive-date=25 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425234858/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2023/01/davos23-generative-ai-a-game-changer-industries-and-society-code-developers/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{cite magazine|url=https://time.com/6271657/a-to-z-of-artificial-intelligence/|title=The A to Z of Artificial Intelligence|date=13 April 2023|magazine=Time|access-date=16 Junie 2023|archive-date=16 Junie 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616123839/https://time.com/6271657/a-to-z-of-artificial-intelligence/|url-status=live}}</ref> Die eerste hiervan wat welbekend was, is ontwikkel deur [[OpenAI]].<ref name="gpt1">{{cite web |title=Improving language understanding with unsupervised learning |url=https://openai.com/research/language-unsupervised |access-date=2023-03-18 |website=openai.com |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-03-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318210736/https://openai.com/research/language-unsupervised |url-status=live }}</ref> Hierdie modelle het aansienlike kontroversie veroorsaak. Timothy Shoup van die Kopenhagen Instituut vir Toekomsstudies het byvoorbeeld in 2022 gesê: "in die scenario waar GPT-3 'losraak', sal die internet heeltemal onherkenbaar wees".<ref name="Hvitved1">{{cite news |last=Hvitved |first=Sofie |title=What if 98% of the Metaverse is made by AI? |url=https://cifs.dk/news/what-if-99-of-the-metaverse-is-made-by-ai |access-date=16 June 2023 |publisher=Copenhagen Institute for Future Studies |date=24 Februarie 2022 |archive-date=16 Junie 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616204951/https://cifs.dk/news/what-if-99-of-the-metaverse-is-made-by-ai |url-status=live }}</ref> Hy het voorspel dat in so 'n scenario 99% tot 99,9% van aanlyn inhoud teen 2025 tot 2030 deur KI gegenereer kan word.<ref name="Hvitved1"/> Hierdie voorspellings is as bewys vir die dooie internetteorie gebruik.<ref name="Naraharisetty1"/> Die laat 2022-vrystelling van [[ChatGPT]], 'n KI-kletsbot, deur [[OpenAI]] aan die algemene publiek, het joernaliste daartoe gelei om die dooie internetteorie moontlik meer realisties as voorheen te noem<ref name="Bloomberg2025"/><ref name="Hennessy1">{{cite news |last=Hennessy |first=James |title=Did A.I. just become a better storyteller than you? |url=https://thestory.au/articles/ai-chatgpt-storytelling/ |access-date=16 Junie 2023 |publisher=The Story |date=18 Desember 2022 |archive-date=16 Junie 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616171535/https://thestory.au/articles/ai-chatgpt-storytelling/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Beres1">{{cite news |last=Beres |first=Damon |title=Death by a Thousand Personality Quizzes |access-date=20 June 2023 |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2023/01/buzzfeed-using-chatgpt-openai-creating-personality-quizzes/672880 |publisher=The Atlantic |date=27 Januarie 2023 |archive-date=21 Junie 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621212112/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2023/01/buzzfeed-using-chatgpt-openai-creating-personality-quizzes/672880/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Voor ChatGPT se vrystelling is die dooie internetteorie meestal deur regeringsorganisasies, korporasies en tegnologies geletterde individue beklemtoon.<ref name="Bloomberg2025"/> ChatGPT gee die gemiddelde internetgebruiker toegang tot [[groot taalmodel]]le.<ref name="Hennessy1"/><ref name="Beres1"/> Hierdie tegnologie het kommer veroorsaak dat die internet gevul sou word met inhoud wat deur die gebruik van KI geskep is, wat organiese menslike inhoud sou oordonder.<ref name="Stenzel2024"/><ref name="Hennessy1"/><ref name="Beres1"/><ref name="Agarwal1"/><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Berry |first=David M. |date=2025-03-19 |title=Synthetic media and computational capitalism: towards a critical theory of artificial intelligence |journal=AI & Society |volume=40 |issue=7 |pages=5257–5269 |language=en |doi=10.1007/s00146-025-02265-2 |issn=1435-5655|doi-access=free |arxiv=2503.18976 }}</ref> In September 2025 het OpenAI se uitvoerende hoof, Sam Altman, op [[Twitter]] (toe X genoem) geplaas en die aandag op die dooie internetteorie gevestig.<ref name="Duffy2025"/> Hy het gesê: “Ek het nooit die dooie-internetteorie so ernstig opgeneem nie, maar dit lyk asof daar nou regtig baie GTM-bestuurde Twitter-rekeninge is.”<ref name="Altman2025">{{cite web |last=Altman |first=Sam |title=Post |url=https://x.com/sama/status/1963366714684707120 |website=X.com |access-date=17 Januarie 2026}}</ref> == Verwysings == {{Verwysings}} {{normdata}} [[Kategorie:Komplotteorieë]] [[Kategorie:Internet]] h7jaric2jx6zrlhcw3iuro3a3g9yayx 0 463703 2917044 2916947 2026-07-11T22:21:52Z ~2026-39289-76 210880 Verbeter. 2917044 wikitext text/x-wiki {{TITELAANSIG|''Le Salaire de la peur''}} {{Inligtingskas Boek |naam = Le Salaire de la peur |beeld = |beeldonderskrif= |outeur = Georges Arnaud |land = [[Frankryk]] |taal = [[Frans]] |genre = Spanningsriller |uitgewer = Éditions Julliard |uitgewingsdatum= 1950 |medium = Gedruk |bladsye = 203 bl. |isbn = 9782260018117}} '''''Le Salaire de la peur''''' (letterlike Afrikaanse titel: ''Die Lone van Vrees'') is 'n rillerroman deur Georges Arnaud wat in 1950 deur Éditions Julliard gepubliseer is.<ref>{{Cite book |last=France |first=Peter |url=https://www.google.ru/books/edition/The_New_Oxford_Companion_to_Literature_i/YtYoAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=Le_Salaire_de_la_peur+novel+1949&dq=Le_Salaire_de_la_peur+novel+1949&printsec=frontcover |title=The New Oxford Companion to Literature in French |date=1995 |publisher=Clarendon Press |isbn=978-0-19-866125-2 |page=44 |language=en |access-date=24 Augustus 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Todd |first=Christopher |url=https://www.google.ru/books/edition/A_Century_of_French_Best_sellers_1890_19/AIxcAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=Le+Salaire+de+la+peur+arnaud+1949&dq=Le+Salaire+de+la+peur+arnaud+1949&printsec=frontcover |title=A Century of French Best-sellers (1890-1990) |date=1994 |publisher=E. Mellen Press |isbn=978-0-7734-9146-5 |page=89 |language=en |access-date=24 Augustus 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Goldenstein |first=Jean-Pierre |url=https://www.google.ru/books/edition/Lire_le_roman/uy9f__ZGRhIC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Le+Salaire+de+la+peur&pg=PA83&printsec=frontcover |title=Lire le roman |date=29 November 2005 |publisher=De Boeck Supérieur |isbn=978-2-8041-5010-5 |page=83 |language=fr |access-date=24 Augustus 2025}}</ref> Die roman is in verskeie tale vertaal en daar is meer as 2 miljoen eksemplare verkoop. Die eerste Britse uitgawe is in 1952 deur The Bodley Head gepubliseer, soos vertaal deur Norman Dale.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ashtonrarebooks.com/book/arnaud-georges-the-wages-of-fear/|title=Arnaud, Georges ~ The Wages Of Fear|publisher=ashtonrarebooks.com|access-date=24 Augustus 2025}}</ref> Die eerste Amerikaanse uitgawe was 'n hardebanduitgawe wat in 1952 deur [[Farrar, Straus en Giroux|Farrar, Straus en Young]] gepubliseer is. Die roman is opgedra aan die skrywer se vader. == Sinopsis == Die roman was die onderwerp van 'n aanvanklike filmverwerking deur Henri-Georges Clouzot in 1953, wat die verhaal vertel van vier desperate mans wat vasgevang is in 'n afgeleë dorp in [[Guatemala]] en die riskante taak aanvaar om 'n gevaarlike vrag [[nitrogliserien]] oor gevaarlike paaie te vervoer.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Harriss |first=Joseph |url=https://www.google.ru/books/edition/Yves_Montand/y8mrEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Le_Salaire_de_la_peur+novel+1949&pg=PA75&printsec=frontcover |title=Yves Montand: The Passionate Voice |date=9 January 2024 |publisher=University Press of Kentucky |isbn=978-0-8131-9862-0 |page=75 |language=en |access-date=24 Augustus 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Murphy |first=Robert |url=https://www.google.ru/books/edition/The_British_Cinema_Book/aBXxDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Le_Salaire_de_la_peur+novel+1949&pg=PA81&printsec=frontcover |title=The British Cinema Book |date=25 Julie 2019 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-83871-865-7 |page=81 |language=en |access-date=24 Augustus 2025}}</ref> == Rolprentverwerkings == Sedert 1953 is die roman verskeie kere verfilm:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://screenrant.com/wages-of-fear-netflix-2024-ending-explained/|title=Netflix's The Wages Of Fear Ending Explained|last=Cotter|first=Padraig|date=3 April 2024|website=Screen Rant|language=en|access-date=26 Augustus 2025}}</ref> * 1953: ''The Wages of Fear'' deur Henri-Georges Clouzot * 1960: ''Violent Road'' deur Howard W. Koch<ref name="RL">{{Cite book |last=Grant |first=John |url=https://www.google.ru/books/edition/A_Comprehensive_Encyclopedia_of_Film_Noi/fvcJEQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Le+Salaire+de+la+peur+arnaud+1949&pg=PA556&printsec=frontcover |title=A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Film Noir: The Essential Reference Guide |date=21 September 2023 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-4930-8165-3 |page=556 |language=en |access-date=24 Augustus 2025}}</ref> * 1976: ''South Fire'' deur Alain Brune * 1977: ''Sorcerer'' deur William Friedkin<ref name="RL" /> * 1988: ''Thaman Al-Khouf''; 'n Egiptiese TV-reeks losweg gebaseer op die roman.<ref>https://elcinema.com/work/1124245/</ref> * 2024: ''The Wages of Fear'' deur Julien Leclercq == Verwysings == {{Verwysings}} {{Normdata}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Salaire de la peur,Le}} [[Kategorie:Franse boeke]] 677d3t7rtdmrmcn2ehc97asj3g6414b 2917058 2917044 2026-07-12T00:33:15Z HermanvanAswegen988 200973 2917058 wikitext text/x-wiki {{TITELAANSIG|''Le Salaire de la peur''}} {{Inligtingskas Boek |naam = Le Salaire de la peur |beeld = |beeldonderskrif= |outeur = [[Georges Arnaud]] |land = [[Frankryk]] |taal = [[Frans]] |genre = Spanningsriller |uitgewer = Éditions Julliard |uitgewingsdatum= 1950 |medium = Gedruk |bladsye = 203 bl. |isbn = 9782260018117}} '''''Le Salaire de la peur''''' (letterlike Afrikaanse titel: ''Die Lone van Vrees'') is 'n rillerroman deur [[Georges Arnaud]] wat in 1950 deur Éditions Julliard gepubliseer is.<ref>{{Cite book |last=France |first=Peter |url=https://www.google.ru/books/edition/The_New_Oxford_Companion_to_Literature_i/YtYoAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=Le_Salaire_de_la_peur+novel+1949&dq=Le_Salaire_de_la_peur+novel+1949&printsec=frontcover |title=The New Oxford Companion to Literature in French |date=1995 |publisher=Clarendon Press |isbn=978-0-19-866125-2 |page=44 |language=en |access-date=24 Augustus 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Todd |first=Christopher |url=https://www.google.ru/books/edition/A_Century_of_French_Best_sellers_1890_19/AIxcAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=Le+Salaire+de+la+peur+arnaud+1949&dq=Le+Salaire+de+la+peur+arnaud+1949&printsec=frontcover |title=A Century of French Best-sellers (1890-1990) |date=1994 |publisher=E. Mellen Press |isbn=978-0-7734-9146-5 |page=89 |language=en |access-date=24 Augustus 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Goldenstein |first=Jean-Pierre |url=https://www.google.ru/books/edition/Lire_le_roman/uy9f__ZGRhIC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Le+Salaire+de+la+peur&pg=PA83&printsec=frontcover |title=Lire le roman |date=29 November 2005 |publisher=De Boeck Supérieur |isbn=978-2-8041-5010-5 |page=83 |language=fr |access-date=24 Augustus 2025}}</ref> Die roman is in verskeie tale vertaal en daar is meer as 2 miljoen eksemplare verkoop. Die eerste Britse uitgawe is in 1952 deur The Bodley Head gepubliseer, soos vertaal deur Norman Dale.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ashtonrarebooks.com/book/arnaud-georges-the-wages-of-fear/|title=Arnaud, Georges ~ The Wages Of Fear|publisher=ashtonrarebooks.com|access-date=24 Augustus 2025}}</ref> Die eerste Amerikaanse uitgawe was 'n hardebanduitgawe wat in 1952 deur [[Farrar, Straus en Giroux|Farrar, Straus en Young]] gepubliseer is. Die roman is opgedra aan die skrywer se vader. == Sinopsis == Die roman was die onderwerp van 'n aanvanklike filmverwerking deur Henri-Georges Clouzot in 1953, wat die verhaal vertel van vier desperate mans wat vasgevang is in 'n afgeleë dorp in [[Guatemala]] en die riskante taak aanvaar om 'n gevaarlike vrag [[nitrogliserien]] oor gevaarlike paaie te vervoer.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Harriss |first=Joseph |url=https://www.google.ru/books/edition/Yves_Montand/y8mrEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Le_Salaire_de_la_peur+novel+1949&pg=PA75&printsec=frontcover |title=Yves Montand: The Passionate Voice |date=9 January 2024 |publisher=University Press of Kentucky |isbn=978-0-8131-9862-0 |page=75 |language=en |access-date=24 Augustus 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Murphy |first=Robert |url=https://www.google.ru/books/edition/The_British_Cinema_Book/aBXxDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Le_Salaire_de_la_peur+novel+1949&pg=PA81&printsec=frontcover |title=The British Cinema Book |date=25 Julie 2019 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-83871-865-7 |page=81 |language=en |access-date=24 Augustus 2025}}</ref> == Rolprentverwerkings == Sedert 1953 is die roman verskeie kere verfilm:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://screenrant.com/wages-of-fear-netflix-2024-ending-explained/|title=Netflix's The Wages Of Fear Ending Explained|last=Cotter|first=Padraig|date=3 April 2024|website=Screen Rant|language=en|access-date=26 Augustus 2025}}</ref> * 1953: ''The Wages of Fear'' deur Henri-Georges Clouzot * 1960: ''Violent Road'' deur Howard W. Koch<ref name="RL">{{Cite book |last=Grant |first=John |url=https://www.google.ru/books/edition/A_Comprehensive_Encyclopedia_of_Film_Noi/fvcJEQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Le+Salaire+de+la+peur+arnaud+1949&pg=PA556&printsec=frontcover |title=A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Film Noir: The Essential Reference Guide |date=21 September 2023 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-4930-8165-3 |page=556 |language=en |access-date=24 Augustus 2025}}</ref> * 1976: ''South Fire'' deur Alain Brune * 1977: ''Sorcerer'' deur William Friedkin<ref name="RL" /> * 1988: ''Thaman Al-Khouf''; 'n Egiptiese TV-reeks losweg gebaseer op die roman.<ref>https://elcinema.com/work/1124245/</ref> * 2024: ''The Wages of Fear'' deur Julien Leclercq == Verwysings == {{Verwysings}} {{Normdata}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Salaire de la peur,Le}} [[Kategorie:Franse boeke]] oofhk29szakicor39zwafoxicx7d1pt 0 463705 2916987 2916962 2026-07-11T12:31:52Z Aliwal2012 39067 2916987 wikitext text/x-wiki Die '''[[1980 Formule Een-seisoen|1980]] [[Oostenrykse Grand Prix]]''' was 'n [[Formule Een]]- [[Motorsport|motorwedren]] wat op 17 Augustus 1980 by die [[Red Bull Ring|Österreichring]] gehou is. Dit was die tiende wedren van die wêreldkampioenskapseisoen. ==Uitslag== [[Lêer:Renault RS01 Deutsches Museum.jpg|duimnael|Die wenmotor, die Renault RS01]] {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;" |- ! Plek !! Nr. !! Renjaer !! Span !! Rondtes !! Tyd/Oorsaak !! Rooster !! Punte |- ! 1 | 15 | {{FR-VLAG}} '''[[Jean-Pierre Jabouille]]''' | '''[[Renault F1|Renault]]''' | 54 | 1:26:15.73 | 2 | '''9''' |- ! 2 | 27 | {{AU-VLAG}} '''[[Alan Jones]]''' | '''[[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]''' | 54 | +0.82 | 3 | '''6''' |- ! 3 | 28 | {{AR-VLAG}} '''[[Carlos Reutemann]]''' | '''[[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]''' | 54 | +19.36 | 4 | '''4''' |- ! 4 | 26 | {{FR-VLAG}} '''[[Jacques Laffite]]''' | '''[[Ligier]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]''' | 54 | +42.02 | 5 | '''3''' |- ! 5 | 5 | {{BR-VLAG}} '''[[Nelson Piquet]]''' | '''[[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]''' | 54 | +1:02.81 | 7 | '''2''' |- ! 6 | 12 | {{IT-VLAG}} '''[[Elio de Angelis]]''' | '''[[Team Lotus (1958-1994)|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]''' | 54 | +1:02.81 | 9 | '''1''' |- ! 7 | 8 | {{FR-VLAG}} [[Alain Prost]] | [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] | 54 | +1:33.41 | 12 | &nbsp; |- ! 8 | 2 | {{CA-VLAG}} [[Gilles Villeneuve]] | [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] | 53 | +1 Ronde | 15 | &nbsp; |- ! 9 | 16 | {{FR-VLAG}} [[René Arnoux]] | [[Renault F1|Renault]] | 53 | +1 Ronde | 1 | &nbsp; |- ! 10 | 6 | {{MX-VLAG}} [[Héctor Rebaque]] | [[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] | 53 | +1 Ronde | 14 | &nbsp; |- ! 11 | 20 | {{BR-VLAG}} [[Emerson Fittipaldi]] | [[Fittipaldi Automotive|Fittipaldi]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] | 53 | +1 Ronde | 23 | &nbsp; |- ! 12 | 9 | {{CH-VLAG}} [[Marc Surer]] | [[ATS F1|ATS]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] | 53 | +1 Ronde | 16 | &nbsp; |- ! 13 | 1 | [[Beeld:Flag of South Africa 1928-1994.svg|20px]] [[Jody Scheckter]] | [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] | 53 | +1 Ronde | 22 | &nbsp; |- ! 14 | 29 | {{IT-VLAG}} [[Riccardo Patrese]] | [[Arrows]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] | 53 | +1 Ronde | 18 | &nbsp; |- ! 15 | 50 | {{GB-VLAG}} [[Rupert Keegan]] | [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] | 52 | +2 Rondes | 20 | &nbsp; |- ! 16 | 21 | {{FI-VLAG}} [[Keke Rosberg]] | [[Fittipaldi Automotive|Fittipaldi]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] | 52 | +2 Rondes | 11 | &nbsp; |- |} {{F1GP 1980–1989}} [[Kategorie:Oostenrykse Grand Prix]] rp09vpefnx4exh00ecm4v7uqv69pbh1 0 463709 2916999 2026-07-11T13:57:39Z Maximiliaan Ronaldszoon 194050 Nuwe bladsy geskep met '{{Inligtingskas Sokkerspeler | name = Jayden Adams | image = | caption = | fullname = Jayden Oswin Adams | birth_date = [[5 Mei]] [[2001]] | birth_place = [[Mamelodi]], [[Suid-Afrika]] | death_date = {{sterfdatum en ouderdom|2026|07|11|2001|5|5|df=yes}} | death_place = [[Schotsche Kloof]], [[Kaapstad]], [[Suid-Afrika]]<ref>{{cite news |title=South Africa World Cup midfielder Adams dies aged 25 |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/cr47y5nvrqlo |access-d...' 2916999 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Inligtingskas Sokkerspeler | name = Jayden Adams | image = | caption = | fullname = Jayden Oswin Adams | birth_date = [[5 Mei]] [[2001]] | birth_place = [[Mamelodi]], [[Suid-Afrika]] | death_date = {{sterfdatum en ouderdom|2026|07|11|2001|5|5|df=yes}} | death_place = [[Schotsche Kloof]], [[Kaapstad]], [[Suid-Afrika]]<ref>{{cite news |title=South Africa World Cup midfielder Adams dies aged 25 |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/cr47y5nvrqlo |access-date=11 July 2026 |publisher=BBC Sport |date=11 July 2026}}</ref> | height = 1,75 m | position = Middelveldspeler | currentclub = | clubnumber = | youthyears1 = {{0|0000}}–2020 | youthclubs1 = [[Stellenbosch FC|Stellenbosch]] | years1 = 2020–2025 | clubs1 = [[Stellenbosch FC|Stellenbosch]] | caps1 = 109 | goals1 = 7 | years2 = 2025–2026 | clubs2 = [[Mamelodi Sundowns]] | caps2 = 40 | goals2 = 4 | totalcaps = 149 | totalgoals = 11 | nationalyears1 = 2022–2026 | nationalteam1 = [[Suid-Afrikaanse nasionale sokkerspan|Suid-Afrika]] | nationalcaps1 = 9 | nationalgoals1 = 2 }} '''Jayden Oswin Adams''' ([[5 Mei]] [[2001]] – [[11 Julie]] [[2026]]) was 'n [[Suid-Afrika|Suid-Afrikaanse]] professionele [[Sokker|sokkerspeler]] wat as middelveldspeler gespeel het. Hy het nege wedstryde vir [[Bafana Bafana]] gespeel en Suid-Afrika by die [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2026|2026 FIFA Wêreldbekertoernooi]] verteenwoordig. ==Verwysings== {{verwysings}} {{Suid-Afrikaanse-sokkerspeler-saadjie}} {{Portaalbalk|Sokker|Sport|Suid-Afrika}} {{Normdata}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Adams, Jayden}} [[Kategorie:Suid-Afrikaanse sokkerspelers]] [[Kategorie:Geboortes in 2001]] [[Kategorie:Lewende mense]] nvorveztopx8i82md35nyrixdw22qjk 2917001 2916999 2026-07-11T13:58:14Z Maximiliaan Ronaldszoon 194050 2917001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Inligtingskas Sokkerspeler | name = Jayden Adams | image = | caption = | fullname = Jayden Oswin Adams | birth_date = [[5 Mei]] [[2001]] | birth_place = [[Mamelodi]], [[Suid-Afrika]] | death_date = {{sterfdatum en ouderdom|2026|07|11|2001|5|5|df=yes}} | death_place = [[Schotsche Kloof]], [[Kaapstad]], [[Suid-Afrika]]<ref>{{cite news |title=South Africa World Cup midfielder Adams dies aged 25 |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/cr47y5nvrqlo |access-date=11 July 2026 |publisher=BBC Sport |date=11 July 2026}}</ref> | height = 1,75 m | position = Middelveldspeler | currentclub = | clubnumber = | youthyears1 = {{0|0000}}–2020 | youthclubs1 = [[Stellenbosch FC|Stellenbosch]] | years1 = 2020–2025 | clubs1 = [[Stellenbosch FC|Stellenbosch]] | caps1 = 109 | goals1 = 7 | years2 = 2025–2026 | clubs2 = [[Mamelodi Sundowns]] | caps2 = 40 | goals2 = 4 | totalcaps = 149 | totalgoals = 11 | nationalyears1 = 2022–2026 | nationalteam1 = [[Suid-Afrikaanse nasionale sokkerspan|Suid-Afrika]] | nationalcaps1 = 9 | nationalgoals1 = 2 }} '''Jayden Oswin Adams''' ([[5 Mei]] [[2001]] – [[11 Julie]] [[2026]]) was 'n [[Suid-Afrika|Suid-Afrikaanse]] professionele [[Sokker|sokkerspeler]] wat as middelveldspeler gespeel het. Hy het nege wedstryde vir [[Bafana Bafana]] gespeel en Suid-Afrika by die [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2026|2026 FIFA Wêreldbekertoernooi]] verteenwoordig. ==Verwysings== {{verwysings}} {{Suid-Afrikaanse-sokkerspeler-saadjie}} {{Portaalbalk|Sokker|Sport|Suid-Afrika}} {{Normdata}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Adams, Jayden}} [[Kategorie:Suid-Afrikaanse sokkerspelers]] [[Kategorie:Geboortes in 2001]] [[Kategorie:Sterftes in 2026]] 91yhxnwtqrz3ts0k6kodh7pbknue2tl 2917003 2917001 2026-07-11T14:04:37Z Maximiliaan Ronaldszoon 194050 2917003 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Inligtingskas Sokkerspeler | name = Jayden Adams | image = | caption = | fullname = Jayden Oswin Adams | birth_date = [[5 Mei]] [[2001]] | birth_place = [[Mamelodi]], [[Suid-Afrika]] | death_date = {{sterfdatum en ouderdom|2026|07|11|2001|5|5|df=yes}} | death_place = [[Schotsche Kloof]], [[Kaapstad]], [[Suid-Afrika]]<ref>{{cite news |title=South Africa World Cup midfielder Adams dies aged 25 |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/cr47y5nvrqlo |access-date=11 July 2026 |publisher=BBC Sport |date=11 July 2026}}</ref> | height = 1,75 m | position = Middelveldspeler | currentclub = | clubnumber = | youthyears1 = {{0|0000}}–2020 | youthclubs1 = [[Stellenbosch FC|Stellenbosch]] | years1 = 2020–2025 | clubs1 = [[Stellenbosch FC|Stellenbosch]] | caps1 = 109 | goals1 = 7 | years2 = 2025–2026 | clubs2 = [[Mamelodi Sundowns]] | caps2 = 40 | goals2 = 4 | totalcaps = 149 | totalgoals = 11 | nationalyears1 = 2022–2026 | nationalteam1 = [[Suid-Afrikaanse nasionale sokkerspan|Suid-Afrika]] | nationalcaps1 = 9 | nationalgoals1 = 2 }} '''Jayden Oswin Adams''' ([[5 Mei]] [[2001]] – [[11 Julie]] [[2026]]) was 'n [[Suid-Afrika|Suid-Afrikaanse]] professionele [[Sokker|sokkerspeler]] wat as middelveldspeler gespeel het. Hy het nege wedstryde vir [[Bafana Bafana]] gespeel en Suid-Afrika by die [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2026|2026 FIFA Wêreldbekertoernooi]] verteenwoordig.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/story/_/id/49333373/south-africa-midfielder-jayden-adams-dies-aged-25-weeks-world-cup-appearance|title=South Africa midfielder Jayden Adams dies aged 25, weeks after World Cup appearance|website=www.espn.co.uk|language=en|access-date=2026-07-11}}</ref> ==Verwysings== {{verwysings}} {{Suid-Afrikaanse-sokkerspeler-saadjie}} {{Portaalbalk|Sokker|Sport|Suid-Afrika}} {{Normdata}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Adams, Jayden}} [[Kategorie:Suid-Afrikaanse sokkerspelers]] [[Kategorie:Geboortes in 2001]] [[Kategorie:Sterftes in 2026]] 69n0vmlu16qn1ozpezswa1mv1xny8vh 2917025 2917003 2026-07-11T19:04:10Z Thiago Gomes da Silva 2025 210871 2917025 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Inligtingskas Sokkerspeler | name = Jayden Adams | image = | caption = | fullname = Jayden Oswin Adams | birth_date = {{geboortedatum|2001|5|5|}} | birth_place = [[Mamelodi]], [[Suid-Afrika]] | death_date = {{sterfdatum en ouderdom|2026|7|11|2001|5|5|df=yes}} | death_place = [[Schotsche Kloof]], [[Kaapstad]], [[Suid-Afrika]]<ref>{{cite news |title=South Africa World Cup midfielder Adams dies aged 25 |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/cr47y5nvrqlo |access-date=11 July 2026 |publisher=BBC Sport |date=11 July 2026}}</ref> | height = 1,75 m | position = Middelveldspeler | currentclub = | clubnumber = | youthyears1 = {{0|0000}}–2020 | youthclubs1 = [[Stellenbosch FC|Stellenbosch]] | years1 = 2020–2025 | clubs1 = [[Stellenbosch FC|Stellenbosch]] | caps1 = 109 | goals1 = 7 | years2 = 2025–2026 | clubs2 = [[Mamelodi Sundowns]] | caps2 = 40 | goals2 = 4 | totalcaps = 149 | totalgoals = 11 | nationalyears1 = 2022–2026 | nationalteam1 = [[Suid-Afrikaanse nasionale sokkerspan|Suid-Afrika]] | nationalcaps1 = 9 | nationalgoals1 = 2 }} '''Jayden Oswin Adams''' ([[5 Mei]] [[2001]] – [[11 Julie]] [[2026]]) was 'n [[Suid-Afrika|Suid-Afrikaanse]] professionele [[Sokker|sokkerspeler]] wat as middelveldspeler gespeel het. Hy het nege wedstryde vir [[Bafana Bafana]] gespeel en Suid-Afrika by die [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2026|2026 FIFA Wêreldbekertoernooi]] verteenwoordig.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/story/_/id/49333373/south-africa-midfielder-jayden-adams-dies-aged-25-weeks-world-cup-appearance|title=South Africa midfielder Jayden Adams dies aged 25, weeks after World Cup appearance|website=www.espn.co.uk|language=en|access-date=2026-07-11}}</ref> ==Verwysings== {{verwysings}} {{Suid-Afrikaanse-sokkerspeler-saadjie}} {{Portaalbalk|Sokker|Sport|Suid-Afrika}} {{Normdata}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Adams, Jayden}} [[Kategorie:Suid-Afrikaanse sokkerspelers]] [[Kategorie:Geboortes in 2001]] [[Kategorie:Sterftes in 2026]] oua0y5rdxfpa2fp9sp4rcj5upvvo3ux 2917043 2917025 2026-07-11T22:13:47Z YeetV4 205693 Image 2917043 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Inligtingskas Sokkerspeler | name = Jayden Adams | image =[[Lêer:Jayden Adams in 2023.jpg|220px]] | caption =Adams speel in 2023 vir Stellenbosch | fullname = Jayden Oswin Adams | birth_date = {{geboortedatum|2001|5|5|}} | birth_place = [[Mamelodi]], [[Suid-Afrika]] | death_date = {{sterfdatum en ouderdom|2026|7|11|2001|5|5|df=yes}} | death_place = [[Schotsche Kloof]], [[Kaapstad]], [[Suid-Afrika]]<ref>{{cite news |title=South Africa World Cup midfielder Adams dies aged 25 |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/cr47y5nvrqlo |access-date=11 July 2026 |publisher=BBC Sport |date=11 July 2026}}</ref> | height = 1,75 m | position = Middelveldspeler | currentclub = | clubnumber = | youthyears1 = {{0|0000}}–2020 | youthclubs1 = [[Stellenbosch FC|Stellenbosch]] | years1 = 2020–2025 | clubs1 = [[Stellenbosch FC|Stellenbosch]] | caps1 = 109 | goals1 = 7 | years2 = 2025–2026 | clubs2 = [[Mamelodi Sundowns]] | caps2 = 40 | goals2 = 4 | totalcaps = 149 | totalgoals = 11 | nationalyears1 = 2022–2026 | nationalteam1 = [[Suid-Afrikaanse nasionale sokkerspan|Suid-Afrika]] | nationalcaps1 = 9 | nationalgoals1 = 2 }} '''Jayden Oswin Adams''' ([[5 Mei]] [[2001]] – [[11 Julie]] [[2026]]) was 'n [[Suid-Afrika|Suid-Afrikaanse]] professionele [[Sokker|sokkerspeler]] wat as middelveldspeler gespeel het. Hy het nege wedstryde vir [[Bafana Bafana]] gespeel en Suid-Afrika by die [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2026|2026 FIFA Wêreldbekertoernooi]] verteenwoordig.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/story/_/id/49333373/south-africa-midfielder-jayden-adams-dies-aged-25-weeks-world-cup-appearance|title=South Africa midfielder Jayden Adams dies aged 25, weeks after World Cup appearance|website=www.espn.co.uk|language=en|access-date=2026-07-11}}</ref> ==Verwysings== {{verwysings}} {{Suid-Afrikaanse-sokkerspeler-saadjie}} {{Portaalbalk|Sokker|Sport|Suid-Afrika}} {{Normdata}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Adams, Jayden}} [[Kategorie:Suid-Afrikaanse sokkerspelers]] [[Kategorie:Geboortes in 2001]] [[Kategorie:Sterftes in 2026]] 20tz6doozw8qrbg96beyj10xiqc8k29 1 463710 2917002 2026-07-11T13:58:47Z Maximiliaan Ronaldszoon 194050 Nuwe bladsy geskep met '{{Kop van besprekingsbladsy}} {{Bladtrekke}}' 2917002 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kop van besprekingsbladsy}} {{Bladtrekke}} 2v27w7bebgol2ym1cn6ibpmrzbxwbzv 14 463711 2917019 2026-07-11T18:26:57Z Oesjaar 7467 Nuwe kategorie 2917019 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Broodkrummels}} {{Hoofartikel}} [[Kategorie:Ranunculaceae]] 7ala2eszjwwlbpu7vd8wbkqk9mq3ng5 15 463712 2917020 2026-07-11T18:27:43Z Oesjaar 7467 Verbeter 2917020 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kop van besprekingsbladsy}} {{Bladtrekke}} 2v27w7bebgol2ym1cn6ibpmrzbxwbzv 0 463713 2917022 2026-07-11T18:45:38Z Oesjaar 7467 Nuwe spesie 2917022 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Spesieboks | status = LC | status_system = iucn3.1 | name = Groot boskuikens | image = | taxon = Clematis bowkeri | authority = Burtt Davy ex W.T.Wang, (2004) | synonyms =* ''Clematis commutata var. glabrisepala'' <small>W.T.Wang</small> }} Die '''groot boskuikens''' (''Clematis bowkeri'') is 'n meerjarige plant wat deel van die Ranunculaceae [[Familie (biologie)|familie]] is. Die [[spesie]] is [[Endemie (ekologie)|endemies]] aan [[Suid-Afrika]] en kom in die [[Oos-Kaap]] by [[Gqeberha]] voor. == Bronnelys == * [https://redlist.sanbi.org/species.php?species=2009-57 REDLISt Sanbi] * [https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77062283-1 Plants of the World] * [https://biodiversityadvisor.sanbi.org/search/detail/ccc36f6d-5061-4406-9fc9-5f6c17c8a332 Biodiversityadvisor] * [https://pza.sanbi.org/chlorophytum-bowkeri PlantZAfrica] {{Taksonbalk}} [[Kategorie:Clematis|bowkeri]] [[Kategorie:Flora van Suid-Afrika]] [[Kategorie:Endemiese plante van Suid-Afrika]] ppzkmv42mrrndnq32fb7nh72vnh6l0r 1 463714 2917023 2026-07-11T18:47:31Z Oesjaar 7467 Verbeter 2917023 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kop van besprekingsbladsy}} {{Bladtrekke}} 2v27w7bebgol2ym1cn6ibpmrzbxwbzv 0 463715 2917024 2026-07-11T18:50:02Z Oesjaar 7467 Aanstuur 2917024 wikitext text/x-wiki #AANSTUUR [[Clematis bowkeri]] g0i0jt4sx7k60tkac54ua6s0gu5kb8w 0 463716 2917027 2026-07-11T19:06:55Z Oesjaar 7467 Nuwe spesie met foto's. 2917027 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Spesieboks | status = | status_system = iucn3.1 | name = | image = | taxon = Asparagus adscendens | authority = Roxb., (1832) | synonyms =* ''Asparagopsis adscendens'' <small>(Roxb.) Kunth</small> * ''Asparagus satawur'' <small>James A.Murray</small> * ''Protasparagus adscendens'' <small>(Roxb.) Kamble</small> }} '''''Asparagopsis adscendens''''' is 'n klein [[strui]] wat deel van die Asparagaceae [[Familie (biologie)|familie]] is. Die [[spesie]] is [[inheems]] aan [[Indië]], [[Pakistan]] en die [[Wes-Himalaja|Himalaja]] in [[China]]. == Galery == <gallery> Asparagales - Asparagus adscendens - 2.jpg Asparagales - Asparagus adscendens 1.jpg Asparagus adscendens DSC 6912.JPG </gallery> == Bron == * [https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:530993-1 Plants of the World] {{Taksonbalk}} [[Kategorie:Asparagopsis|adscendens]] [[Kategorie:Flora van Indië]] [[Kategorie:Flora van Pakistan]] [[Kategorie:Flora van die Volksrepubliek China]] ti0xtg4wzxqjx7doen1w18ibx8v917v 2917028 2917027 2026-07-11T19:07:10Z Oesjaar 7467 Ai! 2917028 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Spesieboks | status = | status_system = iucn3.1 | name = | image = | taxon = Asparagus adscendens | authority = Roxb., (1832) | synonyms =* ''Asparagopsis adscendens'' <small>(Roxb.) Kunth</small> * ''Asparagus satawur'' <small>James A.Murray</small> * ''Protasparagus adscendens'' <small>(Roxb.) Kamble</small> }} '''''Asparagopsis adscendens''''' is 'n klein [[struik]] wat deel van die Asparagaceae [[Familie (biologie)|familie]] is. Die [[spesie]] is [[inheems]] aan [[Indië]], [[Pakistan]] en die [[Wes-Himalaja|Himalaja]] in [[China]]. == Galery == <gallery> Asparagales - Asparagus adscendens - 2.jpg Asparagales - Asparagus adscendens 1.jpg Asparagus adscendens DSC 6912.JPG </gallery> == Bron == * [https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:530993-1 Plants of the World] {{Taksonbalk}} [[Kategorie:Asparagopsis|adscendens]] [[Kategorie:Flora van Indië]] [[Kategorie:Flora van Pakistan]] [[Kategorie:Flora van die Volksrepubliek China]] ryd9lc5yhuplt803pd4qnc96l1ohfnm 2917029 2917028 2026-07-11T19:08:45Z Oesjaar 7467 /* Bron */ Verbeter 2917029 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Spesieboks | status = | status_system = iucn3.1 | name = | image = | taxon = Asparagus adscendens | authority = Roxb., (1832) | synonyms =* ''Asparagopsis adscendens'' <small>(Roxb.) Kunth</small> * ''Asparagus satawur'' <small>James A.Murray</small> * ''Protasparagus adscendens'' <small>(Roxb.) Kamble</small> }} '''''Asparagopsis adscendens''''' is 'n klein [[struik]] wat deel van die Asparagaceae [[Familie (biologie)|familie]] is. Die [[spesie]] is [[inheems]] aan [[Indië]], [[Pakistan]] en die [[Wes-Himalaja|Himalaja]] in [[China]]. == Galery == <gallery> Asparagales - Asparagus adscendens - 2.jpg Asparagales - Asparagus adscendens 1.jpg Asparagus adscendens DSC 6912.JPG </gallery> == Bron == * [https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:530993-1 Plants of the World] {{Taksonbalk}} [[Kategorie:Asparagus|adscendens]] [[Kategorie:Flora van Indië]] [[Kategorie:Flora van Pakistan]] [[Kategorie:Flora van die Volksrepubliek China]] 5d5zusizt4852y1semlfo1ecvatjxvj 2917033 2917029 2026-07-11T19:11:34Z Oesjaar 7467 Verbeter 2917033 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Spesieboks | status = | status_system = iucn3.1 | name = | image = | taxon = Asparagus adscendens | authority = Roxb., (1832) | synonyms =* ''Asparagopsis adscendens'' <small>(Roxb.) Kunth</small> * ''Asparagus satawur'' <small>James A.Murray</small> * ''Protasparagus adscendens'' <small>(Roxb.) Kamble</small> }} '''''Asparagopsis adscendens''''' is 'n klein [[struik]] wat deel van die Asparagaceae [[Familie (biologie)|familie]] is. Die [[spesie]] is [[inheems]] aan [[Indië]], [[Pakistan]] en die [[Himalaja|Wes-Himalaja]] in [[China]]. == Galery == <gallery> Asparagales - Asparagus adscendens - 2.jpg Asparagales - Asparagus adscendens 1.jpg Asparagus adscendens DSC 6912.JPG </gallery> == Bron == * [https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:530993-1 Plants of the World] {{Taksonbalk}} [[Kategorie:Asparagus|adscendens]] [[Kategorie:Flora van Indië]] [[Kategorie:Flora van Pakistan]] [[Kategorie:Flora van die Volksrepubliek China]] oxptvtl46d5wagp0cw7g7ar48qtwnrc 1 463717 2917030 2026-07-11T19:09:22Z Oesjaar 7467 Verbeter 2917030 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kop van besprekingsbladsy}} {{Bladtrekke}} 2v27w7bebgol2ym1cn6ibpmrzbxwbzv 15 463718 2917031 2026-07-11T19:10:00Z Oesjaar 7467 Verbeter 2917031 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kop van besprekingsbladsy}} {{Bladtrekke}} 2v27w7bebgol2ym1cn6ibpmrzbxwbzv 15 463719 2917032 2026-07-11T19:10:25Z Oesjaar 7467 Verbeter 2917032 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kop van besprekingsbladsy}} {{Bladtrekke}} 2v27w7bebgol2ym1cn6ibpmrzbxwbzv 0 463720 2917038 2026-07-11T19:57:11Z Morne 672 Nuwe bladsy geskep met ''''Rina Nienaber''' (gebore [[18 April]] [[1953]]) is ’n [[Suid-Afrika]]anse aktrise, stemkunstenaar en oorklankingsregisseur. Haar loopbaan strek oor teater, radio, televisie, rolprente en stemwerk. Sy het onder meer in die televisiereekse en ''Getroud met Rugby'' verskyn, in verskeie Afrikaanse verhoogproduksies opgetree en die stem van Peter in die Afrikaanse weergawe van die animasiereeks ''Heidi'' vertolk. ==Jeug en opleiding== Nienaber het in Bloemfontein...' 2917038 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rina Nienaber''' (gebore [[18 April]] [[1953]]) is ’n [[Suid-Afrika]]anse aktrise, stemkunstenaar en oorklankingsregisseur. Haar loopbaan strek oor teater, radio, televisie, rolprente en stemwerk. Sy het onder meer in die televisiereekse en ''Getroud met Rugby'' verskyn, in verskeie Afrikaanse verhoogproduksies opgetree en die stem van Peter in die Afrikaanse weergawe van die animasiereeks ''Heidi'' vertolk. ==Jeug en opleiding== Nienaber het in [[Bloemfontein]] grootgeword en aan die [[Hoërskool Sentraal]] gematrikuleer. Sy was die jongste van twee kinders. Haar ouer broer is jare daarna in ’n motorongeluk oorlede. Albei haar ouers is in 1917 gebore en musiek en toneelspel was deel van haar gesinslewe. Haar moeder was ’n liriese sopraan, pianis, onderwyseres en dosent aan ’n onderwyskollege. Sy het by Anna Richter-Visser se toneelskool gestudeer, daar klasgegee en saam met Richter-Visser in ''Vroue van Troje'' opgetree. Nienaber se vader het goed gesing. Nienaber wou aanvanklik ballet volg, maar haar vader het haar daarop gewys dat dit ’n kort loopbaan kon wees. Sy het daarna drama aan die Universiteit Stellenbosch studeer. Een van haar dosente was Rina Botha, wie se opleiding in stemgebruik ’n belangrike invloed op haar gehad het. Nienaber het vertel dat sy tydens een van haar eerste klasse onverwags gevra is om ’n gedig voor te dra. Omdat sy uit spanning nie een kon onthou nie, moes sy ’n bundel oopmaak en lees waar die boek oopval. Die gedig was “Die Gevalle Zoeloe-Indoena” deur [[C.M. van den Heever]]. Botha se oordeel was dat Nienaber oor heelwat talent maar min tegniek beskik. Sy het haar daarna verseker dat die tegniek aangeleer kon word. Onder Nienaber se medestudente was die skrywer en rolprentresensent [[Leon van Nierop]]. Sy het reeds uit haar skooljare die aktrise [[Elize Cawood]] en haar broer, die regisseur [[Bromley Cawood]], geken. ==Loopbaan== ===Teaterloopbaan=== Nienaber het vroeg in haar loopbaan in plaaslike Afrikaanse en Suid-Afrikaanse verhoogwerk belanggestel. Sy het opgetree in [[Hennie Aucamp]] se ''Met Permissie Gesê'', wat as die eerste Afrikaanse kabaret beskryf word. Die produksie is aanvanklik met studente aangebied en is daarna na Johannesburg geneem. Sy het verder verskyn in [[Pieter-Dirk Uys]] se ''Die Van Aardes van Grootoor'' en [[Bartho Smit]] se ''Putsonderwater''. Ander verhoogwerk het Afrikaanse en vertaalde produksies ingesluit, onder meer [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]] se ''Romeo and Juliet'' en [[Eugène Ionesco]] se ''The Lesson''. Nienaber het dikwels vertel van die onvoorspelbaarheid van verhoogwerk. In ''Die Van Aardes van Grootoor'' het sy saam met [[Antoinette Kellermann]] opgetree. Tydens een vertoning het ’n vlieg in hul kostuumkappies beland en tussen hulle rondbeweeg, wat dit moeilik gemaak het om ernstig te bly. Die geselskap moes die stuk ook voor die sensuurraad opvoer, waar die gebrek aan gehoorreaksie sterk gekontrasteer het met gewone vertonings waartydens gehore luid gelag het. === Radio en stemwerk === Nienaber se radioloopbaan het begin nadat Leon van Nierop haar van oudisies vir radioteater by die [[Suid-Afrikaanse Uitsaaikorporasie|SAUK]] se gebou in Commissionerstraat, [[Johannesburg]], vertel het. Die oudisie is deur [[Nic Swanepoel]], Van Nierop en [[Paul Eilers]] afgeneem. Kort daarna is sy vir ’n radiodrama gekies en het sy, tot haar verbasing, die vroulike hoofrol ontvang. Sy het met die jare gereeld in radiodramas opgetree. Haar dogter, Christine Voorendyk, het eveneens stemwerk vir [[Radio Sonder Grense|RSG]] se Radioteater gedoen. Nienaber het ’n besonderse belangstelling in stemwerk ontwikkel. Sy het die stem van Peter, die seuntjie sonder ’n voortand, in die Afrikaanse weergawe van ''Heidi'' vertolk. Die reeks het groot gewildheid geniet, en ’n illustrasie van Heidi het op die voorblad van [[Huisgenoot]] verskyn, saam met ’n kleiner foto van Nienaber en ’n verwysing na haar as die stem van Peter. Sy het vervolgens as oorklankingsregisseur gewerk, onder meer aan Turkse televisiereekse wat op [[kykNET]] uitgesaai is. Sy was ook die oorklankingsregisseur van Walt Disney se Zoeloe-weergawe van ''The Lion King''. Volgens Nienaber bied stemwerk ’n besondere uitdaging omdat die stem alleen die beelde en emosies vir die luisteraar moet skep. ===Televisie en rolprente=== Nienaber het in verskeie televisiereekse verskyn. Sy was ses jaar lank deel van die SABC1-sepie ''Generations'' en het ’n lang verbintenis met die kykNET-sepie ''Getroud met Rugby'' gehad. In ''Getroud met Rugby'' het sy teenoor [[Louis van Niekerk]] gespeel, wat haar televisieman, Festus, vertolk het. Sy het Van Niekerk as ’n vaderfiguur in die toneelbedryf beskryf en gesê hy het haar nie net oor toneelspel nie, maar ook oor die lewe geleer. Nienaber het in die reeks ''TJ 7'', onder regie van [[Katinka Heyns]], verskyn. In dié reeks was sy deel van die laaste toneel wat van die aktrise Wena Naudé verfilm is. Nienaber het ’n kleedkamer met Naudé gedeel en onthou hoe sy haar lang grys hare geborsel en gevleg het. Sy het verder in produksies soos ''Trompie'', ''Maplotters'' en die rolprent ''Die Spaanse Vlieg'' verskyn. In ''Trompie'' het sy die hoofkarakter se suster gespeel. Sean du Preez, wat Blikkies gespeel het, was een van die kollegas aan wie sy met deernis teruggedink het. == Huwelik met Dick Voorendyk == Nienaber is op [[29 Mei]] [[1982]] in [[Parkview, Johannesburg|Parkview]], Johannesburg, met die vervaardiger en regisseur Dick Voorendyk getroud. Die onthaal is by die Sunnyside Park-hotel in [[Parktown]] gehou. Die fotograaf [[Nato Barnard]] het toevallig van die huwelik te hore gekom nadat hy [[Herman Binge]] en [[Joanie Combrink]] se motor gevolg het, omdat hy vermoed het hulle was op pad na die troue. Voorendyk het reeds tydens sy militêre diens ’n foto van Nienaber in ’n tydskrif gesien en aan ’n medesoldaat gesê hy gaan met haar trou. Hulle het mekaar egter eers behoorlik leer ken nadat hy ''Met Permissie Gesê'' by die [[Markteater]] gaan kyk het. Voorendyk het as werknemer van Oude Meester gehelp om ’n borgskap vir die produksie te bekom. Die egpaar het twee kinders, Christine en Victor, gehad. Hulle het sedert 1994 in [[Greenside]], Johannesburg, gewoon. Op 29 Mei 2022 het hulle hul 40ste huweliksherdenking gevier. Albei het hul verhouding as ’n hegte vriendskap beskryf. Hulle het belangstellings in kuns, stories, reis en kos gedeel, maar mekaar ruimte gegee om onafhanklike loopbane te volg. Voorendyk was ’n vervaardiger en dokumentêre maker wat musiekprogramme vervaardig en die [[Boesman|San]] gedokumenteer het. Hy het in die 1980’s ’n Star Tonight-prys vir sy dokumentêre reeks ''The History of Jazz'' ontvang. Hy was die vervaardiger van ''[[Die Hartseerwals]]'', wat op die plaas van sy kinderjare naby [[Ottosdal]] verfilm is. Dick Voorendyk is op [[20 Junie]] [[2026]] op 72-jarige ouderdom aan natuurlike oorsake oorlede. By sy gedenkdiens het Christine en Victor hul ouers se verhouding as ’n dinamiese vennootskap beskryf. == Verdere loopbaan == Nienaber het ná dekades in die bedryf aangehou werk. Sy het haar loopbaan as veelsydig beskou omdat ouer karakters steeds ’n noodsaaklike deel van stories vorm. Sy het gesê ouderdom bring groter onsekerheid oor toneelspel, maar terselfdertyd dankbaarheid dat sy steeds kon werk. Sy het ’n voorkeur vir plaaslike verhale en oorspronklike Afrikaanse en Suid-Afrikaanse werk behou. Vir haar was toneelspel nie tot een medium beperk nie: radio, televisie, teater, rolprente en oorklanking het elkeen verskillende eise gestel en haar in staat gestel om haar stem, spel en ervaring op verskillende maniere te gebruik. == Persoonlike lewe == Nienaber het haar huwelik met Voorendyk as ’n diep vriendskap beskryf. Sy het dié opvatting verbind aan iets wat haar moeder oor haar eie huwelik gesê het: dat sy nie geweet het wat sy sonder haar “ou pêl” sou doen nie. Die egpaar se hond, Peanut, ’n worshond, was deel van hul huislike lewe. Nienaber het haar kinders se kunstalent erken: Christine het gereeld stemwerk gedoen, terwyl Victor volgens haar ’n natuurlike spelvermoë gehad het, hoewel hy nie ’n beroep in die vermaaklikheidsbedryf gevolg het nie. == Bronnelys == * Opperman, A.J. 2022. “Rina en Dick ná 40 Jaar Steeds Mekaar se Beste ‘Pelle’.” Netwerk24, 29 Mei. Beskikbaar by: https://www.netwerk24.com/rina-en-dick-na-40-jaar-steeds-mekaar-se-beste-pels-20220527. Geraadpleeg 11 Julie 2026. * Opperman, A.J. 2023. “Rina Nienaber op 70: Toevallighede Was Dalk Al die Tyd Deel van Haar Pad.” Netwerk24, 18 April. Beskikbaar by: https://www.netwerk24.com/kunste/rina-nienaber-op-70-toevallighede-was-dalk-al-die-tyd-deel-van-haar-pad-20230418. Geraadpleeg 11 Julie 2026. * Opperman, A.J. 2026. “Rina Nienaber se Man Saterdag Gegroet.” Netwerk24, 11 Julie. Beskikbaar by: https://www.netwerk24.com/kunste/aktueel/rina-nienaber-se-man-saterdag-gegroet-20260711-0759. Geraadpleeg 11 Julie 2026. * The Movie Database. Sonder datum. “Rina Nienaber.” TMDB. Beskikbaar by: https://www.themoviedb.org/person/1149619-rina-nienaber?language=af-ZA. Geraadpleeg 11 Julie 2026. * TVSA. Sonder datum. “Rina Nienaber.” TVSA: South Africa’s TV Website. Beskikbaar by: https://www.tvsa.co.za/actors/viewactor.aspx?actorid=11594. Geraadpleeg 11 Julie 2026. {{DEFAULTSORT:Nienaber, Rina}} [[Kategorie:Suid-Afrikaanse aktrises]] [[Kategorie:Suid-Afrikaanse aktrises van die 20ste eeu]] [[Kategorie:Suid-Afrikaanse aktrises van die 21ste eeu]] [[Kategorie:Geboortes in 1953]] [[Kategorie:Lewende mense]] l5w42zr3bimw75vlv4259x9jz0uak2v 0 463721 2917040 2026-07-11T20:28:49Z Morne 672 Nuwe bladsy geskep met ''''Joanie Combrink''' (gebore [[19 September]] [[1958]]) is ’n Suid-Afrikaanse aktrise, stemkunstenaar en regisseur van radiodramas en oorklankings. Haar loopbaan strek oor teater, radio, televisie en rolprente. Sy het reeds in die vroeë 1980’s op televisie begin werk en het daarna in talle Afrikaanse reekse, verhoogproduksies en hoorspele verskyn. Sy is onder meer bekend vir die titelrol in ''Sterretjie'', asook vir haar werk in ''Die Manakwalanners'', ''Nêre...' 2917040 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joanie Combrink''' (gebore [[19 September]] [[1958]]) is ’n Suid-Afrikaanse aktrise, stemkunstenaar en regisseur van radiodramas en oorklankings. Haar loopbaan strek oor teater, radio, televisie en rolprente. Sy het reeds in die vroeë 1980’s op televisie begin werk en het daarna in talle Afrikaanse reekse, verhoogproduksies en hoorspele verskyn. Sy is onder meer bekend vir die titelrol in ''Sterretjie'', asook vir haar werk in ''Die Manakwalanners'', ''Nêrens, Noord-Kaap'', ''Trompoppie'' en ''Een Keer om die Son''. == Jeug en opleiding == Combrink is in [[Pretoria]] gebore en het daar grootgeword. Sy het haar laerskoolopleiding aan die [[Laerskool Anton van Wouw]] ontvang en daarna aan die [[Afrikaanse Hoër Meisieskool]] gematrikuleer. Ná skool het sy ’n jaar lank tale aan die [[Universiteit van Pretoria]] studeer. Sy het daarna na Stellenbosch verhuis, waar sy drama aan die [[Universiteit Stellenbosch|Universiteit van Stellenbosch]] studeer het. Volgens ander biografiese bronne het sy haar toneelopleiding aan die Akademie vir Dramakuns in Kaapstad ontvang, ’n instelling wat nou met die Universiteit Stellenbosch se dramaopleiding verbind was. Tydens haar studiejare het sy die vervaardiger [[Herman Binge]] ontmoet, met wie sy getroud is. == Huwelik en gesin == Combrink was met die televisie-en-rolprentvervaardiger Herman Binge getroud. Hy is in 1953 gebore en is in 2021 oorlede. Die egpaar het twee seuns, Laurie Binge en [[Ludwig Binge]]. Laurie het ’n akademiese loopbaan gevolg en ’n doktorsgraad in ekonomie behaal. Ludwig het ’n akteur en dramaturg geword. Hy is genoem na sy oupa aan vaderskant, Ludwig Binge, ’n teaterhistorikus wat die ontwikkeling van die Afrikaanse toneel gedokumenteer het. Combrink en Ludwig het verskeie kere saam gewerk. Hulle het albei in die televisieproduksies ''Dwaalster'' en ''Nêrens, Noord-Kaap'' verskyn en was saam in RSG se vervolgverhaal ''Die Tuiskoms van Mina Afrika'' te hoor. Op die verhoog het hulle in ''Op Dees Aarde'', ''Die Koninkryk van die Diere'' en ''Bloudruk vir ’n Nog Beter Lewe'' opgetree. Combrink het gesê dit was aanvanklik vir haar spanningsvol om saam met haar seun te speel omdat sy as moeder wou hê dit moes met hom goed gaan. Ná enkele repetisies kon sy egter op die werk en haar medeakteurs konsentreer. Sy het Ludwig se insig in tekste en karakterontleding hoog aangeslaan. ==Loopbaan == === Vroeë televisieloopbaan === Combrink het in 1981 haar televisiedebuut in die reeks ''Gazette'' gemaak. Die skrywer en regisseur [[Jan Scholtz]] was ook verantwoordelik vir haar volgende groot televisierol, die titelkarakter in ''Sterretjie'' in 1982. Sy het dié reeks beskryf as die produksie waardeur kykers haar waarskynlik die beste sou onthou. Een van haar gunsteling- vroeë rolle was in [[Regardt van den Bergh]] se enkeldrama ''Annelie se Jerry''. Sy het daarin ’n stil, slinkse en manipulerende jong vrou vertolk. Die rol het haar aangespreek omdat die karakter min woorde gebruik het en sterk van haar eie persoonlikheid verskil het. Haar ander vroeë televisiewerk sluit reekse soos ''Herberg'', ''Die Manakwalanners'', ''Die Jare Daarna'', ''Kinders van die Sabbatsee'', ''Woestynblom'', ''Soutmansland'', ''Dennekruin 12'', ''Malan en Kie'', ''Vloeksteen'' en ''Waterfront'' in. Sy het verder in Engelstalige en veeltalige produksies soos ''This Life'', ''Death in the Family'', ''SOS'', ''Madam & Eve'', ''Interrogation Room'' en ''Oepse Daisy'' verskyn. In ''This Life'' het sy in 2004 die rol mev. Prinsloo vertolk. In die SABC2-minireeks ''Malan en Kie'' het sy in 2008 as die ontvangsdame Moira verskyn. === Latere televisiewerk === Combrink het in die [[kykNET]]-drama ''Nêrens, Noord-Kaap'' verskyn. Haar seun Ludwig was eweneens deel van die rolverdeling, hoewel hul karakters nie teenoor mekaar gespeel het nie. In ''Trompoppie'', wat op [[Showmax]] uitgesaai is, het sy die skoolhoof Kate Basson vertolk. Sy het die rol as ’n ander soort uitdaging as haar kinderteater- en radiowerk beskou omdat elke medium sy eie voorbereiding en spelstyl vereis. In ''Een Keer om die Son'' vertolk sy Elma van Wyk, ’n avontuurlustige en passievolle vrou wat jare lank haar man se loopbaan ondersteun het terwyl sy ’n suksesvolle tuisnywerheid bedryf het. Ná sy aftrede wil Elma nuwe ervarings aanpak en meer reis. Combrink het die karakter as dapperder, meer ekstrovert en meer reguit as haarself beskryf. Sy het waardering uitgespreek vir Elma se openheid en haar bereidwilligheid om haar frustrasies uit te spreek. Die reeks is deur [[Ivan Botha]] geregisseer, wie se duidelike leiding en ontspanne werksatmosfeer sy geloof het. === Teaterloopbaan === Combrink het met die jare in ’n groot verskeidenheid Afrikaanse en vertaalde verhoogproduksies opgetree. Haar vroeë werk sluit ''Susanna die Geliefde'', ''Yerma'', ''The Boy Friend'', ''Jong Dames Dinamiet'', ''Drafstap of Drentel'', ''Die Huis van Bernarda Alba'', ''Ferreira'', ''Ou Blare'' en ''Op Dees Aarde'' in. Sy het voorts in ''Sandton City Grootdoop'', ''Feeskatte'', ''Braam en die Engel'', ''Die Uurwerk Kantel'', ''Eet Alles'' en ''Hortjies Dig'' opgetree. ''Die Uurwerk Kantel'' is in 2003 op die [[Woordfees]] aangebied en ''Eet Alles'' in 2004 op [[Aardklop]]. In ''Braam en die Engel'' het sy as verteller opgetree. Die bekroonde produksie is onder meer by die [[Klein Karoo Nasionale Kunstefees|KKNK]] en die [[Suidoosterfees]] aangebied. Combrink het die stuk vergelyk met [[Antoine de Saint-Exupéry]] se ''The Little Prince'' omdat dit eksistensiële vrae oor eensaamheid, verlies, vriendskap, liefde en die dood op ’n toeganklike manier ondersoek. Sy het gesê stories help kinders om hul gevoelens te verstaan, sin van ervarings te maak, hul verbeelding te ontwikkel en empatie aan te leer. Volgens haar kan kinderteater sonder groot effekte steeds sterk werk wanneer die taal, spel en verbeelding die gehoor aangryp. In ''Hortjies Dig: Die Storie van die Digter Peter Blum'' was sy deel van ’n produksie oor die digter se lewe en werk. Sy het verder in die produksie ''-LOOS'' opgetree. Combrink het ’n Fiësta-teaterprys vir beste aktrise vir haar rol in ''Toutjies en Ferreira'' ontvang. Die werk is later ook as televisiefilm vervaardig. === Radio- en stemwerk === Combrink het ’n lang verbintenis met radioteater. Sy het in hoorspele opgetree, tekste voorgelees en produksies geregisseer. Haar werk het sowel dramaproduksies as vervolgverhale en boekvoorlesings ingesluit. Sy was saam met Ludwig Binge in [[Radio Sonder Grense|RSG]] se ''Die Tuiskoms van Mina Afrika'' te hoor, onder regie van [[Eben Cruywagen]]. Combrink het in die 1990’s die Afrikaanse stem in die animasiereeks ''Moemin'' gelewer. Sy het dié werk as een van haar aangenaamste stemrolle onthou. Benewens toneelspel het sy as regisseur van radiodramas en televisiedubbings gewerk. Haar vermoë om tussen mediums te beweeg, het haar loopbaan oor meer as vier dekades verbreed. === Rolprente === Combrink se rolprentwerk sluit ''Tornado'' uit 2009 en die televisiefilm ''Toutjies en Ferreira'' uit 2022 in. Sy het in verskeie ander verfilmde dramas en televisiefilms verskyn, waaronder ''Annelie se Jerry''. == Benadering tot toneelspel == Combrink het ’n voorkeur vir karakters wat ver van haar eie persoonlikheid en omstandighede verwyderd is. Sy geniet komedie, veral donker komedie, en vind dit stimulerend om ’n karakter se motiewe en gedrag uit die teks af te lei. Haar voorbereiding hang van die medium, rol en teks af. Sy het repetisies as die deel van toneelspel beskryf waarin sy die gelukkigste is, veral wanneer ’n entoesiastiese regisseur en ’n toegewyde geselskap die teks saam ontgin. Volgens Combrink gebruik ’n akteur onvermydelik eie ervarings en indrukke, maar moet dit aangewend word om ’n geloofwaardige karakter in ’n ander werklikheid te skep. Sy het gesê die universele eienskappe van menswees bly herkenbaar, selfs wanneer karakters se omstandighede sterk verskil. Sy het haarself as eerder stil en teruggetrokke beskryf en gesê sy wens soms sy was dapperder. Toe sy jonger was, het haar stil geaardheid soms die indruk van misterie geskep. Sy bewonder mense wat gemaklik in hul eie vel is, asook openheid, rustigheid en dapperheid. == Belangstellings en persoonlike lewe == Combrink geniet lees, reis, natuur en samesyn met haar seuns, haar skoondogter en nabye vriende. Sy hou van Italiaanse kos en het [[Kaapstad]] as haar gunstelingstad beskryf. Sy het ’n besondere voorliefde vir plekke met rooi grond, doringbome en ’n droë bosveldklimaat. Haar skoondogter Elize le Roux het sy as ’n “engel” in haar eie lewe beskryf. Combrink het haar kommer uitgespreek oor kinders wat honger ly of in vrees leef, mense in informele nedersettings en diere wat mishandel word. Sy het gesê sy sou die engel uit ''Braam en die Engel'' na al sulke plekke wou stuur. Haar loopbaan word gekenmerk deur volgehoue werk in uiteenlopende genres en mediums, van televisiedrama en rolprente tot kinderteater, klassieke verhoogwerk, hoorspele, boekvoorlesings en regie. == Bronne == * {{cite web |url=https://www.tvsa.co.za/actors/viewactor.aspx?actorid=8334 |title=Joanie Combrink |publisher=TVSA |language=en |access-date=11 Julie 2026}} * {{cite web |url=https://www.netwerk24.com/sarie/bekendes/joanie-combrink-gesels-oor-haar-loopbaan-en-hoe-dit-is-om-saam-met-haar-seun-te-werk-20240821 |title=Joanie Combrink Gesels oor Haar Loopbaan en Hoe Dit Is om Saam met Haar Seun te Werk |first=Marteli |last=Brewis |date=21 Augustus 2024 |work=Sarie |publisher=Netwerk24 |language=af |access-date=11 Julie 2026}} * {{cite web |url=https://www.netwerk24.com/sarie/bekendes/joanie-combrink-wens-sy-was-meer-dapper-20200526 |title=Joanie Combrink Wens Sy Was Dapperder |first=Fanie |last=Cronjé |date=26 Mei 2020 |work=Sarie |publisher=Netwerk24 |language=af |access-date=11 Julie 2026}} * {{cite web |url=https://www.netwerk24.com/kunste/feeste/kknk/combrink-wil-n-engel-na-die-plekke-stuur-20240320 |title=Combrink Wil ’n Engel na Dié Plekke Stuur |first=Mariana |last=Malan |date=22 Maart 2024 |publisher=Netwerk24 |language=af |access-date=11 Julie 2026}} * {{cite web |url=https://www.netwerk24.com/ma-joanie-en-ludwig-deel-passie-vir-teater-20211115 |title=Ma Joanie en Ludwig Deel Passie vir Teater |first=A.J. |last=Opperman |date=16 November 2021 |publisher=Netwerk24 |language=af |access-date=11 Julie 2026}} * {{cite web |url=https://www.netwerk24.com/huisgenoot/vermaak/kyk/trompoppie-ontmoet-die-sterre-van-die-reeks-en-dis-waarna-jy-kan-uitsien-20231208 |title=Trompoppie: Ontmoet die Sterre van die Reeks en Dís Waarna Jy Kan Uitsien |first=Jody-Lynn |last=Taylor |date=8 Desember 2023 |work=Huisgenoot |publisher=Netwerk24 |language=af |access-date=11 Julie 2026}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Combrink, Joanie}} [[Kategorie:Suid-Afrikaanse aktrises]] [[Kategorie:Suid-Afrikaanse aktrises van die 20ste eeu]] [[Kategorie:Suid-Afrikaanse aktrises van die 21ste eeu]] [[Kategorie:Geboortes in 1958]] [[Kategorie:Lewende mense]] 74vaxhi1y6o2prso1m7r69a8sg823t3 0 463722 2917057 2026-07-12T00:31:02Z HermanvanAswegen988 200973 Nuwe bladsy geskep met '{{Inligtingskas Outeur | naam = Georges Arnaud | beeld = HenriGirardLibreDroit.jpg | onderskrif = 'n Beeld van Henri Girard | geboortenaam = Henri Girald | geboortedatum = {{Geboortedatum|1917|7|16|}} | geboorteplek = [[Montpellier]], [[Frankryk|Derde Franse Republiek]] | sterfdatum = {{Sterfdatum en ouderdom|1987|3|4|1917|7|16|}} | sterfplek = [[Barcelona]], [[Spanje]] | beroep = Skr...' 2917057 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Inligtingskas Outeur | naam = Georges Arnaud | beeld = HenriGirardLibreDroit.jpg | onderskrif = 'n Beeld van Henri Girard | geboortenaam = Henri Girald | geboortedatum = {{Geboortedatum|1917|7|16|}} | geboorteplek = [[Montpellier]], [[Frankryk|Derde Franse Republiek]] | sterfdatum = {{Sterfdatum en ouderdom|1987|3|4|1917|7|16|}} | sterfplek = [[Barcelona]], [[Spanje]] | beroep = [[Skrywer]] | nasionaliteit = [[Frankryk|Frans]] | etnisiteit = | genre = | onderwerp = | beweging = | noemenswaardige_werke= ''[[Le Salaire de la peur]]'' | huweliksmaat = | kinders = | pryse = | handtekening = | jare_aktief = | webwerf = }} '''Henri Girard''' ([[16 Julie]] [[1917]] – [[4 Maart]] [[1987]]) was 'n Franse skrywer wat gebruik gemaak het van die [[skuilnaam]] '''Georges Arnaud'''. Hy is gebore in [[Montpellier]]. Hy is die skrywer van die [[roman]] ''[[Le Salaire de la peur]]''. == Biografie == Georges Arnaud was 'n skrywer en joernalis. Nadat hy sy ''baccalauréat'' (Hierdie kwalifikasie, allerweë in Frankryk bekend as die '''''bac''''', is 'n Franse nasionale akademiese kwalifikasie wat studente kan verwerf na voltooiing van hul sekondêre onderwys (aan die einde van die ''lycée'') deur aan sekere vereistes te voldoen. Alhoewel dit slegs in sy huidige vorm as 'n skoolverlatingseksamen bestaan sedert keiser [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] se inwerkingtreding op 17 Maart 1808, dateer die oorsprong daarvan terug na die eerste Middeleeuse Franse universiteite <ref>{{Cite web |title=A quoi sert le baccalauréat ? |url=https://www.senat.fr/rap/r07-370/r07-3701.html |access-date=2022-06-30 |website=www.senat.fr}}</ref>) verwerf het, het hy tale en [[letterkunde]] gestudeer. Hierna verhuis hy na Parys en verwerf in 1938 'n regsgraad. Op die nag van 24 op 25 Oktober 1941 is Henri se vader (’n adjunk-argivaris by die Ministerie van Buitelandse Sake van Vichy-Frankryk), tante en ’n bediende in die familiekasteel vermoor. Girard, die enigste oorlewende, het die volgende oggend alarm gemaak. Op grond van die geheimsinnige omstandighede rondom die moorde is Girard gearresteer, aangekla en gevange geneem. Hy het negentien maande in die tronk deurgebring waar hy, weens die oorlog, aan sy eie lot oorgelaat is. Sy verhoor het op 27 Mei 1943 begin; die jurie het hom op 2 Junie vrygespreek. Daarna het hy van 1943 tot 1947 in Parys gewoon, waar hy met ’n jong sangeres, Suzanne Graux, getrou het, vir wie hy liedjies geskryf het en saam met wie hy twee seuns gehad het. Sommige van sy liedjies is deur [[Edith Piaf]] uitgevoer (soos ''Les Hiboux''). Op 2 Mei 1947 vertrek hy na Suid-Amerika ten einde sy krediteure te ontglip, nadat hy sy familie-erfenis verkwansel het. Hy keer in 1950 terug na Frankryk en publiseer sy eerste roman, ''[[Le Salaire de la peur]]'', wat geïnspireer is deur sy reis. Hierna vloei talle nuwe werke uit sy pen, soos ''Le Voyage du mauvais larron''' en ''Schtibilem 41'' (oor sy verblyf in die tronk). Hy het ook vir verskeie koerante gewerk. In 1952 het die filmmaker Henri-Georges Clouzot 'n rolprentverwerking van [[Le Salaire de la peur|sy werk]] (''The Wages of Fear'') gemaak, met Yves Montand en Charles Vanel in die hoofrolle. In 1953 het Girard sy nuwe metgesellin, Rolande, ontmoet. Hulle is in 1966 getroud en het saam twee dogters gehad. In dieselfde jaar het sy toneelstuk ''Avowales the Sweetest'' 'n skandaal veroorsaak. Die toneelstuk is in 1970 deur Édouard Molinaro vir televisie verwerk. In 1962 het Girard saam met sy gesin na Algerië verhuis, waar hy daartoe bygedra het om 'n joernalistiekskool te stig en 'n koerant (''Révolution Africaine'') van stapel te stuur. Hy het Algerië in 1974 verlaat. Tussen 1975 en 1981 was hy 'n verslaggewer op Franse televisie. In 1984 het hy hom saam met sy vrou in Barcelona gevestig waar hy op 4 Maart 1987 aan 'n hartaanval oorlede is. == Kinders == Henri Girard het twee seuns gehad genaamd Dominique (1946) en Henri (1947), en twee dogters, Catherine (1962) en Laurence (1964). == Werke == * ''[[Le Salaire de la peur]]'', Julliard, 1950. * ''Le Voyage du mauvais larron'', Julliard, 1951; Le Pré aux Clercs, 1987 * ''Lumière de soufre'', Julliard, 1952. * ''Indiens des hauts plateaux'', revue 9, n°8, décembre 1952. * ''Prisons 53'', Julliard 1953. * ''Schtibilem 1941'', Julliard, 1953. * ''Les Oreilles sur le dos'', Editions du Scorpion, 1953; Julliard, 1974 * ''Les Aveux les plus doux'', Julliard, 1954. * ''Les Aveux les plus doux'' (scénario), Editions des Lettres françaises, 1954. * ''Indiens pas morts'', Delpire Editeur, 1956. * ''Pour Djamila Bouhired'', Editions de Minuit, 1957. * ''Maréchal P...'', Editeurs Français Réunis, 1958. * ''La Plus Grande Pente'', Julliard, 1961. * ''Mon procès'', Editions de Minuit, 1961. * ''Préface'' within ''The Murder of Roger Ackroyd'' of Agatha Christie, Le Livre de Poche, 1961. * ''L'Affaire Peiper : plus qu'un fait divers'', Atelier Marcel Jullian, 1978. * ''Chroniques du crime et de l'innocence'', Jean-Claude Lattès, 1982. * ''Juste avant l'aube'', in collaboration with Jean Anglade, Presses de la Cité, 1990. == Verwysings == {{Verwysings}} == Eksterne skakels == * [http://cqfd.chez-alice.fr/georgesarnaud/index.html Georges Arnaud, le multimedi-homme] ''(amptelike webwerf - met [http://cqfd.chez-alice.fr/georgesarnaud/GeorgesArnaud_enBref.htm#VA inligting in Engels])'' {{Normdata}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Arnaud, Georges}} [[Kategorie:Geboortes in 1917]] [[Kategorie:Sterftes in 1987]] [[Kategorie:Franse skrywers]] 5p56c0w8go67a5me36pv7ahh98avx2o 2917059 2917057 2026-07-12T00:34:02Z HermanvanAswegen988 200973 /* Biografie */ 2917059 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Inligtingskas Outeur | naam = Georges Arnaud | beeld = HenriGirardLibreDroit.jpg | onderskrif = 'n Beeld van Henri Girard | geboortenaam = Henri Girald | geboortedatum = {{Geboortedatum|1917|7|16|}} | geboorteplek = [[Montpellier]], [[Frankryk|Derde Franse Republiek]] | sterfdatum = {{Sterfdatum en ouderdom|1987|3|4|1917|7|16|}} | sterfplek = [[Barcelona]], [[Spanje]] | beroep = [[Skrywer]] | nasionaliteit = [[Frankryk|Frans]] | etnisiteit = | genre = | onderwerp = | beweging = | noemenswaardige_werke= ''[[Le Salaire de la peur]]'' | huweliksmaat = | kinders = | pryse = | handtekening = | jare_aktief = | webwerf = }} '''Henri Girard''' ([[16 Julie]] [[1917]] – [[4 Maart]] [[1987]]) was 'n Franse skrywer wat gebruik gemaak het van die [[skuilnaam]] '''Georges Arnaud'''. Hy is gebore in [[Montpellier]]. Hy is die skrywer van die [[roman]] ''[[Le Salaire de la peur]]''. == Biografie == Georges Arnaud was 'n skrywer en joernalis. Nadat hy sy ''baccalauréat'' (Hierdie kwalifikasie, allerweë in Frankryk bekend as die '''''bac''''', is 'n Franse nasionale akademiese kwalifikasie wat studente kan verwerf na voltooiing van hul sekondêre onderwys (aan die einde van die ''lycée'') deur aan sekere vereistes te voldoen. Alhoewel dit slegs in sy huidige vorm as 'n skoolverlatingseksamen bestaan sedert keiser [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] se inwerkingtreding op 17 Maart 1808, dateer die oorsprong daarvan terug na die eerste Middeleeuse Franse universiteite <ref>{{Cite web |title=A quoi sert le baccalauréat ? |url=https://www.senat.fr/rap/r07-370/r07-3701.html |access-date=2022-06-30 |website=www.senat.fr}}</ref>) verwerf het, het hy tale en [[letterkunde]] gestudeer. Hierna verhuis hy na Parys en verwerf in 1938 'n regsgraad. Op die nag van 24 op 25 Oktober 1941 is Henri se vader (’n adjunk-argivaris by die Ministerie van Buitelandse Sake van Vichy-Frankryk), tante en ’n bediende in die familiekasteel vermoor. Girard, die enigste oorlewende, het die volgende oggend alarm gemaak. Op grond van die geheimsinnige omstandighede rondom die moorde is Girard gearresteer, aangekla en gevange geneem. Hy het negentien maande in die tronk deurgebring waar hy, weens die oorlog, aan sy eie lot oorgelaat is. Sy verhoor het op 27 Mei 1943 begin; die jurie het hom op 2 Junie vrygespreek. Daarna het hy van 1943 tot 1947 in Parys gewoon, waar hy met ’n jong sangeres, Suzanne Graux, getrou het, vir wie hy liedjies geskryf het en saam met wie hy twee seuns gehad het. Sommige van sy liedjies is deur [[Edith Piaf]] uitgevoer (soos ''Les Hiboux''). Op 2 Mei 1947 vertrek hy na Suid-Amerika ten einde sy krediteure te ontglip, nadat hy sy familie-erfenis verkwansel het. Hy keer in 1950 terug na Frankryk en publiseer sy eerste roman, ''[[Le Salaire de la peur]]'', wat geïnspireer is deur sy reis. Hierna vloei talle nuwe werke uit sy pen, soos ''Le Voyage du mauvais larron'' en ''Schtibilem 41'' (oor sy verblyf in die tronk). Hy het ook vir verskeie koerante gewerk. In 1952 het die filmmaker Henri-Georges Clouzot 'n rolprentverwerking van [[Le Salaire de la peur|sy werk]] (''The Wages of Fear'') gemaak, met Yves Montand en Charles Vanel in die hoofrolle. In 1953 het Girard sy nuwe metgesellin, Rolande, ontmoet. Hulle is in 1966 getroud en het saam twee dogters gehad. In dieselfde jaar het sy toneelstuk ''Avowales the Sweetest'' 'n skandaal veroorsaak. Die toneelstuk is in 1970 deur Édouard Molinaro vir televisie verwerk. In 1962 het Girard saam met sy gesin na Algerië verhuis, waar hy daartoe bygedra het om 'n joernalistiekskool te stig en 'n koerant (''Révolution Africaine'') van stapel te stuur. Hy het Algerië in 1974 verlaat. Tussen 1975 en 1981 was hy 'n verslaggewer op Franse televisie. In 1984 het hy hom saam met sy vrou in Barcelona gevestig waar hy op 4 Maart 1987 aan 'n hartaanval oorlede is. == Kinders == Henri Girard het twee seuns gehad genaamd Dominique (1946) en Henri (1947), en twee dogters, Catherine (1962) en Laurence (1964). == Werke == * ''[[Le Salaire de la peur]]'', Julliard, 1950. * ''Le Voyage du mauvais larron'', Julliard, 1951; Le Pré aux Clercs, 1987 * ''Lumière de soufre'', Julliard, 1952. * ''Indiens des hauts plateaux'', revue 9, n°8, décembre 1952. * ''Prisons 53'', Julliard 1953. * ''Schtibilem 1941'', Julliard, 1953. * ''Les Oreilles sur le dos'', Editions du Scorpion, 1953; Julliard, 1974 * ''Les Aveux les plus doux'', Julliard, 1954. * ''Les Aveux les plus doux'' (scénario), Editions des Lettres françaises, 1954. * ''Indiens pas morts'', Delpire Editeur, 1956. * ''Pour Djamila Bouhired'', Editions de Minuit, 1957. * ''Maréchal P...'', Editeurs Français Réunis, 1958. * ''La Plus Grande Pente'', Julliard, 1961. * ''Mon procès'', Editions de Minuit, 1961. * ''Préface'' within ''The Murder of Roger Ackroyd'' of Agatha Christie, Le Livre de Poche, 1961. * ''L'Affaire Peiper : plus qu'un fait divers'', Atelier Marcel Jullian, 1978. * ''Chroniques du crime et de l'innocence'', Jean-Claude Lattès, 1982. * ''Juste avant l'aube'', in collaboration with Jean Anglade, Presses de la Cité, 1990. == Verwysings == {{Verwysings}} == Eksterne skakels == * [http://cqfd.chez-alice.fr/georgesarnaud/index.html Georges Arnaud, le multimedi-homme] ''(amptelike webwerf - met [http://cqfd.chez-alice.fr/georgesarnaud/GeorgesArnaud_enBref.htm#VA inligting in Engels])'' {{Normdata}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Arnaud, Georges}} [[Kategorie:Geboortes in 1917]] [[Kategorie:Sterftes in 1987]] [[Kategorie:Franse skrywers]] dwdb14pdfbfbcn70naxb1xncw8ay6e6 2917060 2917059 2026-07-12T00:36:24Z HermanvanAswegen988 200973 /* Biografie */ 2917060 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Inligtingskas Outeur | naam = Georges Arnaud | beeld = HenriGirardLibreDroit.jpg | onderskrif = 'n Beeld van Henri Girard | geboortenaam = Henri Girald | geboortedatum = {{Geboortedatum|1917|7|16|}} | geboorteplek = [[Montpellier]], [[Frankryk|Derde Franse Republiek]] | sterfdatum = {{Sterfdatum en ouderdom|1987|3|4|1917|7|16|}} | sterfplek = [[Barcelona]], [[Spanje]] | beroep = [[Skrywer]] | nasionaliteit = [[Frankryk|Frans]] | etnisiteit = | genre = | onderwerp = | beweging = | noemenswaardige_werke= ''[[Le Salaire de la peur]]'' | huweliksmaat = | kinders = | pryse = | handtekening = | jare_aktief = | webwerf = }} '''Henri Girard''' ([[16 Julie]] [[1917]] – [[4 Maart]] [[1987]]) was 'n Franse skrywer wat gebruik gemaak het van die [[skuilnaam]] '''Georges Arnaud'''. Hy is gebore in [[Montpellier]]. Hy is die skrywer van die [[roman]] ''[[Le Salaire de la peur]]''. == Biografie == Georges Arnaud was 'n skrywer en joernalis. Nadat hy sy ''baccalauréat'' (Hierdie kwalifikasie, allerweë in Frankryk bekend as die '''''bac''''', is 'n Franse nasionale akademiese kwalifikasie wat studente kan verwerf na voltooiing van hul sekondêre onderwys (aan die einde van die ''lycée'') deur aan sekere vereistes te voldoen. Alhoewel dit slegs in sy huidige vorm as 'n skoolverlatingseksamen bestaan sedert keiser [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] se inwerkingtreding op 17 Maart 1808, dateer die oorsprong daarvan terug na die eerste Middeleeuse Franse universiteite <ref>{{Cite web |title=A quoi sert le baccalauréat ? |url=https://www.senat.fr/rap/r07-370/r07-3701.html |access-date=2022-06-30 |website=www.senat.fr}}</ref>) verwerf het, het hy tale en [[letterkunde]] gestudeer. Hierna verhuis hy na Parys en verwerf in 1938 'n regsgraad. Op die nag van 24 op 25 Oktober 1941 is Henri se vader (’n adjunk-argivaris by die Ministerie van Buitelandse Sake van Vichy-Frankryk), tante en ’n bediende in die familiekasteel vermoor. Girard, die enigste oorlewende, het die volgende oggend alarm gemaak. Op grond van die geheimsinnige omstandighede rondom die moorde is Girard in hegtenis geneem, aangekla en gevange geneem. Hy het negentien maande in die tronk deurgebring waar hy, weens die oorlog, aan sy eie lot oorgelaat is. Sy verhoor het op 27 Mei 1943 begin; die jurie het hom op 2 Junie vrygespreek. Daarna het hy van 1943 tot 1947 in Parys gewoon, waar hy met ’n jong sangeres, Suzanne Graux, getrou het, vir wie hy liedjies geskryf het en saam met wie hy twee seuns gehad het. Sommige van sy liedjies is deur [[Edith Piaf]] uitgevoer (soos ''Les Hiboux''). Op 2 Mei 1947 vertrek hy na Suid-Amerika ten einde sy krediteure te ontglip, nadat hy sy familie-erfenis verkwansel het. Hy keer in 1950 terug na Frankryk en publiseer sy eerste roman, ''[[Le Salaire de la peur]]'', wat geïnspireer is deur sy reis. Hierna vloei talle nuwe werke uit sy pen, soos ''Le Voyage du mauvais larron'' en ''Schtibilem 41'' (oor sy verblyf in die tronk). Hy het ook vir verskeie koerante gewerk. In 1952 het die filmmaker Henri-Georges Clouzot 'n rolprentverwerking van [[Le Salaire de la peur|sy werk]] (''The Wages of Fear'') gemaak, met Yves Montand en Charles Vanel in die hoofrolle. In 1953 het Girard sy nuwe metgesellin, Rolande, ontmoet. Hulle is in 1966 getroud en het saam twee dogters gehad. In dieselfde jaar het sy toneelstuk ''Avowales the Sweetest'' 'n skandaal veroorsaak. Die toneelstuk is in 1970 deur Édouard Molinaro vir televisie verwerk. In 1962 het Girard saam met sy gesin na Algerië verhuis, waar hy daartoe bygedra het om 'n joernalistiekskool te stig en 'n koerant (''Révolution Africaine'') van stapel te stuur. Hy het Algerië in 1974 verlaat. Tussen 1975 en 1981 was hy 'n verslaggewer op Franse televisie. In 1984 het hy hom saam met sy vrou in Barcelona gevestig waar hy op 4 Maart 1987 aan 'n hartaanval oorlede is. == Kinders == Henri Girard het twee seuns gehad genaamd Dominique (1946) en Henri (1947), en twee dogters, Catherine (1962) en Laurence (1964). == Werke == * ''[[Le Salaire de la peur]]'', Julliard, 1950. * ''Le Voyage du mauvais larron'', Julliard, 1951; Le Pré aux Clercs, 1987 * ''Lumière de soufre'', Julliard, 1952. * ''Indiens des hauts plateaux'', revue 9, n°8, décembre 1952. * ''Prisons 53'', Julliard 1953. * ''Schtibilem 1941'', Julliard, 1953. * ''Les Oreilles sur le dos'', Editions du Scorpion, 1953; Julliard, 1974 * ''Les Aveux les plus doux'', Julliard, 1954. * ''Les Aveux les plus doux'' (scénario), Editions des Lettres françaises, 1954. * ''Indiens pas morts'', Delpire Editeur, 1956. * ''Pour Djamila Bouhired'', Editions de Minuit, 1957. * ''Maréchal P...'', Editeurs Français Réunis, 1958. * ''La Plus Grande Pente'', Julliard, 1961. * ''Mon procès'', Editions de Minuit, 1961. * ''Préface'' within ''The Murder of Roger Ackroyd'' of Agatha Christie, Le Livre de Poche, 1961. * ''L'Affaire Peiper : plus qu'un fait divers'', Atelier Marcel Jullian, 1978. * ''Chroniques du crime et de l'innocence'', Jean-Claude Lattès, 1982. * ''Juste avant l'aube'', in collaboration with Jean Anglade, Presses de la Cité, 1990. == Verwysings == {{Verwysings}} == Eksterne skakels == * [http://cqfd.chez-alice.fr/georgesarnaud/index.html Georges Arnaud, le multimedi-homme] ''(amptelike webwerf - met [http://cqfd.chez-alice.fr/georgesarnaud/GeorgesArnaud_enBref.htm#VA inligting in Engels])'' {{Normdata}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Arnaud, Georges}} [[Kategorie:Geboortes in 1917]] [[Kategorie:Sterftes in 1987]] [[Kategorie:Franse skrywers]] 4cat0le0munlvn2fdk0zfssb6ir3y8f 2917061 2917060 2026-07-12T00:36:57Z HermanvanAswegen988 200973 /* Biografie */ 2917061 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Inligtingskas Outeur | naam = Georges Arnaud | beeld = HenriGirardLibreDroit.jpg | onderskrif = 'n Beeld van Henri Girard | geboortenaam = Henri Girald | geboortedatum = {{Geboortedatum|1917|7|16|}} | geboorteplek = [[Montpellier]], [[Frankryk|Derde Franse Republiek]] | sterfdatum = {{Sterfdatum en ouderdom|1987|3|4|1917|7|16|}} | sterfplek = [[Barcelona]], [[Spanje]] | beroep = [[Skrywer]] | nasionaliteit = [[Frankryk|Frans]] | etnisiteit = | genre = | onderwerp = | beweging = | noemenswaardige_werke= ''[[Le Salaire de la peur]]'' | huweliksmaat = | kinders = | pryse = | handtekening = | jare_aktief = | webwerf = }} '''Henri Girard''' ([[16 Julie]] [[1917]] – [[4 Maart]] [[1987]]) was 'n Franse skrywer wat gebruik gemaak het van die [[skuilnaam]] '''Georges Arnaud'''. Hy is gebore in [[Montpellier]]. Hy is die skrywer van die [[roman]] ''[[Le Salaire de la peur]]''. == Biografie == Georges Arnaud was 'n skrywer en joernalis. Nadat hy sy ''baccalauréat'' (Hierdie kwalifikasie, allerweë in Frankryk bekend as die '''''bac''''', is 'n Franse nasionale akademiese kwalifikasie wat studente kan verwerf na voltooiing van hul sekondêre onderwys (aan die einde van die ''lycée'') deur aan sekere vereistes te voldoen. Alhoewel dit slegs in sy huidige vorm as 'n skoolverlatingseksamen bestaan sedert keiser [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] se inwerkingtreding op 17 Maart 1808, dateer die oorsprong daarvan terug na die eerste Middeleeuse Franse universiteite <ref>{{Cite web |title=A quoi sert le baccalauréat ? |url=https://www.senat.fr/rap/r07-370/r07-3701.html |access-date=2022-06-30 |website=www.senat.fr}}</ref>) verwerf het, het hy tale en [[letterkunde]] gestudeer. Hierna verhuis hy na Parys en verwerf in 1938 'n regsgraad. Op die nag van 24 op 25 Oktober 1941 is Henri se vader (’n adjunk-argivaris by die Ministerie van Buitelandse Sake van Vichy-Frankryk), tante en ’n bediende in die familiekasteel vermoor. Girard, die enigste oorlewende, het die volgende oggend alarm gemaak. Op grond van die geheimsinnige omstandighede rondom die moorde is Girard in hegtenis geneem, aangekla en gevange geneem. Hy het negentien maande in die tronk deurgebring waar hy, weens die oorlog aan sy eie lot oorgelaat is. Sy verhoor het op 27 Mei 1943 begin; die jurie het hom op 2 Junie vrygespreek. Daarna het hy van 1943 tot 1947 in Parys gewoon, waar hy met ’n jong sangeres, Suzanne Graux, getrou het, vir wie hy liedjies geskryf het en saam met wie hy twee seuns gehad het. Sommige van sy liedjies is deur [[Edith Piaf]] uitgevoer (soos ''Les Hiboux''). Op 2 Mei 1947 vertrek hy na Suid-Amerika ten einde sy krediteure te ontglip, nadat hy sy familie-erfenis verkwansel het. Hy keer in 1950 terug na Frankryk en publiseer sy eerste roman, ''[[Le Salaire de la peur]]'', wat geïnspireer is deur sy reis. Hierna vloei talle nuwe werke uit sy pen, soos ''Le Voyage du mauvais larron'' en ''Schtibilem 41'' (oor sy verblyf in die tronk). Hy het ook vir verskeie koerante gewerk. In 1952 het die filmmaker Henri-Georges Clouzot 'n rolprentverwerking van [[Le Salaire de la peur|sy werk]] (''The Wages of Fear'') gemaak, met Yves Montand en Charles Vanel in die hoofrolle. In 1953 het Girard sy nuwe metgesellin, Rolande, ontmoet. Hulle is in 1966 getroud en het saam twee dogters gehad. In dieselfde jaar het sy toneelstuk ''Avowales the Sweetest'' 'n skandaal veroorsaak. Die toneelstuk is in 1970 deur Édouard Molinaro vir televisie verwerk. In 1962 het Girard saam met sy gesin na Algerië verhuis, waar hy daartoe bygedra het om 'n joernalistiekskool te stig en 'n koerant (''Révolution Africaine'') van stapel te stuur. Hy het Algerië in 1974 verlaat. Tussen 1975 en 1981 was hy 'n verslaggewer op Franse televisie. In 1984 het hy hom saam met sy vrou in Barcelona gevestig waar hy op 4 Maart 1987 aan 'n hartaanval oorlede is. == Kinders == Henri Girard het twee seuns gehad genaamd Dominique (1946) en Henri (1947), en twee dogters, Catherine (1962) en Laurence (1964). == Werke == * ''[[Le Salaire de la peur]]'', Julliard, 1950. * ''Le Voyage du mauvais larron'', Julliard, 1951; Le Pré aux Clercs, 1987 * ''Lumière de soufre'', Julliard, 1952. * ''Indiens des hauts plateaux'', revue 9, n°8, décembre 1952. * ''Prisons 53'', Julliard 1953. * ''Schtibilem 1941'', Julliard, 1953. * ''Les Oreilles sur le dos'', Editions du Scorpion, 1953; Julliard, 1974 * ''Les Aveux les plus doux'', Julliard, 1954. * ''Les Aveux les plus doux'' (scénario), Editions des Lettres françaises, 1954. * ''Indiens pas morts'', Delpire Editeur, 1956. * ''Pour Djamila Bouhired'', Editions de Minuit, 1957. * ''Maréchal P...'', Editeurs Français Réunis, 1958. * ''La Plus Grande Pente'', Julliard, 1961. * ''Mon procès'', Editions de Minuit, 1961. * ''Préface'' within ''The Murder of Roger Ackroyd'' of Agatha Christie, Le Livre de Poche, 1961. * ''L'Affaire Peiper : plus qu'un fait divers'', Atelier Marcel Jullian, 1978. * ''Chroniques du crime et de l'innocence'', Jean-Claude Lattès, 1982. * ''Juste avant l'aube'', in collaboration with Jean Anglade, Presses de la Cité, 1990. == Verwysings == {{Verwysings}} == Eksterne skakels == * [http://cqfd.chez-alice.fr/georgesarnaud/index.html Georges Arnaud, le multimedi-homme] ''(amptelike webwerf - met [http://cqfd.chez-alice.fr/georgesarnaud/GeorgesArnaud_enBref.htm#VA inligting in Engels])'' {{Normdata}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Arnaud, Georges}} [[Kategorie:Geboortes in 1917]] [[Kategorie:Sterftes in 1987]] [[Kategorie:Franse skrywers]] 5d50rh8yq6ol1zc2n95uvmzci9hxo7b 2917086 2917061 2026-07-12T10:28:08Z Oesjaar 7467 Dit is nie 'n beeld maar 'n foto. 2917086 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Inligtingskas Outeur | naam = Georges Arnaud | beeld = HenriGirardLibreDroit.jpg | onderskrif = Henri Girard | geboortenaam = Henri Girald | geboortedatum = {{Geboortedatum|1917|7|16|}} | geboorteplek = [[Montpellier]], [[Frankryk|Derde Franse Republiek]] | sterfdatum = {{Sterfdatum en ouderdom|1987|3|4|1917|7|16|}} | sterfplek = [[Barcelona]], [[Spanje]] | beroep = [[Skrywer]] | nasionaliteit = [[Frankryk|Frans]] | etnisiteit = | genre = | onderwerp = | beweging = | noemenswaardige_werke= ''[[Le Salaire de la peur]]'' | huweliksmaat = | kinders = | pryse = | handtekening = | jare_aktief = | webwerf = }} '''Henri Girard''' ([[16 Julie]] [[1917]] – [[4 Maart]] [[1987]]) was 'n Franse skrywer wat gebruik gemaak het van die [[skuilnaam]] '''Georges Arnaud'''. Hy is gebore in [[Montpellier]]. Hy is die skrywer van die [[roman]] ''[[Le Salaire de la peur]]''. == Biografie == Georges Arnaud was 'n skrywer en joernalis. Nadat hy sy ''baccalauréat'' (Hierdie kwalifikasie, allerweë in Frankryk bekend as die '''''bac''''', is 'n Franse nasionale akademiese kwalifikasie wat studente kan verwerf na voltooiing van hul sekondêre onderwys (aan die einde van die ''lycée'') deur aan sekere vereistes te voldoen. Alhoewel dit slegs in sy huidige vorm as 'n skoolverlatingseksamen bestaan sedert keiser [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] se inwerkingtreding op 17 Maart 1808, dateer die oorsprong daarvan terug na die eerste Middeleeuse Franse universiteite <ref>{{Cite web |title=A quoi sert le baccalauréat ? |url=https://www.senat.fr/rap/r07-370/r07-3701.html |access-date=2022-06-30 |website=www.senat.fr}}</ref>) verwerf het, het hy tale en [[letterkunde]] gestudeer. Hierna verhuis hy na Parys en verwerf in 1938 'n regsgraad. Op die nag van 24 op 25 Oktober 1941 is Henri se vader (’n adjunk-argivaris by die Ministerie van Buitelandse Sake van Vichy-Frankryk), tante en ’n bediende in die familiekasteel vermoor. Girard, die enigste oorlewende, het die volgende oggend alarm gemaak. Op grond van die geheimsinnige omstandighede rondom die moorde is Girard in hegtenis geneem, aangekla en gevange geneem. Hy het negentien maande in die tronk deurgebring waar hy, weens die oorlog aan sy eie lot oorgelaat is. Sy verhoor het op 27 Mei 1943 begin; die jurie het hom op 2 Junie vrygespreek. Daarna het hy van 1943 tot 1947 in Parys gewoon, waar hy met ’n jong sangeres, Suzanne Graux, getrou het, vir wie hy liedjies geskryf het en saam met wie hy twee seuns gehad het. Sommige van sy liedjies is deur [[Edith Piaf]] uitgevoer (soos ''Les Hiboux''). Op 2 Mei 1947 vertrek hy na Suid-Amerika ten einde sy krediteure te ontglip, nadat hy sy familie-erfenis verkwansel het. Hy keer in 1950 terug na Frankryk en publiseer sy eerste roman, ''[[Le Salaire de la peur]]'', wat geïnspireer is deur sy reis. Hierna vloei talle nuwe werke uit sy pen, soos ''Le Voyage du mauvais larron'' en ''Schtibilem 41'' (oor sy verblyf in die tronk). Hy het ook vir verskeie koerante gewerk. In 1952 het die filmmaker Henri-Georges Clouzot 'n rolprentverwerking van [[Le Salaire de la peur|sy werk]] (''The Wages of Fear'') gemaak, met Yves Montand en Charles Vanel in die hoofrolle. In 1953 het Girard sy nuwe metgesellin, Rolande, ontmoet. Hulle is in 1966 getroud en het saam twee dogters gehad. In dieselfde jaar het sy toneelstuk ''Avowales the Sweetest'' 'n skandaal veroorsaak. Die toneelstuk is in 1970 deur Édouard Molinaro vir televisie verwerk. In 1962 het Girard saam met sy gesin na Algerië verhuis, waar hy daartoe bygedra het om 'n joernalistiekskool te stig en 'n koerant (''Révolution Africaine'') van stapel te stuur. Hy het Algerië in 1974 verlaat. Tussen 1975 en 1981 was hy 'n verslaggewer op Franse televisie. In 1984 het hy hom saam met sy vrou in Barcelona gevestig waar hy op 4 Maart 1987 aan 'n hartaanval oorlede is. == Kinders == Henri Girard het twee seuns gehad genaamd Dominique (1946) en Henri (1947), en twee dogters, Catherine (1962) en Laurence (1964). == Werke == * ''[[Le Salaire de la peur]]'', Julliard, 1950. * ''Le Voyage du mauvais larron'', Julliard, 1951; Le Pré aux Clercs, 1987 * ''Lumière de soufre'', Julliard, 1952. * ''Indiens des hauts plateaux'', revue 9, n°8, décembre 1952. * ''Prisons 53'', Julliard 1953. * ''Schtibilem 1941'', Julliard, 1953. * ''Les Oreilles sur le dos'', Editions du Scorpion, 1953; Julliard, 1974 * ''Les Aveux les plus doux'', Julliard, 1954. * ''Les Aveux les plus doux'' (scénario), Editions des Lettres françaises, 1954. * ''Indiens pas morts'', Delpire Editeur, 1956. * ''Pour Djamila Bouhired'', Editions de Minuit, 1957. * ''Maréchal P...'', Editeurs Français Réunis, 1958. * ''La Plus Grande Pente'', Julliard, 1961. * ''Mon procès'', Editions de Minuit, 1961. * ''Préface'' within ''The Murder of Roger Ackroyd'' of Agatha Christie, Le Livre de Poche, 1961. * ''L'Affaire Peiper : plus qu'un fait divers'', Atelier Marcel Jullian, 1978. * ''Chroniques du crime et de l'innocence'', Jean-Claude Lattès, 1982. * ''Juste avant l'aube'', in collaboration with Jean Anglade, Presses de la Cité, 1990. == Verwysings == {{Verwysings}} == Eksterne skakels == * [http://cqfd.chez-alice.fr/georgesarnaud/index.html Georges Arnaud, le multimedi-homme] ''(amptelike webwerf - met [http://cqfd.chez-alice.fr/georgesarnaud/GeorgesArnaud_enBref.htm#VA inligting in Engels])'' {{Normdata}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Arnaud, Georges}} [[Kategorie:Geboortes in 1917]] [[Kategorie:Sterftes in 1987]] [[Kategorie:Franse skrywers]] nxbzz88jepz4yg3se0jhn079g4xo0lg 3 463723 2917071 2026-07-12T06:42:00Z Oesjaar 7467 Stop met jou nonsens! 2917071 wikitext text/x-wiki Stop met jou nonsens! [[Gebruiker:Oesjaar|Oesjaar]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Oesjaar|kontak]]) 06:41, 12 Julie 2026 (UTC) 7m20lma9r9ykv2594oe63ho7ifnqkg8 1 463724 2917072 2026-07-12T06:43:10Z Oesjaar 7467 Verbeter 2917072 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kop van besprekingsbladsy}} {{Bladtrekke}} 2v27w7bebgol2ym1cn6ibpmrzbxwbzv 1 463725 2917073 2026-07-12T06:43:27Z Oesjaar 7467 Verbeter 2917073 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kop van besprekingsbladsy}} {{Bladtrekke}} 2v27w7bebgol2ym1cn6ibpmrzbxwbzv 1 463726 2917074 2026-07-12T06:44:43Z Oesjaar 7467 Verbeter 2917074 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kop van besprekingsbladsy}} {{Bladtrekke}} 2v27w7bebgol2ym1cn6ibpmrzbxwbzv 0 463727 2917087 2026-07-12T11:00:56Z Oesjaar 7467 Nuwe spesie met foto's. 2917087 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Spesieboks | status = | status_system = iucn3.1 | name = | image = | taxon = Asparagus albus | authority = L., (1753) | synonyms =* ''Asparagopsis alba'' <small>(L.) Kunth</small> * ''Asparagus pallidus'' <small>Salisb.</small> }} '''''Asparagopsis albus''''' is 'n meerjarige plant wat deel van die Asparagaceae [[Familie (biologie)|familie]] is. Die [[spesie]] is [[inheems]] aan [[Algerië]], [[Baleariese Eilande]], [[Frankryk]], [[Italië]], [[Korsika]], [[Libië]], [[Marokko]], [[Portugal]], [[Sardinië]], [[Sisilië]], [[Spanje]] en [[Tunisië]]. == Galery == <gallery> Artà - Ermita de Betlem - Asparagus albus 01 ies.jpg Asparagus albus - Cagliari, Italy 2024-03-28 (02).jpg Asparagus albus kz05.jpg Asparagus albus kz11.jpg Asparagus albus Szparag 2024-01-21 Malaga 02.jpg Asparagus albus Szparag 2024-01-20 Malaga 11.jpg </gallery> == Bron == * [https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:531000-1 Plants of the World] {{Taksonbalk}} [[Kategorie:Asparagus|albus]] [[Kategorie:Flora van Algerië]] [[Kategorie:Flora van die Baleariese Eilande [[Kategorie:Flora van Frankryk]] [[Kategorie:Flora van Italië]] [[Kategorie:Flora van Korsika]] [[Kategorie:Flora van Libië]] [[Kategorie:Flora van Marokko]] [[Kategorie:Flora van Portugal]] [[Kategorie:Flora van Sardinië]] [[Kategorie:Flora van Sisilië]] [[Kategorie:Flora van Spanje]] [[Kategorie:Flora van Tunisië]] lng3ex8q8k6mcxttcf5p6m7isalb3pm 2917088 2917087 2026-07-12T11:02:16Z Oesjaar 7467 Ai! 2917088 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Spesieboks | status = | status_system = iucn3.1 | name = | image = | taxon = Asparagus albus | authority = L., (1753) | synonyms =* ''Asparagopsis alba'' <small>(L.) Kunth</small> * ''Asparagus pallidus'' <small>Salisb.</small> }} '''''Asparagopsis albus''''' is 'n meerjarige plant wat deel van die Asparagaceae [[Familie (biologie)|familie]] is. Die [[spesie]] is [[inheems]] aan [[Algerië]], [[Baleariese Eilande]], [[Frankryk]], [[Italië]], [[Korsika]], [[Libië]], [[Marokko]], [[Portugal]], [[Sardinië]], [[Sisilië]], [[Spanje]] en [[Tunisië]]. == Galery == <gallery> Artà - Ermita de Betlem - Asparagus albus 01 ies.jpg Asparagus albus - Cagliari, Italy 2024-03-28 (02).jpg Asparagus albus kz05.jpg Asparagus albus kz11.jpg Asparagus albus Szparag 2024-01-21 Malaga 02.jpg Asparagus albus Szparag 2024-01-20 Malaga 11.jpg </gallery> == Bron == * [https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:531000-1 Plants of the World] {{Taksonbalk}} [[Kategorie:Asparagus|albus]] [[Kategorie:Flora van Algerië]] [[Kategorie:Flora van die Baleariese Eilande]] [[Kategorie:Flora van Frankryk]] [[Kategorie:Flora van Italië]] [[Kategorie:Flora van Korsika]] [[Kategorie:Flora van Libië]] [[Kategorie:Flora van Marokko]] [[Kategorie:Flora van Portugal]] [[Kategorie:Flora van Sardinië]] [[Kategorie:Flora van Sisilië]] [[Kategorie:Flora van Spanje]] [[Kategorie:Flora van Tunisië]] pithcldml5kli9bin2lp7hsp2dybcfc 1 463728 2917089 2026-07-12T11:03:11Z Oesjaar 7467 Verbeter 2917089 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kop van besprekingsbladsy}} {{Bladtrekke}} 2v27w7bebgol2ym1cn6ibpmrzbxwbzv 15 463729 2917090 2026-07-12T11:03:26Z Oesjaar 7467 Verbeter 2917090 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kop van besprekingsbladsy}} {{Bladtrekke}} 2v27w7bebgol2ym1cn6ibpmrzbxwbzv 15 463730 2917091 2026-07-12T11:03:45Z Oesjaar 7467 Verbeter 2917091 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kop van besprekingsbladsy}} {{Bladtrekke}} 2v27w7bebgol2ym1cn6ibpmrzbxwbzv